Missouri Botanical Garden

PETER H. RAVEN LIBRARY

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George Engelmann Papers.

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9Jktt$e3 an munfdjen ix^rtg tiegen,btf(B ber
bramatifcBe 2lu3brud jener SBorte meijtenS
auf eine unb fagtidjeSBeife

miebergegeBen murbe.

UeBrtgenS'fanb i<B bte ©tabt Bet meiner
2lnfunft in einer Befonbern $ufregung. Wit
S55elt fpradj $on ber gu eroffnenben 3nbu*
jtri e*$u3ftedung. „$ud> mir B«Ben unfern
©Xa^^paXaft/' metnte unfere §oteImirtBin,
mas, mie fid) fpdter ^erau^fteXXte, nicBts an*
beres fyt$, ate „i<B werbe (Su^-fle^drigpfef-
fern." — 3$ imtg gefieBen, ber £alifa*er
©Xa^^aXaft relate metne Sfteugierbe, id) Be*
fc^Xof i Bn aufaufud)en. £>er Serf a£ war
Ieid)t, bie 2luSfuBrung fdjwer; enbltd) jleUte
ftdj B eraus, bag td) Bereits meBrere 9Me an
btefem falaft sorBeifpaaiert mar, oBne e^ Be-
merit an BaBen; bie 3ttbuftrie*$uSgeflung
rebugirte ftd) auf dugerft siel £einmanb. 33ei
uns gu £anbe nennt man fo etmaS 3 e Bt
SDaS ®an^e erinnerte mid) an unfere 2>a$x*
mdrfte oBne bas Bunte ^XXterXei ber le^teren/
UeBrigens pagten bie au^geftetiten ©egen*
jtanbe $u biefen leinenen 9>aidjten smdfom*
men , fcermutBlidj batten bie £atifarer, bag
jene glafern genug maren, urn bas ($IaS fur
bie SeBaufung unnotBtg ju mad)en. UeBer*
bieS mar biefe neufd)ottIanbifd)e 3ttbufirte*
lusftedung burdj.au* .burdjjidjtiger 9latur.

murbe, anbere glauBten ftd) nid)t Beffer l)t\*
fen an fonnen, ate tnbem fie einen ©efang
anftimmten, ber aderbings burd)aus nid)t
aauBerifd) war. 2Bo bie ©ogel nid)t ftngen,
ba mitffen es bie 9ftenf<Ben tBun, b a^ttn
metne 9 teifegefaBrten, unb Bate BeleBte ftd)
ber 2BaIb mit £armonten, bag einern angft
uttb Bange merben tennte. 9fteine 0efdBr*
tin gur Stnfen fd)teg baruBer bie Slugen, i( B
tBat besgletdjeft unb in biefem burd)aus ge*
fd)loffenen 3uftanbe . erreid)ten wir enblidj
SBinbfor.

IY. Wnbfim

£)ies tft bas britte ffiinbfor, bas id) fen*
nen geXernt BaBe. £)as erfte reit^t in meine
fruBejie tfinb^eit, eS mx gana unb gar fet*
ftger 9iatur. £)as stneite iji eine reining*
Xif(Be‘ (Srftnbung, bie fi(B burcB ein soi-disant
&cf ) Xog einer ^onigin, btoerje ^arbelieute*
nant^ unb ftedenmeife famofe dinners au^*
' aei(Bnet £)a^ britte ifi biefem neuf(Bottldnbi*
fdje SBinbfor, ber SBoBnort be^ un^ergiei*"
XidB’en @am 6Ud, be^ einaigen ©ertreters
ber einaigen Yiteratur be0 einaigen
©cotta, ©ie ttiffen, ba0 /f ffiinaige" parson
feBer, menn autB ni(Bt mein „digentBum,"
bo(B meine dugerft fdjwatBe ©eite. ©d)ret*
t Ben ©ie e3 biefer ©c^n>ad)^ett bag mir

)3o $'> A

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— j — 'crtrfmtc^ntd^|e«. - 4s
ladjefte mir $u, mie tie alien Sefannten aus
ynxtx x^tit, tie uns imrner bann am fiebften
ftnb, menu fie f id) fo meit mie mbglid) ent*
ferni fatten* ©t 3ol)n^ With mix febr
fern, nnb besf)afb madjte eS mirflidj einen
pompDfen (Stnbrud auf mid)* UebrigenS
gebe id) -3$nen bie Serftd)erung, bag felbft
oon 2Beitem aus gefe^en ,* gmifdjen $leu=
Sraunfd)metg unb bem alien Sraunfd)meig
burdens feme Sermed)fefung oorfaEenfanm
Sor ©t 3of)n$ med)feften mir naturfic^
(nic^t nnfere ^feiber, fo etmas fonnie bet
itnS nid)t mebr oorfaEett) aber feijr bebeu*
tenb bte©d)iffe* 3d) fam auf ben funften
SDampfer, einen ecfyten 2lmerifaner\ A la
bonheure, f)ier febte id) t^teber anf, bier fann
fid) bie ©eefe etnes anftanbigen $ftenfdjen
bes n enn^ebnien Safjrfjunberts b^montfd)
bemegen* D £armonie ber ©eefen, 3beaf
abler 3ungfinge, bie gemefen ftnb unb nod)
font men merben, bie amertfanifd)e ^Dampf*
fd)tfffabri |at end) in bie 2BirfHd)feti getra-
gem freilid) eine fef)r mSfferige Sirfiid)*

Missouri I

MM ’ . . George E

^^^Efen, btefe

jbanbafaber, btefe fd)meEenben £)ioanS nnb
biefe fdjmar^e Sebientenmeft (£s ift ber
reine ©djminbel ber Sor^eit, anf ^raltifd)=
amertfanifd)e SBeife ausgefitbri, esS ift ber
fd)mimmenbe $Drbl)eus, bem bie SBaffer blo^
natb^teben, e^ iff — “Six dollars , please,”
f)brie id) ^Xo^Xit^ neben mir fagem (£s mar
ber ^afftr er, ber mir bas ga^rbiXXet gegen
obige ©umrne einbanbigte, unb mir bie Ue=*
ber^eugung beibrad)te,bag, menn mir in bie*
fen So ten aud) burd)auS nid)ts febett , mas
uns an ein ©d)iff erinnern fonnie, bag fe^
tere fid) in unferer Sbrfe bodj auf eine litrn-
lid) ftorenbe 2Beife bemerfbar mad)t

2Bir fubren ^mtfdjen ^mei Ufern bin, bie
redds bie Sereinigien ©iaaien unb linfs bas
britifc^e 2lmerifa oorfteEtem £)as. gange
mar auf eine angerft naturfidje SBeife mie*
bergegeben* 9iad) Serfauf oon einigen
©iunben maren mir in 9)ortlanb+ (£s mar
nod) friUj, memt aud) nid)i am £age, bie
©iabi mad)te ftd) besfjafb feX>r fonberbar,
mas in uns ben bureaus nid)t fonberbaren
(£ntfd)fug bemirfte, fofort ^>er Gsifenbabn nad)
uTANicAi, Garden' ^

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umringt unb feftgenommen unb blr^>^^
nant marb $ornig unb it>etl er feinen S3 art
|atte, ben er bretjen fonnte, breljte er bie
^opfbaare unb fagte: Cannes, bit bif beg
&obe3, bu fyaft unfern (General erfdjojfen!
9tein, antmortete pannes, e$ if ber erfte
geinb, ben id) traf! Unb babei blieb er, m a$
man ibnt and) fagte; unb er tx>arb gum
Hauptmann gefuljrt unb btefer lief il)n ^um
O^erft fu^ren, unb uberall fagte Cannes :
mar ber erfe geinb, ben id) traf* pa
man nun ben tobten (General auf()ob unb
bie 5)aptere fjerauSnabm, bie er bei ftc§ trug,
ba ergab f d), baf ber ©eneral bieWrmee an
ben geinb serratben Itoe unb fo fellen
modte, bag btefer fie oernidfen fonnte* Da
lief man ben Cannes lo3, unb beri^tete ben
$orfad an ben itbnig*

Du u» *var il)m, aU fteP ein

@d)leier von feinen 2lugen, unb er gemann
eine tiefe (Sinfte^t in bie ©efdjafte ber iibri=
gen Siftinifer unb fagte son ©tunb* an nidjt
me^r ^u 2ldem 3 a* ©a fagten. bie Sftint*
fter : Der pannes if gefaljrlid) I unb legten
e3 an, baf ber^bnig erfu^r, Cannes fbnne
nidjts als lefen unb faum feinen 9lamen
fdjreiben* Daruber marb ber $bnig gornig
unb nabnt Cannes ben £)rben unb bie
@tede aU SDftnifer unb fd^icftc iljn fort
2113 nun Cannes b e * m fam, erga^tte er
ben 2leltern, mte e3 tym ergangen fei unb
baf er bie ©djnur abgelegt babe; unb bie
Gutter lief ^ur gee unb bat: ©ib ibnt eine
anbere ©djnur! Da fagte bie gee: SBerft
nidjt meg, mas3 eudj glitcflicb gemadjt tyat,

Missouri Botanic
George Engeiman

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f idj bamit auf Me gupftnjaen unb fragte;
23 in id) nun groper?

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(Mien pd) bem £tjrone gegeniiBer. ©a
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murM eS ifjrn mittBeilen* ©er £oBaIb leBt
nodj* (U. am fj* £>♦)

fScifcfftjjett t>on SotwS »adj Sfteto fijotf.

Dan €tKfl&or ^agen. ,

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pabt 9temfounbIanbs einfufjr, badpe idj
an ben 9tJjettu Sftedjts nnb Itnfs biefel*
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menfd)Iid)er 23et)aufungen,enblidj bie ©tabt,
am^ttyeatraltfdj geBaut — in ber ©f)at,Jo
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lidjfeit ip fefjr nemfounblanbifdj* ®ott,
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SBelt mit SBrettern ^ngenageft ip, aBer mit
(Sis ga «3 gerntp, snmaf im 2 Binter* ©t

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It is one of the loving tributes which Art pays to flowers
that she finds in them the most perfect and pleasing
types of beauty and delicacy of coloration. There
was but a few years since little that was of high art
in Christmas cards ; as a rule, in fact, they were of a
vulgar type as far as art and elegance were concerned—
mere reproductions of the ancient valentine order,
either sentimentally silly or burlesquely vulgar and
coarse. The public taste has made a great stride
within the past few years ; and if in the impulse

nevertheless very different in appearance and pro-
perties— charcoal and the diamond are cases in point.
Dr. Emerson Reynolds has been lately experi-
menting on plants with the view of showing how
differently substances of the same chemical composi-
tion may act upon plants. He took two bodies,
“ ammonium sulpho-cyanate M and “thiocarbamide,”
or “ sulphurea,” which have exactly the same chemical
composition, each containing two proportionate parts
of nitrogen^ four of hydrogen^ one of carbon, and one

ance, and are sold cheaper.

Vrjesia psittacina (Lindh, var. Mor-

RENIANA x ) (, Belgique Horticole , 1882, t. x. — xii.) is
a cross between V. psittacina and V. carinata. Its
leaves are in vase-like tufts, from the centre of which
emerges a long, erect, scarlet flower-spike ; flowers
distant, scarlet at the base, yellow at the tips. In
V. psittacina the flowers are densely crowded, in
short, flat, fan-shaped racemes ; in V. carinata they

Fig. 145. — A PLANT STOVE AT CHISWICK. (SEE P. 8l6.)

that taste has developed towards better things the
aesthetic school of art professors and disciples has
played any part let them by all means have the credit.
In the modern Christmas card of floral design, how*
ever, the sweetest charms and most pleasing pictures
are found where not quaint aesthetic ideas but those
of Nature pure and simple have been most closely
followed. We have seen reproductions of such dis-
tinctive Roses as La France, General Jacqueminot,
and Marechal Niel, that are perfect; they show at
once that even romantic or sentimental artists can be
truthful, and in the humble field of floriculture
Violets, Pansies, Snowdrops, and myriads of other
popular but unpretentious flowers have been depicted
with skill that professional artists might well envy.
We accept with pleasure this evidence of the popular
love for beautiful flowers, and not least do we rejoice
that in depicting them for popular admiration taste

of sulphur. The elements are the ssime, and the pro-
portions are the same, but the molecules of which the
two are composed are arranged or grouped differently.
Without going into details, for the full comprehension
of which an acquaintance with chemistry is needed,
it may be said that while the ammonium sulpho-
cyanate acts on plants as a powerful poison, its
“ metamer,” thiocarbamide, or sulphurea, stimulates
the growth of the same kinds of plants otherwise
grown under like conditions, and induces healthy
development of ail their parts, thus acting as a dis-
tinct plant food.

Pith Hats in Australia.— As an illus-
tration of the superiority of Chinese manipulation
over that of the native Indians, the following extract
from a report on the Indian products at the Melbourne
International Exhibition of 1880 81 may be quoted.

are in long racemes, with the flowers moderately dis-
tant one from the other, while in the cross they are
much more widely separated.

Plum Pudding.— Whilst antiquarian in-
quirers perchance are digging deep into Christmas
lore in the hope of discovering the origin of that
popular association which exists between the wondrous
combination that is universally known as Plum-
pudding, but which is not Plum at all, the readers
of the Gardeners' Chronicle may well, and doubt-
less wonderingly, ask what possible connection can
exist between the said pudding and gardening.
Our reply to this query is that, after all, the chief
component parts of our great festive dish are plant
products, and of such kinds as are in their respec-
tive countries and commercial departments held in
the highest esteem. It is true that the great staple

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of Sugar-cane, and products of spice trees in deli-
cately perfumed variety. The pudding is, however,
of so composite and representative a kind that not
only does animal life administer to its construction,
but the domestic fowl adds its share, so that the
beasts of the pasture, the poultry of the yard, the
corn from the field, and the fruit trees of the
garden, all administer to its coipplex and varied
composition, for truly a real Christmas pudding is
a domestic dainty that is fearfully and wonderfully
made. Probably no dish of which we partake con-
tains so many diverse constituents, obtained from so
wide a geographical area. The flour may be home-
grown, or it may have come from Russian steppes or
Western American States. The Raisins, delicious,
sweet, juicy morsels that the modern cook will in the
Christmas pudding cut up and spoil, are perchance from
far California, or nearer Spain. Greece or the Ionian
Islands may send us the Currants which so bother us
in their strange appellation, because they, too, are not
Currants at all, but are the fruit of the Vine also.
From the West Indian Islands perhaps come the
Oranges and Lemons, which give the prized candied
peel, and the rich spices have inhaled their pleasant
odour under equatorial sunshine. Truly does a Christmas
Plum-pudding in its cosmopolitan and heterogenous
compound represent the universality of British com-
merce — of the world peacefully and profitably con-
quered. Our contemporary, the Lancet, which now
and again persists in disturbing our torpid minds
with some alarming facts as to evils, moral and
physical, which we have long borne far too listlessly,
at least compensates us somewhat by the assurance
that Plum-pudding is capital stuff after all, though by
middle-aged humanity oft held in terror as promotive
of indigestion and dyspepsia. To children especially
this is welcome news, and we shall not be surprised
if the youngsters quote to careful and perhaps over-
nervous Paterfamilias the Lancet authority in favour
of yet another helping. Puddings, of course, vary in
"tfualit&^nd perhaps it is in the sense of “ goodness ”
so called or otherwise ih^: they are good for our
stomachs or the reverse. The plain well-boiled
Plum-pudding is, if not’ eminently nutritive, at least
substantial diet. The rich fruity pudding, which the
goddess of the kitchen regards as “ good,” is perhaps,
like old port wine, .^productive of ills to which the
flesh will become heir. Like to Potatos, however,
the goodness or otherwise of the puddings depends
very much upon the cooking ; and whether the Lancet
dictum be accepted with faith or incredulity, at least
we can give no better advice than that the pudding
should not only be boiled, but should be so thoroughly.

— Tulipa brachystemon (Regel, in Garten -
flora , t. 1099) is not much to look at, according to
the figure, but there is no telling what cultivation may
do for it, as few things improve so much by cultiva-
tion as the Tulip.

Maxillaria grandiflora, — This fine

Orchid, now flowering at Kew, is a native of the
Andes of Peru, and has been authorised by Lindley,
although few books recognise it under that name.
Humboldt; Bonpland, and Kunth, Nov. Gen .,
i., 88, have figured it as Dendrobium grandiflorum.
The massive wax-like flowers are produced singly on
the peduncle, and are white, with the exception of
the labellum, which is brown, tipped with yellow. It
forms a pleasing contrast to the popular Lycaste
Skinneri, and although of smaller dimensions would
rival it in utility for cut flower purposes ; and seeing
that white flowers are often in great request its beauty
and utility are good recommendations.

-—-The Arrangement of Plants.— Just a
word to those who .have still to make their
arrangements for Christmas. Every one having
any connection with a garden is on the qni
vive in Christmas week, but in the plant
department there is more bustle and a greater
display of earnestness than in any other. To
cut the matter short, there is more work to
be done in this department, which accounts for
the hurry. A lot of ordinary tying up, trimming
and digging, may be done without much mental
effort, but the plantsman must use his head as well as

business, and can say from experience that there is a
vast difference in their calculating powers, and an
equally great difference, as a consequence, in their
work. This is not written either in disparagement
or discouragement of any one — far otherwise. The
man who does not excel in one thing may do so
in another. But to return to the subject, there
is more due to accurate calculation in this matter
than is often thought of or admitted. If there
are three or more houses to be arranged so
as to present a gay effect, there must, or ought
to be, some idea of degree of. attractiveness that
each should present according to its position and
status as a plant structure, for these, like the gar-
deners who manage them, have each a status of their
own. A man, therefore, who would excel in arranging
plants must be able to take an approximate estimate
of the material at his disposal, and the area that he
has to furnish, and keep this in his mind’s eye all the
while the work is progressing, or he will probably
have a preponderance of flowers in one place, and
next to none in another, or he may be actually short
of material of any kind at the finish to complete his
arrangement. This kind of calculation may be largely
acquired by practice, and we know of no knowledge
that is more useful, as it enables the young gardener
to see in his mind’s eye the consummation of important
work before it is actually begun. He will probably
be able to point out obstacles to his master, who can-
not always be in one place, but who will be ready to
appreciate and respect foresight in his assistant of
whatever age.

Black Currant, Champion {Florist and

Pomologist , December). — This is the finest Black
Currant yet produced, the berries being very abun-
dant, of large size and fine flavour. To be sent out
by Messrs. Carter & Co.

— — The House of Hurst & Son.— On Satur-
day evening .last Messrs. Hurst & Son’s annual
dinner was held at the Three Nuns Hotel, Aldgate
High Street. AJ)out seventy employees of the firm
and visitors sat down to a capital spread under the
presidency of Mr. Hugh Aiton, who subsequently
gave the toast of the evening, “The House of Hurst
& Son,” in eulogisfic terms. Mr. Sherwood paid a
like graceful compliment to “The employes ,” and a
very pleasant evening was spent.

Fixing of the Dunes.— I n the article on

this subject at p. 679, the writer inadvertently stated
that the Elements of Sylviculture was translated as
well as published by Messrs. Rider & Son. It
was translated by Mr. Fernandez and Mr. H.
Smythies of the Indian Forest Service, and pub-
lished only by Messrs. Rider.

— Glasgow Royal Botanic Institution.—
The annual meeting of the proprietors of the Royal
Botanic Institution was held recently, under the
Presidency of Mr. William Connal, and we learn
from the sixty-fifth annual report of the directors
that the revenue from annual subscriptions,
£ 1353 *&r. 6d., shows this year a decrease of
£33 2 s. 6d. t although the number of subscribers has
increased. This diminution is no indication of a
waning interest in the garden on the part of sub-
scribers, but is entirely due to an alteration that has
been made in the date of issue of tickets to sub-
scribers. The value of the property in the garden
has during the past year been largely increased. Not
only is there a new range of plant-houses, one of the
finest, if not the finest in the country, but the collec-
tion of plants has been augmented in value, mainly
by donations, by several hundreds of pounds. The
Winter Garden has proved one of the greatest attrac-
tions of the garden during the past year. Now that
the new range of houses is in a condition far enough
advanced to admit of the reception of plants, the
Palms and other unsuitable plants have been removed
from the Winter Garden, and the building will now
be devoted entirely to the purposes of a tem-
perate plant-house, for which it was reconstructed.
Until the new range of plant-houses is in a condition
to allow of the proper disposition of the plants there-
in there must be a constant shifting of the specimens,

lid yg uccit necessitated oy me ounamg oper-
ations ; but the most important work completed
during the past year has been the re-arrangement of the
herbaceous ground for study. A most instructive
addition has been made to the collections in the
garden, in the formation of a tank for water and
marsh plants. The Professor of Botany in the
University has been regularly supplied with speci-
mens for teaching, and his students, to the
number of 185, have had facilities for study in
the garden. As the new range of plant-houses is
nearly completed, the directors will, in conformity with
their statement in last year’s report, soon have to con-
sider what steps they ought to take to provide proper
accommodation for the teaching of botany in the
garden. This matter is one of considerable urgency.
The report embodied a letter from Professor Balfour,
which laid before the Board a statement of the needs
of a Botanical Institute such as ought to exist in the
Glasgow Botanic Garden. The Botanical Institute
should, it was said, contain :— Lecture hall, seated
for no fewer than 350 ; laboratory accommodation,
museum, herbarium, and library. Three ways have
been suggested by which this accommodation may be
provided — by enlarging the present building, by
acquiring North Park House, or by the erection
of a new building specially designed. The last
was the scheme favoured by Professor Balfour, who
remarked — “ For a few thousand pounds all that is re-
quired can be provided. Surely that amount will be
forthcoming?” There was also appended a letter from
Sir T. D. Hooker, which stated — “Whether, then, for
its use as a means of instructing the public by object
lessons, or of obtaining valuable and interesting plants
for the garden, or for increasing the value of the
establishment by enabling it to benefit mankind
through its cultures, I would venture to urge the
claims of a Museum of Economic Botany on the
garden authorities quite independently of its use to
the Professor, of Botany, which is of itself a suffi-
cient argument for its establishment. I have only to
add that such a museum is the most inexpensi ve of any,
whether as regards construction, contents, or main-
tenance.” The report proceeds : — “ The directors:;
have gratification in announcing that a continued
hearty response is given to their appeal in last year’s
report for donations. On no previous occasion have
they had the pleasure of recording so much liberality
as they have this year. Amongst the 700 or 800
plants received are many of great rarity and value, and
many of much interest economically, as well as
botanically.”

— Asystasia scandens. — This evergreen
climber is now flowering in the stove at Kew. Being
a native of Sierra Leone, in West Tropical Africa, it
delights in a moist warm temperature, and the flowers
being produced in terminal racemes, free growth
should be encouraged, and the shoots tied in full
length. The large pale cream or white coloured
flowers are tubular, and much widened towards the
mouth. The plant belonged to the extensive
and valuable collection of the late Mr. Jo ad of
Wimbledon, and, although not new, is worthy of
cultivation. It is figured in the Botanical Register ,
1847, t. 31, as Henfreya, and in the Botanical
Magazine , 4449, but in the latter under the name of
Asystasia scandens. Here it will be seen that the
bracts, usually so conspicuous in the inflorescence of
other Acanthads, are of secondary importance, and
almost unnoticeable. The greater part of the order
consists of weeds belonging to warm countries, to
which the present plant is an exception.

Camellia Don Pedro [Florist and Porno-

ogist, December) is a very beautiful variety. White,
shaded with rose, regular enough to please the eye
without that excessive formality which suggests
flowers “stamped out” of Turnips to order. Hort.
Bull.

Garlic in Spain. — A recent report on the

trade and commerce of Cadiz states that there has
been a falling off in the quantity of Garlic exported
from thence. This decrease amounted to 247,609
kilos, and was due to the fact that steamers bound to
the West Indies and South America (where the

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