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Rec'd April 15th

Ans. Od Conifer Grussü

San Francisco 19/3 1864

Dr George Engelmann St. Louis

Werthgeschätztes Herr!

Ihr Schreiben von 23 Jan. habe ich erhalten und gestern auch Ihre Abhandlungen
Erlauben Sie mir Ihnen hiermit meinen verbindlichsten Dank abzustatten.

Gestern acht Tage machte ich in Ihren Interesse oder vielleicht in der Interesse
der Wissenschaft einan Ausflug nach Tomales um Ihnen das nöthige Material zu
anschaffen. Am 15^^" April gehe ich nördlich, hoffentlich um die Ausbeute eine Reise
was in meinen Kräfte steht mache ich thun um Ihnen das Nöthige zu verlassen. Im
herbst mache ich Ihnen eine Sammlung Calif Pflanzen anschicken und zwar mit
diejenigen welche ich Given hall III., Beck und ein Herrin Wilmington, Del. schicken
werde.

Auf Vollständigkeit wird jedachte Sammlung keinen Anspruch machen; sie soll
nur ein Anfang sein. Mit der grössten Bereitwilligkeit werde ich Ihren Wünschen zu
entsprechen suchen. Für den Pflanzen die ich Ihnen im Laufe von Zapfen zu schicken
beabsichtige, beanspruche ich nur die Duplikaten. Ihre Gräser sonst möchte ich Sie
nicht belästigen. Die anderen genannten Herren werden wir genug schicken, vielleicht
mehr als ich Jetzt in meinen kleinen Räume aufbewahren kann. Hier ist viel Arbeit, sehr
viel Arbeit, so viel dass ich nur an' s Sammeln denken dienst, und es freut mich herzlich,
dass sie ein Mitarbeiter geworden sin; hoffentlich werden Sie es bleiben und später hier
auf anderen Familien Ihre Aufmerksamkeit schenken. Eine solche spezielle
Aufmerksamkeit verdienen unsere Leguminosen, besonders Lupinus und Cladastris.
Leguminosen und Compositeen bilden den haupttheil aus der Pflanzen reich. Die
Eichen sind ebenfalls noch sehr im Unklaren. Prof Brewer hat ein sehr reichhaltiges
Material gesammelt.

Ich werde ebenfalls thun was in meiner Kräften steht.

Ja, ich bin ein Deutscher, geboren in Schlüchtern, Kur-Hessen. Ich wanderte in
meinem 15th Jahr aus und lebte eine kurze Zeit in Louisville, Ky und dann in Columbus,
OH. Dort werde ich mit Herr Lesquere ux bekannt und durch ihn bin ich zur Botanik
bekehrt werden. Er war mein nächsten Nachbar für 13 Jahren und ein guter, treuer

Freund. Anfangs hatte ich die unglücf<liche Idee Theologie zu machen, ging aber
schliesslich zum Schulfache über

Herr Professor Brewer besitzt eine Sammlung in seiner Heimath von den hier
gesammelten wird ihm wohl ein Theil zufallen müssen davon die Plan fugt eine Flora
Calif herauszugeben, sobald er seine Professur angetreten hat.

Professor Brewer schickt seine Pflanzen auf's Staats Kosten und so wurden Sie
auch sein und meine Material dies Mal erhalten, ich übergab ihn gestern ein Bund und
in wenigen tage sollen noch anderen folgen.

Diesen Jahr wird es mir kaum möglich sein, Pflanzenzum Verkaufen herzurichten
weil ich noch nicht mit den Nöthigen versehen bin. Herr Prof Gray rieth mir ebenfalls es
zu thun. Meine Anstellung gibt mir nur wenig freie Zeit und mit Pflanzen von unsere
unmittelbare Nähe könnte der Liebhaber wenig gedient sein.

Unsere Gesellschaft hat ein Herbarium aber es ist in einen gräulichen Zustande:
keiner wäre ebenso gut. Es fehlen die Mittel und Leute darauf zu achten. Dr Kellogg
hat ebenfalls keine; er arbeitet auf das Geratewohl, daher die unseligen ud
unverzeihlichen Fehler die er begeht.

Prof Graz bearbeitet alle Pflanzen mit weigen Ausnahme für die Great Survey

Rec'd April 15 1864 2.

Sollte es Ihnen möglich sein Gray's Plantae Wrightianae zu verschaffen, so wäre
es mir sehr lieb; in Bezug auf die P.R.R.Reprots möchte ich nicht dasselbe sagen da
unsere Gesellschaft ein vollständiges Exemplar zu Verfügung gestellt worden ist.

In Vire Frankreich korespondiere ich mit einem gewissen Lenormeux in Namen
unser Gesellschaft- Dieser Herr hat unsere Gesellschaft mit Europa Pflanzen beschänkt
aber dafür noch wenige erhalten. Man hat stets versprochen aber es fand sich niemand
der die Arbeit übernahm. Um nun die Ehre unser gesellschaft zu retten habe ich es
übernommen seine Wünsche zu befriedigen.

Unser Freund, Dr. Behr erlitt durch das Tod seiner Frau einer schrecklichen
Verlust. Er und seine Kinder befinden sich wohl. Seine Liebhaberei trägt viel dazu bei
seiner Schmerz zu lindern: er ist unermüdlich.

Mit Hochachtung und herzlichen grüsse

Ihre ergebenen

Henry N. Bolander

P.S. Es wäre mir liebe wenn Sie mir die grasen und Cypressen bald zuschicken
könnte, besonders die Stipae, da ich diesen Familien jetzt besondere Aufmerksamkeit
schenke.

Wünschen Sie auch Moosen, Flechten?

ich lege Ihnen eine kleine Pflanze bei, die ich am Ufer der Clear Lake entdeckte, prof
Graz gab ihn den Nahmen Cyperus Bolanden

Rec'd April 15th

Ans. Oct. 6^^ Conifer Greetings!

San Francisco Marcfi 19 1864

Dr George Engelmann St. Louis

Esteemed doctor!

I received your letter ofJanuary 23rd and yesterday also the reprints. Allow me to
express my wärmest thanks for these.

Eight days ago yesterday I took a trip to Tomales in your orperhaps I should say
the interest ofscience in order to get the materials you wanted. I travel north on April
15^^ in the hope ofgetting whatyou want and also that my strength will sufficient. I will
get you a collection of California plants when the fall comes and also similar one for
Given Hall III., Beck and a gentleman in Wilmington, Del.

This collection will not be complete; rather to be seen as a beginning. I am fully
prepared to try to satisfy your wishes. In regards to plants with cones can I only promise
duplicates. I cannot satisfy your wishes for grasses in any other way. We will send
enough to the other gentlemen I mentioned, perhaps more than I now can keep in my
small quarters. Here is much to do, so much that I can only think of the collecting. I am
very happy that you are a coworker and I hope you will remain as such and later devote
your attention to other plan f amilies. Special attention should be devoted to our
Leguminosae, especially Lupinus and Cladastris. Leguminosae and Compositae make
up the major part of our plants. The oaks remain somewhat uncertain in their
Classification. Prof Brewerhas collected a lot of diverse material..

In any case I will do what my strength allows me.

Yes, I am a German, born in Schlüchtern, in Kur-Hessen. I emigrated when I was
15 and lived a Short time in Louisville, KYand later in Columbus, OH. There I made the
acquaintance of Mr Lesquereux and was by him turned on to botany. He was my
dosest neighbor for 13 years and a good and trustworthy friend. In the beginning I had
the unfortunate idea of going into theology but later made it into the teaching profession.

Professor Brewer has a collection at home of plants found here and that makes
the foundation for his idea of Publishing a Flora California as soon as his Professorship
is established.

Professor Brewer sends his collections at the expense of the State and your will
be sent the same way this time. I sent him a collection yesterday and more will follow in
a few days.

It will not be possible this year to collect enough plants for resale as I myselfdo
not have enough of the essential ones. Prof Gray advises me to do it anyway My
employment here gives me little free time and the enthusiast would hardly find plants
from this area enj'oyable.

Our Society has a herbarium but it is in terrible shape: it would be better to have
none. We lack the means and the people to do anything about it. Dr. Kellogg has also
nothing: he works at random which may explain the soulless and inexcusable errors he
commits. Prof Graz works on all kinds of plants for the Great Survey

Rec'd April 15 1864 2.

It would make me very happy ifyou could get me a copy
of Gray's Plantae Wrightianae. I cannot say the same in regard to the P.R.R.Reports as
Our Society has obtained a complete edition.

My current French correspondence for our Society includes a certain Lenormeux.
This gentleman has showered us with European plants but received little in exchange.
He has always been promised such but there was nobody to do the work. In order to
uphold the honor of our society I have taken upon myself to satisfy his wishes.

Our friend Dr. Behr suffered a terrible loss with the death ofhis wife. He and his
children are healthy. His hobbies are helping him through his pain: he is indefatigable.

With highest regards and kind greetings

Affectionately yours

Henry N. Bolander

P.S. I would be most pleased ifyou could send me the grasses and cypresses soon,
especially the feather grasses. I am currently giving extra attention to these f amilies.

Do you also want mosses and lichens?

I am sending you a small plant which I found at the shores of Clear Lake. Prof Graz
gave it the name Cyperus Bolanden

MiSsouRi B:.

Copyright reserved

Bolander, Henry N.
186^, August 2kth
San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, August 2k, l86k

Dr. George Engelmann St. Louis
Dear Sir:

Already in May I gave Prof* Brewer various packages to be sent to
you, however, since I have not heard from you yet, I do not know whether
they reached their place of destination. Last week I sent you by mail two
packages, one containing California mosses and the other containing Pinus
monophylla from the Nevada territory, collected by Mr. Lelsom. Even though
they were not well preserved and imperfect, I still sent them. This spring
I also collected ' Pinus ponderosa & Lambertiana & Sabiniana . Everything
I gave Prof. Brewer. As far as I know, the things were sent to Prof. Gray
first. Up to now there was great confusion with regard to various species.
Pinus Sabiniana and P. Goulteri are really different; and in a local seed
collection I was shown seeds and cones which, however, are different. The
latter I have not found yet. Pinus tuberculata and Pinus cinsignio , both
put together in the report of the P.B.B, are also reraarkably different in
their cones. The first I found here in the vicinity and in City and

also near Santa Cruz. I collected them in these three areas as complete as
possible at the time.

You are kind to always draw my attention to what I overlooked.

Prof. Brewer wrote me on July 5th from Visalia that he found a new
species in the mountains there. This grows on considerable heights together
with P. florilis ; it is, however, not larger than P. flexilis .

The gentlemen will return end of this month and in Oc tober Prof. Brewer
will go East in order to assume his position as professor.

In the course of the coming winter, I shall send you a small collection
of plant s.

With best greetings,

Sincerely,

Henry N. Bolander

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Bolander, Henry N.
1865, August 15th
San Francisco, Calif •

Translation

San Francisco, August 15th, I865

Dear Doctor,

Your letter of June 26th makes me assume that you have not received
my answer to your previous letter, and, apparently, my small packages have
not arrived either. However, I am not worried, since up to now everything
has reached its place of destination.

In April I collected in the sierras a Gallitridu? in a spring near Aubrun;
I also found the sarae in the water troughs on the way to Forest Hill, with
swimraing little broad leaves. The ones under water were always long and
very swift. With the next steam boat I shall send you these, together
with other plants from the same area.

The flowering oak branches you will also have received?

If you like bulb plants, I could easily obtain bulbs for you. I planted
several and they developed splendidly, only the 3-^ different species of
Cyclobrottus? were an exception up to now, and these are just especially
beautiful*

Works West Greek, Tamal Pais, not Pass as Bigelow states, are areas well
known to me which I visit frequently. I shall watch it closely and collect
intensively. My Ohara No. 5 is from the foot of the Tamal Pais (or table mountains
of the Americans). What do you think of it? In my opinion it is a very beautiful
species.

The Short paper concerning Ohara I also received and thank you for it.

From your Information, I gather that you are interested in all Californian
plants. Good, I shall also send you the lichens. Prof. Tuckerman is very
happy about the stränge forms.

Ask me any favors without hesitation; I shall be glad to do everything
I am to do. Yes, I am glad to have found people who are interested in this
and are useful to science.

Our gardeners buy raostly from Australia. These plants eeem to grow here
best, and in fact, there is already a large selection. The gardens actually
have an Australian character: Eucalyptus Aeaein, Swansonia etc. have already
reached a considerable height and thickness. Of course, I should not fail to
omit that the conifers are also strongly represented. Actual botanical gardens
do not exist here, up to now the usefulness is of main importance.

Copyright reserved

-2-

Dr. Sehr is still here and does not know himself when he will leave, since
this is not a good time to seil«

It is true that I met the old gentleman Dr. Torrey; he is kindness itself.
He never rests, always wanders off to distant and curious places. He visited
Glear Lake, New Almaden Quicksilver mines, Yosemite Falls, Santa Barbara Goal
oil fields, Reese River in Nevada, taking with him every everywhere the
inevitable plant paper. He will have to teil you a great deal.

I thank you in advance for the shipment of books. You raake rae feel
ashamed and I have to be very diligent so that I shall not be found suspicious
of ungratefulness.

My best wishes to you and let me hear from you soon*

Your obedient friend,
Henry N. Bolander.

P.S. Hall, Bebb and Canley gave me many presents. The western part of the
Mississippi Valley is not represented very much.

/

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Bolander, Henrv N.

1865,, August 22nd
San Francisco, Call f.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, August 22nd, I865

Dear Doctor,

Your letter of July 5rd reached me within two days. I shall again collect
Ohara and I hope to send these with fruit s to your friend. I shall continue to
collect the oak seeds in question in large quantities. Since you are so interesed
in this matter, I shall see whether I may be able to determine the limits of the
various species.

It is, of course, understood that I shall include the conifers, since the
Situation is similar.

Virburnuin species do not exist here, and I believe not anywhere in California.
Of Cornus species, I saw four 1)C. Nuttaliii , a wonderful species, jewel in cur
forests and would be a great Ornament to any parks or grounds, 2) C. puchescens
Nutt. is found here quite often; it is a large shrub of great size with sometimes

white berries; 3) Cornus ? may be stricta, at least it looks very much

like it. I found it frequently on creek shores in the northern coastal mountains,
also 27 miles aouth of here near my pond at Searsville.

And at this point I remember that we have a fourth species and ^ collected
this myself this spring in the Sierra. C. sepilis Torr. This is also a high shrub.
Since I have a friend there, I might be able to obtain for you the hitherto un-
known fruit of this species; since I hope to collect the fruit of the first three
species mentioned this Fall.

I al -eady had a friend collect Jur. ? tinctoria near Geyersville.
I called the oak Moribus because it looked in every way like the one which
I collected at Clear Lake, however, it did not have serrated leaves. After all,
those serrated leaves are a special occurrence; they remind me very much of my
grafted tree. Dr. K. must have had such branches. The whole matter makes it
desirable that I should go to his locality in order to lock at the matter more
closely .

Cur J.? e^rifalis is always green, never without leaves, and I could not
even detect a diminishing. Its foliage (here ) is unusaally thick. Whether this
is the result of the fog and humidity, I do not know. The other is just the
opposite (light, sprace foliage) and at least here and there, with crenated

marginal leaves, easily discernible, even strikingly marked.

-2-

The shrub-oak is also to be found as a small branch on the third ridge of the
Oakhills and this, with the one I sent you, could give us the Solution, since
here we would have the transitions in the nearest vicinity. On the Tamal Pais
I also found the serrated (Norchus) as a form of branch. I shall watch everything
closely and send you a report in time.

Dr. Torrey left again on the löth for the East.

My sincerest thanks for the Ohara shipment.

With best greetings,

Your obedient

Henry N. Bolander.

Dr. Oooper informed me that he had found the third Cornus species frequently in
Washington and that it is listed among his plants. The wide ränge of distribution
from North to South at this West Ooast is stränge; however, may easily be
explained by the so very similar climates.

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Bolander, Henry N.
1865, October 19th
San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, October 19th, IS65

Dear Friend,

I had just mailed my letter when your kind letter of Sei^tember 21st arrived.
I am very sorry that you waited so long in vain, but even with my best intentions
I am not always able to be punctual. Also, tliese small requests require more
work than necessary; let rae explain. As long as Prof. Brewer was ;here, I also
collected plant seeds (however not of the same oaks) and transferred them
regularly at the end of the year to his collection with the express proviso
to send you the ones you like best (also at a tirae when I was in correspondence
with you) • This and many other things were not done and I have to go again
in the fields which I already exploited extensively. Another reason which
made it difficult to be in time was the great mess the herbarium of our society
was in. The things one wanted, one certainly did not find. Only some months
ago I received a large case and other things to create some order. Now I work
as much as I can to sort the things. This long talk is to apologize for my
delay. I shall put into this letter as much as I can, the rest, however, in your
box. I still found another specimen of Ohara N o. 2, whicrh was collected not
far frora here and I shall try to make an excursion to that place in order to
possibly obtain better material.

Among one of the specimens of Gall. from Rapier River ^'I found a piece of
Ohara and I reraember very well that they were numerous, however, I did not
collect them since I did not know.anybody who would deterraine them and because
I hoped to be able to botanize there frequently.

The paper about the oaks has reached me, 1 believed I had already
mentionted it — ray sincerest thanks.

Mersiles I saw only one part of it; it was collected near Marysville
and was sent to us in a letter. It might be possible to obtain this J)lant
through the same kind hand. I shall try. Of Lavetis I hardly found any trace.

For mosses and lichens I had my people and very good ones, people who were
concerned with oaks and followed up the smallest details — consequently I shall
study everything very carefully. Furtkermore, I have a special liking for these.
However, how are we standing with Lelazinellen , Marsiles , Isoctes, Ohara ?
Who can give an explanation? Should I have experts here, the matter would
be different. You may replv: a botanist must collect everything and observe
everything, and I agree with you entirely, but he can't do everything at
same time, otherwise the interesting ones get lost.

With regard to aquatic and bog plants, California is very poor. The
entire condition of the soll and the climate is highly unfavorable for
their existence. Cur streams, rivers, ponds, Springs etc. stream, tear, drop,
drive with power everything in them or become sandy, dry up. Therefore, as
far as larger plants are concerned, you very seldom find anything but
willows and very often not even those. Gravel covers the broad beds and
only here and there is a puddle khich contains water to last until the
next rain period. Extensive swamps are only where the water as dammed by
sand — and these are hopeless as far as Vegetation is concerned. Swamps on
mountain ridges are rare, I have seen 2-5 and they contained nothing. How
hard have 1 looked for peat mossl — California has a peculiar nature and
character — cannot be compared at all with with the East or with Germany.

Let me know what you want well in advance, then in most cases I should
be able to do something. There is much to do— very much — and as far as
circumstances allow I shall do my best. I enjoy and love my work even if
sometimes I have to make great sacrifices.

With friendly greetins,
Yours,

Bolander

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Bolander, Henry N.
1866, January 29th
San Francisco, Call f.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, January 29th, I866

Dear Doctor,

I could not answer your kind letter of November 24th, I865 until today
since I have been so very busy in the meantime that I almost began to despair»
Dr. Gray wrote rae to let him have all specimens I could dispense with. This
work is now finished.

■^'^ Q^grcus falcatus is not among ray speciments, I shall obtain these
through Dr. Canfield in Montana«

Callitrichen , Ohara , Nitella. . I shall take notice of what you said about
these. Especially, I shall try to collect as completely as possible the first
one mentioned. Should Prof. Whitney send me into the field, as he said he
would, I could do so much more for you.

Nuphar I saw recently in a small lake 2 miles from here. As soon as the
time ±ß right I shall look again.

The largest part of the Originals of Kellogg' s are deposited here. I also
saw his oak. The specimen is from a tree from the shore of Lake Borax. His
description is based on a terminal branch which, if separated, from the rest,
could make a new species. In Anderson Valley there are many trees with leaves
with the sarae characteristics, but also many whlch are mixed jiist as found
at Lake Borax. Sometimes I had the idea it might be a variety of ^u. Agrifol^z^ia
and 2u. Lonomensis , since it is exactly in the middle in almost every connection.
In any event, it is necessary to find out whether £u. Morelsus throws off its
leaves. Trees with leaves which correspond exactly with his specimen and J|ia
description showed some indication of throwing off their leaves. This Valley
offers the best opportunity to clarify this matter.

Pinns Murrayana was mentioned by Mur^y in his notes about Oalifornia
trees. These were sent to us.

The sea being so close might be the reason for the late blooming of
Oast. chryäophylla . It was no mistake and the specimens s.'hould have been
received by you now.

I do not have a doctor* s title. People here are very generous with any
kind of title and so it might have happened that somenone mentioned that I
have one.

-2-

I shall obtain the seeds you requested; I believe both are
available here.

I thank you very much for your Information concerning Gabarium.

Should there be grants made for the continuation of the survey, I shall
devote all my time to it. I wish it would happen, since I am longing to be in
the open Spaces again. The work is often strenuous and tireaome, but
considerably more pleasant than the school.

Let me haar from you soon,

Respectfully,

Henry A. Bolander

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Bolander, Henry N.
1866, February 27th
San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, February 27, I866

Dear Doctor,

I am glad to hear that my box has reached you. With regard to the reeds
I am erabarrassed. Everything you received was collect ed in the immediate
vicinity of this city, with the exception of the high numbers, which Dr. Hille-
brand from Honolulu, who made a trip to the Sierra, gave me for determination.
Another exception are the two specimens collected last year in Madecino County.
The Hillebrand specimens I divided first with Prof. Brewer and what you received
is all kept for myself • I did not keep a sample of the others since I did
not find any trace of it. Who lives as I do, gives away everything as soon
as possible. Furtherraore, unfortunately I was never very rauch concerned about
reeds. Therefor^,! cannot add anything until the next crop comes in.

Mission Dolores is the western suburb of San Francisco; at the foot of
the hills which separate us from the ocean, i.e. not quite an English mile
from the center of the city. I shall collect everything diligently and send
to you with the request that you let us have a complete list of everything
collected. No. 1 Fresh water wafesr No. 7 or 2359 Black Point, a point of
land west of this city.

There is no plant from Hall among them, all are from California.

Of course, my J. Lesenii is Juncus kaltiens ; it was a big mistake of
which I am ashamed. This species has many varieties, it depends on the
localities.

Düring our next meeting, I shall see to it that all the remaining part
of our Transactions be sent to you.

I also wrote to Dr. Canfield this evening.

Brewer must still have a lot of my material. I am surprised that he is
not more Willing to share, especially since I gave him everything I collected
without keeping anything for myself.

Of Nuphar at Clear Lake I did not collect anything, since I thought them
all of one species. The ones growing here, I shall collect and send you as
soon as time comes.

Who is in a position as I am, should have nothing to do with botany.

Copyright reserved

-2-

since I do not even have the space to störe things.

Doctor, please write soon to Mr. Lenormand, the dear old gentleman
complains in every letter about your silence* He believes I did not ramind
you enough.

I shall try to do better in the future.

larm greetings,
Respectfully your friend,
Henry N. Bolander.

P.S. Did you also send Baron Leonardi some of my Nitella? He sent me his
raost interesting treatise. I have known of him already from Ohio» because
the Franckenbergs talked often of his father-in-law, the philosopher Krause
and of him.

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Bolander, Hanry N.

1866, March 23rd

San Francisco, Calif,

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, March 2j, I866.

Dear Doctor,

Your letter of February Ikth has arrived.

I collected spring specimens of Quer « agrifolia for you and shall send
them to you soon. Those of the trees of this species which have blossoms
really throw off their .leaves almost entirely, as soon as the new ones
together with the blossoms have developed. Other neither have blossoms
nor new leaves, but keep the old ones. They look quite stränge next tö
the others. However, I shall devote more interest to this matter, especially
when I come to Anderson Valley on the Ist. The local ones are never without
leaves .

Should I not join the work on the survey, I can collect the necessary
specimens; however, should I join, I have to delay collecting for a Short
tirae. Perhaps, it is then possible to collect the necessary numbers. I
cannot teil now how many species there are since up to now I did not pay
any attention to the Junci.

I shall watch out for Nuphar and the vario^s other things.

Enough for today, for in a few days I go into the field and I am
happily excited about it*

Respectfully yours,

Henry N. Bolander

Did you use the winter to select for me some grasses and Carex ?

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Bolander, Henry N.

1866, April 6t h

San Francisco, Galif .

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, "April 6th, I866

Dear Doctor,

Today I received your letter of March lOth. I thank you for the
Information concerning the oaks .

I cannot write very much today. Already tomorrow I am going into the
field for the entire sumraer since I have not been employed* From the field
I shall write more,

Today I packed a little box for you. It contains Quer, agrifolia from
here of 3-^ different trees; also Pinus Coulterii, a magnificent cone together
with branches and old blossoms; the new ones have not come out yet. I found
this beautiful species on the Monte del Diablo on the first of April.

Your letters will be sent on to me in the field, just address them as
usual. Quer , agrifolia I collected also on this mountain,but it was not dry
enough to pack it.

With best wishes and wärmest greetings,

Yours

Henry N. Bolander

Bolander, Henry N.
1866, April l8th
Ukiah

TRANSLATION

Ukiah, Mendocino Co., April iBth, I866

Dear Doctor,

I shall now answer your letter of March Ikth from here, my first Station.

Dr. Hillebrand lives in Honolulu and in that year he made a trip to the
Sierras; he is an able botanist and is almost exclusively concerned with
pines. Would the enclosed plant be the same^ I found it today here in
the Ukiah Valley and collected plenty of it. Please, be so kind and let
rae know. I also collected plenty of oaks; but I won't be able to send you
the material before autumn. £u. chrysolepais & densiflora are not yet in
bloom; both seem to bloom very late.

I also found Pinus ponderosa here, but you have all that material

In a few days I shall go further north. If I can trust the reports,
I shall find a good crop.

As I already mentioned, I made an excursion to the Monte del Diablo
before I came here. There I found the P. Coult . and also another Chara with
fruit.

Further observations concerning Q. agrifolia show me that

(rest of letter missing.)

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Bolander, Henry
1866, May 7th
Mendocino City

TRANSLATION

Mendocino City, May 7, I866

Dear Doctor,

I am hurrying to send you some specimens of a small Juncus , however
I shall not decide whether this is different from the one I sent you from
Ukiah. The larger specimen grew with them. I found them in a wet sandy
spot in Long Valley, Mendocino Co. I also collected Nuphar for you,
however, without fruits, it was still too early.

I collected plenty of oaks and shall collect raore as soon as I come
to Anderson Valley in a few days.

The two Pinus species here are now in bloom. Shall collect plenty.
Pinus ponderosa I have also, together with a little tree.

Since I left my family I had a hard time. On the third of this month
wh«n going over the coastal mountains we had a heavy snow storm. Now it
is better. Found beautiful things which I had never seen before.

Write to San Fr.

With best wishes
Yours

H. N. Bolander

My No. ^91 is this small Juncus .

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Mendocino City, -'^v ^3, ^^66.

De^r Doctor,

Here I am ae-ain. "^nc^ — ^ * — -e--^-^ — "^-^^n a Juncus, but ^
little bit too young. Fo^)nd sor;e --^t in ^he Sr-h--^- crrrg cmr^-rF^.

Pinus contorta ?; cn these ^lains see- tc me, e^'C^l-e -y f-r^ardness
to be identical with Finus mijricata of Monterey. There -^re o-"^ v v--r.-
trees, the soil is bad and they die after h^v^'ncr reached a he-— ^,
10-20 feet and a thickness of l^-^^ inch'-, I ^^n^ v^- -h^ ---t^-:-^
collected near ^^onte^ey. H«re I ^ind l^r^e -nd -^-11 tree- on -rv
and also meager, thin soil. In hct^^ c-s--, t-e same pine. -oun- trees

on wet spots have cones which do not di^^-r from those of Konterev, ^he
same applies to the leaves. The large old trees, very clo^e to the seg coast
are similar.

I collected plenty to be able to Drove my noint . "n my paper, which
probably have received hy now, I expressed the ---•--'on f^--t the small
pines -nowin- >e-e mi->t be id-n-ic-T -vi^^ ^hc- ^--t-r-r. ^oday 1 am
of a di-^-rent orini-n. I saw here v-" srn-ll ' . -'^^ -^^^

also very close to the coast, where th^v "cr'^. an «xc^ ^-"z -r^ t ec*- ive
wall a^ainst the stron? winds, sinc^ t^^v -^-^ c-^^-^-^^^r- c~ o-^ ^^^^-.^j.
that they form a ----qc- -^^^ ^: in c-^^^, '^-'"^ ^^^..^^^^^^^.^

>^vin.- --^--^Iv -'eveloDed, in the ^nd or third year, so th-t I no*- cannot
find -.ny rire clcsed cones.

I^. is diff-re-t -i^^ Pinu^ contort^, ---v -o--- -ren:

often there are ■ — 5 dn one c-'^rc'^. '-o^- ^^^^ c-^^- ^r

their entire life time. Trees of ^-^-3 ^'^--^^ ~'n diameter of^— -r-.^e
cones --^nd the branches are covered '"■^'':h t'^^" to an e'jctent ■^"-n'=^^.^

-^V- ^'^^ ^^^r.'^^^c- ^r. ^0^0 O^ ^^c.-- - ^roo^<^, -'OTe ^ t " ^ S

-^4-^^ v^r^^ v^^r-'.r'V'c^ in '^ind ^"r^c^^^^v -0^^-^^^=^ t^'^'' •-•1"^ the new

material you will receive and let v^^- — ini-^n.
Somethin?^ ^Ise.

"^hen collecting the oaks, I foi;nd th-t the followinrr are in bloom at
the same tim.e:

-2-

Qu* Lonomensis starts together with
Qu. lobata.
Qu. Douglesii.

Qu. agrifolia (l collected plenty of it) actually starts to bloom ä little
earlier than the three latter ones. On Qu. chrysolepis , densif lora , acuta? I
saw nowhere. This stränge fact made me watch for them especially. On Qu . chrysolepis
I was also unable to find a young fruit, just as on Qu. acuta?, but I was amazed
to find young fruits on 0. densif lora , the plants all from last year. Yesterd^y,
I found that it just developed this year*s blossoms together with new leaves, but
does not throw off the old ones entirely, may be after complete development. I
collected plenty in order to prove this fact. The blooming time is therefore end
of May, beginning of June, as you will also find if you commre the dates of
my former shipment.

On my way home which is through Anderson Valley, I shall have an opportunity
to observe the other one.

The first 5 oaks are certainl.y one year old. The difference between '^grifolia

Wisli7,eni I have not been able to find, The few old fruits which can sometimes

be found, are always dead, füll of worms «nd fall off on touch.

I thorouffhly examined De C^ndolle^s omnion. The three oaks are very close.
" are
However, if you lift the acorn out of the cup, there^def inite differences of

a Strange kind. I do not know the terms, But the base on which the acorn

sits and the stomata, if this term is right here, differ between lobata and

Gambreli. With regard to Douglesii I did not have the idea at the time it was

ripe. The trees differ in the trunks, fruits, posture, colour of the leaves,

quality of the wood. In Anderson Va"^ ley I shall ray special attention to all

this.

With best wishes,

Your respectful friend
Henry Bolander

^^^^

C^,r-^^- ^y-.,-^., ^^^.^

^ Missouri Botä:,/^-

George Engelmann Papers

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4^^ ^^ ^^^^

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Bolander, Henry N.

1866, May ?.8th

San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, May 28th, I866

l^y dear Doctor,

And again, since I am here for several days, I packed this noon some
conifers which I collected during my trip. You will receive them through
the Smithsonian. Mr. King, who frequently saw Pinus contorta , assured me
that these pines have nothing in common with contorta. Yoiirs or Parry's
Statements are also incorrect. However, since I shall see now contorta
myself, I shall be able to form my own opinion. . What do you think of the
little one? You will find the material for both almost cnrnrlete.

A friend broughit me recently a magnificent cone of P. insiginis from
San Simeon, further south than Monterey; also a Diece of P. Coulterii , both
from a new location.

Now to the oaks. I collected beautiful material. Your oak, Wislizeni is
a Strange kind. It is bi-annual and I h^-^ve all main leaf forms, with i^lenty
of fruits. Insofar De Candolle's statement is right.

Qu. Wislizeni )

densiflora | Bi-annual.
Lonomensis

The three white oaks are very close— Gambeiii is still the most durable kind;
however, I do not want to make a definite statement here. I must see them
again in the autumn.

I also enclosed an Äbus which I found for the first time.

The Junci and Oaks you will not receive before winter since I am leaving
again in a few days (Sierras). But then a big box füll as was customary
among our former c^-mpatriots.

The Ohara I also cannot send earlier.

There is raore 1 could teil you, however, I have %%stpone this to a
more appror^riate time.

With best wishes,
Henry N. Bolander

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Bolander, Henry N,

1866, May 30th

San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, May 30th, I866

Dear Doctor,

Today I received a call from an acqmintance asking to let him
Show me a collection of pines and cones which he had bought from the
wife of the collector Bridf?:es who recently iied here. I w^s more than
a little surprised to see the cones of my littie pine collected in
Mendocino Co, and under ^he name Pinus contorta.

Parry*s description fits very weH , with the exception reg^^rdinj? the

bark,

However, I shall see the contorta In the moimt-^ins,

With best wishes,
Respectfully yours,

Henry N. Bolander

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Bolander, Henry N.

1866, June 5tli

San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

Sah Francisco, June 5th, I866

Dear Doctor,

Tomorrow I finally leave. Today I still collected the Juncus which I
sent in a different envelope, Tfee others I hope to collect partly myself
and partly by Dr. Kellogg.

If you want more, write me right away, your letters will be sure to
reach me.

Please don*t take it amiss if I asV you af?:ain to send me some dupl icate
specimens of grasses until next November. Esneci^lly those collected in
the West (Texas Plains etc. ) by Arensen. I hope you will find one day when
you can make a selection. Especially the grass family interests me very much
and I should like to do some work on it. I should be very happy if I would
find a small shipment from you on my return.

Always at your Service,
Your respectful friend

Henry N. Bolander.

Should you have some duplicate snecimens of European Agrostis , . I should
appreciate it if you would enclose them too.

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Bolander, Henry N.
1866, August 2nd
Mariposa Big Tree Grove

TBANSLATION

Mariposa Bifc Tree Grove, Aug, ^nd, 1%6

Dear Friend,

Enclosed herewith you will receive my Jjmcus which I found
here on sandy river shores. 1 could only find a few specimens and
all of them are more or less imperfecta

With wärmest greetings,

Yours
Bolander.

Copyright reserved

Bolander, Henry N.
1866, kumst 7th
Maripose Big Tree Grove

TRANSLATION

Mariposa Bi^ Tree Grove, Au?. 7, I866

Dear Doctor,

Your two letters (June l^^th and -^th) have reached me.

The question of the oak I consider finished (with the excer.tion of Dou^lasii,
Gambeli, ^obata, ^arryana). Ferhaps my Information is enough to make this
Statement, ^"ith regard to the others, it is only necessary to determine the
distribution. As far as I know where they ^row, I shall let you know.

Juncus, I am collectin? in ;?reat nu'-bers ^ni ^o-e to find also so-e ot>^ers.

I should very much like to enclose r^l-nts, T only ^^-^ t^e- ^t >:^ni. T>^is
week I hope to Tna.ke a trin to a meadow r^t'-^- so-e -^i^t^^nc^ -"-v ^^^^^^ here. It
is probable th^t I find there sever-^ -v^-.-...

My stay here is too lon^, I sh-ulc l-^v- rone nv hirher a l-^n^ ti-e arro, At
the end of September all Vegetation has dis^rreared.

Respectfully,

Have my two boxes, one containing cones and the other general conifers not yet
arrived?

I

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Bolander, Henry N.
1866, Ser;tember 27th
San Francisco, Calif.

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, Calif. Sept. ??, I866

Dear Friend,

Now I am home again, I don't like the four ^alls ^nd yet I am also back
at the school. But what eise could I de?. I refused the offer three times, but
finally went into the trap.

Also writing is hard for me. Oh, this -onderful summeri

I still found Juncus which I höre you will like, As soon as they arrive
I shall send all the material.

^our two letters of August ?9th and September Ist I have in front of me.
Thank you for your kind correction. Yosemite Valley is at the Mercer River,
North Fork.

I have a lot to say about pines , oaks , some about Juncus, but God, it is
so hard for me to writei I hope, thei?lore, that you will be kind enough to
excuse me for several d?iys. I shall not wait too long.

I found: Pinus flexilis ? Isothecium , Ohara, I8 species of grasses which
were not collected previously either by me or by Brewer. Many Oarex ,
raagnificent mosses, beautiful lichens and other beautiful things in large
quantities.

With best wishes, more in a few days, greetings,

Yoiirs
Bolander,

I beli^ve the enclosed Oalamagrostis is the true strigosa Bond, '%at do you say?
Oollected Mendocino Oity, May.
Oan you send the grasses soon?

,>^^

3.

I

f/^*^ ^ c/jl^^^^ ^^^^

Bolander, Henry N.
1866, December 5th
San Francisco, Calif,

TRANSLATION

San Francisco, December 5» I866

Dear Doctor,

Your letter of the lOth of last month just arrived. I am glad that the box
finally arrived. In the future I shall paint the names on and not only write them
on a Card from where they are easily rubbed off. But these ^rasses ? You threaten
me for a sin of Omission with the scorn of the heaven. This goes suddenly too far
so that I äon't know with what I could threaten you]

The large pines in the box are without doubt muricata , identiöal with those from
Monterey. Dr. Torrey's observations I did not find entirely confirmed. I also found
on the swollen side quite good seeds capable of germination. According to my
determination it is also Tsuga Mertensiana , even though the cones are much too
small. The tree is most beautiful. The branches are from one cut last autumn,
therefore the contradiction between pines and firs. I did not find any blossoms
this spring, but I believe that it is possible to obtain those when the time
comes through a friena whom I sho#ed the trees, It is also iDOSsible th-^t I find
them in Hannibal Co., my next destinationi

Last Saturday I finished the sorting of the f amilies., No^^' I am going to
work on your things and mosses, everything is ready to be mcked. The Isoetes
I shall send on Saturday. They were collected by King, the leader of our ^ang,
at three different locations, the small kind on the eastern slope of the mountains
in rather deep water. It is Whitney »s Intention to include everything on the
Chryptogams in one volume. So, please be kind enough to work on these with this
intention in mind and then send them to thiö gentleman or to me. The same is true
with regard to Ohara . Please be so kind and ask Mr. Braun to make a report with
this in mind. With the next shipment you will receive two other species. One
collected on ^onte del Diablo, now with fruits, and one collected at the foot of
the mountain. Three I have previously sent.

Do you have the address of Dr. Gottsche? We have nobody who can work on the
Hepatica, or do you know anyone in America? Sullivan does not work anymore and
Austin does not know anything about iti

Ohara Braun

Isoetes Dr. Eng.

Musci Lesqu.

Hepatica ?

Lichens Prof. Tuckerman

Fungi Ourtis

Algae Lenormand

It would be wonderful if all the gentlemen mentioned would work in detail on these
things, similar as Lesqueux did it.

I also have two Cuscuta , one very small, collected at 9700 feet above
sea level.

Junciis are beautiful and in any event of interest, if there always only enoughj
Dr, Kellogg gave me those, I shall send them on. The box will be rather big
since the pines and Juncus take much space.

Resume :

^* i^^g^i,g:nis MontereyJ from there southwards San Simeon Bai-

2, P. muricata Monteray, near Tomales bay, and Mendocino City until Ten mile "River
(seen by myself). Furthermore also at San Luis Obispo and also on the
Sisenzo Mts.

5* £• contorta ^ Mendocino Co. with muricata , but now it is very late and I have
to come back to these matters when making up the map, so please patience
for a few days.

Respectfully,
Bolander

Please excuse my hurry, but I am very tired. I told you that they put me back
in the school and thls makes my work difficult.