ISSN 0198-7356 BARTONIA Journal of the Philadelphia Botanical Club Saree its baer > in 1891, the si genpssens Botanical Club has offered outstanding p alas field trips, and econ for those with an ge information. Monthly meetings /t esa clubmetng hm) feaure ae from various heparan backgro — ne cones Ma pee DL 1 rae be on, Bartonia No. 63: 1-9, 2006 The Pollination Biology of Sarracenia alata Wood (Sarraceniaceae) in Louisiana MICHAEL S. BODRI’ AND ALANA M. Gasp "School of Natural and Health Sciences, Health lil Natural ashi Building, Dahlonega, Georgia 3059 ? Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern State i Natchitoches, Louisiana 71497 ABSTRACT. Flowers = ride iy alata are not protandrous, confirmed by benzidine staining of stigmas for receptivity y pollinator in Louisiana, and the flowers are adapted to scrape A a we from the dorsal ¥ wing surfaces as well as the thoracic and abdominal pile. The unique structure of the flower suggests adaptation for pollination when the bee exits the flower rather than enters, arguing for self-pollination rather than xenogam INTRODUCTION Sarracenia is a North American genus of moisture-loving perennial herbs with rhizoma- tous roots and leaves modified for trapping and digesting insects; hence the plants are re- ferred to as carnivorous. Two types of leaves may be produced: hollow tubular leaves (trap leaves or pitchers), which may be erect or decumbent depending on species, and flat, sword- shaped leaves (phyllodia), which appear in some species early or late in the growing season or in response to soil nutrient enrichment (Schnell 2002). The ability to trap and digest prey allows these plants to grow in nutrient-poor soils. The genus Sarracenia includes eight recognized species (S. alata Wood, S. flava L., S. leucophylla Raf., S. minor Walt., S. oreophila (Kearney) Wherry, S. psittacina Michx., S$ purpurea L., S. rubra Walt.) and two to three subspecies (S. purpurea ssp. venosa [Raf.] Wherry var. burkii Schnell, S. rubra ssp. alabamensis [F.W. & R.B. Case] Schnell, S. rubra ssp. jonesii [Wherry] Wherry) considered by some to deserve species ranking. Of these, only two, S. purpurea and S. flava, have had studies conducted of their pollination biology, at various levels of detail (Burr 1979; Mandossian 1965; Schnell 1983). Numerous authors have described the flowers of Sarracenia (Correll and Johnston 1979; Gleason and Cronquist 1991; Radford et al. 1968; Rhoads and Block 2000; Schnell 1978b; Small 1933). Briefly, Sarracenia have solitary nodding flowers at the end of long, naked, erect scapes. Robust plants may have one to three flowers; one flower per plant is typical. Plants typically bloom prior to the opening of the trap leaves, although it is not unusual to find some receptive flowers along with functioning traps. Sarracenia alata scapes are about as long as the leaves, with the flowers situated near the level of the mouths of the traps. The nodding flowers are perfect, with th d and persistent bracts. The bracts vary from green to reddish in color. The calyx is composed of five persistent sepals, broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4 to 5 cm long to 4 cm wide, widest near their base and tapering toward the MiSSouR;| BOTANICAL Manuscript submitted 14 June 2004, revised 14 October 2005. AUG 2 4 201 GARDEN LIBRaRy y BARTONIA bluntly obtuse apex. The cleistopetalous corolla is composed of five pendant and deciduous petals. The petals are incurved, panduriform, and 5 to 6 cm long. The 2-cm long basal portion is rhombic-obovate and narrower than the rhombic-ovate 4-cm wide, broadly rounded apex. Petal bases overlap and the margins of the petals roll slightly outward at the constric- I he petals pass between the style rays. Petal color is typically greenish-yellow, but can range from white to a red blush, and the petal apex may be deeply cleft rather than rounded (Schnell 1978b; Bodri and Gaspard 2004). After 10 to 14 days the petals dry and fall off. The odor for the majority of species, including S. alata, has been described as “feline” (Schnell 1978b). Numerous stamens, with short filaments and versatile, introrse anthers, surround the large subglobose superior ovary. The anthers are two-locular and dehisce longitudinally, spilling the pollen onto the modified style. Pollen grains of S. purpurea are barrel-shaped with three or four grooves visible from pole to pole, while five to eight grooves are visible in the polar view. The grains lack germinal pores (Mandossian 1965). Pollen development is similar among the different species (Nichols 1908). As pollen falls from the anther to the floor of the floral cavity, or as nectar drips onto already fallen pollen, it gets coated with nectar and becomes sticky (Schnell 1978a). The gynoecium consists of five united carpels with numerous ovules on the axile. Nectar glands, appearing as tiny tubercles, are found within the skin of the ovary but are more numerous near the base of the petals. The style is simple and slender at the base but expanded up to 8 cm above into a style disc of five membranaceous rays connected by tissue forming a persistent, convex, umbrella-shaped body (which we will refer to later as the “umbracu- lum”). Each ray is singly notched at the apex, with a 1.5 to 2-mm simple, hooked stigma at the base of each notch. The stigma is dry but villous. Schnell (1983) described three zones in the S. flava style ray: a pyramidal basilar portion; a short cylindrical column; and the stigma tip or knob. The flowers of S. flava are protogynous (Schnell 1978a, 1983). Burr (1979) and Mandossian (1965), studying different northern populations of S. pur- purea, and Schnell (1983) studying S. flava in North Carolina, have all reported the primary pollinator as bumblebees (Bombus spp.). Variations in flower size of the different species, particularly the smaller flowers of §. minor, S. psittacina and S. rubra, could certainly influ- ence the species of pollinators able to enter the flower chamber. The lack of data regarding the pollination ecology of Sarracenia in general prompted this study. Being the only Gulf Coast species west of the Mississippi, inland populations of S. alata in eastern Texas and western Louisiana are geographically isolated from every other species of pitcher plant in North America and therefore are arguably the best model for pollination biology studies of this genus. Our purpose in this study is to provide the first detailed description of pollination in S. alata, infer how our findings may relate to the mating system of the species, and develop hypotheses that will serve as a foundation for future studies. tion METHODS We monitored the study site over two years, beginning in early March, 2004 and 2005. Field observations began on 4 April 2004 during the height of anthesis, continuing daily for two weeks with subsequent visits at weekly intervals until late May. In 2005, field observa- tions began 9 April, with weekly visits terminating in mid-June. Temperature, relative hu- midity and light levels were determined tl gk he day. Weather conditions varied from clear and sunny to cool, with drizzle or rain showers. Data collection included two twilight- POLLINATION OF SARRACENIA ALATA 5 to-dark and two dark-to-twilight periods to maximize detection of crepuscular or nocturnal species of pollinators. We observed floral visitations in the field during both blooming seasons. Possible polli- nators were identified by observation of flowers and subsequent identification of flower visitors. Because all possible pollinators observed were insects, select individuals, primarily bumblebees (Bombus spp.) and honeybees (Apis mellifera), were followed and the number of flowers visited, as well as duration of visit per flower, were monitored and recorded until the insect departed the study site or was lost to tracking. Of the bees monitored, voucher specimens were collected for species determination, collection of pollen from the wings, pile and corbiculae, and morphometrics. Bee morphometrics were based on measurements determined with an electronic digital Vernier caliper to establish mean thorax length (mm), width (mm) and dorsal-ventral thick- ness (mm) (N = 20) and mean abdominal length (mm), width (mm), and dorsal-ventral thick- ness (mm) (N = 20). All Bombus spp. and A. mellifera were collected over five visits, four individuals per visit, during the first field season. Other potential pollinators were collected as encountered. The pollen-carrying ability of the two species of bees was examined by direct observation under a dissecting microscope and selectively brushing the wings and the thoracic and ab- dominal pile onto a thin film of silicon grease smeared on a glass slide. Pollen slides were flooded with Calberla’s stain prior to microscopic examination. Corbiculae were emptied onto slides and prepared for examination in a similar fashion. Pollen collected directly from anthers was used for comparison purposes. During the initial two-week flowering period of 2004, flower measurements were made either in the field or on freshly collected material returned to the laboratory. Flower mor- phometrics were based on measurements determined with an electronic digital vernier cal- iper to establish mean distance (mm) between style rays at the level of petal constriction (N = 50 flowers from 50 different plants, 250 distances total); mean width (mm) of petals at the level of the petal constriction (N = 50 flowers from 50 different plants, 250 widths total); mean height (mm) from the petal constriction (which creates a flat platform) to the sepal (N = 50 flowers from 50 different plants, 250 heights total); mean width (mm) of style ray at the level of petal constriction (N = 43 flowers from 43 different plants, 215 widths total); mean distance (mm) from anthers to umbraculum (height of style column) (N = 43 flowers from 43 different plants), and distance (mm) from the level of the indentation of the um- braculum to the stigma (N = 40 flowers from 40 different plants, 200 distances total). Stigma receptivity of 40 flowers (200 stigmas) of two age classes (newly opened or senes- cent flowers, as determined by monitoring as well as sepal, petal and stigma appearance, and pollen drop) was determined by the presence of stigma peroxidase enzymes using benzidine (Kearns and Inouye 1993). The presence of peroxidases is considered a positive indicator of stigma receptivity. Briefly, excised stigmas were soaked in watch glasses with fresh benzi- dine solution (1% benzidine in 60% ethanol:hydrogen peroxide:water, 4:11:22 by volume) and observed under a dissecting microscope for the development of blue coloration, a posi- tive reaction for peroxidases. RESULTS Bumblebees were located by their characteristic buzzing while in flight or within flowers. They were the first bees to become active in the mornings, likely due to their tolerance for + BARTONIA Table 1. Presence or absence of Sarracenia alata pollen on bees collected following visitation to flow- ers. Pollen was identified mi pically after preparation with Calberla’s stain based on comparison to pollen collected directly from Sarracenia anthers. wings thoracic pile abdominal pile corbeculae POS NEG POS NEG POS NEG POS NEG Apis mellifera 6 14 7 13 3 17 12 8 Bombus bimaculatus 19 1 19 1 20 0 16 4 cooler temperatures (Kearns and Thomson 2001). Seventy-two bumblebees were observed to visit an average of 12.45 (+ 20.36) flowers before returning to the nest or flying away from the study area. Mean duration of the 912 monitored visits was 17.37 (+ 19.87) seconds. Honeybees became active in the late morning, and did not become numerous at the study site until a week following anthesis. A fewer number were followed (N = 8) because they are not native pollinators and have evolved in geographic isolation from the plants. The mean number of flowers visited was 4.63 (+ 4.78) and mean duration was 54.60 (+ 79.42) seconds. Bumblebees h pollen deposited on their body surfaces upon exiting flowers than do honeybee surfaces that were observed to come into contact with the stigma (Table 1). Benzidine staining of stigmas indicates that S. alata flowers are receptive from the time the flowers open, with some stigmas remaining receptive until prior to or at the time of petal drop, 10 to 14 days after the flower opens (Table 2). Pollen is no longer released from the anthers at this time and the flowers assume a more erect presentation. Flower and bee morphometrics are presented in Table 3 (and see Fig. 1) and summarized in the Discussion. Table 2. Receptivity of Sarracenia alata stigmas from flowers of different ages (early anthesis versus late anthesis) based on benzidine staining for the presence of peroxidases. Positive (POS) sti m blue, indicating a receptive stigma; negative (NEG) stigmas have no color change, indicating a non- receptive stigma. Early and late anthesis flowers were determined by the (1) appearance of the sepals, (2) appearance of the petals, and (3) pigmentation (green or red) of the basal portion of the stigma at the point of I I ylera (see text). Newl F d fl h pend P Is while fl open 10 days or longer have reflexed sepals with wavy margins. As flowers age, the petals wrinkle until they ultimately drop from the flower. Receptive stigmas are green in color at the basal portion whereas non-receptive stigmas tend to be red in color at the basal portion. An individual flower may have receptive (green) and non-receptive (red) stigmas present at the same time. benzidine staining POS stigmas NEG stigmas green red reen e stigma stigma total stigma stigma total Early anthesis (N = 20 flowers, 100 stigmas) 89 0 89 11 0) 11 Late anthesis (N = 20 flowers, 100 stigmas) 13 22 35 5 60 65 POLLINATION OF SARRACENIA ALATA 5 Table 3. Morphometrics of Sarracenia alata, Bombus bimaculatus and Apis mellifera. Style ray gap is the width of the distance between two style rays. Width of petals is the measurement of a petal at the level of the fold, where tal bends over the indentation of the umbraculum. Petal-sepal distance is the distance from the petal fold to the overhanging sepal. Width of style ray is the width measured at the level of the petal fold; it is the pees of the ray | that extends above the enclosure created by the abo the level of the petal fold. Style column height is the length of the column measured from the dis to the umbraculum. See also Fig. 1. flower parameter Bombus Apis corresponding bee parameters hs if ep spi (Fig. 1, A) 7.64 + 0.64 3.58 + 0.17 Thorax width (mm) 8.68 + 0.37 3.86 + 0.29 Abdomen width (mm) Bb of pel (mm) (Fig. 1, B) 7.64 + 0.64 3.58 + 0.17 Thorax width (mm) 9.15 8.68 + 0.37 3.86 + 0.29 Abdomen width (mm) Petal- sepa sigan (mm) (Fig. 1, C) 7.87 + 0.59 3.94 + 0.36 Thorax thickness (mm) 69+ 6.31 + 0.44 3.12 + 0.13 Abdomen thickness (mm) Width ca is ray (mm) (Fig. 1, D) 7.64 + 0.64 3.58 + 0.17 Thorax width (mm) 8.68 + 0.37 3.86 + 0.29 Abdomen width (mm) Boe fold: sigm distance (mm) (Fig. 1, E) 8.06 + 0.78 3.17 + 0.18 Thorax length (mm) 4.01 +1.1 11.38 + 0.78 5.90 + 0.58 Abdomen length (mm) Style ais height (mm) 7.87 + 0.59 3.94 + 0.36 Thorax thickness (mm) A1+1.28 6.31 + 0.44 3.12 + 0.13 Abdomen thickness (mm) DISCUSSION The most common visitors to S. alata flowers were female bumblebees of a single species, Bombus bimaculatus, and the European honeybee, Apis mellifera (Fig. 2). Additional insect visitors included the pitcher plant fly, Sarcophaga sarraceniae, carpenter bees (Xylocopa spp-), paper wasps (Polistes spp.), megachilid bees, as well as other incidental and casual arthropod visitors. The pitcher plant moth, Exyra semicrocea, was commonly observed within the pitchers but never observed to visit flowers. Bumblebees and S. alata flowers would seem to have evolved in tandem based upon the relative size of the insects and the floral parts. Receptivity of S. alata flowers can be determined by their appearance, as verified by ben- zidine staining (Table 2). Stigmas become receptive around the time the petals open, with a decrease in receptivity until the time of petal drop. As flowers age, the sepals, normally pendant, begin to become slightly contorted, develop wavy margins, and reflex away from the umbraculum. In addition, the style rays change color at the point where the basilar portion of the stigma attaches, becoming a deep burgundy red to crimson. Non-receptive flowers lack petals. Sarracenia alata flowers are well adapted to pollination by large-bodied insects, specifi- cally bumblebees. In accordance with Mandossian (1965) and Schnell (1978a, 1983) working with S. purpurea and S. flava respectively, bumblebees were also found to be the likely primary pollinator of this species of pitcher plant. Unlike Schnell’s observations (1978a, 2002), bumblebees we observed visiting S. alata flowers invariably landed on a flower petal at the level of the constriction, Be thana sepal or the ‘marcos portion of a petal. The wien! t that forms a flat platform delineate by the petal and the overhanging sepal, an opening nanireenines twice the thickness of the bee’s thorax (Table 6 BARTONIA Figure 1. Flower of Sarracenia alata with morphometric parameters indicated. One sepal has been removed for clarity. A, style ray gap. B, width of petals. C, petal-sepal distance. D, width of style ray. E, petal fold-stigma distance. Small arrowheads indicate slits made by foraging Xylocopa spp. for “nec- tar robbing.” Large arrowhead indicates stigma. See also Table 3. 3, petal-sepal distance). The width of this opening ranges from an average of 9.15 mm at the petal fold (Schnell [1978b] reports 14 mm but his material had been pressed flat) to 12.73 mm between the style rays (Table 3, width of petals and style ray gap). This floral measurement is 1.5 to 5.1 mm wider than the thorax of a bee and 0.47 to 4.1 mm wider than the abdomen. In contrast, the smaller honeybee has almost 10 mm more height clearance for the thorax and 5.6 to 9.2 mm more width clearance for the abdomen. After landing on the petal, the bee typically entered a flower’s interior by pushing beneath / a style ray into a triangular gap formed by the overlapping petal margins. The lateral surface of the bumblebee readily contacted the stigma entering by this means, as the vertical distance of the stigma from the level of the petal roll is approximately twice the width of the thorax or abdomen (Table 3, petal fold-stigma distance). The mean width of honeybees is less than the petal fold-stigma distance, making it unlikely that there is contact with any pollen on the surface of the bee. Bumblebees were observed to visit unopened flowers, pushing their way inside by crawling under the style and pulling the petals aside. The stigma is recurved toward the style, and the villous portion is somewhat shielded by the apex, possibly interfering with pollen collection. This morphology does, however, make the stigma an effective rake for pollen removal from a bee upon exit from the flower. POLLINATION OF SARRACENIA ALATA 7 ee a ee Figure 2. Bombus bimaculatus on the landing platform of Sarracenia alata formed by the recurved petal. Once inside the flower, the bees forage for nectar and pollen. If the bee is on the tops of the anthers, the dorsum of a bumblebee is within 1.5 mm of the umbraculate cup and that of a honeybee is within 5.5 mm, exclusive of the additional height not accounted for by the legs. The dorsal pile of the bumblebee “scrapes” this surface repeatedly and, if circling along the sides, its wings drag in the pollen that has accumulated on this surface. Eighty percent of collected bumblebees had Sarracenia pollen in their corbeculae, 95% had nite on the dor- sal surface of their wings and thoracic pile, and 100% had pollen in the abdominal pile. Honeybees do not baci contact the inner surface of the umbrella and had less pollen deposited on their body surfaces: 30% were positive on their wings onene aan de- posits were very scant), 35% on the thorax, and 15% on the abdomen (Ta Bumblebee exit is in agreement with Schnell’s (1978a) observations cer pollination 8 BARTONIA of S. flava. Bees exited by one of three routes: (1) headfirst, crawling inverted straight upward from between the petals and beneath the style ray, (2) crawling sideways from the same opening toward the landing platform, or (3) by the lifting of a petal overhanging an indentation in the umbrella. Departure methods (1) and (2) always resulted in contact with the stigma and, because of its structure, the stigma acted as a curled finger pulled through one’s hair, except that the bee pulled its wings or pile across the surface of the stigma. The wings of collected bumblebees had heavy deposits of pollen on their dorsal surfaces and, we speculate, are the most likely source of pollen pollinating the flowers. Honeybees had more difficulty exiting S. alata flowers, typically leaving by method (2), and were often observed to chew slits at the petal folds to allow easier egress from the interior. Size and mode of exit, as well as low surface deposition of pollen grains, precludes ready transfer of pollen to the stigma. Xylocopa spp. were observed to visit S. alata flowers. Although specimens approximate Bombus bimaculatus in size, we never observed these bees entering flowers. Quite to the contrary, these bees were observed to cut slits in the flower petals at the bases, allowing them to forage for nectar from the outside of the corolla (“nectar robbing” [Kearns and Thomson 2001]). Other species of bees (including A. mellifera) and wasps were also observed feeding via these slits. In summary, flowers of S. alata are not protandrous. Pollen was observed to be shed into the umbraculate cup on the first day of anthesis, a trait also observed in S. flava (Schnell 1983). Stigmas become receptive at the same time as pollen release and at least some remain receptive until the petals drop and pollen release has ceased. Bumblebees are attracted to the flowers by odor, sight, or a combination of both factors (Kearns and Thomson 2001), and have the ability to pollinate flowers upon entering or exiting the umbraculum. Following pollination, the flowers undergo morphologic changes that include the sepals reflexing away from the corolla and developing wavy margins, development of a red pigmentation at the stigmatic attachment, a lengthening of the stigma itself, and finally the loss of the petals. The flowers frequently become more erect following anthesis when the scape elongates un- equally at the crook (downward bend). We suggest these plants are primarily self-pollinating, due to the structure of the stigma, the rather dense accumulation of pollen on the upper wing surfaces and within the pile of the pollinator, the mode of exit, and the timing of pollen drop and stigma receptivity. Bees have a tendency to climb to the top of the flower upon exiting to clean their wings and pile of adherent pollen, decreasing the odds of xenogamy and geitonogamy. Self-pollination could help explain the development and persistence of morphotypes such as the “stock, hairy” variant of Alabama (Schnell 2002) even though Sheridan and Karowe (2000) showed, at least in S. flava, that the largest seed sets and the most viable seeds are obtained by cross- pollination. Furthermore, due to the geographic isolation of S. alata, it is likely that the pollinator of this species, a bumblebee, is representative of the pollinators of all remaining species of Sarracenia for which pollination biology studies have not been performed. “Flower constancy” (Kearns and Thomson 2001) of Bombus tends to keep them in the vi- cinity of the ramets, as observed by us, so that if self-pollination does not occur, geito- nogamy within the genet is the next most likely alternative. This could explain the occur- rence of distinct populations identified in this species, for example, in bogs where plants exhibit areoles in the trap leaves, and could possibly have contributed to speciation within the genus. POLLINATION OF SARRACENIA ALATA 9 LITERATURE CITED Boor, M. S AND A. GASPARD. 2004. News and views. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 33: 75. Burg, C. A. 1979. The pollination ecology of Sarracenia purpurea in Cranberry Bog, Webridge, Ver- mont (Addison Co.). Master’s thesis, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont. 60 pp. CorRELL, D. S. AND M. C. JOHNSTON. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. 1881 pp. GLEASON, H. A. AND A. CRONQUIST. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants oh smarnons United States and Adjacent Canada, 2™4 edition. The New York Botanical Garden. B KEARNS, C. A. AND D. W. INOUYE. 1993. Flowers. Pp. 67-71 in Techniques = Poilasion Biologists, University Press of Colorado, Niwot KEARNS, C. A. AND J. D. THOMSON. 2001. Foraging behavior. Pp. 29-37 in The Natural History of Bumblebees: a Sourcebook for Investigators, University Press of Colorado, Boulder. MANDOSSIAN, J. 1965. Some aspects of the ecological life history of Sarracenia purpurea. Ph.D. dis- sertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 161 pp. NICHOLS, M. L. 1908. The development of the pollen of Sarracenia. Botanical Gazette 45: 31-37. RADFORD, A. E., H. E. AHLES AND C. R. BELL. 1968. an of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 118 RHoaps, A. F. AND T. A. BLOCK. 2000. The Plants of uae an Illustrated Manual. University of Pennsylvania Press, ily 8 ae PP. SCHNELL, D. E. 1978a peci ion in eastern North Carolina. Castanea 43:1 20. SCHNELL, D. E. aber i, ice flower aude a sien L. Castanea 43: 211-220. SCHNELL, D. E. 1983 L. (Sarraceniaceae) in the Piedmont province of North Pn Rhodora 85: 405-4 SCHNELL, D. E. 2002. Carnivorous Plants of the tne) States and Canada, 2™ edition. Timber Press, Portland, eee 468 pp. SHERIDAN, P. M. AND D. N. KAROWE. 2000. Inbreeding, outbreeding, and heterosis in the yellow pitcher plant, eee flava (Sarraceniaceae), in Virginia. American Journal of Botany 87: 1628- J 1633 SMALL, . K. 1933. Manual of the Southeastern Flora. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 1554 pp. Bartonia No. 63: 11-28, 2006 Vascular Flora of the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, Northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. BRIAN L. ANACKER! AND CHAD D. KIRSCHBAUM? ‘Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616 blanacker@ucdavis.edu ? Wayne National Forest, Ironton Ranger District, 6518 State Route 93, Pedro, Ohio 45659 chkirschbaum@fs.fed.us ABSTRACT. A summary is presented of the vascular flora of the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative, located in McKean County, Pennsylvania, in the Allegheny National Forest (66%) and on adjacent private and public lands (34%). The flora is based on observations and collections made between May and August, 2001 and 2003. In total, 305 species in 181 genera and 66 families were recorded in “si 30,628- ha b study ares The largest families are Cyperaceae (38 species), Poaceae (34 species), and A e Carex Sa species), Viole (7 species), and Aster sensu ae (7 species’: Of all taxa recneled, 15% arenon-native of occurrence, growth form, whether native to Pennsylvania, and regional ‘wetland status for each taxon, is included as an apioesilii This list documents the baseline floristic conditions of an area that will be monitored over ten years as land managers attempt to mitigate the impacts of white-tailed deer on forest health. INTRODUCTION The Kinzua Quality Deer Cnepeaye (KQDC) consists of 30,628 ha located in McKean County i in northwestern Pennsy (between 41°45’ to 42°00’ N and 78°37’ to 78°55’ W) in the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau (Keys et al. 1995) be 1). Sixty-six percent of the study area is located on the Allegheny National Forest (ANF), with the remaining 34% divided among private and public lands adjacent to the ANF: 16% Bradford City Water Authority, 13% Commonwealth Forest Investments, 4% Kane Hardwood, a Collins Pine Company, and ~1% RAM Forest Products. The vegetation on the ANF is comprised predominantly of forest communities, mainly variants of the northern hardwoods group (70%), including Allegheny hardwoods at mature stages of development with less frequent occurrences of stands dominated by Tsuga canadensis and Quercus spp. (Alerich et al. 1993). The land of the KQDC is managed for multiple uses including timber harvesting, recreation (primarily hunting), and oil, gas, and mineral recovery. The study area has a humid temperate climate typified by temperatures averaging 2°C in January and 22°C in July, a growing season averaging 120 days, and annual net precipitation of 107 cm (Cronce and Ciolkosz 1985; Kingsley 1985; McNab and Avers 1994). The geology consists of plateau-like tion ranging from 319 to 690 m above sea level) with dstone and shale that are strongly acidic and relatively poor in fertility soils derived from Manuscript submitted 14 June 2004; revised 14 October 2005. 11 iz BARTONIA [*} KQDC (| grid square Figure 1. Locations of the sampling grid squares in relation to the boundaries of a aa ee ee the 30,628-ha Kinzua Quality Deer Co- operative (KQDC), McKean County, kilometers Pennsylvania. (Ciolkosz et al. 1970). Floristically rich microsites occasionally are found on lower slopes and valley noe Soemeucs et al. 2000 The KQDC is j ized by aconsortium of land managers attempting to mitigate the effects of white- eit deer (Odocoileus virgi- nianus Zimm.) on forest health. Damage to forest ecosystems from browsing by white-tailed deer has been documented to include reductions in the abundance of preferred woody spe- cies, alterations in the number, size, and reproductive status of herbaceous species, and the spread of invasive species (Leopold et al. 1947; Hough 1965; Alverson et al. 1988; DeGraaf et al. 1991; Anderson 1994; Balgooyen and Waller 1995; McShea et al. 1997; Ruhren and Han- del 2000; Vellend 2002; Horsley et al. 2003; Kirschbaum and Anacker 2005). Adaptive manage- ment objectives include reducing deer density through increased hunting pressure and hunting success and restoration of plant species evenness and reproductive success. a bid Saaipe nent of this project is ecological monitoring of plant community density over time ne (Dzemyan et al. 2000; Kirschbaum and Anacker 2005). The purpose of this paper ist d frequency of vascular plant species found in the KQDC study area at ita beginning of the adaptive management project. These data will serve as a baseline for future assessments of the effects of reducing deer impacts on plant communities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sampling occurred between 15 May and 20 August in 2001 and 2003 (175 field days total) and was performed by the authors and four field assistants. The sample design consisted of 26 randomly selected 1.6-km? grid squares (Fig. 2), each containing 6 plots spaced 400 m from the center of the square and a seventh at the center. The azimuth to the first outer plot FLORA OF THE KINZUA QUALITY DEER COOPERATIVE 13 A grid square (1.6 km’) ~1,265 m Figure 2. cranes monitoring plot layout ~56.4 cm (see tex in a selected square was chosen at random; the others were located by incrementing the azimuth by 60 degrees. Each 1,253-m? plot had four 1-m* circular subplots, placed 25 m from the center point of the plot in the cardinal directions (Figs. 2 and 3). A total of 168 plots and 672 subplots were sampled. The grid squares were located predominately within Alle- gheny hardwood and northern hardwood stands with some stands in areas dominated by Quercus spp. or Tsuga canadensis. Areas of non-forested habitat, high road density, resource extraction activity, or human settlement were avoided. Figure 3. Center point of a moni- toring subplot (black circle). The white poles delineate a larger subplot not used in this study. 14 BARTONIA In 2001, all vascular plants within 1-m* subplots (total area: 4 m? per plot) were identified. In 2003, a whole-plot survey (entire 1,253-m? area of plots) was added to increase detection of plant species present in the study area (see Figs. 2 and 4). The plots were traversed sys- tematically until all plant species present were identified or collected (in the case of taxo- nomically difficult specimens). Collected specimens were later identified in the laboratory or sent for annotation to local flora and taxonomic group experts, including Todd Ristau (U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Lab, Irvine, Pennsylvania) and Tony Reznicek (MICH). In addition to these collections, voucher specimens were collected for less common species as well as for many common species, as time permitted. Voucher specimens were collected for 53% of all species encountered. Subsequent field seasons will allow for collection of the remaining species. We occasionally identified specimens only to the genus level due to a lack of diagnostic characters (e.g., Amelanchier, Crataegus). The bulk of the voucher specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the Forestry Sciences Lab in Irvine and the remainder at the herbarium of University of Wisconsin, Madison (WIS). The field protocols are detailed in Anacker et al. (2003). A complete species list was compiled and family designations were added. Frequency of species occurrence was calculated as the percentage of plots where the species occurred of the total number of plots sampled for the 2003 data set (N = 147). Overstory tree data were Figure 4. A whole-plot survey consisted of identifying all species present in the 1,253-m/? plot area (see Fig. 2). The predominance of ferns and lack of a shrub layer is attributed to the long-term presence of a high deer population. FLORA OF THE KINZUA QUALITY DEER COOPERATIVE 15 Table 1. Forest cover types of the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative (typ from Marquis and Ernst 1992). # of plots % of plots Northern hardwoods 93 55.4 Allegheny hardwoods 55 32.7 Transitional hardwoods 5 3.0 Hemlock-hardwoods 4 2.4 Oak-hickory 3 1.8 Unclassifiable 8 4.8 Total 168 100.0 classified by forest cover type using SILVAH (Marquis and Ernst 1992) for the 2001 plots and by field observation for plots new in 2003 (SILVAH analysis pending). The source of additional species information, including origin, growth form, duration, and wetland status (Reed 1988), was Rhoads and Block (2000). Species rarity and county records were obtained from the herbaria of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM) and the Morris Arbo- retum, University of Pennsylvania (MOAR), and from Rhoads and Block (2000). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The forest cover type of the plots is mainly northern hardwoods (55.4%) and Allegheny hardwoods (32.7%), with some transitional hardwoods, hemlock hardwoods, and oak- hickory (Table 1). We recorded 305 : ioe of vascular plants 1 in 181 genera and = families (Table 2 and Appendix). Of these, 15.1% (46 species) d species, 83.0% (253) are native, and 2.0% (6) are unclassified (identified se to genus). Of ie Setrischuinedd species, only one occurs on more than 5% of the plots: Milium effusum at 15%. None of the species are classified as federal noxious weeds (U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service 2004). These numbers suggest that the study plots are fairly free of non-native plants. The majority of the families, genera, and species are dicots. Families with the most representa- tives are Cyperaceae (38 species, 3 genera), Poaceae (34 species, 22 genera), and Asteraceae (22 species, 11 genera). Other families with numerous representatives include Rosaceae (21 species), Liliaceae sensu Jato (i.e., including Alliaceae, Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthia- Table 2. Summary of the Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative vascular flora. Clubmosses, ferns and horsetails Conifers Dicots Monocots Total % of total Families 9 1 50 6 66 _ Genera 16 2 119 44 181 - Species 22 2 180 101 3 Native species 22 2 140 89 253 83.0 Introduced species 0 0 35 11 46 15.1 Origin unresolved* 0 0 5 1 6 2.0 *Taxa identified to genus only. 16 BARTONIA Table 3. Summary of Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative vascular plant species by growth form. # of species % of species Herbaceous perennial 225 73.8 Deciduous tree 27 8.8 Herb u | 20 6.6 Deciduous shrub 18 5.9 Herbaceous biennial 5 1.6 Perennial herbaceous vine 4 1.3 Woody vine 3 1.0 Evergreen tree 2 OF Evergreen shrub 1 0.3 Total 305 100.0 ceae, and Ruscaceae; 16 species), and Ranunculaceae (13 species) (see Appendix). The most common growth forms are herbaceous perennial (73.8%), deciduous tree (8.9%), herba- ceous annual (6.6%), and deciduous shrub (5.9%) (Table 3). Of the species that have been classified by regional wetland status (72% of the total; see Table 4), upland and facultative upland species (FACU+, FACU, FACU-, UPL) make up the highest percentage (41.6%), followed by those that are equally likely to be found in uplands or wetlands (FAC+, FAC, Table 4. Summary of the regional wetland status of Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative vascular plant species. Classifications are from Reed (1988). Wetland status* # of species % of species % of species* Obligate wetland 23 7S 10.5 Facultative wetland + 10 3.3 4.6 Facultative wetland 28 99 12.8 Facultative wetland — 7 25 52 Facultative + 9 3.0 4.1 Facultative 39 12:8 178 Facultative — 11 3.6 5.0 Facultative upland + 4 1.3 1.8 Facultative upland 60 19.7 27.4 Facultative upland — 27 8.9 23 Obligate upland 1 0.3 0.5 Unclassified Not applicable 7 yp B: _ Not available 79 25.9 — Total 305 100.0 100.0 *Wetland status refers to the estimated probability of a species occurring in wetlands under natural conditions: obligate wetland species, 99%, facultative wetland species, 67-99%, facultative species, 34-66%, facultative upland species, 1-33%, and obligate upland species, 1%. “+” and “—” characters represent a tendency towards the wetter and drier part, respectively, of the probability range. Not applicable: Taxa that were identified to genus only. Not available: Have not yet been assigned wetland indicator status. *Recalculated excluding unclassified taxa. FLORA OF THE KINZUA QUALITY DEER COOPERATIVE 17 FAC-; 26.9%), facultative eee species (FACW+, FACW, FACW-; 20.6%), and obli- gate wetland species (OBL; %). The 15 most frequently odes species on the KQDC are native woody or herbaceous perennials (Table 5). Four of the 15 are deciduous trees. Three of the 10 most frequent taxa are ferns. The high frequency of ferns reflects the presence of areas of extensive fern domi- nance, termed “fern yards” (see Fig. 4). Such areas are often inferred to be an effect of high deer impact (Tilghman 1989; Horsley et al 2003). Based on herbarium records at MOAR and CM, several species that we observed in the KQDC monitoring plots are first-time records for McKean County. These species include Agrostis hyemalis, Cardamine parviflora, Carex gracilescens, Phryma leptostachya, Poa lan- guida, Ranunculus allegheniensis, and Streptopus amplexifolius (see Appendix). A voucher specimen for A. hyemalis has been collected but the remaining species will be vouchered in future years of this study. Several rare species have been noted in the KQDC monitoring area. Actaea rubra is not rare or endangered, but it is on a watch list of uncommon species, and has not previously been reported for McKean County (S. Grund, personal communication). We have identified it in three monitoring plots, but Actaea spp. are rarely observed in flower or fruit in this area (likely due to herbivory by deer) and therefore these identifications were based on leaf pu- bescence. Platanthera hookeri is listed as endangered in Pennsylvania, but like Actaea spp., Platanthera spp. rarely bloom in McKean County. Identification of Platanthera hookeri (found in 11 plots) was based on leaf length and shape. Poa languida, proposed for threat- ened status in Pennsylvania, is difficult to distinguish from Poa saltuensis, and has recently Table 5. The 15 most frequent plants in Kinzua Quality Deer Cooperative sampling plots. Growth form categories: HP = herbaceous perennial; sD = deciduous shrub (including seedlings); TD = decidu- ous tree (including seedlings). growth freq (%) species common name family group orm i Dryopteris intermedia intermediate woodfern = Polypodiaceae _fern HP (Muhl.) Gray 94.6 Acer rubrum L. red maple Sapindaceae dicot TD 91.2 Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American beech Fagaceae dicot TD 912 Prunus serotina black cherry Rosaceae dicot TD 86.3 Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower Ruscaceae monocot HP Desf. 85.0 Acer pensylvanicum L. striped maple Sapindaceae dicot nD) 85.0 Brachyelytrum erectum bearded desesinl Poaceae monocot HP (Schreb.) Beauv 81.6 Dennstaedtia punctilobula hay-scented fern Polypodiaceae _ fern HP (Michx.) T. Moore 81.0 Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern Polypodiaceae _ fern HP (L.) Nieuwl. 78.9 Amelanchier sp. serviceberry Rosaceae icot SD 78.9 Medeola virginiana L. Indian cucumber-root Liliaceae monocot HP 75.5 Carex debilis Michx. white-edge sedge Cyperaceae monocot HP 735 Carex communis Bailey fibrous-root sedge Cyperaceae monocot HP 72.1 Viola blanda Willd sweet white violet Violaceae dicot HP 71.4 Mitchella repens L. partridge-berry Rubiaceae dicot HP 18 BARTONIA been proposed to be a subspecies of the latter (Haines 2004). A voucher specimen for this species or subspecies has not been prepared for the KQDC but has been noted in one plot. Streptopus amplexifolius, an endangered species in Pennsylvania, distinguished from the more common species S. rosea by its clasping leaf bases and glabrous nodes, has been found in three plots. Because of the rarity of these species, we have not collected them on our monitoring plots. In future monitoring years however, efforts will be made to photograph these plants for verification. In this paper we have documented the baseline floristic conditions of an area that has received substantial impact from white-tailed deer over the last 60 years (Hough 1965; Red- ding 1995). The plant community will be resurveyed several times over ten years using the plots described here. If changes in deer density are realized during this time span, these monitoring data may reflect changes in the responses that are correlated with changes in deer impact. Such responses may include alterations in species richness and species evenness of both shrub and herb layers, as well as reduction of fern yard occurrence and reestablishment of species facing local extirpation such as Viburnum lantanoides (Hough 1965). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank Kevin McAleese of the Sand County Foundation, who was instrumental in the initiation, operation, and completion of the project. We would also like to acknowledge our field assistants Tim Bischoff, Sarah Farley, Rebecca Schultze, and Vero- nique VanGheem. We are grateful for the taxonomic expertise of Todd Ristau and Tony Reznicek. Invaluable support and resources were made available by Susan Stout, the staff at the Northeastern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Lab, and Open Sesame Locksmithing. We are thankful for manuscript reviews by Susan S. Stout, Todd Ristau, Steve Grund, Roger Latham, and an anonymous reviewer. Funding was provided by the Bradley Fund for the Environment of the Sand County Foundation, the Vira I. Heinz Endowment, and the Na- tional Fish and Wildlife Foundation. LITERATURE CITED ALERICH, C. L. 1993. Forest statistics for Pennsylvania—1978 and 1989. Resource Bulletin NE-126. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, Pennsylvania. 244 pp. ALVERSON, W.S.,D.M. WALLER AND S. L. SOLHEIM. 1988. Forests too deer: edge effects in northern Wisconsin. Conservation Biology 2: 348-358. ANACKER, B. L., D. DECALESTA, B. HAGLUND, A. HANEY, C. D. KIRSCHBAUM, K. MCALEESE, C. SCOTT AND S. STOUT. 2003. Field i ions f logical itoring of quality hunting ecolo (KQDC) demonstration areas, Revision 2.3, December 2003. Sand County Foundation, Madison, Wisconsin. 31 pp. ANDERSON, R. C. 1994. Height of white-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) as an index of deer rowsing intensity. Ecological Applications 4: 104-109. BALGOOYEN, C. P. AND D. M. WALLER. 1995. The use of Clintonia borealis and other indicators to gauge impacts of white-tailed deer on plant communities in northern Wisconsin, U.S.A. Natural Areas Journal 15: 308-318. CIOLKOSzZ, E. J., R. W. RANNEY, G. W. PETERSEN, R. L. CUNNINGHAM AND R. P. MATELSKI. 1970. Characteristics, interpretations, and uses of Pennsylvania soils. Warren County Progress Report 306. Pennsylvania State University, College of Agriculture, Agriculture Experiment Station, Uni- versity Park, Pennsylvania. 63 pp. FLORA OF THE KINZUA QUALITY DEER COOPERATIVE 19 CRONCE, R. C. AND E. J. CIOLKOSZ. 1983. Soils of the Allegheny National Forest. Pp. 8-21 in L. R. Auchmoody, E. Cioloosz, K. Cronce and N. Johnson (eds.), Proceedings of the Northeastern For- est Soils Conference, Warren, Pennsylvania DEGRAAF, R. M., W. H. HEALY AND R. T. BROOKS. 1991. Effects of thinning and _ browsing on breeding eee in New England oak woodlands. rag Ecology and Man : 149-191, DZEMYAN, J., K. KANE, K. MCALEESE, B.B. NELSON, T. PIERSON AND B. "PULLER. “2000. Kinzua pear Deer Gabe: management plan, Tes 2000. Sand County Foundation, Madison, Wis- consin. 5 pp. GLEASON, H. A. AND A. CRONQUIST. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New HAINES, A. 2004. New Combination in Poa. Botaitical Notes 10: 1-5. (www.woodlotalt.com/ pulbications/publications.htm). Houch, A. F. 1965. A twenty-year record of understory vegetation change in a virgin Pennsylvania forest. Ecology 46: 370-373. Hors LEY, S. B., R. P. LONG, S. W. BAILEY, R. A. HALLETT AND T. J. HALL. 2000. Factors associated with the decline disease of sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau. Canadian Journal of Forest Re- search 30: 1365-1378. HorsLey, S. B, $.1 L. STOUT AND D. S. DECALESTA. 2003. White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest. Ecological Applications 13: 98-118. KEYS, J. E., JR., C. A. CARPENTER, S. L. HOOKS, F. G. KOENIG, W. H. MCNAB, W. E. RUSSELL AND M-L SMITH. 1995. Ecological Units of the Eastern United States: First Approximation. U.S. De- partment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina. CD-Rom in ARCINFO, map and descriptions. KINGSLEY, N. P. 1985. A forester’s atlas of the Northeast. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service General Technical Report NE-95. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall, Pennsylvania. 96 KIRSCHBAUM, C. D. AND B. L. ANACKER. 2005. The utility of Trillium and Maianthemum as phyto- indicators of deer impact in northwestern Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Forest Ecology and Management : 54-66. LEOPOLD, A., L. K. SOWLS AND D. L. SPENCER. 1947. A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the United States. Journal of Wildlife Management 11: 162-177. MARQUIS, D. A. AND R. L. ERNST. 1992. User’ s k paid to SILVAH: stand analysis, prescription, and t f the Alleghenies. General Technical Report NE-162. USS. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, Pennsylvania. 124 pp. McNas, W. H. AND P. E. AVERS (compilers). 1994. Ecological subregions of the United States: section descriptions. Administrative Publication WO-WSA-5. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington D.C. 267 MCSHEA, W. J., H. B. UNDERWOOD "AND J. H. RAPPOLE. 1997. The Science of nian Deer Ecology and Population Management. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 402 pp. PENNSYLVANIA FLORA PROJECT. 2004. Pennsylvania Flora Project database. (A. F. Rhoads ne pF 5 ock, eds.; www.paflora.org). Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. REDDING, J. 1995. History of deer population trends and forest cutting on the Allegheny National Forest. Pp. 214-224 in K. W. Gottschalk and S. C. L. Fosbroke (eds.), Proceedings, Tenth Central Hardwood Forest Conference. U.S.D.A. Forest Service eas Technical Report NE-197. North- eastern Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, Pennsylvan REED, P. B., JR. 1988. National list of plant species mare occur in wetlands: Northeast (Region 1). Bichasical Repo 88 (26.1). U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washing- ton, D.C. 1 RHOADS, A. F. eee A. BLOCK. 2000. The ssi si Pennsylvania: an Illustrated Manual. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. 1061 p 20 BARTONIA RUHREN, S. AND S. N. HANDEL. 2000. Considering herbivory, reproduction, and gender when moni- toring plants: a case study of jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum [L.] Schott). Natural Areas Journal 20: 261-266. TILGHMAN, N. G. 1989. Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsyl- vania. Journal of Wildlife Management 53: 524-532. U.S. ARMY CorPs OF ENGINEERS. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetland delineation manual. Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mis- sissippi. 100 pp. + appendices. U.S.D.A. NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. VELLEND, M. 2002. A pest and an invader: white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm.) as a seed dispersal agent for honeysuckle shrubs (Lonicera L.). Natural Areas Journal 22: 230-234. Appendix. Annotated checklist of the vascular plants on Kinzua Quality Deer Co perati pling including maj ic divisions, frequency of occurrence, growth form, whether native (N) or introduced (I) to Pennsylvania, and regional wetland indicator status. Growth form codes: herbaceous annual; HB = herbaceous biennial; HP = herbaceous perennial; SD = deciduous shrub; SE = evergreen shrub; TD = deciduous tree; TE = evergreen tree; VP = perennial herbaceous vine; VW = woody vine. Wetland indicator status codes: OBL = obligate wetland; FACW = facultative wetland; FAC = facultative; FACU = facultative upland; UPL = obligate upland; N = not available (indicator status has yet to be applied); NA = not applicable (species is not identified below the genus level); see Table 4 footnotes for interpretation of wetland indicator status. Nomenclature follows the Pennsyl- vania Flora Project (2005); where they differ, the names used by Gleason and Cronquist (1991) are in parentheses. freq. growth _native/ wetland group family species (%) form introd. _ ind. status Equisetophyta, Filicophyta, Lycopodiophyta Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. <1 HP N FAC Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dill.) 21.1 HP N Holub (= Lycopodium d. Dill.) Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) 38.8 HP N FACW- Trevisan (= Lycopodium lucidulum Michx Lycopodium annotinum L. 12.2 HP N FAC Lycopodium clavatum L sie) HP N FAC Lycopodium obscurum L. 59.2 HP N FACU Ophioglossaceae — Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. 4.1 HP N FACU Osmundaceae Osmunda cinnamomea L. 24.5 HP N FACW Osmunda claytoniana L. 27) HP N FAC Polypodiaceae Adiantum pedatum L. 1.4 HP N FAC- Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth <1 HP N FAC Dennstaedtia punctilobula 81.6 HP N N (Michx.) T. Moore Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) <1 HP N FAC+ H.P. Fuchs Dryopteris goldiana (Hook.) <1 HP N FAC+ Gray Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.) 97.3 HP N FAC Gray Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray 3.4 HP N FACU- Onoclea sensibilis L. 8.8 HP N FACW FLORA OF THE KINZUA QUALITY DEER COOPERATIVE 21 Appendix (cont’d) freq. growth native/ wetland group family species (%) form __introd. __ ind. status Phegopteris hexagonoptera 1 HP N FAC Michx.) Fee (= Thelypteris h. [Michx.] Weatherby) Polypodium virginianum L 10.2 HP N N Polystichum acrostichoides 35.4 HP N N (Michx.) Schott Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn 20 HP N FACU Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) 81.0 HP N FAC Coniferophyta _ Pinaceae Pinus strobus L. 6.1 TE N FACU Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. 46.9 TE N FACU Magnoliophyta: Magnoliopsida aceae Sambucus racemosa L. 22.4 SD N FACU Samb densis L. 1.4 SD N FACW- Viburnum lantanoides Michx. <1 SD N FAC (= V. alnifolium Marsh.) Apiaceae Cicuta sp 1 HP N OBL psa ‘li (Michx.) 27 HP N FACU- Clar Aquifoliaceae Ilex montana ‘(orr. & Gray) 24.5 SD N N Gray raceae Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott 52.4 HP N FACW-— Araliaceae Aralia anon <1 HP N FACU Aralia spinosa L <1 TD N FAC Panax tri 75 HP N N Asteraceae sy aeons enn (L.) R.M.King 14 HP N N on (= Eupatorium ass ae Bidens sp 1.4 HA NA Cirsium arvense (L.) Sco <1 HP I FACU Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. <1 HB I FACU Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. a7 HA N FACU (= E. hieraciifolia [L.] Raf.) Eupatorium perfoliatum <1 HP N FACW+ urybia divaricata (L.) Nesom 40.1 HP N N = Aster divaricatus L.) Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass tt 8 Pade a. fetanical Ap Le Hy hers. Lleud, Leg, P coewes iad, avett—aettherer i felonging t the Counts of inks, frosiic te ei postal fang le: It tai Lowey bears omg > me [S9/ ert ao c1Bs inde and | PTIIA tT 4 | Pee ‘ ee a a hinkete ures, uk eller thrtcts.hetrn alban ne ; gee ee i fs itlaud is Cmniiderabhl. tntesil: M- he ~~ * heaee tae . Fepecntte fren wisited Da. AE Prey cr. Rigg x 4 ae 5 long ther Brlemare, Spay ta thal bataninls ut! weir attlec tng, ‘tials tite, flee Mert Brae —___ ei y As pict. 2, wWhiets pprearats2ll Le. ; Ler e. ery ¥ @ St Moracteristicn yy ae ee on Dasa aecdidte, ¢ Vartidgs, Yea. _ z 3 : re rm amas antius, L Miand- Sunflewtr, rote s istend Leah ate trove hl ty the flask ay é ae i fe . els, and epostted Riese Lhe S ote “A ae Cicwn, Lid: A Skul — seer eR saline Hay nina tp, ihe sn. teinn.. Me, (eet eal Rla lene ane Mas Gar Matai AE Plants Freon fi ests Calle, Uanivum capillare,t Qld-unitel ps: ae does 2r04-ratoar plat oct, anc the. bul 3 Sr Mbernid hericed, Qthy Corscol, Mrnidinenihic® $f :--taa brermae partly 6 with au. almost! 18 Ptanisparenum Comadunse, L Prrsrraced Figure 1. The beginning of the Wykers Island floral list, from John Ruth’s botanical notes. predators, parasites, and herbivores have been incapable of regulating many of the newcom- ers’ populations. Other relatively recent human influences, including land-use fragmenta- b ing by ung lented high deer populations, acid rain, and wildfire suppres- sion, have resulted in a host of indirect effects on plant community composition. Today, as interest grows in probing these processes with the tools of modern scientific experimenta- tion and in restoring certain “natural” ecosystems, the rare, early snapshots of native plant communities become more and more valuable. The brothers John A. Ruth (1859-1918) and Harvey F. Ruth (1866-1904), amateur bota- nists who lived in northern Bucks County, Pennsylvania, were ahead of their time in their keen observations of habitat differences in plant species composition. As detailed in an ear- lier issue of Bartonia (White and Rhoads 1996), their botanical pursuits included John’s meticulous accounts of their finds ina series of notebooks begun in 1881, when he was 22 and his brother was 16 (Ruth 1881-1917; see Figure 1). Despite their youth and amateur status, the Ruth brothers quickly cultivated a network of professional botanists who were their frequent correspondents and field companions. Their identification worthy because they were in the habit of sending difficul i tion, s were regarded as trust- to eminent botanists for FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 31 confirmation, including Thomas C. Porter (professor at Lafayette College and author of the first statewide flora of Pennsylvania, published posthumously in 1903), who was another pioneer in the plant geography of our region. The Ruths’ finds were incorporated by others into county-wide and state-wide floras (Benner 1932; Porter 1903) but we have found no evidence that any of their notes, which are in the archives of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia, have ever been published. We were particularly struck by six notebook entries from January 1884 to October 1887 in which John Ruth recounted the brothers’ visits to Wykers Island, now called Lynn Island, in the Delaware River at the Narrows below Nockamixon Cliffs (see Figures 2 and 3). This eyewitness account has special interest today because it is extraordinarily thorough for its time and because by now much of the region’s riparian vegetation has been severely altered by invasive exotics, deer browsing, and other factors that have changed a great deal since the 1880s. In 1884-1887, the Ruths identified 197 vascular plant species on the island, 166 native to the region and 31 introduced from Eurasia. They made no comment indicating that any of the non-native species were abundant. A survey in 1992 by Pam White and Ann Rhoads included 155 taxa, 111 native to the region and 44 introduced, including just 51 of the species identified more than 100 years earlier by the Ruths (see Appendix). Of the 51 species com- mon to both lists, only 5 are introduced — ~Barbarea vulgaris sera wintercress), Daucus carota (Queen Anne’s-lace), H ohn’s- -wort), Linaria vul- garis (butter- and- -eggs) and Plantago major (broad- leaved cree a none is considered an invasive pest species. According to White and Rhoads (1996), “Today the herbaceous flora of much of the island’s interior is dominated by exotics such as Alliaria petiolata, Anthriscus sylvestris, Hesperis matronalis, Microstegium vimineum, Lonicera japonica, Lamium pur- pureum, Glechoma hederacea, Allium vineale and Polygonum cuspidatum [Fallopia ja- ponica], none of which were reported 100 be ago.” Here we present the Ruths’ notebook ent s of Wyk- ers Island in their entirety, as a window into the experience of a pair of dds late nine- teenth- century, 2 amateur botanists. We have attempted a faithful transcription of the notes including and cross-outs. The current names of plants are inserted in square brackets where appropriate. We conclude with an appendix that lists, in current nomenclature and by family, the Ruths’ finds and the additional taxa found by White and Rhoads in 1992. j ae g their IHoOlOrl S| gana Ff EXCERPTS FROM THE RUTH BROTHERS’ BOTANICAL NOTES Jan. 20 — 1884. TL > | 1 L My ffer io WO will of Wyker’ s Island. The island is not a ‘fai ac but is covered with a dense mass of vegetation, and doubtless some very interesting plants. hats plants hed be loaked for. At high water d. An orchard was on it at one time, several apple-s- trees remaining to mark the spot. Among the rare plants 4s are the beautiful Lupinus perennis, and Smilacina stel- lata. The northern end is covered with cobble stones, and overgrown with low bushes and grasses. The southern end is covered with trees, overgrown with parasitic vines. Seas BN “i ] freshets of late ye and logs sar been lodged on the middle and southern sections. Great piles of it are every where seen. This forms an excellent harbor for rabbits and other small animals, and perhaps some reptiles. By a little work and perseverance much may be learned about this island. 32 BARTONIA Aug. 23 - 1884. apne morning Harvey loaned Mr. Riegel’s and we went 10 : yee s Island. We found 1f ror many of _ grasses, ie had collected most of them be- fore. We however found good specimens of Spartina cynosuroides [S. pectinata] or Fresh Wa- ter Cord Grass and Panicum proliferum [P. di- chotomiflorum]. The former is probably new to our county. We also found Lythrum Salicaria, Cirsium discolor, and three species of Potamoge- ton, which as near as we can determine without the fruit are P. lucens [P. illinoensis], P. lonchites [P. gramineus L.], and P. pertoliatus. Th ey grow in the Delaware at Monroe. The island is a mass of vegetation, a paradise for the botanist. It would be July 29th. 1885. . Made a botanical trip to Wyker’s Island. This island, the most northern of the islands belonging an excellent training to catalogue the flora of the island. I would try it if I lived nearer. We found the grasses fine and abundant. The Leguminosae were well represented by the Lupine and by a number of species of Desmodium and Lespedeza. The Star Cucumber is common, and frequently ascends to the tops of the trees. Laportea s minded us of its presence. We found three species of Oak. Willows form an important part of the vegetation. Received Bailey’s ‘Botanical Collec- tors Handbook.’ It contains instructions for col- lecting all kinds of plants. If circumstances are fa- vorable I shall next spring begin a new, first class herbarium. Mounted on good paper, and poison proof against insects. to the county of Bucks, lies in the Delaware River, near the mouth of Gallows Run, and on the Figure 2. A 1991 view of Lynn Island (formerly Wykers Island) from the top of Nockamixon Cliffs (photo by Ann Rhoads). FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 33 northern boundary of Nockamixon township, to which it was confirmed by the court in 1786. It doubtless received its name from the Wyker’s, a family who years ago lived at the Narrows, and probably were once the owners thereof. When the Delaware is at low water mark the island is of considerable size, but during high water, the greater part of it, if not its entire surface are is swept by the river. Its higher portions are covered with sand, on which grow some forest trees, while the lower portions are an almost bare mass of cobble stones. Its present owner is Mr. Josiah Rufe. To the botanist this island is of considerable interest. It has frequently been visited by Dr. I. S. Moyer and other botanists, who were attracted by its rich flora, which presents all the character- istics of a river flora. Seeds from distant localities are brought by the freshets, and deposited among the drift heaps where they spring up, and in time the plants become firmly established. Cultivation does not retard plant growth, and the island has vrs ] 4 a | jungle. It has long been my desire to possess a complete catalogue of the flora of this island, but circumstances have heretofore not permitted us to begin the work. In our to-day’s visit to the place we saw an opportunity to begin such a cata- logue, and therefore collected such plants as fell within our reach. They represent the flora of the northern part of the island. We failed to penetrate to the higher, or thickly wooded parts. To this list I have adde I hi i which were observed in 1884, and to it we hope to make still further con- tributions in the future, till the list is as complete as it is possible for us to make it. [marginal note] A patent for this island was granted by the State of Penna. to Wm. Erwin Jan. 21 — 1812. It had previously been surveyed Dec. 10 — 1811, and the area is given 14 a. 16 p. = sae gS eZee = — es Y GG, H Lif WS LVANI AOA ee Figure 3. An early twentieth-century map of Lynn Island and vicinity (adapted from U.S. Geological Survey 1 inch = approximately 4,000 feet. North at top. 1932). The arrow indicates the vantage point and direction of the photo in Figure 2. Scale: 34 BARTONIA Flora of Wyker’s Island, Bucks Co. Penna. e bho w os — uw —_ lon) N No to w No uN 25. 26. 2. 28. ys & Ww Oo Ww os Molugo verticellata, L. Carpet-weed. [Mollugo verticillata] . Gratiola aurea, Muhl. Golden Gratiola. Northern extremity. . Tanacetum vulgare, L. . Tansy. . Eleocharis i alustris, Schultes. Along the Delaware. [(L.) Roemer & Schultes] Oxalis stricta, L. Yellow bread Sorrel. . Physalis Virginiana, Mill. ? Cassia chamaecrista, L. ean Pea. [Cha- maecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene] . Helianthus giganteus, L. Giant Sunflower. ; ie domioneai pyramidatum, Ait. Great St. John’s- ; ba te cihuilides L. Sand Bur. Bur rass. . Panicum capillare, L. Old-witch Grass. . Cornus sericea, L. Silky Cornel. Kinnikinn- ick. [C. amomum P.Mill.] . Menispermum Canadense, L. Moonseed. . Carpinus Americana, Mx. Hornbeam. [C. caroliniana Walt.] . Chrysopogon nutans, Benth. Indian Grass. [Sorghastrum n. (L.) Nas . Spiraea salicifolia, L. Common Meadow Sweet. [S. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh.] . Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. Tulip Poplar. : youeenrag quadrifolia, L. Four-leaved Loose 5 ae arecteele L. White Vervain. . Verbena hastata, L. Blue Vervain. : sbeng as oy mses L. Common Spider- rt. [virg. a eae. laterifolia, L. Mad-dog Skullcap. riflora {late . Setaria glauca, Beauv. Foxtail Grass. [S. pumila (Poir.) Schultes] . Panicum Crus-galli, L. Barnyard Grass. [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] Lepidium Virginicum, L. Wild Pepper Grass. Onoclea sensibilis, L. Sensitive Fern Galium asprellum, Mx. Rough on Se Rumex crispus, L. Common, or Curled Dock. Hypericum perforatum, L. Common St. John’s-wort . Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Mx. Virginian Creeper. [Parthenocissus q. (L.) Planch.] . Rhus toxicodendron, L. Poison Ivy. [Toxico- dendron radicans (L.) Kuntze] . Crataegus coccinea, L. Scarlet-fruited Thorn. . Baptisia tinctoria, R.Br. Wild Indigo. [(L.) Vent. . Phleum pratense, L. Timothy. . Aster patens, Ait. Sorcadine Aster. [Sym- phyotrichum p. (Ait.) Nesom] . Asclepias tuberosa, L. Pleurisy Root. . Verbascum Thapsus, L. Common Mullein. . Panicum clandestinum, L. Hidden-flowered Panic Grass. [Dichanthelium c. (L.) Gould] . Rudbeckia hirta, L. Cone Flower. . Ludwigia alternifolia, L. Seed-box. . Elymus Canadensis, L. Var. glaucifolia, Gr. Wild Rye. Lyme Gra . Cyperus filiculmis, Vahl. Wiry Sedge. [C. lu- pulinus (Sprengel) Marcks] . Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, L. Ox-eye Daisy. [Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.] . Chenopodium Botrys, L. Jerusalem Oak. [Dysphania b. (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants] . Elymus Canadensis, L. Wild Rye. . Panicum dichotomum, L. Pol , morphus Panic Grass. [Dichanthelium d. (L.) Gould] : Cassia Marilandica, L. Wild Senna. [Senna m. nk) (L.) Li . Bishechis corollata, L. Flowering Spurge. . Betula nigra, L. River Birch . Teucrium Canadense, L. Germander. . Rhyncospora glomerata, Vahl. Com ; mon Beak Rush. [Rhynchospora capitellata (Michx.) Vahl] . Eupatorium purpureum, L. Joe Pye Weed. [Eutrochium p.| . Juglans cineria, L. Butternut. [cinerea] . Mimulus ringens, L. Monke . Platanus occidentalis, L. Buttonwood. . Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Toad Flax. [Hill] . Potentilla Canadensis, L. Common Cinque- foil. y Flower. . Lespedeza capitata, Mx. Capitate Bush Clover. . Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers. Goat’s Rue. [(L.) Pers . Daucus Carota, L. Common Carrot. . Echium vulgare, L. Viper’s Bugloss. . Saponaria officinalis, L. Bouncing Bet. . Achillea Millefolium, L. Yarrow. . Apocynum cannabinum, L. Indian Hemp. . Penthorum sedoides, L. Ditch Stone Crop. . Andropogon scoparius, Mx. Purple Wood Oo N oO mn Oo ON FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 Grass. [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash] . Cyperus inflexus, Muhl. Dwarf Galingale. [C. squarrosus L. . Eleocharis obtusa, Schultes. Obtuse Spike- rush. [(Willd.) Schultes] . Mentha Canadensis, L. Wild Mint. [M. ar- ve . Eupatorium perfoliatum, L. Thoroughwort. . Hypericum ellipticum, Hook. Elliptic St. John’s-wort. . Hypericum mutilum, L. Dwarf St. John’s- wort. . Lysimachia ciliata, L. Fringed Loosestrife. . Lysimachia stricta, Ait. Spiked Loosestrife. [L. terrestris (L.) BSP] . Andropogon furcatus, Muhl. Finger-spiked Wood Grass. [A. gerardii Vitman] . Equisetum arvense, L. Common Horsetail. . Equisetum hyemale, L. Scouring Rush. 1884. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, L. Ragweed. [ar- temisiifolia] . Plantago lanceolata, L. Ribgrass. . Cyperus phymatodes, Muhl. Straw Sedge. [C. esculentus L.] . Juncus acuminatus, Mx. Var. legitimus, Gr. Sharp-fruited Rush. . Juncus tenuis, Willd. Slender Rush. . Cyperus dentatus, Torr. Toothed Galingale. . Prunus pumila, L. Dwarf Cherry. . Desmodium Canadense, DC. Canada Tick Trefoil. [((L.) DC.] . Eragrostis pilosa, Beauv. Slender Meadow Grass. [(L.) Beauv.] . Solidago lanceolata, L. Lanceolate Golden- rod. [Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt.] . Nasturtium palustris, DC. Marsh Cress. [N. officinale R.Br.] . Barbarea vulgaris, R.Br. Yellow Rocket. . Agrostis scabra, Willd. Hair Grass. . Cuscuta gronovii, Willd. Common Dodder. . Spartina cynosuroides, Willd. Fresh water Cord Grass. [S. pectinata Link] . Panicum virgatum, L. Tall, Smooth Panic Grass. . Panicum agrostoides, Spreng. Agrostis-like Panic Grass. [P. rigidulum Nees] . Panicum proliferum, Lam. Prolific Panic Grass. 1884. [P. dichotomiflorum Michx.] . Lythrum salicaria, L. Spiked Loosestrife. 1884. 35 . Cirsium discolor, Spreng. Two colored Thistle. 1884. [((Muhl.) Spreng. ] 98. Lupinus perennis, L. Wild Lupine. 1884. . Sicyos angulatus, L. One-seeded Star Cu- cumber. 1884 . Diospyrus Virginiana, L. Persimmon. [Dio- spyros] . Laportea Canadensis, Gaudichaud. Wood- nettle. 1884. [(L.) Weddell] . Rubus Canadensis, L. Low Blackberry. Dewberry. Of the above named Flora, Nos. 83, 92 & 96 are new to the flora of Bucks Co., and are rare. No. 92 is found at the extreme northern end of the island and is well established. Of No. 96 we found a single plant along the eastern shore near the wa- ter’s edge. Have not seen it this year. It has prob- ably been destroyed. Of No. 100 we found a small tree, well in fruit. It is rare in these parts but com- mon in the Trap Rock Region. 98 is not common. We have noticed a few plants of it along the Dela- ware, north of the island. 84 is a very interesting shrub, having somewhat the appearance of a wil- low. 5 ae p oe vee ge ip 1. <4 99 was very abundant when we were on the island in 1884. Its vines covered bush and tree. 36 was very abundant at the same time. No. 2 is found in the mud at the northern extremity, and is also found along the Delaware near Monroe. Grasses are plentiful. The above list contains 18 species. The St. John’s-worts are well represented. When returning from the island we made an ex- amination of the Potamogetons growing in the Delaware, and found the following: — 1. Potamogeton lonchitis, Tuckerm. Long- leaved P. [P. gramineus L.] 2. [Potamogeton] lucens, L. Shining Pondweed. [P. illinoensis Morong 3. [Potamogeton] perfoliatus, L. Perfoliate [Pondweed]. No. 1 is new to the county as is also No. 2. No. 3 is found at a single place near Monroe, and I am not too sure in regard to the analysis. It may be P. crispus, L. Found some Fresh Water Sponges, on the under side of stones along the shore. Found Dulichium spathaceum, Pers. [D. arundinaceum (L.) Britt.] along the Delaware, near John Nicho- las’ woods. The second bud of our Night- blooming Cereus opened last night. 36 BARTONIA August 21st. 1885. Made another trip to Wyker’s Island yesterday for the purpose of collecting its flora. Found Cyperus dentatus and Sparatina [sic] cynosuroi- Flora of Wyker’s Island. (Continued) 103. 104. 105. 106. Lobelia cardinalis, L. Cardinal flower. Rare. Helianthus annuus, L. Common Sun Flower. Impatiens fulva, Nutt. Spotted Touch-me- not. [/. capensis Meerb.] Smilacina stellata, Desf. Stellate Solomon’s Seal. [Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link. . Cirsium altissimus Willd. Tallest Thistle. (C. altisstmum (L.) Spreng. ] . Poa serrotina, Ehrhart. Foul Meadow Grass. [P. palustris L.] . Tricuspis seslerioides, Torr. Tall Red Top. [Tridens flavus (L.) A.S.Hitchc.] . Bromus ciliatus, L. Var. purgans, Gr. Fringed Brome Grass. . Smilacina racemosa, Desf. False Spikenard. [Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Li nk.] . Lindera Benzoin, Meisner. Spice Bush. [(L.) Blume] . Celastrus scandens, L. Climbing Bitter-sweet. . Rhus typhina, L. Staghorn Sumach. . Silene stellata, Ait. Starry Campion. [(L.) Autf. . Anemone Virginiana, L. Virginian Anemone. . Elymus striatus, Willd. Slender Lyme Grass. [E. villosus Muhl. ex Willd.] . Hydrangea arborescens, L. Wild Hydran- gea. . Alisma plantago, L. Water Plantain. [A. sub- cordatum Ra . Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. Willow Herb. [Biehler] . Rubus occidentalis, L. Black Raspberry. . Phytolacca decandra, L. Pokeweed. [P. ] americana L . Thalictrum cornuti, L. Tall Meadow Rue. . Smilax rotundifolia, L. Common Green- brier. . Cynoglossum Morisoni, DC. Beggar’s Lice. Zap —— (L.) ILM.Johnston] R tus, L. Purple Flowering Rasp- berry. des well established. Came through the higher and wooded parts of the island and made the fol- lowing additions to our list of the Flora: 128. Ww wn 139. 141. . Cyperus diandrus, Torr. Diandrus Sedge. 143. — -_ tN Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf. Fireweed. (Erechtites hieractifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.] . Clematis Virginiana, L. Common Virgin’s Bower. . Euphorbia maculata, L. Spotted Spurge. . Leersia oryzoides, Swartz. Rice Cut Grass. [(L.) Swartz] . Bidens frondosa, L. Common Beggar-ticks. . Oenothera biennis, L. Evening Primrose. . Ipomoea pandurata, Meyer. Wild Potato- vine. [(L.) G.F.W.Mey.] . Helenium autumnale, L. Sneeze-weed. . Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl. Slender- iat Gerardia. [Agalinis t. (Vahl) Raf.] Cyperus strigosus, L. Bristly-spiked Galin- gale. . Aster ericoides, L. Heath-like Aster. [Sym- phyotrichum e. (L.) Nesom] Leersia Virginica, Willd. White Grass. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, L. Penna. Knotweed. [Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M. . Ambrosia trifida, L. Great Ragweed. . Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd. Iron- weed. [(L.) Michx.] . Xanthium Canadense, Mill. Common Cocklebur. [X. strumarium L.] . Gaura biennis, L. Gaura. . Lactuca Canadensis, L. Wild Lettuce. . Castanea vesca, L. Chestnut. [C. dentata (Marshall) Borkh.] . Juniperus Virginiana, L. Red Cedar . Cinna arundinacea, L. Wood Reed Grass. 152. . Muhlenbergia Mexicana, Trin. Mexican Carex comosa, Boot. Muhlenbergia. [(L.) Trin.] . Muhlenbergia sylvatica, Torr. & Gr. Sylvan Muhlenbergia. [(Torr.) Torr. ex A.Gray] . Carex stipata, Muhl. Awn-fruited Sedge. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 37 Lobelia cardinalis is not common in one locality. Found three plants of it along end of the island. No. 148. will bear further study. The specimens were from 6 to 8 feet high and had the general appearance of Lactuca, but had white flowers, instead of yellow. No. 117 is one of the rare grasses of this region. No. 106 is rare. Dr. Moyer collected it on the island years ago. Few May 20th. 1887. Madea trip to Wyker’s Island, the first since 1885. During that year we made several trips for the pur- pose of cataloguing the flora of the island. During 1207 4 4 f£. ntinini the work. Our former trips were made in July & August, and the plants then collected represent the mid-summer flora. To day’s trip was made to col- lect as much as possible of the spring flora. I loaned one of Mr. Carty’s boats and rowed from Monroe to the northern end of the island. One of the first Flora of Wyker’s Island. Continued. — wa [o> . Galium triflorum, Mx. 1885. Sweet scented Bedstraw. . Thalictrum dioicum, L. Early Meadow Rue. . Saxifraga Virginiensis, Mx. Virginian Saxi- rage. . Geranium maculatum, L. Wild Geranium. . Aspidium marginale, Swz. Shield Fern. [Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A.Gray] . Sambucus Canadensis, L. Common Elder. . Tilia Americana, L. Basswood. . Prunus Americana, Marshall. Wild Plum. . Anthoxanthum odoratum, L. Sweet Vernal rass. . Thaspium aureum, Nutt. Golden Meadow Parsnip. [T. trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray] . Erigeron bellidifolium, Muhl. Robin’s Plaintain. [E. pulchellus Michx.] . Taraxacum officinale, Weber. Dandelion. October 1st. 1887. . Made a trip to Wyker’s Island this morning for the purpose of collecting its fall flora. The Delaware was in fine condition for rowing and I made the down trip in a very short time. The is- specimens have been found along the Delaware. It was also discovered in another part of the county by several botanists in 1884. On our way home we collected a lot of Potamo- getons which we have sent to Dr. Moyer for analysis. Also sent him some specimens of Pod- ostemon. plants found was Prunus pumila in flower. It is spread over the stony northern end of the island. We formerly collected it in fruit. Near by we found large beds of Lupine in flower. This is a splendid plant. I never saw such fine plants of it before. A scrubby kind of oak was found in flower but the fruit and mature leaves are necessary to determine the species. The willows form a prominent part of the flora. About an hours collecting resulted in the following additions to the flora. . Poa pratensis, L. Common Spear Grass. . Urtica gracilis, Ait. Nettles. [U. dioica L ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Seland.] . Viola << Ait. Blue Violet. 171. Sa inale, Nees. Sassafras. [S. albi- dum reiting Nees] . Phlox subulata, L. Moss Pink. . Cerastium arvense, L. Field Chickweed. . Vitis cordifolia, Mx. Frost Grape. [V. vul- ina L.} . Salix longifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved W. [S. exigua Nutt.] . Salix alba, L. White Willow. 177. Salix petiolaris, Smith. Petioled Willow. 178. Salix cordata, Muhl. Heart-leaved W. [S. er- iocephala Michx.] . Quercus ilicifolia, Wang. Scrub Oak. 180. Carex [sic] land is well worth visiting at this time of the year. The flora of the extreme northern end of the is- land is not very interesting as that part was under water a great part of the summer. But further in- 38 land flowering plants are abundant. Aster BARTONIA patens, Ait. [Symphyotrichum p. (Ait.) Nesom] is very abundant, and its fine, large, blue flowers are a Flora of Wyker’s Island. Continued. . Acalypha Virginica, L. Three-seeded Mer- cu . Bidens connata, Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks. : aera nemoralis, Ait. Old field Golden Rod ; Guapbaliur polycephalum, Mx. Common Everlasting. Leal ea obtusifo- lium (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt.] . Aster cordifolius, L. Cordate-leaved Aster. [Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom] . Eupatorium ageratoides, L. White Snake- root. [Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Robinson ] . Aster linariifolius, L. [Jonactis 1. (L.) . [Aster] Novae-Angliae, L. New England Aster. [Symphyotrichum n. (L.) Nesom] ; Dena multiflorus, Ait. Many- pibarened splendid sight. Among them I found the fruit of Asclepias tuberosa. Found the following which are new to the Flora of the island: — . [Aster] umbellatus, Mill. [Doellingeria um- bellata (P.Mill.) Nees] . [Aster] diffusus, Ait. Diffuse [Aster]. [Sym- phyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D.Love] . [Aster] paniculatus, Lam. Panicled [Aster]. [Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Wieg.) Ne- som . Melilotus alba, Lam. White Melilot. [Medic. ] . Solidago caesia, L. Bluish Golden Rod. b Pa Canadensis, L. Canada [Golden Rod]. . [Solidago] serotina, Ait. [S. gigantea Ait.] . Panicum sanguinale, L. Crab Grass. [Digi- taria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] . Quercus coccinea, Weng. Var. tinctoria, Gr. Black Oak. [Q. velutina Lam.] . Juglans nigra, L. Black Walnut. [Aster]. [ (L.)Ne- 200. Carya tomentosa, Nutt. Mocker Nut. som] _ [(Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt.] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank former archivist Karen Stevens and other staff members of the Ewell Sale Stewart Library, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, for providing access to the Ruth archives, and Wayne Ferren for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manu- script. REFERENCES CITED BENNER, W. M. 1932. Flora of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Published by author, Philadelphia. PorTER, T. C. 1903. Flora of Pennsylvania. J. K. Small (ed.). Ginn and Company, New York. 362 pp. RHOADS, A. F. AND T. A. BLOCK. 2006. Pennsylvania Flora Project database. Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. www.paflora.org (accessed 2006). RuTH, J. A. 1881-1917. Botanical notes, 7 vols. Manuscript Collection #694, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 1932. Easton, Pa.-N.J. 15-minute topographic quadrangle. U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey, Harrisburg. WHITE, P. AND A. F. RHOADS. 1996. The botanical work of the Ruth brothers of Bucks County, P , and its significance today. Bartonia 59: 71-79. WOOSTER, D. 1994. Nature’s Economy: a History of Ecological Ideas. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 505 pp. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 39 APPENDIX: FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND (NOW LYNN ISLAND), BUCKS COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA The list includes the 197 species recorded in January and August 1884, July and August 1985, and May and October 1887 by John and Harvey Ruth (Ruth 1881-1917) and the 155 taxa identified in May and August 1992 by Pam icon sn Ann Rhoads (White and Rhoads 1996). There are 301 taxa in all, with 51 species in common between the two sets of surveys. Nomenclature follows the Pennsylvania Flora Project database (Rhoads wn Block 2006). The last column is an index of the numbers John Ruth used in his notes on the island’s flora; a it is blank, the taxon wit found in 1992 but not in 1884-1887. Species found by White and Rhoad luding y the Ruth brothers, are in block letters (sans-serif typeface). Aceraceae (see Sapindaceae) Adoxaceae Sambucus canadensis L. American elder 161 Alismataceae Alisma subcordatum Raf. broad-leaved water-plantain 119 Alliaceae Allium canadense L. wild onion Allium vineale* L. field garlic* Amaranthaceae — Dysphania botrys* (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants feather-geranium* 44 Anacardiaceae Rhus typhina L. staghorn sumac 114 Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze poison-ivy 31 Apiaceae Anthriscus sylvestris* (L.) Hoffm. chervil* Daucus carota* L. Queen neta 60 Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray meadow-parsnip 165 Zizia aptera (A.Gray) Fern. heart- waved alexanders Apocynaceae Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian-hemp 64 Asclepias tuberosa L. butterfly-weed 36 Araceae Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott green-dragon Asclepiadaceae (see Apocynaceae) Asteraceae Achillea millefolium* common ya 63 Ageratina altissima te ) R.M.King & common tite igi 186 obinson var. altissima Ambrosia artemisiifolia L common ragweed 78 Ambrosia trifida L giant ragweed 144 Arctium minus* (Hill Bernh. common oucael Artemisia vulgaris” L. common mugwo Bidens connata Muhl. purple-stemmed 7 ticks 182 Bidens frondosa L. devil’s beggar-ticks 132 Cirsium altissimum (L.) tia tall thistle 107 Cirsium arvense* (L.) S Canada thistle* Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) conte field thistle 97 Conyza canadensis* (L.) Cronq. horseweed* *Not indigenous to the region. 40 BARTONIA Appendix (cont’d) Asteraceae Doellingeria umbellata (P.Mill.) Nees flat-topped white aster 190 (cont’d) Erechtites hieracitfolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. fireweed 128 rigeron philadelphicus daisy fleabane Erigeron pulchellus Michx robin’s-plantain 166 Eupatorium perfoli boneset 70 Eupatorium serotinum Michx late eupatorium* Eutrochium maculatum L spotted joe-pye-weed Eutroc purpure sweet-scented joe-pye-weed 52 uthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt grass-leaved goldenrod 87 Gnaphaliu iginosu low cudwee Helenium autumnale L common psy tachi 135 Helianthus annuus* L common sunflower 104 Helianthus teus L swamp sunflower 8 ba sibel led (L.) Greene stiff-leaved aster 187 is L. wild lettuce 148 naa ee vulga ox-eye daisy* 43 psy ee mass hal red (L.) Hilliard & —f t cud 184 Burtt. Rear hirta L. black-eyed-susan 39 Solidago caesia L. bluestem goldenrod 194 Solidago canadensis L. Canada goldenrod 195 — pee Ait. smooth goldenrod 196 Ait. gray goldenrod 183 Solidago rugosa Ait. wrinkle-leaf speidanid Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom blue wood aster 185 Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom ssp. white heath aster 140, 189 setavies Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Wieg.) Nesom simple aster 192 ssp. lanceolatu Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.&D.Love calico aster 191 Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom New England aster 188 Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.) Nesom late aes aster 35 cc cicaial wulgars” L. common 3 er common den Moat 167 Verbesina alternifolia (L. )B wingstem Vernonia noveboracensis (. : Michx. New York ironweed 145 Xanthium strumarium common cocklebur 146 Balsaminaceae /mpatiens capensis Meerb. jewelweed 105 Betulaceae Betula nigra L. river birch 49 Carpinus canis Walt. hornbeam 14 Bignoniaceae Catalpa speciosa* (Warder ex Barney) Warder __ catalpa* ex Engelm. Boraginaceae = Echium vulgare* L. viper’s bugloss* 61 Hackelia hor Sami (L.) I.M.Johnston beggar’s-lice 126 sp.* io forget-me-not* *Not indigenous to the region. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 Appendix (cont’d) Brassicaceae Alliaria petiolata* (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande garlic-mustard* arbarea vulgaris* mmon wintercress* 89 Capsella bursa-pastori (L.) Medic. shepherd’s-purse* Hesperis ma su) oe dame’ ° Lepidium virginicum - poor-man’s-pepper 25 Nasturtium officinale® R.Br. watercress* 88 Caesalpiniaceae (see Fabaceae) Campanulaceae Lobelia cardinalis L. cardinal-flower 103 Lobelia inflata L. Indian-tobacco Cannabaceae Celtis occidentalis L. hackberry Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica* Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle” Lonicera morrowii" A.Gray Morrow’s honeysuckle* (see also Adoxaceae) Caryophyllaceae unin page L. ssp. arvense field chickweed 173 fficinalis* L. ouncing-bet* 62 Silene latifolia* Poir. white carnal Silene stellata (L.) Ait.f. starry campio 115 Stellaria media* (L.) Vill. common Sienna Celastraceae Celastrus orbiculatus* Thunb. Oriental bittersweet* Celastrus scandens L. American bittersweet 113 Chenopodiaceae (see Amaranthaceae) Clusiaceae (see Hypericaceae) Commelinaceae Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana L. Virginia spiderwort 21 Convolvulaceae — Cuscuta gronovit Willd. ex Schultz common dodder 91 Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W.Me man-of-the-earth 134 Cornaceae Cornus amomum P.Mill. silky dogwood 12 Cucurbitaceae Echinocystis — sigsie ) Torr. & A.Gray prickly cucumber Sicyos angulatus bur cucumber 99 Cupressaceae Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red-cedar 150 Cuscutaceae (see Convolvulaceae) Cyperaceae Carex comosa Boo longhair sedge 152 Carex grayi Gray’s sedge 155 i Car oy. Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willd. *Not indigenous to the region. stalk-grain sedge 42 BARTONIA Appendix (cont'd) Cyperaceae (cont'd) > deta Torr. toothed flatsedge 83 eng a umbrella flatsedge 142 Hie sien yellow nutsedge 80 Cyperus sana Spreng Marcks Great Plains flatsedge 42 Cyperus bearded flatse 67 Cyperus s Ise nutsedge 139 Eleocharis acicuar ma Roemer & Schultes needle spike-rush ld.) Schultes var. aga blunt spike-rush 68 Eecars palustris “% ) Roemer & Schulte creeping spike-rush 4 aris tenuis (Willd.) Schultes slender spike-rush F aechealas capitellata (Michx.) Vahl brown beak-rush 51 Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea villosa L. wild yam Dryopteridaceae (see Polypodiaceae) Ebenaceae Diospyros virginiana L. persimmon 100 Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. field horsetail 76 Equisetum hyemale L. scouring-rush 77 Equisetum sp. horsetail Euphorbiaceae Acalypha virginica = three-seeded mercury 181 Euphorbia corollata flowering spurge 48 Euphorbia une E cypress spurge” Euphorbia maculata L. spotted spurge 130 Fabaceae Amorpha fruticosa L. false-indigo Apios americana Medic ground-nut oa tinctoria wild indigo 33 maecrista fasciculata Mic ) Greene partridge-p - Desmodim canadense (L.) DC showy tick-trefoil 85 a tick-trefoil pitata Michx. round- nies bush-clover 58 i perennis L blue lup 98 Melilotus alba* Medic. white ae iedicncs* 193 Robinia pseudoacacia L. black locust Sen landica (L.) Link southern wild senna 47 Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. oat’ 59 Fagaceae Castanea dentata = Borkh. American chestnut 149 Fagus grandifolia E American beech Quercus tlicifolia ae scrub oak 179 Quercus rubra L. northern red oak Quercus velutina Lam. black oak 198 Geraniaceae Geranium maculatum L. wood geranium 159 Grossulariaceae Ribes americanum P.Mill. wild black currant *Not indigenous to the region. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 Appendix (cont’d) Hemerocallidaceae | Hemerocallis fulva* (L.) L. orange day-lily* Hyacinthaceae Ornithogalum umbellatum™ L. star-of-Bethlehem* Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea arborescens L. sevenbark 118 Hypericaceae Hypericum boreale (Britt.) Bickn. northern St. John’s-wort Hypericum ellipticum Hook. pale St. John’s-wort 71 Hyper til : dwarf St. John’s-wort 72 Hypericum perforatum L. common St. John’s-wort* 29 Hypericum punctatum Lam. spotted St. John’s-wort Hypericum pyramidatum Ait. great St. John’s-wort 9 Juglandaceae Carya tomentosa (Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt. mockernut hickory 200 Juglans cinerea butternut 53 Juglans nigra L. black walnut 199 Juncaceae Juncus acuminatus Michx. sharp-fruited rush 81 Juncus tenuis Willd. var. tenuis path rush 82 Lamiaceae Agastache — a ) Kuntze yellow giant-hyssop Collinsonia canaden. horse balm Glechoma h more : gill-over-the-ground* Lamium purpureun™ L. purple sna nettle* Leonurus sp.* motherw — europaeus® L. European water- wes 136 Lycopus sp. ere Menthe. arvensis L. — 69 Mentha sp. promi fistulosa L. ene Nepeta cataria* L catnip* 124 Prunella vulgaris L. heal-all Scutellaria lateriflora L. mad-dog skullcap 22 Teucrium canadense L. var. virginicum (L.) Eat. wild germander 50 Lauraceae Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume spicebush 112 Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees sassafras 171 Liliaceae (see Alliaceae, H llid Hyaci h , Ruscaceae) Limnanthaceae Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. false-mermaid Lythraceae Lythrum salicaria® L. purple loosestrife* % Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. tuliptree 17 Malvaceae Tilia americana L. white basswood 162 Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense L. moonseed 13 Molluginaceae Mollugo verticillata* L. carpetweed* 1 aa a hen rence *Not indigenous to the region. 44 BARTONIA Appendix (cont’d) Moraceae Morus sp.* mulberry* Myrsinaceae Lysimachia ciliata L. fringed loosestrife 73 Lysi ia spongy Ls. creeping-charlie* Lysimachia quadrifolia whorled loosestrife 18 ysimachia terrestris te BSP swamp-candles 74 Oleaceae Fraxinus americana L. var. americana white ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall green ash Ligustrum obtusifolium* Sieb. & Zucc. obtuse-leaved privet* Onagraceae Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill ise canadensis enchanter’s-nightshade Epilobium —— Biehle purple-leaved willow-herb 120 Gaura bien gaura 147 Ludwigia ae L. seedbox 40 Oenothera biennis L. evening-primrose 1355, Orobanchaceae —_Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. slender false-foxglove 138 Oxalidaceae Oxalis stricta L. common yellow wood-sorrel 5 Papaveraceae Chelidonium majus* L. greater celandine* Penthoraceae Penthorum sedoides L. ditch stonecrop 65 Phrymaceae Mimulus ringens L. Allegheny monkey-flower 54 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca americana L. pokeweed 122 Plantaginaceae Chelone glabra L. turtlehead Gratiola aurea aed ex ear goldenpert 2 Gratiola neglecta To hedge hyssop Linaria vulgaris* Hil butter-and-eggs* 56 Penstemon — Nutt. ex Sims tall white beard-tongue Plantago lanceolata* L. English plantain* ha Plantago majo. broad-leaved plantain* 7 Veronica arvensis* ri, corn speedwell Platanaceae Platanus occidentalis L. sycamore 55 Poaceae Agrostis mapas (Walt.) Tuckerman autumn bent Agrostis scabra fly-away grass 90 Andropogon sera Vitman big bluestem vs) Anthoxanthum o mT. sweet vernalgrass* 164 Bromus ciliatus fringed brome 110 hea ribuoides* oe dune sandbur* 10 G und aL. eedgr. 151 Pictineithaiaag. asain’ (L.) Gould deer-tongue grass 38 Dichanthelium dichotomum (L Gould cypress panic grass 46 Digitaria sanguinalis* (L.) Sco northern crabgrass* 197 *Not indigenous to the region. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 45 Appendix (cont’d) Poaceae (cont’d) Echinochloa crusgalli* (L.) Beauv. var. crusgalli Elymus can — L. var. Canadensis Elymus riparius Wieg. Elymus villosus or ex Willd. Eragrostis frankii C.A.Mey. ex Steud. Eragrostis pilosa* (L.) Beauv. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz Leersia virginica Willd. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A.Camus. so lgineabina dose pecan sn ) Trin. Torr.) Torr. ex A.Gray fo) yl p a Kap Lare ip . Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Schizachyrium ium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium Setaria pumila* (Poir.) Schultes Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash Spartina pectinata Link Tridens flavus (L.) A.S.Hitche. Polemoniaceae — Phlox subulata L. ssp. subulata billion-dollar grass* 24 Canada wild-rye 41, 45 riverbank wild-rye hairy wild-rye 117 sandbar lovegrass India lovegrass* 86 rice cutgrass 131 whitegrass 141 stiltgrass* leafy satingrass 153 woodland 154 witchgrass 11 senor panic grass 95 gra 94 switchgrass 93 timothy* 34 fowl bluegrass 108 Kentucky bluegrass* 168 little bluestem 66 yellow foxtail* 23 Indian-grass 15 freshwater cordgrass 92 purpletop 109 moss-pink 172 Polygonaceae Fallopia convolvulus* (L.) A.L black aseicaser Fallopia japonica* (Hout.) eae Decraene Japanese tweed* Fallopia scandens (L.) Holu climbing st buckwheat Persicaria longiseta* (Bruijn) Kitagawa low smartweed” Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) M.Gomez Pennsylvania smartweed 143 Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small dotted smartweed page virginiana a = rtner jumpseed x altissimus A.W tall dock atin crispus* L curly dock* 28 Polypodiaceae oe — (L.) A.Gray marginal wood fern 160 sensitive fern 26 cate ae Schott marsh fern Primulaceae (see Myrsinaceae) Ranunculaceae Anemone virginiana L. tall anemone 116 mbites pet aL. virgin’s-bower 129 Ranunculus bulbosus* L. bulbous buttercup* i okcwwin dioicum early meadow-rue 157 Thalictrum pubescens Pursh tall meadow-rue 123 Rosaceae nea L. sensu lato red-fruited hawthorn 32 an ‘canadense Jacq. white avens *Not indigenous to the region. 46 BARTONIA Appendix (cont’d) Rosaceae (cont'd) | Physocarpus ay (L.) Maxim. ninebark Potentilla canadensis L. rf cinquefoil 57 Potentilla sitaeiee Michx old-field cinquefoil runus st M ild plum 163 Prunus pumila i var. conn (Pursh) Gleason sand cherry 84 Prunus hin choke cherry Rosa multiflora* Thunb. ex Murr. multiflora rose* Rubus canadensis smooth blackberry 102 Rubus hispidus bs sensu lato swamp dewberry Rubus eco a be, black-cap 121 Rubus odor purple-flowering raspberry 127 Rubus eho Poir. sensu lato blackberry Rubus phoenicolasius* Maxim. wineberry* Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. meadow-sweet 16 Rubiaceae Cephalanthus occidentalis LL buttonbush Galium aspre rough bedstraw 27 Galium mollugo* white bedstraw* Galium triflorum Michx. sweet-scented bedstraw 156 Ruscaceae nthemum racemosum (L.) Link. Solomon’s-plume 111 scare stellatum (L.) Link. starflower 106 Salicaceae dag ideas Michx. quaking nicioe Salix white willo 176 Salix pein Muhl. pussy willow Salix eriocephala Michx. diamond willow 178 Salix exigua Nutt. sandbar willow 175 Salix nigra Marshall black willow Salix petiolaris Smith slender willow 177 Sapindaceae Acer negundo L. box-elder Acer platanoides* L Norway maple* Acer saccharinum silver maple Acer saccharum Marshall sugar maple Saxifragaceae Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. early saxifrage 158 (see also Penthoraceae) Scrophulariaceae -soeauebe hake ries i. eastern figwort Verbascum tha common mullein* 37 (se also Orob I Sneddon Plant gi )) Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima* (P.Mill.) Swingle tree-of-heaven* Smilacaceae Smilax rotundifolia L. common greenbrier 125 Solanaceae Physalis virginiana P.Mill. Virginia ground-cherry 6 Solanum dulcamara* L. trailing nightshade* *Not indigenous to the region. FLORA OF WYKERS ISLAND IN 1884-1887 47 Appendix (cont’d) Thelypteridaceae (see Polypodiaceae) Tiliaceae (see Malvaceae) Ulmaceae Ulmus americana L. American elm (see also Cannabaceae Urticaceae Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Swartz slimspike false nettle Laportea cana eye om Weddell Canada wood-nettle 101 Pilea mines (L.) clearweed Urtica dioica L. ma eae (Ait.) Seland stinging nettle 169 Verbenaceae Verbena hastata L blue vervain 20 ‘erbena urticifolia L. white vervain 19 Violaceae Viola cucullata Ait. blue marsh violet 170 Viola sororia Willd. common blue violet Vitaceae Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Virginia-creeper 30 Vitis vulpina L. frost grape 174 *Not indigenous to the region. Bartonia No. 63: 49-51, 2006 Fungus Names in the Schweinitz Herbarium Validated or Proposed by J. B. Ellis JAMES C. LENDEMER Botany Department, The Academy of Natural Sciences of er dias 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 191 ABSTRACT. The cryptogamic herbarium of Lewis David von Schweinitz is among the oldest in North America and contains type material, not only of the majority of names published by him, but also of names published by his contemporaries with whom he corresponded. Job B. Ellis (although not one of Schweinitz’s contemporaries) published seven new species based on material in the Schweinitz herbarium. The types of some of these taxa have only recently been rediscovered during curation by the author and are discussed here for the firs publication in 1895. The types of several other species named in the same 1895 publication by Ellis have not yet been located in the herbarium the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. INTRODUCTION The personal herbarium of Lewis David von Schweinitz was deposited with the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia in 1834. It has long been recognized as a major resource rich in historically significant type and non-type material. Indeed, the vascular plant portion of the herbarium, which consists of over 21,000 taxa, is composed of the collections not only of Schweinitz himself but also of many of his contemporaries including Thomas Nuttall, Constantine-Samuel Rafinesque and John Torrey. The cryptogamic portion of the Schwein- itz herbarium also comprises a significant number of specimens, including types of many of the taxa named by Schweinitz (the “father of American mycology”) as well as those of other early authors such as A. Halsey and E. M. Fries. The Schweinitz herbarium as a whole contains a large number of manuscript names never published by Schweinitz. Some of these were validated by later authors; several Pyrenomycetes in particular were validated by J. B. Ellis in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The types of these taxa were discovered only recently by the author while performing routine curatorial work on the type and special collections at the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences of Philadelphia (PH). The specimens discussed here were first discovered in a package at PH in 1894 when they were studied by J. B. Ellis. Ellis noted that many of the specimens were collected at Bethle- hem, Pennsylvania and Salem, North Carolina and that a large number of the specimens were “all very small—many of them old and without fruit” (Ellis 1895). The results of Ellis’s study of the specimens were published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences e nave aint in 139. There Ellis provided notes on the synonymy of the specimens that d id ble and in several cases, validated the manuscript names that Schwein- Manuscript received 22 May 2003, revised 6 November 2003. 49 50 BARTONIA itz had left with the specimens. Two new species were also described based on Schweinitz specimens. Ellis honored Schweinitz in the specific epithets of both of these taxa. After the publication of Ellis (1895) however, these specimens appear to have been all but forgotten, although the names were included in an index to the fungi named by J. B. Ellis (Cash 1952, 1953, 1954). CATALOGUE The taxa included here are listed alphabetically by the epithet typified by specimens at PH. Diatrypella obscurata Schweinitz ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 27). Holotype, PH 1000553 (Collins Collection #330 im Herb. Schweinitz). On limbs of trees or shrubs, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The original packet reads “Sphaeria obfcurata LvS, Bethl.” The specimen was not annotated by J. B. Ellis. Cash (1952) attributed this name to both Ellis & Everhart; however, Ellis alone should be cited as the authority. Pseudovalsa occulta Schweinitz ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 27). Holotype, PH 1000552 ona Collection #319 in Herb. Schweinitz). On twigs, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United St The original packet reads “319, Sphaeria pn LyS, in [illegible] an S. corticis?, Bethel.” Ellis later annotated “Pseudovalsa prunicola E. & E.” There is duplicate of the holotype in the Ellis herbarium (NY) that includes a drawing of an ascus with eight spores and a drawing of a single — with measurements (“45- -62 x 13-16”) that match those given in the pro- tologue. If one does not p in PH to be the holotype, the specimen in NY would be a suitable lectotype. Discosia placentula Schweinitz ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 29). Holotype, PH 1000548 (Collins Collection s.n. in Herb. Schweinitz). On leaves (Tilia? sp.), Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The original packet reads “Sphaeria placentula LvS. Bethl.” Ellis annotated the back of the packet with the published identification (“Discosia placentula [Schw.]”). Cash (1952) attrib- uted this name to Ellis & Everhart; however, the authority should be cited as Ellis alone. Phoma pyrina Schweinitz ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 28). Holotype, PH 1000550 (Collins Collection #325 in Herb. Schweinitz). On dead limbs of Malus sp., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. The original packet reads “Sph. pyrina Bethl.” The specimen is mounted in two prepara- tions; besides the original packet there are several fragments mounted on a card by Ezra Michener during his curation of the herbarium, mostly during 1856-1857 according to Ar- thur & Bisby (1918). Sphaeropsis schweinitzii Ellis & Everhart ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 28). Holotype PH 1000549 (Syn. #1717? in Herb. Schweinitz). On dead herba- ceous stems, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. One packet from the Collins Collection (im herb. Schweinitz) i is annotated “Sphaeria cau- lium LvS, Salem” in the hand of Schweinitz. Interestingly, it is this packet which Ellis an- notated as Sphaeropsis schweinitzii and not that which is actually from the type locality as indicated in the original description. Only the specimen from Bethlehem is considered to SCHWEINITZ’S FUNGI NAMED BY ELLIS 51 represent type material, although both were annotated by Schweinitz. The original packet reads “Sphaeria caulium. . . [illegible]... Beth.” The specimen is mounted in two prepara- tions; besides the original packet there are several fragments mounted on a card by Ezra Michener during his curation of the herbarium (see Arthur & Bisby 1918) Trematosphaeria schweinitzii Ellis & Everhart ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 25). Holotype, PH 1000547 (Collins Collection #2%6 in Herb. Schweinitz & Syn. #1619 in Herb. Schweinitz?). On dead canes of Rubus sp., Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. Ellis only annotated the specimen from the Collins Collection (in herb. Schweinitz) with his new name. The specimen from Schweinitz’s personal herbarium records two localities. The original packet from the Collins collection reads “296 Sphaeria rostellata, Bethl.” There is a probable duplicate of the holotype in the Ellis herbarium (NY) that, unlike a similar dupli- cate specimen (of Pseudovalsa occulta), does not include any drawings or notes from Ellis. Rosellinia thelena (Fries) Rabenhorst var. terrestris Schweinitz ex Ellis Ellis (1895: 22). Holotype, PH 1000551 (Collins Collection #236 im Herb. Schweinitz). On the ground, New York, New York, United States. The original packet reads “236, Sphaeria terrestris, LvS. New York.” ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank R. C. Harris and an anonymous reviewer for providing helpful commen- tary and criticism of this paper. I also wish to thank R. C. Harris for bringing the duplicates of Pseudovalsa occulta and Trematosphaeria schweinitzii in the Ellis herbarium at NY to my attention. LITERATURE CITED ARTHUR, J. C. AND G. R. BisBy. 1918. An annotated translation of the part of Schweinitz’s two papers giving the rusts of North America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 57: 173-292. CasH, E. K. 1952. A record of the fungi named by J. B. Ellis. Part 1, Acanthostig Gy r Plant Disease Survey Special Publication 2: 1-165. U.S.D.A., Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Beltsville, Maryland. CASH, E. K. 1953. A record of the fungi named by J. B. Ellis. Part II, Hadrotrichum — Pyrenophora. Plant Disease Survey Special Publication 2: 166-345. U.S.D.A., Division of Mycology and Disease Survey, Beltsville, Maryland. CASH, E. K. 1954. A record of the fungi named by J. B. Ellis. Part. III, Rabenhorstia — Zythia. Plant Disease Survey Special Publication 2: 346-518. U.S.D.A., Division of Mycology and Disease Sur- vey, Beltsville, Maryland. ce ELLIS, J. B. 1895. Notes on some specimens of Pyrenomycetes in the Schweinitz Herbarium of the Academy. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 47: 20-31. ra “ E- oA Stee Oa eee " En ee ae RES be oh haa ey i “4 | ‘ « : = > 4 ta? vv } ea 1 3 f : *ioas oe ad eee Siar a) Be nd as he ze e Frye ergy , Ag fe Hts see t ‘ ‘ STi e $44 *y, (ye wt ? ie lat ; sf . ¥ s ced hay . wf ‘ey ; pa 2 ty y Sepa tests ‘ i =r et j F wey ge wea rg ea ti ; fh, Pl > . : J mag t t ad oh ren : : x ; ey Cae: a cal Peers ot ae } et r mt ; Fi etek he ma Sa WEES ae eae we poi Bet unt ; erate Bartonia No. 63: 53-67, 2006 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS Reports by TED GORDON, except where otherwise indicated. 2003 Field Trips 26, 27 April: Bear Swamp, Downe Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Joint trips with the Torrey Botanical Society. The group walked into Bear Swamp West south of Payn- ters Crossing. This required much bushwhacking along an old survey line. Within the swamp a small colony of Tipularia discolor was noted growing under Ilex opaca. As the group continued eastward in the swamp the trees continued to increase in size. In the old- growth area the group got to see excellent old-growth examples of [lex opaca, Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Magnolia virginiana, and Nyssa sylvatica. The largest Magnolia specimen noted was 63 inches in circumference at breast height; the largest one recorded from this swamp was a wind-thrown specimen that measures 73.5 inches (Stevens Heckscher in Bartonia 53: 69, 1987). Even such shrubs as Lindera benzoin and Vaccinium corymbosum were impressively large. Also noted in some of the Nyssa was Phoradendron serotinum. At the end of the day, the group traveled north of Shaws Mill to see an excellent stand of blooming Helonias bullata in a cedar swamp. Also noted here in bloom in the uplands were Epigaea repens and Viola sagittata var. ovata. On the second day the group visited Bear Swamp East which is southeast of Dividing Creek Station and southwest of Whitehead Station. In the north-south trail leading to the old- growth area, a small population of Listera australis in bloom was noted. This old-growth area is not as extensive as the one in Bear Swamp West. Most of the large trees are specimens of Liriodendron tulipifera that appeared to be in declining health. The largest tree of either swamp was noted here, a Liriodendron that measured 177 inches in circumference at breast height. Later in the day the group botanized (and birded) at Hansey Creek and Turkey Point. At Turkey Point in the sandy berms out in the salt marsh, large stands of the non- native Teesdalia nudicaulis were noted in bloom. Participants: 18. Leaders: Gerry Moore and James Lendemer; report by the former (see also the report on the trip to the same locations on 15 November). 2-4 May: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pike and Monroe Counties, Penn- sylvania. This spring wildflower weekend was based at the Pocono Environmental Educa- tion Center. The group visited various stream corridors to observe and learn the spring flora of the area. Some of the species observed included Mertensia virginica, Trillium erectum, Viola sororia, V. striata, Uvularia sessilifolia, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Podophyllum pel- tatum, Arabis laevigata, Cardamine concatenata, Geranium maculatum, Hydrophyllum canadense, H. virginianum, Erythronium americanum, Maianthemum canadense, M. race- 53 54 BARTONIA mosum, Polygonatum pubescens, Veratrum viride, Sanguinaria canadensis, Phlox stolonif- era, Claytonia virginica, Actea pachypoda, Aquilegia canadensis, Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa (= H. americana), Thalictrum thalictroides, Houstonia caerulea, Mitella diphylla and Tiarella cordifolia. Report by leader: Bill Olson. 17 May: F. M. Mooberry’s Garden, East Marlborough Township, Chester County, Penn- sylvania. Leader: Ernie Schuyler. 7 June: Whites Mill tract, Salford Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Ona very rainy day in early June a handful of Club members explored the Whites Mill tract, recently acquired by Salford Township. The 150-year old millpond at the site yielded specimens of Potamogeton nodosus, with underwater leaves still intact, and P. crispus in flower. Another interesting plant observed was Lemna trisulca, which floats just below the water surface. Other Lemnaceae seen included Wolffia borealis, W. columbiana, W. brasiliensis and Lemna minor. A stinkpot turtle that had emerged from the pond also caught our attention; these aquatic turtles are rarely seen. In the wet meadow along Ridge Valley Creek downstream from the millpond we observed a healthy population of Carex meadii. Other sedges at this location included C. bushii, C. caroliniana, C. conoidea, C. glaucodea, C. laxiculmis, C. lurida, C. squarrosa and C. stricta. Report by leader: Ann Rhoads. 14 June: Big Elk Creek, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Eleven guests, Club members, and Muhlenberg Society members joined the leaders on a beautiful late spring day for a leisurely walk down an old dirt road paralleling Elk Creek through woodlands ranging from flood- plain forest to dry rocky oak - mountain-laurel woods. Early on we spent considerable time discussing the differences between the native perennial whitegrass (Leersia virginica) and the similar but noxious alien stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum) which were growing in the road. Numerous sedges were also examined. Fringe-tree (Chionanthus virginicus) proved surprisingly elusive, but the leaders eventually found a few sterile saplings growing along the main road. Several banks along the way bore carpets of ground-pine (Lycopodium obscu- rum) which is becoming increasingly rare in southeastern Pennsylvania. Maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina) was also seen. A floodplain meadow halfway through the walk yielded a small colony of blooming blue iris (Iris versicolor) and cow-parsnip (Heracleum lanatum) in bud, among other species. An- other small side trip was taken to observe some healthy green-dragons (Arisaema dracon- tium). The best came last, where along a stretch of rich rocky mesic woods and brushy roadbank we saw woodland chickweed (Stellaria pubera), early rue (Thalictrum dioicum), spikenard (Aralia racemosa), nodding trillium (Trillium cernuum), Culver’s-root (Veront- castrum virginicum), and numerous stringers of the feature species, leatherflower (Clematis viorna). We had hoped to catch it in bloom, which it had been at that date last year, buta late winter and cold wet spring delayed its flowering, and only buds were seen. The leaders also learned, thanks to the horticulturists in the company, that a colony of an invasive mint we had called spotted dead-nettle (Lamium maculatum) was actually yellow archangel (Lami- astrum galeobdolon). Report by leaders: Janet Ebert and Jack Holt. 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 55 21 June: Island Beach State Park, Ocean County, New Jersey. Leaders: Diane Bennett- Chase, David Fairbrothers and Pete McLain. 22-26 June: Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. The joint field meeting with the Northeastern Section of the Botanical Society of America, the Torrey Botanical Society and the Long Island Botanical Society took place at the New York Institute of Technology, Central Islip Campus. The areas visited included a unique 300-year-old maritime holly for- est on barrier Fire Island, the globally rare dwarf Pine Plains, a northeastern mixed hard- wood forest on a terminal moraine, an unusual pitch pine-scrub oak barrens, and a remnant of the Hempstead Plains, once the largest prairie east of the Mississippi. Plant communities included salt marshes, freshwater bogs, kettle holes, swamps, ponds, rivers, forests and ma- rine communities. Evening lectures included “Plants and Plant Communities Found on Long Island’s Greenbelt Trails” by Tom Casey, President of the Long Island Greenbelt Trail Conference; “100 Years of Change in the Orchid Flora of Long Island” by Dr. Eric Lamont, President of the Long Island Botanical Society; “The Blight and Immune System of the American Chestnut Tree” by Dr. John Potente, Director of the Long Island Chapter of the American Chestnut Foundation; and “Long Island Forests from the Ice Age to the Present” by Dr. Andy Greller, Professor Emeritus of Botany and Ecology at Queens College. The field meeting was chaired by Joanne Tow. Participants: 50. Report by Karl Anderson. 8 July (Tuesday): Oswego Lake Savanna, Burlington County, New Jersey. From cranberry grower William Haines, Jr., we obtained permission to botanize this extensive, privately- owned savanna, situated southeast of Oswego Lake, west of Sim Place, and north of the Warren Grove Air National Guard Range. This vast wetland complex is comprised of a series of parallel fingers of savanna land, ringed by Chamaecyparis thyoides, Acer rubrum var. trilobum, Nyssa sylvatica, Magnolia virginiana, Clethra alnifolia and a host of erica- ceous shrubs. Widely distributed were the following species: Carex exilis, C. atlantica, C. striata, Eleocharis tuberculosa, Rhynchospora fusca, R. alba, Mublenbergia torreyana, Cal- amovilfa brevipilis, Danthonia epilis, Panicum virgatum, Sarracenia purpurea, Iris pris- matica, Lobelia nuttallii, Morella pensylvanica (= Myrica p.), Lycopodiella alopecuroides and L. appressa. Among the peat mosses recorded were Sphagnum pulchrum, S. cuspidatum, S. flavicomans, S. pylaesii, S. perichaetiale, S. magellanicum, S. bartlettianum and S. cyclophyl- lum. Dominating the floral display were the bright yellow petals of Utricularia striata and the white, wooly heads studded with deep yellow stars of Lophiola aurea. Additional color was provided by scattered plants of Calopogon tuberosus and Pogonia ophioglossoides as well as by Cladium mariscoides, Hypericum denticulatum, H. densiflorum, Sabatia difformis, Drosera filiformis, Eriocaulon decangulare and E. compressum, the latter then scattering its chaff. A few sterile plants of Nathecium americanum were also seen. Although we were unsuccessful in discovering new occurrences of Cleistes divaricata, Zygadenus leimanthoides or Asclepias rubra, we succeeded, despite the heat, in relocating a small cluster of the disjunct northern grass Calamagrostis pickeringu and a fine display of 67 flowering culms of viscid asphodel, Triantha racemosa (or as currently reported for New Jersey by John Packer in the Flora of N orth America, Triantha glutinosa x T. racemosa). Both occurrences of these two state-endangered taxa were first discovered here by the leader in 1985. Participants: 14. Leader: Ted Gordon. 56 BARTONIA 13 July: Nescopeck State Park, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. This was the Club’s second visit to Nescopeck State Park, where Ann and Tim have previously identified more than 650 species of plants. Sure enough, club members added at least one additional plant to the list: Isotria verticillata. Other species noted included Lygodium palmatum, Rubus pubescens, Rubus recurvicaulis, Desmodium glutinosum, Phlox subulata, Lupinus perennis, Lechea ra- cemulosa, Hedeoma pulegioides, Carex polymorpha, C. vestita, C. gracillima, C. swanii, Panicum linearifolium, P. depauperatum, P. microcarpon, P. sphaerocarpon and, in Nesco- peck Creek, /soetes engelmannii and Schoenoplectus subterminalis. Several non-native spe- cies were also noted: Sisymbrium officinale, Hypericum perforatum, Potentilla argentea, Lathyris latifolius and Spiraea japonica. Leaders: Ann Rhoads and Tim Block; report by the mer. 19 July: Egg Harbor City ponds, Atlantic County, New Jersey. Leader: Ernie Schuyler. 2 August: Mill Creek, Willingboro, Burlington County, New Jersey. This trip focused on the plants of the shore and intertidal zone along Rancocas Creek, but while waiting for the tide to ebb, we explored other areas of this suburban park. The margin of a shallow detention pond, where not overgrazed by a large flock of Canada geese, produced Lobelia chinensis, Scutellaria lateriflora, several species of Polygonum and a nice colony of Veronica anagallis- aquatica. In this pond we noticed one small floating rosette of Trapa natans, a very invasive aquatic that has appeared in several New Jersey locations in the last few years. Transferring our attention to the shore of Rancocas Creek, we found the Sagittaria latifolia, Peltandra virginica, Nuphar advena and Zizania aquatica so typical of these areas, but we also found large populations of Sagittaria subulata, along with Eriocaulon parkeri, Isoetes riparia, Sium suave, Lystmachia ciliata, Heteranthera sp., Rumex verticillatus, Elodea canadensis and again Lobelia chinensis. After lunch, we visited Taylor’s Preserve in Cinnaminson to look at the Delaware River shore. Here we added Typha x glauca, Iris pseudacorus and Acorus cala- mus to the day’s list. Participants: 11. Report by leader: Karl Anderson. 23 August: Supawna Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Salem County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Botanical Society. Neither club had previously visited this 3,000-acre refuge, of which only a small part is open to the public. We began our trip with a walk through a forested tract near the refuge parking lot. As in many forests in this part of New Jersey, the ground was carpeted with Lonicera japonica and occasional patches of Microste- gium vimineum. Elaeagnus umbellata was scattered throughout. With a little searching we found over one hundred plants of Tipularia discolor in bloom. Also seen were Goodyera repens (one blooming), Mitchella repens, Bartonia virginica, Osmunda regalis and Botry- chium dissectum. Several specimens of squid stinkhorn fungus, Pseudocolus schellenbergiae, attracted interest. They had a remarkably foul odor. Next we walked a loop through a mesic woodland in the Xmas Tree Lane section of the refuge. Typical trees were Nyssa sylvatica, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus palustris, Q. phellos and Acer rubrum. A good find here was a stand of mature Quercus michauxii. Several were quite large. Further on we saw some large colonies of Saururus cernuus and Woodwar- dia areolata, as well as occasional Lycopus americanus, L. virginicus, Sanicula canadensis, Scutellaria integrifolia, Chelone glabra, and an impressive patch of Lobelia cardinalis in flower. A second small population of Tipularia was also discovered. Our destination was the 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 57 marsh edge, where we admired a stand of bald-cypress, Taxodium distichum. Some of these trees had been planted, but were thriving and reproducing. A total of 27 trees of all sizes were counted, and the forest floor was studded with the “knees” typical of the species. We noted that some of the more open areas were being taken over by rapidly-spreading Polygonum perfoliatum, which we saw in several places. Lush carpets of Microstegium vimineum, some- times mixed with Leersia virginica, were present here and there in the forest. Following lunch, we visited the upland edge of a slightly brackish tidal marsh. Here we added a number of flowering or fruiting species to the day’s list, among them Baccharis halimifolia, Eclipta prostrata, Asclepias incarnata, Mikania scandens, Hibiscus moscheutos, Echinochloa walteri, Tripsacum dactyloides, Cicuta maculata, Fimbristylis autumnalis, Plu- chea odorata and Leptochloa fascicularis var. maritima (= L. fusca ssp. fascicularis). The day ended with a drive south to Elsinboro Point, where the diminutive Lilaeopsis chin- ensis was found in fruit on eroding peat banks on the shore of Delaware Bay. This was a new plant for most of the participants. Participants: 20. Report by leader: Linda Kelly. 24 August: Palmyra Cove Nature Park, Palmyra, Burlington County, New Jersey. This trip was a visit to a 300-acre area of landfill, dredge impoundments and freshwater tidal marsh that is bordered by the Delaware River, Pennsauken Creek and Route 73. The flora at this site consists of about 350 species, of which about one-third is non-native. Uplands here are dominated by such trees as Ailanthus altissima and Populus deltoides, with an understory of Polygonum cuspidatum and Urtica dioica, but on this trip they also produced Cycloloma atriplicifolium, Lycopus europaeus, Mirabilis nyctaginea, Croton glandulosus, Leptoloma cognatum, Polygonum orientale and many other plants typical of disturbed habitats. A fine stand of Salix exigua, a very distinctive willow species, was found on the sandy shore of the Delaware River. A foray into a wet dredge-spoil impoundment produced Schoenoplectus pungens, S. smithii, Eleocharis ovata, Potamogeton diversifolius, Alisma subcordatum, Lud- wigia peploides and Lindernia dubia. Species noted but not seen previously at this site in- d Strophostyles leiosperma, Scirpus polyphyllus, Lupinus sp. and, not surprisingly, Poly- gonum perfoliatum, which has been expanding its range in the Delaware Valley. Participants: 14. Report by leader: Karl Anderson. clude 8 September (Monday): Lower (East) Pine Plains and adjacent Oswego River Savannas within the Air National Guard Range south of Warren Grove, Burlington County, New Jersey. Pre-registration to enter the federal range was required by participants. Both leaders have been engaged in conducting long-term, rare species surveys on this 9,416-acre diverse “firescape.” The group visited upland dwart-pine communities comprised of serotinous Pinus rigida, Quercus marilandica and Q. ilicifolia with an understory of fine cushions of Corema con- radii, at the species’ southern limit of range. Of special interest were the formerly bulldozed, regenerating, seepage strips bordering an airfield runway along with similarly created, aban- doned flight sight-lines. Both of these habitats are being managed by periodic prescribed burns. Among the diverse plants recorded here were Rhynchospora knieskernii (extensive occurrences), R. torreyana, R. alba, R. capitellata, Scleria minor, S. triglomerata, S. pauct- flora, Cyperus dentatus, Eleocharis tuberculosa, E. microcarpa, E. olivacea, Juncus scirpoides, 58 BARTONIA J. canadensis, J. pelocarpus, Drosera filiformis, Gentiana autumnalis, Liatris graminifolia, Lobelia nuttallu, Solidago stricta, Xyris difformis, Lycopodiella appressa, Vaccinium macro- carpon, Polygala nuttallii, Sorghastrum nutans, Amphicarpum purshii, Andropogon glom- eratus, Aristida longespica var. longespica, A. purpurascens var. virgata (= A. virgata), Muhlenbergia torreyana and Calamovilfa brevipilis. The latter two taxa were especially dominant in intermittently flooded, pitch pine lowland swales periodically swept by fire during droughts. Companion species here included Eriophorum virginicum, Agalinis vir- gata (= A. fasciculata), Gaylusaccia dumosa and Oclemena nemoralis. An Atlantic white-cedar swamp and sphagnous savannas bordering the Oswego River in the vicinity of a hunting cabin produced fine occurrences of Narthecium americanum, Juncus caesariensis and Calamovilfa brevipilis in association with Carex exilis, C. atlantica ssp. cap- illacea, C. livida, Rhynchospora gracilenta, R. cephalantha, R. alba, Scleria muhlenbergia, Eriophorum virginicum, Danthonia epilis, Xyris torta, X. difformis, Schizaea pusilla, Erio- caulon decangulare, Lophiola aurea and Triantha racemosa or T. glutinosa x T. racemosa. Rare peat mosses seen were Sphagnum cyclophyllum, S. perichaetiale and S. portoricense. A timber rattlesnake was also observed. We searched unsuccessfully for populations of Xyris fimbriata, Spiranthes laciniata, Eupatorium resinosum and Platanthera integra. Participants: 14. Leaders: Walt Bien and Ted Gordon. 13 September: Hamilton-Trenton Marsh, Duck Island created wetland, Mercer County, New Jersey. Four sites, Roebling Park / Spring Lake and three tidal freshwater areas along the Delaware River, yielded many interesting species of which only a few are noted here. At the Duck Island created wetland (comprising 94 acres, construction completed in 1994), where we walked across the north marsh to the Delaware River, we saw Amaranthus can- nabinus, Bidens laevis, Heteranthera reniformis, H. multiflora*, Mimulus alatus* and Ziza- nia aquatica var. aquatica (plants marked with an asterisk are New Jersey-listed rarities). The most conspicuous flowering species were Clematis terniflora (upland edge), Impatiens cap- ensis and Mtkania scandens. Several Polygonum species were well distributed; P. punctatum and P. hydropiper were prominent along the channel edge and P. sagittatum at higher eleva- tions. Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum (= Aster puniceus), Helenium autumnale and Vernonia noveboracensis were scattered on the tidal marsh, and E patori gosum, E. serotinum, Helianthus tuberosus and Verbesina alternfolia were found along the upland edges. Wetland invasives were also conspicuous. These were Lythrum salicaria, which does not appear to reduce species diversity in this wetland, and Phragmites australis, which, in contrast, is expanding. Due to time constraints, a small mitigation site of two acres completed in 2002 was incom- pletely surveyed. Artemisia annua, Polygonum caryii, P. lapathifolium and P. pensyluanicum grow in the upland disturbed areas. Despite the incoming tide, Sagittaria subulata* was found at the river’s edge just south of this constructed wetland. A population of more than a dozen plants of Bidens bidentoides* and three patches of Justicia americana were observed on the north side of the ramp at the Mercer County boat launch. Another species of interest there was Mazus pumilus. At Spring Lake was a patch of Eichhornia crassipes, which does not appear to overwinter at this location. Polygonum amphibium was in flower. Lemnaceae were Lemna minor, Spi- 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 59 rodela polyrhiza, Wolffia columbiana and Wolffiella floridana*. The last was restricted to the northwest corner of the forested island locally known as Beaver Point. Participants: 11 drenched botanists caught in a downpour at the very end of the trip. Leaders: Charles and Mary Leck; report by the latter. 26-28 September: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pike and Monroe Coun- ties, Pennsylvania, and Sussex County, New Jersey. This fall wildflower weekend was based at the Pocono Environmental Education Center. The group visited open meadows and for- est edges to identify asters, goldenrods and sunflowers. Pressed specimens were also studied in the evening in the laboratory. The new taxonomy of asters and goldenrods was discusse d The following species were observed and studied: Symphyotrichum cordifolium, S. laeve, S. lanceolatum, S. lateriflorum, S. novae-angliae, S. patens, S. pilosum, S. prenanthoides, S. con- color, S. puniceum, S. racemosum, S. urophyllum (= Aster sagittifolius), Eurybia divaricata, E. spectabilis, Ionactis linariifolius, Doellingeria umbellata, Oclemena acuminata, Solidago al- tissima, S. bicolor, S. caesia, S. canadensis, S. gigantea, S. juncea, S. nemoralis, S. odora, S. patula, S. puberula, S. rugosa, S. sempervirens, S. speciosa, Euthamia caroliniana, E. gramini- folia, Smallanthus uvedalius (= Polymnia uvedalia), Helianthus decapetalus, H. divaricatus and Heliopsis helianthoides. Report by leader: Bill Olson. with four-celled ascospores. Also found was a large red maple covered with Lobaria quer- cizans, a species thought possibly extirpated in New Jersey, and several small populations of Parmotrema gardner, an uncommon foliose lichen that occurs sporadically throughout southern New Jersey. The low sand barrens adjacent to the swamp also host an interesting assemblage of lichens (notably different from that of the barrens farther north in Atsion and Batsto), including Placynthiella uliginosa, which forms conspicuous, black, tar-like patches in sandy areas, and several species of Trapelia and Trapeliopsis typical of acid habitats. We also found Lecanora minutella abundantly growing on the edges of pine cones. While returning from the old- growth portions of the swamp, we explored a pin oak forest apparently experiencing regen- eration failure; the lichen flora here included a number of species not yet known from or considered rare in the region. TI ded il diat that could not be identified to genus and the inconspicuous Schismatomma glaucescens, which grows on the inner grooves of fissured oak bark. Participants: 52 (divided into two groups). Report by leaders: James Lendemer and Gerry Moore (see also the report on the trip to the same loca- tions on 26 and 27 April). severa ] is 2004 Field Trips 24 April: Burden Hill Forest, Quinton and Alloway Townships, Salem County, New Jersey. Natural Lands Trust associates and friends came to explore the last large woodland in Salem 60 BARTONIA County, an area known as the Burden Hill Forest. Here the Cohansey Formation, which is exposed between the Kirkwood and Bridgeton Formations, forms the setting for a unique flora, which combines characteristics of the Pine Barrens and the Inner Coastal Plain. Our trip included visits to three separate parcels protected by the Natural Lands Trust and New Jersey Conservation Foundation. The first site was southwest of Telegraph Road near the headwaters of a tributary to Cool Run. Oak — pine forest dominates the upland and a red maple wetland forest is associated with small streams and seeps. Numerous common coastal plain forest trees were identified including Quercus alba, Q. coccinea, Q. falcata, Q. prinus, Q. marilandica, Q. phellos and Q. velutina. Pinus rigida and P. virginiana are also common associates in the upland where disturbance was noted. Pinus echinata is present as a scattered canopy tree. Fagus grandifolia and sprouts of Castanea dentata occur on the finer-textured soils. Sassafras albidum and Prunus serotina occupy clearings and forest edges. The upland forest has an understory dominated by scattered thickets of Castanea pumila and Kalmia latifolia. A near-continuous ground cover of Gaylussacia baccata, G. frondosa and Vac- cinium pallidum was noted throughout. Upland sedges such as Carex tonsa, C. nigromar- ginata, C. swanii and C. pensylvanica were identified on most dirt paths and open areas. Upland grasses including Panicum dichotomum (= Dichanthelium d.), P. commutatum (= Dichanthelium c.), Danthonia spicata and Schizachyrium scoparium occur in the same loca- tions. We noted that even though cankers were present on both chestnut species, the smaller chin- quapin seems able to reproduce sexually before succumbing to the effects of the blight. t ly achieves this level of maturity and is represented in this forest only by stump sprouts or the occasional small tree. A fence lizard and a brown elfin butterfly also attracted our attention. erican 1, Red maple wetland forests surrounding the headwater seeps provided opportunities to see Helonias bullata and Listera australis in the Sphagnum-dominated forest floor. Both species were in full bloom. Listera occupies the upper edge of the Sphagnum mat where standing water is rare. Helonias is confined to sphag hummocks along the seeps and stream chan- nel. Lilium superbum, Platanthera blephariglottis and P. clavellata also were found in this habitat. We discovered multiple colonies of Amianthium muscaetoxicum and a single stand of Virginia bunchflower, Melanthium virginicum, growing in a similar headwater seep near Telegraph Road. Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (= Aster n.), Symplocarpus foetidus, Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea, C. collinsii and C. folliculata were noted in the same habitat. The second site inspected was a large parcel that includes a recently abandoned farm field adjacent to a stream corridor and upland forest. We saw several tall, straight specimens of Pinus rigida and scattered individuals of P. strobus. Ina recently cut Chamaecyparis thyoides stand we found that dense slash was providing some protection from browsing by deer during seedling establishment. Our last stop was along Old Stage Road northeast of the intersection of Route 49 and Co- hansey-Pecks Corner Road. This area of open field and woodland provided a view of an intact Atlantic white-cedar stand with a dense cover of Symplocarpus foetidus and scattered Trientalis borealis and Helonias bullata. Participants: 11. Leaders: Ann Rhoads, Steve Ei- senhauer and Joe Arsenault; report by the latter. 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 61 15 May (Saturday): Laurels Reserve, Newlin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania (Joint trip with the Brandywine Conservancy). On a sunny spring day nine Club and Con- servancy members met the leaders in the parking lot at the south end of the Laurels Reserve, a Brandywine Conservancy property carved out of the heart of the old King Ranch in the 1980s. Before passing the gate we examined the differences between the two largest local members of the carrot family, cow-parsnip (Heracleum lanatum) and the uncommon great angelica (Angelica atropurpurea) growing on the adjacent streambank. Once in the reserve proper we walked slowly along an old dirt road lined by forested slopes with occasional rock outcrops, noting as we moved north how the vegetation changed from young tuliptree — spicebush woodland to older oak — beech forest dotted with mountain-laurel (Kalmia lati- folia) and pinxter-flower (Rhododendron periclymenioides), the latter in bloom. On one rock outcrop just below the road we looked for and finally found a small wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis), the last remnant of a long-persistent but dwindling population. Beneath the oaks the steep uphill mossy slopes bore a carpet of blueberries, huckleberries and sedges, including the distinctive woodland bulrush (Trichophorum planifolium). A few trailing-arbutus (Epigaea repens) and patches of rockcap fern (Polypodium virginianum) were also seen. Crossing a lush grassy low streamside meadow and the first of two covered bridges, we examined the rich spring ephemeral flora of a steep wooded hillside, including Dutchman’s-breeches (Dicentra cucullaria), spider-flower (Tradescantia virginica) and bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia). The shrubby level north side of the trail yielded maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum) and bristly greenbrier (Smilax tamnoides). After lunch on the second covered bridge, we retraced our steps back to the parking lot. Report by leaders: Janet Ebert and Jack Holt. 22 May: Allaire State Park, Howell and Wall Townships, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Botanical Society. From the Interpretive Center we followed the Red Trail across a boardwalk through a floodplain forest along the Manasquan River domi- nated by Acer saccharum, Fraxinus pensylvanica and Carya cordiformis. Serious flooding during the previous winter had left large silt deposits and debris along the lower terraces. Despite large areas of the floodplain being overgrown with Microstegium vimineum, we still found a nice variety of fl ing species, including Anemone quinquefolia, Arabis laevigata, Arisaema triphyllum, A. dracontium, Asarum canadense, Cardamine concatenata, Claytonia virginica, Maianthemum canadense, Ornithogalum umbellatum, Oxalis violacea, Ranuncu- lus abortivus, Trientalis borealis and Veratrum viride. Alliaria petiolata was abundant near the river’s edge, as were the remains of Dicentra cucullaria. On the upper edge of the flood- plain, we were pleased to find adder’s-tongue fern, Ophioglossum pusillum (= O. vulgatum var. pseudopodum) fully emerged, flowering golden ragwort, Senecio aureus, and lily-leaved twayblade, Liparis liltifolia, which was just beginning to flower. After lunch we stopped at an old cemetery north of the main park complex. Here we found the rare Valerianella radiata growing nearby in an open, damp area protected under ease- ment. Other species encountered at this stop were Comandra umbellata, Vicia tetrasperma, Veronica chamaedrys, Potentilla argentea, Helianthemum canadense and Piptochaetium avenaceum. Our last stop for the day was at a successional old field within another section of the park, site of a former home and adjacent mesic forest. Species added to the day’s list were Krigia 62 BARTONIA biflora, Penstemon digitalis, Viola palmata, V. primulifolia, V. macloskeyi, V. pubescens, Aralia nudicaulis, Lycopodium clavatum and Listera australis. Participants: ca. 20. Report by leader: Linda Kelly. 12 June: Thompson Park, Middletown, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Leader: Steve Glenn. 13-17 June: Bruce Peninsula, Ontario. The joint field meeting of the Philadelphia Botanical Club, the Torrey Botanical Society and the Northeastern Section of the Botanical Society of America took place on the Bruce Peninsula, the dolomite ridge that separates Georgian Bay from the main body of Lake Huron. Housing and meals were at the Wildwood Lodge in Red Bay. Sites visited included the traditional botanical destinations: the dunes at Au Sable Beach, Oliphant Fen, the fen and forest at Petrel Point Preserve, and Flowerpot Island. We also went to some lesser-known sites at the base of the Peninsula including Bayview Escarp- ment Nature Preserve, Inglis Falls, MacGregor Point Provincial Park and Inverhuron Pro- vincial Park. A few local plant species of particular interest included the ferns Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum, Polystichum lonchitis and Cryptogramma stelleri; the or- chids Corallorhiza striata, Calypso bulbosa, Cypripedium arietinum and Listera ovata; and other taxa such as Hypericum kalmianum, Lithospermum caroliniense, Cirsium pitcheri and Anemone multifida. The trip leaders were Alan Anderson, Nels Maher and John Pedlar. Evening lectures included “Nature on the Bruce Peninsula” by Joan and Walter Crowe; “Geological Highlights of the Bruce Peninsula” by Victor Last; “Orchids of the Bruce Pen- insula” by Alan Anderson; and “Bruce Peninsula National Park” by Ethan Meleg. Local guides and speakers were recruited by Joan Crowe. The field meeting was chaired by Nancy Williams. Participants: 73, from 11 states. Report by Karl Anderson. 17 July: Intermittent Hampton-Central Ponds, Wharton State Forest, Burlington County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Botanical Society. Enroute to the target site, we stopped along Carranza Road just southeast of Hampton Gate to see a small, flowering population of the globally rare (G3G4) Pityopsis falcata (= Chrysopsis f.), growing on the exposed sand of an embankment. The sickle-leaved gold ter reaches tl tl imit of its range in New Jersey, where it is known from just three counties, Burlington, Ocean and Atlantic. Near the Carranza Memorial, we saw Stylisma pickeringii var. pickeringii in flower, also growing in exposed mineral soil. At the northern limit of its range, this state-endangered morning-glory has survived a long history of vehicular abuse at this site. We drove about one mile west on High Crossing Road, a sand trail, and then headed south on another trail to reach the vicinity of a cluster of three intermittent ponds (“Hampton- Central”), situate d about il theast of Hampton Furnace and 400 yards north of the abandoned Jersey Central Railroad. From here we hiked some 800 yards west to the ponds, through a pitch-pine lowland swale, whose canopy had been consumed in a recent wildfire. This ecotone community provided a diverse assemblage of plants including Calamovilfa brevipilis, Andropogon glomeratus, A. virginicus, Rhynchospora torreyana, R. capitellata, Scleria minor, S. triglomerata, Xerophyllum asphodeloides, Bartonia virginica, Lobelia nut- tallit, Polygala lutea, Pyxidanthera barbulata, Lechea racemulosa, Hudsonia ericoides, Mo- 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 63 rella pensylvanica (= Myrica p.), Leucothoe racemosa, Gaylussacia dumosa, G. baccata and G. frondosa. We next explored adjacent “Big Pond,” an estimated 3 to 4 acres in size and covered by 6 to 8 inches of water. Shrubs encircling the open pond included lex glabra, Decodon verticil- latus, Vaccinium corymbosum, V. macrocarpon, Kalmia angustifolia, Lyonia mariana and Chamaedaphne calyculata. Also growing in this outer band, both g the shrubs and a bit beyond, were Juncus biflorus, J. canadensis, ]. pelocarpus, Eleocharis tuberculosa, Rhyncho- spora alba, R. fusca, R. gracilenta, Carex barrattii, C. striata, C. livida, C. bullata, Cyperus dentatus, Muhlenbergia torreyana, Panicum virgatum, Sphagnum cyclophyllum, Lobelia canbyi, Polygala cruciata and Platanthera blephariglottis. Dominating the interior of the pond were Eleocharis robbinsit, Cladi iscoides, Xyri lli d Panicum spretum. Present in lesser quantities were Saccharum giganteum (= Erianthus giganteus), Nymphaea odorata, Nymphoides cordata, Brasenia schreberi, Dulichium arundinaceum, Utricularia striata, Triadenum virginicum, Proserpinaca pectinata, Eriocaulon decangulare, E. aquati- cum and E. compressum, the latter with flower heads decomposing. Although we saw three plants of Rhexia virginica in bloom, we did not encounter—as the leaders did in 2003— several specimens of a Rhexia that likely was a hybrid with features of R. aristosa (S1). Iden- tification of this “mystery” plant will require further study. Our most significant find was a fine population of at least 28 fruiting culms of Panicum hirstit (= Dichanthelium h.), confined to the southwestern section of the pond. This panic grass, recorded in Burlington County for the first time, is critically imperiled globally. The new record is the larger of only two occurrences currently reported to be extant in the state. We briefly explored nearby “South Pond,” less than 1.5 acres in size and covered with about 2 inches of water. Readily observed species were Cladium mariscoides, Scleria minor, Juncus canadensis, Rhynchospora pallida, Calamovilfa brevipilis and Muhlenbergia torreyana. The floral displays of Hypericum denticulatum, Lophiola aurea, Utricularia juncea and Sabatia difformis were especially attractive. A herpetological highlight was seeing the state- endangered corn snake, Elapha guttata, partially submerged in water. “Southwest Pond,” the smallest of the three ponds visited, had Eriocaulon compressum, Lachnanthes caroliniana and considerable stands of Woodwardia virginica and Rhynchospora cephalantha ($3). Our final stop was a pitch-pine lowland savanna severely impacted by off-road vehicles along the south side of the Jersey Central Railroad tracks. Here we searched unsuccessfully for a known occurrence of Rhynchospora nitens ($2). Many of the same species we had seen earlier also occurred here. Participants: 14. Leaders: Russell Juelg and Ted Gordon. 24 July: Franklin Parker Preserve, Chatsworth, Burlington County, New Jersey. Leader: Emile De Vito. 7 August: Fairfield, Greenwich, and Stow Creek Townships, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Botanical Society. This trip began in Springtown, Green- wich Township, in the vicinity of Pine Mount (Mount Gibbon) where there is a small pine- lands outlier that includes an abandoned cranberry bog. The leader noted that Bessie Ayars Andrews in her Historical Sketches of Greenwich in Old Cohansey (1905) commented on the 64 BARTONIA local flora, which included spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), moccasin-flower (Cypripedium acaule), trailing-arbutus (Epigaea repens), American holly (Ilex opaca), mountain-laurel (Kalmia latifolia) and sweet-bay (Magnolia virginiana). Andrews wrote that the wealth of the flora “afforded us girls more happiness than the glittering gold of Ophir or the sparkling diamonds of India could possibly have given us in later years.” The group focused its efforts on the upland areas in the vicinity of the Springtown Cemetery along Springtown Road, east of Pine Mount Creek. Here the group noted Gray’s flatsedge (Cyperus grayt), trailing milk pea (Galactia regularis) and pine barren heather (Hudsonia ericoides). The rare narrowleaf bluecurls (Trichostema setaceum) was noted growing with common bluecurls (7. dichotomum). Other rare species noted were velvety-leaved trefoil (Desmodium viridiflorum) and poison-oak (Toxicodendron pubescens). The group then explored a low woods at Davis Mill adjacent to Macanippuck Run in Stow Creek Township. Here, as in most low woods of this area, Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lyco- podium d.) and Lycopodium obscurum were common. A single specimen of Populus del- toides was also noted. Open, rich wetlands adjacent to an active farm field were then studied in Gum Tree Corner Wildlife Management Area. Here the group observed a large popula- tion of robust specimens of the rare Rotala ramosior, and puzzled over whether a large Carex observed was C. lupulina or C. lupuliformis (the leader later concluded, with some reserva- tion, that it was C. upulina). The rare Hypericum gymnanthum was also observed. Other species noted here included Apios americana, Galium tinctorium, Juncus acuminatus, Lindernia dubia and four Polygonum species, P. cespitosum var. longisetum, P. pensylvani- cum, P. lapathifolium and P. punctatum var. confertiflorum. The group then returned to Greenwich Township and visited a young, moist forest in Stath- ems Neck to see a population of Goodyera pubescens in bloom. Along Wheaton Island Road, the group saw an excellent specimen of Quercus stellata that measured 11 feet, 1 inch in circumference at breast height, 1 inch smaller than New Jersey’s largest recorded specimen in Haddonfield, Camden County. In a roadside ditch, a large population of Tripsacum dacty- loides was noted. The last stop of the day was in an upland woodland edge in Gouldtown, Fairfield Township. Here a fine stand of the state-endangered Vernonia glauca was seen in bloom. Bayard Long last reported this species from Cumberland County in 1935. Other species noted here in- cluded the rare Desmodium laevigatum, Crataegus uniflora, Helianthus tuberosus, Monotropa hypopithys and Quercus prinoides. Participants: 12. Thanks are due Warren Ad- ams, Cumberland County Historical Society, for providing a copy of Bessie Ayars An- drews’ account of Pine Mount. Report by leader: Gerry Moore. 8 August: Big Goose and Little Goose Ponds, Atlantic County, New Jersey. Situated at the head of Landing Creek, these two intermittent ponds have been the destination of scores of field trips ever since Frank and the late Bob Hirst in the 1950s apprised the botanical com- munity of their unusual flora. Rare species that have been reported from both ponds include Panicum hemitomon, Rhexia aristosa*, Rhynchospora inundata, Sagittaria teres, Nympb- oides cordata, Lobelia canbyi, Sphagnum macrophyllum, Utricularia purpurea and Ludwigia linearis (species marked with an asterisk are state-endangered). Confined only to Big Goose Pond is Eleocharis equisetoides*, while Lobelia boykinu*, Utricularia olivacea* and U. re- 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 65 supinata* are here only known from Little Goose Pond. Because of their enormous size both ponds present a special challenge. We accessed Big Goose Pond from the northwest via a small drainage ditch in which we observed the following sphagnum species: Sphagnum tenerum, S. compactum, S. magellani- cum and S. cuspidatum. Dominant throughout the flooded pond (containing about 5 to 6 inches of water) is Sphagnum cuspidatum; the rare S. macrophyllum occurs around the rim. In the southern lobe, it was encouraging to see some 30 flowering stalks of Rhexia aristosa and an even greater number still in bud. During the past few years, this population of the globally rare awned meadow-beauty has been increasing. Also here in flower were Eriocau- lon aquaticum, Xyris smalliana, Spiraea tomentosa, Utricularia striata and U. cornuta. Fur- ther to the east, several fruiting spikes of Rhynchospora inundata were found growing among such dominant species as Cladium mariscoides, Eleocharis robbinsii and Panicum hemitomon. Our search in this vicinity for Eleocharis equisetoides, one of our target species, was unsuccessful. Other species seen included Rhynchospora fusca, Panicum spretum, P. rigidulum, Triadenum virginicum, Juncus pelocarpus, J. effusus, Sagittaria englemaniana, Dulichium arundinaceum, Schoenoplectus subterminalis, Lobelia canbyi, Nymphaea odo- rata and Utricularia purpurea. In Little Goose Pond, inundation was less uniform, and substantial areas of pond bottom were exposed. In shallow water along the northern border, we succeeded in rediscovering New Jersey’s only known occurrence of Utricularia olivacea. This diminutive, white- flowered bladderwort, discovered here by the Hirst brothers, was last seen by the leader on 6 August 1989. Initially it was thought that the tiny submersed plants we examined were seedlings of Utricularia geminiscapa, since they appeared to have submersed cleistogamous flowers. However, subsequent examination under the microscope revealed those structures to be tiny winter buds on diminutive pedicels. No cleistogamous flowers were present. In- deed, all other dimensions proved to be those of mature Utricularia olivacea. We did not succeed in relocating the elusive Lobelia boykinii. However, we did see in flower more Lo- belia canbyi, more Rhexia aristosa, and six Sagittarta t Also noted were our three species of Drosera, Eleocharis tuberculosa, E. olivacea, E. microcarpa, Panicum verrucosum, P. hemitomon, seedlings of Lachnanthes caroliniana, Nymphoides cordata, and yellow patches of Gratiola aurea. Leader: Ted Gordon. 14 August: Bennett Bogs Preserve, Property of The Nature Conservancy and New Jersey Conservation Foundation, Cape May County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Bo- tanical Society. In his article “Bennett Bog Now a Nature Sanctuary,” (Bartonta 28, 1957), Edgar T. Wherry stated that in the 1850s Bennett Bog “was a favorite site for duck shooting, ice skating, and cutting ice ...” Over the years, the two “bogs,” which actually are meadow- like depressions, have become drier. Wherry also pointed out that mosquito-related ditching of the site had changed the hydrology. On 24 July 1907, two Philadelphia botanists, Bayard Long and S. S. Van Pelt, recorded the first rare plants, Platanthera nivea and Boltonia aster- oides var. glastifolia, at this site. Since that time numerous botanists have traveled to Bennett Bogs “to see for themselves the remarkable assemblage of plants growing there. The North Pond was somewhat wet with perhaps 2 inches of water. Plants of interest noted here were Eleocharis quadrangulata, E. microcarpa, E. tuberculosa, Rhynchospora mac- 66 BARTONIA rostachya, Hypericum denticulatum, Panicum wrightianum (= Dichanthelium w.), Lud- wigia alterniflora, L. sphaerocarpa, Sium suave and an abundance of Scleria reticularis. We found only a few plants of the unusual Eryngium aquaticum. Regrettably, our search for Platanthera nivea and the unusual wrinkled joint grass, Coelorachis rugosa, both state- endangered species, was unsuccessful. The former, once abundant here, has been seen only on rare Occasions in recent years. A population of Phragmites australis continues to persist near the western edge of the pond. The South Pond, choked by Panicum hemitomon, contained some water as well. Polygonum amphibium and Eleocharis quadrangulata were abundant, but only one clump of Eleocharis melanocarpa was observed. We cut through the woods in the direction of the rear pond. Along a ditch near the pond we searched unsuccessfully for a population of cypress swamp sedge, Carex joorii, recently reported here. Sections of the pond were covered by a foot of water. We saw Juncus canadensis, Leersia oryzoides, Triadenum virginicum, Scirpus cyperi- nus, Eleocharis quadrangulata, Utricularia geminiscapa and Chasmanthium laxum. Thanks are due Karl Anderson and Ted Gordon for their input and to Gerry Moore for maintaining a list of species observed. A species list may be requested from the leader at 856-696-8554. Participants: 18. Report by leader: Renee Scagnelli. 27-29 August: Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, Pike and Monroe Counties, Pennsylvania and Sussex County, New Jersey. This fern and fern allies weekend was based at the Pocono Environmental Education Center. The group visited some of the woodlands, wetlands, and rocky ledges in the park to learn to identify quillworts (/ soetes), spikemosses (Selaginella), clubmosses (Lycopodium, Huperzia and Diphasiastrum), and true ferns. Pressed specimens were also studied in the evening in the laboratory. The changing tax- onomy for ferns and fern allies was discussed. The following species were observed and studied: Adiantum pedatum, Asplenium platyneuron, A. rhizophyllum, A. trichomanes, Athyrium filix-femina, Botrychium dissectum, Cheilanthes lanosa, Cystopteris bulbifera, C. protrusa, C. tenuis, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Deparia acrostichoides, Dryopteris carthusi- ana, D. clintoniana, D. cristata, D. intermedia, Equisetum arvense, Gymnocarpium dryopteris, Huperzia lucidula, Isoetes engelmannit, Diphasiastrum digitatum, D. tris- tachyum, Lycopodium clavatum, L. hickeyi, L. obscurum, Matteuccia struthiopteris, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda cinnamomea, O. claytoniana, O. regalis var. spectabilis, Phegopteris con- nectilis, P. hexagonoptera, Polypodium virginianum, Polystichum acrostichoides, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Selaginella apoda, S. rupestris, Thelypteris noveboracensis, T. palustris var. pubescens, Woodsia ilvensis and W. obtusa. Report by leader: Bill Olson. 11 September: Unexpected Wildlife Refuge, Gloucester and Atlantic Counties, New Jersey. This refuge is a 600-acre complex of hardwood swamps, upland forests, ponds and small clearings, straddling the Atlantic-Gloucester County line northwest of Buena. It has been managed as a wildlife sanctuary since 1954 (when it included only 85 acres). The purposes of this field trip, besides the usual ones of educating and entertaining the participants, were to introduce a new, publicly accessible site and to begin a plant list for the refuge. Some of the species seen around the pond edges included Lobelia cardinalis, L. siphilitica, Bidens coro- nata, Pontederia cordata, Drosera intermedia, Decodon verticillatus, Rhynchospora mac- rostachya, R. alba, Cladium mariscoides and a single, flowering plant of Spiranthes odorata. A small, isolated, pine barrens-type fen had Carex striata, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Brase- 2003-2004 FIELD TRIPS 67 nia schreberi and Utricularia striata. Upland forests had such species as Quercus falcata, Q. stellata, Carya pallida, Monotropa uniflora, M. hypopithys and the lichens Cladonia clavu- lifera, C. strepsilis, C. coniocraea and C. chlorophaea. Hardwood swamps had the expected Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Magnolia virginiana, Aronia arbutifolia, Ilex laevi- gata, I. verticillata, Carex collinsii, C. folliculata and the ferns Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, Woodwardia areolata, W. virginica, Thelypteris palustris and T. simulata. 174 species of vascular plants were listed during the trip. Participants: 12. Report by leader: Karl Ander- son. 11 September: Hamilton-Trenton-Bordentown Marsh, Mercer County, New Jersey. Joint trip with the Torrey Botanical Club. The areas visited were the edge of the Delaware River at the Trenton boat launch on Lamberton Road, areas at the east fringe of the marsh near Watson Creek, including the edge of the creek, a bluff hillside, and sedge-alder swamp. Along the Delaware River species included several robust plants of Bidens bidentoides*, as well as Chelone glabra*, Datura stramonium*, Helenium autumnale*, Heteranthera reni- formis, Justicia americana, Lobelia siphilitica*, Lycopus europaeus*, Lycopus virginicus*, Maclura pomifera, Mazus pumila*, Mirabilis nyctaginea*, Scutellaria galericulata*, Verbe- sina alternifolia* and Vernonia noveboracensis (plants marked with an asterisk were seen in flower). Near Watson Creek were Aptos americana, Bidens laevis, Heteranthera multiflora*, Hypericum mutilum*, Lycopus americanus*, Osmorhiza longistylis, Panicum anceps*, Phy- socarpus opulifolius, Sagittaria subulata (large mats underwater), Scrophularia marilandica* and Tridens flavus var. flavus*. On the bluff hillside were Hieracium paniculatum, Paro- nychia canadensis*, Silene stellata* and Solidago caesia. In the sedge-alder swamp were Al- nus incana ssp. rugosa, A. serrulata, Asclepias incarnata, Carex stricta, Ilex verticillata, Rosa palustris, Sagittaria latifolia and Saururus cernuus. Vines that occurred in several locations were Clematis terniflora*, Dioscorea villosa, Humulus japonicus*, Mikania scandens*, Poly- gonum sagittatum*, P. scandens* and Sicyos angulatus*. Other broadly distributed species included Impatiens capensis, Polygonum punctatum, P. virginicum* and Pontederia cordata. Across Watson Creek in the tidal marsh many blackbirds were feeding at the abundant Zizania aquatica™. Participants: 12. Leaders: Charlie and Mary Leck; report by the latter. ; . rn ; be Sa Hig, Pires se pare : : Ale Sea Pe ee Pe Ree ace ee ror Ree REG, Perey Bore ee -* ee Hurt ee i Rast? Hind oe Fad ARTE nce cea 5 nite Ett e re pares seeatler CaN bie Sti Sar Fe eT = ghana: 1 a SS ete tit} vk is; LAS sit appara Bis ee tetiadd ews mid ips ¥ py SPT eee tii sein ry heh tae t ef aveky ca PbRR Barcel Akt ‘er ta ) t ", acihek a ary ) eb pine Smt SOS aaa “Baier F ‘ . ‘ AON es eh 13 bee, Bim tie + ae hat spavineea et TES RAM RT irdie. aoa ae re ied hy: re eiey ay wae \ ) ; BE in ey ees ae ‘ ‘ el Taal ames sslealie: a Oe aon ee ¥ 2 a = Sars y ea 7 i _ Ree ae te afar e047 vies é sf ag ve re vs Bartonia No. 63: 69, 2006 Program of Meetings September 2005-May 2006 Date Subject Speaker 2005 22 Sep Members’ Reports on Summer Botanizing 27 Oct Getting Wet with Plants in Eastern Pennsylvania Lakes eee emer rrr et Ann F, Rhoads and Timothy A. Block, The Morris Arboretum 17 Nov Morphology and Distribution of Juncus longii—Clarifying its Status as eo a Wesley M. Knapp, Maryland Department of Natural Resources 15 Dec Fire, Rain, and Flowering along Florida’s Lake Wales Ridge and Adventures Mmithe Pvetgianes 29.5 ies o8s #4 ee eS Amy E. Faivre, Cedar Crest College 2006 26 Jan Floristic Resources of Evansburg State Park, Montgomery County, POUgVIVGINE 6s 6456 bee es Nancy Khan, Wissahickon Restoration Volunteers 23 Feb Plant Diversity in New Jersey Pinelands Fens (a.k.a. Savannas) tend ei aur Soe eee ee oe ore ek Matt she Columbia University 23 Mar The Native Grasslands and Meadows of a er Past, Present, Se ae 5 oo ie see he 4 ee FOES BS oger Latham, eee Conservation 27 Apr A Southern California Spring Odyssey — Desert Wildflowers in a Record Rainfall oe eee uglas Ripley, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force cage ae aad Division (retired) 25 May pene are Seep-Weeds and Sea-Blites: Systematics of the Gen po | a eS eee ee ee ae Wayne R. Ferren, “ ae Consulting shail Sah pital Pola a a ra ‘ie ae: oe pareait a s : 17 es eines ities ¥ e ‘ems oe Soak eed ge mihi * eta 4 oa hae te eee 7 ta somata incr on fa Pabstaed re? ai ‘a CIPS et nese ae uae ih hae x dete 3 ; fess Pesivenivhe Phar aps 2 t - io 7 aes e ee tte Bartonia No. 63: 71-78, 2006 2006-2007 Membership List Honorary Members PARLEY, ELIZABETH B.—600 E. Cathedral Rd., Apt. A308, Philadelphia, PA 19128, 215-984-8721 NEWBOLD, ANN—411 N. Middletown Rd., Apt. E-111, Media, PA 19063, 610-754-7573 SCHUYLER, ALFRED E.—The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benj. Franklin Pkwy. Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-299-1193, schuyler@acnatsci.org Life Members ARSENAULT, JOE—961 Clark Ave., Franklinville, NJ 08322, njplants@aol.com BIEN, WALTER—144 Summit Ave., Langhorne, PA 19047, 215-752-3762, walter.bien@verizon.net GLass, AMELIA— 135 Washington Ave., Pitman, NJ 08071, 856-589-6435 GREENLAND, CHRISTINE MANVILLE—790 E. Street Rd., Warminster, PA 18974, 215-322-4105 HOLT, ROBERT J.—1611 Smith Bridge Rd., Chadds Ford, PA 19317-9170, 610-459-0585 IRETON, MARY LoU—213 4th Ave., Haddon Heights, NJ 08035, 856-547-1118 LAUER, DAVID—49 Cornell Ave., Churchville, PA 18966, 215-357-2646, dml100@aol.com, dml100@att.net MCLEAN, ELIZABETH— 139 Cherry Ln., Wynnewood, PA 19096-1208, 610-642-4196, epmclean@comcast.net MCLEAN III, WILLIAM— 139 Cherry Ln., Wynnewood, PA 19096-1208, 610-642-4196, epmclean@comcast.net Moore, GERRY—Brooklyn Botanic Gardens, 1000 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11225, 718-623-7332, gerrymoore@bbg.org O’HERRON, JOHN—220 Washington St., Mount Holly, NJ 08060, 609-261-0711, sturgey2@aol.com OLSON, WILLIAM— 1005 Lakewood-Farmingdale Rd., Howell, NJ 07727, 732-938-3187, wolson3@optonline.com PATRICK, RUTH—750 Thomas Rd., Philadelphia, PA 19118 PALMER, MATTHEW—1518 Millstone River Rd., Hillsborough, NJ 08844, 908-359-2073, mipalmer@eden.rutgers.edu RHOADs, ANN—3 Blythewood Rd., Doylestown, PA 18901, 215-348-8139, thoadsaf@pobox.upenn.edu ROBERTS, WILLIAM H.—1922 Rittenhouse Sq., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-569-5632, roberts@blankrome.com RYAN, NANCY—2355 Oakdale Ave., Glenside, PA 19038-4220 STAILEY, HELEN M.—8701 Macon St., Philadelphia, PA 19152, 215-673-8163 STEVENS, CHARLES E.—615 Preston Pl., Charlottesville, VA 22903, 804-293-8658 THOMPSON, SUE—129 E. Sycamore St., Pittsburgh, PA 15211-1719, 412-622-3295 TREADWAY, SUSAN— 1509 Monk Rd., Gladwyne, PA 19035, 610-642-8050, sptreadway@aol.com Sponsoring Members EVANS, JANET— Library, Pennsylvania Historical Society, 100 N. 20th St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-988-8779, jevans@pennhort.org FRICK, JULIA—Blair 213, 1400 Waverly Rd., Gladwyne, PA 19035-1265, 610-645-8863 HAMILTON, MARSHALL—18 Lakewood Dr., Media, PA 19063, mhamil2741@aol.com HENRY FOUNDATION FOR BOTANICAL RESEARCH—801 Stony Ln., Gladwyn, PA 19035-0007, 610-525-2037 72 BARTONIA JUELG, RUSSELL J.—79 Grassy Lake Rd., Shamong, NJ 08088 russelljuelg@comcast.net, russell@pinelandsalliance.org LiBByY, VALENCIA—607 Cloverly Ave., Jenkintown, PA 19046, 215-576-5725 KIMELMAN, GAY —2212 St. James PI., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-563-0285, gkimelman@yahoo.com KNIPPER, THERESA —22 Lafayette Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, 609-688-3313, phoebistess@aol.com PINELANDS PRESERVATION ALLIANCE—114 Hanover St., Pemberton, NJ 08068, 609-894-8000, ppa@pinelandsalliance.or QUIGLEY, PATRICIA— 1080 Quarry Hall Rd., Norristown, PA 19403, 610-584-1829, paqinc@aol.com ROWAN, JANE—Schnabel Engineering Assoc., Inc., 510 E. Gay St., West Chester, PA 19380, 610-696-6066, jrowan@schnabel-eng.com RuDyYJ, ERICH—1021 Irwins Choice, Bel Air, MD 21014, 410-420-8973, pamruch@hotmail.com SCHNEIDER, WILLIAM—340 Sugartown Rd., Apt. C93, Devon, PA 19333-2346, 610-431-2449, schndrw@aol.com SWEETMAN, HAROLD—Jenkins Arboretum, 631 Berwyn Baptist Rd., Devon, PA 19333, 610-647-8870, harold@jenkinsarboretum.org Regular Members ADAMS, MORTON —The Olive Natural Heritage Society, Inc., 212 High Point Rd., West Shokan, NY 12494 ALDHAM, ALBERT— 1660 Hemlock Farms, Hawley, PA 18428 AMOS, SANDRA—41 Laurel Rd., Clementon, NJ 08021, 856-346-2242 ANDERSON, KARL—Rancocas Nature Center, 46 North Childs St., Woodbury, NJ 08060, 609-267-2195, rancoc@bellatlantic.net AUSTIN, DAVID—56 Pierson Rd., Maplewood, NJ 07040, 973-714-0013, davidaustin@verizon.net BALDWIN, DON—4240 Fairview Ave., Newtown Square, PA 19073, 610-353-1550 BAUCHSPIES, JAMES—4320 Chetwin Terr., Easton, PA 18045-4908, 610-253-8925 BENJAMIN, JESSIE —366 Chatham Rd., West Grove, PA 19390, 610-869-4285, jessie@taprootnativedesign.com BIDDLE, DORRELL—701 Washington Ave., Palmyra, NJ 08065, 856-829-0748, dell2733@aol.com BLOCK, TIMOTHY —203 Juniper Ct., Zieglerville, PA 19492-9724, 215-234-0645, block@pobox.upenn.edu BOWELL, MICHAEL—2148 Bodine Rd., Malvern, PA 19355, 610-827-1268, mwb@createascene.com BOWERS, MARK—279 Orr Rd., West Newton, PA 15089, 724-872-5232, mousemapper@verizon.net BoyD, ANNA—181 Highland Ave., Montclair, NJ 07042, 973-796-5817 BRAM, MARGOT—312 Bethlehem Pike, Ft. Washington, PA 19034 BRINTON, EDWARD—424 Crosslands Dr., Kennett Square, PA 19348 BROTHERSON, ROBERT —P.O. Box 179, Revere, PA 18953, 610-847-1005, nellsboy@epix.net Buck, WILLIAM—New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, 718-817-8624, bbuck@nybg.org CAIAZZA, NICHOLAS—5 Dorothea Terr., Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, ncaiazza@gateway.net Carr, DEBBIE—314 E. Highland Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19118, 215-242-0734 wechslercarr@earthlink.net CASEY, CINDY—7901 Henry Ave., B101, Philadelphia, PA 19128, 215-508-0699, ccdakota@hotmail.com CHATWIN, KATAERINE—56 Upper Creek Rd., Stockton, NJ 08559, 908-996-3744 CHELSVIG, GORDANA—308 Woodbine Ave., Narberth, PA 19072, 610-667-2581, mainlinenutrition@yahoo.com CLARKE, ELIZABETH— 1127 Emily St., Philadelphia, PA 19148, 401-419-4410, elizabeth.clarke@nj.usda.gov MEMBERSHIP LIST 73 CONNOR, J.—35 Clarks Landing Rd., Port Republic, NJ 08241, 604-652-5143, jconnor@stockton.edu Cook, BUD—HC 1, Box 1117, Blakeslee, PA 18610, rcook@tnc.org COONEY, PATRICK—221 Mt. Hope Blvd., Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706, 914-478-1803, plcooney@aol.com COURTNEY, JOHN—439 Gladstone Ave., Haddonfield, NJ 08033, 856-429-4987 CRICHTON, OLIVER—726 Loveville Rd., Ctg. 5, Hockessin, DE 19707, 302-235-0571, crichton@magpage.com CURRAN, JOHN—Curran Assocs., 57 Morehouse Ln., Redhook, NY 12571, 845-758-0400, curran@proceedings.com DANZENBAKER, JAY—607 Cloverly Ave., Jenkintown, PA 19046, 215-576-5725, vlibby@temple.edu Davis, CHARLES— 1510 Bellona Ave., Lutherville, MD 21093-5525, 410-252-4154, cadavis@bepl.net DECASTRO, LINDA—1100 Concord Dr., Bridgewater, NJ 08807, |.decastro@worldnet.att.net DENNE-HINNOV, BOEL—1-D Hibben Apts., Faculty Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540-5508, 609-921-1272, hinnov2001@yahoo.com DENNY, GUY—6021 Mt. Gilead Rd., Fredericktown, OH 43019-9513, 740-694-6087, guydenny@ecr.net DIEDRICH, ARMON—502 Highland Terr., Pitman, NJ 08071-1524, 856-589-8455 Donpps, JILL—56 Tumble Falls Rd., Stockton, NJ 08559, 908-996-3214, jsdodds@biostarassociates.com DOUGLAS, KIM—109 Penarth Rd., Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, 610-667-3997, oe com Dorn, RUTH—800 Trenton Rd., Apt. 244, Langhorne, PA 19047, 732-932-8165 ext. 30 rdorn@aesop.rutgers.e DRAUDE, TIMOTHY —415 Poplar St., Lancaster, PA 17603, 717-393-7233 DUGGAN, CLARE—316 Wright St., Philadelihia, PA 19128, 215-487-7515, moira @verizon.net DumIc, MARK J.— —310 Stanton Ct., Glen Mills, PA 19342, 484-840-1327, dumic@swarthmore.edu EBERT, JANET—1611 Smith Bridge Rd., Chadds Ford, PA 19317-9170, 610-459-0585 EDINGER, GREG—442 Ryan Rd., Srcceie: NJ 12834, 518-692-1725, gedinger@tnc.org EIGENRAUCH, JANE—P.O. Box 85, Red Bank, NJ 07701, 732-842-0690 EISENMAN, SASHA—Dept. of Plant Biology and Pathology, 237 Foran Hall/Cook Campus, 59 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, eisenman@eden.rutgers.edu EVANS, WILLIAM—5 Foxwood Ln., Media, PA 19063, 610-627-9288 FALLON, HENRY —243 Vernon Rd., Monroe, NJ 08831, 609-395-1909, henry.fallon@verizon.net FARNON, CHRISTA— 1418 Surrey Ln., Wynnewood, PA 19096, 610-649-2668, christa.farnon@drexel.edu FEDERICI, ANTONIO— Golder Associates, 24 Commerce St., Suite 430, Newark, NJ 07102, 201-864-8992, tony_federici@golder.com FERREN, WAYNE R., JR.—67 Main St., Vincentown, NJ 08088, ypopaga net FIELD, STEPHEN—5 Evelyn Ave., Vineland, NJ 08360, 856-691-586 FIELD, THERESA—5 Evelyn Ave., Vineland, NJ 08360, 856-691- te FINE, NORMAN—73 Nature Ln., Sewell, NJ 08080-2145, 856-218-4809, handnfine@comcast.net FINE, HELEN—73 Nature Ln., Sewell, NJ 08080-2145, 856-218-4809, handnfine@gateway.net FLANIGAN, TONI—662 W. Johnson St., Philadelphia, PA 19144, 215-951-9211, toniann@philadelphiagardens.com FLISSER, DANIEL — Dept. of Biology, Camden County College, P-O. Box 200, Blackwood, NJ, 08012, 856-309-1499, dflisser@camdencc.e FOGaARASI, KASIA—317 Roxborough Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19128, 215-482-3835, kasiankal@aol.com FORD, JOANNE—729 Westview Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19119, 215-844-8054, jb.ford@verizon.net 74 BARTONIA FRANKLIN, CAROL —532 W. Springfield Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19118, 215-248-2783, franklincl@andropogon.com GARBACK, MARY —3839 Janice St., Philadelphia, PA 19114-2826, 215-332-7105 GODDARD, PAUL—127 N. Van Pelt St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-557-0187 GoFF, ELINOR—791 College Ave., Apt. 1, Haverford, PA 19041, 215-247-5777 GooD, NORMA—745 Redman Ave., Haddonfield, NJ 08033, 856-428-1396 GORDON, PAT—31 Burrs Mill Rd., Southampton, NJ 08088, 609-859-3566, pbitgordon@aol.com GORDON, TED—31 Burrs Mill Rd., Southampton, NJ 08088, 609-859-3566, pbitgordon@aol.com GRACIE, CAROL—19 N. Lake Cir., $. Salem, NY 10590, 914-763-5938, cgracie@optonline.net GRAY, DENNIS— 668 Princeton Ave., Collingswood, NJ 08108, 856 858-6642, gray@imcs.rutgers.edu GREIG, EDNA—14 Pepperidge Tree Terr., Kinnelon, NJ 07405, 973-838-1251. egreig@optonline.net GREMBOWICZ, DUANE—100 Motor Rd., Pine Beach, NJ 08741, 732-349-0364, polarstar@adelphia.net GRIMES, BRUCE G.—P.O. Box 222, Sumneytown, PA 18084, 215-234-8424, taxkwaxak@cs.com Gross, MICHAEL F.—Biology Dept., Georgian Court College, 900 Lakewood Ave., Lakewood, NJ 08701-2697, 732-364-2200, gross@georgian.edu GRUND, STEVE— Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, 209 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15222, 412-288-2777, sgrund@paconserve.org GYER, JOHN—P.O. Box 185, Clarksboro, NJ 08020, 856-423-3889, fernhill@voicenet.com HALLIWELL, TOM—19 Kings Rd., Netcong, NJ 07857, 973-347-6071, tbhalliwell@att.net HAMMERSTROM, FREDERICA—542 W. Montgomery Ave., Haverford, PA 19041-1409, 610-649-3811 HARDESTY, GAIL —488 Big Oak Rd., Morrisville, PA 19067, 215-295-4734, evergreen1@aol.com HARLAN, MARGARET— Pennsylvania Native Plant Society, 166 Zachary Rd., Coburn, PA 16832 HARPEL, WILLIAM—150 E. Winchester Ave., Langhorne, PA 19047, 215-752-0802 HARRIS, JESSIE M.—4401 W St. N.W., Washington, DC 20007, 202-338-9083, jes405@hotmail.com HarT, RoBIN L.—22 Watson Rd., Poughkeepsie, NY 12603-3121, 941-351-1554 HassEL, LLoyD V.—2001 Harrisburg Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601-2641, 717-569-2368 HauPT, ANDREA—639 W. Ellet St., Philadelphia, PA 19119-3428, 215-438-8175, reh215@aol.com HAWK, JEFFREY—16 Andrea Ln., Hamilton, NJ 08619-2222 HECKSCHER, STEVENS— Natural Lands Trust, 1030 E. Lancaster Ave., Apt. 314, Rosemont, PA 19010, 610-527-6607, heckscher@dca.net HELD, MICHAEL—285 Penn Estates, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301-9023, 201-915-9187 HERMELY, ALAN—671 Moore Rd., King of Prussia, PA 19046-1318, 610-337-3666, alan_hermely@urscorp.com HIRST, FRANKLIN S.—5004 Little Mill Rd., Stockton, MD 21864-2234, 410-632-1362 HOWE, NATALIE—4820 Cedar Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19134-2017, 617-435-4101, nataliemhowe@yahoo.com HUGHES, STUART W.—721 Butler Pike, Maple Glen, PA 19002, 215-646-3873, stuhu@aol.com HUMBERT, KAREN C.—2401 Pennsylvania Ave., 7A6, Philadelphia, PA 19130, 215-232-0295 HUNT, LYNN F.—P.O. Box 906, Tuckerton, NJ 08087, 609-296-8022 HUTCHEON, DaviD J.—25 Caledonia Dr., Warminster, PA 18974, 215-957-0976 INSKEEP, MICHAEL—412 N. Wayne Ave., Apt. 204, Wayne, PA 19087-3243, 610-896-0777, mike@gentlehelpers.com JANOSKI, JEFFREY F.—1801 Buttonwood St., Apt. 1610, Philadelphia, PA 19130, 215-569-1949, jjfjeh@aol.com JESS, ROBIN—55 Lahiere Ave., Edison, NJ 08817, 732-572-5928, rjess5928@aol.com JOHNSON, ALAN A.—63 Central Ave., Audubon, NJ 08106, 856-547-3498, aajohnson@comcast.net JOHNSON, KATHERINE—312 E. Gorgas Ln., Philadelphia, PA 19119, 215-843-9221, treekat@mybluelight.com MEMBERSHIP LIST 75 JOHNSSON, FANNY M.—7422 Ridge Rd., Frederick, MD 21702- 3518, 301-371-5215, johnsson@starpower.ne KAHN, NANCY—4323 Okabe Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, 215-222-1944, khanderosa@hotmail.com KAISER, GEOFFREY D.—P.O. Box 222, Sumneytown, PA 18084, 215-234-8424, taxkwaxak@enter.ne KAPLAN, PAULA Niaz: Little Bluff Farm, N653 County Rd. T, Brodhead, WI 53520, 608-897-3483, littlebluffarm@hotmail.com Kass, SHAUN— Professional Gardening Services, 234 Harrison Ave., Glenside, PA 19038, 610-348-8532, plantsruledude@yahoo.com KELLER, ELIZABETH— 114 Wyomissing Blvd., Wyomissing, PA 19610, 610-374-3458, zab12345@aol.com KELLY, LINDA—60 Forest Dr., Lakewood, NJ 88701, 732-363-1266, kellylc01@aol.com KENDIG, JAMES W.—1212 S. Pie St., Palmyra, PA 17078, 717-832-3899, kkendlarix@aol.com KIEL, CARRIE—Botany Dept., The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19103, kiel@acnatsci.org KLIGMAN, DOUGLAS—1198 Rossiter Ln., Radnor, PA 19087, 610-688-7790, ae opiamey net KLoTZ, LARRY—Biology Dept., catia ih University, 305 N. Fayette St., Apt. Shippensburg, PA 17257, 717-477-1402, larry.klotz@hotmail.com KOBLER, EVELYN—118 21st St., Apt. 613, Philadelphia, PA 19103-4431, 215-563-4712, koblerev@earthlink.net KOERBER, WALTER A., JR.— 1380 Valley Green Rd., Etters, PA 17319, 717-938-9618, wakoerber@yahoo.com KOERBER, DIANA— 1380 Valley Green Rd., Etters, PA 17319, 717-938-9618, dbkoerber@hotmail.com KOLAGA, VAL—186 Dilworthtown Rd., West Chester, PA 19382-8369, 610-399-3136, sfox@axs2000.net KRAIMAN, CLAIRE T.—7129 N. Via de Paesia, Scottsdale, AZ 85258-3706, 610-775-9737 KUNKLE, KARL—507 Nina Ln., Bear, DE 19701, 302-834-2802, kkkunkle@comcast.net KUNZ, DAvID—300 ise Rd., Apt. 24M, Parsippany, NJ 07054, 201-417-8082, dkunz@ekmail.co LANYON, bem 19001. F. Kennedy Blvd., Apt. 1704, Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215- on 5543 LAMACK, BILL—Bowman’s Hill eta Preserve, P.O. Box 685, New Hope, PA 1 215-862-2924, lamack@bhwp.or LAMONT, ERIC—717 Sound Shore Rd. Riverhead, NY 11901, 631-722-5542, elamont@optonline.net LATHAM, ROGER—P.O. Box 57, Rose Valley, PA 19086, 610-565-3405, rel@continentalconservation.us LEA, CHRISTOPHER— P.O. Box 457, Pine, CO 80470-0457, 410-641-1443, chrisleal5@yahoo.com LECK, MARY—105 Kendall Rd., Kendall Park, NJ 08824-1246, 732-821-8310, leck@rider.edu LECK, CHARLES—105 Kendall Rd., Kendall Park, NJ 08824-1246, 732-821-8310 LEFEVRE, WILLIAM M.—13 Hickory Dr., Doylestown, PA 18901-4746, 267-880-0860, wmlefevre@aol.com LEVIN, MICHAEL H.—414 Mill Rd., Havertown, PA 19083, 610-449-7400, erainemhl@aol.com LEWANDOWSKI, RICK J.—Mt. Cuba Center, P.O. Box 3570, Greenville, DE 19807-0570, 302-239-7980 LIGHTy, RICHARD—501 Chandler Mill Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, 610-444-2987, tavaxicum@earthlink.net ; LOEFFLER, CAROL—Dept. of Biology, Dickinson College, P.O. Box 1773, Carlisle, PA 17013, 717-245-1360, loeffler@dickinson.edu Reta Fe oe ee Mie Oe Oe ey a 76 BARTONIA LOFURNO, MICHAEL —2028 Fitzwater St., Philadelphia, PA 19146, 215-732-0849, mlfcomp@aol.com MACKLIN, JAMES— 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-299-1192, macklin@acnatsci.org MARTIN, HARRIS—5100 Bay Rd., Bensalem, PA 19020, 215-639-3686, martin68@atc-enviro.com MauRICce, KEITH R.—63 Union Ave., New Holland, PA 17557-1343, kmaurice@normandeau.com McAvoy, WILLIAM A.—4876 Haypoint Landing Rd., Smyrna, DE 19977, 302-653-2880, william.mcavoy@state.de.us McBRIDE, DONNA—4 Gentian St., Browns Mills, NJ 08015, 609-893-3732, mcbride5@snip.net MCELWEE, KAREN—300 W. Vernon Ave., Linwood, NJ 08221, 609-653-6332 McCompg, ROBERT— 106 Center St., Manahawkin, NJ 08050, 609-597-7107, rob.mccombe@att.net McCourt, RICHARD—The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benj. Franklin Pkwy., Philadelphia, PA 19103, 215-299-1157, mccourt@acnatsci.org McCrEA, ESTHER J.—70 Overhill Rd., Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004, 610-664-1642 McDabDE, LUCINDA—The Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benj. Franklin Pkwy., Philadelphia, PA 19103, mcdade@acnatsci.org MCLAUGHLIN, WILLIAM—5 Oak Dr., Tabernacle, NJ 08088, 609-268-1054, wmcl268@aol.com MELENDEZ, MARISA— 1005 Lakewood Farmingdale Rd., Howell, NJ 07731, 732-566-0297, marisabel626@hotmail.com MELLON, RICHARD—200 Flint Ct. S., Yardley, PA 19067, 215-493-0697, rmellon@comcast.com MICKLE, ANN—Dept. of Biology, La Salle University, 1900 W. Olney Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19141, 215-951-1254, mickle@lasalle.edu MITCHELL, JOHN—56 Upper Creek Rd., Stockton, NJ 08559 MILNER, NORMA—305 angie Cir., West Chester, PA 19382-7653, 610-344-0860, normammilner@earthlink.ne MONTGOMERY, JAMES— are III, 804 Salem Blvd., Berwick, PA 18603, 570-542-2191, jdm@sunlink.net Mooserry, F. M.—111 Spotswood Ln., Kennett Square, PA 19348-1725, 610-444-5495 Morris, MELISSA—234 Broughton Ln., Villanova, PA 19085, 610-525-6659, mhmorris@ucdavis.edu Moss, MIRIAM—8120 Baked Rd., Elkins Park, PA 19027, 215-635-0176 MURPHY, MARY—2042 Maplewood Ave., Abington, PA 19001, 215-657-9337, bam842@cs.com NACZ1, ROBERT— Herbarium, Dept. of Agriculture, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901-2277, 302-857-6450, rnaczi@desu.edu NEWSTEAD, EDWIN—270 Roseland Ave., Essex Fells, NJ 07021, 973-226-7651, enew001@aol.com NEWSTEAD, CHARLOTTE—270 Roseland Ave., Essex Fells, NJ 07021, 973-226-7651, enew001@aol.com NICHOLS, RAY—412 Federal City Rd., Pennington, NJ 08534-4209, 609-737-7442, nichols@nj1.aae.com Novak, JANET—19 Willow Grove Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19118, 215-248-2642, seg org O’BRIEN, JOHN—P.O. Box 513, Swarthmore, PA 19081, 610-329-1029, jobrien@total1. O’BRIEN, TERRY — Dept. of er Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ con 856-256-4500, obrien@rowan PAGE, MARTIN—9 ie Covered Bridge Rd., Newtown Square, PA 19073-1211, 610-359-9887, martin_page@msn.com PARKER, IGNA— 2150 paar Rd., Somerset, NJ 08873, 732-790-2670, iparker@crssa.rutgers.edu PAYNE, ELISE—643 Fernfield Cir., Wayne, PA 19087, 610-688-4377, rpayne@erols.com PyLER, D.—418 Crosslands Dr., Kennett Square, PA 19348, dotp77@earthlink.net QUITEL, SCOTT —4112 Hain Dr., Lafayette Hill, PA 19444, 215-233-0302, squitel@comeast.net RADIs, RICHARD—69 Ogden Ave., Rockaway, NJ 07866, 973-586-0845, isotria@verizon.net MEMBERSHIP LIST 77 RHODES, CHARLES— 107 Stonycreek Ave., Lansdale, PA 19446-5259, 215-368-9591, carhodes@earthlink.net RISsKA, MICHAEL— Delaware Nature Society, Box 700, Hockessin, DE 19707, 302-239-2334, mike@dnsashland.org ROCHE, LESLIE—73 Hull Ave., Freehold, NJ 07728, 732-780-0121 ROMANO, GABRIELLA— 4240 Fairview Ave., Newtown Square, PA 19073, 610-353-1550 ROSENBERG, ANN—5 Westview Rd., Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, 610-525-8683 ROSENBERG, DICK—5 Westview Rd., Bryn Mawr, PA 19010, 610-525-8683 RUBIN, ARLINE—7907 Anselm Rd., Elkins Park, PA 19027, 215-782-8123, solanum@gmail.com RUCH, PAMELA—542 Liberty St., Emmaus, PA 18049, 610-966-2635, pamruch@hotmail.com RUE, MARGARET—209 Arden Rd., Gulph Mills, PA 19428 RYAN, JOEY—521 S. Narberth Ave., Merion, PA 19066 SCAGNELLI, RENEE— 226 N. Lincoln Ave., Vineland, NJ 08361, 816-305-3238, pbfiddler@yahoo.com SCHNEIDER, GEORGE W.—345 Nursery Rd., Wellsville, PA 17365, 717-292-4035, qwsam@att.net SCHUBERT, PAUL—315A Dickinson Ave., Swarthmore, PA 19081-2002, 610-543-9450, pauls@depersico.com SCOTT, JOHN—55 Hertzog School Rd., Mertztown, PA 19539, 610-682-2809, jscott01@aol.com SEAGER, KEITH—278 Fishing Creek Rd., Cape May, NJ 08204-4422 SEIFFERT, JUDITH— 1135 E. Oxford St., Philadelphia, PA 19125, 215-426-4201 SEIPLER, MARYJANE—4200 Tamarack Ln., Murrysville, PA 15668-9353, 724-325-3571, grosbeaker@aol.com SETTLEMYER, KENNETH—219 Maple St., Jersey Shore, PA 17740, 570-398-2546, ksettlem@uplink.net SHERMAN, LYNN—P.O. Box 84, Barstow, CA 92312-0084, 518-756-5028, sherman|r@fastmail.fm SLANE, JOSEPH — 1207 Shackamaxon St., Philadelphia, PA 19125, 215-634-6332 jslane@avantgardens.net SLATER, MIKE—4411 New Holland Rd., Mohnton, PA 19540, 610-775-3757 SMITH, CRAIG—728 Seymour Rd., Bear, DE 19701, 302-324-9486, csmith6666@aol.com SMITH, JOHN ERIC—700 Farmington Ave., Pottstown, PA 19464, 484-300- smithjohneric@yahoo.com SOLOW, SHAREE—7914 Park Ave., Elkins Park, PA 19027, 215-635-0809, slsolow@comcast.net SPEEDY, LOREE—279 Orr Rd., West Newton, PA 15089, 724-872-5232, si aon aa ras net ST. JOHN, MICHAEL —4 Perry St., New York, NY 10014, misaintjon@aol.co STAHL, STANLEY — 104 pee Ave., Lancaster, PA 17603-1704, 717- 293- ee joselyns@fine_hotels.co STALTER, RICHARD— Dept. er Biology, St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY 11439, 718-990-6269, stalterr@stjohns.edu STANDAERT, vie 45 Maltbie Ave., Apt. 19B, Midland Park, NJ 07432, 201-612-9069, wifszzz@aol.com STECKEL, DAVID—423 N. 27th St., Allentown, PA 18104, 610-740-0141 STECKEL, CLAUDIA—423 N. 27th St., Allentown, PA 18104, 610-740-0141 STUCKEY, RONALD— 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH 43212-1192, 614-292-6095 SULLIVAN, MAURA— 164 York Lambertville, NJ 08530, 609-397-0467, mauraesullivan@earthlink.ne SWEENEY, BILL—Lockhouse, os Island Park Rd., Easton, PA 18042, 610-253-7053 SZURA, BRIAN—216 Volkert St., Highland Park, NJ 08904, 732-393-1950, flyin. my net TEESE, PAUL—Bowmans Hill aire Preserve, 1183 Apple Rd., Quakertown, PA 189 215-536-3719, teese@bhwp. TETI, ANDREA—31 Boulder tied Sellersville, PA 189 TREXLER, LARRY— 7501 Germantown Ave., a. PA 19119, 215-242-1309 78 BARTONIA TREXLER, NANCY—7501 Germantown Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19119, 215-242-1309 TUCKER, ARTHUR— Dept. of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, 302-857-6402, atucker@desc.edu TYNDALL, WAYNE— 15245 Oakland Rd., Goldsboro, MD 21636, wtyndall@intercom.net UDELL, VAL—2746 Yost Rd., Perkiomenville, PA 18074, 610-754-7163 VINCENT, MICHAEL — Dept. of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, 513-529-2755, vincent@myohio.edu VOLLMER, JOHN—42 Burrs Mill Rd., Southampton, NJ 08088, 609-859-2805 WECHSLER, DEBORAH CARR—314 E. Highland Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19118, 215-242-0734, wechslercarr@earthlink.net WHITING, GEORGE —116 Spring Mount Rd., Schwenksville, PA 19473, 610-287-6397, 215-283-1297, gwhiting@temple.edu WIEBOLDT, THOMAS— 155 Shady Grove Ln., Newport, VA 24128, 540-544-7967, wieboldt@vt.edu WILEN, ELLEN—143 Ridge Rd., Southampton, NJ 08088, 609-859-8685 WILHELM, DONNA C.—6115 McCallum St., Philadelphia, PA 19144 WILLIAMS, CARL—Box 347, Hereford, PA 18056, 215-234-0545 WILLIAMS, DAVID—61 Coppermine Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540, 732-297-0642, idwill@superlink.net WILLIG, SARAH—190 Sycamore Ln., Phoenixville, PA 19460, 610-933-3539, sallywillig@earthlink.net WILSON, RONALD—3740 Ridge Rd., Snow Hill, MD 21863, 410-632-3892, rmwilson@comcast.net WINDISCH, ANDREW—P.O. Box 312, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, 609-726-9054, a.windisch@att.net WITMAN, DEANNA—214 3rd St., East Greenville, PA 18041, 215-541-1789, d.witman@verizon.net WOLFF, EMILY—411 N. Middletown Rd., Apt. E-202, Media, PA 19063-4404, 610-566-6387 WOLINSKI, JEFFERY —38643 Morrisonville Rd., Lovettsville, VA 20180, 540-882-4947, jeffwolinski@aol.com Woop, Howarp—3300 Darby Rd., C-802, Haverford, PA 19041, 610-642-9963, howardwood@comeast.net WOODFORD, JEANNE— Wildlife Advocates, 2 Sawmill Rd., Medford, NJ 08055, 856-983-1617 jeannefred@comcast.net YOUNG, MARK—2800 Forest View Ave., Baltimore, MD 21214-3109, 410-254-8425, amersfoort@msn.com ZAMPELLA, ROBERT—12 Concord Dr., Shamong, NJ 08088, 609-268-3363, zampella@njpines.statenj.us ZOLLER, HEINRICH—411 N. Middletown Rd., Apt. E-111, Media, PA 19063, 610-754-7573 > — LCN Instructions to Authors : Write in simple, clear sentences. Use the active voice where