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TRANS. OP THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE.

Topaz in Utah, By Henry Engelmann.

During my explorations in Utah as Geologist of the Expe-
dition under Capt. J. H. Simpson, Top. Eng’rs. U. S. A., in
1858 and 1859, 1 observed some remarkably beautiful crys-
tals of Topaz among some detritus of trachytic porphyry.
They were perfectly colorless, transparent, sharply devel-
oped, and of great lustre. They were all short columnar.
The largest of them measured scarcely one third of an inch
in the direction of the basal cleavage, which was highly per-
fect. I observed ten modifications : all crystals exhibited
according to Prof. Rose’s designation)

00 C

2 c
2 c
2 c

2 a

oo b

oo c : b : a ,

4 c : b : oo a ,
most of them also
a few only 2 c : cob : a , and (?) c : b : a .

As in none of the crystals were both ends developed, I
could not ascertain whether they were hemihedral, as is most
common with topaz. The hardness of the mineral is =8. It
is infusible before the blowpipe ; and when strongly heat ed
is coated with small blisters, but does not show any change
of color. It exhibits the reactions of fluorine, alumina, and
silex. Ho .tests were made, f or o t her .^ le we re the ,

flrystais-examiTmdTrr^ pbtarfzl-"'

tion of light. They exhibit double refraction quit! plainly. ‘

The locality of the mineral is near lat. 89° 40', long. 113°
30' west of Greenwich, west of south of Salt Lake, in Thom-
as’ range of mountains, on Capt. Simpson’s return trail. Cir-
cumstances prevented me from obtaining more than a few
crystals, which are now deposited in the collection of the
Smithsonian Institute ; a few others are also in the hands of
members of the party. We were travelling at the time by
forced night marches with nearly worn out animals, seeking
to gain a spring of water in a distant range of mountains.
This desert was then entirely unexplored. I have but little
doubt that more interesting materials are to be found at the
same point. .

The mountains of the former Territory of Utah promise a
rich yield to the mineralogist. We know already of gold and
silver ores in the east, west and south part of that district;
of copper and lead ores in the south, and I have discovered
the latter also in the centre of it; of specular iron ores and
native sulphur in the Rocky^ Mountains and near Little Salt
Lake ; of rock salt in the mountains south-east of Utah Lake;
of native alum near Salt Lake; of various other salts in the
deserts ; and of silicates, composing the granites, porphyries,
diorites, trachytes, and lavas, nearly over the whole area.

SHUMARD — NEW PALAEOZOIC FOSSILS. 113

Eljeacrinus Kirkwoodensis, n. sp.

Body very small, subglobose, a little longer than wide, flat-
tened above and below. Basal pieces very gently concave,
with their edges on a level with the plane of the under side.
Radial pieces (fork pieces) reaching to the base and occupy-
ing more than four fifths the entire length of the body, narrow
.. t below and widest in the middle, sides gently arched. Interra-
dial pieces subdeltoid, very prominent towards the apex, much
longer than wide, obtusely angulated below, acutely angulated
above, and notched on either side a short distance below the,
summit. Pseudo-ambulacral areas extending from base to
summit, narrow, deeply impressed; sides nearly parallel; pore
pieces amounting to about fifty in each field. A longitudinal
fissure dr slit extends from the central summit opening down-
wards, separating the pore pieces of one side from their fel-
lows of the opposite for the distance of about one fifth the
length of the field, thence their inner edges are united in the
median line to the base. Pseudo-ambulacral spaces lanceo-
late, sloping gently from their edges to the sutures. Ovarial
apertures eight, very minute, situated at the notches of the
interradial plates. Anal opening large, circular or very slight-
ly elliptical. The surface markings are not plainly exhibited
in any of the specimens I have collected of this species. On
several of them I observe, more or less distinctly, irregular
coarse rugae or pittings, which, however, may be due to weath-
./ ering.

Dimensions . — Length, 0.20 of an inch; width, 0.18.

The Dlmacrinus KirJcwoodensis is nearly allied to JE.

( Pentremites ) melo, from which it is distinguished by its
much smaller size and less deeply excavated base. It also
occupies a higher geological position.

Occurs in the St. Louis Limestone (Carboniferous) on the
Pacific railroad near Kirkwood, St. Louis county, Missouri.

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116

TRANS. OF. THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE.

IV. Direction of Winds and number of Thunderstorms in ? 6J & 5 62.

1861 .

January

February ...

March

April

May

June

July

August

September.,
October —
November..
December .

N.

N.E.

s.w.

N.W.

s.

w. 1

S.E.

11

3

12

22

38

18

28

61

4

2

2

35

24

19

41

60

12

11

10

23

30

19

42

40

16

10

9

26

21

35

34

26

26

10

23

21

8

13

49

35

12

21

22

20

25

26

8

41

3

31

14

21

26

•46

15

29

18

24

58

17

11

18

3

37

6

14

18

26

30

13

21

52

12

9

5

21

30

33

30

46

7

15

8

22

27

20

36

44

9

19

, 9

25

23

33

17

51

136

169

100

279 293

293 ! 324 522

S.E.

S.E

W. & S.E.

s. & w....

W. & S.E.
S.E

Posi

tive

Negative

No Electricity,

H tet

Positive

Electricity.

Elect:

ricity.

or

0.

ricity.

1861. |

1862.

1861.

1862.

1861.

1862.

1861.

1862.

Jan

179

179

3

5

2

40°

40° '

Feb

162

166

6

2

34

33

March ...

168

179

15

8

30

48

April ....

157

157

12

22

1

1

33

52

May

171

180

17

5

1

3

25

32

June —

162

143

5

2

8

20

16

21

July.

183

153

3

8

1

24

14

11

August..

176

143

5

4

6

40

15

19

Sept

169

117

1

1

10

61

18

23

Oct

162

143

4

3

20

41

33

35

Nov

172

157

2

7

6

16

42

42

Dec

175

166

5

0

6

17

37

35

2046

1883

78

67

59

| 225

42°

52*

9m

\K

\r

V

I

^ /r S-

ENUS — AT]V. . xxER. ^ECTBICITY.

Additional Remarks on Atmospheric Electricity.

By A. Wislizenus, M.D.

The delay in the publication of this volume enables me to
add to my observations of atmospheric electricity in 1861,
the result of my observations in 1862. The latter observa-
tions have been made in the same manner and by means of
the same fine glass thread, which, after many thousand tor-
sions, proves as good as ever. I present herewith in tabular
form the general result of my observations in 1861 and 1862.

I. Monthly mean of Positive Atmospheric Electricity in 1861 and
1862, at St. Louis, Mo., based upon daily observations at 6, 9, 12,
3, 6 and 9 o’clock, from morning till night .

Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ^Year?^

1861*.16.5 12.1 <9.8 8.8 7.8 4,0 3.7 3.4 3.0 7.1 10.0 14.3 8 4

1862... 12.1 16.0 9.4 10.6 7,5 3.0 2.2 2.3 3.0 7.7 12.6 13.9 8.4

* This table of 1861 differs in some decimals from that published on page 66 and in Dia-

gram No. 1. Having discovered some errors, I calculated all my observations once more
and give now the present as the corrected table.

II. Monthly mean of Temperature and of Relative Humidity in
1861 and 1862, at St. Louis, Mo., based upon daily observations,
cotemporaneous with those of Atmospheric Electricity.

TEMPERATURE.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. M Year? f

1861. . .32.2 40.4 44.8 58.1 64.1 76.9 77.5 78.6 69.1 57.9 46.0 39.7 57 1°f

1862.. .28.9 30.2 43.2 55.0 69.7 75.1 81.2 80.7 72.1 57.3 42.6 41.3 56.4 q f.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

Jan. Feb. Mar. Ap’l. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. ^Year^

1861. . .72.2 63.3. 64.5 61.5 66.3 70.8 66.3 69.6 77.3 76.6 69.0 74 3 69 5

1862.. .85.3 73.9 70.8 67.0 57.3 67:0 66.8 64.3 74.2 67.2 69.5 74.6 69.8

III. Yearly mean of Positive Electricity of Temperature, and of
Relative Humidity of the Atmosphere, at the hours of 6, 9, 12, 3,
6 and 9, from morning till night, based upon daily observations at
these hours through the years 1861 and 1862, at St. Louis, Mo.

ELECTRICITY.

1861 .

1862 .

At 9 A.M. At

.. 10.0 ......

. 10.0

12 M. At

3 P.M.

7.9 ..
7.3 ..

At 6 P.M. At 9 P.M.

.. 8.7 ...... 6.9

1861

1862

48.9° F...
48.9 ......

54.9 61.6 63.6 59.3

55.0 60.9 62.3 58.0

RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

71.3 60.3 57.2 ...... 65.1

70.6 60.0 ...... 57*5 67.6

54.3

53.6

77.3

78.0

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