3 L 62 GEORCE ENCFIMANN. PApERS 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN 5SOURI Bar: NICAL_ GARDEN GEORGE ENGELMANN-PAPERS RS A en au ee. m _ 10 MIıSSOURI 2 BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRrDEN Ö 1 2 10 MISSOURI: . BOTANICAL cm | Ä copyright reserved GAÄRDEN E A.2. 9 - Wh | EL Ash — WED ET | MISSOURI . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN RDEN MissouR! BoTaneT ne \ GEORGE ENGELMANN a et Be er ot be re SE a BR = a 0 ER SENAT nn 10 MISSOURI: . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN [= Hesgelmaier Tubıngen; yr mberg Hec. Jane 3 1865 Nov. Ans. Jan.3l tt Beh Most Honored Sir Doctor I! Professor Alex. Braun was kind enougeh,to present to me two of vour letters, addressed to himas welll as enclosed samples of ameri- can @allitriche for viewing; the most interesting notations,which T found thereim;make me wishreagerly,to turn to you directly.. Primar- 1y I'woula like to get your permissiom,to let me use those notations,, specially the nomenclature for a small journal essay,which I would like to publish'’as additions and corrections to the monograph of the Callitrichae, published about 9 months ago.. I do not want to: permit their use until having asked youy and, needless to sayywith specific referagyices,that I owe them to your communication.. In preparation of the publicatiomI used’the literature consci- enciously as far as it was available to me,, The eireunstance, that, despite this,older existing names for several' species deserib did escape me -— I also looked up the repertorium of Welpers - may serve you primarly as proof, that with us the important and valuable american literature is{flittle knowr nor used’ ‚which may have as mairm reasor the extent of what has beerr produced in this area already ir Europe.. ei ni $ I cannot take the slightest objection,that your samples of €, Nutt. from Texas nude [ probably determined from original samples,.are identical to my €. Drummondi..Further, that your american’ + autumnalis from the St. ren is identical with our europaean.. As A» Braun told me, you will have received in the meantime his © derı from Brazil, and, though you may have formed al - ready an opinionrabout the particular forms,I nevertheless vake ds liberty,to present my view in this matter.. Your small sample or & Nuttall1ii Torr. from Louisiana ®Werewerrteeis, except the stems of the fruit;which were not quite as long as the longest of the brasiliAM 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier Nov. 18,1864 * 2 * corresponds with this,specially in the stigmata reflexa per - sistentia,which I do not know from any other form. Further, I can not accept until now the one communicated to Braun from Arkansas: with short stems,which you call own; o1haraı ana Aust. asa species of Nuttallii ( tee); I carefully softened fruits of all:forms,,tetithemlthen somewhat harden in alcohol)and ther sketched them,finally sectioned them in as thin slices as possible betweenrhollumtrank (I do not know this word ,E.D.),anrd sketched them too..According to this procedure and the sketches,which I still keep,l can not find any difference in form in the fruits; some differences in form are due to degrees of maturity,and un- even spreading associated with it, and resolve themselves, if one brings the sections obtained above under the microscope. I have ee allene stemmed forms,which I can not at all separate from En, Nuttallii( @.deflexa)from Pennsylvania in the Viennese herbariun; one collected by Moser with specific locatior data. May theßfe spe- cimens not come from there, and the labels have been mixed up ?' In part these forms carry the designatiom ©.terrestris Rafin.; Under this desienation I found types in various herbaria as verna verlandformey , and, thus, could not make use of the name e terrestris Baf. . I also noticed there, that certain forms of U, Asa Grayi, depending on the leaves, are designated Clinearis Proh. and Ö.heterophylla; however, Pursch specifically differentiated these forms by their most important point, the fruits. And which of the names by Pursch was to be given to the entire snecies ? I also found north-americansspecimens designated as 4 linearis, though I could not see if they belonged to C', Asa Greyi as they were ste- rile.. @&> r Fr DE SD. urn -.. rather many specimens came before my eyes. 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier Nov. 18,1864 3 The Eorus from Calabria and Sicily were mostly as large frui- ted as Pe nneia, the northern ones have in part somewhat m smaller fruiti With good and correctly treated material, one can easily convince oneself,that the halves of the fruit are separa- ted to the middle just as with C.autumnalis; in this respect they correspond with each other,and are differentiated from all!other forms known to me. The network of dried cells,which is found on the flesh of the fruit,is that illustrated by me beyond any doubt on table TiIl,fig. 27 anä Tl IV, 2,.? and deseribed in the text; it glistens through’ the dried, outer parenchyma cells. Very interesting to me was, what you say about the occurence of C, ovata ( I assume Callitriche ? E.D.) in the Northwest of Germany. Here and in Holland C,. autumnalis is mentioned,though I did not have the luck"to see something there and also noticed’ this ior aa, BR I thouehr in Hillley, that at Isast the dutch form could belong to C..1 uneato. , as this one has tra - velled to Belgiums Now I will try to get material from this: re- glon., Would you not be able to find out, If the the frust of Q,. Torr, marginata /, mentioned by you,, fits into the central structure, as I explained and Allustrated for C.macropterix or into the conm- mon one ? The New-holland species differs in this point most stri- kinely fromall!' eu- and pseudo-kallistrichae of America,which in general agree in the important point of discentrie fruit struc- ture,. It would be most interesting, if this one would have a rela- tive in California... AS. ER, 6 have, according to your notes, an entirely different plant in hand than the one in the Berlin herbarium Which one will now be the true one ? In Chile and Peru may be still copyright reserved G x : ) E ® Hegelmaier Nov, 18,1864 A something; certain chilenean forms,which I received for examina- tion,can hardly be separated from" C.verna. That I received of C..stagnalis a form with - though short -— stemmed fruits, I re- marked there; long-stemmed ones I have so far not seen.. Finally still a word about the classification. ii had ın time passed a 93 part division, as the one mentioned by you. It did not evade me, that of several species no aquatic form ex- ists. However, I refused it, as I missed“the characteristics for defining 1 and 2 - the absence of bracts with No. 1 is not con- stant -— whereas the differences of organization of my two sec- tions are striking and many. The only disturbing factor in my division is the mentioned circumstance of the New-Holland' species... as this differs in a striking point from all other Ai An the fruit (position ? E.D.). tie stomata, etc et with my section 1.. May I ask you for a replyvto my request made at the beein- ning of this letter. You would oblige me much, Tour most devoted Dr. Hegelmaier Docent of Botanyr eningen rreaberes Nov. 15, 1B6h (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989) ‘9 49 copyright reserved 7 Au 3 Be IE Aura Re ® R., 6; X FE ! + ER EI ai , N A DE Rn - > - Tu Br er % GEr- er a m: mu - >> ya N ; a ’ be N 2 « % | ee. . a = N A ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN L x Fer x bs, ya ae „n “ „ur a. % x 3 a w r On & D z E t = -ä ii je = iu £ 2: X Mıssouri BOTANICAL MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved r t - u. m ei 5 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN MANN PAPERS BARSE (ENGEL en “ zZ ul [@} £& =Lı ;C) | = en ” PR vn r oO 20) & pen (®) 149] r => FA Ns. MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved gl Beh, he SEIT RI, MISSOURI: 3 BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN ei e, er a Ro PR & RN ie « re ED MIıSSOURI BOTANICAL 10 copyright reserved CKRDnEN = a WII) ”n . Net es MRS - AEULT ı ZN ie N x e 1} oO 2 » . N ‘N rn SS, IR SEN IIDSC on Sr” ie wa > Se 2 ep = n u Mon EI I = a MISSOURI: . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKRDEN 10 MISSOURI { | BOTANICAL copyright reserved CR or 1 A, me B, iö es Postmark May 15,1865 date at end of letter:: May 1,1865 Most honored Sir I! Xour letter,rich in interesting notes,of January :31 of this year with its valuable enclosures, II left long without reply;which I ask ask you kindly to excuse on account of all kinds of circum - stances: Various jobs, several kinds of sickness,and a very deman - ding teaching activityywhich did not permit me to get to physiolo= pared to give a satisfactory replyvto some of your presented ques - tions,than it would have been possible earlier. Also,.I am now able,, to present to you an equally rich assortment of samples, at least enclose something to present to you,which should not be without in- terest to you.Of the exotic Callitriche I have as good as nothing except yours,, thoush I have seen much in collections.. Should you be able to improve this condition in the future, Iimay be able to as - sist you with details.. But, now, to the specific items.! That my e. Yummondi , = €.peploides Nute I convinced myself already earlier from a sample sent by Prof. Braun I thank you for the specimen of this rare spe- cies. It will interest you, that I got aquainted this spring with 2 more oustanding species-with STUmMaL.. near- fruits, from New Hol- land (the name given at that time to the Söuth-eastern part of Au- ‚ Stramikera : umbona | stralia,E.D.), ©. prarifera and ÜÖ.unbracte ver.d. peploides ‚very well Aifferentiated from each other; I may describe them in due time and, if possible, illustrate them. May-be there exist also in Anme- rica species with these peculiarities ?’If the species,which seens characteristic with round fruits for North America,will get the sayarı nameC. Asae"Greyi or one of the three names of Pursch,which seens the first-named one, is of course of no consequence to me. After all, our nomenclature is, so to say, only a necessary evil! 9 10 copyright reserved Pen. Kun A NI l | ) AN | VAL Hegelmaier, May 15, 1865 - 2 - and I am the very last one,who would insist on a self-created nanme,. if the other botarists can unite on another one,. Should it gene - rally become justified,to use an old name for the entire species,, then S.,betarepoy\a... would however to be most recommended. I would, if nothing had been printed already,what has been printed,, name the complete species .Purshiana,whereby all would have been best considered sawsxäx@x.. However, for this it is too late.. It seems more important to me, that the plants are recognized ee Finde: pendent species , and not being thom together for instarnce with the west-europaean S...QeEUS anzula Legell „ which has after alli smaller and very elongated fruits. I have recently seen also spe- cimens of it from southern France, years back some from Sardinia and Belgium; earlier, the plants were knom with certainty only from several localities in western France. It is mentioned with its traits by the Frenchman Lerell,not knowm"more closely to me,,and that ina Flora inedita of northern French departments, as can he: read on the labels of Billow's Flora gallica et germanica explicata. Centurien (sic, but do not understand meaning,E.D.) are perhaps today the maim source for knowledgee of 8.obtusangula. Against their separation of the antarctic form, I have nothing specific to contradict,the fruits are rather unripe,and that corresponds to all! . KR ,, coming from the antarctic archipelago,which posess also a highly uniform habitat.. Truncata Guss G. traveite Gess you seem not to have seen as yet,. The two co- a [e 9 lors, which you may send, are C.hamulata, also the var. Pulai ‚d.ha- mulata is also found in South-Europe. The plant obviously immigrated,, and the pointed fruited form differs little from the latter; gener- ally more strong (verbatim: "harder" E.D.),and is not frequent in collections,most1y orly in small rosettes or fragments. I myself, have only a small sample from Gussone himself.. 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier May 15, 1865 * 3 * Quite commonly one finds her incorrectly l1@4b@led, the striped bedunculatan ur, ” | form asO0, ren ( a4 +t5@4, Muller),the more pointed’as C.brutia Spurtte- Petagna,.whereas the latter,according to a sample communica- ted by Gussone is a small-leaved O.hamulata. By thewway, I almost | @ suspect Gussone,,that he confused’in his Hlora . 8. ast. Brutia the€., Fruncofe, .. sessilis and omulata in relying too much on fruit-stems and other habitual characteristics,as did also so many other authors.. Unfortunately I can only enclose a small! sanple or Gıbe-, should I succeed to obtain in the future real specimens,,„vou will!’ also get some.I saw them recently also from Algiers.C. hamulata andpeduncu- lata are closely relatedithoueh I findfor the lakter a real,thouesh short but suddenly uprisinge stem,with hamulata really only corners.. I have so far seen very little of C.pedunculata sessilis,but never-the less was able to distinguish it. If it kkanxzernzblends into O.hamulata I cannot decide from what I have seeny as that is not enough. Your ©.NuttalliiiTorr. permits, as I believe, to be asproper species, because the keel is thrown up in such a strnage manner toward the outside somewhat inside-out,like with no other species. To consi- der d,.Aussini and Ü.deflexa A.Br.as specific species,is perhaps some - what A udasl ons though at first sieht a small difference is apparent; the keel with the latter is somewhat broader and its forming cells poseess a rich net of reinforcement lasts (which perhaps is connected to the first point). As you possess richer material than I,you may de- cide,how the species question shall be hardled the most a ou. Does the &. Aussiri exist with as long a stem as the Brasilian c de- x flexa ABr.?She seems to have some stem at alltimes.At any case, CAusßtutl fi f tim and cl. deflexa possess- crystals in ur, layer, and with it reinforcement lasts.. The bases of the latterr are very thick and stronely ee, which a LO es ın hand ;E. peploi- ı far o „des and the New Holland Cl. Malleri Sond.(' er show these pro- } $ a } P a \ ir © ® > \ Hegelmaier May 15, 1865 . N —= perties. With c/.Ausselliiiand marginata those lasts above are of nor- mal thickness‘and crystals are absent,the same for C',surfosa Bers. & Berker ana ‚ud, about which some remarks are to follow riecht‘ away..If you want to get aquainted’nicely with the forms of the keell cellscand the arrangement of the reinforcement lasts,better, than you succeeded throush your sections, (because fruits,which have been dried' commonly do not permit*distinct'recognition of the cell! boundaries)) then bDtl an entire fruit or a partial fruit for a moment in a strong etching-potassium solution, then you can see with ease under the maenifying glass with a needle the keel-cells and likewise the tale of the fruit‘ ‚and generally dissect'the pericarp even on fruits,which had been dried. The lack of crystals and the weak reinforcement lasts seems to be a further prooff of the difference of d., Nuttallii. But. could the two named conditions be only based om vegetative differen- ces ?” That question I’ cannot decide at present.. Össurfosa Berz. and indeed’the tender, small-fruited forımdescrii — bed by him, I sae recently'from Perujand now agaimin original speci- mens of Berton from Chile, of which a small sample is enclosed. But Berton 19, as the orisinal specimens prove, up this, his good and excellent species with exotic On Te Cr ukrschsinkon ro consider only a broad-fruited form of C.verna,which seems to be very common in Chile, and such specimens Berton desigenated as C.turrfosa; but one may be able to retain his name for her. Steda . Ber@erofhna I know since a short time from an original speci - ge A Ba een mem, of which here a little sample,the fruits have long stems and irn view of their structure have nothing to do with C.staegn@lis,which you have..Keel cells with"inclined; net-like reinforcement lasts as d,sur- fosa,deflexa,Nuttallii;peploides, marginata.. In fact, I do not know how to distinguish' this W.Berler Aans from d. —.marginata; The fruits of a ern &.Berterdiana are a little larger,however the form and the structure ®) 10 ae reserved HegelmaierrMay 15,1865 .Ss. agree remarkably.. (Keel-cells,lack of crystals,moderately thi- ckend lasts, the base of the cells in question,etce) What may you say to this combiring ?’I do not know, if and how far the flora of Ca - ılfornia and of Chila zboy analogies, .equally, if forms ‚which be - long here, exist in the countries 1ying between them-on the West - coast of the Americas. As I see from your letter;you consider certain forms as belon- ging to.stagnalis,which we in Europe consider as broader fruited forms SERTERR on account of the [x wing)i Some such forms do indeed form a considerable connecting link in the swedish monograph,, Sonnroth considered them proper species and named C,polymorpha.. How- ever, if one considers the presence of the wing-like keeliof di. stag- nalis as the main criterion, one can, as I find, reso lve the separa- verna tionr of C.vers and stagnalis_ anyhow, as this seens practically desi- rable by the wide distancebetween the specially wide-winged east indian C. stagnalis(s.Wishtiana Wall) and our Exminima Hoppe ! According to the named method,„which is my basis,the forms in question can still once belonge to Qkverna, xk there exists a wing, its length varies extraor- dinarilyydepending on the more or minor stretching of the related cells. A recently examined very curious autumyalis form: from the island Anger lesea showed this to me most distinetly; the wings of it ar a quite enormous width,and yet, nobody will! get the idea, to in it fromC. .May-be with the above method'the contradiction beissen. khextin® aknzsxbetween your and mine results will be explained considering 728 . I find this globular or subglobose with C.stagnalis,elliptic for C.verna.May-be you used for this examinatiomas C. stagnalis the broad-fruited verna form ? Finally still’a main point*in the grouping. The lack of bracte- olae for the terrestrial Callitriche,which you specifically’have ofter Heselmaier May 15,1865 - 6. mentioned,made me doubt/the natural certitude of the two part grouping in favor of your 3 part. I’ thought to have seen’earlier bracteoles on the brasilian C.deflexa;wWith renewed examinations, spe- Cirically for tNIS nalnt,:i. found none, und would rather think,that my memory fooled me. I do not put much weisht on this point,and L am used"to miss the bracteoles for pedunculata and hamulata,and that with one specimen completely and with the other in part.. If,however,, there would be never bracteoles:on terrestrial forms,then this would have to be treated seriously.. Now, the New Holland Callitriche are u interesting in a strange way. C.Müllert (macropterix) has crystals.. net-like thickening (the most beautiful of all Callitriche))is gene- rally an exquisie terrestr%al species,and does not have bracteoles.. The 2 Sirumeose species have also nice net-form thickenrines, the one on top of it has crystals, they appear already throush the fruit as next relatives of C.peploides,and, quite generakky,they appear throueh the most important characteristics as exquisite species of terrestriall species. But the one c. umbonata is not only found in a terrestriall iw water but also in an easily recognizable swimming form (rosettes etc) )and further,both land and water forms have bracteoles II hope to get im the future possession of audtralian Callitriche and would share some with youzup to now, I know such items only from foreign herbaria. How car one under these circumstances become aquainted with the correct species of the Araphibiae ?°?Calcite crystals occur,as far as I know,,only by some of the first;but not withvalll,as I mentioned already.. The rein - forvement lasts (verbatim: the thickerning lasts, E.D.) form the inm er parenchyma layer,which become net-like for the terrestrial forms, how- ever there is an entire transitional series from the tender,ray-like lasts of our europaean species ‚„which accomplish more tender and stron- ger,slanting appearing-nets by slanting construction ( free and possi- Q bly faulty translatien by E+D,,) C marginalis,Berserriena,deflexa,etc.. Heszelmaier May 15,1865 - 7 . / all the way to the beautifulj,risht-angled latticework: of the C.MÜllert. The latter is the most exquisite Callitriche known to me.. - What con- cerns the star-hairs, I have examined that point anew,made aware of Star- it by your note; haifs are found on GC, marginata,, deflexa,peploides (now Cuba); the other species I have not yet examined for this point.. Transitions between my 2 motives I do not know... I remember, having heard A. Braun’make the statement,that perhaps of his 3 groups of Isoetes,, more correctly, 2 could come closer together.. As he thinks now about this poinf, 1 do not know... Al in all one may say, that species differentiatiorrin Calli- triche ı2 In part ülfficults but that is no reasom to not fix the the striking types as species. Because even good species could (|! and: should) pass into others,.not stand next to each other without con - nection. For that reason, he whoo separated and he who connects,may im certain cases-in reality both be right.. Myvreal studyvfor now and the near time are the Lemnaceae.. Here the species difference is simple and easy. The difficulties lfe on other problems,which are not minor. I know from Northamerica L.mivor Trisulca , . “no E|race) bolyroiza « L.gibba seems to be missing there.Equ - allyvI do not know of any Wolffia there.. L. umbracta A.Br. is L.. poly- rrhiza, I have already looked at much and valuable materiall, and, in part,own it.. But the study of the history of development, will’ probab- ily take much time,. I have not yet published anything about Callitriche, and I also did not receive the dissertatiorr about american species,kindly promised by you, nor seen. When I will be able to to assemble my collec- ted material, I do not know at this moment.. Thaugsh I repeat the above promises concerning callitrichological aquisitions,I commend myself to you for any possible futureoccasions for shipments to Europe of american’ Callitriche,of which I possess nothing except what came to 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier May 15, 1865 . BB — me through your kindness.. The many beautiful specimens of C. Asae Greyi heterophylla,which are in the collectionszsare almost all! from St. Louis, in part collected by Geyer, in part by Riehl\. Still another point comes to mind... The existence of Q,verna in the southerm band of Northamerica to New Orleans, I formulated,, based on notes made in perusing various herbaria; a believe,to remen- ber having seen it with the locality designatiom Charleston. However, the related specimens are not availble to me any more. I was in the be- ginning not aware enoush"of the various forms of Ce. Asograei which T would have believed to be brevifolia,and the latter for C,verna terres- ‚tris, because outer similarity exists.. But, I cannot say anything for certain. Often the fault with wrong labelling are such procedures.. I will send you in winter a fragment of c..truncata GUss with a loca- lity designation Pennsylvania I! With complete esteemy your most devoted’ Dr. Hegelmaier Tubingen May 1, 1865 (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) RntANIrTrAI IOTAI C/ - 76 723 Er . = Ä < o Apr VE EIER BL , EEK ENTE DELL pn a Hl LIFE: 5 e2 VE | He N 2 = u a [4 =X Ku A| «XL = =L ki © ei na en) ®) 8) ‚A! = ; ) Herelmaier Thbingen Dec. 18, 1866 Rec. Jan. 26,1867 Ans. Jan, 29 Möst Honored Sir Doctor | I can impossibly avoid to thank you for two letters, which came during the gast months, before the year comes to an ends. for the transactions of the Academy of Science,which came to me by way of the local university library, and „then, for the american water-lenses ( this is 2es % the German for "Lemna", E.D.),which came to me through"Prof. Braun.. From a notation in the first I learned,under announcements,, that a dissertation by you about Callitriche has been advanced’ for to be able, to send to you in the not too distant future a small theme of the same subjeet,which has been sent for some time to be printed, and, in which I have tried to combine the results of a gradual cross- sectionrof a number of collections and supports from you and other sources about questionable problems. General questions are little tou- ched here, but the reasons,which forced me to retain the grouping into two sections,and, which I hope will obtain your approval in connection with the related illustrations. Unfortunately, I have up to now not succeeded,to achieve for the New-Holland species,which are especially important in this relatioma distribution, not only for Ballen. tiom much less so for publication (verbatim: "distribution" E.D.). Should this come to pass in the future, I shall not fail, to get san- ples to you. As to the number of accepted species, I will probably be not in harmony with you, as I! strived for a maximal contraction, how - ever, I am convinced, that arbitrarjmess has much leeway in this point,. and differences are thus of little consequence.. Ihe examination of the Lemnaceae gave me much pleasure; repre- er N sented are Li Arıschca polyrrhiza ( s.umbonata A.Brn. a difference does a. u. Hegelmaier Dee. 18, 1866 2 not exist) and minor, to the latter belong besides others also the plants from Cuba (Wrisht No. 3215))as also Grisebach (Catal. pl. Cub.) determined them anyhow, the very first view will tell yow, which belong to this or that of the 3 named species, as long as you know, that no others are with them. Finally, L.perpugilla Torr. is after all that beautiful material, a most outstanding,systemati- cally and morphologically interesting species, the study of which occupied me rather long and still anne a the name of which became known to me only through your communicatiom I believe to I see at this occasion,that this was not the case. I actually’ do not know, where and if this planttof Torrey has been described),and would be very much obliged to you, if on occasion, perhaps by way of Berlin,, you would give me this notation with a single word.. T have seen this little plant besides your flowering specimen from New Jersey, only from Illinois asa new species from Hon. v.Leon- hardt, who had found it besides Arisulca and polyrrhiza and an Utricularia sent by you. .The name was - as mentioned - unknown to me (and him), and further I have no idea,how far the plant may be distributedin Ameriea.. The family of water-lenses- (the German word for Lemnae,E.D.) is, as appears by and by,.not that small, and tropical America has several strange species. As few difficulties make the differences of the latter-and as plain develop thus the systematic conditions,, as difficult - aß least in part - is the morphologyy and for that reasorr the work cannot be launched richt away; but, I believe, the major part of the examinations has been completed“. Dilletantism has recently in England thrown itself with preference on these plants,, | without even touching on the difficult questions. The american lite- rature is to us in Germany much too little knowmr and available, as 7.8. 9.98 copyright reserved Hegelmaier Dec. 18, 1866 3 you see from the above. With recommendation of the highest es- teem Your most devoted Dr. Hegelmaler Tubineen Dec. 28, 1866 (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989 ) 8 9 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved 8 9 -10 copyright reserved "once. ENGEIMANN POPEBS u ER £ ji a ee en Se A - RE = AN a DU N Re N a, EL MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN MIıSSOURI e BOTANICAL copyright reserved Gaenın A ul 1 89 -@- ee BOTANICAL copyright reserved ee } 1 | j Zu 05 usa I AOKGNnn, PR WIGGn Sclrlei EMI E WEERERE | | | ET - RE . "Kay, ET GR 10 MıSSsOURI . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄRDEN n u "Plissouki BOTANIgAı. GARDEN er %% Ä ENGELMANN.»PAPER2 GEORGE. EN u 5 6 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL Heselmaier 0, Tubingem, Anrıl 7,1807 Rec.. May 1 =. Ans. Jaly 1 Möst Hönored Sir Döctor |! Already in possession of the second of your kind shipments since several weeks,which are dated Jan.27 and Feb. 11,I should, as yöu mayw think, have answered you faster.. However, - I did not have the time at the moment to work through the material withh some kind of leisure, be- cause in these first academic years one is"tied domrin several ways, the more so, if one is saddled with lecturescabout different special! disciplines; and further; this working through the materiall,as far as I'have been able to advance, takes 2 - 3 weeks,so that TT came only to- dayvto preliminary conclusions and can make statements at least about some, a® First of all!my best thanks,which T’ ask you to pass on to Mr. Austim; because I do not write english. What of my notes may have inte- rest for him, please have the kindness:to communicate to him.. I: hope,, to be able in the not too distant future,to express my gratitude to both of you further,, I!searched in the local academic collectiomwhich contains the hen of Stendel and Freund and special compatriote Hochistetter,, after a Jüncus \ ‚but in vaim . The herbarium of Stendel is supposed, as I leaned by accident recently,,to be nowin possessiom of a count Alb.de Frangueville,rue Palatine 5,Paris. One sent to me there were within them several oririnal labels by Stendell Ad re - rum Callitriche Your C,heteropoda is a very strange item: The fruit rounded as with Antaretica and such, but a fruit stem present, thoueh I could not find how microcarpva differs substantially from peploi- £ des, The fruit distinctly strumose,. The vegetative organs however rela- tively modestly robust,but I have seen peploides also from Louistana like this (im Karl Burhinger). In the essay,. 7:8 9 9 copyright reserved Hegelmaier April 7,1867 - 2 _ which hopefully will soon be in print,and which I will send you immediatelyy, I’ take the liberty, to direct your attention to a spe- cies described and illustrated’ as-C, umbonata. I do not know, where this kind of a form belongs in the classification adopted by your Unfortunately, I cannot share it with you, as I have only seen it ir the herbarium of Sonder; I always hope, to convince Dr.F.Müller to share New Holland items, in which I have not succeeded up to now.- If in the future something could be obtained, I would share with you. But back to the Lemnaceae,. What I have myself of the desired: items I herewith mentiom. The polyrrhiza, as far a8 I know her, .is al- ways sterile, perhaps she may ws sometimes be fertile in the tropics ?7° In Europe, she is supposed to have been found twice in flower ( both times with one flower), once by Schleicher, who'se statement E readily trust, ,and once byvHans Vv.E_hbenbeck"”- if it is true -; to him the spe- cimen is supposed to have been"lost" | I am completely resigned, to be able to examine this one in flower or fruit, and consider myself excused, that I can not deliver her..L, zibba is in Central Europe al- so almost always sterile, it does not erow in eroups, but here and there mixed with other species.. Flowers and fruits I have up to now seen only from Italy and Afrika, but she seems more inclied to come into flower in warmer countries,where she develops also much stronger vegetatively.. That,by the way, she has been found in flower ir Germany,, England,is known from the literature..I myself saw her liyfvine only sterile, she is entirely missing im’the ıogal area.. The little,which u % you get here, is the one halffof a little Portira,which I myself re- tained - per nefas - from a foreign herbariumywhich came throuch my handss LrinerVis Ä Le: have seen alive 3 times in flower (thoush this one is considered 'rare in flower). A few fruits and seeds I was only able to obtairm ‚by cultivatinge at home in an aquariuma large number, which 8:9 9 copyright reserved Berelmaier April 7, 1867 - 3 2 I’had gathered’ during a several days journey last summer in the Palatinat, of which & permitted’ germinationrand development of seeds.. I have only flowers available.. L. minor I know in fruit only from New Holland specimens, which I’ received for examination” ,in flower one finds her very rarely, but single, if one looks carefully through an assortment piece by piece. I do not have her preserved, as up to now I inserted such fruits in al- echol to prepare them for examination. I! shal undertake at whituntide a trip of several days to the Rhein Valley, exclusitely to search for seeds, becdä%e here ‚im this hilly: »% and water-poor terraimit is very poorly represented.. If TI am lucky,T will get minor and trisulca florens and gibba sterile.. I willi preserve this time, which I' normally have not done,and shall send you,whatever I’get myself..I do not dare to hope for flowering gibba.. Concerning the american Lemnae (verbatim German = "water-lenses") I unfortunately made some remarks in my last letter, about who'se WTONK= ness I have convinced myself through present,careful'examinations; I had made the earlier examination somewhat hurridly with exceptior of the striking and interesting L. Torreyi. The result of this was, that I threw together the perpusilla (bocra) with minorywhich was the more irresponsible,as ade looks rather different; so that I now dare to dis- tinguish her sterile from minor esasilyy‚,and because I knew her already and had examined her under a name which had come to me in a letter from Karster- .„. Mr. Austin is entirely correctt,to describe the one-nerved' little plantlet (New Jersey,Arizona, & Missouri etc) as a new species: L. Törreyi - which name must remain-- That this plantlet is not'L. per- pusilla Torr, does not ptove the description of Torrey,with which not much can be accomplisheds;, but the origonal specimen of Torreyy of wnich A. had the kindness to provide me with a proof,and which oririnated from 7:8. 9. 9 copyright reserved Hegelmaier April 7, 1867 = B_ the Corus classicus mentioned in the description (Stater Island). Lemna perpusilla is according to my opiniomnot only one of these L.Torreyi,but should be specifically separated fromL.mi- a, nor; the amd Scmew AtöObıiemare huge, and, as already mentioned), 2 ‘ the appearance of the sprout is somewhat different. To perpusilla belonz of the received numbers the followings::1) Staten Island (Torr),2) Wayne ‚„Pennsylv.(Austin) '3)Western Missourii (Broadhead)) 4) \ponds on the hills about St. Louis (Fendler 5)Pennsylv. near the Leikawaxen (??? E.D.) River (Austin) 63 ICuba’ (Whrigsht N. 3215) .. I do not put much valna ona ültrerenslation of a var, trinarele,, one Sees the 3 nerves always with proper treatment. Of more impact is an other difference; there are forms with many and forms with few ribbbed seeds (40 - 50; 14 - 16 ribs):!:var multi - and pauci, - costata mihi; I can find this difference only throush exacting, Fi 07 dissection, externally the forms are so similar,that despite the strikinge difference az certainly no specific distin- geuishing fact can be based on it.. The paucicostata seems to be the more southerly form, and I saw her fist - and that in the herba - rium of Karsten - from Venezuela; and Karsten wanted to name her in a letter L.Hegelmaieri;while I’intend to describe them, as sald'’ already as L. paucieostata or L.perpusilla.. To this belongs also the kind from Cuba and - the one from St.Louis (Fendler)..To the L.mul- ticostata belong the other kinds- from the Union». Anyhow,this L.per- pusilla has the good trait, in contrast to the others,to produce Aindaustrialıvy fruits, . 4[3 Now, as to the perpusilla enberlida Aust. and gibba americana,, Tl eonfess, that despite carefull dissection; I cannot distinguish her from our L\ minor.. The first 1s in any case no perpusillas;the latter no gibba.. If specific characteristicds should not be present,, 20, BiDDa, which have escaped me until now,, then I must pull’the forms belon- 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier April 7, 1867 - ». - ein here to minor (New Jersey, Austin; Closter,Austin;Old’ Qua- rries, St. Louis,Engelm.; New Durham, Austin ) and further also the typelfr&ömlOrfange;sNew York,mixed up next to polyrrhiza, with the small Wolffia, :which Austin desigenates as perpusilla trinervis,. From all this there seems to emerge:: that, besides the specific american speciesywhich flower more often,our L, Minor is also widely distri- buted in Nörthamerica,but, unfortunately, Just as with us, Is commonly sterile, and only fertile toward the South.. L. eibba from Arizona, Equador and N‘.Granada are in my opinion eirantic. With us in Germany this plant does not erow as robust as irr Italy, Afrika,and, as I see, in the warmer parts of America.. About the 2’dubious "species dubiae" L.. Ale Austim and un- from dulata AustimrI'ask for now to excuse me Xkax® a pronouncement,I shall! in the next months examine carefully the circle of forms belonging to Li. trisulca, (( which relations seem to belong here))and taking my a time and, after that;),I shall also examine the tiny probes.. One knows a Lemna only after weeks and monthschaving examined her in all dimen- sions;with all possible resources: and methodes.. Wolffia maxima, Aust. (Wrisht Cuba W3215))ifmmy sample of it . nothing to be found of it!= W.Welwitschiij'mihij,SeemJourn. of Botany 1865“p 114; the commomappearance in tropical Afrika and America is surprising; I have however seen her also from South American continent,. there can be no doubt about the identity; of the african specimens,, which I was permitted to examine,, some were in flower,and I plam,to publish the related drawingss in the determining- monograph.. Wolffia Delilii' Aust (nor Schleide) ‚from Orange, New York. is in my opinion = W. columbiana Karster (Botan. Untersuchungen I,.p.103)}; I had at the time some several original specimens (! sterile) for exa- minatiom, and according to the made illustrations: (with enlargements)) | 10 copyright reserved “- h > 4 B i 7 > = 2 A =_. Bi u N BREI m « 2 LT, > 5 Ne fi “ MISSOURI° ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKRDEN \ 10 copyright reserved MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN GEORCE ENcFINMANN PAPERS -8 I Missouri BOTANICAL GAR \ i INT es 5 \ \ ? P | x k v. ee S A; e @ P : . a ie) ‚FI I Missouri BoranicaL GARDE GEORGE. ENGELMANN DAPERS "5 10 copyright reserved MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN MISSOURI . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN Her Art 1X6, \ » N —. x n Ar 4 A RE‘ a: ” el g Sr, x x “U ae Ri I : li a ra ae EEE I % 0 1 2 3 10 MISSOURI: f BOTANICAL cm Ä copyright reserved GARDEN ar 10 copyright reserved 4 ,. . Ä REN - m kl je) er =T © < o z = rm oO en x =, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Et ARE en ? SOURI.BOTANICAL GARDE GEIRGE. ENGELMANN PAPER” 7, N RN a ” vn FREE 0) 1 2 3 A 5 6 9 10 MıssoUuRI { BOTANICAL cm | | copyright reserved GARDEN MISSOURI ! BOTANICAL copyright reserved CAÄRDEN UM 0 | yE 0) 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 5:99 Mıssourl j | BOTANICAL cm | Ä copyright reserved CKRDEN d ee . I .® #, a rar, T = NN se, Br‘ N UN N, | / N . ; ? en , \ N Y f; f r = 4 AN & Ä Fr} F % d A vs ie Tr % A P 4 a + ; | Dar = = v4 * % ra 4 HURIı Boränıcaı GEORGE ENGELMA 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN NV Rec.. Nov. 1 Hegelmaier Tuhingem Oct. 3,1867 Ans. Dec.z0 Honored Sir Doctor |! You get agauinted in the original of the enclosed Little Picture Te very poor letter writer, because I need to answer you:.for not less than 3 letters, which came to me during the last one half year, the last only very recently, and also for the interesting en- closures.. The reason is, tnat I get to make systematic’ research on- lyv, wnen some materisl has come together The other« parts of the labour are very time consuming. I would however not write to you,, without giving you my opinions based on carefullexamination, taking several days labor, about the sent itens. The first of your 3 letters’ (dated March 11. of the current year) ‚which came via Frankfurt,,has actually been disposed of by one which crossed it on tne way,wnich you received as I perceitve from a later one.. It deals with Lenmna erpusille, ;‚ wnich Austin as well as you and I: distinguish"from minor on Account of the Or a ‚ as much as it is also different fromL. nn, Torreyi; further of Juncus be IC Fleers, which, as I wrote already, I cannotobtain here.. Your 2nd letter is of June 30 and contained a seedling of L% . perpusilla 2(% from your area beside grown specimens of tnese. Apparently tne seeds ripened in late fall! germinate not un- Spring,and tnen only be brouesht to germinate; on the other hardI do Know from own observations,that L. trisulca Gibb and minor_ can germinate in tne same summer, in wnich tne seeds ripened,and that is for our most common species the norm. It was of real interest to me, tsabe able to determine, that ‚tnat perpusila corresponds im ‚certainrpeculiarities of tne germina#ion process with the europaean. The Pedrogonia (?? E.D.) and Spirogyra fruit attach thenselves to copyright reserved Hegselmaier Oct. 3, 1807 2 the seedlings and roots, Just as this is quite common here,with the lseedlings suffering badly under these np you Ba c %) ws c f} hr 0 » sent me then Lemna gibba fr /from the Palatinat.I was this year not less than 3 times in the same area only for the sake of the Len- nas, and, as you see, have found all the desired; You will get samples of this,. Finally your last and most important shipment of August 21. What Mr. Hall!communicates from Illinois,is, as you probably have « found out yourself in the meantime,,L._per multirostrata, not minor. You ask, why I do not know multi - and parvi-rostrata ? The first has seeds (could be another word,E.D.),which have usually 40 - 45 ribs (fwhich many are wavy or humped); whth the above menti- oned species I find 60 - 62. The latter has on the specimens from Missouri 12 - 15 ee che Flermbiges,, er Karsten has named L.Hegelmaieri, has ®a 18 - 20..Should one cover all those variations with specific names ? The essential of the difference can only be de- termined through a history of development of the septa, about which I do not want to hold a lecture for you now.I am totally convinced,, that,if we had a complete assortmentof forms,there would probably be one with’ seeds of 30 ribs between them;3. until then, there is no real! transition at hand.. However, thoush I am not very persuaded by the name given by Karsten, I have retained the method of treatment,adop- ted by me od the subject, because would, indeed be not capable,to on: baudi- (50) distinguish multi - and parvi-rostrate in the sterile stage. I may eventually venture,to distinguish sterile minor and sterile AuRUSÜlA, though the first in habitus and the latter also in size show extreme varlations.. cher. you send me Le from New Hörico (Fendler N 1000).. I am until now, despite youfremarks, of the opınion, that the Hegelmaier Oct. 3,1867 americans of Dr. Begliser are mostly sterile forms of minor, and believe, I would change my view only then,if such forms, which you consider as different,would be found sometime in fruit, and, then if indded’it was found,that they do not belong here; L._minor exists with us and in other places in most different sizes and most different habitus, the differences being enormous,and yet belonges better together, if one passes throueh the innumerous forms. I an convinced. L._gibba is found at times with flat frondibus underneath- I’send you such a small sample. But, permits to be distinguished easi- 1ly fromL._minor when sterile,once one is aquainted with it. Gene- rally gibba and trisulca do not vary as much habitually as minor. Gibba I have from you from America in 3 specimens, 1) from Arizona (Cones & Palmer N.425))2) Frundor ( ....... Herb. A, Gray) land 3) New Grande ( the spanish province, now Central America, E.D.) (Holten 714; this is the strongest form I have ever seen)‘. The most interesting however are the little Wolffias, speciallyv .» the remark that Wolffia Delileä ( which, according to present usus different is to be named W. byaltina ) something toto orelo) from W.arrhiza,. as you will see from the small enclosure; Kurz“, as one can see in rea- ding his article, has not even read the, despite all that windfness, exact description of Schleicher or looked at the specimens keeping understafibly quiet. However, one can not spread out (verbatin: beat flat, E.D.) every minute detail nor nonsense in a journal ar- ticle of one's own, or I would have done so long ago... - Our arrhiza 18 ın \ts Bare A special form, Speslally In its size, a quite variable it&my even thoush there can be no doubt about the unity of the speciess I have a specimen from the Normandy (and 2 An spirits) „where there cannot be any doubt about the accuracy’of measurements with 1,5% mm long (written in former German as 1, 5mm ) 10 MIıSssoOURI | BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN Herelmaier Oct. 3, 190 4 | S los ShtoWB. u. the German word is Spirsct Germany it is smaller, ol, mm long and less,in other places it appears even smaller,dom to 0.5 and 0.4. What however none of the observers has seen on this so well distributed plant,;and, what does not exist, is pigmentation in the epidermis. These are,as far as we know generally until now, just as characteristic for certain species (asW.brasiliensis and Welwitschii ) as for certain others (arrhiza, columbiana) as no human being has seen themy and for this reason,as I believe,the presented’ arrhiza var..serulosa from Detroit does not belong to arrhiza. .It will primarly depend, if the specific ane- rican form has always the pigmentatiom You receive here a small ori- ginal sample of W. brasiliensis, of which I myself have of course only very little..It will certainly interest you,that the plantlets,which are in part flowering and in fruit,,are on average +* larger than yours from Detroit, which T! received; and the piecment in the piement cells is larger, and, thus, the points are darker..Both are ‚accor - dinz to my experience so far differences of little meaning,and I attribute your plantlets most an W.brasiliensis. Both have a placea (277 E.D.) with numerous sp!t-openings provided air- openrines. . The stomata are considerably smaller than with arrhiza. with W, columbiana the upper surface is apparently convex,thus the overalllformnofthe front ellipsoid and what ties in to that,there are only few stomata;with the original plants of Kerstem I find normally 2 - 3, the northern ones have some more, and are somewhat more robust than the others, of which I today cannot share any, .,because at this time I have only my drawings and notess Kersten's diagnosis is very en .. and besides Imeorrect,..It is called Botanische Untersu- chungemV, p. 1063: "W. columbiana bald and without glands and provi- Ö 9-38 copyright reserved Hegelmaier Oct. 3, 18677 " w. arrhiza (Michelu Schleid) somewhat bristly warty (?) * with it a completely missed’ analysis of the fruitbng bodies with illustrations. Thus, obviously decisive is the examination, which I have made of the Kersten specimens,and the results of which > know. . Concerring Callitrichae „ your striking remarks in your last let- ter are very interesting; I sent already some time back the brochure of the theme about this subject awayy and will have to delayvthe elaborationrof your latest contributions for an eventual occasiom, for which certainly the opportunity will arise,because sooner or 1la- ter something will!be obtained. .I hope, to get the theme finally con- pleted very soon,whereupon the long promised specimens will be sent immediately to you. Writings for Societies are often very slow ones,. Very interesting and enjoyable is foe/your statement, that C.margi- nata and Berti are supposed to be very similar. I came indepen- dently to the same result,and you will find, that I’ subordinated the the latter as subspecies to the first..If one does not combine in this way, what can be combined in any way, them one must describe every formm and number of Callitriche as a species.. What others consider as species, I do not object,and they have perhaps just as much the riecht! LO do 2G.. I’ expect to come to an end in the examination of the Lemnaceae during the winter,so that the booklet may be in your hands in a year,. if all goes well. Your contributions are now with those of Mr.. Wel- witsch the most valuable ‚which I obtained, and I must thank you again and again most heartily for your many and large kindnesses. Whatever you may have to contribute until the completiomwill be welcome with best thanks.. Yöu announced in your letter some items in spiritus, and most friendly thus, I: am looking forward with/anticipatiom . Your most devoted T. Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989)) copyright reserved v F. Hegelmaier Pubinsen Öet. 4, 1569 This isa postscript to Hegelmaier's letter to Dr, Engelmann of Oct. 3, 186” E.D.. Repegted’examinatiomlets me come to the result, that‘ your Wolffia from Detroit can not be separated’ from brasiliensis, the differences in dimensions are on average not as great as T thought in the besinnings remains thus onlyfphe larger quantityvof pisment as with the rieinal plant of Widdell\which I consider very insig- nificant as a characteristic., Of the samples from Oran«ze County from Mr. Austim I have sear- ched in vain until now for this type, may-be I will find her still, when I’ soak the entire supplyvand make use of it. It seems to be rarer’than W.columbianum. What you send me from St. Louis is how- ever identical with the plantlets from Orange CountyThe two Wolffias fruiting in South America, are probably found onlyvsterile with you (At least in the northern states). W._arrhiza behaves in the Ola World in a quite analogous way». Greeting you with highest esteem, Your 7 F. Herzelmaier Tubineen, Oct. 3, 186% I think, at most one could separate your Wolffia as a variety from the typical brasiliensis (translated from German script by E.Denison, May 1989)) Ai er 10 MıSssoUuRI f BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN a nrme 2 ul [a JE =. 2 B:) =T © = ®, ei Br ParnDdrr Tıındi nr --Mis 8 10 MIıSSOURI ß BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN EN N RD =. no) =T 274 : “ >” OÖ = & = FE f: = MISSOURI ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN 8 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCÄRDEN , rn) > L7 TG h ENGE MAN PArERF: | £ Pr? En‘ AN $ 2 u 2 N N: 7 : ZA ® 7 R. 1 er; SE s r. rn Pe AR GEO 6 7 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI: . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN 5 6 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN / Hegelmaier Tibingen 00t.10,1867 Rec. Nov. 6,1867 ans. Dec.20 Most honored Sir Doctor |! After having mailed a letter to you today a week ago, Ire - ceive today a letter mailing from you with Wolffia from illincols and W. Wilwitschii from Cuba.. You certainly have the risht to be impatient, and I tried to excuse myself in my last letter as well as I could..I am over the summer much overloaded with teaching activities, and, thus, my free time is important to me, to porvide live materiall and to study the most important developmental processes in the open through travelling,, so that I could not undertake to make systematic examinations, as these objects by their nature must be undertaken with considerable leisure, if one expects to receive worthwhile results.. W._Welwitschii1 'I received once before from you from Cuba, T believe then, when you sent me the items of the Hon. Austin. The de- terminatior came from me, and was based on the specimens sent to me then. As vou do not seem to trust the desiernation fully,I take the liberty to enclose a few fronds of the african orieinal plants,with the wish, that your doubt will thus be eliminated. I’ remark only (in case the specimens should not appear entirely identical by accident with yours), that Il examined, measured and drew a number of fronds of the africans fron a lana of various dimensions; all are remar- kably elongated,though imvarying dimensions, as you find it for the smerican plantlets and describe.. Considering Wolffia arrhiza maculosa I have alreadyvcommuni- cated my view, and rejoyce, that you came to the same opinion in the meantime - that they are brasiliensis,, Hegelmaier Oct. 10,1867 2 nals. Only, I do not entirely agree with you, when you write, that kk® your arrhiza maculosa and the europaean are identical in the size of their cells; and in contrast to brasiliensis smaller celled.I used specimens from Michigan (Bigelow) for examinatiorm; in examining dried specimens, it is best to use the epidermis cells ({surface with 4x to compare with lower) and the stoma- ensis ta, and I find,that brasilian is originalis differ in average di- mensions onty little::the latter with few large cells,but differs in this point"considerably from arrhiza europaea and also arrhiza maculoßa and brasiliensts orig. stand much lower than arrhiza euro- paea. It will form a kind of connectine link between the two latter,. also on account of the lesser pigmentation. Thus, we have the choice Ber 4 kinds: 1) all 3 forms form one species,against which there i5 not much vo Be eat only for the arrhiza of the old world no pigment cells exist. 2) 3 species, this can hardly be accomplished,, until sometime later material from other parts of America are present.. 3) arrhiza vwmaculosa is joined with arrhiza and is separated from brasiliensis 4) arrhiza maculosa is being combined with brasiliem sis and is being separated from arrhiza ‚and would be called brasi- liensis. This would be the most inoportune, and L. arrhiza maculosa is beine united with brasiliensis and separated from arrhiza; this seems to me, from what I have seen so far, the most oportune,though I have often pronounced, that in all such cases,where interim forms exist between true specimens of very different species,according to my conviction the systematic order will limp, and - au font - one can only deal with the volitio.. As I get to such problems, I must examine the presently re - ceived Wolffias from Illinois carefully and compare them with other forms. copyright reserved Hegelmaier Oct..10,1867 From Karsten's work I have communicated the most necessary.. It does not deal at all with the forms but with the growing of the plants,and the W.columbiana is there only illustrated incidentally as a paradiem, and in a note below the margin (i.e. "a footnote" E.D.) (as recently remarked) entirely wrong diagnosed for W.co- lumbiana, arrhiza and brasiliensis. I! forgot recently to enclose a sample of L.Hegelmaieri, which name has been used only in letters. As you will see, it belongs u 9 oNnN =» into the form category öf the perpusillaa...%... eMmptlori, .and ucıeostaia, that, to use my terminologyvto stata (#EED.) . The fruit and seeds are somewhat short,but there are also considerably lon - ger oneszgand, in this regard, I find also in the north-americar forms great differences You are intirely correct, that the sculp- ture of the septa is sienificantliy different from the multifostata; yes, I add, that also a dißSectiomof it shows considerable diffe- rences,and that also in that rerard the ones of Karsten and the north-amerivan pakficostata on the one side and the multicostata N EEE en] stand decidedly opposite each other. Under present day systematic ideas one can in this case, as is done so frequently,accept species almost as well as subspecies.. My own experience is, that through examination of multiple forms as a rule the disposition is to com- bine, and if others come out in reverse,they have in the end sub- jectis constantis (? E.D.) many parts. Objectively, neither of the two is right, and Nature will not permit to be squeezed into our schemes,. The Lemnae in spirits, of which; you write again this time,. have not yet arrived, and I look forward to them with immense joy«. Hegelmaier Oct, 10, 1867 4 With heartiest gzreetings, Your F. Hegelmaier ikimsen October 10, 1867 (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989 ) 7 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI F BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄRDEN IT [2] 053 [0023 0 1 2 3 A MISSOURI° . BOTANICAL cm | Ä copyright reserved GARDEN Ir MissaUuR! BOTANICA!. ‚GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS rDE MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved er, Il ee E03 % 0 1 10 MIıSsoOUuRI BOTANICAL cm Ä | copyright reserved GARDEN MissouR! BOTANICAL R GEOBSE ENGELMANN PAPERZ2 MISSOURI:° : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCAÄRDEN Hegelmaier T%bingen: Nov. 12, 180% Most Honored Sir Doctor I! My two letters of the previous month will have „ as I hope,, come to you; and also the brochure sent byvpostal wrapper.E qnalliy I'hope,, that you will! excuse my somewhat difficult to explair tardi- ness of the past sumner.. AS to my essay, it would interest me much,if you think,, that I’ have looked at your newer shipments (heteropoda and microcarpa)' ringe % chaos of seen forms correctly» I’ at least made an effort A the best of my knowledge and abilitysinto this scheme;should I have lumpedi too muchhand specialized too little, you may want to correct this through an adaptatiorr from your viewpoint“. I, in my part,, will have toodeli- verr a postscript’ some dayynot onlyybecause I could not use your last communications any more, but the printer made the matter much too lazy ‚by ienoring all kinds of insertions,which I made basedor a sin- cere source during proof-reading, and, consequently’ they are now mis- sing.. Teur last sent mixture of Welffia from Illineis, I finally 3 examine now; one can really distinguish the two species to a major part under the magsrnifying glass, after they have been softened’ suffi- ciently. W. columbiana does not differ in anything from'specimens from other localities, Interesting was for me, khkak to find several:!speci- mens,which" with all carefullness showed only one stoma. M' ost fre- quently I’ found this with group %The other I find (brasiliensis)) also agreeing with the one from Detroit; specially imsrekardntölthe small (Considerably 'smaller than with our arrhiza) stomata.. The pig- mentatiomis, as far as intensity is concerned,very differenti,, with some specimens very intensive, as intensive as with the specimens of Weddelll orieinals,with othersmuch more delicate,so that I believe, it never will be missing. Yöu seem to put little weight on this point, and write of individuals totally lacking piementatiom, which IT could 8.9 WM copyright reserved Hegelmaier Nov.22,.1867 | 2 not find in my examinations so far,which, of course were limi- ted in quantity.. When pismentation is quite dilute,it most likely disappears entirely throueh dryinge ( or Ban im spirits),whereas with stronger Antensityrmore often it is,not being altered’ throueh these Infyucneses nun z se Sen to the analogue condition of the pigmentatiom on your Lemnaceae (gibba,polyrrhiza)Did you exXa- mine the brasiliensis fresh,and is the piement of the fresh plant also already brown ?° but not perhaps purple 9% It would be of highest value to get information about Eile point.. Weddelll, according to his report,, examined only dried and many soaked 'specimens,and found the mass of them brown. Still another point* Our arrhizashas an upper surface, which is not levell,but strongly domed in cross-directiom (4 to b),but only in this one,so that a crosscut along this line is edged almost by a circular line, With the best soaked specimens of W.brasiliensis it seems to me, that the upper surface is really flat,however in this T could fool myself easily by the nature of the sub- ject; may-be, you could give information about this, ; in case you have examined live plants.. The plants in spirits (or, should this be spiritus ? E.D,),, of which you wrote, have not yet arrived. I do not believe, that they have been lost,but that they are being transported slowly.. Lately, I’ examined much exotic material, in part for the se- cond time, and became much inclined, to describe the Lemna perpusilla pauci@ostata as a specific species... I expect already now, thoueh T have not yet examined several larerer herbaria, to come to the opinion,. to be able, to prove a much wider geographical distribution for the plant ((also in Asia and Africa)) within whichhis varies only in in- sienificant points in some dimensional conditions, without having seen up to now true connecting links with perpusilla (multirostata)’ Hegelmaier Nov. 12, 1869 ., the latter seems to be restricted to a smaller area, I know it only from the United States fromiPennsylvania to Missouri; - Cöuld it be further west or south ? A.Gray says “and southward"; However, I have seen them only from Pennsylvania, New York,. Missouri and Illinois, and none from the true southern states; Never-the-less, I must foregoo, to to differentiate perpusillasand our questionable species from each other without at least half- ripe seeds,, and also not the pauciXostata.. There is the question, how the latter may be obtained; I first a letter,. the willingeness demands, that, in case it should be des- cribed for the first time in my essay, that Karsten retains the au- thorship,and I would try to motivate Kasten then, to give it another name than Hegelmaieri, which I do not want to publish. Should,how- ever, you describe it in the meantime under any kind of a name, or remark, that this will be done by anyone of your compatriots,,„then I would ask you first, to bring my attention to this... Nothing is further from me, as you may have noticed already, then the chase forrauthorships.. With the Wolffias from Illinois:-I found a Lemna, which accor- dinge to the newest examinations:is nothing else but U.minor sterilis.. hen nn nn You write once, that, what I! consider as L\.minor from Northamerica had larger stomata than the europaean minors: I intend to examine the related material'some time in that point; but of the now men- tioned plants one cannot say this.. I'do not have any plant samples to be enclosed this time, greeting yow'with hishest esteem, four most devoted F.Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E.Denison, April 19895) Bug” nn 8 Le O5 2, Pe nn Bi Far SG A 3 8 9 10 MISSOURI° , BOTANICAL copyright reserved CARDEN ER ZEE: ur De an dm UB- a ET Pr EI; a ee > - r RATE EEE IN ER =>- ' _ ton a ERS —. RU Bee 2 eh Br \ ge & MT IT MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved wi an x a2 MisSo RGE ENGELMANDN. PARERS 10 copyright reserved MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN [7 — \ Hegelmaier Tubingem Dec. 19,1868 Rec. Jan 9 Tnis could be 1867 ?7’E.D.. „Moss#=:Honored Doctor ! The present letter serves primarly, to let you not any lon- alcohol. It reached me 3 - 4 weeks back from Frankfurt,and I pronouce myvmost devoted thanks to yon.. All arrived in good shape; opened and examined until now are only the little elasses with the mixture of Lemnae and Wolffia colnm= biana from St. Louis. To the others I will zet only In the New Year, because I’ like to get into an object thoroushly’once I get to it“. I'am therefor not in position, to make many remarks about the items,thus only this, that the questionable Lemnae - in that respect I have become finallyvconfirmed - are certainly’identical with our europaean minor. We have equally robust and still more robust forns.. The carina in the middle line of the upper surface has also the eu- ropaean minor. The carina on yours was at first view somewhat dumb- founding In the size of the epidermis cells’and a related’ measure of ne leine size of the stomata,there is no difference from our nor- mal europaean forms. One can however not use this last point as a diagnostic characteristic, as I thougeht for some time. I have now slowl\y made a lot of measurments on a mass of forms,and, from this results indeed,that (what becomes fast apparent)L._minror has gene - rally smaller stomata than other species,specially the perpusilla, group, however, there are remarltable exceptions from both sides, so that in the extremes of both sides the dimensions overlap/. Even less could L. perpusilla and our maculosa resp..paucirostata be separated on the basis oflconly vegetative characteristics... L.minor and perpusilla are certainly in their mutual relatiorm so different, that they are,what one calls "zood species"; every sytematician, who examines them carefully,will declare for this.. 9: copyright reserved Hegelmaier Dec. 19.1868 -_ 2 - And yet,I have become aquainted in recent times with some few forms (specially one in the Vienna herbarium,which I had to use one of these days), which caused me unending headaches (in German "head- brakine" E.D.),until I decided to accept the supposition,that here was a form with characteristics of both species, thus a connecting 1ink.The form comes from Ohio (Greger) . The shape of the fruit and the direction of the seed as most importent characteristics ties her rather to perpusilla,even though in this point approximation to minor MU exists. Paucirostata can not be in the picture here,as it is Aare dAistant from minor through the structure of the seed.. You wrote earlier some time, that you had so much material of Wolffia, that you could provide all collections in the world. ir2 thila Denn be so, I’ take the liberty to recommend’ the K.K.. (KBnielich & kaiser- EI: liche=-(royal and imperial) V'_ iennese Hofkabinet and the K. Berlin herbarium at some times. for consideration. Transmittal (specially to Vienna, with which you probably are not in correspondence,I could undertake. Plants immersed in alcohol are not suitable for drying; Both named collections possess neither Wicolumbiana nor W.brasili- ensis, only of the first do I find a number in the Vienna collec - tion, little plants,found by accident, under L.polyrrhiza,of which it is uncertain if they are from Ohlo or New Sork.. When I! sent you L. trisulca - I believe it was last Spring - I’had only a few, as I!could not find a party, which believed to possess it. Recently ‚the matter has been resolved,, wherefor I en- close further material.. One finds the plant in collections,and we have also flowering ones; in those used by me so far they are not present,or only in single fronds.; arlier I hope, that my!letters from past autumn have come to you,. | > I 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier Dec. 19,1868 .3_ I have no report about them, and would not know,how to en- courage you otherwise, to do So, With best greetings Your most devoted Dr. Hegelmaier Tübingen December 19, 1868 (translated from German script by E.Denison, April 1989) r— 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCÄRDEN 7:8: 9.:: copyright reserved MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN 7 8 ) 10 MISSOURI ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN 2 > 4 a a - e BOTANICAL GARDEN GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS ee MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN Hesrelmaier’ Tubingen, Jan. 17,1868 Rec.Feb.10 Most Honored Sir Doctor I! Because the matter has some urgency,I' annouce to you_the arri- val several days ago of your letter, before T Gstudiea its contentss,. and can discuss it. Be convinced, that it will be studied and eva- luated with all conscienciousness. In the meantime my heartiest thanks for everything:: for the: plants, tor the valuable contributior to my albumof scholars, always a constant patron’and advisor of my small! efforts,and,finally, for the esteemed 'remarks about the life of the Lemnaceae in your area. .My last letter, in which I: announced the re- ceipt of the plants in alcohollcrossed in the meantime with yours,and will have arrived about simu ltaneously with yours..I want to answer now your youngest questions before you trust yourself to the atlan- tic ocean, as far as I’am able for the moment,respectively add some from my side. Lemna trisulca The sterile sprouts are always without stomata,. whereas the flowering ones develop some in modest number on their surface, which has been known a long time. You will find them the most likely on the base part ((i.e. that, which forms the pockets from which the sprouts emerge); there, they are never absent, are how- ever not always seen easily due to their small'numbem On the lower part they are generally even fewer. Lemna melanorrhiza is indeed closely related to polyrrhiza, a Spirodela; I knew it already a long time prior to the descritior in the Journal of S&teman. Wolffia Welwitschii I compared’with polyrrhiza only as to size # (i.e. extension of surface not thickness) and not as to formin order [1 copyright reserved Herelmaier Janst7, 1868 - 8 . entirely different. Wolffia arrhiza My stomata measurments agree with yours almost exactly. Small!specimens from Leipzig had those from 0.0342- 0.036 robust ones from there 0.0342- 0.038 those from Caen( Normandy) 0.038 - 0.030 (very robust) Wolffia brasillensis, Illinois 0.021 - 8.0228 from Matto Grosso 0.019 - 0.025 These values harmorize all more with yours than Weddelll, and T believe for this reason, that he gave somewhat too small measures. Weddell'!S work contains by the way much of excellence.. I have not yet compared the fruits of these two Wolffias,but will undertake in the fall! another comparative examinatiomof all Wolffias.What you write about the modus vivendi of W.columbiana does tie in with the small number of stomata and the image,which one must form’a priori by her need to swim.. Karsten commuricated something similar to me upon questioning but not clear and definitive. Lemna paljecirostata Concerring the difference in the epidermis with" perpusilla, the specific examination will have to wait,as I have not yet had the time. In the Berlin herbarium,in case, you are yes consult it,it exists fromıCeylom (Thwaiser ),from the east-indian continent (Mörker ),,from Japan(Wichura) ;I also have it fromi...... unaes .thus it is very well distributed,considering,what is knowr 'til now of perpusilla. I also include hypothetically sterile ones from Java, Polynesia etc. Those in the Berlin herbariumhad been de- sienated from the very beginning as L.minor. In part they were typed by me at the first, hurried perusal; later I w&El! dealfwith the col- lection once morehnd discovered my errors,but have not yet corrected them, because I plan to wait until the plants would have a name» ) O 10 copyright reserved Hegel,aier Jan. 17, 1868 . 3 =- Wbalr Wahbt concerns that, I have mentioned earlier,that, if I had’ des- cribed them first, ,I would have asked Karsten for a name,because some people put value on such matters,which, however, I hardly believe of Karsten.. If you too describell. patcirostata,that too would not do any damage, as for me such matters have little importance. I’hope to get the seeds to germinate in spring,if they should not have suffered throush pressure, drying should not have beerr harmful: I let the seeds of L.gibba germinate after dry storage of several weeks, and it is otherwise known, that they can be stored over winter. After all I know about the nature of their habitat, I believe, that this process Br Ener to tne plants, i.e. they can tolerate the drying out of their habitat without perishing.En- tirely the same you find with your american species. On the other hand,exact observation proves, that L. gibba vegetates over winter, as do certainly trisulca and minor.- I was not able to observe them in the local area wuxsxexaekkyx,and my trials to bring them im (? E.D.)) failed. This goes against the culture requirements of Lemnas,which I know closer..- If yours winters in brackish places throush seeds,. there does not follow with necessity, that there is not enoueh wa- ter,but, perhaps, that it is not warm enoueh for germination.Thus, the question shonld remain open,and, at least, several possibilities in Europe are involved..The Wolffia by analogy with W. ah at least overwinter. My special thanks about your information about pirment & shape of W._brasiliensis. The last point I can now examine myself. What you can expect in the spring in Berlin, was recently communicated to me too,..Should yoursonrchoose a vacation sometime in the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) or the Swabian Jura (Schwbische Alp), or our Bavarian Mountains (Algeu) ,youritinerary leads you by copyright reserved Herelmaier san. 17, 1868 » 5 — Ti way of Tubingen and a stay with us. I am reallyvalso Dr. med. & chir, and past doctor, Callitriche I know from Japamand that in a formywhich I could not separate from our vera, as I have mentioned this.. And now I’ wish you with all my heart a good trip and fast passage. Thankinz you again and with ereetings, Your F.Hegelmaier Tubinsen Jan. 17. 1868 (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) T 8 9 :49 MISSOUR BOTANICA | copyright reserved CKÄRDEN ER A! ‚3 1868 er . > “ = 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN | ent u us, er a? BGG Se Br AT Ar un A, u nr a Erg e ; ze { Fo, „rn en Alaa re rar „a em SR > Gab 0 BU PA nen rd ER i » s ’ . | 8 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN MISSOURI° . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCAÄRDEN MiSsouRL-B SOTANICAL. GARDER GEORGE ( ae Eee 5... u EMANN KAPERS MISSOURI . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄRDEN Herelmaier langen, March 20,1868 Rec. April 13,1868 Most Esteemed Doctor ! Thoush I! let pass the deadline throush prolonged postponenment,,, which you had set in your last letter of Feb. 2, as advisable for a letter, however may-be the present lines will still reachyou, which I believe the more, as it was to be concluded from your last but one letter, that you have postponed the time of your de- parture already once. | I! forgot to write earlier, that I would be able with pleasure.,. to send to any place in Germany samples in alcohol of Lemna gibba and trisulca floresc.,L.minor c.fl. & fruta,also Wolffia arrhiza,. if this would be of service to you. Trisulca in fruit I do not have myself; In 1866 I achieved dassadisa fruits after getting them to flower in room culture,which I used in part for germination and in part for dkssection, I can thus say only, that I can not d&clare any difference in seeds from the otherwise so dissimilar L. minor, I’am much more obliged’ for the last shipment,thoush the items were sterile,than you seem to think, xx which xuxX eave me some in- formation. Thus ‚one of the numbers | of L.polyrrhiza seems to prove,that this plant over-winters there, in a warmer climate,, your different from ours. Do kk& Wolffias overwinter on the water sur- face in your room ? In Europe the DU. arrhiza winters by a winter- sprout,which sinks to the ground, and does so'for several years also in a daily heated roomy most likely this will not be the same Sec 200 Kor each latitude. - Your perilis ( or perilia ? E.D.) prospers,, the Californans seem all to belong to-L. minor, equally so L. Torreyi from New Mexico (Gallejo Spring)..I am at present invol- ved, if L. Torreyi should retain its name or mak if an older one does exist rishtfullyya question, which came to my attention only this winter through’ viewing of yonr material, and which causes me 8 9. 18 copyright reserved Herelmaier March 20,1868 - 2 —=- all kinds of sceruples,considerine the weisht which some put on such" problems of nomenclature; I, also, became only last win- ter aware of several!striking,unfortunately sterile,forms of Lem- naceae ( I can't even acteihns the genus definitely),one of which you have prof. Braun show you (from South Africa ?),,and I am convinced, thatlby further delaying my work!;I! not only could fill in several known gaps and also augment my notes, but also may become aquainted with'more unexpected forms;z. But I am never- the-less determined,to now come to a preliminary conclusion,and to complete the text in the just begun spring-vacatiom Your alcohol! preparations have just been dissected in the last weeks,and ir part I present their fate here.- I’ certainly did receive from you Callitriches, from California, and did probably annouce their re- ceipt to you. They have been referred for research%o tar, until some more will! augment them.. I have ordered the new edition of A. Greyy and am curious about it. W.brasiliensis also shows some dif- ferences in the inner structure from the arrhiza ‚i.e. the material! of it,which is available to me; if this is oorrect for all forms,. is, of course, a big question. .The back-surface is less raised with brasiliensis than with our_arrhiza.. The simplest and least perfect structure is definitively the columbiana. Her back surface is al- mostarched- in the same degree ( but not quite the same) as the belly-surface ( this is a verbatim'translation;E.D.),and thus nears the form of an ellipse very closely. Its texture is much larger- Our comprehend celled than the two other species,and i# can hardly kexitumkked,, how thisconklomerate of very limited mass of celles can bring a relatively large seed to ripeness, which, according to Karsten, does really exist,and seen by himbut, in its parts was wronely interpreted.. I just remember, that I possess a separate prin - Herelmaier March 20,1868 3. ting,which I do not need, and that I also have the journal. If you will tell!me, where these should a be eladly of service. Büt now, stay well, I heartilyvwish you a happy trip, Your devoted Dr. Hegelmaier Tubingen, March 20, .1868 (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) we | 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI: : BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN Aa pr "EIS GER PL Ge: u A Fi Ar Fe Am IF 22 aa N ee en Ar A Paul ne 2 dh ie ne, GT ne ee MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved ES x Missour! \ N r N NY \ } N | A u eK Ve RE NA Din] re I a N a ED GE 8 ) 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN BOTANICAL GARDEN rk vv. a m mr 9m & ; * | 4 Set: al Of A} - 2, PL IE Be zUREn u 5 z = Pe, ee a >) : R a ER ya .ıı» 4 —E- 5 ä Fa IL ea Ze AN Ar F punc : 2 REEL . AG 7 A en: | es RZ ne MISSOURI:° BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved ne > ne z— ee - 5 De ae 294 Fa #193 2 3.4.9. © .7 8 TAN ; Mresnırnı "BOTANICAL GARDEN er = anKAINI DA 4 GESRGE ENGELMANN PAPERS a a RE DE EZ 12:2 .°3..00°5 8. 70:8, 9.0 MIssourı, BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN V Hegelmaier Tubingem June 17,, 1868° Rec. Jüne 19 Ans. 20 Most Honored Sir Doctor ! The plants, which you sent to me throueh Prof. Braun a veserday, bu I can only beein tomorrow, to examine them more REG In the meantime my heartfelt thanks ! May T take the liberty,to keep your Callitriche and the Lemnae of Wright for 8 - 10 days here. I would like to look them over somewhat, and the return trip may not be in a hurry, at least I! concliude this from the absence of anyvindi- cation about this. During the past spring-I wrote you still!'another letter,. which perhaps did not reach you any more, in which I and Arschner (>) proposed, if this would have any meanring to you, to send flowering Lemnae in alcohol (/trisulca, gibba)to a locality to be chosen by you in Germany. To the completion of your trip, for which TI! then wished you 2004 fortune, I Can now conerratulate you, The Wolffia little bottle arrived also well with the last package, and will be of much use still. Your notes and drawings concerning Wolffia, I have observed with great interest, but, until now, only superficiallyv As far as I’.can determine until now, I shall at the return have only’vone di - verging interpretation for the figures.. During the last months some sterile forms of american Lemae have given me very severe headaches, and probably I may not come to a certain result as long as nothing fertile of this is discovered. They were named by Philippi L. minima ( as it seens, he thinks they are L. minuta Numbi ) and have throush absence of ix in the sprout the most similarity with the valdiviana Phil (L.2orreyi ,, Austin). The name ®y Philippi is unfortunately a few years earlier > than blicus ( ???? E.D.) „ though with a description,which, Keasuin Ze u Eu a un SIE, I | \ | | | REEEE .- . - rn . . ) ; EEE 1 : u wen ———— — | 2 3 4 8 (6) 7 8 U N V copyright reserved Herelmaier June 17,1868 . 2 _ lets one zuess at almost anything but the plant in question,. (were it not for the several oririnals distributed in herbaria) as which I’mention it in the beginning,thoush I am less than convin- ced’about her identity Adkkr, but lelieve, that a definitive species is involved, which es ent known only after an inspec- tion of flowers and fruits. In the Berlin herbarium is L.minima Phil, and L. valdiviana,Phil; of the latter Ilenclose an orignal sample for you. Some northern numbers (from California by Bolander) stand in a way in the middle, however, these sterile ones can bring one almost to desp®&ration ; any firm ground is missing,and yet, I am glad to get again and again such forms for examination... Thus, T believe to be able to distingulish L. perpusilla and paucirostata sterile by their root-division ( this could be "root-disk", German either Scheide or Scheibe ,E.D..??). Prof. Braun has a very charminge Lemna in his herbarium,which I have named’a sterile Wolffia lineulata. The W. oblonga (Lemna oblonza Phil.),enclosed for you,,is her closest known relative,she is distinguished from the real Wolffiae in very important way, 3) (a dissertation herk would %oo far) is up to now known only sterile,, but offers vegitatively outstanding forms..Her addition to Wolffia | untl can only have preliminary worth, and cannot be predicted #£ some- time fruits will be discovered.. If the magnificent and valuable collection of Juncus be re- ally destined’for me, I! would not know, how I could prove my grati- tude for it now.. The seeds of L.perpusilla, sown this spring, did not germi- nate, but perished unfortunately. Who and where is that Mr. Wrisht,who made the fine Cuban collections, and would in not be possible,to obtain from him throush | 8 9 :30 copyright reserved Hegelmaier June 17, 1868 3 purchase or for printed matter such items, which for me have monographic interest ?°Of specific items I have samples through your kindness, but, as a monographer one has never enough, as one should be ablille to make further examinations.. May Mr. W. Engelmann in Leipzig be related to you?’I of- fered him the treatease on Lemnae for his publishing house,which is hishly esteemed in many circles.. Not knowing your address in Berlim, I mail this letter to the address of Prof. Braun,to whom I take the libertyvto write also tomorrow or the day after. With hishest esteem Your devoted Yy Dr. Herzelmaier Tubingen June 17, 1968° I possess only very small samples of the two epidermic items |! (Translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) Bo m copyright reserved | > DL IH PTR in 5 H N a 7 We Se Dr er Fa ÄPEAKES 2 ze ' 8 9 -10 r BOTANICAL copyright reserved Eiandı MISSOURI 8 9 10 MISSOURI £ BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN u 8:9: MISSOURI° BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN | Er Bar =, , 2 R \ —. € =, KA PER | . Mr Ss Missouri BOT! GEORGE ENGELMAND PAPEBSZ IE a ED a ER N EEE Zu 1 2 3 4:8 (6) 7 8 9 :.49 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Hegelmaier Tübingen June 28,.1868 Rec.. Berlin Jüune 30 ans. July 17? Möst Honored Friend I! Heartiest thank for your letterr!i I searched througsh the package, which arrived several days earlier, several times,lookine for some lines from you, but apparentlyvrno such were enclosed.. Your items have beemthoroughly examined; and can at any moment be returned; but I desire to re-examine some of the Calli - triche items once more in the fallland thus, I! take permission, to keep all! for now here. I! learned throush this occasiom of new forms of that genus,and it seems to me, that the creation of one or the other new name can not be avoided, though IT! object as much as pos- sible against this,..I also had to convince myself,, that TT had done totally wrong tooyour d. (here is a blank in the text,E.D.) micro- carpa in the postscript to my last essayy: it is different from all other know ones, and I can state the circumstance only for half ar excuse, that I did not have before a properly ripe fruitt for exami- nation... Should you not yourself desire to describe the californiar and cubarr items, and as this would be desirable, I cannot do this now sud- denlyy but could do it during Fallitoward New Year in quite short articles; Materiallfor also quite short article$willl perhaps come fromthe forms from New Holland and Chile,whichhI! examined lately.. Should the note about'the californ@n (or cuban))be suitable for your St. Louis dissertations; I would make them available in the future,, because they are entirely written in Latirror Germam,and T' would not want to comppmi se myself by translating them into Engittsh.. In the issue,provided some time back, of your transactions T find’ explanations about the majority of your beautiful! junci; 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier June 28,1868 2 _ I’also own a new edition of A.Grey. where also most of them are described! To the latter, as I am told, there are supposed to exist supplements instead of an unchanged full edition, of which you spoke earlierMy local bookstore could not provide these until now, but I own the supplement dealing with the Lemnae im hand copy.. About the recently mentioned pointtof the synergid, I may not have expressed myself exactlyy and thus was not understood correctly by you. I do not have the slightest doubt about the complete identity of Philippi's specimens, his.L.valdiviana with Mr.Austin'5 L,.Torreyi,, and was, as far as I! anteceded’ the last designation,rorrected by the next"(hot examiner but) compilator..In contrast, there exists another (named by Phil. .Lı minima and only knowm sterile) \form,of which T be- lleve, that it does not belongsto any of the others,also not toL.Yal- diviana = Torreyi,thoueh it does seem to have relation to this.. This L. minima,at least seems to belong to it,exists also inthe western North America; I am just in the process, to go over the revelant nun- bers to the best of my ability.. Again thanking you vor your multiple communications and gifts Your most devoted‘ F.. Hegelmaier (kranslated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989 )) 10 copyright reserved 5 6 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI , BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN .e:) 6 7 8::,.9 Pissaum DIRTANICA GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS 10 copyright reserved lchiieia, 4 & 3 “ % MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN Herelmaier Tübingen; Nov.. 21,1868 Nöst Honored Friend ! I’take the liberty to mailito To eneloscd a copy of the printing with the request for your kind judgement.. The second is for Mr. Austim to whom I’am indebted, and the third’I ask you to give to any of your american compatriots who may use it,who could possible aid the cause in the future in the hope, that he could provide some material. You will best be able to make the selec- tiom. Your Callithriche are still in my hands, will however be sent off before Christmas. I am in the process to prepare a small essay about this subject, in which I have beenvmuch interrupted throuesh other business.. Concernring the Lemnaceae, the californica could deserve fürther observation in the future... As in Chile and Mexico,there will'probably Wiffiella be found in California,either the same or other forms. Your notes,which I have used and your Cuban Lem- nacea (W.Welwitchii c.fl. et'fruto immat®) follow already: now. With most deväted thank, for today in a hurry, Your F. Hegelmaier Ur. GÄrtner made me happy with your greetings from Bellagio.. (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) 8 9) 19 copyright reserved Ab Dr Aaz 27 Jo ee ie Wise et 5 LEBER ® VE BE uU \ As RR zz A u. . a ar Fu MISSOURI:° ) 9::-10 i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Y\ Ne | RE FA? pt Re Mi WR - ae een Se = REF n “ “ ic at {om = 2 a GE a | DPFR IE Z: Br Fr ; 2 7 6 > I Be Du % 0 1 2 3 4::8 6 7 8 9:30 MıssourRı j BOTANICAL cm | | copyright reserved GARDEN Missöurı BoTanıcaL GAREN GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS % % 4 ‚5 MIıSSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN Herelmaier Mibinzen, Jan. 21,1869 Rec. Berlin May 27 Ans. May 30 Most honored Friend ! AsI' imagine, that yout return trip from Italy’will soon take place, it is about time,that I return those items belonging to you,, which are in my hands.. That I am again obliged to you deeplyyyou will see from a smalllessay,which will be completed im final print’in the near future,wherein your items besides several others have beerr used,, as consciencious and well as I was capable;The systematic treatment of this genus remains difficult, but will become the more possible, the more forms one becomes aquainted with by and by.. What you may use in America of copies, Dr. Ascherson will deliver. Complimentary,of course, to this is the prior essay, of which I have left a conside - rable quantity,which is with pleasure at your service,if you have any use for it.. I send simultaneously mexican duckweeds ( the@@erman word trans- lates "water-lenses" E.D.),primarly a mixture of various, which I have identified lately. New of these are only some deviating forms of Wolffia ligulata ,„ mostly smaller than previously described’ and illus- trated; the one designated as-L,valdiviana var.abbreviata is a form,, which is very similar to one received from you from New Mexico (Gal- 1ijo Springs). .Between this and the longish L.valdiviana typito (s.L. Torreyi)exist;on the other hand also many between the abbreviata & the still shorter L. minima_ Phil., as far as one can Judge from ve- setative characteristics. (thi8= sentence is not complete,E?D.) As long as this one does not exist in California and L. minima gets collected in fertile condition, and thereby effects perhaps a dif - ferenee, I do not know, what to do with Ait,, other than to line her Ups 10 copyright reserved Heselmaier Jan. 21,1869 2 _—_ In North America there is promise yet specially in Californizs and the other territories bordering Mexico,may-be also the Southern States for interesting material... I believe to have provided hope for future contributions, as I continue to take all possible steps in other directions,. Aum Low Your Itrip te Europe is probably not so close, that I should wish you already a happy voyage. Thus, in the meantime I greet you with hishest esteem Your most devoted F. Hegelmaier Tubingerr January 21,1869 (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) Den? copyright reserved "AL GARDEN 4 # Ni: IN IN ei 8 9 10 copyright reserved MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN 3.456.758 83 0 BusmeuRı: , BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN MISSOURI: i BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN copyright reserved % MISSOURI:° BOTANICAL GARDEN 2 \L GARDEN % | 1 4 5% ANI: >TI WANN PAPERS f Herelmaier Rec. June 3,Berlin Tubingen June 1,1869 Ans, " 19 This is a fragment of a letter to Dr. G. Engelmanıy, origiual pages 1 and 2?are missing. E.D.. onen... Could perhaps be of use, a5, Gulte generally, I permit my- setf the request,to make use of my possible services concerning the eiving of informtion.. And now I take permission to pronouce a few wishes on my part. |) you wrote to me earlier, that you had seen Callitriche Austini from Bahia. Could you not provide me with a fragment for viewing after you have come home ?°I am supposed to work on the group for the Flora Bra- silehsis,and thoush I’ do not doubt the diagnosis in the least, T should have for this purpose the autograph „ I have not found the plant im question imany collectiomYot even in that of Martinus.In connectiom with researches instigated in Brasil! for the purpose, I received recent- l1y from Rio de Janeiro the Lemnapaucigostata.If you should get in the future, to again examine the latter,,direct your attentior to the wöngs on the vortex of the roots,normally on the sprouts of young,, half-erown plants. These wings are one of the muxk strangest' charac- teristics for the species on which they occur' (perpusilla,paucigosta- ta, ,and angzolensis) and, in addition, a superb characteristic for the group formed by these as against the minor on one side and the forms with a one-nerved sprout on the other.. In connection with the examinatiomof some of your specimens in alcohol from you of L._ minor from St. Louis, TI, finally, found one with flowers; I! took out the ovulum,thus eliminating any possible doubt about the correctness of a north-american minor and that be- lonein®#to the Old World.. 2)Could it not be possible, to obtaima specimen of the beauti- ful Lemnaceae of Wright from Cuba, as I saw them in your collection 7 some time back 3) According to an ad appearing/in the botanical newspaper, Mr. 10 N J IV copyright reserved Herelmaier (Fragment) - 2 - June 1, 1869 Bolander sells plants from California. The price is not quoted theeze; could this not be determined ? I would not mind to buy some, as one could hüöpe, that even in such a collection.which interests me specially,, genera would be properly considered.. 4) Is there not in America a bryologue,who would be inclined to barter ? I have worked on this special area in my leisure hours, pri- marly on my vacations, and own therefor some of this from South Ger- many and Switzerland, etc; I would be rather sure of diagnosis, as TTam able to use the council of the best expert,such as Schimper and Zuwetzke,if, as happens here and there, there are dubious cases.. But now enoush for today. Greetings from your most devoted F. Hegelmaier Tubinren June 1, 1869. (translated from German script by E. Denison, May 1989) 70 93 9 copyright reserved 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Ic E KR BF % ee nn un mn 1 2 3 AB 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL Ä copyright reserved GARDEN a DE: : D \ MIiSSouURI BOTANICAL GARDEN EORGE 7 8 copyright reserved 9 10 MISSOURI:° BOTANICAL GARDEN 4 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Herelmaier Tabingerr June 22,.1969 Rec. Jüne 23, Berlin Ans. Sept.27 Most honored Friend I! Yesterday I gave Es local catalogues from the past and the current semester'- the one for the next one wilYyonly be distributed in 5 - 6 weeks,but will hardly be different fromthe first, to the post. Here still a few remarks in reply to your friendly letter.. If it should come to a visit of Mr. med, ala 1% Tübingen, I’'would - ceterjis paribus - and besides the other regards: possibly important for you - council for a transfer im spring rather than ir falljbecause straneers adjust easily in the summer half year in the beautifullarea,twhereaswintwinter the contrast between metropolis and small city becomes doubly apparent. I will be delishted to make his aquaintance sooner or later here, Too bad, that we are situated 2 hours of railroad travel side- ways from the route between Munich and the Rhein, and have nochope,, to see you here this summer, I! thank you'best for your multiple informatiom MYyvrequests and questions were really calculated primarly for the time after your return to America,. which IT! thousht to be somewhat closer than USTINN >» 2X it is.. Such a one is the one about Callitriche Bechtini from Bakuyz the related note is in a letter from you,dated January 31, 1865 - It must have been one of the first collections, which you looked throueh,and you wrote them: ra, Aust, I have seen from New York: no Spalte ED: 8 = --- an and Brazil!i(Bahia Salzmann) mixed with Micranthemum orbiculatumt * Of your Wrishtiacis I ask you urgently,not to dispose of any. I’ thought, that the collector may have made his collections in dupli- cates and could be moved to let go of individuals throush purchase or exchange As things stand now,it must be firmly expected, that ö y copyright reserved Hezrelmaier June 22,1869 .2 the prior tests will be ended in not too distant time with the tearing away of the island. - I am well aquainted with the name and residence of your north-american nestor of er and this is in everybody's mouth%s I thought, that, may=be,somewhat younger genera tions would be found) to which belongs,also Yau® according to your news, Mr. Bolander.. Simultaneously with your letter I received one from Rio de Janeiro with much mixed Asolla, a Wolffia,which is very interesting to me, because I cannot, despite all efforts, distinguish it from our W. arrhiza. It has not a trace of pismentation. May I further ask you, to tell!prof. Braun ‚besides a recon- mendation for me, - I shall write to him myself quite soon -,that Mr. A.Ernst in Caracas sent a letter with some of Wolffia Welwit=ii' schii,which he found there new,and which will! hopefully’spread from there.. The news is, that he will!send to me in the next weeks in & case a bottle with this plant in spirits to the Berlin botanical Garden, This news is very glad for me. I had mailed a little sample of the plant to Ernstjas it had been collected already arten ir that area. For today I zereet you heartily, Your F. Hegelmaier Tlbineen June 22,1869 (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989) Ben & le Be, a en R 442 52. iR ’ Be RER N up © Er a 3 3 =, 29 ER AR ne TE Re 2 r 1% E a 5 FR hr a £ FR ne EE Y% We Se k E ee R Do ee N ra ER Zul En Me u - - _— am I Mm nennen Fre iz - 1:2 3..4.°75.6.770:98,9 08 yMissouss ä BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN RREG LEE ET 1 1% FZrr 3 “ FI ws hrers ad, ; q 1 —7F- x - er er - [4 10 MISSOURI: BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN MISSOURI: s BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN MISSOUR! BOTANICAL GARDEN GEORGE EngELMAND PAR&dS % MıssoUuRI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN Hegzelmaier Tübineen; June 26,.1870 Rec. July 15, 1870 ans. Aug. 17 - Most Hönored Friend I! Receive my best thanks for the recent shipment,about which you may perhaps express an opiniom but this is not so easyybecause the two in the related number (Florida lac.Canby) offer by them- selves and with the Lemnae Mxed with Azollä,, each by itself a little problem. - The one, larger one,fewer present formysbelongs to the 3-merous and probably sterile,anyway with atropic seeds, L.zroup of perpusilla. To me it seems probable, that theyvare to be designa-- ted as perpusilla rather than E.paucifostata,, and that on account! of several'vegetative marks, primarly’'the conditionvof the wines or the root-disks,which, thoush present,are nevertheless very smalll, as T always found for L.perpusilla,whereas the other broader fits en- tirely according to the rul&, But I' do not want to base an apodictic (i.e. "finite" E.D.) diagnosis upon this nor other vegetative points, and it would be of special interest to me,to get a point of reference,. speciallYy from that territory,. from which I’ do not know with certain- ty neither the one nor the other of the questionable species.. The other,also sterile,.belongs into the exclusivly american,. from the United States to Patagonria spreading, group of forms with = 1-merous sprout! The members of this group are very manyyand I re- ceived just during the last yearran entire series for studyyhowever all of them are knownronly as sterile with exception'of the valdi - vlana, ‚the fruiting form of which I am endebted to the Hon. Austim. I have forms as the present one (ä very similar one I received once from you from the Unionrterritory from New Mexico), since then desi=- nated in my and foreiesn collections as L. (taldiviana var.?)abbreviata,. because they are much shorter and relatively broader than the typical), and thoush one may meet with forms,with whom one is in doubt,.if they belong-entirely to the latter or to abbreviata,,and, as on the other 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier- Jüne 26, 1870 2 hand there are forms,which seem to construct a firmyconti- nous line between the abbreyata and the shortest and smallest form: minima Philippi,.and as far as can be judged'after examination of the process of vegetation.. Yöu certainly must believe me,,that I recoyce every time I vice to him (verbatim: :"earn credits for him" E.D.).. Such an indus- trious and exemplary studious-young mam can introduce himself‘ eve- ry place,where it may be desirable,,and needs no recommendatiorin the least, .,he, who arrived from abroadiand becomes an immediate price- winner" (this is a fairly free translation of an involved compliment,, E.D.). I'was, however, especially elad$3to be able to congratulate him to his last suecess. I hope, that he will not look at his semesters here as lost ones. If these come to termination with the current one, seems not to be definitively decidel I, myself,cannot council for a continuation, because we deal with a winter semester, when it is dull here. During the last Easter vacationn I spent several weeks in Lon- dom and made occasionaly some studies in the AX, collections. Some of this I can employ’in the near future in the Flora Brasil. I do not have important findings in the latter field,;only small! specialities, which" I took over for this jobs besides this, an num- ber of items arrived, but have not been developed nor completed. A small theme, however, which I mailed to you several weeks back, will be in your hands shortly. Greetinge you with hishest esteemy Your most devoted F. Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E. Denison, April 1989) 3 Ar . nme nn nassen ann nme men nes , . . Br ‘ 7 8 9 MIıSSOURI:° . BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKRDEN MISSOURI: ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN .NICAL GARNEN BA ISSOURI AA M . GEORGE ENGELMANN. PAPERS MISSOURI: . BOTANICAL copyright reserved Chan 9 10 MISSOURI: BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN * te German " Fanıschlagung” Car mean anytgiag, Walz wen wrong. ED" Hegelmaier Tubingen’Sept. 3, 1870 Rec.. Sept. 24, 1870 Ans. Oct. 26, 1871 Möst Honored Friend ! I’ came yesterday into possession of your letter of Aum 17 and its most interesting enclosure (it seems to be of the first or- der) ; I hurry, to thank you for bothk. I!am very glad, to hear a few: words from youvmafter your som has left Tibingen since two weeks, as you will have heard from him directly,and, according to news from there, has moved to Kreuznach, the seat of a military hospitall,. As to the Spirodela ‚it is highly welcome, because it is not entirely new to me, but the present see d& will serve me welll.About 6 days ago came a letter, dated Aug. 12 from Mr. Leggettt from"Funcha (??? E.D.),containing a number of flowering-fronds;but only 2 Or 3 fruit,which can be examined. The smallness of the plantles is either entirely accidentallor, more likely, is connected’ to their fertility.. Negative is, that there is no difference to be found from our poly'- rrhiza. However, the most striking is not only - as Mr.Leggett al - ready stated in the letter -— that the fruits are one-seeded,but also, -— I found this without exception on a number of flowers -— that the to ovary 1s unl-ovulate, it'’ttrends in its anatropism(the very similar ovulum of gibba, the seed though positions itself ((as with gibba, x when through a miss it becomes one-seeded) through shrinking of the hilum and partum (??? E.D.) almost to the length-diameter of the fruit,where it wemes to lie as in minor..As the proofs for kke our polyrrhiza definitely come out for two, and as an observer as con- scientious as Griffith has given a harmonizing’picture, it seems toc must_be considered me already for that reason, that the form fromNew YorkYat least as a new sub-species,;, if not species,even if other differences in the sphere of fruit formation sgould not exist,for which I cannot judge we as I have ssen the old-world form only sterile. Equallyyer are na- turally not capable to decide,if (/which is not at all! probable)‘ IV copyright reserved Hegelmaierr Sent. 3, 18707 2 mu. 22 Spirodela polyrrhiza of the new world,if they were fertile,would produce only one ovule,and, thus, belong"to the present form.. All that I wrote day before yesterday to Mr.. Lesgett, with the remark,, that he would have to produce first a name for the novelty, or it could be dedicated to him further with the request, he should’ let me have some materiallwith seeds in a or at least several seed bearing, dried fronds „ because it would be of great interest,, to examine the seeds more accuratelyyand for this the supplyvwas in- sufficient.. | There is generally quite a problem wäth the seedbud number of thesexplants::I know since my visit to Löndorr a Lemna, of all! places from New Holland (Australia, E.D.),which vegetatively is very similar to minor ( also existing in New Holland),but has 2 ovules hemianatr@epous,. t may form \.e,|i a comeeting link to zibba,.. You ask about the method for determining the venation.The process is as follows:: After softening the fronds first in hot water,they are being bleached in alcohol in a covered porcelain dish,which goes the fastest,if one brines them still warminto alcohol absolutus, but common spirits will do. If it is desired to use later etching potassium then the alcohol must be eliminated first throush washing. In some cases ıt Is useful to mix er potassium with a lisht-blue color through a mixture of glycerimand chlorzinkljor (whatever that is, E.D.)}Chlor - zinkjor alone is mostly too dark blue,for which application the pota- ssium must first be washed out again.. Specially’the bleaching with al- cohollhas an excellent influence, and has the additional! value,that it eives the soft plant parts a certain hardness, so that they can be cut well; as they cannot be cut without this.. Throush such expedients (al- coholi, ,potassium,elycerin, ‚chlorzink... )\one can prepare parts of dried plants for the recogenitiorm of delicate morphological and even’ develop- mental conditions.. You will see after the bleaching also the little Heselmaier Sept. 3,,1278 3 starlets of'the Call. austini and related forms, of course, they are not numerous and will have mostly a star of 4 or 8 cells,without difficulty, further stomata on plants, which had been dried. Büt enough" ? I write under the influence of the capture of Napoleom yesterday and the army of MacMahon. The news arrived just now, and thue-my hurry.. Six weeks ago I would not have believed, that I would apaingrab my bandage case,and yet, it has come to that now, as I an twice daily active in a reserve-hospital for wounded‘ for several hours.. A short theme in the botanical newspaper you may perhaps reteive by mail with this lettem. Heartily greets you Your F. Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E.Derison, April 1989 )‘ S ns : ; f & 2. ”S En Mani 15 187, Er „A 1 ee FAR >. 2 % Zu El 877, - I 5 I m a ID ID nf RN R k : [SS ie ag IN NR | u. a © » —R ES & Ton ei u ER RSS 2 SS 8 N, ER, u. un N . Ba on 2% nn cn _ "RX ? MISSOURI° BOTANICAL GARDEN copyright reserved % , Ns iR ne. SQ 2 u & er en wi S m % Re Sugar 6 a | BOTANICAL copyright reserved AR DEN 10 copyright reserved MISSOURI: BOTANICAL GARDEN un are IR .. mu Be ER N En nn +’ NE 9 1. Su x Rn er © Tau Et er x a EN er Mei —n »_ ——— Si nn ik y a 2 E B Pr I = vr . IQ “ ! x —— Ri x ” Bu > N a IN ES Ring a, —_ N mn ii < u > T——n en ir x u N I x » ® - N Ü N a N I Ve, I, N an © EN N m Rx > .. \ N IDEE DE N ; . “ dr re > % nn“ Mr ee BE Er h i he a na AR; er? Dun 8 N { R vw a ’ ae —_ Nr a u en Mr & N NN n ? h We, Be PENEN ii, EZ ee AED a. 9 N h RN , N INK RL , —— %“ N . x m — IN “ un ER i N \ »- N RS > Des . N IS N Ye = sn, , un he @ I ie ie ne N. Pr NN Ge SS “ ie % RS I, FU ng Q» “x » Ri “ h ee N \ nr N i a N ie X R 3 ’ & ni x N As vs = Ta N r es \ \ Wie _ EN zn a : .n 3 x NS ge N % N on Ee - N Sn IN . N w- N : N a E Ir un. ann = . ya << Di 5 INS Pr Terg 1.6 RR EG FR 4 N A; e mr en a | { * N h N = | ur [or u: — en nr Dun am , Wie | un R ; F u N ‘ us ri . > Pe > oe A SEN en N VosameR' Fi ‚ . I ‚aa _u tn x Wen —® S Q\ ORSE Er | a‘ N « r r \ . ; nt N RN a 1 % 8 ) 10 MISSOURI . BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Hegelmaier: iuıngen, Beb. 21 , 1971 Rec. Ars, 00t,.25 Möst Honored Friend Your so often proven willingnes, permits me today to dare to make a requesttfor materiallfor a little study,„which’ does in- terest me muchlito make in the furure. I would like to make some developmental!studies of Azollas first the developmental pro- cesses= in the vertex of the stem (with the development of the strange leaves, the branches, etc)! For Salvinia we have in this rersard a nice essay from Prinesheimbut of Azolla one knows, as far as I’know, nothing. For this I would need to get Azolla in alcohol\ Don't you have an aquaintance in an area, in which A.caroliniana exists ? Sterile plants would workk I do not know, if A.produces spore cCap- sules frequently in North-america; Should there be material, which would permit‘ information about its development,;this would be the /‚' Beton, as said, that is not my most urgent wish.. Considering the minuteness of the plant a small! bottle would suffice. I am not in a hurry and would be entirely content to get to the matter du- ring the winter 1871/72 Or 1872/73.During summer there is always enough alive material to be examinedi Azolla is stated by AlGrey for (the state) New York, but if it exists in New York itself, I do not know. Otherwise I could have turned’to a rentleman there under the cireumstances. I received this winter from such a man freshly obtained’material of Lemna Torreyi, unpressed in conserved’ condi- tiom it had grown under water, ,and, in consequence of this I find very manyvsprouts- of: winter associated’ strength,hollow holes as the Hiber-- namela (?? E.D.) of Spirodela, and as it occurs similarly with Lemne gibba, overwintering sprouts,..with wich" I have since become aquaintedt. What the meaning of this matter for Li Töorreyi realy is, is not clear to me (The translation of the last few lines may be correct or not,, th&e text is harly lerible. E.D.)) Hegelmaier Feb. 21,1871 . 9:9: —- possiblyv as several items do not seem to fit,that it would be waxkhke® of the Hamed No. 2. Some american about the matter I! could probably publish sooner or later in connection with a future essay about the ame- rican Lemnae,which IT consider a specifically american geroupyand which until now all exist in sterile state with exception of L. Torreyi‘’ (taldiviana),so that a separation of the forms will be difficult* and perhaps only dubious. Materialifrom North, Central and South America, and, I mean, the truly examined material,I possess in rather rich mea- sure About the seeds and Zx organs of Spirodela I have al- —— most finished an essay,which throush' compilation of varidus matters became somewhat farreaching.and which I may be able to send to you im the not too distant future. I have not heard anythine from your son”since I! mailed him his price medalland received news of his arrival. T surmise thus, that he is well. Concerning Azollo, I consider as certain the abAllityto execute my wish. If you could however do. asnethine oe much trouble, It would be a pleasure for me and I would be heartily obliged to you: | Your most devoted F, Hegelmaier Tf{binzen Feb. 21,1871 (translated from German scipt by E.Denison, April 1989) | U 8 | 9 10 MIıSSOURI > nA EN BOTANICAL copyright reserved Birn:s ee Ban [u A GA Be nt FR mr IR 7% a AH— —/ a ERS NR \ MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Missourt | GEORGE E % ) 10 MISSOURI f BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄRDEN ee U I ae +. ES, u a ER N OR 2 : he = S: ea > 7 urn gg | ee +? uRt BOTANICAL GARDFN GE ENGELMANN PAPERE III: Fe ae er u en u " u 7 8 9:49 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN MISSOURI: i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN 7 Hegelpaier Tubingem Jam.18,, 1872 Rec.. Feb. 9 Ans. Apr.19 Most admired Friend, Your letter came to me in November of last year and is still in the hands: of Höochstetter,to whom it transferred it on account of l its contents, but I know them sufficiently by hearti,to be able to answer.. I thank you much for the various enclosures,and, according to your wishes,I have given one half of the spindles to Prof.Braun.. I would not know what to add to you remarks about them. Your easterm Arceuthobium seems to be a most interesting plant.. During my last meeting with Hochstetter he told nee he could serve you with diverse items,and that he would send some himself soom If this has happened in the meantime, I do not know.. The collection of conifers in the local botanical garden is not re- ally bad, but there are almost only newkily planted,,therefor Joun and still sterile a I’am really now involved in merpketorical-histiological stu' - dies of our Lycopodia „ a very difficult genus in this connectiom, because the growth processes are much more difficult to examine om account of the condition of the tissue than with other vascular eryptogames. The matter will!, I expect, take still several months,, without being able beforehand to envisiom what positive results may result. The still unknown processes of reproductiorm of these plants will be almost impossible to penetrate,.and I have not made so far any attempts in that direction... An inch lone, or even shorter, stem section with leaves (dried) could be of much value to me sometime. But, I do not know, if you have it. What concerns Azolla: (Salvinia- ceae, E.D.) , I believe that living, fertile specimens would make a big (verbatim "fat") bite for a europaean morphologist; he would need incomparable material for an examination,for which I! too would Hegzelmaier an.18,1072 2 not be averse; but, as you know,,my wishes are so far modest ones. .I fear, that the plant, which is sterile with you, does not exist any more after"its habitat has been dried out,. and that thus, I cannot get it from you any more,. May-be I will be successful in Melbourne,where I write for Azolla pienata (?? E.D.) (which belongs into another section than caroliniana ). I do not like to let go of such a small project once I have got it into my head.. annonnced You write, that you did nor recßeive the /theme about Lemnae; of course, because it does not exist yet. But I will return to this sub. Ject without fail’as soon as the nearest-lying has been pushed off.. For the cause itself it will only be of advantage, if it restsa little while, as from time to time contributions arrive, which can be evaluated „ Thus I found recently a striking form'from Brazil (beloneing to abbreviata)with a few flowers,, the only ones so far besides the flowering Lemna Torryi; fruits I do not find..I will: have to write once more about this family, already because the geographical material has become much richer in the meantime,.and which must be combined from notations collected so far. Recently came also fi - nally a Lemna from Buenos Aires, and most suprisingly gibba, with the remark by the sender, Prof. Burmeister, that this was the only form found in the lowlands there,. which may be questioned, The pre- sence of flowers and half-ripe fruits with 3 - 4 embryoric seeds finally determine the identity of the americarr gibba with the euro- paeanrentirely.. -— Strange is also a Lemna, discovered quite some time Q_— back by S. Kurz in in East Asia, and, according to his message,quite rare there and since unknownr (Lemna Kurz}..T' sacrificed a few of the few received frondes: for examinatiom,and it seems, that finally a Trisulca_ kind of joining linkiW betweemour so similar t ’ +47) and GTDEer SDRECIER, THE „„...ucusseone -BEB nischen 1» Derved, without Hegelmaier Jan. 18,1972 a 3 _ stomata, but with entire walls; edge entirely ‚Serıle.... It is strange, that all these connecting members with their impor- f} tant forms ,„ as also the le oligorrhiza retreated to the far Southeast. Be heartily greeted, Tour F.Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1989) | * _ 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI £ BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKRDEN ee ._- 2 GH“ EEE, Ar Ba F GE Eigen Ar Sr * BR en wi | u 2 MISSOURI° : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN ge “ SITIN DO AED wa 2 28 rs a = MISSOURI: 8 9.::48 BOTANICAL copyright reserved GKÄRaDEN er | Pre IH RE TE ERDESIRE ‚ | RE er 7 un nn urn AL un Gh Ga me neh A _ 4 wir u i e 8 9 10 MISSOURI: x BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN % MISSOURI: ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Hochstetter Tabingerm Febr.. 22,1872 Rec. March 18 Ans.,.April 19 Most Honored Sir Doctor ! Professor Hegelmaier told me recently to arrange an exchange of a collection of conifers. In the appendix you willfind an Index, and I’doubt, that there is anything, which you can use. But I am ready with pleasure to send you my entire collectiom as I have manyrduplicates of all of them. The collection is omboards as per enclosed photograph,, and offers much teaching material for the better knowledge of the Co- nifers as the cones are with the branches.. As the study of Conifers is my hobby horse, and I’prepared’ the collections for institutions of learning, I would be very much obliged,. if you would assist my efforts throush completion"of my collectiom. It would be especially desirable to obtalirrof each Pinus species fine,, leaf-branches,each in 12 - 15 specimens, fullyvmature cones, each 25 - 30 with tishtly closed cones ( which do not open) 'Would it be withim your abaility and possibility to achieve such a shipment 7% I’ take the liberty to recommend the following list of deside- rata to your kind consideration:: PINUS° pungens Michx elabra Sabiniana Dougl. eontorta Dourl. australis Michx Coulteri Don. vesinosa Sol. Taeda B tuberculata Don muricata Dom rigida Mill radiata Don Fremontiana Endl. insigenis Dougl brachyfera Wisliz Alliottii Engeln. ponderosa Dougl. Engelmanni Carr Zeffreyi Murr montiola Dougl Lambertiana Dougl' If you would be able to provide all american Pinus,where so much darkness still exists,this would be a big service to Science,the more as I intend to prepare a second improved editiorof my Synopsis Coniferumin order to correct many mistakes.. In the hope, that you will be able to fulfill'’my very extensive wishes I’am prepared to take on any counter- service with pleasure. With hishest esteem most devoted W. Hochstetterr Royal University Gardener 10 copyright reserved (translated from German script by E. Derison, March 1989) 1 8 5 :48 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL copyright reserved Eiern Am) nun eh ae Ad A Haie Ar ana a Ka nn Er Man er w 10 MISSOURI: i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ) 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL | copyright reserved GARDEN ‚rc AZ u ER a SEE HAB — La ner ER : 250% .% ei ZEIT Atem ee I en MO Ga Re A a N a ER 6 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI 4 BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN 3 4 5 6 y GARnEN MissouR! BOTANICAL GA u ve InL AP! a GEORGE ENGELMANN PArEsn 7 8 9..-30 copyright reserved % MISSOURI BOTANICAL Rec. March 29 Tıfbingen, March 6,1876 Ans. P.O, Aprilld,Letter May 21 Möst honored Fra, You have done for me already so many kindnesses,that I should hardly dare, to approach you with another question or request for your kindness..Do you have perhaps entirely ripe, with possibly ir ee .. dissolving fruits of Erigenia bulbosa in your herba- rium ? If th s is the case, may I ask you,to send a a tewi 207993) of such fruits 7 I’'am working on a comparative embryolorical investigation of the kinds of development of pseudo-monocotyledorm sprouts of our Carum Bulbrichteum (???? E.D.),bringing several other Umbelliferae into comparison,and thus came to the above-named plant. I have of this specimens from the area of St.Louis,with fruits, .which,which are excellentliy developed for the recognition of the systematic charac- ters,.but are not ripe enough for my present purposes..Embryos of Umbellatae reach their development in part, as it seems, unbelie- vably late, only in the overripe fruit,where the endosperms form already an ovopartes (?? E.D.) and firm tissue... If you should not possess fruits, which’ fulfill! the above conditions concerning the status of maturity, I ask you, not to send them to me, I hope, to let you hear from me in the not too distant fu- ture. Your Eepino cactı did grow on well!and the Arfatopioc are ae forgottem,; These and much elsawill’ get attention in due order. Bo- tany is now, more than ever,.a matter proven to a major part, and is being studied by work processes boring and very uniformythough of- feringz to the person applying himself constantly something new.. which’ I sent to. your Georgä The little /of dissertation; which appeared her since his return, is, ım fact, all, that Nas eoMe to the light since.. The request for doctor diplomas has thus been weak! during the last years;: But I did 10 copyright reserved Hegelmaier March 6, 1876 page 27 promise to deliver all!lthat will be produced..If he would look“ now agaim at Elbingemhe would see much changed,considering thekasy and ‚Apedr.. swabian situations;z the medical faculty has been re- newed by one half;garrison and "one-yearlings" (see explanatiom be- low,E.D.) ! And in my om environment and family some things have changed. Now, please do not hold my request against me,regardless if you can or cannot fulfillithe same. With hearty greetings, Your F. Hegelmaier "tone-yearlinegs" or "one-year-ones" are students from"schools of higher education, (Gymnasium or Realgymnasium), who at age 14 to 15 passed a physical and mental examination, which entitles them to serve only one year in the armed forces (instead of 3), and who have the right to choose their army affiliation. The full German term is"Einjährig Freiwilliger... ED: lated (transgrkket from'roman script German by Edsar Denison, March 1989)) 8 .@ copyright reserved Da Aus An he air Dorn KR A ya Mar wrAtt zer rg ı\ I 10 MISSOURI: : BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN Km kPa er a; AL An Ip u de, vemadre Seen Mengen, mn dt mt Anett DE ar MISSOURI:° BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄAÄRDEN ae “i BoTAnIcAL ER - ENGELMANN PAPEI Migsourl GEORGE MISSOURI e BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN 7 8 9. -10 copyright reserved “az SEN > = f % MISSOURI:° BOTANICAL GARDEN Herelmaier Tubingen July 12,1876# Ree..„suly »1 Ans. Feb.10,1878 #* the 6 could just as well be an BE??E.D. Most Honored Friend I’should have thanked you weeks ago for the happily recei- ved’ Eriginea fruits ‚„who'se procurement‘brougsht you some trouble. The examination, made shortly after receipt,resulted however im remarkable results, not quite, as I had imagined a priori (in to- to that is as a pseudomonorotil formation of the embryogsimilar as wit \Y% Belbriastanum} but almost even stranger.. E ven the ripest of the fruits(that is ,„ those most likely gathered’ from the geround)) show the embryo undeveloped in the highest degree,omly past the first stages of the proembryo - formatiorr progeressed,and for ‚ovopartes that reason. not to be found without difficulty in the}jtissue for- mingz endosperm, and only in the minority of the sseds. There are formations of this kind:: see drawings on original letter The following development must be passed through after the self-sowing of the seeds.. Similar things occur with different phanerogames,specially certaim Lo ‚but of Umbeliferae one does not know them I hope to get a small series of such embryornic studies ready for pub- seatiomrs fol Will Georg believe, that we have this summer over 6,000 stu- dents (of course,not specially many in medicine,more in Law and Theology) Jand that next year the university will’ celebrate its NW00th anniversary, and firures on a large increase ?’Later, the reaction will probably not failı Fot his friendly lines my best thanks. All are welll and send their greetings. As always in grate- fulidevoteness, Your F. Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E . Denison, April 1989)) RI Ar 22 78 I, . a > 11. WAarÄAS>. Er ELLE /KXD AH EB E80 Yrantenter frech DR an Aal rn AUAer | MAL ir Mrs ec Zr Ureelurpe ORT /v: 2 N: In, PR Del hr % LI-NAÄL Pl hey EI MA 2 Me chrarte _ E Ä (IR I eure Ah te Ha £i EP 17 ‚Er Be | & Leer , 79 LgatuA Ad A, Ark Ft dr by Ge Be FR RER er | wı 2% 2A A ir dheter Ar? LauNMtr N = / 5 en x = ekr eb e ee a Le F. as br ler er Rz ; Atome, a In Eu Kerer 2. IBOPEN eh FAR Dar Zr a a Fer 7 Nee Al ud B | a v2 a > EURE ph a Wu rat at ee zn re ve vr | 8 - 10 MISSOURI ‚ BOTANICAL copyright reserved GAÄRDEN rer x : sn m“ Sarrler Ben Kurzer Hape 40 a a DR, | ee ee 7 . pr E = P % 9 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN un | - ı #3 } : Pe PESDEN 7 2 aan Lar - m 7 > z A ı Ast ar ser Arte» aa vorke 10 MIıSSOURI f BOTANICAL copyright reserved CGÄRDEN 2277 u BOTANICAL GARDEN ii ENGEMMANN PABERS * 4,5: 686. 7.850. W Mıssourı R BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN Rec,. April 2 Tubingem, "arch 11,1878 Ans. Peb.12,1880 Apr.11,1880 Most Honored Friend I am since several weeks in possesion of your communications of the 10th of the preeeding month, for which I thank most devotedly,. as well as for the letter with enclosures and the printed matter. I do not understand however, how you could think to be owine to me, rather, I did not let hear of myself for alone time, as my efforts I am just now occupied,to prepare the illustrations for a series of embryological examinations, which you will receive during next fall „, if the publication takes place.. It is generally knowm, that the deve- lopment of the..embryo has progressed very little by the time of seed maturatiom, and starts again only later. With a few varieties there exists a mature embryo. First from only a few cells, in other cases it develops at least into the cotyledon,in seeds, that have fallen,, or during germinatiomit is not quite apparent, as happens somewhat similarly with your Erizenia. -- You sent me two samples of Lemnaceae,. The one contains the frequently’found forms from there,specially much Wolffia eladiata ; That from Florida (Gainesville Nov. 177) is of inte- rest for the Flora of the Unit&d States,because it too contains Wolffia gladiata,, wnieh, up to now,was only known from the environ- ment of Mexico City (much,, you will be able to see the green,narrow bands without dissecting with the bare eye);.besides however Lemna polyrrhiza,valdiviana and minor,..Pigmentation of the epidermis is entirely with the Wolffia of the latter kind,otherwise it is w&XYxskrensky identical with that from Mexico.. If, in any future, you get the time to deal with your treasures,. I would be most oblized for a friendly consideration.. Herelmaier March 11,182978 pare 2° Braun's unexpected passine away 11 months ago,did deeply shock me. He experienced in his last years of his life some malicious attacks and detractions, but he also did not miss fine appreciation recentlys He will not be replaced in Berlin by both successors,who it becomes ever more difficult to find scholars of such universal character.. Please greet Georg from me; with him one can always maintaim the hope, that he will arrive in Europe some day. Again, thanking most IE haertilyy Your devoted F. Hegelmaier (translated from German script by E „ Denison, March 1989) | - RER 10 MıSsoUuRI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GÄRDEN MISSOURI ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved CÄRDEN 10 MIıSSOURI: ’ BOTANICAL copyright reserved CKÄRDEN UM | 1 | | I MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN “Missouri BOTANICAL = GEORGE ENGELMAUD FAR 10 MISSOURI:° i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN f Tübingen; Nov. 1,.1880' Most Honored Friend I’ probauly gave already notide to you about tie receipi. of your shipments.The dissertation about_Pinus‘ gave me the opportunity of a rather extensive reference in one of our forestryy publications,, which should be printed riecht away unless this has not been done al- readysActuaily I appraoch you today with tne request of a smalll nove,. which you may be able to provide without much trouble, You,surely, know the Mr. Eegert,who lives there or has lived thnere,from who«: TI obtained in the recent years aii kinds of nice plants of the Missou- ri Flora - as it seems, properly identified. He offered me last spring a collection. of 400 Oregon plants,who'se catalog was promised by,Gätes,, at a relatively low price... I answered him tnen,that I wanted to aquire these plants,if they would meet normal standards of herbarium speci- mens in relation to instructive conditions, ,‚which I would leave to his judgement. Since then, I have no communication in this matter.Eagert does not Let hear of himand, may-be, he moved from St. Louis. I would like to know, if this collectiorr was taken along or not,.Eilther would be all risht; in one case I could wait for shipment until the occasoin offers itself; in the other case I could consider to think certainly; of another acquisitiom But, I should have news.. But, Incase Eggert should still be there, I would ask you,to motivate himto a related notification..Should I addkess this letter to him in persom, it may, in view of tne above possibilities, not reach him at all, and I would remain in the dark Kor an ıindefinite time.. In any case, I ask your pardon, to have burdenead you witn this personal matteryana permit mysel& to express the hope, , täaat tne al; ' G CHAR wounds, wnich the last years mi#+ you, continue to heal,and remain witn" friendly greetings to your son, Your devoted F,.Hege@lmaier e F. Hegelmaier NoY. 1, 1880 page 2 Please tell Georke that I am well; Ernst startes with this se- mester to study jurisprudence; Th@kla has recently been brousht back from a French pensıiom. (translated from German script by E. Denison, March 1909) 7 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI . | BOTANICAIL copyright reserved GARDEN