OSB BD DORA a Pn te ESR Tere RI rr rs SN PAL UTTE eke Ae PR Ma Pete ae OE MT MINE re PB IY Besley, © Se Seir g te kay een TO IRON aee SNe AIT 8 teed & Reprinted from Ruovora, Vol. 45, March—-May, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY ——— CXLVII Pt a Poel —/o oO i THE BROAD-LEAVED SPECIES OF POTAMOGETON OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO i. C. Ogpren Dares or Issun Pages 57-108 and Plates 746-748... gol ci 18 March, 1943 SAT ei a ee ee ..10 April, 1943 ROMO ROR E: oo ek eae ede oe a ees 1 May, 1943 © : Rhodora Plate 746 Fruits or PotaMoGEtTon, X 5 YUS Var. TENIFOLIUS, figs. 1-3; P. ALPINUS var. SUBELLIPTICUS, figs. 4—6; ig POLYGONIFOLIUS, figs. 7-9; peciteg ae gy 10-13; P. oe figs. 14-17; P. noposus, figs. 18-21; P. xa ANS, figs. 29-25; P. Oake ANUS, figs. 26- 29: . ILLINOENSIS, figs 30-- Sia og alanine figs. 36-38; eB PRAELONG us, figs. 39 and a r; Ri ICH: ARDSONII, figs. 41-46; P. PERFOLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES, 47-5 Reprinted from Ruopora, Vol. 45, March—May, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CXLVII THE BROAD-LEAVED SPECIES OF POTAMOGETON OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO EK. C. OGDEN Dates oF IssuUE Pages 57-105 and Plates 746-748... .....-- 5... c cee eee ees 18 March, 1943 Pages TT re re ia: «hao ce ea ee 10 April, 1943 Pages in CA ee Ren pt a piet aha vi kw 3 8 1 May, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY—NO. CXLVII THE BROAD-LEAVED SPECIES OF POTAMOGETON OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO E. C. OapEn (Plates 746-748) THE genus Potamogeton is of world-wide distribution. Be- cause it exhibits a great range of environmental variation, and specimens so often lack the fundamental diagnostic parts which might ally them with already known entities, the names that have been coined for its members are legion. Although a number of monographic treatments have dealt with the North American species in whole or in part’, the broad- leaved groups have been poorly understood. The really usable treatment of the troublesome linear-leaved species by Fernald lent new hope to the idea that possibly the broad-leaved plants 1 Thomas Morong, The Naiadaceae of North America, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no, 2 (1893). P. Ascherson and P. Graebner, = Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11, Potamogetonaceae goign by Graebner) (190 n Taylor, in N. Am. FI. ay, ‘pt. 1 (1909). : 0. Ha hone: Critical Re setae on the Potamogetons, Kungl. Svenska Veten- skapsakad. Handl. 55: no. 5 (1916 Harold St. John, A Revision of ee North American Species of Potamogeton of the Section Coleophyl Ruopora, 18: 121-138 (1916). ald, The Linear-leaved North American Species of Potamogeton, Section Axillares, “Mem, Amer. Acad, Arts & Sci. 17: pt. 1 (1932). _As this work contains an la f th WOU Tit erely be repetitive and is unnecessary here. 58 Rhodora [Marcu might be resolved into something approaching an expression of their true relationships. A fertile Potamogeton seldom causes great difficulty; but the great mass of sterile material, displaying a range of form un- known in the fertile plants, has made an understanding of the group difficult. To add to the confusion, the broad-leaved species, with their spikes buoyed up above the water, hybridize more or less freely, rendering it. difficult in many cases to de- termine the fundamental cause behind the abnormality. . The following treatment is offered in the hope that the species here considered may be better understood; and that specimens may be properly identified, even though they lack many of the important diagnostic characters and exhibit forms that are far from typical. DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS Fruits. When mature fruits are present there is seldom any difficulty in referring the specimen to the proper species. Un- fortunately the presence of fruit is not the rule but the less common occurrence. Most distinctive are those of P. alpinus, with a smooth, hard, eggshell-like exocarp, tawny-olive in color; fruiting specimens can never be mistaken for any other species. Neither can the minute reddish orbicular fruits of P. polygoni- folius with their beaks practically obsolete, nor the massive fruits of P. praelongus be confused with those of any other North American broad-leaved species. The long-beaked fruits of P. crispus are especially characteristic. Extremely important diagnostic characters are the prominence of keels and the color of the exocarp. If one makes a longitudinal section with a razor-blade, the amount of curvature of the seed becomes ap- parent and is of some slight diagnostic value. More important in some cases, and surprisingly consistent, is the presence or absence of a cavity in the endocarp tissue that projects as a fold into the center of the fruit. This projection (endocarp loop) is solid in all the broad-leaved species except P. polygonifolius, gh praelongus and P. Richardsonii. This is an important char- acter in the separation of P. Richardsonii from P. perfoliatus, specimens of which often strongly resemble each other. Because the fruits are of great taxonomic importance, but difficult ade- 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 59 quately to describe, it has seemed desirable to illustrate them (see PLATE 746). FLowers. It is now generally considered that Potamogeton has no true perianth. The sepal-like structures are thought to be outgrowths from the connectives of the stamens, and are called sepaloid connectives.! In the species here treated they are of little or no diagnostic value. Careful observations on the shape and hundreds of measurements on the width and length of claw have been made, from which it has become evident that even species which in most characters are strikingly different have sepaloid connectives which are surprisingly similar. The anthers, also, are of about the same shape and size in all the broad-leaved species, except that in P. polygonifolius they average somewhat smaller. Pollen-grains should be examined when hybridism is suspected. Fertile species have pollen-grains well formed and abundantly produced, whereas hybrids invari- ably have a large percentage aborted. Spikes. While the flowering spikes are of little diagnostic value, differing chiefly in average size and in number and degree of crowding of the whorls of flowers, the diameter of the fruiting spikes can be used. This thickness is almost entirely dependent on the length of the fruits, but in many cases the fruit-measure- ments cannot be so easily obtained. While there are some dif- ferences as to length of the spikes of different species, these are mostly a direct correlation with the robustness of the species, and their diagnostic value is therefore secondary. PrepuncLes. Characters of the peduncle can usually not be used for the determination of broad-leaved species without supporting characters from other parts of the plant, due to the great variation within the same species, but they are sometimes of useful supplementary value. Most species seldom have peduncles over 10 or 15 em. long, but in P. amplifolius they may run up to 30 em. and it can then be distinguished from P. pulcher or P. nodosus, which at times it may superficially resemble. Similarly, P. Richardsonii may have peduncles up to 25 cm. in length, in contrast to its nearest relative, P. perfoliatus, with peduncles less than 10 em. long. The longest peduncles are t normal 1 Phylogenists are not agreed on perianth with the anthers sessile on con claws of the segments, 60 Rhodora [Marca found on P. praelongus, where they are often more than 30 cm. and may attain a length of 60 cm. The three species mentioned as sometimes having long peduncles (P. amplifolius, P. prae- longus, and P. Richardsonii) may also have them short; but whether long or short, usually with a tendency to be clavate. This tendency for the peduncles to be thickened upward is also somewhat characteristic of the subsection Lucentes. Most of the species here treated have their peduncles rather uniform in thickness throughout their length. Another character of slight value is the thickness of a peduncle in comparison with the thickness of the stem at the internode directly below. This has — some supplementary value in the subsection Natantes, where P. natans has peduncles about the same thickness as the stem, while P. Oakesianus, with its slenderer stem, has less reduction in the thickness of its peduncles, and as a consequence has them thicker than the internode below. Lastly, there are some dif- ferences in their internal anatomy. These are, however, few and inconstant and not used in this treatment. Stipuues. In all of the species here treated (with the excep- tion of P. crispus) the stipules are free from the leaves. They clasp the stem, but have their margins absolutely free and un- united. They are all obtuse, at least when young, but as there is often a tendency for them to be somewhat cucullate they may, at times, appear to be acutish. This is especially true of P. nodosus. All are more or less two-keeled (when mature) except in the subsections Crispi, Colorati, Praelongi, and Perfoliatt. The chief differences are in their length and coarseness, which are, for the most part, rather direct correlations with the robust- ness of the species. They furnish useful characters in the perfoliate-leaved species where one can usually recognize P. praelongus by its large white stipules, P. Richardsonii by its stipules reduced to strong white fibers, and P. perfoliatus with stipules delicate and inconspicuous. Leaves. Certainly some of the most important diagnostic characters for the identification of the broad-leaved species of Potamogeton are to be found in the leaves, for too often all that are available are stems and either submersed or floating leaves, or both. At least three fourths of the specimens in the herbaria lack not only mature fruits but any part of an inflorescence. 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 61 The stipules often shrivel and decay, so that the few remnants (if any are left) are insufficient for diagnostic purposes. Rhi- zomes are seldom collected and when present are of but slight taxonomic value. Thus, unless one resorts to the internal anatomy of the stem, it is, in the great majority of cases, neces- sary to determine the specimens from the leaves. These may be either submersed or floating, or both, in all the subsections except Crispi, Praelongi, and Perfoliati, which have only submersed leaves. These three subsections always have sessile perfoliate- clasping leaves! with broad bases in contradistinction to the other subsections which have their submersed leaves petioled or at least narrow at base. First considering the submersed leaves: their shape is of primary importance. When typically developed, P. perfoliatus can be recognized immediately by its short-ovate leaves; P. Richardson by having them ovate-lanceolate; P. praelongus with them oblong and cucullate at the apex; the members of the Lucentes by the sharp-pointed apices; P. natans and P. Oakesia- nus by their coarse and delicate, narrowly linear leaves, respec- tively; P. nodosus by its long-petioled lanceolate leaves gradually tapering at both ends; P. pulcher having distinctive lanceolate leaves abruptly tapering to a petioled base; P. amplifolius with its massive leaves conspicuously arcuate; and P. alpinus with obtuse apex and sessile base. Unfortunately, however, it is not always as simple as that. These leaves exhibit such a wide range of variation? from the typical and are often in such a poor state of preservation, if not entirely absent, that one must resort to other parts of the plant for diagnostic characters. The leaf-margin of P. crispus is finely but evidently toothed; in the other broad-leaved species the leaf-margins are strictly entire, except in the Nodosi, which have 1-celled denticles so extremely fugacious as to be found only in the youngest leaves; the Per- foliati, in which the 1-celled denticles are more persistent; and the Lucentes, with strongly developed denticles. None of the indigenous North American species with free stipules has a dentation visible to the unaided eye, consequently they should 1 The hybrid P. gramineus X seh ote var. bupleuroides may have perfoliate sub- mersed leaves and also floating leav 2 See on under VARIATION. 62 Rhodora [Marcu never be confused with P. crispus, a species naturalized from Europe, which has an evident serrulation. Turning to the floating leaves, we find at first glance a dis- couraging similarity. With the exception of P. alpinus, which has delicate, lacunate floating leaves the blades of which taper without sharp distinction into the petiole, all seem to possess the common ovate-elliptic shape and have the same blunt mucro at the apex. When typically developed, however, we find some help in the bases of the blades. Their shape ranges from cordate in P. natans and P. pulcher to rounded in P. Oakesianus and P. amplifolius to cuneate in P. nodosus to tapering without sharp distinction into the petiole in P. alpinus. Yet, the range of variation is so great in any one species that the shape of the leaf- base must be used with caution. Even P. natans with its strongly cordate leaf-bases may under certain conditions have them narrowly cuneate.! The number of nerves is of primary import- ance in the case of P. amplifolius, which has them very numerous and close together. The size and shape of the stomates appear to be rather uniform, and while there is some variation as to the number in a given field, this appears to be influenced by factors which are ecological rather than genetic. Examination as to number and condition (whether functional or closed by cuticle) may be useful in determining whether the abnormality of some floating leaves is due to genetic or to ecological factors. Stem. For a genus which varies so considerably due to ecological conditions, and which is so often found lacking parts that have the essential diagnostic characters, it is exceedingly fortunate that there are good characters in the anatomy of the stem. These were apparently first noticed and their importance realized by Raunkiaer? who used them in his studies on the Danish species and then extended his “anatomical investigations also to foreign species, intending to bring about a new and better basis for an eventual monograph of the genus Potamogeton.’” In 1907, Chrysler* elaborated further on the anatomy of the ! See discussion under P. na 2C. Rai pooanengh De danske iiiadiatatinialed Naturhistorie, Bind 1, Enkimbladede, p. -_ 10 (1895— unkiae, Anatomical Potamogeton-Studies and Potamogeton fluitans, Bot. mids, 28: 254 (1903). yb Bot. Gaz. 44: 161-188 (1907). 1943} Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 63 central cylinder, explaining the phylogenetic relationships of the various types. agstrém in his monograph! emphasized the taxonomic value of the anatomical characters, especially of the stem, laying great stress on the types of endodermi, of which he described six kinds, and on the arrangement of bundles in the stele of which he described and illustrated six patterns. Other characters used by him include: the development of mechanical tissue, the presence or absence of a cortical layer directly be- neath the epidermis and acting as a supporting layer to it (hypo- derma), and the length in proportion to width of the cells of the epidermis. An examination of hundreds of stems has shown that a number of the characters have real diagnostic and phylogenetic value. These are discussed below.2 Although it has been suggested that the extent of mechanical tissue present is dependent on whether the plant grows in still or running water,? Raunkiaer* and Chrysler’ show that no such correlation can be drawn. Hagstrém, too, in his Critical Researches, repeatedly shows for many species that the habitat does not affect the essential char- acters of the stem-anatomy. An dquarium-plant of P. natans which I grew from a seed had its mechanical development not at all lessened. A morphological character of some importance is the degree of branching of the stem. The members of the subsections Lucentes and Perfoliati are usually much branched; P. praelongus of the Praelongi and P. Oakesianus of the Natantes are commonly branched; P. natans of the Natantes and the members of the Nodosi, Amplifolii, Colorati and Alpini are rarely branched, and then usually only slightly so in the upper part of the plant late in the season. a The rhizome appears to offer no important diagnostic char- acters, at least when dried. Some species tend to have dark- colored (usually reddish) spots on their rhizomes, while others are unspotted, but this is rather inconstant. 1J.O. Hagstriém, Crit. Res. Pov. (1916). 2 See EXPLANATION OF STEM-ANATOMY CHARACTERS USED IN THIS TREATMENT. . Schwendener, Das mechanische evinces in anatomischen Bau der Monocotylen, p. 122 (1874). *C. Raunkiaer, Bot. Tids. 25: 275 (1903). + A Chrysler, Bot. Gaz. 44: 169 (1907). 64 Rhodora [Marcu WintTeR Bups. With the exception of P. crispus, winter buds are so uncommon among the species here treated as to be of little or no diagnostic value. They have been so ably discussed by Professor Fernald! that further remarks are quite unnecessary. VARIATION It is well known that in vegetative characters any broad- leaved species of Potamogeton varies considerably. Those of the subsections Lucentes and Perfoliati have a wide range of varia- tion and all of the species here treated have a variability which is evident. Morong bewailed this characteristic of the group and felt that ‘“‘so protean are their forms, so eccentric their action, constantly changing under changed conditions of season and water’ that he must put forth his treatment “with great diffidence”’.2. Chamisso and Schlechtendal* had earlier reached the conclusion that, to use the translation of Emmeline Moore’, “Species of Potamogeton changing their habit seem often to pass into others, and feigning the habit of other species baffle re- search.” : Certain of these differences in form are undoubtedly genetic, but for many the evidence that they are ecological is very strong. Numerous observations and experimental studies have shown that individual plants of certain of the broad-leaved species exhibit a variation that is almost unbelievably wide, not only including many named varieties but even simulating other species. Noteworthy among such experimental studies are those of Esenbeck,® whose great contribution from the standpoint of taxonomy was in demonstrating that leaf-shape varies greatly under varying conditions of nutrition and changes of water- level. In general, poor nutrition appeared to give the following sequence of events: the broad floating leaves become increasingly narrower, finally disappear and are replaced by the submerged type, which in turn may be reduced to phyllodia. 1M. L. Fernald, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 17: pt. 1: 18 (1932). 2? Thomas Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 2 (1893). 3’ Chamisso and Schlechtendal, Linnaea, 2: 159 (1827). ‘Emmeline Moore, The e Potamogetons in Relation to Pond Culture, Bull. Bur. Fish. 33 (1913): 256 (1915 5’ Ernst Esenbeck, pales zur Biologie der Gattungen Potamogeton und Scirpus, Flora pent 151-211 (1914). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 65 Fryer’s experiments with the broad-leaved species which he grew in tubs caused him to prefer a very conservative treatment of the group. Of outstanding importance in this connection is the work of the Pearsalls' who found that variation in size and shape of leaf was due to many factors, acting independently or together. Their results led them to the conclusion that a conservative treatment is the sane one. While it is known that many of the variations are strictly ecological and one can in many cases name the contributing stimuli, it must be admitted that certain of these differences in form may be genetic. It is often difficult to distinguish from herbarium specimens alone which is the primary cause. When such variants appear to be mere forms or states, without separate geographic ranges, and especially when it is reasonable to suppose that the variations might be caused by ecological factors, it seems wise to refrain from giving them formal rank in our system of nomenclature. In the words of Fryer, ‘‘we should not confound temporary states with permanent varieties . . . In looking over an extensive series of dried specimens of any Potamogeton, it is easy to select very. distinct looking forms, and as easy to give varietal names to them; this is the method that has been followed by most of the writers on the genus, and I regret to say is still being followed, with the result of confusing rather than elucidating an already too difficult subject.’” HyYBRIDISM In dealing with broad-leaved species of Potamogeton, one is dealing with plants that are usually sterile, which are highly susceptible to ecological variation and which hybridize freely. If one classifies all the fruiting specimens, then correlates with them all the sterile plants the vegetative parts of which show their relationships to the fruiting entities, one still has a great mass of material that fits nowhere. Any attempt to understand such material must determine for each specimen whether the variation is genetic or ecological or due to hybridism. Here the internal anatomy of the stem will prove of great assistance and 1W. H. Pearsall & W. H. Pearsall, Journ. Bot. 61: 1-7 (1923). 2 Alfred Fryer, Pot. Brit. Isles, p. 41 (1900). 66 Rhodora [Marcu often will allow the specimen to be rather definitely placed. But many times the stem-anatomy shows an upset; this points toward hybridism, for the species based on fruiting specimens show a stem-anatomy that is remarkably uniform, and repeated observations have shown that ecological factors do not affect the anatomical characters of the stem; neither will minor genetic variations. But one cannot merely say “hybrid,” as an easy way out of a difficulty; one should name the parents, usually not an easy thing to do. Whether experimental studies will produce data of value in this connection, I am not prepared to say. Hagstrém thought not, saying, ‘“‘The hybrids must be studied according as Nature produces them. Cultivation and experiments in hybridization may not lead to great results as to the solution of this intricate question.”! To this, Bennett retorts, ‘‘having seen the results of the late Alfred Fryer’s work in this direction, I consider cultivation is a very great help—anyhow it affords a negative to some of the proposed hybrids given.’”* Very little seems to be known about the chromosome number of Potamogeton. Wiegand reported a haploid number of seven, or possibly eight, for P. foliosus. Wisniewska‘ states that the haploid number for P. perfoliatus is probably (‘‘wahrscheinlich”) twenty-four. The only other reported count is in Tischler,° where the haploid number for P. fluitans (P. nodosus?) is given as twenty-six, referring to Kuleszanka 1934, without citing any publication. Such data promise interesting results from counts on the species in this genus. Cytological material (young pollen) of several species which I have examined shows that the chromosome number varies (at least four different numbers) in different species, although absolute counts could not be made. In the present work, the hybrids are taken up at the end of the general treatment. Only those that strongly simulate the sub- sections here specially treated are discussed. 1J. O. Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. 12 (1916). 4 Ewa Wisniewska, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 8: 157 (1931). 8G. Tischler, Tab. Biol. Period. 5 & 6, Nachtrag no. 2, Teil no. 2, p. 99 (1935-36). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 67 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In a study of this nature I have naturally found it convenient to accept the assistance and suggestions so kindly offered by many people. I am especially grateful to Prof. M. L. Fernald under whose guidance the study was conducted and who, by his clear knowledge of the difficulties involved, offered invaluable suggestions. Also to Mr. C. A. Weatherby for his helpful advice, especially concerning nomenclature, I am deeply thankful. Thanks are also due to the members of the Gray Herbarium staff who have so willingly helped with various details; to Prof. F. H. Steinmetz, of the University of Maine, who has taken a keen interest in the work and has assisted greatly in the collect- ing of material; to my wife, Edith B. Ogden, for assistance in many ways; and to the curators of the herbaria from which plants have been borrowed. Herbarium material has been seen from the following sources: Gray Herbarium (G), New England Botanical Club (NE), New York Botanical Garden (NY), United States National Museum (US), Field Museum (F), Missouri Botanical Garden (M), Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University (8), Michigan State College (MSC), National Museum, Ottawa, Canada (C), University of Montreal (MT), Private herbarium of Marie- Victorin (V), University of Maine (ME), Portland [Maine] Society of Natural History (P), University of New Hampshire (NH), C. C. Deam (D), private herbarium, E. C. Ogden (0). EXPLANATION OF STEM-ANATOMY CHARACTERS USED IN THIS TREATMENT Five sets of characters are used, combinations of which should determine the species. These are: the arrangement of bundles in the stele, the type of thickening of the cells of the endodermis, the presence or absence of bundles in the interlacunar spaces of the cortex (interlacunar bundles), the presence or absence of bundles just underneath the epidermis (subepidermal bundles), and the presence or absence of a layer or layers of cells directly underneath the epidermis (pseudo-hypodermis). See PLATE 747, One of the most important sets of characters is that of the 68 Rhodora [Marcu arrangements of bundles in the stele. These fall into six types. The arrangement called the proto-type (because it appears to be the type from which the others are derived) is illustrated by PLATE 748, r1G. 1. Here the bundles are all free and un-united (each having one patch of phloem), four of them being median and with usually three to five on each side. When this arrange- ment is found, the specimen will belong to one of the subsections: Colorati, Amplifolii, Lucentes, or Praelongi. In the trio-type (Frias. 2 & 3) three of the median bundles have united to form a bundle ‘‘trio”’, giving only two median bundles, one of them with a patch of phloem on the outer face of the xylem canal and two patches of phloem on the inner face (Fic. 2), or by a further union having only one inner patch of phloem (ria. 3). The trio- type is always found in the subsections: Alpini, Nodosi, Natantes and Perfoliati. Members of the subsection Lucentes may also have the trio-type of stele. A further reduction in the number of bundles is brought about by the fusion of the lateral bundles and as this invariably results in an oblong-shaped stele it is called the oblong-type. The two median bundles may remain separate (ric. 4) and even the lateral bundles may at times be scarcely united but merely crowded together. The oblong-type with two median bundles is found in the subsection Lucentes, and is prevalent in hybrids having a member of the Lucentes as one of the parents. A fusion of the two median bundles is accompanied by the more or less complete fusion of the laterals on each side, resulting in a stele of an oblong (or elliptic) shape with but three bundles (ric. 5). This is the usual type in the subsections Crispi and Lucentes. The final reduction to the one- bundled-type (ric. 6) is not met with in the broad-leaved species, but is found in the hybrid P. Berchtoldi « perfoliatus var. bupleuroides. The cells of the endodermis give an important set of diagnostic characters. Although several types can be recognized, these have been grouped in the present treatment into two principal types, according to the type of incrassation of the cell-walls. Cells which are thickened evenly or not at all are called O-cells; those which are much thickened on the inner and lateral faces but remain thin on the face next to the cortex are called U-cells. This latter type of endodermis is always found in the Natanies, 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 69 Lucentes, and Praelongi. All the others here treated have O-cells. The bundles of the cortex give exceptionally good sets of char- acters. The cortex of a Potamogeton stem is highly lacunate. At the junctures of the walls separating these lacunae may, in some species, be found bundles composed of vascular tissue and fibers or merely of fibers alone. These are called interlacunar bundles and are well developed in the Natantes, Lucentes, Praelongi, and in P. amplifolius of the Amplifolii. The other subsections are devoid of them, or rarely have one or two weakly developed. The cortical bundles found directly underneath the epidermis are called subepidermal bundles. They are seldom as strongly developed as the interlacunar bundles, yet they furnish a set of characters which is quite useful. The subepidermal bundles are present in the Colorati, Natantes, Praelongi, and usually in the Lucentes, but absent in the other subsections. The last set of characters used is the presence or absence of a layer or layers of cells directly beneath and adjacent to the epidermis. This is called the pseudo-hypodermis. It is always present in the Crispi, Amplifolii, Praelongi, and Perfoliati, but is not present in the Alpini and Nodosi, whereas the Colorati, Natantes, and Lucentes may or may not have it. A number of methods of preparing a section of stem for ana- tomical examination may be used. The following procedure has . been found to be simple and rapid and highly satisfactory. When a choice can be made as to the part of the stem to be sectioned it should be at about the middle of the second or third internode below the lowest peduncle. However, any portion of the stem, if not too close to a node, is usually quite satisfactory. The piece of stem is boiled in water for a few minutes to soften and expand the tissues, then dropped into cold water to reduce flabbiness. A clean transverse cut is made near one end with a sharp razor-blade and this end dipped into ordinary blue ink, or other stain, for a second or two. The stem is now rinsed briefly in cold water and rolled on a blotter to remove excess water. With the razor-blade a thin free-hand section is taken off at the stained end, a water-mount made (stained end up), and examined under a microscope. If the stem is badly flattened, it can be 70 Rhodora [Marcu teased out with fine needles. A magnification of about 100 diameters is highly satisfactory, although much lower powers will enable one to determine most of the essential characters. Such mounts need not be thinner than that obtainable by free- hand sectioning, for enough light will come through the lacunae to illuminate the tissues. The amount of time necessary for making an anatomical ex- amination of a stem need not be greater than that necessary for boiling and dissecting a flower. A number of improvements can undoubtedly be made on this method, but mostly at the sacrifice of simplicity and speed. Potassium hydroxide solution is not recommended for swelling the tissues as it destroys the delicate cortex. A weak lactic acid solution will soften tissues quickly and swell them slightly with- out destroying the cortex, but for most specimens water is more satisfactory. If cold water does not stiffen the material suf- ficiently for proper sectioning, a few drops of concentrated ammonia in the water are helpful. Ordinary blue fountain-pen ink is suggested as a stain because it is easily available and has proved very satisfactory. It acts quickly and as a differential stain: coloring the vascular tissue deep blue and the cortical and pith cells light blue; the mechanical tissue (sclerenchyma) usually remaining a bright yellow and the endodermis usually yellow or orange. The clearer results ob- tained by aniline dyes are not necessary for this work. P= ~ c i) o $s o> sah mee Se a - am pe as - <= @Qe me bg Sed Fi oo 55 ree} £ a 3 bi = , a = ae . 4 5 =e ak £ <~ \s = Os OOS 5 a 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 71 Section Convo.uti Hagstr Subsect. VAGINATI Pata: (P. vaginatus Turez.). Subsect. Pectinati (Fries) Hagstr. (P. pectinatus L.). Subgenus EvpoTamMoGeton Raunk. Section Apnati Hagstr. ubsect. SerRuLATI Hagstr. (P. Robbinsii Oakes). Section Ax1LLARES Hagstr. *Subsect. Crispr Wallm. (P. crispus L.). Subsect. Monticou1 Hagstr. (P. confervoides Reichenb.). Subsect. CoMpREsSI eee) Panga 6 (P. zosteriformis Fern.). Subsect. OxypHyiui Hag (P. Porsildiorum Fern., per- haps also P. engieienta Fern. }. Subsect. Pusriu1 (Graebn.) ge Series PusILLI connaTI Hags ee Fo.uiosi Fern. (P. ‘foliosus Raf., P. fibrillosus Subserie PANORMITANI Fern. ee ie socal strictifolius Ar. Benn., P. pusillus L. Series PusILLi CONVOLUTI Hagstr. Subseries Acutt Hagstr. (P. gemmiparus Robbins, P. Hillit Morong; P. longiligulatus Fern., an atypical species, may belong in the Oxyphylli). Subseries Oprust Hagstr. (P. Porteri Fern., P. obtusi- folius Mert. & Koch, P. clystocarpus Fern., P. Berchtoldi Fieber). Subsect. Javanict Graebn. (P. Vaseyi Robbins, P. later- ). alis Subsect. Hysripi (Graebn.) Hagstr., in part; 7 Series Eunysripi Hagstr. Spiri illus Picken, F. wre Rati 2. capillaceus Poir., P. bicupu ulatus Subsect. Nae ee (Hagstr.) Fern. (P. epihydrus Raf., . tennesseensis Fern *Subsect. ALPINI (Graebn.) Hagstr. (P. alpinus Balbis). — Be hess nc o (Graebn.) Hagstr. (P. polygonifolius Fr ou *Subsect, keno Hagstr. (P. amplifolius Tuckerm., pulcher Tuckerm.). mduteees Novosti Hagstr. (P. nodosus Poir.). *Subsect. Natantes Graebn. (P. natans L., P. Oakesi- anus Robbins oe *Subsect. pine Graebn. (P. gramineus L., P. illino- ensis Morong). *Subsect. PrRaAELONGI Hagstr. (P. praelongus Wulfen). : *Subsect. Perroiiati (Graebn.) Hagstr. (P. Richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb., P. perfoliatus L.). 72 Rhodora [Marcu Kerry TO THE BROAD-LEAVED NortTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF PoTAMOGETON 1. Stem laterally compressed; leaves all submersed, margin, out thed; stipules slightly adnate to base of leaf; fruits with winter buds hard and horny; stele of che oblong-type pattern: endodermis of O-cells; interla- cunar bundles absent.! (subsect. yen hace ate eek capes 1. P. crispus. 1. Stem terete; leaf-margins entire or minutely denticulate; stipules completely free from leaf- ‘nee. fruits with bea not more than 1 mm. long; winter buds rare, not op Goal horny; stele with the pattern various in t of the rags Ben lice 9 endodermis of U-cells and yaa Gi Fis a 2. a ienabied: oxi petioled or tapering to . sessile base, scarcely clasping; floating leaves present or absent... . 3. Submersed leaves ae " chin aa leaves Gapaally absent) delicate, giranenter t, tapering without sharp distinc- son into the p atlole: fruits ‘— exocarp hard and mooth, t Saarascltve (oubmect: ALPINE se i058 ibaa: 2. P. alpinus. 3. Submersed le eaves sessile or tioled: floating leaves cori- aceous, opaque, cordate to cuneate at base, blade dis- tinct for Detidle: fruits with exocarp soft and porous, greenish, brownish, or reddish... .4. 4. se ergy connectives 1-2m plang soit spikes 5-7 mm. thick; mm 00 usually with a cavity; interlacunar bundles absent; subepidermal bundles present; eastern Newfoun land and Sable Island, Nova Scotia (subsect. _OOORAT eee. ee a ae a P. polygonifolius. . Sepaloid eens mostly 1.2-3 mm. mide: ‘rating keels vadiable,. beak evident, endocarp rere eceait interlacunar bundles absent or pap wr if geese cad 5. Submersed leaves broadly linear, "lanoéolate, or ovate, less than 30 tim = as long as broad, nerves 3.37: ‘stele with the pattern various in t if of the trio-type, then with but 1 patch = i itd on the i = face of the trio-bun 3 Na 6. Submersed leaves with 11-37 an rves, margin strictly entire; floating leaves cordate to reeds at base, nerves mostly more than 21; stele with the proto-type pattern; endodermis of aegy (subsect. AMPLIFOLII)... .7. Yq of the nerves more prominent than the rest as seen by transmitted light; eer often clavate; fruits cuneate at base, 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm. long; interlacunar bisachen present : 4. P. amplifolius. 7. Stem usually Sonmpacuonaly age ney Byron sub- mersed leaves not arcuate, 1-2.5 cm. wide; ' Anatomical characters refer to those of the stem. See p. 67 and keys on pages 75 and 77-85. 1943] floating leaves cordate or rounded at base, mostly with less than 30 nerves, all nerves of Shoch equal prom ae as seen trans- mitted light; peduncles not conspicuously clavate; fruits rounded or lobed at base, of (-4) mm. long; interlacunar bundles BARES sil a Whe bee ia), Keke ee 6. Submersed cain with 3-29 nerves, margins with fugacious one-celled translucent denticles; floating toe cuneele to rounded at ies — nerves mostly less than 21; stele with t tern various in type; i if of the reckon ag tern, then endodermis of U-cells. . . .8. 8. Pam ecees hcg vee petioles 2-13 em. long, apex ac 1 but not sharp-pointed nor mu- dish, keels mostly muricate; endodermis of O-cells; interlacunar bundles absent (subsect. ODOSI 8. Submersed leaves sessile or with petioles up to. 4 cm. long, apex acutish or ye age often. somewhat eee ronate; fru a -3.5 . long, usually greeni ish, rao arcely muricate; endodermis of U-cells; catartheweax Stem usual] uch branched, .5-1 mm. in ameter; submersed leaves (—1.5) em wide, (5—) 7-12 (—30) times as long as wide, sessile, nerves tly 3-9; floating leaves 1.5-5 (-7) em. long, 1-2 (-3) cm. wide, petioles mostly longer than_ the ook laren tt, stipules .5-3 cm. long, .1- wide, keels faint; peduncles clavate or gone fruit- ing spikes 1-2.5 em. lon ng, .6-.8 cm. ‘thick; paloid connectives mos y 1.2-1.6 mm wide; fruits 1.7-2.5 (-2.8) em. long, 1.6-2 2.3 d 1 lateral b — bundles only in the outer nterlacunar GOle <6. Fee HES es 9. Stem sealed or once branched, vib 1.5-5 mm. in diameter; submersed leaves 1.5-4 cm wide, mostly times as one as wide, ; stele with the pattern onlay in type; interlactinar bundles in the outer interla- sie — circle or sometimes So in the other GUMAY CIPCIOS oo es oe ok ca ws 5. Sabana g wiz sear linear, less than 3 mm Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 73 5. P. pulcher. . P. gramineus. . P. illinoensis. 74 Rhodora [Marcu wide and more than 50 times as long as broad, nerves 1-5; stele of the trio-type pattern with 2 patches of ‘phloe m on the inner face of the trio- he ndle (subsect. NaTAN as . Stem .8-2 mm. in diameter; ‘ submersed leaves .8-2 mm. wide; floating leaf-blades 4-9 cm long, 2.5-6 cm. wide, usuall So eo at base, = petioles 1-2. 5 mm thick; stipules 4.5-11 m. long, strongly keeled; pedu uncles as thick as s the Sign 7 fa are picenagy ie mostly 1.8- erty s .9-1.2 cm. thick; matire leva mostly mm. lon e, keels ma + developed, re kn strongly ——— wh mice than 1 interlacunar circle; pseu 8 present; epidermal cells 1.5-3 (-4) tinesas long aa bro. ad gE Ei weld 7. P. natans. 10. Stem ge mm. in diameter; submersed leaves .25-1 mm. wide; floating leaf-blades 1.5-5.5 em. lo tog 1-3 em. wide, roun or cuneate at base, on petioles .2-1 mm. thick; sti — 1-5.5 cm. long, keels -gtocpa'sand onhy at base; sides but not pitted, apex seed pointing a little above bas basa end; gence with 2-3 lateral bundles on each sic 4% toy ew bundles strongly developed oa t 1 interla- cunar circle; pseu usually ab- sent; epidermal cule 4-7 ie: as thee as broad 8. P. Oakesianus. 2. Leaves all submersed, cordate or img at — clasping Big Ae! 74 the circumference of the s . Rhiz saree tpg: ted with rust ae aves Ceidditlile gins entire 2 ‘gr ae aod persistent and conspicu- m. vn pind i chan 3 mm wide, dorsal = l strongly developed; mbit ca th the proto-ty patte of U-cells; interlacunar boy su pidermal ate, seldom ae 1-10 cm. long, apex not cucullate, margin with fugacious, translucent, one- celled denticles; suaies pry inconspicuous or disintegrated to fibers; cles 1-25 cm. long; mm. pe sect. Pu 12, — ovate-lanceolate to pore lanceolate, 3-10 ong, coarsely nerved; stipules coarse, disinte- 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 75 ating to persistent whitish fibers; peduncles often siaenta: 1.5-25 cm. long; fruiting spikes about 1 cm. rw any (2.5-) 2.7-3.2 (-3.5) mm. long, () yaks 6 (-3) mm. wide; seicsan doe with a vi 2. P. Richardsonii. 12. Leaves “onbiculat to ovate-lanceolate, the Pine ‘ipal nes m. long, delicat — nerved; s ——s Api a, piri ous; uncles never iavate e, long; rating — dhiuk .8cm penny fotite ro 3) 2.5- niga (1.7-) 2-2.1 (-2.3) mm. O06 6 6 be ee 6 hoe eae eo 6 Oe a eee ee ee oe 8 Se 2. wide; vioubiien ME OS Se Oa 2a 13. P. perfoliatus. Key To THE SPECIES mee ON THE ANATOMY OF THE STEM a Poe Nes bundles p ara . Interlacunar pension: sucntns Shel throughout... .3. “* Stele of the proto-type pattern... .4. . Endodermis of O-cells; subepidermal bundles absent 4. P. amplifolius. 4. Endodermis of U-cells; subepidermal bundles ee Vy 1. P. praelongus. 3. Stele of ai trio-type pattern, with the phloem on a i e of the trio-bundle appearing as 2 distinct patches; aides of U-cells; ee bundles ‘ SOE OS i bed ce Pee es ee ; patches; epidermal cells 4—7 times as long as broad P. Oakesianus. oT peat Yo pattern; epidermal cells 1-4 times ‘a 10. P. illinoensis. oe ee 6) eee ee, 8 ee ee oe ee ee oe 5. a of the Obie pine hgh ey a 7. Stele with 1 (rarely with p real bundle and usually with _ lateral bundle on each side; interlacunar bun- me only in ea outer premio circle; stem .5—1 9. P. gramineus. a Stele + with 2 ‘Garely with 1) central bundles and 2 or : n each side; interlacunar bundles in the outer sriteniaodiie circle and sometimes also in the — on tid circles; stem (1-) 1.5-2.5 : Win ti ibieIer: - oo a a ee 10. P. illinoensis. i ggeroEy ws bundles sient endodermis of O-cells (rarely Pe ie ie: 8. tel - tt stem laterally com- S ni ‘ae tis ape ee type pattern; y LP tiepus. $e Oe See ae & eee 6 ee ee ae eek ee OO oe 8 6 Owe Oe, ee 8. Stele of the erode or proto-type pattern; stem terete... .9. ° 6 ee vial soa ales aan a aie one: S$. FP. oe aloher. 9. 10. § with the trio-type patte ere ti 1. Stele with the phloem on re inner face of the trio- —_ " appearing as 1 patch; pseudo-hypodermis ec bies 76 Rhodora [Marcu 11. eels — the phloem on the inner face of the tri appearing as 2 patches (rarely with pi a 12, Rucudaheooderinie Pree! IRONS ” pickae tool and 43. P. Pe 12. Pseudo-hypodermis absent.................5- nus. SELECTIVE KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS The following key is offered as a practical one for determining the subsection to which a specimen belongs. It is based on characters available with sterile and otherwise incomplete specimens. It is selective in that the user may choose the order in which the characters may be applied. This is of decided advantage when certain parts of the specimen are absent or difficult to make out, for the other parts may be sufficient for determining the subsection. The key is extremely easy to use. Any character may be selected which, if not sufficient to name the subsection, will lead to a number. This number will be found heading a column on one of the following pages. On this page another character is now selected and opposite it in the designated column may be found asymbol or new number. This is continued until a symbol | appears, which will designate the proper subsection. At any time the subsections that are still possibilities may be ascer- tained by reference to page 86. If a specimen traces to zero (0) it may be suspected that a character has been selected in- correctly or the specimen is a hybrid with parents in more than one subsection. The subsection Crispi is omitted from this key for it is represented only by the introduced species P. crispus, which can easily be distinguished from all our indigenous species of Potamogeton by its definitely toothed leaf-margins. When the subsection is determined, reference to the portion of the general key, on pages 72 to 75, dealing with that subsection should give the name of the species. The following symbols are used to designate the subsections: AL Alpini AM Amplifolii NA Natantes PR Praelongt CO Colorati NO Nodosi LU Lucentes PE Perfoliati 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton STEM STELE Jove hag 2 es ee, aun errr T © 0 0 0 0g ee Wee ee oe ere oie. eS Cee ie ee W ee ee 2: wy 6 e610 ee eee OUI oi 0, 5 a Lanceolat Meer. iN ea ‘Clas (8 aS ee Pe ee ee ee ON 8 ee oe Fe Eee Ae ee i Cee Sk We at ie Oe ae Gk cs ee oe Sue) fe ee oe | 2 ew eee Oe ee 8 ee 6 bee tre Fee wes eee ee ee Hae ee eee @¢ U6 6 6s 66.0 8) 6.6 2 8 eee OS 8 ee STIPULES Intact and well developed..... sintegrated to fibers. ....... Delicate or fugacious......... FLOATING LEAVES BasE Condate; 22:25. (23 ee 63a See Oe ee Pee bale Se ee ee, eee CO AM Sie) 698 (08 6 6 ee eS oO ee CO AM LU PR $8 6b ee ee 6 Oe ee ee wee oe eee Wee 8 8 iM) DOA Ta Pe axes 29 eon RM UA LU FR. i. cate AL CO AM AL IL PR AL CO AM NO LU PR PE... Bhi BOA ces eG As PEE DU TA is ie el kk DSS a ee ee Roe Coe acre He eee oe Bi A PMR Pe eee BOA TAD TA) | oe a eet AM LU a a a ae Oe Se ee Doe ee ee ee a a i te a oh to Bak oe ow we ee eee bee oe ee Ce AL CO AM NO NA LU PR PE. AM NA PR PE A BM PR PE init Bes +6 Oe 8 ke eee 6 6 Fo ee eek 6 6 ee eee ee ee eee Os Ol ee eee ewe Bs OO A is i end OE Bai oe ies oes oe 78 Rhodora STEM 1 baer, Sane 4 Pro’ 18 18 36 43 nae EOS PN Oe See EE o-t “ia Pee et ae ee Binnie eee cx LU LU LU LU NDODERMIS CUO; 6.5 see sah Lt 41-54 78 WRI. y 53 3s seh 17 <4} 31. 71 LwrERLAcUsAn B ROG ic. Se ves 15 36 15 68 AOR eo es Cee ees 1? Core Hoey” ee) | Prciceaecde 2 B OM can Ve Pees li <4) 31 -7i BiG a ee eee ee 10 10° 25 10 SUBMERSED LEAVES “Orbicula ore aa et 66 66 66 66 PRN acka see eee 18 18 18 35 ion "PR Bae pegs 5 48 48 48 76 Soaked: 25.5620 es, Rise 8 oe Oblane. = Qe os ae 65 55 55 55 Fee oe aa eee eae 33 62 64 Base Cleaettat sis ee 46 46 46 74 Not es iis Geek eae SW ws. Rounded So Ae ae 20 46 20 74 Acutisn 3352-2 Se Se Be a nba geht a ep pete sy EOD 40 40 68 40 Mucroniie.. .. os cs 68 68 68 68 IOLE Pree 3 oe ee, 19 19 68 19 Adee. fo Rc ke. ey Ri ee ee Wel Gl sO EGS bse r 1 3.4 __Dentiuite jie lees vet ee 32 32 §&8 16 ice pu feces ay. SL oe Sz 2 =e Bh ie ea ee a NN Ge | ER | BP cs a a ke S 6 i316 Oe ee ke, 34 34 34 66 STIPULES Intact SPP any een ananean 22 Se Pe. oe a ae 14 34 14 66 Bb. OF Pe oe 24 24 24 54 FLOATING LEAVES Base Contates ook io cc ee 44 73 69 73 Round. of GU8Z 62 = c:. 7 ie 3 8 SONNE ck AL AL AL AL NERVES dD i a ee SS. 7s 77. 78 198 ae 39. 36 tides eee 38 68 38 68 53 NO 65 53 5 40 7 23 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton STEM 11 STELE Ws Cy, eet Pe 73 eee es, Gay Ske 51 peo > ze> 33 34 NA 34 34 69 AM AM 38 7 0 ag NA NO NO 69 38 AM 68 NO ces ee ee Ohlaes-bype Poe cye oan ENDODERMIS (oes 6 Oke Ce ek ee O00 06s + 00.8 eo e 6 oo 8 Seanad oh. ae Muerotate. 4 6.55. 25 A 2 i ty a ee ee ge MeO eee eee «6 eee we Olas wie Core eo er ese er sew ewes 206 6 68 e 6 8 Oe eee a ed Rhodora 41 42 43 43 aad = de | 73 71 68 73 71 68 68 LU 43 68 62 0 42 NA 71 43 LU 68 LU 68 71 62 LU 43 U 68 43 2 LU U LU AM 70 AM AM AM 57 44 45 46 73 73 PR NA NO 74 oe: 029 73 72 45 74 CO PR AM PR 45 74 72 COP AM 70 69 73 4 AM AM AM PE AM AM 57 0 O 75 73 45 46 AM AM AL 0 0 O 46 43 44 45 AL 44 NA NO 74 73 45 74 57 44 45 46 14 73 z 44 45 0 O AL NA NO AL hs 47 LU 47 3 74 LU LU 59 74 LU AMNO 0 -LU 74 76 74 47 LU LU LU 47 AL 45 AL 76 76 69 AM 0 LU LU 48 59 76 U LU AL 74 59 AL [Marcu 49 0 LU 49 0 LU 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton Pea ats ep? ee fel ee Dee So a 0 6 68 Oe eb ace ro ht eat Oe eh ge Pe ge ace a os eet ee ee ee ms Sharp-pointed........... Mucronate ee eh a ee ee ee 00a wt Eh eee Hee ele eee 7 ee ew Sue ae eee ae 53 64 55 656 57 78 54 79 56 PE NAO. LU 0 PR NA AM 68 AM PR 78 54 79 56 PE NA 0 LU O PR 78 54 55 56 PE > oo 76 55. 79 LU on or AL 55 5 NO AM 68 77 54 55 70 ~20—0 79 57 55 56 (57 NO PE LU NO PE 53 74 76 78 PE 78 54 55 56 PE 66 68 70 57 0 66 AM AM 57 i] 53 54 55 56 57 NA AM AM AM 57 AL 54 79 79 57 NA 66 AMAM 0 65 AM68 70 0 AL AL AL AL 0 53 AL AL 78 0 53 79 55 56 0 NA AM68 AM 0 AM AM PE M 5 58 58 58 PE PE 0 LU 59 NA 84 : Rhodora [Marcu STEM 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 STELE Prototypes. foie tee is PR LU 0 LU O AM67 68 AMAM PPA VOG 0. oa fe vs NA 62 63 64 65 PE 0O LU NA NO Oblanmtyne. 66... i O° LU 0°: LU 0: 0 0: DU -Oeg ENDODERMIS WN es a. Se 0 O 63 NO NO 66 AM AM AM _ 8 61 62 O LU NA O PR LU NA Nae opyadeties B ee oe Bee ea 38 61 62 0 LU NA AM67 68 69 AM We as eS 0 O 63 NO NO 66 AM AM AM 70 SUBEPIDERMAL B. - TOBEN G8 hes 62-61 0% bU NA PR LU NA 0 i eo a si 0 LU 63 64 NO es AM 68 AM 70 SUBMERSED LEAVES SHA Onbicular iat Mav ey 0 O PE 0 O 66 AMAMAM AM we Se se PR LU PE LU 0O 66 67 68 AMAM Obisas bed a PR LU 0 ae 0 fandeclate.. oe. PR LU 63 64 NO 66 67 70 Oblanc: or ell. 6... 20.32 0 LU 0 LU 0 AMAM68 AMAM RE ee ee NA 62 NO 64 65 0O ASE Clseningts 6s 86. Bs PRO PE 0 PE PR 0.0239 oe Wee re ee NA 62 NO 64 Pr AM AM 68 69 70 PEX Rownaed. 2 i ess 61 NA PE 0O NA PE PR O NA 0 Atte 6 ee. LU 63 64 NO66 AM68 AM/70 rece RP Sy Sore 0 LU NO 64 NO AMAM68 AM/70 Mueronate .; «#6. oi i 0 LU 0 LU 0 AMAM68 AMAM PETIOLE Pree 3 AS 0 LU NO 64 NO cg AM 68 AM 70 Absint 05 220 ee eS 61 62 PE LU NA 66 67 68 69 AM MarGIn PO) oes cal ee vs 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Dentioniate: (645 3... LU 63 64 NOPE 0 LU 0O NO s WD ser hod oes dh NA 62 63 64 65 PE 0 LU NA NO Dre ose Gk. ay 0 LU 63 64 NO 66 AM68 AM/70 ee ee a LU 63 64 NO 66 67 68 AM70 oa te aes oie PR 0-PE 60 0 67 AM AM STIPULES lett kk 62 64 67 68 69 70 i Pie cd ee 61 NAPE 0 NA 66 67 AM69 AM Deb or fae... 5... PR 0 PE .0 0 66 67 AMAMAM FLOATING LEAVES Base Cordatm (64.524 ics... NANA 0 0 NAAMAMAM69 AM Round. or cun........... NA 62 NO 64 65 AMAM68 69 70 Teper... 55 i. m0 .0.0 0 4:86 4 NERVES fi ee NA NA NO NO 65 0 NA NO 11-88 cee NO 64 65 AM AM 68 69 70 Sa NA 62 0 LU NAAMAM68 69 AM 1943) Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 80 6 O20 6 elem 4 + ee 6 8 SUBMERSED LEAVES SHAPE od 2 eeereeeee ee se eevee eees OF 8 O10 9 Cb 8-8 Se eee eee eS OO Ue ew 6 be ee bere ors o 6 Orie 6.8 Sele eee ele SU ee Eee 6 O10 OO ie! Come. 6 68 Se eee O we ee ee mee ee 72 73 74 75 76 Ue 0 Fe ee 98 TOs. Fhe TB IO aT CO 73 0 PRLU 0 NA 0 74 AL 76 77 Pig G2 © O73 74 AL qt AL C A 72 CO 0 PR LU NA NA AM 0 PR LU NA 0 CO 73 74 AL AL AL 78 0. © 74°76 72 73 AL AL 76 77 NA 0 74 7 77 CO 73 74 AL 76 AL 0 AM 0 O LU O 0 AMO O LU CO 73 O O LU NA AM74 75 76 72 73 74 7 NA AM PE PR 0 NA 0 AM 74 78 0 78 0 85 79 79 0 75 AL AL AL 79 0 O 72 73 0 72 73 O O LU NA NO AM a AM AL AL AL AL AL AL 0 AL AL AL 77 73 AL AL 76 77 NAAM 0 0O LU NA 78 78 0 79 AM 86 Rhodora [Marcu The numbers used in the selective key and the subsections they represent are as follows: 1. AL CO AM NO NA LU PR PE 41. CO LU PR 2. AL CO AM NO LU PR PE 42. CO NA LU 3. AL AM NA LU PR PE 43. CO AM LU 4. AL CO AM NO LU PE 44. CO AM NA 5. AL CO AM NO NA LU 45. CO AM NO 6. AM NO LU PR PE 46. AL PR PE . CO AM NO NA LU 47. AL LU PE % AL NO. NA LU. PE 48. AL LU PR AL AM LU PR PE 49. AL NA PE 10. AL AM NO LU PE . AL NA LU ll. AL CO AM NO PE AL NO PE 12, AL CO AM NO LU AL NO LU 13. AM LU PR PE AL NO NA 4. AM NA PR PE AL AM PE 5. AM NA LU PR AL AM LU AM NO LU PE AL AM NO i. CO NA: LU PR PR Fe ,§ CO AM LU PR LU 2m . CO AM NO LU LU PR . AL NA PR PE . NA PE AL NA LU PE NA PR > ay Frat ee) ee om ae) e 3] vA > a | AL AM NA LU 66. AM PE AL AM NO PE 67. AM PR AL AM NO LU 68. AM LU AL CO AM NO 69. AM NA .) NA PR PE . AM NO NA LU PR CO LU NO LU PE CO NA NO NA LU CO AM AM PR PE AL PE AM LU PE 7 | ire AM LU PR 6. AL LU AM NA PR 7. AL NA AM NA LU 7g. AL NO . AM NO PE 9. AL AM 40. AM NO LU SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES 1. P. crispus Linnaeus submersed, linear-oblong to linear-oblanceolate, principal ones 5-8 (-10) em. long, (.2—) .5-.8 (-1) em. wide, semi-clasping at base, broadly rounded at apex; nerves 3-7; lacunae of 1 or 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 87 rows along the midrib; margins finely and irregularly dentate. STIPULEs .5—1 cm. long, ‘slightly adnate at base, upper part fraying early, leaving the papery or shreddy bases. ‘PEDUNCLES sea about same thickness as greatest dines of stem, 2—5 (—7 long. Spikes in anthesis compact or moniliform, ‘of 3-5 whoite of flowers; in fruit 1-2 em. long, 1—-1.3 em. thick. Flowers sessile or on pedicels up to .4 mm. long; sepaloid connectives orbicular, (1.2- > 1.5-1.9 (—2.1) mm. wide, claws .3-.9 mm. fed anthers .7-1.1 (-1.3) mm. long. Fruits ovate, (2-) 2.5-3 (-3.6) mm. long (excluding beak), (1.6—) 2-2.5 (-2. 8) mm. wide; keels obtuse ut prominent, dorsal one strongly developed below and with a small projecting tooth near the base; beak etrogom straight or incurved, 2-3 mm. long; exocarp rather smooth, greenish or brownish; endocarp loop solid and near the base; Bh of seed pointing toward the basal end. WuinTer Buns hard and horny, 1-2 em. thick. P. crispus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 126 (1753); C. & S., Linnaea 2: 186 (1827) ; Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 36 (1893); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: rast 11: 97 (1907); Taylor, N. Am. FI. 7: pt. 1: 21 (1909); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 58 (1916). onds and streams. South ern Quebec to Virginia, west to Missouri, also in California. Map 1. Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia. The following are sapianeneee: QuEBEC: lle Sainte-Therése, St.-Jean Co., Victorin & Rolland 45189 and 49141. VERMONT: tributary of Lake Champlain, Charlotte, July 8-11, 1911, Dutton; Charlotte, Chittenden Co., July 7, ou ee N, mixed with P. peng nites MASSACHUSETTS: Arlington, Middlesex Co., Sep 1880, herb. C. E. Talon: ot Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Middlesex Co., Fernald & Weather- lantae Exsiccatae Grayanae 111; Cambridge Bot. Gar 1864, J. T. Rothrock; Sudbury R., Concord, Middlesex Co., Ogden 1502. Connecticut: Housatonic R., Derby, £. H. : ie 11502; Lake Zoar, Housatonic R.., Southbury, New Haven i. Eames 1 1485. New York: Lake Ontario, southwest a Chaumont, Jefferson Co., Fernald, Wiegand & Eames 1 4089; Pierrepont P., Woodville, Jefferson Co., rs ouse 10069; north end of Cossayuna L., Washington Co., Muenscher & Lindsey 2739; abandoned canal, Montezuma, Cayuga Ca, Eames & Wiegand 14535; pool at Eldridge L., Chemung Co., uppe per waters of the Susquehanna, Lucy 10814; erwisk Flats, Ithaca, Tompkins Co., Wiegand 11182; Old Ice Pond, Ithaca, R. Jones 7471; Float Bridge, Rochester, Bazter 5888; Lake Washington Park, Albany, Albany Co., June 14, 1910, S. H. Burnham. New JERSEY: tide eee Camden, May 5, 1866, C. F. Parker; Camden, June 1879, C, Martindale; Clifton, Nash 786; Cedar Brook, Plainfield, Nay 1879, Frank Tweedy. PENNSYLVANIA: Conestoga, near Lancaster, June 19, 1861, T. C. Porter; Tiaintn R., Huntingdon 88 Rhodora [Marcu Co., Aug. 1864, 7. C. Porter; Lehigh R., Easton, July 11, 1868, T. C. Porter; Sharon, July 7, 1886, F. T. Aschman; outlet of pond on tributary to Pennypack Creek, Willow Grove, Montgomery Co., Adams & Tash 512. Drtaware: Wilmington, 1863, Wm. M. Canby; Wilmington, June 1879, A. Commons; Wooddale, June 24, 1879, A. Commons; Faulkland, New Castle Co., June 1879, A. Commons; Greenbank, Oct. 16, 1879, A. Commons. Mary anp: Spesutie Island, May 27, 1879, J. D. Smith; Cleft Island, Great Falls, McAtee 2953. District or COLUMBIA: Fish Ponds, Shull 15; Georgetown, VanEseltine & Moseley 201. West Virainia: Fish Hatchery, White Sulphur Springs, Green- brier Co., Berkley 1215. Virarnta: Fourmile Run, Chesapeake Bay Region, Shull 465; near Four-mile Run, near Alexandria, Blake 9472; 1 mile s. w. of Williamsburg, Grimes 3255; Dyke, Fairfax Co., Metcalf & Sperry 1631; Claremont Wharf, Surrey Co., Fernald & Long 7747. Ontario: Toronto, Scott 16439; pool above Niagara Falls, John Macoun 26830; Kingston, June 15, 1901, J. Fowler; Sault Sainte Marie, Algoma Co., Fassett 14746. MricuicaAn: Muskegon Lake, Muskegon State Park, 4% mi. w. of Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Hermann 8647; Kalamazoo R., Kalamazoo Co., Aug. 15, 1938, W. G. Erwin. Reported from Ottawa Co., and Van Buren Co. by’ Oosting.’ Inprana: Wolf L., June 7, 1913, E. D. Hull; east side of Wolf Lake, just w. of Whiting, Lake Co., Deam 56607. ILLINOIS: Wolf L., Chicago, June 10, 1911, EZ. E. Sherff; Stony Island, Chicago, Cook Co., Steyermark 4227; Lake Nippersink, accord- ing to Tehon, Torreya 29: 42 (1929), specimen not seen. MIN- nesoTA: Lake Minnetonka, Keck & Stilwill 428 and 430; Mis- sissippi R., Wabasha Co., Keck & Stevens 335; Mississipp! bottoms, below Winona, Aug. 6, 1931, H. J. Oosting. Missouri: Neosho, Metcalf 948; Blue Spring L. and Osage L., formed by Blue Springs, 2 mi. s. e. of Bourbon, Crawford Co., Steyermark 16313. Sours Daxota: Edmunds Co., July 1896, D. Griffiths (specimen in Herb. Brooklyn Bot. Gard., not seen; see Torreya 29: 43 (1929)). Wyomrina: Lakes Swastika and Irene, Medicine Bow mountains (specimens not seen; see Torreya 32: 5 (1932)). CaLirornia: cultivated at Pomona College, the plants brought from Santa Ana R., near Corona, ‘only known station in Cali- fornia,” San Bernardino Co., Parish 19248; pond in botany lath- house of Pomona College, planted by Johnston from Santa Ana R., Munz 2785. Ornaon: near Silvies, Aug. 19, 1901, Griffiths & Morris (specimen in Herb. Brooklyn Bot. Gard., not seen; see Torreya 29: 43 (1929)). P. crispus is distinct from all other species of Potamogeton found in North America, and should never be confused with any 1 Henry J. Oosting, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 15: 165 (1932). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 89 of them, for it is the only one with leaf-margins having a denta- tation evident to the unaided eye. Its fruits are distinctive in having long (2-3 mm.) beaks. Fruits are usually not produced when the plant grows in deep water, but in shallow, warm pools it fruits freely.. The winter-buds are especially distinctive, being large (1-2 cm. thick) and hard and horny. This species is not native to the Western Hemisphere but is introduced into North America where in some places it is growing profusely and acting as a weed. It evidently arrived here rather early for Pursh in 1814 reports it from ‘‘Canada to Virginia.’”! Bennett says, “The oldest dated American specimen I can find in England is in Mr. Cosmo Melvill’s herbarium, ‘Philadelphia, 1841-2, Gavin Watson & Kilvington.’ One from Delaware in the British Mu- seum Herbarium is probably older: it was collected by R. Egles- feld Griffith of Philadelphia . . . ’% In 1913, Hull’ reports it as being abundant and acting as a weed around Chicago in waters connected to Lake Michigan. He believed the arrival of the plant to that region to have been quite recent. Tehon* believes the westward spread of the species in North America to be due to migrating water birds and suggests that its introduction to North America may be due to the same agents. 2. P. aupinus Balbis (American varieties) RuxIzoME about same thickness as stem, branching and creep- ing, pinkish, not spotted. Stem terete, 1-2 mm. in dia meter, simple below, rarely branched above, often pressing very flat: stele with the trio-type pattern, the phloem on the inner face of the trio-bundle usually appearing as two distinct patches; en- dodermis of O-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal bundles absent; pseudo-hypodermis absent. SuBMERSED LEAVES (ex- cluding transition-leaves) thin, delicate, translucent, oblong- linear to linear-lanceolate, 4. 5-18 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, usually with 7 prominent nerves, sometimes also having 2 to 6 less promi- nent or incomplete ones, sessile and slightly clasping, apex obtuse or rarely acutish but never sharp-pointed; margin entire; lacunae along the midrib of rectangular cells, 4-6 rows near the base, 2o0r3 Sg at the middle and 0-2 rows near the apex. FLOATING in, translucent, often poorly developed or absent, blades ‘aipabal or oblanceolate to obovate or oblong-linear, ' Frederick Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 120 (1814). * Arthur Bennett, Journ. Bot. 39: 201 (1901). *E. D. Hull, Ruopora 15: 171 (1913). +L. R. Tehon, Torreya 29: 42—46 (1929). 90 Rhodora [Marcu 4—6.5 em. long, 1-2 cm. wid, corny tapering with no sharp distinction into a petiole 1-3 ¢ long, with (7—) 9-13 (15) rominent nerves, outer pair ha ate te Ae cadet a short distance back from the obtuse apex; lacunae along midrib of elongate cells near base and of oval cells near the middle, entire blade more or less lacunate with rounded lacunae. Srrpu.Es of submersed leaves thin, membranous, oblong, obtuse, faintly 2-keeled with 3 lateral nerves on each side, which meet the keel-nerves back from the apex, (1.2-) 1.5-2.5 (-4) em. long, 2-8 mm. broad; those of the gocam rag and floating leaves similar but broader (up to 1 cm.) and with more nerves (15), some also between the more prominent keel-nerves. PEDUNCLES same thickness as the stem, 3-10 (-16) cm. long. Sprkes in anthesis more or less moniliform, especially at the bane with 5-9 whorls “4 fore” in fruit cylindric and crowded, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, . thick. FLowERs on short pedicels 5-1 mm. long; eer connec orbicular to reniform, blades 1. 1. mm. wide, claws .7—.8 mm long; anthers oblong, .6—1 mm. long. Fruits mostly obovate, (2.5-) 3-3.5 mm. long eaains beak), (1.7—) 2-2.4 mm. wide, lateral keels none or very low, dorsal keel thin, usually prominent and well developed upward, "beak lateral, short and curved to- ward the back; exocarp smooth, pitted when immature, tawny- — olive; endocarp with keels rounded, beak linear, 1-1.3 mm. long, curved toward the back, loop solid; apex of seed pointing toward basal end. Whole plant and especially the rachis of the spike usually suffused with re Two varieties in North America: Submersed leaves neta prised to linear-lanceolate, 7-25 ce long, usually more t oa 8 times as long as broad, tapering to ae obtuse or acutish a 2a. var. tenuifolius. itmaaredd leaves ublane to pega po 4-10 em. long, usually less than 8 times as long as broad, apex rounded an GAUTIOD MENTED CHOON 5s i sss i de ksi 2b. pe subellipticus. Ci OBR OO OS 68 ee wk ee ea oe 2a. P. aupinus Balbis var. tenuifolius (Raf.), comb. nov. P. tenuifolius Raf. Pgs Repos. hex. 3, 2: 409 fog re. ron Ruopora 33: 210 (1931). P. lucens sensu Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am 1: 101 (1803), in part, not L. (1753). P. microstachys *Wolfg. in Schultes & Schultes, Mant. 3: 360 (1827). P. rue (1827). P. obrutus Wood, Cl.-Bk. ed. 2: 525 (1847). P. lucens var.? fluitans (Roth) Gray, Man. ed. 2: 435 (1856), as to syno- nyms P. rufescens Schrad. and P. obrutus Wood, not P. fluitans Roth. P. alpinus sensu Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2:19 (1893), in large part; sensu Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11:70 (1907), as to Am. plant in large part; sensu Taylor, N. Am. — 91 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 2 ” ] °o & » ul ‘a & aT) von NK s = RanGEs oF PoTAMOGETON 92 Rhodora [Marcu Fl. 17: pt. 1: 19 (1909) in large part; sensu Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 141 (1916), as to Am. plant, in large part. P. alpinus proles heer © (Wolfg.) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 72 (1907). P. montanense Gandog., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66: 304 (1920). P. microstachys var. typicus Fernald, Ruopora 32: 80 (1930). P. alpinus subsp. tenutfolius (Raf.) Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Is. 65 (1937) and Fl. Alaska and Yukon 98 (1941). P. rufescens sensu Am. authors, in large part, not Schrad. Streams and cold ponds, southwestern Greenland, Labrador, and Hudson Bay to Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, south to Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, western Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, Colorado and California. Map 2. e fol- lowing, selected from many specimens, are representative: GREENLAND: Itivnera, 64° 22’ N., PS apne Fjord, Aug. 19, 1931, M. P. Porsild; ‘Qagssiarssuk, 60° 53’ N., Igaliko-Fjord, Aug. 5, 1925, A. E. re a bee Tpaliko” July 23, 1888, L. Kolderup Rosenvin ae LaBRADOR: Rama, A. St ecker 332; Seal L., n. Lab., Spreadborough 16429; Grand Falls of Hamilton Ry M. T. Doutt 3296. NEWFOUNDLAND: Little Quirpon, Quirpon Harbor, Wiegand & Hotchkiss 27337; Highlands Brook above pond, Crabbes, R. B. Kennedy 81; shores of Conception Bay, reid aon Fernald & Wiegan d 4473; Grand Falls, Valley of Exploits River, Fernald, Wiegand & Darlington 4474; Lookout Mountain, West Arm (South Arm of charts), Bonne Bay, Fernald, Long & Fogg 1207; Grand L., Bay of Islands, AG. Waghorne 6; St. Georges P., "between Bay St. George and Bay of Islands, Fernald & Wiegand 2443 (approaching var. subellipticus). QUEBEC: Nacaiiian, Saguenay Co., St. John 90083 & 90084; Lac Duguay, Newport, Gaspé Co., Proulx 58; Riv. Mistassin, (Michaux Herb., Paris Museum, as P. lucens, TYPE of P. tenuifolius Raf., as to plant on right) ; Lac William, Mégantic Co., Victorin 11162; shallow lagoon, head of Sargents Bay, Lake Memphremagog, Aug. 3, 1903, Churchill; Bolton Center, Sherbrooke Co., Pease 26709; La Sarre, Abitibi, Louis- Marie 313; lac tourbeux, Ville Montel, Abitibi Region, Victorin, | Rolland & Meilleur 43 780. Anticostt: Anticosti I., Victorin & Rolland 27630. New Brunswick: Junction of Restigouche and Matapedia Rivers, Rousseau 32332; Bass R., Nepisiquit, July 30, 1873, J. Fowler; St. John R., Connors, ’Pease 2907. Nova Scotia: Truro, Colchester Co., Bean & White 22963; Mahone Bay, Hamilton 64010. MAINE: White’s Brook, Seven Islands, T. 13, R. 14 & 15, valley of the St. John R., Aroostook Co., St. John & Nichols 21045; St. John R., Madawaska, Fernald 117; Piscataquis R., Dover, Aug. 27, 1894, Fernald; Mattagodus Stream, TT redwell School, Prctiting Penobscot Co., ‘Steinmetz $23; Haley Pond, Rangeley, Franklin Co., Sept. 1, 1894, K. Furbish; Pembroke, Washington Co., Fernald 1622; Sydney, Kennebe¢ | 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 93 Co., Fernald & Long 12388. New Hampsuire: Colebrook, Cods Co., Pease & Fernald 17024 (app. v. reel ENE Horse- shoe P., Northumberland, Coés Co., Pease 17270 (app. v. subel- lipticus) ; Cherry P., Jdleeion; ‘Coés Co., July 1829, J. W. Robbins; bayou of the Connecticut R.., Hanover, July 12, 1910, E. tams (flaccid form). VER RMO ONT: Harve ey’s P., W. Barnet, Sept. 7, 1885, F. Blanchard; Windsor, Sept. 6, 1881, Geo. Leland; “fe ‘flumine Passumpsic,” A. Wood (original collec- tion of P. obrutus). MaAssacuusEtts: Richmond, Sept. 19, 1864, Robbins. New York: Preble, Cortland Co., July 31, 1886, Dudley; Paradox L., Muenscher & Lindsey 2712; Black R.., Dexter, Jefferson Co., Fernald, Wiegand & Eames 14082; n. of R. R. bridge, Cayuga, Cayuga Co., Oct. 1886, W. R. Dudley (mixed with P. illinoensis in US); Oxford, seo 30, 1886, F. V. Coville. PENNSYLVANIA: near Easton, Aug. 4, 1869, Thos. C: Porter. Ontario: Cross L. Portage, decaaeain Forest Roggio Krotkov 5142 (app. v. subellipticus); Current R., July 0, 1869, John Macoun; “Bruce Co., Peninsula,’ 1871, Joke Maw Micuican: Isle Royale, W. S. Cooper, no. “954 in part”; Dead R., Marquette, C. F. Wheeler 26; 3 mi. n. e. of Watersmeet, Gogebic Co., Bessey B & D 2781; Beaver R., Petoskey, July 2, 1878, E. J. Hill; Alma, Aug. 11, 1893, C. A. Davis; Chatham, C.F. Wheeler 90. Wisconsin: White Sand L., Vilas Co. , Aug. 11, 1930, J. P. E. Morrison; Minocqua, Oneida Co., Fassett fap between McNaughton and Rhinelander on Wis Cheney 1501. Manrrosa: Churchill, Polunin 1976, 1977, _ 2062. Minnesota: Lake Kilpatrick, Cass Co., Aug. 1893, C. H. Bullard (app. v. subellipticus); n. end of Squaw L., Clear- water Co., Moyle 894 (app. v. subellipticus); SouTH DaKora: Boulder Creek, Boulder Canyon, Lawrence Co., Over 13817 (app. Vv. subellipticus). MAcKENZIE: Setidgi L., 68° 28’ N., 132°: 20° W., Aug. 21, A. BE. & R. T. Porsild; McTavish ey Great Bear L., 66° 23’ N., 117° 40’ W., A. E. & R. T. Porsild. Sas- KATCHEWAN: Cornwall Bay, te Athabasca, 59° 27’ 30” N., 108° 27’ 30” W., Raup 6618, 6621, & 6622. Archibald R., vicinity of Wolverine Ptiyki Athabasca, 59° 9’ N., 108° 25’ W., aup 6741. ALBERTA: Slave Lake Dist., Brinkman 4541; Ver- million Lakes, Banff, Macoun 4365. MONTANA: eect Lakes, Maguire 472; Swift Current Creek, Maguire 474; Trou Lake, Maguire & Piranian 5442; Rost L. , Big Fork, Whitford 258: Swift Current Creek, below Lake McDermott, Glacier Nat’l Park, Standley 16855; Swan R. at Elbow (Lindberg) L., Mission Range, Missoula Co., G. B. & R. “ Rossbach 16. Ipano: Kootenai Co., Sept. 1887, J. H. Sandberg. Wvyomtna: Shoshone Lake, Yellowstone Nat’l Park, Padberg. & Bessey 3724 (TYPE no. of P. montanense Gandog.) & 3725; Heart Lake Creek, Yellow- stone region, Sept. 3, 1878, C. Richardson (mixed with v. subel- ° 94 Rhodora [Marcu lipticus in US). Cotorapo: Lake Eldora, Boulder Co., Clokey 3118; Georgetown, M. E. Jones 734; Walton Creek, Routt Co., July 1891, A. Eastwood; vicinity of Twin Lakes, July—Aug., 1902, C. Juday; Seven Lakes, F. E. & E. S. Clements 491; Grand Lake, Shear & Bessey 5328; Howe P. O., Larimer Co., Osterhout 2885; Tomichi R., Parlin, Gunnison Co., Aug. 20, 1901, Benj. H. Smith. Urvan: Clayton Peak, Wasatch Mts., Aug. 12-26, 1903, S. G. Stokes; Twin Lakes, Alta, Wasatch Mts., M. E. Jones 1297; Silver L. at Brighton, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Co., Maguire & Richards 13156; Bridger L., Uinta Mts., Summit Co., Rollins 2319; Brighton, M. E. Jones 6606. CALIFORNIA: North Fork of Kings R., Hall & Chandler 563, region of Kaweah Peaks, Funston’s Meadows, Tulare Co., Dudley 2201; Webber L., Sierra Co., Aug. 3, 1894, Dudley; Silver Valley, Alpine Co., Brewer 1978. OREGON: in a warm spring, Harney Valley, June 10, 1885, T. Howell (mixed with P. illinoensis). Wasuineron: Trout Creek, w. Klickitat Co., Suksdorf 2172; Falcon Valley, Mt. Adams, Sept. 1879, Suksdorf; Baker L., Whatcom Co., Muenscher 7657a & 7658. British Cotumstia: Kicking Horse L., Rocky Mts., Aug. 17, 1890, John Macoun 4162; Revelstoke, John Macoun 4163; Barkerville, McCabe 43; Nanaimo, Vancouver I., John Macoun 78321. AuasKa: Goldstream Cr. and Pedro Dome, 65° 0’ N., 147° 30’ W., A. E. & R. T. Porsild 114; Buckland R., 65° 55’ N., 161° 0’ W., A. E. & R. T. Porsild 1496; Afognak L., Afognak Island, Shelikof Strait off Alaska Pen., Aug. 1931, W. H. Rich; Kodiak Island, Trelease 2870 & 2871; Shumagin Islands, Saun- ders 2869; False Pass, Unimak Island, Aleutian Islands, Zyerdam 2141; Unalaska (type-locality of P. microstachys), Van Dyke 202, also Eyerdam 2360, and Hultén 7573; Seldovia, Piper) 4426; Kukak Bay, Alaska Pen., Coville & Kearney 1564; Olga Bay; Kodiak Island, Z. H. & H. B. Looff 1501. 2b. P. atpinus Balbis var. subellipticus (Fernald), comb. nov. P. microstachys var. subellipticus Fernald, Ruopora 32: (1930). _P. alpinus, sensu Morong Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2:19 (1893), in small part; sensu Graebn., in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 70 (1907), as to N. Am. plant in small part; sensu Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 19 (1909), in small part; sensu 4 ue ye nts a Pot. 141 (1916), as to Am. plant in or part. . tenuifolius var. subellipti RA dv: B11 (198i). pticus Fernald, RHopo Shallow pools and slow streams, Newfoundland, south to southern Vermont and eastern New York, sparingly westward tO — Wyoming and Montana. Map. 3. The following are referr here: NEWFOUNDLAND: Salmonier R., 1931, Agnes Ayre; Flowet — Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, Fernald & Long 26221, also. Hotchkiss — 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 95 27338; Stephenville, region of Bay St. George, F yest Wiegand & _ Kittredge 2442; Port a Port, Mackenzie & Griscom 10047. EC: Ile & la Proie, Archipel_ de Mingan, Victorin ao Rolland 20462: Locked Camp, Riviére Cap Chat, Matane Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 44451; Maria, Bonaventure Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33315; between Baldé and the Baie des Chaleurs, Bonaventure R., "Bonaventure Co., Collins, Fernald & Pease 591 i Georgeville, "Pease 1919; Charlton Island, about 52° N., 79° 30’ W., James Bay, A. E. Porsild 4296; Lac Philippe, Ladysmith, Pontiae Co., Gauthier 2446. Anticosti: Riviére Sainte-Marie, Victorin & Rolland 25938; Riviére au Saumon, Victorin, Rolland & Louis-Marie 20467. MaAGpALEN ISLANDS: East Cape and East Point, Coffin Island, Fernald, Long & St. John 6766, (TYPE in Gray Herb. ); Ile de Havre-au-Ber, Victorin & Rolland 9928. New Brunswick: Eel R., Dalhousie, Svenson & Fassett 3028. Nova Scotia: Baddeck Bay, Victoria Co., Fernald & Long 19687. Matne: Houlton, Aroostook Co., 1881, K. Furbish, ee Fernald & Long nahh begin? Piscataquis Co., Sept. 5, 1894, Sept. 15, 1894 & Aug. 31, 1896, Fernald. VERMONT: Little Leech Pond, Averill, oe Co., Eggleston 1656; Willoughby, Orleans Co., Aug. 4& 11, 1881, E. Fazon; “Nigger” P., Westmore, Orleans Co., Eames & Godfrey 9334; West Burke, Redfield 8014; Evart’s P., Windsor, Aug. 27, 1933, Weatherby & Griscom. New York: Minerva Brook, east of Minerva, Essex Co., House 15182; Niagara Falls, Aug. 21, 1886, Morong; Para- dox L., Essex Co., Killip 12605 (mixed with P. pacts Sree in US). ONTARIO: Howdenvale, Watson 3144 & 3146; River Trent, John Macoun 4168; Batchawana Falls, Algoma Dist., Taylor et al. 294. MicnigAn: Eagle Harbor, Keweenaw Pen., 1863, Robbins; North Cliff, Keweenaw Co., Aug. 1, 1888, O. A. Farwell; west branch Ontonagon Ri. endaetoat| Li: Gogebic Co., Hotchkiss & Koehle r 4849. Wisconsin: Three Lakes, Oneida Co., Aug. 5, 1918, R. Hoffman; n. w. end of Big Arbor Vitae L., Vilas Co., Hotchkiss & so btig 4460. Minnesota: Lake il- patrick, Gass Co., Aug. 1893, C. A. Ballard; Gull L., Cass Co., Aug. 1893, A. P. prep ii SASKATCHEWAN: Archibald Re Meg of Wolverine Pt., L. Athabasca, about 59° 9’ N., 108° 5’ W., Raup 6742. Montana: Lake Josephine, Glacier Nat'l Park Maguire 478. Ipano: west end of Fernan L., Coeur d’ Alene, Rust 384. Wyomina: Heart Lake Creek, Yellowstone region (mixed with v. tenuifolius in US; sheet in G not mixed) ; e. fork of Big Sandy, Wind River Mts., ‘all 1878, C. Richardson. British Cotumsia: Austey Creek, Shuswap L., J. M. Macoun 4166. In 1930, Fernald showed that the American and eastern Asiatic plant which had been passing as P. alpinus Balbis of 98 Rhodora [Marcu even stranded along the shore, while many specimens of var. subellipticus show evidences of having developed in deep water. 3. P. POLYGONIFOLIUS Pourret Ruizome buff or pinkish, often with arate ete about same thickness as stem. Stem simple, .7—-2 m n diameter; stele with the proto-type pattern; endodermis came: of O-cells; interlacunar bundles absent; subepidermal bundles present; pseudo-hypodermis 1 or 2 cells thick. SuBMERSED LEAVES (usually absent) with blades lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, .5-1.5 cm. wide, aioe gradually at both ends, apex acutish but not sharp-pointed, petiole 1-3 cm. long; nerves 7-11, outer ones marginal; lacunae rather obscure, of 2—4 hdd each side of mid- rib; margin entire. FLOATING LEAVES coriaceous, ovate, apex tapering to an obtuse tip, base rounded or slightly cordate, peti- oles 1-15 cm. long, blades 3-8 (-9) em. long, 1-4 cm. wide, nerves (11—) 15-19 (—21), all of about equal prominence; lacunae none. StipuLes about 3 em. long, somewhat persistent, without keels or practically so. PEpuNCLES about same thickness as stem, 4-12 cm. long. Spikes with about 10 whorls, in fruit 2-3 cm. long, .5-.7 em. wide. FLOowers sessile or nearly so; sepalany = connectives greenish, blades orbicular or elliptical, 1-2 m wide, claws .3-.7 mm. long; anthers .6—.8 mm. long. Fruits 4 obovate to orbicular, rounded at base, sides with a depression, — especially if immature, (1.6—) 2-2.5 mm. long, (1.2—) 1.5-2.1 mm. wide; beak minute or obsolete; keels absent or nearly so; exocarp reddish; endocarp loop often ‘with a large cavity; apex of see pointing toward the basal end or slightly above. P. po soem foliue Pourr., Mém. Acad. Toulouse 3: 325 (1788); Benn., Bot. Gaz. 32: 58 (1901); Graebn. in Engler. Pflanzenr., — 4: fam. 11: 65 (1907); paige N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 21 (1909); sca Crit. Res. Pot. 175 5 (1916). gt Arséne At Nov VA je pba Sable Tuand. 43° 59! N., Tow; St John 1121 & 1 ae polygonifolius ranges Bibi Europe, Algeria, Morocco, q Madeira and the Azores', but appears in the western hemisphere — } The old world range of this species is taken from Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. 178° - os It is also given a widespread Asiatic range by Bennett, Bot. Gaz. 32: 59 1) 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 99 only in eastern Newfoundland, the island of St. Pierre close by, and Sable Island off Nova Scotia. It may be presumed that this species in America, now confined to areas that largely escaped the last continental glaciation, once had a much wider range. This species has a strong tendency to produce floating leaves which often spring almost directly from the rhizome. Terres- trial forms are common and in such condition may survive in ponds that dry up for a part of the summer.! 4. P. ampuirouius Tuckerman Ruwi1zoMeEs whitish or often with a reddish cast, 2-4 mm. in diameter, scales black, broadly obtuse. Stem terete, 1-3.5 mm. in diameter, simple or ‘forming short branches late in the season; stele with the proto-type pattern; endodermis of O-cells; inter- lacunar bundles present throughout; subepidermal bundles absent; pseudo-hypodermis 1 or 2 cells thick. SuBMERSED LEAVES (excluding transition leaves) of two more or less distinct types: those on the lower part of the stem lanceolate, dark green and usually badly decayed by the time the floating leaves appear, with 19-25 nerves: those of the upper part of the stem broadly lanceolate to ovate with margins much longer than midrib giving those leaves just below the floating ones a characteristic arcuate appearance, with 23-87 nerves; both types obtuse or acutish at apex, but never sharp-pointed, ‘and —— to sper 1-6 cm. ae blades 8-20 cm. long, 2.5-7.5 em. wide; margins entire; lacunae 3-6 rows each side of midrib. rome ee with gradual transitions from the submersed ones, coriaceous, opaque, ovate to elliptical, apex rounded or bluntly mucronate base cuneate or rounded, aes 8-20 cm. long, bla 5-10 em. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, with (21—) 29-41 (-51) Covel, about \4 of the nerves more nacre than the others, as seen by transmitted light; lacunae none. Srtrputes of the oa inne leaves somewhat persistent, fibrous, triangular, obtuse when young, becoming twistedly stringy with age, 3.5-11 cm. long, obscurely 2-keeled; those of the floating leaves similar, 5-12 (-18.5) em. long, with 2 fairly well marked keel-nerves and 30—40 fine nerves. PEDUNCLEs at base about same thickness as stem, but usually thicker at the middle or upper half, 4-30 cm. long. Sprkes with 9-16 whorls; in fruit 4-8 cm. long, 1—1.5 cm. thick. FLowers sessile or on very short pedicels up to 1 mm. long; sepaloid connectives usually with a — ari sometimes greenish, blades orbicular to elliptical, (1.2—) 1 3 (- —3.5) mm. wide, claws .4-.8 (-1) mm. long; anthers .8-1. 5 2) mm. long. 1 See Harold St. John, Sable Island, etc., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: no. 1: 59 (1921). 100 Rhodora [Marcu Fruits obovate, rounded on the back, cuneate at base, sides flat, 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm. long (excluding beak), 2.5-3.3 (-3.7) mm. wide, beak often prominent, up to 1 mm. long; keels usually prominent but sometimes rounded or obscure, the dorsal one often strongly developed, especially at the middle; exocarp usually reddish or orange-brown if fully mature, otherwise greenish; endocarp with 3 prominent, acutish and often some- what muricate keels, beak linear, facial, about 1 mm. long, loop solid; apex of seed pointing .6-1.5 mm. above the basal end. Robust plants characterized by several large arcuate submersed leaves clustered just below the water surface, and floating leaves with numerous nerves. P. amplifolius Tuckerm., Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 6: 225 (1848); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club. 3: no. 2: 16 (1893); Graebner in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 67 (1907); Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 18 (1909); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 163 (1916). P. lucens var. ? fluitans (Roth) Gray, Man. ed. 2: 435 (1856), as to plants — included in part, not P. fluitans Roth. ?P. amplifolius forma amphibius Benn., Journ. Bot. 42: 70 (1904). ?P. amplifolius — var. ovalifolius Morong ex Benn., Journ. Bot. 42: 70 (1904); ? Graebn., in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 68 (1907). ?P. amplifolius var. amphibius (Benn.) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. . fam. 11: 68 (1907). Spirillus amplifolius (Tuckerm.) Nieuwl., — m. Mid. Nat. 3: 16 (1913). P. amplifolius forma homophyllus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 163 (1916). Lakes and streams, usually in deep water. Newfoundland, south to Virginia and Tennessee, west to Missouri and Kansas, also in California, Oregon and Washington. Mar 5. The follow- ing, selected from many specimens, are representative: NEW- FOUNDLAND: Salmonier R., 1931, Ayre; Frenchman’s Cove, Bay of Islands, Mackenzie & Griscom 10045. QurBeEc: Lac Sainte- Bap il Anne, Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33517; New Richmond, Bona- . venture Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33858; Lake Mem- phremagog, July 29, 1902, J. R. Churchill; Riviére-aux-Serpents, ka, Victorin 20457, 21201 & 25815; East Templeton, John Macoun 85584; East Templeton near Hull, Malte 118267 & 118268. McGregor L., J. M. Macoun 86002; Lac Lepéche, Rolland 13044; Otter L., Pontiac Co., Gauthier 2422; Lac Donald- son, Buckingham, Rouleau 7231; Kondiaronk (Lac Creux); Victorin 16065. Nova Scotta: Mill Brook, Sheffield’s Mills, Kings Co., Aug. 24, 1902, Fernald; Young’s L., North Mt: Belle Isle, Annapolis Co., Fernald, Bartram, Long & Fassett 23139; Lily L., Sandy Cove, Digby Co., Fernald & Long 19688; Little _ Meteghan L., Digby Co., Fernald & Long 23140; Sloane L., Pleasant Valley, Yarmouth Co., Fernald, et al. 19689. MaiNE: Saint Francis R., Aroostook Co., Aug. 13, 1902, Eggleston & Fernald; St. John P., T. 6, R. 17, Somerset Co., St. John & 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 101 Nichols 2108; Eagle L. Del wig Co., Ogden 1704; E. Edding- ton, Penobscot Co. , Aug. 2 , 1897, Fernald; Harvey’s P., Levant, Penobscot Co., Ogden t ’ Marston 1698, Plantae Exsiccatae Grayanae 904; Loon L., Franklin Co., 1894, Furbish; Middle P., . Poland, Androscoggin Co., Sept. 1893, Furbish. New Ha AMP- SHIRE: Lime Pond, Columbia, Coés Co., Pease 13883; York P., Kilkenny, Coés Co., Pease 17185; Burns P., Whitefield, Coés Co., Pease 14585, also Moore 5036; Wolfboro, Carroll CoRR: A. Ware 38326; Squaw Cove, Squam e , Sandwi ch, Carroll Co. , July 21, 1923, Svenson; Dublin, Cheshire Co., Aug. 8, 1931, Eaton & Griscom; Johnson Creek, Madbury, Strafford Co., Hodgdon 2662. VERMONT: Little Leech P., Averill, Essex Co., ‘Eggleston 1655; Long Pond, Willoughby, Orleans Co., spi 26, 1896, Kennedy; Willoughby L., Aug. 31, 1917, E. J. Win low; Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain, Swanton, Franklin Co., Get 3 , 1909, A. E. Blewitt; Spectacle L., Rutland Co., July 21, 1907, EB. C. Kent; Big P., Rutland Co., Aug. 29, 1895, F.C. Kent; Chittenden, Aug. 18, 1895, Eggleston. Massacuuserts: Wenham , Wen- ham, Essex Co., July 18, 1895, J. H. Sears; Fresh P., Cambridge, Middlesex Co., many collectors: Concord R., Billerica, Middlesex Co. , Fernald & Abbe 2506; Sudbu ry R., Conco rd, Middlesex Co., Aug. 4, 1886, Morong, also Aug. 4, 1886, Deane, also Ogden & Wiggins 1729; Wood’s P. | Wellesley, Norfolk Co., Aug. 1, 1881, Morong; Middleboro, Plymouth Co., Aug. 12, 1 1901, J. Murdock: Quinsigamond P., Worcester, June 2 1864, Robbins; Great Brook, Southwick, Hampden Co., Seymour 249; Spectacle P;; Sandisfield, Berkshire Co., June 27, 1912, R. Hoffmann; mont, Standley & Killip 7648. Ruope Isuanp: Pawtuxet R., Cranston, eke nie Co., July 6, 1898, J. F. Collins; Apponaug " Kings ” TApponaug Pond is in the town of Wa rwick] Wankicue. yor Aug. 26, 1880, Morong. CoNNEcTICUT: Thompson, Windham Co., June 10, 1922, Eaton & Fassett; East Granby, Hartford Co., Weatherby D2409; Hamlins P., Plainville Hartford Co., Blewitt. 632; Quinnipaug P., Guilford, New ae — or 1886, W. R. Dudley; Seldens Cove, Lyme, A ae, , Citi Bissell; Mudge P., Sharon, Weatherby & ree erson son Colebrook, Aug. 13, 18 50, J. W. Robbins; West Goshen, Aug. 1892, L. M. Underwood; Twin Lakes Station, Salisbury, Litehfield Co., Aug. 20, 1935, Fernald & Ogden. New York: Mouth of Perch River, Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1600; Spencer Lake, Spencer, Tioga Co., Eames & Wiegand 11172; Pierrepont P., Woodville, House 8838, also Ogden & Bolan 1583; Indian L., Franklin Co., Muenscher & Maguire 719; Eagle L. Essex Co., Killip 12610; Bemus Point, Lake Chautauqua, Aug. 8, 1896, Churchill; Edick Creek near Sears P., Lewis Co., Hotch- kiss 2646; Rockl and L., July 17, 1892, Morong; Carpe nters r, Fabius, Onondaga Co., House 1329; Waldorf F., & Of Nor th 102, Rhodora [Marcu Chatham, Columbia Co., House 21752; Pine P. (Gypsy L.), Putnam Co., Muenscher & Curtis 5423; Sodus Bay, Killip 12261; Lake Luzerne, Luzerne, Warren Co., Fogg 4934; Hudson R., Coveville, Saratoga Co., Muenscher & Lindsey 2723; North Harpersfield, Delaware Co., Topping 203; near Peekskill, West- chester Co., 1868, LeRoy. New Jrersry: Delaware R., Camden, Oct. 7, 1877, C. F. Parker; Pensauken, Camden Co., Adams & Trudell 378; Swartswood L., Sussex Co., Griseom & Mac- kenzie 10679; Cranberry L., Sussex Co., Mackenzie 2305; Sparta, ussex Co., Sept. 13, 1887, N. L. Britton; Hackensac R., Bergen Co., July 25, 1861, C. F. Austin. PENNSYLVANIA: Mar- tin’s Creek, Northampton Co., Aug. 29, 1906, C. S. Williamson; Lehigh above Easton, June 15, 1869, Thos. C. Porter; Brandy- wine Creek, Icedale, Chester Co., Sept. 18, 1927, H. E. Stone. District oF Cotumsia: near Washington, Coville 129; Eastern Branch below Navy Yard, Sept. 1, 1900, EZ. S. Steele. MARYLAND: Mouth of Mill Creek, Chesapeake Bay Region, G. H. Shull 97. 4 West Virainia: Minnehaha Springs, Pocahontas Co., July 31, 1930, W. V. U. Bot. Exped.; also E. E. Berkley 1887; Huttons- — ville, Randolph Co., Moore 2488. Vriretnta: Four Mile Run, Shull 413 & 473; June 6, 1899, E. S. Steele; Dyke, Fairfax Co., Metcalf & Sperry 1621, 1634, & 1639; Hunting Creek, Dist. of Columbia and vicinity, McAtee 2237 & 2279. Grorata: Lafay- — ette, Walker Co., Wilson 189. Ontario: Plevna, Aug. 19, 1902, — J. Fowler; Epilobium Bay, Bear Island, Watson 1178; Whitney — L., 12 mi. n. of Temagami, Kane 1030; Bass Creek, Franks Bay, Lake Nipissing, Chitty 319; McGregor Bay, Manitoulin District, Ogden & Bolan 1647; Gore Bay, Manitoulin Island, Pease & — Ogden 25032; Old Woman’s R., Bruce Pen., Krotkov 8629; Gull L., Addington Co., July 15, 1870, John Macoun; Belleville, Hastings Co., July 1876, John Macoun; Lac Meach, Ottawa, Rolland 8697. : Micutean: Isle Royale, Cooper 93 & 215; Lake Manganese, Cop- — per Harbor, Keweenaw Co., Hermann 8233; Carp R., Porcupine Mts., Aug. 16, 1923, H. T. Darlington; Crystal Falls, Iron Co., Metcalf 2242, 2250, 2254 & 2255; Michigamme L., Iron Co., — Metcalf 2209 & 2210; Whitefish L., Mackinac Co., Metcalf 2321; _ Chassell, Houghton Co., Pease & Ogden 25167; Black L., Che- — boygan Co., Aug. 3, 1935, Gleason; Little Manistee R., Manistee, — Aug. 8, 1882, Morong; Washtenaw Co., July 17, 1838, Houghton; — Mill-pond, Alma, Aug. 11, 1893, C. A. Davis; Kalamazoo R., — Allegan Co., Wight 97 & 109; Kimble L., Vicksburg, Kalamaz00 — Co., July 5 & 28, F. W. Rapp; Sister Lakes, Van Buren Co.; De Selm 24 (F, mixed with P. natans); Papaw L., Berrien C0. _ Dodge 172; Haslet, Yuncker 361. Onto: Geauga L., Portage Co. — Webb 546; Phalanx, Trumbull Co., Webb 452; Cowles Creek Marsh, Ashtabula Co., Aug. 15, 1894, Goodrich 209; East Harbor, Ottawa Co., Aug. 10, 1898, E. L. Moseley; Put-in-Bay, Aug Se a aera aman SR RN RE abel FERRIER sa Cn eR SE em A ROR eS em 23 STt 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 103 1898, A. J. Pieters. InpiaAnNa: Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell & Clark 1223, also Clark 5 & 10, also Scovell 26 (US, mixed with P. natans) & 28, also Evermann 1223; 4.3 mi. south of Hayden, Jennings Co., Deam 48399; Loon L., Whitley Co., Deam 49399; Lake Manitou, Rochester, Fulton Co., Deam 56490; Wolf L., Whiting, Lake Co., Deam 56616; Wolf L., Lake Co., Aug. 18, 1920, D. C. Peattie; Hamilton L., Hamilton, Steuben Co., Deam 56683; Pine L., 2 mi. n. w. of La Porte, La Porte Co., Deam 52425. Kentucky: a specimen without locality data except ‘‘C. W. Short, M.D., Lexington, Kentucky.” aplee | TENNESSEE: Mill-Sharp Lane, Lost Creek, Union Co., 1933, J. K. Underwood. ALABAMA: Larkin Fork of Peat oat RB: , Jackson Co., June 25, 1932, Harper. Wisconsin: Green Bay, June 29, 1890, Schuette; "Madison, July 30, 1889, Trelease; Lake Mendota, Madison, Dane Co., July 26, 1905, A. B. Stout; Lake Mendota, Aug. 20, 1912, R. H. Denniston; Hill ee Minocqua, Oneida Co., Fassett 5362: Deer L., Polk Co., Aug. 1892, Pei. Burglehaus; Pell L., Bloomfield Twp., Walworth Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4192; Kakagon Slough, Odanah, Sanborn Twp., Ash- land Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4353; Pewaukee L., Milwaukee Co., Aug. 1884, H. E. Hasse; near Lac Vieux Desert, Cheney 1785. Inutnors: Lake Villa, Lake Co., Gleason & Shobe 176; Wolf L., Chicago, Chase 1710; Chicago R., Cook Co., July 21, 1906, F. ¢. Gates; Englewood, June 15—July 22, 1880, herb. C. E. Faxon, also July 22, 1880, E. J. Hill; Dupage ss; Warrenville at Oosting 3275; Cedar L., Rice Co., Oct. 22, 1891, E. Douglas; Lake Koronis, Stearns Co., Kubichek 115b (US, mixed with P. natans) & 120; Centre City, Sandberg 658; Chisago L., Metcalf 1140 & 1160; Center City, Sandberg 656; Basswood is, Lake Co.; = Metcalf 151 1; Tait L., Kandiyohi Co., ’ Metcalf 2024: Leech L., Cass Co., Shunk & Mc anning 353: Mille Lacs L., Mille Lacs Co., “4 Keck & Stevens 332; Dudley L., Keck & Stilwill 377; L. Minne- tonka, Keck & Stibwill 433; ae Louis L., Stearns Co., Linsdale & Keck 5h: Map Wright Co., Linsdale & Keck 115; Lake Francis at Hiya, ‘Le ie Co., M ae 4 2261. Iowa: Clear is May. 7, 1893, H. Buen (M, raid with P. pulche r); Ha-ha- tonka, Camden Co., Metcalf 929; Gravois Mills, Morgan Co., Metcalf 888, also Steyermark 28071; Brice, Laclede Co., Geo. oore 81; Nian ngua R., near Bennett Spring ete Park, Dallas Co., Steyermark 13782: Eleven Point R., abot mi. n. e. of Peace Valley, Howell Co., Steyermark i448? eek’. Fork of Current R., 5 mi. s. e. of Arroll, Texas Co., paseo 14624; near Double Spring (Rainbow Spring ), 4 mi. n. e. of Dormis and mi. s. e. of Dora, Ozark Co., Steyermark 15560. ARKANSAS: 104 Rhodora [Marcu Paragould, Green Co., June 27, 1893, H. Eggert; Powers Creek, 2 mi. s. w. of Batesville, Coville 189. Norta Daxota: Antler Creek, Antler, Bergman 2484. Sours Daxora: Lake Hendricks, Brookings Co., Griffiths & Schlosser 4; Little Minn. R., Roberts Co., Over 15425 & 17142; Pickerel L., Day Co., Over 14459 & 17141. Nepraska: Lincoln, Webber 4; Greenwood, T. A. Williams 344; Antelope Creek, Cedar Co., Clements 2979. Kansas: Comanche Co,, A. S. Hitchcock 1000; Ellis, July 1876, S. Watson; Decatur Co., A. S. Hitchcock 1099; Spring P., Cottonwood Springs, Chase Co., Aug. 1870, E. Hall. Oxkta- HOMA: Sapulpa, Bush 1318; Cache, Comanche Co., Stevens 1364 US, mixed with P. nodosus). Montana: Fish L., Glacier Nat’l Park, Standley 18528. Ivano: Priest L., Piper 3684, also MacDougal 303; Alturus L., Evermann 493. Ca.irornta: Red L. above Soda Springs of the San Joaquin, Aug. 16, 1899, J. W. Congdon; Satcher L. near Devils’ Post Pile, Madera Co., Ferris 8845; Webber L., Sierra Co., Aug. 1894, Dudley. OREGON: Salem, E. Hall 487, 488 & 488a; Ten-mile L., near Lakeside, Coos Co., Peck 9026; Sauvies Island, Thomas Howell 1498. WasuIncTon: Olympic Mts. near the coast, Clallam Co., A. D. E. Elmer 2798; Pullman, Henderson 2474; 28 mi. south of Tacoma on the Mt. Rainier Rd., Pierce Co., Abrams 9241; Blakeley 9. San Juan Islands, S. M. & E. B. Zeller 1238; Lake P. amplifolius is a robust plant of ponds and streams, usually preferring the deep, clear water. It grows vigorously in either acid or alkaline water.. The submersed leaves persist in acid oF neutral waters, but if lime is present, it precipitates on the leaves to such an extent that they are soon broken off. This precipitate forms on P. amplifolius even when such minute traces of lime are present that other species show no evidences of it. Although for its typical development this species prefers the deeper water, whenever its rhizomes creep up onto the muddy ~ banks, terrestrial forms are produced. These are always sterile. The variety ovalifolius that Bennett credits to Morong 18 presumably a state of P. amplifolius, but the meager description sounds suspiciously like P. pulcher. In view of the fact that — Bennett reports P. amplifolius from Arkansas and from Florida’, where it is not found, and P. pulcher from Maine? where it does — 1 Arthur Bennett, Journ. Bot. 42: 77 (1904). ?—_______—, Journ. Bot. 40: 146 (1902). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 105 not seem to be, it is possible that he had the identities of these plants reversed. His forma amphibius is based in part on re- marks of Morong', which definitely refer to P. pulcher. Graebner evidently copied Bennett’s names and descriptions without any inquiry as to upon what they were based. 1 Thomas Morong, Mem. Torr. Club. 3: no. 2: 17 (1893). (T'o be continued) THE BROAD-LEAVED SPECIES OF POTAMOGETON OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO E. C. OGDEN (Continued from page 105) 5. P. putcHer Tuckerman Ruizome buff, often with dark red spots, .5-1 mm. in diam- eter. Stem simple, terete, 1-2.5 mm. in diameter, usually con- 120 Rhodora [APRIL - spicuously ba awed: stele with the proto-type pattern; endodermis of O-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal bundles absent; pseudo-hy podermis 1 cell thick. StuBmMERsED LEAVES (excluding transition leaves) of two more or less distinct types, those of the lower part of the stem semi-opaque, oblong with rounded apices; those of the upper part of the stem translucent, lanceolate to lance-linear, not arcuate, apex acutish but not sharp-pointed, ate types tapering at base to short petioles (up to 1.5 em. long) or sometimes practically sessile; blades 8-14 (-18) em. long, 1-2.5 (—3.5) em. wide, nerves (9-) 1 11-21, outer ones marginal; margins entire; lacunae 4-8 rows each side of midrib. FLoatinGc LEAvEs coriaceous, ovate to rotund; apex gegen or bluntly mucronate; base cordate or rounded; petioles 4-18 iat blades 2-7 (-11) em. long, 1.5-4 (-8.5) cm. wide, with (19-) 2 —29 (-35) nerves, all of about equal prominence, as seen by Scenes light; lacunae none or very faint. STI- PULES of the submersed leaves decaying early, those of the floating seen persistent, narrowly triangular, obtuse when young, becoming acutish with age, 2-5 cm. long, 2-keeled. PrepUNCLEs of rather even thickness ‘throughout, 5-8 (—11) cm. long. Spikes with about 10 whorls, in fruit 2-3.5 em. long, . 1.1 em. thick. FLowers sessile or nearly so; sepaloid connec- tives usually with a tigers cast, blades sehiecltat to elliptical, (1.2-) 1.5-2.5 (-3) mm. wide, claws, .4-.8 mm. long; anthers — .8-1.4 mm. long. Gucie obliquely ovate, sande) or cuneate at — base, sides flat or slightly concave, (2. 7-) 3-3.5 (-4) mm. long, (2.3- -) 2 .6-3.2 (-3.4) mm. wide; beak often prominent, up to 8 mm. long; keels usually prominent, acutish, the dorsal one often strongly developed, and sometimes with a basal lobe projecting below the point of attachment; exocarp mostly light brown, sometimes olive-green; endocarp with 3 prominent, acutish an somewhat muricate keels, beak linear, facial, about 1 mm. long, — loop solid; apex of seed pointing 5-1.2 m m. above the basal end. Plants characterized by a ete aye spotted stem, with large cordate floating leaves and lanceolate submersed leaves which taper rather abruptly to - gt . P. pulcher Tuckerm., Am. Jou : 45: 38 (1843); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 9: “16 1808), aaa in Engler, — Pflanzenr. 4: fam. a 67 (1907); Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1:21 — (1909); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 152 (1916). P. natans sensu Bigel., Fl. Bost. 41 (igi4), according to Tuckerm., Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 1: 45: 38 (1843). P. lucens var. ? fluitans (Roth) Gray, — Man. ed. 2: 435 (1856), as to plants included in part, not P. fluitans Roth. ?P. amplifolius forma amphibius Benn., Journ. — aa ee 70 (1904). ?P. amplifolius var. ovalifolius Morong ex | , Journ. Bot. 42: 70 (1904); ?Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzent. rs tara 11: 68 (1907). ?P. amplifolius var. amphibius (Benn.) - 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 121 Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 68 (1907). Spirillus pulcher Nieuwl., Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 16 Hers P. pulcher forma amphibius Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 153 (1916). Shallow muddy ‘pools, peaty pond-holes and sluggish streams chiefly of the Coastal Plain and Mississippi embayment, southern Nova Scotia, southern New Hampshire, south to Georgia, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri and Minnesota. Map 6 The following, selected from many specimens, are referred here. Nova Scorta: Sears L., New Tusket, Digby Co., Fernald & Long 23137; Rhodeniser L., e: of Ridacounters Lunenburg Co., Fernald & Long 23138. New Hampsurre: Contoocook R.., Jaffrey, Rand & Robinson 1013. MassACHUSETTS: Foster’s Pond, Andover, Essex Co., Pease 2011; Waushakum P., Ashland, Mid- dlesex Co., June 1879, July 1, 1881, eee 1882 & Aug. 7, 1882, Morong; Spot Ps Stoneham, ‘July 852, Robbins; Whitman FP. Weymouth, Norfolk Co., ppg Perry ’Sampson’s P., Carver, Plymouth Co., Fernald 750; Uncatena, Elizabeth Islands, Dukes Co., Fogg 2 997; L. Neeseponset, Dana, Worcester Co., Goodale, Markert & Piper 96988; Readville, Suffolk Co., June 16, 1878 & June 16, 1880, C. E. Faxon, also June 23, 1879, Morong; Natick, June 1, 1881 & Sept. 27, 1881, Morong; Nantucket, Nantucket Co., July 1887, Morong. RuopE ISLAND: ponds between Pilot Hill iak: Southeast Point, Block Island, Newport Co., Fernald, Hunnewell & Long 8443; Apponaug P., Apponaug, Aug. 26, 1880, orong. CoN dae: Fairfield, E. H. Eames 8740 & 8746; Killingworth, Middlesex Co., Aug. 19, 1915, C. H. Bissell. New York: River Head, Wading R.., Long Island, May 25, 1878, E. S. Miller; Long Island, May 1890, nf a Tillinghast; Valley Stream, Queens Co. Roepe Island, July 1886, J. A. Bisky; Arden, Staten Island, Oct. 1886, A. Ho lick: Hockland L., July 17, 1872, orong. Nex JERSEY: Molly Wheaton Run, e. of Greenwich, Cumberland Co., Fogg 2077; Elmer, Salem Co., Redfield 7996; Cape May Co urt House, Killip 30845; Atlantic City, oa, © 1868, C. F. Parker. Stage Ley ston Tullytown, Bucks , Ma ay 24, 1930, W. M. Ben DetawarkE: Record’s P., Lau ang Sussex Co. , Fogg 1840; Glendaniel (Hudson) P., 2 mi. s. of Lincoln, aay sex Co. , Fogg 4504; Indian R.., Millsboro, Sussex Co. 23, 1876 6, A. Commons; cedar swamp, New Castle Co. , Sept. 20, “1867, Commons; Cherry Island Marsh, below Edgmoor, Wilmington, July 27, 1896, Commons; Canterbury, July 1874, Wm. M. Canby. MaryLAND: Marshyhope Creek, Federalsburg, Caroline Co., Shreve 1622; Blackwater R., Dorchester Co., Shreve 1597; Willards, Wicomico Co., Aug. 12, 1910, J. J. Carter. VircINta: 4 miles n. w. of Waverly, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long 5977; brook entering Nowney Creek, Back Bay, Princess Anne Co. Fernald, Griscom & Long 4535; near Cornland, Norfolk Co., Fernald & Griscom 1296; pond near Luray Caverns, Luray, 122 Rhodora [APRIL June 1, 1909, HZ. B. Bartram; near Elko, Grimes 4196; vicinity of Cape Henry, Killip 6896; Great Dismal Swamp, Kearney 1626; Washington Canal, Dismal Swamp, Boettcher 9; Dahlia, Greens- ville Co., Fernald & Long 8588. NortTu CAROLINA: Cape Fear R., Wilmington, herb. Hexamer & Maier 466; Hendersonville, Henderson Co., Biltmore Herb., 5980*. Groraia: near Huguenin, Sumter Co., Harper 1402; Brier Creek, Screven Co., Harper 2088. Fuoria: Miccosukee L., Sperry 509. Onto: Baumgart- ner’s L., Jackson Twp., Fra nklin Co., Aug. 16, 1929, H. Flint. INDIANA: pond about 3 mi. n. w. of Grayville, Sullivan Co., Deam 25704; Pine Station, Lake Co., June 1884, E. J. Hill; Pine, Lake Co., June 21, 1897, A. M. Chase. KENTUCKY: Lexington, 1836, "C. W. Short; s. e. of Mammouth Cave, Edmon- son Co., Svenson 156. TENNESSEE: Goose P., Pelham, cma Co., Svenson 9108 & 10160. ALABAMA: Montgomery, es loosa, Tuscaloosa Co., Svenson 9427. ILLINOIS: Mason "Coe Aug. 1860 & Aug. 1861, HE. Hall; Athens, Menard Co., 1861, — E. Hall. Minnesota: Colby li; Taylors’ Falls, Metcalf 1291. Missourt: St. Louis, 1838, N. Riehl, also Aug. 1847, Geo. Engel- mann; Montier, June 8, 1890 0, Bush; north of Flatwoods, Ripley Co., Steyermark 14245; Little Black River, Pleasant Grove, Ripley oe Mackenzie 359; between Gladden & Timber, Dent r & Steyerm ark 41417; Hogan, Iron Co., July 15, — Pal 1898, C; eek Nettleton, Caldwell Co., May 7, 1893, H. Eggert (M, mixed with P. amplifolius; F, NY, US, not mixed). ARKAN- sas: Nettleton, Craighead Co., May 1893, agent; Greene Co., May 7, 1893, "Eggert; Judsonia, June 13, 1877, H. S. Reyne Lourstana: Calcasieu R., St: Martinville, Oct. vi 1893, B. Langlois (US). Oxuanoma: Page, Leflore Co., Blakley “ee also E. J. Palmer 33310. Texas: Lindale, April 23, 1901, Reverchon (M). Tuckerman’s original description of P. pulcher is brief but leaves little doubt as to what plant he referred to this species. He was certainly in error however, when he stated that it has ‘“‘much larger seeds’”’ than P. praelongus. He was quite familiar with the P. praelongus of Fresh Pond, Cambridge, where it grew : abundantly and was collected there by Boott, Tuckerman, Robbins, Morong, and the Faxons. However, all of the Fresh Pond material of P. praelongus seen by me lacks mature fruits, and it may be that Tuckerman did not at that time realize how large the mature fruits of that species really are. His supple- — mentary description! is absolutely conclusive as to the plant he . was describing. 1 Edward Tuckerman, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 6: 224 (1848). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 123 The forma amphibius and var. ovalifolius which Bennett. re- ferred to P. amplifolius may possibly be P. pulcher. They have been discussed under P. amplifolius. Hagstrém’s forma am- phibius is the terrestrial state so common to P. pulcher. 6. P. Noposus Poiret RuizoMeE white, suffused or spotted with rusty red. Stem simple, terete, often pressing very flat, 1-1.5 (-2) mm. in diam- eter; stele with the trio-type pattern, ‘with the phloem on the inner face of the trio-bundle appearing as one patch; endodermis of O-cells (rarely more thickened on the inner face and appear- ing as U-cells); Hanah ree! and eH ai org bundles absent; pacudodenederiin absen SUBMERSED LEAvEs thin, linear- lanceolate to broadly janes lhipadaly ‘9-20 em. tie 1-3.5 cm. wide, tapering gradually at base into a petiole 2-13 cm. long, tapering gradually to an acutish (but not sharp pointed) apex; nerves 7-15; lacunae of 2-5 rows along the midrib; margin of young blades with fugacious translucent denticles. FLOATING LEAVES coriaceous, with long petioles; blades lenticular to elliptical, cuneate or somewhat sounded at base, apex acutish bo rounded (sometimes with an obtuse wierd (3) 5-9 (-1l1) ¢ long, (1.5-) 2-4 (-4.5) em. wide; n s (9-) 13-21; tania rarely present. StTrpuLEs of pabulenid eaves brownish, often delicate and decaying early, linear, acute or obtuse, 3— “a ) em. long; those of the floating leaves similar but usually broader at base and more or less 2-keeled. ine deb ory usually thicker than the stem, 1.5-2.3 mm. in diameter, 3-15 cm. long. Young SPIKES compact but | becoming eas at anthesis, of 10-15 (—17) whorls of hpi at maturity usually not densely fruited, 3-6 (-7) em. long, 8-1 em. thick. FLOweErs sessile; sepaloid. con- nectives greenish or brownish, orbicular or elliptical, (1.4-) 1.6—-2.2 (to 2.6 on basal flowers) wide; 366 1—-1.4 mm. long. Fruits obovate, 3.5-4 (—4.3) mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. wide; keels prominent, the dorsal bag develieed, especially upward, the laterals often muricate; beak facial, short; exocarp of mature fruits brownish or reddish; ‘eedtoaes with keels strongly devel- oped, dorsal often .5 mm. wide, the laterals strongly muricate, beak linear, erect, up to 1 mm. long, loop solid; apex of seed pointing a little above the basal end.—A va ariable species char- acterized by floating leaves cuneate at base, narrowly lanceolate submersed leaves tapering gradually to each end, and reddish fruits with strongly developed, often muricate, eels. nodosus Poiret in Lamarck, Ene. Meth. Bot., Suppl. 4: 535 (1816). Hagstr. Crit. Res. Pot. 183 (1916). P. ey C.& S., Linnaea 2: 226 (1827); Benn., Journ. Bot. 31: 297 (1893); Taylor, N. Am. Fi, 7: pt. 3:19 (1909). ae s eidoatibie Sieber 124 Rhodora [APRIL ex C. & S., Linnaea 2: 224 (1827); Taylor, N. Am. FI. 17: pt. 1: 20 (1909). ?P. montanus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 85 (1835). P. natans var. fluitans sensu Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 244 (1848). P. lonchites sensu Tuckerm., Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 7: 350 (1849), and subsequent Am. authors, not Tuckerm., ibid. ser. 2: 6: 226 (1848). P. lucens var. ? fluitans (Roth) Gray, Man. ed. 2: 435 (1856), in part. ?P. plantagineus var. jamaicensis Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 506 (1861). ?P. mexicanus Benn., Journ. : 25: 289 (1887); ? Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 22 (1893); ? Raunk., Bot. Tidskr. 25: 266 (1903); ? Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 57 (1907); ? Taylor, N. Am. FI. 17: pt. 1: 18 (1909). P. lonchites var. novaeboracensis Morong, Mem. Torr. lub 3: no. 2: 20 (1893). P. americanus var. novaeboracensis (Morong) Benn., Journ. Bot. 31: 297 (1893). P. pennsylvanicus — var. portoricensis Graebn. in Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 73 (1903), at least in part. P. Nuttallit var. portoricensis Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 56 (1907), at least in part. P. fluitans subsp. americanus (C. & S.) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 60 (1907). P. fluitans subsp. americanus proles novae- boracensis (Morong) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 1! 62 (1907). ?P. coloratus var. jamaicensis (Griseb.) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 69 (1907). ?P. insulanus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 154 (1916). P. rotundatus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 153 (1916). P. fluitans sensu Am. authors, ? not Roth, — Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 72 (1788). Spirillus lonchites (Tuckerm.) Nieuwl., Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 16 (1913). i A widespread species of ponds and streams, generally in flowing water, southern Quebec and New Brunswick to southern British Columbia, south to Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, and California. Map7. Mexico and the West Indies, South America (rare), Eurasia, Africa. The following, selected from a large series, are representative: QueBEc: St. Lawrence River, 5t- Jean-Port-Joli, L’Islet Co., Svenson & Fassett 934; Saint-Lam- bert de Lauzon, Levis Co., Victorin, Rolland & Meilleur 43858; — Sainte-Rose, Laval Co., Victorin & Rolland 43565 & 49304, also — St. Cyr 3030; Longueuil, Chambly Co., Rolland 43359; Angers, — Ottawa R., Rolland 19269; Wakefield, John Macoun 62015 & 62016; Sainte-Sulpice, L’Assomption Co., Ricard & Boivin 342. — New Brunswick: St. John R., Lincoln, Sunbury Co., Fassett 2149. Maine: Houlton, Aroostook Co., Aug. 26, 1897, Fernald; Pushaw Stream, Old Town, Penobscot Co., Ogden, Steinmetz & Prince 1596, also Steinmetz 326. Androscoggin R., Gilead, OX ford Co., Oct. 1, 1897, Furbish; Sydney, Kennebec Co., Fernald — & Long 12389; St. George R. near Indian Garden, Warren, Knox — o., Aug. 15, 1913, Norton. New Hampsnire: Connecticut — R., vicinity of Hanover, Grafton Co., Aug. 17, 1876, H. G. Jesup; Cornish, Sept. 2, 1886, F. H. Knowlton. Vermont: Ferrisburg . 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 125 and Vergennes, a collectors; Lake Champlain, Orwell, Addi- son Co., Cushman 6007; Hydeville, Rutland Co., July 21, 1892, Eggleston; Winooski R. Barngton, Aug. 25 & 27, 1885, Morong. MASSACHUSETTS: Concord, Aug. 12, 1887, E. S. Hoar; Mystic P., Oct. 1, 1865, herb. Wm. Boott; Winchester, Sept. 1, 1880, Aug. 8 and ‘Aug. 29, 1881, Morong (the latter mixed with P. ee X epihydrus in Gray Herb.); Connecticut R., Springfield, Sept. 6, 1864, Robbins; Hanon P., Sheffield, Ber kshire Co. , Aug. 12, 1914, R R. Hoffmann; Pauls Bridge, Neponset KK. Readville, May 30, 1881, herb. LE. & C. E. Faxon; Egremont, Standley & Killip 7649. Connecticut: New Hartford, Driggs 40; Twin Lakes Sta- tion, Salisbury, Litchfield Co., Aug. '20, 1935, Fernald & Ogden; L Whitney, New Haven, Sept. 24, 1886, W. A. Setchell; Housatonic R., Stratford, 1845, Ro bbins; Housatonic R., New- town, Fairfield Co., A. E. Blewitt 3657. New Yorx: N. Beaver Creek, Haynes Hill, W. Fort Ann, Washington Co., Aug. 26, 1914, Burnham; Guildenland, Albany Co., House 21774 & 22044; Ellisburg, Jefferson Co., ’ House 19852 & 20002; Ithaca, Tompkins Co., R. Hitchcock 11167 & 11168; Lake Erie, Buffalo, Aug. 20 & 25, 1886, Morong; Niagara Rapids, E. Tuckerman (P. lonchites of Tuckerman’ s supplementary description, but not of original description); pool near White Creek, DeKalb Co., Phelps 1091; Grass R.., Canto on, Phelps 1665; Raquette ae above Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., Muenscher & Clausen 3751 & 8752; Float Bridge, Rochester, Baxter 5889; Chemung R., Chemung Co., Lucy 424 & 10816. New Jersey: Oldmans- Creek, 1.5 mi. n. n. e. of Eldridges Hill, Salem Co., Fogg 6794. PENNSYLVANIA: Harrisburg, Sept. 1893, John K. ‘Small; Penn’s Creek at the “Swinging Bridge,” Selinsgrove, Snyder Co., Moldenke 4208; Sellersville, 1868, C. D. Fretz; vicinity of Soe Ferry, York Co., Rose & Painter 8205; Chester Co., July 1858-1864, S. P. Sharples 303. DELAWARE: Shelpot Creek, Wilmington, June = 1879, A. Commons; Brandywine, Wilmingto on, — 17, 1896, Commons; White Clay Creek, Stanton, Sept. 4 1896, A, Conn mons. MARYLAND: Chicomuxen Creek, Tidestrom 7637; Mill Creek, Chesapeake Bay region, Shull 95; Cabin John, Montgomery Co., Painter 1189, also Dowell & Painter 5385; Chesapeake Canal above Cabin John, near Lock 13, Leonard & Killip 603; Spesutie Island, Harford Co., Moldenke 9396; Great Falls, House 617. District OF CoLuMBIA: Arlington Junction, Sept. 28, 1897, E. S. Steele; C. & O. Canal above Georgetown, Aug. 9, 1897, T. H. Kearney; Georgetown, Van Eseltine Moseley 202; Fish are Shull 39. West Virarnta: Cacapon ardy Co. , Aug. 13, 1930, W. V. U. Bot. Exped.; Tygart R., Boas Randolph Co., Millspaugh 457. VIRGINIA: Four-Mile Run, Chesapeake Bay region, Shull 474; near Leedstown, Trde- strom 7741; Potomac R., The Dyke, Tidestrom 7183; Dyke, 126 Rhodora [APRIL Fairfax Co., Metcalf & Sperry 1622 & 1630 Hunting Creek, McAtee 2374. Ontario: Rideau R., at Billings Bridge, Ottawa, Malte 11 ie oe m Galetta, Carleton Co., Ogden & Bolan 1629 & - Chatham, Cain 935; Nation R. , Casselman, Aug. 21, 1884, ste Macoun, also Malte 118275; Nation R., Russel, Macoun 221 iss Maitland R., Goderich, Macoun 26839; Golden L., Renfrew Co., Macoun 221 7, Dunnville, John Ma- coun 26841; near Lake Muskoka, Aug. 29, 1899, D. LeRoy T op- ping; L’Original, Rouleau 304. Micuican: Kalamazoo R., Alle- gan Co., he 86, 87a, 87b, 87c, 88, 98 & 123; Grand Rapids, July 21, 1895, W. E. Mu liken; Vandercooks L., Jackson Co., July 21, 1898, ex herb. S. H & D. R. Camp; Pine L., Aug. 20, 1892, C.F. Wheeler; Gun H. Barry Co., July 1926, Oosting; Freemont L., Newaygo Co., July 9, 1926, Oosting; Black L., Ottawa Co. , Aug. 27, 1926, Oosting; Huron R., 31% mi. s. e. of Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co., Hermann 9383. Outo: Brady L., Portage Co., July 29, 1913, Red Webb; Put-in-Bay, Aug. 1898, ow, Pieters; Presque Isle Point, Sandusky Bay, Aug. 19 & 29, 189 5, E. L. Moseley; Buckeye Creek, Liberty Twp., Jackson Co. Pontius & Bartle ey 18. InpIANA: Walnut Creek, 2 mi. n. e. Oba Bainbridge, Putnam Co., E. J. Grimes 594; Aberdeen, Ohio Co., Deam 56783; Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell 32; Tippecanoe Ruy mi. n. and 1 mi. e. of Winemac, Pulaski Co., Welch 2106; Calu- + met R., Clarke, Lansing 1059; n. of Spencer, Owen Co., Deam 38978; mouth of John’s Creek, Wells Co., July 2, 1905, ’ Deam. KENTUCKY: 3 mi. s. of Richmond, Madison Co., Svenson 7216; = eer R., June—July, Dr. Short; Ohio R.., Louisville, Sept. 16, 4, C. Mohr. TENNESSEE: n. fork of Holston R., near Kings- port, Hawkins Co., Sharp & Underwood 33521; Reelfoot L., Lake o., Demaree 7061 & 7182. ALABAMA: Mobile R. near Piute — Island, May 28 & July, 1884, Chas. Mohr; East L., near Birm- — ingham, Jefferson Co., Biltmore Herb. 5806. | WISCONSIN: between Duck Creek R. and Bars Channel, Green Bay, July 28, 1891, Schuette; Wisconsin R., near Newport, Delton, Sauk Co., — Aug. 26, 1906, A. B. Stout; Pickerel Slough, Prairie du Chien, — Crawford Co., Fassett 43650; Lake Mendota, Middleton, Dane — Co., Fassett t 3148; near Tomahawk, Cheney 1086. ILLINOIS: — Calumet L., Chicago, Chase 1420; Wolf L., Chicago, June 10, — 1911, Sherff: Du Page R., Naperville, June 22, 1895, L. M. Um — bach; Ogden Ditch, Summit, Hill 169, 1909; Lyons Twp. Cook Co., Hill 151, 1901; Fox R., Richland Co., Ridgway 3318; Lake Lawrence,’ Lawrence, Ridgway & Eaton 34265; Swan L., — near Grafton, Calhoun Co., Metcalf 1105; Oquawka, 1879, H. N. Patterson. Minnesota: Wabana L., Itasca Co., Metca alf 1471, also Kubichek 148 & 149; Borden L., Lic tsheons Twp. ., Crow = Wing Co., Hotchkiss & Jones 480 & 4109; Ft. Snelling, June — 1895, E. P. Sheldon, also Mearns 805; Minn. R. bottoms, Dakot? — 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 127 Ch PBI te ap “9: é / ae as } a = ~49 Zab, i ~e ayy 7s ae G RANGES OF PoTAMOGETON ° ° . / “SS { = : —s bet 4 % 8 awe farJ ~ \ o/ ik + \ 7 ar, f \ / LS Boa? & {> » AP pe ~ 7 . \ / > . % / i | an Mie i ~ / }*~.. IPR A PRA 128 Rhodora [APRIL Co., June 1895, EZ. P. Sheldon; Green L., Kandiyohi Co., Met- calf 2046; Mazaska L., Rice Co., Keck & Stilwill 401; Courtland, Nicollet Co.. July 1892, C. A. Ballard. Iowa: Fayette, July 1893, B. Fink; Estherville, Aug. 7, 1897, R. I. Cratty; Granite, Lyon Co., Aug. 4, 1896, B. Shimek; Des Moines R., July 1881, R. I. Cratty. Missouri: along Current R., near Doniphan, Rip- ley Co., Steyermark 9233, 14257 & 14259; Gasconade R.., s. e. of Hazel Green, Pulaski Co., Steyermark 25102 & 25103; n. w. of Waynesville, Pulaski Co., Steyermark 25249; Gasconade R., n. e. of Vienna, Maries Co., Steyermark 25603; Buffalo Creek, s. e. of Louisiana, Pike Co., Steyermark 25876; Sect. 6, w. of Lynchburg, Laclede Co., Steyermark 27148; Osage R., Mary’s Home, Miller Co., Steyermark 13083 & 13097; Iron Mountain L., Metcalf 842; Killarney L., East Arcadia, Metcalf 845; Ice P., Unionville, Metcalf 1071; Duck L., Platte Co., Metcalf 1024; Goose P., Springfield, Standley 9780; Gascondy. Emig 224; e. of Ashland, oone Co., Drouet 3028; n. w. of Joplin, Jasper Co., Palmer 21526; Meramec, Sept. 2, 1886, Eggert; Meramec R., St. Louis Co., Sept. 12, 1886, Eggert; Atherton, Jackson Co., Bush 630; Sheffield, Jackson Co., Aug. 4, 1896, Mackenzie; White R., Forsythe, Taney Co., Trelease 817. ArxKansas: Big L., Horners- ville, Metcalf 636; Saline R., Ozment Bluff, Drew Co., Demaree 17893. Soutu Daxora: Sioux R., near Brookings, Sept. 1, 1893, T. A. Williams; Medicine Creek, near Canning, Aug. 16, 1892, T. A. Williams 1; s. of St. Pierre, Stanley Co., Over 17432. Nesraska: Niobrara R., southwest of Valentine, Tolstead 637; Middle Loup R., near Norway, Thomas Co., Rydberg 1421; Anselmo, July 6, 1889, Weber 6; Lake Manawa, near Omaha, Lawton 50. Kansas: Topeka, Aug. 1870, E. Hall. OKLAHOMA: near Cache, Comanche Co., Stevens 1864 (G, US, mixed with P. amplifolius, NY, not mixed); Sapulpa, Bush 1207. TExas: Comanche Spring, New Braunfels, Lindheimer 1234; Little Aguja Canyon, Jeff Davis Co., Moore & Steyermark 3077; Haley Ranch, Brewster, Cory 9198; Victoria, Lindheimer 393; Lake Polk, near Temple, Bell Co., Wolff 3290; Dallas, June 25, 1929, Mary R. Stephenson; Lubbock, Reed 3168; Nueces R., Uvalde, Uvalde Co., Palmer 33707; Houston, Harris Co., Palmer 11952; Syca more Creek, Fort Worth, Ruth 141. Montana: Great Falls, 2 S. Williams 285. Ipano: Payette, Henderson 4882. WyYoMING: Ft. Steele, Carbon Co., Goodding 539. Cotorapo: Lee’s L- Crandall 2530; Alamosa, Clements 305; Rio Grande, Alamosa Shear 3745; Owen’s L., Boulder, Daniels 683; Gunnison R» — Grand Junction, Mesa Co., Biltmore Herb. 5806%. Utau: Hills — Park, Salt Lake City, June 29, 1908, Mrs. J. Clemens; Hill — Creek, Uinta Basin, Uinta Co., Graham 9821; near Goshen’s fixed sand-dunes, Utah Co., Garrett 3958; Corinne, Wetmore 395. — Nevapa: Hot Creek, near Gold Creek, Elko Co., P. B. Kennedy — 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 129 4476; Glendale, Truckee valley, Washoe Co., P. B. Kennedy 8041; Sparks, near Reno, A. E. Hitchcock 444; North Fork, A. E. Hitchcock 1034; Wadsworth, Tidestrom 10655. New Mexico: Santa Fe, Fendler 837; San Jose, near Santa Fe, Arséne & Bene- dict 16636; Albuquerque, Oct. 13, 1894, C. L. Herrick. Arizona: Camp Verde, W. W. Jones 432; Lower Oak Creek, Fulton 9703; Granite Reef Dam, Maricopa Co., Peebles 14190; Pinal Creek, Toumey 496; Beaver Creek, M acDougal 548. CALIFORNIA: Pit R., at Lookout, Modoc Co., Aug. 24, 1899, M. S. Baker; Big R.., Mendocino Co. Hy McMurphy id: Russian th Oe Cloverdule! Mendocino Co., Heller 5824; Mormon Creek, Tuo- lumne Co., Williamson 309; Santa Cruz, M. E. Jones 2310; Visalia, Tulare Co. v5 Coville & Funston 1278; Bakersfield, Kern Co., Coville & Funston 1244; Laguna Lakes, ee Co., Street & Williams, 2689; Colton, San Bernardino Co., Parish 2106 & 2128; Deep Creek, San Bernardino Mts., jie Bernardino CO: d. C. Wheeler 1974. WASHINGTON: Okanog n R., Sereno Watson 898. British CotumsBia: Kamloops, ese 26, 1889, John Macoun 2970. P. fluitans of European authors consists of two quite inde- pendent plants: one a fruiting plant with an endodermis of O-cells and no bundles in the cortex; this occurs in North Ameri- ca. The other is a sterile plant with an endodermis of U-cells and with numerous bundles in the cortex; this plant is thought to be a hybrid, P. lucens X P. natans. Roth’s original description, P. foliis inferioribus longissimis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, membrana- ceis; superioribus ouali-lanceolatis, coriaceis: omnibus petiolatis. Habitat in fossis oe fundis lente fluentibus et in Hunte fluuio Du- catus Oldenburgensis would include both odes The fact that no fruits are described does not at all mean that Roth’s plant lacked them, for at that time vegetative characters were given prominence and the fruits often ignored. Of the thirteen species of Potamogeton described in Roth’s flora where fluitans is proposed as new, not one of them has any mention of fruit. Even if Roth’s specimens lacked fruit, it does not follow that they were the non-fruiting entity with bundles in the cortex. Bennett thought the name fluitans ought to be kept for the hybrid, saying, ‘‘We have no certain knowledge of any specimen of Roth’s species being preserved in any herbarium; but there are at Munich specimens in Schreber’s herbarium, named as such and gathered ‘In Seebach, 1775,’ and others, ‘In Seebach, 1782.’ It seems to me a reason- 130 Rhodora [APRIL able inference that these specimens are from (or seen by) Roth; the more so because there are other species in the same collection — actually received from Roth, and signed by him. They are the plant we call fluitans in England (hybrid?)”!. Later he adds, “The following extract from Roth’s Catalecta Botanica (fase. 1, p. 31, 1797) will show that Schreber’s specimens in the Munich Herbarium are, as I supposed, the plant of Roth: Ai ‘Prope Erlangam etiam sued te Ill. Praes. de Schreber’ 2, To this Raunkiaer answers, ‘‘that because a herbarium contains plants actually from Roth it can not be necessary that other plants in the same herbarium should be from him. The speci- mens from the Munich herbarium mentioned have been exam- ined by me and that they belong to the barren form of P. fluitans is true enough but they can not in the least be considered original specimens.’? He then attempts to show that in the Bremen herbarium there is a specimen which has a good chance of being the original; and it is the plant with O-endodermis and lacking bundles in the cortex. He also states that in the “‘ Petersburg herbarium and examined by me . . . three specimens += may well be original specimens.”4 As these specimens also — proved to be the fertile plant he concludes that we should retain = the name P. fluitans for the fertile species which lacks strengthen- _ ing tissue in the cortex. Hagstrom agrees that “This proof would be very strong, if those specimens examined also really — corresponded with the original description by Roth ‘foliis inferioribus longissimis’ . . . which they can scarcely be — said to do.”®> From Roth’s later and more detailed description’ — it does appear that he then was at least including the barren form _ with his P. fluitans. Also, it would seem,if Roth had in mind the — specimens in the Bremen and Petersburg herbaria when drawing — up his original description, that he would have mentioned them in his Catalecta Botanica, as he does mention the Schrebet q specimens. It thus appears that the evidence that P. fluitans — should be retained for the fruiting plant is not strong, and I am Pel aged Bennett, Journ. Bot. 31: 296 Shes ——__—___—, Journ. Bot. 39: 198 (190 ‘e. Raunkiaer, Bot. Tidskr. 25: 278 ian ——_—_—_——, Bot. Tidskr. 25: 278 (1$03). an ag Hagntrtien, Crit. Res. Pot. 184 (1916). 6 A. G. Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 202 (1789). 1943) Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 131 inclined to agree with Hagstrém in treating it as a nomen con- fusum. Hagstrém takes up for this plant P. nodosus Poiret. P. nodosus Poiret is based on a plant from the Canary Islands, collected by Broussonet. This specimen should be in the Paris Museum. A photograph of it was, some years ago, requested by the Gray Herbarium but not received. The original description agrees with the specimens here placed under that name, but is not conclusive. Until it can be shown that the Canary Island plant is not the wide-ranging species correlated with it, it is best to retain Poiret’s name, as taken up by Hagstrém, for the American plant. The species in North America is a rather variable one. The floating leaves especially vary greatly in size. Morong’s var. novaeboracensis (of P. lonchites) covers the large-leaved form, which in America is less frequent than the narrow-leaved form. In Europe the broad-leaved plants are the more common. Which form is represented by the Broussonet specimen I am at present unable to say, but at any rate this size-variation appears not to be worth nomenclatorial distinction. The robustness of the plant does not correlate with other variations and the inter- mediate forms are the most common. Even the fruits of this species show a diversity in the prominence of the keels, but this, too, does not correlate with other differences, and sometimes a marked variation is found on an individual plant. When typi- cally developed, the keels are strongly prominent; their lack of development is probably mostly due to a rapid maturation—a ripening before the endocarp is fully formed. Unkeeled fruits invariably have aborted embryos. From Missouri westward, this species tends to have smaller floating leaves of a more yellowish green than those typical of the east. Correlated with this is a smaller fruit with less strongly developed keels (P. rotundatus Hagstr.). However, the typical large green leaf is also common in the west, as well as all degrees of intermediate forms. Also, some specimens with small yellow- ish leaves may exhibit fruits as strongly keeled as those of the typical eastern plants. In 1848, Tuckerman described as P. lonchites a plant with “stem . . much branched, . . . Submersed leaves with 6-8 prominent nerves,” (making no mention of a 132 Rhodora [APRIL petiole) and ‘‘floating leaves delicate, . . . always more or less tapering above and waved above, . . ._ stipules shortish . . .. Nutlets small ... . obscurely tricasii ate.”’ He stated that it was “near to P. heterophyllus of authors, (P. gramineus, Fr., Koch.).’! The following year he remarked further on his P. lonchites and spoke of ‘‘a remarkable state of this species . . . In this the stem is simple . . . an the . . leaves are either all coriaceous and floating, or only the haere submembranaceous, . . . the whole habit of which accords, often strikingly with that of P. fluitans; but its strongly marked fruit at once refers it to the present species. The published description of the fruit of this species was from imma- ture nutlets. The following is taken from perfectly ripe ones The lateral keels are conspicuous when dry The exocarp being removed, the back appears acutely carina and a little alate, especially above.’? It is quite evident from 4 comparison of the two descriptions and an examination of speci- mens labeled ‘ P. lonchites’”” by Tuckerman that he was dealing with two separate and distinct species. Plants in the Gray Herbarium which, though not fruiting, otherwise fit his original description perfectly and are labelled ‘‘ Potamog. lonchites”’ in Tuckerman’s hand, have no close relationship to the plants associated with that name by Robbins, Morong and, following them, some other American authors, but are flowing-water forms of P. gramineus var. maximus. Tuckerman’s supplement ary description was based on P. nodosus, which he mistook to be a state of his P. lonchites, as a specimen in the Gray Herbarium clearly shows. P. rotundatus was based by Hagstrém on four specimens: one each from Nebraska, California, New Mexico and Mexico. Although referring it to the subsection Amplifolii, he states: “I have scarcely met with a species corresponding so nearly t0 P. nodosus as regards the stem-anatomy as this. It differs by the smooth leaf margin, the long lower petioles, the prasinous leaf-colour, the ligules, the styles, and chiefly by the character- istic fruits.’’? In the Gray Herbarium are specimens from three — of the collections cited. All lack true submersed leaves. The — ' Edward Tuckerman, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 6: 226 (1848). * Edward Tuckerman, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 7: 351 (1849). * J. O. Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. 154 (1916). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 133 Nebraska plant (Rydberg, no. 1421) has no fruit; the specimen from New Mexico (Fendler, year 1847) has fruit which is definite- ly keeled. The Mexican collection (Pringle, no. 1390) alone has the fruits as described by Hagstrém. That they lack keels is true enough, but that they are quite immature is also evident. Numerous specimens of P. nodosus show immature spikes the fruits of which vary greatly in the development of keels. As to the leaf-margin, the denticles on the submersed leaves of P. nodosus are so extremely fugacious that they are seldom found in any but the youngest leaves. Young leaves of plants approach- ing the appearance of P. rotundatus have denticles as freely as those of typical P. nodosus. The stipules (“‘ligules’’) of typical P. nodosus are often scarcely if at all keeled, so that the lack of keels on those of P. rotundatus is not sufficient for its separation. The species proposed by Hagstrém as P. insulanus is based on a single specimen from Puerto Rico: Sintensis, no. 2537; in the herbarium at Stockholm. Originally identified as P. pensyl- vanicus Willd. (P. epihydrus Raf.) by Bennett, this collection (at least the specimen in the Berlin herbarium) became, with Sintensis, no. 1025, the type material upon which P. Nuttalliz var. portoricensis Graebner was based. Hagstrém refers Sinten- sis, no. 1025 to P. nodosus, though saying, ‘dubious probably . . . whatI call P. insulanus.” The two sanabenis before me show clearly that neither has any affinity to P. epihy- drus (P. pensylvanicus or P. Nuttallii), as has already been point- ed out by Fernald.!. The number 1025 is rather definitely P. nodosus. The number 2537 in the Gray Herbarium is sterile and with small abnormally developed submersed leaves. It appears to be either an ecological form of P. nodosus or possibly a hybrid between P. nodosus and some member of the subsection Lucentes. Just what P. mexicanus Ar. Benn. is cannot be definitely determined. Bennett’s description agrees rather well with P.. nodosus, except: “Fruit 3/16 in. long by 1/4 in. broad.” How- ever, fruits seen by Morong were described by him as being “2 lines long, 114 lines wide,’? less than half as wide, so it can be concluded that Bennett’s ‘(1/4 in.” is in error. Graebner, who evidently found it convenient to compute his measurements from 1M. L. Fernald, Mem, Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 17: pt. 1: 119 (1932). ? Thomas Morong, Mem. Torr, Club 3: no. 2: 23 (1893). 134 Rhodora [APRIL Bennett’s description, gives “‘5 mm longi et 6 mm lati.’’! Speci- mens in the Gray Herbarium and cited by Graebner are sterile, but referable to P. nodosus. : P. occidentalis, described by Chamisso and Schlechtendal and credited to Sieber, appears, from the description and excellent illustration of the fruit, to be typical P. nodosus. Just what P. plantagineus var. jamaicensis Grisebach repre- sents is not determined. From the description and judging from the plants found in Jamaica, it appears to be P. nodosus. Further study is needed on the subsection Nodosi of Central America and the West Indies. 7. P. NaTANs Linnaeus Ruizomes white with reddish spots when fresh, buff with dark red spots when dry (these spots often with lighter centers). SreM simple or rarely branched, terete, .8-2 mm. in diameter, with transverse ridges (these also on the rhizome and submersed leaves); stele with the trio-type pattern, the phloem on the inner — face of the trio bundle appearing as 2 distinct patches; endoder- mis well developed, of U-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal — bundles present; pseudo-hypodermis 1 cell thick. SuBMERSED LEAVES coriaceous, semi-terete, narrowly linear (excluding a transition leaves), no differentiation between blade and petiole, tapering at the apex to an obtuse tip, 10-20 cm. long, .8-2 mm. with about one-third of them prominent; lacunae none or ob- ? scure. STiPULES of submersed leaves clasping the stem, whitish, — fibrous, persistent, linear to lanceolate, cucullate at apex in the cia a aie bud, splitting on maturity and becoming raggedly obtuse, OF twisting and becoming acutish, 4.5-9 (-11) em. long, about mm. wide at base, with 2 well-developed keels and many fine — nerves; those of the floating leaves similar but usually broader (up to 12 mm. wide at base). Prpuncuxs as thick as or slightly thicker than the stem, 3-8 cm. long. Sprxxs in anthesis com- pact, with 8-14 whorls; in fruit 3-5 em. long, .9—1.2 em. thick. FLOWERS sessile or nearly so; sepaloid connectives greenish, — ! P. Graebner, in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 57 (1907). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 135 what prominent if dried before fully mature; beak short and broad; exocarp sack-like, wrinkled, bright orange drying to buff (greenish when immature) ; endocarp more or less pitted on each side, and with 2 longitudinal sinuses on the back forming 3 rounded keels, beak linear, about 1 mm. long, loop solid; apex of seed pointing toward the basal end. Plants mostly with strongly developed cordate floating cathe and with the narrowly linear submersed leaves i P. natans L., Sp. Pl. 1 126 (i759); Saree eae Torr. Club, 13: 145 (1886), Mem. Torr. Club 3 13 (1893); Graebn. in En gle ee Space 4: fam. 11: 42 (1907): reste N. Am. Fi. 17: pt. 1:16 (1909); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 191 (1916). P. natans var. Pat Hi sensu Am. authors; an Koch? A common species of lakes and. streams, Newfoundland, south to Pennsylvania, west to California, and north to southern Alaska. Map 8. Eurasia. The following, selected from a large series of specimens are representative: NEWFOUNDLAND: Bishop Falls, Valley of Exploits R., Fernald, Wiegand & Darlington 4461; Highlands P., Crabbes, Kennedy 80; 4 miles northeast of Port a Port, Mackenzie & Griscom 10043. QuesBec: Mingan Islands, Saguenay Co., St. John 90081; Maria, Bonaventure Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 383316; marly pond, Grand R.., Gaspé Co., Collins, Fernald & Pease 52965; ed Pore-Epic, Saint-Fabien, Rousseau 30003; Black L., Megan e Co., Fernald & Jackson 11986; LacTremblant, Labelle Co., "Viclorin & sep ete 44070; Lake Memphremagog, Sargent’s Bay, Aug. R. Churchill; Ile Verte, Longueuil, Chambly om ‘Ralland 43363; McGregor L., John Macoun 855380; North Wakefield, J. M. Macoun 4358. MaAGDALEN ISLANDS: between E. Cape & E. Point, Coffin Island, Fernald, Long, & St. John 6763. Dance EDWARD IsLAND: east of Britain P., Kings Co., Fernald & St. John 10894. Nova Scorta: Pottle’s L., North Sydney, Cape Breton Co., Bissell & Linder, cit west. of Ingonish, Cape Breton Island, Nichols 749; Salm n R., Truro, Colchester Co., Bean & White 19675; Middleton, rppmoer tos Co., Fernald & Pease 19676; Wentworth i; Digby Co., Fernald & ’ Long 23130; St. John (Wilso on’s) L., Yarmouth Co., Fernald, Bartram & Long 23129; Charcoal, valley of the East R., St. John 1372. MAINE: Portage Li; Aroostook Co., 1881, Kate Furbish; Great Works Stream, Clifton, Penobscot ve Fernald 2756; Foxcroft, Pisca- taquis Co., Fernald 475; Bak “a T 7 R 17, Somerset Co. GSE John & Nichols 2106; Swan "P., Oxford Co., July: 1892, J. C. Parlin; Torrey P., — r Isle, Hanco k Co., "A. F. Hill '2560a; Stevens P., Liberty, Waldo Co., Seanibiieh 60; Black Duck P., Matinicus, Knox Co, July 13, 1919, C. A. B. Long; Sydney, Kennebec Co., Fer nald & Long 12881; n. of Perley P., Sebago, Cumberland Co., Fernald, Long & N orton 1 2382; Wells, York Co. 136 Rhodora [APRIL July 1881, J. Blake. New Hampsuire: Cherry P., Jefferson, Coés Co., Pease 20073; Long (Stacy) P., Washington, Sullivan Co., Fernald & Svenson 745; Frost P., Jaffrey, Cheshire Co., B. L. Robinson 494; Derry, Rockingham Co., Aug. 3, 1926, C. F. Batchelder; West Lebanon, Sept. 7, 1891, G. G. Kennedy; Bellamy R., Madbury, Strafford Co., Hodgdon 2640. VERMONT: Pelot’s Bay, Lake Champlain, North Hero, Grand Isle Co., Aug. 2, 1899, Nellie Flynn; West Barnet, Caledonia Co., Aug. 20, 1884, F. Blanchard; Lowell L., Londonderry, Windham Co., L. A. Wheeler; Dead Creek, Ferrisburg, Aug. 15, 1881, EZ. Faxon. MassacuusetTts: Long P., Tewksbury, Middlesex Co., Aug. 24, 1865, herb. Boott, also L. B. Smith 632; Lower P., Wakefield, Middlesex Co., Collins 937; Plymouth, Plymouth Co., Aug. 26, 1913, S. N. F. Sanford; Eastham, Barnstable Co., Collins 3171; Sutton, Worcester Co., Anderson, Smith & Weatherby 1166; Robinson Creek, Pembroke, Fernald & Svenson, Gray Exsic. 409} Lake Buel, New Marlboro, Berkshire Co., July 20, 1920, J. RB. Churchill. Ruopr Isuanp: Providence, July 1866, G. Thurber. Connecticut: Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield Co., Hames & Godfrey 8679; Dog P., Goshen, Litchfield, Aug. 24, 1913, Bissell & Weatherby; Farmington R., Hartland, Hartford Co., Ogden & Bolan 1565; Long P., Thompson, Windham Co., Weatherby 4364; Mahoney Meadow, Franklin, New London Co., July 27, 1908, Rk. W. Woodward. New York: Pierrepont P., Woodville, — Jefferson Co., House 16979; Lake Canandaigua, Woodville, Aug. — 19, 1884, Morong; Spencer L., Spencer, Tioga Co., FE. Moore — 1488; Tioughneoga R., Riverside Park, Cortland Co., EF. L. — Palmer 37; Carpenters P., Fabius, Onondaga Co., House 1338; — Sodus Bay, Wayne Co., Killip 6204 & 12258. New JERSEY: — Black R., Chester, Morris Co., Mackenzie 4377; Swartswood L., — Sussex Co., Griscom & Mackenzie 10685. ONTARIO: Ko-Ko-Ko _ Heh L. Timagami, Cain 1045; Franks Bay, Lake Nipissing, — 1926, Oosting. Onto: Buckeye L., e. of Columbus, Morris A4li — Put-in-Bay, Aug. 1898, A. J. Pieters. InpIANA: Wolf L., Agnes 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 137 Chase 1459; Wolf L., Lake Co., Lansing 4274; Bear L., Noble Co., Deam 493891; Cheeseborough ie Flint, Steuben Co., Deam 49360: Lake Maxinkuckee, Evermann. 1032 (US ), also Scovell & Clark 1032 (271), under direction of Evermann (F), also Scovell 26 (US, mixed with P. amplifolius). Wisconsin: Elkhart L., Aug. oa 1887 and Aug. 4, 1892, F. H. Schuette; Pell L., Bloomfield Tw Walworth Co., H otchkiss & Koehler 4193; Lauderdale, Bebb 996 & 1008; Valley of the Wisconsin R., near Rainbow Rapids, Cheney 1420. Inurnots: Lake Villa, Lake Co., Gleason & Shobe 179; Grass L., Lake Co., Gates 1752.2; Cedar L., 50 mi. n. of Chicago, Roush 812; Ringwood, Geo. Vas asey. Minnesota: Lake Itasca, Clearwater Co., Grant & Oosting 3203; Cass L., Pammel 100; Minnesota R., Dakota Co., June 1895, E. P. Sheldon; doses Crab L., St. Louis Co., Sept. 3, 1919, Butters; Green L., City, Metcalf 12965; Swan L., Nicollet Co., "Metcalf 50; Schultz , Kandiyohi Co. , Metcalf 2113; Koronis L., Stearns Co., Metcalf 1388, also Kubichek 115b (US, mixed with P. amplifolius) : Little Pine L. , Aitkin Co., Over 17139; Lizzie L., Ottertail Co., Kubichek 190; Bear dss Freeborn Co., Shunk & Manni ing 83; German dis, Le Sueur Co., Shunk & Man ning 225; Lake Charlotte, Wright Co., Linsdale & Keck 127; Silver L., Mille Lacs Co., Aug. 1892, E. P. Sheldon. Iowa: Spirit is, Dickinson Co., July 31, 1896, B. Shimek, also July 29, 1897, R. T. Cratty; Round je Lake Tw wp., Clay Co., Hayden 823. Nort Daxora: Upsilon L., Turtle Mts., St. John, Rolette Co., Mabbott 459; Metigoshe L., Turtle Mts., Bottineau Co., Mete tcalf 544. NesBrRASKA: Hann ah’s L., Cherry Co., Smith & Pound 228; Hackberry L., Cherry Co., July 0, 1912, Pool & Folsom, also Tolstead 638; Niobrara Game Reserve, near Valentine, Tolstead 428; Swan ae Grant Co., Rydberg 1 652: Shafer L., Garden Co., Uhler & Martin 1660; South Cody L., Ray Thomson Bee. ALBERTA: n. of Lake Louise, Rocky Mts., Macoun 68425 (C). Montana: Lake McDowell, Glacier Nat'l Park, Maguire & Piranian 5439; Avalanche L., Glacier Nat'l Park, Standley 18500; Rost L., Big Fork, Whitfor d 254, also M acDougal 676; Whitefish L., ‘Aug. 24, 1892, R. S. Williams. Ipano: Lake Pend Oreille, near Hope, Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller 939; Lake Pend Oreille, Aug. 1891, J. B. Leiberg; valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai Co., Sandberg, MacDougal & Heller 697; Paradise Creek, Moscow, Henderson 271 7; Priest L., Piper 3765, also MacDougal 240; Potlatch R., Nez Perce Co., St. John et al. 9740; Warm L., 25 mi. n. e. of Cascade, Valley Co., Rollins & Chambers 2590; Fernan L., Coeur d’Alene, Rust $85. Wro- MING: Jackson’s Hole, Lincoln. Co., E. B. & Lois B. Payson 2251; Grand EDcaePnen ioe Nelson 4145. CoLorapo: Laramie r Co., Aug. 4, 1891, C. S. Crandall (NY); ahi Butte, lak 1891, Cal. Acad. Sci. Herb. (S). Uran Sereno Watson 1131 (G, see also next citation). av att Ruby 138 Rhodora [APRIL L., Sereno Watson 1131 (G, NY, US, see also previous citation). New Mexico: Long L., Chusca Mts., San Juan Co., A. Wetmore 541 (US). Arizona: Marsh L., White Mts., Goldman 2458 (US); Walker L., San Francisco Mts., Knowlton 288 (US). CALIFOR- ntA: Fletcher Creek at Pease-Place, Devil’s Garden, Modoc Co., L. C. Wheeler 3973; near Lassen Buttes, Plumas Co., H. E. Brown 644; Upper Mud L., Coal Mine Ridge, San Mateo Co., R. S. Ferris 2043; Mather, Tuolumne Co., Keck 1188; Lakeside, Eldorado Co., June, July 1912, H. D. Geis; Lily L., near Fallen Leaf, Lake Tahoe ‘region, Eldorado Co., Wiggins 6757, 6777 & Lamb 1259; Nooksack R., Lummin Indian Reservation, What-_ com Co., Muenscher 7643; Seattle, Piper 758. British CoLUM- BIA: Revelstoke, John Macoun 3019; Colquitz R., near Victoria, — John Macoun 88248; San Juan L., Dist. of Renfrew, Rosendahl — 790; Chilliwack Valley, J. M. Macoun 26814; Griffin L., Macoun — 2971 (C, mixed with P. epihydrus v. Nuttallii), also Macown 3020. — Auaska: Prince of Wales Island, Klawak L., Mr. & Mrs. E. P. Walker 994; Ketchikan, Cowles 1405; Dundas Bay, J. P. Ander- son 1344; Sitka, J. P. Anderson 21, also Evans 781. P. natans is a familiar species over all the northern half of the — United States. Because of its wide range and tendency to fruit — freely it is one of the primary foods for wild water-fowl. Although the American plant seldom attains the robustness so typical of the European plant, there seem to be no characters fundamental enough to separate the two, even as varieties: The fruit of the American plant has a weaker endocarp-beak — than that of the European, a fact noted for the American P- — alpinus, but. unlike the case of that plant, the drying of the — mesocarp of P. natans does not cause any appreciable difference — in the shape of the fruits on the two hemispheres. The endocarP loop is invariably solid in the American plant and sometimes — shows a cavity in European specimens. : P. natans, like the other broad-leaved species, responds : markedly to ecological conditions. Many of these forms have — been given names. In fact, some of the names on the labels fot _ 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 139 the European plants make habitat-notes quite superfluous. When in quiet water, the floating leaf-blades become broad and definitely cordate; when in a current, the blades are narrower and rounded or cuneate at the base. Flowing water also causes an elongation of the internodes and a marked reduction in the production of inflorescences. An aquarium plant of P. natans, which grew from a seed in my laboratory, showed an interesting sequence of development. The first shoot produced only the linear submersed leaves; the second shoot produced some broad leaves, which were much narrower than normal and narrowly cuneate at base; the third shoot produced the typical broad floating leaves which were cordate at base. Then a number of shoots were sent up at about the same time, the floating leaf-blades of which, however, re- verted to the narrow type with cuneate bases. Finally, the branching rhizome sent up numerous shoots, all of which pro- duced submersed leaves only, or a few leaves with slightly dilated tips. Thus from one seed were produced forma submersus Gliick, var. prolixus Koch, and var. vulgaris Koch & Ziz (var. typicus). The aquarium was not so constructed that var. ter- restris S. F. Gray might appear. An interesting form of P. natans which grew in the tidal water of Robinson Creek, Pembroke, Massachusetts, has been observed on several occasions by Prof. Fernald, and as it appeared to re- main the same, was collected by Fernald and Svenson and dis- tributed from the Gray Herbarium. With its reduced floating leaf-blades, narrowly cuneate at base, on long petioles, and its production of winter buds (collected in October), this is obviously an ecological state. Mr. Weatherby kindly drove me to the locality, but so many changes, attendant on the building of a paved road and a new bridge, have so altered the locality as described by Prof. Fernald that no P. natans was found. In such a habitat, where the tidal water rises and lowers twice a day and perhaps at times becomes slightly brackish, no fresh- water species of Potamogeton can be expected to lead a normal life. That the floating leaves of this plant were submersed at times is evidenced by the non-functional and reduced number of stomates. Fryer’s remarks on ‘some beautiful seedling forms of P. 140 Rhodora [APRIL natans, with lanceolate, oval, and round floating leaves, sufficient to afford examples of several named ‘varieties’, but unfortunately all growing on one rootstock in the instance in which the ‘varieties’ were most marked!” are of interest here. American plants labeled ‘var. prolixus’’ include juvenile and elongated forms of P. natans and elongated forms of P. Oakesia- nus. They are always sterile. 8. P. OaxestaNnus Robbins Ruizomes whitish with red spots. Srem often branched, terete, .5-1 mm. in diameter; stele with the trio-type pattern, the phloem on the inner face of the trio-bundle appearing as 2 patches; endodermis well developed, of U-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal bundles present; pseudohypodermis absent or 1 cell thick. SuBMersepD Leaves delicate, narrowly linear, obtuse, 5-16 cm. long, (.25—) .3-1 mm. wide; nerves 3. FLOATING EAVES coriaceous, with long petioles .2-1 mm. thick; blades ovate-elliptical to oblong-elliptical, rounded or tapering at base, — obtuse, (1.5-) 2-4 (-5.5) em. long, 1-2 (-3) cm. wide; nerves — (7—) 9-19 (-23), about one-third of them prominent; lacunae none or obscure. StrputEes of the submersed leaves clasping the stem, whitish, delicately fibrous, persistent but beconsay 4 shreddy, linear, acutish when dry, about 1-3 cm. long; those of _ the floating leaves larger, 2-4 (—5.5) em. long, linear or narrowly triangular, strongly fibrous, 2-keeled, at least at base. PEDUN- cLEs thicker than the stem, .9-1.6 mm. in diameter, 2.5-6 cm. _ long. Sprkes with 3-8 whorls; in fruit 1-3.5 cm. long, .7-.9 cm. thick. FLowers sessile or nearly so; sepaloid connectives 1.3- _ 1.8 (-2.2) mm. wide; anthers about .8 mm. long. Fruits ob0- void, 2.5-3.5 (3.7) mm. long, (1.6) 2-2.4 mm. wide; lateral keels _ rounded, dorsal keel usually prominent and acutish; beak short — and broad; exocarp smooth or nearly so, greenish or rarely buff; endocarp with smooth sides, and with 2 rather deep sinuses 0D the back forming 3 obtuse keels, beak linear, about .8 mm. long, — loop solid; apex of seed pointing a little above the basal end. — Plants similar to P. natans but smaller. 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 141 Maine, south to New Jersey, west to central New York, and local in Michigan, Wisconsin, and western Ontario. Map 9 NEWFOUNDLAND: Quirpon Island, Straits of Belle Isle, ee Gilbert & Hotchkiss 27339; Grand Falls, Fernald, Wiegand & Darlington 4464 & 4465; Blomidon (BlowemedDown’: Mts.. Fernald & Wiegand 2436; Lookout Mt., Bonne Bay, Fernald, Long & Fogg 1208; McCleman’s P., Crabbes , R. B. Kennedy 543; Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar 26217. QUEBEC: Les Trois Lacs, Laurentides, Victorin, Rolland “a - — 33639; Riviére Noire, Portneuf Co., Rousseau 25814; Matamek R. Dist North Shore, Bowman 392. Antrcostt: Ellis Bare “M acoun 9008. MaGpAteEN Isuanps: Coffin Island, Fernald, Long St. John 6764 & 6765; Cap-de-l’Est, Ile de la Grande-Entrée, Victorin & Rolland 9922. Nw Brunswick: Lac Fox Creek, Westmorland Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 44749; Lily P., Southern Head, Grand Manan, Charlotte Co., Knowlton & Weatherby pint Nova Scorta: Taylor’s L. Bes ver Pictou Co., St. 1378; Clyde R.., Shelbourne Co., Prince & Atwood 1318 (s): Goose L. , Argyle, Yarmouth Co., Sey & White 19680; Petpe- wick, Musquodoboit Harbour, ’ Halifax Co., Rousseau 35293; Kiroiaed L., Hants Co., Fernald, Bartram & Long 23131; Lena St. Paul Island, Perry & Roscoe 38. Ma se Haley P Rangeley, Franklin Co., Sept. 1, 1894, Furbish; Gilead, Oxford Co., 1897, Furbish; Jordan gt Hancock Co., Sept. 10, 1898, E. Rand; "Hackmatack Swamp, Isle au Haut, Knox Co., A. Hill 1222; Southport, Lincoln Co., Fassett 18803; Perley P., Sebago, Cumberland Co., Fernald, Long & Norton 12384; Lily P., East Limington, Limington, York Co., Fernald, Long Norton 12383. New HAMPSHIRE: Connecticut ee Northumber- land, Coés Co., Pease 12171; Wheeler P., Shelbourne, Cods Co., Aug. 31, 1918 , De eane; Merrimack, Hillsboro Co., June 19, 1918, Batchelder; Stonehouse P., Barrington, Straff ord Co., Hodgdon 599. Vermont: Grout P., Stratton, Windham Co., Eggleston 2111; also Sept. 1, 1931, ae 2 Eaton. Massacuuserts: So. Co., Seymour 1487; Nantucket, Nantucket Go.; 886, L. L. Dame; Uxbridge, Worcester Co., Aug. 28, 1851, Beicny in herb. . Bot. Gard., cotypes = F, G, NE) and. Aug. 18, 1870, Robbins, also June 5, 9, & 2 . 1876, Morong; Lake Chaubuna- gungamaug, Webster, Worcester Co. ., Ogden & Bolan 1562; Spectacle P., Gheendar! Berkshire Co., raed 29, 1912, R. Hoff- mann. Connecticut: Middlebury, New Haven Co., Sept. 14, 1901, arse: “Stafford, Aug. 1897, herb. E. L. Morris. New 142 Rhodora [APRIL York: Quiver P., Fourth L., Fulton Chain, Adirondack Mts., Killip 12574 (US, mixed with P. epihydrus v. Nuttallii, G, not mixed); Brandy Brook Flow, Cranberry L., St. Lawrence Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1711; Big Moose L., Herkimer Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1716; Fall Creek, Tompkins Co., Dudley; Deep P., Wading R., Long Island, EZ. S. Miller; Rock P., Adiron- dacks, Aug. 5, 1884, Morong; McDonough, July 26, 1886, F. V. Coville. New Jersey: Pump Branch of Albertson Brook, Ancora, Camden Co., J. W. Adams 511; Magnolia L., Ocean View, Cape May Co., Sept. 29, 1921, H. B. Meredith; Estellville, Atlantic Co., July 4, 1883, C. A. Gross. Onrarto: Sand Pt., Algoma Dist., Lat. 47° 00’ N., Long. 84° 45’ W., Taylor et al. 29 Micuiaan: bog near Rock R., Alger Co., Fernald & Pease — 3066; Au Train, Alger Co., Pease & Ogden 25135; Crooked L., Clyde Twp., Allegan Co., Aug. 18, 1937, D. L. Allen; Crooked L. Marsh, Allegan Co., Aug. 4, 1938, W. G. Erwin; 4% mi. s. w. of est L., Portage Twp., Kalamazoo ©o., Hanes 407. WISCONSIN: Potter’s Cranberry Farm, Cutler, Juneau Co., Sept. 23, 1932, J. H. Steenis (G); Valley of the Wisconsin R., near Grand Rapids, Cheney 3610 (NY). P. Oakesianus has the general appearance of P. natans except | that it is uniformly smaller in all its parts. There are funda- mental differences, however, chiefly in regard to the fruit. The fruit, besides being smaller, lacks the puckered, buff epicarp of = RE eae cars P. natans and is, instead, stretched and smooth and usually — green. The fruits also differ from those of P. natans by having 3 prominent keels. The other differences are mainly those corre lated with size. While the submersed leaves of P. natans are generally borne on the single main stem, those of P. Oakesianus : are on branches. 9. P. GraminEevus Linnaeus (American varieties) RuizomeE buff, often suffused or spotted with red, variable ine thickness. Stem much branched, terete .5-1 mm. in diametel; — stele with the oblong-type pattern with but 1 central bundle — (rarely with 2) and usually but 1 lateral bundle on each side; endodermis of U-cells strongly thickened on the inner and lateral faces; interlacunar bundles strongly developed but only — in the outer interlacunar circle; subepidermal bundles present — or absent; pseudo-hypodermis absent or 1 cell thick. SUB — MERSED Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate or lance-elliptical (sometimes oblanceolate), 1-9 (-13) em. long, (.1-) .2-1 (-1.5 em. wide, tapering gradually to a sessile base; apex acute, usually sharp-pointed; nerves 3-9 (—11); lacunae of 1 or 2 rows along 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 143 midrib, mostly obscure; margins with fugacious 1-celled trans- lucent denticles. FLOATING LEAVES coriaceous, blades ovate to elliptical (rarely subrotund), 1.5—5 (—7) em. long, 1-2 (-3) cm. wide; apex obtuse or bluntly mucronate; base cuneate or rounded; petioles 2-10 (-15) cm. long, mostly longer than the blades; nerves 13-17 (—23); lacunae obscure. STIPULES persistent, ob- tuse and slightly cucullate at apex, those of the submersed leaves and branches .5-3 cm. long, 1-2 mm. wide at base, faintly 2-keeled, with 8 to 30 igs nerves, those of the floating Anon broader. PrpuNcLEs at base about same thickness as sometimes clavate, 2-10 (-30) ecm. long. Sprkes in aitheas usually rather compact, of 3-10. whorls of yt in fruit canta and crowded, 1—2.5 em. long, .6—.8 cm. sessile or on pedicels up to .56 mm. long; peace connectives orbicular to oval, blades (.7—) 1.2-1.6 (—2.3) mm. wide, claws .2-) .4~.8 (-1) mm. long; anthers oblong .6-1 (-—1.1) mm. long. Fruits mostly obovate, 1.7—2.5 (—2.8) mm. long foxaledlne beak), (1.4-) 1.6—2 (-2.3) mm. wide, keels usually strongly evident, but often obscured by the loose exocar p, beak facial, short and curved toward the back; exocarp usually loose, green or rately tawny; endocarp with keels low and obtuse, beak linear, be mm. long, loop solid; apex of seed pointing 3-7 m ' above the basal end. A v ariable species characterized by a pedal with many lateral pottipoltid branches bearing numerous small leaves. Among the many variants of P. gramineus, the following seem worthy of recognition i Ber rate ae ieornias leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (1—) 1.5-9 (-13) em. long, .2-1 (-1.5) cm. wide, eg times long as broad, or if more than 10 times, =) t less than 6 em. long, sides not parallel; actly (3- 2. Principal submersed leaves (1-) 1.5-4.5 (-6. c. cm. long, —-.6 (—.8) em ahecaes WOVEN He Oise aw as 2: Principal submersed leaves (3-) fe (-13) em. long, 6-1 (-1.5) em. wide; nerves 7-9 (-11).........-..-. 9b. var. maximus. i. Principal submersed leaves eer 1) 1.5- os 5 (-5.5) em. long, .1-.25 (—.3) em. wide, 10-20 (-30) times as long as broad, sides caaieiaatty set ni most of their eek tapering at apex to an acute tip; nerves 3...... 9c. var. myriophyllus. te . var. typicus. 9a. P. Gramrnevs L. var. typicus P. gramineus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 127 (1753); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 34 (1907). P. Proteus see ten C. & S., cp end 2: 202 (1827). P. gramineus var. graminifolius Fries, Novit. Fl. Suecicae 36 (1828), and aethantiuiaind Am. authors. P. Piceschetiok sensu Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 23 (1893): Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 19 (1909); not Schreb. P. heterophyllus forma gramini ifolius Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2:24 (1893). P. asebiben ie forma sdupsaduacthatts Morong, 144 Rhodora [APRIL Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 24 (1893), at least in part. P. gra- mineus var. longipedunculatus Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: Fern., Gray’s Man., ed. 7: 74 (1908). Spirillus heterophyllus Nieuwl., Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 17 (1913). P. gramineus forma longipedunculatus House, Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 254: 53 (1924), at least in part. P. gramineus forma terrestris Carpenter, Fl. t., 3rd_rev. ed.: 25 (1937). P. gramineus var. lacustris sensu Hultén, Fl. Alaska and Yukon, pt. 1: 100 (1940). Lakes and streams, southern Greenland to Alaska, south to New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Map 10. Eurasia. Of the very numerous collections of this variety the following are the most typical in the areas cited: GREENLAND: Igaliko, 1828, J. — . Vahl, also July 23, 1888, Rosenvinge 2990; Igaliko-Fjord, Qags- siarssuk, Aug. 5, 1925, A. E. Rolland & Jacques 33714; New Richmond, Bonaventure Co. Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33855; Lake Temiscouata, Victorin $26; Farm Point, Gatineau R., J. M. Macoun 80929; Ottawa R. at Gatineau Point, Malte 118257; Blue Sea L., Malte 118265; Aug. 17, 1917, Victorin 4196. Macpatmn ISLANDS: Amherst Island, St. John 1758 (toward var. maximus). Nova Scotia: e - New Hampsuire: Dead R Berlin, Coés C 22754; Lake Winnipisaukee near Melvin Village, Aug. M. P. Porsild; Frederiksdal, — ie Se Riglaeseos. : i ; G 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 145 M. A. Day. Vermont: Little Otter Creek, Lake Champlain, Ferrisburg, Aug. 7, 12, and 20, 1880, C. EF. Faxon; Queechee Gulf, July 29, 1890, G. G. Kennedy; Fairfield P., Fairfield, Franklin Co., Blake 3071. Massacuusrrts: Mystic L., July 4, 1852, Robbins; Fresh P., Cambridge, August 6, 1883, Morong; Sandy P., Lincoln, Sept. 15, 1868, herb. Wm. Boott; Natick, Aug. 14 and 17, 1883, Morong. Connecticut: Selden’s Cove, Lyme, Aug. 31, 1900, C. B. Graves; Pistapaug P., Durham, Weatherby 3389; several collections from Lake Saltonstall, E. Haven are typical P. gramineus, others from the same lake approach var. myrtophyllus, still others approach var. maximus or are perhaps P. gramineus X P. illinoensis. New York: Butterfield L., Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1690; Osgood P., Franklin Co., Muenscher & Maguire 778; Otsego L., Otsego Co., Muenscher & Curtis 4880; Bullhead P., Minerva, Essex Co., House 15193; Myers Pt., Ludlowville, Tompkins Co., Aug. 13, 1884, W. R. Dudley. New Jersey: Morris P., Sept. 13, 1887, N. L. Britton; maximus; NY, not mixed); Swartzwood L., Sussex Co., Griscom 3 McAtee 3076. Ounto: Sandusky Bay, July 20, 1895 and Sept. 2, 1898, E. L. Moseley; Put-in-Bay, Aug. 1898, A. J. Pueters. ee Oe I 28, 1897 and June 29, 1898, L. M. Umbach; Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell 44, also Scovell & Clark 1221, also Evermann 1221. Wis- CONSIN: Pell L., Bloomfield Twp., Walworth Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4194; near State House, Trout Lake, Vilas Co., Fassett 9067 & 9069; Green Bay, Big Suamico, Aug. 28, 1891 and July 31, 1893, J. H. Schuette. Iniinots: Edgewater, June 7, 1890, L. N. Johnson; Rogers Park, June 7, 1890, herb. W. H. Dunham. ManiTospa: 4 mi. w. of Hamiota, Macoun & Herriot 76868; Killarney, Macoun 16441. Mrnnesota: Green L., Kandiyohi Co., Metcalf 2050; Itasca Park, De Soto L., Becker Co., Grant & Oosting 3272 & 3276; Snail L., Ramsey Co., Oosting 28166; Horn L., Anoka Co., Oosting 291 & 28100; Muskeg Bay, Lake of the Woods, Warroad, Roseau Co., Hotchkiss & Jones 417; Long L. near Ely, St. Louis Co., Hotchkiss & Jones 4083; Pleasant L., 146 Rhodora [APRIL Stearns Co., Linsdale & Keck 1; Dudley L., Rice Co., Keck & Stilwill 373 & 379; Birch L., Sherburne Co., Kubichek 101; Fish L., Chisago Co., Kubichek 66; Borden L., Garrison Twp., Crow Wing Co., Hotchkiss & Jones 4112. Iowa: Armstrong, Emmet Co., Aug. 8, 1891, June 20, 1897, and Aug. 21, 1897, R. I. Cratty; Lost Island L., Freeman Twp., Clay Co., Hayden 821. NortT# Daxorta: King Slough, s. of Bismark, Metcalf 345; Doctor L., Drake, Mabbott 423; Spiritwood, Bergman 443; Leeds, Benson Co., Aug. 2, 1899, Aug. 21, 1899, and Aug. 16, 1915, J. Lunell. SoutH Dakota: South Bass P., Cottonwood L., Spink Co., Over 17138; eastern Day Co., Over 14466. NeprasKa: Pelican L., Thomson 153; Red Willow L., Thomson 361 & 365; Enders L., Thomson 16; Dewey L., Tolstead 615; Shafer L., Garden Co., Uhler & Martin 1656. Mackenzie: Mosquito Creek and Drift- — wood R., Great Bear L., 66° 55’ N. 121° 20’ W., July 6-8, 1928, A. E. & R. T. Porsild; Edna Travers Bay, Great Bear L., 66 25’ N. 117° 40’ W., A. E. & R. T. Porsild. SaskaTCHEWAN: vicinity of William Pt., Lake Athabasca, 59° 7’ 30’” N. 109° 19 Oa: W., Raup 6849; Little Buffalo L., J. M. Macoun 2975; s. of — Battleford, Macoun 2981. ALBERTA: east end of Crow’s Nest Pass, Rocky Mts., Macown 23180; Sand Pt., n. shore of Lake — Athabasca, Raup & Abbe 4614. Monrana: Mud L., Bigfork, | Flathead L., M. E. Jones 9293; Flathead L., Big Fork, Flathead — 0., G. B. & R. P. Rossbach 17; Whitefish L., Aug. 24, 1892, R. — S. Williams; Lower Two Medicine Lakes, Glacier Nat’l Park, — Maguire 484; Echo L., MacDougal 639. Ivano: Priest Ly | MacDougal 241; Lake Pend Oreille, Sperry & Martin 719, also — Henderson 4576; “Lake Pend Oreille, near Hope, Sandberg, — MacDougal & Heller 955 & 1026. Wyomina: Shoshone Creek, Yellowstone, Aug. 23, 1878, C. Richardson; Yellowstone Ly — Yellowstone Park, Tweedy 411; Leighs L., Jacksons Hole, Mer — rill & Wilcox 902. Couorapo: Estes Park, Lorimer Co., Beé 2341; South Park, Wolf 961; near Boulder, Boulder Co., Tweedy — 4978. Uvan: Grassy L., Goodman Ranch, Bear R. valley, Ranch, Lake Co., Coville 602. Wasnineron: Lake Washingtod: — Mercer Island, King Co., Thomson 7589; Ozette L., Clallam er Af Otis 1584; Blakeley Island, San Juan Islands, S. M. & E Zeller 1237; Falcon Valley, Aug. 1, 1885, W. N. Suksdorf (toward ae 4 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 147 Si 6 gt {24 og: - faa } P. GRAMINEUS RANGES OF PoTAMOGETON 148 Rhodora [APRIL var. myriophyllus). British Cotumpia: Kamloops, Macoun 2974; Wellington, Vancouver Island, John Macoun 88254; Sproat L., Albernie, Vancouver Island, Carter 505. ALASKA: Yes Bay, Howell 1668; Fairbanks, L. J. Palmer 1866. 9b. P. GRAMINEUS L. var. MAxIMUS Morong ex Bennett Var. maximus Morong ex acim? Journ. Bot. 19: 241 (1881). P. lonchites Tuckerm., Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2: 6: 226 (1848), not Tuckerm., ibid ser. 2: 7: 350 shoe and subsequent Am. authors. at gramineus var. maximus Morong, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 155 (1886), without description. P. heterophyllus forma maximus Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 3: no. 2: 25 (1893). P. gramineus var. maximus Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 88 (1907). a: heterophyllue in part, Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 19 (1909). P. gramineus f. Wolfgangit sensu Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 209 (1916), as to American citations. P. gramineus f. jemtlandicus ee Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 209 (1916), as to American cita- io Lakes and streams, often in flowing water, with the typical variety and having essentially the same range in North America. Mar 11. Among many collections, the following are the most representative from the areas cited: LaBrapor: 18 mi. .up kaupi R., Lake Melville Dist., R. H. Wetmore 103096. NEWFOUNDLAND: Rushy P., cpuaiee R., Fernald, Wiegand, Bartram & Darlington 4477; Lewisport, Notre Dame Bay, Fer- nald, Wiegand & Darlington 4480. Quesec: Lac des Quinze (Baie Gilies), Temiscaming-Abitibi, Victorin 8194 & 8196; Roberval, July 16, 1892, Geo. G. Kennedy; Deschenes, near Hull, Malte 11 8263; Lac Saint-J. ean, Victorin 16064. ANTICOSTI: Riviére McKane, Victorin & Rolland 27095; Pointe de 1|’Est, Victorin & Rolland 27094. NEw BRUNSWICK: Titusville, Brit- tain 2987; near St. John R., Connors, Pease 2589. Nova Scotia: Salmon R. , Truro, Colchester Co., Bean & White 22962. MAINE: Aroostook Pe Ft. Fairfield, July 18, 1893, eden St. John R., Ft. Kent, Mackenzie 3613; Dead R., Somerset Co., Fernald & Strong 477: stream below Dwinall P:, Winn, Penobscot Co., Steinmetz 365; Stillwater R., Old Town, ’ Penobscot Co., Ogden & Steinmetz 1602; Orland R., Orland, Penobscot Co., Ogden & Marston 1694. New HAMPsnine: Connecticut R., Walpole, Fernald 436; Connecticut R., near Hanover, July 26 and Aug., 1876, H. G. Jesup (not typical). Vermont: Little Otter Creek, Lake Champlain, Aug. 7, 1880, herb. E. & C. E. Faxon (not typical). MASSACHUSETTS: Charles R., Dedham, July 14, 1879 and July 16, 1880, Morong, also Aug. 2, 1880, C. E. Faxon; Charles R., S. Natick, July 14, 1879 and Sept. 5, 1882, Morong; Charles R., Needham, Tuckerman; Ashland, July 9, 1879, herb. Morong. ‘ConNECcTICUT: Quinnipiac R. at Old Turnpike, a Ne SS ee 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 149 Southington, Aug. 17, 1900 and Aug. 17, 1901, C. H. Bissell; Housatonic R., near Lake Zo oar, Southbury, E. H. Eames 11 745. New York: Saranac pe Adirondacks, July 31, 1884, Morong; French Creek, Clayton, Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1693; Hudson R., below Glen Falls, Warren Co., Muenscher & Lindsey 2769; Song L., Cortland Co., Muenscher & Curtis 4841; Buffalo, Clinton 6. New Jersey: Delaware R., Hunterdon Co., Sept. 19, 1885, T. C. Porter; Lake Hopatcong, C. F. Austin (C, mixed with P. gramineus var. typicu us). PENNSY Daeg Penn’s Creek at “‘Swinging Bridge,” Selinsgrove, Snyder Moldenke 4207. Ontario: Dog R., above Michipicoten, pee Macoun 97; Ottawa R., Rockliffe, John Macoun 85536; Ottawa R., Harrington 99086 & 99102; Templeton, Scott 16444. Mucuti- GAN: St. Clair R., near Port Huron, Dodge 155; Sault R., near Sault Sainte Marie, Aug. 11, 1910, J. R. Churchill (not typical). Onto: Sandusky Bay, Aug. 19 and Aug. 31, 1898, A (not typical, perhaps P. gramineus X P. illinoensis). rcs: SIN: Wisconsin R., near Lac Vieux Desert, Cheney 683; Green Bay near Big Suamico shore, Brown Co., Jul 1 gee ee Schuette (not typical, perhaps | gramineus ae ek illinoensis). Minnesota: Vermilion ol July 28, 1886, L. H. Bailey, also Arthur, Bailey & Holw y B46, B69 & B403; Garden Taina: Lake of the Woods, M. acMillan & Sheldon 1332; near mouth of Brule R., Cook Co., Rosendahl & Butters 4638. Iowa: Armstrong, Emmet Co., July 11 and Aug. 21, 1897, R. I. Cratty. Nort Dakota: Leeds, Benson Co., July 2, 1906, J. Lunell. Macken- zie: Edna Travers Bay, Great Bear L., Aug. 8, 1928, A. E. & R. T. Porsild. SasKaTCHEWAN: along Grand Trunk Pacific R. R., Yorkton, Macoun & Herriot 76869. AuBerta: Murdock Creek Dist.. Wood Buffalo Park, Raup 1546; L. Mamawi, Wood Buffalo Park, Raup 1548. Montana: Midvale, Umbach fas Ipano: Moose Creek, near Big Springs, Fremont Co., P. Rossbach 20. Wyomina: Obsidian Creek, Yellowstone Neti Park, Aven & Elias Nelson 6061. Couorapo: Trout L., near Lizard Head Pass, San Miguel Co., Maguire, Piranian & Rich- ards 12771. Uran: Salt Lake City, PP E. Jones 1304; Dry L., Cache Co., Maguire 138149. New Mexico: Chusca Mts., San Juan Co., Wetmore 549. Anizona: Crater L., San Francisco Mts., Aug. 1886, Lemmon Herbarium. CALIFORNIA: Lily L., near ’ Fallen Leaf, Lake Tahoe region, Eldorado Co., Wiggins 6775. Wasnincton: Tumwater Canyon, Wenatchee R., Sand- berg & Leiberg 524; Camas Land, Wenatchee Mts., Chelan Co., Thompson 11768. BritisH ConuMBIA: Shawnigan L., Vancouver inne: John Macoun 88258. Awuaska: Sitka, Evans 780; Selawik a J. Palmer 638 (US, mixed with P. Richardsonit). 150 Rhodora [APRIL 9c. P. GRAMINEUS L. var. MYRIOPHYLLUS Robbins Var. myriophyllus Robbins in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5: 487 (1867). Fr, ee re forma myriophyllus Morong, Mem. Torr. Club : no. 2: 24 (1893). P. heterophyllus forma minimus Morong, Mane Torr. Giub 3: no. 2: 25 (1893). P. gramineus var. myrio- phyllus Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 87 (1907); Graebn. i in a Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 89 (1907). 'P. hetero- 53 aged Quiet water; local in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Montana. oe 12. Although many collections approach this variety, only the following are considered typical: NEW Hampsuire: Lake Winnepesaukee, 1876, W. F. Flint. Massa- CHUSETTS: Spot P., Stoneham, Aug. 20, 1865, herb. Wm. Boott, also July 27, 1876, Morong, also Aug. 13, 1880, herb. E. & C. E. Faxon; Spot e Wyoming, Aug. 13, 1880, herb. C. E. Faxon; Spot P., Melrose, Aug. 13, 1880, "Edwin Faxon; Winter P., Wihehestcr Middlesex Co., Fernald & Svenson Thh Wakefield, ee ba ble J. W. Chickering; Lake Pattaquatic, Ware, Aug. 25,1 E. L. Morris. Ruope Istanp: Apponaug P., Apponaug, Oct. vy "1865, Robbins (type in NY), also Aug. 1879, Sept. 29, 1879 and Aug. 26, 1880, Morong, also Aug. 26, 1880, "E. Faxon, also Aug. 26, 1880 herb. E. & C. BE. Faxon (“ Kingston” appears on the labels, which is an error, for the collection was made at Apponaug in the town of Warwick), also Aug. 24, 1881, E. Faxon, also Aug. 25, 1881, Morong; Gorton’s P. (Apponaug P. of early botanical collectors), Apponaug, town of Warwick, E. C. & E. B. Ogden 1765. New Yorx: Mud P., Pattens Mills, Warren Co., Aug. 25, 1918, S. H. Burnham; Friends L., Warren Co., M uenscher & Lindsey 2776. MIcHIGAN: Sister Lakes, Van Buren Co., De Selm 22. Inpiana: Dune Park, Peattie 2305. Wisconsin: Oneida Reservation, Sept. 8, 1881, ‘J. H. Schuette; Devils L., Sauk Co., Fass.tt t 14262. Minnesota: Lake Mora, Kanabec Co., July 1892, E. P. Sh: ldon; Milaca, Mille — Co., July 1892, E. P. She Idon. Montana: Bitterroot Ri; Missoula, Missoula Co., Barkley 1996 The extremely variable P. gramineus i aehick often approaches in appearance its near relative, P. illinoensis, is further compli- cated by the fact that it hybridizes with most (perhaps all) of the other broad-leaved species of the genus and even one (perhaps more) linear-leaved species. In North America three varieties can be recognized which, though distinct in their extreme de- 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 151 velopments, intergrade freely. The variety that appears to be identical with the one upon which the species is based (var. typicus) is by far the most common, and is rather widespread in both Europe and North America. Its much branched stem has usually an abundance of small elliptic-lanceolate submersed leaves which distinguish it from all other species of Potamogeton as well as from the other varieties of the same species. The variety myriophyllus has a stem even more branched and the leaves still smaller but with parallel margins. This would seem to be but an ecological form were it not found in somewhat different habitats, according to data on labels. When I collected it in Apponaug Pond in 1938 it was exactly like the plants Robbins collected there in 1865. The variety maximus is perhaps the most variable one. It differs from the other variants of the species in the larger size of the submersed leaves, less branching of the stem, and usually longer internodes. While for most collections this variety seems to be genetic, for many the condition appears to be ecological. It is oftentimes very difficult to distinguish it from hybrids having P. gramineus for one of the parents. It can usually be distinguished from P. gramineus X P. illinoensis, which appears ‘most like it, by the more flaccid stem and leaves of the variety. Plants appearing like typical P. gramineus or var. maximus, except that the submersed leaves are oblanceolate or spatulate, with the apex rounded, mucronate, or cuspidate (often with many variations on the same plant) occur. These have been called P. gramineus var. spathulaeformis. The type material upon which this name is based is from the Mystic Lakes, Med- ford, Mass. and proves to be P. gramineus X P. illinoensis. Plants with submersed leaves somewhat similar but usually smaller and with floating leaves usually orbicular or very short- elliptic occur in Newfoundland, Quebec, New Brunswick, Ver- mont, New York, Ontario, Michigan, Minnesota and Iowa. While the usual stem-anatomy pattern is that of P. gramineus, occasionally O-cells are found in the endodermis, thus pointing toward a parent (or grandparent) with an endodermis of O-cells. The broad rounded apex of the submersed leaves and the nearly orbicular floating leaves point to an ancestor with broad rounded leaves. Some of these plants are P. gramineus X P. perfoliatus, 152 Rhodora [APRIL others are P. gramineus X P. Richardsonii, in both cases prob- ably backcrossed with P. gramineus. At Moran, Mackinac Co., Michigan, in the shallow water at the northwest end of Brevort Lake, I found typical P. gramineus (Ogden & Bolan 1680) and obvious P. gramineus &X P. Richardsonii (Ogden & Bolan 1681, with Richardsonii-like submersed leaves and gramineus-like floating leaves) and clearly intermediate between the two a plant with oblanceolate submersed leaves (Ogden & Bolan 1681 in Gray Herbarium). See discussion of these hybrids on later pages. Not all oblanceolate-leaved plants are hybrids, however, for leaves of the typical variety or of the variety maximus which have been produced at the surface of the water may tend to form a transition to the floating type, which may narrow the lower half and produce a mucro at the apex; in such cases the lower leaves, if submersed, will have the normal shape. Then, too, submersed leaves often have a tendency for the edges of the lower part to curl under, giving the leaf a false oblanceolate shape which close examination will detect. 10. P. 1LLINOENSIS Morong epidermal bundles present or absent; pseudo-hypodermis absent or 1 cell thick. Suspmursep Leaves thin, elliptic or oblong- elliptic (sometimes ovate-elliptic) to lanceolate or linear (by the further reduction of the blade to the midrib), often somewhat arcuate; blades 5-20 cm. long, (.2-) 1.5-4 (-4.5) cm. wide, sessile or tapering (except when reduced to midrib) into petioles up to 4 cm. long; apices acute, usually somewhat mucronate; nerves (7—) 9-17 (-19); lacunae of 2-5 rows along midrib and larger nerves; margin with fugacious 1-celled translucent denticles. FLoatinec Leaves (often absent) more or less coria- ceous, transition to submersed leaves usually gradual; blades elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, 4-13 (-19) cm. long, 2-6.5 cm. wide; apices obtuse, ending in a blunt mucro; bases cuneate or rounded; petioles 2-9 cm. long, shorter than the blade; nerves 13-29; lacunae of 2 or 3 rows of cells along midrib, some- 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 153 IL P. ILLINOENSIS a - bY “yy a ~~ Aa eh ee ie ee y eye aa aw RANGES OF POTAMOGETON 154 Rhodora [APRIL times obscure. SvrpuuEs persistent, divergent and conspicuous, obtuse, those of the submersed leaves (1—) 2.5-8 em. long, (.3- .2 cm. wide at base, prominently 2-keeled, with 15-35 finer nerves; those of the floating leaves broader. PEDUNCLES as thick as or thicker than the stem, 4-15 (-30) cm. long. Spikes in anthesis more or less compact, of 8-15 whorls of flowers; in fruit cylindric and crowded (2.5—) 3-6 (—7) cm. long, .8-1 cm. thic LOWERS sessile or on pedicels up to .5 mm. long; sepaloid connectives orbicular to oval (or reniform), blades (1.3—) 1.6-3 (-3.2) mm. wide, claws 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers oblong, .6-2 mm. isis Fruits obovate to lan or ovate (2.5—-) 2.7-3.5 (-3.6) mm. long (excluding beak), (2.1-) 2.2-3 mm. wide; sides flat; keels prominent and acute, the dorsal ad developed above and below, the laterals less Antari developed but often each with a projecting knob at the base; beak facial, short, erect or curved toward the back; aarp ‘eray-green to olive- 7 (rarely brownish) ; endocarp with keels low but prominent, r with dorsal keel thin and very weak, beak deltoid, very weak, neti .5 mm. long, loop solid; apex of seed pointing at about the middle of the opposite side (or between middle and _ base). A highly variable species in which the extremes appear distinct, but transitional specimens, which are not a exception but the rule, indicate that they are a confluent ser P. illinoensis Morong, Bot. Gaz. 5: 30. (1880); Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 27 (1893); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam a as (1907); Taylor, N. Am. FI. 17: pt. 1: 20 (1909); Hagstr., Res. Pot. 198 a et P. lucens ae Am. authors; not L., Sp. ‘pL 126 (1753). P. Zizii of Am. authors, in part; no t M. & K. in Roéhling, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 845 (1823) ; not Koch ex ety Enum. Plant. Germ. 1: 531 (1827). P. Proteus lucens C. & S., Linnaea 2: 197 (1827) . e Pi Saoige Zizii C. & §., Linnaea 2: 201 (1827), in part. var. conmecticutensts Robbins in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5: “488 (1867): Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 31 (1893). P. angustifolius var. connecticutensis Bennett, Journ. Bot. 39: 199 (1901). P. Zizii var. connecticutensis Morong ex Bennett, Journ. Bot. 39: 199 (1901); Graebn. in Engler, Pflan- Bennett, Journ. Bot. 45: 374 (1907). ?P. Ziett var. porrectifolius Bennett in Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 83 (1907). ?P. Zizii var. gracilis Bennett in Graebn. Pflan- zenr. |. ce. (1907). Spirillus lucens Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 17 (1913), as to plant, not as to source of name. seh Zizit Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 17 (1913), in part illinoensis forma rosulatus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. ee 1916). P. illinoensis forma homophyllus Hagstr., Crit. Res (1916). X P. pseudolucens Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. ‘00 (1916). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 155 ae Pas lideres Benn., Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 29: 58 (1924 Lakes and streams, southwestern Quebec to southern British Columbia, a to Florida, Texas and California, Map Mex., Centr. A , and W. I. the very numerous collections, the following are es most typical from the areas cited: QUEBEC: Gatineau R., Wakefield, Macoun 62021. Vermont: Lake Dun- more, Salisbury, Aug. 11 and 31, 1896 and Sept. 2, 1899, Ezra Brainerd; Lake Champlain, Sept. 1, 1880, C. £. Faxon; Lake Hortonia, Aug. 15, 1896, Ezra Brainerd; Barton ri 1829, herb. Robbins. MASSACHUSETTS: Fresh P., Cam bridge, many col- lectors; Wenham P., Essex Co., ae 2 fa 1867, J. W. Robbins; Leverett P., July 1874, dH. G. Jes Connecticut: Lake Saltonstall, E. Haven 1845, Robbins, ni 1850, Robbins (G, NY, type collection a lucens Vv. connecticutensis) ; Lake Kenosha, anbury, H. H. Eames 11351; Housatonic R., Aug Robbins; Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield Co., Ogden é Bolan 1569. New York: Rockland L., July 17, 1892, Morong; Lake Cayuga, Cayuga, Aug. 20, 1884, Morong; Du ck L., Conquest, Cayuga Co., Hames, Ra ndolph & Wiegand 11175; bayou back of Renwint Park, Cayuga L., Ithaca, Tompkins Co., Hitchcock 11175a; n. of R. R. bri ridge, Cayuga, Cayuga Co., Oct. 1886 Wek. Dudley; Lake Oneida, July 28, 1880, Miss M. T. Hotch- kiss; Lake Cossayuna, Dobbin 11 12; Atuskatong Bay, Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire eee Ballston L., Saratoga rat Muenscher & Clausen 4232 & 42 233; Warde: i. Albany Co., : uenscher & Clausen iy Little York L., Preble, Cortland Co., . N. Jones 7465; Greens L., Greene Co., Muenscher & Curtis ries PENNSYLVANIA: pres 1876, E. A. "Rau (ME, “ Hanover, _ ” printed on the label). DELAWARE: Stanton, Sept. 4, 1896, . Commons. VrireGinta: Four Mile Run, Alexandria, June 29, isos, I. Tidestrom; Dyke, Fairfax Co., Metcalf & Sperry _ Norra Carona: Orton L., Orton Plantation, 10 mi of Southport, Brunswick Co., Sept. 8, 1941, R. K. Gaitrey &, FLoripa: near the south New R. canal, beyond head of New R J. K. & G. K. Small 4437; near the Miami canal, J. K. & G. K. Small 4486; between Cutler and Longview Camp, Small & Carter 1007; Royal Palm Park, Dade Co., Moldenke 752; near Eustis, Lake Co., Oklawaha R., Nash 859 & 1 750, also Curtiss 6692; Caloosa R., Simpson 386; ’ Everglades, Miami R., Small & Carter 1118 (F, NY , US, type collection of P. lucens v. floridanus). Ontario: Golden Le Renfrew Co., July 28, 1899, L. M. Umbach; Pelee Island, Lake Erie, Macoun 3023; River Trent, Macoun 29965; Elziver, Hastings Co., Macoun 2996; Stokes Bay, Tober- mory, Bruce. Co., Krotkov 7027. Micuican: Whitefish L., Mackinac Co., Metcalf 2317; n. w. of St. Ignace, Mackinac Co., Pease & Ogden 24964; Lake Orion, Farwell 900; Houghton L., 156 Rhodora [APRIL Roscommon Co., June 1876, herb. C. F. Wheeler; — : Allegan Co., Wight 8; Papaw L., Berrien Co., C. K. Dodge 171; , Whitley Co., Deam 49428; Tippecanoe Ls " Scovel 58; Take i teeces Scovell 54, also Evermann 1079 & 1222, also Clark 6; Lake Maxinkuckee, Culver, Marshall Co., Aug. 27, 1926, J. R. Churchill; Pine Station, Lake Co. , Aug. 8, 1876, E. J. Hill; Clarke, Umbach, also Lansing 1079; Atwood ii n. w. of Wolcottville, Lagrange Deam 553850; Lake Wawasee, Kosci- usko Co., Deam 56396 & 56401; Lake James, w. of Pokagon State Park, Beaches Co., Deam 56588 & 56539. WISCONSIN: Lake Wingra, Dane Co., June 20, 1892, L. A Cheney; White L., near Weyauwega, Waupaca Co., Hotchkiss & Martin 4432; Pickerel L., Nashville Twp., Forest Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4331; Big Muskego L., Muskego bees Waukesha Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4245; Wind L., Norw y Twp., Racine Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4226 & 4227; Pike hed Hartford Twp., Washington Co., Hotchkiss _ Koehler 4262; Shawano L. , Washington Twp., Shawano Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 43804; ’ Lake Noque Bay, Lake Twp., tives Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4826. I.ui- nots: Mississippi River Bottoms near Oquawka, July 23, 1873, Aug. and Sept. 1881, H. N. Patterson (vyPpE material); Pitts- burger L., Centerville, June 29, 1878, H. Eggert; Lake Villa, Sak 28, 1887, M. B. Waite. Manrtosa: Souris, July 7, 1883, J: acoun. Mrnnesota: Elk L., Itaska Park, Clearwater Co., Grant & Oosting 3184; Evans ee Kandiyohi Co., Metcalf 2377; Green . a ie ohi amie Metcalf 2039, 2048 & 2045; Lake tcalf 1563; Ric i calf 1427 & 1432; Koronis L., Stearns Co. , Metcalf 1379, 1883 & 1391, also Kubichek 110, 114, 115 & 121; Swan L., Nicollet Co., Metcalf 8; Martin L., Anoka Co., M etcalf 1829; Birch L., Sher- burne Co., Metcalf 1370; Horseshoe L., Chisago Co., Kubichek 71 & 72; Prior L., Scott Co., Oosting 2938; Lake Ida, Douglas Co., Uhler & Warren 858; Lake Julia, Sherburne Co., Keck & Stevens 280; Borden L., Garrison Twp., Crow Wing Co., Hotch- kiss & Jones 3s 4113; Center City, Aug. 1892, B. C. Taylor; Two Inlet L., Becker Co., sian & Manning 237. Iowa: Armstrong’s Grove, Emmet Co. , July 1882, R. I. Cratty (cotype collection of P. illinoensis) : : Pou duly 189 4, B. Fink 191; Fremont Co., Aug. 2, 1898, herb. T. J. & M. F. L. Fitzpatrick; Clear L., Cerro Gordo Co., July 11, 1896, B. Shimek. Mussourt: Fish L., Sibley, Jackson Co., Mackenzie 293; Gasconade R., between Falcon and Nebo, Laclede Co., Steyermark 13910; Current R., n. of Buffalo Creek, e. of Bennett, Ripley Co., Steyermark 14285; Phillips Spring, s. e. of Van Buren, Carter Co., Steyermark 21236; 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 157 Ae Creek, s. of French Mills, St. Francois Purchase Unit, 21087. N SoutH Dakota: water Bs near Missouri R., Clay Co., Over 4008. NEBRASKA: Rat rien 538; Swan L. mS of Whitman, Grant Co., Rydberg 1 rie Shafer Ris Garden Co., ‘Uhler & Martin Dewey L., Cherry oi Tolstead 614. Texas: Guadalupe R., Kerrville, Kerr Co., E. J. Palmer 12217; 16 mi. n. of Leakey Real Co., Cory 8502; San Antonio, Thurber 48; Montell Crete non Cory 9800; McKittrick Canyon, Guadalupe Mts., Cul- berson Co., Moore & Steyermark 3667 — typical). Wyomine: cur R., Elias Nelson 3386. Cou o: Tabequache Basin, Payson 1 v4: Cerro Summit, Pr ae of af ee Watershed, Baker 427. Uvan: Twelve Mile Cafion, Wasatch Mts., Tides- trom 517. New Mexico: Bah Augustine oo Organ Mts., Dona Ana Co., July 10, 1909, E. O. Wooton. CALIFORNIA: Marine Hospital, San Francisco, June 27,1892, 7. W. Blankinship; Mission Dolores, Bolander 274; near Sebastopol, Sonoma Co., Aug. 1900, M. S. Baker; Mountain L., San Francisco, Aug. 22, 1920, Alice Eastwood (not typical). OrEGoN: creeks, western Oregon, 1880, T. J. Howell; in a warm spring, Harney Valley, June 10, 1885, card Howell (F, mixed with P. alpinus v. tenuifolius, C, G, US, n xed). Wasurnaton: Lake Chelan, ashington Forest fee aw Gorman 703; Headly ig ee Spokane Co., Sperry & Martin 731. Bririsn CoLu : Sum 1 Li. Chilliwack Valley, J. M. Macoun 26815 Ghats a Dehn type of X P. perplexus in C, isotypes in G, NY). The highly complex species, P. illinoensis, has been variously treated by students of the genus. Morong! restricted the name to two collections of those known to him: Oquawka, II1., collected by H. N. Patterson, and Armstrong’s Grove, Iowa, collected by R. I. Cratty. Both plants are very robust and evidently grew in shallow, quiet, rich, muddy water. He complained that some botanists doubted the validity of P. illinoensis as a distinct species, but argued that it “. . . is evidently allied to lucens in habit, and with that species, P. angustifolius, P. spathulae- formis and P. heterophyllus, forms a very natural group, but it is clearly distinct from all of them in its vigorous growth, its abundant foliage, its ample floating and submerged leaves, and its large, strongly 3-keeled fruit.’’? Of these characters, the only One that can be considered of specific importance is that per- 1 Thomas Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, 3: no. 2: 27 (1893). * Thomas Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 28 (1893). 158 Rhodora [APRIL taining to the fruit, and examination shows that the fruits of the plants in this country called P. lucens or P. angustifolius are as strongly 3-keeled as those of P. illinoensis. Graebner’s treat- ment of this group is quite artificial. He followed Morong’s grouping rather closely but recognized numerous subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and forms to account for the minor divergencies. The name P. illinoensis was, however, confined to the two original collections. Hagstrém evidently made a genuine attempt to understand the complex. Lack of sufficient material greatly handicapped him. He was misled by previous treat- ments into believing that P. lucens occurs in this country, but cited no specimens. Morong, who had realized that the plants he referred to P. lucens did not match any of the European forms of that species, treated them as var. connecticutensis. Hagstrom ignored this, except to question its being a variety of P. lucens, and does not even include it asasynonym. Some sterile speci- mens in North America resemble P. lucens of Europe but they lack the tendency for the lower leaves to have the blades reduced at the apex so that the midrib extends well beyond as a cusp. When mature fruits are obtained, the keels are seen to be promi- nent and acute (those of P. lucens are low and rounded) and the beak is more facial. Interestingly enough, specimens with ma- ture fruit do not have the compact, bushy habit of P. lucens and would not be confused with that species. Hagstrém considered P. angustifolius (P. Zizii) to be the hy- brid P. gramineus X lucens, a belief held or suspected by many students of the genus. He cites specimens from North America but calls attention to the fact that “. . many Zizii-like North American plants are not at all this dbad. but of another origin, and great carefulness is necessary when considering these difficult forms.’ If P. lucens does not occur in this country, the hybrid P. gramineus X lucens must be absent also. It may be suspected that the hybrid P. gramineus X illinoensis is not un- common with us for it is known that each of these closely related species hybridizes with species of other subsections. Many inter- mediate forms occur, but it is usually difficult to determine which are the results of crossing and which are ecological variants of one or the other species.? . The plants of the subsection Lucentes 1J. O. Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. has (1916). 2 See discussion under Hysripis 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 159 fruit as freely as the average species of Potamogeton, and I think that nearly all of them must be considered to belong to one or the other of the two species. The earliest specific name for the large-leaved plant is P. illinoensis Morong. This species has several variants, the recog- nition of which is made difficult in that ecological forms of one may simulate normal states of another. The Lucentes need to be studied cytologically and, until the hybrids having P. illino- ensis as a parent are better understood, a grouping of the variants into varieties would be merely an artificial one. In order not to delay this treatment further, P. illinoensis is treated in the broad sense, including its many variations. 11. P. praELONGUS Wulfen RuizoMeE whitish, suffused or spotted with rusty red, as thick . as the stem or often much thicker. Stem simple or branched, whitish or olive-green, often zigzag, 1.5-4 mm. in diameter; stele with the proto-type pattern; endodermis of ‘Uecels inter- lacunar and subepidermal bundles present; pseu do-hypodermis 1-3 cells thick. Leaves all submersed, ovate-oblong, (5—-) 10-20 (—36) em. long, 1-3 em. Nags 13-25 nerves, 3-7 of them more prominent than the others, cordate or rounded at base and clasping 14 or % the siredietaneate of the stem; apex cucullate, splitting when pressed, or rounded; margin entire; lacunae of 2-4 rows of cells each side of the midrib. SrTrPUuLEs white, nerves moderately OAL, oblong to oblong-linear or ovate- lanceolate, rounded at apex, (3-) 5-10 cm. long, sliniieen baa usually persistent and Bey agra PEDUNCLES varia in thickness, clavate, (5-) 15-60 cm. long. Berk with 6-12 whorls, not crowded at anthesis, sometimes moniliform; in fruit 3-5 cm. long, 1.1-1.4 em. thick. FLOWERS scanils or on ’ pedicels up to 5mm. long; sepaloid connectives cpr blades orbicular or elliptical, (1.7—) 2-2.6 (-2.9) mm. wide, claws 1-2 mm. long; anthers 1-2 mm. long. Fruits obovate, aunied on the back, cuneate at base, (4-) 4.3-5 mm. long (excluding beak), 3.2—4 mm. wide; beak prominent, short and thick; dorsal keel acute and strongly developed, especially upward; lateral keels rounded or none; exocarp dark green; endocarp ‘with rounded lateral keels and a dorsal keel which is alate, thin and weak, beak linear, facial, about .8 mm. long, loop with a linear cavity; apex of seed pointing toward the basal end or slightly above. Plants om acterized by large ovate-oblong leaves, cucu ullate at the whitish stem, large phe stipules, and with long seth cles bearing large fruit 160 Rhodora [APRIL P. praelongus Wulf., Arch. Bot. Roem. 3: 331 dae i Journ. Bot. 19: 241 (1881); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 0. 2: 32 (1893); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: a (4907); Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 22 (1909); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot 250 (1916). Spirillus praelongus Nieuwl., Am. Midl. Nat. 3: 17 oo Deep, cold water, southern Labrador, Newfoundland, Gaspé Menon Prince Edward Island, New England, and New Jersey, west to California, and north to Alberta, Mackenzie and the Aleutian Islands. Map 14. Eurasia. Reported from Mexico. The following, from a large series of specimens, are representa- tive: LaBrapor: Trout P., Blanc Sablon R., Straits of Belle Isle _— on the Quebec side of the river), Fernald & Long 27347. NDLAND: Cook Point, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Gilbert & H otchkiss 27346; Tilt Cove, northern shores of Notre Dame Bay, no? Wiegand & Darlington 4482; Birchy Cove (Curling), Region of Humber Arm, Bay of Islands, Fernald, Wiegand & Kittredge 2441; Middle Birchy Ps eastern drainage area of the Humber R. system, Fernald & Wiegand 2444 (C, G, flaccid ppm Morley’s P., Humber Arm, Bay of Islands, Fernald, Long & Fogg 1211; Junction P., Whitbourne, Avalon Peninsula, Fernald, Long & Dunbar 26223. QUEBEC: Lac Pleureuse, Gaspé Co., Fernald, Dodge = Smith 25428 & 25424; West Branch of Mont Louis R., Gaspé Co., Fernald, Dodge & Smith 25422; Lac Sainte-Anne, Camps. Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33518; New-Rich mond, Bonaventure Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 83838; Lac Pore-Epic, Saint-Fabien, Rimouski Co., Rousseau 30004. Prince Epwarp IsLaAnp: Dundee, oae Co., Fernald, Long & St. John 6767; French River, Queens Co., Fernald, Long & St. John 6768. New Brunswick: ‘Woodstock, Aug. 1884, Geo. U. Hay 4131. Nova Scotia: Earltown Lakes, Aug. 10, 1883, Mekay. 4129. Maine: Houlton, Aroostook Co., 1881, Furbish; 5th Lake Musquacook, Piscataquis Co., G. B. Rossbach 82; St. John P., Somerset Co., St. John & Nichols 2107; Pushaw L., Orono, Penobscot Co. , Aug. 1891, Furbish; Hammond P., pee den, Penobscot Co. , Ogden & Steinmetz 1604; Hermo Her- mon, Penobscot Co.. , Ogden, Babel & Kozicky 1880 doesid form); Pleasant Ps Stetson, Penobscot Co., E. C. & E. B. Ogden & F. H. Steinmetz 1882, Gray Exsic. no. 1105; Androscoggin R., Liver- more Falls, Androscoggin Co., 1894, Furbish; Torsey P., Kent’s Hill, Readfield, Kennebec Co., "1892, Furbish. New HampsHIre: Ladd Py Stewartstown, Pease 1 4012: Streeter’s P., Lisbon, June 18, 1887, ex herb. E. & C. E. Faxon; Round P., Connecticut Lakes, Kendall, Gouldsborough & Doolittle 17. pi coma Shel- burne P., June 28, 1878, Pringle; Harvey’s P., West Barnet, Sept. 7, 1885, F. Blanchard; Willoughby, Orleans Co., Aug. 31, 1904, A. Lorenz. MASSACHUSETTS: Chadwick’s P., Essex Co., : ' F f I { f by ‘ i ; 4 y ft 7% é sh fs 4 $ 4 4 { i é o i 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 161 S. K. Harris 589; Pleasant L., Hamilton, Essex Co., Fernald & er 749; Fresh P., Cambridge, Middlesex Co., many collectors; Harmon P., New Marlboro, Berkshire Co., June 29, 1912, R. Hoffmann; Stockbridge Bowl, Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Aug. 9, 1914, R. Hoffmann. Connecricur: Bantam L., Litchfield, Litchfield Co., July 25, 1883, Morong; Lake Saltonstall, Sept. 23, 1880, LE. & C. EB Faron; Twin Lakes, North Bra nford, New Haven Co., June 22, 1887, FE. B. Harger; Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield Co., Eames & Godfrey 8685. New York: Southeast Bay, Saratoga L., Saratoga Co., Muenscher & Lindsey 2819; Dexter L., St. Lawrence a. Muenscher & M aguire 829; Lake Placid, Essex Co., Muenscher, Manning & Maguire 141; Cayuga L., Tompkins Co., July 29, 1884, Dudley; Pierrepont P., inlet from Lake Ontario, Woodville, Jefferson Co., House 10070; Ballston L., Saratoga Co., Muenscher & Clausen 4205. New JERSEY: Swartswood L., Sussex Co., Griscom & Mackenzie 10681. Ontario: Lake Hannah, Nipigon R., July 21, 1884, John Ma- coun; Lake Scugog, Wm. Scott 16451, also Cain 972; Inner Long Point Bay, Lake Erie, Cain 1050; Almonte, July 6, 1898, J. owler. MricuiGcan: Isle Royale, Cooper 312; Lake Manganese, Copper Harbor, Keweenaw Co., Hermann 8234; Tahquamenon R., Luce Co., Metcalf 2291; Douglas L., Cheboygan Co., Ehlers 5383 & 1756, also June, July 1924, J. R. Swallen; Fremont L., Newago Co., July 7, 1926, Oosting; Crystal L., Montcalm Co., C. F. Wheeler 273; Pine L., vicinity of Agr’l Coll., C. F. Wheeler 10; Haslet, Yuncker 713; Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., July 5, 1937, F. W. Rapp; Clear L., Jackson Sip. Hermann 6281. Onto: Put- in-Bay, July 16, 1898, A. J. Pieters. Inp1tana: Bear L., Noble Co., Deam 49394; Wolf L., Agnes Chase 1466; Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell 45 & 66; near Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell & Clark 1321. Naber chit Green Bay, 1892, Schuette; Twin Lakes, Marquette Co., Uhler & Warren 1079; Big Muskego L., Muskego Twp., Wanksaa. Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4246; Wind L., Norway Twp. Racine Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4228; Rice gh Nashville Twp., Forest Co., Hotchkiss & Koehler 4340; valley ‘of the Wis- consin R., near Lac Vieux Desert, L. S. Cheney pag nee Bebb 1009. MINNESOTA: Burntside L., July 25, 1886, L. Bailey; Lake Itasca, Clearwater Co., Grant py Swan a Far ja & Jones 3928; Center City, Chisago Co., July 1892, B. C. Taylor; Lake Chisago, Metcalf 1229; James L., Kandiyohi Co. , Metcalf 2387; Geneva L., Freeborn Co., Shunk & Manning 80; ‘German Li LeSueur Co., ., Shunk & Manning 229; Leaf L., Becker Co., Shunk & Manning 368; Christine L. , Douglas Co., Shunk & Manning 410; Pelican L. , Wright Co., Linsdale & Keck 153, also Uhler & Warren 797 6: Child L., Cass Co., Metcalf 2371; Lake Johanna, Pope Co., Keck & Stilwill 455. Iowa: Clear L., Cerro Gordo Co., July 11, 1896, B. Shimek. Nortu 162 Rhodora [APRIL Daxora: Roland Twp., Turtle Mts., Bottineau Co., M etcalf 522; Pelican L., Turtle Mts., Bottineau Co., Metcalf 546. NEBRASKA: Hackberry L., Cherry Co., July 18, 1912, Pool & Folsom; Dewey L., near Valentine, Tolstead 430; Enders L., Thomson 2. Mac- KENZIE: 2nd Eskimo L., 68° 10’ N., 132° 55’ W., Aug. 19, 1927, A. E. & R. T. Porsild. Auserta: Moose Lake district, Wood Buffalo Park, Rawp 1570 & 1571; Murdock Creek district, Wood Buffalo Park, Raup 1572. Montana: Lower Two Medicine Lakes, Maguire 485; Lower St. Mary’s L., Maguire 486. IDAHO: Henry L., Fremont Co., E. B. & L. B. Payson 2024; Gray’s L., Sperry & Martin 696. Wvyomina: Swastika L., Medicine Bow Mts., Albany Co., A. & R. A. Nelson 973, also R. J. Davis 378-W; Heart L., Yellowstone Nat’l Park, Clifford Richardson. CoLo- Peak, July 1879, Mrs. R. M. Austin. OREGON: Wallowa L., Cusick 2484; Klamath marsh, Klamath Indian Reservation, Coville 1254. Wasutnaton: Wiser L., Whatcom Co., M uenscher 7647; Lake Leland, Jefferson Co., Otis 1767. British COLUMBIA: efor uver I., John Macoun 41382a & 88257; Beaver L., near Victoria, John Macoun 88258 & 88259. ALASKA: Atka, Aleutian Islands, Eyerdam 948 & 1122. P. praelongus is a beautiful species with large bright green ob- long leaves, and it often has extremely long peduncles terminated by huge spikes with massive fruit. It can scarcely be mistaken for any other species. Bennett! quotes remarks from Morong to the effect that this species fruits very late (Nov. to Dec.). How- ever, specimens in herbaria with fruit are mostly collected in July and August. Robinson and Fernald say, ‘Fruiting in June and July, withdrawing the stems to deep water to mature the fruit,’’? and this seems to be the case. More June collections of this plant are desirable. An extremely flaccid form (forma elegans Tiselius) was collected in Newfoundland by Fernald and Wiegand (Fern. & Wieg. 2444); one much like it grows in Hermon P., Maine (Ogden, Babel & Kozicky 1880). 12. P. RicHarpsonu (Bennett) Rydberg RuizoMe whitish, yellowish or pinkish, not spotted; scales blackish, rounded at apex. Srem often branched, unspotted, 1 Arthur Bennett, Journ. Bot. 19: 241 (1881). 2? Robinson & Fernald, Gray’s Man. ed. 7: 74 (1908). 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 163 1-2.5 mm. in diameter; stele with the trio-type pattern, the phloem on the inner face of the trio-bundle appearing as 2 patches; endodermis of O-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal bundles absent; - pseudo-hypodermis 1 cell thick, at least partly so. LEAVES all submersed, coarse, mostly ovate-lanceolate, often ovate at the lower part of the stem and Serm tg narrowly lanceolate above, (1.5-) 3-10 em. long, (.5-) 1-2 em. wide, nerves (7—) 17-29 (—33), all rather prominent, 3-7 Fr them more prominent than the others, cordate at base and clasping 4% or 34 the circumference of the stem; apex acutish but never sharp- pointed, sometimes rounded; margin with fugacious 1-celled translucent denticles, which are usually more or less appressed, lacunae of 2 or 3 rows of cells each side of the midrib. StrpuLEes whitish, coarsely nerved, ovate to lanceolate, obtuse when young, 1-2 cm. long, without keels, early disintegrating into whitish fibers. PrpuNcLES at base about same thickness as stem, often clavate, 1.5-25 cm. long. Sprkes with 6-12 whorls, not crowded at anthesis, sometimes moniliform; in fruit 1.5-4 cm. long, and about 1 cm. thick. FLowenrs sessile or on pedicels up to .5 (-1) mm. long; s pe connectives hag se blades orbicular or allinteal, (13 ) 14-2 (-2.3) mm. wide, claws usually 1-1.5 mm. long; anthers (38>) 1.1-1.3 vot 4) mm. long. Fruits obovate, rounded on the back and at the base, sides plump or with a shallow a ry, (2.5-) 2.7-3.2 (-3. 5) mm. long (excluding beak), (2-) 2 6 (-3) mm. wide; beak prom- inent, up to 1 mm. long; vscis saree or none, rarely acutish; exocarp usually gray-green or olive-green; endocarp with rounded keels, beak linear, facial, about .8 mm. long, loop with a cavity, or at least a weak area ; apex of seed pointing toward the basal end or slightly above. Plants characterized by numerous coarsely-nerved pee submersed leaves, with stipules per- sistent Bes whitish fiber gabe (Bai) Rydb., Bull. Torr. Club 32: 599 (1905). P. perfoliatus var. lanceolatus Robb. in Gray, Man. ed. 5: 488 (1867); not ees Sapre ¥: soolanie: var. Richardsonit enn., Journ. Bot. 27: 25 (1 889); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 33 (1893); Ga in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: Tb ‘ae - (1907). P. perfoliatus L. sensu Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: Sah in par ; sensu Hultén, Fl. Alaska & ‘Yukon 101. (1940). Nini , Am. Mid. Nat. 3:17 (19 13). af petits ssp. Richard- sonii Hultén, Fl. Alaska & Yukon 102 (1940). Deep water of lakes and rivers, Labrador, Quebec, northern Maine, Vermont and western Massachusetts, west to Utah an California, north to British om Mackenzie, Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. Mar 1 (To be continued) 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 171 THE BROAD-LEAVED SPECIES OF POTAMOGETON OF NORTH AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO E. C. OapEN (Continued from page 163) The following, selected from a very large series of specimens, are representative: LaBrapor: Grand Falls of Hamilton R., Doutt 3323. Quxrserc: Lake Mistassini, J. M. Macoun 3055; Lac au Saumon, Matane Co., Svenson & Fassett 38045; Roberval, July 16, 1892, Mantods Lac William, near St. Ferdinand, Louis- Me arte, Laporte & Dudemaine 501; Odanak, Yamaska Co., Adrien 1806; Longueuil, Chambly Co., Victorin 18462, also "Rolland 43354, 483855, 483856 & 48481; Isle-aux-Noix, Richelieu R., Victorin 8179. Maine: Beau Lac, valley of St. Francis R., Aug. 14, 1902, Eggleston & Fernald; Fish River Lake, Aroostook Co., Ogden 1717; Round P., Aroostook Co., Fellows 2007; Cross L., Aroostook Co., Fellows 4887. Vermont: Lake Champlain, Orwell, Addison Co., Cushman 6009; Big Otter Creek, Ferris- burgh, Aug. 12, 1887, Morong; Ferrisburg, Aug. 16, 1896, Eggles- ton; Swanton, Franklin Co., Blewitt 2137; mouth of Winooski R., Burlington, Chittenden Co., Aug. 30, 1903, N. F. Flynn, also Blake 2308; Rescue L., Ludlow, hates Co., July 12, 1906, Burnham. | MAassacHUsEtTs: Ponto 6 oL., Lan esboro, Berk- shire Co., Sept. 9, 1915, J. R. Churchill: ‘Mill’ R., New Marlboro, Berkshire Gai July 24, 1912, R. Hoffmann. New York: Muska- longe Bay, Lake Ontario, Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1782; Salmon R., Selkirk, Oswego Co., Fernald, Wiegand & Eames 1 4087; Rapids eg Niagara Falls, Aug. 21, 1886, Morong; Tioughnioga R., paoene Cortland Co., E. L. Palmer 60; Silver L., Perry, Wyo ming Co. oy. Burkholder & Muenscher 1 6424; Myers Point, Poa Tompkins Co., Jones & Hoffmann 7467; ee a July 15, 1879, and Aug. 28, 1884, Dudley, also Aug. 15, 1893, Hermann von Schrenk, also Muenscher & Bechtel 459; Bemus Point, Lake Chautauqua, Aug. 06, Ja. Churchill; Shushan, Dobbin 1072 & 1327. “sme thane of Brandywine Creek, Chester Co., no date, ex Herb. . M, Canby (F, on a sheet with P. perfoliatus var. Sntacaidie! per- 7 the label refers only to P. perf. v. bup.). ONTARIO: Spawn- ing L., Temagami Forest Reserve, Cain 1051; Lake Nipissing, Chitty 306; Agawa R., Lake Superior, Pease 17983; Lake Hannah, Nipigon R., July 21, 1884, John Macoun; Mississippi R.., Galetta, Carleton Co., Ogden & Bolan 1631; Hay Bay, Tobermory, Bruce Co., Krotkov 7041; Golden L., Renfrew Co., Macoun 22176. MicHican: Ontonagon R., 1862, J. W. Robbins; Sault Ste. Marie, Aug. 6, 1881, E. J. Hill, also Aug. 25, 1882, Morong; Lake George, Homestead, Sugar Island, Chippewa Co., Hermann 7153 & 7224; Douglas L., Cheboygan Co., Gates 258; Lake Charlevoix, 172 Rhodora [May Ironton, Charlevoix Co., Ogden & Bolan 1678; Thread P., Flint, Aug. 11, 1909, Sherff; Detroit R., Gillman 65; Black L., Ottawa Co., July 14, 1926, Oosting. Onto: Sandusky Bay, Sept. 2, 1898, E. L. Mosely; Painesville, Aug. 21, 1887, herb. W. C. Werner, also Biltmore Herbarium 688. INnp1ANA: Wolf L., Whiting, Lake Co., Deam 55274A; Hamilton L., Hamilton, Steuben Co., Deam 56686; Long L., Wolcottville, Lagrange Co., Aug. 20, 1930, Johnson & Myers; Culver Bay, Scovell & Clark 1057; Lake Maxinkuckee, Scovell 27a, also Evermann 1057. WISCONSIN: University Bay, Lake Mendota, Aug. 19, 1912, R. H. Denniston; Pease & Bean 26389; Lake Itasca, Clearwater Co., Grant Oosting 3206; Lake Augusta, Arno Twp., Cottonwood Co., Co., Rydberg 1792; Enders L., Thomson 5: Crescent L Thomson 299; Shafer L., Garden Co., Uhler & Martin 1659; Lake Manawa, ee eee ee ee eT eS ee ee 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 173 Omaha, Amy C. Lawton 53 (F, semi-narrow-leaved form). MAcKENzIE: Setidge L., Aug. 21, 1927, A. EF. & R. T. Porsild 8098; rea Bay, Aug. 15, 1928, A. E. & R.T. Porsild; Big Point, Aug. 24, 1928, A. E. & R. T. Porsild. SASKATCHEWAN: Yorkton, hana &: Herriot 76872; Eagle L., Macoun & Herriot 86871; Methye L., J. M. Macoun 4368; near mouth of McFarlane Ri; Lake Athabasca, Francis Harper 98; Cornwall Bay, Lake Athabasca, Rawp 6617. Atsperta: Bow River Valley, Steward- son Brown 694; near Banff, Macown 4383; Vermilion Lakes, Banff, John Macoun 4380, also Malte & Watson 960, also McCalla 2370; near Chipewyan, n. shore of Lake Athabasca, Laing 147; also Raup & Abbe 4666. Montana: Missoula Valley near Frenchtown, S. Watson 397; Flathead L., Polson, Flathead Lake Co., Muenscher 10218; Flat Top L., Maguire 488; Lower Two Medicine Lakes, Maguire 4965; Swift Current Ridge L. (Bath Tub), Maguire 490; Trout L., Glacier National Park, Maguire 805. Ipauo: Lake Pend Oreille near Hope, Sandberg, Mac- Dougal & Heller 956; Clarks Fork Valley below Weeksville, Lez- berg 1574; Blackfoot R., Trail Ranger Station, Bannock Co., Eggleston 9974; Henry La Fremont Co., E. B. & L. B. Payson 2023; Mud L., Sperry & Martin 671; ‘Snake R., St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox 868; Portneuf R., McCammon, Bannoch Co., Ray J. Davis 328-37; Alturus L., Hvermann 492. Wyomina: Goose Creek L., Aven Nelson 2276; Laramie R., Elias Nelson 87 & 3362; Lewis ify Yellowstone region, 1878, C. Richardson; N. Yellowstone L , Tweedy 413. COLORADO: vicinity of Twin Lakes, : July—Aug. 1902, C. Juday; Tomichi R., Parlin, Gunnison oN Aug. 20, sot. ’ Benjamin H. Smith; Kremmling, Grand C Beetle 1462. Uran: Lehi, Aug. 1883, M. E. Jones; Fish L., Mw E. Jones 5788, also Rydberg & Carleton 7522. NEvADA: Truckee R., Sereno Watson 1135. Ca.tFornta: Pit R., at Lookout, Modoc 576; "Heather i. Mrs. R. M. Austin 1177; Truckee R., alt. 4000 ft., W. W. Bailey 1135. Orrcon: Des Chutes R.., Lupine, Crook Co., Peck 9619; Ten-Mile L., near Lakeside, Coos Co., Peck 9009; ’ Willamette R., Salem, Hall 489 & 490; Willamette R., June 1890, Drake & Dickson, also Henderson 1009; Straw- berry L., Blue Mts., Cusick 3620; U. S. R. S. Main Canal, Kla- math Falls, Rian Co., Applegate 3416; Laidlaw, Crook Co. s Kirk & Whited 3141. Wasuincton: Lake Washington, Mercer Island, King Co., J. W. Thompson 7594; Lake Whatcom, What- com Co., Muenscher 7658; Seattle, June 26, 1889, E. C. Smith on also Aug. 1892, C. V. Piper; Quiniault, Conard 318; Prosser, ima Co., Cotton 809; Stevenson’s Ranch, Lake helan, Comma 677; Lake Sammamish, King Co., Otis 1678; also Aug. 174 Rhodora [May 1936, G. N. Jones. British CoLtumsia: Sicamous, John rt Mie 4127; Sumas L., Chilliwack Valley, J. M. Macoun 26817; Cowichan L., Vancouver Island, J. T. Howell 7679; Shuswap L., og Macoun 3049; Howser i; Shaw 771 & 777; Kamloops, John Macoun 3048. YUKON: Lewis R., Lat. 60°, Sept. 6, 1887, Dawson 3046. AwaskKaA: Unalaklet, A. E. & R. T. Porsild 1102; Votlik, June 10-14, 1926, A. E. & R. T. Porsild; Pastolik, July 16-20, 1926, A. E. d& R. T. Porsild; Holy Cross, July 5, 1926, A. E. & R. T. Porsild; False Pass, Unimak Island, Aleutian Islands, Eyerdam 2156; Fairbanks, L. J. Palmer 1862; Ankow R. Piper r 4430; Matanuska, J. P. Anderson 838 & 1622; Pyramid Creek, compet Jepson 238; Selawik L., L. J. Palmer 638 (US, mixed with P. gramineus var. maimus) 5 ta Ri; Lake Iliamna, Gorman 233; Naknek L., Point 795, Katmai ; Region, Alaska Pen., July 22, 1919, A. E. Miller; “Kotlik, Yukon R. delta A. E. & R. T. Porsild 847. og Richirdsondt j is closely related to P. perfoliatus and is con- sidered by many to be merely a variety or state of that species. Often, on vegetative characters alone, the two species are difficult to distinguish, but with fruiting specimens there is never any question. The larger fruit, borne on clavate peduncles, and always with a cavity in the endocarp loop, is quite distinctive from that of P. perfoliatus. In the western part of its range, this plant exhibits the characteristic ovate-lanceolate leaves with the strong white stipule-fibers, and only in the region east of New York state do its leaves and stipules approach those of P. perfoliatus. As intermediate specimens are nearly always sterile and scarcely found except where the ranges of P. Richardsonit and P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides overlap, it is reasonable to suppose that they are hybrids of these two closely related plants. In many respects P. Richardsonii is intermediate between P. praelongus and P. perfoliatus and Hagstrém suggested that it “has arisen by cooperation between these two species.’ It is however a fertile species (for a Potamogeton) and with its greatest development falling outside the range of P. perfoliatus it cert- tainly cannot be considered a recent hybrid. The anatomy ° its stem is exactly that of P. perfoliatus and strikingly different from that of P. praelongus. It would seem that if P. praelongus were involved in its origin it would retain some of the funda- mental anatomical characteristics of that species, especially the 1 J. O, Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. 254 (1916). 175 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton \ rs aN = “ i 5 z ow . “le 2 \ *. ° NAN : Ge fa, “ip } 7) gi “NM OF ONO > ) > ; 9° AN y A = Ts eS “ Sy £ = ats OTe r fl \ RANGES OF PoTAMOGETON Sat Sy ia STN i alk i a lala 176 Rhodora [May cortical bundles and a tendency to the prototypic stele. It would seem more logical to suppose that P. praelongus evolved from a perfoliatus-like ancestor, with P. Richardsonii as an inter- mediate step, except that P. Richardsonii is confined to North America (reported from Scotland!), while both P. perfoliatus and P. praelongus have a much wider distribution. Also such a postulate would involve the development of a proto-type stelar pattern from a trio-type pattern. The fossil record is of little or no help here, for both P. perfoliatus and P. praelongus appear for the first time in the Amber flora (Upper Eocene or Lower Oligo- cene) of Denmark,? and P. Richardsonii is not distinguished from P. perfoliatus in fossil literature. In America, members of the perfoliate-leaved species are reported only from the Pleistocene, near Ottawa, Canada.* A narrow-leaved form of P. Richardsonii is found in Big Stone Lake, between northern South Dakota and Minnesota. It was collected there by T. A. Williams in 1892 and in 1895 and by W. H. Over in 1922 (no. 14464). Another collection from the same lake (Over 3367) and collections from Sand Lake, South Dakota (Griffiths 6) and Lake Manawa, near Omaha, Nebraska (Lawton 53) appear to be nearly the same thing, and several other collections approach it. This form might be considered a variety were it not that typical P. Richardsonii frequently pro- duces narrow-leaved branches, especially in deep or moving water. 13. P. perrFoLiaTus Linnaeus Migs whitish or pinkish, not spotted. Srem terete, .4-2 . in diameter, often much bra nched; stele with the trio-type pasion, the phloem on the inner lane of the trio-bundle usually appearing as 2 patches; endodermis of O-cells; interlacunar an subepidermal bundles absent: pseudo-hypodermis 1 cell thick, at least partly so. Leavers all submersed, delicate, orbicular to ovate-lanceolate, usually ovate, 1-6 (7) em. long, .5-3 em. wide, nerves 7-21, not ‘strongly developed, only 1—7 of them prominent, cordate at base and oe about 34 the circumference of the stem; apex rounded or at least broadly obtuse; margin with fugacious 1-celled peal eiens denticles which are usually di- vergent, lacunae of 1-3 rows of cells each side of the midrib. ' Arthur Bennett, Journ. Bot. 19: 241 (1881). ? N. Hartz, Danmarks geologiske Untersogelse, 2: no. 20: 121 (1909). ' J. W. Dawson, Can. Nat: n. ser., 3: 72 (1868). en athe ak ee ee 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 177 STIPULES delicate, membranous, translucent, often appressed to the stem and seemingly a part of it, fugacious, ovate-oblong, rounded at apex, .4—-2 cm. long, without keels. PEDUNCLES about same thickness as stem, 1-9 cm. long. SprKkes with 2-8 whorls, not crowded at anthesis, sometimes moniliform; in fruit 1-2 cm. long, and about .8 em. thick. FLowxErs sessile or on short pedicels up to .5 mm. long; apie connective greenish, a ae or elliptical, (1.2—) 1.4-1.9 (-2.3) mm. wide, claws .7-1.3 mm. long; anthers (.7—) .9-1.2 (-1.3) mm. long. Faas jue rounded on the back and at base, sides plump when nee, (2.3- ) 2.5-2.7 (-3) mm. long (excluding beak), (1.7-) 2 Te —2.3) mm. wide; beak usually prominent, up to .7 mm. Fits keels rounded or none; exocarp usually gray-green or pbuh endocarp with rounded keels, beak linear, facial, out .6 mm. long, loop solid; apex i seed pointing toward the basal end. Plants characterized by erous, ovate, perfoliate, submersed leaves, with delicate weakly-nerved focneece stipules. Two varieties differing only in size but strongly marked as to their extreme variation Stem 1-2 mm. in diameter; leaves 1.5-3 cm. wide, 11-21 nerves, 5-7 of them conde nn MAE ss chcges ot bees Se aa 13a. var. typicus. Stem .4—1.5 mm. in diameter; leaves .5-2 em. wide, 7-17 nerves, 1-5 of heats prominent eta ts PRE A Sa ee eV 13b. var. bupleuroides. 13a. P. perrouiatus L. var. typicus tee Pas L. ie Pl. 1: 126 (1753); Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: 33 (1893), in small part; Graebn. in aaa Planseny ry eat 11: 92 (1907), in part; Taylor, m. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 22 (1909), in small part; Hagstr., oa ig oe Pot. 254 (916). P. perfoliatus var. ae cilis Am. auth., art; perhaps C. & S8., Linnaea 2: 190 (1827). Spirillus ectoheiins Nieuwl., Am. Mid. 13 Rivers and lakes, southern Labrador, Quebec, and New Brunswick. Map 16. Eurasia, northern rica, Australia. The following are referred here: LaBRapor: Blanc Sablon R., Straits of Belle Isle (also on the Quebec side of the river), Ferna d, Wiegand & Long 27348; Blane Sablon R., Straits of Belle Isle, Pernali & Wiaaail 2450. QUEBEC: Blane Sablon K., Brest, Saguenay Co., St. John 90087; Blane Sablon R., Blane ‘Sablon, Saguenay Co., Lewis 130397; Lac Pleureuse, Gaspé Co., Fernald, Dodge & Smith 25421; L’'lle Plate, Longueuil, near Montreal, Victorin 20454. New Brunswick: Kennebecasis R., Lakeside, Kings Co., Svenson & Fassett 933. 13b. P. perroutiatus L. var. BUPLEUROIDES (Fernald) Farwell P. bupleuroides Fern., Ruoopora 10: 46 (1908); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 258 (1916). 2P. crispus sensu Darlington, F'. Cestr. 178 Rhodora [May 23 eet not L., BD. Ph, .22<126:(1753). s perfoliatus sensu Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 33 (1893), in great part; sensu Ceasbr: in ack Pflanzenr. “ fam. 11: 92 (1907), in ale sensu Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: 1: 22 (1909), in part. P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides foe. nes Mid. Nat. 8: 264 (1923). Brackish or fresh ponds and quiet rivers, Newfoundland to Florida, west to Ontario, Ohio, and Louisiana, common only in the northeastern part of its range. Map 17. Also Guatemala (Lake Atitlan, 1906, C. M. Barber) and probably elsewhere in Central America. The following are selected from a large series of specimens: NEWFOUNDLAND: Killigrew’s, Conception Bay, Avalon Peninsula, Fernald & Wiegand 4484; Holyrood, gle 3 Schrenk 207 (G, TYPE of P. bupleuroides, C, F, M, NY, US, sotypes); near Frenchman’s Cove, Bay of Islands, M Hehe & Csiseoh 10049; St. Georges, Fernald, Wiegand & Kittredge 2461; Highlands P. peer — 661; Topsail, Williamson 472. St. PIERRE ET Mique Mig uelon, Louis Arséne 40 & 48. QUEBEC: Percé, Victorin, teak Rolla nd & Rousseau 17286; Newport, Gaspé Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 44467; Dart- mouth R., Gaspé Co., Co llins, Fernald & Pease 5578; Saint- Augustin, ‘Portneuf Co., Victorin, Rolland & Jacques 33879; St. Lawrence R. , st. Vallier, Bellechasse Co. , Svenson & Fassett 3031; Ile Plate, St. Lawrence R., Longueuil, 'Victorin 8178 & — near Ottawa, Victorin 1 10104. MAGDALEN IsLaNps: Cap-aux- Meules, Ile de ’Etang-du-Nord, Victorin & Rolland P9924; Etang-du-Nord wharf, Grindstone Island, Fernald, Long & St. John 6771. Prince Epwarp ISLAND: Tignish John Macoun Svenson & Fassett 932; Nipisiquit R., Bathurst, Gloucester Co., Blake 5483; St. John R., Westfield, Kings Co., Fernald 1610 & 1611; also ene 2148; ’ Bass i, Kingston, Aug. 13, 1874, J. Fow Nova Scotia: South Ingonish, Cape Breton Island, Nichols 694; Mira Bay, Cape Breton Island, Macoun 20756; Bevis Brook, Port Bevis, Victoria Co., Fernald & Long 19694; Salmon R.., Truro, Colchester Co., Bean & White 19696: Truro, cn rr Co. , Prince & Atwood 1405; Port ow Shelburne Co., ernald & Long 23143; Midway (Centreville) L., Centreville, Di gby Co., Graves & Linder 19693; Sable Island, St. John 1124. Maine: Mattawamkeag L., Island Falls, Aroostook Co., Sept. 7, 1897, Fernald; also Pease & Hopkins 22692; also Steinmetz 374; Pushaw P., Glenburn, Penobscot Co. , Ogden & Steinmetz 1544; Bradley, July 29, 1905, Ora Knight; Souadabscook Stream, Hampden, Penobscot Co., Fernald & Long 12392; Eagle L., Piscataquis Co., Ogden 1701; Indian P., St. Albans, Somerset 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 179 Co., E. C. & E. B. Ogden 2008; South Paris, Oxford Co., 1897, Furbish; Roque Bluffs, Washington Co., Aug. 6, 1932, Knowlton; Mt. Desert I., Hancock Co., many collectors; Winterport, Waldo Co., Rossbach 77; Thomaston, Knox Co., Aug. 15, 1913, FE. B. Chamberlain; also Aug. 14, 1915, A. H. Norton; Sheepscot R.., Alna, Lincoln Co., Fassett 456; Sydney, Kennebec Co., Fernald & Long 12391; Topsham, Merrymeeting Bay, Sagadahoc Co., Steinmetz 526; Scarboro, Cumberland Co., Fellows 4679; Old Orchard, York Co., Fernald 1612; also Chamberlain & Knowlton 571; also Parlin 1073; also Fellows 2966. New HAMPSHIRE: Connecticut R., Northumberland, Coés Co., Pease 12143; Mel- vin, Merrimack Co., Aug. 15, 1904, M. A. Day; also Sargent 29; Rye Beach, Rockingham Co., Aug. 24, 1886, Walter Deane; mith R., Danbury, Merrimac Co., Aug. 23, 1933, Charles Bullard; Rollinsford, Hodgdon 11. Vermont: Maidstone, Essex Co., Sanford 1225; Willoughby L., Aug. 31, 1917, E. J. Winslow; Missisquoi R., Swanton, Franklin Co., Blewitt 4319; Missisquoi R., Sheldon, Franklin Co., Blewitt 4320; Pelot’s Bay, Lake Champlain, Aug. 2, 1899, Nellie F. Flynn; also Carpenter 6069; Winooski R., Essex Junction, Chittenden Co., Blake 2212; Winooski R., Montpelier, Washington Co., Svenson & Fassett 3040. Massacnusertrs: Chadwick’s P., Haverill, Essex Co., Harris 540; Mystic P., Medford, Middlesex Co., many dates, Morong; Fresh P., Cambridge, Middlesex Co., many collectors; Wareham, Plymouth Co., Svenson & Smith 822; Mashpee, Barn- stable Co., Fogg 3606; Tashmoo L., Tisbury, Dukes Co., Marthas Vineyard, Seymour 1027; Marthas Vineyard, McAtee 1060; Wash- ing P., Nantucket Island, Bicknell 118; also Sept. 8, 1909, J. R. Churchill; Congamond P., Southwick, Hampden Co., Seymour 267; Horse P., Westfield, Hampden Co., Markert 76909; Housa- tonic R., Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Aug. 20, 1902, R. Hoffmann. RuopeE Isuanp: Roger Williams Park L., Providence Co., July 23, 1908, 7. Hope; Little Compton, Newport Co., Sanford 10192; Wash P., Block Island, Newport Co., Fernald, Hunnewell Long 8445. Connecticut: Selden’s Cove, Lyme, New London Co., Sept. 6, 1911, EZ. B. Harger; Paton Brook, Southington, Hartford Co., Aug. 28, 1900, C. H. Bissell; Fenwick, Middlesex Co., Sept. 2, 1884, C. Wright; East Haven, New Haven Co., Blewitt 1677 & 1978; Pistapaug P., Wallingford, New Haven Co., 0, L. M. Underwood; Schroon L., Warren Co., Muen- scher & Lindsey 2728; Round L., Saratoga Co., Muenscher & Clausen 4210; n. of Canoga Marshes, Cayuga L., Seneca Co., Eames & Wiegand 9102; Riverhead, Southampton, Suffolk Co., St. John 2542. New Jersry: Mantoloking, Ocean Co., Edwards 180 Rhodora {May d- ). Nortn Carona: North Channel, Currituck Sound, Shull 456 (G, M, NY, US). Ftortpa: Apalachicola, no date, herb. Chapman (G, NY). Ontario: Almonte, July 7, 1898, July 1884, C. Mohr (S, US). Lovtstana: Chifuncte Lighthouse, Lake Ponchartrain, Aug. 16, 1838, Riddell ( US). P. perfoliatus exhibits such an amount of variation that one might suppose it to include many varieties, yet these variants grade so insensibly into each other that lines can searcely be drawn. Here, however, one*is justified in refusing to give the variants formal rank, for they are sometimes found coming from the same rhizome, or as branches of the same plant. In America, two extremes appear to deserve varietal recogni- tion. One of these, a plant sparingly found in the cooler parts of northeastern North America, cannot be distinguished from P. perfoliatus of Europe. It approaches var. gracilis C. & S., which, being based entirely on variable foliage-characters, scarcely merits recognition as a genetic entity. Our plant is considered to be var. typicus. The few specimens from North America are all sterile. The other variety in North America is a smaller plant, with slender stem and delicate leaves having few prominent nerves. It is abundant from Newfoundland to New York and fruits freely. This latter plant has been separated from P. perfoliatus as P. bupleuroides. In its typical development in the brackish ponds of eastern Massachusetts, this plant differs so strikingly in size from the robust typical variety that, were it FOE ee eee ee ee ew Ye eee eee 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 181 not for the transitional forms so common in Maine, Quebec, and New York, it might well be regarded as a separate species. In view of the fact that typical P. perfoliatus of Europe may have branches with foliage matching that of the variety bupleur- oides, and that in patches of the latter variety there may occa- sionally be found plants bearing robust leaves approaching those of the typical variety, it seems best to treat them both as variants of the same species. Any differences in the fruits of var. bupleur- oides and var. typicus of Europe are too slight and inconsistent to be used for distinguishing the varieties. The remarks of Fryer as to the variability of P. perfoliatus in Europe are of importance here: pic ssc perfoliatus has so considerable an amount of variation both in the shape and colour of the leaves that at first sight it seems easily separable ete distinct varieties, “but the examination of a good series, even of dried specimens, shows that the most extreme forms pass into one another so gradually that they are probably nothing more than states produced by local and often temporary conditions. An isolated plant growing in a newly dug clay pit afforded unusually good opportinuties for Families hei several years, and this plant changed so much in the shape, colour, and even texture of the leaves, that I am further induced to think that all ae British forms are mere states, not true varieties. When Mrs. Arber took a typical shoot of P. perfoliatus in July and kept it floating in a rain-water tub. “By October 1 most of the large perfoliate leaves had decayed and those on the new shoots were so much narrower and less perfoliate as to make it difficult to believe that they belonged to the same species.’ The work of the Pearsalls* with this species is very illuminating. Their ecological observations and experiments with plants of lakes and on those grown in tanks, led them to the conclusion that light intensity played a very great part in the shape of the leaf. However, leaf-shape was also influenced by other factors; * Alfred Fryer, Pot. Brit. Isles 41 (1900). ston ee Arber, hfe Plants 58 (1920). . H. Pearsall & W. H. Pearsall, Journ. Bot. 61: 2 (1923). “182 Rhodora [May the nature of the soil probably being the primary one. Plants on calcareous soil tended to have broader leaves than those of acid waters. In America var. bupleuwroides appears to vary ac- cording to the chemical nature of the water. Plants of brackish water invariably have small ovate leaves; those of neutral or acid waters tend to have their leaves larger and of a more elon- gate shape. HYBRIDS As nearly all Potamogeton-hybrids lack fruit and as flowers among the broad-leaved species are of slight, if any, value in distinguishing entities, it is necessary to base one’s opinions as to the probable parents on the characters of the leaves and the anatomy of the stem. It is important that both parents be found in the general vicinity of the hybrid they are supposed to have produced, though there is some question if this needs to be so, for such a hybrid may reproduce vegetatively and persist for long periods of time, sometimes, perhaps, after a parent has ceased to exist in that vicinity. Although interspecific hybrids (except P. gramineus X illinoensis) seem not to form mature fruit, they often produce pollen, some of which appears to be viable. It is suspected that in this way they backcross with the parents, producing plants which strongly simulate a given species, but show evidences of influence from some other species. In some such cases one parent can be named with assurance, the other with less confidence. In many such cases it seems wisest to correlate the plant with the species to which it shows the strongest affinity, even though in some minor details it does not agree with the normal development of the species with which it is placed. Unless this be done, the number of hybrids might be so great as to make a treatment unwieldy. It may well be that hybrids backcrossing with the parents will eventually supplant one or both parents, which will then not be found in the immedi- ate vicinity of the hybrid. . Hybrids should be considered, not as taxonomic units in them- selves, but as blends of two (or more) distinct entities. Most hybrids cannot be described, except by saying “intermediate between the parents.’ No attempt is made, except where quite obvious, to determine what variety of a species is the parent, nor is attempt made to designate which is the female and which the RRR CO = RRNA Fo rere, 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 183 male parent. For many collections both parents could not be definitely determined. Most of these are, however, cited and in some cases discussed under the hybrid that is most probable, as determined from herbarium sheets. I hope that collectors who are acquainted with some of the cited localities will observe the plants in the field, for it is among the growing plants that hy- brids can be more easily recognized and their parents determined. P. ALPINUS X NODOSUS P. alpinus X nodosus (X P. subobtusus) a Crit. Res. Pot. 147 (1916). Not P. alpinus & ameri s (X P. recti- folius) Bennett, Journ. Bot. 40: 147 (1902): ei Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 132 (1907). Not P. alpinus X americanus (X P. Faxont) Robinson & Fernald in Gray, vin " 7:73 (1908). Not P. Faxoni Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3:n 22 (1893); nor Taylor, N. Am. i 17: pt. 1: 20 (1909). Not x p Faxoni Bennett, Journ. Bot. 46: 248 eae Not P. alpinus var. Fazxoni Stevens, Ill. Guide to FL. Pl. 96 (1910). This hybrid is extremely difficult to recognize for seldom are both parents obvious and the stem-anatomy of the two is so similar that it is of little help except to exclude from the parent- age all species with dissimilar anatomy of the stem. Hagstrém cites but one specimen, which, then, is the type of X P. subob- tusus: ‘Nov. Ebor.’, E. Tuckerman Jr (hb. Upps.).”” Material in the Gray Herb. and New York Bot. Gard. Herb., which is probably isotypic, may well be this hybrid; both are mixed with typical P. alpinus var. tenuifolius. Other collections which may be this hybrid are: New York: in a canal or raceway at Niagara Falls, Aug. 21, 1886, Morong (G); Niagara R., Aug. 23, 1886, Coville (US); Normans Kill, Kenwood, C. H. Peck 2 (US). P. ALPINUS X GRAMINEUS ?P. alpinus * gramineus (X P. nericius) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 145 (1916). No American specimens can be cited that are undoubtedly this hybrid. However, plants growing in Mattagodus Stream, Prentiss, Penobscot Co., Marne, which I studied and collected (Ogden & Wright 2342) may possibly be this hybrid. It grew in close proximity to P. alpinus v. tenuifolius and P. gramineus. It is, however, more likely to be P. gramineus X P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides; the latter species was not found in the im- 184 Rhodora [May mediate vicinity, but is plentiful in the region. Other collections that might belong here are: Churchill, Manrrosa, Polunin 2070 (C, G, this might be P. gramineus X some linear-leaved species. P. gramineus is quite obviously a parent, but there are no inter- lacunar bundles in the stem, and the reddish color suggests P. alpinus); Okanogan R., WasHincton, Sereno Watson 396 (G); Catfish L., Algonquin Park, Onrar1o, Macoun 22220 (C). Col- lections from QuEBEc: Hull Brook, Harrington 99100; Brigham’s Creek, Hull, John Macoun 85531; also Malte 118259, 118260, 118261 & 118262, may be this hybrid. P. AMPLIFOLIUS X ILLINOENSIS ?P. amplifolius X illinoensis (X P. scoliophyllus) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 164 (1916); ?x P. scoliophyllus forma barensis bid. Hagstr., ibid Hagstr6ém cites a specimen from Bear Lake, Manistee, MIcHI- GAN, collected by Morong in 1882 as the type for x P. scoliophyl- lus, and on the supposition that a form might someday be foun differing from this, further named the Bear Lake plant: forma barensis. None of the collections of Morong from Bear Lake, Manistee, Mich. that I have seen appears to be this hybrid, though both P. amplifolius and P. illinoensis are represented. agstrém reports this hybrid also from Cedar Lake, Ont. and Buckingham, Que., but cites no specimens. I have seen no specimen that I would refer here. P. AMPLIFOLIUS X PRAELONGUS Collections that may be this are: Wisconstn: Green Bay; sloughs between Halfway Slough and Bass Channel, June 29, 1890, J. H. Schuette (F); Green Bay, between Duck Creek Chan- nel and Bars Channel, nearer to the latter, July 17, 1890 (or 1899?), J. H. Schuette (F); Green Bay, June 23, 1891, J. H- Schuette (F). New York: very abundant, Southeast Bay, Saratoga L., Saratoga Co., Muenscher & Lindsay 2814b (G). ao Tinmouth P., Tinmouth, Aug. 5, 1907, G. G. Kennedy P. AMPLIFOLIUS X RICHARDSONII A collection from the north end of Tupper L., Franklin Co-, New York, Muenscher & Clausen 3784 (G), may be this hybrid. P. EPIHYDRUS Var. NvutTTALuu > PULCHER Virainia: outlet of Lee’s Millpond, Isle of Wight Co., Fernald & Long 12230 (G). 1943] Odgen,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 185 P. NATANS X NODOSUS x P. perplexus ye X natans), Benn., Trans. & Proc. Bee we Edinburgh 29: 53 (1924). Bennett considers a collection from: British CoLuMBIA: Sumas L., Chilliwack Valley, J. M. Macoun 26815 to be this hy- brid and makes it the type of & P. perplerus. It may be this, but from the three sheets in the National Museum of Canada (vyPE), the Gray Herbarium, and the New York Botanical Garden, it appears to me to be a typical P. illinoensis. P. GRAMINEUS X NODOSUS ?X P. argutulus Hagstr., Bot. Not. 106 (1908); Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 220 (1916). 2x P. argutulus formseries nodosifolius Hagstr., Bot. Not. 106 (1908); ? Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 220 916). The following may belong here: MAINE: a eens Bay, Topsham, Sagadahoc Co., Steinmetz se! (G, ME, O); Sunkhaze Stream, Milford, Penobsco t Co., Ogden & Steinmetz 1607 (Q). EW HAMPSHIRE: Goonctese i. Corsiah Sept. 2, 1886, F. H. Knowlton (US). New York: Spencer : ee Spencer, Tioga Co., Thomas 1494 (G); east shore of Hudson R., above Coveville, Washington Co., M uenscher & Lindsey 2716 (O). DistTRICT OF COLUMBIA: in the vicinity of Washington, Aug. 5, 1879, L. F. Ward (US). West Virernta: Greenbrier R., Talcott, Summers Co., Morris 1343 (F, US, possibly P. illinoensis x nodosus). P. ILLINOENSIS X NODOSUS P. alpinus X pensylvanicus Benn., Journ. Bot. 28: 301 (1890). P. Faxoni Morong, Mem. Torr. Clu b3: no. 2: 22 LET in Engler, Pace 4: fam. 11:75 (1907); Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1:20 (1909). ? P. es X rufescens Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 22 (1893). ? P. alpinus X Claytonii, Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11:75 & 132 (1907). xX P. Faxon = P. americanus X pensylvanicus Benn., Journ. Bot. 46: 248 (1908). x champlainii = P. alpinus ce penayloanicus Benn., Journ. Bot. 46: 248 (1908). xX P. Faxoni = P. alpinus X americanus Robinson & Fernald, Gray Man. ad. 7: 73 (1908). Pp. alpinus var. Faxoni Stevens, Ill. ‘Guide to Fl. Pl. 96 (1910). P. illinoensis X nodosus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 200 (1916). P.lucens X nodosus Be P; subrufus) onto Crit. Res. Pot. 241 (1916). e following are referred here: QueseEc: Ile Bizard, Adrien 1442 (G, MT). Vermont: Little Otter Creek, Ferrisburg, Aug. 10, 1880, C. E. Faxon (G, MSC, NE, NY, US, type of P. Faxoni in NY); ‘Aug. 20, 1880, C. E. Faxon (G, NE); Little Otter Creek, near Barnum’s Mill and Ferrisburg Station, Ferrisburg, Aug. 19, 186 Rhodora [May 1882, Edwin Faxon (G, NE, NY), Aug. 23, 1882, Edwin Faxon (F, G, NE, NY): Otter Creek, below Vergennes, Addison Co., Aug. 24, 1882, Edwin Faxon (NE); Otter Creek, Middlebury, Sept. 5, 1896, herb. Ezra Brainerd (G); Little Otter Creek, near Lake Champlain, Ferrisburg, Addison Co., Ogden & Bolan 1589% (G); Lewis Creek, Ferrisburg, Aug. 20, 1881, FE. & C. E. Faxon (G, US), Aug. 18, 1882, Edwin Faxon (F, G, NY, isotypes of X P. champlainii). New Yorx: Lake Champlain, Plattsburg, Aug. 19, 1885, Morong (C, G, NY); outlet of Lake Seneca, Geneva, Aug. 14, 1884, Morong (C, G, NY, cotype collection of x P. subrufus). Vrrernta: northeast part of Four-mile Run, Chesapeake Bay region, Shull 471 (G, NY, US). Mussourt: Cooley L., Clay Co., Metcalf 1055 (US). Texas: Cebelo Creek, near Boerne, Kendall Co., H. J. Palmer 12907 (G, NY, US, pos- sibly not this hybrid). Ipano: Altmas L., Evermann 490 (F;, possibly not this hybrid). P. Noposus X RICHARDSONII x P. rectifolius (americanus < alpinus) Benn., Journ. Bot. 40: 147 (1902); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 132 (1907); Robinson & Fernald, Gray Man. ed. 7: 73 (1908). P. americanus Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 19 (1909), in part. nodosus X Richardsonii Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 148 (1916). Inurnors: Railroad ditch, Stoney Island, Chicago, Sept. 14, 1900, E. J. Hill 171.1900 (NY, isotype material of X P. recti- folius), Aug. 30, 1901, Hill 179.1901 (C, isotype material of X P. rectifolius), Sept. 6, 1902, Hill 191.1902 (G), also Agnes Chase 1477 (F) & 1994 (F). Orecon: Sauvie’s Island, Thomas Howell 1497 (US). P. EPIHYDRUS X NODOSUS ? P. americanus X pensylvanicus Benn., Journ. Bot. 46: 250 (1908); not Benn., Journ. Bot. 46: 248 (1908). P. nodosus X Nuttallii (X P. subsessilis) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 190 (1916). Bennett mentions “. . . specimens gathered in New York and eastern Massachusetts by the late Dr. Morong . . - e and Hagstrém cites what may be the same Massachusetts col- lection. From Hagstrém’s description and an examination of the specimens, it is obvious he refers to Morong’s collection from Winchester, Massacuuserts, Sept. 1, 1880 (NY), Aug. 8, 1881 (C, NY), Aug. 29, 1881 (G, 2 sheets, one mixed with P. nodosus) which is quite probably this hybrid. P. GRAMINEUS X NATANS ? P. natans X gramineus (X P. sparganifolius) Hagstr., Crit- Res. Pot. 197 & 217 (1916). : 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 187 Hagstrém cites: Pine Plains, New York, Hoysradt. What may be the same collection appears to me to be P. gramineus. P. GRAMINEUS X ILLINOENSIS P. Proteus Zizii C. & §., Linnaea 2: 201 (1827), in part. P. gramineus var. ? spathulaeformis Robbins in Gray, Man., ed. 5: 487 (1867); not sensu Fern., Ruopora 23: 190 (1921), nor Ruopora 35: 130 (1933). P. heterophyllus forma maximu Morong, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 3: no. 2: 25 (1893), in sone P. spathulaeformis Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 26 (1893); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr., 4: fam. 11:91 (1907), as P. spathu- liformis. P. spathaeformis Tuckerm. in es opie in Gray's Man. ed. 5: 487 (1867), as a synonym; , Journ. Bot. 130 (1900). xX P. spathaeformis Fern., ES 8: 294 (1906) ; Robinson & Fern. in Gray, Man., ed. "1: 74 (1908). P. varians Fryer, Journ. Bot. "97: 308 (1889), as to American specimens. ? P. Zizit var. porrectifolius Benn. ex Graebn. in Engler, Pflan- zenr. 4: fam. 11: 83 (1907). ? P. Zizit var. gracilis Benn. ex. Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 838 (1907). ? P. gramineus X i (X P. spathuliformis) Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: day ne 136 (1907). P. angustifolius Taylor, N. Am. Fl. 17: pt. 1: 18 (1909), in part. Spirilus Zizii Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 17 (1913), in part. P. illinoensis gs lucens (x P. pseudolucens) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 199 (1916). P. gra- mineus X illinoensis (X 'P. de minutus) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 209 (1916). P. gramineus X illinoensis X lucens (X P. pseudo- Ziziit) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 210 (1916). P. gramineus X lucens (X P. Zizii) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 210 (1916). xX P. Zizii forma pulcherrimus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 214 (1916). P. angustifolius of Am. auth., in part; not Bercht. & Presl, Rostlin 2: Alismac. 19 $ (1eaiy P. Zizii of Am. auth., in part; not M. &. K. in Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 845 (1823); nor Koch ex Roth, Enum. Plant. Germ. 1: 531 (1827). Of the numerous collections, the following may be mentioned: Vermont: Lake Champlain, Alburgh, Aug. 22, 1885, Morong (NY, isotype of X P. Zizii forma i Sane Windmill Point Reef, Alburg, Grand Isle Co., Muenscher, Manning & Maguire 73 (F); Lake Bomoseen, Castleton, Oct. i, 1898, W. W. type of P. gramineus var. cade eran. G, isotype); Meelis P., Medford, Oct. 8 & Sept. 24, 1865, some sheets without date, Robbins (G, MS SC, NY, cotype material of P. gramineus Var. spathulaeformis) ; also July 10, 1879 (G), wy, 25, 1879 (G, NY), Aug. 5, 1879 (NY), Aug, li, 1879 (F, NY), Sept. 1, 1879 (NY), Sept. 15, 1879 (F, NY), Aug. 5, 1881 (MSC, NY), July Septem- ber (C), all by Morong; also July 27, 1880, E. . E. Fax 188 Rhodora [May (G, US); Fresh P., Cambridge, Sept. 5, 1853, Sept. 27 and Oct. 24, 1865, herb. Wm. Boott (G); also Sept. 21, 1867, Robbins (NY); also Aug. 1876 (F), July 25, 1879 (F, NY), Aug. 2, 1879 (US), July 13, 1880 (MSC) and Sept. 14, 1886 (NY), Morong; also Sept. 17, 1880, C. E. Faxon (G); Pleasant P., Wenham, Sept. 13, 1880, E. & C. E. Faxon (C, F, G, NY, US); also Sept. 9, 1881, Morong (NY); also E. C. & E. B. Ogden, 1762 (O). CONNECTI- cut: Lake Saltonstall, Sept. 22 & 23, 1880, EH. Faxon (G, US). New York: Cossayuna L., Washington Co., Muenscher & Lindsey 2786 (F, G); Perch L., Jefferson Co., Muenscher & Maguire 1684 (G); Lake Champlain, s. of Fort Ticonderoga, ssex Co., Muenscher, Manning & Maguire 75 (F); Junius, near Geneva, Bazter 5399 (US); Phillips P., Junius, Seneca Co., Eames & MacDaniels 3463 (G); Pine Plains, L. H. Hoysradt (G). Ontario: McKay’s L., near Ottawa, Malte 118258 (G, V); cove above Grass Creek Island, 7 miles below Kingston, Frontenac Co., Pennell 16333 (NY). Mucuican: Crystal Falls, Iron Co., Metcalf 2253 (US) & 2256 (G, US); Pine L., Ingham Co., 1893, C. F. Wheeler (C, mixed with P. illinoensis); Cassidy L., near Chelsea, Washtenaw Co., Hermann 9294 (NY). INDIANA: Grassy Creek, near Tippecanoe L., Scovell 37 (US); bed of inlet to Gage L., Steuben Co., June 17, 1903, C. C. Deam (NY); e. side of Lake James and w. side of Pokagon State Park, Steuben Co., Deam 56587 (G); Fletcher L., near Fulton, Fulton Co., Deam 56524 (G); Lake Maxinkuckee, Evermann 544a (US). WiscoNn- stn: Green Bay near Suamico’s shore, July 11, 1886, J. H. Schuette (G); n. side of Puckaway L., Green Lake Co., Uhler & M cLaugh- lin 375 (F, G) & 1091 (US). Mrnnesorta: Green L., Chisago Co., July 1892, B. C. Taylor (NY); Pelican L., Koochiching:Co., Metcalf 1582 (G, US); Deep L., Cass Co., Metcalf 2373 (US); Snail L., Ramsey Co., Oosting 28164 (NY). Iowa: Armstrongs Grove, Aug. 1881, R. I. Cratty (NY). Nepraska: West Chain L., Thomson 73b (US); Dewey L., Tolstead 616 (G). IDAHO: Priest L., MacDougal 304 (C, NY); also Piper 3761 (G, NY, US); Pend Oreille L., Bonner Co., Muenscher 10208 (G, O) & 10212 ratU Eh gesean Montezuma Well, Jackson 52 (US); also Taylor P. GRAMINEUS X RICHARDSONII (1924). _ The following appear to be this hybrid: OnTarto: Lake Nipis- sing, Chitty 265 (G). Micuican: St. Mary’s R., Sault Ste. Marie, 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 189 EK. J. Hill 133.1881 (C); northwest end of Brevort L., ree Mackinac Co., Ogden & Bolan 1681 (G, O); Detroit R, Oct. 4 1892, Farwell 4780 (G); also Aug. 25, 1892, Farwell (G); also Oct. 4, 1892, Farwell (NY). Iturnots: Wolf L., Chicago, Agnes Chase 1718 (F): also June 10, 1911, Earl E. Sherff (F). ALBERTA: Indian Graveyard, Peace R., Wood Buffalo Park, Rawp 1547 (C, NY). Conorapo: Carleton L., near Grand L., Shear & Bessey 53833 (NY). BritisH Coiumsra: Griffin Li; Macoun 4179 (C, G, isotypes of & P. subdentatus @ petiolatus) ; Sumas Sy M. Macoun 26816 (C, type of P. Hagstrémii, G, NY, isotypes). P. GRAMINEUS X PERFOLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES ? eo abe sensu Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 3: no. 2: 34 (1893). mineus var. spathulaeformis sensu Fern., Ruopora 23: 190 “(1921) and Pee i 35: 131 (1933); not Robbins in Gray, Man. 5: 487 (1867). X P. nitens var. subgramineus f. restrictus Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 223 (1916). Xx P. subnitens Hagstr., i (1916). The following are referred here: NEWFOUNDLAND: Highlands Brook above bridge, Crabbes, Kennedy 78 (G); Otter P., Brig Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss 27341 (F, probably backcrossed with P. gramineus) ; also 27342 (G, prob- ably backcrossed with P. gts eus). QuEBEC: Matane R., Matane, Matane Co., Aug. 5 1904, Forbes 156 (C, G, one sheet of this collection in G is rather typical Fr. perfoliatus var. bu- pleuroides); Riviére Ouest, Gaspé Co., Vzctorin, Rolland & Jacques 44459 (G, MT); Tle du ae Iles de Boucherville, St. Lawrence R., Victorin & Rolland 44738 (F, G); aor ae St. Lawrence R., Rousseau 20444 (G); also 20445 (G, US, V); Ile Plate, St. Lawrence R., Longueuil, Chambly Co., Viclrn 8176 (G); also stan (C, G); also © Rolland ‘wirie (C, F, G); Il Verte, St. Lawre ., Longueuil, Chambly Co., Rolland 13867 yee “ako 13368. an “also 43376 (G); also 43378 (G); also 2 (F, G); Lac Aylmer, Wolfe Co., Louis-Marie, Laporte & putea 301 (G). ANTICOSTI: Becscie R., Macoun 2983 (C); Salt Macoun 2986 (C). New Brunswick: St. John R., Ingleside, Westfield, Fernald 1609 (G); Hammond R., Hammond, Kings Co., Svenson & Fassett 3025 (G); Jacquet R.., ‘Restigouche Co., Svenson & Fassett 3030 (G); St. John R.., Lincoln, Sunbury Co, ; Fassett 2161 (G); gered, July 30, 1892, J. Fowler (US): Campbellton, Aug. 26, 1905, J. Fowler (US). Nova Scotia: “plaster hole lake’? near Danes Cape Breton Island, Nichols 1037 (G); Shinimikas R., Northport, Cumberland Co., Fassett 2150 (G); Midway (Centreville) L., Centreville, Digby Co., Graves & Linder 19691 (G, perhaps ‘backcrossed with P. gra-~ mineus). Matne: St. John R., Madawaska, Aroostook Co., July 28, 1893, Fornell (G, NE, NY); Pushaw P., Oldtown, Aug. 21, 190 Rhodora [May 9, L. H. Harvey (US); Pushaw P., Glenburn, Penobscot Co., Deak Sie week % (G, 0); Pushaw P,, Hud son, Penobscot Co., Ogden & Steinmetz 2195 (ME, QO); Mattagodus Stream, Brontize, Penobscot Co., Stecnmetz a (G, ME, O, possibly P. alpinus X prawns); also Ogden & Wright 2342 (ME, O, possi- ly P. alpinus X gramineus). New Rata eee Connecticut R. Walpole, Fernald 440 (G); mouth ‘of brook, Melvin, Sargent 31 (G). ont: Winooski R., Essex x Junction, Blake 2216 (US); Conileetiout R., Brattleboro, 1865, C. C. Frost (G). MassacHu- seTrs: Wenham P. , Sept. 13, 1880, Edwin Faxon (C, G, NY, US, see next citation) ; also Sept. 5, 1882, Edwin Fazon (G, NY, type collection of X P. subnitens; some of the Wenham Pond collec- ions appear to be this hybrid, probably backcrossed with perfoliatus var. bupleuroides; some cannot be distinguished from ecological forms of P. lana var. veaigiy hy CoNNECTI- cut: Taunton P., Newtown, E. H. Eames 11733 (G); Beardsley Fy Hp a E. H. ce 11741 (G, Sonate not this hybrid). New York: Hudson R., Mechanieville, Rensselaer Co., Muen- scher & Lindsey 2770 (G) & 2865 (G, O); Myers Pt., Cayu ga L., Aug. 13, 1884, herb. W. R. Dudley (NY); Old en ‘Conia near South Oxford, July 1, 1886, F. V. Coville (US); Chemung R. near Wellsburg, Lucy 1 0843 (F); Chenango R., Brisben, June 28, 1887, F. V. Coville (US); slow stream, 4% mi. s. of the Jefferson Co. line, on lg No z. n. W. ts Sandy Creek, Oswego Co., Ogden & Bolan 1578 (G, QO). w JERSEY: river-edge above Phillipsburg, Taly 23, 1886, T. o Poet (NY). PENNSYLVANIA: near Easton, Sept. 8, 1868, T. C. Porter (F). Vrrernta: Dyke, Fairfax Co., Metcalf & Sperry 1684 (US). Ontario: Almonte, oa at c 7, 1806, J. Fowler (F, G); Missinaibi R., J. M. Macoun ais cross is between species of relatively unrelated subsections and the progeny are extremely variable and often very odd. As with most hybrids among the broad-leaved species of Potamogeton, no description can be given that is both inclusive and limiting. The hybrid must be distinguished as an intermediate between the two parents. It often appears with floating leaf-blades tapering gradually into the petiole and with clasping submersed leaves having sharp-pointed apices. Mature fruit is unknown in interspecific crosses, but may occasionally appear in back- crosses. The anatomy of the stem shows a blend between the two parents, presenting all the possible combinations with a trio- type or oblong-type of stele, O-cells or U-cells in the endodermis, and cortical bundles present or absent. Next to P. gramineus X illinoensis, this is probably the most frequent Potamogeton- } 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 191 hybrid in North America. It is one of the easiest to recognize. The nearest approach to it is P. gramineus X Richardsonii which can usually be distinguished by its coarser stipules. P. GRAMINEUS X P. sp. P. angustifolius var. methyensis Benn., Journ. Bot. 29: 151 (1891). P. Zizii var. methyensis Benn. i n Macou n, Cat. Can. PI. 370 (1890); Graebn. in Engler, Phausent. 4: fain. 11: 83 (1907). ‘A yay oe Benn., Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 29: 50 Methye L., near Methye Portage, meter noe July 18, 1888, J. M. Macou n 4178 (C, rypx of P. methyensis). A number of collections are hybrids with Pr gramineus quite evidently one of the parents. Among these is the Methye Lake plant upon which P. methyensis is based. From the single sheet seen by me I cannot determine the other parent. P. illinoensis might seem a good guess, but it is not reported so far north. P. alpinus and P. Richardsonii abound in the region, but Iam unable to see marked influence of either of these species. Hagstrém may not have seen this collection; at least he mentions the name only in the index to his Critical Researches. He is, however, re- ferring to it (among others) when he says, “. . . but many Zizii-like North American plants are not at all this hybrid, but of another origin, and great carefulness is necessary when con- sidering these difficult forms.’”! P, ILLINOENSIS X RICHARDSONII INDIANA: Bass L., Starke Co., Aug. 7, W. S. Blatchley (Deam). P. ILLINOENSIS X PERFOLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES ? x P. subdentatus « sessilis Hagstr., Crit. ee Pot. 201 (1916); not X P. subdentatus @ petiolatus Hagstr. s New York: Bie hg Bay, rae 12264 ic, U8); Onondaga L., Aug. 1, 1890, L. M. Underwood (NY). FLoripa: Apalachicola, herb. 1 aaa (G, NY, US);mouth of Choctawhachee R., June 18, 1880, C. Mohr (US). AuaBaMa: estuary of Mobile R., fely 22) 1884, C. Mohr (US). Hagstrém cites a specimen from Queenston, ONTARIO (without mentioning collector’s name and date), which he considers to be P. illinoensis X perfoliatus. I have not seen this collection. } Hagstrém, Crit. Res. Pot. 216 (1916). 192 Rhodora [May The collection from Griffin L., Bririsa Cotumsta, which he also cites as having these parents, is P. gramineus X Richardsonii. P. ILLINOENSIS X P. sp. s a peculiar form of P. natans,’’ Morong, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 13: 145 (1886). P. tonsa Small, Fl. Se. U. § 37 and 1326 (1903); Benn., Journ. Bot. 45: 376 (1907); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 62 (1907). ? P. Tepperi Benn., oe Bot. 45: 373 ay oad in Engler, hein jones 4; fam. 2 (1907). : ently an immature f P natans, Taylor, N. Peg TL. 17: 28.1: 16 (1909). “prob- ably belonging to the group Amplifolii,” Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot 268 (1916). Fioripa: Blackwater R., May A. H. Curtiss (NY, TYPE and isotype of P. Wontaaiien): ae June 22, 1886, Curtiss (NY). Further collections and perhaps a study of the living plants will be needed to determine the exact nature of this plant. It is possible that it is a cross between P. illinoensis and a linear- leaved species. The stem-anatomy is: stele with the proto-type pattern, endodermis of U-cells, interlacunar bundles weakly developed and only in the outer interlacunar circle, subepidermal bundles absent or weakly developed, pseudo-hypodermis present or absent. Curtiss collected in the same river, and by the dates on the sheets presumably at the same time, fragmentary bits of P. foliosus Raf. var. macellus Fern. Other linear-leaved species of Potamogeton, subgenus Ewpotamogeton, found in the general region are: P. pusillus L. (P. panormitanus Biv.), P. Berchtoldt Fieber (P. pusillus of auth., not L.), P. diversifolius Raf., and P. capillaceus Poir. None of ‘thee linear-leaved species has inter- lacunar bundles and all have O-cells in the endodermis, so if one is a parent, the other parent must possess interlacunar bundles and a U-celled endodermis. The only broad-leaved species agreeing with this would be P. illinoensis. The stelar pattern of the plant in question leads me to consider P. pulcher as a possible parent, though it lacks interlacunar bundles and has an O-celled endodermis. In such case, the only linear-leaved species that can be considered to be the other parent is P. pectinatus, in the subgenus Coleogeton; it being the only linear-leaved species iD the region with interlacunar bundles and with U-cells in the endodermis. It is possible that the plant is a pronounced ec0- 1943] _Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 193 logical form of P. Oakesianus or P. natans, neither of which has been otherwise found within 600 miles of Florida. P. PRAELONGUS X RIcHARDSONII MicuiGcan: Saulte Ste. Marie, Aug. 4, 1881, #. J. Hill (US). Uraun: Fish L., Sevier Co., Tanner 5786 (F). P. PERFOLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES X RICHARDSONII It is reasonable to suppose that the two closely related species, P. Richardsonii and P. perfoliatus, would hybridize rather freely where their ranges overlap. Such appears to be the case, for these species remain quite recognizable (though exhibiting much ecological variation) throughout their separate ranges, but where these ranges overlap, all intergradations occur. One might consider the entities that bridge the narrow gap to be those from which the two species have evolved were it not that such plants are always sterile and often exhibit other evidences of hybridism. Such plants occur in Quebec, northern Maine, New Hampshire, and are especially abundant in New York. They occasionally occur elsewhere. Although the evidence is strongly in favor of numerous hybrids between P. Richardsonii and P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides, it is practically impossible to be sure of this with individual collections, for ecological or other conditions of growth might cause a simulation of this in either of these closely related species. For this reason, no collections are cited. P. BERCHTOLDI X PERFOLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES non-stratified O-cells; interlacunar and subepidermal bundles absent, or with a few weakly developed subepidermal ones; pseudo-hypodermis 1 cell thick. Lzaves all submersed, delicate, oblong to oblong-linear, .5-4 cm. long, .2-.6 cm. wide; nerves 3-7; sessile and cuneate at base, semi-clasping; apex obtuse or acutish, but not sharp-pointed; margin entire (with 1-celled denticles on the Nantucket specimen) ; lacunae of 1 or 2 rows of cells each side of the midrib, commonly with a pair of glands at the base. StrPuEs delicate, more or less persistent, ovate-oblong, rounded at apex, .3-1.5 cm. long, without keels. PspuNcLES about same thickness as stem, sometimes slightly incrassate, 1-4 cm. long. SPrkes with 1-4 whorls, not crowded at anthesis; in flower .2-.5 | 194 Rhodora [May m. long, .2-.3 em. thick. FLowers sessile; sepaloid connectives Seon, blades orbicular or elliptical, 1-1. 8 mm. wide, claws . 8 mm. long; anthers .7-1 mm. long. Mature Fruits unknown. Immature fruits obovate, about 9 mm. long (excluding beak) and .8 mm. wide; beak prominent, about .5 mm. long, curved toward the back; keels none; exocarp greenish; seed aborted, apex pointing toward basal end. Winter Bups abundantly produced late in the season, mostly near the rhizome, with leaves appressed to the shortened axis, or tightly appressed for about half their length and with the upper halves strongly divergent; basal glands prominent and forming adventitious roots. P. mysticus Morong, Bot. Gaz. 5: 50 (1880); Mem. ea oo“ 3: no. 2: 34 (1893); Graebn. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4: fam. 11: 95 (1907); Robinson & Fern. in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 75 p08), with suggestion that it is ‘(probably a hybrid” of P. bupleuroides (perfoliatus var. bupleuroides) and P. pusillus (Berchtoldi); Tay- lor, N. Am. FI. 17: pt. 1: 22 (1909), “apparently a depauperate form” of P. perfoliatus, and ‘‘may be a hybrid’; Britton in t. & Brown, Ill. Fl. 1: 80 (1913) “apparently a depauperate form? of P. perfoliatus and “Perhaps a hybrid.” P. bupleuroides X pusillus (X P. mysticus) Hagstr., Crit. Res. Pot. 259 (1916). In brackish water, Maine, Massachusetts, and Maryland. The following are referred here: MAINE : Dunston Marshes, Searboro, Sept. 20, 1920, A. H. Norton; Stuart Brook, West Scarboro, Scarboro, Cumberland Co., Steinmetz & Marston 539, Plantae Exsiccatae Grayanae 905; also Steinmetz 617; also Ogden, Rollins & Wiggins 1731; Lily P., Fortune Rocks, Biddeford, Sept. 3, 1899, G. G. Ken nedy. Massacnusetts: Mystic P., Aug. 13 and Sept. 3, 1865, Wm. Boott; Mystic P., Medford, on several dates in 1879, 1880, and 1881 by Morong and the Fazons; Miacomet P., Nantucket, ‘July 13, 1887, Morong. MaryYLAND: near Ocean City, H. L. Clark 6 This interesting hybrid was seiecth) first collected by Wm. Boott in Mystic Pond (now called Mystic Lakes) in 1865. In 1879 Morong found the plant still there, and in 1893 wrote, “Since I obtained this . . . in 1879, I have visited the locality for several years in succession, and, though I have always found the plant growing vigorously, yet it has shown no signs 0 prefecting [sic] fruit.”! In the summers of 1935, ’36 and ’37 I searched the Mystic Lakes carefully for it without success. The town of Medford extends only into the lower lake where P. per- foliatus var. bupleuroides now abounds. In this lower lake n° 1 Morong, Mem, Torr. Club, 3: no. 2: 35 (1893), 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 195 P. Berchtoldi was seen, but there is in the middle lake, now separated from the lower by a dam, a flourishing patch of P. Berchtoldi var. tenuissimus. This var. of P. Berchtoldi was found with the hybrid at Scarboro, Maine, and it appears safe to designate this variety as one of the parents of the Mystic Lakes and Scarboro plants. Whether it is this variety of P. Berchtoldi which is a parent of the other specimens cannot be said. A search at the Scarboro locality, where the plant thrives in abund- ance, failed to reveal any mature fruits, although flowering spikes were plentiful. One of the most striking characteristics of this plant in the latter part of the season is its abundance of winter buds. In its morphological characters as well as its stem- anatomy this hybrid is intermediate between the supposed parents. EXPLANATION OF PLATES Piate 746. FRuirs OF POTAMOGETON (all X 5) LPINUS Var. yar tae ee F1Gc. 1, Maine, Fernald 117; ria. 2, Newfound- iad ‘Kennedy sey a. 3, basa ee we 2172. er Sv area LLIPTICUS: FIG. 4, e, Sept. 5, 1894, Fernald; Fic. os Quebee, Fernald, Long & St. nine 6766 gue iy 6, New York, House ne pec Fias. 7, 8, 9, Sitch gym ge Fernald & Wiegand 4467. P. AMPLIFOLIUS: 10, Ohio, ’Goodric h 209; Fics. 11 & 12, New York, Muenscher & Magu e 723 (12 with mesocarp removed) ; FIG. 13, Ontario, Aug. 19, vlontns Fowler, P. puLcuEr: Fic. 14, Rhode Island, Fernald, Long & Torrey 8444; Fic. 15, Mussachieetia, July 1887, Morong; Fics. 16, 17, Manachiiastis, June 16, ‘1878, C with pene remov: P. Noposus: FIG. sot hig + sota, Hotchkiss & Jones 480; r1a. 19, Connecti- cut, 1845, Robbins; 20, ‘Wisconsin, July 28, 1891; Fie. 21, District of Columbia, Sept. 25, 1897, Stee P. NATANS: FIG. 22, Ontario, ae & Bolan 1646; ria. 23, Minnesota, Grant & Oosting 3203; Fias. 24, 25, New York, Ogder & Bolan 1580 (25 with mesocarp removed). P. Oakes SIANUS: FIG. 26, Massachusetts, Aug. 28, 1851, Robbins; Fia. 27, uebec, Fernald, Long & St. John pete FIG. = Nova Scotia, Long ’& Linder n P. ILLINOENSIS: FIG. 30, Iowa, July 21, i883, F Cedi ria. 31, Illinois, Sept. 1881, Patterson (ryPE); Fics. 32, 33, Fl lorida, Curtiss 6692; ria. 34, Indiana, ge Sohn FIG. 35, New York, R. Hitche MINEUs: FIG. 36, Was hington, J. W. Thom on 7589; Fic. 37, New- foundland, Fernald & Long 1210; Fria. 38, gvamend Pete if 2187. LONGUs: Fas. 39, 40, New Yo rk, Mue er & Maguire 1747 Aug. 21, 1886, Mororg; ria. 43, Quebec, Viclorin 18462; 1a. 44, Michigan, — Robbins; ric. 45, Washington, Aug. 1892, Piper; ric. 46, Montana, se oben OLIATUS Var. BUPLEUROIDES: FIG. 47, Newfoundland, Robinson P. Sechrenk "207 TYPE); FIG. 48, Maryland, Coville 118; Fic. 49, Nova Scotia, Graves & Pd ed Fig. 50, nabs , Fernald, ‘Long & "St. John 6771 Gaeaeigs removed). 196 Rhodora [May Puate 747. PoraMOGETON NATANS: CROSS-SECTION OF STEM, X 35. Camera-lucida drawing fee contente not shown) by Francis T. Horne from preparation by Edith B. Ogd LATE 748. CAMERA-LUCIDA DRAWINGS Biren carga NOT SHOWN) FROM STEMS OF POTAMOGETON SHOWING Typ Pia; 1, F; cab went x 40 (Ogd S var. BUPLEUROID detach 1105); Fra. fe ? GRAMINE 1552); Fia. 5, P. cr OLDI bang TENUISSIMUS US var. rid dei MINEUS Var. TYPICUS, X den & aor 09) FIG. 2, P. PERFOLIA- X 75 (Steinmetz 526); Fic. 3, P. noposus, X 75 a eT gden & Steinmetz x 75 (Og =. & Bolan 1644); FIG. § RFOLIATUS var. BUPLEUROIDES (XE ‘ a X PE mysticus), < 100 (Ogden, Rollins & Wiggins 1731). List of NUMBERED EXSICCATAE Abrams, L. R. 6094, 8677 natans, O241 a amplifolius. Adams, J. W. 293 amplifolius, 511 Oakesianus. Adams & Tash. 512 crisp — & Trudell. 378° cane ius drien, F. 1316 perfoliatus da idl A 1442 illinoensis x 1750 perfoliatus v ardsonii), 1809 nodosus, 1975 per- foliatus v. i ge gis er Allen, J. A. 55. sg 149, 180, 181 gramineus Anderson, J gramineus ap- 8 Ri oe 1344 natans, 1522 Richardsonii. Anderson, R. M. 118276 Richard- sonii. — & Fassett. 19349 ampli- olius Anderson, Smith & Weatherby 1166 natans. Ans Im, Bro. M. 18 natans, 20 gramineus v., 298 perfoliatus v approaching v. ma na- ee 3416 icharie 4489 nata Asati. L. 38 pulcher, 40 perfolia- tus v. bupleuroides, 41 polygoni- i 43 perfoliatus v. bupleu- roi re & Benedict. 15429, 16636 no ‘Seiie & Holway B46, B69, B403 gramineus v. Maximus. Austin, Mrs. R. M. 575, 1177 ichardsonii, 1672 natans. Bailey, L. H. 86 natans. Bai 1135 Richardsonii. 427 illinoensis. Ballard, C. A. 731 ot. D dete approaching v. Mahe Barkley, F. 783. ‘granineds 1996 gramineus v. myriophyllus, 1997 is” yar omy axter, S. 5382 praelongus, 5385 Riel chardsonii i, 5388 crispus, 5389 nodosus, 5391 illinoensis, 5392 us, 2395 natans, 5396 1 il- linoensis, 5399 gramineus illino- ensis, 5402 illinoensis, 5403 ampli- — & White. 19675 natans, 19696 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, gr X1 ’ 22963 alpinus v. tenuifolius. Bebb, R. illinoensis, 995 na- tans, 1007 illinoensis (perhaps gramineus _ illinoensis), 1 natans, 1009 praelongus, 1538 il- linoensi Beetle, A. A. ‘aes Richardsonii, 2341 gramineu Bell, R. 2968 amplifoius Benson natans, 4013 gramineus Bergman, H. F. 443 gramineus, 2484 ~~. E. Berkle 1215 crispus, 1387 a Be . A. B & D2781 alpinus v. de reds Bicknell, E. P. 91 gramineus, 92 illinoensis, 112 Oakesianus, 118 iatus v. bupleuroides, 122 raelongus. Biltmore Herbarium. 688 Rich- ardsonii, 4413a illinoensis, 58068 1943} Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 197 et pe 5980a pulcher, 8806b ain, 935 nodosus, 938 no gramineus, 940 Richardsonii, 941 Bissell, C. H. 633 natans ties tml 972 praelongus, 978 Bissell & Linder. 19678 natans, 19692 gramineus, 19695 perfoliatus vy. bupleuroides. Blake, BS. F. 2212 a v. bu- ardsoni i, 3071 gra mineus folitus ¥. ae, ait 9472 cris- Biakiey; O. W. 1453 pulcher Blewitt, A. E. 632 amplifolius, 1677 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 1977 gression’ ‘1978 nantomatn Vv bupleuroides, 2137 Richardsonii, 3651 rfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 36 ramineus, 3657 nodosus, 4319, 4320 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oides. Bodin, J. E. 264 illinoensis. Boettcher, F. oe J. 9 pulcher. oivin 294 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 670 ‘perfoliatus v. bu- paced 1344 alpinus v. tenui- lius : ig v. subellipticus, 2139 inus y. tenu — 2446 Muinis v. subelli ine Bolander 274 illinoensie Bowman, 303 gramineus, 392 Oakesianus. Breed, Jeffre , Loveless, y, Je Philli ps, Stauffer & Stebbins 20 - 1783 gramineus, 1978 alpinus v. tenuifolius. Bridges, T. 359 natans. Brien, C. 306 nodosus. Brinkman 73 ichard- sonii, 2277, 2289, daca mtine 4541 alpinus y. tenuifo tain. 2987 avait v. maxi- us wn, H.E. 644 natans. Brown, 8. 694 ape sau Burgess. mage Boreas lder & Mu =a aches 16404 amplifolius, 16424, 16425 Richard- Burkholder & Tressler. 16888 Richardsonii. Burnham ; a egy — B.F. 389 pulcher, 112 ampli- folius 7 nodosus, 1318 en folius’ 6947 illinoensis. utler, B. T. 25 —— 255 Siete nieh atk 257, 296 g neu Butler, G. D. 142 Richardsonii. illinoensis, 1030, 1031 amplifolius, 1048 gramineus v. bare per- haps gramineus 1045 “aint 1049 Richardt 1050 praelongus, 1051, 1052 Richard- 13 praelongus. 337 gramineus v., 505 gramineus. E. B 2 nse folius, “B16 1 perfoliatis v. bupleu oides, na , 913 sericea need Arar sis natans, 1033 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides Chamberlain, GD. 1750, 1770 gramineus, 2011 alpinus v. tenui- folius, 3123 Biaburaeion v. be eo oides, 9 gramin 2240 p longus, 2276 saeitlohancs: Chamberlai Collins. 616 per- foliatus v. bupleuroides. Chamberlai Knowlton. 571 sie v. bupleuroides. Chamber. Morris. 11741 Oakesian has . cone: 1420 nodosus, 1421 Richardsontt; 1459 natans, 1466 praelongus, 1477 nodosus X Rich- ardsonii, 07 gramineus, 1710 amplifolius, 1713 gramineus X Richardsonii, 1994 nodosus X Richardsonii. Cheney, L. 8. 499 praelongus, 683 imus, 866 Rich- ardsonii, 3610 Richaeoe 4921 illinoensis. v. bupleuroides Richardson, 319 amplifolius, 328 : 2008 Richardsonii. Clark, H. L. 6 0 ade x per- foliatus v. bupleuroide Clark, H. W. 5 ampliolius, 6 il- linoensis, 10 ge ge Clements, F. 305 | 2627 nodosus, 3979 amplifolius. ements, F. E. & E. 8. 491 alpinus v. ten uifoliu Cléonique. 72351 aenlifotion: 198 Rhodora [May Clinton, oi W. 5 gramineus v. maximu Clokey, I. W. 3118 alpinus v. tenuifolius. Collins, F. 8. 300 Oakesianus, 421 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 937 amon Fernald & Pease. 401314, 5200, 5200A, 5287 gramineus, 5295 natans, 5314 _AgSeenins 5510 gra- mineus Wiyid atus v. bu- leuroides, ge alpinus v. subel- oteus nus vy. subellip- ticus, 6125 eounicain onard, H. 8. 182 natans, 318 Richardsonii Cooper, 9 gramineus, 93 amplifo gramineus v., 215 ee 260 natans, 312 prae- lon Score & Andrews. 14 gramineus. Copeland, E. B. 406 ise mineus approaching v. maximu Copelan 3482 osknsiinitis ap- cate v. myriophyllus. Corbett & Williams. 11 Richard- sonii. Cory, V. L. 8502 illinoensis, 9198 aoa 20906, 23819 illinoensis, 243 2 nodosus, 24335, 27999 il- samen, 29711 nodosus. v. bupleuroides, hes gra mineus, 1254 prae- Coville & Applegate. 44 gramin- Coville & Funston. 1244, 1278 85 gramin- eus, 1564 alpinus v. tenuifolius. ph toma & Leiberg. 224, 228 na- Conta. H.C. 1405 natans. Crandall, C.S. 2530 nodosus. Crickmay H. 5 Richardsonii. gramineus, imus. Cusick, W. C. 2484 praelongus, 2597 natans, 3620 Richardsonii. Danie , F. 683 nodosus. n,H.T. 1311 illinoensis, 1323, 3 & D2401, B & D2692 Richardsonii. 6825 gramineus v. Davis, R. : 378-W ——— . 38046 Rinhardsoes illinoensis, 49205 linoensis, 49248 il Aegon 49 68 ens 49314 amplifolius, 493 gramineu illinoensis, 49347, 49355 _ illinoensis, 3 ns, 49363, 49369, 49372, 49389 illino- ensis, atans, 49394 prae- longus, 49395 illinoensis, 4939 sciptitolios, 49402, oe illinoen- i8s:. B26 amplifolius 52334 natans, 52341 illinoensis, 52385 55176 nodosus, 55313 am 55370, 55410 illinoensis, 56274 Richardsonii, 56 illinoensis, 56398 praelongus, 56401, 56441, 56448 illinoensis, 56490 amplifolius, 56498, 56501 illinoensis, 56502 amplifolius 56524 gramineus illinoensis, “56534 dee if lig pl gramineus X inoensis, 56538, 56539 Tiieeskis, 5 41 ans, 66545 illinoensis, 56546 natans, 5 » 965 oensis, » 56686 linoensis, 56692, 56704, 56783 nodosus, 57139 praelongus, 57149 tans, 57195 illinoensis, 57259 s. an & Thomas. 3465 Richard- elamare, M. 341 ae hime ap- roachin v. bupleuroide en °D. 7051, 7132, 17893 yedieea Selm, A. W. 22 gramineus myriophyllus, 24 amplifolius suit natans, Dobbin, nde 860 Richardsonii, 863 erfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 1072 schandooull, 1112 illinoensis, 11a amplifolius, 1207 nodosus, iittaceraia, 1327 Richardsonii, 1328, 1330 natan Dodge, C. K. 4 Richardsonil, | 7 il- Sona 8 grami — 115 natans, Richardsonii, prasad 133 fig nsis ad Richardsonii, 146 Richardsonii, 147 gramineus, 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 199 153 gramineus v. maximus and Eggleston, W. W. 1 nodosus, 1655 gramineus Spprosceo v. maxi- amplifolius, 1656 Prats y. subel- mus, 154 aap gramineus X il- lipticus, 2111 Oakesianus, 9974 linoensis, TBS amineus v. maxi- ichardsonii. mus, 156 n es 2 171 set tn Ehlers, J. H. 533, 1756, 7957 172 amplifolius, 4 pean neus, praelongus. Foes fG 1038 Richardsoni Elmer, A. D. E. 2798 oe incl outt, M.T. 2145, 2258 Richard- Emig, 'W. H. 224 nodos sonii, 2490 praclongus 3296 alpinus Empain, Rousseau & "Wavean. v. tenuifolius, 3323 Richardsonii. 50925 Richardsonii. Dowell & Painter 5385 nodosus. Evans, W. H. 780 gramineus v. riggs, osus. maximus, 781 natans. Drouet, F. 3028 nodosus. Evermann, B. W. 490 perhaps il- Drouet & Richards. 3309 gra- linoensis X nodosus, 492 Richard- mineu sonii, 493 amplifolius, 544a pemare Grammoud, T. 250 nodosus, 272 gramineus X illinoensis, 1032 n illinoensis. ans, 1057 Richardsonii, 1079 Drushel, J. H. 6069 perfoliatus v. illinoensis, 1221 gramineus, 1222 bupleuroides. illinoensis, 1223 amplifolius. Dubois, A. 660 perfoliatus v. bu- Eyerdam, W. J. 1122 praleongus, pleuroides. ae gramineus, 1316 gramineus X Dudley, W. R. 18, 19 natans, 20 141 alpinus v. tenuifolius illinoensis, 2030 natans, 2201 al- 2136 Richardsonii, 2360 alpinus v. pinus v. tenuifolius, 2202 natans. tenuifolius. Eames, A.J. 1498 ramineus, 1500 Farwell, O. ay 473 gramineus, 473a gramineus Sc sertoliat atus v. bu- gramineus Richardsonii, 505 pleuroides, 3460 nodosus 3467 natans, 514 apne v. subellipticus, crispus, 9099 gramin 900 illinoensis. Eames, E.H. 8707 WMinceesia: 8746 Fassett, N. C. 8 gramineus v., 85, pulcher, elongus sp., 56 oliatus v. bupleuroides, 468 1351 illinoensis, 11485, 11502 amplifolius, 2148 perfoliatus v. bu- crispus, 11 neus XX per- pleuroides, 2150, 2151 gramineus foliatus v. bupleuroides, 11741 x v. bupleuroides, 2152 perhaps gramineus X liatus perfoliatus v. bupleuroides (thi v. bupleuroides, 11742 illinoensis, number also a linear-leaved species 11745 gramineus maximus, according to Fernald, . Am 11749, T1750 illinoensis, 11856 Acad. Arts & Sci. 17: pt. 1: 62 & crispus. 127), 3148, 4850 nodosus, 5343 al- Eames & Gershoy. 9101 Richard- pinus v. tenuifolius, 5362 ampli- ens folius, 7535 Richardsonii, 9014 Eames & Godfrey. 8685 praelong- praelongus, 9061 Richardsonii, ah ‘834 alpinus v. subellipticus. 9067, 9069 gramineus, 14262 gra- Eam & MacD aniels. 3463 gra- ineus, v. myriophyllus, 14746 ‘ pared x ieee rena 18731 illinoensis, 18803 ames, Randolph & Wiegand. akesi 11175 semana i 11181 Richard- Fassett & “Wilson. 4349 nodosus. sonii (perhaps perfoliatus v. bu- Fellows, D. W. 2006 gp pub pleuroides X Richardsonii). 2007 7 Richardson 2966, 4679 p Eames & Thomas. 3459 nodosus. foliat v. buple uroides, 43s Eames & Wiegand. 9100 Richard- Hichardsoni 5656 gramineus X sonii, 9102 perfoliatus v. bupleur- ie oides, 11162 natan ns, 11172 a mpli- Fendler, A. 132 amplifolius, 837, ns xe a7 folius, 11173 oe 1117 839 nodosus Richardsonii (perhaps perfoliatus Fern ald, M. tL. 116 gramineus ap- upleuroides Rishardeonil), proaching ¥. maximus, 117 alpinus 14535 crispus. v. tenui ror 436 gramineus v. Eaton, A. A. 335 illinoensis. maximus, ramineus per- Edwards & Clausen. 1400 perfoli- een Vv. ae euroides, pase: na- atus v. bupleuroides. tans, 477 gramineus v. maximus, 200 509 Oakesianus, 750 pulcher, 778 amineus x perfoli- rnal natans, 23131 Oakesianus, aril eo v. nec pa rnald, Bartram ng & Fas- pins 23139 fe Pa Fernald, Bartram, Long St. John. 67 ~Oakesianus 6769 perfoliatus . Be Fernald, Bis: "raven, Long & Linder. 19689 amplifolius Fernald & Collins. 327 alpinus v. subellipticus, 965 alpinus v. tenui- folius. ernald, Dodge & Smith. 25421 beens 25422, 25423, 25424 praelon F ernald & Fogg. 505, 747 Oakesi- Fer maaid. Gilbert & Hotchkiss. 27346 praelongus. Fernald & Griscom. 4295 pulcher. Fernald, Griscom & Long. 4535 toe er. rnald, Hunnewell & Lon ~~ 8443 pulcher, S445 perfoliatus v bupleuroides Fe rnald & Jackson. 11986 natans, 11987 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 11988 11989 Richardsonii —— & Linder. 19682 Oakesi- anu F ernaid & Lon 1210 ae 5977 puller, *: 747 cri , 8440 844 alpinus v. eubelli jae 12388 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 12389 nodosus, 12391, 12392 perfoliatus v. bupleuro oides, aa pulcher, 15967 perfoliatus bupleuroides, 17805 Oakesianus, 17807 perfolia- tus v. bu nat roide - 19677 natans, 19687 subellipticus, 19688 aaiiyiinething "19690 gramine- Rhodora [May bupleuroides, , 27345 gramineus, 27347 gi nem Fernald, Long & Dunbar. 26217 ove ate _— 18 polygonifolius, 26221 alpinus v. lipti ou 26222 soca gram x_ per foliatus v. bt Fear tats 26223 a. : Fernald, Long & Fogg. 1207 alpi- nus v. ienuifolius 1208 Oakesianus, 1209 gramineus v. maximus, praelongus, “1212 perfoliatus v. bu- PY canst Fernald, to ong & Nort 12382 natans, 12383, 12384 F Oalcesianus Fe d, Lon g & St. Joh 6763 natans, 6765 A locke 67 alpinus v. subellipticus, 6767, 6768 praelongus, 6770, 6771 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides. Fernald, Long & Torrey. 8444 pulcher. : ern & Pease. 3066 Oakesi- anus, 16957, 17056 gramineus, 19676 natans - 10894 natans. m 25420 alpinus bas. subellipticus. riguae a oe 477 gramineus Fernald & ‘Svenson: 744 gramine- us v. myriophyllus, es natans, 748 Oakesianus, 749 praelongus, 1 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, Fe _— & White. 19680 Oakesi- & Wiegand. 2435 natans, 2436 Oakesianus, 2443 alpinus 4a a approaching v. sube 2444 praelongus, 4478, 4479 gramineus, 4483, 4484 4485 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 14533 at Wiecas Fernald, Wiegand & Bartram. 4463 Cui vented & Fernald, Wiegand, Bartram Darlington 4477 gramineus V: maximus. Fernald, Wiegand & Darlingto”- 1943] 4461, 4462 natans, 4464, 4465 ae 4474 alpinus v. bees folius, 4475 ~ ear ot v. maximus, 476. gramineus, 4480 pets v. maxi per dese 4482 ngus. Fernald, hide gros & us V. pre pe 14084, 14085 cnc, mplifoli- us, 14087 Ri acuont = P4088 Richardsonii and oliatus v. bupleuroides, 14089 er “nies ere Wiegand & Kittredge 7 gramineus, 24 foliatus v. oe ides Fernald, ela and & poe 27348 perfoliat Fernald, Wieser Long, Gilbert af ei chkiss. vides (probably backcrossed with gramineus) tris, Roxana S. 2043 natans, Fiker, C. B. 1455 natans. Fink, B. 191 illinoensis. Fitch, A. 7778 natans. Fletcher. 2969 amplifolius, 3025, 3028 natans, 3044 Richardsonii. g 710, 1840, 2077, 2997, 3505 pulcher, 3606 perfoliatus VY. bupleuroides, 3867 akesianus, 4504 pulcher, 4934 amplifolius, 4935 ad ig 6794 nodosus, 12254 crispus Forbes, F. F. 156 eerie v. bupleuroides and gramineus perfoliatus v. ay gee ide oster, A. S. 866 natans, 1992 amplifolius Fredholm, A. 6183 illinoensis. Fulton, H. J. 970 s Garrett, A.O. 529 alpinus v. tenui- folius approaching v. subellipticus, 3958 nodosus. Gates, F.C. 258 oe 261 praelongus, 1752.2 n 0 a 10644 ‘libeoeseaks, 12217 Gauthier, R. 100 amplifolius, 135 rfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 242 amplifolius. Gillman, H. 40 Ri gee oap hn (per- sp.), 65 o . ° 661 amplifolius, 562 ‘Biskaniaont. Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 201 Gleason, H. A. & H. A. ad 166 ye 302, 310 gramine Gleason & Shobe. 176 seuplitetis: 179 natans Glendenning, R. 92616, 92617 gramineus, 92618 Richardsonii oldman, E. A oodale, Mar ciet iper 76038, 76945, Ted natans, 76948, 951 Oakesianus, 76973 gramine- a 96988 : rrioeeiats Piehs hematin x illinoensis). i 207 Richard- a 33, 677 Richard- sonii, 703 illinoensis, 781 Richard- am, E. H. 9821 nodosus. 3207 illinoensis, 3275 amplifolis, 3276 gramineus. Linder. 19681 Oakesi- s v. bupleuroides (perhaps back- crossed wit ineus), 19693 perfoliatus v. bupleuro oides. illinoensis crime, D. ‘ 6 Richardsonii. oe & Schlosser. 4 ampli- , E. J. 594 nodosus, 3255 10679 am- P0685. i 10686 gram 486 natans, 487 (this num- ii. andler. 563 alpinus v. tenuifolius. : amilton. 64010 alpinus v. tenui- folius. 327 nodosus, 367, Hanes, C. R. Sti, 397, 4 477 gramineus X sp., r amineus x 757 eee re dru 497 illinoensis, § sp., 517 illinoensis, 928 Oakesianus an Nuttallii, oe 1988 n I. er, 4 sae aoe = “maxi- 202 mus (perhaps ath <_ alpi- nus), 98, 141 Ri gt vl er, R. M. Seat (not typical), bie 2088 ty ulcher Harri , Ww. H. 2441 perfolia- tus em pip barciies, 99085 gramin- eus, 0. gramineus v. are pil ees perfoliatus ve bupleu oides, 99089 ardsonii, Harris, S. K. 539 praelongus, 540 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides Harrison, A m, A. e365 natans, 16 eam weg, T. 2016 nodosus (this number also a linear-leaved s preg ernald, Mem. Am. . 1:66 & oe ; 50 Richardsonii. U. 280° gramineus, 4131 n da. 751 Richardsonii, 752 nodosus, 804 Richardsonii, 806 nodosus, 807 illinoensis, 811 Rich- mineus, 823 natans, 10 13 Richardsonii, 10114, 10115, 10116, 10117, 10123, dosus. Haydon, W. 254n Heller, A. A. 939. nae 5824 osus. FE =] es ja -» ¥. 1007 natans, 1009 Richardsonii, 2473 illinoensis, 2474 amplifolius, 2475 eben, ae oe My 2ekeon 781 gramineus, ermann, °F. J. § 6281 praelongus, 7153, 7224 Rich- ardsonii, gramineus praelongus, 8286 gramineus, 8647 crispus, 9294 gramineus < illinoen- sis, 9383, 9728 n us Herriot, W. 78019 78020 a »E.5. 46. 54 pulshan | 92. 1888 alpinus v. baliidenn 133.1881 ichardsonii, 159.1909 nodosus 162.1900 __ illinoensis, 171, 1900, 179.1901, 191.1902 nodosus x ichardsonii. , Rhodora [May Hitchcock, A. E. 260 gramineus, us. 1000, 1099 am- plifolius, 12358 natans, 15655 no- dosus. Hitchcock, R. 11167, 11168 nodo- sus, 11175a illinoensis. Ho on, A. R. 11 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 530 Batis 40 natans, 2647 perfoliatus v. bu- pleuroides, 2652 amplifolius. Hodgdon & Heale 2977 natans. Hodgdon, a es & Har- oO folius approa pening 3 v. subellipticus, 2646 hapa tone matte 31 fine ineus Melia gram inus ‘“ “subelli ip yee weit ii, 4033 il- eben 4058 H. Ehonianue, 4059 gramineus, 4060 praelongus, 4083 ramineus, 4109 nodosus, 4110 natans, 4112 gramineus, 4133 il- linoensis. : Hot schias & Koehler. 4179 il- linoensis, 4192 amplifolits, 4193 natans, gr s, 4222, 4223, 4226, 4227 illinoensis, 4228 elongus, 4245 i nsis, 4 307 gramineus, 4326, 4331 illino- ensis, 4340 praelongus, 4349 alpi- a v. subellipticus, 4353 a mpli- olius. Hotchkiss & Martin. 4432 illino- ensis, 4460 alpinus v. subellipticus. ouse, H. D nodosus, 138 a 15193 gramineus, 19852, 20002 nodosus, 21752 am- plifolius, 21774, 22044 nodosus, 23174 gramineus. owe & _ Lang. 768 natans, 1040 gramin Howell, I ‘T. 7679 Richardsonii- chen danty 1498 lifolius, 1668 gram Huitén, EB. 7573 sane. ee " tenui- folius. 1943] Hylan, D. R. hg natans. Innes & Moon. 1093 nodosus. T. 52 gramineus Jepson, W.L. 147 alpinus v. tenui- folius’ 238 Sidisssen at Jes i. gramineus ap- proaching v. myriophyllu llus Jo H. N. 2719 ‘nodosus, D795 5 perfolatus Vv. cr at Johnston, I. M. 600 ilicianate, cee G. N. 3511 illi ecko eae — hi tenuifolius, 5227, 7851 gram Jones, M. z. 1304 gramineus _ v. Richardsonii, aelongus, 606 alpinus v. taniiitelin: 9293, 9295 gramineus, 9299 Richardsonii. Jones, 465 illinoensis, 7470, 7471 crispus. Jones, W. W. 432 nodosus. — & Hoffman. 7467 Richard- J caval '& Tene 7 7462 illinoensis. Kearn T 74 nodosus, 1626 pule nf Keck, D.D. 1188 nata Keck & Stevens 280. jllinoensis, 323 Richardson, 332 amplifolius, 335 eri Keck & “Stilwill. 368 natans, 373 gramineus, 377 amplifolius, a gramineus, 401 nodosus, tans, 412 praelongus, 428, 43 crispus, 433 amplifolius, 454 gra- mineus, 465 praelongus, 458 Rich- ardsonii. Kellogg & Harford. 949 illinoensis. Kelsey & Jor 8 gramineus, , oldsborough & Doo- 12 amplifolius, 17 prae- gramineus, 111 perfoli- atus v. bupleuroides (perhaps per- cranes v. bupleuroides XX ar Kennedy, Rac hel B. 78 gramineus x perfoliatus v. rig oaetion 80 a ae 81 alpinus tenuifolius, 5 gramineus, 478 a aiseyete-9 v. ’ bupleuroide es, 543 vores 551 — v. pe age Keno oe © ‘itinobabla ( cathians ott ty illinoensis), 139 praelongus. illip, E. P. 931 amplifolius, 6203 Richardesall: 6204 natans, 6896 Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 203 pulcher, 12258 natans, 12261 am- lifolius, 12264 illinoensis x _ per- oliatus v. bupleuroides, Richardsonii (perhaps x Richardsonii), mi u = amplifolius, 1253 12574 Oakesianus and epihyd Nuttallii, 12605 alpinus v. subel- lipticus and aephitalias us, 12610 am- plifolius, 13379 Oakesianus, 30845 pulcher. Kimball, R. H. 70 Oakesianus. dle, E. M. vee 93572 gra- mineus, 93684 na Knowlton, F. O88 n Knowlton & Weatherby. * 6632 Oakesianus. Kreager, F.O. 441 amplifolius. Krotkov, P. V. 5142 alpinus v. tenuifolius approaching v. subel- lipticus and epihydrus v. Nuttallii, caer Syren 5145 gramineus 5147 natans, 5150 praelongus, 7027 eg ee 7033, 7034, 7035, 7036 gramineus, 7038 natans, 7041 Richardson, "9629 amplifolius, Kubichek, W. F. 7 natans, 13 gra- eus, 109 R 115 illinoensis, and natans, 120 amplifolius, 121, 1 nodosus, 172 gra ramineus, 173, 184 illinoensis, 190 natans, 192 gra- mineus, 196 illinoensis. untze, Herbarium of Otto. 3105 perh geamineus x illinoensis. Laing, pS M. 147 Richardsonii. Lake, 614 gramineus. Lansin Ei. ea illinoensis. “74 natans. C. 50 nodosus, 53 "Hichasdeonit Leiberg, J. a 751 gramineus, 1574 foc nodosus, ‘63 pices v. bupleuroides. nard & Mannakee am- lifolius. Lewi wis, H. . 180388 natan 130390, 130391, 130393 alpinus v. 204 tenuifolius, 130394, 130395, 130396 gramineus, 7 erfoliatus. Lindheimer, F. 116, 311, 393 poker 513, 547 illinoensis, 1234 nodos ‘inedals & Keck. 1 gramineus, 54 amplifolius, 59 illinoensis, 115 = en oO ange 127 natans, 153 pra Sean , G. A. E. 937 natans, 1012 19679 ae aoe or H. & H 1501 tan ouis-Marie, 313 “alpinus Vv. air er 1255 nodosu aporte & Dude- sry 1 as eg « x perfoli- atus v. bupleuroides, 302 gramin- u ichardsonii 1403 gra- e ; : pie oides X Richardsonii), 10843 gra- —— x perfoliatus v. bupleur. Lun 150 I Mabbos, D.C. 1, 252, 317, 334, 350, 390 Richardesrti, 459 natans, Richardsonii. feos ot uk L. 977 nodosus, 1060 pe v. bupleuroides, 1707 inoensis, 2279, 2337 psa Ral ab n us, 3953 pus 74, neus, 3078 natans, 3082 olen 3201a, 3205 Oakesianus, 2409 illinoensis, 3420 gramineus McCabe, T. T = alpinus v. tenui- folius, 47 nata cCalla, W. C. "2370 rp mbna aniels, L.H. 3464 illinoensis. al, Me ae MS Sidaad. amineus ail SP gen v. atans, 241 gramin- eus, 302 Richardson 303 ampli- folius, 304 a us X illinoensis, 462 natans, 543 nodosus, 57 alpinus v. tenuiolus, 638 gramine- ing Vv. maximus, 639 natans, 805, 956 oa 3 illinoensis, 359 pulcher, 2305 acapliigitae 3613 gramineus v. maximus, 4377 na- tans Rhodora [May sages & Griscom. 100435 na- 044 Oakesianus, 10045 am- pifelius, 10047 alpinus v. subellip- ticus, 10048 cna 10048a gramineus approaching v. maxi- sate 10049 pertoliatis v. bupleur- McLouth, C.D. 4 illinoensis. MacMillan & Sheldon. 488 gra- mineus, 571 ar oniaggaat 1332 gramineus v. maxim McMurphy, J. 192 cnodoeee:. 193 an natans Macoun 5 graminens 2979 gr. x perfoliatus v bupleuroides, 2980, 2984, 2 92 gramineus, 3020, 3021, 3022, 3026 natans, ichardsonii, 3047 Richardsonii (perhaps Richard- sonii 3049, 3052, 3054, p.), 9, 3052, 3055, 3056 Richardsonii, 4162, 4165 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 4166 alpinus v. subellipticus, 4178" gramineus X p natans ae gramineus v. petra 4368, 381 Richard- sonii, 26814 se a 36815 illino- ensis (perhaps a hybrid), 26816 gramineus X Richardsonii, 26817 Richardsonii, 80929, 18 gra- 86002 am plifolius. Macoun, 9 pra longus, 14 illinoensia (this fa also a linear-leaved species accord- ing to Ferna em. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. 17: pt. 1: 55 & 131), 94 alp inus v. tents. 95 Richard- mineus achin aximus, 1730 am- plifotiur, 1733 der rryg yt approach- , 1740 Ri chardsonii pleuroides, 2991 u : akesianus, 2995, 2996 illinoensis, 3019 tate. 3023 illinoensis, 3024, 3 natans, 30 erfoliatus V- bupleuroides, 3048 Richardsonii, 3053, 3057 Richardsonii, ’ 4130, 4132, 4132a praelongus, 4163; 41 65, 4167, 4167a alpinus v. te nui- folius, 4168, 4169 alpinus v. subel- lipticus, 4177 illinoensis, 4179 gt@ mineus < Richardsonii, 4180 ‘llino- ensis, 4357 natans, 4360 gramineus 1943] Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 205 maximus >X_ nodosus, —- 118249 gore v. bupleuroides, ee 4365 alpinus v. tenu 118250, 118251, 118252 Richard- folius, 4379, 4880, 4382 Richard sonii, 118257 gramineus, 118258 as ” 3006 ‘al inus v. tenuifolius, perhaps gramineus _illinoensis, 1644 aa 16458, 16459, 118259, 118260, 118261, 118262 16460, 16461 Ri chardsonii, 20748, perhaps alpinus gramineus, 20749 Oakesianus, 20751 alpinus v. 118263, 118264 gramineus v. maxi- subellipticus approaching v. tenui- u 826 oman 118266 folius, 20756 perfoliatus v. - gramin Vv. ximu 267, pleuroides, 22176 Richardsonii, 118268 eester Evy 118269, 118270 22177 nodosus, 22211, 22212 na- ee, 118273, 118274, 118275 tans, 22216, 2 gramineus, 22220 perhaps alpinus < gramine- Malte ir Watson. 960, 1276, 1818 us, 22221 amplifolius, 22227 per- sacra i foliatus v. bupleuroides, 22228, Markert, W. C. 76909 perfoliatus 22229 amplifolius, 23173, 23175 v. puplearoies. rte gate 23180 gramineus, Martin, A.C. 158 natans 26824, 26826 pence em 26830 Martindale, 1 12003 ampli- crispus, 26832, 26833 Richardsonii, foliu 26834 amplifolius, 26839 nodosus, Mathias, Mildred E. 265 natans. natans, 26841, 62 O15, 62016 Maxon, William R. 4617 Richard- nodosus, 62021 illinoensis, 62! sonii. natans, 62023, 62024 gramineus, Mearns, E. A. 805 nodosus. 68425 natans, 68919, 78320, 78321 Merrill & Wilcox. 863 Richard- alpinus v. tenuifoliu 8, 85530 na- sonii, 902 gramineus. tans, 85531 annie alpinus < Mertie, J.B. 66 yg ose gramineus, 85534 amplifotius, Metc | oe pein Bi 85535, 85536 gramineus v. max Richardsonii, 14 aelon imus, 85537 Richardsonii, 85550 natans, 193, 304, 329, 339 Michard. nodosus, 88248, 88249, 88250, sonii, : gramineus, 404 88251 natans, 88252 amplifolius, Richardson i, 423 gramineus, 432, 8825: i ximus, 451 Ri “wie Berd 471 gramineus, 88254, 88255 oe aia — 512 Richardsonii, 5 raelongus, gramineus approaching 542 Richardsonii, 544 natans, 546 us, 88257, 88258, $8259 pe nage See 547 Richardsonii, 636, longus. 819, 845 nodosus, 888, 9 Macoun & orageeate De es re snide, ~ crispus, 1018, 1024 anise 76869 ¢g nodosus, 10 inoensis X nodo- s, 76870, 7687 L 76872 Richard- one 1071, 1105 nodosus, 1139 na- snd. tans, — amplifolius, 1145 Rich- Maguire, B. 472 alpinus v. tenui- ardso 1147 praelongus, 1160 pra folius, alpinus v. subellipticus, am lifolius, 1162 gramineus, 1176 74 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 483, 484 Ric ardsonii, 1229 praelongus, barton 485, 486 praelongus, 1291 pulcher, 1295 natans, 1297, 488, 490, 491, 495, es 497 Rich- 1298, 1329, 1370 illinoensis, 1373 ardsonii, 13149 gramineus v. maxi- gramineus, " _illinoensis, , 16201 Richardeonii, 16220 1388 natans, 1390 Richardsonii, gramineus v. maximus, 1636 Rich- 1391 illinoensis, 1412 gramineus, gle ony, 1413 praelongus, 1415 gramineus aguire & Pir 5439 na- v., 1420, 1427 illinoensis, 1428 gra- tans, 5440 Biber new) 5442 alpi- mineus, 1432 illinoensis, 1463 Rich- nus v. ten uifoli ius. ardsonii, gramineus, 1470 il- aguire, ian = = linoensis, 1471 nodosus, 1472 gra- 12771 gramineus v. m mineus, 1511 amplifolius, 1520 aguire & Richards. 13136 alpi- gramineus, 1532 gramineus il- nus v. " tenaaitciiag linoensis, 1542, 1548, 1551, 1563, Maguire, Richards, Maguire & 1564 illinoensis, 1780, 1794, 1839, Hammond. 4367 illinoensis. 1908, 1937 Ric hardsonii, 1962 na- Malte, M. O. 118247, 118248, tans, 1963, 1979, 1991 Richard- 206 sonii, 2014 illinoensis, 2024 ampli- folius, 2039 iRingeua, 2044 Rich- ardsonii, 2046 n sus, 2048 illino- ensis, 2049 natans, 2050 oe ineus, 2055 illinoensis, 2065 natans, 2076 illinoensis, 2093 praelongus, 2105 gramineus, 2107 i ensis, 2113 natans, hardsonii, 2132 gramineus, 2201 natans, 2209, 2210 amplifolius, 2211 natans, 2226 yee as 2 2242, 2250 ampli- 2321 2341 Sinnanaa, 2342 natans, 2345 illinoensis, 2352 nodosus, apelin a fea 2370 sm 2371 praelo eus vs 2 Ae et 5377, 2 79 {llinoensis, 2381, 2387 ce 2388, 2396 illinoensi Metcalf & Sperry. 1603 perfolia- tus v. bupleuroides, 1621 ampli- 4 gramineus Eee ros peer 1690 il wien Michel. oliatus v. bu- pewoids 1993 amplifolius. 29 amineus. Sotaks, i 457 nodosus. Motte W.S. 294 amplifolius. Mold 3 - 752 illinoensis, 4207 gramineus v. maximus, 4208, 9396 Ae 9397 ane i v. a oiags tos Moo A. H. 89 natans, 945 ae 2488 amplifolius, 5022 gramineus, 5036 amplifo Moore, E. 1488 natans. + ,G. 81 amplifolius oore & Steyermark. 3667 il- linoensis. rris, E. L. A41 natans, _ nodos perhaps saber 8 Hinoensi x nodosus). Mosier, Piety noensis. oyle, J. B Richardsonii, 894 alpinus v. vaalaiion 2052 illino- Hee amp ifolius. , W. C. 2739 crispus, 7632 ac, 7633, 7634, 7635 am- Rhodora [May eee fo TY approach- llus, 7642 gramin- eus, 7643, 76 longus, 7653, 7654, Piette 7657a, 765 foliu , 10202 natans, 10204 Ri gra illinoensis, 10209, 10210, 10211 gramineus, 10212 a ts ensis, 10216 gramineu ichardsonii, 17098 umennia 71 , 17106 gra- By Ltd tichardsonii, 17545 illinoensis, 17550 gramineus, 17556 praelongus, 17671 natans, 17676 sus, 434 gramineus, 459 Richard- cher & Burkholder. 16401 is, 16846 crispus, 16885 Richardsonii. Clausen. 3751, illinoensis, SS CH ON & Sparing) 3770 772 gramineus (perhap eras x Richardsonii, 4161, 4164 amplifolius, 4167 opevfolintus v. bupleuroides, 4190 gramineus, 4205 tigen 7 4209 Richardsonit (perhap: rfoliatus v. bupl oides x ichardsonii, 4210 ser foliat v. leuroides, 4232, Muenscher & Curtis 4827, 4828 5 plifolite, ata le ge 4876 gra. Vv. oe 4877, ie raelongus, 49 perhaps gramineus X perfoliatus & Lindsey. 2712 al- pinus v. tenuifolius, 27 7 ps ineus a nodosus, 2 nodo- 23, 2724 ae lifolius, atus v. bupleuroides, 2739 ones 2769 gramineus v. maximus, 7 1943] gramineus >_perfoliatus v. bu- pleuroides, 2775 gramineus Vv. myri- oP on 2777 gr stig ice a proac v. maxim 2780 gra- mineus approaching * myriophyl- lus, 2782 gramineus, 2785 gramin- atus v. bu- 713, 715 perfo Ipinus v. tenuifolius, 729 Richard- esata ee Bae 608, 1609 perf bupleuroides, 1618 crispus, 1676 illinoensis, 16 gramineus, 1680 ilinoensis, 1683 gramineus, 1684 gramineus illinoensis, _ 1689, 1690 gramineus, 1691 g mineus approaching v maximus, oe 1693 g santiees Vv. maximus, 1 approaching v. maximus, 1699 gra- m s, , 1701 illinoensis, 1703, 1705, 1706, 1709, 1710 na- tans, 1711, a ; 16.041 Oakesianus, 7, 1748 praelongus, 1751 illinoensis, 1753, 1754, 1756 praelongus, 1773, 1775, 1776, 1779, 1781, 1782 Richardsonii, este haps perfoliatus v. bupleuro Richardsonii, 1787 ichardaeall, 1806 em ensis. Muensc g & Maguire. 67, 71 Yamplifolius, 73, 75 gramineus illinoensis, 120 gramineus ap- mee v. sraeset 141 prae- 157 perhaps perfoliatus v. ri bea bic x Richardsonii. Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 10] & . v. bupleuroides, — Ogden n. 207 Muenscher & Wiegand. 14538 perhaps gramineus X s unz, P. A. 2785 crispus, 10805 illinoensis. Murdoch, J. pleuroides, 939 amplifolius, Oakesianu Nash, G. v. "786 crispus, 859, 1750 524 perfoliatus v. bu- 2062 illin sis. Nelson, A. 2276 oF perione, 2406 gramineus v., 4145 n Nelson, A. S Vv. maximus, 6 atans eoubsarsa form, perhaps a hybrid), 6771 per- haps gramineus X illinoensis, 6807 Richardsonii. fap ecole . & Ruth A. 973 prae- on, Ne ; 87, 3362 Richardsonii, 3386 illinoensis. Nelson, Cc eel yk gr amineus Ogden, na Cc. 914, O64 eel EN us, 1502 crispus, 1620 na- tan ns, 1701 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oides, 1702 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 1704 amplifolius, 1705 natans, 1716 gramineus, 1717 Richardsonii, 1718 natans, ee — v. tenuifolius, akesi: Ogden & Babel. "2166 Oakesianus, g = 2203 gramineus Ogden, Babe Chamberlain. 2242 alpinus v. tenuifolius. Ogden, Babel & Kozicky. 1880 praelongus. e & Bolan Bors 1562 Oakesianus, 1565. 1568 rede bige o llmoensis, 1571 . foliatus v. bupleuroid - (perhaps v. bupleuroides xX n a lifolius, — 1584 1589 gramineus X 1537 = tus & Marsto 432 go oli- 208 Rhodora [May atus v. bupleuroides, 492 prae- orn 493 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oides, 1691 gramineus, 1692, 1693 Og ee Aa i 1762 gramineus X illinoensis, 1765 gra- Ss Vv. my phyll 5 8 per ra 8, amplifolius, 2020 praelongus, 2032 perfoliatus v. bu- pleuroides ee Ogden & Babel. 2271 na- ans, 2272 ee 2294 Rich- haere 2308 gramineus Ogden, naire de Stetnmnete: 1882 praelo Ogden & Paine. 1505 A eas tration v. tp ug 1506 n Ogden, Rollins & W Wiegins. 1731 Berchtoldi > _ perfoliatus v. a shu, 1732 patfotinges v. bu- pleuroi Ogden & Steinmetz. 1543 gramineus v. maxim perfoliatus v. biplentoiden a 1544 yey gramineus ™X_ perfoliatus v. bu- pleuroides, 1545 gramineus, 1547 amplifolius, 1548 natans, 1549 — mineus, 1552 amineus v. i- mus, 1556 amplifolius, 1592 ‘prae- longus, 1593, 1602, 1603 gramineus Vv. maximus, 1604 - cheese =F v. bupleu 1542 Hager at Ogden, sige gh & Prince. 1596 nodosus, 1597 gramineus v. maxi- m Ogden & Trask. 2073 Oakesianus. Ba 978 & Wiggins. 1729 ampli- perfoliatus — v. bupleu ( Seige alpinus X grami ass, z inus v. tenuis, 2344 gramin 2 Vv. maxi Oosting, H. J. 391 gramineus, 302 pr aipreepe oe 2945 illin , 2971 Richardsonii, 28100 gra n- mineus, 28164 — illino- neus. “ 553 Richardsonii. E. Osterhout, G 2885 alpinus v. tenuifolius. , IT. C. 1565. natans, 1583 Richardsonii, 1584 gramineus, 1678 Richardsonii, 1 praelongus, 1768, 1769 amplifolius. ver, W. H. 3366, 3367 Richard- sonii, 4008 illinoensis, 4044 gra mineus, re alpinus v. tenui- oaching v. subellipticus, 13818 Roheniand, 14459 ampli- 1 171 re a 17141, mean 17432 nodosus. alm E. J. 11952 nodosus, 12217. illinoensis, 12907 perhaps rege x nodosus, 21526 n i: — Tadehes 33707, 43586 Palmer, 5: L. 36, 37, 38 natans, 50 a ie Palm oo J. 638 gramineus V. dai Richardsonii, 1862 Richardeoati 1866 gramineus. Palmer & Steyermark. 41417 pulcher. Pammel, L. H. illinoensis. arish, S. B. 2106, 2128, 3350 4°] 100 natans, 776 n Parish, S. B. & W. F. 1435 natans. 1073 perfoliatus v- ides. Parlin & Fernald. 924 natans. 174 illinoensis. Payson, E. B. & Lois B. 2023 ov aad ig 2024 =praelongus, 2251 na Pease, A. ie 1919 alpinus v. subel- lipticus, 2011 pulcher, 2064 crispus, 2500 amineus fine — eus V- maximus, 2907 alpi v. tenui- folius, 3795 ak 4699A Oakesi- anus, 14 ramineus, 11982 Richardsonii, 12143 perfoliatus V bupleuroides, 12171 Oakesianus, 138 amine amplifoli- us, 14012 praelongus, 14582 gra- —— 14585 amplifolius, 16591, 16943 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 1943] 17024 alpinus v. tenuifolius_ap- i ng v. subellipticus, 17983 Richardsonii, 20073 natans, 22752, 227538, 227 gramineus, 25217 natans, 26709 alpinus v. Polio ag. Bean. 26092 gramineus, mpli Richardsonii, 26199 am folius, 2624 ichardsonii, 26304 gramineus, 26389 ardsonii Pease & Edgerton. 27169 gramin- eus. Pe wore & Fernald. 16958 amplifoli- 17024 alpinus v. tenuifolius ap- prosching v. subellipticus, 17047 at air ane perfoli- as 24828 Richard- sonii, 2491 Seer: 24918 Richardsonii, 24964 _ illinoensis, — eg atans, 25013, 25031 Rich- ardsonii, 25032 amplifolius, 25135 Oakesiabus, 25167 amplifolius. Peattie C. 2385 “Richardsonii, 2305 gramineus v. myriophyllu Peck, C. H. perhaps ce te D4 nodosus, 3 se nsis. Peck, M. E. 6284 Richardsonii, 8514 natans, 900) ichardsonii, 9026 dmaptifolias 9619 Richard- sonii. Peebles, R. H. 14190 nodos Pennell, F. W. 3351 oetitiation Vv. bupleuroides, 16220 Richardsonii, Pepoon, 5 899 praelongus erry & Roscoe. 38 Oakesianus. ay O. P. 1091 nodosus, 1092, 655 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 1883 nodosus. Piete A. J. 3 Richardsonii, 6 pis 7 illinoensis. Piper, C. V 57 Richardsonii, 758 natans, 3684 amplifolius, 3761 gra- mineus - illinoensis, 3765 natans, 4426 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 4430 Rishardarats 4431 _— ap- proaching v. maxim Polunin, N. 1976, 1977, 2062 “en nus v. tenuifolius, 2070 per lpinus X gramineus. Pontious & Bartley. 18 nodosus. Porsi 4295 precines,. ap- proaching v. maximus (perhaps Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 209 gramineus X sp.), 4296 alpinus v. subellipticus. Porsild, A. E. & R. T. v. tenuifolius, 847 Ri ere 943, 1102 Richardsonii, 1131 g mineus, 1496 alpinus v. tenuis hu i. gramineus, 29 aelongus, 3098 alpinus v. eabiie ea an Richardsonii, 3099, 5174 gramineus Vv. maximus. Atwood. 1318 Oakesi- Pa 1405 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oi ra & Hyland. 649 gramineus. Proulx, T. 58 pesca tenuifolius. Rand & Robinson. 1013 Sheil Randolph & Wiegand. 9094 1977, 1979 praelong- lifolius, 114 alpinus . amplifolius, 2251, 2262 a 2267, 2273, 2299 amplifolius. , E. A. 88 perfoliatus v. bu- 1545 perhaps alpinus ramineus Vv. i — * = on m 1552, 1553, 1554, ‘1555, 1556, 155i, 1558, 1559, 1 60 Rich- a 1570, aby 1572 peer 6352, 64 Ric 7002 ramineus Raup Abbe. 4038 gramineus, 4313 eusven 4614 gramineus, 4 Richardso Redfield, J. "H. 7996 pulcher, 8002 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 8014 inus v. subellipticus, 15341 per- lst = bupleuroi sts cena stony J. 1640. ee Sg ~2502 pulcher. Ricard & Boivin. 342 nodosus. Ricker, natans Rider, Sadie L. 349 Richardsonii Ridgway, R. 3318 nodosus. Ridgway ana 3425 nodosus. Riehl, N. 128 er. Robinson B.L 494 natans. © per- foliatus v. bupleuroides, 231 poly- 210 Rhodora [May gonifolius, 232 sarees ae ap- proaching v. maximu binson & Webb. 1087 perfoli- atus v. bupleuroides (perhaps hybrid). Rolland-Germain. 6231 gramin- eus, 6233, 6235 gramineus v. maxi- mus, 6280 amplifolius, 8696 per . foliatus v. bupleuroides, 8697, 13044 amplifolius, 1 chardsonii, 58 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 1 T alpinus x perfoliatus v. a pasa 43359 nodosus, 43360 er aps gramineus 4 perfoliatus Vv. ggeor eo nae 43382 gramineus iatus v. bupleuroides, 43481 | Richandeoidt R R. C. 2319 alpinus v. b 51 us V., 55 natans 59 alpinus v. subelli icus, 60 1 natans, 61, 62, 63 ampli- folius, 7 if gramineus, 73 amineus v. maximus, 74 per- ne v. bupleuroides, 75 gra- : a . “P ps le rfoliatus v. upleuroides, raelongus Ro b ) B. & 16 alpi- nus v. tenuifolius, ss gramineus, 20 T 67 Richardsonii. 304 nodosus, 1185 per- foliatus v. bupleuroides. M.F. 812 natans. Oakesianus, 25817, 30003 nata ans, 30004 praelongus, 31207, 32297 boueian, 35812 perfoliatus v. bu Rugel, F, 613 illinoensis. Ru 384 alpinus v. subellip- re 385 natans. uth, A. 49, vi 141, 772 nodosus. Rydberg, P. A. 1421 ‘nodosus, 1440 y illinoensis, 1652 natans, 1792 Rich- , ardsonii, 1846 nodosus. Rydberg & Bessey. 3724, 3725 alpinus v. tenuifolius. Rydberg & Carlton. 7522 Rich- ardsonii. St. Cyr, D. N. 2973 gramineus, 2994 amplifolius, 3030 nodosus, 3050 Richardsonii. St. John, H. 1121, 1122 polygoni- folius, 1124 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oides, 1372, natans, 1373 iar anus, 1756 alpinus v. subellipticus, 1 bupleuroides, 11919 gramineus V. myriophyllus, 90081 natans, 90083, 90084 alpinus v. tenuifoliius, 90085 alpinus v. Oey petolet 90086 gra- mineus, 9008 oliatus. St. John, English, Moore & Palmer St. pea & Nichols. "D104 alpinus 636 rareatewnnens 656, 658 ae find Richardsonii, 4927 praelon Seridbere ; é asap 524 gramin- eus V. ma Sandberg, ‘Mastoural & Heller. 697, 939 natans, 955 gramineus, 956 Richardsonii, 1026 gramineus- Sanford, S.N.F. 1225, 10192 per- foliatus v. bupleuroides Sargent, H. 29 perfoliatus v. Saalee cies: 31 gramineus X per- foliatus v. bupleuroides, 33 per- foliatus v. bupleuroides. ulz, Ellen D. 797 illinoensis. Scott, W. 16208 crispus, 16431 n dosus, 1 amplifolius, 16433, 16434 illinoensis, 16438, 16439 crispus, 16443 gramineus, 1 gramineus v. maximus, 16446, ~ 1943] 16447 gramineus, 16448 a oa 16450 gramineus, 16451 praelon 16454, 16455, 16457 Richardson Scovel we T. 26 amplifolius and 4 Bishasdaehit, 28 ne li- linear-leaved species oan to Fernald, Mem. Am. Acad. Sci: 17: pt. 1: 136), 54 Hissar: 66 1057 reg ineus, 1 amplifolius, i321 praelong hee M. 100 = Seymou 249 amplifolius, 267, 1027 perfoliatus v. bupleur- oides, 1487, 1567, 1568 Oakesianus, 570 per oliatus. v. bupleuroides, approaching . M. 3 Richardsonii, 11 a 73, 100 natans, 101 Sh _ illinoensis, 142 Richardsonii, 145_ illinoensis, ichardsonii, ns, 253 ainionrn 99 Thurber, G. i co ; Tidestrom, I. 517, 1861 illinoens!s, 7171 nodosus, 7175 perfoliatus V. bupleuroides, 7183 P7637, 7741, 10 Tolst 428 natans, 429 W. L. Richardsonii, 430 praelongus, 473 Richardsonii, 614 se nig 615 gramineus, 616 gramineus ™ il- linoensis, 637 nodosus, 638 natans, us. Topping, D. L. 203 amplifolius. Toumey, J. W. sea nce s. D; 867 gree isk 2870, 2871 alpinus v. tenul- lius eedy, F physio . 46 illinoensis, 411 gr@ 413 Richardsonii, 4978 a 62, 373 cog caer 375, 1091 gramineus x illino e mite. 1645 Richard- sonii, 1656 gramineus, 1659 Rich- ardsonii, 1660 natans, 1662 line: ensis gramineus (perhap gramineus > illinoensis). Uhler arren. 793 natans 797: % ono 858 jllinoensis, 1079 praelon 1943] Umbach, L. M. 31 gramineus, 433 Richardsonii, 457 gramineus v. eg a an ,» EB. C. 202 alpinus v. tenuifoliv, aa & wenn 201 crisp- 202 Victo Mar 526 Ey 565 Test lint v. bupleur 1124 tries 1152, 1505 alain v. tenuifolius, 1537 ‘natans, 1539 gramineus, 3177 “paige cores . bu- chardsonii, oides, 8177, 8178 perfoliatus y. bu- pleuroides, sohiardanati, cus, 1116 ps sec per- foliatus v. bupleuroides, 11169 perhaps gramineus X _ perfoliatus bu ides, s, 16056 $060, eoee” 16057 — amin- ie . natans, 16064 mi ae ximus 16065 am- plifolius, 18460 alpinus v. tenui- olius, 18462 Richardsonii, 20451 2 gramineus v. maximus, 20454 perfoliatus, 20456 perfoliatus v. a 20457, 21201, 25815 amplifolius, 2 27897 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, sa gramineus, gramineus rfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 23005 Richardsonii (perhaps —— Victorin & peieenoneen 9922 Oakesi- v. sube 25810 gramineus, 25938 alpinus subellipticus, 25939, 27094, 27095 gramineus v. maximus, 27 630 alpi nus v. tenuifolius, 29088 peafolintas v. kag tebe 33178 Richard- sonii (perha oliatus v. bu- pleuroides < Richardsonii), 33180 gramineus v. maximus, per- foliatus v. arr ait 43565 no- dosus, 43576, 43796 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, to70 —— 44738 gramineus X_ perfoliatus v. bu- Ogden,—The Broad-leaved Species of Potamogeton 213 pleuroides, 45184 ree ns 45189 crispus, 4 osus, 49141 crispus, 49148 Richardsonii, 49304 nodosus, 49366 amplifolius. Victo on olland, Brunel & Rous 17278 perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 17285 gramineus ap- sine v. een 17286 per siren v. bu es. Victorin, Rol aa “& Jacqu 33315 alpinus v._ subellipticus, ae ee 33393 perfoliatus ap- aching v. bupleuroides, 33477 vena Pi 351 amplifolius, 33518 praelongus, 33609 Richard- sonii, 9 Oakesianus, 33 praelongus, 33854, ae natans, 33858 a mr 9 perfoli- atus v. bup oides, 33714, 33855 asic ig “441 praelongus, 44451 . subellipticus, 44452 gramineus, 44453 gramineus Lee oliatus — v. bly backerossed with gra- mineus), 44454, 44458 - ear 44459 gramin eus x perfoliatus v. bupleuroides, 44460 natans, 44463 ramineus, 44468 alpinus subellipticus, 44749 Oakesianus. : Victorin, Rolland & Louis-Marie. Frio alpinus v. subellipticus. torin, Rolland & Méeilleur. "2B 730 alpinus v. tenuifolius, 13858 2 grami nodosus, 44382 gramineus v. ramineus X sp., 44728 aie, 45446 Richardsonii. rin, d, Michel & oe peta 43633 esianus Waghorne, A. C. 6 alpinus v. senuitalincs, 40 perfoliatus v. bu- pleuroides. Wahl, H. A. 174 a sh ae 204 perfoliatus, v. bupleuroides, 240 perfoliatus v. indedroides (perhaps perfoliatus v. bu “gg Pa — alker, Mr. & Mrs. E atans. Ware, R.A. 2446 perfoliatus v. ed pleuroides, 3324 natans, 3326 a plifo arnock, B. H. 1557 nodosus. Watso on, S. 396 perhaps alpinus X a patie 397 Rianlacst, 398 , 1131 natans, si alpinus v. rane Sa Se haps illinoensis secsisaean, 1134 gramineus, 1135 Richardsonii. Watson wT. R. 969 gramineus, 973 214 ——. approaching v. s, 979 natans, 1006 amplifies, ramineus, 36 Weatherby, C. A. D2409 ~— folius, 3389 gramineus, 4364 n tans Weatherby & Anderson. 5901 amplifolius, 5904 natans. Weatherby, C.A.& UnaF. 5625 gramineus stk haste Vv. maxi- mus, 6624 gra Webb, R. J. 452, "546 amplifolius. Webber, H. J. 4 amplifolius, 5, 6 dosus. — Welch, Winona H. 2106 nodosus. A. 395 541 natans, fd bhp Vv. maximus, 550 gram Wetmore, R. ‘#. 103096 gramine- axim Richardsonii, 90 alpin —_ 231 illinoensis, 973 Pelee soie Wheeler, L. C. 1974 nodosus, 3973 Whited, z 3141 ge tnegnniees Whitford, H. gr cape tiny —o natans, 258 Spe v. tenui Whitney, Elsie G. 4673a ampli- folius. Rhodora [May Wiegand, K. M. 11182 crispus. Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss. 27339 Oakesianus. 11178 illinoensis, Wiegand & Hotchkiss. 27337 alpi- y ore 27343 gramineus up bes (probably gies eee with g mineu Wiegand & Pease. 27340 gramine- ight, W. F. 1 praelongus, 8 il- linoensis, 9 natans, 59 illinoensis, tans, 6796 eo. 6797 Williams, S andosaas ‘804 Richardsonii $00 pocbarse i illi T. A. 1 nodosus, 344 amplifolius Williamson, C.8S. 418 Oakesianus, 455 chyeoeitolick: 472, 1026 per foliatus v. bupleuroides. illiamson, W. T. 309 no- 189 amplifolius. alpinus v. tenuifolius, . 8290 nodosus. Wood, F. F. 4 Richardsonii. Wright, C. 675 nodosus, 676 il- ong 1893 nodosus. . P. 542 illinoensis. amplifolius, G. & E. C. 7011 E. B. 1237 gra- mineus, 1238 amplifolius. INDEX New scientific names are printed in full-face type iar gp na subg. Coleogeton, 71, 1 ect. Connati, O, sect. on- A 69, 71, 72, 76; subsect. Amplifolii, 63, 68, 69, ei "72, 2, 76, 132; subsect. 73, 76, 133, 158, : . 6 71, 74, 76; subsect. Pusilli, 71, ser. Pusilli connati, 71, va pots, 71, subser. Pano ormitani, 71, se Pusilli convoluti, subser. ‘Acuti, “1, 9-62, 69, 71, 72, 75, 95, 99, 104, 122, 123, 127, 128, 137, ise 9 Is. ensis, 184; amplifolius X_ prae- 215 longus, 184; am plifoli ius X Rich- ardsonii jamaicensis, 124; confervoides, 71; crispus, 60-62, 64.°71,:72, 75, 76, 86-88, 91, Aa deminutus, ‘187; diversifolius, ; epihydrus, 186; epihydrus, var. Nuttalii, 138, 142: epihydrus, var. Nuttalii maximus, 153, he 196, pl. 748, var. mi inimus, 50, myrioph yllus, ior 145, 147, 150, 151, var. spat thulaeformi 151, 187, 189, forma pertoctvie 144, var. typicus, 143, 149, 151, 196, pl. 748, forma Wolfgangii, 148; gramineus X illinoensis, 145, 149, 51,158, 1 1 1 87, 2 us X illinoensis x lucens, 187; grami- s X lucens, 158, 187 mineus xX natans, 186; gramine us xX nodosus, 185; gramineus X_per- 216 foliatus, 151; gramineus X_ per- foliatus, var. bupleuroides, 61, 183, peduncul — 143, forma maximus, pa 187, minimus, 1 0 myri tenbyilne 150, toreeaeeee 144; Hillii, 71; Ginseng 21, ta, 4, 93, 94, 150, 152-154, 156-159, sine 188, 191, 192, 195, ma homophyllus, 154, s; 154; illinoensis X 158, var. ke at 1 =) < ro = D =} = O. As] ss; ‘et < S — var. ter- 7 ‘ ; panor- mitanus, 192; pectinatus, 71, 192; INDEX pennsylvanicus, var. portorioemaa Mf Lt bupleuroides, 171, 1 178, 181, 182, 189, 190, 193-196, pls. 746, 748; ‘perfoliatus, var. bu- pleuroides xX Ri i 5 amen var. gracilis, 163, 177, 180, var. lanceolatus, 1 3, SSP. oe polygonifolius, 58, 59, 12; 8, 195, p 746; Porsildior- a — 1, 195, a 131-133; rufes- cens, 90, 92, § 90; x seolioph is barensis, ee 186; spathaeformis 187; * 8 spath- aeformis, spathulaeformis siietitolias, a1; subdentatus @ ag 191, p petiolatus, 188, 189, 1 x su gracilis, 154, 187, og? Var. ss ierentifoltad, 154, 187; Zizii, forma pulcherrimus, 187; zosteriformis, spirillus amp lifolius, 100; hetero- phyllus, 44; er 124; lucens, 154; perfoliat us, 177, va Richard- sonii, 163; pulcher, i21; Zizi, 154, 187 Reprinted from Ruopora, Vol. 45, June-August, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM I. Five common Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 221 ii... Netes on Danthoiiia. 3.5.0 oo tt ee 239 III. Erianthus brevibarbis and other Species........--. 246 IV. Why not Andropogon Gerardi?...........:..+:.. 255 7, Studies in North American Species of Scirpus... ... 279 VI. The Identity of Scleria setacea of Poiret.........: 296 VII. What is Angelica triquinata?..............+:-.+- 298 Vill. Notes on Mierschim 53.5 ee ee 317 By M. L. FERNALD Dates or Issuz Pages 221 to 258, plates 749 to 761... .--..- 6. +e. ee eee ee 29 May, 1943 Pages 279 to 303, plates 762 to 769. .-.------+ +--+ 225+-257 - July, 1943 : - Deas ee 10 August, 1 OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CXLVI / Reprinted from Ruopora, Vol. 45, June—August, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY CXLVIII I. Five common Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 221 Hi. Notes of Peathonsa eo ee 239 III. Erianthus brevibarbis and other Species.......... 246 IV. .. Why not Andropogon Geraidit. oo 255 V. Studies in North American Species of Scirpus...... 279 VI. The Identity of Scleria setacea of Poiret.......... 296 Vit. What is Angetica triguinatal. ...........,.55.. 3. 298 Nill. : Notes on Hieracnii., ... - aa ee 317 By M. L. FERNALD Dares or IssuB Pages 221 to 258, plates 740 to 761. ~~... 5 +e eee ee ee. 29 May, 1943 Paces 279 to 303, pinta TOR 06 700s, tas ee tk: 6 July, 1943 Pages 317 to B26... 656s oes hee ce re as ee be eae 10 August, 1943 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE GRAY HERBARIUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY—No. CXLVIII M. L. FERNALD (Plates 749-769)! During the studies necessary in a thorough revision of the flora of northeastern America and, especially, a checking with photo- graphs of the types of Linnaeus, Michaux and other authors of American species much new matter has accumulated. Some of the studies, with photographs by Dr. Bernice G. Schubert, are here presented. I. FIVE COMMON RHIZOMATOUS SPECIES OF MUHLENBERGIA (Plates 749-757) In eastern North America five species of Muhlenbergia stand out as the most common representatives of the rhizomatous members of the genus, the plants passing, mostly erroneously, as M. mexicana (L.) Trin., M. sylvatica Torr., M. foliosa (R. & S.) Trin. and the two very distinct species included under M. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. These five species have many technical differences (in glumes, lemmas, anthers, grains, internodes, nodes, sheaths, etc.) and habitally they are distinctive. The names currently applied to them, however, need most careful scrutiny for, when the types (all but one in Europe) are studied, it is apparent that those who have easily recognized the species involved have largely guessed at their names and, too often, 1The cost of pmanperly blocks has been met in part from an appropriation for original research from the Department of Biology, Harvard Universi 222 Rhodora [JUNE have not consulted the original descriptions. Sixteen years ago I undertook a clarification of our species, at that time securing from friends in London, Paris and Berlin photographs of many of the types involved; and in 1930, while in Europe, I checked many points not shown in habit-photographs. As a result of this study it was evident that we must adopt many unfamiliar names or change the significance of those now familiar but, disliking the upheaval necessitated, I have refrained from publication, with the hope that specialists on the Gramineae would take the responsibility of correcting the many errors. Having now reached a stage in my work when the facts can no longer be dodged, I am presenting in key-form the diagnostic characters of the five species. This will be followed by consider- ation of the names now in use and those which, it seems to me, must be taken up. In some instances, however, inability at present to consult many critical specimens abroad may result in slight future changes. In his Manual Hitchcock! adopts for ‘Tam lana g informed that Hitchcock strenuously and rightly objected to these es, which were forced into his book through the ruling of his Chief (see Ww to upset when studied by scientists. If the time used in inventing ‘‘English” names for these plants had gone into study of their proper typification some of the upsets in ye sinc pages might be unnecessary. ‘‘C’est a rire!”’ pos the reference to dictatorship by some in power over young (sometimes eee pectoris have recently received copies of correspondence from a botanist formerly in siti ernment employ, in which the inventor of “‘English’’ names ruled that the y n should not publish a new plant in Ruopora because the type is not in the Nasi! Herbarium and because the author had followed the Internationa Rules of Plant Nomenclature, though in this case the dictator was overruled by higher officials. Probably no more severe blight upon scholarly aah gp vot taxonomy under federal dictatorship has existed. The inventor of ‘English’ names himself once made a wi effort in taxonomy, That he nes not ve is clear from his greatest nap hata with its delightfully naive key Leaves obova’ Leaves not i on one characters given — etc. Leaves not erie ecir marge 1943] Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 223 members of Muhlenbergia the stupid ‘English’ name ‘“‘Muhly”’ (“Marsh Muhly’’, ‘‘Wire-stem Muhly’’, ete.). There would be some propriety in dropping the h and then applying the word as an adjective to the current nomenclature of the misinterpreted five. In tabulating the characters I am numbering the species, the name in current use being bracketed. Beautifully clear il- lustrations of four of the plants will be found in Hitchcock’s Manual, figs. 768, 770, 774 and 776. I am greatly indebted to Mr. Jason Swallen for an opportunity to study fragments of the types of Agrostis mexicana L. and of A. foliosa R. & S. Photo- graphs made from them will be found in pLates 749, Frias. 1-3 and 751, FIG. 2). a. a and stolons 2-6 mm. thick, with cucullate-arching vate scales; nodes of culm thick ‘and ever enlarged; oF mm. long; — anthers 0.3-0.6 mm. ranches soon a the me ants thus habit and topheavy, the p mptly uncovered internodes lustrous and glabrous ; leat-ehew = loose, r com- pressed, promptly opening to base; terminal panicle ex- serted, or with included base, at first lax and open, lan- very rey pa both awned, membranaceous, green ; lemma ape Te ; grain easily Cronies linear-cylindrc, 16-3 ih 0 os a as a ees l, (M. mexicana). . Culms erect or ascending, lower nodes not rooting, un- bra ee a0 from middia: node es, internodes largely covered | 2 sheaths, opaque and puberulent; leaf-sheaths tight, tere te, tardily aly glumes ni rat (if "rarely awned, sub- Rivet, with few simple ae ssed-ascending branches; leaf-blades sovaudien or sli re! spreading, firm; pani rather stiff, the subse art amici sive spikelets imbri ases of the glom ulate appressed-ascending branches and _ branchlets; glumes subequal, firm and herbaceous, usually green or Leaves not with all ag iss aude given above. Leaves orbicular to te. Leaves or other Beer lem as described a! and so on, including the informative calls in proay cap ‘Leaves not as described It is no uaa that one who 60 little deeper than that into an exacting field did not fully understand its importance 224 Rhodora [JUNE purplish; lemma firm, usually awnless (rarely awned) ; mature florets persistent; grain slenderly ellipsoid, 1.3-1.6 mm. long, tightly embraced by lemma and palea. 2. [M. foliosa]. Ascending to erect, with many ascending simple or forking branches from middle nodes; leaf-blades spreading, rather soft and pliant; panicles slender, loosely flowered, exuous, the longer branches mostly without crowded basal spikelets, the spikelets often long-pedicelled; umes very unequal, scarious or hyaline, usually whitish or silvery; lemma scarious, silvery, often long-awned; mature florets promptly dropping; grain linear-cylin- ; ic, 1.4-2.1 mm. long, easily remove 3. [M. sylvatica]. a. Rhizomes and stolons slender (2-4 mm. thick), greatly pro- longed and forking, with appressed lanceolate to narrowly 8b Owe eee hee ty) , Culms mostly branching from middle nodes, the leaves and branches there approximate, the internodes lustrous and 3 .8 mm. long; grain tightly embraced, linear-cylindric, 1.8-2.2 mm. long; species of dry prairie, rocks and bluffs from Wisconsin to Saskat- chewan, and west to Oregon, south to Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and New Mexico; casual al ilroad tward 5 4. [M. racemosa]. True M. mexicana (Puates 751 and 752) Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 189 (1824) rests upon Agrostis mexicana L. Mant. i. 31 (1767). Agrostis mexicana was raised by Linnaeus in the garden at Upsala from seeds sent him from Vienna by Jacquin and erroneously thought to have come from tropical America. By most recent authors it is considered to be species no. 1 of the preceding key: “the plants becoming topheavy and bushy”, to use Hitchcock's phrase, with abundant decumbent and rooting or ascending ofte? forking lustrous branches; the sheaths compressed and loose, promptly opening to the base; the branches bearing numerous partly included axillary panicles; the terminal panicles relatively 1943] _Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 225 soft and loose upon expanding, many of the spikelets long- pedicelled; the glumes very unequal and both awned; the easily removed grain linear-cylindric, etc. How different was the unusually full description by Linneaus of his Agrostis mexicana: mexicana. 20. _AGROSTIS panicula lounanien ealycibus [glumis] Hl. citar in n America calidiore. D. J —- a Culmi numero dales, laeues, er any Ramis indiuisis. nea, inatae mata atropurpurea, ramosa. Stamina alba. Difficillime hoc Gramen determinatur. Altero anno floret. Facies Cinnae. H.U: Passing for the moment the ‘‘panicula oblonga congesta’”’ or “congesta coaceruatis’’, it should be clear that the ‘‘culmi j erectr”’ the “Ramis Snddiciane?” and the “Calyces [glumae] apice subulati, subaequales”’ do not belong to species no. 1, which has often decumbent or lopping culms with mostly forking and very abundant basal and median branches, the glumes very unequal and both slenderly awned. The ‘‘Aristae nullae’’ could belong to no. 1 or to no. 2. Linnaeus said nothing about the very nu- merous axillary panicles partly included in the subinflated sheaths of the branches which so generally characterize no. 1. His unusually full description is clearly not a good one for no. 1 and, in view of the almost universal recent error of so identifying it, the original comment of Linnaeus still has force: ‘‘Dzfficillime hoc Gramen determinatur’’. Linnaeus had two sheets of the type material, both clearly marked by him Agrostis mexicana. Beau- tiful photographs of the two sheets, sent to the Gray Herbarium in 1927 by the late Dr. B. Daydon Jackson, are before me. One is of a badly crumpled specimen, the other (our PLATE 751, Fria. 1) better prepared. They both show erect culms, with few simple erect branches, tight sheaths, terminal panicles, no definitely included axillary panicles, subequal awnless glumes (PLATE 751, FIG. 3) and awnless lemmas; and the broken-off culms are 5 dm. (20 inches) high. Linnaeus’s “‘culmi . . . pedales’ was too conservative. PiatTe 752, ric. 2 is from a portion of the panicle of the type, now preserved at the United States National Herbar- 226 Rhodora [JUNE ium and most generously sent me for study by Mr. Swallen. The type specimens of Agrostis mexicana are of species no. 2, the plant passing as Muhlenbergia foliosa. As he stated, Linnaeus received his seed from Jacquin and raised the plant at Upsala. Jacquin’s plant at Vienna was clearly described, and illustrated by a life-size colored plate, by the younger Jacquin in his Eclogae Plantarum Rariorum— Gram. Fase. ter. et quart., 44, t. 30 (1813). Jacquin filius departed little from Linnaeus, his fuller account including “Cutmi . . ._ bipedales, : erecti, . . .. teretes ik ; ramis axillaribus, secs, Meticlite: adpressis vaginis . . . apertis . . . Ftorssin paniculis suis nalibus culmi primarii et ramorum, ante et post anthesin coarc- tatis, . . . 3 famis Tamulisque ... .. erectis adpressis Calyx . . . Glumae subaequales, lanceolatae, acu- vitae ; and his wonderful plate (our PLATE 752) showed a characteristic plant of our species no. 2, even to the slenderly ellipsoid grain. The material cultivated by the Jacquins at Vienna was, then, like that sent to and cultivated by Linnaeus at Upsala and described by him as Agrostis mexicana. When he transferred A. mexicana to Muhlenbergia, Trinius, Gram. Unifl. 189 (1824) held the diagnostic characters of the Linnean species “Panicula contracta densiuscula; Glumis lineari-lanceolatis acu- tissimis subaequalibus perianthio acutissimo vix brevioribus’’. There seems to be no way to avoid taking up for the plant erro- neously passing as M. foliosa the clearly described and typified M. mexicana (L.) Trin. M. MEXICANA OF RECENT AuTHORS (PLaTEs 749 and 750) When we consider the earlier available names for the plant recently but erroneously passing as Muhlenbergia mexicana, our species no. 1, the name seemingly available, if we accept current bibliographies, is M. lateriflora (Michx.) Trin. ex Kunth, Enum. i. 207 (1833) in synonymy of Cinna lateriflora Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. 67 (1829), both names based on Agrostis lateriflora Miehx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 53 (1803) from rock-cliffs of the Missis- sippi and shores in [southern] Illinois. Michaux’s description is not at all good for a plant with geniculate and bushy-branched stems, relatively large terminal panicles and long-awned glumes; 1943] Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 227 and the photograph of the type sent me by M. Cintract is very inconclusive. The description was as follows: LATERIFLORA. A. culmis erectis, nodosis: foliis linearibus, planis: panic- ulis lateralibus et terminalibus, pusillis, coarctatis, densifloris: glumae muticae et scaberulae. valvis acutissimis; interioribus majoribus, basi barbulatis Hab. praesertim in praecipitibus saxosis fluminis Mississipi et ripariis Illinoensibus. Authors immediately following Michaux seem not to have known the plant, Beauvois shifting it without discussion to Vilfa, and Kunth, likewise with no discussion, transferring it to Cinna. It was not until Kunth’s Enumeratio that the plant, as Cinna lateriflora (Michx.) Kunth, with ‘‘Muehlenbergia lateriflora Trin.” as a synonym, was again accorded a diagnosis, that copied directly from Michaux. Michaux’s erect culm, densely flowered small panicles and muticous glumes are not satisfactory for the common plant known as M. mexicana. The photograph is of mere fragments: broken-off tips of a stiffly ascending plant with long internodes; leaf-blades erect, only 2-4 mm. broad and long- tapering; the linear-filiform panicles only 1.5-4 mm, thick, with spikelets only 2.5-3 mm. long. These fragments look like small bits picked from a plant of M. glabrifloraScribn. Only Michaux’s “slumae . . . interioribus . . ._ basi barbulatis’” would seem to separate it from that species of dry or baked soils, gravels or rocky slopes, from southwestern Indiana (perhaps also Ohio) and Illinois to Texas. MM. glabriflora is reputed to have the lemma glabrous. It would not now be justifiable to reduce M. glabriflora to M. lateriflora; when the florets can be actually studied that may be inevitable. In fact, Steudel, Synop. PI. Gram. 182 (1854), describing in detail the species he took to be Cinna lateriflora (Michx.) Kunth, from Ohio — of Frank’s, said “glumis . ye @mubesqualibus( <>. 6; valyulis-. glabris.”’ It is, however, fairly clear that we Ms not scopeny take up M. lateriflora for the plant, no. 1, which has been passing as M. mexicana. Another name, ignored or waved aside by recent American authors, needs consideration, for it is with little doubt the first name for species no. 1, the plant generally passing as Muhlen- bergia mexicana and so passing for more than a century, the confusion dating back to botanists of a full century ago, when 228 : Rhodora [JUNE nos. 1 and 2 were completely mixed in our floras, Torrey, Fl. N. Y. ii. 437, 438 (1843), for instance, saying ‘“M. foliosa Trin. (Agrostis filiformis, Muhl. gram.) seems to be only a variety of this species’’, in which, unintentionally perhaps, he was correct, for, as I later show, the type of Agrostis filiformis is the form of true M. mexicana with awned lemmas. The species (M. mezi- cana sensu Torrey) with “Culm . . . much branched . . - often geniculate; sheaths compressed, loose . . . is some- imes troublesome in gardens’, the latter points applying to ecies no. 1. The neglected name to which I refer is Agrostis frondosa Poir. in Lam. Encye. Suppl. i. 252 (1790). The description, noting fleruous stems, very leafy and compressed branches, purplish nodes, loose sheaths and oblong and often pur- plish panicles suggesting those of A. mexicana, are all indicative of species no. 1. Here is Poiret’s account, he giving the name because of the leafiness of the plant: 46. Acrostis feuillé Agrostis frondosa. Agrostis culmo flexuoso, articulis ramosis, foliosis; panicults coarctats; mexicana; les ramifications en forme d’épis oblongs, de couleur verte, uD peu purpurine; les fleurs petites, oblongues; les valves calicinales plus courtes que celles de la corolle, aigués, mucronées A leur sommet; celles de la corolle étroites, oblongues, aigués. ette plante croit en Allemagne. (V. s. in herb. Desfont.) Although it was supposed that Agrostis frondosa came from Germany, the name was completely disregarded in the great German floras of Gmelin, Koch and others of their period; nor does it have any recognition in the more modern and voluminous treatments by Ascherson & Graebner and by Hegi. The source, like that of so many species early reaching European collections, was evidently misunderstood, as was that of A. mezicana of Linnaeus, Jacquin and others. Nevertheless, the weedy tend- ency of species no. 1 evidently enabled it to reach Europe some- what after Poiret’s time. For instance, Lejeune & Courtols, Comp. Fl. Belg. i. 61 (1828) refer to A. ‘mexicana’ having bee? collected in Belgium, “‘e semine exotico orta’’; and Hegi, Il. Fi. 1943] Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 229 Mittel-Eur. vii. 154 (1931), refers to the recent occurrence in Germany of M. ‘“‘mexicana.’’ Whether these are true M. mexicana (‘foliosa’’) or the very different plant (our no. 1) which generally passes as M. mexicana I can not now determine. But, returning to Agrostis frondosa Poir. Roemer & Schultes, Syst. 1. 373 (1817) made it an exact synonym of their newly defined A. foliosa, saying ‘‘certissime huc spectat’”’. Steudel, who certainly understood grasses, treated it unequivocally in his Nomenclator, ed. 2: 365 (1840) as identical with various plants now placed under Muhlenbergia (including M. foliosa, ete., but not M. mexicana, which Steudel retained in the true sense). Hooker filius & Jackson in Index Kewensis, placed it, also with- out question, in the all-inclusive M. mexicana of their period. As already noted, Poiret’s “‘culmo flexuoso . . . de chacune de ces articulations il sort des rameux feuillés, comprimés, égale- ment flexueux . . . Les feuilles . . . nombreuses; leur gaine liche, . . . Les panicules . . . les ramifications en forme d’épis oblongs” are reasonably good characterizations of our common so-called M. mexicana; no other species involved in the problem has lax and compressed sheaths. I am, therefore, subject to verification when the type can be studied, identifying M. mexicana of recent authors with AGrosTIs FRONDOSA Poiret. The name Muhlenbergia foliosa (Roemer & Schultes) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 196 (1824) rests for typification upon Agrostis foliosa Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. ii. 373 (1817). As currently treated M. foliosa is an erect plant with few erect branches; scabrous-puberulent internodes; firm ascending leaves; ‘‘panicles mostly exserted, often rather long-exserted, narrow, of numerous short appressed densely flowered somewhat aggregate branches’”’ (Hitchcock), the branches densely flowered to base; the spikelets subsessile or short-pedicelled; glumes subequal and subulate- tipped (only rarely definitely awned), firm and herbaceous; the usually awnless lemma of similar texture; the mature florets tardily dropping and tightly embracing the slenderly ellipsoid grain (1.3-1.6 mm. long), the plant, my no. 2, which I identify with M. mexicana in the strict sense. Roemer & Schultes evidently supposed that Poiret’s Agrostis frondosa was the plant in cultivation under the equivalent name, A. foliosa, and their glumes unequal, with hispid awns (“calycibus inaequalibus aris- 230 Rhodora [JUNE tatis hispidis”) might well have been derived from A. frondosa; but their lemma and palea unequal, the former awned at tip and the culm much branched, erect (“corollis . . . inaequalibus valvulé majore apice aristata, culmo ramosissimo erecto’’) sug- gest M. sylvatica! Roemer & Schultes had two varieties: ‘ee paniculis viridibus” to which they assigned A. filiformis Willd. ; and “8. paniculis rubicundis” to which they assigned A. frondosa Poir. The latter has already been discussed. The two subdivisions of their Agrostis foliosa were borrowed in part from Willdenow, who had described, also from cultivated plants, A. filiformis Willd. Hort. Bot. Berol. i. 95 (1809); but without including in it A. frondosa Poir. % for) SP op) a, © th ‘ae | — ia) = S: S =, & DR so) © Bae bee 3 = to] o _ ix} Agrostis foliosa Hortulanorum. Habitat in America boreali. 2. D. ; Polypogone diversa calycibus corolla brevioribus. Habitu accedit ad A. mexicanam, sed calycibus, corollis, inflorescentia tenuiore, et florescentia serotina diversa. Varietas 8 robustior. A photograph of Willdenow’s type of Agrostis filiformis, most kindly presented to me by Professor Diels, shows the slenderest extreme of Muhlenbergia mexicana, the plant usually passing a A. foliosa; but the awns at the tips of the lemmas show that it 1s the form known as A. foliosa, forma ambigua (Torr.) Wieg. The exact identity of the plants of Roemer & Schultes must await opportunity to study them. In the mean time, however, the very liberal fragments of what was taken as the type of Roemer & Schultes have been sent me from the National Herbarium at Washington for study. Portions of this material are reproduced as PLATE 749, Fics. 1, 2 and 3. They certainly belong to the species which has erroneously passed as M. mexicana; and since the name Agrostis foliosa Roemer & Schultes was nomenclaturally a substitute for A. frondosa Poir. and, therefore, illegitimate, it is fortunate that the Roemer & Schultes type belongs so un- equivocally to the species which I take to be A. frondosa of Poiret. 1943] Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 231 M. sYLVATICA MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA TORR. IS, APPARENTLY, CORRECTLY * ° ° . * UNDERSTOOD! A. northeastern variety of it will be published on a succeeding page. ‘ M. raceMosa (PLatsEs 753 and 754) Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) BSP., on the other hand, has been quite misinterpreted. This misinterpretation arose through the fact that most specimens reaching the European herbaria and the plant best known to botanists of Cambridge, New York and Washington is the very different M. setosa (Spreng.) Trin., with erect, slender and usually simple culms with scabrous-puberulent internodes, typical of bogs, wet meadows and shores and doubt- less suggesting to the manufacturer of “English” names the pseu- donym ‘‘Marsh Muhly”, commented upon on p. 222. Agrostis racemosa Michx., basis of the very recent and by its authors not understood combination M. racemosa (Michx.) BSP. Prelim. Cat. N. Y. 67 (1888), ‘“Presumably based on Agrostis racemosa Michx.”’ (Hitchcock), is a wholly different species of the interior of the continent and almost unknown in herbaria prior to 1850. It was finally recognized as M. glomerata, var. ramosa Vasey, Descr.. Cat. Grasses U. S. 40 (1886) but Vasey did not see the really distinctive characters. Muhlenbergia setosa (or glomerata) has the culms unbranched or with few erect basal branches; opaque and scabrous-puberulent internodes; leaf-sheath with rounded midrib and minute usually hidden ligule; conspicuous anthers 1-1.5 mm. long; oblong- cylindric grain easily freed and 1.2-1.5 mm. long; the species with transcontinental boreal range and intrusions southward, east and west, in paludal habitats. M. racemosa, on the other hand, is a plant of the dry interior, often ‘‘in the dryest of soil’, with culms usually stiffly branched at the middle nodes; the internodes lustrous and glabrous; the leaf-sheath keeled; the ligule prolonged; the anthers only 0.5-0.8 mm. long; the tightly embraced linear-cylindric grain 1.8-2.2 mm. long. Michaux’s original description was too general to note any of the specific points, and his habitat, “in ripis sabulosis inundatis fluminis Mississipi” inconclusive. The photograph of the type before me shows, however, the high-branching culm and the 232 Rhodora [JUNE characteristic stiffly glomerulate-spiciform panicles of M. glomer- ata, var. ramosa; and examination by me of the Michaux speci- mens in 1930 revealed the glabrous internodes and tiny anthers. The name Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) BSP. should be restricted to the plant of the interior later described as M. glomerata, var. ramosa. M. setosa (PLatTEs 755-757) Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191, pl. 5, fig. 10 (1824) rests upon Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. PI. 87 (1809), which was described in great detail, the simple diag- nosis and accompanying statements being *2, POLYPOGON glomer P. panicula pear ‘subspicata, ealycibus subulatis scabris, culmo adscendente bas os Agrostis festavaides ‘Mi ahlenbeng in litt. Habitat in America boreali 2. D. Since the plant was received from Muhlenberg, it presumably came from eastern Pennsylvania. The very long description following the diagnosis may be abbreviated. “Folia rigidiuscula Ligula brevissima Vaginae foli- orum solutae. Pantouta glomerato-spicata obtusiuscula, ramis brevis- simis adpressis flexuosi eae Gye... 4 ristatus corolla lon- gior, nervo medio viridi, una cum arista scabro . . . Basis corollae pilis aliquot est instructa Habitu accedit quodammodo 4 Agrostidem mexicanam, sed recedit ab hoc genere calyce aristato, et est vera Polypogonis species.” The type, for a photograph (our PLATE 756, FIG. 1) of which I am indebted to Professor Diels, consists of four plants of the characteristic species (MAP 1) growing in bogs and wet meadows from western Nova Scotia and southern Maine to southern Ontario and Michigan, south to southern New England, northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, mountains to North Carolina, an Indiana. There is no question about the identity of M uhlen- bergia glomerata; but a second plant (map 2), also of simple habit or branched usually from the base, with puberulent internodes, large anthers and short grains, occurs farther north, from New- foundland to Alberta, south to Nova Scotia and Maine, northern Massachusetts, Connattioat: New York, central Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Wyoming, Nevada and Oregon. This is Daitylopiesene cinnoides Link, Hort. Berol. il. 1943] Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 233 Map 1 (upper), — Lipids of MUHLENBERGIA SETOSA; MAP 2 (lower), of M. SETOSA, var. CINNO 234 Rhodora JUNE 248 (1833), described in great detail from plants raised from seed from northwestern Canada sent by Dr. John Richardson. The genus Dactylogramma Link was based on this material, Link separating it from Cinna. From the very full description the following points are drawn: “Caulis erectus parum ramosus . . . Panicula tenuis glomerata. Valvae subaequales longissime oe quasi aristatae, ene longi- res. Valvu ongis adpressis ad margin ee sub repens, th pedes altus . . . inferne vilis brevis- imis pubescens gula brevis truncata. Panicula 2-4 poll. fone: sar subdistantibus Seeeviaits superne approximatis, ramulis conglomeratis The description is vivid; the photograph (our PLATE 757, FIG. 1) of Link’s type sent me by Professor Diels unequivocal. The more northern Dactylogramma cinnoides differs in several characters from the relatively southern Muhlenbergia glomerata. In the latter the flowering culms bear 7-15 leaves, many of them often crowded and overlapping at the middle nodes; in the former there are 5-8 (rarely —10) more scattered leaves. In M. glomeraia the panicle, as correctly defined by Willdenow, has round-tipped spikes mostly crowded to form a subcontinuous lobulate-spiciform inflorescence; in D. cinnoides the spikes or branches, except the upper, are more scattered or subdistant and less rounded at summit. In M. glomerata the inflorescence is often purplish, sometimes green; in D. cinnoides green, though sometimes purplish. The panicle of M. glomerata has a misty appearance, the awns and glumes not sharply visible. This comes from the copiously hispid keels and awns. In D. cinnoides the panicle has the glumes and awns more clearly visible, the keels and awns being merely scabrous with definitely shorter trichomes. These differences, with no appreciable difference in anthers and grains, seem to me varietal, rather than specific, and I am treating D. cinnoides as a northern geographic variety of the more southern plant. Unfortunately, however, there is an earlier valid specific name for true Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin., which was based on Polypogon glomeratus Willd. (1809). This is Polypoge” setosus Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 31 (1807). That it is specifically identical with the Muhlenberg material which formed the basis of Willdenow’s species is clear from the description; the photo 1943] | Fernald,—Rhizomatous Species of Muhlenbergia 235 graph of Sprengel’s type (our pLATE 755, Fic. 1), for which I am also indebted to Professor Diels, is certainly of the plant of eastern Pennsylvania. Sprengel’s description was to the point: 9. PoLypocon seETosus, panicula spicaeformi, glumis acuminatis aristatis scabris, foliis involutis rigidis. ulmus teres, glaber, foliosus, pedalis. Folia glabra, vaginantia, involuta, rigida. Panicula terminalis, parumper ex ultimo folio emergens, fusca, densé spicaeformis, ramulis glomerstis contractis. Gluma calycina valvulis acuminatis scabris aristatis, uniflora, corolla paullo maior. Gluma corallina valvulis acuminatis muticis. Pensylvania. Muhlen In his De Graminibus Unifloris et Sesquifloris, 195 (1824), after properly transferring several species to Muhlenbergia, Trinius took a short cut and merely stated that certain species belonged to that genus: “Ad sectionem a (Muiihlenbergiam) pertinent: . . . Polypogon setosus Spreng.’’, but the combi- nation, ascribed to Trinius at this place and with the correct synonym, M. glomerata, was made in Index Kewensis. The species with culms simple or sparingly branched at base and with scabrous-puberulent internodes, large anthers and small grains is, then, M. serosa (Spreng.) Trin. ex Hook. f. & Jackson, Ind. Kew. ii. 209 (1894), Summarizing this rather verbose but seemingly necessary dis- cussion, the five species of Muhlenbergia specially considered resolve themselves as follows (omitting M. sylvatica which, except for the designation of a variety, is unchanged). In order to clarify the complex questions I am reproducing photographs of types in so far as they are before me and sufficiently clear for reproduction. These I am supplementing by some of Dr. Bernice G. Schubert’s very clear enlargements of pertinent details. MUHLENBERGIA frondosa (Poir.), comb. nov. Agrostis frondosa Poir. in Lam. Enecye. Suppl. i. 252 (1790). A. foliosa Schultes, Syst. ii. 373 (1817), substitute-name for A. frondosa. M. foliosa (Roem. & Schultes) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 196 ve ioe a re- cent auth. “ML mexicana sensu most recent auth., not (L.) T For cee characters see no. 1 in key. PLaTEs 749 and 750. M. nposA, forma commutata (Scribn.), comb. nov. M. Bepeer ypeenanr (as subsp.) gee in Ruopora, ix. 18 (1907), at least as to TrPE, Fernald, 522 , designated by Hitche. Man. 890 Ftcaide where Sedbnar’ 8 T tinal ““n. subsp is cited as ‘“‘var.’’ M. mexicana, var. ee (Scribn.) Fava in Rep. Mich. ata “Sei. xvii. 181 (1916). M. commutata 236 Rhodora [JUNE (Seribn.) Bush in Am. Midl. Nat. vi. . tba M. mexicana, forma commutata gee Wiegand in Ruopora, xxvi. 1 (1924). M. mexicana (L.) Trin. Brae. Unifl. 189 (1824). Ageay mexicana L. Mant. i. 31 (1767); Jacq. f. Eclog. Pl. Rar.-Gra Fase. ter. et quart. 44, t. 80 (1813). For other synonyms based on A. mexicana see _Hiteheoe k. M. foliosa sensu most recent auth., not (R. & S.) Trin. For diagnostic characters see no. 2 in a7 ’PLates 751 and ue MEXICANA forma ambigua (Torr.), comb. nov. Agrost? fgorm acne een ap i. 95 (1809). Cinna filiformis (Willd.) Enum. i. 70 (1821). Se ery lateriflora, var. filiformis cwiia) Torr. Fl. N. Mid. U.S. 86 (1823). M. ambigua Torr. in Nicollet, Rep. Miss. 164 (1843). M. mexicana fliformis (Willd.) Scribn. in Mem. oe rr. Bot. Cl. v. 36 (1894). M. foliosa ambigua (Torr.) Seribn. Ruopora ix. 20 (1907). M. ambigua, var. ere (W ilid.) Farwell in Mich. Acad. Sci. Rep. xx. 168 (1919). M. foliosa, forma ambigua (Torr.) Wiegand in RHoDORA, xxvi. 1 (1924). M. MEXICANA, aes se (S. Wats.), comb. nov. M. sylvatica, var. setig lumis 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Paral. v. 378 (1871). M. foliosa sete aries (S. Wats.) Seribn. in RHopo- ix. 20 (1907).
    A { AN ~ Rae Ae Sir Be se, | rh Pe ae | is L Baie e i Le f n \, z bad if rs z ey Oe oem on al : a Y/ > LYS i- eae H I mr Pande Peed x i| 3 sat? a cd ek ee ; he , mec NN +\4 Pee 1 ee Bae ees “Kage \! a v. “its mo , hae a git fa “Ss ~~ afer rs a ais 3 Range of 1, RHYNCHOSPORA CAPITELLATA; 2, R. GLOMERATA, var. TYPICA; , R. GLOMERATA, var. ANGUSTA; 4, R. MIcROCEPHALA; 5, R. CEPHALANTHA, var. PLEIOCEPHALA; 6, R, CEPHALANTHA, Var. ATTENUATA; 7, R. CEPHALANTHA, ' var. TYPICA; 8, R. CHALAROCEPHALA; 9, R. ALBA 19441 Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 121 both f. discutiens and f. controversa under R. capitellata. R. cephalantha var. typica f. antrorsa and var. pleiocephala f. con- troversa bring into line the hitherto neglected phases of that species. 6. R. aupa (L.) Vahl. Caespitose, often densely so: leaves slenderly linear, 0.5-2.5 mm. wide, flat, becoming slightly carinate and then obscurely setaceous on keel and margins: culms slender, erect, ee 0.7-7 dm. high: fascicles 1-3, turbinate, 0.7— re vide; the smaller lateral fascicles exserted on slender, erect si ap spikelets ovoid, 3.5-5 mm. long, 2- (rarely) 2. flowered, often maturing 2 achenes, but if 1-fruited the spikelet terminated by an immature floret: fertile scales characteristi- cally whitish ‘be pale rufous, mucronate: bristles 10-12, stiffly connivent, obviously arranged i in 2:series on the elongated stipe, retrorsely "barbed, sparingly villous at the base, falling short of to exceeding the tubercle: achene pyriform, lenticular, biconvex, obscurely margined, with a prominent pale disc, irregularly lined, then generally darker toward the margins and faintly rugulose, 0.9-1.2 mm. wide, 1.6—-1.8 ee) mm. long: tubercle attenuate-subulate, compressed, 0.6-1. . long; the narrow base not equalling the breadth of Ao clan of the achene. PLatE 819, rigs. 4A and 4B; Map 9.—Enum. i. 236 (1806) ; Cyp. i. no. 92 (1834) and Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 213, pl. 6, fig. 24 (1835) ; Boeckeler, ee XXXVil. 570 (1873); Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 277, fig. 651 (1896), i in part k. macra (Clarke) Small; Clarke in Urban , Symb. Ant. ii. 124 (1900); Britton, Man. 185 (1901), R. macra (Britt,) ect - to specimens from Florida; Robinson & Fernald in Gray ed. 7: 200, fig. 323 (1908) ; Small, Fl. 194 (1903) and Reet 180 (1933); M. L. Green, List of Standard Species of Nom. Conserv. 9, no. 492 (1926), mimeo- graphed; Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 689, fig. 248 (1935); Fernald, Ruopora, xliv. 371 (1942). Schoenus albus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1 44 (1753); Fl. Danica ii. 5, pl. 320 Sree Michaux, Fl. Bor. nes i. 34 (1803). R. alba var. macra sensu Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 201 ee non Disko R. luquillensis Brit- ton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 1. 56 (1923); Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 103 (1928). Triodon albus Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. xix. 253 (1917). Phaeocephalum album House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920). Dichromena alba Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. iv. 166 (1929).—Common in open sphagnum bogs from Newfoundland to Maryland, = in Virginia, southward only in scattered mountain bogs of Wes Virginia, North Carolina and Puerto Rico; inland to the area at the Great Lakes and Saskatchewan (one collection), reappearing to the west in northern Idaho and along the Pacific coast from 122 Rhodora [APRIL northern California to southern Alaska; also in northern Eurasia. The citation of specimens of this well known and clearly defined species is limited to those from the outlying portions of its range. QUEBEC: openings in marly Arbor Vitae swamp, mouth of Bona- venture River, Bonaventure Co., Collins, Fernald & Pease, no. 5819 (G); open peaty spots in larch swamp, Grindstone, Grind- stone Island, Fernald, Long, & St. John, no. 7015 (G, P); dans les tourbiéres, Isle 4 la Proie, Archipel de Mingan, V2ctorin, no. 20225 (G); Father Point, Williamson, no. 1090 (P); in peat bogs, St. Hubert, Chambly Co., July, 1910, Victorin (US); tourbiére flottante, 93 miles au nord de Mont-Laurier, route Mont- aurier, Senneterre, Marie-Victorin, Rolland-Germain & Blain, no. 309 (G). DrLaware: New Castle, New Castle Co., Tatnall (G); swamps near Laurel, Sussex Co., Aug. 19, 1880, Commons (P). Maryuanp: 4 miles north of Salisbury, Wicomico Co., Shreve & Jones, no. 1278 (US); peat bog, Glenburnie, Anne Arundel Co., Aug. 19, 1905, Chrysler (G); Suitland Bog, Prince George Co., C. P. Smith, no. 3192 (CA); open white gravel bog, Powder Mill Bogs, near Lewiston, Prince George Co., Blake, no. 10671 (G); sphagnous bog, northwest of Mountain Lake Park and vicinity, Garrett Co., on the Alleghany Plateau, alt. 720 m., Steele, no. 77 (US). Vireinta: wooded swamp of North Landing River, west of Pungo Ferry, Princess Anne Co., Fernald & Long, no. 13899 (G). Wersr Viraginta: Aurora and vicinity, Preston Co., alt. about 3000 ft., Aug. 15-Sept., Steele & Steele (NY, US). ORTH CAROLINA: roadside between Sparta and Roaring Gap, Alleghany Co., Blomquist, no. 5612 (D). SasKaTCHEWAN: bog, Dahlton, Aug. 9, 1936, Breitung (NY). Ipauo: Priest Lake, Bonner Co., Piper, no. 3756 (G, US); Minard’s Bay, Bonner Co., Priest Lake, alt. 660 m., MacDougal, no. 294 (NY). CALIFORNIA: Inglenook Swamp, Mendocino Co., Congdon, no. 67092 (G, US). Orecon: Hall, no. 568 (G); bog near Florence, Roosevelt High- way, Lane Co., Henderson, no. 13978 (P). WASHINGTON: in quaking sphagnum bog, Fazon Lake, Whatcom Co., Muenscher, no. 10145 (G); in floating bogs in Samish Lake, Whatcom Co., Suksdorf, no. 1014 (G, NY, US); bogs, rare, Seattle, King Co., Piper, no. 1121 (G, NY); in sphagnum bog, 28 miles south of acoma on Mt. Rainier Road, Pierce Co., Abrams, no. 9232 (NY); Wreck Creek Prairie near Granville, Chehalis Co., Howell, no. 374 (NY, P, US); bog, edge of ditch, Onslow Station, N. P: -, 20 miles northwest of Hoquiam, Grays Harbor Co., Foster, no. 870 (US); bogs, Moclips, Grays Harbor Co., Cowles, no. 619 (G, Mo); in damp meadows of Baker Prairies, Grays Harbor Co., McGee, no. 556 (CA). British Cotumsta: Fort Rupert, Vancouver Island, 1904, Hunt (NY); Vancouver, Aug. 28, 1893, Macoun (US); meadows, boggy and rocky, of northwest part of Calvert Island, south of Kwatshua, McCabe, no. 3083 ia i i a a al diets i + a ten ene per aia ores ae 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 123 (G); muskegs in sphagnum in wet places, borders of ponds, Smyth Island, Bardswell Group, McCabe, no. 3184 (G). ALASKA: sphagnum bog, Wrangell, Walker & Walker, no. 728 (G); Sani- tarium, Anderson, no. 290 (US, immature); bog, Ketchikan, Cowles, no. 1408 (US); vicinity of Loring, summer, 1903, Cham- berlain (US, immature); in marshes near Yes Bay, Howell, no. 1683 (NY, US, immature); upland meadows, Back Bay, Gorman, no. 122 (NY, US, immature); marshy margin of lake, Prince of Wales Island, Walker & Walker, no. 904 (CU, G, NY, US). Puerto Rico: rocks, summit of El Yunque, alt. 1050 m., Gleason & Cook, no. X-86 (NY) and Britton & Bruner, no. 7626 (NY); Sierra Luquillo, Hioram, no. 364 (NY, Type of R. luquillensis; US, IsoTYPE). Britton’s R. luquillensis from the eastern mountains of Puerto Rico is morphologically inseparable from phases of R. alba. In general appearance it closely resembles the short, thickly caespi- tose specimens of R. alba collected on the Newfoundland table- lands. Gleason & Cook, no. X-86 is especially similar to Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2753. Also the spikelets of the Puerto Rican material, like those of the continental R. alba, are 1—3-fruited and usually (if 1-fruited, invariably) terminated by a sterile floret; and the achenes are identical with those of A. alba in all particulars. Pfeiffer! has published R. alba var. meridianus, based on speci- mens collected by Liitzelburg in northeastern Brazil. He states in the description that the bristles are 6-8, which seems to indicate that his plants vary, at least in this respect, from the typical. Unfortunately, I have not seen any of his material, for it would be interesting to compare it with the specimens from Puerto Rico. and borders of rills on peaty slopes, Great Barachois (or Barasway Bay), District of Burgeo and La Poile, Sept. 11, 1926, Fernald, Long & Fogg, no. 119 (G); bare spots on peaty and gravelly slopes, French (or Tweed) Island, Bay of Islands, Sept. 2, 1926, Fernald, Long & Fogg, no. 118 (G, Type); wet bog-barrens, Trepassey, Avalon Peninsula, Aug. 16, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26344 (G); shallow pond-holes in tundra west of 1 Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. xxxiii. 210 (1933). 124 Rhodora [APRIL Rushy Pond, Valley of Exploits River, Aug. 28, 1911, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4718 (G); heath on diorite tableland, Lookout Mt., Bonne Bay, alt. about 380 m., Aug. 26, 1910, Fernald & 5 Harry’s Brook, Aug. 9, 1929, R. B. Kennedy, no. 71072 (G); patches of damp peat with Utricularia, Middle Ridge, July 26, 1937, Moir, no. 41 (G). MrqurLon: maricages, tourbiére prés du pont de Miquelon, July 31, 1901, Arséne, no. 98 (G). QUEBEC: dans la grande tourbiére, Saint Charles de Bellechasse, Aug. 11, 1925, Rousseau, no. 20224 (G); Nah eee swamp, Natashquan, Saguenay Co., Sept. 4, 1915, St. John, no. 90201 (G). Nova Scotia: cg tibey pockets i in sandy plains, Middleton, Annap- olis Co., July 20, 1920, Bean & White, no. 20267 (G). PENNSYL- VANIA: ‘Vicinity ie lento: Lehigh Co., Pretz, no. 7793 (P); open (calcareous) marshy meadow, vicinity of Allentown, Lehigh o., Preiz, no. 10361 (P). Wisconsin: Oneida Reservation, July ricereere ee (G). British Cotumsta: Lulu Island, Aug. 11, BEA niger! (Clarke) Small. Caespitose: leaves 1.5-3.5 mm. wide, flat, ascending; upper margins serrulate: culms peal smaller, on slender exserted peduncles: a ikalote ovoid, 4-5 mm long, invariably 1-flowered, with the achene terminating the axis: seales mucronulate, rusty: bristles 18-20, obviously arranged in at least two series, connivent, exceeding the tubercle; the barbs of the distal portion retrorse, Abana their direction in the proximal half, and lengthened into a few hairs at the base: achene pyriform, lenticular, ra: 4 mm. wide, 2-2.1 mm. long; the base somewhat attenuate as in R, alba; the surface obscurely rugulose, pale over the umbonal region, irregularly lined, then generally darkened toward the margins: tubercle narrowly subulate, compressed, 1 mm. long; the base not verry the summit of the achene. PLate 820, ng 3A and 3B; Map 12.— pe 180 (1933). R. alba var. macra Clarke ex tae Than 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 125 Texas: sandy bogs, Grapeland, Houston Co., Palmer, no. 14404 (Mo) and no. 12844 (Mo); 2 miles south of Grap eland, Houston , Cory, no. 26080 (CU); Drummond, no. O81 (NY, ISOTYPE, srehateney This species, known only from Georgia, Florida, Mississippi and Texas,! was set off from R. alba Vahl by Clarke. He described it as having “clusters larger, sometimes 3 mm. broad, bristles more numerous 15-20.”’ In 1933 Small elevated R. alba var. macra Clarke to specific rank without adding anything of note to the original description. On examination, however, the spikelets of R. macra prove to differ from those of R. alba in several characters. In the former species each spikelet is invariably 1-flowered so that the single maturing achene terminates the axis. In R. alba, on the contrary, each spikelet.is 2- (more rarely) 3-flowered. Commonly two achenes mature, the upper- most of which may or may not terminate the axis, depending upon the presence or absence of a third almost invariably sterile floret. If the spikelet is 1-fruited, however, the achene is always succeeded by a sterile floret. It is the presence in R. macra of a consistently 1-flowered spikelet, coupled with its generally grosser habit, its increased number of bristles, and larger achene that leads me to agree with Small in thinking it to be a good species. 8. R. KNigskERNII Carey. Caespitose: leaves ap somone ceous to 1.8 mm. wide, involute when dry, smooth, serrulate on margins and keel: culm slender to filiform, jeraius 1.5-5 dm. high: terminal fascicle 0.4-1 em. wide; 2-3 lateral fascicles remote at intervals along the entire length of the culm, with peduncles included: spikelets ovoid, 2—2.8 mm. long, su sessile, 2-3-fruited, terminated by a sterile Hoxets ohne encucous, castaneous to dark brown; lower scales apiculate, upper on slightly so: bristles 6, stiffly erect, retrorsely ie, falling short of to pyhad exceeding the body of the achene: achene obovoid, 0.6—-0.8 mm. wide, 1.1-1.3 mm. long, lenticular, bicon- vex, nearly reads rugulose, a shining yellow-brown in the center, becoming fragmentarily lined, then generally darker toward the margins: plat deltoid-subulate, sme lea 0.4-0.6 mm. high. Pua ead ries. 2A and 2B; Am. Journ. Sci. Ser. 2: a 5 847); Gray, Man. hers 11848); Britton & Beswis Ill. Fl. i. O78, fig. 653 (1896); Britton, Man. 185 (1901); Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 201, fig. 325 (1908). R. Grayana Knieskern ex Carey, Am. Journ. s of R. macra from New England are erroneous, being founded on specimens of R. prog exhibiting gigantism. 126 Rhodora [APRIL Sci. Ser. 2: iv. 25 (1847), as synonym, non R. Gray nap ere ines petty Knieskernii (misspelled Kneiskernit) House, and Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Moist places in pine barrens ‘of Nee epee and Delaware. New JersEY: Point Hollow, 1843, Knieskern (NY, TYPE, annotated by poe Nt pe woods, Sh ark River, Monmouth Co., Mackenzie, no. 8003 (NY, P); (0 n bog iron ore?) sandy bogs southeast of Bamber, Ocean Co., Aug. 25, 1909, Long (G, P); dominant on iron ore banks near Atsion, matey Co., Aug. 26, 1867, Parker, (G, P); moist humus, Parkdale, Camden Co., Pennell, no. 9030 (NY); pinelands, Egg Harbor City, Atlantic Co., Mackenzie, no. 8050 (NY). DeELa- WARE: swamps, Baltimore Hundred, Sussex Co., Sept. 10, 1875, Commons (P); swamp, near Gumboro, Sussex Co., Aug. 5, 1874, Commons (P). First distributed under the herbarium-name, R. Grayana Knieskern, this rare little species of the New Jersey and Dela- ware pine barrens was later described and published by Carey in 1847 as R. Knieskernii, the change in name being made because of R. Grayii of Kunth, 1839. : 9. R. cAPILLACEA Torr. Caespitose: leaves filiform-setaceous, involute, at least on drying, becoming slightly carinate then serrulate on keel and margins: culms flexuous-erect, capillary, 0.9-4 dm. high: fascicles ovoid, erect with 1—-10-spikelets, 3-8 mm. wide; the single lateral fascicle remote on a subincluded peduncle: spikelets lanceolate to fusiform, 5-6 mm. long, erect, sessile or nearly so, 1—5-fruited: fertile scales eer RS to dark brown with the prominent midrib prolonged into a short mucro: bristles 6, erect to ascending, retrorsely G iallnte, falling short of to exceeding the tubercle: achene 0.8-1 mm. wide 2mm rigs. 2A and 2B; 10. Mid. St. Py ae sae and Ann. Lye. N. Yi iii. 366 6 (1836); ney ae o bier: and Ann. | ye. N. Y. iii. 214, os a 835) ‘and : Man ed 7: 201, fig. 324 (1908). R. setacea crate MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Valley, 104 (1892), non Vahl. Schoenus setaceus Muhlenberg, Descrip. Gram. 6 (1817), non Vahl. Triodon capil- laceus [a] Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. xv. 167 (1913). Phaeo- recom capillaceum Farwell, Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. xxi. 361 (1920).—Sporadic in marly bogs and on calcareous ledges from the western coast of Newioundland through southern Pennsyl- 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 127 vania; more common inland in the region of the Great Lakes (excepting Lake Superior), south through Ohio, with scattered stations in western Virginia, Tennessee, northern Iowa, northern North Dakota, and Saskatchewan, and a concentration in southeastern Missouri. Cited specimens of this clear-cut species are limited to those from the extremities of the range. NeEw- FOUNDLAND: in bogs, Bonne Bay, July 26, 1930, Jansson (G, f. leviseta); Harry’s Brook near Dump Pool, R. B. Kennedy, no. 920 (G, f. leviseta). QUEBEC: open spots, marly Arbor Vitae swamps, mouth of Bonaventure River, Bonaventure Co., Collins, Fernald & Pease, no.4774 (G). New Brunswick: crevices of wet calcareous ledges, Gorge of Aroostook River, Victoria Co., Robinson & Fernald in Pl. Exsic. Gray., no. 44 (CA, CU, G, NE, NY, P, US). Marne: calcareous ledges, Ft. Fairfield (above mouth of Aroostook River), Aroostook Co., July 11, 1893, Fernald (NE); ledgy river bank, Winslow, Kenne- bec Co., Fernald, no. 2785 (NE, f. leviseta). Vermont: 4th of July Slide, Mt. Willoughby, Orleans Co., Aug. 15, 1896, Faxon (NE, NY, US). Connecticut: border of pond, Salisbury, Aug. 28, 1910, Phelps (G, NE). New Yorx: Watertown, Jefferson Co., 1834, Gray (NY, cited by Gray). New Jersey: limestone sink, White Pond, Sussex Co., Mackenzie, no. 4766 (NY); marl beach, White Pond, Warren Co., Griscom, no. 12120 (G). PENN- SYLVANIA: one mile east of Johnsonville, Northampton Co., Sept. 2, 1907, Van Pelt (G, P); in limestone, Dillerville Swamp, Lancaster Co., July 16, 1901, Heller (G; US, no. 4839). Vir- GINIA: boggy meadow fed by springs in limestone area, vicinity of Watauga, Washington Co., Carr, no. 585 (Penn.) Onto: cedar swamp, Champaign Co., Werner, no. 170% (NY); rather abundant in bog, Cedar Swamp, vicinity of Tremont City, Clark Co., Leonard, no. 2090 (US); Paxton, Ross Co., Aug. 1933, Pontius & Bartley (US). TeNNeEssEE: dolomitic limestone, Cedar Creek, Campbell Co., Underwood, no. 163 (CU). Iowa: bog, Estherville, Emmet Co., Walden, no. 1113 (G); marshy zone around springs emerging from a knoll 5 miles east of Ruth- ven south of the viaduct over Highway 18, Highland, Palo Alto Co., A. Hayden, no. 742 (G, P); abundant, forming a zone around a hanging bog, southwest of Silver Lake, Silver Lake, Dickinson Co., A. Hayden, no. 10886 (P); marshy plain in a hanging bog, Logan, Clay Co., A. Hayden, no. 8040 (NY). Norra Dakota: Turtle Mts., Bottineau, Bottineau Co., alt. 2000 ft. July 25, 1896, Barber (US). SASKATCHEWAN: bog, rare, 4 miles southwest of Wallwort, Breitung, no. 13 ‘ : Forma teviseta (KE. J. Hill) Fernald. Bristles smooth, other- wise identical with R. capillacea..—Ruopora, xxxvii. 252 (1935). 1 For discussion see treatment of R. capitellata f. discutiens. 128 Rhodora [APRIL Var. leviseta E. J. Hill ex Gray, Am. Nat. x. 370 (1876); Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. 278 (1896); een erst 185 (1901); Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 1 (1908). Phaeocephalum capillaceum var. levisetum Farwell een Mich. Acad. Sci. xxi. 361 (1920).—Occasional in the range of the typical form in Newfoundland, Maine and the area of the Great Lakes. With the exception of the type, representative specimens of f. leviseta have been cited with those of the typical form. InpIANA: wet pine barrens, Pine Station, head of Lake Michigan, July 28, 1875, Hill (G, Type of var. leviseta). Asa Gray, in reporting var. leviseta for Hill, mentions another possible variety of R. capillacea, characterized by 12 setae and a short ‘stipe’? which had been collected in Herkimer County, New York by J. A. Paine, 1864. The sheet in the Gray Her- barium labeled Litchfield, Hidden Lake, Herkimer County, New York, John A. Paine, 1864, is mixed. The two specimens with achenes bearing as many as 12 bristles are poorly developed R. alba (L.) Vahl. Series 2. PLumMosak (Clarke) Small, emend. Plants of damp or exsiccated pine barrens on the Coastal Plain, the West Indies and Central America. Caespitose: leaves filiform to 3 mm. wide: culms capillary to slender: inflorescence reduced to a few spike- ets or 1-2 spiciform or corymbiform fascicles: spikelets usually 1— (rarely 2-3)-fruited, pedicellate to sessile: scales castaneous to pale brown, tightly imbricated: bristles heavily plumose in at Rhynchospora, Series B. Peden Sect. 2, Plumosae Clarke i in rban, Symb. Ant. ii. 105 (1900), in part. Rhynchospora § Eriochaete Gray in Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 363 (1836); Steud. Cyp. 139 (1855). Key TO Species IN SeRrES PLUMOSAE Spikelets 1-5, remote on 1-2 gene branchlets, the lowermost of which is abruptly CVE ao ee 10. R. oligantha. Fascicles ovoid he irre: eek rymbose; achene 1.4—1.7 mm wide, 22.2 mm. long; leaves 3-3 mim. wide: 6.0, <<<. aah 'R. intermedia. Fenition spieitorn: achene 1.1-1.4 mm. aides 1.4-1.8 m long; leaves filiform to 1 TU ee 19. R. plumosa. 10. R. origaAnTHA Gray. Densely caespitose: leaves filiform- setaceous, canaliculate, smooth, blunt-tipped, ascending: culms capillary, erect or often weak, leafless, 1.6-3.7 dm. tall: inflores- cence reduced to 1-2 elongate capillary branchlets, the one erect and with 1—2-spikelets, the other abruptly divergent, with 1-3- a “ 3 q i 9 | 3 : ; E. 4 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 129 spikelets, subtended by a long filiform erect often circinately- tipped bract which appears as a continuation of the culm; rarely a single remote lateral spikelet present: spikelets ovate to lanceo- late in outline, with 2-4 florets, 1-3-fruited, pale cinnamon- brown, 4-7 mm. long; scales ovate, som metimes mucronulate, tightly imbricate: bristles 6, partially plumose, slightly shorter than the achene to exceeding the tubercle or reduced a pth achene broadly elliptic or ovate, subterete, 1. 2-2.6 mm. long, ener’ rugulose with faint longitudinal striae: tubercle conical, 0.3—-0.6 mm. in hei 10a. Var. typica. Bristles slightly shorter than the achene to exceeding the Gowtee the lower Leh covered by dense, reddish, silvery-tipped hairs; the upper portion upwardly his- pidulous: achene broadly elliptic, Taba. As mm. wide, 2.3-2.6 mm. long, occasionally having a trace of a bluish bloom over the castaneous to dark brown surface; the summit noticeably constricted under the wide basal flange of a conical-attenuate eee (0.4—0.6 mm. in height). sgeae 821, Frias. 2A ae 2B; Map 15.—R. oligantha Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 212. - ph 6 , fig. ya) (1885): Chapman, FI. So. U. s” ‘52 4 (1860), in ’ part ‘var. breviseta Gale: Gray, Man. ed. 6: 585 (1890); Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 277, fig. 650 (1896); Britton, Man. 184 (1901), ee breviseta as to specimens from Florida; Small, Fl. 194 (1903) and Man. 180 hoe Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: ae bog near th Sussex on ene 15, 1895, RTE (G, P). Norra CAROLINA: Schweinitz oe nyPE); i — clumps of wire grass, Sylvester, Worth oe Svenson, no. 7 G). Frorma: west Florida, Chapman (P). ALABAMA: about swamp, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 24, 1924, Wolf (StB); low sandy soil, Mobile, Mobile Co., May 1, 1940, Sargent (Sargent Herb.). Texas: swamps, Swan, Smith Co., Reverchon, no. 2919 (G, Mo, US); bogs, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 715 (G, US); Drummond, no. 282 (G). 10b. Var. br eviseta, var. nov. Setis plerumque ad 6 cristas villorum argenteorum reductis; saepe 1-2 prolongatis apicem versus serrulatis achaenio duplo brevioribus: achaenio ovoideo 1.6 mm. lato 2 mm. longo, caeruleo-pruinoso; tuberculo breviter 130 Rhodora [APRIL conico 0.3-0.4 mm. longo. PLATE 821, rig. 2C; Map 14.—R. oligantha sensu Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 207 (1926) and xxxii. 76 (1933); non Gray.—Low areas in pine barrens and savannas, Florida Peninsula, western Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola. FLortpa: damp pine barren, Duval Co., Fredholm, no. 5179 (G); moist pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., June, Curtiss, no. 3165 (P, US); damp pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., June 19, 1896, Curtiss, no. 5687 (G, TypE; NC, US, IsoTyPEs); near Jacksonville, Duval Co., May 26, 1893, mise pe: 4116 (US); low pine barrens, June, 1884, Curtiss (US); Winter Park, Orange Co., Apr. 1919, Francis (US); rather dry pine piece about 1144 miles south of Starke, Bradford Co., May 18, 1909, Harper, no. 39 (US); cut-over flatwoods, west of Lake Reedy, Frostproof, Polk Co., May 7, 1931, McFarlin, no. 5138 (CU); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., May, 1876, Garber (G). CuBA: in alg moist places (between Aleatrez Grande and Ale. Ch hico) at Laguna “ges Pinar del Rio, Nov. 18, 1923, Ekman, no. 18129 (NY, US); Laguna Restinga, between Palmarejo and Las Set Pinar del Rio, Nov., 1923, Ekman (NY). Hispaniona: savanna in Rhexia association, not rare, El Valle, Sabana de la Mar, prov. de amana, Cordillera ee Santo Domingo, July 11, 1930, Ekman, no. 15652 (G, NY, US). Jamarca: in small patches amongst shrubs and | grasses, Hollis’s Savanna, Upper Clarendon, alt. 2400 ft., Jan. 12, 1915, Harris, no. 12249 (NY, US). 11. R. INTERMEDIA (Chap m.) Britt. Caespitose: leaves canaliculate, carinate, 2-3 mm. wide, margins mostly upwardly serrulate: culm s terete, erect, lancer 2.5-6.7 dm. tall: fascicles 1, rarely 2, congested, irregularly corymbiform or broadly ovate in outline, 0.9-2.2 em. wide; the lateral fascicle when present smaller and eres deve! ovoid, Sasa sessile, with 2 browned, 1.4—-1. mm. wide, 2-2.2 mm. long: tubercle conical- apiculate, depressed, 0.6 mm. P aye PLATE 820, rics. 4A and 4B; Map 13.—Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 87 (1892), non Bey- rich; Small Fl. 194, 1397 (1903) and Man. 180 (1933). R. plu- mosa var. intermedia Chapman, Fl. So. U. 8. 524 (1860). BR. pineticola Clarke, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. viii. 40 (1908). Phaeo- cephalum intermedium House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). Dry sandy pine barrens, peninsula of Florida. FLortpa: Hiber- nia, Clay Co., March, 1869, Canby (NY); Gainesville, Alachua Co., March, 1876, Garbe r (NY): dry pine barrens, oy Inlet, Volusia Co., Vartan no. 3173 (CA, G, NC, NY US); Lake Butler, Orange Co., "Beckwith, no. 558 (US): Packie’ Lake i PN ae eee ae Ne RE cere Neve es 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 131 Co., Nash, no. 2020 (G, NY, P, US); dry pine barrens, Eau rallie, Indian River, Brevard Co., Curtiss, no. 5703 (D, G, NY, US); hammock near St. Cloud, Osceola Co., Small, DeWinkler & Mosier, no. 11166 (NY); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., Britton & Wilson, no. 20 (NY); flatwoods, Lee Co., Hitchcock, no. 427 (G, Y, US); Palma Sola, Manatee Co., Tracy, no. 6998 (G, NY, US); Miami, Dade Co., June, 1877, Garber (G, P, US); dry sandy ridges near coast, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 4481 (G, NY, US). R. intermedia can be arbitrarily distinguished from R. plumosa on a basis of size. Its leaves are wider, the spikelets larger, and the achene 2—2.2 mm. long in contrast to 1.6—-1.8 mm. long for that of R. plumosa. There is a pronounced tendency also for the fascicles of R. intermedia to be irregularly globose rather than elongated-spiciform. cylindric spike, occasionally 3 em. long, 1 cm. wide; a single remote lateral ‘spike’? may also occur on a slender exserted i. 58 (1816); Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 203, pl. 6, fig. 10 (1835); Chapman, FI. So. U. 8. 524 (1 . Ant. ii. 123 (1900); Small, Fl. 194 (1903) and Man. 180 (1933); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 195 (1916). BR. semi- pma : me 8S Man. 180 (1933). R. penniseta Grisebach, Cat. Fi. Cub. | (1866); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 Plain from North Carolina south to the tip of Florida, and west to Texas; also in the western provinces of Cuba, the Isle of Pines a 132 Rhodora [APRIL Range of 10, Ruyncno MACRA; 13, R. INTERMEDIA: CuapManil; 20, R. BRAcHYCHAETA; 21, R. soua; 22, R. souirarta; 23, R. upA; 24, R. rusca; 25, R. pueranrua; 26, R. Curtissi; 27, R. HARPERI; 28, R. crinipes; 29, R. ruscorpeEs; 30, R. Leproruyncna; 31, KR. Gacert; 32, R. JOVEROENSIS; 33, R. BaLpwinu: 34, R. FerNaupu; 35, R. FrLIFOLIA TT ee ee re eee eee Ee ee an nee ey eh Tee 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 133 and Central America. NortH Carouina: dry savanna, 15 miles southeast of Greenville, Pitt Co., Blomquist, no. 11252 (D); savanna at Chocowinity, Beaufort Co., Godfrey, no. 5403 (G); sandy soil, marsh, Harker’s Island, Carteret Co., Randolph & Randolph, no. 843 (G); moist black soil, low ground, cen, Onslow Co., Randolph & Randolph, no. 946 (G); savanna at Burgow, Pender Co., Godfrey, no. 4736 (G, NC); sandy pine barrens, west of Leland, Brunswick Co., W tegand as Manning, no. 619 (G); dry sandy soil, Fayetteville, Cumbe Biltmore Herb., no. 243b (CU, G, P). Sours Yap peaty excavated area in savanna at side of road, 12 miles north of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 7: (CU, DB, oN ; 4 mile south of Manning, Clarendon Co., Stone, no. 713 (P); open white sandy, oak-pine woods, 1 mile east of Eutawville, Orangeburg Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 833 (G). EORGIA: in pinetis aridis, Geor. Car Elliott (G, TyPE-PHOTO); moist pine barrens, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 893 (G, NY); low pine barrens southeast of Dublin, Laurens Co., Harper, no. 1372 (G, NY, US); areas rocks near Ohoopee River, Tattnall Co., Harper, no. 2156 (G, US); pine barren, 2 miles south of Savannah, Chatham Co., Eyles, no. 6087 (CU ); pine barrens a few miles east of Eulonia, McIntosh Co., Eyles, no. 6437 (CU); ir mney at. in piney woods, Billy Island, Charleton Co., Bradley, no. P); moist pine barrens, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 706 (NY, US): forming wiry clumps i in moist pine barrens south of Sylvester, Worth Co., Svenson, no. 6936 (CA, G); pine barren, north of Hahira, Cook Co. , Eyles, no. 3796 (CU); damp margin of cypress pond, about 1 mile north of Jakin, Early Co., Harper, no. 3629b (NY). Frioripa: dry oe e barrens near Jacksonvil e, Duval Co. is Curtiss, no. 4867 (G, NY, US); north of Macelenny, Baker Co., re no. 5864 (C U); ieee Clay Co., March, 1869, Canby P, US); Cypress-Ilex-Myrt. swamp, west of Lawtey y, Brad- ford Co., West & Arnold (CU); in a wet ditch in pineland, Gainesville, Alachua Co., O’ Neill, no. 621 (CU); moist flatwoods, Welaka, Putnam Co., June 29, 1939, Laessle, no. 17 (CU); low pine barren, Okeechobee Region, Brevard Co., Fredholm, no. 740 (G); in a low pineland, Aripeka, Pasco Co., Leonard, no. 1414 (CU); Tampa and vicinity, Hillsborough Co., May, 1897, Berg (NY); in dry sandy soil, about 5 miles north of Parrish, Manatee Co., Moldenke, no. 1052 (D, NY); Punta Gorda, De- Soto Co., Eaton, no. 1284 (G); in moist nog at at edge of ditch, Fort Myers, Lee Co., Moldenke, no. 675 (D, NY); Miami, Dade Co., Mar., 1877, Garber (G, P); in low pineland, Otter Creek, Leon Co., O’N eill, no. 725 (CU); Slgmagater Pe Franklin Co., Small, DeWinkler & Mosier, no. 11248 (NY); boggy ee: sandy meado ow, 7 miles west of Sneads, Jackson Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 678 (G); moist pine barrens, Argyle, Walton Co., BS hae: no. 6488 (G, NC, NY, US); small 134 Rhodora [APRIL savanna near coastal highway, about 12 miles east of Pensacola, Santa Rosa Co., Harper, no. 3745 (G, NY). ALABAMA: Gates- wood, Tracy, no. 8617 (G, NY, US); Mobile, Mobile Co., Sulli- vant (G). Mississippi: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Skehan, no. 22617 (G); Biloxi, Harrison Co., Tracy, no. 4861 (G, US). LOUISIANA: open pineland, 1 mile north of Abita Springs, St. ammany Parish, Pennell, no. 4154 (NY); New Orleans, 1834, Dr. Ingalls (NY, type of R. semiplumosa, very immature); wet prairies, Welsh, Jefferson Davis Parish, Palmer, no. 7669 (CA, o, P, US); low prairies, vicinity of Lake Charles, Calsasieu Parish, Mackenzie, no. 444 (Mo, NC, NY). Texas: San An- tonio, Bexar Co., Sept. 20, 1891, Plank (NY); E. Tex., Wright (G). Cusa: in sandy pinelands close to the laguna, Laguna Santa Maria, Pinar del Rio, man, no. 17250 (G); moist places, Mateo Sanchez, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17941 (US); pine woods, Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Earle, no. 756 (NY, US); Vinales, Pinar del Rio, Leon, no. 18905 (CU); Pinales, Los Almacigos Pinar del Rio ? July 29, and high pinales, Vinales, Pinar del Rio, Mar. 1, Wright, no. 3398 (G; NY, US, same number without locality); savanna, San Pedro and vicinity, Isle of Pines, Britton & Wilson, no. 14296 (G, NY, US); vicinity of Sopopo, Buenos Aires, Trinidad Mt., Santa Clara, Smith, Hodgdon & Gonzalez, no. 3341 (CU, G, US Series 3. Chapmaniae, ser. nov. Inflorescentia saepe ©¢ fasciculo solitario terminali composita: spiculis sterilibus fusi- formibus saepe numerosis: setis antrorse serrulatis achaenio short, often apiculate.—Rhynchospora III. Pusillae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. Rhynchospora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Divisio 4. Psilocarya, Sect. ii. Pauci-Nucigerae Clarke, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. viii. 119 (1908), in part. (To be continued) Soe . pO EE ne ee ee ee eee ee ee Se ee Oe ee ee ae the wees (ated Nene tins 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 159 RHYNCHOSPORA, SECTION EURHYNCHOSPORA, IN CANADA, THE UNITED STATES AND THE WEST INDIES SHIRLEY GALE (Continued from page 134) Ky TO SPECIES IN SERIES CHAPMANIAE a. apres ¢ Pepe seigestc by tiny dark pits with the exception h oth region of the disc, o oe 2 the p shes are obscured, the 34 ‘bristles equalling the sath els. 2% b. Basal leaves 4-6 m: wide, obtusely tipped d, short, forming a foouthe: distal pont n of the midribs of at least the Circe floral scales conspicuously see settee ciliate : . RR. ciliaris. b. Basal leaves 4 5-3 me: wide, acute, elongate, erect; floral ; scales not ciliate... . Se ae se 3-4, ecuailing fh Giberele 2 ye ae 14. R. solitaria. 3 2-3, rudinentaty 6.4.) 95. 52 Se ea ees 15. R. sola. a. heres or aioe a0 ae S camneks striate as the result of e crowding of pape inconspicuous oblong alveoli; bristles absent or rudimentary. ... d. Fascicles 1-3, italy ovoid; tubercle triangular-subulate; scales acute a OrisuINte os or Sees SA ee ee 16. R. brachychaeta. d. Fascicles solita Ponies rm; tubercle triangular to tri- pega alate Scales with aristate tips at least 0.3 ¢. Bases typically bulbous, sheathed by short fibrous acute te scales; floral scales silvery to-redlieh. 3... 24. 17. R. pallida. é. Duonn ellowish-brown to chestnut. oh sf personne homogeneously pale, not lustrous, 1.2-1.3 m ide, ath m. long; (Sena exceeded by 1-2 ak Btall racte hicccas 4 0 CRG a he Ne ee ae 18. R. nuda. f. Achenes ale except for a conspicuous dark patch at the base and apex, glossy, 0.8-1 mm. wide, 1-1.2 mm. racy fascicles panel St by. long. setaceous bracts which are often somewhat circinate....19. R. Chapmanat. 13. R. crurarts (Michx.) Mohr. Coarsely tufted: — leaves short, suggesting a rosette, flat, 4-6 mm. wide, their m gins and narrow keels silvery-ciliate ; median and costal veins chee a elliptic, strongly erp 2 L 5-1.6 mm. wi e, 1.8 mm. long; the surface pricked by minute pits and dark 160 Rhodora [May brown except for the rege pale central disc: tubercle broadly deltoid, compressed, 0.4-0.6 mm. high, usually wrinkled an slightly encrusted by the ae of the achene. PLATE 822, rigs. 2A and 2B; Mar 17.—Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb. vi. 408 (1901) ; Small, Man. 183 (1933). Schoenus ciliaris Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. i. B ei — R. ciliata Vahl, Enum. ii. 235 (1806): Gray, Ann. L Y. iii. 209, pl. 6, fig. 19! (1835); Chapman, Fi-Se.. UU. 8: mie! (1860); Small, FI. 196 (1903); Britton, Trans. cc ¢ CRG, et: XL. 90 (1 892). Rk. Rappiana Small, Man. 179, 1503 (1933). Phaeocephalum ciliatum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Boggy savannas and low pinelands of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina southward throughout the peninsula of Florida and west to eastern Louisiana. NortH CAROLINA: savanna at Newport, Carteret Co., Godfrey, no. 5772 (G); moist black soil, low ground, Dixon, Onslow Co. , Randolph & Randolph, no. 954 (G); pineland near Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co., Godfrey, no. 4699 (G); Supply Road, Southport, Brunswick Co., Blomquist, no. 5653 (D); pineland at Hallsboro, Columbus Co. Godfrey, no. 6252 (G, NC). SoutrH Caro ina: grass-sedge bog or savanna, 12 miles northwest of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 747 (D, G, NY, P); grass-sedge bog or savanna, 3 miles southwest of Manning, Clarendon Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 924 (G, NY); Sumter, Sumter Co., Bartram, no. 3288 (P). Grorgia: rather dry pine barrens, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 701 (G, US); intermediate pine barrens, Suwannee ake, Ware Co., J. S. Harper, no. 84 (D, P); rather dry pine barrens south of Empress, Brooks Co., Harper, no. 1630 (G, Fs ; dry soil, Valdosta, Lowndes Co., May 27, 1940, Sargent (Sargent Herb.): moist pine barrens, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 887 (G, NY, US); pine barrens, Bethesda Church, Effingham Co., Eyles, no. 6106 (CU); in meadow, New England Camp, 8 miles north of Brunswick, Glynne Co., M oldenke, no. 5207 (NY); piney woods, Billy Island, Charleton Co., July 7, 1912, Bradley (P). FLORIDA: moist ~ barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 3146 (CU, D, G, P, US); Hibernia, Clay Co., March, 1869, Canby (G, US); left side Palatka Road ‘about 1 mile from florist’ s, Gainesville, Alachua Co., West & Arnold, no. 7 (CU); low pineland near swamp on ro ad betwee ae Piskan d and New Smyrna, Volusia Co., Sept. 11, 1926, Dr. Ball? (NY, type of R. Rappiana); ine Tomoko Creek, Volusia Co. , Michaux Herb. (G, TYPE-PHOTO of Schoenus ciliaris; NY, fragment from Michx. Herb.); low pineland, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. ' Figures 18 and 19 were apparently reversed in the printing. R. ciliata is fig. 19, not 18 as listed. * The type of R. Rappiana, although undoubtedly sent to Small by Rapp, year later, followed up by a collection made by Rapp himself, was actually eit . Ball as stated on the memorandum attached to the sheet. RNa tO Oe ee S 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 161 534 (CU, G, NY, P, US); in sandy field about 3 miles west of Bithlo, Orange Co., Moldenke, no. 201 (D, NY); low pine barren, Okeechobee region, Brevard Co., Fredholm, no. 5177 (G, US); on the prairie, Kissimmee Park, Osceola Co., O’Neill, no. 6234 (CU); flatwood east of Loughman, Polk Co., McFarlin, no. 4282 (CU); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., Oct., 1877, Garber (G, P); in water’s edge, near St. Petersburg, Pinellas Co., Deam, no. 2904 (G); Braidentown (? Bradenton), Manatee Co., Tracy, no. 7126 (G, NY, US); Istokpoga Prairie between Lake Istokpoga and Kissimmee River, Highlands Co., Small & DeWinkler, no. 9056 (NY); in a low pineland 11 miles east of Okeechobee City, Okeechobee Co., O’ Neill, no. 7678 (CU); Dade Co., Nov—Dee., 1903, Eaton (NY); wet pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 862a (G, NY, US). ALaBaMa: swamp, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 21, 1926, Wolf (StB); com- 1 h 295 (NC, NY ’ Small compared his species, R. Rappiana, with R. pallida Curtis, but did not mention any possible relationship with R. ciliaris. However, Small’s species has the short, blunt-tipped tuft of basal leaves with their silvery cilia, the ciliate bracts and scales, and the pitted, strongly lenticular achene of R. ciliaris. I cannot help but think that Small neglected to compare his material with the older species, as the two are unquestionably identical. 4. R. sonrraria Harper. Sparingly caespitose or solitary: leaves linear, erect, flat, 2.5-3 mm. wide, smooth with blunt tips: culms terete or nearly so, slender, erect, smooth, 5.2-6.4 dm. high: inflorescence a single turbinate to subhemispherical fascicle, 1.5 cm. wide: spikelets lanceolate to fusiform, 6-7 mm. long, acuminate, sessile, 1-flowered, split open by the maturing achene: scales chestnut, with an aristate tip 0.6-0.8 mm. long: stamens 2: bristles 3-4, extremely fragile, upwardly serrulate, equalling the tubercle: achene obovate, lenticular, 1.3 mm. wide, 1.4 mm. long; the surface, with the exception of a pale smooth disc, brown and pitted: tubercle triangular-apiculate, compressed, 0.6 mm. long. Prats 822, rigs 4A and 4B; Map 22.—Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxviii. 468 (1901); Small, Fl. 193 (1903) and Man. 182 (1933). Phaeocephalum solitare House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Southern Georgia. Gxroreta: moist pine bar- 162 Rhodora [May rens, Tifton, Berrien Co., Harper, no. 668 (NY, TYPE; G, ISOTYPE) and no. 1677 (G, US) At first glance R. solitaria appears very similar to R. pallida M. A. Curtis, but its details—the simple non-tuberous bases, blunt-tipped leaves, terete culm, chestnut spikelets, aristate scales, well developed bristles and pricked surface of the achene— indicate that it is clearly a distinct species which, so far as I am aware, is known only from collections made in the type-locality. 15. R. sola, sp. nov. Planta laxe caespitosa: foliis erectis valde involutis saltem siccatis 1.0-1.5 mm. latis; apicibu obtusis: culmis subteretibus, tenuibus, erectis, saepe flexilibus, 3.2—5.7 dm. altis; inflorescentia ex fascicu o uno parvo compacto turbinato vel hemisphaerico 0.8-1 em. lato constata; bracteis obscuris fasciculum non aapbrenkiius? spiculis lanceolatis, con- fertis, sessilibus 2-floris, monocarpis, 5 mm. longis: squamis mucronatis, dense imbricatis castaneis: setis 2-3, rudimentariis, antrorse serrulatis: achaenio valde lenticulari-obovoideo 1.1-1.2 mm. lato 1.2-1.6 mm. longo foveolato fusco; disco medio pallido: oe compresso-deltoideo. PLATE 820, rigs. 1A and 1B; Map 21.—R. fascicularis sensu C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. head “Gk Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and FL. Cub, 180 See m part; non (Michx.) Vahl. R. distans sensu Grisebach, Cat. Cub. 243 (1866), non (Michx.) Vahl.—Low pinelands of saute Cuba. Cusa: pinales, Hato Quemado, Pinar del Rio, Nov. 20, 1862?,! and San Juan-Guanes, Wright, no. 3397, sheet ‘labeled B (G, in part); Wright, no. 3397, ‘sheet labeled A (G, Type); Wright, no. 3399 sheet labeled A (NY, in part)’; Wright, no. 3397, in Herb. Canby, no. 396 (US, in part); ae savannas, Chirigota, Pinar del Rio, Oct. 26, 1863?,° Wright, no. 3399 (US, in part); Sabana de la Maguina, south of Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, November 28, 1940, Léon & Alain, no. 19422 (G). With the exception of the Léon & Alain collection, no. 19422, Rk. sola is known only from specimens collected by Charles Wright and distributed as R. distans no. 3397 and R. deflexa Gris. no. 3399. I have seen 3 sheets of no. 3397; of the two located at the Gray Herbarium, one contains specimens of R. sola exclusively ; this I am designating as the rypr. The other sheet — is mixed, containing on the left a specimen of R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl, var. typica. Sheet no. 3397 from the Canby t See Underwood, ae Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 (1905). Underwood misread “Que- mado” as “Quenia 2 See footnote to ee no. 3399 under R. fascicularis (Michx ) Vahl. 3 See Underwood. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 ( 1905) ee ee ee ee See, ee ee ee ee Pe Day he Ce Se eS eee eT ae « 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 163 Herbarium, now at the National Museum, is even more con- fusing. The specimen on the left is R. sola, that in the center, accompanied by two inflorescences, is R. fascicularis and that on the far right, R. Wrightiana Boeckl. A single sheet, no. 3399, from the Herbarium of the New York Botanie Garden contains a specimen of R. sola, located centrally and accompanied, right and left, by specimens of R. fascicularis to which the label R. deflexa pertains. Although it is evident that the original distributor failed to distinguish between R. sola and R. fascicularis, these two species are not of the same series, and, once several important details have been observed, can be rather easily distinguished. As stated in the description, the leaves of R. sola end in a relatively abrupt blunt tip; and the slender culm bears, without exception, a single terminal fascicle which is subtended by inconspicuous bracts not exceeding the fascicle in height. The leaf-tips of R. fascicularis are triquetrous and attenuated; the culm usually bears one or more distant lateral fascicles, and the terminal fascicle is exceeded by a bract approximating twice the height of the fascicle. Occasionally young or reduced plants of R. fascicu- laris bear but a solitary terminal fascicle, but in all cases the spikelets remain divergent and ovoid in shape, not mainly ascending and ovate-lanceolate as those of R. sola. Less obvious differences between the species are supplied by the details of the achenes. That of R. sola is obovoid, extremely lenticular, with a puncticulate surface, and accompanied by 2-3 rudimentary bristles. The achene of R. fascicularis, on the contrary, is subelliptie to suborbicular, markedly biconvex, with a smooth surface, and accompanied by six bristles varying in height from 14 the achene to exceeding the tubercle. The natural affinities of R. sola lie, not with R. fascicularis, but with the very rare continental species, R. solitaria Harper, which is known only from its type-locality in Berrien County, Georgia. Although larger in all its parts than R. sola, this species also has obtusely tipped (but wider) leaves, a slender culm, and a single terminal fascicle. However, the lanceolate-acuminate to fusiform spikelets of R. solitaria, measuring 6-7 mm. long, are easily distinguished from the ovate-lanceolate (4-5 mm. long) spikelets of R. sola. The achenes again emphasize the close 164 Rhodora [May relationship existing between the two species, for they are identi- cal in both shape and surface-sculpturing, differing only in size, color, and the relative development of bristles. The name, R. sola, has been selected because this species is closely related to R. solitaria and shares its characteristic feature of bearing only one fascicle. 16. R. pRacHYCHAETA (by error appearing as brachychata) C. Wright. Caespitose: leaves filiform, promptly involute, ascend- ing, smooth except for the sparingly serrulate upper margins: culm terete or nearly so, filiform, wiry, flexuous, smooth, 3.5-5.2 dm. high: inflorescence of 1-3 remote fascicles, 0.61.2 em. wide, usually oblong in outline to approaching corymbiform: spikelets fusiform and sterile, or ovoid, acute and fertile, 1-flowered, 3 mm. long: scales acute to aristulate, drab-chestnut: bristles 1-2, rudimentary: achene broadly obovoid, with a pale central disc, * smooth or faintly cancellate, 0.9-1.1 mm. wide, 1.2 mm. long: tubercle subulate, 0.4 mm. long, with a broad base. PLATE 822, Figs. 1A and 1B; Map 20.—C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. i. Habana, viii. 85 (1871) and FI. Cub. 180 aie as “ brachy- hata” ; Br ritton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. xi. 90 (1892), in part. & pallida sensu Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 126 (1900), in part, non M. A. Curtis; sensu Kiikenthal, Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 209 (1926), in part, non M. A. Curtis. R. Chapmanit sensu Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 194 Soe non M. A. Curtis. R. Blawneri Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. 56 (1923). Phaeocephalum brachychaetum House, Am. Sadland Nat. _vi. 201 (1920).—Fresh-water shallows of western Cuba, Dominican Republic and eastern Puerto Rico. CuBa: in occa- sionally flooded places in pinelands south of railroad, Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17737 (G); “en sabanas bajas y a arillas de lagunas, jurisdiccion de Pinar del Rio,’! Wright, no. 3 (G, type; NY, US, probable isotypes). H1spANIOLA: hard soil, shallow water, Laguna Ahoga-los-perros, Sabana Guabatico, prov. Santo Domingo, Llano Costero, Dominican Republic, Ekman, no. 13309 (US). Purrto Rico: Sierra Luguillo, Blauner, no. 247 (NY, type cf R. Blawneri Britton). In his list of North American Rhynchospora, published in 1892, Britton recognized R. brachychaeta C. Wright, attributing it to Sauvalle. However, that Britton’s conception of this species was at best uncertain is seen in his synonyms “R. gra- cillima Sauv.” and “R. fascicularis var. stenophylla Chapm. mss.” R. gracillima Wright in Sauvalle, I am recognizing under its 1 Wright in Sauvalle, Fl. Cub. 181 (1873). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 165 legitimate name, R. Wrightiana Boeckl.; R. fascicularis var. stenophylla was later authentically published by Chapman as R. stenophylla and has been maintained as such. Keeping this confusion of 3 species in mind, one is not surprised to find that Britton, in 1916, revised his earlier opinion, this time referring hk. brachychaeta to R. Chapmanti Curtis. Superficially R. brachychaeta and R. Chapmanii have much in common. The former is readily distinguished, however, by its acute, not long-aristate, spikelets, and its inflorescence consis- ting of 1-3 remote narrowly elliptic fascicles in contrast to the single terminal corymbs of R. Chapmanit. Close observation by means of a lens enables one to distinguish the two species on a basis of their achenes as well. The achene of R. brachychaeta is obovate, dull, with a pale central disc, with a subulate tubercle and with rudimentary bristles. The achene of R. Chapmanii, on the contrary, is subelliptic, the dise so enlarged as to cover the entire surface with the exception of a small dark patch at the base and the apex. The surface is glossy, the tubercle del- toid-apiculate, and the bristles are lacking. Clarke, on the other hand, lists R. brachychaeta in the synonymy of R. pallida M. A. Curtis; but Blauner no. 247 bears Clark’s annotation “ Ryncho- spora divergens Curtis!” In 1922, Britton, studying the same specimen, Blauner no. 247, realized that it was a good species wrongly annotated by Clarke; but, failing to see its connection with Wright’s R. brachychaeta, set it up as a new species, R. Blauneri. The confusion of R. brachychaeta with R. pallida, initiated by Clarke, was furthered by Kiikenthal who, in 1926, assigned Wright, nos. 3782 and 3397 to the latter species. No. 3397 at the Gray Herbarium is a mixed sheet, containing on the left a specimen of R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl, and it suggests the possibility that the sheets seen by Kiikenthal are also mixed. However, even if this were so, it is quite improbable that the specimens of either sheet are R. pallida, since this species, un- mistakable in its larger achene, pale corymb and tuberous bases, has not been reported south of the Carolinas. I have corrected the original spelling of this name, following the precedent of authors since Wright. 166 Rhodora [May 17. R. pauura M. A. Curtis. Caespitose with short stolons; base bulbous, sheathed by fibrous, acute, ovate scales: leaves long, narrowly linear, 1-3 mm. wide, erect, flat with the exception of the triquetrous tip; upper margins upwardly scabrous: culms acutely trigonous, slender, flexuous, 4.4-9.4 dm. tall, upper angles sparingly serrulate: inflorescence a single turbinate to hemispherical fascicle, 1.4-2.6 em. wide: spikelets ovoid-atten- uate, 4.5-5 mm. long, sessile, 1-flowered: scales forced apart by the developing achene, with aristate tips 0.3-0.4 mm. long, silvery, pale to reddish: stamens 2: bristles obsolete or 1-3 rudimentary stubs 0.2 mm. long: achene obovate to broadly elliptic in outline, strongly lenticular, the surface finely striate, the umbo light and the marginal regions chestnut-brown, 1.2—1.5 mm. wide, 1.4-1.8 mm. long: tubercle compressed, ‘deltoid- apiculate, 0.2-0.4 mm. high. PLare 821, ries. 4A an d 4B; ce 18.—Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. vii. 409 (1849), non ape Steud Chapman, Fl. es U.S. 527 (1860); Gray, Man. ed. 5: 568 (1867): : ‘ (1 ; £. . 184 (1901); Small’ FI. 194 (1903) and Man. 179 (1933); Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 200, fig. 322 (1908); Fernald, Ruopora, xlii. 378, map 14, and 381 (1940). R. Curtisii Steudel, Cyp. 141 (1855); Boeckeler, Linnaea, xxxvii. 564 (1873); non Britton ex “yee Phaeocephalum pallidum House, Am. Midlan Nat. vi. 202 (1920)—Open bogs and wet depressions, often in pineland, Long Island, New York, south through North Carolina. New York: pine-barren swamp, Central Islip, ee Co. Ferguson, no. 515 (G, NY). New Jersey: near P. R R. 1% Sure northwest of Allaire, Monmouth Co., Van Pelt & Brown, no. 4 (P); Lawrence Station, Mercer Co. , Aug. 6, 1885, Peters (P); poe ib in dense tufts, Tom’s River, ” Ocean Co., Parker (G); Long, no. 4835 (Py; boggy meadow, Swain, Cape May Co., Aug. 8, 1925, Stone (G). DELAWARE: pine-barren bogs near Laurel, Sussex Co., Aug. 19, 1880, Commons (NY, P). MARYLAND: swamps, Eastern Shore, near Salisbury, Wicomico Co., Sept., Canby (US). Virernta: sphagnous savanna-like swale "east of herry Grove, south of South Quay, Nansemond Co., Fernald & Long, no. 10550 (CU, G, P, NY). Norra CaroLina: wet depression, pineland, beside railroad, 1 mile east of Bailey, Nash Co., Oosting, no. 1677 (CU); damp or peaty sandy soil, 3 miles west of Sims, Wilson Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. (G); savanna 8 miles Kidthwcat of Washington, Beaufort Co., 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 167 Godfrey, no. 4393 (G); wet soil, open pinelands, Newport, Car- teret tev} Randolph & Randolph, no. 925 (G); moist sandy soil, Aug. 1879, "Hyams (ug), low cera near Wilmington, Nee Hanover Co., ere Herb., no. 4472 (NC). 18. a, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis filiformibus vel 1.5 mm. - latis, planis, saepissime laevibus, laxe ascendentibus: culmis subtriquetris gracilibus ascenden tibus, apicem versus flexilibus vel laxis, 3—4.3 dm. altis: fasciculo solitario, compacto subhemisphaerico vel turbinato, 0.5-1 em. lato: bracteis setaceis quam fasciculo paullo longioribus: spiculis fertilibus lanceo- ovoideis 4 mm. longis: spiculis sterilibus fusiformibus et numero- sis, confertis ascendentibus pn ba squamis dense imbricatis, allidis; mucrone promi inente 0.4 mm. longo: setis nullis vel a 1: ‘ia antrorse polar achaenio obovoideo lenticulari leviter tiGhaedat 1.2-1.3 mm. lato 1.5 mm. longo, laevi pallido opaco: tuberculo ere arts sea eg apiculato 0.4 mm. alto. Puare 821, rics. 1A a AP 23.—Moist sand, Isle of Pines. CuBA: moist ar eri ao eine of Los Indios, Isle of Pines, Feb. 13, 1916, Britton, Britton & Wilson, no. _ 15809 (N Y, TYPE) and no. 14177 (NY)3 i in a wet palm grove of Sess Wrightii, between Nueva Gerona and McKinley, Isle of Pines, Feb. 23, 1939, Leén, Victorin & Carabia, no. 18770 (CU); sandy savanna between Nueva Gerona and McKinley, Isle of Pines, Feb. 23, 1939, Leén, Victorin & Carabia, no. 18757 (CU, in part). This West Indian species is known to me only from three specimens collected on the Isle of Pines. It is similar to R. Chapmanii M. A. Curtis both in the slender habit and details of the inflorescence—the numerous fusiform sterile spikelets, strongly awned scales, ovoid, lenticular, bristleless achenes. It differs from the latter in having stiffly erect, not circinate bracts and larger fertile spikelets which are not forced open by the growing achene and which are few in number so that the resultant fascicles are smaller and less corymbiform than those of R. Chapmanii. R. nuda also differs from R. Chapmanii in details of the achene. That of the latter measures 0.8-1 mm. wide, 1-1.2 mm. long, is typically lustrous, pale, with dark brown patch at the base and apex. The achene of the Cuban species, on the other hand, is 1.2-1.3 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. long, with a uniformly pale dull surface. 168 Rhodora [May The only close relative of R. nuda on the islands is R. brachy- chaeta Wright. However, the terminal fascicles of the latter, although similarly characterized by sterile fusiform spikelets, are occasionally accompanied by 1 or 2 smaller lateral fascicles. Moreover, the scales of R. brachychaeta are acute, or, at the most, aristulate, in contrast with the strongly aristate scales of R. nuda; and the achenes of the former are smaller (0.9-1.1 mm. wide, 1.2 mm. long), dark brown relieved by a large pale dise and usually accompanied by 1—2 rudimentary bristles. The specific name has been chosen with reference to the almost complete failure of the bristles, an uncommon condition in the Section Hurhynchospora. 19. R. Cuapmanit M. A, Curtis. Densely caespitose: leaves capillary to 1 mm. wide, flat, becoming involute on drying; upper margins finely serrulate: culms obtusely trigonous, slender, wiry, erect, smooth, 3-5.1 dm. high: inflorescence a single terminal corymbiform fascicle, 0.5-1.7 em. wide, closely compacted, less often slightly exceeded by a smaller secondary fascicle: bracts several, filiform, exceeding the fascicles, erect or slightly circin- ate: fertile spikelets slenderly ovoid-aristate, mostly ascending, closely approximate, 1-flowered, split apart by the maturing . achene, 2.5-3 mm. long; sterile spikelets fusiform: scales with aristate tips 0.4-0.6 mm. long, pale chestnut-brown: stamens 1-2: bristles none: achene subelliptic in outline, strongly lenticular, 0.8-1 mm. wide, 1—-1.2 mm. long, pale except for the dark brown patch at base and apex; surface obscurely rugulose to smooth, glossy: tubercle deltoid-apiculate with a broad base, compressed, 0.2-0.3 mm. high. Puars 821, rigs. 3A and 3B; Map 19.—Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. vii. 409 (1849); Chapman, Fl. So. U. 8S. 528 (1860); Small, Fl. 194 (1903) and Man. 179 (1933). R. conferta Chapman ex M. A. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. vii. 409 (1849), in syn. of R. Chapmanii. R. Grayana Chapman ex M. A. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2. vii. 409 (1849), pub. in syn. of R. Chap- manit. Phaeocephalum Chapmanii House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Low, sandy pineland of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina to Florida and west to eastern Louisiana. NortH Caro.ina: wet sandy soil, waste ground, Beaufort, Carteret Co., Randolph & Randolph, no. 795 (G); savanna, 8 m quest, no. 5617 (D); pineland at Delway, Sampson Co., Godfrey, no. 6170 (D, G); low pineland at Dunn, Harnett Co., Godfrey, i il 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 169 no. 6139 (D, G). Sourn Caro.ina: grass-sedge bog or savanna, 18 miles north of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey Tryon, no. 1609 (D, G, NY); damp ome levee, Santee Canal, Berkeley Co., Ravenel, no. 25 (G); grass-sedge bog or savanna 14 miles south of Monks Corner, Berkeley Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1432 (G, NY); pineland pool, 5 miles south of Hardeeville, Beaufort Co. , Lyles, no. 4378 (CU). Geroreta: moist pine barren near Monteith, Chatham Co., Kyles, no. 6455 SUE sandy borders of pine-barren stream, F ‘itzgerald, Ben Hill is Harper, De 1420 (G, NY, US); moist. pine barrens, Sweet- nite Creek, Clinch Co., Eyles, no. 244 (D). FLORIDA: moist pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 5015 (G, NY, US); Toeai, St. John s Co., Palmer, no. 605 (G); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., Oct., 1877, Garber (G, P): prairie, 18 miles east of Okeechobee City, St. Lucie Co., Small et al., no. 9300 (NY edge of dried-up pool in low pineland, vicinity of Eustis, fake Co., Nash, no. 1396 (NY); turfy, boggy, sandy meadow, 7 miles Ww est of Sneads, Jackson Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 589 (G); sloping moist pine barrens about 5 miles south of Bristol, Liberty Co., Harper, no. 47 (G, NY, P); flat pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co. , Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 20 la (G, NY, US); low open places, Lynn Haven, Bay Co., Oct. 12, 1921, Billington (US). ALaBama: low pi ineland about Miflin Creek, Elberta, Bald- win Co., July 9, 1926, Wolf (StB); sandy pineland, Theodore, Mobile Co. yy eels no. 4446 (NY). Mississippi: Ocean Springs, Jackson Ca. Seymour, no. 15 (CU, D, NY, US); Biloxi, Harrison Co., Tracy, no. 4888 (US). LOUISIANA: open ‘pineland, 1 mile north of Abita Springs, St. Tammany Parish, Pennell, no. 4167 ” Series 4. Fuscae (Clarke), stat. nov. et emend. Represented in the peat bogs of the northeast by the common R. fusca, also infrequent species in low places and ‘pond-margins of the Coastal Plain and Cuba. Habit solitary to caespitose: leaves filiform to mm. wide: culms filiform to slender: inflorescence 2-4 turbinate to hemispherical fascicles: spikelets maturing several achenes: scales loosely imbricate, castaneous to fuscous: bristles upwardly serrulate, well developed: achenes ddd slenderly elliptic, often strongly biconvex, smooth to glossy (minutely granular in R. fuscoides): tubercle triangular, compressed, thickly setose.— Rhynchospora Series Sg Diplostyleae Sect. 4. Fuscae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. 105 (1900), in part. enees V. Glomeratae Small, Maa: 175 (1933), in small part. Key To Spectres IN SERIES FuscaE a. Fascicles 1-3, turbinate or ovoid, the eg eee few — strongly ascending; leaves filiform to 1.5 mm. wi ial De b. Slenderly sealoedtctoiens fascicles exieeded by 2 ime bracts; bristles naked at their bases.........--------- 20. R. fusca. 170 Rhodora [May b. Caespitose; bracts shorter than or barely one the fascicles; bristles sparsely hairy at their bases... . e a peel ovoid, homogeneously een: A PO SA ees pee Oe ee be ee rene 21. R. pleiantha. R. Curtissii. De eee Ole Bie se Bee a he ee eee Se Oe 8 s-(8 eae) wi IF peeing en 4-5 in number, with sant spikelets sat the leaves 2 mm. wide or wider and languidly Ea edie. eels d. Corymbs 2, rarely 3, the terminal internode strongly myohind © bracts fOleCOUR 68 ss eis ote ee 23. kk. Harperi d. Corymbs 2-5, the sna internode erect or flexuous; racts setaceous.... 6. oe borne on a pessicteht basal stipe which is 6 m n length and covered with a tangle of white haiti habit weak; leaves 2 mm. wide or wider; corymbs 4— 24. R&R. crinipes. e. Achene without a conspicuous basal stipe; stipe, if, present, ae hairy; habit wiry, erect; leaves filiform to mm e; corymbs ie 7. Surface of fF ashenas glassy, with ‘a white lustrous disc; Pome filiform, rarely 2 mm. wide; Coastal Plain, mand contrat Cuba; 2. oo. oi cess 25. R. filifolia. ‘. Sines of achene tending to become granular or some- what polished, cinnamon-brown with a paler central disc; leaves 1-1.5 mm. wide; range limited to Ww a 26. R. fuscoides. 20. R. rusca (L.) Ait. f. Slenderly stoloniferous: leaves promptly involute, filiform to 1.5 mm. wide, ascending: culms slender, erect, terete, 0.8-4.6 dm. high: terminal fascicle often compounded of 2-3 closely approximated secondary fascicles, turbinate or ovoid, 0.3-2 em, wide, exceeded by the 1 or 2 long circinate or erect bracts: lateral fascicles 1-2, on exserted spicuously serrul ate. PLATE 824 |. FIGS. 2A and 2B; Map 24.— Hort. Kew. ed. 2: i. 127 (1810); Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 215, pl. 6, fig. 26 (1835); Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 366 (1836); Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl! i. 279, fig. 656 (1896); Britton, Man. 185 (1901); Shaye Fl. 1321 (1903) and Man. 181 (193 33): Robinson & Fernald ray, Man. ed. 7: 200, fig. 319 (1908); Victorin, Fl. Laurent. 089, fig. 248 (1935). Schoenus fuseus Linnaeus, Sp. 1. ed. 2: 1664 (1763). R. alba 6. fusca Vahl, Enum. ii. 236 (1806). Phacomephales fuscum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 171 —Peat bogs and sandy or peaty pond-shores, Newfoundland, eastern New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and southern portions of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont; general over the other New England states; southward along the coast to Maryland; inland in central New York State with perm: stations on the shores of Lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron; also in Europe. The characters of R. fusca are sufficiently stne to make the citation of representative specimens unnecess 21. R. pleiantha (Kiik.), stat. nov. ice ae. leaves filiform to 1 mm. wide, flat, setaceous, ascending: culms obtusely trigo- nous, filiform to slender, erect, exceeding the radical leaves, 2.5-4 m. tall: terminal fascicle corymbiform, composed of not more than 15 spikelets; lateral fascicles 1- 2, smaller, on exserted erect peduncles: spikelets oblong-ovate, sessile, erect to spreading, approximately 6-flowered, 2-fruited, 6 mm. in length: fertile scales lanceolate-aristate, loosely imbricate, greatly exceeding the achene in length: bristles 6, variable, the tallest barely exceeding to twice the height of the tubercle, upwardly serrulate, with a few short white hairs at their bases: achene id lenticular, — convex, with depressed margins, 0.7-0.8 mm. , 1-1. long; surface smooth, dark shining brown at aneraiay Sith an indefinite paler disc: tubercle triangular, attenuate, flat, pale; margins sparingly serrulate ee smooth, 0.6—0.8 mm. long. PLATE 823, Frias. 4A and 4B; Map 25.—R. filifolia Torrey var. pleiantha Kikenthal, Fedde Rep. Nov. xxiii. 208 (1926). R. fusca sensu Harper, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxx. 324 (1903), non (L.) Ait. f.—Infrequent, shores of ponds and lakes in southeastern North Carolina, southwestern Georgia, central Florida, and western Cuba. Nort H CAROLINA: shore of Silver Lake near Wilmington, New Mokouer Co., July 5, a) Godfrey, no. 4846 (G); shallow pond near Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co., July 2, 1938, 31, 1894, Nash, no. 1321 (G, NY, 'P, US}. CuBA: on moist white sand on shore of the laguna, Laguna Santa Maria, Pinar del Rio, Aug. 22, 1923, Ekman, no. 17242a (NY, US, immature. This number cited by ‘Kiikenthal in original deseription of var. pleiantha) and no. 17242b (G. This number cited by Kiken- thal in original description of var. pleiantha.). Specimens of R. pleiantha have generally been identified as either R. Curtissit Britt. ex Small or R. fusca (L.) Ait. f. The confusion with R. Curtissii obviously results from a similarity in habit, but the most superficial examination of the achenes enables one to separate these species. Those of R. pleiantha are 172 Rhodora [May pyriform, dark brown, not exceeding 1 mm. in length; those of R. Curtissii, on the other hand, are narrowly ellipsoidal, 1.3-1.5 mm. long and light brown, with a pale conspicuous oval disc. The confusion of R. pleiantha with R. fusca, however, is due to a likeness which extends to details, not only of the habit and spikelet, but to the achene as well. Nevertheless, specimens of R. plecantha can rather easily be separated from those of R. fusca, for the fascicles of the latter are exceeded by a long seta- ceous bract which is often circinate at its tip; whereas those of the southern species are subtended by a short stiff bract which is at the most only twice the height of its facsicle. The specific distinction of the one from the other species rests, however, on the more technical differences of the achene. That of R. pleiantha is 0.7-0.8 mm. wide and 1 mm. long; in color it is a dark mahogany-brown, and the bristles are sparsely plumose at their bases. The achene of R. fusca, by contrast, is larger, 1-1.1 mm. wide and 1.2-1.3 mm. long, consistently light brown in color, with the bases of the bristles naked. 23. R. Curtissu Britt. ex Small. Caespitose: leaves filiform to 1 mm. wide, wiry, involute with the exception of the flattened tip 0.6-1.4 mm. long: culms filiform, loosely ascending, 1.5—3 dm. high: fascicles 1-2, turbinate, 4-8 mm. wide, composed of less than 10 spikelets; lateral fascicle borne on an included peduncle: spikelets ovoid-elliptic to fusiform, similar to those of R. fusca, 2-3-flowered, 2-3-fruited, strongly ascending, 4-6 mm. long: scales mucronulate, ovate-oblong, rather loose, castaneous: bristles 6, erect, delicate, tenuous, scarcely equalling to well exceeding the tubercle, antrorsely hispidulous, sparingly plumose at the base: achene narrowly ellipsoid, lenticular, smooth, often lustrous, light brown, with a pale elliptic disc, marginate, 0.6-0.7 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long: tubercle deltoid, sometimes subu- late, compressed, with conspicuous upward serrulations, 0.8-1.2 mm. long. PLATE 823, rigs. 3A and 3B, Map 26.—FI. 195, 1327 (1903) and Man. 181 (1933). R. fusca sensu Fernald, Bot. Gaz. xxlv. 433 (1897), non (L.) Ait. f. Phaeocephalum Curtissii House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Low places, coastal counties of Northwestern Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi. FLORIDA: moist roadside, Milton, Santa Rosa Co., Curtiss, no. 5929 (NY, TyPE; G, NC, US, tsorypss); moist pine barrens about 114 miles northeast of Milton, Santa Rosa Co., Harper, no. 46 (G, NY, US). ALABAMA: swamp, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 21, 1926, Wolf (StB, in part R. filifolia Gray in Torr.). Murssisstppr: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Tracy, no. 4891 (G, NC, NY, US). i a 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 173 23. R. Harpreri Small. Solitary: radical leaves filiform, few, short; cauline leaves 1-1.5 mm. wide, long-attenuate, erect, canaliculate, smooth: culm obtusely trigonous, slender, 6—7.3 dm. tall; the terminal internode strongly arched: fascicles 1-2, rarely 3, corymbiform, 1.1-1.5 cm. wide, separated by the arching internode; occasionally a third fascicle distant and smaller: bracts foliaceous: spikelets ovoid, loosely ee 5-flowered, 4-fruited, 5-5.6 mm. long:. seales aristulate, margins free, cas- taneous: bristles 6, slender, upwardly hispidulous, falling ‘short of the tubercle: achene obovate to pyriform, strongly pee: brown, with a slightly paler disc, smooth, 1-1.1 mm. wide, 1.3- . long: tubercle subulate, pale, 0.6-0.9 mm. eae margins thickly hispidulous. PLare 823, rigs. 1A and 1 27.—Man. 182, 1503 (1933). R&R. leptorhyncha sensu Small FI. 195 (1903), non R. leptorhyncha C. Wright. —Infrequent on borders of ponds and in low places in the pine barrens of on oastal Plain of Georgia, Florida, and Alabama. GroRG edge of pond, just north of Lu dowici, Long Co., Eyles, no. 6527 (CU); wet. pine barrens about 3 miles east of Hawkinsville, Pulaski Co., Harper, no. 1877 (NY, TypE; US, IsoTyPE); wet pine barrens, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 467 G, US). Froripa: Tampa, Hillsborough Co., May, 1876, Garber (NY, U US). Ata- BAMA: ae of pond, Elberta, Baldwin Co., July 15, 1926, Wolf (StB). Prior to 1933, R. Harperi was identified as R. leptorhyncha Wright, the type-specimen of R. Harperi being originally so determined by Britton. However, the two species can be readily distinguished from one another. Of the two, R. leptorhyncha has the much stiffer habit, an inflorescence exceeded by a tall upright bract, and tightly involute floral scales. &. Harperi, on the contrary, has the culm arched to nodding, a short bract subtending the fascicle, and loose floral scales. Nor is there any close resemblance in the achenes. Those of R. leptorhyncha are of the fascicularis-type—large, dark, dull, and broadly ovate. The achenes of R. Harperi, on the other hand, are pyriform, light brown, resembling, but surpassing in size, those of R. fili- folia Gray. 24. R. ecrinipes, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis 2 mm. latis planis lineari-elongatis, debilibus, apicem versus triquetris et sparse serrulatis: culmis gracilibus subtriquetris, 6.9-7.4 dm altis, laxe ascendentibus: fasciculis 4-5 compactis 1-2 cm. latis turbinatis lobatisque vel corymbosis; pedunculis fasciculorum lateralium subexsertis: bracteis setaceis parvis ornatis: spiculis lanceolatis 5 mm. longis confertis, ascendentibus vel patentibus 174 Rhodora [May 3-floris sed quarto terminali rudimentario, 2-carpis: squamis lanceolatis, aristulatis, laxe imbricatis, mox caducis chartaceis pallide castaneis: setis 6 rigide erectis, tuberculo approximate aequalibus: achaenio pyriformi 1.4 mm. longo 1 mm. lato, bicon- vexo laevi, marginem versus leviter depresso; umbone candido, conspicuo; stipa tereti persistente 6 mm. longa villis longis albis irregularibus ascendentibus vestita: tuberculo compresso-triang- ; m. alto, margine hispido-scabrato. PLATE 823, FIGs. 2A and 2B; Map 28.—Coastal Alabama. ALABAMA: dry places, roadsides (exsiccated), Mobile, Mobile Co., June, 1868, Mohr (US); ditches, border of ponds, Mobile, Mobile Co., June 18, 1868, Mohr (US, TyPE). This species, represented by two specimens collected by Mohr in the vicinity of Mobile, Alabama, is closely related to R. filifolia Gray. It differs from the latter in its generally larger habit with wider leaves, coarser culms, and in its languid habit and looser, more numerous and more irregular fascicles. Both species have, however, the pyriform achene, with its glossy sur- face picked out by a prominent pale disc, the six stiffly erect bristles and the deltoid, compressed and marginally hispid tubercle. The signal character which distinguishes R. crinzpes from R. filifolia is the unique basal stipe of the former, which is 0.6 mm. long, remains attached to the achene, and is clothed with a tangle of white, ascending hairs. 3A and 3B; Map 35.—Gray in Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii. 366 (1836); Chapman, FI. So. U. S. 527 (1860); Britton, Mem. Soc. vi. 202 (1920).—Margins of ponds or damp pockets in pinelands on the Coastal Plain of New Jersey, south to Florida, and west 1944 | Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 175 to eastern Texas; also in central and eastern Cuba. New Jersey: aes and peaty, pond-hole ca. 1 mile west of Bennett, Cape May Co., Long, no. 13625 (G). DrLaware: Queen Anne Road, east of Ellendale, Sussex Co. , Aug. 17, 1899, Commons (P). VIRGINIA: upper border of siliceous and argillaceous shore, Airfield Mill- ere southwest of Wakefield, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long, no. 14301 (G). Nortx Carona: Mr. Curtis, in Gray’s handwriting (NY, TYPE); moist ee between Newport and New Bern Highway, no. 70, Craven Co., Blomquist, no. 11241 (D, G); moist sandy soil between "les ehead City and Newport, Highway no. 70, Carteret Co., Blomquist, no. 11238 (D, G); wet sand, 7 miles southwest of Mai De Brunswick Co., Godfrey & Shunk, no. 4117 (G, NC). SourH Carona: grass-sedge on or savanna, 12 m iles north of Georgetown, Georgetown Co. Godfrey & Tryon, no. 749 (CU, D, G, NY, P); damp soils, Oct.., Ravenel (G). GrorGiA: margin of cy press pond, north of Douglas, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 1434 te US); pineland pool just east of the Clinch Co. line on U. 8. Route 84, Ware Co., Eyles, no. 6328 (CU). FLorima: moist pine barrens near Jackson- ville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 3153 (CU, G, P, US); margin of flatwoods pond, Welaka, Putnam Co., Laessle, no. 13 (CU); Indian Mound near Citrus Center, DeSoto Co., Small, no. 9918 (NY); cypress swamp, vicinity of Ft. Myers, Lee Co., Standley, no. 12865 (US); hammock north of Eagle Bay near Kissimmee River, Okeechobee Co., Smaill, no. 9188 (G); margins of ponds in pine barrens, ta NY Ue Franklin Co. , Chapman in Biltmore Baldwin Co., Aug. | 24, 1926, Wolf (StB): i in woods, Spring Hill, Tracy, no. 2926 (NY). epee a saat of PGapanven, $ Tammany Parish, Arséne, no. 11869 AO Foote low prairies, vicinity of Lake Charles, Caleasieu Parish, Mackenzie, no. 443 (Mo, NC). Texas: ponds, Hempstead, Waller as Hall, no. 717 (Mo, US). Cusa: in lagoon near El Paynes, between Guane and Remates near sea level, Pinar del Rio, Killip, no. 32373 (CU, US); Laguna Los Indios and vicinity, Pinar del Rio, Shafer, no. 10819 peer Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Baker & Abarca, no. 4195 (NY); s euler ivigeis, Isle of Pines, Britton, Britton & Sb itei no. 15018 (NY); in wet sand, ai of Laguna Yaiti, Mordazo, ‘Santa Clara, Ekman, no. 170 G); near lagoon, Asiento Viejo, Sabana de Manacas, Souk Hones Leoén, no. 9288 (N 26. iced be Clarke. Caespitose: leaves 1-1.5 mm. wide, involute o n drying, stiffly erect: culms obtusely triquetrous, slender, ee 4.7-7.8 dm. high: fascicles 2-4, the terminal one turbinate to hemispherical, barely if at all exceeded by the sub- 176 Rhodora [May tending bract, 0.9-2 cm. wide; peduncles of the lateral fascicles included or nearly so: spikelets lanceolate in outline, closely ap- proximate, 3—6-flowered, 1—5-fruited, 3.5-5 mm. long: scales aristulate, loosely imbricate, somewhat caducous: bristles 6, approximating the height of the tubercle, stiffly erect, upwardly serrulate: achene pyriform, lenticular, conspicuously marginate, 0.7 wide, 1.2-1.38 m m. long: the surface tending to become granular, drab to Satelit polished cinnamon-brown, with a paler central disc: tubercle deltoid, subulate, compressed, with the margin thickly setose. PLATE 822, Figs. 5A and 5B; Map 29.—Clarke in Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 89 (1892), in part and excl. syn. R. fascicularis, var. distans Chapm nomen nudum; Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 124 (1900), excl. syn. R. fascicularis, var. distans Chapm. and R. fusca b. Chapm. first valid publication; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 195 (1916). R&R. filifolia sensu Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (187 e and Fl. Cub. 180 ea non eis in Cusa: Wright, no. 3783 (G, NY, us ISOTYPES, this number cited by Clarke as type of R. fuscoides and by Boeckeler as type of R. distans var. microcarpa); wet grassy places, pinelands, at 12 km. of highway to La Coloma, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17807 (NY); swale in pinelands, Laguna Santa Maria, Pinar So Rio, Britton, Britton & Gager, no. 7137 (NY); border of lagoon, Laguna Santa Maria, Pinar del Rio, Britton, Britton & foe o. 17179 (NY, US); wet pine woods, Pinar del Rio, Sept., 18632! “Wright, (NY). hk. fuscoides is closely related to R. filifolia Gray, a species of the Coastal Plain which also occurs in Cuba. R. fuscoides can be distinguished in the field, however, by its coarser, stiff un- bending habit, its lack of filiform basal leaves, its culms which frequently bear 4 fascicles, and its long spikelets. R. filifolia has a delicate habit, with the culms normally flexuous, the basal, and often the cauline leaves as well, filiform and arching, and the fascicles limited to 3. In R. fuscoides the terminal fascicle is subtended by a short bract which may slightly exceed the fas- cicle; in R. filifolia, however, the bract is prominent, undulant, and at least twice the height of the fascicle. Under a lens the tiny achenes of R. filifolia, with their glassy surfaces picked out by the lustrous white discs, are unmistakable. Those of R. fuscoides are, by contrast, less pyriform in outline, 1 See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 (1905). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 177 longer, with a dull and often granulose drab-brown surface, somewhat relieved by lighter discs. Boeckeler in 1880 was the first to recognize that the specimens of Wright’s no. 3783! were not R. filifolia as labeled. He set them off, therefore, as var. microcarpa of R. distans (Michx.) Vahl but added, “. . . Torrey’s Pflanze wird durch eine andere schmachtige Form, Rh. gracilenta A. Gray, mit der typischen Form der R. distans genau verbunden.”’ However, so utterly different in all but the most superficial details are the Wright specimens from R. distans and R. gracilenta that it is difficult to imagine wherein lay Boeckeler’s basis for the sug- gested relationship. By 1892 Clarke had evidently studied the Wright material and come to the decision that its status was that of a new species; for in that year Britton included in his list of North American Rhynchospora, R. fuscoides Clarke, based on Wright no. 3783. The description of the new species was not published, however, until 1900, when it appeared in Clarke’s treatment of the West Indian Cyperaceae for Urban’s Symbolae Antillanae ii. Clarke, in giving the synonymy of R. fuscoides, lists both R. distans var. microcarpa Boeckl. and R. fascicularis var. distans (Michx.) Chapm., probably taking his cue for the inclusion of the latter from Boeckeler’s original misalliance. Series 5. Fasciculares, ser. nov. Inflorescentia fasciculata vel cymoso-fasciculata (R. Gageri excepta) rigida: squamis castaneis vel furvis: setis antrorse serrulatis rudimentariis vel bene evolutis: achaenio late ovato vel elliptico laevi castaneo vel fusco; saepe disco pallido. Plants of usually moist areas in pineland and savannas of the Coastal Plain, West Indies and Central America. Habit caespi- tose: leaves filiform to 4 mm. wide: culms stout and erect to capillary, then occasionally procumbent: cymes usually fascicu- late, simple or compound (spiciform in R. Gageri), stiff: scales castaneous to blackened: bristles rudimentary to well lormed, antrorsely serrulate: achene broadly ovate to elliptic, smooth, castaneous to blackish-brown, often with a prominent pale disc, usually dull: tubercle triangular, compressed, often prolonged.— Rhynchospora V. Glomeratae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. 1 One of the sheets of Wright’s no. 3783 at the New York Herbarium is mixed. The other species is R. leptorhyncha Wright in Sauvalle. According to C. B. Clarke (Urban, Symb. Ant. ij. 125 (1900) ). this is also true of a sheet of the same number the herbarium at Kew. 178 Rhodora [May Rhynchospora Series B. Diplostyleae Sect. 4. Fuscae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 105 (1900), in part. Key To SPECIES IN SERIES FASCICULARES a. Terminal cyme ovoid, spiciform, or consisting of 2 corymbi- form fascicles aligned one above the er setaceous bracts long; species endemic to the West Indies... .b. b. Terminal cyme composed of 2 se hepsisaiy corymbiform fascicles aligned one above the other; scales dark brown to blackish; achenes 1.6-1.8 mm, wide, 1,6-1.8 mm. long 27. R. leptorhyncha. b. Terminal cyme spiciform to ovoid, the division into fas- cicles not distinct; scales castaneous; achenes 1.2-1.6 —1 ong.... c, Cymes spiciform; surface of achene polished ; bristles ring a ba sal tuft of long white hairs; tubercles BLAU MARINER 6.5 7 0. oA oa Oe ey re 28. R. Gageri. c. Cymes red cangeatod: surface of achene mostly dull; od onc basally hispidulous or with a few short incon- us hairs; tubercle deltoid................ R. joveroensis. a. Terminal sheet fasciculate, corym mbi form when well devel- rt a setaceous bracts short, slightly if at all exceeding the ; species continental, with a few also represented in the Wes t Indies... .d. d. Bristles 12: nenene 2-2.0 mm. long. eo. i ek. 30. R. Baldwiniit. d. Bristles 6; achene 1.8 mm. long or less. ... e. Achene minute, 0.8 mm. wide, 0.9-1 m aay ig ea 31. R. Fernaldiit e. Achene exceeding 1 mm. in width and 1-2 mm. in length... .f. lace with as prominent sink or beak-like pro- on ee g. Bristles ‘Gmaltte to falling short of the tubercles; tubercle broad-based, gradually tapering toward apex Me POUete eo 32. AR. gracilenta. g. gepren ately aren the achene; tubercle basally t abruptly contracted into a broad hin Chek BONS Ti ME Re Sage ee ee 33. R. Wrightiana. Ko, oe Tubercle deltoid to deltoid-subulate, not prolonged. . . .h. h. Bristles rudimen ay to exceeding the achene; culms erect, often coarse................ 34. R. fascicularis. h. Bristles rudimentary culms filiform, loosely ascend- ati Uo prOeimabenGs ys Se, ok eS 35. R. debilis _ Scales prominently aristate, dark brown, often blackened, tightly imbricate: stamens 4: bristles 8, upwardly hispidulous; the tips 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 179 connivent around and exceeding the tubercle, plumose at their bases: achene elliptic to suborbicular in outline, strongly bi- convex, 1.6-1.8 mm. wide, 1.6-1.8 mm. long; surface smooth, dull brown: tubercle deltoid-subulate, broad-based, nearly smooth to setose, usually pale, 1.4-1.8 mm. high. PLATE 824, rics. 1A and 1B; Map 30.—C. Wright in Sauvvalle Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and FI, SCab. 180 (1 873); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 124 (1900); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 195 (1916); Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 209 (1926); usually as “leptorrhyncha. ” R. leptorhyncha var. laevirostris Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 209 (1926). R. gracilenta sensu Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 126 (1900), non Gray. R. tetrandra C. Wright msc. ex Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 127 (1900), pub. in syn. of R. gracilenta sensu Clarke, non Gray. Phaeocephalum leptorhynchum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Near or in shallow water, western Cuba and the Isle of Pines. Cusa: Wright, no. 3784 (G, TYPE; NY, US, probable 1sorypsEs)!; Wright, no. 3787 (G. This sheet of the number listed by Wright for R. odorata is R. lepto- rhyncha); in ponds, pinales, jurisdiccion Pinar del Rio, Oct., 62 } and Coloma at 11 geese eae no. “18252 NY, US. Cited by Kiikenthal with other Ekman numbers in ty pe-descrip- tion of R. leptorhyncha var. pace lave in pebbly pinelands, La Siguanea, Isla de Pinos, Ekman, no. 12187 (NY). Specimens in the Wright oi without number but labeled R. tetrandra are undoubted R. leptorhyncha. The fact that Wright never published a species tetrandra suggests that he also realized this fact. C. B. Clarke in Urban’s Symbolae Antillanae, ii. page 127, erroneously refers R. tetrandra to R. gracilenta Gray. On a basis of this misidentification, Britton‘, in his publication on Cuban Rhynchospora provisionally lists R. gracilenta, but states that the Wright material of R. tetrandra in the Herbarium of the New York Botanic Garden is R. leptorhyncha. I am not keeping up Kiikenthal’s var. laevirostris. As the name indicates this variety is based on specimens, the achenes 1 No. 3784 is also listed by Wright under R. gracilis. There is one sheet of this no ? See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. ak "297 (1 (1905). * Also one Gray Herbarium sheet, C. Wright, no. 3787, labeled R. odorata is R. gente A m. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 196 (1916). 180 Rhodora [May of which have a smooth, rather than setose, tubercle. However, even in the specimens of sheets cited by Kiikenthal, I find this character to be inconstant; for individual achenes from the same inflorescence vary considerably, some having nearly smooth, others rather densely setose tubercles. 28. R. Gacerti Britt. Densely caespitose with thick, often fibrous bases: leaves setaceous, canaliculate, firm, arched-ascend- ing, 1.8-3.3 dm. high: culms filiform, terete, ascending or some- what arched, varying within a tuft from 0.5-2.2 dm. in height: terminal cyme fasciculate, compact, ovoid, small (0.9-1.2 mm. long, 0.6—-1 cm. wide) rarely containing more than 15 spikelets, exceeded by a setaceous, recurving bract 0.4—1.3 dm. long which has the appearance of continuation of the culm: spikelets ovoid, crowded, 1-flowered with the achene terminating the axis, sessile, mostly ascending, closely approximate, 3-4 mm. long: scales aristulate, tightly imbricate, castaneous: stamens 3-4: bristles 6-8, delicate, upwardly serrulate, connivent around the tubercle which they fall short of to slightly exceed, bearing at their bases a few silky hairs which are 0.6 mm. in length: achene broadly ovoid, strongly biconvex, not umbonate, surface evenly browned, smooth, occasionally lustrous, 1.3-1.6 mm. wide, 1.4—-1.7 mm. long: tubercle subulate-attenuate, compressed, smooth or rarely slightly setulose at the base, whitish, 0.9-1.1 mm. long. PLATE 824, ries. 3A and 3B; Map 31.—Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. li. 196 (1916). R. longifrons var. @. reducta Kiikenthal, Fedde ep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 209 (1926).—-Moist savannas, Isle of Pines; western and central Cuba. Cusa: in white sand of Sabana de los Indios, Isle of Pines, Leén, no. 17501 (G); Hacienda San Julian, south of Mendoza, Pinar del Rio, Leén & Roca, no. 6955 (NY); in moist places, Mateo Sanchez, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17939 (G, US. This number cited by Kikenthal as R. longifrons Kuk. var. reducta); Colpothrinax savanna, vicinity of Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Britton, Britton, Earle & Gager, no. 6618 (NY, TypE; US, 1soryprr); savannas at La Ciega, Coabilla, Camaguey, Acufa, no. 4396 (NY). 29. R. Joverornsis Britt. Densely caespitose with stiff quill-like bases: leaves 1-2 mm. wide, 3.9-6 dm. long, canalicu- late, stiffly ascending, with arched filiform tips; upper margins setiferous: culms terete, rigidly erect, 2.6-4.5 dm. tall: cymes congested-spiciform; the terminal one 0.5-1 em. wide, 2.5-4 em. long, exceeded by a setaceous recurving bract 1.8-2.5 dm. long; the lateral smaller, on an included peduncle: spikelets ovoid, 3.5-4 mm. long, extremely compact, sessile, 1-flowered, with the achene terminating the axis: scales aristulate, tightly involute, castaneous: stamens 3-4: bristles 6-8, delicate, upwardly serru- 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 181 late, connivent at their tips, approximating the tubercle in length: bases without prominent hairs: achene obovoid, lenticu- wide, 1.4-1.5 mm. long: tubercle deltoid-compressed, with heavily ta margins, 0.6—-0.8 mm. long. PLarer 824, Frias. 4A and 4B; Pp 32.—Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 195 (1916). R. reieme ‘Kakenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 209 (1926). —Lake margins, western Pinar del Rio, Cuba. CuBA: wet sand, Laguna Jovero to Laguna del Bufeo, Pinar del Rio, Shafer, no. 10992 (NY, TtypE; G, US, isorypEs); Hacienda San Julian, south of Guane, Pinar del ‘Rio, Leon & Roca, no. 6935 (NY); shore . Laguna El Punto, Pinar ‘del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, 18263 (NY. One of several Ekman numbers cited by Kikenthal after type-description of R. longifrons); banks of south Lagoon, anta Maria, near San Luis, Pinar del Rio, Leén, no. 19627 (G). 30. ALDWINII Gray. Forming a coarse clump: radical leaves commonly short, flat becoming carinate, 3-4 mm. broad, tips acutely triquetrous due partially to development of the keel: upper margins and keel finely serrulate: culms triquetrous, erect, becoming flexuous, 0.5—1 m. high: terminal fascicle corymbiform, cm. wide, rarely accompanied by a small fascicle on a short stiff erect branchlet: lateral fascicles smaller, simple, exsertly pedunculate: spikelets ovoid, 1—3-flowered, 1—2-fruited, sessile, bursting, 5-5.5 mm. long: scales aristate, caducous, castaneous to dark brown: ppatles 12, slender, typically convergent, up- subrotund, lenticular-compressed, emarginate, dark brown, with a pale disc, smooth to minutely pitted, dull, 1.8-2 mm. wide, 2—2.5 mm. long: tubercle deltoid-compressed, whitish, 0.8-1 mm. long. PuaTE 825, rics. 4A and 4B; Map 33.—Ann. Lyc. iil. 210, pl. 6, fig. 18! (1835); Cha apman Fl. So. U. S. 526 (1860); Small, Fl, 196 (1903) and Man. 182 (1933). Phaeocephalum Baldwinii House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Peaty savannas and low pine barrens of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina southward through the peninsula of Florida and west to Mississippi. NorrH CaroLina: savanna near Jacksonville, Onslow Co. Wadia. ~ 5822 (G); savanna near Burgaw, Pender Co., Godfrey, no. 4737 (G, NC); long-leaf pine and wire grass savanna, Carolina Beach, ‘New Hanover Co., Godfrey, no. 4685 (G, NC). SourH CAROLINA: peaty excavated area in savanna at side of road, 12 miles north of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 8 (G, NY); in damp stiff soils, Santee Canal, "hosel (G). Geroreta: rather dry pine barrens between 1 Figures 19 and 18 were apparently reversed in the printing; R. Baldwinii is fig. 18, not 19 as listed. 182 Rhodora [May Guyton and Springfield, Effingham Co., Harper, no. 934 (G, NY, S); sandy bog, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 852 (NY); moist pine barren 2 miles west of Glennville, Tatnall Co., Eyles, no. 6435 (CU); Dr. Baldwin, fragment from Herb. Schweinitz (NY, TYPE). FLORIDA: moist pine lees near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 4868 (G, NY, US); Hastings, St. Johns Co., Tracy, no. 9286 (iS, NY) US): Tampa, Hillsborough Co., May, 1876, Garber (US); prairie, ve miles east of Okeechobee City, St. ucie Co., Small et al., no. 3 (NY); wet places, Bear Creek, Gadsden Co., June 1841, Hse (G, in part) ; wet pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore H erb., 256a (G, NY, US); pine barrens 8 miles west of Apalashiaets Gulf Co., Eyles, no. 5783 (CU); swamps, Walton Co., 1885, rou (NY ). AtaBaMa: low pine barrens, Mobile, Mobile Co., ne, 1870, Mohr (NY); Sartwell (G). Mussissrprr1: Biloxi, Fickich Co., Tracy, no. 4894 (NC, NY, US). Lovrstana: New Orleans, Drummond (G) 31. R. Fernaldii, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis basilaribus 1—1.5 mm. latis planis marginibus laevibus vel subtiliter serru- latis, apicem versus triquetris: culmis teretibus tenuibus rigide erectis 2.5-5.2 dm. longis: fasciculis 1-2 congestis corymbiformi- bus; lateralibus one pedunculatis; pedunculis erectis: spiculis ovoideis 2-2.5 m m. longis sessilibus confertis erectis vel patenti- bus 3—4-floris 2-3-carpis: squamis aristulatis laxe imbricatis fuscis: setis 6 antrorse hispidulis rigide erectis, achaenio fere ry eepeatres achaenio lenticulari-obovoideo, biconvexo, parvo mm. lato 0.9-1 mm. longo) laevi furvo; disco leviter pallid- iore: tuberculo compresso-deltoideo, 0.2—0. 3 mm. alto. PLATE 825, Frias. 3A and 3B; Map 34.—Pine barrens of southern Georgia, northern Florida and coastal Alabama. GroraiA: rather dry sandy road in pine barrens near Camp Cornelia, Charlton Co., Aug. 8, 1902, Harper, no. 1487 (G, TypE; NY, ‘US, IsoTYPES) ; near Lem Griffin’s Camp, Okefenokee Swamp , Clinch Co., Oct. 1938, Eyles, no. 164 (CU); piney woods, Billy Island, Charlton Co. July 7, 1912, Bradley, no. 4 (P). FLORIDA: in a low pineland, 7 miles southwest of St. Augustine, St. Johns Co., Aug. 8, 1929, O'Neill (CU); Sanford, Orange Co., Aug. 23, 1899, Pieters, no. 301 (US); in low pinelands, Alva, Lee Co., Oct. 30, 1917, Francis, no. 41 (US); low pine barrens near the seashore, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Oct. 27, 1895, Mohr (US); pine barrens, Apalachi- cola, Franklin Co., July, 1870, Chapman (US); low pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore H erb., no. 9 (G, NY; US, in part) ; Chapman (P, no locality given), ALABAMA: Buckley, no. 35 (NY). In habit, R. Fernaldii suggests a dwarfed state of R. fascicu- laris var. distans. The plant is tufted, the slender culm is stiffly a ; 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 183 erect, and the small terminal fascicle is corymbiform and fre- quently accompanied by a lateral fascicle on a slender peduncle. However, among the members of this series the spikelets and achenes of this species are unique in their minuteness. The former measure only 2—2.5 mm. in length and the tiny blackish achene varies from 0.9-1 mm. in length. I suspect that this character was in part responsible for the long neglect of this species, for at first glance the inflorescence does suggest an un- developed state of var. distans. This species has been named in honor of Professor M. L. FERNALD. 32. R. GRACILENTA Gray. Caespitose: radical leaves filiform, about 10 mm. high, cauline leaves filiform to usually 1-2.5 mm. wide, flat; upper margins serrulate; tips triquetrous: culms terete, slender, erect to flexuous, 0.3—1 m. in height: terminal cyme a single fascicle, irregular in outline to corymbiform, with few spikelets, 0. 8-1. 2 cm. wide; or less often several fascicles on stiff branchlets: lateral fascicles 1-2 (rarely 3) on exserted peduncles: spikelets ovate, split open by the developing achenes, bearing 2-3 florets, the lowermost of which is often abortive, 1—2-fruited, sessile, 3-3.5 mm. long: scales aristate, castaneous: bristles 6, delicate, upw atdly serrulate, falling short of to slightly exceeding the tubercle: achene oval to suborbicular in outline, 1.1—1.7 m wide, 1.3-1.8 mm. long, compressed, umbonate, ‘smooth, dull dark brown at maturity, often with a conspicuous light disc: tubercle broad-based, with a long slender strap-like terminal extension, strongly compressed, 1-2.6 mm. long. Pxate 826, rics. 6A and 6B; Mar 36.—Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 216, pl. 6, fig. 27 (1835) ; Chapman, FI. "So. U8. ‘507 (1860); Britton & Brown, Il. Fl, i. 279, fig. 657 (1896); Britton, Man. 186 (1901); Small, Fl. 195 (1903) and Man. 182 rere Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 200, fig. a (19 08); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 196 (i9 16); Kikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxi. 208 (1926). R. gracilenta var. diversifolia Fernald, Ruo- DORA, XXXVii. — ( coe R. fusca sensu Gray, Gram. et Cyp. i. no. 93 (1834 ), in part.1 R. Drummondiana Boeckeler, Fl. xli. 644 (1858). R. ieichomhe Fernald, Ruopora, xxxix. 389 (1937). Phaeocephalum gracilentum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Bogs and moist areas in swales, common along the Coastal Plain from New Jersey to southeastern Virginia; ap- parently more scattered southward in the Carolinas Hed Georgia; 0. 93 was apparently made up from a mixed collection. In the volume belonging to the. library of the New York Botanic Garden, no. 93 is R. gracilenta, as sta Gray in an appended correction; but in the volume seem, to the Gray Herbarium, no. 93 is R. fusca (L.) Ait. f., as stated on the original I 184 Rhodora [May westward along the coast to eastern Louisiana; infrequent inland stations in the mountains of Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, and in central Arkansas and eastern Texas. The citation of the bulk of specimens from New Jersey and states south to Virginia has been omitted. Nrw Jersey: ‘pine barrens of N. J., Aug.—Sept.”’ in Gray’s handwriting (NY, Type). Vir- GINIA: cranberry-meadow in wet spots, Stuart’s Draft, Augusta Co., Carr, no. 303 (G). Norra Caro.ina: wet grassy pineland, 12 miles west of Swan Quarter, Hyde Co., Oosting, no. 22 : low pineland at Dunn, Harnett Co., Godfrey, no. 6140 (D, G); sphagnum swamp, vicinity of Black Mt., Buncombe Co., Standley & Bollman, no. 10464 (US); dry sandy soil near Supply, Brunswick Co., Blomquist, no. 11266 (D, G). SourH CAROLINA: grass-sedge bog or savanna, 12 miles north of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 60 (D, G, NY); grass- sedge bog or savanna, 1 mile west of Chicora, Berkeley Co., July 24, 1939, Godfrey & Tryon (G); Sumter, Sumter Co., . 3740 (P); Aiken, Aiken Co., July—Aug., 1866, Ravenel (G). Grorata: pine barren, Pooler Road near Ogeechee Canal and Little Ogeechee River, Chatham Co., Eyles, no. 6239 (CU); moist pine barrens, Rushing Pond, near Statesboro, Bullock Co., Eyles, no. 6185 (CU); moist meadow, Leslie, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 414 (G, NY, US). FiLoria: sphagnous swamps near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 5072 (CA, NC, NY, US); Marianna, Jackson Co., Tracy, no. 4887 (US); wet pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 4478a (G, NY, US). Atapama: Lee Co., June 29, 1897, Earle & Baker (NY); in a wet place, Perdue, Coffee Co., Blanton, no. 84 (G, US). TENNESSEE: permanently moist meadow with ox-bows of Abrams Creek, west end of Cades Cove, Blount Co., Great Smoky National Park, alt. 1700 ft., Camp, no. 1993 (US); grassy borders of small pond south of Altamont, Grundy Co., Svenson, no. 9181 (G); bogs between Tracy City and Coalmont, Grundy Co., Svenson, no. 9568 (G). Muisstssrpp1: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Pollard, no. 1005 (G, NY, US); Biloxi, Harrison Co., Tracy, no. 7003 (G, NY); Bay of St. Louis, Hancock Co., Sept. 13, 1883, Langlois (G, NY). ArKANnsas: sandy bogs, Malvern, Hot Spring Co., Palmer, no. 8095 (CA, Mo, P, US). Louisiana: vicinity of Covington, St. Tammany Parish, Arséne, no. 11735 (Mo); dampish soil, 2 miles west of Hammond, Tangipahoa Parish, Trotter & Chilton, no. 153 (La); New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Drummond, no. 397 (G, 1soryrE of R. Drummondiana Boeckeler). Trxas: swamps, Swan, Smith Co., Reverchon, no. 2921 (Mo) and no. 2918 (Mo); ponds, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 717 (G). A study of specimens of R. gracilenta selected to represent its —— 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 185 entire range tends to minimize the significance of var. diversifolia Fernald. This variety was defined on a basis of its “stiffer habit, broadish cauline leaves, and longer spikelets, fruits and tuber- cles.”’ However, a stiffer habit and broader cauline leaves are not always accompanied by spikelets with larger achenes, and vice versa; nor would it be practical to re-define var. diversifolia solely upon the size of its achene, for the common occurrence of achenes of intermediate sizes would make the choice of defini- tive measurements purely arbitrary. R. trichophylla Fernald was based on a peculiar colony in Sussex Co., Virginia. Identical in habit with the more robust specimens of FR. gracilenta, this material bears achenes dis- tinguished by bristles which barely equal the slightly prolonged deltoid tubercles. Typical achenes of R. gracilenta, on the other hand, have long bristles often exceeding the long strap-like tubercle. However, a close study of the material of R. gracilenta reveals that short bristles as well as the deltoid-attenuate tubercle of R. trichophylla fall within the range of achenial variability of the former species. 33. R. WricgutiaAna Boeckl. Densely tufted: leaves usually filiform to rarely 1.3 mm. wide, ascending to loosely spreading: culms filiform or very slender, wiry, stiffly erect to weakly ascend- ing, leafy, 1-4.6 dm. high: fascicles 1-2, rarely 3, with 1-few spikelets, not ue 1 cm. in width; lateral fascicles on subex- serted peduncles: bracts setaceous, several well exceeding the fascicle: spikelet ovoid, usually split, revealing the tubercle and upper portion of the achene, 1—2-flowered, with a rudimentary floret terminating the axis, Ma 2-fruited, sessile, 3-3.5 mm. long: scales mucronate, castaneous, caducous: bristles 6, variable in height but rarely exceeding the achene, upwardly serrulate: achene elliptic in outline, biconvex, 1.2- 1.3 mm. wide, 1.3—-1.5 mm. long, smooth, dark brown; a somewhat paler dise indistinct or lacking: tubercle triangular-compressed, 0.6-0.8 mm. long, the tip prolonged as a broad, blunt beak. PLaTE 825, FIGS. 5A and 5B; Map 37. —Flora, lxiv. 78 (1881); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916); Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 104 (1923); Small, Man: 183 (1933), excl. syn. R. brachychaeta Sauv. R. graci illiima C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 85 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 181 (1873). R. tenuis Baldwin ex Gray, Ann. pode ee yo. 217 (1835), publ. in syn. of R. distans var. $., non Link. R. distans var. 8. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 217 (i835). i distans 186 Rhodora [May ANA, Var. T yrica; 53, R, LInDENIANA, var. BAHAMENSIS; 54, R. Grayu; 55, R. cunrxa; 56, R. cupensis; 57, R. STENOPHYLLOIDEA; 58, R, MEGALOCARPA, 59, R. Harveyi. 2 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 187 var. tenuis (Baldwin) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Aead. Sci. xi. (1892). R. brachychaeta sensu Small, Fl. bat (1903), non C. Wright in Sauvalle. &. pallida sensu Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. 11. 126 (1900), in part, non M. A. Curtis. R. distans (Michx.) Vahl var. y. gracillima (C. Wright) Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 208 (1926) and xxxii. 77 (198 3).— Wet sand or peat of ditches, swamps, ponds or pockets in pineland of the Coastal Plain from southern North Carolina south to the Florida Penin- sula and westward in coastal Alabama; also ponds of Cuba and mountains of Puerto Rico. Norra Carouina: wet sand, Fort Caswell, Brunswick Co., Godfrey & Shunk, no. 4140 (G, imma- ture). SourH CAROLINA: peaty pocket in pine barren, 5144 miles south of Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 201 (G, NY, P); peaty pocket in pine barren, 5 miles north- west of McClellanville, Charleston Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1120 (G, NY); gum-pond i in pine barren, 4 miles west of Bonneau, Berkeley Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1625 (G, NY); margin of barrow-pit near Savannah Rives Refuge, Jasper Co., Eyles, no. 6123 (CU). Groreta: drainage-ditch, Wilmington ‘Island, Chatham Co., Eyles, no. 4380 (D); pine barrens, Bethesda Church, Effingha am Co., Eyles, no. 6104 (CU); moist sandy place, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 897 (NY, US); margin of pine-barren pond about 2 miles northeast of Hawkinsville, Pulaski Co., Harper, no. 1376 (G, NY); sandy — along railroad near Douglas, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 684 (NY, US). Fuioripa: moist pine buries heat a ri Nees, Duval Co. Curtiss, no. 4946 (G, NY, US) and 3152 (CU, D!, G, NY, P, U 8); low pineland, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 662 (G, NY, P, US) and no. 642 (G, NY, US); grassy swamp, Okeechobee ‘Region, Brevard Co., Fredholm, no. 5750 (G, NY, immature); prairie, ft ae east of Okeechobee City, St. ee Co., Small et al., no. 9304 (NY); wet place, Hardin Co., July 2 , 1940, Schallert (G, ae nes ALA- BAMA: Mobile, Mobile Rae ” July 16, 1897, Mohr (CU). CuBa: swampy place, pinelands at km. 12 of the highway 4 La Coloma, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17824 (NY); shore f Laguna de Junco, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17861 (G, US); “sobre tembladeras en medio de lagunas, en la Vuelta de Abajo”, Wright, no. 3781 (G, rrpg; NY, US, probable ide Bees Puerto Rico: plants of the Luquillo Mt., Wilson, 7 (NY); in monte Jimenes, S* de Luquillo, Sintenis, no. i381 (NY, US). This species was originally described by Wright in 1873 under the name of R. gracillima. Boeckeler, however, in 1881, noting ' One sheet of this number _ Duke University is R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl ~ var. distans (Michx.) Chapma: 2C. Wright in Sauvalle, FI. Gab. 181 (1873). 188 Rhodora [May an earlier application of this name by Thwaites' in 1864 to a species from Ceylon, renamed the West Indian species R. Wrightiana, in honor of its collector. Subsequently its status was confused by C. B. Clarke who mistakenly placed R. Wrighti- ana in the synonymy of the Atlantic coastal species R. pallida M. A. Curtis. With R. brachychaeta it formed the basis for Clarke’s report of R. pallida from the West Indies. The plant which extends northward into southeastern Virginia and which ey fe passed as R. Wrightiana is R. debilis. . R. rascrcunLaris (Michx.) Vahl. Caespitose, often coarse- Ms so: eae leaves 1 (rarely less) to 4 mm. wide, curling to erect, oe: margins and keel finely serrulate: culms subterete and slender stout and obtusely 3-angled, stiffly erect, becoming flexuous, 0. 4 (rarely)—1.3 m. high: terminal fascicle simple or corymbosely compound, 1—5.5 cm. wide, the ultimate densely fasciculate clusters borne on stiff erect peduncles, lateral fascicles 1—3 or none, simple or less commonly compound, distant, exserted to subex- serted on short erect peduncles: bracts several, foliaceous to setaceous, exceeding the fascicles: spikelets lance-ovoid to ovoid, 3-4.5 mm. long, erect, sessile, 2—4-flowered, with a terminal rudimentary floret, 1-3-fru ited: scales ovate to lanceolate, prominently mucronate to aeistate, caducous, 3-4 mm. long: bristles 5—6, rudimentary and short to well developed and exceed- ing the achene, stifly erect, antrorsely serrulate: achene ovate to orbicular or elliptic, smooth, chestnut- to blackish-brown, evenly biconvex to oe with . without a pale disc, ob- scurely marginate, 1.1-1.5 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long: tubercle ese but sagas deltoid to Hci eabnilate. 0.4-0.7 mm. 34a, Var. typica. Habit usually very robust: spikelets usually with a conspicuous recurved mucro: achene ovate to saianaare rarely elliptic, dark to blackish brown, umbonate, usually relieve by a prominent pale disc, 1.2-1. 5 mm. wide, 1.4-1.5 mm. long: tubercle variable but essentially deltoid to deltoid-subulate. PLatE 825, Frias. 1A and 1B; Map cer Britton, Mem. Soe . Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916). Schoenus fascicularis Michaud , Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 37 (1803). R. ona var. 6. fascicularis Kikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxi . 208 1 Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 435 (1864). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 189 (1926). Phaeocephalum fasciculare House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Roadside-ditches, peaty. savannas, low pine barrens and lake-margins, Princess Anne County in southeastern Virginia, and common southward on the Coastal Plain from North Carolina to the Peninsula of Florida; less frequent in the coastal states west to eastern Texas; also in western Cuba, amaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and Central America. Vir- GINIA: wet peaty depressions in sandy pineland, The Desert, Cape Henry, Princess Anne Co., eee & Long, no. 3790 (G, P). Norra Caro.uina: New B ern, Craven Co., T. H. Kear rney Jr., no. 1974 ee Soi at sea-level, Carteret Co., Codkrey, no. 6408 (G, N Y); pineland, White Lake, Bladen Co., Godfrey, no. 5982 (D a): drainage-ditch at Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co., Godfrey, no. 4724 (G); savanna, 7 miles southwest of Wilmington, Brunswick Co., Godfrey. & Shunk, no. 4113 (G, NC). SourH Caro.ina: sandy drainage-ditch, 2 miles west of Salters, Williamsburg Co, Go dfrey & Tryon, no. 512 (CU, DG, SY, P); shallow peaty pond in pine barrens, 9 ee north of Fea each Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, n 758 (D, NY); drainage-ditch, 3 miles north of MeClellan. ville, Siicun Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 683 (G); grass- sedge bog or savanna, 3 miles southwest of Manning, Clarendon Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 940 (G, NY); grass-sedge bog or savanna, 1 mile west of Chicora, Berkeley Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 842 (G, NY); wet sand pockets, 5 miles north of Ridge- land, Jasper Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 599 (G). CaroLina, uin, Michaux Herb. (G, TyYPE-PHOTO.; NY, TYPE-FRAGMENT from Michx. Herb.). GroroGia: moist sandy roadside in pine barrens, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 878 (G); Wilmington agri Chatham Co., Eyles, no. 4891 (CU); Wayne Co., Baldwi i green sphagnum swamp, 9 miles north of Darien on U.S. Rou te 17, MacIntosh Co., Hylan, no. 6439 (CU); pine woods, Kingsland, Camden Co., Small & D eWinkler, no. 9682 (NY); pineland-pool just east of the Clinch Co. line on U. §. Route 84, Ware Co., Eyles, no. 6327 (CU); hammock at edge of swamp on Billy’s Island, Okefenokee Swamp, pene Co., Eyles, no. 635644 CU}; m margin of pees en pond n r Downing, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 1440 (G, NY, US); moist ne barrens, Thomas Co., Harper, no. 1173 (G, U8). FLoripa: moist pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtis, no. 4945 (G); low pineland, Lake City, Columbia Co., O'Neil no. 7675 (CU); Hibernia, Clay Co., Mar., 1869, Canby (G US); ditch near Clyatt’s Station, Gainesville, Alachua Ce: me 13, 1940, Arnold (CU); wet flat- woods, Welaka, Putnam Co., Laessle, oun 15 (CU); dry sand, high pineland, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 641 (G, NY, US); near Sanford, Seminole Co., Aug. 1931, Rapp (NY): in a low pineland, Bithlo, Orange Co., O'Neill, no. 5268 (CU); 190 Rhodora [May prairies near Lake Washington, coke ard Co., Small e he — no. 9741 (NY); Kissimmee, Osceola Co. . May 10, , Mearn (US); ditch, Polk Co., July 27, “ner Schallert ne in as ditch, Lake Jovita, Pasco Co., Britton, no. 2609 (CU); near water, near St. Petersburg, Pinellas Co.,: Mre.-C 4. Deam, no. 2899 (G); pinelands near Fellsmere, Indian River Co., Small, no, 8868 (NY); Okeechobee Prairie north of Okeechobee City, Okeecho- bee Co., Small et al., no. 9238 (NY); Palma Sola, Manatee Co., Tracy, no. 6996 (G, NY, US); ditch, Sarasota Co., July 29, 1940, Schallert (G); pinelands, east of Punta Gorda, Charlotte Co., Small, Mosier & DeWinkler, no. 10928 (NY); around ponds, Myers, Lee Co., Hitchcock, no. 423 (G, NY, US): low pineland, 5 miles south of Stuart on east coast, Martin Co., O’ Neill, no. 5265 (CU); St. Vincent Island, Franklin Co., M cAtee, no. 1806 (US); low pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., "Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 4469 (G, NY, US); Lake Gentry, Santa Rosa Co., Howell, no. 1092 (US). Atasama: low pineland about Miflin Creek, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 25, 2 Wolf (StB); low swampy pine barrens, Mobile, Mobile C July, 1872, Mohr (US). Tetons Ocean Springs, ae Co., Pollard, no. 1016 (D, G, NY, US); Long Beach, Harrison Co., ’ Aug. 25, 1896, Joor (Mo): Cat Island, Hancock Co. , Lloyd & Tracy, no. 359 (NY). LOUISIANA: In pine wood clearings, Slidell, St. Tammany Parish, Oct. 5, 1891, Langlois (NY); near Indian Village, east of New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Killip, no. 13968 (US). Trxas: Jefferson Co., Tharp, no. 3055 (U S). CupBa: in savannas, towards Bibijaguas, Nueva Gerona, Isla de Pinos, Ekman, no. 12535 (G, US); dry ground, Laguna Jovero and vicinity, Pinar del Rio, Shafer, no. 10752 (G, NY); sabanas, El Sabalo, Finca Sabanalamar, Pinar del Rio, near sea level, Killip, no. 32260 (CU); palm barrens west of Guane, Pinar del Rio, aguna Santa Maria, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17274 (US): sandy pine woods (damp) Pinar del Rio, Oct. 1863?! C. Wright, no. 3392? (NY); on edge of laguna, Herradura, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 11585 (G); low savannas, Chirigo ota, Pinar del Rio, Oct. 26, 1863? Wright, no. 339922 (US); low wood at 420 m., north slope of Loma Pelada de Buenavista, Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio, Leén, no. 13561 (NY). JaMArIca: summit of Bull Head, Chapelton to Bull Head, Middlesex, Underwood, no. 33646 (NY). Hispantoxa: laterite soil at Dutreuil, Corail, Western Group, Massif de la Hotte, Dept. du Sud, Haiti, c. alt. 250 m., Ekman, 1 See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 (1905). 2 The penciled number 3399 appears on 3 Wright sheets, the specimens of which are for the most part R. fascicularis. These are undoubtedly no part of the original ‘Cuba or. (Wr. 3399)"’ on which Grisebach based in part his description of R. deflera. ’ See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 (1905). 1944) Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 191 no. 10741 (US); in savannas, El Valle, Sabana de la Mar, prov. de Samana, Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, Ekman, no. 15667 (NY); forming colonies, in Sabana de Ponton, toward Cotul, Rinc6n, prov. de la Vega, ae del Cibao, Dominican Republic, Ekman, no. 14623 (G, US). Purrrto Rico: in sphag- num, western end of Laguna Tortuguero, Britton & Britton, no. 7872 (NY, US); wet white sand, vicinity of Vega Baja, Britton, Britton & Brown, no. 5788 (NY); moist sandy sojl, Santurce, Heller & Heller, no. 583 (NY, US). . Var. DISTANS (Michx.) Chapm. Habit more slender than that of var. typica: spikelets mucronulate: achene elliptic in outline, gradually biconvex, not umbonate, chestnut to dark brown, without a well-defined central disc, 1.1-1.8 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long: bristles 6, always exceeding the achene: tubercle compressed, triangular-subulate with a narrow base. PLATE 825, Frias. 2A and 2B; Map 40.—FI. So. U.S. 527 (1860). Schoenus distans Michaux, Fl. Bor. ea 1.36 (1803). R. vcore Vahl, Enum. ii. 235 (1806) ; Elliott, Sk. me fer Car eee Ga. 59 (1816): Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii. 216, 6, fig. 28 (1 835): Clarke in Urban, Symb. hat. ii. 125 (1900); Fal FL. oe (1903) and Man. 182 (1933): Britton, Fl. Bermuda 53, fig. 81 (1918); Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 103 (1923) ; Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 208 (1926). R. dommucensis A. H. Moore, List of Pl. Coll. in Bermuda, 1905: 6, pl. 1 and 2 (1906). Phaeocephalum distans House, Am. Mid- land Nat. vi. 202 (1920). Dichromena distans Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. xi. 5 (1931).—Moist. sandy or peaty pineland from southeastern Virginia southward along the Coastal Plain to the tip of Florida and west to Mississippi; also Bermuda. VirRGINIA: moist sandy and peaty pine barrens, south of Lee’s Mill, Isle of Wight Co., Fernald & Long, no. 12273 (G, P); wet peaty pine barrens, east of Cox Landing, south of ete Quay, Nansemond Co., Fernald & Long, no. 10551 (CU, G, NY, P) Nortu CAROLINA: savanna, Chocowinity, Beaufort Co. , Godfrey, no. 5417 (G); ee 5 miles west of Clinton, Sampson n Co., Godfrey, no. 4502 (D, G); moist boggy places, north side of White ake, Bladen Co., Blomquist, no. 10863 (D); pineland fons Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co. , Godfrey, no. 4708 (G, NC). Sourn CaRroLina : peaty pocket in pine apa 5 miles northwest of McClellanville, Charleston Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1122 (DG, PR, NY), Canora: Michaux G, TYPE-PHOTO; NY, TYPE-FRAGMENT from Michaux Herb.). Groreta: shady woods Leas Sry ies and Springfield, Effingham Co., Harper, no. 6 (G, NY, US); border of pond near Middleground Road, ie Co. , Eyles, no. 6228 (CU); moist sandy roadside in pine barrens, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 878 (C, NY, US); margin of shallow ‘pond i in sandhills of Satilla River, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 192 Rhodora [May 1447 (G, NY, US); sphagnous bogs near Bugaboo Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Charlton Co., Harper, no. 1477 (G, N US); pine barren near Lem Griffin’s, Okefenokee Swamp, Clinch Co., Eyles, no. 6373 (CU). FLorIpA: damp shady woods near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 5072¢e (G, NY); low moist ground, Welaka, Putnam Co., Laessle, no. 20 (CU); flatwoods, Lake Helen, Volusia Co., Apr. 29, 1911, Hood, (G): marsh, Bithlo, Orange Co., O’ Neill, no. 5117 (CU); “Bayhead” i in wet soil, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 802 (CU, G, NY, US); cypress swamp, northeast of Labelle, Lee Co., April 24, 1921, Small & DeWinkler (NY); eerie: east of Sebring, DeSoto Co., Small & DeWinkler, no. 9074 (NY); ancient sand dunes about Lake Jackson, Leon Co., Small Mosier & De- inkler, no. 10874 (NY). ALABAMA: low pineland about Miflin Creek, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 25, 1926, Wolf (StB). BERMUDA: Pembroke “Marsh, Brown, Britton & Bisset, no. 2122 (NY); Devonshire Marsh, Brown & Britton, no. 170 (NY); Devonshire Marsh, A. H. Moore, no. 3004 (G, type of R. dom- mucensis A. H. Moore; NY, 1soryPe). The variability of this species, both in habit and appearance of the achene, was undoubtedly responsible for its original sepsration by Michaux into two distinct species, Schoenus fas- cicularis and S. distans. In 1805, Vahl transferred both species to Rhynchospora; and later Gray, following established precedent, also recognized both R. fascicularis and R. distans. However, in 1860 Chapman reduced R. distans to varietal rank under R. fas- cicularis, and in the third edition of his Flora dismissed it as “R. distans Nutt. the form with longer bristles.’ In 1926, Kiikenthal, although apparently unfamiliar with the Flora of the Southern United States, reached a conclusion similar to that held by Chapman. The former, however, preferred to keep R. distans as the species and subordinated R. fascicularis as R. distans var. fascicularis. Obviously this was an unfortunate choice since, by International Rules, if the varietal rank is to be maintained the earlier decision of Chapman to preserve R. fas- cicularis and reduce R. distans must be followed. Along the coastal plain from Virginia to Florida and west to Louisiana, R. fascicularis has been identified as a caespitose plant with a shock of coarse, often curling basal leaves 2-4 mm. wide, much shorter than the stiffly erect, subtriquetrous culms. The terminal cyme is nearly always irregularly compound, the spikelets 3-4.5 mm. long and composed of prominently aristate a ee ee ee ee eee SL eee ee eee ee 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 1938 scales 3-4 mm. in length. The achene is usually ovate to orbicu- lar in outline, less frequently elliptic. Its surface is consistently smooth, blackish-brown, with a prominent pale disc. On smaller achenes, however, the disc may be indistinct or absent. Specimens from Virginia and Carolina have short rudimentary bristles not exceeding 144 the achene in height; but in Georgia and Florida occasional specimens occur in which the bristles may equal or exceed the achene.! R. fascicularis in Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico is usually represented by comparatively poorly developed speci- mens with reduced inflorescences. The achenes of these speci- mens are, however, both long- and short-bristled, and are indis- tinguishable from those of the mainland. All specimens with long-bristled achenes were formerly as- signed to R. distans. According to previous definition, in addi- tion to the increased length of its bristles, R. distans was separable from &. fascicularis by its consistently more slender habit. However, typically robust specimens of R. fascicularis from Florida and Georgia bear achenes with the long bristles of R. distans; and, vice versa, many of the more slender plants of the West Indies have rudimentary bristles, indicating R. fascicularis. To discriminate between R. fascicularis and R. distans on the basis of bristle-length or comparative size is to set up an arbitrary distinction. On the other hand, slender specimens from Virginia, Bermuda and Carolina south to the tip of Florida and west to Mississippi, bear achenes which are consistently long-bristled, smaller in size, characteristically elliptic in outline, with evenly browned surfaces, and narrow-based, triangular, subulate tubercles. To this category belong the fragments of S. distans from the Michaux Herbarium secured by Dr. Torrey and now in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, so that the name, Rk. fascicularis var. distans (Michx.) Chapm. is properly applied to them. The coarse plants with strongly mucronate scales but dark ovate achenes and well developed bristles may be con- ' The original description of S. fascicularis was possibly based on a ‘ge Rages individual, for Michaux states ‘‘setulis semine laevi pain longioribus.’’ Asa Gra, however, reports that achenes from the Michaux type have ¢ short radixieantary bristles, which is true of the fragment from the Michaux Herbarium now in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden 194 Rhodora [May sidered as possibly transitional between this variety and the di ate short-bristled, widely-spread R. fascicularis var. typica. R. debilis, sp. nov. oo. foliis vel filiformibus debilibus ascendentibusque vel 1 mm. latis erectis planis; mar- ginibus apicem versus subtiliter serrulatis: culmis filiformibus rigidisque subteretibus, laxe ascendentibus vel procumbentibus, 2.5-4.4 dm. altis: fasciculis 1— (rare)2; fasciculo terminali con- gesto acim! parvo (0.5-1.1 em. lato) : spiculis late ovoideis 2.5-3.2 m Sear sessilibus, confertis, 2-floris, tertio rudi- mentario ree pis, saepe a achaenio maturante apertis: squamis slic "fissilibus, quam achaenio brevioribus, valde caducis, castaneis vel fuscis, costis pallidis; setis 5-6 quam achaenio duplo Secnoubad aut minus, antrorse serrulatis: achaenio late ovato vel orbiculari, lenticulari biconvexo 1.4-1.6 mm. lato 1.3-1.5 mm. longo laevi castaneo; disco pallidiore saepe obscuro; tuberculo compresso-deltoideo saepe apiculato 0.3-0.4 mm. alto ; basi lato. PLatr 826, rigs. 5A and 5B; Map 38.—? R. fascicularis var. trichoides Chapman, Fl. So. U. S. 527 (1860), non R. trichodes Clarke-—Damp sandy or peaty clearings of the Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia south to northern Florida and west to Alabama, with an inland station in the Alleghanies of Aa a VIRGINIA: exsiccated argillaceous Y, P); wet pineland south of. Petersburg, Prince George Co., Tul 13, 1938, Fernald & Long, no. 8602 (G, P); wet peaty clear- ing about 1 mile northeast of Burgess, Dinwiddie Co., Sept. 13, 1937, Fernald & Long, no. 7355 (G, P); sandy and peaty bor der of Cat Pond, south of Benns Church, Isle of Wight Co., June 15, 1938, Fernald & Long, no. 8118 (G, P, immature); damp sandy and peaty depressions back of the dunes, Rifle Range, south of Rudy Inlet, Princess Anne Co., July 30-31 and Aug. 4, 1934 Fernald & Long, no. 3797 (G, P): peaty and argillaceous clearing in pineland east of Courtland, Southampton Co., June 10, 1938, Fernald & Long, no. 8119 (CU, a. immature); depressions in argillaceous field north of Littleton, ‘Sussex ae July 22, 1936, Ferna Long, no. 6085 (G, TYPE: NY, US, ISOTYPES); argillaceous and sphagnous meadow Beat ‘of Taylor’ s Mill- He! Greensville Co., June 12, 1939, Fernald & Long, no. 10145 (G, P). Norra CAROLINA: Curtis (P, no locality given); damp open sand 5 miles west of Swanquarter, Hyde Co., June 22, 1927, Wiegand & Manning, no. 598 (G); moist rich soil, low eround along main highway gee Carteret Co., July 17, 1922, Ran- dolph & Randolph’ no. 8 (G). Sourn CAaRoLINa: cartroad through slg. 5 miles south of Andrews, George- town Co., Aug. 11, 1939, Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1376 (D, G, NY); PEE ey ee) aS See ae ae SSPE See ee nae ae Fee ae 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 195 ney Mag aoe cr 2 miles west of Salters, Williamsburg Co., July 14, 1939, Godfrey & Tryon, no. 513 (G, NY); damp soils, Aiken, Aiken Co., Aug., 1866, Ravenel (G). Grorata: roadside, 5 miles east of Statenville, Echols Co., Dec. 31, 1937, Eyles, no. 2682 (CU). Fiorina: Chapman (US, no. 61756). ALABAMA: wet situation, low woods, St. Bernard, Cullman Co., July 17, 1909, Wolf, no. 479 (StB); Mobile, Mobile Co., May, 1845, Sullivant (G); May, 1841, Buckley (G). R. debilis, R. Wrightiana and the two varieties of R. fascicularis probably constitute the most difficult group of species within the Section Eurhynchospora. Both R. debilis and R. Wrightiana, for which R. debilis has been mistaken, are characterized by their wiry, filiform to slender culms which tend to become pro- cumbent. The basal leaves of R. Wrightiana are typically fili- form and sinuously ascending, often equalling the culm in height; rarely they are 1.3 mm. wide and stiff. The reverse is true of R. debilis. Its leaves are more often 1 mm. wide, flat, stiffly as- cending and shorter than the culms. Occasionally, however, they are filiform, and then indistinguishable from those of R. Wrighti- ana. Similarly the fascicles of both species may be identical in appearance but, whereas those of R. Wrightiana are often reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets, those of R. debilis are typically corymbose and congested. A comparison of the achenes gives the most certain means of discrimination. That of R. debilis is round-ovate to orbicular, slightly umbonate, normally pale in the center, with dark brown somewhat depressed sides and blunt margins. It is surmounted by a deltoid broad-based tubercle which may be apiculate. The 5-6 subtending bristles are rudi- mentary, uneven in length, and rarely equalling 44 the achene. The achene of R. Wrightiana, on the contrary, is elliptic to sub- orbicular in outline, evenly biconvex, not umbonate, homo- geneously brown or nearly so, and immarginate. The tubercle is basally deltoid but, unlike that of R. debilis, is apically pro- longed into a broad blunt’bill. The six bristles, although uneven in length, are well developed, often equalling the achene. R. fascicularis is, by comparison with R. debilis and R. Wrighti- ana, a coarse, robust species. Of its two varieties only the weaker specimens of var. distans, with their narrow leaves, attenuated culms and reduced corymbs, might be confused with the more robust specimens of R. debilis or even R. Wrightiana. However, 196 Rhodora [May the culms of normal specimens of var. distans are rarely, if ever, procumbent, the basal leaves are coarse, often spreading and curling, never filiform, with some of them at least 2 mm. wide, and in no case approximating the culm in height. The achene of R. distans most closely resembles that of R. Wrightiana. It is elliptic in outline, 1.1-1.3 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, evenly browned, and surrounded by six well developed bristles which frequently exceed the achene in height. However, the tubercle is merely triangular-attenuate, without the broad bill-like exten- sion characteristic of R. Wrightiana. It is this difference in the character of the tubercle, coupled with the difference in habit, which leads one to believe that R. Wrightiana is a good species, and not merely a delicate state of R. fascicularis var. distans. The filiform (rarely 1 mm. wide) leaves and culms, both of which are characteristically lax to procumbent, the small spike- lets with their round-ovate caducous scales, and its suborbicular achenes distinguish FR. debilis from the much coarser R. fascicu- laris var. typica. In habit it more nearly approaches R. fascicu- laris var. distans; but, unlike the latter, does not possess the broad radical leaves, the stiffly erect culms, and the bristles which in var. distans equal the elliptic achene and occasionally exceed the tubercle. k. debilis has, however, been most commonly confused with R. Wrightiana Boeckl. The latter species, first collected in Cuba by Wright, has since been found on the Coastal Plain from Flori- da to North Carolina. Like R. debilis, it has a weak, lax habit coupled with strictly filiform leaves and culms. The fascicles of h. Wrightiana, however, contain even fewer spikelets than those of R. debilis, and rarely form the small corymbiform glomerules characteristic of the latter. The essential distinction appears upon a comparison of the achenes. The achene of R. Wrightiana is commonly elliptic, exceeded by the six bristles, and surmounted by a deltoid-attenuated tubercle 0.7-0:8 mm. high. That of R. debilis is suborbicular, accompanied by 5-6 abortive bristles which do not exceed Y the achene in height, and is topped by a short deltoid tubercle only 0.3-0.4 mm. high. This entity was probably singled out by Chapman under the name f. fascicularis var. trichoides; but since Chapman’s types are obscure, and the name frichoides is not available for transfer . 1944] Gale,— Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 197 to the species, being already preémpted by Clarke for a West Indian species, R. trichodes, it seems best to treat the plant as a new species, and to designate a type. I have selected as descrip- tive of the lax to procumbent habit the epithet, ‘‘debilis”” which is taken from a memorandum written in Chapman’s hand and attached to a sheet of this species in the Gray Herbarium. (To be continued) oe of De ate te one - ay ae ae 1944] aale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 207 RHYNCHOSPORA, SECTION EURHYNCHOSPORA, IN CANADA, THE UNITED STATES AND THE WEST INDIES SHIRLEY GALE (Continued from page 197) Series 6. Rariflorae, ser. nov. Foliis culmisque filiformibus erectis vel debilibus: cymis pluribus parvis patentibus: spiculis paucis remotis saepissime longe pedicellatis: setis antrorse ser- rulatis: achaenio ovoideo valde biconvexo castaneo vel pallido cancellato vel striato rugoso; rugis acutis. xrowing in bogs and on pond-margins of the Coastal Plain— R. rariflora infrequent inland and also occurring in the West Indies and Central America. Habit caespitose: leaves and culms filiform, erect to reclining: inflorescence of several small, open cymes: spikelets few, remote, mostly long-pedicellate: bristles upwardly serrulate, fragile: achenes ovoid, strongly biconvex, abruptly ridged, cancellate to striate, castaneous or pale, with 2 small whitish tongues of spongy tissue pushed out on either side at the base: tubercle deltoid, compressed.—Rhyn- chospora V. Glomeratae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. hyn- chospora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Sect. 4. Fuscae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 105 (1900), in part. Key To SPECIES OF SERIES RARIFLORAE Spikelet 2—4-flowered, the achene when solitary accompanied by a sterile floret; bristles shorter than the achene; tubercle ; 0.4-6.6 sm. Nigh. fo. or we a aes ae tas 36. &. rariflora. 36. R. rartrtora (Michx.) Ell. Densely tufted: leaves fili- form to 1 mm. wide, involute at least on drying, loosely erect; upper margins finely serrulate: culms filiform to very slender, wiry, flexuous to reclining, 2.4-5.6 dm. high: eymes 1-3, small, lax, open, with few spikelets, corymbiform, the capillary branch- lets ascending to spreading; spikelets broadly ovoid, rarely sterile, remote, long-pedicelled, 2—4-flowered, 1—3-fruited, 3-4 mm. long: scales round-ovate, obtuse, castaneous, often pushed apart at maturity: bristles 6, upwardly serrulate, unequal in length, the longest shorter than the achene: achene obovoid to rotund, strongly biconvex, 1.1—1.4 mm. wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long, castaneous, traversed by abrupt ridges, striate to oblong- cancellate between the ridges; two small whitish ascending tongues of spongy tissue pushed out on either side at the base: tubercle compressed, deltoid, 0.3-0.6 mm. high. Pare 828, 208 Rhodora [JuNu rics. 4A and 4B; Map 49.—Sk. Bot. 8. Car. and Ga. i. 58 (1816) ; Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 197, pl. 6, fig. 3 (1835); Chapman, Fl. So. U. S. 524 (1860); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 92 (1892); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 130 (1900); Small, Fl. 196 (1903) and Man. 183 (1933); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916); Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spee. Nov. xxxii. 78 (1933). Schoenus rariflorus Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 35 (1803); Muhlenberg, Descript. Gram. 10 (1817). &. setacea sensu Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 180 (1873); non Vahl. Phaeocephalum rariflorum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Open peaty depressions, bogs, or pond-margins of the Coastal Plain from New Jersey and southeastern Virginia south to the Florida Peninsula and west to Texas, with isolated inland stations in the mountains of Georgia, in central Tennessee and northern Texas; also in western Cuba, the Isle of Pines, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, and Central America. NEw JeRSEY: clay-bottomed bog, Cold Spring, Cape May Co., Gershoy, no. 168 (G). VirGcinia: boggy swale, Otterburn, about 1 mile west of Amelia Court House, Amelia Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8986 (G, P); sphagnous bog about 1 mile northeast of Burgess, Dinwiddie Co., Fernald & Long, no. 7354 (G, P); argillaceous and siliceous boggy depressions about 3 miles southeast of Peters- burg, at head of Poo Run, Prince George Co., Fernald, Long & Smart, no. 5656 (G); wet peaty margin of pine woods about 3 miles southeast of Zuni, Isle of Wight Co., Fernald & Long, no. 6083 (G, P); damp peaty meadows behind dunes, Rifle Range, south of Rudy Inlet, Princess Anne Co., Smith & Hodgdon in Pi. Exsic. Gray. no. 624 (CU, G, NY, P, US); peaty openings bordering wooded swamp along Mill Creek, about 1 mile north of Skippers, Greensville Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8601 (G, P). ORTH CAROLINA: open pine forest, used soil south of Bennett Memorial, west of Durham, Durham Co., Blomquist, no. 9803 (D); edge of swamp, 14 mile within west boundary of county, highway 264, Nash Co., Blomquist, no. 7686 (D); rich moist low soil near Chocowinity, Beaufort Co., Correll, no. 1589 (D); no. 11 ouTH CarRoLINA: Aiken, Aiken Co., July, Ravenel (G); sunny banks near pond, Lotus Pond, Savannah River Refuge, Jasper Co., Eyles, no. 60 GEORGIA: woods about 2 miles west of Wrightsville, Johnson Co., Harper, no. 1345 (NY, US); low grounds near depot, Millen, Jenkins Co., Se Sg 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 209 Harper, no. 781 (G, NY, US); moist sandy roadside, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 879 (G, N ¥, US); pine barren, 13 miles north of Waycross, Ware Co., Eyles, no. 7027 (G); low wet edge o woods between Folkston and Mattox, Charlton Co., Correll, no. 5520a (D); moist pine barrens, near Huntington, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 13896 (G, NY, US); damp margin of cypress-pond about a mile north of Jakin, Karly Co., Harper, no. 3629 (P, US); Michaux Herb. (G, TypE-PHOTO; NY, TYPE-FRAGMENT from Michaux Herb.). FLorrma: moist pine barrens near Jackson- ville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 4870 (G, NY, US); Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 438 (CU, G, NY, US); in a wet ditch in low pineland at the crossroads east of Fivay, Paseo Co., O'Neill, no. 2613 (CA, CU, US); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., Oct., 1877, Garber (G, P, US); in moist ditch along roadside, about 5 miles north of Parish, Manatee Co., Moldenke, no. 1053 (D, NY); cut-over flatwoods 5 miles east of Lake Rudy, vicinity of Polk Co., McFarlin, no. 5145 (CU); Istokpoga Prairie, between Lake Istokpoga and Kissimmee River, Okeechobee Co., Small & DeWinkler, no. 9058 (NY): Alapittah Flats, St. Lucie Slough to Lake Okeechobee, St. Lucie Co., Small &- ‘DeW inkler, no. 9513 (NY); low grassy pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 259a (NY, US). ALABAMA: Auburn, Lee Co., July 3, 1897, Earle & Baker (NY); boggy ser? slope near Jasmine (on M. an nd O. R. R.), Chilton Co., Apr. 1921, Harper (NY; US with collector’s no. 171); Mobile, Probile Co., May, 1845, Sullivant (G). TENNESSEE: swamps between Spencer and Cagle, Van Buren Co., son, no. 9644 (G) Mississtppr: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Tracy, no. 4863 (NY, US); Biloxi, Harrison Co., Tracy, no. 489 NC, NY, US) LovtstaNna: in low pine barrens near Mandeville, St. Tammany Parish, May 1, 1893, Langlois (G, Mo, US); in cut-over pines four miles west of Hamm ond, Tangipahoa Parish, Trotter & Chilton, no. 141 (La); New Orleans, Drummond, no. 414 (G); in low prairies, Pointe aux Loups, Acadia Parish, Sept. 17, 1894, Langlois (CU, US); wet prairies, Sulphur, Caleasieu Parish, Palmer, no. 7712 (CA, P, US). Texas: along road on dry sandy soil, West Orlando, Orange Co., Apr., 1936, Shee! (CU); bogs, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 716 (G, y NE; US); San Antonio, Bexar Co. | Sept. 20, 1891, Plank (NY); e. Texas, Wright (G); Hookley Co., Thurow (US). Cua: white sand, vicinity of Los Indios, Isle of Pines, Britton, Britton & Wilson, no. 14175 (NY); Isle of Pines, Taylor, no. 59 (G, Ny, US); Colpothrinax savanna, between Pinar del Rio no. 3400 (G); Hacienda San Julian, south of Guane, Pinar el Rio, Leon & & Roca, no. 6937 (NY): eee places, Mateo 210 Rhodora [JUNE Sanchez, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17935 (NY); common, moist places near rivulets in pinelands, Herra- dura, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 17719 (US). Jamatca: in the morass, Pedro Morass, Upper Clarendon, alt. 3000 ft., Harris, no. 11223 (NY, US). HIsPaNIoLa: slightly moist places, Pimen- tal, prov. Duarte, Valle del Cibao, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 13328 (G, US); in savanna, El Valle, Sabana de la Mar, prov. de Samana, Cordillera Central, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 15700 (NY, US 37. R. STENOPHYLLA Chapm. Tufted: leaves filiform, strongly involute, flexuous, ascending, upper margins minutely serrulate: culms filiform, wiry, flexuous, 3.1-9 dm. tall: cymes 1—2, small, weak, lax, corymbiform, bearing only 1-5 fertile spikelets on capillary ascending to divaricate branchlets: fertile spikelets eng to lanceolate in outline, usually 1-flowered, 1-fruited, 3-5 long, remote; sterile spikelets frequent, smaller, fusiform: scales lanceolate, pale, tightly imbricate: bristles 6, delicate, darker than the achene, with few antrorse serrulations, unequal in height, shorter than or exceeding the tubercle: achene obovoid, strongly biconvex, with surface transversely ridged, cancellate, pale, 1-1.3 mm. w ‘ide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long, with two small whitish ascending tongues of spongy tissue 0.4 mm. in height, pushed out on either side at the base: tubercle See aoa deltoid- pare ‘Gee 4 mm. long. Puarr 828, rics. 5A and 5B; Map 41.—F ie S. 525 (1860); Small Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 186 eae Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 92 (1892), excl. syn. R. tenuifolia Griseb. Mal-ecuent 3 in swamps or boggy ground, often in pine woods, Coastal Plain of the Carolinas, northwest Florida and Alabama. NortH CAROLINA: boggy ground ca. 3 miles north of Hampstead, Pender Co., Blake, no. 11906 (G, US). Sour Carouina: Aiken, Aiken. Co., July, 1866, Ravenel (G, NY). Fuoripa: Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapm man (NY); low grassy pine barrens, Apalachicola, F as Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 4479 (US); swamp nea Argyle, Walton Co., Curtiss, no. 5945 (G, NC, NY, US); fer rile pine woods, Walton Oo. Curtiss, no. 3174 Cu, ’P, US) 5, Warring- ton, Escambia Co., Trac y, no. 8613 (G, Y, US). ALABAMA: Great Bog, Mobile Co., July, 1889, Mohr “8; Bigelow (G). In contrast to R. rariflora (Michx.) Vahl, which it closely resembles, R. stenophylla has pale lanceolate scales with acute tips which, in the fertile spikelets, are closely imbricated about the solitary achene. A number of spikelets are characteristically erect, sterile, and fusiform. The scales of R. rariflora, on the other hand, are castaneous, broadly ovate, rounded or obtuse at the tip. Frequently the 2-several-flowered spikelet of the pS or ae eee ees 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 211 latter matures 2-3 achenes which, during growth, cause the scales to separate. Unlike the condition in R. stenophylla, the spikelets of R. rarzflora are usually fertile and distant on wiry capillary pedicels. Two sheets of R. stenophylla from Chapman’s Herbarium (both of which are now at the National Herbarium, no. 968501 and Biltmore Herbarium, no. 4479) have specimens the spikelets of which are comparatively numerous and more than 1-flowered. However, none of these spikelets have mature achenes, and, although they may have been merely immature when collected, there is also the possibility that a are pathological. Series 7. Cernuae, ser. nov. Plantae valde caespitosae saepe veep basibus saepe densis abrillosegue foliis setaceis saepe sis: setis antrorse serrulatis vel laevibus: achaenio parvo sub- tiliter ruguloso vel rugoso nitido et fusco vel castaneo ab valde corrugato et pallido. Small plants (with exception of R, nipensis) growing in ex- siccated locations, such as rocky crevices of stream-beds and dry pine barrens, ‘mostly restricted to the Selb of nan uba. Strongly. caespitose, often depressed: bases often dense, occasionally fibrillose, due to the fraying out and the persistence of the fibro-vascular strands of the old cauline leaves: leaves filiform, setaceous, often curling, or broad, flat and subcoriaceous with the upper surfaces exasperate or pruinose: cymes small, ovoid-capitate, spiciform or weakly corymbiform: spikelets : fruited: scales often pale, with obtuse apices, frequently short, leaving the upper portion of the achene and tubercle exposed: bristles 6, extremely fine, weakly ascending; antrorse serrulations sometimes imperceptible: achenes small, their surfaces finely rugulose, glossy dark brown to castaneous and rugose, or pee and heavily corrugate: tubercle compressed, deltoid.—Rhyncho- spora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Sect. 5. Glaucae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 106 (1900), in part. Key To Species in Serres CERNUAE a. ee of 1-3 loosely genre cymes or a solitary spreading; upper s vid ige pruinose..........-..+-. a pruinosa, b. Radheal I leaves capill if 1 mm. wide flat, attenuate, approximating the culm in length, ascending; upper surfaces smooth. .. . 212 Rhodora [JUNE c. Inflorescence loosely ae spikelets erect to ascend- ing; leaves capillary... . d. Plants Orne depressed tufts; bases hard, fibrous; leaves short, 0.6 dm. in he ight o r less, circinately ones reais 0.2-0.9 im. tall; achene obovate, 1 ele ca eS ee ek ne ee ne 39. RK. crispa. d. Plants rea erect tufts; bases not fibrous; aie ed n he ight, sinuously ascending to erect; cule 2-3. 3 dm. high; achene slenderly er ser m. m. long PED A ne aia et ares «et 40. R. Shaferi. .3-1.4 m ce. Inflorescence of 1-2 dense, ovoid capituli; spikelets erect, ivergent and reflexed, the lowermost nodding in cernua; sth filiform to 1 mm. wide... .e. e. Leaves 1 m phe ascending, attenuate, approxi- fated 3.5 Bai length, nearly equalling ‘to exceed- to divaricate, occasionally reflexed; achene elliptic- ovoid, 0.8-0.9 mm. wide, | Sian mm. long... 2. 41. R. nipensis. e. Leaves filiform, curling, short, 0.15-0.8 dm. in length, less than V the height of the culm; capituli 1— (rarely)2; spikelets erect to nodding on _ short curved pedicels; achene obovoid, 0.8 mm. wide, BAUME oe Sl fee Ag Cha eee ae 42. R. cernua. a. incre consisting of 2 terminal, small, spreading cyme eral cymes; or, if cymes are poorly developed, of ae Spe echicallate: bases of the caespitose tufts not ae f. Mature Eanes oe ‘bristles Pag the former flattened, corrugate and stipitate. ... g- Gre forming Geared sed tufts: (nl 1-1.5 dm. or eak; scales whitish; achen e 0.7 m wide, 1.2 m tong; bri stles shorter than the BHNENE (ee ew 43. R. depressa g. Plants forming erect tufts, not genoa ed; culms 2.4—4.4 dm. enderly erect; “petllen light brown; achenes aii wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long; bristles exceed- : Sail oe 44. R. tenutfolra. f. Mature achenes and bristles castaneous to dark brown, e ormer strongly biconvex to plano-convex, ly t obscurely rugulose, not Pl a stipitate. cucu h. Radical leaves usually exasperate on the upper ony 5-2 mm. wide; the sho oad, achene dark ply biconvex, with the bristles equally iatibited On Doth ides ss 45. R. scabrata. h. Radical leaves smooth-surfaced, 1 mm. wide, usually R. Lindeniana. 38. R. pruinosa Griseb. Caespitose, often Ges basal leaves commonly short, 1.5 (rarely)—3 mm. wide, canaliculate, marginally revolute, with the ha Eee upper surface and the small white inclusions in many of the epidermal cells producing 4 silvery to rimy effect; culms triquetrous, slender, erect, 3 m. high, seldom bearing more than two short divaricate leaves: inflorescence of 1-2 (rarely 3) small glomerules which are oblong- \ Sa at — 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 213 ovate in outline, 3-6 mm. broad; the smaller axillary glomerule subexserted to exserted on a slender erect peduncle: the bract subtending the terminal glomerule occasionally setaceous and inconspicuous, but more often short and leafy: spikelets ovoid, 2—2.5 mm. long, compact, turgid, 1-fruited with the tubercle of the achene protuberant: scales suborbicular, tightly imbricate, pale: bristles 6, delicate and weakly ascending, upwardly serru- late: achene broadly obovoid, biconvex, 0.7—0.9 mm. wide, 1—1.4 mm. long, gleaming dark brown, with barely discernible rugu- losities: tubercle subulate-triangular, 0.4-0.6 mm. long. PLATE 826, rics. 3A and 3B; Map 42.—PI. Wright. pars 2: 535 (1862), preprint of Mem. Am. Acad. Sci. new ser. vill. 535 (1863): Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866); C. Wright i ~ Sad alle, Anal. Acad. Ci. "Habana, vill. 84 (1871) and FI. Cub. 9 (1873), excl. syn. FR. scabrata Griseb. : Clarke in Urban, ae Ant. ii. 132 (1900), exel. syn. R. scabrata Griseb. ; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 198 (1916), excl. syn. R. scabrata Griseb. —Damp woods or thickets often bordering brooks, mountains of eastern Cuba and northern Dominican Republic. CuBa: in woods, Gato Mts., Cobre Range of Sierra Maestra, alt. 1000 m. , Leon, Clement & Roca, no. 10424 (NY); in umbrosis, Loma Mensura, in cacum- ine montis, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, alt. 1000 m., Ekman, no. 9936 (NY): road to pinal, Mayari Abajo, Aug. 6, 1860," Wright, no. 1532 (G, type-number cited without jakalicy ‘by Grisebach); damp banks of stream in thickets, Sierra Nipe near Woodfred, Oriente, alt. 450-550 m., Shafer, no. 3488 (NY, US); Camp La Gloria south of Sierra Moa, Oriente, Shafer, no. 8084 and no. 8085 (NY); banks of rivulets, pe villam Monte Verde dictam, Jan—Jul., 1859, Wright, no. 1532 (G, NY; type-number cited without locality by Grisebach) and no. 729 (G); Wright, ne 3391 , US; also the number of the type-collection of R. scabrata). HISPANIOLA: rare, in forest, Loma Quita Espuela, prov. Duarte (formerly Pacificador), Cordillera Septentrional, Santo Domingo, alt. 800 m. Ekman, no. 12269 (NY). 39. R. crispa, sp. nov. Caespites parvos valde depressos formans; basibus saepe fibrillosis: foliis basilaribus brevibus cireinnatis: culmis filiformibus flexilibus ascendentibus 0.2-0.9 dm. altis, fasciculis 1-2 rare 3 parvis laxe spiciformibus; spiculis paucis; fasciculis axillaribus minoribus gracillime pedunculatis: bracteis et squamis imis setose prolongatis: setis 6, subtilissimis inaequalibus quam achaenio saepe longioribus fere laevibus: achaenio obovoideo biconvexo transverse ruguloso pallide cas- taneo 0.8 mm. lato, 1 mm. longo: tuberculo anne conico 0.6 mm. longo. PLATE 827, rics. 4A and 4B; Map 43.—Wet rocks of the mountain streams, Sierra Nipe, eastern Cuba. CuBA: in wet crevices of rock subject to overflow, Arroyo del Medio above : ‘See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 295 (1905). 214 Rhodora [JUNE the falls, Oriente, Dec. 22, 1909, Shafer, no. 3266 (NY, TYPE); in pinetis (et carrascales) Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, July 24, 1914, Ekman, no. 2171 (NY); banks of upper Sojo River ~ 600 m. alt. Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, May, 1940, Carabia, no. 3731 (G); Pinal Mayari, 700 m. alt. Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, April 7, 1941, Leon & Victorin, no. 19906 (G, in part). The Ekman sheet, no. 2171, in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden bears the copied annotation “R. cernua Gris. det. Kiikenthal, 1926.’ Considering the evident similarity of R. crispa and R. cernua, it is not strange that Kiikenthal failed to distinguish the one from the other. Both form small depressed tufts of curling leaves (although the leaves of R. crispa are apparently more tightly and usually inwardly rolled), from which short, capillary, wiry culms arise. Both have characteristically pale spikelets and the stubby ovate achenes with an identical pattern of surface-elaboration. The cymes of R. crispa, however, are strictly elongate, and are composed of more or less distant and erect—never crowded and pendulous—spikelets. The long setose subtending bracts pass by gradations into the shorter, less strongly setose, basal scales of the spikelets proper. The upper scales of R. crispa appear to be acute with aristulate tips, although from the over-ripe condition of the only available specimens neither this fact, nor the degree of protuberance of the achene from the spikelet can be satisfactorily determined. The small ovoid congested capituli of R. cernua, on the other hand, bear erect to pendulous spikelets, and are exceeded by only 1-2 setaceous bracts at the most, which are sharply differentiated from the poorly developed lower scales. The uppermost scales, beyond which the tubercle and the upper end of the achene protrude, are characteristically emarginate with a short central mucro. Although the achene of R. crispa is of the same shape and size as that of R. cernua, it is. exceeded by several of the slender bristles and surmounted by an elongate flattened tubercle; whereas the achene of R. cernua is short-bristled, with a low conic tubercle. Shafer’s sheet, no. 3266, which I am designating as the TYPE of R. crispa, was identified by Britton as R. Berterii Clarke (R. pusilla Griseb.); but the two species are so utterly different in all but their general size and the bleached appearance of their 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 215 spikelets that it is improbable that such a misidentification should reoccur. FR. pusilla is a lax little plant with flat, soft- textured, spreading leaves which are rarely filiform to 2 mm. wide—very different in appearance from the thick hard-based tufts of R. crispa with their strictly filiform subcoriaceous and inwardly coiling leaves. | 40. R. SHarert Britt. Forming dense, upright tufts: basal leaves capillary, wiry, attenuate, flexuous, ascending; cauline eaves few, attenuate, approximating the height of the culms: culms many, capillary, wiry, flexuous-ascending, 2—3.3 dm. high: cymes solitary, small, loosely spiciform, 3-4 mm. wide, each exceeded by an upright, setaceous bract: spikelets ovoid, sessile, erect or ascending, 1—2-fruited, 2.4-2.6 mm. long; the tubercle and 14—\% the achene exposed: scales broadly ovate, pale; the apex rounded, with the midrib slightly, or not at all projecting: bristles 6, not equalling the achene in height, upwardly serrulate: achene slenderly ovoid, lenticular, compressed, transversely rugu- lose, castaneous, 0.8 mm. wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long: tubercle conic- subulate, compressed, 0.5 mm. high. PLaTe 827, Frias. 2A and 2B; Mar 44.—Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916). R. lingulata Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spee. Nov. xxiii. 211 (1926).— hin soil, rocks on banks of mountain streams, Sierra Nipe, eastern Cuba. Cua: thin soil near base of mountain, Loma Mensura, Oriente, alt. 680 m., Shafer, no. 3797 (NY, Type; US, ISOTYPE); on the edge of Arroyo Machete, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Ekman, no. 15121 (NY, this number cited by Kiikenthal in type-description of R. lingulata); in carrascales-pinetis, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Ekman, no. 2172 (NY, US; this number cited by Kiikenthal in type-description of R. lingulata); rocks, bank of stream, Arroyo del Medio above the falls, Sierra Nipe, Oriente, alt. 250-500 m., Shafer, no. 4477 (NY); carrascales at Rio Pedra, Sierra, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, alt. 200-300 m., Ekman, no. 19107 (G, US), and same locality, Ekman, no. 10010 (G, this number cited by Kiikenthal in type-description of R. lingulata). 41. R. nrpensis Britt. Densely caespitose with thick often heavily fibrous bases: roots coarse, sparingly branched, spongy: radical leaves 1 mm. wide or less, subcoriaceous, flexuous, ascending, approximating the culms in height; the tips flat and blunt, the margins finely serrulate: culms few, slender, erect, 3-3.5 dm. high, bearing 1-2 short, blunt-tipped leaves and ter- minated by a small ovoid dense capitulum of spikelets: bracts few, short, filiform, divergent: fertile spikelets ovoid, 1-fruited, sessile, ascending to divergent, 2.5 mm. long; the tubercle and upper portion of the achene protruding; sterile spikelets numer- ous, small, fusiform: fertile scales ovate, short, with rounded 216 Rhodora [JUNE apices: bristles 6, extremely tenuous, loosely ascending, antrorsely serrulate: achene elliptic-ovoid, compressed, often slightly asym- metric, 0.8-0.9 mm. wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long; mutates dull pale brown, transversely rugulose, the rugulosities conspicuously striolate: tubercle seemingly confluent with the apex of the achene, conical-acuminate, 0.6 mm. long. PLarr 826, rias. 4A and 4B; Mar 45.—Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916), non Kikenthal, R. fibrillosa Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxill. 212 (1926).—Rocks bordering mountain streams of the Sierra Nipe, eastern Cuba. Cusa: rock ravine, dry but subject to overflow after heavy rain, Sierra Nipe, along ‘trail from Piedra Gorda to Woodfred, Oriente, alt. 400-500 m., Shafer, no. 3103 (NY, TYPE); ad ond sve fluvii Rio Piloto, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Ekman, no. 3244 (NY, cited by Kiikenthal in type- description of R. fibrillosa); on rocks of the high cascades of Rio Piloto, Sierra Nipe, Oriente, ca. alt. 700 m., Ekman, no. 15173 (NY, cited by Kiikenthal in type-description of R. fibril- losa); in rock fissures, carrascales at Rio Piloto, Sierra de Nipe, ca. alt. 375 m., Ekman, no. aa (G, US; cited by Kiikenthal i in type-description of R. fibrillos 42. CERNUA Griseb. Depressed, the basal leaves forming dense curly tufts with more or less fibrous bases: leaves filiform, setaceous, wiry, sparingly serrulate, much shorter than the culms: culms filiform, erect, 1—2-leaved, 0.4-2.5 dm. high: inflorescence 1 (rarely 2) small, ovoid capituli 3-4 mm. wide; lateral capituli exserted on long filiform ascending peduncles: ‘spikelets ovate, mm. long, subsessile, erect to pendant, 1-fruited; the achene and tubercle protruding: scales obovate, notched at the apex, with the midrib slightly prolonged, stramineous to whitish: bristles 6, upwardly serrulate, height variable but falling short of the achene: achene obovoid, biconvex, transversely rugulose, Leieegion 0.8 mm. wide, 1 mm. long: tubercle a stubby cone 0.3-0.4 mm. high. PLaTE 826, Figs. 2A and 2B; Map 46,—Cat. Pl. Gib. 248 (1866); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 87 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 182 (1873); Clarke in Urban, By mb. Ant. ii. 133 (1900), excl. syn. R. brevirostris Griseb.; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 (1916).— Open places in pineland, mountains of eastern Cuba. CUBA: pinal near Baracoa, Oriente, June 15, 1861?,2 Wright, no. 3413 ¥, fragment. from Gray Herb. This number cited by Grisebach in type-description); 1860-64, Wright, no. 3365 (G. This number cited by Grisebach in type-description) ; forming small clumps in open places, Sierra Nipe near Woodfred, Oriente, BS B. Clarke lists R. brevirostris in the synonymy of R. cernua, due to a misprint in Griseb. which gives the Wright pole no. of R. brerirostris as 3414 (instead of 3410), making it the same as coll. no. of R. ¢ 2 See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. os atm 295 (1905). Se SEE ET ER er Te ee ee ee ee ST ee ON I ee ne ee Pe nae oa Fae Pe Re Te Serer ee ee ee Se ore ee ee 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 217 alt. 500-650 m. NYG no. 2995 (NY, in part); same locality, pans no. 3048 '(N US); on bank of stream, Rene ae a Gloria, uth of Sierra Mek ’ Oriente, Shafer, no. 8218 (NY); baike of Smal stream, Aserrio de Moa, Oriente, Leén, no. 20254 (G). On a basis of his new species, R. cernua, Grisebach! drew up the section Microchaeta to contain those species which possessed tripartite styles. However, the specimens of R. cernua which I have examined have the typically bifid styles. Grisebach’s description was probably based upon an anomalous specimen with a tricarpellary gynoecium, a condition which occurs spo- ae throughout the Section Hurhynchospora. R. depressa (Kiik.), stat. nov. Growing in depressed Gite leaves filiform, canaliculate and wiry, erect or somewhat arching with the apices rounded and sparingly serrulate: culms wiry-filiform, subterete or flattened, 1-1.5 dm. high, with 1-2 nodes towards their apices; cymes ix 2, strictly acelin the terminal cyme limited to 1-2 branchlets each of which bears either a pair of spikelets, the one subsessile, the other slenderly pedicellate, or a central sessile and two lateral pedicellate spike- lets; lateral cymes smaller, exsertly pedunculate, erect: bracts attenuate, setaceous, paralleling the culm, serrulate: spikelets 2.2m m. long, erect, approximate, sessile or slenderly pedicellate, 1 atk with the tubercle of the achene slightly protuberant: scales ovate, with the midrib extended slightly from a rounded, emarginate apex, papery, whitish, flecked with cinnamon toward the apex: bristles 6, shorter than the achene, with the fine up- ward serrulations somewhat prolonged and silvery toward cons bases: achene slenderly obovoid, lenticular, biconvex, 0.7 m wide, 1.2 mm. long, corrugate with fine | ongitudinal Oxi yellowish- brown: tubercle eed -based, pike-like, 0.4 mm. long, pale, scurfy. PiaTE 826, -lAa nd 1B; Map 48.—R. Lin- UBA: ad marginem rivuli, Minas de Iberia (a Taco Bay), Oriente, Ekman, no. 3808 (NY, US. This number cited by Kiikenthal in type-description of R. Lindeniana var. depressa). R. depressa was described by Kiikenthal in 1926 as a provi- sional variety of R. Lindeniana Griseb. Following the brief description the author stated that the specimens at hand were over-ripe and did not permit of a more reliable diagnosis. I have examined two sheets of the original collection, and, after careful comparison of these with specimens of R. Lindeniana, 'Cat. Pl. Cub. 248 (1866). “ 218 Rhodora [JUNE believe that Kiikenthal’s variety is not conspecific with Grise- bach’s plant. The matted, depressed habit, emphasized by the name, and the dense wiry filiform leaves distinguish the former from both R. Lindeniana var. typica and var. bahamensis (Britt.) Gale. Most fundamental, however, are the differences of inflores- cences and achenes. In R. depressa the cymes are of few spikelets, delicate, strictly ascending, and the scales are silvery white, flecked with cinnamon, emarginate, with short mucronulate tips. The cymes of R. Lindeniana, however, are congested, often irregularly corymbiform, and the scales, although often margin- ally bleached, are definitely castaneous to dark brown, with rounded or acute apices. The achene of R. Lindeniana is ovate to oblong-ovate in outline, plano-convex, indistinctly to finely rugulose, and a glossy dark brown at maturity. The base of the tubercle includes the summit of the achene. The achene of R. depressa, however, is obovate and so flattened as to be only slightly biconvex; its surface is banded by a few pale yellowish- brown corrugations. The narrow base of the tubercle of R. depressa does not include the summit of the achene, and extends to form a small pike-like projection. The type-locality, Taco Bay, Oriente, tends to strengthen the argument for the specificity of R. depressa, for the high rate of endemism in this province is well-known. 44. R. renvurrouia Griseb. Tufted: basal leaves filiform to 1 mm. wide, short, often curling, triquetrous and sparingly serru- late at the tips: culms filiform, loosely ascending, leafy, 2.4-4.4 dm. high: cymes 2-3, 6 mm. wide or less; the filiform branches erect, approximate, with few spikelets; lateral cymes distant on subexserted peduncles, the lowermost not far from the base of the culm: spikelets lanceolate-acuminate in outline, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 3-flowered, 1-fruited, erect on slender pedicels: scales slenderly ovate, acute, light brown, papery, loosely imbricate, promptly caducous: bristles 6, pale, extremely delicate, ascend- ing, heavily and upwardly serrulate, exceeding the tubercle: achene slenderly oblong-ovate, strongly flattened, broadly and heavily corrugate with fine longitudinal striae, pale, frequently dar brown in the narrow interstices between the corrugations, conspicuously stipitate, 0.7-0.9 mm. wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long: tubercle attenuate-subulate, pale, 0.7—0.9 mm. high. Pate 827, rigs. 1A and 1B; Map 47.—Cat. Pl. Cub. 244 (1866); non R. tenuifolia Benth. (1878); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 219 Habana, viii. 86 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 181 (1873). R. pee g sensu Boeckeler, Flora, lxiv. 78 (1881), non Torrey. R. phylla sensu Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 92 (1802), in part, non Chapman; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 200 (1916), non Chapman. R. stenophylla sensu Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 130 (1900), exel. syn., non Chapman. R. stenophylla Chapm. var. albescens Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 211 (1926).—River-banks and moist open wood- lands of northwestern Cuba. UBA: in dense tufts, banks of rivulets San Marcos, jurisdiccion Bahia Honda, Pinar del Rio, Apr. 17, 1863?! Wright, no. 3393 (NY: US, without locality. This number cited ae eee in type-description.)?; 1865, Wright, no. 313 ane no. 315 (NY); in cuabales, Minas, Habana, Ekman, no. 1313 8 (NY); Con Hill, Campo Florido, Havana, Leén, no. 4733 (NY); in a clearing ‘of a wood, Loma de la Pita, San Miguel de Casanova, Havana, Leén, no. 11547 (NY); very sterile locality, in cuabales towards Canasi, Ceiba Mocha, Matan- Ekman, no. 18597 (US); Guabal del Espinal south of San aca station, Matanzas, Leén & Roig, no. 4142 (NY). Grisebach followed the original description of R. tenuifolia with the citation of the Wright numbers 3392 and 3393. The only sheet of number 3392 which I have seen is at the Gray Herbarium. On it are mounted three specimens; the central and largest one is R. setacea which Grisebach mentions as growing with R. tenuifolia. The other two specimens, which have fili- form leaves and culms, are R. Lindeniana, easily distinguished from R. tenuifolia by the finely rugulose rather than deeply rugose achene. According to Grisebach, R. tenuzfolia occurs in both eastern and western Cuba. However, the specimens which I have seen come exclusively from the western half of the island, that is, if the memorandum on Wright’s no. 3393 in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden can be taken to apply also to no. 3393 in the National Herbarium. However, the misidentified no. 3392 at the Gray Herbarium is from the vicinity of Baracoa, Oriente, suggesting the possibility that, if the sheet of no. 3392 which Grisebach saw was similarly mixed, the inclusion of eastern Cuba in the range of R. tenuifolia is erroneous. R. tenuifolia Griseb. is the basis of the reports of R. stenophylla Chapm. from the West Indies. soee R. tenuifolia is very ‘See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii 297 (190 *The sheet bearing numbers 3393 and 3392 at pee Gray Herbarium consists of two specimens of R. Lindeniana Griseb. and one of R. setacea Vahl. 220 Rhodora [JUNE like Chapman’s species in appearance, both having the caespitose habit, filiform leaves ‘and culms, and small, weakly corymbose cymes of pale pedicellate spikelets, the organization of the spikelets and the appearance of the achenes are strikingly dissimi- lar. The spikelet of PR. tenwzfolia is 3-flowered, the lowest floret not maturing and the upper remaining rudimentary. The soli- tary achene, during its growth, forces apart the rather loosely imbricated, promptly caducous seales. The achene itself is slenderly oblong-ovate in outline, strongly flattened, pale, and broadly and heavily corrugate with the cancelli reduced to very fine longitudinal striae. Frequently the narrow interstices between the corrugations are dark brown, the tubercle narrowly attenuate-subulate, and the bristles extremely delicate (as is true in general of the Series Cernuae) pale and heavily serrulate. The spikelet of R. stenophylla, however, is usually 1-flowered (rarely 2-3). The solitary achene is tightly enclosed by the per- sistent scales. The achene, unlike that of R. tenuzfolia, is ovoid, prominently biconvex, and traversed by abrupt ridges between which occur the oblong cancelli. The surface is uniformly pale, except for two small tongues of whitish spongy tissue which occur, one on either side, at the base. The tubercle is triangular, and the bristles, which are heavier than those of R. tenwifolia, are only sparsely serrulate. 45. R.scaBrata Griseb. Caespitose: basal leaves tufted, 1.5-2 mm. wide, short, with obtuse to acute tips; margins serrulate; upper surfaces smooth to exasperate; cauline leaves few, short- bladed, ascending to divaricate: culms obscurely triquetrous, slender, flexuous, erect, 2.3-3.8 cm. high: cymes 2-4, corymbi- form, small (0.8-1 cm. wide), congested; more loosely organized cymes occurring on later-formed shorter culms; lateral cymes on included peduncles: spikelets ovoid, 3-3.5 mm. long: scales ovate to lanceolate, tightly imbricate, pale to castaneous, papery: bristles 6, extremely delicate, weakly ascending, upwardly serrulate, falling short of the tubercle: achene ovoid-ellipsoid, biconvex, gleaming dark brown, transversely rugulose, 0.9-1 mm. wide, 1.4 mm. long: tubercle attenuate-subulate, whitish, 0.9-1 mm. long. 45a. Var. typica. Basal leaves obtusely tipped, 1.5-2 mm. _ wide; upper surfaces exasperate: scales pale, concealing the tubercle. Puare 827, rics. 3A and 3B; Map 50.—R. scabrata Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866). R. Randii Britt. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 198 (1916).—Moist, shaded spots, moun- ) a a ee Smet ee ae ne eteeee emer’ na ‘ = TIS OM Re eae oe RL Te NN Ne Se, Le: ea eae ea ee ogee ee ene eA eee et Pay ae ES a ee Sele ee in he ee 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 221 tains of eastern Cuba. CuBa: pinal of Monte Libano, Oriente, Oct. 7, 1861," and pinal of Mayari, July 24, 1860,2 Wright, no. 3391 (G; NY, US, without locality, this typE-NUMBER cited without locality by Griseb.); shaded bank of small ye Sierra Nipe near Woodfred, Oriente, Schafer, no. 3077 (NY, e of R. Randi Britt.) ; Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Carabia, no. S08 (G); inal Mayari, East of ae Mensura, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Leén & Victorin, no. 19934 (G); open pineland, La Casimba, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, 700) m. alt. Leén & Alain, no. 19241 (G). Since the publication of Sauvalle’s Flora Cubana in 1871, R. scabrata has been considered synonymous with the earlier R. pruinosa Griseb. This confusion may have had its origin in an unfortunate mixture of both species within the type-materia! (Wright, no. 3391) of R. scabrata; for one of Wright’s specimens of this number, at the National Herbarium, is undoubted R. pruinosa, label and citations to the contrary notwithstanding. And possibly the perpetuation of the confusion may have been due to the superficial similarity existing between the two species. Both are caespitose, often depressed, with a tuft of coarse, flat, basal leaves which are subject to degrees of the same peculiar roughness, and from which arise the slender, triquetrous culms. The similarity ends, however, with the inflorescence. The cyme of R. scabrata, although small, is spreading and corymbi- form, and the scales cover the tubercle or, in the case of var. laevifolia, the tubercle protrudes but does not extend beyond the lanceolate scales. The cyme of R. pruinosa, on the other hand, is glomerulate, ovoid-oblong in shape, and so congested as to simulate a small spike; while the characteristic suborbicular scales of the spikelet are exceeded by the wholly exposed tubercle. Then, too, the pronounced transverse rugulosities on the achene of R. scabrata are not at all like the fine almost indistinct sculp- turing on the achene of R. pruinosa. Britton apparently followed previous opinion in reducing #. scabrata to the synonymy of R. pruinosa and, accordingly, the Wright sheet, no. 3391, at New York bears his annotation “ R. pruinosa.” However, for identical material, also collected in Oriente, Britton published the name R. Randii which, now that R. scabrata is given rightful recognition, becomes a synonym of that species. 1 See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 296 (1905). ?See Underwood, loc. cit. 295 222 Rhodora [JUNE 45b. Var. laevifolia, var. nov. Foliis basilaribus acuminatis, 1.5 mm. latis, supra laevibus vel minute granularibus; squamis castaneis; tuberculis squamas superantibus. AP 51.—Moun- tains of eastern Cuba. Cusa: moist places, side of trail, Sierra Nipe, along trail Piedra Gorda to Woodfred, Oriente, Dec. 8, 1909, Shafer, no. 3098 (NY, TYPE). The leaves of var. laevifolia and var. typica are short, approxi- mately 1.5 mm. wide, and basally tufted—identical except in one _ detail: whereas those of the latter have the peculiar exasperate upper surface, from which the specific name scabrata derives, those of the former are smooth or only minutely granular. It is notable that the achenes of both var. laevifolia and var. typica, although inseparable, are, at best, very similar to those of R. Lindeniana. Possibly the one specimen by which var. laevifolia is typified is the result of hybridization between the two very closely related species. 46. R. Linpeniana Griseb. Densely caespitose: leaves lax, setaceous, 1 mm. wide or less, flat, marginally scabrous toward the often rounded apices; cauline leaves long-attenuate, erect: culms obtusely trigonous to subterete, slender to filiform, flexu- ously ascending, sometimes weak, 1.5 (depressed)—7 dm. tall: cymes 2-5, remote, with few spikelets; uppermost cyme small, congested, corymbiform, with many of the spikelets undeveloped and sterile; lowermost cyme not far from the base of the culm, loosely ascending; axillary bracts slender, equalling or exceeding the height of the cymes: spikelets ovoid to rotund, 2-3.2 mm. long, 1-3-flowered, 1-fruited; the tubercle protruding: lower scales mucronate; upper scales acute to obtuse, papery, castane- ous to ferruginous: bristles 6, extremely fragile, weakly ascend- ing, upwardly serrulate, assembled on the flat side of the achene: achene ovate to oblong-ovate in outline, plano-convex, 0.7—0.9 mm. wide, 1.1-1.4 mm. long; surface indistinctly rugulose, glossy, castaneous: tubercle triangular-acuminate or sometimes prolonged and subulate, compressed, whitish, 0.8-1 mm. high. 46a. Var. typica. Spikelets ovoid, 3-3.2 mm. long, with the tubercle protruding: scales castaneous, acute: achene ovate in outline, 0.7-0.9 mm. wide, 1.2 (rarely)-1.4 mm. long; tubercle prolonged, subulate, 0.8-1 mm. high. PLatTe 827, rics. 5A an 5B; Map 52.—R. Lindeniana Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 244 (1866); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 126 (1900), in part var. baha- mensis; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 196 (1916); Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 211 (1926).—Moist woodland in western and eastern Cuba. Cuba: low woods bordering manglares, Toscano, Pinar del Rio, July 29, 18637, 1 See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 297 (1905). 1944] rale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynehospora 223 Wright, no. 3393! (G, in pert 1843-44, Linden, no. 1945 (G, IsoTyPE; NY, drawing of no. 1945 from Mus. Bot. Berol. with data ‘‘ Mt. Lebanon sur les soaee endroits couverts alt. 600 f. v. 1844 leg. Linden’’)?; moist bank of trail, Sabanilla to Yamuri Arriba, Oriente, Shafer, no. 8428 (NY); Yamuri Arriba to Berme- jal, Oriente, Shafer, no. 8455 (NY, US); Camp la Gloria, south of Sierra Moa, Oriente, Shafer, no. 8086 Ne); Baracoa to Flori- da, he Shafer, no. 4328 (G, NY, Var. bahamensis (Britt.), stat. nov. Similar to var. typica in habit, but the spikelets more nearly rotund, 2-2.4 mm. long, with tubercle and achene protruding: scales often ferru-. ginous, usually white-margined; the uppermost blunt: achene oblong-ovate in outline, 0.8 mm. wide, 1.1—1.2 mm. long: tubercle triangular-acuminate, 0.5-0.7 mm. long. PLATE 827, FIG. 5C; Mar 53.—R. bahamensis Britton, Torreya, xiii. 217 (1913); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 198 (1916); Britton & Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 55 (1920); Britton & Wilson, Sei. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 105 (1923).—Open to shady brook- margins and damp slopes of the Bahamas, eastern and western Cuba, eastern Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. BAHAMAS: along path in coppice, Soldiers Road, New Providence, Britton & Brace, no. 588 (NY, tTyPE of R. bahamensis); vicinity of Blue Hills, “New Providence, Wilson, no, 8241 (NY, US); mudholes of mangrove swamp, Deep Creek Andros, Brace, no. 5195 (NY). Cusa: in cuabales, Loma de Cajalbana, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 12710 (G); dry open place, Loma Pelada de Buena Vista, Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio, alt. 400 m., Leén, no. 13797 (N Y): bushy savanna near Loma de la Pita, San Miguel de Casanora, Havana, Dec. 6, 1923, Leén (NY); in humidis, secus Rio Piedra, Sierra de Nipe, “Gusie Ekman, no. 1796 (G, NY). HISPANIOLA: very steep open mountainside, M. Bonpere, Gros-Marne, Massif du Nord, Haiti, Ekman, no. 4959 (G, NY, US). Purrro Rico: rocky slopes, Maricao to Monte Alegrillo, alt. 650-750 m., Britton, Stevens & Hess, no. 2552 (NY); Rio de Maricao, Hess, no. 559 (NY). The specimens of R. Lindeniana which I have studied fall into two groups. That to which the Gray Herbarium isotype, Linden, no. 1945, belongs, I am designating as var. typica. The other group, var. bahamensis (Britt.), includes Britton’s species R. bahamensis. Extremely diverse in habit, both varieties range from subde- pressed, filiform tufts to robust caespitose clumps. The spikelets ‘This is the type-number of R. tenuifolia C. Wright and as such was obviously misapplied to the specimens on this sheet. seg scopulosis montis Liban.” as cited by Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 126 224 Rhodora [JUNE of var. typica, however, are ovoid, acute, 3-3.2 mm. long, and 1-fruited. The solitary achene is oblong-ovoid and slender, 1.2 (rarely)—1.4 mm. long, completely enclosed by the castaneous scales, although the tubercle may protrude. The spikelets of var. bahamensis, by contrast, are nearly rotund, 2-2.4 mm. long, and often 2-fruited. Their scales are characteristically stubby and usually white-margined. Beyond them protrudes the upper portion of the ovoid achene which is 1.1—-1.2 mm. long. Series 8. Cubenses, ser. nov. Spiculis ovoideis apicem versus tenuiter prolongatis pedicellatis; pedicellis longis, tenuibus, divaricatis vel reflexis: squamis dense imbricatis: achaenio fusco longitudinaliter irregulariter rugoso sive contracto et transverse laevissime ruguloso: tuberculo prolongato. rowing on damp, usually shaded hillsides, endemic in the West Indies. Coarsely caespitose: bases hard: leaves 2-4 mm. to reflexed, forming a globose network 2.5 em. wide; lateral cymes on included peduncles: spikelets basally ovoid with a prolonged, acute tip, borne on long, slender, divaricate to reflexed peduncles: scales tightly imbricate: achenes dark brown_ to black, longitudinally wrinkled as if shrunken, transversely but slightly rugulose: tubercle prolonged.—Rhynchospora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Sect. 5. Glaucae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. il. 106 (1900), in small part. Key TO SPECIES IN SERIES CUBENSES ; ; 1.4-1.6 mm. long; bristles equalling to exceeding the tubercle; species limited to : Gat ek eC, Me wee Ae Gogoi e ox Seta Oke 7. BR. cubensis. Achene rhombic-elliptic in outline, conspicuously flattened, -1. . wide, 1.6-1.8 mm. long; bristles usually shorter : than the tubercle; species limited to Hispaniola. ...48. R. stenophylloidea. 47. R. cupensis A. Rich. Coarsely caespitose with hard bases: leaves 2-3 mm. wide, flat, attenuate, loosely ascending, with acutely triquetrous scabrous tips: culms 3-angled, slender, leafy, loosely ascending: cymes 2-4, compound or decompouna, the wiry filiform, stiffly divaricate to mainly reflexed branchlets forming a globose network, 2-5 em. wide; lateral panicles on _ included peduncles: bracts foliaceous: spikelets basally ovoid with a prolonged acute apex, often split open by the maturing achene, 1-fruited, 5-6 mm. long, solitary on slender divaricate to reflexed pedicels: lower fertile scale ovate-aristate, upper scale lanceolate- acuminate and tightly convolute about the prolonged tubercle, 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 225 papery: bristles 6, extremely tenuous, irregularly ascending, upwardly serrulate, equalling to exceeding the tubercle: achene ovoid, swollen, 1.2-1.4 mm. wide, 1.4-1.6 mm. long, dark brown to black, longitudinally wrinkled as if shrunken, especially toward the apex, faintly rugulose from side to side: tubercle 1.1- 1.8 mm. long, whitish, encrusted at the base, abruptly narrowed, then stoutly prolonged to a blunt apex. PLarr 828, Frias. 1A and 1B; Mar 56.—FI. Cub. Fanerog. ii. 294 (1853); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 131 (1900), in part R. stenophylloidea (Kuk.) Gale; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 199 (1916), in part R. stenophylloidea (Kiik.) Gale. R. deflexa Grise- bach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anel. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 179 (1873).— Damp usually shaded hillsides of eastern and western Cuba. Cusa: in a low wood, north slope of Loma Pelada de Buenavista, Cayajabos, Pinar del Rio, alt. 420 m., Ledén, no. 13565 (NY); La Magdalena, Cayamos, Havana, Boker, no. 4644 (NY); Bafios de Casanova, Loma de la Pita, San Miguel de Casanova, Havana, Leon, no. 12480 (NY); Loma de la Coca, near Campo Florido, Havana, Leén, no. 2939 (NY); along brook, vicinity of Madruga, Havana, Britton, Britton & Shafer, no. 709 (NY); edge of creek- bank, dry open serpentine savannah, 10 kilometers west o Santa Clara, Santa Clara, Howard, no. 5089 (G, A); deep woods, limestone outcrop, Loma Ventana, Trinidad Mt., Santa Clara, Howard, no. 6533 (G, A); grassy shaded hillsides, Jucaral, Cien- fuegos Bay, Santa Clara, Britton & Wilson, no. 5742a (NY); not uncommon in wet shaded grassy lands, Cieneguita, southwest district of Cienfuegos, Santa Clara, Combs, no. 419 (G, NY); Monte Verde, Oriente, Aug. 28, 1859?! and Mayari-Abajo, Oriente, Wright, no. 3399 (G. This number cited without locality by Grisebach in type-description of R. deflexa); in tall clumps, gorge of the Rio Yamuri, Oriente, Shafer, no. 7809 (NY); dry, rocky hillsides, Sierra Nipe along trail Piedra Gorda to Woodfred, Oriente, Shafer, no. 3315 (NY); hills about Tabajo, base of El] Yunque, Oriente, Shafer, no. 8370 (NY); prope litus, prope Baracoa ad Navas, Oriente, Ekman, no. 3853 (NY). Grisebach apparently described R. deflexa in ignorance of the already existing R. cubensis A. Rich. He cited as the type, Wright no. 3399. The Wright sheet of this number at the Gray Herbarium bears two specimens, both of which are R. deflexa Griseb. (R. cubensis A. Rich.) as labeled; but no 3399 at the National Herbarium, although similarly labeled, bears by some mischance several specimens of the utterly different R. fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl, var. typica. See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot, Cl. xxxii, 294 (1905). 226 Rhodora [JUNE 48. R. stenophylloidea (Kiik.), stat. nov. In habit identical with &. cubensis, caespitose with hard bases: leaves 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, flat, long, slender, flexuous-ascending; the tips triquetrous with serrated angles: culms obtusely 3-angled, 0.3-1 m. high, lax, wiry, often extremely tenuous, with the upper of the long internodes filiform: cymes 2-3, compound to decompound, 1-3 em. wide, loosely globose, subtended by a foliaceous bract; the wiry filiform branchlets divaricate to reflexed; lateral panicles on subexserted peduncles: spikelet 4-5 mm. long, basally ovoid with a prolonged acute apex, 1-fruited, with no trace of a suc- ceeding rudimentary floret, solitary on slender divaricate to reflexed pedicels: lower fertile scale ovate-aristate; upper scale lance-acuminate and tightly convolute about the prolonged tubercle, papery: bristles 6, extremely fragile and tenuous, irregularly ascending, upwardly serrulate, variable in length, the tallest approximating the tubercle: achene rhombic-elliptic in outline, conspicuously flattened, longitudinally wrinkled as if shrunken, faintly rugulose from side to side, 1-1.2 mm. wide, 1.6-1.8 mm. long: tubercle slenderly conical or slightly com- pressed, somewhat sunken at the base, whitish, 1—-1.6 mm. long. PLATE 828, ric. 2A; Map 57.—R. cubensis A. Rich., var. steno- phylloidea Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxxii. 78 (1933) .— Mountainsides on northern coast of Hispaniola. HispANioLa: edge of the Estére, Le Borgue, Massif du Nord, Haiti, Sept. 18, 1925, Ekman, no. 4853 (G, US); in sylvestribus ad J yet Santo Domingo, alt. 150 m. , June 23, 1887, Eggers, no. 2600 (NY, US); mountainside, M. Bo onpere, Gros-Morn ne, Massif du Nord, Haiti, c. alt. 800 m. , Sept. 30, 1925, Ekman, no. 4958 (NY); in fruticetis ad Isabel de Torres, Apr. 23, 1887, Eggers, no. 1658 Kiikenthal described R. cubensis var. stenophylloidea of His- paniola thus: ‘‘Corymbi perparce spiculosi, nux oblonga (haud late ovalis sicut in forma typica) enervis (non longitudinaliter striata), setae hypogynae 3 breves nucem superantes (nec 6 cum nuce aequilongae).” He concluded with “ Vielleicht eine gute Art, aber das vorhandene Material reicht nicht aus, um diese Frage zur entscheiden.”’ According to this description Kiikenthal’s specimens differed from the material which I am designating as R. stenophylloidea with regard both to the bristles and the longitudinal wrinklings on the nut. It is possible, therefore, that Kiikenthal’s type, Ekman, no. 14873, which is not available at the present time, is @ different entity. But the fact that this specimen came, as it did, from Hispaniola, to which island my species is apparently 1944 Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 227 Rsond limited, and had a “‘nux oblonga,” described above as rhombic- elliptic but which is in any case larger than that of the typical R. cubensis, makes me suspect that the two are conspecific. Possibly three of the six extremely fragile bristles may have broken off at their bases prior to the time of Kiikenthal’s exam- ination; for when this occurs it is nearly impossible to ascertain their place of previous attachment. Kiikenthal’s statement as to the comparative length of the bristles is inaccurate, for those of R. cubensis equal or even exceed the tubercle in length and are longer than the bristles of the new species. The achenes of the specimens I have examined are, in all cases, more or less longitudinally wrinkled as if shriveled. I cannot suggest why this feature should be absent on the achenes seen by Kiikenthal unless they were in this respect atypical. Series 9. Harveyae, ser. nov. Culmis rigide erectis: cymis rigidis vel diffuse fasciculatis vel congestis ragga pe squamis pallidis vel castaneis: spiculis rity monocarpis: setis antrorse serrulatis: achaenio saepissime eta a tumido, infra compresso fusco leviter alveolato (ies lenticulari ruguso): tuberculo conico; basi haud discoideo sed saepe in achaenii apicem intruso Often growin on white pera - the Coastal Plain from North Carolina to Florida and west to Texas; inland in the southern and irwshers states; vate in Cuba. Stoloniferous or caespitose: leaves 1.5-7 mm. wide, not filiform: culms sti erect: cymes stiff, diffusely { fasciculate or congested and eles late: scales pale or castaneous: spikelets turgid, 1-fruited: bristles iiiandig serrulate: achenes usually tumid above and compressed below, dark mahogany in color, lightly pitted or cancellate in a ones te mk: pattern, rarely lenticular and ridge With oblong alveoli: tubercle always grayish or whitish, conical, not projecting at the base but slightly rina — overgrown y the summit of the achene.—Rhynchospor Glomeratae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. Paka Series Diplostyleae, Divisio 5. Eu- rr ogen satinge Sect. iii. Fuscae Key To Species IN Serres HARVEYAE Spikelets 6-7 mm. long, remote, some if not all slenderly pedicel- ate; achenes large, 2. cai mee wide, 3-4 mm. long. .49. i megalocarpa. Spikelets not exceeding 5.5 mm, n length, sessile in small c pact glomerules; a eons not exicedtl ng 2.2 mm. in width a 2.4 mm. in len gth. 228 Rhodora [JUNE Achene suborbicular to broadly ovate in outline, tumid above, ape ae sed below, the entire surface mahogany-brown at Spikelets 4-5.5 mm. long; bristles caning 1% the achene - ie the tubercle; achene 1 2 mm. wide, 2—2.4 ep re link wg EOE ne ep es 50. R. Grayit. Spikelets 2 paca ve m. long; bristles equalling or shorter than 1% the achene; aed 1.3-1.6 mm. wide, 1.5-1.8 mm. long 51. R. Harvey. Achene obovate, slenderly lenticular, not tumid, surface crossed by pale irregular transverse ridges.............. 52... R. culiza, R. MEGALOcARPA Gray. Stoloniferous, the bases swollen and covered by short rusty imbricated scales: leaves rigid, sub- coriaceous, flat, 4-7 mm. wide, becoming conspicuously chan- ices on slender tory lateral cymes on long exserted slender ascending peduncles: spikelets ovoid, plump 5 bursting, some if not all pedicellate and remote, mainly ascending, 1- flowered, 1-fruited, 6-7 mm. long: scales mucronulate, chestnut- rown: stamens 10-12: bristles 6-8, very tenuous and scarcely thickened at the base, brittle, upwardly hispidulous, falling short of to barely exceeding the achene: achene round-ovoid, turgid in the upper portion, compressed below, 2.8-3.4 mm. wide, 3-4 mm. long, emarginate, mahogany-brown.to blackish, glossy Bisentaiie where covered with a honey-combed surface-pattern of minute, extremely shallow pits: tubercle buttressed and some- what encrusted by the summit of the achene, conic-apiculate, grayish or often white, 0.7-1 mm. high. PLaTE 829, FIGs and 1B; Map 58.—Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 208, pl. 6, fig. 16 (1835); Torrey, "Ann . Lyc. N. Y. iii. 368 (1836) ; Chapman, Fl. So. U 526 (1860); ‘Bacek alas Linnaea, xxxvii. 606 (1873). AR. wie candra Baldwin ex Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 207, pl. 6, fig. 15 (1835); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 90 (1892); Small, Bl. 196 (1903) and Man. 183 (1933). R. pycnocarpa Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 208, pl. 6, fig. 17 (1835). eaten dode- candrum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 20).—Deep Ww ners sand-ridges of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina poclahage: becoming frequent on the Florida Peninsula; less soataien est to Mississippi and inland along the Mississippi River reais collecting). Nortu Carona: sand-ridge at Carolina Beach, New Hanover Co., Godfrey, no. 4675 (G, NC); Wilming- ton, New Hanover Co., Mr. Curtis (NY, type of R. pycnocarpa) ; near White Lake, Bladen Co., Oosting, no. 33080 (D); dry open sand-barrens, 14 miles southeast of Lumberton, Robeson Co.. Wiegand & Manning, no. 597 (G); sandy ee tasiok Oak Island | Oe eS eee en SN SS de “ _ im Biltmore Herb., uo 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 229 off Southport, Brunswick Co., Blomquist, no. 5613 (D). SourH CAROLINA: excavated area in coarse white sandy pine barren, 5 miles “ges of pave Williamsburg Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no: 676 (CU; DG, NY, P): rarer: very dry sand-hills along Fifteen Mile Creek, Emanue 1 Co., Harper, no. 977 (G, NY); common, sand- scrub, Floyd’s [sland, Okefinokee Swamp, Charlton Co., J. S. Harper, no. 700 (G); very dry white sand south of open pond, Decatur Co., Harper, no. 1216 (G, NY, US). FuLoripa: Fort George, Duval Co., Dr. Baldwin (NY, TYPE); Baldwin (NY, type of R. dodecandra, immature; anno- tated by Gray); dry sandy soil near Jacksonville, Duval Co. ‘ Curtiss, no. 83161 (CU, D, G, P, US); in a serub, 18 miles north of St. Augustine, St. Johns Co., O’ Neill, no. 7688 (CU); Palatka, Putnam Co., April, 1869, Canby (G, NY); ; Gainesville, Alachua Co., April 12, 1897, Crawford ( He dry er in scrub, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Na sh, no 2 (G, NX, US); Lake Butler, Orange Co., Beckwith, no. 556 (US); Ms pine barrens, Okeecho- bee Region, Brevard Co., Fredholm, no. 5734 (G, US); in a low pineland, Kissimmee, Osceola Co., O’Neill, no. 5121 (CU); scrub near Gadsen Hammock, vicinity of Winter Hav en, Polk Co., McFarlin, no. 4741 (CA); sand-barrens, Ballast Point, Tampa, Hillsborough Co., March 28, is Churchill (G); Dunedin, Pinellas Co., Tracy, no. 6995 (G, Y, US); scrub near Sebastian, Indian River Co. Small, DeWenklor & Mosier, no. 11120 (NY): ; in ascrub, 2 miles north of Ft. Pierce, St. Lucie Co., O'Neill, no. 7689 (CU); in a scrub, 8 miles east of Lake Placid, Highlands Co., O'Neill, no. 7687 (CU); sandy ridge beside stream in pineland, 6 miles east of Manatee, Manatee Co., Oosting, no. 170 (D); Indian Mound near Citrus Center, DeSoto Co., Small, no. 9914 (NY); flatwoods, Alva, Lee Co., Hitchcock, no. 417 (G, NY, DB): sterile pine woods, Lantana, Lake Worth, Palm Beach Co., Curtiss, no. 5389 (G, NY, US); in serub-land 9 miles north of Miami, Dade Cu., 0’ Weill, ‘no. 7691 (CA, CU); dry sand along the coast, ere Franklin Co., Chapman 60 (G, NY, US); Port St. Joe, Gulf Co., Eyles, no. 3723 (CU): i in a high ee Pensacola, Escambia Co., O'Neill, no. 6091 (CU, US). ALABAMA: Fort Morgan, Baldwin Co., Tracy, no. 7684 (G, NY, US). Mi£ssissrppi:. Avondale, Bolivar Co., Tracy, no. 4840 (G, NY); moist sandy soil west of bay, Biloxi, Harrison Co., Pennell, no. 4388 (NY, P); Cat Island, Hancock Co., Lloyd & Tracy, no. 361 (NY). R. dodecandra Baldwin, R. pycnocarpa and R. megalocarpa Were simultaneously described by Gray in 1835. The type- specimen of the first was admittedly immature; that of the - second only somewhat so. A year later, in his revision of the North American Rhynchospora for Dr. Torrey’s' North Ameri- ‘Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 368 (1836). 230 Rhodora [JUNE can Cyperaceae, Gray placed R. pycnocarpa in the synonymy of R. megalocarpa with the remark: ‘‘ More perfect specimens com- municated by Mr. Curtis and Dr. Chapman have enabled us satisfactorily to ascertain that R. megalocarpa and R. pycno- carpas.. are different states of the seme species.”” He also added that: “It (R. megalocarpa) approaches R. dodecandra with which it also agrees in the prevalent number of its stamens.”’ Twenty-four years later Chapman, publishing his first edition of the Flora of Southern United States, reduced R. dodecandra to the status of a synonym under R. megalocarpa; and, in so doing, established a precedent for the use of the specific name, megalocarpa. However, in 1892, Britton!, in his list of North American Scirpus and Rhynchospora, gave preference to the specific name, dodecandra, and that name has recently come into general use. I have examined the types of R. pycnocarpa and R. dodecandra, as well as that of R. megalocarpa. With the mass of material now available for comparison, they are unquestionably referable to one species. Applying the rules of priority, the name R. megalocarpa, as selected by Chapman in 1860, must be rein- stated. 50. R. Graym Kunth. Coarsely tufted: leaves arching, flat, 2-4 mm. wide, smooth, becoming carinate; the upper margins and keel minutely serrulate; the midrib prominent: culms ob- scurely triquetrous, smooth, stifly erect, 0.4-7.5 dm. tall, with elongated internodes: the terminal cyme 1-1.5 cm. wide, com- pounded of 1-3 glomerules of few spikelets on short, erect to spreading peduncles; lateral cymes 1—4, consisting of a single small glomerule on an exserted peduncle: spikelets plumply ovoid, compact, 2-3-flowered, 1-fruited, 4-5.5 mm. long: scales mucronate, sandy to castaneous, tightly imbricate and entire at maturity: stamens 3— (rarely)6: bristles 6, upwardly hispidulous, ~ brittle, varying in length from equalling 14 the achene to exceed- ing the tubercle: achene suborbicular in outline, tumid toward ‘the summit, with a more or less compressed base, the surface honeycombed with minute shallow pits, mahogany-brown, 1.8-2.2 mm. wide, 2-2.4 mm. long: tubercle conic-apiculate, 0.4-0.6 mm. high, buttressed and partially encrusted by the narrowed apex of the achene. Piare 829, Frias. 3A and 3B; Map 54.—Enum. ii. 539 (1837); Chapman, Fl. So. U. S. 526 (1860); Small, Fl. 196 (1903) and Man. 183 (1933); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 197 ( 1916). R. distans Elliott, — 1 Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi, 90 (1892), 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 231 Sk. Bot. 8. Car. and Ga. i. 59 (1816), non Vahl. R. Elliottii Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 204, pl. 6, fig. 12 (1835), non Dietrich. Schoenus distans Muhlenberg, Descrip. Gram. 11 (1817). Schoenus fuscus Muhlenberg, Descrip. Gram. 6 (1817). Phaeo- cephalum Grayt House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). Rare in Virginia (one collection); common southward on sandy pine- lands of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina to the tip of Florida and west to eastern Texas; also western Cuba. VIRGINIA: Norfolk, Norfolk Co., Read (P). Norru Caroxiina: Minnesat Beach, near Arapahoe, Pamlico Co., Oosting, no. 33208 (D); dry sandy soil near Wilmington, New Hanover Co., Biltmore Herb., no. 239g (CU); dry sandy pine woods, 2 miles southeast of Fair Bluff, Columbus Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 606 (G); pineland at Roseboro, Sampson Co., Godfrey, no. 5723 (G); sandhill, 12 miles north of Laurenburg, Scotland Co., Godfrey, no. 5044 (D, G); Southern Pines, Moore Co., May 18, 1895, Blankinship (G). SoutH CaroLina: swampy spots in sandy land along stream, sandhills north of Hartsville, Darlington Co., Mar. 20, 1921, Norton (NC); Florence, Florence Co., May 18, 1912, Bartram (P); Columbia, Richland Co., May 16, 1912, oe (P); 10 miles east of Paxville, Clarendon Co., Godfrey ? Yard, Charleston, Charleston Co., Robinson, no. 259 (G). GrorGia: about Augusta, Richmond Co., June 27-July 1, 1895, Small (NY); sandy pinelands at Magnolia Springs, Jenkins Co., Eyles, no. 6255 (CU); dry pine barrens near Graymont, Emanuel Co., Harper, no. 806 (G, NY, US); dry sand-hills along Big Lott’s Creek, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 916 (G, NY, US); sand-hill west of Altamaha River on State Route 38, west of pine barren, just north of Ashim, Turner Co., Eyles, no. 5569 (CU). Fioripa: dry pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 4801 (G, NY, US); sand-hills, Welaka, Putnam Co., Ie Rhodora [JUNE Dade Co., Moldenke, no. 607 (D, NY); near Tallahassee, Leon Co., summer, Berg (NY); dry pine barrens, Apalachicola, Frank- lin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 239a (G, in part; NY, US); DeFuniak, Walton Co., Tracy, no. 9010 (G, NY, US). ALABAMA: Tensaw, Baldwin Co., Tracy no. 8028 (G, NY, US); common in woods, Spring Hill, Mobile Co., Bush, no. 335 (NY, US). Musstssrppi: Biloxi. Harrison Co., Baker, no. 1129 (NY). Louisiana: Hale (G). Texas: Liberty, Liberty Co., Mar. 25, 1892, Plank (NY). Cusa: Laguna Los Indios and vicinity, Pinar del Rio, Shafer, no. 10820 (NY). Gray in his monograph pointed out that Elliott’s R. distans, as described in the Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, is not Schoenus distans Michx. on which it was nomen- claturally based. Accordingly Gray designated the former species R. Elliotizi in commemoration of its discoverer. He then placed in its synonymy two of Muhlenberg’s species, Schoenus distans and S. fuscus, with the explanation that, as the Muhlenberg Herbarium contains no specimen labeled S. distans, Muhlenberg probably derived his material from Elliott. 3S. fuscus Muhl., on the other hand, is represented in the herbarium by a specimen labeled “S. fuscus Elliott.” This, Gray states, is definitely P. Elliottii Gray. That Muhlenberg himself apparently suspected S. distans and S. fuscus to be conspecific (and incidentally that he also perpetuated Elliott’s mistaken reference to Michaux’s species) is evident from his suggestion, appended to the descrip- tion of S. fuscus: ‘An S. distans Michaux?” The legitimate name, R. Grayii, came from Kunth who, in 1837, on the basis of the priority of Dietrich’s R. Elliotti 1833, renamed the species in honor of Asa Gray. 51. R. Harveyrt Wm. Boott. Caespitose: leaves flat, obscurely carinate, with upper margins finely serrulate, ascending to curly, 1.5-3 mm. wide: culms obtusely triquetrous, stiffly erect, smooth, 0.3-1.1 m. high: terminal cyme 0.8-2.2 em. wide, usually com- pounded of 1-4 small glomerules on stiff ascending to spreading peduncles; lateral glomerules 1-2, usually solitary on wiry erect peduncles: spikelets ovoid, turgid, castaneous, 2-flowered, 1- fruited, 2.5-3 mm. long: scales with midribs continuing into conspicuously recurved mucros: stamens 3: bristles 6, delicate, equalling to falling short of 14 the achene, upwardly hispidulous: achene broadly ovate to suborbicular in outline, tumid above, somewhat compressed below, 1.3-1.6 mm. wide, 1.5-1.8 mm. long, rich mahogany-brown when mature; the surface honey- 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 233 combed by small shallow isodiametric pits which may be ob- scured, appearing as faint rugulosities: tubercle squat, conic- apiculate, 0.4-0.5 mm. long, grayish, buttressed by the nar- rowed apex of the achene. PLatTEe 829, Fias. 2A and 2B; Map 59.—Bot. Gaz. ix. 85 (1884); Small, Man. 183 (1933). R. Earlei Britton ex Small, Fl. 197, 1328 (1903) and Man. 184 (1933); Fernald, Ruopora, xxxix, 338 (1937) and xl. 398 (1938). R. Plankii Britton ex Small, Fl. 196, 1328 (1903); Small, Man. 183 (1933), in syn. of R. Harveyi Wm. Boott. Phaeocephalum Plankit House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). Phaeocephalum Karlet House, 1. e.—Low or frequently dry open areas in pine- lands of the Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to Florida and west to Texas; scattered inland stations in the coastal states, in western Tennessee, and on the lower drainage of both the Missouri and Arkansas Rivers, and on the Sabine River. Vir- GINIA: argillaceous and siliceous boggy depressions about 3 miles southeast of Petersburg, at head of Poo Run, Prince George Co., Fernald, Long & Smart, no. 5647 (G, NY, P); pinelands at western side of Wilcox Lake, Petersburg, Dinwiddie Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8596 (G, in part, P); very local, open pineland near Mason’s Siding, about 1 mile north of Henry, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long, no. 13274 (G); depression in dry open sandy pine and oak thickets near County Line, north of Emporia, Greensville Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8114 (G, ORTH CAROLINA: moist humus soil, open woodland 4 miles southeast of Wilson, Wilson Co., Randolph & Randolph, no. 723 (G); savanna, 1 mile east of Middlesex, Nash Co., Blomquist, no. 6358 (D); sandy soil, Cumberland Co., Biltmore Herb., no. 239f (CU); damp sand near brook, Pinehurst, Moore Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 595 (G); Winston-Salem, Forsyth Co., Denke in Botanical Science Series, no. 5003 (D). SourH Carouina: cart-road through pineland-clearing, 5 miles south of Andrews, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1371la (G, NY); pine barren, 2 miles west of Pineville, Berkeley Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 619 (G, NY, P). Grorata: Marshallville, Macon Co., Earle, no. 2977 (NY, type of R. Earle?) and same locality, no. 2976 (NY, annotated as isotype of R. Earlei); rather dry pine barrens near Cobb, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 2217 (G, NY, US). Forma: 1839, Torrey (G). ALABAMA: low pineland, Elberta, Baldwin Co., Aug. 13, 1926, Wolf (StB); Mobile, Mobile Co., May, 1845, Sullivant (G). TENNESSEE: dry hill, Henderson, Chester Co., Bain, no. 244 (G). Missourt: ferruginous sandstone glade south of Birdsong, St. Clair Co., Steyermark; no, 13416 (Mo). ARKANSAS: Benton Co., 1899, Plank, no. 29 (NY, type of R. Plankii); Grand_Prairie, eastern Arkansas, Harvey, no. 2 (G, TYPE). OKLAHOMA: Sapulpa, Bush, no. 656 (G, Mo, NY). Lovrstana: vicinity of Covington, St. Tammany Parish, Arséne, no. 11879 (US); along drain in 234 Rhodora [JUNE Seymour Prairie, north of Bastrop, Morehouse Parish, Brown no. 6510 (La); Tong-leaf pine-hills, north of Po lock, Grant Parish, Brown, no. 6458 (La). Trxas: sandy woods, Mineola, Wood Co., Reverchon, no. 2278 (Mo, NY); damp sands, Will’s Point, Van Zandt Co., Reverchon, no. 2277 (Mo); Angelina Co., Tharp, no. 3056 (US); 144% miles northwest of White Ranch, hambers Co., Cory, no. 22402 (CU, G); 2 miles northwest of Benchley, Robertson Co., Cory, no. 21682 (CU); moist sandy soil, Kurten, Brazos Co., Walece. no. 13486 (Mo); low prairie, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 714 (Mo, NY, US); Alvin, Brazoria Co., Apr. 20, 1894, Plank (NY); in wet ditch in red sand on clay subsoil; in railroad right-of-way cut through oak woods just east of Elgin, Bastrop Co., Innes, no. 874 (G); % mile south of Kicaster School, Wilson Co., Parks, no. 18795 (G); Indianola, Calhoun Co., Ravenel, no. 139 (NY). William Boott published R. Harveyi in the Botanical Gazette of June, 1884, and cited ‘‘Grand Prairie, E. Arkansas, F. L. Harvey, 1883.” At the Gray Herbarium are three Harvey collections of this species from this locality. One of these is dated July, 1884, so could not have been the original material seen by Boott. The two remaining specimens are not dated; one is unnamed. The other, however, is labeled R. Harveyi in Watson’s hand. This I take to be the -type, presuming the material collected by Harvey to have been sent to Watson and finally turned over to Boott for study. The achene of R. Earlei Britton ex Small has a low conic tubercle which is uplifted by the narrowed summit of the mahog- any-brown achene. These characters, seen in conjunction with the general size of the achene, indicate at once the close relation- ship of this plant to R. Harvey’. Unfortunately R. Earlei was published in Small’s Manual, and thus appeared without a word of discussion. Nor does its position between R. Torreyana and R. Edisoniana (R. microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray) in the text of that work give an indication that its relationship with R. Harveyt was appreciated. In the key, R. Earlei is separated from the former by the following character: “achenes transversely wrinkled” as against ‘“achenes cancellate.”’ However, in R. Harveyi the shape of the alveoli, on which the degree of wrink- ling depends, is subject to considerable variation. Typically, the alveoli are shallow and isodiametrie without any accentua- tion of the transverse walls, but occasionally they are crowded 1944] xale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 235 into irregular transverse rows and take on narrowly oblong out- lines, the shorter horizontal walls of which are then accentuated and appear as fine ridges. More rarely the alveoli are nearly obliterated and the surface becomes as smooth and glossy as that of the achene of R. megalocarpa Gray. LEarle’s specimen from Marshallville, Georgia, was one with a finely ridged achene, and I presume that Britton, in recognizing it as a new species, was unacquainted with the amount of variation in the achenes of R. Harvey. However, the decompound, somewhat lax cyme of R. Earlei does vary from the smaller, stiffly upright, capitate cyme of typical R. Harveyi. This larger, looser inflorescence appears to be the only possible basis for segregation. Further collections from Georgia and Florida will be necessary in order to determine whether or not plants which were the basis of R. Earle: should receive recognition as a variety of R. Harveyt. 52. R. culixa, sp. nov. ?Caespitosa: foliis basilaribus 2 mm. latis planis interdum brevibus et crispis; apicem versus leviter carinatis et subtiliter serrulatis; foliis caulinis brevibus: culmis triquetris gracilibus attenuatis crectis, cirea 3-foliatis; internodis ongis: glomerulo terminali circa 1 em. lato; glomerulo laterali minore pedunculato; pedunculo erecto: bracteis setaceis brevibus: spiculis late ovoideis tumidis 2-floris l-carpis 3 mm. longis dense aggregatis: squamis late ovatis, pallide castaneis dense imbricatis; apicibus fissilibus, mucronulatis: setis 6 antrorse serrulatis, achaenio duplo brevioribus aut minus; achaenio lenticulari-obovoideo biconvexo 1.2 mm. lato, 1.4 mm. longo, alveolato fusco; inter alveolas rugis transversis prominentibus pallidis: tuberculo breviter eonico, interdum apiculato, 0.3 mm. alto. PLaTE 828, rics. 3A and 3B; Map 55.—Rare in southern Georgia and northern Florida. GEorGIA: Irby, Tift Co., Aug. 28, 1890, Tracy, no. 1498 (US, TYPE). FLorrpa: Chapman in part). The two specimens which I have designated as R. culixa differ from those of R. Harveyi Wm. Boott and R. globularis (Chapm.) Small, var. recognita Gale in the attenuate appearance of their slender culms, in the abbreviated cauline leaves and the compact, unbranched, small, terminal glomerules. Specimens of R. Harveyi and R. globularis, var. recognita are, when well developed, robust, with stiffly erect culms, linear-attenuate cauline leaves and usually compound, stiffly branched ultimately glomerulate cymes. 236 Rhodora [JUNE The achene of R. culixa combines characters of both R. Har- veyi and R. globularis, var. recognita. It has the unmistakable grayish, squat, conical tubercle of R. Harvey: but the achene, like that of R. globularis, var. recognita, is obovate, lenticular, biconvex, not swollen above, and the transverse walls of the prominent alveoli are accentuated as ridges. However, unlike the ridges on the achene of var. recognita, those of R. culixa are pale, broader, and developed at the expense of the alveoli which, in the central area, have been rounded and thrown out of the orderly parallel alignment so conspicuous in the achene of var. recognita. Series 10. Globulares, ser. nov. Culmis rigide erectis vel rare tenuibus et laxe ascendentibus: cymis saepissime rigidis, glomerulosis vel fasciculatis; cymis lateralibus pluribus: spiculis turgidis, 1~3-carpis: squamis dense imbricatis: setis antrorse serrulatis saepe achaenio duplo brevioribus: achaenio late ovato vel suborbiculato ruguloso vel valde rugoso, cancellato vel striato, emarginat Oo. Growing in low peaty areas, often in pineland, of the Coastal Plain; inland in the midwestern states; also in the West Indies and Central America. Habit often coarse: leaves never filiform, 1.5-5 mm. broad, often forming a coarse basal tuft: culms usually stiffly erect, rarely slender and loosely ascending: cymes glomer- ulate or fasciculate, usually stiff: lateral cymes several: spikelets turgid, 1—-3-fru ited: scales tightly imbricate: bristles upwardly serrulate, often poorly developed: achenes broadly ovate to suborbicular, rugulose to ridged (with the exception of R. globu- laris var. pinetorum), cancellate to striate, emarginate, com- pressed or swollen in the upper portion: tubercle wee basally conical.—Rhynchospora V. Glomeratae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. Rhynchospora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Sect. S Glaucae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 106 (1900), in part. Key To Species 1n Series GLOBULARES a. ar wap nw flat or acon sunken; habit coarse; the basal leaves b. Tubercle with a subulate apex rising abruptly a a pro- nounced basal flange; achene dark reddish-brown. .53. R. compressa. d. bd conten deltoid-apiculate, the base somewhat esha pores: s achene castaneous 54. a. eae icon somewhat plano-convex, castaneous; habit slender or divides the bas. idea 2h 4 mm. wide or less... .¢. c. Bristles exceeding the achene i 8 height. ... d. Achene 1.2-1.3 mm. wide EGE oa tone the trans- verse ridges numerous: tubercle depressed, discoid- 55. R. punctata. OU. oi es a Uh tee eos R. saxicola. d. Achene 0.8 mm. wide, 0.9 mm. long, the transverse ridges less than 6; tubercle Saab comicesmuent See es 56. R. sulcata. a a a a al aA a 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 237 c. Bristles not exceeding 24 the achene.... é. ae imited to western Cuba; pertieh 0.8 mm. wide, MAT. FONG aces = rw Nee eee oa ge 7. R. Brittonii. F3 a vansverse Bak widening, becoming lighter and ob- scuring the alveoli over the central portion of the eae scikeleth ascending, not more than 6 in mall ultimate fascicles... .2..0) 2. eos eae n se 58. R. obliterata. 2 Ticncas ridges pate adokiia r becoming light- colored, the alveoli not less aeenet over the orca area of the achene; spikelets ascending to diver and numerous in afennhte fascicles or glomerules 59. ar 4 globularis. 53. R. compressa Carey ex Chapman. Caespitose: basal leaves flat, smooth or with margins Snel serrulate, 4-5 mm wide, forming a coarse rigid tuft: culms obtusely trigonous, stiffly erect, leafy, 6.6-9.6 dm. high: cymes 2-4, 1.8-3 cm. wide, densely bracteate, consisting of several glomerules on slender erect to spreading branchlets; lateral cymes remote, exserted on slender erect peduncles: spikelets ovoid, with a slightly irregular contour, 2—3-flowered, 1—2-fruited, castaneous, 3.5-4 mm. long: scales papery; the lowest mucronulate, the others acute: bristles 6, upwardly serrulate, stiff, rarely equalling, never exceeding, the achene: achene obovate to nearly orbicular, 1.4-1.6 mm. wide, 1.4-1.7 mm. long, characteristically flattened, often centrally depressed; the dark reddish-brown surface cancellate and trans- versely ridged: tubercle compressed-subulate, 0 0.6-0.8 mm. high, abruptly rising from a conspicuous ee collar. PLaTE 830, Fics. LA and 1B; Mar 64.—FI. So. U. S. 525 (1860); Small, Fl. 197 (1903) and Man. 184 (1933); Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 199, fig. 316 (1908). R. cymosa var. compressa toes tear Clarke ex Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 91 (1892). Phaeocephalum compressum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Low pinelands and swamps, southern Georgia, Florida and west to eastern Louisiana. Gworata: flat pine barrens east of Ocilla, Irwin Co., Harper, no. 1414 (G, NY, Us). FiLoripa: Carey (G); low pine ‘barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co. 1 So (Pp). Knalachieahe Franklin Co., Chapma ). ae ama: Wilcox Co., May, ie Buckley oe brackish . Lovur Arséne, no. 11750 NY US). Old records from Missouri were based on misidentifications. 238 Rhodora [JUNE 54. R. puncrata, Ell. Caespitose, with a large clump of coarse basal leaves: leaves 5 mm. wide, carinate, becoming triquetrous at the tip, with setaceous margins: cauline leaves short, erect: culms stiffly erect, triquetrous, smooth, approxi- mately 7.6 dm. high: cymes 4, decompound, the stiff wiry ascending branchlets of varying lengths and terminating in small glomerules; terminal cymes 4 cm. wide; lateral cymes smaller, on long slender ascending peduncles: spikelets ovoid, 5 mm. long, approximately 4-flowered, 1—2-fruited: scales pale chestnut, frayed; the midribs of the lower scales free at their tips and slightly projecting: bristles 6, equalling 14 the tubercle in length, upwardly hispidulous, ascending: achene obovate to suborbicular in outline, extremely compressed, cancellate, with fine transverse rugulosities, pale chestnut, 1.8 mm. wide, 2.2 mm. long: tubercle deltoid-apiculate, compressed, pale, 0.9 mm. high. Puate 830, Frias. 2A and 2B; Map 65.—Sk. Bot. 8. Car. and Ga. i. 60 (1816); Gray, Ann. Lyc. N.Y. iii. 203, pl. 6, fig. 11 (1835); Chapman, Fl. So. U. S. 526 (1860); Small, Fl. 198 (1903) about 1 mile southeast of Douglas, Coffee Co., Harper, no. 2200 (G, NY, US). Fuorma: St. Mary’s, Baldwin (NY); “St. Mary’s & Savan,”’ Baldwin (P). 55. R. saxicota Small. Caespitose: basal leaves forming a coarse curly tuft; cauline leaves 1.5-3 mm. wide, harsh, mostly erect, flat, becoming trigonous near the summit; margins finely serrulate: culms triquetrous, slender, erect, short, 2.6-3 dm. high: inflorescence of 2-4 cymes; the terminal one 1.3-2 cm wide, with a few slender erect branchlets bearing small clusters of sessile spikelets: bracts short, inconspicuous: scales tightly imbricate, castaneous; lowermost mucronate and usually split: spikelets ovoid, turgid, 3-flowered, 1-2-fruited, sessile, 3.5-4 mm. long: bristles 6, fragile, well exceeding the tubercle, upwardly serrulate: achene obovoid, compressed except for the slightly swollen region of the umbo, finely cancellate, ridged, castaneous, 1.2-1.3 mm. wide, 1.3-1.5 mm. long: tubercle depressed, conic- apiculate, with a discoid base, 0.2-0.3 mm. high. Pxiate 830, rics. 3A and 3B; Map 66.—Man. 185, 1503 (1933).—Granite outcrops in the Piedmont of Georgia. Groreia: boggy slope on south side of Little Stone Mt., DeKalb Co., Harper, no. 2308 (NY, type; US, 1soryre), and no. 2309 (NY); dry thickets on flat granite rocks, 1 mile east of Logansville, Walton Co., Pyron & McVaugh, no. 549 (US); shallow soil about granite outcrops, 9 miles southeast of Greensboro, Greene Co., McVaugh, no. 53828 (USNA); shallow soil about granite outcrops, 4 miles southeast of Sparta, Hancock Co., McVaugh, no. 5345a (USNA). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Kurhynchospora 239 a8 ca Mee ts ee oe a < Range of 60, Ruyncnospora cALIFoRrNIcA; 61, R. Mariscuius; 62, R. CACUMINICOLA; 63, R. RuGosA; 64, R. compressa; 65, R, puncrata; 66, R. saxicona; 67, R. Brrrront ; 68, R. opniTeRATA; 69, R. suLCATA; 10, te. GLOBULARIS, var, TYPICA; 71, R. GLOBULARIS, var. PINETORUM; 72, R. GLOBU- LARIS, var. RECOGNITA; 73, R. oporaTA; 74, R. mi~tacea; 75, R. INEXPANSA; 76, R. capuca 240 Rhodora [JUNE The habit of R. saxicola has little to distinguish it from that of R. globularis (Chapm.) Small, var. typica. However, its spikelets are usually a millimeter longer and tend to be erect in clusters, rather than erect to divergent in glomerules or fascicles. The most obvious character by which to separate the achene of R. saxicola from that of R. globularis, var. typica is, as empha- sized in the key, the comparative length of the bristles. Those of R. saxicola are 6 in number, and, although extremely frail and apt to be broken off, do, when entire, exceed the achene and often the tubercle. Those of the former, however, rarely equal 1% the achene in height. The alveoli of R. saxicola also differ from the usually dull alveoli of R. globularis, for the former are so narrowly oblong as to appear merely as fine glistening striae running between the transverse wrinkles. The ‘‘depressed conic or disc-like tubercle’’, as described by Small, is not too dependable a character; for, although the average tubercle of R. globularis is short and conical, it may less frequently be depressed and even basally discoid. R. saxicola is peculiar in being strictly limited, so far as is known, to margins of shallow ephemeral pools on the granite outcrops in the Piedmont of Georgia. 56. Re sulcata, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis 1-2.5 mm. latis laxis planis; apicibus trigonis: culmis 3.6-6.5 dm. altis turgidis 1-6-carpis 3 mm. longis: squamis fere orbicularibus castaneis deciduis: setis 6 fragilibus, achaenio aequalibus, antrorse et minute serrulatis: achaenio parvo (0.8 mm. lato 0.9 mm. longo) subgloboso nitido castaneo profunde transverse sulcato; sulcis valde longitudinaliterque striolatis: tuberculo compresso-deltoideo albescente 0.2 mm. alto. PLaTE 831, FIGS. 3A and 3B; Map 69.—Infrequent along streams, on pond- shores, and in low places of the Coastal Plain from Southern South Carolina to northern Florida. Sourn CaroLina: damp soils, Santee Canal, Berkeley Co., Sept., Ravenel (G); sedge- 1939, Eyles, no. 6465 (CU). Gxorata: pond near Luciene Bay, Effingham Co., July 25, 1939, Eyles, no. 6378 (G, TYPE; CU, ISOTYPE); sandy shore of Open Pond, Decatur Co., Aug. 12, 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 241 1901, Harper, no. 1204 (G, NY, US). Fiorrpa: Quincy, Gadsden 0., Chapman (NY, in part): Tologee Creek, in John Carey’s handwriting (G). R. sulcata is closely related to both R. Brittonit Gale of Cuba and R. microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray of the southern United States and the Greater Antilles. The danger of confusion with R. Brittonvi is small due to the geographical separation of the two species, but the similarity in habit is so striking as to deserve a short discussion. Both species have in common slender flexuous, _culms which customarily bear small cymes at every node includ- ing the first. The lax branchlets in R. sulcata are, however, spreading to divergent so that, as a result, its panicles do not have the somewhat congested appearance of the inflorescence, with spikelets borne on the mainly ascending branchlets, of R. Brittonii. The achenes of R. Brittonzi are slightly larger than those of R. sulcata. Both are ridged, but those of the latter more abruptly so and with the concomitant grooves deeper. Lastly, the 5-6 bristles surrounding the achene of R. Brittonii are short, not exceeding 14 its height; whereas the achene of R. sulcata is surrounded by 6 bristles which equal it in height. R. microcarpa, on the other hand, is found within the range of R. sulcata, and in its smaller attenuated specimens simulates the typical habit of the latter. In R. sulcata, however, as mentioned above, the second, if not the first, node of the culm bears the first lateral panicle, so that the inflorescence occupies 24-34 the length of the culm. In R. microcarpa the first, second, usually the third, and often the fourth nodes are barren, and the inflores- cence occupies only the upper 14, rarely 4% the culm. A com- parison of the sculpturing on the surface of the achenes of the two species is even more conclusive, for that of the new species is emphatically ridged, whereas that of R. microcarpa is typically pitted, with the transverse walls only rarely accentuated so as to produce a rugulose effect. 57. R. Brittonii, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis 1 mm. latis aut minus, planis, apicem versus trigonis et minute serru- latis: culmis vel obtuse trigonis gracilibus vel filiformibus tereti- busque, flexilibus, 2.8-5 dm. altis: paniculo terminali decomposi- to, leviter congesto, 0.8-1 em. lato; ramulis ascendentibus vel divergentibus: paniculis lateralibus exsertis pedunculatis: “igunon rotunde ovoideis, turgidis, 3—5-floris, 2—4-carpis, 2-2.56 mm aes MD i a Ni aaa 242 Rhodora [JUNE longis: squamis fere orbiculatis dense imbricatis fuscis: setis 5-6 achaenio duplo brevioribus, antrorse et minutissime serru- latis: achaenio subhemisphaerico, parvo (1 mm. lato, 1 mm. longo) inter rugas paucas profundas transversas hares tem oni striolato: tuberculo compresso-deltoideo, 0.2 mm. alto. PLATE 831, rias. 2A and 2B; Map 67.—Borders of lata Isle of Pines and western Cuba. CusBa: savanna, San Pedro and vicinity, Isle of Pines, Feb. 12—Mar. 22, 1916, Britton & Wilson, no. 14301 (NY, US); shore of Laguna de Junco, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Oct. 31, 1923, Ekman, no. 17862 (US); lagoon in savanna, vicinity of Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Mar. 8-15, 1911, icin no. 10023 (NY, Typx; US, 1soryPs); dryish sand, aguna ero and vicinity, Pinar del Rio, Dec. 12 --3O1t, Shater, ioe 1090 (NY); border of lagoon, vicinity of Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Sept. 5-12, 1910, Britton, Britton & Gager, no. 6946 (NY); Laguna de la Maguina, south of Pinar del (a City, Pinar del Rio, Nov. 28, 1940, Leén & Alain, no. 19410 This species has been named in honor of Dr. NATHANIEL Lorp Brirron. It is most closely related to R. sulcata Gale, and the discussion of the two species follows the description of the latter. 58. R. obliterata, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis 1.5-2 mm. latis planis setaceis ascendentibus; marginibus sparse serratis: culmis trigonis gracilibus, 5.9—9. 2 dm. altis, apicem versus flexuosis: fasciculis 2-3 decompositis corymbiformibus 2-3 mm. latis; lateralibus compositis minoribus erectis peduncu- latis exsertis: spiculis ovoideis, 1—3-floris, 1-2-carpis, 3.5-4 mm. ongis: squamis aristulatis, laxe imbricatis: setis 6, achaenio duplo brevioribus vel saepe rudimentariis, antrorse ’ serrulatis: rapist late feast lasicobovaiden biconvexo 1.2-1.3 mm. lato 1.2-1.3 mm. longo nitido castaneo; alveolis in medio a rugis validis pallidis regained obscuratis: tuberculo hones apicu- lato 0.3 mm. alto. Pare 830, rigs. 4A and 4B; Map 68.— Borders of ponds in pe ae and southeastern tae ARKAN- sas: borders of ponds, BE. Ark.! J 1884, Harvey, no. 12 (G). Texas: Cypress City, Harris Co., in 1877, Boll, no. 793 (Mo); pende: Rates, Waller Co., April 16, 1872, Hall, no. 709 (G, eae oe S, ISOTY YPES); prairie near Indianola, Calhoaa zoe 1869, Ravenel, no. 144 (NY, in part R. globularis ‘Ghaaesn ‘Saal var. recognita Gale). The specimens of R. obliterata cited above were segregated from collections of R. globularis (Chapm.) Small, var. recognita Gale (R. cymosa). They differ in general from the latter species ‘ Located on the map as in the vicinity of Grand Prairie. 1944] Gale,— Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 243 both in their cauline leaves, which are narrower and setaceous, and in their lack of a coarse, curling tuft of basal leaves. The inflorescence of R. obliterata is loosely fasciculate. The numerous small clusters of spikelets, each borne on a flexuously ascending branchlet, are inconspicuously bracteate. The inflorescence of R. globularis var. recognita, on the other hand, has comparatively short, stiffly erect to divergent branchlets bearing tight ultimate corymbs or glomerules which are penetrated by short. stiff bracts. The lenticular achene of R. obliterata has a precise, broad-obovate outline. The transverse walls of the alveoli are aligned and pushed up into small ridges which, over the central portion of the achene, become conspicuously wider and paler, obscuring the alveoli. The achene of R. globularis var. recognita is by contrast irregularly obovate to suborbicular in outline, _ and tends to be more tumid above. Its small ridges are evenly continued across the face of the achene, and the alveoli of the central portion remain undiminished in size. The name of the new species derives from the characteristic blotting out of the central alveoli. compressed below, cancellate, transversely ridged to rugulose, castaneous, 1-1. . wide, 1.2-1.6 mm. long: tubercle conical, with or without a compressed apex, 0.3-0.6 mm. high. Key to Varreries oF R, GLOBULARIS Achenes transversely ridged or rugulose, their cancelli oblong. Habit frequently depressed; branchlets of the cymes termina- ting in pias 4 i I : spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long; achenes 1-1.2 mm. wide, 1.2-1. var. typica. m. long, coarsely cancellate to striate, transversely ridged. .59b. _ var. recognita, a0 es 6 Be eo a ace 0 eee be be bn ae we ee eee Le ae 244 Rhodora (JUNE 59a. Var. typica. Leaves 1.5-2 mm. wide: culms often short, but ranging from 1.4-6.8 dm. in height, slender, obtusely tri- gonous to subterete, often attenuate, wiry and flexuous: branch- lets of the cymes terminating in small knobby capituli of 3-8 spikelets: bracts inconspicuous: spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-2- fruited: bristles 5 (rarely 6), usually less than 14 the achene in height: achene finely cancellate, transversely ridged to rugulose, 1-1.2 mm. wide, 1.2-1.3 mm. long: tubercle short, conical. Puate 831, rics. 1A and 1B; Map 70.—R. globularis Small, Man. 184 (1933). R. cymosa var. globularis Chapman, FI. So. U. 8. 525 (1860); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 91 (1892); Small, Fl. 197 (1903); Fernald, Ruopora, xxxvii. 380, 405 (1935) and xxxix. 391, 480 (1937).—Sandy or peaty depressions from Delaware south along the Coastal Plain to the tip of Florida and west to eastern Texas; inland to the upper Sabine and the Red Rivers; also in swamps of the coastal ranges of northern Califor- nia. DELAWARE: swamps, Newport, New Castle Co., July 12, 1863, Commons (NY). Viratnra: ledges along Potomac River, Great Falls, Fairfax Co., Blake, no. 5277 (US); low woodroad north of Savedge, Surry Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8121 (G, P); sandy and peaty depression (exsiccated shallow pond) about 4 miles northwest of Homeville, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long, no. 6071 (G, P); wet argillaceous depressions south of Petersburg, Dinwiddie Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8120 (G, P); peaty and argillaceous clearing about 4 miles southeast of Emporia, Greens- ville Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8122 (G, P); near Northwest, Norfolk Co., Kearney, no. 1536 (US); sandy barrens, Rifle Range, south of Rudy Inlet, Princess Anne Co., Smith & H odgdon in Pl. Exsic. Gray., no. 625 (CU, G, NY, P, US). Nort Caro- LINA: argillaceous-siliceous clearing, 2 miles east of Conway, Northampton Co., June 14, 1939, Godfrey, (CU, D, G, P); open pine woods, acid soil, south of Bennett Memorial, Durham Co., Blomquist, no. 9799 (CU, D); damp thickety school yard, 7 miles east of Lumberton, Robeson Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 614 (G). Sourn Caroxina: sand pit, Combahee River, south of Hendersonville, Colleton Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 617 (G). Gxorera: Smithville, Lee Co., Earle, no. 2979 (NY); low grounds between Millen and Ogeechee River, Burke Co., Harper, no. 792 (G, US); rather dry sandy roadside in pine barrens, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 880 (G, NY, US); margins, Bouhin’s Pond, Chatham Co., Eyles, no. 6093 (CU); ditch along U.S. Route 17 south of Ways, Bryan Co., Eyles, no. 6286 (CU); dry open sink between Newton and Elmodel, Baker Co., Eyles, no. 7067 (Hermann Herb.). Fiorrpa: near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 4105 (US); Manavista, Manatee Co., Tracy, n0- 6991 (US); in moist sandy ditch along roadside, Rialto, Lee Co., Moldenke, no. 1011 (US); in hammocks and pine lands, Black ia ; | 0 SLES ee er 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 245 Point, below Cutler, Dade Co., Small & Carter, no. 880 (NY); Chipola River swamp, Jackson Co., Curtiss, no. 3 (G); swampy thicket, Washington Co., Curtiss, no. 3149 (CU, P, US). Mis- SISSIPPI: Picayune, Pearl River o., May 24, 1940, Sargent satpent Herb.). LovistaNna: in grassy soil, ‘Covington, St. mmany Parish, July 17, 1884, Langlois (CU); low prairies, jeaniaee Jefferson Davis Parish, ’ Palmer, no. 7624 (CA); infre- quent, low prairies, vicinity of Lake Charles, Caleasieu Parish, Mackenzie, no. 400 pe a EXAS: common in swamp, Big Sandy, Upshur Co., Reverchon, no. 2460 (Mo, NY); damp places, Dallas, Dallas Go, Reverchon, no. 3603 (G, US); wet sandy ground, Jacksonville, Cherokee Co., Palmer, no. 7905 (CA, Mo, P); springy places north of Palestine, Anderson Co., June 8, 1899, Eggert (Mo); low prairie, Hempstead, Waller Co., ’ Hall, no. 71 12 (NY, US). Cauirornia: Pitkin Marsh, 5 miles north of Sebas- topol, Sonoma Co., Howell, no. 126 (G). 59b. Var. recognita, nom. nov. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide: culms 1.5 (rarely)—9.2 dm. in height, robust, trigonous and erect to attenuate, obscurely trigonous and flexuous: terminal capituli usually heavily crowded with spikelets: the pale bracts usually conspicuous: spikelets consistently larger than those of var. typica, 3-4 mm. long, 1-3-fruited: bristles 5-6, 44-14 height the achene in length: achene sootian ds cancellate to striate, trans- versely ridged, 1.2-1.5 mm. wide, 1.3-1.6 mm. long: tubercle 0.6 mm. high, conic to triangular with the apex compressed. PLATE 831, rics. 4A and 4B; Map 72.—R. cymosa sensu Torrey, Fl. N. and Mid. St. no. 1: 56 (1823) and later authors to the present; Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 196, pl. 6, fig. 1 (1835); Tor- rey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 364 (1836); ‘Gray, Man. 532 (184 8) . Chapman, FI. So. U. 8. 524 (1860); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Aca ‘ Sci. xi. 91 (1892), excl. syn. R. Harveyi Wm. Boott (R. Aes. q in error); Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. * 280, fig. 658 (1896); Clarke 7 in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 129 (1900), excl. es Britton, n. 4 186 (1901): Small, Fl. 197 (1903) and Man. 184 (1933); Robinson & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 199, fig. 315 (1908); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. i98 (1916); Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 104 (1923); non Elliott. R. gracilis sensu Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cub, 243 (1866), in part; C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 179 (1873), i in part; non (Swartz) Vahl. R. Torrey- ana sensu Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866); C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 84 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 179 (1873); non Gray. Schoenus cymosus Muhlenberg, Cat. (1818), nomen nudum, and Descrip. Gram. 8 (1817); non Willde- now. Phaeoc ephalum cymosum ae se, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920). Dichromena cymosa Mcbride: Field Mus. Pub. Bot. xi. 5 (1931).—Low open places on the Coastal Plain from New 246 Rhodora [JUNE Jersey to northern South Carolina and inland to the mountains of the Carolinas, Georgia and Alabama; westward through Tennessee, with a few stations on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario; also in coastal ranges in northern California; distributed along the Mississippi southward on the lower drainage of its western tributaries, the Missouri, Arkansas, and Red Rivers; scattered in eastern Texas, Louisiana and the coastal counties ‘of Mississippi and Alabama; also on the penin- sula of Florida, the Greater Antilles, the island of Dominica and in Central America. The citation of representative specimens is omitted because this common and widely spread variety has been so well known under the misapplied name of “ R. cymosa Ell.” However, since the nomenclatural history of the plant has been So confused it seems best to designate a type, and that is cited below. Vrrcrnia: dry pinelands about 4 miles northwest of Waverly, Sussex Co., July 26, 1936, Fernald & Long, no. 6070 (G, TYPE; P, 1soTy PE). In 1798 Willdenow published in his revision of the Cyperaceae for the Species Plantarum a new species, Schoenus cymosus. The abbreviation v. s. (vidi siceas)' appended to his description indicates that at that time a dried specimen of the same existed in his herbarium. Forty-one years later Kunth relegated S. cymosus Willd. to the synonymy of Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl. In so doing he added to his citation of Willdenow’s Species Plantarum, i. page 265 the herbarium number 1247 of the Willdenow type. Recently Kikenthal,? in his treatment of Schoenus as part of his projected monograph of the Rhynchosporoideae, lists Schoenus cymosus Willd. as equivalent to Rhynchospora cymosa Ell. The original description of Willdenow does not mention either style or achene. Due to the present international situation, it is impossible to confirm or refute by an examination of these details in the type-specimen itself either the diagnosis of Kunth or the more commonly held opinion of Kiikenthal. However, not only was Kunth personally in a position to study the Willdenow type, but his citation of the not otherwise published herbarium number 1247 seems to indicate that he availed himself of this opportunity. Also, as will be indicated in the following paragraph, Kunth was well aware of the confusion surrounding Elliott’s application of the specific name a to Rhynchospora. Kiikenthal, on the 1 Willdenow, Sp. Pl. (1797). * Fedde, Rep. Spec. a xliv. 187 (1938). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 247 contrary, gives no indication that he has as yet either personally examined the Willdenow type or studied in detail Elliott’s description of R. cymosa. I am, therefore, assuming S. cymosus Willd. to be correctly placed by Kunth in the synonymy of Scirpus polyphyllus. In 1813 the name Schoenus cymosus appears again, this time in the list which constitutes Muhlenberg’s Catalogue. Muhlen- berg’s description of his new species, a necessity to the valid publication of every new species, did not follow until the publi- cation of his Descriptio Uberior Graminum, 1817. When the description appeared, however, it unquestionably applied S. cymosus Muhl. to the plant which now passes under the name of Rk. cymosa. Technically, since the Willdenow species and the Muhlenberg species are not identical, Muhlenberg’s name be- comes a later homonym of the earlier, and, as such, is illegitimate under Schoenus according to the International Rules. In 1816, while the status of S. cymosus Muhl. was that of a nomen nudum, Elliott published the first pages of his Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia. Here he described in detail a Rhynchospora cymosa which he supposed to be S. cymosus of Muhlenberg, but, in reality, Muhlenberg’s species was not validly published until a year later, when it was accom- panied by its description. Elliott made, therefore, not a new combination, but a new species. Consequently it is imperative to determine the identity of his specimen which is obviously the type of Rhynchospora cymosa. Kunth in his Enumeratio Plantarum assigns R. cymosa Elliott to R. distans (Michx.) Vahl, basing his determination upon a specimen ‘a Beyrichio misso.”” Both Torrey and Gray had previously suspected that Elliott’s description did not ayply to the plant which they knew as R. cymosa and which they errone- ously attributed to Willdenow. To come at the bottom of this confusion, Prof. M. L. F penile during the spring of 1938, kindly examined the Elliott tyre for me, and he states that, although immature, it is undoubtedly R. glomerata (Michx.) Vahl. The name R. cymosa, then, since it has no connection with S. cymosus Willd., properly dates from Elliott, belongs in the synonymy of R. glomerata, and cannot be rightfully used to designate any other entity. ba] Gee ee, a eer 248 Rhodora [JUNE This conclusion necessitates for the plant which was the basis of Muhlenberg’s S. cymosus and which has until the present passed as ?. cymosa, another name. Chapman in 1860 set apart and described the smaller R. cymosa, var. globularis. Small in 1933 raised this variety to specific rank. Since in my judgment no boundary exists which specifically delimits the larger from the smaller plant, I am accepting Chapman’s interpretation rather than that of Small. R. globularis, therefore, becomes the correct specific name. Var. typica is the small rlant originally set apart by Chapman as var. globularis, and to the plant for- merly treated as R. cymosa, I am giving the name R. globularis var. recognita. After this discussion of R. cymosa was yut into final form, Professor Fernald received, through the kindness of Professor Diels, Director of the Botanical Museum at Berlin, a photo- graph of Schoenus cymosus, no. 1247, in the Willdenow Herbari- um. The specimen! was clearly a young state of Scirpus poly- phyllus, as stated in Kunth’s annotation on the right-hand side of the sheet. The specimen-cover bore in the left-hand corner the no. 1247, and on the right, in Willdenow’s hand, ‘‘Schoenus cymosus Sp. Pl. Habitat in America boreali.’”? This was accom- panied by a diagnosis of Schoenus umbellatus copied from Walter,’ in which the name S. umbellatus has been replaced by that of Scirpus polyphyllus. _59c. Var. pinetorum (Small), stat. nov. Leaves 1.5-2 mm. wide: clums obtusely trigonous, slender, erect, becoming flexu- ous, 2.7-6.9 dm. in height: inflorescence 1-4 weak glomerulose cymes: bracts inconspicuous: spikelets nearly globose, 2-flowered, 1-fruited, compact, 2.5-3 mm. long: scales mucronulate or obtuse: bristles 6, not exceeding 24 the height of the achene: achene 1.4 mm. wide, 1.3~-1.4 mm. long; the pale flat surface covered with a dark nearly isodiametric reticulation: tubercle triangular, 0.4— 0.5 mm. high. Puatre 831, rig. 5A; Map 71.—R. pinetorum Britton & Small, in Small, Man. 183, 1503 (1933).—Moist areas in pinelands and savannas, the Peninsula of Florida, west along the coast to Louisiana; also in western Cuba and Jamaica. FLormA: moist pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co. Curtiss, no. 4871 (G); prairie near St. Johns River, Osceola Co., McFarlin, no. 4908 (CU); in a low pineland, Aripeka, Pasco Co., O'Neill, no. 2611 (CU, NY); Manavista, Manatee Co., Tracy, ' Now, with the complete herbarium at Berlin, presumably lost. 2 Walter, FI. Car. 70 (1788). 1944) Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 249 no. 6991 (G); pinelands west of Punta Gorda, DeSoto Co., Small, Mosier & DeWinkler, no. 10912 (NY, Type of R. pine- torum Britton & Small); in moist sandy ditch along seadiade: ‘ Rialto, Lee Co., Moldenke, no. 1011 (D, NY); glade, Cutter & Black Pt., Dade Co., Small & Carter, no. 885 (P); swampy thicket, Washington Co., May, Curtiss, no. 3149 (NY). Lovtst- awa: low prairies, Jennings, Jefferson Davis Parish, Palmer, no. ( Pinar del Rio and Caloma, Pinar del Rio, Britton, Britton & Cowell, no. 10084 (NY). JAMAICA! along rivulets at ’Moneague, 1850, Alexander (G). R. pinetorum Small is superficially identical with the weaker state of R. globularis, var. recognita found in the western States and the Greater Antilles. It has the same attenuated appear- ance, the same weak cymes, turgid spikelets, inconspicuous bracts and nearly orbicular short scales. Even its achene is similar in shape, size and tubercle. Its only claim to specific rank depends upon the surface sculpturing of the achene. This con- sists of a brown nearly isodiametric reticulation over a flat, usually pale background. R. globularis and the var. recognita have, by contrast, an elongate reticulation with the shorter sides of the alveoli accentuated so as to form transverse ridges on the surface of the achene. A study of the whole globularis- complex in Florida and Cuba, however, reveals that in this region transitional stages between isodiametric and elongate pitting with a ridged surface occur. Such are the achenes from the collection of Tracy, no. 7001, from Florida, and of Curtiss, December, 1903, from the Isle of Pines. It seems best, therefore, to reduce Small’s entity to the status of a variety. (To be continued) 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 255 RHYNCHOSPORA, SECTION EURHYNCHOSPORA, IN CANADA, THE UNITED STATES AND THE WEST INDIES SHIRLEY GALE (Continued from page 249) Series 11. Caducae, ser. nov. Cymis decompositis saepissime valde fasciculatis patentibus corymbiformibus: spiculis 1-10 (semper fere 4—5)-carpis: squamis laxe imbricatis: setis 1-6 antrorse serrulatis saepissime validis (R. perplera et R. micro- carpa exceptis): achaenio elliptico-obovato vel late obovato vel suborbiculari saepissime rugoso cancellato vel striato, obscure marginato. Growing in damp depressions, swamps, pond-margins and shallow water of the pine barrens, savannas and open woodland of the Coastal Plain; infrequent inland; also in the West Indies. Caespitose: leaves 1 ‘(rarely)-7. 5 mm. wide: culms of well devel- oped specimens approximately 1 m. high, usually erect, becoming flexuous toward the summit, less often weakly ascending: cymes decompound, those of most species corymbiform, densely fasciculate, less often weakly spreading and with few spikelets or forming a globose net in R. miliacea: spikelets oe 1—mostly 4-5 (less often 6-10) achenes: scales loosely imbric bristles "udually well developed (1-3 and rudimentary in wt perplexa), antrorsely serrulate: achenes ellivinababnte to broad- ly obovate or suborbicular in outline, usually ridged, always cancellate or striate, obscurely marginate: t tubercle basally deltoid.— Rhynchospora V. Glomeratae Small, Man. 175 (1933), in part. ah faiier snk Series B. Diplo styleae, Sect. 5. Glaucae Key To Species IN SERIES CADUCAE a. Bristles equalling or exceeding the achene... .b. b. Achene slenderly ellipsoid-obovoid, 2-2.2 mm. in length R. inexpansa. b. Achene bersasceaiied to broadly obovoid or subglobose, less than 1.8 . in length.... c. Branchlets of the 6-9 cymes stiffly divaricate or reflexed, giving the ais nesta of a se web; achene pale se Fellow heowi yk Pia as a eee 1. R. miliacea. c. Ecanckiats of the 2-5 cymes ascending to spreading, if divaricate never stiffly so; achene castan pee & d, y anton broadly cheeate to eabbetiedlar = ee n above, comp ae 2 wide or wider, 1.4 mm. long or rang ee e. Achenes striate, castaneous, 1.4-1.6 mm. wide, i r= .7 mm, long, with a evi, groies terete stipe which is 0.3-0.4 mm. in length; stamens conspicu- ously anpeceeenk eat Cue eels beer reas 62. R. odorata 256 Rhodora : [JULY e. Achenes Lard cancellate, 1.2-1.6 mm. wide, 1.4— m. long, with a short thick inconspicuous ent....63. FR. caduca. d. Achenes slenderly ronan or, if dante to suborbicu- ar in outline, small, gradually biconvex and not ee reey swollen “above, 0.8-1.2 mm. wide, 1-1.4 ong.... f. Cymes loose, spre eadin ng, the lax mango branchlets widely divergent; spikelets few... . g. Bristles well exceeding the “wuberele; tubercle deltoid-attenuate with setose margins........ 53, dt. mnecla. g. Bristles equalling the achene taherdis deltoid, hat decurrent, the eres bare : se decurrens. ridges: bristles irregularly spreading... .66. R. schoenoides. h. ——— moderately biconvex, the alveoli subiso- diametric to broadly oblong, rugulose to only Slightly ridged; bristles amially aired erect and 6 closely connivent around the achene.. . R. microcarpa. a. Bristles shorter than the achene or failing... .7 ; z. Achene strongly flattened, prominently ced, aa ede Ne j. Bristles 6, not exceeding the achene; transverse ridges of the achene approximately 12, closely spaced; tuber- : cle decurrent; spi genes 4mm. long As FOE Bee 68. Rk. Torreyana. j. Bristles none or 1-3 ru c pinks transverse ridges of the achene less than 8, wid ery separated. os ey 69. R. perplexa. zt, Achene biconvex, slightly if at all ieee. the alveoli sub- isodiametric to broadly ODIONG ss ssh os ee ea e058 67. R. microcarpa. 60. R. 1nexpansa (Michx.) Vahl. Fg any often forming stools of several—15 culms: leaves flat, 2-3.5 mm. wide; margins finely serrulate; tips triquetrous: culms shelisel triangular, becoming slender, flexuous, 0.3-1.2 m. high: inflorescence 3- strictly elongated decompound fasciculate cymes, 0.6-1 dm. in length, the filiform arching branches approximate; lateral cymes on exserted peduncles: spikelets fusiform, sessile or setae strongly ascending, 2—5-flowered, 1—4-fruited, 4.5-6 . long: scales castaneous, acute or aristulate, caducous: bristles 6, up- wardly hispidulous, capillary, erect, once again as high as the tubercle: achene slenderly Slipaotdoboveid, narrowing toward the base, extremely flattened, transversely ridged, castaneous, 0.8-1 mm. wide, 2-2.2 mm. long: tubercle ee, compressed, 0.9-1.2 mm. long, pale, with thickly setose margin LATE Frias. 1A and 1B; Mar 75.—Enum. ii. 232 (1806): Elliott, Sk. Bot. S. Car. and Ga. i. 61 (1816); Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 200, pl. 6, fig. 6 (1835) and Man. ed. 2, 505 (1856) ; Pear aty Fl. So. U.S. 525 5 (1 ~~, ; Britton & Brown , Ll. FI. i. 280, fig. 660 (1896) ; Britton, Man. 186 (1901); Small, Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 186 (1933); eatin & Fernald in Gray, Man. ed. 7: 200, fig. 318 (1908). Schoenus inexpansus abies FI. Bor. -Am, i. 35 (1803) ; 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 257 Muhlenberg, Descrip. Gram. 9 (1817). Phaeocephalum inex- pansum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920)——Common in low or exsiccated ground in open areas of pinelands on the Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia to Georgia and west to eastern Texas; inland localities in northern Alabama, northwestern Arkansas and along the Red River. Citation of specimens of this unique and well known species is not considered necessary in this paper. 61. R. mrtracea (Lam.) Gray. Stoloniferous: leaves narrowly linear, 6-7.5 mm. wide, erect, flat, carinate; the keel and margins scabrous to smooth; tip triquetrous: culms 3-angled, leafy, slightly arching or more commonly stiffly erect, 0.9-1.4 m. high: cymes 6-9, decompound, the long wiry capillary branchlets stiffly divaricate or often reflexed, giving to the cyme a loose, web-like appearance, 0.7—1 dm. wide: lateral cymes on subex- serted peduncles: spikelets ovoid, turg id, 3-4 mm. long, distant on elongated slender pedicels, rag etl 3-10-fruited: scales aristulate, loosely imbricate, promptly caducous exposing a ‘‘spikelet’’ of naked achenes: bristles 6, fragile, spreading, up- wardly serrulate, exceeding the tubercle: achene broadly obovoid, biconvex, ae ridged to rugulose, longitudinally striate, pale, 0.9-1. mm. wide, 1-1.38 mm. long: tubercle depressed- conic, often ares 0.2-0.4 mm. long. Pair 833, FIGS. 2A and OB: Map 74.—Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 198, pl. 6, fg. 4 pees Cheon Fl. So. U.S. 526 (1860); Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 243 (1866); C. Wright in Saye Anal. Acad. Ci. eae vill. 84 (1871) and FI. Cub. 1 179 (1873); Small, Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 186 (1933); Britton, Mem. Soe. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 199 (1916); Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 211 (1926). Schoenus miliaceus Lamarck, Ill. Gen. i. 187 (1791). &. sparsa Vahl, sparsus Michaux, Fl. Bor. EO o 35 Maa. Muhlenberg, Descrip. Gram. 7 (1817). Phaeocephalum miliaceum (mispelled mailaceum) House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Often standing in water of swamps of the Coastal Plain from south- eastern Virginia and North Carolina (rarely) southward to the Florida Peninsula, and west to Louisiana; also in the western provinces of Cuba and in eastern Hispaniola. Virainta: Read , as ‘‘Schoenus sparsus”’), presumably from Norfolk Co. Nortu Carona: swamp at Newport, Carteret Co., Godfrey, no. 4412 (D, G); peaty grass-sedge savanna at Carolina Beach, New Hanover €o.. Godfrey, no. 4684 (G, NC); edge of swamp, Southport, Brunswick Co., Jan. 28, 1922, Bartram (G, P). ouTH CAROLINA: swamp, 1% miles west of Andrews, George- town, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 541 (G, NY); 258 Rhodora [JuLy wet places along Santee Canal, Berkeley Co., Ravenel (G). CAROLINA: in umbrosis Carolinae, Michaux Herb. (G, type- photo of Schoenus sparsus); east Carolina, D. Fraser in Herb. Leonard (G, TypE-pHoto of Schoenus miliaceus). GEORGIA: shaded pool of clear cold water, Leslie, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 1017 (G, NY, US); semi-calcareous swamp of small creek about Y mile east of Cedar Springs, Early Co., Harper, no. 3635 (G, P, US). FLoripA: swamps aes Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no dre (CU; DG, NY, PF, US); Devils Mill Hopper, lime-sink near Gainesville, Alachua Co., O’ Neill, no. 586 (US); rooting under water, Silver Springs, Marion Co., O’ Neill, no. 2606 (CU); damp places, Ormond, Volusia Co., Fuller (G); Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 1845 (G, NY, P, US); in mud of bog in open woods near Oviedo, Seminole Co., Correll, no. 6361 (CU, D, G); in moist woodland, south of Aripeka, Hernando Co. ra Moldenke, no. 1065 (D, NY): rooting under water in a spring, pasture hammock, Lake Jovita, Paseo Co., O'Neill, no. 1060 U, US); swamp, between Shingle and Bonnet Creek, Kissim- mee, Osceola Co., Mar. 13, 1938, Singletary (D); in a swamp, Polk City, Polk Co., O'Neill, no. 7682 (CU); sand-barren swamps, Tampa, Hillsborough Co., Apr. 11, 1923, Churchill (G); oe Okaloacoochee Slough, Big Cypress, Lee Co., Small, no. 8311 (NY); in everglades near Camp Long View, Dade Co., Small & Wilson, no. 1644 (NY); bogs and deep miry ‘places, Apalachicola, Franklin Co. , Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 231a (G, NY, US). ALABAMA: deep loa springy places, " eastern shore, Mobile Bay, Point Clear, Baldwin Co., June 10, 1879, Mohr (US). LovisiANA: abundant in cypress-tupelo swamp, Rone Ferry on Tickjaw River, Livingston Parish, Brown, no. 6573 (La); New Orleans, 1832, Drummond (G); sandy ditch near swamp in Zapata, Santa Clara, Acufia, no. 4305 (NY); in coastal swamps, in a wood of Peralta Estate, "Batabano, Havana, Leén, no. 14195 Sher Wright, no. 3788 (G, US). Hispanroua: Macary in tang Soe Marigot, Massif de la Selle, Haiti, Ekman, no. 5978 (NY, U; 2. Fes see ee C. Wright ex Griseb. With short stolons: leaves 3.5-6 mm. wide, arching, carinate, smooth, becoming triquetrous at the tip, with finely serrulate angles: culms stocky, becoming flexuous at the summit, 3-angled, smooth, 0.7—1.8 m. high: cymes 3-4, decompound, "densely fasciculate, 3-4 cm. wide, 3-7.5 cm. long; branchlets mainly arched-ascending: spikelets ovoid, 3-11-flowered, 1-7-fruited, 6-9 mm. long: scales acute-aristate, loosely imbricate, ferruginous, caducous: 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 259 Range of 77, RHyNCHOSPORA MIXTA; 78, R. DECURRENS; 79, R. SCHOENOIDES; 0, RR: TORREYANA; 81, R. PERPLEXA; 82, He MICROCARPA. stamens conspicuously marcescent: bristles 6, irregularly ascend- ing to spreading, slenderly attenuate, usually well exceeding the tubercle, upwardly serrulate, 3.2-4.2 mm. long: achene orbicular in outline, strongly biconvex, transversely ridged and strongly marked by longitudinal striae, castaneous, 1.4-1.6 mm. wide, 14-4, A mm. long, with a conspicuous persistent stipe, 0. 3-0.4 mm. long: tubercle deltoid-compressed, somewhat peace usually dark with setose margins. PLaTe 833, Fries. 3A and Map 73.—Cat. Pl. Cub. 242 (1866); C. Wri ght in Sauvalle Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 83 (1871) and FI. Cub. 179 (1873). R. stipitata Chapman Fi. So. U. S. ed. 2: 660 (1883); Hemsley, Rep. Sci. Res. Voy. Challenger, Bot. i. 76, pl. 10 (1885); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 129 (1900); Sinall Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 186 (1933); Britton, FI. Bermuda, 53, fig. 82 (1918). Rk. Marisculus sensu Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 132 (1900), in part. &. Marisculus sensu Britton, Mem. Soe. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 200 (1916), in part, excl. syn. R. jubata Liebm. R. Maris- culus sensu Britton & Millspaugh, Bahama Fl. 56 (1920); non Lindl. et Nees in Mart. R. caduca sensu Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. pec. Nov. xxiii. 210 (1926) and xxxii. 77 (1933); non Ell. Phaeocephalum stipitatum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). —Swamps of the Coastal Plain a North Carolina (one collection from Carteret Co.) to the Florida Peninsula, Bermuda, New Providence of the Bahamas and the Greater Antilles. Norra Caro.ina: sand banks near Beaufort, Carteret Co., Lewis, no. 76 (NY). Gerorara: Baldwin (P). Forma: low rich places near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 3141 (P); swamp near Mosquito Inlet, Volusia Co., Curtiss, no. 3174 260 Rhodora [JoLy Guane, Pinar del Rio, Dec. 23, 1863?!, Wright, no. 3394 (G); in Clara, Cuesta, no. 764 (NY); al norte de la Bahia de Cochinos, Santa Clara, Leén & Loustalot, no. 9506 (NY). Jamaica: marsh, 1 mile west of Black River, Cornwall, Britton, no. 1356 (NY); border of Great Morass, Negril and vicinity, Cornwall, Britton & Hollick, no. 2116 (NY). H1spanroua: coastal swamp at Carbarete, Tosua, prov. Puerto Plata, Cordillera Septen- trional, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 14535 (G, NY, US). PuERTo Rico: Point Congrejos, Stevenson, no. 1706 (NY, US). 63. R. capuca Ell. Spreading by means of short stolons, occasionally forming dense stools: leaves 4-7 mm. wide, flat, slightly carinate, mainly ascending; tips triquetrous, with minute- ly scabrous angles: culms robust, acutely 3-angled, erect, becom- ing flexuous at the summit, 0.7-1.2 m. high: cymes 3-5, decom- pound, strict, 0.5-1.2 dm. long, usually densely fasciculate and often arching, but attenuated specimens occurring with scattered spikelets on weak, spreading branchlets: spikelets ovoid, fas- ciculate and sessile or single and slenderly pedicellate, 3-6- flowered, 2-5-fruited, 4-4.5 mm. long: scales acute to aristulate, caducous, dark brown, loosely imbricate: bristles 6, brittle, well exceeding the tubercle, upwardly hispidulous: achene obovate to rotund in outline, strongly umbonate, 1.2-1.6 mm. wide, 1.4-1.6 mm. long; entire surface cancellate with the horizontal walls of the oblong alveoli contiguous, accentuated and forming horizontal ridges: tubercle deltoid, compressed and slightly epressed, usually pale, setose, 0.6-0.8 mm. in height. PLATE ‘ See Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii, 297 (1905). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 261 833, rics. 4A and 4B; nage 76. woe es . a and ie i. (1816); melts Ann. Lye 6. fig. 5 (iss Chapman, FI. So. U. S sn (i860); Small Pi 197 Ane and Man. 185 Fess R. patula Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 201, pl. 6 fig. 8 (1835), for the most part. Phaeocephalum pn House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Frequent in meadows and marshes on the Coastal Plain from southeastern Virginia south to Florida and west to eastern Texas; known inland only from a few localities in the mountains of Georgia and Alabama and in northwestern Arkansas. Virainia: border of damp sandy pine woods east of Gloucester, Gloucester Co., Fernald & Long, no. 61 border of brackish to fresh marsh along Back Bay at eastern margin of Long Island, Princess Anne Co., Fernald & Long, no. 10555 (G); boggy swale by Northwest River, near Northwest, Norfolk k Co., Fernald, Griscom & Long, no. “4578 (G); swaley t Beach), Southampton Co., Fernald & Long, no. 10148 (G, P); exsiccated argillaceous pineland, about 2 miles east of Stony Creek, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8999 (G, P). Norra Carouina: in bogey soil near Elizabeth City, Pasquotank Co., soley, no. 2110 (D); marsh at Sligo, Currituck Co., Godfrey, no. 283 (G dfrey, no. 5340 262 Rhodora [JULY Johns Co., June 7, 1940, West & Arnold (CU); St. Vincent Island, Franklin Co., McAtee, no. 1820a (US); in low pineland, Lake City, Columbus Co., O'Neill, no. 7674 (CU); wet hammock, vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 139 (G); in edge of low woods near Mabel, Sumter Co., Curtiss, no. 6631 (G, P); swamps, Myers, Lee Co., Hitchcock, no. 422 (G); moist open ground, 1 mile west of Arcadia, DeSoto Co., Blomquist, no. 8958 (G, D); near Tallahassee, Leon Co., Berg (NY); Herb. Baldw. (NY, annotated as R. patula by Gray). ALAaBamMa: Auburn, Lee Co., Earle, no. 859 (NY); pine woods, Ball Play, Etowah Co., Mohr (US). Musstsstpr1: Saratoga Co., Tracy, no. 8464 (G). ARKAN- sas: Benton Co., Plank, no. 17 (NY). Lovistana: in prairies, Rouge Parish, Trotter & Chilton, no. 42 (La); low prairies, Jen- nings, Jefferson Davis Parish, Palmer, no. 7625 (CA, Mo, P). Texas: Palestine, Anderson Co., Apr. 19, 1895, Plank (NY); Chambers Co., Cory, no. 22404 (G); Cypress City, Harris Co., Boll, no. 884 (G); Caney Post Office, Brazoria Co., Bechdolt, no. 4 (G); banks, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 711 (G, Mo); Burnet, Burnet Co., Sept. 14, 1892, Plank (NY); prairie near Indianola, Calhoun Co., Ravenel, no. 159 (NY); coastal prairie, Midfields, Matagorda Co., Tharp, no. 2139 (US). 64. R. mixta Britt. ex Small. Stoloniferous: leaves 3-4 mm. wide, flat, subcarinate, becoming triquetrous at the tip; margins minutely scabrous: culms triangular, slender, becoming filiform and arched toward the summit, approximately 1 m. in height: cymes 4-6, decompound, fasciculate, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, often extremely lax and flexuous in appearance due to the attenuated pedicels which may be strongly divergent; axillary cymes on exserted peduncles: spikelets ovoid, 2 (rarely)—10-flowered, 1 (rarely)—10-fruited, 4-6 mm. in length, commonly distant: scales mucronulate or acute, loosely imbricate, characteristically caducous, castaneous: bristles 6-8, extremely slender, brittle, well exceeding the tubercle, upwardly hispidulous, 2.2-2.8 mm long: achene slightly compressed, otherwise slenderly obovoid, 0.8-0.9 mm. wide, 1.3-1.4 mm. long; surface pale and dull but covered with a brown isodiametric reticulation, the transverse walls of which are barely if at all elevated: tubercle deltoid- attenuate, 0.4-0.9 mm. long, compressed, with a conspicuously setose margin. PLATE 832, rics. 4A and 4B; Map 77.—F. 197, 1328 (1903) and Man. 186 (1933). R. prolifera Small, Fl. 198, 1328 (1903) and Man. 186 (1933). Phaeocephalum mixtum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920). Phaeocephalum proliferum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).—Swampy woodlands 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 263 of Coastal Plain from North Carolina to northern Florida and west to eastern Texas. Norra Carouina: Elizabeth City, Pasquotank Co., Kearney, no. 1993 (US): ditch, Beaufort Co., Blomquist, no. 5614 (D); stream-margin, Holden Beach, Bruns- wick Co., Blomquist, no. 5614 (P). Sours CAROLINA: wet swampy woodland, 12 miles north a Georgetown, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 111 (D , P). Grorata: moist shaded ar place in Ogeechee River swamp, Burke Co., Harper, no. 768 (G, NY, US); bank of Ocmulgee River, Hawkins- ville, aon Co. , Harper ssh 1385 (G, NY, US); Marshallville, acon Co., Earle, no. 3 (NY, TYpPe); rich woods i in south- eastern part of Sumter git Harper, no. 490 (N ae moist sandy places, Leslie, Sumter Co., Harper, no. 408 (N Y, type o Rk. prolifera Small; US, isotype) ; swamp of Chickasawhatchee Creek at Johnson Bridge Ne) Elmodel, Baker Co., Eyles, no. 7059 (Hermann Herb.). FLORIDA: wet sandy soil near Perry, Taylor Co., Palmer, no. 27285 (G); low ground, Marianna, Jackson Co., May 26, 1940, Sargent (Sargent Herb.); river swamps, Apalachicola, Franklin Co. ., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 4471 (G, NY, US); swamps, Walton Co., 1885, Curtiss (NY); swampy woods along Yellow River near Milligan, Santa Rosa Co., Curtiss, no. 6854 (G; US, in part). ALABAMA: palmetto sw ramp, vicinity of Auburn, Lee Co:, Pollard & Mazon, no. 42 (G, NY, US). Mrsstssterr: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Tracy, no. 114 (NY). Lovrstana: vicinity of Covington, St. Dee Parish, Arsene, no. 12307 (Ue) mixed a and pal- Baton Rouge Parish, May 19, 1874, Joor (us Texas: in bed of brook in high mixed forest, 5 miles south of Nacogdoches on Lufkin Road, Nacogdoches Co., Lundell & Lundell, no. 9643 (CU); 1883, N Serle no. 28 (NY US); East Texas, Wright (G). f. mixta has a culm which, in common with so many members of this series, varies in degree of flexuosity from upright, with a curving distal internode, to weak, attenuated and nearly pro- cumbent. Specimens of the latter extreme have open fascicles with long filiform divergent branchlets; those with the greatest stiffness, however, have flexuous but not open fascicles, the branchlets of which are often shorter, usually ascending, causing a closer approximation of the spikelets. As in the closely related fk. miliacea, the number of achenes in a spikelet is very variable. I consider that Small, in designating those specimens which have spikelets bearing from 8-10 achenes as R. prolifera, set up an artificial boundary which alone delimited that species from R. mixta of Britton. 264 Rhodora [JULY R. DECURRENS Chapman. Caespitose: leaves flat, 3 m wide, smooth, soft, with 3- angled setaceous tips: culms obtuisely trigonous, smooth, slender, becoming flexuous, leafy, approxi- mately 0.8-1.1 m. high: cymes 4-5, decompoun d, loose, some- what okie. 2-5 em. wide, the filiform branchlets lax or drooping, bearing a few scattered or somewhat congested spike- lets; lateral cymes distant, on exserted peduncles: spikelets rotundly ovoid, 3 mm. long, 3—4-flowered, 2—3-fruited, scattered or somewhat congested on capillary pedicels: scales mucronulate or muticous, chestnut-brown, caducous: bristles 6, extremely tenuous, fragile, upwardly hispidulous, equalling the achene in height: ‘achene obovoid, slightly biconvex, bright chestnut, 0.9 mm. wide, 1.3 mm long; the surface pitted, tending to become transversely rugulose: tubercle deltoid, compressed, somewhat decurrent, not setose. PLatTEe 832, rigs. 1A and 1B; Mar 78.— Fl. So. U. 8. 525 (1860); Small, FI. 198 (1903) and Man 185 (1933). Phaeocephalum decurrens House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 201 (1920).—Swamps and marshy stream-banks, Columbus Co., orth Carolina (one collection) and Florida. Norra CAROLINA: edge of swamp, 1 mile east of Old Dock, Columbus Co., Blom- quist & Correll, no. 9444 (D). FiLorripa: in swamp, Callahan, Nassau Co., O'Neill, no. 6017 (CU); south branch, St. Mary’s River, summer, 1885, Curtiss (NY); marshy banks of streams, Dead ‘Lakes, Calhoun Co., Mohr. no. 68 (US) lakes and rivers, Wewahitchka, Calhoun Co., Chapman in Bilt- mor ; . Heinen Rie damp thickets, bank of Chittahachee River, onro , June 25, 1880, Mohr (US, in part); swamps, western Florida, fie 20, 1880, Mohr (NY). R. decurrens is most closely related to R. mixta Britt. This is at once apparent in the habit which is indistinguishable from that of R. mixta, for the plant has the same lax and drooping aspect with the typical flat soft leaves, and the loose cymes with their spreading or drooping filiform branchlets. The distinction between the two species depends upon achenial characters. The six bristles surrounding the customarily pale chestnut achene of R. mixta exceed the deltoid-attenuate tubercle which is 0.4 (rarely)—0.9 mm. high and marginally setose. The achene of R. decurrens, however, while similar to that of R. mixta in pitting and general outline, is a brilliant chestnut, surrounded by six bristles in height not equalling the tubercle, which is short (not exceeding 3 mm. long), broadly deltoid, and without a trace of marginal setae. 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 265 66. R. scHorNnorpEs (Ell.) Wood. Coarsely caespitose: leaves 4.5-5 mm. wide, flat, toward the apex becoming carinate and finely serrulate along the margins, triquetrous at the apex: culms 3-angled, becoming slender and flexuous, 0.8-1.5 m. high: cymes 2-5, decompound, densely fasciculate, irregularly corym- biform, 2-6 em. wide; the branchlets approximate, arching, terminating in glomerulate clusters of spikelets; lateral panicles subexserted on slender peduncles: spikelets rotundly ovoid, turgid, 3-6-flowered, 2-—4-fruited, 2.5-3. . long: scales mucronulate, loose, caducous, dark brown: bristles 6, exceeding the tubercle, upwardly hispidulous, tharacteristically divergent: achene pyriform, extremely flattened, heavily striate between the few well-spaced transverse ridges, often pale to castaneous, m. wide, 1.2—-1.3 mm. long: tubercle deltoid, sometimes apiculate, compressed, 0.3-0.4 mm. high. Pate 834, Frias. 2A and 2B; Map 79.—Class-Book of Bot. 744 (1861); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 92 (1892); Small, Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 185 (1933). Scirpus schoenoides Elliott, Sk. Bot. 8. Car. and Ga. i. 89 (1816). R. Elliottii Dietrich, Sp. Pl. ed. 6: ii. 69 (1833), non Gray; Chapman, FI. So. U. 8. 525 (1860). R. multiflora Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 200, pl. 6, fig. 7 (1835). Phaeocepha- lum schoenoides House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).— Roadside ditches and low ground in pine barrens and prairies of the Coastal Plain from North Carolina south to Georgia and west to eastern Texas. Norto Caro.ina: sandy grassy pine- ., Wiegan Manning, no. 627 (G); Leroy, Washington Co., Bequaert, no. 11521 (G); Drummond, no. 251 266 Rhodora [JuLy (G). Muississiprr: Ocean Springs, Jackson Co., Pollard, no. 1124 (G, NY, US); Pass Christian, Harrrison Co., Dec. 18, 1919, Bartram (P). Lovisiana: stream-bottom south of Franklinton, Washington Parish, Brown, no. 6446 (La); vicinity of Covi ngton, St. Tammany Parish, Arsene, no. 11066 ; same locality, Arséne, no. 12220 (Mo, US); plentiful i in pools along road in pine flats 2 miles west of Hammond, angipahoa Parish, Hester, no. 808 (La); New Orleans, SDeiiacni in Herb. Hook., no. 367 Y); common in Dasara west of Crowley, Acadia Parish, Brown, no. 581 ; common in low prairies, vicinity of Lake- Charles, Caleasieu Parish, Mackenzie, no. 44 (Mo, NC). TrExas: grows in a pond 3 miles below Town Bluff, Tyler Co., Wright (G); 2.6 miles east of Camp Jackson, Hardin Co. , Cory, no. 19714 (CU); near Liberty, Liberty Co. . Bequaert, no. 11500 (G). 7. R. microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray. Caespitose or solitary: aces 1-3 mm. wide, rarely narrower, flat; upper margins ser- rated; tips 3-angled: culms obtusely triangular, leafy, ascending, becoming tenuous and flexuous above, 5-8 dm. high: cymes 1-4, decompound, fasciculate, often densely so, eamatly corymbi- form, 1-6 cm. wide; lateral fascicles short-pedunculate: bracts leafy: spikelets ovoid, sometimes rotundly so, 3-4-flowered, 2-3-fruited, congested, sessile, 2.5-3 mm. long: scales aristulate to acute, dark brown, more or less loose: bristles 6, varying in length from Y% the achene to equalling the tubercle, stiffly erect: achene obovoid, slightly biconvex, glistening bright brown, deeply alveolate, with the pits subisodiametric to broadly ob- long, only slightly ridged, 0.8-1.2 mm. wide, 1—1.2 mm. long: . ie ye. N. Y. iti. 202, pl. fig. : (1835); Chapman, Fl. So. U. 8. 525 (1860) ; Britton, ‘Trans. . Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 92 (1892); Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. il. sy boo: Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. i. 199 (1916); Small, Fl. 198 (1903) and Man. 185 (1933); Britton & Mills- paugh, Bahama Fl. 55 (1920); Kiikenthal, Medde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxiii. 210 sate in part. &. patula Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii. 201, pl. 6, fig. 8 (1835), in small part. R. Torreyana Gray, var. hack: Grisebach, Cat. PI. Cub. 243 (1866). &. gracilis sensu C. Wright in Sauvaile, Anal. Acad, Ci. Habana, vili. 84 (1871) and FL Cub. 179 9 (1873), in part; non (Swartz) Vahl. 2. involuta C. Wright in herb. ex Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 130 (1900). R. perplexa sensu Britton & Millspaugh, Bahama FI. 55 (1920), not as to type, R. perplera Britton ex Small. &. Edisoniana Small, Man. 184, 1503 (1933). Phaeoce- phalum microcarpum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (192 : Phaeocephalum patulum (misspelled palulum) House, Am. Mid- nd Nat. vi. 202 (1920), in small part——Swamps and margins of North Canin one saleeaan: southern Georgia 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 267 and Florida westward along the coast to Louisiana; also on the Bahamas, and in the western provinces of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Nortu Carouina: Wilmington, Curtis (NY, cited by Gray in type-description). Grorara: in shallow pools along Aucilla Creek near Boston, Thomas Co., Harper, no. 1636 (G, NY, US). FLORIDA: swampy pine barrens near Jacksonville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 5415 (G, NC, US); vicinity of Eustis, Lake Co., Nash, no. 437 (G, NY, P, US); moist pine barrens, Merritt’s Island, Indian River, Brevard Co., Curtiss, no. 3149 (CU, G, NY, P, US); ‘‘wet weather pond” near Oakland, Orange Co., Curtiss, no. 6625 (G, NY, US); hammock, north of Eagle Bay near Kissimmee River, Osceola Co., Small, no. 9911 (CU); hammock, 12 miles east*of Okeechobee City, Saint Lucie Co., Small et al., no. 9292 (NY); everglades along the Palm Beach Canal, Palm Beach Co., Small, no. 8270 (G, NY); everglades along Tamiami Trail west of Miami, Dade Co., Small, no. 8835 (NY, type of R. Edisoniana); swamp, Big Pine Key, Monroe Co., Killip, no. 32075 (CU, G, NY); in everglades south of Tamiami Trail, Collier Co., Moldenke, no. 879 (D, ; in pineland, vicinity of Fort Myers, Lee Co., Standley, no. 227 (G, NY); Indian Mound near Citrus Center, DeSoto Co., Small, no. 9911 (NY); in a pine barren pond, north of Palma Sola Bay, Manatee Co., Simpson, no. 122 (G); swamp, Polk Co., Fredholm, no. 6229 (US); Tampa, Hillsborough Co., May, 1876, Garber US); in wet soil near Lake Butler, Pinellas Co., O'Neill, no. 2615 (CU); in a low pineland, Pasco, Pasco Co., O'Neill, no. 2616 (CU); margins of ponds in the pine barrens, Apalachicola, Franklin Co., Chapman in Biltmore Herb., no. 21la (G, US); open moist soil on St. Vincent’s Island, Franklin Co., Correll, no. 5604 (D). Mussissrppr: Horn Island, Jackson Co., Tracy, no. 2329 (NY); same locality, Tracy, no. 7682 (G); Ship Island, Harrison Co., June, 1886, Underwood Herb. (NY). Louisiana: in pine barrens, Mandeville, St. Tammany Parish, May, 1893, Langlois (Mo); west end of Grand Morais near New Iberia, Iberia Parish, Brown, no. 6383 (La). Banamas: edge of fresh- water marsh, Southwest Bay, New Providence, Britton & Brace, no. 510 (NY); grows in tufts 5 miles west of Fresh Creek settle- ment, in a pothole a few rods from shore of a salt creek, Andros, Wight, no. 241 (G); pineland swamps, Eight Mile Bay, Abaco, Brace, no. 1863 (NY); water holes, West End, Great Bahama, Brace, no. 3533 (NY, US); marsh, Glass Window to Harbor Island, Eleuthera, Britton & Millspaugh, no. 5395 (NY); water hole, Orange Creek and vicinity, Cat Island, Britton «& Mills- paugh, no. 5781 (NY); Hog Island, Wilson, no. 8429 (NY); water hole, Stopper Hill, Crooked Island, Brace, no. 4832 (NY). Cusa: edge of coastal swamps, La Coloma, Pinar del Rio, E kman, no. 17835 (NY); pineland ditch, Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del 268 Rhodora [JULY Rio, Britton, Britton & Gager, no. 7250 (NY); in coastal swamps, Playa de Guanimar, Habana, Ekman, no. 18314 (G, muddy soil, west coastal savanna, or aban no, Havana, Britton, Cowell & De La Torre, no. 138349 (NY, US); in shrubbery, Cienaga de Zapata, Santa Clara, Ekman, no. 18372 (US); Wright, no. 230 (NY, labeled by Gray ‘“R. Torreyana Gray var.” and annotated by Britton as “R. Torreyana var. microrhyncha A. Gray co- type’’); voes ae 3785 (G, NY, US). Purrro Rico: marsh, The more stnisk re aap of R. aiivecenee eta be ioe ficially distinguished from specimens of R. schoenoides. The differences between the two species are in their achenes. That of R. microcarpa is surrounded by stiffly erect bristles which are shorter than the achene or equal to the tubercle in height. The achene itself is commonly biconvex, castaneous to dark brown, strongly and irregularly alveolate. The achenial bristles of R. schoenoides are usually divergent, exceeding the tubercle in height. Unlike the common condition in R. microcarpa, the achene is strongly flattened, and pale to castaneous. The alveoli are longitudinally sdtdneedeed and appear as nearly regular rows of striae between a few prominent transverse ridges. On the continent, R. microcarpa occurs most commonly in Florida with a few collections from North Carolina, southern Georgia, and the coastal areas of Mississippi and Louisiana. R. schoenoides, on the other hand, occurs on the Coastal Plain from North Carolina to eastern Texas exclusive of the Florida Peninsula. 68. R. TorreyaNna Gray. Caespitose: leaves slenderly linear, 2-3 | mm. wide, flat or involute on drying, ane a stiff basal decompound, Becca tees corymbiform, 1-3.5 em. wide; the filiform branchlets somewhat pear spikelets bea 3-6- flowered, 1-5-fruited, pedicellate, Seek ascending, 4 on 1-1.2 mm. wide, 1.7 mm. long: tubercle deltoid, siete compressed, decurent, ssa 0.3 eng in height. Pate 834, FIGS. BA an 0.—Ann. a. 197, a 6, ae 2 Pe ene ee eet eS eS ee 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 269 ete ree & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 280, fig. 659 (1896); Britton, 6 (1901); Small, Fl. 197 (190 eB Mr 184 (1933); Robinson & Fernald i in Gray, Man. ed. 7: , fig. 317 (1908); ‘Fernald, Roopora, xxxix. 327 (19387). R. arid sensu Gray, Gram. et Cyp. i. no. 96 (1834), in part! and exel. syn. Phaeoce- phalum Torreyanum House, Am. Midland Nat. vi. 202 (1920).— Sandy pond-margins and sandy and peaty depressions in pine- lands and savannas of the Coastal Plain from Cape Cod, Massa- chusetts, to Georgia. MassacHusrETts: damp sandy and peaty border of Israel Pond, Barnstable, Barnstable Co., Fernald, no. 8958 (G, NE, NY, P); Sconset, Nantucket Island, Nantucket Co., Bicknell, no. 1051 (NE, NY). Ruopr IsLtanp: sandy and gravelly shore of small double pond east of Long Pond, South Kingstown, Washington Co., Collins & Fernald, no. 11317 (G, NE). New York: damp meadow, Amityville, Suffolk Co., Ferguson, no. 7873 (G, NY). New JersEY: White Horse, Mercer Co., Stone, no. 6756 (P); Quaker Bridge, Burlington Co., Aug. 1833, Gray ee TYPE); wet sandy clearing in barrens along tracks of C. R. R. of New Jersey, 114 miles northeast of Atsion, Burlington Co., Hermann, no. 3556 (G); boggy swale near head- waters of Cooper Creek, Lindenwold, Camden Co., Long, no. 26371 (P); Egg Harbor, "Atlantic Co. , July 20, 1897, Lippincott (G); sandy clayey border of pond-hole, 114 miles n. n. e. of Olivet, Salem Co., Long, no. 47085 (P); moist pine barrens, Swain, Cape May Co., Mackenzie, no. 7193 (NY). DELAWARE: Felton, Kent Ge , Canby (G, P); wet een barrens near Laurel, Sussex Co. , Aug. 5, 1874, Commons (P). RYLAND: wet thickets along Snow Hill Road, 714% miles Sania of Salisbury, Wico- mico Co., Tatnall, no. 4371 (G); meadows, Ocean City, Worces- ter Co. , July, 1893, Canby (US). VIRGINIA: wet pineland south of Petersburg, Prince George Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8609 (G, P); argillaceous and sphagnous bog (Reams Bog) south of Burgess, Dinwiddie Co., Fernald & Long, no. 8998 (CU, G, P); sandy and peaty depression (exsiccated shallow pond) about 4 miles northwest of Homeville, Sussex Co., Fernald & Long, no. 6076 (G, P); damp clearing in woods along Wakefield Road northeast of Sebrell, Southampton Co., Fernald & Long, no. 10547 (G, NY, P); sphagnous bog about 1 mile northwest of Dahlia, Greensville Co. - ahalevon & Long, no. 8609 (G, Norra Carouina: dry savanna, 15 miles southeast of Green- ville, Pitt Co., Blomguist, no. 11229 (D); ov pine woodland at Nashville, Nash Co., Godfrey, no. 5155 (D, G); mossy floor of pine woodland, Raleigh, Wake Co., Godfrey, no. 4924 (G, NC); ' No. 96 was apparently made up from a mixed collection. In the volume belong- ing to the library of the New York Botanic Garden, no 96 is R. Torreyana, as stated Gray in an appended correction; but in the volume at the Gray Herbarium, no. 96 is R. gracilenta Gray. 270 Rhodora [JuLy wet open sand pits, 5 miles west of Swanquarter, Hyde Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 629 (G); savanna at Chocowinity, Beaufort Co., Godfrey, no. 5400 (G); pineland at Roseboro, Sampson Co., Godfrey, no. 5712 (G); edge of savanna, low ground, Big Savannah, west of Burgaw, Pender Co., Blomquist, no. 10067 (CU, D); Wilmington, New Hanover Co., Aug. 19, 1930, Blomquist (G); dry sandy soil, Fayetteville, Cumberland Co., Biltmore Herb., no. 5055b (US); damp open sand-pocket, 4 miles north of Hoffmann, Richmond Co., Wiegand & Manning, no. 630 (G). SourH CaroLina: low pine woods, common, Society Hill, Darlington Co., Curtis (G); Camden, Kershaw Co., House, no. 2681 (US); cart-road through pineland clearing, 5 miles south of Andrews, Georgetown Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 1329 (G, NY); grass-sedge bog or savanna, 1 mile west of Chicora, Berkeley Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 851 (CU, D, G, NY, P); grass-sedge bog or savanna, 3 miles southwest of Man- ning, Clarendon Co., Godfrey & Tryon, no. 939 (G). GEORGIA: rather dry pine barrens near Pulaski, Bullock Co., Harper, no. 941 (G, NY, US); pine barren at Ways, Bryan Co., Eyles, no. 6419 (CU); moist pine barrens west of Ochmalkee, Montgomery Co., Harper, no. 1868 (G, NY, U 6 . PERPLEXA Britt. ex Small. Caespitose: leaves flat, .3 mm. high. oaay ee and Man. 184 (1933); Fernald, Ruopora, xl. 399 in central Tennessee; also in western Cuba and southern Domini- can Republic. VirGINIA: exsiccated argillaceous pond-hole in Chure woo: Fernald & Long, no. 8989 (G, P); wet peaty depression in pine- lands, 3-4 miles northwest of Waverly, Sussex Co., Fernald & 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 271 Long, no. 8115 (G, P); pond-hole in pine and oak woods near Three Creek, north of Emporia, Greensville Co., Fernald & Long, no. 9282 (G, P); in shallow water of flat pineland, Collier’s Yard, 214 miles south of oe Dinwiddie Co., Smith & Hodgdon in Pl. Exsic. Gray., no. 924 (CU, G, NY, P). Norrn CaROLINA: drained hast Bee ‘i nas east of Deleo, Columbus Co., Wiegand & Man no. 615 (G). SoutH CARo.LINa: common in savannas, ‘Bukiee Co., Aug. 4, 1884, J. D. Smith, (G, US); exsiceated pine-barren pond, 7 miles southeast from Columbia, Richland Co., Sept. 26, 1883, J. D. Smith (G, US). GEORGIA: swamp, Augusta, Richmond Co., Ruthbert, no. 343 (NY); gum-swamp along U. 8. Route 17, south of Ways, Bryan Co., Eyles, no. 6285 (CU); margin of pond, north of Ludowici, Long Co., Eyles, no. 6526 (CU); dry soil, Valdosta, Lowndes Co., May 27, 1940, Sargent (Sargent Herb. ); wet clay holes, 5 miles west of Tifton, Tift Co., Svenson, no. 7087 (G); shallow (now dry) spine-barren pond near Cobb, ‘Sumter Co., Harper, no. 1403 (G, NY, US); margin of pond in pine barrens, 7 miles north of Cordele, Dooly Co., Eyles, no. 2303 (CU). FLorIDA: Chapman, 2 (NY, TYPE); swam py places in pine barrens near Jackson- ville, Duval Co., Curtiss, no. 5178 (G, US); pinelands, Starke, Bradford Co., May, 1923, Wyman (N Y): prairies near Ft. Shackleford, Big Cypress, Lee Co., Small, Ho. Nig (NY); nite de Leon, Holmes Co., Curtiss, no. 6482 (G, Y, US). AaB pond, Elberta, Baldwin Co:, July 15, 1926, ey (StB); oe wet places, Mobile, Mobile Co., Mohr, no. 142 (US). MIssIssIPrt: Mississippi City, Harrison Co., Llo yd & Tracy, no. 379 (NY). TENNESSEE: wet open woods bordaaie a bog north of Man- chester, Coffee Co., Svenson, no. 9139 (CU, D, G, NY). Lovisi- ANA: in pine barrens near Mandeville, St. "Tammany Parish, May 1, 1893, Langlois (CU, Mo, P, US); Lake Charles, Caleasieu Parish, Tracy, no. 4882 (Mo, NY, US). TEXAS: in a pond three miles below Town Bluff, Tyler Co., Wright, no. 102 (G); ponds, Hempstead, Waller Co., Hall, no. 710 (G, type of R. microcarpa Baldw. ?var. achaeta Hall, nomen nudum; Mo, US, isotypes). Cusa: border of lagoon, vicinity of Pinar del Rio City, Pinar del Rio, Britton, Britton & Gager, no. 6962 (NY); banks of lagoon, El Punto, east km. 11 of road to La Coloma, south of Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 18262 (NY. This number cited by Kiikenthal as R. microcarpa A. Gray). Hispanroua: in the Rhexia belt, near Laguna de los Derramaderos, Sabana Guabatico, prov. Santo Domingo, Llana Costero, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 13320 (NY. Siac tip by Kiikenthal as R. microcarpa A. ray.). The description above differs in two important details from the original description which appeared in Small’s Flora of the 272 Rhodora [JULY Southeastern United States. The original reads: ‘‘perianth bristles 6” and “achenes biconvex.”’ In his Manual of the Southeastern Flora neither of these statements reoccur. I am inclined to believe that they were erroneously included in the original, probably due to a mixture in the material under study. The type-specimen is clearly R. perplexa as described above, the achene being extremely flat, not biconvex, and the bristles 1-3 and rudimentary. Series 12. Glaucae (Clarke), stat nov. Growing in marshy areas, grassy slopes, and open woodland of the West Indies (represented by &. californica in the coast ranges of northern California) ; also in Central and South America and warmer parts of the Old World. Caespitose, rarely depressed: leaves 1.5-3 mm. wide: culms slender to stout, stiffly erect or becoming flexuous: cymes compound or decompound, fasciculate; the branchlets rigidly erect and spreading or flexuous: spikelets sessile, 1-3- fruited: scales loosely imbricated: bristles equalling the achene or exceeding the tubercle, antrorsely serrulate: achenes broadly or slenderly pyriform, a shining yellow-brown or light brown; the surface alveoli reduced to longitudinal striae which are inter- cepted by transverse corrugations or vague and blurred rugulosi- ties: tubercle deltoid, compressed, often attenuated.—Rhyncho- spora, Series B. Diplostyleae, Sect. 5. Glaucae Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 106 (1900), in part. Key To Species 1n Serres GLAUCAE Tubercle deltoid-attenuate, well exceeded by the bristles: achene with the transverse rugulosities and fine striae blurred to often th. ene 1.4 mm. wide, 2 mm. long; scales caducous: species known only from the coast ranges of northern California. : 70. R. californica. Achene 1.2 mm. wide or less, 1.6 mm. long or less: scales per- t Indies. Habit coarsely erect: culms 0.6-1.4 m. high: fasciculate 1.6 mm. long : Habit depressed: culms 0.3-1.2 dm. high: fasciculate cymes decompound, small and congested, 1-1.5 em. wide wit achene corrugate ie te Oo yatinwre is ca Fo eLAK ES OS ak 73. R. rugosa. californica, sp. nov. Planta caespitosa: foliis 2-3 m. latis planis, apice triquetris; marginibus superioribus minutissime dentatis: culmis fere 1 m. longis trigonis tenuibus 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 273 2 cm. lato aut minus; ultimis glomerulis in ramulis brevibus tenuibus rigidisque gestis; fasciculis lateralibus minoribus; pedunculis longis ascendentibus: spiculis late ovatis, floribus tribus sed cum flore quarto terminali abortivo, dicarpis 4 mm. longis: squamis aristulatis, valde caducis: setis 6-7, antrorse hispidulis tuberculo longioribus basi latioribus et sparse plumo- sis: achaenio obovato lenticulari biconvexo obscure cing it lucido pallido obscure ruguloso 1.4 mm. lato 2 mm. longo: tuberculo attenuato-deltoideo 1 mm. alto. PLaTE 834, Frias. 1A and 1B; Map 60.— Marsh in the foothills of the coastal ranges of northern California. CALIFORNIA: Pitkin Marsh, 5 miles north a Peers he Sonoma Co., July 26, 1936, J. T. Howell, no. 9 (G, TrpE; CA, ISOTYPE), This fine new species was collected and sent to me for study by Mr. John Thomas Howell of the California Academy of Science. Its large pale achene rendered conspicuous by the caducous scales is unmistakable and unique among the species of the United States. The light yellowish surface with the faint blurred rugulosities recalls that of R. Marisculus Lindl. et Nees in Mart.; whereas the habit is slighter but not unlike that of R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale. In all probability, if the status of specimens which have been collected in Central and South America as well as in the warmer areas of the Old World and which have been identified as R. glauca (R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale), be given a much needed revision the relationship of R. californica to the Series Glaucae could be more clearly defined. 71. R. Mariscutus Lindl. et Nees. Coarsely caespitose: leaves 2-3 em. wide, stiffly ascending with attenuated, rae tear ee tips: culms stoutly ascending, 3-angled, leafy, 0. aes m. high: cymes fasciculate, 1-3, loosely decompound, wide, flexuous; axillary cymes on pet seorcth = Seabee spikelets lanceolate in outline, loosely organized, 1—4-flowered, 1—2-fruited, 5-6 mm. long: scales Siete aaetiinte: loosely overlapping, dark brown: bristles 6, upwardly serrulate, finely attenuated, irregularly ascending to spreading and contorted, well exceeding the tubercle in length: achene obovoid, sometimes slenderly so, biconvex with a depressed margin, light yellow- brown, 1-1. 2 mm. wide, 1.4-1.6 mm. long; the minute longi- tudinal striae and transverse rugulosities blurred: tubercle triangular-attenuate, compressed, 1.2-1.8 mm. long. Parte 835, Figs. 3A and 3B; Map 61.—Nees, Linnaea, ix. 297 (1835), bd nomen nudum; Kunth, ee ii. 303 (1837), cited as ‘Sp. mihi 274 Rhodora [JULY nonnisi nomini notae.’’; Nees in Mart., Fl. Bras. ii. pars 1: 142 (1842), first valid publication; Boeckeler, Linnaea, xxxvii. 590 (1873); C. B. Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 132 (1900), excl. syn. R. odorata C. Wright and R. jubata Liebm.; Britton & Wil- son, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 105 (1923); Kiken- thal, Fedde Rep. Spec. Nov. xxxii. 77 (1933). R. tenwiseta Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Acad. Ci. Habana, viii. 83 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 179 (1873). R. borinquensis Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xlii. 387 (1915); Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. 11. 200 (1916); Britton & Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 104 (1923). Dichromena Marisculus Macbride, Field Mus. valle; : , isotypes); wet soil among rocks in stream, Arroya del Medio above the falls, Oriente, alt. 450-550 m., Shafer, no. 3231 (NY); damp woods near sphagnum, Sierra Nipe near Woodfred, Oriente, alt. 450-550 m., Shafer, no. 3453 (NY); in thickets on path from Woodfred to Piedra Gorda, Sierra de Nipe, Oriente, Ekman, no. 15247 (US); La Prenda, Oriente, Hioram & Manuel, no. 4671 (NY). Hispanroua: silt flats, moist ground, Sabana Nueva, Lomas de la Mediania, San Juan, prov. de Agua, Cordillera Central, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 13601 (G, NY, US); on tembladera, in a laguna, Cuenca, Santo Do- mingo, Llano Costero, Santo Domingo, Ekman, no. 10982 (US). Puerto Rico: open wet places in forest, Sierra de Naguabo, Rio Icaco and adjacent hills, alt. 465-720 m., Shafer, no. 3515 (NY, type of R. borinquensis Britt.). R. jubata Liebm. was confused by C. Wright with his R. tenuiseta, and so continued on in the synonymy of R. Maris- culus by C. B. Clarke. I have examined a specimen of Liebman’s from 8. Antonio, Huatusco, which is the type-locality as given in Mexicos Halvgraes,' and believe it to represent a distinct species. It differs from R. Marisculus both in its pronounced lax, more tenuous habit, and in its achene, which is distinctly cencellate and rugulose, surrounded by six stiffly erect bristles that equal but do not exceed the tubercle in length. Proof of this opinion rests, however, on the examination of more Mexican material. An examination of the New York collections of R. Marisculus leads me to believe that R. borinquensis Britt. owes its existence 1 Ibid. 67 (1850). 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 275 to Britton’s mistaken application of the name R. Marisculus Lindl. et Nees to specimens of R. odorata Wright. 72. R. cacuminicola, sp. nov. Planta humilis caespitosa: foliis 1-2 mm. latis subcoriaceis leviter carinatis; apicem versus serratis triquetris, basi confertis, culmo brevioribus: culmis obtuse triangularibus 0.3—1.2 dm. ‘altis: cyma terminali decom- posita; ramulis brevibus rigide erectis vel ascendentibus fasciculis terminalibus parvis confertis; fasciculo laterali approximato; pedunculo ascendenti: spiculis lanceolatis 4-4.5 mm. longis 2-3-floris 1—-2-carpis sessilibus congestis: squamis acutis vel fere aristulatis ferrugineis margine erosis: setis 6-7, quam tubercu- lum multo longioribus antrorse hispidulis: achaenio pyriformi 0.9 mm. lato 1.1 mm. longo lenticulari biconvexo marginato luteo-castaneo, obsolete ee. pune compresso-subulato, attenuato, 1-1.2 mm. long PuaTE 835, Fics. 2A and 2B; Map 62.—Mar shy areas in ‘Cordillera Conteal of the Dominican Recublic Dominican Repusuic: in pratis paludosis in valle nuevo, prope Constanza, a 2200 m., June, 1910, Tiirckherm, no. 3417 (NY, Type). Von Tiirckheim’s specimen is accompanied by an annotation which implies that this species is only an alpine variety of R. glauca Vahl (R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale). That it is not a depressed form of R. rugosa, however, is attested by the achene which is smaller than that of the latter (0.9 mm. wide, 1-1.1 mm. long as opposed to 1.2-1.3 mm. wide, 1.5-1.7 mm. long), and only obscurely rugulose, with definite but short inconspicuous basal stipe. Also the tubercle of R. cacuminicola, unlike the short triangular tubercle of R. rugosa, is prolonged, with a subulate tip, and well exceeded by the bristles. Despite the depressed habit, the reduced stiffened inflores- cence and its original reference by von Tiirckheim to R. rugosa, R. cacuminicola seems more closely allied to R. Marisculus; for in the surface sculpturing of the achene, the comparative length of the bristles and the shape of the tubercle, its achene is to that of the latter species a faithful although much smaller copy. I have selected for this plant the epithet, cacuminicola, in order to signify its mountainous habitat, originally emphasized by von Tiirckheim. 73. R. rugosa (Vahl), comb. nov. Coarsely ay niga leaves 1.5-3 mm. wide, coarse, ascending to reflexed, ca inate, with trigonous serrated tips: culms eae i Poear erect, somewhat flexuous at the summit, leafy, 0.5-1.3 m. high: 276 Rhodora [Joy fasciculate cymes 1-3, strict, with stiffly erect or somewhat spreading branchlets, 1-2 cm. hig h: spikelets acutely ovoid, 4.5— 5 mm. long, sessile or subscale: scales ovate-aristate, rather loosely imbricate, ferruginous: bristles 6, upwardly serrulate, ascending or often divergent, equal to or slightly exceeding the tubercle: achene broadly pyriform, 1.2-1.3 mm. wide, 1.5~-1.7 mm. long, lenticular, biconvex, with depressed margins, glisten- ing yellow-brown; the longitudinal surface-striae obscured or nearly obliterated by the transverse broad, flattened, often pale corrugations; the thick persistent stipe 0. 3 mm. long: tubercle triangular-subulate, compressed, smooth or somewhat setulose at the base, 0.6-0.8 mm. long. PLaTe 835, rias. 1A and 1B; Map 63.—Schoenus rugosus Vahl, Eclog. Am. ii. 5 (1798). R. glauca Vahl, Enum. ii. 233 (1806); Boeckeler, Linnaea, xxxvil. 585 (1873); Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xi. 91 (1892), excl. syn. R. pungens Liebm.; Clarke in Urban, Symb. Ant. ii. 128 (1900), excel. syn.; Britton, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. ii. 199 See Britton & Wilso on, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Isl. v. 104 (1923); Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spee. Nov. xxiii. Behr (1926). R. glauca var. altior Kiikenthal, Fedde Rep. Spec. N xxxil. 77 (1933). R. gracilis pinks Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. I. 37 74 (1864), in part, and Cat. Pl. Cub 3 (1866), i in sea C. Wright in Sauvalle, Anal. Aead. Ci. Fahoke, vili. 84 (1871) and Fl. Cub. 179 (1873); non (Swartz) Vahl. Dichvomena glauca Macbride, Field Mus. Pub. Bot. iv. 166 (1929).—Mostly on damp open grassy slopes of the Greater Antilles, and of the Island of Domin- ica; also in South and Central America and Lower Mexico. Cusa: banks of small streams, Loma Ratones, Rio San Sebas- tian, La Cumbre, ges of San Juan y Martinez, Pinar del Rio, Ekman, no. 18062 (NY US). Jamaica: along the trail, Mt. ry, Mazon, no. 852 (US); in the morass, Pedro Morass, Upper Checadine alt. 3000 1; Harris, no. 11169 (G, NY, US); on wet eres Peckham, Upper Clarendon, alt. 2000 ft., Harris, no. 810 (G, N' , US); amongst grasses in wet hillside pastures, Trov, alt. 2000 ft, Harris, no. 12590 (G, NY, US). HispaNioLa: eruptive ee Haut-Piton, Port-de-Paix, Massif du Nord, Haiti, alt. 800 m., Ekman, no. 4638 (G, NY, US); Petit Borgne to Mt. Casse, Haiti, alt. 200 ft., Nash, no. 558 (NY); grassy mountain trail to Citadel, vicinity of Dondon, Depart. du Nord, Haiti, alt. 400 m., Leonard, no. 8643 (US); grassy summit of mountain east of willage, vicinity of Marmelade, Depart. du Nord, tee alt. 800 m., Leonard, no. 8241a (US); pineland, gunas de Cenobi, Moncion, Monte Cristi, Cordillera Central, Santo Domingo, c. alt. 1100 m., Ekman, no. 12762 (NY, US). gr te Rico: in re Las Mesas, near Mayaguez, alt. 350 , Holm, no. 64 (CU), Aguada, Sintenis, no. 5742 (US); in euininia. Lares, Sintenis, no. 5901 (G, US): low ground bac 1944] Gale,—Rhynchospora, Section Eurhynchospora 277 of Catano, Heller, no. 6410 (CU, NY, US); road from Rio Piedras to Trugillo alto, Hioram, no. 806 (NY, US); Cidra, Feb. 28, 1928, Perkins (NY); on rock by falls in river, Rio Teaco and adjacent hills, Sierra de Nasal, Shafer, no. 3534 (NY, US). Dominica: common in cleared pasturelands on deep rich soils of Milton Estate, ca. alt. 530 m., Hodge & Hodge, no. 2608 (G).. Sourn AMERICA: America Meridionali,! Rohr in Vahl Herb, (G, TyPE- PHOTO). The species, Schoenus rugosus, was published with full descrip- tion by Vahl in his Eclogae Americanae, ii. 5 (1798). However, when, in the Enumeratio Plantarum of 1806, he transferred the species to Rhynchospora, he unfortunately chose to give it a new name, and it appeared as R. glauca. The old name, Schoenus rugosus, was then given in synonymy, accompanied by the original description and citation, ‘‘ Habitat in America meridi- onali. von Rohr’’. Since the specific name, rugosa, is available for use under Rhynchospora, the new combination R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale takes precedence over R. glauca Vahl. The range of this species has been generally given as warmer regions of both hemispheres. However, the specimens from the East Indies and adjacent continental lands which have been commonly identified as R. glauca, are not, I believe, conspecific with the authentic R. glauca Vahl (R. rugosa (Vahl) Gale) of the West Indies, Central and South America. Although these Asiatic plants are closely related to and have the same general aspect as R. rugosa—the coarse growth and strict, compound fascicles with mainly ascending, sessile spikelets in small ultimate clusters—their achenes are larger, more nearly orbicular rather than pyriform, and the surface of the achene is generally casta- neous, pitted, and finely ridged, without the prominent yellowish band-like corrugations which characterize the achenes of R. rugosa. The Gray Herbarium isotype of Liebman’s? R. pungens, Mira- dor, July, bears the annotation R. glauca Vahl followed by Brit- ton’s initials. The specimen itself is fragmentary and the surface details of the mature achenes are obscured by what appears to be an unnatural whitish coating. However, careful examination seems to indicate that the achenes are normally cancellate to 1 Probably along the coast of sper or of French or Dutch Guiana. See La- marck, Eneyel. Meth, Bot. viii, 754 (180 ? Mexicos Halvgraes, 65 (1850 278 Rhodora [JULY nearly smooth, with only a suggestion of transverse rugosity. In addition, the tubercle is plainly spongy and tongue-shaped rather than strongly compressed and triangular-subulate. If these observations can be confirmed through better material, R. pungens, although closely related to R. glauca, will retain its specific status. INDEX New scientific names are printed in full-face type Cephaloschoenus, 91 Ceratoschoenus, 91 Cladium, 90 Cyperaceae, 91, 92, 95, 97, 246 ca elisa 94; 102; alba, 121; , 245; distans, 191; gla auca, 276: "Miceiclen: @ Eleocharis, 119; tuberculosa, 92 ees 101, 102; album, 121, var. macrum, 124; axillare, 108, Baldwinii, 181; brachychae tum, ; caducum, 261; capillaceum, 8, dod um, 228; Earlei, 233; fasciculare, 189; fili- folium, 174; fuscum, 170; glomera- “ , var. minus, 115; gracilen- tum, 183 yi, 231; inexpansum, ; intermedium, 1 Knie- skernii, 126; leptorhynchum, 179; microcarpum, 266; miliaceum, 257; mixtum, 262; fe hy 166; pa- tulum, 266; perplexum, 270; Plankii, 233; * Seorereeh: 131; pro- liferum, 262; punctatum, 238; rariflorum, 08; schoenoides, 265; sed Ste stipitatum, 9; m, 269 Pleargiath ya. 2 Beal Sect. ii. Pauci-Nucigerae, Rhynchospora, subg. Diplostylis, 92, 102; subg. Distylis, 102; subg. 1a 7 munes, 102; ii. Dichostvlewe 102; V. Glomeratae, 104, 169, 177, 207, 36, 255; I. Pusillae, 134; § Euriochaete, 128; sect. Eurhyn- Hg ink 89, 91 1-93, 95, 101, 102, sp 4, > Eu-Rhynchospora, 102, Divi Eu-Rhynchospora, Sect. ill. andl 227; ser. B. Diplostyleae, sect. 3. 104, 255; ser. Cernuae, 93, se 2 98, 100, 103, 211, 220; ser. Ghapm ae, 100, 103, , 159; ser Cubenses s, 100, 103 at se Fasciculares, 1(3, 177, 178; ser. ] 1 ( ( ser. Glomeratae, 95, 99, 100, 103° 104; ser. Harveyae, 99, 100, 104, 227: ser. Plumosae, 99, 100, 103, 128; ser. Rariflorae, 100, 103, 207; group Capitatae, 92, 94; group Communes, 92; group Corymbosae, 94; group Longiros ostres, 92; alba a, 170, f. laeviseta, 123, var. macra, 95, 121, 124, 125, var. —— 12: : axillaris, 1¢ i , var. cephala, 95, 1 06; bahaimensis, 23; i 178, 181, pl. 25: Berterii, re aoe” 164, 165; Pa us ie i brachy- leptocarp ar. mino 5; yi aah a 91, 105, 107-109, 111, 119, 120, var. attenuata, 108, 110, 120, f. controversa, 110, 121 _ 98, 108, 111, 120, pl. 818, 2 oF INDEX f. antrorsa, 109, 121; cephalotes, y 212, 214, 2 chalarocephala, 105, 111, 130, ay 18; Chapmanii, * 102, 132, 159, . 821; ciliaris, 00, oe 237, 239, of oe nies, 215, pl. 827; seg 93, 96, 1 4-227 8 st 5, 236, reg tl pl. ope Sytem, 95, ; de l. 826; distans, 89, 95, 162, 177, Be 193, , 230, 232, 247, at r. B. fascicularis, 188, pected 192, var. y. gracillima, » var. microcarpa, 176, 177, var. tenuis, 187; di gens, 165; phyla, hoides, 194, 196, var. typic 03, 162, 186, . ae, oes 196, oo 8 825; 103, 132, 178, 182, ae 620; fibrillosa, 216; filifolia, 91, 4; fuscoides, 95, 132, 169, 170, 175-177, p « O22; » Var. Po asia 239, ’ ’ 244, 245, 248, pl. 831; glomerata, 89, 91, 105, 112. 113, is, 116, 119, 247, var. angusta, 113, 114, i var. discutiens, Bs "1 9, i dosed oy 115, var. minor, 95, f controversa, 119, diseutien, 119, paniculata, 113; B: robustior, 113, var. typica, 113-115, 120, pl. 819; agracilenta, 91, 95, 177- 179, 183-186, Oe $26, var. diversifolia, rea gracillima, 164, 185, 187; o aailis 3, 179, 245, 266, 276; Gra ayana, 125, 126, 168; Grayii, 91, 92, 117, 118, 126, 186, 228, 230, 232, pl. 829; ‘1738, pl. 823; 824, en ar. evict "179; rh yee ona 93, 95, 2 2, 27 219, 222, 223, 5.156, 218 oe, neler 223, 224, pl. 827, 269; microcarpa, 91, 104, 2 255, 256, 259, 266, 268, 271, pl. 832, 91, 93, 96, 97, 104, 239, 255, 257, 3; mixta, 256, 259, 262- , 2; ?monostachya, 92; multiflora, 91, 265; nipensis, 186, 211, 212, "O15, pl. 826; uda, 99, 7 , 132, 159, mT 168, pl penniseta, 93, 131; 255, 256, 259, 266, 270, 272, pl. 832; a ai INDEX ill pineticola, 130; pinetorum, 248, 249; Plankii, 233; pleiantha, 132, 170, 171, 172, pl. 823: plumosa, 90, 91, 93- 95, 97, 128, 131, 132,: pl. 820, var. intermedia, 130; : prolifera, 62, 263; pruinosa, 93, 97, 186, 211, 212, 221, pl. 826; punctata, 90, 236, 238, 330.) pl. 530; pungens, 276- 215; pyenocarpa, 91, 92, 228-230; ’ Randii, 220, 221; Rappiana, 160, 161; rari riflora, 90, 93, 103, 186, 207, 210, 211, pl. 828; rugosa, 93, 239, 272, 273, 276, 277, pl. 835; saxiools, 236, 238-240, pl. 830; scabrat ata, 9 0, var a, 132, 159, 162. 20; solitaria, 96, 132, 134, 159, 161-164; sparsa, 89, 91, 96, 257; stenophylla, 165, 186, 207, 210, 211, 219, 220, var. albescens, 219; stenophylloidea, 96, 186, 224-226, pl. 828; stipitata, 259; sulcata, 100, 236, 239, 240-242, 1. 831; ithe, 93, 99, 100, 186, 268, 269, pl. 834, var., 268, v. microthyncha, 266, 268; ahader: 194, 196; tha phylla, 183, 185; Wrightiana, 163, 165, 178, 185-188, 195, 196, 825 Rhynchosporeae, 94, 102 Rhynchosporoideae, 246 Sire 89, 90, 246, sts 2 albus, 21; axillaris, 108; tatus, 90; caitlin 115-1195 ater 90, 90, ’ 245-248; donates 191-193, 231, 32; fascicularis, 118, 188, 192, 193; sp Scirpus, 90, 119; leptolepis, 92; poly- phyllus, 246-248; schoenoides, 91, 265 Triodon, 101: albus, 121, var. macer, 124; eapillaceus, 126; glomeratus, 1138 ae Rhodora S.G del, RuYNC ees CHALAROCEPHALA! FIG achene, « 20, . 1A, portion of inflorescence, 2; Fic. 1B R. c APILLA ACEA: FIG. 2A, portion of ger gees ance, . 2; FIG er ac hene, x 20 R. MICROCEPHALA: FIG. £ 2 of i x 2: ria. 3B, a¢ rg ene, X 20. R. CEPHAL ANTHA var. TYPIC A: a 9, Shaina ot eoreatons; xX 2: 1B, achene, aD. x 20. Plate 818 Plate Plate 819 S, G, del, tHYNCHOSPORA GLOMERATA Var. TYPICA: FIG. 1A, portion of inflorescence, X 2; FIG. LB, achene, 20. R. KNIeSKERNII: FIG. 2A, portion of rangers gsi X 2: FIG. 2B, achene, X 20. R. CAPITELLATA: FIG. 3A, inflorescence, X 2; 3B, ac he ane, X 20. R. ALBA: FIG. 4A, portion of nab strated x 2: pity 4B, achene, X 20. Pl Rhodora Plate 820 Pe S. G. del. tHYNCHOSPORA SOLA! FIG, 1A, inflorescence, X 2: FIG. 1B, achene, * 20 t. PLUMOSA: FIG. 2A, inflorescence, X 2: FIG. $ . R. MAcCRA: FIG. 3A, portion of inflorescence, < 2; FIG. 3B, ac shene, x 20. R. sivas i. FIG. 4A, inflorescence 2; FIG. x 20. Rhodora Plate 821 ‘ i) \ 3 Wye we wi TS w NAY ye i hia Mu” iil big il ve S. G. del, RHYNCHOSPORA NUDA: FIG, LA. inflorescence. X 2; ric. 1B, achene. X 20. R. OLIGANTHA, var. TYPICA: FIG, 2A, inflorescence, 2; FIG. 2B, achene, X 20. ) R. OLIGANTHA. Var. BREVISETA: FIG, 2C. achene, & 20. R. CHAPMANTI: FIG. 3A, inflorescence, 2; FIG, 3B, achene., x 20 R. PALLIDA: FIG. 4A, inflorescence, x 2; FIG. 4B, achene, 20. Rhodora Plate 822 S.G. del. RHYNCHOSPORA BRACHYCHAETA: FIG. 1A, portion of inflorescence, X 2; F1G. 1B, achene, 20 R. crurarts: ria. 2A, inflorescence, X 2; FIG. 2B, achene, X oe R. FILIFOLIA: FIG. 3A, inflorescence, X 2; FIG. 3B, achene, x 20. R. sourrarta: F1G. 4A, inflorescence, X 2; FIG. 4B, achene, X 20. ~ ” ee R. Fuscorpss: Fa. 5A, inflorescence, X 2; FIG. 5B, achene, X 20. Rhodora Plate S.G. del, RuyYNCHOSPORA HarPERtI: FIG. 1A, inflorescence, aa 2: ric. 1B, achene, X 20. R. CRINIPES: FIG. 2A, portion of —— scence, X 2; r1G. 2B, achene, X 20. R. Curtissi: ric. 3A, inflorescence, * 2; FIG. 3B, ac chene, en R. PLEIANTHA: FIG. 4A, portion of indloncodente, x 2; PER, achene, X 20. 823 = Rhodora Plate 824 S.G. del. > > 9) RHYNCHOSPORA LEPTORHY NCHA: FIG. 1A, coos ny . 1B, achene, X 20. R. rusca: Fig. 2A, portion of oie reste: X 2; Fic. 2B, “achene, X 20. R. GaGERI: FIG. 3A, inflorescence, X 2; 3B, ac rahene, 20. R. JOVEROENSIS: FIG. 4A, portion of sot Selecta < 2: Fic. “4B, achene, X 20. Rhodora Plate 825 S.G. del. . ae Sé )- FIG. RHYNCHOSPORA FASCICULARIS, Var. TYPICA: FIG. 1 A, portion of inflorescence, X 2; FI 1B, —— P . ‘eS 7 . . ~ . € ‘ . > » 4 = R. Saxicoa: Fig. 3A, portion of inflorescence, X 2; FIG. 3B, achene, x 20. R. OBLITERATA: FIG, 4A, portion of inflorescence, X 2; ric. 4B, achene, 20. Rhodora Plate 831 ri 2 @ SS232: oe Seces, SS e=4 es SS