Br 7 WE Amsalmdb zu | er | 12327930 Aayıagar / ”, On Ich, | | eg Dane Ian tnachmend wc WE ni: > 7 gu vom ug dan BER Dr ZATARE ? fin Inems IE er Pi a tomastan) ER Ze ; { Le 79 ) Lo II 2 ee | > viau UT Gr, re < z | Des ede a in Aa li Sie a B 7 ne 2 - Atıımme .z ven tu N BE jr 2 = Linn INGE oral? Hl en es amım m nd Gun haberam WIL da mt ta Grüne, % U 8 9 10 MISSOURI ; BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN | I ß6 Yar Dumnairebd a Amt ubmm, — aa FRE Insdarng IM ED Aa EG pn Cır Cara, EUR wu OB le wu | nn ed dt HR. 7, RB Mae ann Ina CE Ar er egeman | Ge: “ 9 .10 MISSOURI » BOTANICAL copyright reserved ERDE: DIE \ copyright reserved MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN Es RER RE Granar Gb er GP undaladı . — | ER s I 49 ars he _— PR Guer Hi; da 0 Klıle = ni N as ee . zerrtur > | & a dr. en dvam Ar Z — I A ut = er 3 / > ul ; ec Missouri BOTANICAL Garden 2 ; be | Gronee EnGELMANN PAFERE | 10 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN De Saporta George Engelmann Papers. Letter from De Saporta - received Aug. 18, 1876 | answered April 23, 1880 Fonscolombe by Meyzarguer 1B. du Rhone August 2, 1876 Sir and Honored Colleague, I just now received your letter of July 5th as well as the interesting publications which you have addressed me in the same mail. I learned with greatest interest of your beautiful work on the oaks in the United States. The questions that you deal with occupies my time at the moment and I have arrived at the same conclusions as you have in the study of the European and Mediterranean oaks. These, like yours’ have extreme variations and a polymorphism which hinders us from being more precise in the limitations of our species. Among these species we have a family of subspecies which most of the time was considered a true and typical one, while in reality its characteristics are only defined or well established in the center of certain normal habitats. As an example of this we have our own Quercus pubescens wild from the south of France. Here it is very recognizable and differs not only by the pubescens of the leaves but also by the pores of the Quercus robur sessiliflora. On climbing towards the north of the mountains one sees less and less of these characteristics as one finds oneself in the presence of the Quercus sessilifora. In regards the Quercus pedunculata it is a more distinguishable subspecies which grows in certain soils and certain regions specially in primitive terrains. In Sweden and Norway one finds only the Q. pedunculata which around here is rare and found far away in the north. The Quercus ilex are polymorphous and very big, producing a type of hybrid which instead of being a Q. ilex is a Lepidobalanus and the Q. coccifera is Cerris with biannual maturation of the acorn. There are some which can be of one or the other with the cupula of the ilex and the biannual maturation of the coccifera. The pores and leaves of the Q. auzandi are intermediary pseudo coccifera (in part defunct). On our continent, close to the Lepidobalanus family the deciduous leaves persist. The Cerris U 8 9 10 MISSOURI BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN De Saporta plays the same role as the Melanabalanus which you have; you have no Cerris and we have no Melanobalanus. You have defined very accurately the differential characteristics of that very curious American type, but that is very well circumscribed with the characteristics that distinguish it from the species you have attributed them to. In a memoir from Dane Oersted (who has since died) he only applied to this subgender the denomination of Erythrobalanus. It is possible, as you have mentioned, that at another time this type had fossil representatives in Europe. I could send you copies of the tertiary species with the same characteristics that belonged to that group. In the earliest eocene of Gelinden in Belgium where I at this moment study the flora, I found many beautiful oaks which belong to the groups of Lepidobalanus and Cerris, mostly the latter. In the upper eocene of the terraine in Aix I found oaks that produced types of Quercus ilex; others were big Quercus phellos imbricaria et virem. The first 2 belong to the Erythrobalanus or Melanobalanus, revealing the presence of that section of eocene which is found in Europe. Later I reported that in the oligocene there are a few oaks with angulated and lobulated leaves. These are similar to the Quercus cunifolis armata oligondota. However they have stringy leaves similar to the Quercus caterbais and iliciforlis. These have small closed leaves similar to the deciduous live forms. If you would like details it will give me great pleasure to send them to you. I will also send you several of my publications but presently I am in the country and do not have my books at hand. On my return I would like you to do me a great service by sending me samples of your well classified oaks with an indication of their type. I would specially like the following species: Quercus dermosa, emoryi, reticulata, cheysdepis, and umvulata. Also Quercus wislizens and Q. myrlifolia. 8 9 10 MISSOURI 5 BOTANICAL copyright reserved GBaednen Dan EEE De Saporta You may send the package to Mr. Lesquerian who will then give it to me. I will otherwise also be at your service. I thank your again for your message and send you my special and devout regards. DeSaporta Translated 3.22.96 by Manfred Thurmann. MIıSSsoURI 5 BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN EEE RE SER ER GE Ba gr yo 4 5 6 7 2 10 MISSOURI : BOTANICAL copyright reserved GCARDEN Aulie apea ER, b, Saur Abu um: > L, de rpm N da 1 0L Guss Arcmendele 17 Zunherem Cu pm ind deine gun ss ae min a EN a Gars Au landen AR nn . r Re Sn r Ar Br Dihb = ns DR Ri us. Auf FReMTZ RE u MISSOURI \ BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN | MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPERS Rul 13,203 0 0 Io Rs ze — u en NY 0 1 2 003 4 5 6 7 8 9 .10 MIıSssouR! i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN Missouri Botanical Garden George Engelmann Papers M.De Saporta Fonscolombe at Puy-St.Reparade 1B de Rhone July 15, 1880 Very esteemed Sir, lreceived with great pleasure and read with keen interest your memoir on the gender Pinus that you were kind enough to send me with a covering letter dated April 23. From that day on I have been absent nearly allthe time. This has deprived me of the honour of writing you and acknowledging the receipt of your memoir and your letter. Even though I am very absorbed by fossil botany, I have in the meantime not been entirely negligent of the living plants. | am always vividly interested in the oaks from the south of Europe and I have begun the publication of my studies on this subject in the Bulletin of our Societe oe et horticole de Provence. I will have the honor of sending you a reprint of this small work!. I have arrived at the conviction that hybridization contributes in great part to the birth and permanence of certain ambiguous families which link up everywhere with similar species with which they are in contact in the same region. The influence of non-familiar pollen will nearly always affect the female organs of a species living side by side with another. The hybrid families once produced, will then in turn perpetuate themselves with the influence of pollination of the same type and will become more or less mixed with diverse degrees of crossing. Our Quercus Auzendi Gren. et Godr. (Auzandri-DeCandolle SGE) is certainly formed by a combination of hybrid types among which are the Quercus ilex and coccifera. The Quercus pedunculata and pubescens have as intermediary the Quercus apennina.Ten. | have received from Portugal types which are suspected to be hybrids which have rejoined the Quercus lusitaria? and pedunculata , which grow together in the north of that region. I think in America that would be the same. Your observations on oaks of that region have given similar results, it seems to me. Please, daer Sir, receive my thanks and expressions of my sentimental affection. Yours, M.deSaporta (signed) Transl.3/26/96 Manfred Thurmann corr.by Eliasson 4/24/96. 'This reprint is in the Trelease catalogue.it can no longer be found. A new reprint has been ordered.SGE 2Not found in floras.SGE _- Eu 7 8 9 10 MISSOURI i BOTANICAL copyright reserved GARDEN