E. MisSourı BOTANICAL GARDEN ’ GEORGE» ENGELMANN PAPERS , ee RS | a rn E00, EL 75 aan mr Pgı ER ER - gEragE, ar ll; EHERE IB PSSER EL Du nm 7 EIER Per uk un Abe OLE ER copyright reserved . ET. 2 MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN Re EEE “ S er Gens en A Lu Cure Heel Gr tr NR S$: { N 2 X 3» | / sy Adam ya Wr men. “> = u Dank AV A : DIE" u £° 0 = er ri au m e WORERE E. dr 7% Tan) RR DEN» s r m ee a, 2 7 | aha ir ae DATE REN zu arm en N gen Er EG EEE RATE AYrı herr, ar ro r nt a Tu Ze url dan Kann WOEREREPEEIIE 77? 3 AA IF zZ . fan m Aare rar tg har IE lan . FG a a 4 . F ER MIR ae TIER N N L x ans Aare a u. 275 : ee L” REN y af 5 I ® ) 10 MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarDENn [4 8 ak Serma adden EBRR a ER SB N Ad bi & RN en an A Dec, \ | Gr x Sg A rs Berl PN Bi le y Ä ' | en ' | , u» | z Ä | | en E (/ ” 4 _ u‘ ge 3 u, ' : Ne KO i Sa it | e' ER v * i MISSOUR-I . & BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GarDENn N) Rec. May 30 Jacobi Koloane,Apri1i46,1855 Ans. June 13 ost Honored Sir Doctor | While payinge a visit last week to prince Salm' on the Dycr, his hisehness had the kindness to tell me about your welborn!s last let- ter of February 25 of this year. It will be immediately explainable to you, how much its content interested me, if I tell you, that I occupy myself for 15 years with the culture of cacti and in this con- text I entered into a very live interchange of letters with the prince. For this reason”I hope you will forgive me,when I turn to you,, an unknowrr to you, ‚taking your valuable time.. \ I hope,however, that you will not consider my letter en if I tell you, that it is primarly my interest in the published work: byvyou;which causes me to write to you.. I see from your letter, that you plan ke to publish the work in Europe,and that you ask the prince's council,where ®& best to turn in this connection. What you say in your letter about the insufficient manner of the Allustrations in the works of! Pfeister and Ottopyou speak’ from my own soull. and im the interest of the cause I want to alert yowiabout the polychrom Lithograph, in which now in Germany and specially in Berlin astoni- w/orl shing/is being produced, and which according to my view is more. suita- ble than any other kind of printin»® for the illustrations of cacti.. For a long time I have not been able to comprehend,why one has not taken refuge in that type of presentatiom, and I would enjoy therefor very much, if you would decide to process the drawines for your work in this manner, In a larger format, I saw the colored lithographs used‘ first] in the work about the excavation of Herculaneum,Pompei and Stabian(?? E.D.) by professor W. Zahn, Berlin at Keiner, the first edition of which appeared in 1828/29 and which has been continued! since then without interruption. Though oustanding results have been achieved in this work;.it is in the art of color printing that MISSOURII . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi _ 2 _ April u 1855 it excells in the presentation of architectural documentatior of the antique wall-paintings. Landscapes as well as porteits are being litho- graphed,and that to such perfection, that nothing is left to be wished,. and thus cacti can also be rendered in color printing to complete sa- tisfaction.. The way the prince has his Mesembrianthemums and Aloes represen- ted, does suffice somewhat}; but not to the degsree,iwhen one sees the entire plant*in its color glory before one's eyes... I also believe al- most, that the costs should nottbe significantly hisher than if one takes recourse to copper- ot steel- eneraving.: In Berlin the best of color printing is accomplishef’ by the Rıushi- tute of’ Winkelmann and Sons, however, I believe, that good can be acconm- plished also in Düsseldorf at Arenz & Co. and in Bonm at Henri & Cohen. .The choice of the last named firm would have the advantage,that Mr. Henri himself is a botanist.. He cooperated in earlier times himself on the prince's works and could therefor best supervise the represen- tation of the plants true to nature.- Should you decide for the color printing, I would take great pleasure to pursue the cause to the best of my ability. It ]l8 a real eonsolarian for all friends of cvactus stu- dy, that a man with your knowledge embraces this branch of botany,which in many ways still lies in the dark.. Only a man of stature,who lives in the homeland of the cacti and has occasion to study themrin their habitat, can solve the many still existing doubts about them... If I were independend and had the necessary wherewithall,I would have undertaken long ago a trip to the New World, only with the intent to study the cacti..I must not tie myself to that favorite idea, and I must be satisfied to study,what is being sent to us from there. Throush your efforts we will at let achieve,to get clarity'about the plants occuring in your territoryy and thus achieve at least a par- tial check: against the locally epidemic creation of species... MISSOUR-I j i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi LE April 26, 1855 I do not believe, that! you will get far with the ideas expressed in your letter to the prince, tbaärrange thr cacti byvcolor and shape of the seeds.. As you already remark yourself, the seeds off M. senilis is black and tubercular like the seed of the Echinocacti. This Mamni“- laria however does in this not stand alone. I have examined seed of M. Wildiana; it is black and in the shape of’ a cup (also knom as a "ninge-elass",to receive blood, E.D.), and has on its surface semißäphe- ric cavities,which surround the seed' surface. ”esides there occur with Mammilariae ,„ brown and yellowish ones, seeds,which are pointed in bean- shape. In view of your remarks I have decided, to examine under the microscope all seeds. eficacti, which come into my hans, and, after some time to report to you the results.. Also, the division of the coach byvfiower and fruiti will at the present’: state of the science result im continuing difficulties; because of the Echinocactus fruits known to me is one for.instance, BE.,- Sseti - spinus,;, entirely smooth, and I am convinced, that in not too far a fu- ture we will find otherrEchinocseti sth alike fruits The illustra- tion of Malacatactuszs., fruits,; which according to flower and according to shape must be figured with the Echinocacti,,as far ‚as the entirely of the fruit Is Soncrnei , soft and on the outside very thin cover] stands until row alone, Of the Echinocacti in my collectiorr unfortunately not manyvflowering speci- mens exist,but, luckilyyI can avall myself of the collection of a Mr, af Kraeh’ in this place,where there are sevral large original plants,, which in partt have flowered at times... - Just now I remember, that' the seed of’ E. pumilus:is not black’ but brown-and totally smootMm. In re - gard of your formI have not yet undertaken any research, but will do so this summer..: You tell the prince, that you did not succeed,. to keep your plants off E „uncinatus alive. This news afford me some consolation,, thouch of a bad kind. I have not done better so far,regardless of all! MISSOUR!I i N BOTANICAL copyright reserved GBR DEN “acobi' ee Ar April 16,1855 mn EEE EELLEEELEELEELELEELE conceivable care, and this complaint is quite general in Germany». . i i Pr: The Controller of the Main Customs office in Müıınster,, Schaefer, works much with hybridization.. ”esides a hole lot off Echinops „ he treated the Hvbris ienescens, who'se derivation unfortunately can not be obtained,, with pollen of Echinops tulipifera,and received from this hybrids, beine close to Cerei’ radicantis and the Philocacti, how- ever irregular in the formation of sections (Jacobi uses the word "Glieder" = members, E.D.). I shall get the plant soon in flower,and will give you a descriptiom of it. Mr Schaefer did also pollinate last yearPh. philantoides with pollen off Echinocereus acifer, and will send to me seed as soon as ripens,.As you do not have the Facility For plant growing, I do not dare to offer you some of my plantss Should your interests afford to receive seeds of various species ‚. would be most willing as far as my week strenth permits. With the request, to kindly excuse,that a layman has taken your valuable time with his prattle, and to attribute to my zeal for the cause,. that I addressed you bg letter, I close with outstanding hich esteem,; Your most devoted servant | Jacobi Major, 8th Artillery Regiment.. (translated from German script by E „. Denison, Dec. 1988 ) MISSOUR-I ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved GBA DEN Lactn Img Ge Ahanlr SEISS: es A Dt er _ we, ET x; zirn rt um Hr ame DI Mag rg 10. ' \ 4 2 Dana calER5“ 4 10 MISSOUR-I i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN GE ENGELMANN PAPERS . Missouri BOTANICAL GARDEN BEE un a, 1 # Rl copyright reserved . TI, ARDEN ” Missourt BOTANICAL. GARDEN GEORGE 'ENGELMANN PAPERS , i « ee J copyright reserved | | 1 au Arnmaganır y I) gr Wr € eg —LINIH MISSOURII BOTANICAL \ GARDEN Be EOEAD BB: Pig TE ZIERT ne ar ar AUAE MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAaRDEN Rec.. Nov. 7, 1855 Koeln October 9,1855 Ans. March 16,1856 Most appreciated Sir Doctor ! I read with ereatest interest your communications of M arch 31 resp. June 13 and offer my sincerest thanks for the shipment of the seeds..M. Nutallii unfortunately did not zerminate; the seeds: were most likely damaged’ in the closing of the letter, which I received from % : Dure throush the postal service ( ? E.D.),because they were mostly bro- ken,;and those, which remained whole, did not germinate..C. giganteus seems to be a delicate plant’*and primarly does not tolerate moisture.. I had received your from Prince Salm in specimens of about diameter. M 3/4 (Geisetncheser cm; the sien looks like this %) . E.D.)All these plants however perished’ thoush I kept them in a hotbed under glass.The (en which germinated from your shipment a year u I keep ra- ther dry and hope to keep then tnus,aud hate to baue Hau. wilt, I’would have liked to have written you earlier, but the Summer con- tained the in Achen'and the er free time I devote then to my garden. My Mammilaria and also a part of the Echinocactus flowered very prolifically, and I have reaped already a rather impressive seed har- vest. Unfortunately the time has been unavailable so far, to study the seeds under the viewpoint, that one could perhaps find in the seedsa reference for a systematic divisiomof this plant family ‚for which I had made certain observations, and which made me suppose, that M .cri- nita for instance had entirely black, cupring-glass-like seeds, has been completely’pushed aside throuseh remarks made by me, that M,.Bo- cassana have red-bordered,erg-shanped seeds,however not with smooth surface,but with small;hemispheric indentations on the seed’ cover in rezular ranks. - According to shape and color of seeds of M,.Nutallii I would'assign these plants to the M,_crinitae, if the above mentio- ned’remarks afford’a reference.. ?‘ I! shalli send to you several fruits of all plants,of which L 8 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyright reserved DCARDEN Jacobi = 2 - Oct. 9,1855 have gathered more,than I consider sowing, as soon as you will be kind enough to provide me with an oportunity’to expedite this shipment with- out causing unreasonable expenses. Simultaneously I want to take the libertyyvto mail along an index of my collectiorr of plants.. You say in your letter, you had not seen any but black seeds of‘ Echinocacti'. I will also send you some of E.pumilus and gracillimus,, which are In part dark, in DEPE I1ghr „..:.,.,.+Tne Seeds Sf tnesteronn- gonae are In part „oe... .....-Büt, you will see for yourself and judge.. I studied with special attention during the Summer the positiom of flowers and fruit of Mamillariae anlacothelae and elanduliferae,which Proelger (?) assirns to the Echinocacti, and found thereby, ot believe to have found,that the flower arises from the axil anyhow,even thoueh it 1s situated at the apex of the plant. The furrows on the upper part of the teat (the German word for teat is Warze = wart,E.D.) elongates to the axilland at the end of it in the axil stands the flower; but not as with the Echinocacti immediately behind the bundle of spines.That the two named species df Mammilariae present a transition to the Echi- nocacteae,there is hardly any doubt, but accordine to their entire struc- ture as well as to their inflorescense khkEyYxketunsxuwikkuukrdunkkxkuxrkkex and that the flower emerges from the younger axils, they belong without doubt to the Mammilariae,while the other Mammilariae do not show a zerccen hs, mmleh is not 1 - A Tasrs D1d, Düring the 2nd half of last month I was unfortunately only a Dyer ? few hours on the Dy, thus havinz no time to read your communications from the 5th. The latter had the luck this Summer,that a plant flowered for him, which he up to now considered a xaxkkxx variety of Echinopsis rho- cantha. The flower is however so strange and of another species,that there is no doubt, that, &Aara new divisiom arises,which takes accor- ding to the flower the same position in the Cerei, as does Nopalea-in the Opuntiae .. MISSOUR-I . j BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GARDEN Jacobi . 3 PR Oct. 9, 1855 The description of the flower and plant willappear in the Berlin Garden-newspaper presently.. During the past Summer I made a strange observatior on a specimen of M.macrothele.The upper rim'of two mamillae of last vear's erowth dropped off from the body of the plant,so that an empty space of about one line formed between the base of the teat and the stem of the plant. As I feared, that the plant was rottine inside, I removed thefshed plants still more from the body,found however, that they were entirely healthy. Also otherwise, the two teats are affixed quite firmly with their lower parts to the body..The epidermis of the basis of the teat as well as that wherefthey separated from the stem, is covered with a thin bark.. From this appearance seens toresult, that for this tribe of Mammilariae the teats do not form an inseparable part of the stem,;but that they are perhaps with their lower part wing-like connected to thems Though the plant will be deformed somewhat, I intend to cut off the loosened teats next Spring entirely from the plant, and to study the connection of the halves with the stem more closely, and to see, if from these teats again new plants will form.. Another observation I made, is that with Cer.Hybrid.Smithii the seeds in the fruit can germinate,while the fruit is still attached to the stem of the plant.I have planted such vivipari seeds and gained new plants from then.. With the request to deligsht me soon again with your communications,. and to let me have seeds, which you can spare, I close with oustandin®s esteemy your higshborn most devout Jacobi IR, vun Colonel (translated from German script by E. Denison, Nov. 1988) MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GarDENn I = Fer ahar / Ze DL RER ee hl | LH Pe E FE I RT Tan ha nam "ni e PRIETEZ N Ki L > | BR 2 a AD Gm LTE MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved AyhamlLC97 TA, rem Der Go Ta a a | 10 MIıSsoOUR-I : j BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed GaAarDENn Ab GaRuen. - 7 Wrsgormn BOTEN GEORGE Eng ELMANYV,P copyright reserved MIıSsoUuR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN rin ar ee E20 Baer Ani‘ ee an . Alu am LIPM - er. & 1 a UA Be RG 23 Ha PS u ., 7 ar 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GıarDeEn 6 | 7 8 ) 10 MIıSSsOUR-I } ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAarRDEN Rec. St. Louis Jacoby Koelr June 12,1856 Aug. 28, 1858 Most Honored Sir Doctor |! Your kind message Of March’ 14T received’ then properly,also the most kindiy sent seeds,for which I express my sincerkt thanks.I sowed them risht after receipt,and, partially at least with good success. M,vivipara’and E.Wislizeni germinated very well and both have al - ready formed bodies (the German word is" verschopft", which could’ mean "have set hair". The word must be specific for cactus culture.E.D.) Of M. Nutalli I got only 5 planttets,which however seem to be entire- ly healthy and which will! prosper hopefully.. Judeing by the size of the seedcorns,this plant must be unusually large, at leat, I have ne- ver met Mamillaria seeds of such size.To which divison does M,Nutalli belong ?° o With E. Engelmanni,of which I had the most delisht,it has however turned out badly.The seeds germinated soon in part, and formed pretty small plants, however with a very strange root formatiom.The germina- ine 790o% fibreformed very sooma long, spotted thread,which depar - tinze from the plant in a large arch tended toward the earth. After some time the plantlets separated from the rootstock and died.Why this happened, heaven may know; Possible, that I sowed the seed too early in the year, so that they could not florish with only manure- heat and little sun. (apparently hotbed culture, E.D.) I am very sorry,, that I could not obtain plants from those seeds,because this Echin«. cactus is stilllentirely new with us... Tb what divisior does it be - long" ?°Judeging from the appearance of the young plants, they may be assisned to the Macrogonae.. As your last communicatiorr leaves it doubtful, that you will visit Europe this yeary; .I prefer, to send to you the seeds collected by me.. There are some 60 species,and probably several knowm to you for a lone time.I thoueht it to be better to send more,rather thar take a chance to leave something perhaps still unknown out, 10 MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAarRrDEn Jacoby - 2 - June 12, 1856 Unfortunately, the E chinocacti are very sparsely represented.. thoush "a rourue rives always more than he has ". Of Cer. sisanteus I broneht 4 little plants through the Winter,, and hope, that these will become stronger during the Sumner ir God's free Nature and ‚then, .live through the coming Winter. With us, the Winter was rather milderr than severe. But at Christmas time we had several daysup to - 12’derrees R.,whereas later it came hardly to 5 17 78,.D,) I’ was most surprised’ about your news concerhing the desree of col@ which several cacti there sustained’ and am now eager to learn,how these plants acted during the further course of Spring and Summer,. and if the limping lesson did not come later. There are single exam- ples of plants overwintering in the open with us too; the known ca- ses are however still too» unique,to permit general conclusions from them, and the exact circumstances,which permitted the overwinterin® in the open,are not sufficiently known.. If you get the Berlin Gardennewspaper, you will have found in NO®fs 11 - 15 some contributions to the science of cacti by me. The described plantshre as individuals before me all new and strange;; thus I can not determine, that these individuals are not themselves seed varieties. With most of themnthe character is so pronounced.. that’ I am not inclined’to believe so.Of several of these plants I included also seeds:-for vyou.Could not the Echinocacti Deppei and acifer in my dissertatior tolerate alower degree of coldness ?" It j is strange, that these plants are so difficult to bring to flower with us.May-be this has its reason as with Echps. Pentlandil, that we keep these plants too warm in Winter.Since I keep this spoiled Echinops quite cool and give it a strong,nourishing soil,it is covered with flowers,whereas for 10 years with other treatment, I could not get it to blooms 10 MISSOUR-I : BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GıaArDENn Jacoby %& 3 ” J une 12, 1856 We are in the culture of cacti still! entirely besginners and ex- periment in it much too much. It certainlyvregults froman inoppor- tune treatment, that'the entire division of Stenogonae,which mentions the fruits in his work under +++ have never flowered in 22222... May- be they flower even still’ rarely in their home countryyas theyrvand the other Stenogonae never often sprout sldeways. I think, that Nature replaces the difficult flowerine through out-sprouting, as for example is the case with Echps. multiplex. All other Stenogconi flower extremely easily and frequently. The only exception known to me from #e the other sub-division of this tribe, is my E.grisgispinus,which 7 neither flowers nor out-sprouts. I can not entirely agree with the divisiomestablished by you: of the Coryphantae. They form without doubt the transitiom of the Mamni- lariae to the E chinocacti without necessarly belonging to the latter. Next to them stand then, as also metioned in the work of the L prince,,the Mammilariae of the Glandul&®erae,which to the most part have not flowered for us.. A few days ago I received’an interesting descriptiom from the Schaefer from'MÜinster, a very studious cactus enthusiast and thorough’ observer about the blossom of M._se - nıilis, It is the first time, that this plant has flowered for us and it seems to me to be rather definitive, that the plant is not a M an- milarıa, But I want to tall you Ehe description of the flower as it has come to me, Calyx-tube 13 lines long, diameter 5 lines above, 4 below. Calyx-leaves with grey-green middle stripe, narrow,,apparentliy im 3 layers above each other. Crom flat, 1 3/4" diameter. Petals glowing orange- scarlet,narro- wed toward the base and in rows up to 12 above each other.. Stamens red, numerous, exceeding the base by 7 lines,enclosing the pistil closely.Anthers yellow.. Pistill „......0..„eXceeding the stamens by 3 lines, scar yellow,, three-parted.. | Flowering day and night. Lensth of flowering 8 - 10 days at an 8 9 10 MISSOUR-I i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GıARDEN “ ee =... W NN a“ i > e 77 | n | z - | | . “ r s N | N ” ‘ - a - Fi ' \ u a EN NEN An... Su 0 :4..2 , 3.0275 .8..7.8.:.9: WM cm copyright reserved . Bu. ,; 3 21 g 74 A # Mi 2 za y“ / PERS 2 Li OD “ Cd, HM = Bn.- I no N] =6 10 MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarDEn ec AR r\ NS N N » » DR cn ml Barzee Ach mid 7, mm m he 2 Are 2 kan. Dam? EEG LTE GARDEN PAPERS Missouri BOTANICAL GEORGE ENGELMANN MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Rec. Frankfurt Jacobi‘ Cologne Jan. 19, 1857 Jan. 19 Most honored Sir Doctor ! 9) Accordine to your wish I transmit to you enclosed’ several (ie specimina of cactus seeds, You received representation of all! spe- cles in my possession, and, where I was able, I! enclosed entire fruit.. I also will make an effort to obtain cactus seeds from all! aquainted Ra cactus growers and from friends.I only hope, that I will remain in Cologne as long until the PPerescias at Mr. Koch will be ripe.. If this should not be the case, themI shall! by all means request of him before my departure, to keep the ripened seedscapsules for your dis- position, and it may be then the best, Lyon in time contact Mr.Koch.. According to recent news arrived from Berlim I can hardly ex- pect to be here throueh March, and, quite kenerally, I wWiliı haräaly have much enjoyment this Summer from my plants. Because, if I move in March with stock and barrel'to another garrisom, I can hardly fi- zurebo have so much time left to unpack my plants agaim and to arrange for their adequate culture... We do however not want to give up the hope, that I may be allowed, to show you my plants during the Summer well ordered and the plants in in good shape.As soon as I learn the place of my other destination I will leave nothing undone, to commuricate its name to you and plan thereafter to see you, and that for an extended time. ,with me... Should I be so favored,to remain'at the Rhein or to come to Wesyphalen, I would make it possible to arrangse a ret-torether at the Dy ex, where we could dispute about many doubtful and difficult pointst would have liked to travel on the day of your esteemed visit over to Bonn, but I could not have arrived there before 3 0.c. , and with the uncertainty,where to meet you there and the very short days, I considered it a daring enterprise*Hovefully ‚you met my friend Henzti,, and I would be glad, if you got satisfactory results for your purpose MISSOUR!I f BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN January 19,1857 N I Conradi - Later it occured to me,,that you could perhaps get in Frankfurt gak some pointers for your problens fromMr. Hermann Meyer,wh® made himself a name in the scientific world throueh his research in the fos- sil Fauna.. Since vou left me, so unendinely much came to my mind, that I must indeed ertreat yow'sincerelv, to devote during the Summer a somewhat longer time to me.. You will then probably also see a part of the local! collections,, thoush I took) only part in their formation. In the appendix to the travelogue of Dr. Wislizenus,,in which you describe the botanical! results of this itineraryy.you say on page 247,, after dividing the cacti into two main divisionss: "The flowers of all species of the first! divisiom (?’E.D.) appear; with the dubious excep- tion of some Mammilariae on the growth''of the same year..".. This Is bertainiy an error, as you take to this first group all Mammilariae. Of the latter though it is the Eoryphantae,glandulipho- L . A . rae, and longhammae for wnich this character fits,. All other mamnila- riae Flower grovn axils =) the 2nd year, or possibly the 3rd and 4th,, and stand therefore between the apiciflorae and the lateriflorae kind of in the middle. Before I close for today, I must ask you to let me know, when you think you will arrive in Berlin, where you will'stay heran and how long to intend to remain there. This is very important to me for this reasom that aftkzxrx shortly after I have been transferred, I will have to go to Berlinrto present myself to his majestyw If you are also there ,„ I shall’'make it possible, to see you too and to inform youmabout the day of my arrivall and place of my staying quarter.. With friendly greetings Your sincerely devoted Jacobi‘ (translated from German script!’ by E. Denison, Dec. 1988 )\ MISSOUR-I ß BOTANICAL copyrightreservred . GARDEN 7 ’ A Mis$ourı/Bogantow © - N a Pr. f; P; w * 1 j " f ’ Mi N X- er N NE > A. | A u 2 T lan Zn U Kol ar ISE an erde FF GEORGE” EnGEtmAnN PAPEI % Pr * & Pr MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN MISSOUR-I i , BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAarDeENn Ä \* BEN. ed 7% U: 74 F >35 , 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I . . BOTANICAL copyright reserved FEED EN 10 MIıSSOUR-I j BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GarDeEn ei ‘ IN . 4 x “ 8.:7:8: 9 MW ee, . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRDEN = MISSOUR!I : ‚ BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GarDeENn copyright reserved MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN 9 10 copyright reserved , # we wi A B F ie Pr; GEORGE dENGELMANN PAPERS MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN - ? 4 Rec. F eb. 22 Jacobi Kologne Feb. 21,1857 Ans. March 28 a — Most honored Sir Doctor |! Your esteemed correspondence of the 13th of last month interested me much, and though I am not able to support your scientific in- quiries with my owm as I miss the necessary botarical!pre-educatiom and do nöt have a sufficiently good background, I want to eontribute at least to the good cause by getting as many seeds to yow'as I can „ procure., . 1l,therefor, wrote immediately to my friend Schaefer in Mun- ster-and received from him risht away the enclosed seeds,which T send you herewith,. It is most agreeable to me, that I am able to send you these seeds at least in part in entire fruits.. I'Talso went these days to Dach, but found no seeds at all!on his plants and the fruits on the Perescia Blio (? E.D.) wont be ripe for a long time. In the coming Summer, which, according to news co- ming to me, IL most likely will not spend In Tolosgene, I WIllcollecet quite industriously from my plants and to get to you always very well conserved fruits.»- As to your observatiom they surprised me in part very much.. That you found such a’complete difference between the fruits of Melocactus and Mamillarial am very happy about.I really could never understand properly, how these two genera should be so near to each other. The inflorescense is after all substantially different, and the plants toon show in the picture of the exterior habitus no near relationship. Did Mr.Funs also inform you about the observation made drops " by him, that Melocactus throws its fruits after completed ripening out Of Tne TWWMT 7 Your suppositions about M.subcoglandulifera and raphidacantha are completely correct and the fruits .. KOiMS... themselves in the state of complete ripeness-toward the mucro somesmhat er “ . “ . s * “ . That M,Bocahrana is so different from the other@ecrinifers, sur - MISSOUR-I e BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Peb, 21,:18%7 DD ! Jacohı = prises me as according to its habitus it seems definitely to belong ul th then. A ua » BT 7 J N EcohRınrocerei "Lchteöuacdis The seed sent to you of Echiseatea acifer comes from Schaefer, He tells me the following about flower and fruit, as much as the diagnosis can be produced from memory: :Inflorescence on the side, near the apex. Tube Mb loneg,3.Y dm, spreadinge toward the cromm; greenish below,, tur - ninz red toward the crows tube primarly without but! fruit-knot with spine bundles,needle-shaped’ 3%. long. Crown NY dam,flat, similar to Echinopsae, Crown leaves numerous, bronze-yellow,orange - scarlet.Sta- men bundles yellow; pistil'higsher than stamens with shinyy green stig- matic surfaces (the German word is Narbe = scar,E.D.). I am glad to be able to add the the seeds from Schaefer an entire fruit ofE . gracillimus. Unfortunately I cannot enclose this time E, pumilus. I figure with certainty, that you'will give me an entire day! ns on your trip to Paris. .In early April ya will find my Echinocactt ; ; nn EEE with the main portion of the Mam. as well as the Echinops already on a warm-bench'in the openvand im proper order, so that you will get a better view of my collection.. The genusbase presentation, which you find nowhere else, you do not find anymore even on the Dy en, because the prince is not able any more to come so frequently in his garden... The physimatic (whatever that is,. E.D.) order persists as before. Should you be able to touch Mhınster or your trip, you won'd rue the smallisacrifice in time. In Mr. Schaefer you have a very experienced' collector and conscientious observer, who: would be overjoyed by your visit. He lives a few hundred’ steps: beyond: the gsate of the suburb Mawig. If you however would arrive during the fore- or afternoon in Münster, it would be best to go directly to the Main Custom Office, where you will meet him without fail! 9 10 MIıSsoUuR-l i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GıARDEN Jacobi a Feb 21,..,1937 On your trip to Berlin you probably will make stops at E rfurt and Leipzig;where I annouced you already at Haags and Genre.. Did you look up Lepecer in Frankfurt ?’He is of the gardeners there the only one, who does something for cacti.. With the request to give best ereetines to friend Schmidt‘ and the hope to hear from you from Berlim ,so that I will be instructed abont the day and hour of your arrival in Cologne:« Greeting you heartily your honestly devoted J.A.Jacobi not yet colonell I further enclose fruits of Tracera and älthileana. Have the kindness to compare sometime the seeds-of the latter with M,. spinosissima. In,, the color of the fruit, the two plants are very noticeably different,, and on my specimen of the Uhdeana is the formation of the spines very different from the spinosissima. Despite this,F, Salm wants to consi- der the latter as a variety:of the first,with’ which I can not declare mvself entirely in accord Jo (transläated from German script. by Es Denison, Dec. 1988 )) NOTEs: in the measures-of Echinacea acifer Jacoby uses a sien,un- knowm to me: U E.D. | 7 8 9 10 MIıSsoOUuR-I ? BOTANICAL copyright reserved E-CKRDEN a 729 u Pre, | ># N \ N ! IN [ wegen a OT SETEEITT ZB EIER ’ 5 r N er Fr :4 % On | 4.5 Ar TANIC Pe du «z GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS Missourı 56 ER ei 24° r£ Por Br Dr er dl, Be EN N Na Vol Öh “ D N 10 MISSOUR-I e : BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRrRDEN ' y "Gr 3 34 er > ann mi a PER “or F) k 5 r E- a « 8 9 10 MISSOUR-I z s BOTANICAL copyright reserved CA DEN WR Da Dare. SaHh Bd acht pay TE Lea LET» en Bere Ah. SS EEREIEETT IN HUR BEE TERERG : Kg In Me RAR AS LEER 9 10 MISSOUR:-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GıarDeEn EI Des > er en | UT, Pr < Mosaber, a 2 —_.—o kur eneml En DE ent war ynt - , h | | % : 10 MIıSSOURI BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarDENn Rec. Berlin April 27 Jacobi‘ April 20, 1857 Ans. May 29 Most honored Sir Doctor |! Yo ur interesting communication of the 25th of last month still lles unanswered with me,despite, that I intended day after day to write to you,. Spring and Summer leave the soldiers here little rest, and that, which remains, the plant lover uses to take care of his plants.. They, I had always hoped to be able to annouce to you, if they would let me stay here until the berinning of next month, or if the will of his majesty would have transferred me, This de - cision is still to be awaitedand, thus I will start workine with- out delay as a free moment has heen eranted m® just now, That much I can tell you with the greatest probability;that I shall not here any more in the next days of the month. Should my plants not yet have packed, you may study them then by yourself. It is quite possible, that I will come to Münster ‚and then we will see ea@h other there in the Fall. Ihe seed capsule of Perescia Bleo at Mr. Koch 1s not ripe yet,, and you will have patience in this resard.. Unfortunately, Mr Koch kept the plant too dry during the Winter, and thus most fruits dried upand only one remained,which hopefully will come to complete ripe- ness, te’nt Anh. sulcatum identical to Anh,.Katschulei ?°I remeber quite well, to have seen that plant on the Dy er. In its structure it has much similarity with’ Aloe or Hamarthia retusa. The humps have about the shom form (see small sketch on orieinal B.D. )sand,, as far as l can remember, are not larger, as ‚in general, this is the smallest Anhalonium known to me.. Extremely interesting was your communication about’: Leuchten -— bergeias It took thus until now an entirely wrong place in the clas- sification of the prince. Your observations about the inflorescense will be much enjoyed by Mr. Lahoumet; yho put the same informatt0m MISSOUR-I r BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi‘ | un April 20, 1857 on paze 162. Wenks makes a remark, which was much doubted by the prince and Mr..Faure, based on the propositiom, that it would be en- tirely improbable, that the flower could develop an the tip og the very elongated,., thirr tube-scales.. Two weeks ago I received finally; after being here 1% years,,a letter and shipment of plants from Mr. Labouretı His moving from T Ruffec anne and his settline in the latter place prevented him to write to me.. He made now a very valuable shipment to me of a lot of plants, of which I did not even know the name before now. Thus, e.g. E. hyptiacanthus, megatothele,, E. hypt. nritidus, E. Thomensis, nettrei- lanus, theloideus,then a monstrosityvof E. gibhosus from a place, the name of which I cannot decipher,which though lies below the 43ra M,N.. Further a M.. variabilis-(Labournet), Ech... Myslei; E.Echc.. Blanxii,, C.. Benneri, platygonus,. tephracanthus,pentaedraphoris,anguiniformis.. I wrote himagain immediately; made a counter-shipment, anf told himnat the same time, that you were in Europe, and would go to Paris during the Summer,and asked him as well, to send you seeds. If you have the time, do not let the effort disconrage you, tormake a side - trip TO Angant£me. The trip wonld be worthwhile for you and the stıdy of cacti. Yesterday I received already a reply from L,with an enclosure for yow;which contains a formal invatation for yous. If you should have the time to go once more to Linke,please have the kindness to tell himy he should not ship the ordered' plants yet, I would first write himas soon as I get a garrison location.. To you too, esteemed Doctore, I shall make this announcenent without delay.. Should my’transfer”be delayed for several weeks,by the way,, I announce will not available to you that I kavexnaxeemmikmenkz between the 4th and 8th of May 9 even if I am still here. with many’recommendations from G. Poselger, Yours Jacobi‘ MISSOUR-I E BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GARDEN v = & N ((trnalated from German script‘by E .„ Denison, Dec. 1988 ) MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed GaAarRDENn MISSOUR-I . 3 BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRrRDEN MIISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS 7 Mmaznema Be lanigh, s , If). en e. uu%Cı EN ‘ N e eur ua cr LFER, WELL ng, F-llug IN SH. ' z up yE frtmsune, oe er eur: £ 9 10 MIıSssoUuR-I BOTANICAL copyright reserved . GıArDeEn a 0m Missouri BOTANICAL GARDEN h EunDrp 7 = ’R GE er IN c F LN ANN i 1 % 4 | Be x ı Gen „ Bi L, T IRRE Fi E04 v > : k - 4 44 des e \ 4 ö A . x Fo 2 EIER: Er E00 en 8 9 10 MISSOURI 0 1 2.3 4 5 6 7 f BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN Ds deren | ar ee 32a ir Fe a, en my Ann Campar o ofhtarıts "Anne u Kann I I u Du sen ale 2 : ulm ah U FR 2 1 oe in rn a Arnag! LT? AR MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarDeEn Rec..Nov. 28 no Jacobi Munster, Nov. 24,1857 Frankfırt Honored Sir Doctor | For a lone time I have taken aim with a letter, but could not nn nun get to Lt|ane to overwhelming offitial work) and fulfilllmy inclina - — — tions for my private correspondencell, Now, finally, I can breathe again for a few weeks,and, thus do not warf] to hesitate to write to you.. That I could not come to Boel! - ger in Berlin according to arrangement, ‚I was very sorry.. Instead I had to go: to Potsdam and, thus, could not appear. Unfortunately, you did not keep our meeting-on the Dyck either, and in that manner,, we have still not achieved’ to discuss the cactus theme thoroushly and’ im repose.. This ia many ways the more unfortunate,, as we will hardly im this life have the opportunity to see each otheragmun Are vou still in Europe, or have you already crossed the atlan- tic ocean ? I do not know, but assume the first probabilityy and send my letter to your Mr. Brother in Frankfurt, Enclosed I send you a quantity of seeds, of which however you will: find many, which you have already received from me, which I send any- way again,so that you may take them with you to America and sow them there. You receive a lot of species much distributed here,which are probably also available in St. Louis« But I operated with this ship - ment also from another viewpoint, I packed, as far as this was pos- sible to me, entire fruitss from which you gaim impressions of the shape and colom Labouret pointed out to me during last summer, that there are fruits of Mammilariae, which are not‘ beyond question smooth, and Aput sert me as proof’ a berry of a plant being close to M.cpt.medusae, which carries many small hair- tufts on its outside, Under the micros- cope these hair-tufts appeared like a certain species of sea-rrass or the so-called. Muskadein. (% 9 10 MIıSSsOUR-I ‚ BOTANICAL copyright reserved DEGCAR DEN Jacobi _ 2 = Nov. 24,. 1857 en nn een nn nn nen ig The retina (German: NefZhant - Net-skin,E.D.),which stretches between kernel and husk of the muscat nut, Thus having become awares ‚„ I examined all!mammilaria berries available to me more carefullyw and found, that several of themcarry small!protuberances,which are neither hair nor scales, and for which I do not have a descriptive desienation. Most distinct are they on the enclosed fruit or M„ magnamamma 'arietina. Further, I have these protuberances,here and a rue. —ı_ & R there also in connection with hair on the fruits of sevral species which belong to the M, angulosae,- such as M.sempervivi, macothele,, Webbiana, ‚Welbiana, lonrerispina,salmiara,magenimamma,cencricirra, and Foersteri,and of the Phymatothoelis with M.megacantha.: Of all these species you receive fruits, and you may thus continue with your om observations,. long-pointed Often sit these fleshy, .........Zprotuberances on the upper part of the: berry near the „„.: su Of the Ccorollas zönetime They appear further dowm. In appearance they look almost like hair but I, differ through their Thabell- color,whereas the real hair are al- ways splendidly white. Beside the seed I enclose a dried flower of Echinocereus' acifer,. which will surely interest you. In the little green box is an unripe dried Tnult 6f the »... sure... Feressola Falas,which has fallen Off,: The fruits of the plant did probably not comLto development and’ma- turity, because Koch kept the plants too dry.. With the present so very favorable weather, the plant has certainly again set fruit,and m er I will admonish Koch, not to Yzk water be missing for the ripenine process, and, then, we will get enonueh ripe fruit,. My plants received here a better shelter, than I could provide untıı Now, 9 10 MISSOUR-I e BOTANICAL copyright reserved EC DEN built 1 myself a small elass-house and hope now to get more flowers and fruits,. In the local, rather heavy soil, my' plants prospered ontstandinely during the summer, unfortunately frust shows on several so stronely, that I fear for serions losses. I Khan for a time, that this sicknees was caused by lack of cal- cium in the soil. To correct this lack I mixed’some chalk into the earth, which howerer was not necessary here, as soil and water are extremely rich in calcium. My beautiful E. stenogani though are strong here and grew well! with mishty 'spines, however they have, everyone of them,rust. At Paßzani bloomed’ C,„ camprochlorus, and P. wants to have recognized in.it. ancomplete flower of an Echinops. I have figured this plant without donbt to the E chinocerei, and can not yet de- cide to gruup it with the Echinops based on Pazzani's observa- tjons.: I want to inquire from him, If the flower has nöt set seed,. If this is the case,one wonld gain a certain check on it.. In the outer habitus,by the way,, C,camprochlorus stands very close to ‚E ps.Brudgesili, but differs through thinner,somewhat longer spi- nes: and less strong existing ribs and flat furrows,. But I want to tell you Pazzani’s description of the flower still in writing. The flower stands in the most remote,first areole from the center of the crown for "top" 7, ED. ), but onivr One inch from this mych tenter-polnti: Judging from this position it would en an 7 5 Echinocer. than an Echinops.. It is nothing different, than an enor- mous copy of a white, broad-leaved (Jacobi uses "leaf" always for "petal" E.D.) flower of Echinopsis, of a imposing picture and with a strong Traßfrance of Jasmins-It 12 with the tube Lo 79" Jonz and 5" wide (could be 3" ,cannot read.E.D.) The like the Echinopsae uprieht and pointed’ scaled tube is below 1", in the middle 1%" 9 10 MıSssouRıl i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN - petals and ahove 2" diameter. The inner 3 tube swEUSs are white in the middle,strongly ribbed, and at the rim stronely woolly to 3/4" wide. The outer 3 rows are at the tip pale eranate-colored: Thisisa qlles- tion posed by me. The color of the semiprecious stone,i.e. dark black-red at the tip and blendine into lisht green, foprther dom washed out, with even stronger almost swollen ribbing.. The leaf-like, almost spiralpoints of the scales on the tube are a darker ereen protrudes with granat pointsand below them sushkst from left and rieht a long, contorted, nn wool' of white and transparent rose-carmim.. The pistil’ far elongated, in 15 parts,very licht vellow;s more than 100 anthers, in part orange, in parta eolden-yellow pollerr tuft rea- ching To. the yartıitıon oftha , ,. .... (the following is all written on the marein of the letter pares) Several items come additionallv to my mind, which I mist tell you. You remember, that I wrote you this spring, that I had received / - . - F r . from Labouret/iseveral Echinocacti, E. gibbosus Thowensis,,„which were supposed to be collected below the l}3rd” latitude. You then doubted this statement. But it is nevertheless eosrrectti/> \ . ‚because the isother- MiCo.er0.... of a higher loneitude come much closer to the pole im the Southern hemisphere than in the northern,. The particular plants K came from an island group of the mouth of the Rio Nesroy of which the large&st island has the nane .scrccsae Tr SNOows En freezes there,, which however accordine to vour om experience does not excinude the occnrence of cacti. The island eronp mentioned’ contains extensive de- posits of emano and the brother of the commercial eardener Cels im Paris collected the shipment, and Brousnt At’ with a shipment of ruano to his brother in Europe. In the province of Valdivia in Chile there are several cacti below 42° latitude. and the Cereus chilensis may be wo } ) oO at home on the island of the same name, below 42" 4y SS. 1lat.. The the bumpyı forms of Echinocactus and Cereus seem to belong to these, Kr In Anmentine Ey MISSOURII . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAarDEN Jacob} . Jacobi = 5 - Nov.24,1857 ‚ which desienate the south boundary of the cacti.. If you are already back in Amerika,or, when you will have returned there,I ask you, not to forget me and to send me seeds and plants, whatever you may be able to obtain anywhere. Should you BaEıll. De this side of the oceamand possibly desire,, to take plants from Eu- rope over there,please have the kindness, to let me knows I shall then get a selection together ard pack it well, so that they will arrive sauf et saim (French: safe and well) E.D.) With heartiest ereetines your most devoted Jacobi ('translated from German script by E. Denison;, Dec. 1988 )} 0 BR N RE N a O 1 2.8 4 5 6 7 8 9 710 Mıssour-ı BOTANICAL cm copyrightreserveed . GaAaRDEN — un. mw [% ie 7° Tan Bar Gm / An aß cum EE nn DE Ä nn ale G \ « 5» u . ‚x A 1] 7 we? 1. er RE % en ; a — IM ie ge a a a a a 0:53 2. BE. ee MISSOUR-! ’ BOTANICAL copyrightreservred . GarDeENn ma, AM EONA, ven du 4 2), FarAL OL u‘ mh ER EEE ; y Er „Ab, se, 1 BE 5 - ZUR a _ mV Ar “u, Nr DE ums A- / E; way Br BET u en Dar der Beinen nl ben Desk Or > Angı Amin BCE Gh WDZZ: PREN 4 ii 10 MıSSsOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CA EDEN md Omen 1 am A her Demand Lhrns elZO nV ray AI; E Man enst2Y ee a0. u 0 | . R > . Ir 2° u LE ZA sr. ' 2. Ge Dec “u | Rec. 7 EEE Dec. 29 Munster, Decenber 1,1857 Esteemed Friend | That my rather detailed letter, in which was enclosed the last shipment of seeds, has been lost, makes me very unh appy as I am now forced to recapitulate the long writing. However, I must say with Yacob Faithfer: no help cerying,better now next time (this quotation in Eng- lieh, E.D,) i sent you in the little case:a lot .of seeds,irrerardless, if you had received them earlier throush me or not, and I worked under the viewpoint‘, to let you have a lot of seeds, which you could sowin Ame- rika, and thus grow a lot of plants,which you may not have cultivated there until now. In a tiny box are the remains of an unknom Perescia,, which I was able to collect from"Mr..Koch's shrui,which had fallen off however prbor to being enclosed. I assume, that the fruits did not ri- pen, because a, kept the plants dry through the entire winter, where- as the Perescias demand much moisture also during Winter..As, höpe - fully, the plants set seed again thanks to the favorable weather for the Cacti last Summer, I shall write to Koch and admonish him,. not te 1er anything be amiss for the growth. IT, further, enclosed’a dried flower ofEchin. acifer ,„ which will probably be also of interest to You. A large part of my last letter was devoted to the descriptiom of the flower of Cer.lamprochlorus ,„ which" Pazzani had observed in this Summer,and who wants to classify the plants therefor with the Echinops, As you yourself will have been in Vienna and probably looked up Pazzani,, you can dispute this rarity yourself with hims From his descriptiom it is not clear, if the stamina are limbo adnatae, which until now was con- sidered a mairr characteristic for the Echinopsae. The stamen of the flower, quite tight at the apex, points more to Echinocereus „ As to exterior appearance, the plant stands near" Eps.Bridgesii,which however,, as far as I know, has not yet flowered with US.: MISSOUR!I BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAarDeEn ee _ 2 _ Deo, 1,1857 Another statement in my last letter refers to the observatiorn made by me or rather by Labouret, that not all fruits of Mammila- riae are entirely "laevis".Lab. sent me durine past Spring a fruit of a plant closely related to M.Cpt. 2? on which small'hairyness shows. Observed under the microscope, the individual hair appear broad not round. The fruit has 4 of them, of which 2 are more speci- fically devebpled as hair tufts than the two others. Two of them stand more toward the lower part of the seeds,while the two others tend more toward the "mucro", but s]iare arranged spirally: around the fruit..In consequence of this remark, I turned my attention this Summer toward this circumstance, and thus found, that the fruits of excrescenses several Mammilariae carry strange zxezxwrekiuns,which can not be named scales nor hair. I observed them with M.sempervivi, macrothele, Web- hbiana,Webbiana loneispina, Salmiana, magnimamma,azietina,centricirra,, Faerateri, and megacantha.These are long, round, pointed' excrescen- ses as lonz as they are fresh,often extended horn-like, mostly ad - pressed in the dry state but, also not transparent white like the hair tufts of the fruit of Labouret but lisht-colored, opaque. In fresh state they have the colors of the fruits themselves. I mailed you, with my present shipment of seed,.as much as ever possible, entire fruits, so that you may also brine into the circle of your obser- vations their form and coloration..Of these fruits you will find one un like M..arietina ‚pn which the described excrescenses are distribu- ted most visiblyin the fashion described with it.. In the diarnosis of the divisiom Mammilaria it must say ""nudea plerumque laevis" with not undue sketches giving explanations of these hair and protube- rances. May-be you remember, that this Spring,as we met in Berlin , I told you,that I had received a E,.Thomensis from Labouret,which & is sun posed to exist at 43 latitude. You doubted this then defini- «_ tively, as in the northern half of the globe cacti do not exceed the 10 MISSOUR-I R 3 BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAaRDEN Jacoby . 3 - Dec. 1, 1857 the 34th” latitude.Lab. is however right, and I submit to you, thatthe prevailing lareer ocean surface in the South makes the cli- \ mate of the same latitudes sigenificantly milder. Buenos Aires lies on the 3uth" latitude, where many plants prosper, which come closer to the tropics, and from which hale a not insignificant number of cacti.. Altes On the southern boundary of the state Buenos Ayres,formed’ by the Rio negro, there lies at its mouth a small group of islands, of which the largest is named Thowa. This island area is being visited fre - quently by guano gatherers, and the brother of the gardener Cels in Berlin,who is ships- captain in the merchant marine brousht from there several species Echinocactus, of these:E.Thauensis, E.ferox, and E.gibbosus,which, however, I consider all only varieties of E. gibbosus This island Thowa lies though on the same latitude as the South of the province Valdinia of Chilewith the island Chilae, which v belongs to it, from which comes the probably doubtful E.chiloenze,. When you get back agaln to St, Louis, I hope, you will send mehgain seeds fromnPanther (cannot read name, E.D.) and, if possible,, also plants; The best time for shipping would probably be the end of February or the beginning of October „ T' fear three items in ship- ping,they are; Insufficient packing, moisture and heat, I do not fear at allla good frost, if the well! surounded plants are wrapped in a good layer of chopped straw. Give to Mr. Dany regards and tell him, that toward Spring I will write him about an exchanere of plants, Now I want to say good-bye for today'with the request,to let me know how long you will remain in Europe and where I may think: of you, preferrably in Italy, It is quite desturbing, that we could talk only a short time both times;,when we met. How much I would have liked to show you my collection urxssedsxthis Summer on the green erounds of the Exhibitior MIıSSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GaAaRDENn Fr ’ # int? A Jacoby mr 4 - Den, 1,10% Mr. Schaefer'!s plants look very welliand I shall brine him your greetings.,. With God (actually "with the recommendation to God", E.D.. Yours: Jacoby (translated from German scrip t by E. Denison, Nov. 1988 ) ease exXcuse nk)spot, it occured Nöte on right margin of vage,2 P Ä PAe (Fr after the letter had become entirely ready MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAaRrRDEN ee ri P » , eh 2 £ 1 i “ w Fa ” F are ut Zenn T IR ACH UF- % 7 c | Lam LEE re Sa 4 KH vmıımmu uf Bu Parn CanusLCA ; En Gange gu IF | TANICAL GARDEN Missoppı Bo GEORGE ENG A = a > ; | i s | are organ vr rt Lama 9 10 MIıSSOUR1I - : BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GarDeEn E; EN Boranichl GARD | S \EngEL MAN! u. MissouRrt GEORGE a Tr 7 —— AG ca ; ETEI: MISSOUR-I . : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Ak N Av) IN \ WY a “ L GaRrdEN aa DR GEORGE ENGEEMANN PArER® Dr Een AUEen EI NAAR N NITc rrr ZNTAR HIDS2URI DBUTARICA Tr f. = 5 Zu. EN DR. ı u In Pe wi. Mr : - m “ u BÄRER, a 1? ı -. ; / Y K 4 h Ga CA 4 ’ Br / A an | ne FB : 4 pt Aare Er m ve vu RO RG abo 262000” ’ Z ! , 7 ,, u + Sr Ant ya ; ER 7, er ET Zr u be an Anmrhnn L A . ; dur FR, MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . 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Bee ana v ER ng al U Anzar EZELE ie RE U a a ee ’ a #3 ale BE ee ee FR Be & ie a nn = Ze us 5 ee 7 8 9 10 MISSOUR-I - BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN DeN IE re IE char 5% ul I. | Aun Ann IA Ger war r GE WE . N y AL Ei > u he | nf en a i E I jr a7? re De en ul Ilm - FR m? ge va, du nee 1 Bon! gun ng? ae Am EL nn Algen NIE BEE 2 EM PRE 5. ar - ’ | FE gs SEE er a pt 2 .. Ds | EG obk rn 2 Re TE ge TE une ee | MISSOUR-I a BOTANICAL copyright reserved BE REBER An ey A 94 2 er IG nn | dh v7 4 WIE! A 097 DIET Geh IB Sms TEENS ee Hans 227 FR url gr aumus‘ em | sr Dar DEr de ah SER BE HB Der. Akten) L 3 > ge % AED, GH 7 ER Pa ass, Fr AR Be mio won Ah % Ma >; See Yen zur? ed a! ey m amı Ir LH Fa EEE Inf Aa run, Fadı Has AGENT a un Lan Do Ian Por HE FL engel ? aA Fre ar RIM er Gar Gase un ches: gr “2 c Gr Dpn Di Br se Hu 207 a ar Ha, men ame, IDEEN TIE FE 1, frame, ZIZZA ve + HA4r! AHA, male ent ha, 2 jan sel Lulet ud RAFRT safı'osa, PR SER? UHR ı EEE “ des au), R PALABREENE HL: FE RG F307 2 f ' \ vertus age ang m... BE: u ee EN 5 r pe > ; , MIN En ENGELM/ Mrggourl BOTRNICAT Br IN GEORGE DD rn Pos 71009 Honig rd DAR Mn RER Pa Dan ae Gele nn GE LE da Or Bu Ha nz in Ze A a ut uf dar y 4 432 amfnt P BR ; ah er EI GI Ir Ei Deaaak REBPEROHRER, RR BIER KREISEL | | MISSOUR-I : ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved . GARDEN = PR 22 = ge 2 ee ee re a ba ar Ey AASE e 4 Er, 9 Er Ge “ Po pebchann Fern _ pr = GE 1, Du 4 Taelgsnne— ng Un ee 2 , u ee e I Om Fa, Cr EDS So [II E2BEATL_ E52 im Z ey en a BALL MissouR! BOTANI 2 GEORGE Dan Sn MISSOUR-I =, 8 9: 10 BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarRrDEn | 2 y\ Arme Fig ERNOFT Isaen, i a EIer] 025 25 BBIRED, ABA var UTANER E.ı ! NEwy® vorKe a SEITE a mm eu lei, 8 7/L_ Vmille aumsuniug BL. ei IERNLATEH No furHar Seitornemenk unh Che face under aeg, a ht And yon an a, u Sr, .*/. is Me ( ’s iM ne 4 5 7 7 ) Tor: 10 Mıssourı BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRrRDEN Rec. Nov. 24, 1866 Ze le. nr 26, 1866 Ans. Dec. 29 n | ; (date appears with sirnature) Most esteemed Sir Doctor ! Fully ten years have flomm by since you visited your land of birth the last time, and I had the pleasure to get aquainted with you. You ful - filled Ahnen your promise, to get to me your precious work about the cacti of the United States, and in all that time my soul! felt!: stricken with guilt, that I have still not thanked you for this valuable gift.. But I have beem prevented’ from this duty throush my migratory life as a soldierythroush numerous business in the line of duty, and not ina small way through the care and observatiom of my own plants. In recent vears however I delayed the execution of my duty to thank‘; because I myself was occupied with a scientific work. This has now been completed to a major part, and, enclosed, I send you the section,which has been completed so far.. Our most esteemed friend and patron of both of us, prince Salm, has since passed into the other world; unfortunately,for his friends and science much too early..The last work which he publishediwas a dissertation in the Banjalandia, ‚a systematic organization of the Agavae of his garden. As I too occupied myself for some time with this familyy his work interested me extraordinarlyy and shortly before pub- lication of his work A certain professor C. Koch in Berlin found him- in the setf inclined’to publish a sketch about the Aravae/Berlin weekly’for Horticulture and Plant Sciencesacarryine entirelyvthe character of the author, that of superficiality and onesidedress, I decided to dare my- self the organizatiom of the Agavae,, based on long years of observation of the Agravae in various gardens and the culture of a not insiernirfi- cant collection of my own on the basis of the system of divisions ac- cepted by prince Salm“ Besides a sound knowledee of the plants on the Dy er, there was available to me the collections in the Berlin botari. 2 cal Garden,probably now, the most important in the eastern ar MISSOUR-I j BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi - 2 .- Oct. 26, 1866 EN 38 ee en, because I was in zarrison at the beginning of my effort in Berlin.My official assien - ment then as inspector of training of the army,brousht me every year into all provinces of the monarchyvand permitted! me with ease opportu- nity for excursions into neishboring lands. I visited in this fashion the rich collections in Beleium,Holland, England and also the gardens in Vienna,Munich,farlsrube, and „..2.2...2.2200., and believe to have aquired a rather exact knowledge, what until now is being cultivated in Europe. Armed with this knowledge I went to work and the result of my labour 1l1es In front of yous I’prefered, to publish’ the opus in an american publicatiom (marazine),in order to include a number of items,, which are best kept away from a scientific work. At the same time, I give free rein to critics to devour my opus and perhaps to correct all kinds of errorsz;3.I wanted‘ to begin with, onlyvprovide the arena; to attract various fighters,so that through an exchange of’ opinions the truth will come to the light. Dr. Seemanmin London’ declared himself willingeto deliver a thorough critic of the opus after it has been completed, for which I amıgratefullin advance to this oustandinge bota-: nist and thorough' scientist.. Once I have this judgement in hands, I want to undertake the re - arrangement of the whole with elimination of all insierificant and ad- dition of illıstrations.. Photography willimake this much easier and Alex. Braun has already promised me, to have the Agavae of the Berlin | perhaps Garden photographeii. Even if you, esteemed‘ Sir Doctor, did/not occupy yourself specifically with the Agavae ‚you would nevertheless oblige me in gratitude, if you would donate (sic,E.D.) to my work an exami- rinz eye in a general botanical connection, ‚and to let me have your honest and plain judgement. My week attempt can of course not line up with your oustanding achievement and is of course only a start ‚but ) tions: I think’ in magnis voluisse sat est (Latin, ppobable translati 10 MIıSSOUR-I ’ ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GARDEN Jacobi’ = 3 z Oct. 26, 1866 to have desire4 in a big way is sufficient. E.D.) I am entirely‘ satis- aNVt fied to have stimulated, perhaps to/called to the attention of a’more competent and more capable championto pick up the throwm stone and to examine it closer.. Our common friends, the cacti, I have in no way nerlected, thoneh they stand for the moment aside. My other attention I devoted over 10 years to the Echinocerei, of which I posess a considerable collectiom with exception of pectinati and its relatives. Of these I have unfortunately still not yet wunearthed the correct method of culture, they perish over time one and all.. Last summer I had rich amounts of flowers from several species; which, unfortunately, I did not see, because I was in the campaign against the Habsburg-Lothringen House,. Strongly flowering were::Ec. papilosus, procumbens, ermecanthus,, Berlandieri. Some years back I found at Haage in Erfurt a small plant as E. procumbens, seeing immediately, that it was misnamedi. It has de- veloped since then magenificentlyvand justified my objection. The sec- tions only half as thick as with E „ procumbens,and less long, the ribs different, and the spines shorter and stronger. Unfortunately, the plant has not yet flowered. As soon as this happens I will describe it and plan Lo Ball It 56, teiuis,. I also posess a half dozen interesting forms of E. setispinus,, for which I am to a major part indebted to the old Baumann in Vienna,, from which I also received a fine specimen off Ec..Fondleri. The Mammila- riae, mentioned in your book, are with us one and alllvery great rari- ties. Can you not share sometime some seed with us ?' The old Fuer on the Dyer is still alive but very old and fragile. He and his collee- tion of succulents are there onlyvtolerated’ old rnturss The present prince has no use for the collectiom What is there, is supposed to te PP be maintained;but nothing new will be aquired,and thus the rich col- lection 10 MIıssouRrıl . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi' FR ly r oc 2b, \&b of its kind is miehtily decimated .„ On the whole the interest in cacti here has almost entirely disappeared,and the Berlin Garden is probably the only one,which has a meanineful collection, Since we hawe not seen each other, there have been largre re- volutions with you and in Germany« We in North Germany only had to do with rotted, already half decohposed elements, and for that reason, the rotted fruits deteriorated in the fresh spirit of a unified and and strong trunk \ after short convulsions they were broken dom. With you the elements were of a larger nature and you had first the learm the trade of war. Therefor the battle lasted longer with you, But,you will now earn the fruits’despite Johnson aededes and his cotton.. At our comedy I was most amused by the long faces of the Frankfurt money- bags, whose youth will have nolens volens tb learn somewhat more oft tne trade Of war chen from „nun syn +. Dlayine Böldier, With Austria the comedy is completely finished.. We had the opportunity,to study the conditions there completely, and returned home with the con- viction, that in the next few years all will'collapse.. What willl come out of the arowing chaos, only heaven knows. The Habsburg rather gite up tneir crown and empire than land and jingoism, Now, my most esteemed Sir Doctor Stay welliand do not forget to write, do not* repay equal with equal] collect firyvcoals on ny euil- ty head’and delisht me soon with a kind communicatiom With honest devotion v.Jacobi (Gemeralyfteutenant? and Artillery Insp. Breslau, Oct. 26,1866 10 MISSOUR-I ’ BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRDEN Rec. Nov.24,1866 - 5 - Postscript of 0ct.29,1866 EEE The preceding part of my communication was ready:to be mailed,, when I received from professor Braun your kind shipment of seed of E. Simpsonrii, and saw from this,how kind you were to disresard my silence to think of me. My sincerest and heartiest thanks for thenm.. We cultivate here for a number of years an Echinocereus intro- duced by a Mr. Draegre from Hamburg,who was for a fairly lone time li- vine in Mexico, which was named erroneonslyvby Senwe E. Ehrenbergii. The latter species, which belongs also to the Thelaideae is a good species,which I also cultivate.. The species of Draege is digtingeu- ished throueh longish, terminally semispheric, uprieht standing humps upon the ribs with very lones ( up te 3%), flexible, in this and that way tinsdifferent directions twisted,certral spines,distinguished from all other species of this Alvislons Gould it be E „.simpsonll 7 of the locality of its existence I have no knowledge, I made the decision now to enclose still several! Echinocerei of my collection for shipment to you,. of which no mention is made in your opus and which came from Pazeleer from America. Others I received from the Dyer. Enclosed are:: 1) Echcer. papillosus Linze related to E.Berlandieri,but a sie- nificantiy larger form; ,the flower in contrast is smaller, Here is the description of my own: sepals lance-shaped, lisht-....-red, dirty,. with darker middle-stripes,the latter on the outside,......red.Petals in two rows, lance-shape,rather pointed with short white points, in their upper one-half 43 ''''hroad,somewhat smaller toward the base, blueish-vermouth, somewhat fleshy, the bud with 3 - 33 " dm. Tube 1 * lonrg,3 " dm,toward the basis strongly narrowed, covered spirally: with bumpy „ses cese000.. areoles,which are protected by egg=-shaped or pointed’scales. Scales dark red, covered with ........ spines. Sta- mens very numerous,arising from the base of the tube from the lowest 6 MISSOUR-I P BOTANICAL copyright reserved DE AR DEN Jacobi = 6 = 0ct.29,1866 ef ons third öf its lensth on, “......,.ıredsfiliform, #""long,. Anthere loneish',attached to the basis, ,„.two-lobed.,.zold-yellow. Fruit- knot inverted egg-shaped B '!'' long, calyx uniformly 7 ''' long. Piatil thick, 1 " long, 14 '!’° Am, licht red, columnar (? E.D.). Stiema lone-parted, in 9 parts,ereen, surmounting the anthers. Besides a picture of the plant, from which you can see the color of the spine formation I also enclose a seed capsule. The Y Homslakttou sections arise from the lower part of the basic stem (this/is a guess,E.D.) and turn-in short sections upward. In this structure,. the plant is considerably different from E.Berlandieri,where the base trunk lies horizontally on the eround and the younger Sctions rise almoskE vertically upward.. 2) Ec.Poselgerianus Linze. You will notice readily the diffe- rence between this and the E. pillosus (why two "LL" E.De). Farther distanced areoles, thinner,lisht-ereen,almost stick-like sections (Jacobi calls them "members" E.D.) and sienificantly lower humps. The. sections reach a length of 9 - 10 '. The structure of the plant is in general very similar to E.papillosus. The plant has not yet flowered.. 3) the Cereus, mentioned on the first page, which I wanted to name tenuis. You will recognize on first viewing the difference be- tween it and E. procumbens. It has not yet flowered.. 4) E.Salmianus Scheer Received by prince Salm from Scheer. Flowers soon and amply. The flowers arise from the lower parts of the sections. Funnel-form 3 " tube. Bud 13 - 2 " dm beautiful cinne- bar red. Flowers for several days. At 9 in the morning the flower closes somewhat and does not unfold aeain until 5 p.m. and remains open durine the nishts. A most interesting plant for this reason. MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Jacoby Er BR Qats: 29, 1866 5) E c. spec. received from von Haage as Ec.castaneus. rela - ted to the previous one but specifically different‘. Unfortunately I ailstinctly aid not see the flowers last summer, but the buds were already\dif- ferent in shape and color.- 6) E c. Scheerii Salm Comes also via Dyer from Scheer. The two previous ones also related, but much longer sections, is very lischt- green and with softer flesh than the other previous ones. Tube 3-4 * lonrg,also beautifully red'but a little ligchter.: 7) Ec. gelycimorphus Genre a relative of paucispinus,but suffi- ciently different from this; has not yet flowered.. 8) Ec.conglomeratus Först from Baumann in Vienna. A smaller form of the same species I received fromGenre as Ec. stramineus,which is wrong. . 9) Ec.pulchercus Foerst a very close form of this and probably only a variety .I received from Genre as E c.Salm -dyexianus.. 10) Ecr. acifer P_ brevi spinogus Nob. More about it in the Berlin Garden newspaper by Otto. Year 1854 No.1%. Both had been re- . ni er W Ä [UA celved by the Main Custons Office „.<.,,.,. Behefer in Münster se. veral years back from northern Mexico. Despite the fact that my spe- cimen is a very strong one, it has never flowered I doubt however the correctness of my opinion expressed in 1854, that it isa pale pe varlety of Ec, acifer,. I believe, that it is a true species.. 11) E c. pleiogonus-Lab. has not yet flowered. 12) O0. nov.spec. I received this interesting plant from the gar- den of Oliva in Danzig. It does not exist in any other collection known to me,and, unfortunately,I have not been able to develop: anything about its origin.. It is distinguished throush a rTeversed club-shaped‘, or, may-be, elipsoidal pointed’ form of its sections and throueh thelong, transparent, white, flexible and adpressed' spines,lyinez in all directions, from all others belongeinge to the 10 MISSOUR-I 2 BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi ur Oct. 29,1866 plathiacanthae. It is obviously a more northerly form as it is very hard. 13) ripe seeds of E. Cummingii r—n I hope, that cr hese plants will arrive in good shape, and ask you to inform me, 1f you tan give detalls about their distripution.. Ec. Poselgerianus and papillosus go here and in France simply as Ec. Blaerii,. Poselgr,. That is entirely wrong... E. Blaerii is a much smaller,, eraceful form and supposedly’the one, which Foerster named Ec. mamni- "lifer. The latter I have not yet seen Now pwemit me to finally ask you, if you cannot let me have some from your collection,be it plants or seeds. The following species would be most desireds M, micromeris, Lasiacantha,.Grahami, pheliospernma,, Wrishtil, meiacantha, echinus, pectinata, tuberculosa,, radiosa,, Macro- meris, fissurata..E. Scheerii, Cantii, Emoryi,, ninidescens, , horizonta- lonius, ‚intertextus.. E c. viridiflorus, chloranthus,dasyacanthus, ctenoides,„ coespitosus, longizetus,, dubius, Engelmannii,, Emoryi,. Information about cultural instruction for Fectinati.. 0.stenopethala,, Emoryi, Grahami, Greggii. Anthispus (?? E.D.) In the copy of your opus,which came to me from Leipzig, table XIV of illustrations is missing. »Would it be possible, to obtain this stili ? Now my most esteemed friend I take leave for this time from you. In the hope, that my shipment will arrive in good order and that you will find them while in good health, I greet you with most sincere devotien, Your Jacob! I let the letter go separately and mail! the box with the plants later,. (translated from German script by E. Denison, Dec. 1988)\) MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GARDEN Listine of receipts from Leutenant-General Jacobi’ by Dr. Engelmann Echinocereus glycimorphus_ ....... = paucispinus E. papillosus Linke „...:„.u,4s. = Berlandieri major E. PLEIOKOTUE onaunsrnassuen Unlike the one TL Ersy (an Echinopsis ? ) E, tenuis Jacobi „ounsneesrnr... = procumbene E. acifer var.breXipetalus Jacobi Es pulecheris Foster:,....22..... = polyacanthus (RR +#:1 or E. Poselgerianus Linke allied to Berlandieri and probably distruct E. castaneus Haage similar to pleioronus Salm (bloom), unknown to me, not my castaneus E. Salmianus Scheer Serben.“ Unknown to me E. Scheerii Salm Opuntia "Ollvae" “acobi with an ovate ...... joint is unknown to me Plants living, sent by Gen. Jacobi in the Fall of 1866 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GıArDEn DD 4 a Ar er 37 Bontme Eu 1gb ER z a N er er Weed IN » a nn en a5 Y -ny/ GARDEN MissouRl BOTANICH De nRS PERS -YMANN PA INN ERT A u En. NT | N n N ai SL ee a ER Br | EEE Ei Be A). Dh St} pi N NS IT Rx GE ; ge ie BG VER ET In = RL u; BE Zonszen ARE Dr R 5 2 | ? EEE = ER B/704 2 Eh RE eh, Lust MISSOUR!I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRDEN BE, nk 7F ER i / Mn hund. ET L mM a 4 Ammann N 7-/9 RER Tr u y, 1, y4 Dontharı Bau mr GELEGT Eu eh EAN Brefece a RL DE ne LP. van ylimnH ZU am f emnoa card Ar | > EN ul au Alu r PERL BT J ln GE | af 7, reine Taspapel FAR Fk us, ach, syaınutns | vun. aan ZUuLk msnlempn Tasse umlurd, copyright reserved . MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN R) Pam Dei nf Phantom . ee JE erh 2 Amp Ar Fern gAamerabn re Plan ul me > 27 U N RR SAMNN wi ud‘ gel IA gm une une : DZ 2 = 5 RE ER u. a = a 2: Pa 2 > $ “ Ge 4 Bas ya u 2 ; mA nd genau gung ln P man e 0 419 sure ud, and der ..* wer: 1, 9.2, sat ; Te BDA RT, DI TN IE IRINA N MIıSSOUR-I j i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAaRDEN Vf Der an a ‚ BI. Rs EZ % ch Dr DE a N Ca? RING, ZUR. Aa au, zA sehe rn ur I Ze ge 5 lpund zo == ' A pe: < | MISSOUR-I j BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GaAaRrRDEN NN a Sn 2 5 SS AS, en 5 | F - “e Br. < 3 ag —m— m mn : d NIE N NUENUSI INN 2 ö DE = | N Mm 73 27, | | Lam GE EEE GEGEN nl mn - - es | DD Den ng dene EA LEHE / Saun Gi2sS u Url s = A. > WEIT SATL ‘ EN SI. zw , 9 % e J MISSOURII BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GarDEn Bund oh 4 Anl garn. rn os Fe EEE EAN > 22 Dhrd #2 ae | x Missourı BOTANICAL GARDEN z 4 S GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS3 n. N te a er Pad Anl, Ir Io... 8. ISN»T AN SS N er AS. MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAarDEn Rec. May 13 Jacoby Breslau, March 19, 1867 en. N Very esteemed Friend ! You made me very happy by your substantial, friendly communica- tior of Dec. 12 of the preceding year, and would have answered long ass [an ago „ had I not been oceuptedldr an interesting, official job, the s . . e De ——n - i — experlences of artillery‘in the war in the past year |for a long tinef. Now I have again a little air, and will not delay to reply to your friendly remarks and questions.. I Cactı 1..E.papillosus If I am not mistaken, I’ sent along a fruit of this species to you. You consider this a larger species of E.Berlandierii . If, however, one compares the illustration and descriptiom of the fruit of E._Berl.. with the fruit of E.papil!,these two are so conpletely dif- ferent from each other, that I would not share your view. Also, the J entire growth of these plants is different. While E.Berlandieri creeps with root-connected members along the soilj,and, then,, produces with these members vertically standing sprouts, the members of E.pap,are N) N never rising (ascendented) and produce much fewer sprouts,. Continued on page 1 a MISSOUR!I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GıARDEN Jacobi - 12 - March 19, 1867 2. E. Berlandieri that, which is beine cultivated with us under this name cannot be the correct plant‘, even though the plants have much similarity in the illustration, because their fruits differ so much from each other. With my plant the dried perigon falls off (deciduus). On your plant is appears persistens. The fruit of my plant is quite club-shaped, spiral-formed with very protruding ,. pointed elevations ( or "humps" or bumbs, E.D.),which agree con«= pletely’in shape and positiom with the humps of the plant,, only with much finer needle-spines The seeds, embedded’ in rather firm flesh are for the most part sterile (/in German "misscarryine" E.D.) and on several ripe seeds the albumen has protruded into the flesh of the capsule from the cover. Could not these fruit, given time „ develop into branches as with O0. Salmiana. In order to further de- termine this, I left a frulis attesned to The HBlant, continued on page 2 DS BEER I 1a man Ba, % 3.4.85. 7.8.9: Missouri BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAaRDEN Jacobi March 19,1867 3. E.Boelgerii belones standing by itself (?) heredistineuishes it- self, however, through its considerably longer,softer, and weaker sections, as well as throngh the full’bottle shape and lesser hairy- ness, Would God want, that my very strong, old plant wonld come in- to flower.. 4. E._tenuis does certainly stand close to procumbens_ but has humped members and remains much smaller in all parts with excep — tion of the spines, which are much stronger again.. The ribs consist of 6-sided humps.. 5.. E. Scheerii thoueht it flowered several times for me, it never set fruit. As soon as this happens, I will send you some.. 6. E. glycimorphus is still different from'E. paucispinus.. Besides,, we must wait for the flower.. very different from: 7. E. conglomeratus is E.. cuneacanthus_ in all and every'way.. The stiff, straight arising members distinguish it at the first view from: Litzleum (??? E.D.) with its slack, .little ascending members wart Ike (%%ED) and Tneir Fa: „.......... 0... epidermis; the position of the links is also substantially different..The members of E. congl.have & club- more inverted, somewhat stretched \form; they always come to a point toward the top.. 8.. E. Salmianus has a green stigma. Here isa description of the flower:: Flowers from the older areoles, often more from the basis of the axis,, tube 35" long *""dm,toward the calyx nointed cup-shanped,, somewhat! base . green with muddy whäte stripes between pullvill&e Pulvilli 3 -— $ * distant, raised humped,long-woolly,with 4 inner and 9 - 10 outer brushlike spines, all!’ extending straisht,the 3 longest fork-like turned,wavys the areoles are protected by a lenethy, poim- ted, red”scale.. Sepals linear’ yellowish-rose-red with a dirty-greer center stripe. Petals in 3 rows, yellowish with white points, pretty, almost carmin. Stamens very numerous, ‚white below from the middle up MISSOUR-I i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GaAarRrDENn Jacobi 3 . “ March 19, 1869 pale Bose-red, closely balled together with the pistil.Anthers lisht-yellow - reddish. Pistil rising above anthers, stiema vividly lisht gereen.. For E. pulchellus, acifer, brevispinus and pleiogonus the flowers must be waited for. E. papilosus is skywide different from E. penta- lophus« Latyhorus (please check name,E.D.) thoueh is very close to E..procumbens, .If you wish to obtain seeds of new and cultivated Mammilariae and Echinocacti I will collect them for you.. Now to the Agavae That my classification of the Agavae is only a poor makeshift I know very well, and acknowledge it ever more from day to day as, the more I penetrate into the substance of this plant family. As we know still few flowers,it becomes necessary,to find in a pre- liminary way other important points;.and there I do see anyhow,, that the determined characteristics of the individual plants are placed rather correctly..A great satifaction was egranted me,that my A. Goeppertiana developed’ its own and that very different species,which arain demands an entirely different divisiom, as the stamina in alabastro non inflexza are,which is the case in no other so far known inflorescence of Agavae,but only for the Faurorogae and Bernehor- eriae. Thus A..Goepportiana is a true Agave. Description of the flower will appear in the May issue of the Hamburg Garden News.. According to the inflorescences the Agavae distincetlyvfall into two main geroups, those with inflorescentia paniculata and those with inflorescemtia spicata; accordingly the parasraphs of mypresent di- vision will have to be modified considerably.Thus,e.g. will my entire par. 1 probably belong to the spicatis,whereas par. 2 and 3 belong certainly to the paniculatis.Very strapre is the formation of bulbs ( 2??? E.D.) in our species without development of a seed capsıle.. MISSOUR-I ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved FCRRDEN Jacobi e 4 Pr March 19, 1867 I will soon undertake, to 7 combine the Ccollected experiences about the flowers of the Agavae ina dis where I have already gathered rich material.. I have succeeded’ so sp to now far to collect some 20 Agavae flowers, ee... not described,. so that their collectiomis substantial and has doubled, What you say about Timth'=s - superficiality and incompleteness I underwrite blindly« But I tooo fell for a fault of his censured by you, will however improve du - ring the final editing o& my work. I used several terms improperly,, for instance I used often spina or dens, when it must be called acu- leuss The Agavae have „........7,. acaulelr then, in the beginning,, ID used leaf position instead of leaf directiom My transfer here to Breslau had a very beneficial influence on on my existing anatomi- cal methods, and, speciallyyn the close contact’ with professor F.Cohn,, possibly one of the most knowledgseable plant physiologists now living.. My observations so far about the Aravae, have brousht the con- conclude viction to me,„that one could with considerable certainty Judsz from the structure and pre 0 of the leaves, as well as their position, about the inflorescence and the stand of flowers.. But, within the larger perimeters thus established, one finds agair very strange, diverging existences. Thus, I found besides others during the KUNX&K Fall of 1865’in the garden of the Villa Serbetani on Lake Como an Agave, the A..flavavirens No. 81 (this number, by the way,, is a printing error, it should be 80 ar).. You find on pes 259 & 260 the description of the inflorescence and the flowers,to which I add the accompanying sketch as explanation; there too you have the sta- mina which are affixed to the rim of the calyx.. I had drawn the pis- til at first too short, thus you find the ring in middle of then.. Here corresponds an equallyy Earssune of the flower to the stiff, thick-haired arrangement of the leaves.,. MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN sertation with illustrations,. che Ulrrıe ck Ey: Jacobi’ IN March 19, 1867 A different,equally interesting, because divereine from all other Agave flowers, is A.. Euemettiana (could be Ellemettiana,E.D.), Wııllan ?’ E.D; which flowered past Sprinz at Sir Willam Wilson Saundersin E n8- land. Description of the plant page 178 of the Garden News; awl- shaped leaves: (the German is ährenförnig - formed like the ears of a arass,E.D.) in pairs from each leaf node; perianth funnel-shape, consisting of unconnectedj,thinlined points-around the rim of the re- ceptacle (German: flower-base,E.D.); the point...2.:... opposite,, entirely free standing on the flower base, the 6 stamens rising above the (corolla ? E.D.) by 3 times, 2 inches long» Pistillrising from the middle of the flower base with head-shaped scar,1 3/L" long.. The position of the points is: almost exactly like that of the Fondaenogen , which are also incised into the floral base ‚whereas CGRE nun seinen nn ns Are entirely ther F tra Aaıvaa,. You see from this, what distinctly caracteristio differen- ces the flowers of AgaVae love,and how little one can think at pre- sent, considering the state o& knowledge, about a classification according to the flowers.. Concernine the Aravae mentioned by yous I eome first to the Leckuieuila_ from Satillo.. This seems to me to be a more compressed form of’ A. stricta Glm. No. 83, also often in our gardens as As. histris. Should this form come into bloom for us, my susplelon would immediately come to a decisiom. In the report by Emory, table IT p- 213 an A. parviflora is mentioned,which according to the leaves and aucunne rennen» Pointe also tomard the plant mentioned by uyou,, only, the leaves are distinctly shorter. On the other hand,, the des- cription of the flower points agaim to your plant,. Only, unfortunate- ly nothing is noted about the length of the points,. Also, the plant, which you: consider to be A.filamentosa,;, seems 9 MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAaRrRDEN Jacobi * 6 “ March 19, 1867 to belong To the groups „ws. .so4s sonne. en Milch ofter om mation of thread occurs on the leaf rims, but it is definitely not A. filamentosa, as you will see from the description of the flower,, given by me on ps 199 and 200.. A. Greggii'seems to be a still! unknown form to us.. Anyhow, I will mention in an appendix those plants known to me from my own inspectiom, and shall therefor be much obliged about communications about the Agavae in your life. I would be very glad,, if I could get viable seed of your A. maculata and a plant of A, vir@inicasz The descriptions and illustrations by Hooker in the Botanical Magazine are unfortunatelyy very incomplete and of a superficial'na- ture, so that one can not rely on them.. I received’ some time back a lot of hybrids from the deceased’ Schaefer,which he developedi by pollinating Phyl6ö. crenatus-with other Phylocacti\..... or hybrids: with different Cerei;.and in this year I will have the pleasure,, to see the flowers of these plants.. Most curious I am about a fer- tilizatiom of Phyl.. phylanthoides with Echier.. acifer.., of which I have at least 3 dozen plants, which howerer do not show important alfferentes:in the land üf tne .„...... In politics ouf views apparently do not coincide ?’If we could freely express ourselves, I believe, that we are not so far apart. You were disturbed about abomhh the behaviour of our generals in your home-city' (verbatim: Ifather-city",E.D.). If you, however,, consider, how smoothlyythe hatred against Prussia-has beer fired: (tea vorel ,E.) up,especially from Frankfurt, and how the commonplace money'sacks believed to permit themselves anything against Prussia in their untoucheable security;you will concede, that a strict appearance,, at least in the en excuseable,. even conside- er No ring the suaviter in modos I myself did live 6 years in Frank- 7 8 ) 10 MISSOUR-I 2 BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi . 7 ni March 19,. 1867 furt in sarrisomand know the people there throush and throueh.. In my opinior ,„ the false alarm was quite holesome for them, finall y,. one will not hurt themnow, while on our side nobody will lose his temper now (verbatim: " his patience" E.D.).From all I hear from there, the little people are beeinnring to fit themselves into the order of things, and, once they have licked blood with us, they will become good Prussians, as we people from the Rheinland have also become... To the north american people the solution will’ be much easier than with us some time back, because the the kur-branden - burg type patriotism with its-infallibilityr’does not exist nor the Berlin politics under Br to suffer at times. We were, so to say, the beating boys, whose beating now benefit everybody. We have made tremendous progress in Prussia since 1848 in political development and have now every prospect to do away with our other- ae r wise so little understandable Junker element.. If perhaps the Kol! - nische Zeitung (Köln newspaper,E.D.) would get into your hands, you Sacuet would be satisfied with the debates in the Reichstag. In Prussia we have the assuring feeling, that with inherited hr are pro - tected’from all sides, and fear of a war in the near future, I can not go along... Who would be as crazy to attack an army of 800,000 men , which are well lead.. As to your political conditions, I admit gladiy, that I cen not give a meaningful judgement.. If risht and correct principles are on the side of the Republicans or of that of the Democrats,, and, in how far the views of the president are more important than those of the congress, I cannot zay judge from here.. I am glad, that we have our Bismarck at the helm, to whon - between us -— I have much to apologize. If God keeps that man for a few more years, then there is no problemwith the happy comple - tion of the unification of Germany... MıssoUuR-l : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GERD EN Jacobi a : March 19,1867 Finally I remark, that it mll Be difficult for me,to teil vou anythine about the A... americana affinis,which you had sent er B? end at some time to Dyor. Feer retired from there to his father-city Halle a/S (Halle on the River Saale, E.D.). As soon as I will get his address, I will write to you. If Scheer 15 still alive, I 86 not know,but believe to have heard,that he was dead. He has not raised plants for a long time. Now, remain well, hishly esteemed friend, and send me soon arain' news, your sincerely devoted Jacobi (translated from German script by Edsar Denison, Dec. 1988 )\ Note 1. Frankfurt was independent city with its own government until 1866 when it became Prussian. Dr. Engelmann was born and raised there. Note 2,.Arr old Roman proverbs: Fortiter in re,suaviter in modo. Strong in pursuit of a goal, .concilisatoYy in manner. Note 3. "whipping boy" princely houses kept whipping boys,iwho were whipped instead of the princelings.. Note 4. The "junkers" (old-German for young genttemen) were the sons of the titled gentry. As only the oldest son inherited the land, younger brothers went into the army.Their beha- vlour, arrogant, overbearing, glorifying the militaryrvbe- came unbearable.. Note 5 The Reichstag is the German parlienment in Berlin ( now in Bonn)... MISSOUR-I A BOTANICAL copyright reserved FBCARDEN HERR 7% RG TTT an PR All) 2 Zohan uhr a7 ES BEER, 92 BU 2 40) WB 4 TG ARE EL Rn ’ ee a Gange Zar ET ER EEE SL I rt 2. "Se: 9 10 MIısSsoUuR-l BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GarDeEn ln beugen or EL >» N) / Ä Y u a = Wr Dune , MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAaRDEN L x & ’ ne Y aseeäs ek z Me e gen et er BG an. Liga 2 u ÜBER ER ) an Gahahr Bun nisch DR ala me ” ae TR ae Be L \ NG m N Pd Sau pr ‚ L. Ads 2 dr A | - ER: DREI, | \ Na Eu u og meta Big N, I MH 4 VE DH < L MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreserved . GaAaRDEN TE a er gr RU ae: wi. N [®) u | | N in © | DB \ G) oO | rn A ”.. 2a 0 er S; 2$ 5 3 wre! a copyright reserved MISSOURII BOTANICAL ERILETGE Jacobi Rec. Aug. 1 Friedland Ausust 11,1868 T Ans. Apr. 26 year not Most esteemed Friend ! Your kind’ communication from Kreutznach of the 8th of this month,.I re- ceived’ today in the cant®@nement quarters , where I am for inspection of the 8th artillery brigade, and thank you most s#bncerely for it. The seeds of A. Panyi have germinated quite well for me,and I hope to get the young brood well throush the winter, despite the fact,, that it was rather late when I did do the sowing.. I am very curious about the development of the plants, because the existing ones of Dr.Pany are very poors He, who has not occupied himself for a lone time specifically with one family, juderes abont differences of sinrle species onlyin & superficial way ard characteristic differences often escape himientire- ly o 4 Muck more scanty was the germination of A. virririca for me (only # little plants). May God give, that I can maintain them. Even much worse did it go with the Opuntias,of which I have only 2 plantlets 0 ou Emory. I was right a way suspicious of the seedi It was either collec- ted unripe,or the fruits were packed wronglyvand the seed' became sick. B.Le Cantei and the Cereus=:? I did not’ Ketepkaht as I hope to do better, if I plant these at the beginnrinez of May.. I had very bad luck with the sowine of’M. Scheerii. Of a dozen young plants, which’ I broueht success- fully through the winter, not one is left over. Durine the 3 weeks in May, when I was on a trip, they all dried up. After completion of the named official trip I went home, and used the time remaining after the completion for a botanical tour of Holland, Eneland, France and Belsium. In Holland I picked up my friend De Tonge van Ellemeet at Walchen. We boraßa at Vlissingen and stayed 3 days in London and 3 days in Paris,where we saw much of interest and much strange.. MISSOUR-I F BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN AuUg.11,1868 — ID ! Jacobi = In both places Il concentrated primarly on obtaining photo - eraphs for my soon coming monosraph of the Agavae and hope, that ala these people will [ fall back on empty promises.. In St. Germain I found 4 Agave in the open,which have been cnlti - vated in this manner for 15 years. At a Mr. Goupyvan A. Salmiana, a A. Jacobiana and an A.Americana. The first two named were giant specimens of 17 feet diameter and leaf leneth to 8 feet. The 4th plant is in the garden of a restaurant,,Pavillon de Henri IV. It is ertirely new to me. I thought, that it may be A.Saunderii Hoar. of these curiosities the Paris botanists know nothing.„and we ascribe it to a lucky brake, that we got knowledge of their existence.. Also, in Belgium I found a most strange Agave at a Baron Canard a]lamale. Beloneingz to the smaller of its kinds 2e2...... shaned,, and all younger leaves uprieht and all otheres strongly recuruved,. iyingz on top of each other or humifuse,upper surfaces flat-curved,. lower surfaces flat concave, both sides very roush. On the leaf rims with horn-like,turned downward spines, almost adnate to the rim The flat-concave leaf rims in the spaces between the spines enarled- serrulated. The latter an appearance,which was a first for me, In London I made the personal aqumaintance of Dr. Seemann,which was very welcome. On the other hand, Mr. Jos. Klaarer showed me little courtesy and friendlfness.. I envy you your trip to Italyvmuch, and would like to accompany you,specially to Palermo. The garden there has many nice items but with very imprecise nomenclature.. Should you stay in Bologna, re - commend me to professoyfahzerini:. As you do not provide me with an address, I send this letter to Alex. Braun;whol will eventually’get hold off vou,Hopine to get once in a while word from you I great you heartily Your sincere Friend’ v. Jacobi (translated from German script by E. Denison, Dec. 1958) MISSOUR-I ’ BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCARDEN Nore on marein of letter:: In Naples lives a Mr. Nixon, though not a botarist but an amateur sgardener and afficionato of flowers,.,who enjoys suppor- tine visiting botanists as guide. A recommendation from me will identify you with him. MISSOUR-I j BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN Mer TEHN 28 ce en Tasar Eu meta‘ 10% VL ns [ SER erper u nr TEE ED ZU Kir 77 Hin ÖR VERTEILTE | an am len, L ei EL. Hu 4 Id La DB TER erkade r _ En. Ara u ws mon ER aan Ir TIERES EEMERN Au itipie VAL, — PETER wa Be ie vers or ar ET, ee EN E05 ‚ GEORGE ENGELMANN RARERS Mssoum BOTANIGAL GARD % 8 ) 10 MIıSSOUR-I ’ ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GarDeENn DAT ng Rn nl Saba Bug BERRRTEE Br Fu ctancduts Zune al gung pl : I Rs uk Aula BB: Im Pan 4. dEipeiens Saab nk er ee a u a ul. RER | I AM ” { E IS LEBE j = I BE Sage ig hr a 1229- \ y GEH AN HDhER Ira, Anm BIN any an un 3 PORN, Er Ge daneg unbe Ai IE hy ENGELMANN PAPERS ssourı BOTANICAL GARDEN M > 2 er a Ben MD DA ED Fe 4 rn nk mn er GIarLH gr 2 AGaresLcı ar Zen Lama FERUE MIıSSOUR-I i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAaRrRDEN Rec. Berlin May 21 Dr. Jacoby Posen, May 14,1869 Ans, e June 8 Most hishly esteemed Friend ! Your kind communicatiom of April'26 I found on my return from Carlisbad on the 2nd of this month’in Breslau;but could not an- swer so far as I was unfortunatelyvtransferred into this total polish mess and as only a few days were available to accomplish this move.. My family and my plants are still in Breslau'and I shakl! fetch both only in the coming month.. At the moment I cannot invite yow'to visit my plants, as they would have only a very restricted interest without my presence. I must leave it to you, if you want to visit Breslau at allı,to post- pone an excursionvhere until you can combine it with a trip to Bres- lau. The middle of July would probably be the most opportune time,, as I must begin to travel toward the end of Julyvon business,and will! not be back until the middle of August. The seeds, which you sned kindly I sowed all this Spring, and all serminated’ quite well! with exception of most of the Opuntias and Yucca edulis; of Yucca angus- tifolia however only one seed, I' am very sorry to learn, that regimental! doctor Weber is stationed’in Paris,or I would have looked him up last Summer,when T was there beyond doubt.. I was then at Pfanddorf (?7°E.D.),but the plantsfor which you arranged, are still!’ too small\,to be able to form a meanineful judgeement, Since we have written to another, I entered into closer com=- mercial relation to the travellerrC „Besserer, from whom I bouseht se- veral quite wonderful Agavaee. He gave very interesting facts about the % places of origim of thedffferent species broueht‘ by him, and on my \k part, I gave him"references about territories,which have been less exploited),so that he should explore those specifically.. Since Spring he is akain in Mexico,but I do not have any news from him from there. 9 10 MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Dr. Jacoby‘ 2 2 - May 14, 1869 Unfortunately, he is too little a hotanrist and connäisseur of specific plantsho be able to collect to best abilityysbut he des ves the advantage arainst many of his are at he does not operate asa eommissionerfor anY'.oecrererr ern... plant dealer, but travels at his own expense.. In 1866 bloomed in the botanical garden of Athens an inte- i er, restinz Arave under the name A. atroviens Karud.. You find a descrim tion of it in last year's anmualbf the German magazine by a Mr.Neubert Am near Bao BR JencLure amanr this and another Agave,which Km ouly Vonauascgiugan, ED. flowered in 1860 in Donaudaschingen in the prince Fuerstenberggarden Will before the ..us 24024, Bectlon Of tne 811683180 Societyyıhich/appeare in the minutes of that section. Both plants show quite new and strange appearances in their aausanen. ss, sand I consider bebh new anı Undes- ceribed.If I can get plants of them, I must wait. I do have seeds of both kinds. If only I could cultivate them in an artificial (? B,D.) olimate,, my agave research would get much further... At Guedeney you will! have yourself enjoyed’ his culture . I have never seen in our climate so well developed; sträng and robust Agavae then with his. Ir only I mil 7 achieve to obtain a stationaryvrestinge blace,and not/any more to-4ere Somathtu to migrate,then I would want to achieve/ worthwhile even in our cll- mate Now, my esteemed Fr-iend,remain well for this time and recommend me heartily to professor Braun,and exhort him for me for the propasa- +ion of Aravee in the Berlin Botanical Gardem;so that they may finally et into life during thls Summer During my passage I saw in Leipzig asain several interesting Aravae at Laurentius greenhouse. With heartiest greetings Your honest friend’ Sr. Jacobis (translated from German script by E. Denison, Nov. 1988 ) 10 MıssoUuRrıl i BOTANICAL copyright reserved SBARDEN ar 2° KH Yo agar A hanır 4 Pr: Ar AL 4 ro 7 ) J AA ob FE | =. EEGEAZWEE a 224 r Alm - FH 21 [ GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS Ns, » MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN 7 ) 9. 48 j BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GıARDEN MIıSSOUR-I 4 ı aM Far GG CH as Ar at INT ER gen a. na an DA ABaG y4 Se a an" em Zurien FE ah = 10 MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAaRrRDEN - Lin Dr HaM BT gg ms an man : Dach anche Gh = ne En . AR we DUB, ” rg ar y 2 ' aan GIERER 2 hc GG / EIER da me RI DL warn zur ARE IIA Sh VE | | 3, e a 6 dr ae Be kan zum RDSE f = 7 g 9 s: £ 7 ei “ Dh“ Farae ee ar Er am 22 „ ALü Eh HERE a se ea ERDE fi / N HIRIH ‚ J e) Or AP Q BEE u SER ur = 7 G, Ghıaum urW0 : EP: r 5 z DE er det: = e EN®R 6" \ en go = RAR Yen DER 2 | Er 72 WEIRTEIB EHE 9 10 MıssouRr-l P j BOTANICAL copyright reserved GBA DEN at Aunı clan BEE 7 reinen ana, h 1% ae a, = B% 2-7 | ae Ge 2 IUULRIO RR! 74 > er | I / EUER ur « ce | Sa Baar Arbrind Gen am un mh. | LM 04H 9 77250809 An I u E: et Zn Gl 5 DR BE ER 1m 4 Zentimetern nn nennen ne ne Mannes mn. nenn mn nn mm nme em nn En ne a ’ 8 Tag 10 MISSOUR-I i BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Rec. Aug. 16 Jacobi’ Posen, Aurust 12,1869 Ans, Aug. 15, 1971 Hishly esteemed Friend |! For a lone time your friendly communication of June 8 lies un - answered on my table, or respectively sometimes in my briefcase on my travels of inspectiom but I could not until now find a free moment, to compose a quiet and thotroush answer. On June 20 I returned from a service itinerary to Breslau, in order to fetch my family’and my plants from there, and if I tell you, that the latter filled 7 rallrosa cars, you will'comprehend, that packine and unpacking and positioning of them; ua I had to be glad, that on July 25,when T' began my present trip;., I had finished that business.. Now I return tomorrow from here to Posen,where I will have 3 or 4 weeks of quiet, depending if I go still to the exhibition to Ham - burg or not.. Then, I have to go again to the big maneuveres in Prussia and in October again to Upper Silesia, so that I’ will not get anyı rest before the end of October.. During my trips to the Northeast I did not miss to see gardens and plants,wherever any possibilityvarose, and, thus, wanted to look up Caspari in Köniesbere again, but, unfortunately, he had gone for se- veral days to Nimphannjard near Gumbinnen,so that IT’ had my travels throueh his botanical Garden all by myself. When I was in Danzid ın the castie spring I visited the cadlegrarden in Oliva and enjoyed’the natural and healthyvrappearance of the small!cactus collection existing there. A result of my visit there is a beautiful specimen of the so-called Roetzlia regia, which I plan to describe as Faureraya Baeslii. I sent to the very reasonable casle gardener there a number of Agave species and a dozen cacti as counter-gift and I shall!'in September, when I go there again, ‚check how my offsprings are doing.. You ingquire about my semi-donuble flowering Echinopsis. This is 10 MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL copyrightreservred . GaArDEn Jacobi Pr 2 August 12, 1869 | a hybrid, which was created by Schaefer, who, unfortunately, died' too early.,.of which I unfortunately cannot name the parents. Anyway,: u 2% E. axygona is certainly involved, and probably E.. turbinata or sche- 2 en en thasi' because the plant has much shorter spines them E.oxygona, May- be it can also derive from E. multiplex,as it has the same body shape as this... Unfortunately, I can not send vou information ahont it nof@ anything exact about the "lower, as I lost my old specimen se- veral years back and the yonne one has not yet flowered, so that I have not seen the flower for 5 vears. As far asI can remember, the outer stamens turned in part into fine, small!'petals. As soon as the plant will come into flower again. I shall report to you, Or. send vau a note, in case you are in Europe... The flower is beautifully rose-red.. This spring another hybrid, .Phylgc. crenatus, pollinated by - C .„speciozissimus, came into flower for meg.while, unfortunately, I was already on the road,„.I had instructed my son to observe the flower and to report to me about shape, size and color and to have it photo- graphed’ and colored. From this there showed several inner crom „leaves ( Jacobi used this term for "petals", E.D.),which on their points on the inside carried somewhat disfiegured anthers. Here we have withont donbt a metamorphosis of stamens into petals. If you so wien, I can provide you with one plant’ as well as a cuttine of the Enns. hybrida fl«. subpleno; of the latter Bonchde has already a faily developed specimen. Don't you have any desire to come to Hambure for the Exhi- bition ? You would then have occasion to see Meuche's cactus collec- tions When I was in London past summer; Seemann encourared me, to have my monograpk of the Agavae oublished in America, where the Smithonien Socyeti ( sic, E.D.) would certainly provide the means for Ic a As I so far in vainm looked [around in Germany” for a publisher, and as the work could with complicated’embellishment! become the object off speculation by publi=- 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I Ä ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi _ 3 - Ausust 12,1869 shers, I wrote past winter to Seemann and asked him'to get in contact with the socyeti (sic, E.D.) in my name, but have not re - ceived up to AOW OR answer from him What is your opinion about this project, and do you thinkl’one could get arreement, to let the work as well as appear in German aut Enelish M y last postscript to my book on Agavae is now in print... As soon as it has been published, you will receive a copy, also a report about a lecture ‚which I gave last winter about two Arave flowers for the bot. section of the Silesian Societyyof which onellhere in Athen and the other in DonaueschineerIfloweredt. Both of them, accor- ding to my view, new species,which in the index of the appendix are being carried under incorrect nanes.. Df my seedlings onlyvA. Parryi is doing well; if I will be able to raise A. virginica, is quite doubtful.Y.edulis did not germinate at a emeund all, of Wangustifolia only one see With heartiest greetings your most devoted Jacobi‘ (translated from German script by E . Derison, Dec. 1088 ) 2:.,9 4 5 6 7 8 9 710 MıssouRr.ı ‚ BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN ) 10 MIıSssoUuRr-l BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GıarDeEn 97:08 EB Han G vH g, % 9 um + Sarinak - % 2 Re, & Z ERRL GE, ELRIEGEE ; A A 5 7 8 9 10 MISSOUR-I ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN a Hu ge A - 4 a / ce | par BZ ul rl nn % RTL Anh, As: ISTRES LH : WA Dan mu ul HR “ Da IS RG dr nF u g : > gr Aamgnn & ISH JG YJES- UL HIS-SIESIZ S oT, AR BER, N Packer ° HE, SGST-IY, NA IEC 13% B77 AV8- 744, ö LUG ZLII, 3MW-S4 CE IGJI-IORr HAS— 4 % | SEIAS. £ we Ah, ERSEFE SE BSNGENTE ZEILER RD 3L0-IISHh 338 I - IH. DIS DIS, ae NTES 2 N RN MISSOUR-I : BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN or Yan uam Aurenesa de) As Astnotr % #7 > We Ola Sin Ba lin MISSOURII BOTANICAL copyrightreserved , GıarpDen LS: Nee ? Ör ee eo 1 &7/ EP ago Amanda ecgun > in menden br k 99/7 WGÜ Ag Amar al De HAM FI. MISSOUR-I - ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved EIGCARDEN Wi QYADaA Lu EG dr. Dan P a) ArTung: u; ee y en Be Z e TEE re 2 | Ahane. = %, 9A ; L f er „Hu r 6 SE EEE GER Ayratı DE gr £ ; ! Ri 7 % n In , ) 10 MISSOUR-I j ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAaRrRDEN “u f Er Fo hu HHEHHAS- EDS EEEWTZE a, Wa EN. Sl Ser L . b) Mn N CH A Er rk : Garn hal. 7 - , Dh x - 3 . . | u, 5 x . Adın Ban N) 7 f rr Ber, in ANICAL GARDEN er: Missourı Bor GEORGE ENGE £1! 1 MM MRS IE NSS HE BESSER RER te ee ee ni — m u N 8 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I BOTANICAL 1 2 3... copyrightreserved . GıArDENn 0 cm eig - Le el Ba EI 4 EEE Bean dl Dal ehe AGD em „AL Gi Tor na Grte nl Egger 8 9 10 MIıSSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Rec. Oct. 20 Jacobi BerlMin,Sept, 23,1871 Ans.: Augs21, 1872 Most Esteemed Friend and PAtron ı I was very sad’ at the time, that during your last presence in Europe, I had seen you only once and did not have the oportunity,. to show you my collection, perhaps the only one in systematic order and presentation this side of the oceam,. I would have m uch to discuss with yow'and much to ask your opiniom Now, unfortunately, this is past for ever. Because, if you would come over aerain, you would find my collectiorr only in a very reduced state, ,‚may-be not at all any more, Due to my physical suffering due t& kidney stones I could during the last 13 years occupy myself only very superficially: with my plants, and as I was forced to be mustered out and thus my male limit of service was redused by 2060 #0r 2 ,.,. „sand! myselfjdue to the physical suffering, could not touwh anything anymore, I saw no possibility, to mairtain the collection in its prior extensiom On top of this came the necessity to settle here, to have the certainty of medical advice always at my side, and here one must be a very rich person,if one wants to pay for quarters-and the space to accomodate such a collectior and a garden to take care of them properly during the summer. Since my discharge I have been put in the true sense of the word on half appe- tbte ( sic. E.D. meaning $ salary) and, thus, must stretch myself to the ceiling ( two German expressions of the time,which “were delibe- rately not transcribed’into up to date metaphors.E.D.). I,therefor,. have cut myself shortly in twoy and kept only the Agavae of myv foster children, and of these only the rare and precious species. The best of what was left, went to the local!botanical Garden, after that came | common the Breslau “Yarden, and what was then left of/Agavae too large for my facilities here and what was left of the cacti'went to a rich friend in Silesia, who can use the plants for decorations. Poselger too re- MISSOUR-I f BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi u dept,23,1071 ceived’ also a number of valumable cacti, Sach the Botanical Garden had already in increased numbers, Thus „ a project, on which I had worked with intensive effort life-span, and, to which I have devoted my entire free time with easzer consequence, and on which I spent considerable sums of moneyy has gone the way of all flesh already before my death... The only’thine,which calms and consoles me is, that I could bring to execution my resolve, made lone asco, that, if I had to deispose of the collection, I wouldgive it to a public institutlion,.. Thus, the still existing collection of Agavae is destined for the local Garden, if I should De forcedrto ger rid. of It, My condition is now considerably improved, since I had in 5/4 4 * vears ( 15 months ? E.DD.) 3 operations and was this summer 7 full weeks in Walsingen. The Wilddach Bath (I am not sure of this, E.D..) took the alcalinne content out of the urine,so that I have hope, that I must not fear any more for stone formation... > Should you on the other side of the ocean not also have a source Wildady) = of water like Wilddage,then send blatter sufferers there, and bet 100 to 1,that they will be either healed completely .or, at least sifn!i - ficantiy improved,. The Doctor there, Dr. Stoeser. Now enoueh of me and my sitnmation and to the answering of your letter of the 13th of last month, 1. Publications concerringe my opus about Agavae, Garden and Flower News of Hamburg (see orierinal letter for page numbers.) Further in the annals of the Schlesische Gesellschaft fur vaterlän- dische Kultur (Silesian Society for patriotic culture). Postscripts to my opus in the annals of 1867 and 1868. That this, my effort is not entirely worthless, I gladly admit. Büt, the more I take 1 Into my hands, I see the the pupil-like, z - z= 9 10 MISSOUR!I R BOTANICAL copyright reserved VG RBARDEN Jacobi - 3. Sept. 23,1871 specially about the innumerous remaining errors in printing. If my health continues to improve, I would like to deliver a better do - cumented” synopsis of the Agavae,which will have a hisher scientific value, as, by now, one half of the known flowers of Agavae are known to me..For the publication of this and a commensurate presentatior with affordable illustrations I have prospects in Holland at a scientifie institution in Harlem My detailed studies of flowers have brouseht me to the conclusior ,. that the Agavae fall into two large main groups according to their SEX zeeeeeeereene.. OT their sex organs, the Pterostylae and Columna- stylae. To the first belong Fourcroya and Besehorneria,to the latter, Ba 7 Agave. About the .s.se....0.... of the fertilizing organs I have made very intensive studies, which show without doubt, that the two tribes form an inseparable main division. The difference between the two lies therein, that with B the stamens and the pistil are longer, and that a different relation exists between the length of fülamentsrand anthers,, and that the shape of the corolla with BE is always long tube-like, but 1} with ® either egg-shaped or salver-shape. Also F . is always vıvlipar, and of the known species only F. langraeva carries below the flowers seeds which can germinate,. With Arave the pistil is either cylindrical! or strong-edged,prismatic,and then almost always wound in the direction of the splral of the shaft......:.. The corolla is zaui=-Siibs -,part tube -, part pi-, part funnel - shape, or almost bell-shaped. The se- xual parts rise in sexual maturity above the rim of the corolla with most species, Only the stigma is then mostly still considerably longer than the stamens, 7 that pollinatiom occurs rarely in the same flower, but mostliy from later developed flowers. This all must provide refer- ence points for systematic sub-divisions. The shape of the inflorescense seems tp me to be very unreliable, because at times species have a very similar exterior habitus, so that one would exvect similar floral arranee- 10 MISSOUR-I i ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GaAarRDEN Jacobi - ih - Sept.23,, 1871 ments, but have entirely different inflorescences.. The wise ones are not at all in accord' about the desigsnationm of the floral ar- rangzement;. because many flower forms are called "ear-shaped" ('i.e the ear of wheat or oats, E.D.),which are thus only when looked at from the outside, thonueh fundamentallvy are more or less developed panicless for if the node does carry a very snall,, flattened nedicel on which the fruit-knot is seated,so is this accor- dinze to my view a panicle,the more so, when the leaf-angle ( alias leaf-joint, E.D.. encompasses more than one flowey.. Here you have some indications about my observations in this field with the request to offer your remarks about then.. The news about! A.scabra are very interesting to me, .specially in regard to plant geographyvw In that area I received valuable inforna - tion from'the plant grower Karl Besserer about the plants collected by him and and introddoed into our gardens.. Did I mail you the nun- bers of the Garden News by Koch, in which appeared the description of the plant, which Besserer introduced several years ago with us..My A-scabra is now truly a magnificent specimerr of 0.30 m dm'and 0.37 m neiscshth, and did I Say, that IE woula fioawar sooam Prirce Saın Sid once recelve A. scabra from you. The only specimen,whieh still exists comes from my plant. By the way. I also received a A. scabra from the Munich Garden,which, however, had somewhat longer and less rhombic leaves. This one unfortunately perished.. | with the same shipment I received also ny’A.asperrima as sp.e Talmit‘fromlLindheimem .Do you not know, where this Talmit can be 1ooked for.- The A.Parryi, grown from your seed,) are erowing well,but are ; i h . F still too small, to permit seeing their strange character. Bouche did receive‘ the seed’of A.Palmeri,and one half dozen seeds have ger- minated, but the plantlets are still very small... If you could send MISSOUR!I ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved ER Jacobi‘ - 5 - Sept.. 23,1871 us seed or little plants of your A,Ottohensis (probably incorrect,,, oririnal has been corrected by over-writing,E.D.),this would be most interesting for us. Generally, I ask you to send us everything you carr obtain of Agavae even if sometime Lacametes (?J]) should get mixedin. The informations from the Bandary Botany’about a number of Aga- vae, specificallyyA. parviflora I did find at the time in the herbar. of Kew. In any case,your designation of the Agave named there A.geni- nie niflora must be accepted, because the Littaea of Gawler,geminiflora, which is also a true Agave, has this name already.. Very interesting is,that the A, Antillarummof Lescoubtil has beem found agaim Your description of the panicle, however, does not agree with the illustration in the Flore des Antilles=by Descoutili The il- lustration there shows a little developed panicle with branches .of apparentliy only 2nd order, Can't you porvide us with seed! from this species ??’As to finally A, rielda, I dia find In France some more de. veloped specimens: of this species,specially in the Jardin de Luxemboug,. with a stem1% foot high,5" dm strong and leaves of 2 feet leneth with a very follage-rich leaf crown. I own drawings and photographs of this plant. Flease send us if possible several forms of this cultured plant.. That many plants being cultivated and in other countries change sig- nificantly and to the point,that they can not be recognized,is a fact frequently reported,and does not surprise with A,rigida.. AR Foureroya ? k E} Also the Fourcray leave us much in the dark, from them come probab- ly the least number of species,as the majority of them may belong to the equatorial regions,which in this regard have been little explored,, Apuhn mentions in his report from Equador and Guyana frequentliy found Tourcrayae,without ever eiving any details, Wallis,who travels for Linden in Brussels, brousht from the hiech- lands of Equador a very pretty. panachial (77? EsD.) F, with rather strong, fleshy leaves,which I have named F . Linderi,but have not yet MISSOUR-I e BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN Jacobi ae Sept, 23,: 1871 described,. In Hamburg the plant received a price two years ago. An Arave comine from the same place,which too is not vet laregre enoueh to be described, I named’ A. Wallisii. The seeds of A. vireiniana,which I received, thonsh they germinated well,later though perished, Bouch& did get some plants through and I shall thus plam,that through culture in a hotbed in fine soil!we will advance one or two specimens,. Whatever I can gather in flowers for you, you shall have, but I do not know, if the package porto is still as expensive as earlier. For the little parcel,which I sent to you fromBersland I had to pay 4 Thaler (Dollar, E.D.) porto. .Can't you advise about a way,by which shipment is cheaper ? Now, you have a thoroush and prompt answer to your interesting letter of August 15,and I hope to get news from you soon again. With heartiest greetines, Your sincereely devoted Tempelhofer Ufer No.1i1 (translated from German script by E. Denison, Dec. 1988 ) POSTSCRIPT:; : If you could find some stamps for me,you would drive a stone into my son’s board (‘Jacobi missed the metaphor, it should read :: you would drive a nsail into my son'!s board. E.LD.. AS later learned, the F. Linderi and A. Wallisii dos not originate in Equador but in Bolivia,where they exist in the Kauralsale (? E;D;) at an altitude of 3,000 - 4,300 Teet, As I just learrf from the newspaper,that the porto decreases between Germany and North America become valid only on Oct. 1, 4 let the letter lay until then.. MISSOUR-I . BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GARDEN MissourI BOTANICAL- GARBEN GEORGE /ENGELMANN! PAPERS 4 tz Fa eo ’$ # 4 } Y. z n FH a s Ur; Y «= FA E % “ cu HL Ss MIıSSOUR-I . ; BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed . GAaRDEN 2ER en eg er BIN Trage Ida, =. ie ST, a. 5 u ER at Au Wr Gi ya en 97,207 99 Full und Ag sauna” | Anz rc ; ; PH r ww u ann ESTER NE I | E23 EN VRORRELERR!: E73 ne 2 BE Be BOTANICAL ARDEN - E . UT. | ne Fl Da ne Er dar Au / copyright reserved MISSOUR-I BOTANICAL GARDEN Missouri BOTANICAL. GARBEN Rec. Mav 28 Jacobi‘ Berlin, November 8,1871 Ans. Aug.. 21, 1872 Most Esteemed Friend’! An article about sisal-hemp und its productiorin Yucatarin No. 36 of the Ausland (Foreien Country) of this year, Causes me not to wait for the answer to my letter of’ of the end of September, but to direct you to this article and to pronounce my views concerring the comparison there with your communications of Aug. 15 of this year. The article deals with the agricultural management of A.angusti+ _folia and striata in Yucatarr, and the manufacture of ropehemp, speci- ally of woven sacks, which are being exported in large quantities to the westindian islands. There is being mentioned there, that! there > Or in the homeland of the plant‘ 5 different varieties occur and/ cultiva- ted there, and it seems to me caeteris paribus (Latin, "thines being equal"), that they corresvyond to those knom from Floridas of which you have the opinion, that they developed throueh culture from the orieinal species. To me it appears now, as lone as the contrary has not been established beyond, contradiction,that my. opinion has the greater" probability. One of the native forms has also a relatively much larger leaf,is, however, much less esteemed because of much lower fibre quality. What thoush confirms me even more in ny opini- om i8, that the plant is also being cultivated in its homeland ‚and thus the different*forms,which one observes in Florida,could hardl\y have developed throush cultivations You are there closer to the source and capable to solve the questiom under study. The article tells further, that you are involved’ in the prepa- ration of a complete monograph of the Agavae. That is possibly a mistake with your treatment of the north-american Agavae, of which you write to me. MIıSSOUR-I Ä 3 BOTANICAL copyrightreserveed , GARDEN Jacobi . DD j Nov ® 8 8 1 8 ? 1 By the way, I can only ask you, to provide us with plants,, bulbs and seeds, of whatever you fän get hold of, whereby a few dollar postage are of no consequence. Hopefullyythe parcel postage between the German Reich and the United States will soon be redu= ced similarly as has beemalready done with letter postage.. R = a) Several years back I obtained in an auction of the Tonetz collection, as I. believe, to have told you already, an Old ...:s,e plant of A. Schiirera (or Gehidigsera ? °???),which had flowered short- 1vy before in Gent!“ After standing for several years without motion,. it started during the summer of 1870 to sprout from several leaf axils. One of these spronts developen during last winter into a flowerine stemywhich developed completelyyand produced flowers,though somewhat small ones. Now a leaf bud of this flowering stemis deve- tne sprouts of loping two plants situated below each. other, and the (other leaf axils are beginning to grow small flowering stems, so that toward spring around a dozen such flowering stems will! surround the old trunk. By the way, there remains no doubt, that A. Gehidigera and A.filifera-are two completely different species,because the latter is really” monotrop (can't read, smudged. E.D.)while the first,accor- dine to the present example, continues life throueh flowers. Now far (sic) well for today in the hope to hear soon again from you, Yours Y.ı Jacobi (translated from German script by E. Denison, Dec. 1988 ) MISSOUR!I $ BOTANICAL copyright reserved Gr BARDEN