Missouri Botanical Garden PETER H. RAVEN LIBRARY Pagination Note: Since many of the items lack a specific page number, the page number displayed online refers to the sequentially created number each item was given upon cataloging the materials. -7 jg5sz r ' ^= A? ^*^ 77^7 ^ r £ AAA^ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 cm 7 8 9 10 Missouri Botanical copyright reserved garden d . . . ■■jyW ' ^ '^Vv ^Cer\tei|i]ikl Wee* Plkr(tii|g. 1776 . 1876 . 1976 . This historic y^ar. suggests special duties and opportunities to the teachers and youth of Connecticut. American History, too much neglected An our schools, should now enlist greater interest and attention. These 'centennial anniversaries * and celebrations can be made to foster a historic^epirit and give to this important study greater vividness, apd, honor, and value. But while studying the annals % of the past,, our pupils should nb encouraged to do something for the fftfcure. There is no betted way to honor ^he herofes of 1176 than Tby some good cleeds whose f rfms may survi ve 1976. .One way in which smy boy apav ^a^ gomplish this result is by. planting a thrifty elm or oak. Tree-planting is fitted to give a lesson of forethought to the juvenile mind- v Living solely in the present and for the present, too many youth will * so W. ohlv * where they can shortly reap. A meager crop, soon in hand, outweighs a golden harvest long in maturing. As short-sightedness is the danger of youtn, they should learn that forecasting the future is the condition of wisdom. Arboriculture is a- discipline in foresight, for it is always planting for the future and often for the distant future. To do something in this centennial year which may live on in 1976, will be a healthful a spirahon ta any youth. ^Washington Irving well says of tree-planting, “There is a grande^of thought connected with this heroic line of husbandry. It is worthy of lihrf^ and freedjbrn and ^spiring men. He who plants an oak looks forward to future feges nnd plants for posterity, exulting in the idea that the acorn which he ha sJ buried in the ejrth* shall grow up into a lofty pile and shall keep on flourishinf and Ancreasin Jfand benefitting mankind long- after he has ceased to tread his paternal fields,” It win Id be a grand achievement for this centennial year, if a genuine inte^e^t in arboriculfcre dan be awakened in all our towns. To this end our- pupils should observe all th\ opmmon trees so as readily to recognize them by any one of the six most distinctive marks. If fit lessons were early given on the varieties and value, the beauty and grandeur of our majestic trees, our youth could hardly fml to admire and enjoy them, and then to plant and protect them. The planting of one hundred thousand trees by the wayside (and that would be forty thousand less than one for each pupil and teacher) would ultimately make the roads and streets of Connecticut by far the most beautiful in America. If private taste, publih spirit, town pride and the sentiment of patriotism to our State could be duly enlisted in connection with the certainty of pecuniary profit and the manifold personal advantage of every citizen, our streets would become bowers of beauty and verdure. Nothing can add so great a charm to our country roads or village streets, as long and magnificent avenues of stately elms and maples, such as may already be seen in many beautif ul towns in Connecticut. But there remain some desolate, neglected, repulsive, leafless villages, where taste and trees, and shrubbery, hedges, creeping vines and a park or green, would make the wilderness blossom as the rose. BOTAN ICAL cm copyright reserved Garden 2HS0 2 HS\ Evening Visitor Suj SATURDAY, AUGUST' 19, 1876. I. o. MARTIN DALE AT/THE AC- ADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, 1 of the Falls of the* Potomac, and s a real native of New Jersey. On I think' there’ can be no doubt, as «-*f the land; 'John Gill, informs me |5 meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia on Tuesday, the 15th Inst , Laac C* Marti udale.made^ome remarks 'on tic genus Opuntia, the Only representative in New Jersey of the large order Cactacm. M r Mcrtindale is a close observer and agood ’.botanist, and as many of our readers are in- r -!Vresced im botany, and this has a direct bear- ing on the flora of New Jersey, we publish hhs/ remarks as near in full as we could gath* them. There were specimens of leaves and fruit mounted on cardboard exhibited, show- ing the characters appointed out. The lar^e natural b^der Cactacse comprises gabbut 8(Xhspecies, chiefly natives of tropical countries, and. the western part of the United State's, where many grow to an immense size. The only representative of this large order in the Northern United Staies^easf; of the Miss- ies i{ p , is the geru*. Opuntia The only species of this genus described' in the old works on the Flora, of this section was the sorcalled Opuntia Vulgaris, from Massachusetts and southward, mostly neat the coast; in the new* edition of Gray’s Mailbag the Opuntia Miss- ouriensis, a western, species, having dry, prick- ly fry * t, is admitted as. occurring in Wiscon- pulpy fruit, similar in this respect to Opuutia Vulgaris, also in the western section from ’ Wisconsin to Kentucky, Dr. George Engel- mann, o! St. Louis, in a recent examination of the genus, after comparing specimens from Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, heretofore classed as Opuntia Vulgaris, determines them to be identical with Opuntia Rafinesquii from the west. In a re- cent note from him he says: “I have speci- mens growing he/e from Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and. they are all Opuntia Rafinesquii ; the Vulgar- is I have only from the Falls of the Potomac and South Caroline.” In June la^t I eul Leri ed near Hnddoufidd, N.M., some specimens of Opuntia in flower, which, on examination and comparison with; the species as figured in the 4th volume of the Pacific Railroad Reports, I determined to be the Opuntia Vulgaris. In the latter part of July 1 again examined the plant, then in full fruit, and my former conclusion was sustained. I also sert a fully developed specimen to Dr. Engelmann, who pronounced it to be the true Opuntia Vulgaris, which he had not it has lieen ther^ to his knowledge at least 25’ years, and while it does not incline to S p reu d any , shn ws n ni i gti of di sn p pen tin g. In comparing this plant with specimens growing near the coast, and; which apuear to he the O fmnt ra Uafimsquii, the following characters appear : The Opu ntia V uigaris has a pale green appeaMnce; the flat joints ,ju«>v:a t e,wii h small -ovate suim bite leaves , stout a n d * a pc r i i » g fro m a , - br uadis h base*/ m os tiy : “less than (me fourth of an inch in length, and appressefl to The joint, with a fascicle of mi-, nateiy barbed bristles, j and occasionally a spine iirAheir axils; the* flowers are sulphur yellow, tthe fruit smdoihish, about an inch in r Length and hal fan inch in thickness, some- what ventricose, or largest just above the middle and tapering to the base, with a de- pression at the top where the flower has fal- len off, from one eighth to one quarter of an inch in depth. The Opantia Rafluesquii has rather larger flowers, occasionally with a reddish centre, more numerous petals, the fruit fully one and a half inches in length, with an elongated base, the depression in the top in the specimens examined not so deep as in the Vulgaris ; the older joints have a dark- en’ yu en appe trance, the leaves more Mender, • longer,. rum one quarter to three eighths of an . inch in length, and spreading, and more fre- quently with tiie large spine, particularly aboul: the top of the joint. I have ex- amined specimens from W oodbury, about 12 miles from the Haddopfieid locality, which are Opuntia Rafluesquii, and which have fusiform tubers., on tjie extremities of the roots, similar in this lespect to a western form of Rafinesquii, described in the Pacific R. R. Reports as O. fusifomiis. I have not been able to find tubers on the Vulgaris, and the published descriptions of that species make no reference to any. There is growing in the Meehan nurseries, near Germantown, a speci- men of Opuutia Rafluesquii from New Jersey, which is identical with one. . from * II linois ; also a specimen of Opuntia Vulgaris from Harper’s Ferry, which is identical with the one collected near Haddonfield. These iwo species are somewhat closely allied, yet the form and position of the leaves are very mani- fest, and being early deciduous it is possible is the cause of their being so long confounded. Certain it is, that if the two species as de- scribed are distinct, we have both of them in New Jersey. It tne Obi Leu rec< Ne- the Oh the lov\ wri 1 lus syl Ch Ne pre tec tio le^- an sti ha til er ge co be db yi su an a i tm Th the me sio; ma wa! ini sue me; ening Visitor Supplement. ide aeord ppro- nsel. upon the nade 1 he Thus > by dve- *und >oys, hem med es- try they lick- ;ase. 5 ex- i be that mere He rther their t this roved Six le in- of the Aiue* family of fifty boys (the father and mother be- ing absent) with no officer in the building. He gave satisfaction in his charge of them day and night, for, 1 think, two wee£s, of course having regular relief and the frequent oversight of the superintendent. Of insub- ordination, a refusal to obey proper com- mands, I may say that it is almost unknown in the institution. .The girls’ school, near Trenton, is small, now numbering but 23 pupils, \ and the ex- cellent matron is therefore abldyto give to each a measure of personal attention, which would be impossible were the numbed quad- rupled. She governs as a wise, conscientious mother would, giving way to no excitement of temper, but inflexibly keeping in view thA requirements of duty. Encouraging the joy- ousness of romping girlhood, participating in their fancy work and other pleasures, they know that the sterner tasks the imposes, the labor and the study, are also for their good and dictated by a loving, maternal heart- When she enforces upon them the obligations of the golden rule, they are not startled, for they feel that she exemplifies it in her own treatment of them. Confinement to her room is sometimes re- sorted to when a girl gives way to improper temper or conduct, but no punishment* has been used to which a judicious mother would object. Thou hadst not an opportunity to witness the teaching in the Bible /class. I know the thorough, practical application of the truths of Holy Writ to the/ varied needs of life would have gratified tjbee greatly, should have said that the' officers of the school are all ladies. / When the matron considers any girl pre- pared to leave the school, she and the lady managers endeavor to secure for her a home where she will be shielded, as far as may be, from dangerous associates and the teachings of the institutioh will be continued. In m cases this effort has been successful, but in few instances cold selfishness and indiffer- ence on the part of the employers, or their own imperfections, have marred the good work. Of a number of the girls their mis- tresses give the most gratifying assurances of their excellent deportment. > own account of the death makes it an accident —he wis knocked overboard by the sail in ‘coming about,’ when only the two of them were out sailing. She might have saved him by throwing him a rope, for which he cried ; she did not, Wid is haunted by his drowning face. Sh& loves Deronda, but still without admitting it completely to herself. Deronda loves Mirah, also without full ac- knowledgement. Derdnda has had an inter- view with his mother, Princess Halm-kber- stein, a Jewess by race, s|nd formerly'" a great singer. Her first hus bank was a Jew, and Deronda was their legitimate son, though Deronda is not his real name. ” The Athe- naeum pronounces the book a failure, andun- worthy of the powers of Greorke Eliot. The Spectator is of a different opinion, however. It says none of her previous books have been so powerfully constructed in po\nt of plot, and in none of them has there be s en a relig- ious element, a faith in an omniscient higher powe^, developed with such surprising force and skill. t George Eliot’s novel of Daniel Deron da is now all out in England with the excep- tion of one book. The last book published is called “Mother and Son,” and its contents are thus summed up by the Athenaeum : “Mr. Grandcourt is dead ; killed I Gweudo WtiAT THE BULLET SAN(f. [BreLflart in Harper’s Weekly. j joy of Creation, To be! 0 rapture td\fly And bo, free ! Be the battle lost or won, Though its smol^e shall hide the sun, 1 shall find my Love — the one Born tor me ! I shall know him where he stands, All alone, \ With the powi r in his fiends Not o’erthrown ; \ I shall know him by his face, By his godlike front and gra\e ; I shall hold him for a space, All my own I It is he— O my Love ! \ So bold ! \ It is I— all thv love Foretold ! It is I. O Love, what bliss ! Dost thou answer to my kiss ? Ah, sweetheart, what is this? Lieth there So cold ! The Fifteen Young -Ladies Problem. [From the Scientific Miscellany.] The London Mathematical Society lately occupied itself with the discussion of the fol- lowing problem : “In a school of fifteen girls a rule has been laid down that they shall walk out every day in rows of threes, but that the same two girls shall never come together twice in the same row.” The rule is supposed to have been carried outcoirectiy during the six working days of the week, but when Sunday comes it is found impossible to send the girls to church without breaking the rule* This problem wai announced more than a quarter of a century ago, and has engaged the at ten- tion of distinguished mathematicians, for the reason that its solution involves the use of mathematical synthesis. Prof. Sylvester’s pa- per, in which the subject was discussed, was “en the fifteen young-ladies problem and a general mathematical theory of pure syntax.” 8 9 10 Missouri copyright reserved ^ <~^t/^ n , ^**-7-C_ ej! 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