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St. Louis,Missouri
Sept. 14,1865
Dr. F.A.Weber, medicine major,etc.
Mv dear Sir
I was very happy to receive your most interesting and pro-
misine communication of July oh. a few days ago. It was, as you See
verv lone on its way and I fear that my answer wont reach you much
before the end of October. Will it find you still’at St.Louis Poto-
si ? You military gentlemen are often subject to such sudden chan-
ges that one can not calculate with any certainty on the future.-
much less than we other poor nortals.
So you are a friend of Mr. Chechineer who together with
Prof. Schimper was very kind to me durine ny short sojougn in Stras-
burea7 or 8 years ago.and Alex Braun,my friend of nearly 40 years
standing,and constant correspondent, where did you get acquainted with
him ?But it did not need any kind of introduction,where you had the
most influential of all, the interest of science itself, .and your
zeal in the study of the botany and especiallyvof my favorites, the
Cacti,to recommend you. Equal interests and pursuitshake quick friends!
I write to you in English because it is more famillar to me
than the French,but mischt perhaps have done better to write in Ger-
man,which language from your name and from yonr referring to Braun
and Buchinger must be familiar to yousbut as I was not quite certain
of it,I prefer to address yiv in English.
I had expected that the French expedition in Mexico would be
fruitful in the exploration of the resources of the country, Its na-
tural history,etc,just as such military expeditions have opened to
the world of Science Egypt, Algeria and other countries - but hither-
to I had not heard of any scientific results -— so your letter was an
unexpected and almost abandoned good fortune for me !
When the cacti of our southern frontier got into my hands, some
6. 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
20 years ago, and I besan to study them, I was struck with the cors-
ness, the want of scientific precision and spirit,with which that
most interesting family has been treated. Even ereat botarists, like
and Martius
De Candelle have not done them justicesnot to say anything of the mess
of dilletanti, who did more to confound and confuse Science than to
ejucidate.
I besan my studies a new, ab ovo,.based on the immutahle principle,
that the flower and the fruitification only can leadon, and must lead
on,to true scientific results, in that we can study Cactaceae not
any better than Oaks or Roses from the mere oreans of veretationand
that we must have the flowerand the fruit of every species,and know
them well in all their details,before we can say that we know a spe-
cCles of Cactus.
I have been further well aware,that a great many species,comnme-
morated in the books and in Garden Catalogues,are merc. varieties, _
so that the number of real species mus+ be vastly reduced; but I al-
so Knowthst only a botarist in loco could discover the true limits
of species;only one who sees a great many individuals and studies
them can learn to distinsuish the essential from the unessential'! cha-
racters. I would not consider that I knew a species if I was not well
acquainted with the flower and fruit,ard I would hesitate to say that
I knew it well if I had not seen many specimens,if possible under
differentcircumstances in different localities etc. so that I could
Judge of the derree and the limit of their variations ard separate
the constantand essential from the accessory,changeable and unimpor-
tant characters.And such an opportunity I never enjoyed,and such an
opportunity do you now have IImprove it by all means- and anything
I can do to assist you shall be most faithfully and che erfully done.
Of course, we have to take into consideration what our prede-
cessors have done: Y
2ne;but, thoueh frequently they have paved the way for
10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
.- 3 Pn
us,helvped and lishtened our labors,thev just as often have
it with rubbish,which to clear away is as necessary as it is un -
pleasant and often difficult task.- The horticultural collectors
and travellers,the rreat NL SEE establishments,anrd - pro
pudor - the hotarists,who worked in their interest, have made the
task of the scientific botanist quite a difficult one. I!
If I knew, how to send you books,I would yake the pleasure to pre-
sent you with copies of all my publications,though, as you justly
remark,you are stationed in a country,where the species known to me
scarsely occur.-I must add, that with my present views, I would can-
cel quite a number of species,which I have formerly admitted; but,
to my excuse be it said,I never had an opportunity of studying a
ereat many specimens -— and never saw them egrowing in their native
homes II wish this good fortune was yet in store for ne.
Thoush the sheet is at an end,I cannot close this letter yet-
however fearful that your patience may have become exhausted.
Not only the species of Cactaceae are in great confusion, but
even the genera are by no means well known or well determined. Two
zXenera only seem to be perfectly well characterized and that is
Opuntia and Peirescia;the former especially; Peirescia is not so
well distinguished‘ by its seeds,as Opuntia is; Rhipsalis is per -
haps also well distinguished,and perhaps Melocactus, of which I
have very little; but the transition from the most humble Mamillaria
to the Giant Cereus and Pilocereus throush Pelizocacti (? cannot read
E.D.),Echinopsis ‚etc. etc. are-so geradnat that satisfactory li-
mits will be difficult to Sind. I had formerly relied a good deal
on the structure of the seed and the direction of the cotyledon, but
find that the char TUerived from them are not quite constant; I
must accept this unpleasant discovery,as we must accept many facts,
not in accordance with wishes and preconceived opinions. The fact ,
10 MIıSSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
that the same character in the Coriferae,thoush still relied omas
one of the fundamental ones is amazing that family is not always nor
absolutely reliable,must console us a little. We have here two close-
mn
cumbent ctotyledons |
The szsreat number of Genera constructed by modern botanrists, and
still multiplied by some charlatans,must be frowned upon,as they can-
not stand before scientific’ engauiry.
I would bes you to make the most minute and extensive menoran-
da from the living flowers and fruits; pay attention to the time of
operinge of the flowers,matutinal, vespertial.diurnal or nocturnal.-
or which flower by day or nisht; some open earlier,than later,and re-
main open longer or a shorter time. Color of flower and fragsrance,
called) or laterals if the latter,wether high or low,i.e, from la -
ter or older parts of the plant. Proportion of the parts of the flo-
wer. Condition of the lowest part of the tube - below the insertion
of the stamens. Insertion of stamens lower or higher up and in many
Cerii the separation of a "corona" of stamens from the balance.
The fruit is most important and ougesht to be carefully’descri-
bed -— dry or pulpy - external covering - shape and size - kind of
irrerular Schispence if any - time of ripening. Seeds can be preser-
ved and described afterwards at leisure.
Among the best Inomm Cacti seem to be the Peiresciae (Peres-
*
kiae in modern literature,E.D.),several species of which from Mexico
are only known and described after Morieu and Sesse's drawinss,
which were made use of by De Candelle,. Careful examination and study
of all of them'seems of the greatest interest,and the collection of
fruit and seed’is indespensable. Collect specimens of their wood.
0 1 2 3.4 | 9 10 Mıssour!
. BOTANICAL
cm copyright reserved GARDEN
The the Opuntiae are so little knom, but much confused, because
their flowers and fruit habe not been well studied.- Among these my
favorites, the Cylindroupuntiae, of which you have several about
ee 2
St. Louis, are least knowm they never flower in Europe, and a stu-
dy of their organs-and collection of’them is very imp yortant,.
The au.,...ga0t1 are, 4 belleave, most prevalent in your neieh-
borhood’and they also merit close study. .For myself I should wish
to get (before all) fruits and seeds,the latter best preserved in
the pulp of the fruitz; next drlied flowere (split when they will’ dry
better - and not hard pressed.) if possible,with a small seretion of
the plant, .to which the flower is attached. Living plants are diffi-
clult to send’ (not to be sent in our winter !),and if sent,ougsht to
be in small and young specimens,.-
I may have overlooked’a good deal in this hastyrvcommunication,
but will make up, as our correspondence continues and increases as
i nope, it will,
Do you study other plants too ?"I have paid particular atten-
tion to Cuscuta - Euphorbia, especially"the low one belonging to
Anisophyliae - Junci_ - but before all others to Pinus , or with
Abletinac ‚ of which the male and female flowers and the cones and
seeds (with their appendiges) are important.- Any species will be
most thankfully received, and whatever I can send you in return will
be most cheerfully done.
Very respectfully and truly Yours
Geore Engelmann
Dr. G. Engelmanr
3t, HOVULB, Missouri
tr, S tates
(transcribed'from Enslish script by Edgar De
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
Note on side of page 7:
I repeat, that your greatest and most important labour
will be the study of the range of variation within the limit
of the species |!
5 6.7 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
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BOTANICAL
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St. Louis, Missouri May 4,1866
Mv most honored Friend
Today ET finally received agaima sign of life from you,after
I had believed a long time,that either my letter never came into
your hands,or that your professional activities kept you from the
studies of the Cacti.You did apparentliy receive my letter,which
was written nearlv a year ago,but your reply of past November has
never come into my hands. What happened to you ?° Could you give
me a short synopsis of the letter ?°
Moday, I only write to you,to tell you, that your letter with
the enclosures is in my hands,,that, however, the little casen has not
yet arrived.If you should have the opportunity to send something from
Browsville in the future, it should be of importance to know,that
our postal service handles packages,which do not contain written mat-
ter and are not sealed, at very low costs,namely 2 cents for each 4
ounces. I frequently receive in this way plants,roots,seed-cones,and
that even from California.-
5: hope you studied the Cacti in all their conditions quite tho-
sio
rouehly,so thatlthe surface skipping| routine may finally come to an
end, -whichzs besides the difficulty of preserving these plants, ‚has
kept them so much from the real scientific botanists.. You praise my
thorouehness; that is very kind of you,but the glory is not mine, but
belones to the industrious collectors,who deliver the material'to me.
I myself, I want you to know, have never seen a cCcactus in the wild eX-
cept this Opuntia Rafinesauii(0.R Engelmann is now Opuntia compressa,
Mächbr. E.D.) You are just the man and in just the right situatiom to
study these plants thoroushly and to discover the no doubt large cir-
cle of variations. Do you possibly agree with me,that a large amount
of now accepted species are only different forms,which all meld into
each other and are connected throueh middle members. Without doubr, I
BEER: een
0) 1 2 3 4:5 6 .7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
cm copyright reserved GARDEN
[2 2 RD
have made bir mistakes in putting up much too many species,Flower and
fruit must be observed much more accurately and provide a main diffe-
rence for species. It seems very probable to me,that many of the yellow
flowering species of Coryphante are nothing but,.forms of one species,
| zz
‚.ealöarata,. cofnifera
Thekeoljmordes= ©, Echinuspredtans god” a etc. and may-be even the C&l-
Carata from Texas may all belong together. You alone are able to make
exact examinations, further it will be of importance to study the ver-
satillty or constaney of the flower colors, their size ‚their position
on the plants will naturally be constant. Observe certainly always
the implantation of the ovarium"into the body of the plant with Mammi-
laria and the juice,if sweetish or milky; and if you can handle it at
all} bring dead plants or parts of them as proof, and, if possible ,
dried inflorescense and fruits. Descriptions, regardless how carefully
made,are always incomplete,as one becomes only later aware of various
items, which cannot be filled in if no specimen is available.
As to floral position of Mammillariae I have found out now,that
intermittent forms between Eumammillaria and Coryphanta do exist; e.zg.
M._barbata,which fbowers every year for me, has been od interest to me
in this rezeard and at the same time appeared suspicious and against po-
licy ( verbatim transl. "against police" E.D.),pBoduces its first blos-
sem In serıng from Thea arlles df the last .„.„....0s.3..+.-fron the past
year,but all the following come from from the agxiles of the same Spring
Also, the opale-green fruits are more like those of Coryphanrta ‚thougsh
the flower is small. Thus, Grahami,Wrieshtii, and others may belong here.
That you found Mam.macromeris so far from El Paso,I almost
doubt I Try to get seeds, it is unknown to me, and the plant is not in
cultivation. More likely you may encounter the yellow,very large
M. Scheeriil,which was actually first discovered in Chihuahua.
The identity of the mexican O,.vagihata and O.frutescens I have
known a long time. You also see from my research,that I hoped’to be
10 MISSOURI
_ BOTANICAL
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able to distingeuish'a thick-stemmed,fleshy plant from New liexico with
very bumpy fruits; that may hoiever not have been successful.-
Berlandieri‘
Cereus 4 ıL
may belong with C.pentalophus (C.leptacanthus) ,
but C,procumbens is different, as the seeds indicate. Cer,tc:ierosus
»
flowered often here and I made the same observation about the position
of the flowers,which you communicated to me. Excuse me, if I protest
aceainst the name edulissimus;it is un-latin ; better name the plant
sapidus,which means "tasting zood".
But I do not want to start ceritizising now; as soon as I have read
and studied vour notes, I shall write again;and specially after the
case zets into my hands. Be sure to observe flower and fruit of the
eylindrical and elongated Opuntias carefullyz as they never flower in
Eu”ope, it is specially important to observe them in their native land;.
It is upon this that my remark”about the change in form'and the limits
of variability of species-has the strongest reference; the seeds of then,
as you know,,are very different and very variable,whereas the Platopuntiae
divert very little in their seeds.
I want to point out to you specially one Opuntia, my O.stenopetala,
which has been collected just in your territory by Dr. Greeg on the
battlefield of Buena Vista; you have a picture of it on the maps of the
Boundary Commission..Gregee's specimen did not have formed stirmata and
no ovula,as far as could be seen from the dried specimen; here Opuntia
erandis is being cultivated,which I almost believe is the same with
very similar,beautiful orange-yellow flowers, stigmata very peculiar,
not uniform, more pointed’ with stigmatic papillae below the tips,few
ovules in the ovarium, it never set fruit. I would much like to obtain
a fruit; dry ? fleshy ? seeds ?'°
Opuntia arborescens,which is probably O.stellata and O0. Kleiniae
flowered here last Summer.- Du you draw and peint ? Or do you have any-
body handy who could do this ?"It is so important to determine the po-
10 MISSOURI
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wie
%
{
L
sition of the flower,size, color etc. Do vou find any Peirescäas ?
- nennen
Did you see anything of Leuchtegbersia or of Anhalonium ?Leuchten -
bereia is supposed to erow near Mineral del Monte,which should pos-
sibly be Real del Monte ?’The exact checking of the plant and flower
and its position becomes of utmost importance, You realize, that I
assume it's nearest relation with /Anfralonium
rm
Trennen Sie Pilocereus vom Cereus based on the same reasonine ?
But enoush of all this now. More the next time.
As I would like to become personally acquainted with my correspon-
dent,please tell me where you are from and what your scientific field
is. I was born in Frankfurt a.M. (on the Main River, E.D.)in 1809 and
went in 1832 after firishing my studies to America and settled in 1835
in St. Louisgwhere, as you know, I live as a doetor. I began my botani-
cal studies already as boy by preference,arnd do as much in this science
as my profession permits.
Durinz the last years I have not published any more about Cacti,
but continue to study them as opportunity permits. Since several years
I have been occunied intensively with the study of the Corifers,and
flowering and fruiting specimens of them from Mexico,of which I possess
already some from Dr. Grege,would be most welcome II would love to see
Abies relisiosa, which grows near Mexico City, in flowers and with
cones. Branches I have from Dr. Grege..
During the last six months I have been completely occupied with the
rushes and I am about in the process to publish something about thenm..
Any kind of rushes, specially in fruit,would be most desired..
You have the pricipal publications of mine in your hands, but, as
ssiAd, I do net accept (any more\all) which I considered correct some 10
years back. Since then, I only published short notes and nothing about
the territories in which vou live now,
One more questiom, Did you send anything for publication to Europe
6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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or am I the only one to whom you mail comprehensive notes Are thes
destined for further disposition”?
Ard now, my honored colleague,let me say good-bye and hope for
soon to be reneıred correspondence.
Entirely Yours G. Eneelnann
One more item as there is space; please give the locality after the
states,and where possible, also the direction and distancefrom any
known city, otherwise one does not know,where the plants : be
seen,
(translated from German
script,by Edgar Denison
St. Louis; Mo. February 1,1988)
9 10 MIıSSOURI
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n
St. Louis May 30, 1866
Honoreäd Friend,
I went now carefully throush your descriptions of Cacti,
after I had also received your seeds. These interested me a great
deal, and I have really very little to add.. Your descriptliom of
the plants, statement of dimensions,flowering position,flower,.
fruit and seeds are mostly sufficient, and you are up to now the
only person to have made good use of the opportunity to observe
these strange plants on their native soil, according to the de -
mands of today's science, May-be you could have mentioned the
Fu) Ei
state of the wood after destruction of the moist parts..Only of
one do you mention'the explosion of the fruit (Tetego),which does
occur with C,gisanteus, the others apparently do not burst. The
associated Cacti and wild plants could have been provided in more
detail;only once do you mention the region for sugarcane.
It becomes apparent from \your exact description of flower
and fruit,that there is quite a number of of externally similar
but most likely very different columnar carti .
You have seen yourself that Pilocereus cannot be geneti-
al a ah from Cereus, and säad so,and species may be found
with smaller or hardly noticeable beard and thus form the trans-
ition to the common forns,.
Your Cerei with flowers at the summit I cannot stomach.
You too, as I am, are also quite dubious. Coula this be the ter-
D
‚e?
minals of old twigs,possibly of the preceding year,ıwhich instea
of continuing growth in the current year,set flowers ?'If you
have the chance,please examine this point further.
By the way, no place existsSand least here "junior in
vesta magistri". Our teachers in the knowledge of cacti are
dwarfs, not excepting the best, because they did not have the ma-
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ders 2 um
terial, and generally’ (my most honored friend Fritz Salen not ex-
cepted) the broad botanical know-how, Education,to master the sub -
jeot,.
You’ are correct in seeing the difference between genera dis -
appear by examining frequently in nature. Scientific Botany will re-
duce the numerous geenera forcefullyy If we beein to reduce the mass
of cacti, the UÜpuntiae must be put in order first,followed probably
4
by the Peirescia (Don't you see any species of this interesting ge-
nus,of which Dek@indelle pictures so many mexican species,which singe
then nobody has seen again and he himself only the illustrations),,
Then, however, the difficulty starts all of a sudden. The position
of the cotyledons is not entirely reliable, as I have seen Cereus
from Cuba with accumbent cotyledons. The seed of (blank space,E.D.)
to which you ascribe the same, I have not yet examined.- Melocactus
is probably a good genus.- But from the siant columns to the smallest
Mammillariae some limits have to be drammz mav-be, as mentioned,
thronuesh the cotyledons,. %
r N: -f, si Er
puren j ‘)
°. R
Your ER was specially important for me,because
flower, inflorescens, abundance of flowers, even the fruit provided
a complete transition to Rhipsalis I!!! And if the floral tube would
be even shorter and the seeds not as bumpy,no human being could
A
+
separate them from Rhipsalis ! This species is the bridge between the
two genera. Und C. marsinatus follows suit, but already more like
Cereus.
You rarely mention the time of day when the flower is open.
a
Niceht-bloomers are probably frequently still open in the morning,
thoueh not at noon. When brougsht into a room for the opening of buds,
observation of the hours of flowering mav be carried out best.
The caducous (drooping, falline off.E.D.) tuft of C.Heppenstedti
*
is a strange phenomenon. Does it eo around the entire twie or is it
ku
lateral,
10 MIıSSOURI
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- £ -
Pr
That is, with C, lateralis ik always points North and with
flarispyianus into various directions |! Also interesstine I With some
Pilocerei flowers arise from older, with others from the top-most
areoles;and with some the flowerine part of the stem is marked on-
1y throush the wool;with others (as with my C,Schottii) the entire
flowerine section is built different, and for Schottil much more an-
gular and the areoles positioned much closer.
Rarely do you mention the number of scales on the ovary or even
the number of sepals and petals,which seems however important; do
not miss the length. of the free söfe at the base of the tube;form
and leneth of stigmata (thick, ‚ thin, bDlunt,. pointed ).. Did
vou dry flowers, spine-bundles, crosscuts,pieces of frulit ! Do you
have drawines of plants in bloom ? You have seen so many species,
that you can group them better’ than anybody else; you should kry
this,and rely thereby more on flowers,fruits and seeds than the ve-
getative parts.
Be sure to observe the geoerraphical distribution as to expanse
and altitude. But remember, that only the larser mexican citles are
xenerally knomm and that travellers mostly refer irresponsi'b |y to
small villages or haciendas,which nobody can find again easily.
How sad, as we hear from our newspapers, that your time in Me-
et
O
xico will come an end this years For Maximilian, I fear,things
are worse.-
Is there in Mexico another French or Austrian officer who
is interested in botany ‚specially in Cacti ? How do you plan to
publish vour observations ? Do you send seeds to Europe and to whom"?
’
cr
Write to me as often as time permits. Did you receive my letter
of My 797
Still more auestions, which came to mind while going throush
your descriptions. Pil.cetensis fruit really naked ? How is the ova-
MISSOURI
_ BOTANICAL
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= IL .
ry ? I assume a few scales are on it ? I ask again about C, Tetyo,
which is supposed to carry its flowers "aux plus jeunes areoles"
(in the voungest este). Is that so -I snoke often ahout it.
Yon forgot to mention the color of the fruit near Babosso; but first
Id like to know if the fruit is smooth or bumpy.
I believe I spoke already earlier about the unreliability of
the species. Do not tie yourself to it: go without worrying your
own way; but you must try to always recognrize the old species azain.
That has become very difficult throush poor descriptions,which are
mostlv based on weak garden specimens,and which in very few cases show
flowers or fruit; and when such were vresent,then they were incom-
vletely described.
Your Cereus edulissimus,which I propose to name saridus or de-
liciosıus ‚„seems,accordinez to the description, to have much simila-
B
rity with C. princebs,which erows from Tampio to Metamoros ( my erro-
4
neously so-called C.variabilis) but prigcens_ is weak,leaning on
shrub ery,mostly 3-edged and the seeds are different from those sent
by you. The seeds from Metamoros are similar to yours of C.marsinatus,
shiny,rather thin-walled,very fine-bumpy with good marrnification
(chagrieu ) but 34 mm long..Are the two branches, which arise from
N i .
C.candelabf® at the same heishth and where they are positioned at
the stem, do the upper ones cross with the ones just below (decussate
g E.D.). Thus if the first pair points to North and South,the next
points to east and West. Did you not observe such an arrangenment ?
The, seeds of this plant are just like those of mine from Metamoros
prigcep>
C.ı For now I close hopine to hear real soon fron you again; I told
you, that I did not receive your second letter,may my last one of
May 4 have gotten into your hands.
Respectfully Your G. Engelamm
Just what is your forname !There are so many Weber I And what
is your botanical history ?
9 10 MIıSSOURI
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copyright reserved GARDEN
An Dr. Weber, 15 Nov. 1866
Sie schrieben 31 Aug. und _ Nov 1865, 12 April und 10 October 1866; aber der
Brief von Nov 1865 kam nicht an. Ich schrieb am 14 Sept 1865 und 4 und 30
May 1866. Beide letzten Briefe müssten verloren sein und der von d. 30 Mai war
besonders wichtig weil es auf die Cereen wissenschaftlich einging. Ich habe
keine Copie behalten.
Bitte, wo möglich auf Nadelhölzer zu beobachten und zu sammeln.
Zweigen und Samen dieser ; und wenn sie in Sommer lästigt, männlichen und
weiblichen Blüthen.
Ditto Pireskien?? Und Opuntia(cylindrisch)_Golz.
Zeichnungen von Blüthen und den bisecten Durchschnitt immer zu
machen!
Staubfäden und Pollen in einen kleinen Papierbeutel sofort etikettiert zu
sammeln so dass sie später mikroskopiert werden können.
Farben der jungen Glieder und den Blütchen bei Opuntia stenopetales
und beide Opuntien überfällig.
Grösse , Gestalt und Richtung der Blütchen der Opuntia zu beachten.
Arrangement der Staubfäden und Blüthen der (Opunti) Cereen, Grösse
über den Grund des Blüthenstände und Absonderung einer höher(?) Grenzart zu
Staubfäden von den übrigen, oder nichts etc.
9 10 MIıSSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
To Dr. Weber, November 15, 1866
You wrote Aug.31, and ? Nov.18865, April 12 and October 10 1866, but the
letter from November 1865 did not arrive. I wrote September 14 and the 4” and
30” of May 1866. Both of the last letters must be lost and the one from May 30
was particularly important because it discussed the Cereen scientifically. I did not
keep any copy.
Please observe and collect conifers when possible. Branches and seeds
of these; and when they produce in the summer , male and female flowers.
cylindrical) Golz.
Always make drawings of the flowers and the bisected cross-sections .
Filaments and pollen are to be collected in small labeled paper bags so
that the later can be microscoped.
Coloration of young stems and the flowers of Opuntia stenopetales as well
as two other Opuntias are overdue.
Observe size, shape and direction of Opuntia flowers.
Arangement of filaments and flowers of the (opuntias ERROR) Cereus,
height over ground of the inflorescence and the separation of a more highly
characterized variant of filament from the others, maybe, etc.
( Transl.Eliasson11/99)
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Weber, Alb. Rec. Jan 16, 1868 Ans. Jan 27. Post. Mark Dec. 29
Auxerre, December 19, 1867
My dear colleague and very honored friend,
I really do not know if you would like to pardon my long silence. I admit that I am
guilty of great negligence towards you and I will have difficulties excusing myself. You
remember how difficult our correspondence was while I was in Mexico and in spite of
my good intentions I finished by despairing in not being able to establish regular
communications with you. Since my return to France, that is since last April, I stayed
with my family in Strasbourg, and during this time Tabandoned nearly completely my
scientific occupations and delivered myself to the pleasures of rest. Ihave recently
reinitiated my duties within the military and have been placed as main physician in the
99th. regular Regiment in the garrison at Auxerres.(department of Lyon). I propose to
utilize the free time that my duties will allow me during winter to review and place in
order the notes that I wrote in Mexico on several branches of the medical and natural
sciences. But before anything I want to give signs of life and ask you if you would still
provide me with your precious comments, advice and experience.
The last letter that you should have received from me was from San Luis Potosi in the
month of October 1866. At that time I was still unsure of the subject matter of my
previous letters. It has not been until the last days ofthe year 1866, while in Mexico,
that I received your two letters from the previous month of May, in response to the
envoy of documents and seeds that you made through Matamoros. It took more than
seven months for the letters to arrive. They came from San Luis Potosi where they must
have been laying in the Mexican Post Office. During that time I frquently went to ask if
there were any letters for me and the answer was always no. If I have not answered you
while I was in Mexico it is because two or three days after I received them, I had to
leave to Mexico City with all the sick patients ofthe army that had remained in Mexico.
I was in charge of a moving a group of patients, which I did in small stages, I had
occupations beyond my limits. We had to stop in Orizaba for one month, before finally
descending to Veracruz where I arrived in the last days of February.
It was really my fault not to have answered you at least to tell you that I had received
your 2 most interesting letters. I hope you will excuse me, taking into consideration all
the occupations that I had and the circumstances in which I found myself.
You asked in one of your letters, which the destination was of the first series of
documents that you sent me and in what way I planned to publish them. After my
return to France I have wanted to write a Monograph on the Mexican Cacti, making it
as complete as possible. Unfortunately my medical obligations, which for me have
always been more important than the botanical studies, which I cultivated as a pastime,
did not permit me to visit as big a portion of the Mexican territory as Ihad wanted and
which would have been indispensable, to produce something as complete as possible. In
all honesty I traversed Mexico in all its length, from Veracruz to the Rio Grande del
Norte, but could not visit a large number of localities that therefor remained out of my
explorations. I thought that the year 1867 would allow me the occasion to see other
parts of this country, towards the Pacific, which until now seems not to have been
explored. The unfortunate turn of events that occurred to our expedition and our
premature return to France, put a stop to all new projects. To my great regret I find it
impossible to do what I wished and my projects will remain quite incomplete. In the
8 | ) 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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meantime, even ifthey remain incomplete, I consider it my duty to science not to let my
notes disappear in the depths of my notebooks, and to publish them the way they are. In
spite of there imperfections, they will provide some more material in the knowledge of
a vegetable family so little known until now, and will allow future botanists, luckier
than I, to complete them. There are no lack of studious Mexican men who will ask no
less, I am sure, than to study them scientifically. The botanical richness abounds in their
country and could provide a mass of interesting material. But how would they react if
they saw a book published in Europe with all the Cacti that they have directly under
their eyes? One ofthe most important points that would bring them much help, to
decipher this chaos, and which until now has nearly completely been neglected by the
botanists ( I make an honorable exception of you), is the exact location ofthe plants. If
one knows that in a given location, one never finds but a certain number of very rare
species, it will become simpler to verify their synonyms and to correct all errors. As for
example in a memoir by Poselger (1853), that my friend Bushinger sent me to Mexico, I
found some descriptions of species in their localities. These were of much greater help
to me to relocate the species. At La Soledad (close to Veracruz) I easily found his
Pilocereus scoparius; in The Canyon (between Orizaba and Puebla) I again found his
Mamillaria Karstinni; some leagues further close to San Agustın de Palmas, his
Mamillaria cirrosa ( that is nothing else than the Mam. grisca Salm. malletiana. In
Saltillo I again found his Mamillaria Leona and the Echinocactus Saltillensis ( that is
the species that I sent you seeds of, under the name of Mamillaria robustispina; I
believe these names are Synonymous to the Mam Schurii ?! I don’t have flowers,
Poselger says they are large and flesh colored. Could itbe a variety of the fleshy flowers
of your robustisima? it is possible). His Echinocactus Salinensis ( var. ofthe Mam.
cornifera type of scolymoides) I found again at every step in the surroundings of
Monterey and Salinas where the stems are simple and different from its neighbor which
is less vigorous and which you have described under the name of Mam. calcarata! In
the Rinconada ( between Saltillo and Monterey, I immediately recognized the
Echinocereus capricornis and loptothele. I recognized your Opuntia stenopetala,
without flowers, because I looked for it according to your instructions, in the south of
Saltillo. ( I looked for it vain in the fields of the Battle of Buenavista, which I explored
in all directions, and I saw only Opuntia with flat leaves as on the Op. Dillenii, that is to
say, the Mexican form of the Opuntia Engelmanni). I would be able to give many more
examples that demonstrate the benefits of knowing there exact locations for future
research.
Another indication which has great value for verification and for research in the field
itself, is the mention of the indigenous names. There are many species that have a very
determinate name, and that the natives recognize very well. For example you already
recognize the Garambullo, the Tetejo, the Chiotilla ( that I erroneously thought was a
synonym of the Cereus Durmetieri, that I later found in Queretaro;. the Chiotilla is very
distinct). The Teconostla, the Pitaya, the Pithaya, etc. etc. If you ask a native to show
you a Garambullo he will hesitate but one instant. Certain globulous species also have
distinct names. For example ask a native to show you Peyote and he will invariably
show you the Anhalonium (Echinocactus) Williamsii. Or he will perhaps show you the
Anhalonium prismaticum but he will point out to you that it isa variety of Peyote, but
not the real one. ( you can see that the natives recognized before you and the narrow
difference between the similarity of the Echinocactus Williamsit and the Anhalonium).
8 ) 10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
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3
It is without a doubt that in the study of the Opuntia and mostly in the cultivated
species, the indigenous names will be very important. I unfortunately did not have the
time to unscramble their difficult Synonymy. In the meantime I was able to note many
indigenous names, and reassure myself that they always designated the same species or
varieties. For example: Mazul or Mazula (Opuntia stenopetala); Quija (thej is
pronounced like in German)( Opuntia Dillenii), Coionostle (Op. imbricata); Tasajillo
(Op. frutescens); Clavellina (Op.tunicata); Duraznillo (Op. fulvispina); Toconostle
(species with an acid fruit like the Cereus of the same name); Alfajacuya (Op. maxima);
Camuessa (Op. crassa?). Among the species cultivated more or less next to the species
ficus indica: la Pelona, la Blanca, Amarilla, Mansa, Ceniza, Chavena, Tuna de
Castilla,etc. and then the famous Cardona de San Luis Potosi (new species?), la Tapona
(sp.?), etc. etc. Allthese names are perfectly known by all the natives. It would be very
important to note them so as to facilitate future synonymy.
I was willing to establish a general pattern, something like a canvas in which some
details would be missing, but could be filled easıly by future explorers and specially by
the native scholars. In the first place as I already have mentioned, my medical duties did
not leave me enough free time to make lengthy and multiple excursions. F ollowing, the
official cooperation, that is to say the facilities that could have been offered by the
military, were nearly completely nil. It is true that a scientific commission for the
exploration of Mexico was established in Paris. There was a big cry that they wanted to
know the Mexico, like in the past the scholars that accompanied Bonaparte, made
Egypt known; but this commission could not utilize the elements that they had
available; in the expeditionary army they could have found a certain number of studious
men that could be sufficiently instructed to furnish precious material; but scientific
work is nor honored nor encouraged in the French Army. The Paris Commission did not
send a single member to Mexico. They were content in sending some poorly educated
"scholars” who were not part ofthe Army and therefore did not use its facilities to
travel throughout the country with the regiments. Nearly all ofthem thought it was
more comfortable to live for the duration of the expedition, in Mexico City or in other
cities of good size. Botany was represented by a brave and dignified man, Mr.
Bourjeaud, who is usually employed in the herbarium of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris.
But he knew nothing about Botany as he was employed in picking up the leaves from
the floor and placing them in paper bags. He was good at that but this was insufficient
in a country where the vegetation is represented by the succulent plants, Cacti, Agave,
Alves, Euphoria, Dalyrıdion, Yuccas, Palmiera, etc. etc. Certainly a capable collector
could render great services, but would have to be directed by a botanist capable of
studying and describing on the spot. In addition this collector did not know how to ride
a horse, and could only be in a herbarium in Mexico or in Cordoba, that is to say ın
places that have already been visited by hundreds of botanical collectors.
There was also a man in charge of sending the most remarkable plants to France, from a
horticultural standpoint, but this one seemed to me to be only a common gardener,
deprived of botanical knowledge that could have been important to him. His envoys, by
the way, contained very little material.
In the summit of the Paris Commission, botany was represented by Mr. Decaisne,
professor of the Jardin des Plantes. During the first months of 1864, as soon as the
commission was founded, I wrote Mr. Decaisne, to offer him my services, giving him
an account of the work I had accomplished. I offered to send him the herbs, and to
MIıSSOURI
6 .7 BOTANICAL
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4
study on the spot the plants and families that he would specially want, that is those that
could not be prepared for a herbarium. Mr. Decaisne had personally known me for a
long time, as he saw me frequently in The Jardins des Plantes of Parıs; he knew
perfectly what I was capable of and what was above my talent. I was going to tell him
that my offerings were entirely disinterested, that is to stay, free from pecuniary
remuneration.. The only thing I asked for was an official recommendation and mostly
the facilities to be able to Change residence according to the needs of my work, without
leaving the military, and to accompany the expeditionary regiments ad lıbitum, at my
discretion. Well! can you believe it? Mr. Decaisne did not have the politeness to answer
me.it took a whole year until he asked me through is collector, Mr. Bourjeau, at what
stage I was with my work and if I did not have some memoir to send him. You can
imagine that I told Mr. Bourjeau, to relate to his boss that I had no accounts for him.
You can see that I was not officially encouraged to work, and that I was disgusted. I did
not do research work that I could have done had I received some slight stimulation. At
the beginning I wanted to do a little bit of everything and study the flora and its details.
I made large herbariums that went to honor Mr. Buchinger and that he related to the
German specialists. For example the Fougeres went to Leipzi g with Mettenius, the
Lycopodiacees to Berlin to Mr. Alexander Braun, etc. But I very soon recognized the
proverb: he who embraces too much cannot grasp it, and that I did not have sufficient
time. I also began by studying only the Cacti, specially those that were most interesting
as they were more unknown.
Now, in spite of their very incomplete state, I would like to place my notes in order and
publish them. However while reviewing them, I hesitate and I find at each step, many
difficulties, some of which I would like to present to you.
The greatest problem is the delineation ofthe genders. The genders are always groups
that are more or less artificial, This is more prevalent in the Cacti family than in others.
Nature rarely forms perfectly circumscribed groups, and is usually preceded by
graduations and by transitions, both of which are insensible. Then they never form
Continuous series: it can form a line replicated on itself. Points that are far from each
other will return and unite at the beginning of the series. In the state of our knowledge it
would seem one could clearly Separate two large groups. the Peirescia and the Opuntia.
Now in those two groups do you not have the transitions such as P. poppigii and
tubulata? By the way the Peirescia are very little known to us; on my part I did not
encounter them in Mexico, therefore I cannot tell you anything about them. The
Opuntia seems to have bark that is slightly elongated, hidden partiy by wool in the
vertex and compressed between the tubercles that increase their numbers. The
Anhalonium Williamsii is the exception; its bark is entirely similar to the Mamillaria.
Therefor I believe we are entirely in agreement that we can reject the fact that the
emergence of the ovary is a basis of some classification ofthe generic character. If I
have talked to you about this it is because in your letters you called my attention to this
subject. I wanted to tell you about my ideas, to corroborate them with yours.
On the contrary, a character that seems to have been conserved and which is of great
importance, because there are some species than form the transition, is the one derived
from the bark, wether it is smooth or squamous. Six groups in which nature tells us they
are of the Cacti series are: Eumamillaria, Aulacothele, Anhalonium, Melocactus,
Discocactus and Melacocarpus.
I think that we-can form a large group that one could name Melocactiae or
Gymnocarpae.
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The genders that comprise it have among them numerous similarities and one can make
groups that can be circumscribed with certain preciseness. The Melocarpus would form
the transition of the Melocactus to the Echinocactus. They are different because of their
smooth bark and the others by their deciduous cephalium. They seem to form a very
natural group. They also distinguish themselves according there homeland, which is a
characteristic, which we would be mistaken not to take into consideration.
The Melocactus constitute a natural group recognized by nearly all botanists. These
have multiplied the species.. They also distinguish themselves by their location as they
originate mainly along the Mexican Gulf Coasts, or at least in the hottest areas of
America.
I have nothing to say about the Discocactus, that I do not know. Its floral tube is bare
and elongated, this is a sufficient differentiation.
In regards the plants that comprise the three groups that you have united into the
common group of the Mamillaria, the characteristics that differentiate them among
each other, merit our highest degree of scerutiny.
The more I reflect the more Iam persuaded to think that each one of these groups is
reduced to sub-genders instead of forming a distinct gender. In regards the Anhalonium,
you yourself wrote some ideas in the Bound. Comm. Rep., and I agree with you
entirely. Like you, I would add to them the Echinocactus Williamsii and the
Pelicyphora asilliformis, that according to me cannot be separated from the
Anhalonium. The flowers are entirely similar to the A. sulcatum: they arise from the
center of the woolly vertex; the seeds are less distinctly tuberculated, as in other species
where they are verrucose. We have therefore six species of Anhalonium: A. elongatum,
prismaticum, fissuratum, sulcatum, asilliforme and Williamsii. In regards the
Leuchtenbergia, I have not found them in Mexico and I do not believe they can be
catalogued together with the Anhalonium. The descriptions of Salm, seem to indicate
quite clearly that the ovary is squamous; the flower does not come out ofthe middle of
its woolen parts, which is so characteristic of the Anhalonium. Then also the
extraordinary length of the floral tube would in itself be a reason to make an individual
group of this singular plant.
In regards the Eumamiillaria and the Coryphanta, it seems to me that there is a line of
demarcation that is very clear. I propose two distinct genders. The first I would name
Mamillaria and the second Aulacothele. The name of Coryphanta does not seem proper,
because certain plants of this group have flowers as small and even smaller than the
Eumamillaria. Some have flowers that are as big or bigger. The name Aulacothele
responds much better to the principal characteristic seen on it. I do not agree with you
entirely, when you state that the principal distinction between the Eumamillaria and the
Coryphanta is the lateral or vertical position of its flowers. This property is not
sufficiently constant, if under the name of vertical aureolas of the vertex one considers
the species with hidden ovaries. There must be some that do not have hidden ovaries. I
doubt this very much. This is by the way easy to verify. I will try to do this next spring
and perhaps you can do the same. I remember having been struck by this fact, which is
Contrary to my lectures in 1864 and 1869. I paid very little attention to this and could
not specifically verify the species on whom I observed it. As far as I can remember,
some of the macrothelae, such as the Mamillaria aristina, pentacatha var. San Luis,
Mamillaria Schetasii, Mam. carnea. I believe I saw the same thing on the Mamillaria
acanthophygnea and Haagiana, and I believe I could prove it. It was not until 1866, in
Monterey, I thought of placing this subject under experimental
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conditions, but then I had only three species of Eumamillaria, pasilla, texana, applanata
and the species of which I had sent you seeds under the name of M. glabrata. ( Atthe
Universal Exposition of Paris, I saw plants named glabratta, they are different from
those from Monterey, and I must say would respond differently to those describe by
Salm).
Therefore all three of these species have an external ovary. I see on the drawings of
your Bound. Comm Rep., that in all the Mamillaria flowers that have been drawn, the
ovary is very distinctly marked and therefore is not immersed. There would anyway be
species in which the ovary would be immersed, however this would not be sufficient to
make the basis of a classification: it would be much to inconstant and could say
Eumanmillaria ovarium emersum or plus minus immersum.
You have studied the emergence of the ovary in the Anhalonium. Tam going to prove it
in the Anhalonium prismaticum, elongatum and sulcatum. This last species forms the
transition with the Pelecyphora, who under no condition one could consider a distinct
gender and which is nothing else but an Anhalonium. I did not see any open flowers,
but there position just as that of the fruits is identical with that of the flowers of the
Anhalonium sulcatum, and I did not see a single case where the ovary was emergent. It
is true that one finds the seeds between the tubercles; this is because the flowers are
vertical, the base is small and like in the Anhalonium they are found compressed
between the tubercles of the summit that start increasing in number after the blooming
season. But it is without doubt one of the numerous errors that escaped from the author.
This species originated in Mexico and all the observations of species that can be found
again in large distances, are, in my opinion erroneous. The greatest number of
Aulacothela seem to come from the northern provinces while the Eumamillaria are
found mainly in the south.
Now, after I have told you which the genders are that I plan to admit in our First
Section (Gymnocarpa), and which are the fundamental characteristics that to me could
differentiate them, I have to tell you about a plant that you no doubt know better that I
and that is an absolute part of the First Section. This plant, of which I would like to
have your advice is your Mamillaria micromeris.
I found in the arid and porous plains, approximately two leagues from Saltillo, on the
edges of the route that goes from Saltillo to Monterey, some rare specimens of the plant
that you have described under the name Mamillaria micromeris var. Greggii. I was
unable to preserve any of them, they all died before arriving in France so that I was not
able to examine them again and all what I have to tell you about comes from my notes.
I will copy word for word what I have written in my note books in regards this plant.
“ Globulous, simple, sometimes branched, poplycephalic, after destroying the head. The
largest specimen that I found is 4 cms. in diameter.. It corresponds entirely to the
description of the Mamillaria micromeris var. Greggii, given by Engelmann in Bound
Comm Rep. The samples did not have flowers (November 1869), but dried and mature
fruits in the midst of the wool on the summit. While carefully dissecting two plants, I
was convinced that the inflorescence is entirely central or vertical, as well as in the
cornifera. The vertex is profoundly depressed and sunk in. On this species ofthe high
plains the mamilla are small and poorly shaped. On its summit there are already the
rudiments of the thorns and abundant and lengthy woolen down. This helps form the
species with the thorns of the cephalium, that makes the plant so unusual”
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“ Ireassured myself in the most positive manner, by careful dissection, that the flowers
and fruits arise from the young summit mamilla and not from the axilla that at all times
are bare all the way to the vertex. The fruits that I examined arise from the superior
portion of the areola, immediately below the silk fascicles and thorns. Later on there
was no trace, nor scar, nor ridge on the perfectly developed mamilla, underneath the
place where the flower is found”
“ The shell of the seeds are as they have been shown in the plates ofthe Bound. Comm.
Rep. The seeds are scaphoid: I found this particular shape only in the seeds of the
Echinocactus capricornis, that grows a few leagues farther away, close to La
Rinconada.”
Which gender should this unusually small species be found in? It is surely not in the
Eumamillaria that are essentially characterized by the axill ary flowering, and in which
the flowers are essentially lateral, sometimes subcentral ( that is to say arısing from the
axilla ofthe mamilla from the same year, but never arising from the young mamilla.
Could this happen among the Aulacantha? Therefore the general characteristic on
which I will found this gender (flowers arising from the end of a groove that prolongs
the areola ofthe vertex mamilla), would be false. Or one would have to modify it by
admitting that the section in which there isa blooming groove is short and that the
florescence would be entirely areolar??????. Our plant has, by the way, no analogy nor
resemblance, with the species of the Aulacothele. Then the unique particularity ofthe
thorns, that break after the areola has produced the fruit, and then reject their upper
claviforme half!!!! The cephalium appeared to me to be much less obsolete than 1S
ordinarily seen in the Aulacothele!? Could it be persisting as in the Melocactus? If so
then it would have the right of being part ofthe Melocactus, with which it appears to
have great affınity, if one wants to disregard its mamillary body. Should one create an
individual type, a new gender, intermediate between the Eumamillaria and the
Melocactus, having the body of the first and the florescence of the second? In the
difficulty that I find myself it may be that I will resolve my questions with the help of
your luminous advice. You have been able to study this plant better than I, you perhaps
have some living samples at your disposal. I hope you can answer my doubts.
There now, I have again taken much of your time and your patience, dear colleague. For
today my letter is long enough if not too long and I will go to another day for its
continuation.
You would make me very happy if you would not save any of your critiques, and to help
me with your advice, as my name is unknown in the world of botany and has no
authority when it is compared to yours.
In a future letter I will try to approach the thorny subject of the Echinocactus and
Cereus.It is there where I will be obliged to confess that the majority of the material
that I was able to gather is mainly decayed and does not contain enough reconstructive
elements.
I will also make it a point to revue and classify my notes, to send you the list of all the
species, old and new, that I will have reconstructed. There will be a certain number of
species that I will not be able to report upon and of which I will not know their
synonyms in Europe. You can well imagine that it is not always easy to recognize the
species in our catalogues when they have not been seen in their country and when they
are not properly labeled. In addition the market offers them with an endless variety of
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names. There are some that I will be able to recognize and to place in the proper group,
such as the ones from the area of San Luis Potosi, such as the very common Mamillaria
group ofthe Macrothelae. These vary alot and could well be the Mamillaria
pentacantha or other neighboring species. It would have been necessary to know all the
cultivated species in our collections before studying them in Mexico. This is what I did
not do. I do not know the large collections of Cacti in France and I have never been to
Germany, there I have not regarded the secondary collections as important where the
plants are labeled very precisely. It would also be necessary to harvest each day the
samples of all the species and then send them to Europe with labels indicating exactly
where they come from so that they can be compared later on to establish their
variations. All this is very easy in theory, but when one is in the place, with only ones
own resources, with very minimal means of transportation, not being able to dismount
at every sighting, then the situation is totally different. It has happened to me more than
once that the commander of the regiment with whom I marched, told me that Ihad
strayed too far or that I had stopped and stayed too far behind. I was frightened more
than once by the rattle snakes (Vibora cascavala), that are extremely common, specially
in the north of San Luis Potosi up to the Rio Grande. They make the exploration of this
rough country, very dangerous.
A moment ago I was talking about the species that vary so much, that I am unable to
describe them in any other way than by their group. The examples that I would like to
mention are the Echinocereus stenogoni, These vary so much or better yet offer such
transitions, that I have been made to conclude, that they all are part of one and the same
species ( at least allthe ones I saw).
I stop for today, my dear colleague. I hope that your occupations will allow you the time
to read my prose and to send me a response. If I don’t bore you too much I promise in
the future to be a faithful and precise correspondent.
While awaiting your future news I pray that you accept my renewed assurances of
respect and devotion.
Albert Weber
Major and physician of the 95th regiment at Auxerre (Lyon)
Auxerre December 27, 1867
Because my letter does not leave until the day after tomorrow, I will profit of the time
to add a post-script, in order to answer some questions that you have asked me in your
correspondence.
Firstly I hurry to give you, as you wished, some news of myself and my antecedents! I
already gave some information of myself in my second letter (dated in Saltillo), that you
may never have received.
I was born in 1830, the 17 of May in Wolfisheim close to Strasbourg. I was brought up
by my father who is still alive and is a Protestant pastor. At the age of 16 I began my
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Studies of medicine at the faculty in Strasbourg, where I became a doctor in December
1852. Immediately after, I joined the health services of the army; I spent the first three
years in Paris and in other garrisons in France. At the beginning of 1856 I was sent to
Algeria where I stayed until the month of May 1859, time during which I followed the
army to Italy and was present in all the great battles at Magenta, Milignano, Solferino.
As soon I returned to Paris in the month of August 1859, there was the question of
sending an expedition to China, and I asked to be included. We embarked in Brest the
following December. We sailed by Teneriffe, the Cape of Good Hope, by Singapore,
Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tchefou, Tiensing and went all the way to Peking. The
expedition finished there, where I spent more than a year. I returned to France in 186?
and was placed in the garrison of Strasbourg. I immediately asked to be included in the
expedition that was already in Mexico but my request was not granted until December
1863. I spent the year of 1864 as chief of medicine in the Orizaba military hospital in
Cordoba. In 1865 I went to Mexico City and shortly thereafter to San Luis Potosi, from
where I wrote you for the first time. From there I traveled to the North as chief of the
mobile unit. I sometimes lived in Saltillo and sometimes in Monterey and accompanied
several regiments to Matamoros, Mier, or Linares. When the French army began its
retreat I followed them down stage by stage with the ambulance until Matehuala, San
_ Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Mexico, Puebla, Orizaba and Veracruz. We made long pauses in
each one of these cities. I returned to France in Aprıl 1867.
From my youth I was given the taste of horticulture and botany by my mother. During
my medical studies I studied natural history mainly botany, a little more than was
necessary to become a doctor. My botany professors were Mr. Fee and Kirschleger. At
this time I became acquainted with Mr. Buchinger who was the librarian of the
Horticultural Society in Strasbourg where I frequently went and then became member
of its Society. I studied with enthusiasm the flora of Alsace, but my horticultural taste
pushed me towards the study of more exotic plants, specially the ones that I saw in the
greenhouses and in the gardens. This is the way I began studying the Cacti. It was my
fate that half a league from my village of birth, where I spent vacations and where I
frequently went, there was a rich land owner with a magnificent greenhouse and a rich
botanical library. He was Mr. Saglıs. He was what one might call a rich amateur, who,
for ostentation, had a collection of rare plants. He did not know much and for him the
value of a plant was only because of its rarity. He was also held in high esteem by the
horticultural merchants of Paris, who would have a place for their rare plants. The
Rhipsalis Sagliaris was named after him as well as the Echinocactus Sagliaris
(hybrogonus).
This gentleman honored me with his protection and allowed me his library and his
greenhouse. I learned very much about the multiplication of the plants that quickly
filled the rooms of the house and its garden. Mr. Saglis, had a beautiful collection of
Cacti, for sale, and in which he had a lot of money. He liked them because of there
singular nature. He was not interested in having a complete collection but only in
having the rare plants. It is with him that I began to know the Cacti. Because I was
interested in them I made myself a small collection. I bought the works of Forster,
Pfeiffer and Salm that I needed to classify them. This collection had naturally limited
proportions. It was a room collection because I had no greenhouse. In the meantime and
thanks to the fact the Mr. Saglis threw out the left over I was able to collect some and
with Haage and Erfurt and Senke in Leipzig, I amassed 2 to 3 hundred plants.
= x AMERE
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Later on, in 1853, I made the acquaintance in Paris, of another rich amateur, Mr. Andry
and also Mr. Labouret. In the collections of Mr. Andry and in the establishment of Mr.
Cels, I had the opportunity to know species that were new. However I never had the
time to study the plants in a scientific manner. I was only an amateur, I simply wanted
to know the other plants ofthe greenhouse, no more no less. Not being home
frequently I finished by making a present of my small collection, to one of my parents
that had a greenhouse in Strasbourg and who was also an amateur. During my travels to
Algeria, Italy, China and Cochinchina I continued to busy myself with botany as a
simple pass time. I was marveled at the splendor of the vegetation in Cochinchina that
was totally unknown to me. I spent much time and work to get to know this immensely
hot greenhouse that was entirely at my disposal. I seriously began the first sketch of the
flora of the French Cochinchina, that is to say of the provinces around Saigon but then
was recalled to France. My studies were deactivated. During this time, naturally, I
completely forgot about the Cacti. It was not until 1863, having asked to go to Mexico,
that I again began to occupy myself a little in there study, with what ever facilities I
could muster in that land. But Ino longer had a collection with me. The one of Mr.
Saglis disappeared following his death, mine nearly stopped to exist. At the moment of
my departure for Mexico, I was introduced to your work by Mr.Buchinger. Until then I
had only known them by name. I ordered them to be bought in Germany and sent to me.
I took the ones of Salm, Labouret and Pfeiffer.
At first I attempted to correspond with Mr. Labouret, but had to discontinue, because of
his extreme negligence and because one day he simply got rid of all his plants and did
not want to be engaged with botany anymore. I had no further news from him nor did I
find out what happened to some extremely valuable plants that I sent him from
Tehaucan. I then communicated with Mr. Buchinger to find out who the German
scholars were with whom I could correspond in regards this specialty. Mr. Buchinger
asked Mr. Braun for his opinion and determined that there was n o one in Germany who
could give him advice, but then gave me your address.
You know the rest and you know the unfavorable circumstances that I have met in order
to try to realize my plans.
I would have liked to send many beautiful samples to France to be able to study them
on my return. But not having anyone to send them to, I had to be satisfied by sending
small samples to Mr. Gerard in Strasbourg, of whom I have spoken to you before and
who made his greenhouse available for my plants. There has, without a doubt, been a
considerable mortality in the plants that I sent him, but only a few species have been
completely lost. In his greenhouse at this time there are some beautiful and rare
samples, that are difficult to find elsewhere.Among others, about sıxty beautiful
Anhalonium, five sulcatum in perfect condition, about thirty prismaticum that measure
19 cms. in diameter; a large quantity of Mamillaria macromeris ( that are found in
abundance in certain areas north of Monterey, Matamoros and Mier. It is positively the
plant that you described!!); several samples of Pilocereus (or Cereus?) flavispinus
whose name I changed to Pil. Doutrelaini because there is already a Cer. flavispinus;
some well preserved Pilocereus lateralis: many rare and beautiful Echinocactus in
which there are two new and magnificent species, the Echinocereus Gerardi and
Sussiori. The first is similar to the electracanthus but quite distinct and the second of
the group of Theloidi, having some similarity but yet different from the lophothele,
BROT.
I had sent a mass of seeds to another amateur from Strasbourg, Mr. Holt, whose care I
confided in. I was not mistaken as Mr. Holt was able to cultivate nearly all the
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specimen from the seeds that I sent him. The Pil. lateralis and Cer. candelabra were the
only ones that did not make it.
On returning to France, I still have a good quantity of seeds and do not know to whom I
will give them. At the Universal Exposition of Paris I saw the Cacti collection of Mr.
Pfersdorff, horticulturist in Paris. this collection made me want to see his plants at his
greenhouse. In him I found a fanatic amateur, who was nearly ecstatic when I talked to
him about the rarities that I had brought home. He immediately wanted to come and see
them in Strasbourg. There, I gave him seeds of all the specimen that I had with me. One
month ago, during a visit to Paris, I saw that the majority of the seeds had pretty little
growths.
All ofthese are at your disposal whenever you want them: I imagine that you have a
collection and I will send you anything you want, weather it be plants or seeds.
From your side I would be happy if you could send me samples of new species that you
have described and that we do not have in Europe at least not in France. Naturally I
speak of small plants. For example a sample or the seeds of Anhalonium fissuratum
would give me great pleasure: also the Mamillaria micromeris, lasiacantha,etc. Cer.
Schottii, Cer. etenoides and in general all the Echinocereus.
Have you been able to grow the seeds that I sent you from Matamoros? I would be
curious to know. Among them there are three species that did not grow here: Pil.
lateralis, Cer. Candelabra and Cer. Tetejo ( of the latter I have only one plant).
I have to also add that among the seeds that I sent you the name has to be changed on
the Cer. Dumortioni to Chiotilla; the name of Echinocereus rinconensis to lophothele.
The names of Mamillaria robustispina and glabrata are questionable. The first should be
Saltillensis of Poselger and the second is probably new.
The following is the list of seeds raised by Mr. Pfersdorff and of which I will be able to
send you samples next spring or summer:
Anhalonium prismaticum, elongatum, sulcatum.
Mamillaria macromeris, Ottonis, scolymoides from Pachuca, scolymoides salinensis
cornifera, conoidea, chlorostigma (new species from the Rio Grande, Aulacothele of
small dimensions, very small flowers, with ciliate sepals and petals of a white purpuric
color, green stigmata), robustispina Saltillensis, Leona (Postelger), glabrata? from La
Rinconada, Haagiana, uncinata, calipana Spinocarnea, Karstanii (Poselger), etc.
Echinocactus spiralis, longinatus, capricornis, ingens, flovorivens, pilosus, Schurii,
cornijerus, electracanthus, var. tetracanthus, lophothele, stenogonus, var. bicolor;
horizonthalonius , texensis, hexaidrophorus 4 varieties.
Cereus stramineus (from Saltillo), pugioniferus, Chiotilla, edulissimus, Babosso,
Toconostle, queretarensis ( new species found in Queretaro and similar to the columnris
glabri of Salm)
Opuntia stenopetala, Cardona, Camuessa, Toconostle, fulvispina, rastrera, microdasyr,
tunicata, Dillenii.
The Opuntia Schottii did not grow.
Weber, Alb.
Translated Manfred Thurmann
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St. Louis,Missouri Jan. 18,1868
Dr. Weber etc.
Honored Friend
You gave me a great pleasure with the letter,which I
received on the 15th. I had made already inquiry from A. Braun and
hoped for a long time for news from you. Your comprehensive letter
compensated for the waiting.
My letter of May 1866 did eet into your hands proper-
1y thoueh late but my last one does not seem to have eotten to you;
It was mailed on November 18, 1866, a few days after I had received
your letter of October 10.- Thus, one letter of vours and one of
mine have been lost. First let me thank you for the detailed notes
about your personality ard for your photograph. Only, you do not
provide vour forename,and there are so many Weber in the world.One
cannot always qualify as doctor or major,etce. I am now already much
better acquainted with you, and hope that we may have really gzain-
ful botarical exchange thoush you will not be able to observe the
Cactı in their habitat,
First I owe you a little revenge. Here is my picture,
21 years older than you ! I was born at Frankfurt a/M (on the Main
River, E.D.),studied medicine at Heidelberg, Berlin,and Munich, occu-
pied myself even as a youngster pssionately with botany,where my
association with fellow students A. Braun and W.Schimper were of
zreat value, and with the first one at least lead to a friendship
for life.- Already in 1832 I emiecrated to the West of America,
and after practicing several years in the ®enhtry, and after having
travelled all by myself on horseback throush the western territo-
ry, I settled in 1835 here in St. Louis as physician, and remained
here with few interruptions,includine two trips to bLurope,as doctor.
Botany occupies here ny free time,thoush my practice does not per-
mitmuch observation of plants in nature,whereas I study the
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DD
coplous material flowine in from friends from distant parts. The
study of cacti hegan with Wasshipment from my old friend from Frank-
furt F. Lindheimer from Texas,who sent ny a case with Echin.texen-
sis, Cer. csaespitosus,Mam. calcarata and some others.The forms
nen
seen by me delishted me,and I cultivated and studied them. Some
years later, my friend and colleague Dr. A.Wislizenus went to New-
Mexico and Northern MHexico,and another friend,Dr. Grerg,went with
the ru also into northern !lexico; fired on by me, they collected
many strange plants, and with special zeal they studied throush
the cactus flora; soon afterwards a number of expeditions to deter-
9
mine the houndaries of the new territories and railroad routes to
the Pacific Ocean were orsanized by the government; my interest in
cacti influenced all botarists who accompanied these expeditions
to study the cacti, and, thus, a mass of material was hbrousht to -
gether,which all came into my hands. The examination of this indi-
gestible omlet showed soon - I really was aware at the very first
examination of taxonomic cacti -— how totally insufficient and little
and
scientific the study of Cacti had been left to gardeners, erowers .
I got in contact with prince Salm and found his knowledge also
very lacking. The fault was, that the most ardent lovers of castl,
as the prince himself, were not botaristss the gardeners even less
so; that all of them had no gereral scientific backrround and no
points of reference for comparisons. De Candolle is the orly one
who presents an exception. Then followed Martius,who however did
not much work on them,and Jucrazini,who made the hast scientific
examinations,whbb but who as far as I am concerned did not go deep
enoueh,
Before a continue, let me say, that I have never seen a wild
cactus except the locally erowing Opuntia Rafinesauii I All my exa-
mination have been made with cultivated or dried specimens, or with
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herbarium specimens, pressed ones I- From this all kinds of imper-
fections may be expleined.
Further: you and many of my correspondents err'in belleving me
to be a cactus fancier. I am this neither more nor less than that I
am a friend of all plant families and or kinds, which in one way or
another attracted my attention, as e.g. the Isoetes; the Isoetes,the
Juncus species, etc. etc. Also, I have no oportunity to cultivate
them ard the poor things must stand much mistreatment, .I cultivate
them only to the point where they can serve me for observation and
study. But I have various friends here, who much want the plants to
thing about them otherwise). I received a fine collection of Opuntias
from prince Solen,which was taken in for care by a garden enthusiast.
They made marveleous progress (planted outside during Summer) ,and many,
which never set fruit in Europe, do so excellently (thus the three spe-
cies of Nopalea). O0. srandis flowers profusely but did not set fruit;
it is probably identical to my Op.stenopetala; my new mexican O.arbo-
rescens etc. etc. - the most of the Boundary etc.Cactus I have never
had in culture, or, they have died long ago; to the first belone
4
weine
Anhalonium fissuratum, Cer, Cer. et yoides etc.; to the latter M,miezos
mertsis, lasiacantha ‚etc. Lasiacantha I saw once in flower,micromeris
never. By the way, you mav believe me, that I examine a live and bloo-
mine cactus today much more exactly than 20 years back, because one
does progress, going deeper and deeper. Much of what I published’ 20 or
15 years ago, would be much improved today;sthat is the reason that I
em sad, that much or axk almost all of the living material is lost and
may not be obtained again so soon. thoueh, once in a while something
comes agaln into my hands, thus, during these days, a Sedum from
Arizona (Sonoran),however in bad shape; Some thines,specially seeds
you shall geladly have.
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Br 4
I return to the theme,mwhich was broken off..All that I could
obtain from Haworth to Salen,Pfeiffer,Jucrazini and Labouret I did
process hut was little satified with it; I saw soon, that one could
Le
not build further upon it, and active studies in Nature were needed to
start anew to build up; for me all these books ceased to have authority,
havinz onlv historical value and eivinz me (sometimes very valuable)
direction indicators. You have come to the same conclusion, without
wantinge to confess it entirely,or being totally clear about it,
Dr. Poselger, with whom I corresponded first,and whom I met
personally later (1857) in Berlin and whose not very larze collections
and notes I was able to use,was the first to have made extensive ob-
servations himself in Mexico, However, he is not a true botarists in
the real sense of the word; - only a friend of cacti,thoush he obser-
ved carefully. You yourself had now the opertunity to make such obser-
vations for an extendet time and with more care and possibly more pre-
knowledge? and you used the chance thoroushly. That you consider it your
duty to present to the scientific world the lesson of your studies,even
if these could not be as all-encompassing as vou may have wished, I can
only praise.And I eladly will be helpful to you as far as my limited
knowledge nermits.
What you say about the careless definition of the home land,or,
even more the specific habitat,is entirely correct andvexed me often;
In America calidiore,- in NovaHispania - Mexico - etc.etc.,or sometimes
U
OÖ
very exacting,e.g. near'Harienda San Antonio or such,thoush there are
hundreds of such haciendas. I made all my correspondents awares of this
You are also correct about popular names,thoush these provide only a
very small help,which,however, should not be neglected. Dr. Seemann in
London broueht this up lone ago; Dr. Gresg was very conscientious ahout
ah
4
it.- The note about the recoenized relation of Ech.Williamsii'’and
Anhalonium is interestine enoueh, hat von
say about synomyns is undonbt.
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er ee)
edly correctz;onl\ly you should not express vourself,that 0O.Dillenii
be the mexican form of O0. Engelmannii,but rather 0. Engelm which
was only described 16 vears ago, is the northern form ofthe long
known 0. Dillenii. I alıwavs believed somethine like that.And a lot
of the newer northern species are without donbt lone-known mexicans,
specially in the genus Opuntia; what I susgested alreadv in part,e.g.
0. Wrishtii is O.Kleiniae; O.arborescens is O0. stellata etc.
What you say about the deficient institution of the "commission
scientifique" surprise me ver much. This "Bourjeand" should probably
vi
be Bourgean, who tradet in Spain, Africa,and last in Northwest Amerika
If so, then he is a ver industrious and good collector,but obviously
not a botanist. What you sav about Deraisne,an old friend of minre,,
dumbfounded me and made me wonder..I did not expect anything likethis-
but, of course, the the parisian learned institutions are an evil
1
school,
tion is not an easy one for the entire botany and is being answered
according to different viewpoints very differently.Thus Benthen and
Hooker contract much in their new works; others multiply the zenera
indecently - the same as found in the species. I am not satisfaied
with tne division of the Sacki.
What this question concerns,it seems to me the duty of the honest
inquirer,to study the groups which offer thenselves in nature,to
proof their ancestry, to look for differences from other eroups,and
to weieh the value of these differences,and,then, finally to decide
what he wants to join torether in genus groupings or must,i.e. what
Nature herself deliniates. But I am forced to arsin brine to vonr
attention, that unfortunately most writers about cactiwere not enoueh
botarists to be able to distinmuish with a more zeneral ard freer
view; must however still conced, that even good hotarists have created
_
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?
L
bad cactus genera,e.g. Zuccarini the genus Echinopsis ‚which accor-
dine to my opinion belones unconditionally to Cereus. As vou remark
correctly,as such natural zroups Opuntia ard Peireskia are apparent,.
( that you did not see none of the latter,surprises me,because De
Candolle pictures such beautiful,mexican Peireskias). For the charac-
ter of Opuntias, which is specially in the seeds ‚to which I believe
to be the first to to attract attention,several striking vegetative
variations can be added;such as the folia subulata decidua (awl-sha-
ped,deciduous leaves,Ek.D.),and then the aculei et setae hactatae
(‘ spines and bristle-like hair
the latter differentiate immediately the Peireskias with opuntia-like
leaves,even when the flowers are missing. This character of the spines
is strangely constant;I find it also in the family of L saceae,imhere
all species (at least as far as I know them) are provided with stiff,
innumerable short(broad,less sharp,and not really bent backwards)
little hooks. The seeds of the Peireskias, of which I had occasion to
examine several (from Cuba and Sonth America),are entirely different
from Opuntia seeds; black, similar to the other cacti,with large,leaf-
like cotvledons, so that as far as seeds are concerned, the Opuntia
stands entirely alone. I would rather divide the entire family into
accordine to the seeds
2 large eroupenhere the Opuntias would stand opposite all the others.
If one wanted to separate Nopalea and Opuntia one would have also se-
parate Xenopuntia_ and also probably Cylindropuntia.But I world rather
leave the zenus united,
—
u
eg
A)
cs
Cactus moniliformis is, I'd rather completely defer,until
the plant will some time be found asain and carefully examined. If the
illustration of Plumier is correct,then I Ao not doubt in the least,
that it is a genuine Cereus.- I would like to stick to the difference
in the cotyledon,which I was the first to find,thougsh it is not present
quite absolutely,as we find the same with the Corifers,where this cha-
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character has been honored for a 1lonh time.
What you say about the position of the flower of O.clavata_ is
correct,but the fact of the position has very little mearing,nothing
certain, hardly specific. Yes, it may ewemrbe,that the totally ripe fruit
throws off the remains of the flower finally, as you mention this for
Schottii.
If Opuntia already points to the fact,that the exterior form is
not necessarly connected to the formation of flower and fruit,this he-
comes even much more evident with Rhipsalis ;- Who would join Rhip-
salis pentasona and pachyptera with out seeinge the flower. I do not
know if Ffeiffera belones to this; the dried flower of your CGereus
puetioriferuss, and what you told me earlier ahont this species, Seens
to put it to Rhipsalis. If this is so, then we have a species with
strong spines,whereas all other have hardly an indication of spines.
But why not ? This would be the Rhipsalis cereacea.How is the fruit ?
Is it too spiny $ semi-transparent,as with the true Rhipsales_? I have
made fine studies about the placenta formation of Rhipsalis,which
busszed all botanists ‚who worked on this,from Gartner and De Candolle
until out time. Unfortunately,such examinations can only be made with
live specimens,- How is the fruit of Pfeiffera ? I assume also spiny,
not like Rhipsalis !-
with Cereus the exterior form takes on all possible nuances, and
he,who has studied a number of cerii finds, that there is no charac-
teristic in these forms. From ceylindrically thin C,. tuberosus to
ball-shaped pectigarus etc. one finds all gradations,while the flowers
are all those of the Cerei echinocerii are,resembline each other to
cause confusion; and that is only a small group. Thus the transition
from the two-winzeed Phyllocacti to the three-edered Cerei is entirely
non-apparent. But even the construction of the flower is not decisive
By
here, the oblique and the straieht (regular) flowering Cerei appear
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e
in different sections; but again those with a separated corona of
the stamens and those with staminiae eradatuis odoata I I pointed to
“
this in an article in the St. Louis transactions, but spoke only
in an indicating way.
When I get a flowering or fruiting cactus now,it will be exan-
ined in all its parts,;,including pollen,funiculumyovulum,embryo,etc,
but I have to assemble first more material, before permitting myself
to draw zeneral results.
I do not agree, that you could be asked to reform the entire
science of Cacti,even thoush such a reformation would be most desi-
rable. Obviously specific question will come up, which you will have
about
to answer. e.8g. Mam.micromeris specially. In general you may stick to
the common classification if you do not consider yourself sufficiently
capable to emerge as reforner.
Assin, group your species,without giving the groups at this
time zenuric names; look for prime differences of these rroups,and if
these are sufficiently cutting,then name the group a genus. I feel howO
ever that you are inclined’ to state much too many genera; as you know,
I see only few genera within the cacti; but I do not know enoush spe-
cies by a long sight in all their parts,to make a final decision.-
Again, when we find such strikingly different forms even in small,well
defined groups (as Echinocereus), why not in the largest group, where
enough large transitions are at hand from Cereus gisanteus to C, reduc-
tus : First the flower and the fruit I But even there, as already said,.
exist so many differences and transitions,that one must get confused
never
by it. You will find, that in most cases the "groups" may|be named ge-
nera or even tribes, but much rather sections. Compare sometimes the
genus Euphorbia ‚which was supposed to be split into dozens of genera,
and yet all clear (thinking) botanrists agcree,that the Cereus-like
Euphorbia antiquorum etce.and the small low-l1ying E.
ERBE
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en
and the hundred different forms belong all to one genus.-
I follow your "fasson au revue" and must say richt away,that I
liked Salem's large twies (? E.D.) rotatae and tubulosae; the rota-
tae are really only short tubulosae - i.e. shorter rather than longer
Thus the branches ? “esides, it is really not a tubulum-but rather
a more or less complete growine together (deformation ? E.D.) of the
floweringe organs,which is common in all parts of cactus. What you
say abou germen inclusum say is in part new to me. One can only
iudge about it if one has disected these cacti,and that 1s hardly
jermitted
nKuxzikte with cultivated specimens and can be doen only where they
grow wild in quantity. It is necessary to make longitudinal cuts
(not erosscuts). Get a few loneitudinal cuts throush flowers of Mam-
millaria, ovary and surrounding parts,of such species,which are de -
2 En u Du
finitly supposed to be immersae, this immersion is obviously nothing
else than a erowine torether of cells,which as just remarked, belongs
ts1
to the nature of the entire family - or at least more or less. One
difference,which you do not mention in your letter,seems important
to me - Zuccarini was’ the first to sall attention to if, it Is that
12
of the Mamwillaria lactifluae and M. aquosae; this seens to me a fine
ee - 4.
grouping; to the first belongs of mine only Heyderi (= applanata, =
hemispherica ) to which as forms are to be added micrantha,echinacea
and others. These Cactifluae seem to me to have ovarium immersum, if
there is such a thing,which you doubt. Renew the investigatlon !!
I do know,that the upper part of the ovary protrudes,and that in
cutting off the flower x opens the tavity of the ovarium,but a
part of the ovary seems to be inserted into the body of the plant -
this I believe. ED
I assumed that Man Yllarıa \adescura C*) (cannot decipher, but
Kner 4
could be &alcarata. E.D.) presents this phenomenon,„white the E.M..
had
aquatica (? E.D.)/an ov. emersum,
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En 3
- 10-
That, however, this character is not of generic importance, I be-
lieve completely as do you.
with Anislorium the ovarium is not only not immersum, but stands,
as I have shom on top of the young mammilla. The same is the case
with the Echinocacti theloidei and probably with Mam.micromeris,
when properly seen. I miself had only thin specimens of this plant
for examination,and had for this reason ‚as you see for the Boundary
cacti,.leave these questions undecided. 1 should remark here, that
I had occasion to examine a Ech.theloideus (E.Simpsoni),the most
northern as it rrows imto Utah and Colorado, in flower; I* has much
similarity in flower with Anbalonrium, showing only spines but lacking
the tuft - but the tuft doesn 07 have the minutest importarce for
me, which you attribute 'to it; it 1s a secondary appearance; more
or less hair on the areole, more or less compressed in the flower-
inz areoles.-„that is all I- Now this E.Simpsoni, which without
De
flower looks almost entirely like a Mamfillaria,and seeds Aike’M
micromeris,and seeds and fruit like the sharp-edged,no less than
warty Ech.intertextus (Boundary Rep) ! Thus converge here (just like
above differently formed Cerei) various appearing Echinocacti !!
With me the sectiom: :thaloidei has no value any more |!
What you say about Wlecyphi
without doubt correct..And now, should not our M.micromeris ; be -
long Just as weli"be nn as to (.-The peculiarity
of the spines would only call for:a section of the genus. If the
fruit were different,I would pull it..to. the abnvenamed’ genus
Echinocactus,to which points also the shäpesof the seeds -— thus,
s
arain an interim form. In the meantime,thus, to Anhaloniun ‚if
ANA AOTL UM
not Anhalonrium it remains a Markillaria,wrich I do not doubt any
further,:
So, you studied A.sulcatum and cultivated it yourself,and thus
you know, that it is quite different from my fissuratum_ ! I would
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like to possess a dead specimen of it or some mammillae.
I cannot tell you anythingz about MelocactusI never was able to
examine it sufficiently. Why is that not done in the botarical'gar-
den of Martinique ?The matter would be easy toto get to the bottom.
When I get time I want to raise a CubanCephalimwag.But it is very
likely that Monville is correct.-When there are no tubercula as with
Filocereus,but where they have converged into ribs there cannot be
a possibllity of conaxillary inflorescence.There should be mentios
means
ned that taken verbatim axillary|"sittinge in the axis of leaves"
that however the mamilla is not a leaf but a protruding part of the
stem.on which the leaf (if present or indicates) sits. The inflores-
cens of MamNillaria axiVaris Zimmermann is not exact and must be de-
fined better,
2 / . . \
"Dans tout le Cactdes tubulersee - baic lisse L!ovbtfe est tres
court/stallonge etc -" Only with the true Mamfiliariae,and specially
with the lactescuta (? E.D.), not doe many,which I have seen pictured
ii : =
(M. Grahami, M. Wrishtii,etce never with Coryphanta,where the fruit
is not oval. I do not know, if Leudlienbersia has an ovarium aeccccn.
un,
eee..-;anyhow the flowers and fruits are as with Anhalonrium on top
of the marmkilla (mwronelv called leaves) and as to genus they are
close to Cereus,the Anhalonrium to Corvphanta.
Do Disco@aetus and Melanocarpus really have no scales ?? I do
doubt the correctness of your statement; but cannot d+termine anything
about it.
Your dissertation Gymnospora may be zood; I like it, M.macro-
meris howeWer is an exception,
Yon speak at one time of Pele@yphöra,and say, that these plants
are entirely from Anatolia,which I gladly believe - but you 'deter-
mine as character,that the flowers come "du centre d'un vortex
caireux". That is a very inprecise expression after I showed in the
An
[illustration the exact formation and position of the young mammillae
h
10 MIıSSOURI
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. IE.
or tubercles, Anh. fissuratum. Check the flower = Peleryphora
upon a young mamkilla ? Probable ? But,taken exactiy it is, as I
»
have show, incorrect to call the flower versicolor or terminalis:;
they are always latentes ‚only, +they they are positioned her quite
close to the top, With the various Echinocacti one can see all gra-
dations from full top (Cephalißm)to far dom the side (e.g. E.
14
echinospinus. And yet,there is no serious difference between them.
The important is,that the flowers come from the young but portru -
| The same mistake
dine, more or less,but not yet quite dropped scales. ZHXKKXAKAXARK
is made by ‚ın eonnection
KERK with AXX terminal flowers ARERKAXHKXKEX all handbooks AKHXKKKUN
with pinus
Deko feminea terminalis it is general; whereas in reality only one
could be terminal,and then terminates the axis,but the axis ends
above the acantis feminalis in a bud,which will continue to grow
next year. IL call it therefore subterminal and further they are only
a:portion af the pinus species,others ( certainly many Americans)
do not even have anacanta femina subterminalis but lateralis
Once again,Salep had not seen Leuchtenbersiainflower,Hooker
ıillustrates it so that' the ovary can not be en Saas has erom
flowers and fruit but knows nothing about it I! As you did not see
it,it would be best to keep silent |!
Coryphantadoes not mean large-flowered but summkt-flowered.
If you do not want to preserve the name,which I have given,despite
the fact that it 1s the first which describes the group exactly, you
follow a general custom. One could say that Anlacothele could demand
wu
priority,though de iptive enoush,it does not describe the spicies
as does my cn (vide Salm). The law or right of priority has
by now been adopted by all botanists,that, as you know, a lot of
other medern names had to be eliminated (e.g. a lot of "Lamarck").
Anlacothele hax another meaning with Salen ‚would it have denoted the
same, I would have adopted the name.- When a name is "impropre" it
ri
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B 2
is not valid;otherwise Lamarck would have been riecht a hundred times
azsinst Linneus. But I. showed you, that that the name is not "impro-
pre". However Anlacothele has still the riecht of priority.- What you
say about the areoles and the elonpation and belonging together,is
probably correct,morpholorically,and if I separated the two areoles,
I considered more the appearance than the substance. As I have shom,
there are Echinocactus,which have the same wrinkle; in many it is
at least indicated by enfoldinge of the areole.
Now, I want to show you still another difference of these plants;
with the ones referred to above, the flower emerres in the midst of
a full areole,but with Cereus it pushes throush the epidermis of the
plant, which it explodes and tears,not throush a real areole. Most
likely it is the same with MamAillaria. If it is thus with all Cerili,
%“
I do not know.- Observe this, if you have the oportunity to see flow-
ering plants.
You know, that Poselger counts the Coryphantae with the Echi-
nocacti, thus his E.lophotwde etc.etc.,wüich I believe are Coryphan-
tae. He was the “first, who called these plants Marwillariae (though
then unknom to me);he considered them Echinocacti,standing near the
theloideds.- but as said above,the orly E.theloidek, which I know,
has flowers and frult standing on top of mammillae, not in the areole
wnich is elongated into a furrow nor the basis of the manmrfilla, and
is therefore similar to Anhaldntum
The seeds are not definite points of reference, one finds as
far as I know, with Cereus plants always more or less hard seeds:
specially hard and bumby with Echinocereus; ditto with Echinocactus,
softer or harder,alsmost (not always) black, smooth,with indentations
and protuberances;- With Mamillariae they are often lifeter-colored,
but even true Mamillariae,e.e. pusilla,have black,hard-coated seeds.
The seeds of Coryphanta are all (?) brown and thin-coated,thus diffe-
rent from Echinocactus
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A 14 “
Once more about species. From indications in your letter it
is apparent, that you do not agree with the separation and deter-
mination of the zarden species of our books; however,you do not seem
to have the self-confidence to attack the subject. Do so, and even
destroy my own ‚when they appear incorrect. I put much too much
weiseht on spine formation 15 years ago. Nobody can form a valid
judgement about the boundaries of species,but who has seen himself
in their homeland all the transitions. With as many species it will
aleays be difficult to establish limits,and I doubt not in the least
that of garden and book species will prove artificial throush du-
bious observation of Nature in the homeland. Talk about it without
hesitation.
A note again in one spot of your letter,you mention the tuft,
Cephalium,and warn again, not to give welilsht,or not much weiesht to
it.- What you mean,when you say that with Pilocereus the flower
sits on the tip of the mamilla,is not clear to me. If one can at
all talk about a mammilla,then the flower of all Cereus stands close
by the spine-bundle; but once more, it does not break from a pre-
pared,more or less woolly areole, but pushes throush the epidernis.
But with the premise, that your observation of M.micromeris
is correct,namely that the flower of Ech,.theloideis and Anhalonium
really stands upon the mamilla than the plant would be related to
these; and would have to be named either a Änhalonrium with strange
formation of spines and strange seeds; or Echinocactus theleideus
but with a smocoth Fruit. It is certainly a strange plant but Z
would waite before I would create a special genus. I would join it
as abnormal to one or the other genus. Such abnormal forms we find
everywhere in Nature, thoush we do not have permission to consider
them as proper types, which may not be separated.
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By the way, as I said already above ‚the Echinocacti theloidel
do not please me at all, and the very close relationship of my
Itz
E. intertextus and E. Simpson force me to let go of this rroup
which is based only on- appearance.
I believe, I spoke earlier about the inadmissibility of the ex-
pression "infloresence axillaire", I would not like to see it used.
Axillary in botany stamds for: emerginge from the leaf axil,and the
axillae of the Mamillariae are not leaf=axils.- That is the problem
with describers of cacti,that they are not botanrists,and both,there-
fore, do not understand each other.
I won't accept your assurance, that you want to play safe behind
my authority (abritez dernriere votre nom). You do too little honor
to yourself and too much to me. It’s not authority but correct obser-
vation of Nature,which counts,and which must be your support. As I
| authority
told you already, I have learned to mistrust everywhere in my stu-
dies,but specially so in the cacti.
If the cacti were not "erikittet in Mexico,as you call it,then
there is no danger to trust wrong labels,which is a danger for every-
body even with the best of collections. Desides, you are richt to
consider the necessity to pay attention to the historical part,which
has happened so far; even thoush the authority of the predecessors
must not lead to contradiction,we must however always know and give
credit,ıwhat they have accomplished. As mentioned above,it is thus
retracted
not permissible to change your name. Thus, I havelmy name Man.
given
applanatalin üncertainty and innocenge,in order to place the older
M.Heyderi. As you combine several nominal species,the oldest name
of the species must remain,;even if not entirely fittine or descrip-
tive,
What you say about variations pleases me much - this forces you
to search for the limits and characteristics of the true species
6. 9 10 MISSOURI
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and to determine them. Und I have been convinced a lonr time, that
thereby flower and fruit are of upmost importance . I give ever less
weight to the orsans of veszetation,the longer I study these plants,
Be on guard setting up new species if you can find old ones,.if you
can connect your plant; considering what you know in general about the
variabllity of this plamt, even if not everything fits exactly.
Should not N. pentacantpa and " ea autresfsp picies voisins"
ard also your St.Lublig® Potosi plant belonge all tosether, Instead of
settine up a new species,you would gain the merit of jointhng seve-
ral untenable garden varieties,and, thus, »brinz them Shoser to our
systematic of Nature.
Your name "edulissimus" is not botarical and must be changed;
may-be sapida or deliciosus,
You are very kind to offer me seeds and young plants. For the
first and for fruit I am most thankful; they are valuable for studies
for me; butt I cannot cultivate plants,as I told you atready. By the
way, Il shall come myself to Europe durine the Summer,and even iflI
cannot look you up myself,I will without doubt visit Strasbure and
faris and to see your things there and may be able to confer with vou..
Some few Echinocerii, which I cultivated here,you shall zladly have,
and I enclosed seeds of some "whithegetrinto>-th& southwestern United
States.which give me much pleasure to share with youse.e. such of
Cereus gisanteus. I myself sowed some of your seeds’ and a few germi-
nated,but perished due to lack of further care.
That you found M.macromeris there in the lowlands,is strange
enough; thus,it has a wider distributiemm than these plants have con-
monly; thoush I have already seen plants oß Nuttalli from Rbo Grande..
Did you gather also herbarium specimens ‚„flowers,fruits,
spine-bundles,or, even better, entire sections of plants,and what
has hanpened to them 7°
Still’ mores :Admonish your friends,who cultivate your orieinal!'
MISSOURI
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specimens,to be sure to preserve those,which have died,as they are
of sienificant value,and should not zet lost, To me,they are almost
as worthwhile as livine plants, specially if they have flowers and
fruits. Likewise it is desirable to study flowers,which should de-
velop,and to preserve these, if possible, for the herbarium.
This brinses to my mind,does your Opuntia stenopetala have also
such’ interesting shoots and leaves ?“"For Op. erandis, cultivated here,
they aredeep brorm-red,most strikine.
As I told you, I will leave St. Louis in the Spring and spend
perhaps a year in Europe. If however you should answer me soon,then
your letter will meet me still here.. You will find this letter sone-
what fragmentary; it is comosed at different time as I find the time;
and it may contain repetitions. Please excuse this.
Still another item I had forgotten= As you are certainly eager,
to get your seeds in as many reliable hands as possible,so they may
succeed in one place while they perish in another,I want to bring to
your attention’a serious cactus grower,Mr. Seitz in Prag,who would
certainly be most erateful' for seeds and would tend them with his
successful hands.
And now, for this time,a hearty farewell from Your obedient
Dr. Georz Enzelmann
6.7 u 9 10 MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
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MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
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Bemm January 25, 1869
Dr. F, A. Weber
Honoreqad Friend
Your letter, dated just 11 months asco, I answer only today,
because only ar can I talk with some certainty about my trip to
Frankfurt.- You may have heard, that I did arrive in Europe, and re-
ceived some news about my travels throush Mr. Buchineer. L can tell
you now, that I intend ke during February to Marseilles and Mont-
pellier,and that I will by end of February go to Paris. If you could
see us at one of these placesyor, if I could look you up without too
much” trouble, then this would be ver, dear to me and,hopefully, fa-
vorable for our common scientific studies.
On Septenber 15 I wrote to Mr. Bfichinger, and told him in a ge-
neral way, that I hoped to see you this year in France,and, also,
gave him addresses in Florence and Rome,but did not hear anything
further from him or you. It seems, that our correspondence suffers
as much in Europe as in Amerißa !
As I do not know, if you are still at Auxinfe, I again mail this
sheet to Mr. Büchinger,who, without doubt, is better informed about
your where-abouts than I, with the request, to forward it as soon as
possible to you, I do have your letter of February 25 in front of nme,
but cannot now go into the specifics. I shared it at the time with
Dr.Poseleer in Berlin;zwho'se name is surely familiar to you,and who
takes very much interest in your work and examinations,and who spoke
of gettine In eontaet witn you. Did he do 80?
There is such a long time since my last letteröto you (Jan. 27,
1868) and your answer,and the probability of a meeting is so rreat,
that I do not want to persue the scientific content of your letter.
All that can be discussed much better in person,
Only that: Your expressed viewpoint: "de toucher le moins possible
aux divisions actuellement admises" (to touch the least possible
6 .7 10 MIıSSOURI
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actual division? I can only agree and completely share, because on-
ly after studying the fundamentals thoroushly, should a reform job
be undertaken,. I would only like to introduce one limitation, that
I cannot separate from Cereus neither Phyllocactus,nor Echinocereus
TR N R
nor Pilocereus nor Echinopsis, and equally "Y@MQ from Opuntia.
k
Bentham and Hooker's remarkable genera unfortunately give proof in
the classification of ecacti, of too little study An a difficult ques-
tion,- I must add, that I have returned to to a number of criteria,
which I considered very important formerly;e.g. the separation of the
stamens of many cerei and Phyllocacti and Echinopsis into two groupds,.
of which the upper and outer ones are Sseparated from the other,forming
a corora,as e.g. with Cereus speciosissimus,nycticellus,Echinopsis
Eyeres a.s.o the case is, is not closely interconnected with other
erowth and floweringe characteristics as I had believed earlier;: it re-
mains important enough for a subgroup, but can not be used for a major
division of the very large zenus Cereus. I must always come back, what
I have expressed so often, that first an exact study of a large nun-
ber of cacti,their flowers and fruit,„ can hetprus toward an understan-
dinge of thia Alfficult family. And I höpe,: that your efforts An Me -
x1co will contribute substantially, to solve many a difficulty, and
am elad to be able to presnt questions to you in person about various
pvolnts,
I occupied myself in Naples,where I spent 2 months, besides the
plentifully represented Conifers,qguite much with Opuntias. Nb. Around
New Year there flowers masnificently Taxodium mucronatum, the Cypress
of Chapoultepec - You did see this famous tree - Did you make notes
about it ? Collected specimens ? And did you observe other Conrifers ?
As you know, all around the Mediterranian Opuntia ficus indica
are gsrown’and has gone wild. In Naples it is common on the markets,
mostly an orange-yellow form with yellow flesh,rarely with lisht-yel-
low-greenish (aprle-like) flesh, and most rarely a purple-red’ one.-
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Could this be the source-form ? Is this variety found in Mexico ?
And is the plant there also almost without spines ? A very spiny form
of it, is, I believe, O0. amyclaea. Generally, I daily lose ever more
the respect for spines as species characteristics, and in a whole
set of formässwhich are called Dillenii, tuna,homick,pseudotuna, glau-
cophylla etc, seem to me - according to the fruits - to belong toge-
ther. Flowers and’ fruits must be studied)Jand I hope you have lots of
material and observations broueht along from over in Mexico,
The difficulties in our gardens are multiplied so much by circum -
stances,because the plants have almost never any fruit,and,possibly,.
even worse, that they are being propagated throueh cuttines,thus only
a single form,presenting a single individual, not a species I But, you
know all this yourself just as well.
Your letter is so rich on observations and remarks, tböhataätikill be
of hishest interest to me, to read throush it again in your presence.
A lot will come from it, So many of your remarks agree with my obser-
vations and ideass others lead to questions and dissertation.
And now fare-well. and let me hear soon from you, Your
Dr. Geore Engelmann
addr. Schmitt Nast & Cie,Banauius, Rome
Dear Mr. Buchinger
Il take the liberty to address this little letter to you as
I do not know, if Dr. Weber lives still at Auxene; be kind enough, to
forward it to him quite soon,so that he may answer me while I am still
in Rome,where I will remain another 2 weeks. It will be of greatest
interest for me to meet you personnally
Most obedient, Your Dr. G. Engelmann
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb. 1988)
10 MIıSSOURI
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ESTG. 12.10 A EN Ken er]
.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
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Rome Feb.13, 186°
My dear Dr. Weber
I was really elad to get a friendly answer so soon from you,
and even more, to get acquainted with you so soon in person in Faris,
and to discuss with you the scientific qaquestions,which interest us both,
But I am sorry, that I should not see myself your collections |!
Would it not be possible, to have them come to Paris even before
vour definitive settling at the Hotel des Invalides,to enable us to
study them together,as the examination of the specimens would create
much stimulsation and some wind.
I write principally to move this cause near your heart !I My plans
are to leave Romgenext week and to travel to Paris by way of Genoa,
Nizza, KanastTian Nonbellier with short stops in all places,where I
shall arrive about the end of March"to stay 4 weeks.Though nothing
else is fixed, I will probably stay at the Hotel Au Helder and look
for you quite soon in the Hotel des Invalides or to announce my arri-
vel.
In the meantime my heartiest sreetines in the hope of meeting
you soon in person.
In friendship Your
G. Engelmann
it may be the safest,if I would’ find a note from you at my
banker Pillet Will & Co, whom I will look up right away.
GE
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Dear Dr.
ne to eo out
come rainy,l
oo,
expect/there
from 1ı
0.0.
Paris, April 6 Evening
Weber
If tomorrow motring the weather is good,my wife wants
with her; should the weather EN as it seens, be-
prefer to spend the day at the Jardin des Plants and
around 11 or between 11 and 12 o.c. I will be home
on.
OÜbediently Yours
Dr. G. Engelmann
9 10 MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
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BOTANICAL
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Berlin June 7, 1869
My daer Dr. Weber
Here I have been already 8 days in Berlin ‚exploring all
around,and finally I received the long awaited seeds of Asave virgeini-
ana,which I had promised Mr. Guedeney. Thus, I can write to yon too,
as promised lonz ago.
I also received a letter from Gen. Jacoby,in which he tells
me that he has been transferred from Breslau to Posen and that he will
brine his entire collection of Cacti and Agavae there.
I told you, that I left several south-american and other
cacti here at Haseloff. A number of them have died,but two cylindrical‘
Opuntias are doinsz fine,and also a Echinocereus.Further, an Opuntia
from Utah,which I cultivated already for 8 years,and which I named
0. _Utahensis „ prospers quite well; .it is a very neat plant. Of this
something could be shipped soon,the others would have to be propasa-
ted first in a refular manner. Get in contact about this with Dr.Posel-
zen to whom I have trusted the care of these plants,because Mr.
Haseloff’'is auite ailing and can hardly take care. Otherwise I have
not seen anything worth mentioning of cacti,but continued of course,.
to take notes about everything that comes before me,
I also kept thinking about Mamillaria micromeris and became
only confirmed in the view,that one must not separate it from the Ma-
millariae, at least [as yet not),I would like however, as I indicated
to you already in Paris, to constitute a separate section for it..
I would like to arrangse the Mamillariae as follows.
I EUMAMILLARIAE
a) Lactescentes: ovarium inter bases tuberculosum inclusum
(olim '"immersum" dictum)bacca denum emersa;flores minores
b) Aquosae: ovarium inclusum sen plerumque liberum; bacca elone-
ata; sen ovata;flores minores,sen (in uberiformibus) majores
IT CORYPHANTAE
ZII EPITHELANTHA
ar
0 1 2 6) 4 5 / ) 9 10 MISSOUR!I
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flores minuti supra areolam aculeiforam ( Echinocacti instar)
in tuberculis minimis nascentibus orti.
After havine written this dom, I find a better,shorter diae-
nostic of the three sections of Mamillariae
I.„EUMAMILLARTA
Ad basin tuberculorum velutiorum Humquam sulcatorum
florigerae;sareßlae florigerae:et aculeigerae disjunctae.
II CORYPHANTA
Ad vel versus basintuberceulorum Fecentium sulcatorum
florirerae;areolaeakuleigene et florigene sulco con -
Junctae,
III _EPITHELANTHA
in apice tuberculorum pastotium recentium florigerae;
areolae florigerae aculeigeris acute junctae
I believe that in this way our plants and the entire zenus is
most naturally characterized.
Here I found in the dry plants of the herbariumfßone unknom, what
appears to me to be new. Or have you met something of this kind in
books or collections 7°
An_Epiphyllum,well characterized throush the flower with tooth-
less, obovate sections,
A Rhipsalis with broad,coarsely toothed sections,similar to
Phyll.angulisens. Otherwise at the moment nothing new. An ansırer ad-
dressed to Student G. Engelmann, Mittelstrasse 17near Laurig,Berlin
will reach me still 14 days;later, my address remains
Teacher J. Engelmann, Frankfurt a/M
I have heard from our friend Bfichinger,he expected me however and
thus did not write. May-be we two conld meet onc& more in Strassburg
(possibly beginribe of Aumust)..
In the meantime let me hear from vou really soon;greetinges
to Pfarrsdorff and his Leuchtenbereia or,if anythine else,that is spe-
clal flowers or sets fruit,think of me.
Your G. Enzelmann
The enclosed seeds I ask to forward reallv soon with my regards to
Mr. Guedeney, Q
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison,Feb"'88
6.7 8 9 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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MISSOURI
2 BOTANICAL
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wien, July 17, 1869
Mv dser doctor Weber
I wrote yon on June 7 from Berlin,horing to find a reply
at Seitz and Prag, but in vaein. Thus, I was in Prag,am now in Wien,
and want to tell you about my travel experiences,
In the earlier letter I made you proposals for the classi-
fication of the Mamillaria, so that mtcromeris be taken care of pro-
perly: in its own slot next to Coryphanta. I talked to you about Dr.
Poselger. Unfortunately, his garden is poorly situated,and air and
lisht are being constantly more restricted throush building,so that
But, 3 fing ın
German
Poselzer the most intellisent,most scientific, most careful| srower of
his plants do not look good. He is thinking of moving.
cacti since the old Baumann died here in Vienna 2 weeks ago; ee
I did not meet again this honest, ambitious,never-tiring man.
in Prae I found the people possessed by a fiey zeal, very plee-
sine and beneficial.but without corresponding scientific education
and scientific sense. In the first line stands Seltz and besides him
Hanke. Both have fine collection plants. they sow,eraft and hybridize
with much enthusiasm and accomplish much, With supervision and advice
Seitz will probably get somewhere, and I have made a considerable ef-
fort, which hopefully will bear fruit,
Seitz tells me, that he did not receive an answer to 3 letters to
you; in one he indicates to have offered you bohemian pheasants,as -
king, where he should send them. I remember, that you complained, that
he did not answer; I almost believe,that the letters were lost and
’
Ne he ch
that I had the same experience. How can this be. He dia not know ,
that you were in Paris,and, I believe, wrote to Auxenne.
I had sent him of your seeds and he had received more from you.
The seeds gzerminated well; and he also gerew some of my Arizona seeds.
But, what he mentions as connections in western North Americ
’ & nen A,
does not seem to be worth much. I did see letters mailed to him from
Hand ka N
MIıSSOURI
, BOTANICAL
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there with promises,but he does not seem to send anything,ard what
8.3
he is sunposed to have received from there, is donbtful to me.
I foreot to mention, that in that Berlin letter were seeds of
Aravre vireiniana,ıwhich I asked vou to transfer to Guedeney. I would
be sad if they were lost.
At Seitz a obtained seeds of some Chilean cacti,and enough of
them to be able to share them. .I send you these enclosed with the re-
}
quest, that if you have a surplus after using what you need, to give
them with my gsreetines to Pfarrsdorff..
To Buchineer, with whom I corresponded from Paris, I also sent
Boundary Cactus for Pfarrsdorff,which hopefully will smi22 De a favor.
I assume they arrived properky. You should Bet Posalger- Send foryou for
Pfarrsdorff my Opuntia Utahensis „which I brouseht along last year to
Berlin,and which grows there luxuriantliy at Haseloff, ma-Biändesse a
he
delicate species,which is easy to multiply and pleasings Also, !
could send some of the 2 other Arizona Opuntias,which are there from
me,cylindrical,but they are possibly still too weak for propagation,
And now, let me hear from you real soon, specially so, when you
get through with the mexican botanists Fournier and Son,and if there
is a publication in sisht; further, if you got together with Dr.Groen-
land. If you answer immediately, the letter will get to me here in
17
Vienna (Addr. Regierungsrath Prof. Fenzl,Botanical Garden, Vienna),
otherwise, I ask (until the end of July) to Prof. Eichler. Karlstrasse
52 Miinchen, and always to Teacher Julius Engelmanmy; Frankfurt a/M.
There Ts steil, a !or In my Head, I wanted to write to yau,but I
must close now,the next time more,
Greetines also from my wife, Your G. Engelmann
” I
eg: : Fa = = . * 7 Er & f Re)
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb. 1988)
10 MIıSSOURI
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Ihr 30 u: 7767
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MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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s 2 hi Pr ® fl
Vienna, July 30,1869
Honored Friend
My heartiest congatulations’as well as those of my wife to the
happin:.ess promisimg turn of your destiny,so totally unexnpected by me.
u
It is obvious, that the cacti had tobe pushed back,and I do not want
to bother you today, the less so, becausell too am lacking in time,as
I prepare myself to depart tomorrow TO the Salzburg Mountains and from
there to Munich», What I may say about cacti, leave unread, until you
have the leisure arain,which however will certainly not be in Sep-
tember. Will you refım infthe Invalide home ?
IT have not seen much of cacti,which would be of rreater interest.
I saw the Opuntia "vestita"(the samebßf which I saw the fruit in Antibes)
in flower and fruit;the first white and a most delicate violet-red.
What interested me however most was Cereus virens ‚which I saw se-
veral times in flowerbnd which I could examine.The flower is the more
strange,as it has all the characteristics ‚which point to the_Piloce-
reus flower,with the same mass of stamens,long pistil,rolled-in petals
and senals,and after fading,the nectarium hollow,closed below( but not
more and hardly as much as with Echinspaechttssimus in Paris)etc.Besi-
Aesharäly a sien of sepulis ovarii,4 - 5 extremely small bristle-for-
minz sepila,which on drying cannot be found any more,and blooms nieshts.
Veretatively also absolutely nothing, which would identify the plant
as a Pilocereus;smay-be somewhat similar to P.fossulatus, but with fe-
wer,shorter,soon disappearing hair-spines. Do observe Cartisii,which
must be very similar;I do not see it here.-
I don't believe, I told you, that I saw at Dr. Poselger the ori-
ginel of his P, celsii At first sieht it does dumbfound one;he found
it in the brush of P.senili (long and short-hairy forms mixed tore-
ther)and thousht to note a difference only after returning to Berlin.
However,it does not exist; 1t ispn onpulent brakh growth of P.serilis.
6 .7 8 9 MISSOURI
: BOTANICAL
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i
DD
I
» “ ® « rs I: ” nz 1 I + a
The senilis specimen in Berlin has the tuft cut open sideways, Just
GC De
like the one in Paris,and nrobably cut out the ribs,which have no tufts.
Dr. Pos. is entirely postitive about the one-sidedness of the tuft.
ch
What now is characteristic about Pilocereus ? Certainly not the
tuft,certainliy not the wool,therefor th& name is to be rejected. We
snoke already about the variability of the form,which you brousht alone,
and which I found in the Paris museun.
Nb. Cereus virens flowers near the top,2-5 inchesaway Tron It,
arisine from old areoles. When you zet the opportunity,do work on the
mexican cacti;you will find time enoush for this;then you will be able
to discuss these questions better. Without sufficient time for studies
I would not even undertake it.
I ship out from Bremen on October 9 and go still to England.A let-
terfrom the first week of September,addressed to Dr.J.D.Hooker,Kew
Gatdens,Londonkrill eet to me there. Otherwise,my address is Teacher
Julius Engelmann,Frankfurt a/M
Your G. Engelmann
Note on side of pazre 2: Cereus virens and Opuntia erandisconld be had
from the Botanical Garden here; note for Pfarrsdorff.
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Fe. 1988)
10 MIıSSOURI
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A A Zn Tate > = - er
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MIıSSOURI
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Kreußnsch; Sept. 27. 1869
Honored Freind'
I assume you received a letter from August, but ‚as I would
ot expect otherwise, were not able to answer:in view of most urgent
family affairs..I myself was 4 weeks in Eneland; 14 days with wife and
son,meanderine around, and 14 days to study. Now I am here to say
good bye to my family,and will go tomorrow to Frankfurt a/M, Octo-
ber 1 to Berlin,on the 6th to Bremen,from where I ill Ship out on
the 9th. If you should want to write to me, and I do not doubt your
willingness but the possibility.s Addresses are:
Frankfurt a/M Julius Engelmann
Berlin Prof, A. Kraun, Köochstr. 22
Brenen Mr, J,0,. Hust
for the above mentioned’ days..
I have now hardly time to do anything else,than to send you gree-
tings; only, I do send you a few cactus seeds obtained in Enelanrd..
Cereus Martini is probably correct.but Cereus Napoleonis T
believe is incorrect and hardiy different from the first. Both showed
manysprouting seeds in the fruits; the seedlingss were quite green
ard had zero considerahly.
The most interesting item I found was a head of the same Cereus
vn
or Pilocereus niger (by-the-way withonnt any label or name and 10-
cality); the same as seen in Paris but with fruit I I also enclose
seeds; - you will be surprised about their size.- here too the two
heads,which I saw, are all around the same..
I further saw Pilocereus senilis; a head of outsanding size,and
entire ! not one-sided - another smaller one only the backside.- In
both the flowers were entirely similar to those in Faris,but no fruit.
Thus,we are forced to battle for the knowledge of these plants
from frasmentary pieces.
7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
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Fa}
Greetines to Guedeney and Pfarrsdorff from me and resards to
your dear wife, unknom to me.
When I get home again, we will hopefully continue our correspon-
dence.
Nb. Phyllocactus alatus with soft red flower. I remember from m!
childhood as frequentiy cultivated,but now just about disappeared;
ph, llaptoı des
or is the nane 2:
buecnall flowers,which I have seen (from Surinam) in a herbarium;
has possibly never been cultitated ?
And now fare well - more,when I am over there |!
Your obedient
Dr. Geore Enrelmann
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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-=.Ph.phyllanthus is the one with long-tubular
Ga Trek 8008 EIG ). Alien
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F Irlchnge SE ee) SH agre, 92 1 Aıman
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‚ BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
Locust Street 3003, St. Louis, Mössouri’ April 3, 1870
My honored Friend
Now we have arrived home since November, but the furrishing
and movine into a laree, new home, and, at the same time, the takin
up again of my practice, left me little ine for botanical studies.
Much became pressing and had to be dealt with, To this belong the
shipment of cacti from the rich Gulf of Californrias I send 4 kinds
of seeds to Pfarrsdorff with the request to provide you with a san-
pling for your collection as well as this leaf,which serves as ope-
ner for our correspondence,and about which I hope for a reply'soon.
Are you, young Dhüsband, still at the Hotel des Invalides 7” And how
does the status of husband agree with the cacti ?’ You will enjoy
the nretty seeds of the strange Cereus Pecten aborieinorum ‚of which
up to now only the orange,large fruit is known; fully covered with
flexible spines, which are used by the indians as hairbrush. Did
I. send you earlier the seeds of Pilocereus niger = P.chrysomellus ?'
from Kew ? These are just as large, but your serpentinus (is the
desirnation correct ?) remains by far the largest.
29 species from the California peninsula,but only one with
”
(bad) seeds; a magnificent Mamillaria ,„ which I call longahansta ,„ uud
but which has seeds = pusilla. Should I send you also spine-bundles
and such °?
v
Ihave still all kinds of dead seeds,which I will send you
later, as you are interested in this, e.g. from Venezuela.
The Pilocereus problem raises ever more difficulties ,„ as ge-
nerally the systematic oX cacti is egettinz ever more confused
®
which
I
X Guld kr Q
x
ED,
rather than clearer, FP. Schottii , h erows also in Lower Califor-
nia,should according to growth be a gzennine Pilocereus ,„ the flower
however has nothine in common; and its olive-like,naked fruits
R
it is called Carambuye in Lower California; . ı the same name is
given there to a true Cereus with strong, evenly formed spines but
MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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- a
with the same flower as Schottiil. The natives sytematize in a diffe-
rent way, but, may-be better than we I And the large CGerei, there are
called’ Cardon espinosa and pelon and Carambuya Pitahaya dulce (C.Thur-
weri)and agre, and th& Echinocerei as well as all small Mamillariae
etc. Pitahayita ; Echinocactus is Viguaga,Platopuntia Juna,but the
ceylindrical Opuntias have a lot of different names; of the latter one
may have discovered 6 different species there.
I’also send some seeds of Echinocactus Whipplii var. poly an-
4
cistus; the seed proves to me the identity as Whipplii' from a Plant
forheriy considered’ different; it comes from the State Nevada, North
of the original locality.
Please be content with these lines today and write soon agzain
to me,so that we may reopen a fruitful correspondence. Tell me also
of Faris,of Pfarrsforff,the Jardin des Plants, etc. I, also, send
some seeds to Guedeney,hoping that he ard his plants are well.
Greetinss to your wife, thoush unknown to me from both of us.
Entirely Iour Dr. 7. Engelmann
Tt almost forgot to thank you for the kind lines,which
I received from you in Bremen.
TI also enclose a seed’ (unripe) of Opuntia basilaris
Dr. A. Weber Hotel des Invalides Faris
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988 )
10 MIıSSOURI
s BOTANICAL
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3003 Locust Str. 3t. Louis Ausust 3, 1875
Mv dear Dr. Weber
I have not written to you for a long time and have not:
heard from you in a lone time. I was very sad receivine several
times the news some time back, that you had perished in the war,
and am delishted that it proved to be in error,
ZI occupied myself here and there with cacti,and could, if
only I could get to it, publish a strong addition to my prior
labours; but much too much remains to be studiedü,while, as you
know best, we can work only with fragments.
I have gathered a lot of seeds for you,hoping, that you
would still be interested, enclose howeVer today those, which I have
receivedfrom San Dieso and the southern tip of the state Califorria.
Hopefully a lot more nice material will come from there, now, that
I have a correspondend.
The one is the old Mamillaria Goodridse Scheer,which
seems to be frequent there. I took the fruit from a living plant sent
to me by mail. This species and M\Grahami are very close.
Ihe other large seed is from my Opuntia prolifera , Dut,
therefore the seeds seem to be spoiled and not able to germinate
from a spoiled fruit. They were unknown to me, confirmine anew the
strange character of the seeds of Opuntia cylindrica , and at the
same time different from all know to mes I believe they are also
the largest of the ceylindrical Opuntias. They are strangze also be-
cause they fmniculus is also woody, and still visible on many seeds
I am sending this throush Pfersdorff, of whom I have
heard nothing for years,hoping, that both of you are alive =
abd happy, and will answer me soon.
Last Fall I :btayed seeverälmmonths in the Rocky Mountains
6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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where in the upper
oppulent, specially
and most
De Du #7
of ali in
mbricata ?
resches of v many Cacti,very
Echinocereus phoenic ;, gonacanthus and
elory and
)
5
es the Opuntia arbore
©
doubted, came even
where in Aurust-September snow fell already, common,
ny alone, but
BG
Do you remenber
lands,which we foun
very fine and long
nately dead, made a
thes
him to observe
this one and
1
they do not like
another
still allvye,
further North and high in the mountains (8,500?)
+
in
brousht ma-
our hot, humid colimate,.
a strange Opuntia from the Galavraros Is
d in the museum of the Jardin des Plarts,with
spines When Prof. Agassiz,who now is unfortu -
kein (of around America, I admonished
e lAslands for cacti. He sent me 3 from there,
a
Opuntia and a Cereus (may-be multangularis) ,
tne first two are He also sent me other cacti fron
various places,e.£.
ıiarornla,
And now,
your activities
nouced that you
Does Guedray still live ? Has
Xtranslated from German
from the southern tip of the peninsula of Ca-
ir
e2
me hear soon from you about your health and
further about your family. The last lines an-
Just been married.
jith heartv
. Enzselmann
Dr, &
the 2
ä
war caused you suffering
script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988)
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved
GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
8008 Locust Sireet.
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. BOTANICAL
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7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. Dec. 22,1876
My dear collearue
LlL was very happy, to find your letter of Sept. 20 on return
from an absence of several months. You hadlfeither the cacti or meffor-
zotten), or included me in the hatred of Germans,which is sunpposed to
be strong specially with those born in the Alsace. But, all that is
past, and in your letter you show yourself entirely as the old one.
The news of Pfersdorffs death was for me surprising and equally pain-
ful; I had become quite fond of this simple and studious man,when I
got aquainted with him 8 years hack,
I go throueh your letter in sequence, Yes, let me have of’ cac-
tus seeds and fruit whatever you can; they will be of much value for
my studies. Did you receive the few seeds,which I sent to you 1 - 2
years ago throuseh Pfersdorff ? What you tell me about germination of
old cactus seed at your colleague at Belleville,was of much interest
to me and I will try to gather seeds for him; No, Mam.phellosp. is
no place in cultivation.
Your desire to obtain the entire cactus literature is quite
praiseworthy and a mishty step in the preparation of a study in depth.
As far as I could, I did the same, though literary help is not easi-
1y obtainable in this out of the way place „ In Europe however I did
copy a lot. What I could not do,and what I would have 1liked to do,you
may be able to accomplish,namely to have all illustrations, which you
cannot obtain yourself,coried.
Barmann Plumier I owm myself - what you tell me about it,is ı er
interesting,and the more so, as I have a friend,who is a reoloeist in
San Domingo, and who is interested in cacti, so that he has already
made a small collection for me,when he passed throush the peninsula
j-
*
of southern California,and carried it alonz on his mula ina small
Dr
cClgar box. Of course, it is only a little,but shows, that there ex
ist still many unknown forns.
10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
Once upon a time I r@ceived also a few cacti from there from Agassiz,
one of them a Mammillsria of strikine form,my M. Asassizi,which lives
nn nn
rum
still here. I shonld send you a specimen in Spring; your wife can per-
haps do more with it, than we can. Now, back to M.Domingo. In Burma the
Cereus opuntiodes was always of special interest to me. . Tell me more
about it according to Plumier's orierinal Lapril & Mss. Also,exactly ,
n
where it srows.,- Quite geheily, if you could tell me more details about
San Domineo cacti, my friend Gabb could possihbly obtain something.
The necessity of literature has been clear to me for a long
time,and I developed a book, where all names of cacti,authors, dates,
citations are entered,as far as I could find them.- Linneaus I have
myself and I studied Ehrenberg carefully about cacti and mexican Cco-
nifers. I also possess Scheer and a -— Ph. in his Alacama trip
is badly confused with his Eulychniz; this is a form of Cereus, com -
mon in Southamerica,and in Kew Gardens are many dried flowers (short
and long-tubed) of such form; Ph's description and illustration are
wrong. I assume, that Cereus muttahghlaris belongs here.
Yes, if you have the time, I would enjoy very much,if you would
communicate the results of your inquiries into the classification of
the Cerei o
I assume, you knew, that I had seeds of Leuchtenhereia from
Haare,and that they sprouted for me. They are perfect Echinocactus
seeds. I arree with the drawines and those of the seedlines. Your
observation about the flower ideorrectiy stated; I was only able to
examine buds,but find the same results as you. Only, I took one step
further, I did actually see a sprout on the tip of the elongated
mamilla (leaf-basis, Pulvinue), and keep the drawing of it; areoles
are many and 1" long; the sprout stands straiecht awheres the flower
appears. Your observation of axillary sprouts shows only,what we find
with many plants,that sprouts can appear on our species; thus, it
6.7 8 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
a
pens occasionally stra
Dried flowers of
Leuchten bergsia remains best
ed
Yes, send me a descripti
spines) ofEch.californicus.
By the way, I received Just
from the area of San Diego,
ieht out of wood-bundles of decapita-
cacti are much desired. -
=
this and all
separated, the is too striking.
on, drawing and specimen (flower and
Does it come perhaps from Lower California?
now arain a new,so far not described Ech
o
California,largre, and have flower &
fruit - thus, all complete, I have not yet publizised it. I will
send you seeds as soon as they are ripe. Can it not be determined,
where from E. Calif. comes ? I
de
the
send you by mail a
Flora of Galifornia,which contains the cactıiı b
overview ofthe classification of the cacti in
excerpt of Simpson's expedition to Utah and Ne
tions of Ech,. simpsoni with details and for Opu
sheet of the ne
in 308 short
yvme;s
general. Further an
vada, his illustra
The
ntia pulchella,.
T 1
m
Ech.S.from Colorado is as tall and oppulen
azo in thousandss of specimens -— but the eleva
s so hish, that it seens, it does not prosper
slonge has perished earlier or later for me and
did see it flower well 12 years aco in a local
n F
E
missourica x Mam.,ovipara flower with you
Beside, you »perhans know
s k 2 \ ’
Aravae and some other, foreien srecies ( also
This too I enclose. One described there,
A. Sha
+
ve 4
vears
tion of 8,500 feet
th US, All
friends; however,
earden. - Does Op.
one from
wii does
w
I
that I published a work about our
San Domingo),
blomm here. The photosraph will interst you and tkanspose you into
“7
in
Mexico. hear ‚that
the plant is already much distributed in Europe,
If you have flowerine Agavae I ask for dried flowers and sketches
of fresh flowers and the observations,to which
cussion.
If you do not have seeds of A.Shawii &
to vou.-
ou wilı
see from my writing,
bed the Agavae very badly.
9
copyright reserved
10
I nointed An my di
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
Sm
can ret them
that the best botanists descri-
That will now probably improve.- Did you
I broueht
a
observe these plants in Mexico ?
Since we saw each other, I have also worked on'the genus Yucca
ard obtsined very nice results. I enclose seeds of two rare, sonuth-
californian Yıccas for our celleague Martel (we have near here also
a small town of 12,000 - 13,000 peorple,Belleville I ‚which is fre -
auently called " the friendly neishbor small city" by the Germans).
The thin seeds are Yucca Whipplei,which is already in Europe, the
thick ones belong to my Y.brevifolia, the tree of the California
desert,which, I believe, is still unknown in Europe.
What kind of means does Mr. Martel employ to make old seeds ger-
minate, hot water,chlorine,or what ?
We live quietly on. I reduce my practice,make trips more often,
make them to observe, more literary labors,while my only son,who re-
turned 4 years ago from his europasan studies, came home and created
a strong practice already.
Durinz the war we heard several rumors about you, you were made
prisoner, killed, a,s,o; The last happily was not so,
One more question comes to mind. I see that Opuntia Rafinesauii
is being much cultivated in Europe. It is the most common in the
North to New England and in the West to the Rocky Mountains.
Opuntia vulearis, as I understand it, reaches all the way to New Jersey;
I found it frequentiy in North Carolina in Fall,and always very charac-
teristic. Does the cultivated vulearis Aandrthe wild-growing (actually:
"sone wild") italica always correspond with yatlıa the typical vulgaris ?
Are there botanists in Europe, who buy the dried plants ? Local
plants can be had (Missouri) very cheap; more expensive,North Cali-
forniablants,of which a collection of 200 - 300 numbers of rare and
new items is beine offered; fine specimens,
Your old friend G. Engelmann
I became aquainted with a professor of Natural History from San
6. MISSOURI
‚ BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
- 5 .-
Louis Potosi
in Philadelphia, with whon I will stay in touch.
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 19#8 )
MISSOURI
; BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
83008 Locust Street.
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MISSOURI
j BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo, Feb 23,1877
Dear Dr. Weber
Your lonz and interesting letter of January 30 gave me much
pleasure. You see this from the thick letter-package,which I mail in
reply. First, I should wait for your promised letter, but as I have
so much material, I promise a seconf letter.
First, I return to you the seeds of Opuntia with thanks inclu-
dine notes. The seed is imperfect,without embryo,and with very soft
coating; it must have been quite young. The shape may a been al -
ready that of the ripe seed, and needs further observation, but not
the base for definitive concelusions. The plant itself I had in my
section of Ovatae, of which I know only O0 vestita and - don’t laugsh -
O0. eylindrica „ Both have almost the same seeds. Do you know them, or
shall I send you some ?. The Ovatae join the Clavatae as subdivision
of Cylindraceae;- The first south-american, the latter north-american
and all the way To our territory,
That the so-called Echinocacti are thus geosraphically sepa-
Nuslisensneschebehenin nd | |
rated, you know. Are there not Echinocacti in Southamerica ? Those,
which T desienate as Rhodostigma are a separate dAivision,which be -
long rather more with Echinocereus to Cereus. What is your opinion ?
Likewise is Gymnosabucii.... a northern tribe,which lines also up with
Cereus,
The southamerican Cerei constitute their own line of forms,
which I do not understand well due to lack of material; I called them
VV
Eulychaia after Philippi,who'se original EZ examined at Kew. Should not
C. strigosus and multangularis belonz here ? Are fllowers and fruits
knowm ? I have either the same or a similar one of the Galapos Islands
from Agassiz, but, unfortunately, without flower or fruit !! Without
doubt,what Darwin compared with C.periwvianus (solely on account of the
columnar shape) I
Now,those Opuntias of Galaparos. There I am able to rive you
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
. 2 ii
: . er uw Va
better solutions. I knew well the Galapyastı,accordine to the descrip=-
, men een
tion; this is reprinted in Welpu's Repertorium vo. 2 2.354 1843,
from which I copied it into my 1listingevof cacti.But for the dra -
wine and deseription I thank very much, as thev were unknom to me,
and, thus, I could not determine my plant from Agassiz. Now, I have
no doubt any more, and can even clear up your statement.
I do possess this O0. galapageia from Agassiz and it is alive,
and I hope to be able in about a month to send you a good member,
when there is no more fear of frost. The very large,woolly (the wool
does not shed) areoles with thin,bristliy spines are very characte -
ristic. I enclose in this letter a spine-bundle from old and younger
members, -
The Opuntia, which I mentioned in my previous letter, it ano-
ther one; and the one grom by Nebon & Mrs. Yard. Pl. which we exa-
mined together in 1868,and, of which I took a few spine-bundles along,
as well as my Cabauch & Agassiz are identical. I call it O.myriacantha
(is'nt it similar to spinosissima 7? ) Our plant is weakly and I do
not know, if I can send you a piece. We will see. I enclose an entire
spine-bundle of a wegk member.
Thus I have from this farthest protruding outpost in the Faci -
#
fic Ocean 3 cacti,that Cereus and those two Opuntias.
I want to mention, that, when I heard that Agassiz wanted to
establish a station on the Galapagos Islands, I wröb&eetoohimtandihbroueht
to his attention the cacti of this geographically and plant-eeorraphi-
cally so protruding group, as I had specially Nebon's plant in mind.
ine-bundles
us
I want to remark,that with O.myriacantha the s
stand much closer together than with the others,and that the areoles
are much smaller; the members however, thinner and smaller.
Galapareia has very thick menbers,which become soon cylindrical.
u 8 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
en 3 in
will be very elad, to hear more about Ech.Californricus;s 1
20
belleve to know Just about all the cact# of our California, but it
may come from the Califorria peninsula,which, as I know from Gabb,
contains still undescribed treasures of cacti. I will be very elad
to receive also fruits and spine-bundles and a real description,
and I will be much obliged to you. How does it stand with the angle
of the perianth ? I this known, what gross mistakes are beine made
by travellinz collectore and seed-merchants.
No, I do not possess the works of Lemoine; he had promised them
to me if I would“send him mine. This I did,but he excused himself,
that his were not to be had. That I did not answer him ard that I
do not maintain a good memory of him, is natural,but, that he pe-
. that
rished so miserably, makes me sogry; I did not know it.
Don't you drye flowering cacti, which you examine ? Drawines are
very geood - but dried specimens often provide details, which one
En
Ad
did not observe in drawing.
Your remarks about the pre-opening of the Cereus flowers may be
correct. By the way, I found #kksxzwith all our Cereus, which I see
flowering, also with spinosissimus, this statement verified. Thank
you Ior pringine At to my attention, I shall watch for it At the
rare opportunity, which we have here - you too, please,do the same.
Now, if O.frutecens makes an exception to the day-blooming Opun-
®
tlas,then thst is just an exception,which must certainly be confir-
&
med- it does not eliminate the fact, that, as far as I know, all
other Opuntias open only during the noon-hour and fully open only
E 3
in älrest sunlicsht,
All remarks and corrections will as ever be most welcome.
I was most interested to hear, that you too have been occupied
with the study of Agavae. I find, that my small dissertation has
1 en 2 ) un
raised much interest,and I received responses from Beleium and spe-
6)
yo
er a 1 er o S In
cially from England frquentiy. The group with the c«
6 . MISSOURI
j BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
.. li jr
\)
almost ear-like SSSUrE.. interests me much; was hardly knom to me;
My A. Newbergei seens to belong to this. Be sure, to have a photograph
made of every flowering agave,which can be put with the drawing. The
inflorescense of’ Verschaffeltii will also be quite interesting, as
will dried flowers of it. Are no attempts of Betrrinätsobnen made ?
When the stiegma opens, 2 - 4 days after the opening of the anthers,
and exudes a large drop,then is the right time. In this juice the
pollen tube develops very well, as I have seen often and still to -
day wath the microseope .
We have just now Agave Shawilin flower. I made drawings of the
flower and the various steps of development;- From the ovaries to the
tip of the pistil they are more than 6" long when fully developed.
Only on the Uth day occurs the full development of the stigma and,
thus the possibility for fertilization; at least with this plant and
at this time of the year.
Q
Haneing ears (inflorescenses) of Azavae I have also seen in
Berlin. Dried flowers of Agavae and descriptions will always be most
welcome,although they change in drying even more then flowers of cac-
is,
Has this Arave consideranti [Species name illegible,E.D.) been
described” "Then the english name would come too late. Publication
with desceription-in a scientific opus,Journal, etc. secures priority.
Publication in catalogues does not work. Is it really an Agave ?
Are the flowers known ? What you tell me about Lechusruilla is quite
tr
interesting and I will not fail to lock for information. Amole 1s
also made from Yucca species and I doubt if Saponins is really in-
volved. Research about our Yucca had a negetive result,and your per-
centage of 51% saponin is, as I think, just about imposkible. My
examinations show only slimy material in Yucca.- Yuccas are also
beins used that way by our negroes in the South,
0) Lke” ear 0x wD ar eV.
6.7 8 ) MIıSSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ı m }
did not know, that the .„..... Ixti@& is also used
Din I
N
in lexico,assumed
it to be from Yucatan!"My information is that the fibre as well’as the
ameole, and also the Mezal (baked base of stem) is fermented by many
different species of Agave,but not by all indiscriminately." (between
quotations in english,E.D.)
(the letter continues in English)
TI send you a number of seeds (17) which I hope will produce some
zood things,though many may be too old - They will do -
(back into German )
7
I do not know, how I got into writing in english. Well, you may
then have the seeds for your seed collection. The Agavae too, as you
see, have very different seeds.
Throush my labours on Agzavae I came in contact with Prof. Todero
in Palermo and hope, much from him or rather his climate. Algier
would be even better.
Hearty gereetinss Your G. Engelmann
I hope, that the thick letter will
arrive well !
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb. 19®8$ )
10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
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St. Louis, May 9, 1877
Dear Doctor
I must ask to be excused because 1 did not ansırer the letters
of March 14 and 29 and April 10. I was too much invilved in other work
to get to it,
Many thanks for the interesting notes,which you sent along. I
return drawinges and photographs.
Further, I send one of these days a small case of live cactis:
Opuntia Kleiniae (comes from prince Salen collection,and bloomed’ here
several times,but produced no fruit. O0.
galapageia and O.myriacantha
n sp from Asassiz 1%72 brousht from the Gallapaeos Islands.-
Op. microdasys which you wanted to have (comes from Salen), O.rufida
similar to that one, I received it from Bexäso( North Mexico) ,have
not seen it flower,seems to me identical to the one so called, which
I have seen in dried state only; is certainly very close to micro -
dasys. Cereus setisrinus (Dr.Weber changed this to longispinus,E.D.)
has never flowered for me,but throush erafting and good culture friendg
make it bloom well; it is an offspring of old plants,which I received
24 years ago,..
Also I just receive a small shipment from Arizona,and, in the
hope to be able to obtain more of it, I send you the only specimen
ever brouseht into cultivation of Echinocactus polycephalus as well
as some flowers (with their wool :stmilar to ingens) „ Also, ver;
young Echinocactus,which I got from E.Johnson from southern Utah.
Opuntia arborescens flowered here freanuently,and 2 years ago
I saw it by the many thoudands in southern Colorado; in September,
with their yellow fruits they look like flowering bushes. Eecause
I thousht nobody was interested in the plant, I did not take any
fruit with me. I cut a section off here,which as with Kleiniae,
rotted when I wanted to dry it. These cylindrical Opuntiae rot or
10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
dry out very easily, and I find it best,to lay them on top of sand,
where they set roots; if one sticks them into sand, they mostly rot.
And then, you will enjoy a Mam.micromeris,which I received from West
texas. You willfing several others in the little case. All plants are
labelled and a list lies in the case.
Now about the illustrations and notes you sent. Yes, E.califor-
nicus is different from any other seen by me ; I doubt, that it is
from California. As you remark correctly, it seems to stand most close-
ly to Emoryi, of which I have also only incomplete material... A geolo-
.
.‚gist, who traversed Lower California,brousht me notes and a few spines
of cacti there; one of them A attributed to Emoryi_ ‚which could how -
ever be this one. The material is too incomplete to pubflish anything,
if one does not want to act like Scheer and Seeman's Bot. Herald,
which I om. There are 2 spine-bundles with the pattern shown alongside;
the first,with few spines,nmy witness
found rarely,only on a mountain; the
second, however,all throush the pen-
% \ insula,everywhere,. It has about 11
Ech. Emonft Eye eywysulae
Var. Nechpiyus mper strong rim-spines,the lowest of the 4
PT: middle ones is very strong and colored.
Flowers reddish, the plant to 5 feet tall; has oval, scaly fruit.
N
Brousht only one spine-bundle.
It is mean, if one has ch poor material ! E.Pottsii is totally
unknown to me,thoush I had one from Wislizenus collection.from Chihua-
hua,which I believed to be it,which, however, did not live long. Sad,
‚sad, that these plants do not get better care, the more so am I thnak-
ful to you for the dried flowers,which I will analyze as soon as I
find time.
I do owm Lemoine,Cact. nov gen & spec, but not Mono.Cat. Is
this just a gatalog or does it have descriptions ?'nor the works of
L. with illustrations.
MISSOURI
- BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
E.aranthoides looks to me much like E.Wislizeni; if,however, no spe-
cimen exists and no spine-bundles have been preserved, the name must
probably be eliminated,as no authority exists. Ech.Wislizeri is also
ball-shaned in early stagres. I zo throuseh your letter in detail and
answer sequentially.- Op. cylindrica and vestita have the same seed
formation,and if the one has short and the other long ceylindrical sec-
tions,can not be separated any more than Echinocereus tuberosus and
or can be dirided, but the name ovatus may be not fitting,
but I stuck to the old name. I do not know vet, if these Bolivian
aoracanthae etc. etc. belone here. I would be very much obliered to you
for flower and fruit of Op. dlayarioides . It was certainly a great
mistake of Selm to put C. Limensis to Echinocereus. When flowers will
. haye to
be knomm one will probablyiput it to Eplychni@z (=Cer.lanatus Humb)
I myself know few Cereus flowers (except Echinocereus) ,and am
therefore not able to classify them; only, I must put Phyllocactus,
Bchinopsis,Pfeifferi with Cereus .I did examfiije Rhipsalis carefully
and know the anatomical structure, which is described everywhere wrone-
ly. The Paris svecimen of Op. myriacantha and Galdaname is mislea -
ding. It is a Platopuntia like the other,prohably disfirured throush
shrinkare,.
Mam. Apassizii is also unfortunately represenrted by a weak spe-
cimen,which can be expected to die too; thus I can not send it. The
new Echinocereus from San Domingo has two fruit,which,howerver, are
not yet ripe. I do not send seed of Agave virsinrica to you (thoueh
I may, I want to look if fresher ones are on hand),but a small plant,
which is really better,
I send you seed of Cereus phoenie&uss(Sangere de Christo Gap) in
southern Colorado. I collected miself seeds of Phoeniceus and zonaran-
thus in 1874 at the upper Arkansas River in Colorado, but, unfortunate-
ly, can not find them just now. I enclose seeds ofCer.Emoryi from
6. MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
Pr 1 en
£r
1876 ard also seeds of two species of Echinocactus,which I obtai-
ned in a peculiar way,and don't know,from where. During my 2 months
absence last year,there arrived a broken glass with specimens in al-
cohol and without labels and without letter ( this may have heen
lost durine the turmoil in my house); in it a larre fruit of an
Opuntia and 2 species of Echinocactus fruit. I enclose seeds of both;
obviously, they lost the ability to germinate. Unfortunately, I have
im
no jidea,wherefrom they may have come; they must be labeled x,y and
Ze
About drawings and descriptions of cactus flowers I remark, that
!
they. should also be always given for the crosssection. Hereby al-
ways observe and measure: Ovarium, length and thickness (leneth to
basis of the stigma) lengbh of the space in the basis of the tube,
which is free of stamens,and forms the nectariums leneth of the tube
as far as 1t is occupied by stamens. - Length of the space from the
mass of stamens to the corona of the stamens,where this is present
(Echinopsis - Phyllocactus,some, etc). Lenreth of petals, width,nun-
ber, appearance.-. I say nothing about the exterior form,thoucsh the
perlanth leaves or scales,or areoles of the ovarium must be taken in-
to consideration,ete. Lensth of the entire pitti?F and its branches
(stigmata) I must not forget.- Many of these measurenments are con-
pllcated,and only, if one can examine various specimens,can one achieve
definitive results. With Agavae it is similar - leneth of the tube
below the seam (uppermost rim); lensth of fully developed stamens
and the anthers,length of the full-srom ptätil. More about this later.
3
The 4 central spines of Echinocactus ‚of which you speak, re-
present a pecullar problem; one can best convince oneself abont their
nature and position by bönbanfıır an older spine-bundle at the base
of an old plant with younger ones, farther up... First, there is really
only one ceritral,but above it stand 3 others,which later fprm to -
ether with 3 he 4 ig r a i i
eat = une ıT the u central spines; ın the berinnine here are no
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
5
small ones around it, they do become apparent with mature plants.
Yes, E. calif. & E.Emoryi look very much alike and the color of
the flower should not make any difference.
Seitz did a lot of prevaricating when I was in Prashfhut had fine
items. e.e. I saw there Teleryphon flowers ‚which I consider an Arlgaz
lonium (compare A.fissuratım I).
Of M,phellosp.I have already talked to you,and I must keep the
seed of which I received only a few grains in 1853. I have hovvrever
found a fruit of Op.arborescens from 187%,which I send you.Flower lar-
ger and fuller than the wellknown mexicanus,growing in millions in
on the Arkansas
southern Colorado) My Op.Wrishtil is probably = Kleiniae - also from
a
northern-most Mexico. I would like very much seeds of Op.Salmiana; it
often has fruit but I never found seeds in them. Is it really a cylin-
drical Opuntia ? The Edötorrof the flower is abnormal. We don't have it
here. May-be I will give you sometimes a list of itens, which I would
like to have.
And now to the Agavae. I already snyoke about description of the
flower above... When only dried specimens are available, one is bound to
make mistakes frquently, as the parts shrink and cannot be entirely
softened; therefore I now declare always,if the description of the flower
was taken from fresh or dried spechmens. Arave Shawii will give me the
oportunity,to give a plate flower illustration in your dissertation,
these are Aeryophilae and flower description will be of importance. -
From"specimens shipped by you of Verschaffeltii I give the following
description after drawing them,which you may compare this year with
fresh flowers ı
Ovarium (always of different length) 26,neck 5 mm= 31 mm.Tube to
base of the pistil to the insertion of the stamens :10%3,from there to
the rim 53, together 16 mm, lobes 17-18 mm; flower without ovar. 34 mm,
stamens 6 mm loneer than cronm-lobes,pistil 15 mm lonser than erom-
lobes, anther 21 mm long.
6.7 8 ) 10 MIıSSOURI
‚ BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
The buds,sent to me,with incomplete flower in the center,are entirely
unknom to me. You are not tellinse, where this bud comesifrom,if from
an inflorescense or from the axtil of a branch or bract.- I did turn
your attention to the study of bud-formation (bulbilli) and asked,to
obserVve the position. By the way, we have the same with many Allium
bulblets
species,which have only blossoms,blossoms and iu ‚or only bulb-
Dets; with some, all three combinations occur in one species ! It
may be this way with Aravae..
The description and illustration of Arave Verschaffeltii was
importart to me; I did not know it; it is the same with my still
“
9
imperfectly knomrA.Newberryi. Thus I would classify the Panriculatae
into racimiformes and thyrsoideae. A.Shawii belonses without further
ado to the latter, it does not make any difference, that the flowers
are standing denser than with Americana or even more with deserti
Baker in Garden Chrofäcle, I see,supplanted recently my clas-
sification names with the old ones Manfrede,Littaea and Euarave;
which he needs as suberoups of Agave.- Chacun secon son gout „-
(French: Everybody to his om taste, E.D.)
May Shawii and Ghiesbrechtii belonez together ? The description
of Jacobi does not fit, but he may have had a very young nlant; the
name squalideus fits better. However, it is an unpardonable error
of mine, to have created the species falcata; striata,as described
by Jacobi, is entirely my plant; and the description of the flower,
which Jacob# doubts (?),confirms this even more.- Hystrix and others
belone there too, as I suspect.
a unde
I know Bonapartea ee quite well’ with fruit,but never
saw it flower. With their round leaves they have no similarity to my
anzustissima
Yueca I have also 2 specimens and will send you one.But I do
rin an re ren
not know, if anything of Wislizenus Lemoin can ba gotten.Will see.
6.7 8 9 10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
RB: 2
I would love, if you could dry flowers of all Agavae,which are avai-
lable to yous und that in 3 stages - when they just open and the sta-
mens just push through --then, when the pistil is still shorter than
the stamens - finally,when the pistil has obtained its full leneth.
Last, the flowers are being cut open on one side and pressed (not
too strongly) when open. As said, I intend to publizise the Flowers
of A. Shawii in their development stages. The drawings have been made.
with this Agave the flowers were filled with a smweetish liquid almost
to the rim; Please observe, if this is the case with others I
I send the little case today,in which a few other items will be
enclosed. Some are entirely new itens for Europe and I hope, they will
arrive well,and that your friend will try to multiply and spread the
plants,so that they may become general property
Tell me soon of their happy arrival, Your
G. Engelmanr
St, Louise May 11,1877
All drawinsgss and photosraphs sent to me you receive back here-
ui € n r}
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988)
9 10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
oO
cr
by Dr. A.Weber (in his handwriting) attached to
Du ) -
welmann'!s letter of May 9, 1877 (date at end of letter
ut
! >
Dr. Georg En
May 11,1877)
on rieht side (in French) Mr. G. Engelmann Received by me in
June 1877
1. Echinocactus Johnsonil
polycephalus
2 Cereus phoeniceus
Op. gallapagela
_ Brigelonii 7?
- infida
® micerodasys
Cer. JiepieHne lonerispinus (Sie, ED)
Arave vireinica
Op. Pes Corvi
Op. Kleliniae
Mamill. micromeris
Op. arborescens (fruit)
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D,
3008 Locust Street.
St. Louis, Ma, Ag uf
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MIıSSOURI
: BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo July 28,1877
Dear Dr. Weber
I have two letters from you, which need answerine,but have not
been able to set to it. But, noı comes the London Gardener's Chronicle,
a garden magazine, in which Baker began several months ago a revue of
Aravae. There I find pe 40, issue of July 14 Arave scolymus mertio -
ned, and, to my surprise, A.Verschaffeltii is quoted as symonym.
Sander's Refurium botaricum V.2 t.328,which I possess, is riven as re-
ference. Now, I have a photograph by G.Thurct of Antibes of scolymus -
unfortunately’only the uprising but not yet flowering branches; But,
I do have dried flower and fruit of the sane plant from Antibes. From
this seems to emerge,that much confusion is abroad. The scolymus Hort.
Thurct is different from the one illustrated by Sauder,and arain dif-
ferent from your Verschaffeltii. However the illustration of Saunders
approaches the inflorescense of your Versch.Hoiw the one of Thuct was,
I unfortunately do not know.- Such, all kinds of interesting questions
arise,.- Can't you dry an entire branch of Verschaffeltii and other Ara-
vae for me,and if too thick,to split them lenrthiwise.as the late Thurct
sert them to me ? and then single flowers splil open.
I now go throush your letter. First however, that Baker re -
sards A.Poselgei (Lechuquilla) and A. heterocantha as different species.
Ihat may be true,but the flowers received from Munich of the latter
are completely alike those of the first. I have prospects to get the
Lechuquilla from Rio Grande: I see a small specimen here in a garden:
more are promised.- I am sorry, that I can't send you Opuntia Davisii
”
from West-Texas;it erows quite nicely for me but never bloons, same as
frutescens. I wrote for the latter to San Antonio (if nisht-florwering,
as you believe - or rather a permanent flower) ,but did not receive an
answer,»
I am glad, that the plants arrived so well - as the cost was reaso-
two made roots and grew.- Thus, it js a much-fruiting Cylindropuntia
from Arizona,and that is all I know of it.- If the good people would
only give the home country of their importations,it world help a lot
es
later, but how often does that not oecur. Have you grow Bigelonii ?
With best culture, grafting,etc. it may be developing best.
Of course, it should be named Cereus longisetus I It comes
from the same territory where Agave maculata srows,from the upper
Rio Grande,and the area near Eagle Pass = Santa Rosa. Of the latter
leaves have been sent to me recently. We had it here in culture and
flower,but lost them. Do you have it ? It is strange due to the
short anhthers.
6.7 8 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
- £ -
Certainly, Agave vireinica will stand your climate and will do
PL I Ze
better in the onen than in a not. It erows wild here and we have ten-
paratures to - 18 or 20 R. But also terrible heat, and that is re -
cessarvy for the wellbeinge of this native plant..
I see that Baker mentions the A. Consideranti (?) as A.Victoriae.
£
More in Garden Chronicle "it doubtless shonld be regarded a foreien
and aistinct group "
It is possible that my angustissina and geminiflora fall toge -
ther. Unfortunately, I have nothing but leaves.
A. maculata Regel is likely = variegata according to Jacobi's
description. What has been mentioned by H.Salen as my plant,can hardly
be determined now, but Salen did receive roots of my maculata (macu-
| Q
lata Hauk).- You speak of sceleWbut these Agavae do not die off,
equally not maculosa = vireirica - but produce side-sprouts from the
cormus. My vireiriana in the zarden blooms every year from the same
Your description and specimens leave no doubt, that (if your
plant is the zenuine from Resel)you have in front of you that,which
I consider to be variegata.And, once again, maculosa Hauk differs
from all Agavae knowm to me throush the short stamens (?) as HE. pic-
tures them and I describe them.
What you report about the sweet exudation, is of interest to
me; I had seen it in overabundance with Shawii; thus, it seems to
be universal. Strange, that nobody has said anything about it.
I do not have any live Cer,.gonacanthus,thoush I collected them
myself in southern Colorado - same with Ech.Simsoni - But as now
every year a lot of travellers for pleasure go into the territory,.
it should not be difficult to obtain live plants. It is tough to cul-
tivate Simpsoni as it demands alpine air. 8.000- 9.000 foot high I
Your G. Engelmann
August 2,1877
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb.1988)
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
83008 Locust Street.
> Be DR EIE Fr u
€ En a 2 PETER
e a e 7-6 or ei — |
AG = A —e rd u 2 — 200 Bee I — °
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Fi)
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MIıSSOURI
i BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ER
e6Z Pe in» BE EN > ——
4 Pa ren a
BE, Br 0 ET u ee =: ee Eu Fe {
Te - cr: ne DATE Y
A GAME EB €
:
TR, u
MIıSSOURI
9 10
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
fr
+
St. Louis, Mo. Aug. 21, 1877
Mv dear Dr. Weber
I only wrote to you a few days ago and there comes arain a
valuable letter from you with enclosures. I wait with answering un-
til the package arrives; for now only, that Pfarrdorffer's *" flat"
Opuntia from St. Francisco is my old friend Op. basilaris. It seens
a ne
daifficult to raise and has perished several times for me,and now I
have again quite young sprouts of which the middle menber has rot-
ted -it comes ffom a very dry area.- Did these and the next ones
not germinated ? The other "* thin-stem " (better named cylindrical)
is, as you assume correctly, O.prolifera..
Observe exactly, which Agavae die off after flowering,and which
keep on erowing and bud from subterranean parts, like Yucca filamen-
tosa. A.virginica and macnlata certainly do sosand keep erowing.
Shawii has died after blooming,but carries a number of buds. And the
seed-forming ones: will probably keep growine from side-buds as with
oO |
Yucca ®loifolia „,
I received since then the package with flowers of: Agave, but,
because I am deeply stuck in the oaks,and must use all ny free time
on them,I have not yet begun any examinations.- Of course, dry, shed
flowers are better than none, but even after they have been care -
fully made soft again, and then are compared with fresh ones,you
will find, that they will never take on the former shape; Of course,
the insertion of the filaments remains the same,but the proportions
have been changed, the parts remain shrivelled;therefor it can only
be of value to 1) to sketch the fresh flower,reraräless how simple
2) take measurements of it 3)to dry fresh flowers,that have been
split and to dry them under rather strong pressure,so that the parts
cannot shrivel too much.
Desigznate always the materials and drawings,which I am supposed
to send back;I do not know, what I may keep of what you sent just
6.7 8 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
now - or not ! A friend reports
z
westerly corner of New Mexico,
flowers only, neither leaves nor
we could have identified then so
ship. The dry blossonms I am sup»
only on account of his remarks,t
2
ahout an Arave found in the south-
which he unfortunately collected
" the many stolones",throush which
easily, and which are so easy to
-
osed to zet later. I report this
hat if one would walk when windy un-
der Agzavae, the honey-juice drip down like rain, A confirmation
made by me = you of cultivated species; I never read this anyıwherel
What I have not observed, and what you may have perhaps nore op-
portunity to observe,is, when this Juice is secreted, already before
the flower opens,or just risht after ?
As it seens from your remarks, both paniculata and seminiflora
have this juice.How about lgulirlora ? Unfortunately, my virginiana,
which in all other years ende both in pots and in the eround, are
not blooming this year. The early and hard winter was detrimental to
them as to many other plants.
Who is the author of Arave
To
Gnedeneyi Tou yourself.is®nt it wrong
to eive this JR in the zarden
r The
for acknowle :drement,
rich
with sufficient
and not to publish;you have then mo
publication must only be provided
be eiven in a respectable Journal,
etc. The leaves of Arave geminiflora (Bonapartii) seem in fact to
ArAVE | =
agree with ancustissima. That I can not sevarate tri- and auadriflora
from zeminiflora morpholorica I have already said in my work
i a y . 4 - L GERN, nu ı} my 2’rKoor
Utaensis has flowers freqauently,and I can understand,how a weak se-
A Y; En OÖ ear se
paration may exist between it and racemosis, in the meantime I search
the separation (verbatim: boundary, E.D.) in the pairness of the
flowers with geminiflora. Here is the floral position:
in the
"aa", between them is
bract, but
e principal
ahbortive'
which possibly may also develop a flower,which would
bracts stand both pricipa
axil "x"which shows at
then
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
copyright reserved
open beforekhe two "aa"; Dos
een
had the opportunity. The flowers carry a
ned, sideways small bracts "cc",which
occasionally produce in their axis later flovre
. ! ne a le I REROR
flowers "bb"; these shoır two more bracts
which I found steril always; but one
could flower etimes.
som
I already
striat
with gkXauEx,
had
5
thouesh,
identical recurva :
|—————
ahout VerschFreltii make
vations.Should the general opinion, tha
to be so different,possibly be base a
seeds ? The gardeners and collectors
u
also spokdin my last (let
Verschaffeltii with scolymus, which Baker b
sibility I would
are mostly avrils,but
.
ring
could ima; x ne,
sider my Ask
are often
ter) about possible belonging together
look for if
their base,incli-
which
ta
’
that they
alcata
Mat 18 your
for further obser-
seeds hap-
mistake or mix-up of
ur ya Tr
neriigel t.- I,
\
of
IS 13 on eVe S L Zu
8 R Rn y un & aa» m
What you communicate about the teeth is quite interesting. L0oo
bad, that the development of these plants takes
definively about th
they flower can one speak
almost
2 > 4 RER 3 I u‘
specimen to Berlin; do
with leaves 1 foot long leaves,but it does
” - #3 & ’
until now
The catalos of Pfarrsdorff,which you
been mislaid unfortunately, so that I cannot
'marks.- Thank you for correction of the
The flower of(Ech) Rhodocanthus was v
I opend it and examined it microscopically. The
mation,of which I know no analogue with cacti,
quent with many plants,has nothine to do with a
10
copyright reserved
9
eir identity.
sent,did
US®
:
ery inte
but which i
Only wh
nA “.
ie
it
y:
some time a rood
one here
forn stolonae
any
but has
arrive,
ated
Te-
synonyms.
" de
eresting
50
strange hai?
Ne] Kre —
hortive fi laments,.
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
however
mingz pad does with
I hope to he
table of
Arave
%“ı from German
19)
PACTLe
flowers and
F |
Tour
copyright reserved
the nectarium cavity,
script
as the mad ring -for-
ear from you soon again. I also want to publish
several studies of development.
Enrelmann
by Edear Denison, Feb.1988)
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M,D,
3003 Zoeust Street.
Se LU, ,% er
Ding“ ee
es‘, er ei — Kia. = Pe —T—
= . nn
Ge Me
m er ee E-F- et
10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
> Fe 7 7 7 |
EN DERSELBEN
ae ARE ne Am FrAR HE
TE
Br spa En 9° BA
j
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\
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Ben ee ARE
| MIıSSsOURI
BOTANICAL
1 2.8 4 09..B 1
copyright reserved GARDEN
Ey,
2
reker do a pietür
u Gem
‘
x Tafel
u
St. Louis, Mo. Jan. 15,1878
Dear Doctor
I have not heard anything from you since Aurust, and yet,
Gacti and Agavae a still growingi@& and flowering I I myself
have done little with it, as all my activities have been confined to
Quercus abd Conifers, but I did describe the development of flowers
on Arave Shawii and send you with this mailing a small dissertation
about it and a N At the same time I send you seeds of D.Parry,
who'se name you will find twice on labels,and who left a few weeks
back for Mexico with Dr. Palmer,who is knowm to you throush an Aga-
ve,to PR from the city (I assume St.Louils,Mo. E.D.) to San Louis
Parras,Chihuahua,and from there to the Gulf of California,in order
to gather plants (live and dried) and seeds. The first fruits of
Ns
this trip I sent you already. Is'nt it Opuntia .Tuna... ‚which
gerows in quantities, forming extensive bushes, on the sand hills
around Vera Cruz ?
A cactus enthusiast from New York sent me a specimen of a Cer-
eus „ similar to trianeularis, climbing, with air-roots, large nieht-
flower, but less pronounced winged stems and the 3 short spines are
bumpy,not situated in the incisions. The plant comes from Barbados.
What can it be ?
Let me hear from you really soon and report to me about the sta-
tus of your studies of Agavae and Cacti.
I see ‚that Baker has now finished his work about Agavae in the
Gerdener's Chronicle. Do you know it ?
Hearty grestinegs from Your G. Engelmann
Inlay - Agave Parryi - New Mexico 1877
Lilium Parryi -San Bernadino,Calif. (n.spec.)1877
Yucca filamentosa var bractata S. Carolina 1877
Opuntia Tuna ? Veracruz Parry 1877
(translated from German script"by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988)
9 10 MIıSSOURI
j BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
8003 Locust Street.
>. an de Au, ea
A ya — ae ke - u En. aa] En TE
ut m a al HT m
£
. L Ä
SEE Errain = ZH _ RR, .
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ge =. —L_ ee Bei er, va
Ze Be, a4 De > = Be Le, 2 no
En > BE ,
Ar oe DRIN Br Gaza, ee |
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128
8 e) 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. June 20,1879
My dear Dr. Weber
Over a year we have not heard from each other and Lam guil-
ty. It was a hard, difficult vear for me. During the tremendous heat
of the Summer my wife took sick and I had to go with her to Lake
Superior, a refreshinge and northern climate. There,she recoverd to
some degree, but when we came home Re a severe rheumatic fever
forwed me into bed and for 2% months in the hause. Before I could
ro out again, my son:sbecame violentiy sick with blood-poisonring (an
injury durine an autopsy ), lost a finger, and is recovering only
now after 6 months. Durine this I lost my good wife, who died in
January; I cannot eet over it. All this - and I am over 70 years old-
has made me unable to work, that may exvlain to you and. excuse,why I
have not written,
Despite all this, I saw durinr this period 3 Agavae in
flower; the flowers of filifera and geminiflora were brousht to my
bedsite; but I was able to study them. Agave Parryi however flowered
%
here last month,and I made a thoronsh examination, and had it photo-
graphed. One specimen is reserved for you,as soon as I can hope,that
it will reach you securely..
Further, I have a number of seeds for you,wnhich you should
have had already in March, but it did not work out. Cacti,Aravae,
Yuccae;also Beschorneria.
You know probably, that Asave Rerinae Victoriae has been shipped
in masses to Europe (Zurich ?); D. Parry could not obtain flowers now
frults, brousht me only some leaves with their strange tips,which,
by-the-way - vary.-Besides the two known columnar @erei (marzeinatus
and geometricans he brousht flower,fruit and drawines of a third,large,
much-branched with spiny fruits from San Luis,which you certainly
know too. What may it be ? His Mamillariae contain beautiful forms
6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
{
of aulacothele (?) possibly Coryphanthes
L7
I write this only in order to get
to know what you are doing,and what you
wr | La! rs rn
Aravae. Your G. Enzrelmann
I 24
Your last letter of January 31.1878 1
answer N0oW.
no n0%
Remark
been killed by the Caffi
ee 198 used t
=) lost
aAtTıBda, Eds.
The newspapers report today your
>
= 1)
| Fu BR |
Ka
e
ribe unciY
xt with
much
its
’
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb.
prince
i hr rn
tn
recently.
an answer
from you,.
done with Cacti
ft
e
1 © dw WOT q
lized people,
e tcaffirs of
u
1988 )
5 6 .7 8 9 10
copyright reserved
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
3003 Locust Street,
BE— yo SL I- ADD
>
ut 47
3
A en Be ar
a Ya = = L c
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Gn.
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1 2 3 4 5 6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
we fps 6 war Zr
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nn Az A BAT
Be 2407 - m— me Kr De
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PS 2:0 FL _ nt Fa EZ —
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MISSOURI BOTANICKHT GARDEN
GEORGE ENGELMANN PAPER$
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo,. April 4, 1880
Dear Dr. Weber
Your last letter I received’ at the beginning of 1878 and
answered during the Summer of 1879. I was then in a sad’ mental and
health state, but I do not know, if my letter came into your hands,
as I hear now from Strassburg that you are not any more in Lvons,
These lines are supposed to be a query, a probe of your
life and doing,and, specially about your interest in our favorite
plants and your studies of them.
My om efforts have made little progress since the long
interruption in our correspondence, but I carry still materals and
observations together. Thus, I received now fruits of the Yucca
(Palma),which is so abundand near San Luis, which I offer you elad-
ly as well as an Agave from there. Here, with us, an Agave Parryi
flowered of which I had made a photoeraph. And now I receive young
plants of the Agave Victoriae Resinae from Monterey, to which you
directed my attention first. Fruits and other material are promised
me shortiy,as well as a large, floweringe plant.
I further would like to know how you feel and to reconnect
as much as possible ouf scientific connection. Let me hear soon from
you
Hearty gereetings, Your G. Engelmann
(translated from German script by Edear Denison. Feb. 1988 )
10 MISSOURI
- BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
wer
R
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
3003 Locust Street.
=BINLomis; Mos ln A 1070
Pen, ET ER ID.
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10 MıSsoUuRI
ö BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. June 11, 1880
My dear Dr. Weber
After receivine your letter of April 5 I waited in vain for
a continuation. You were probably too much involved in your moving.
Now I write you, to tell you, that finally I am going to California,
and that I will there and in Arizona,which can be reached from Ca-
liforria by railraod,Finslly get into the land of the cacti and Aga -
.n
vae. It is understood, that I shall also think of you. In the mean-
time I received’ from the californian desert specimens of the up to
now mysterious: Opuntia Bigelonii; a very strange plant, and a new
Mamillaria,which is very close to vivipara, M. deserti, both to be
described in the papers of the California Flora..
Further, I received a flowering-size Ag. Victoriae Regiae
and old flower stamens and fruits, Little of seeds: there, of which
I enclose some, I, now, could give a full! description, which you!
will find in the next Garden Chronicle,The flowers very tieht in
threes: -— otherwise a genuine Littaea or geminiflora (but this time
tenuiflora !)
‚With the items from Monterey was also Mamillaria micromeris,.
and it flowers here and pushed off it's red fruits of the previous
year,of which I enclose some for you, Cultivate them !1.I sacrificed
one specimen and found, that the flower arises from the tip of the
ıseeds of
still very small tuberole = Ankolinum II also enclose\the Echinocac-
tus brevihaemitus from Monterey and possibly not different from:
Scheerii. Several flowers received a year ago from Mexico from San
Luisye.g. several Mamillariae with glandatın the axillae (Auldcoo -
thelve,®hich stand very close to the Coryphantae
Both Galapagos Opuntiae do well here and I will be able to re -
place the Galapageia. Do you have Cereus pectin aborieinorum ?
2. i_
Here, all of it has perished,;, as also Palmefl.I a that we
10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
had Agsave Parryi in flower. A photograph of it is at your
ser
ice,
I am very anxious to hear all you havdto say and renort,when I
et back in zood health from the mountains
and the Pacific Ocean |!
I will stay away at least 4 months and, may-be, the entire winter,
but mail letters for me over the previous a
Thus, beein again to work I That is th
he A
pain and loss,
Hearty greetings, Your G«
Opuntia ?’Peirescia ?° Cereus ?
I am specially eager for your seeds of
best remedy against
Engelmann
Catamaris. Enclosed,
besides the ones mentioned above; an Agave,which I cannot classify,
and, thus, call A.gracilispina for its very long and
thin spines.
. ” er
San Luis Potosi. Yucca a inalinal E93 from lexas.
Yucca from San Luis,large thick tree,named Palum China,which,
unt:tı
I know better, name Yucca China, without doubt already in cultiva -
tion but not in fruit nof blossom,or known at all full gerown.
Another with larzee leaves there is called Yuccaloca
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb,
5.:.6 .7 8 9 10
%
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
1988 )
copyright reserved
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ö BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
MISSOURI
i BOTANICAL
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Empire City, Colorado Auscust 18,1881
My honored Friend
»
ee
Here in a lovely valley of the Rocky Mountains I answer your
letter of May 27. Soon after receipt of it, the severe heat in St.
Louis chased me away,the more so as I had suffered 2 months from a
had, zout-like rheumstic fever, from which I could not recover well.
I received your letter shortly before my departure and I looked at
the collection of seeds in it only casually; The letter itself I took
along, the seeds lie at home.
Why did you not write last vear; I could have sent you a mass
of material from California and Arizona, believed however,tharks to
your silence,that you had given up on EGacti and Agavae. By the way,.
I brousht with me many (or at least) several Cylindropuntias,which
er)
ws
®)
x
Pin
cr
Bun 7
3
are growing and of which I can send to you netime,thoush these plants
ship worse than all the other types of cacti; most of them dry up;
should one send entire,old plants rather than single branches ? I
myse 1f
did collect mostly \zuxck and broueht them home, young plants or sections
which had fallen to the eround and took root. Also, I have again the
poorly Yalyed but beautiful Opuntia basilaris. Does it exist in 0,9
The large Opuntia from Galapragos (0O.Galoparii ?) and myriacantha
live with us and erow well.
Yes, I had a lovely trip,but it was unfortunately too short,into
the cactus territory of southern Califorria and Arizona; in the latter
country I found a Yucca, similar to baccata ‚wrnich I consider a new
one and described as en ee £ sent seeds to various institu-
tions in Europe and, also, to Prof.Decaisne in the Jardin des Plants,
also Yucca elata,formerly named by me Y. aneustifolia var. elata, a
mafnificent plant with an 58 foot high stem and a flowerine shaft of
8 - 10 foot hirsht - well differentiated from Y.anzcustifolia;also
seeds of Agave Palmeri. Further many cacti,specially Opuntia seeds.
6. MıSssoUuR!
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ID
You ask about the Opuntia, which I sent you as O.Bigelonil.
I cultivated it several years; it remalned,
4 a ar Bug 3
ly small,thin and bushy; now, I have lost it. .It was noßs, or,rather,
we & 7 : x UL nn ymarype u 4 ; s b
is not Bigrelonii but rather O0. fuleida,the larget (12 - 15 foot hieh)
and tree-like,carryine a large crowm from Arizona
proliferating fruit. One of
came the specimens, But, it remaln
n a le m ; En 2
they develon better by erafting f
I also found a few new Cylindropuntias,!
era Au
bed them. O0. Whipplei, which
have seen now as a 8 foot hish shrub in the South
Bigelonii, correctly described and illustrated
the wild; one of the most outstanding 4
grew for
s a nvstery, why
by me,
with fleshy,mostly
me and from that
„lan war
Vi ‚Y a
aaın
have not yet descri-
T knew orly as a low,northern shrub, I
of Arizona;
i saw also ın
received from Mexi-
co flowers and fruits of tunicata and know now their entire history;
but you can't believe what efforts and m
T
got there, and specially patience. Wi
FL
can't get anywhere,
constructing railroads,
in
1
be t065 8108 tier!
With that I remember your statements about
from them, however, I can not find Where
u
slarıty,
Schiebendanz, in what city ? or in what direction
a larger, known eity ?
Pr |
You th and
say, you named such such.
”
e cacty
#
1
-
them and publish them ? This would be necessary,
mains an unknowm, privare enterprise. lost to sci
ar
1
any thanks for your notes; I do not have t
them. ... Opmuntia Kleiniae has flowered in St. Lo
flowers; they are still in cultivation. I spoke a
6
7 8
copyright reserved
even when they are much oblieing.
and riecht away severa
or 2 years it will be quickly accessible;
had to undergeo,un-
those lazy Mexicans
Well, we
4, ınto
ha =
that Sountry;
if only I would
mexican localities
;
is really your Mr.
and
distance fron
{ns Pe
34
Ar
you describe
otherwise it re
he tine to analyz
uis and rose-red
|
.
hout Op. Bigrelonii;
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
Why that thing remains so diminutive, I cannot understand.
Arizona is now accessible by railroad and is being travelled by bota-
so that these itens can be had easier in the future. Since this
nists,
Spring a rail goes from St. Louis directly there and on to Califor-
nia,which opens the most interesting areas for cacti. I have seen
Cer. ziranteus by the thousands, but, unfortunately,it was too lat
for seeds, I will get for you an Asavae wvireinica it 18 NOT rare
near St. Louis
The Opuntia seeds you sent along are very strange and I shall
study them carefully next winter. In any case, some show that there
are forms which I did not know until now, and that one may not cre-
ate systems based on limited resources of observation. I must have
told you before, that a half -ripe fruit of Peirescia - subulata i
received from Palermo, is definitively an Opuntia. I believe, that
others have already called it Opuntia subulata,based on a few cer -
tain symptons,.
Of Cereus setispinus I have only that one specimen.. I had hoped,
that you could propagate yours,
I send you at the same time a small package with some small spe-
cimens of Echinocactus Simpsoni,which here around me,and in part with-
%
in the small towns is common. You find also seeds of it in the pack-
age. It erows on gerarite rubble and eravel in old moraines with very
rich, black,“fertile soil between the gravel, and will demand so-cal-
led heath-earth between eranite-sravel. I also found one, which was
flowering by accident,the fruit had fallen off. The flowers. of those
\
that bear fruit are 3 - 4 " in diameter. We are here at 8,500 ' ele-
n Winter, with deep snow, without
Fr’
vation,the air is dry, very cold
creatine much wetness. I,therefor, do not know,how to cultivate these
plants in the best way.
Now eood-bye to these altitudes,where besides the Echinocactus
% her in Souhem Olorado, ED:
8 9 10 MIıSSOURI
i BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ae &
we have also Opuntia missouriensis,
h ,
to 8t., Louig
FRE ve: )
Won't vou send me at least a nostal card[to announce the
arrival of the small shipment,
Your G. Enerelmann
You have no idea, how tempting it is, to go from here,
where I am already half-way there,to & ko Arizona; I
eaula ao At in 2 or 3 days.
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988)
MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
er ; . u Ki —p FR
MISSOURI
_ BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
m Bear Ta er
en te er
Ab ro BITTE u oe
2, nr a u FR a. Fe
Fe
Br Lu BE 2 OA
were Er 0mgehale
LE Dr. Come:
eh u a IE c. 7a
IR Be T— LEN er
In mn nt e- see Ser we
9 10 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
N
\
N,
'
RR
\
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MIıSSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
%
10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. April 6,1%82
My most honored Friend
Of course, I did not receive your letter in Colorado, which
I had left lone ago; but it followed me here. I am delishted, that the
Echinocactus Simsoni seems to begin grwoth;it sgrows very poorly in
cultivation; may it demand more moisture. Where it grows, it is co -
vered the entire winter with snow, but there is very little rain in
Summer,but frequent, With me, it has alırays perished.
Today you receive seeds for a new,interesting Echinocactus
which I name xeranthemoides; The calyx leaves
ei
shinyylike a Xerenthemum or Helychrysum, but ui, yellowish. I have
only one fruit and one spine-bundle. It is closely related to my E.
polycephalus and most likely just as difficult to cultivate; it
comes from the boundary of Utah and Arizona.
Further I enclose seeds of Cereus triglochidiatus,which I
Y
collected myself in New Mexico. I prefer the name,which was given
later but is better, C.gonacanthus, as the number of spines with
edges is mostly more than three. It is a fine, strong plantwho'se
De
bushes I found below conifers at an altitude of 7,000 - 8,000 feet.
The? you receive 2 Platupuntiae,the one from Arizona may be
my O.angsustata. The other I assume to be 0. Camanchida from South -
Colorado,which looks to me almost like a robust form of O0. Rafines-
I have nothing new of Agavae. Would you be interested ina
. Sisalama? This long-leaves,spineless form is very stri-
king. It is about time, that I start a new treatment of our cacti;:
I got so much material and so much to improve of old items,that it
would be a worthwhile labor,and, besides, there is nobody, who cares
week about them and is occupied scientifically with them; and how
1onz will It be, wien my activity too will come to an end {I
6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
ch
3 m] am r I gs mnm‘ : x
Is Cer.Thurberi and speciall
SE alive and mu
zumpin “ % 1. en 2 F Pe - en nen | m u a) Fa‘ ee hu a.
Those areas are now being opened throush railroads and the
€.
aame
Nie n Ky
in !lexico and our successors will
R} R ” ae ,
heve it easlier To
Bin du 1, no v
roam throush the
land. Let me hear throush a few lines about the happy arrival of
the seeds and your owm wethei
Pen |
u)
ER |
©)
er.
and activity.
4,
% a
learty ereetines, Lour
{
at
ı. Enzelmann
(translated from German
seript bv Edgar D
JR U HE RE RE DE RE EEE "1
6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.,
3008 Loeust Street.
=
S2. Louis, Mo., LG, EA 187 2
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en PLA ee? |
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| . BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
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j BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
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MISSOURI
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MISSOURI-BOTANICHL GARDEN
GEORGE en PAPERS
MISSOURI
7 8 9 10
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
May 21,1882
21
Mv most honored Friend
r Today I received your letter of May 2, you will have
found out long ago, that the Opuntia is clavata. 1 seeds and
Lr)
Pag |
Due
a spine-bundle of the fruit! of the St.Louis "Pitaya". I have your
Cereus Queretarensis,and find the seeds and specially the spines
and spine-bundles somewhat different, However, they belong probably
together, Growth of Parry's plants much branched,20 - 25 feet high,
branches stronely upricsht.
Now more about Agavae. I received from West Texas monntains,.
W
which border on New llexico entire fruitine sten of
leaves which surprised me hishly. Even flowers were there, and, af-
ter exact examination I found, that they belone all
73
Arave heteracantha (Lechusuilla,Poseleesi) ,but differ
the streneth of the stem or shaft; shafts to up to 10 feet high and
13 inches thick; or only 4 feet and % inch I Leaves 13 - 3 " wide.
But the most beautiful is the inflorescense; while normally flowers
1
[2
emerge in pairs, in single specimens they come in 3 and 4.- That
had seen already, and did not astound me; - but from the richest -
flowering luxuriant specimens arose a lot of small side-branches,
about 3/4 * long when developed,which carried 5-8-10 flowers.The
branch stem was smooth as with A.paniculati; the entire,dense
fruiting body had a diameter of over 3 ". The entire story reminded
Le;
nn
er
S think I
me of your A.Verschaffeltii,as you describe 1t, will send
you for the best a side-branch); so that you yourself may be astoun-
ded. My correspondent declared it also as an Agave paniculata |!
But came to the conclusiom throush his om comparison of many spve-
plant not different from the
was
cimens,that
ang tnar 18 way ıt 1a,
10
copyright reserved
two-flowered forn;s
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
I enclose seeds of this two-flowering formsand hope, they will
germinate. A.Wislizenus also sends them; it is common in the same area
and I enclose also some of those seeds. Further a grain of Cereus
margeinatus, which are very tall. It is supposed to carry seeds very
rarely. A travelling friend sent recently to my great joy a small ,
flowerine cactus,in which I recognized the long lost Mamillaria
papvracantha, found only once 35 years ago; It is, as I assumed,
| . also
a true Echinocactus, to which without doubt the M.micromeris must\be-
: 7
long,and consequentially also the Ancheloniae I With all of then,
J
the flower emerges from the tip of the just forming tubercle, and the
seeds have much in common,
>
MissovuriensiSdioes exist with us,but did not flower asrein. By all
means send me seeds ofCereus serpentinus,but in such .a way, that they
I}
won't be squashed by the cancellation stamp.
Opuntia angustata is a doubtful species; it is said, that in
-
the sun the members become short. I, mysekf, hardly grow any cacti
any more and would not know, what to do with Cer. Palmeri
Op. Missour. fragilis as well as othersCylindropuntiae I pro -
arte
bably can send you in the Fall; now, it may be too late. Several of
the ee which I broueht from Arizona are erowine on,but are still
weak and cannot be divided. Also, the two species from Galapaecos are
still here in Shaw's Garden; where however the cacti do not prosper
or are not being cared for well.
| I will have to send you ah entire small case, in it also “hoeth
Florida Agavae.
A.Sisalana is a proliferating A._paniculata ; Miradorcus is,.
as far as I know a gzeminiflora, and here belongs also A. Victoriae
DS
Resiae,as I believe, I announced to you a long time back. We have a
larze specimen here, which however has not yet flovwrered.
9 10 MISSOURI
j BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
And now stay well and answer soon
Greetings from Your
G. Eneelmann
we
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb. 1988 )
NT I I II u EEE i |
5 6.7 8 9 10 MISSOURI
ö BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
> 7,
L E, rs
OHR MD a
GEO. ENGELMANN, M.D.
8003 Locust Street.
Som Lou 20, Pau Hs a a ee 1852
SE PS En |
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Fe se IE a
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BR a a Wh Bea
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MIıSSOURI
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BOTANICAL
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MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
DE EEG LE DL Are Sg Ct;
en Rn ZE
< arg RE
MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. Aus. 5, 1882
Dear Dr. Weber
I should have answered your letter of June 10 long ago, but
it was pushed off, sqeezed out by the daily business,
First, it was a mistake,that I positioned that Cereus in
Saltillo,it came from San Luis,where it is being cultivated as: Parry
writes - not wild, but commonly growine in the mountains.. The fruit
sets on the market as Petaya, mine came dried, but was quite tasby.
To correct my error and to clear up the matter as much as
possible, I send to you the sketches of Parry with the request to re-
turn them. If we could obtain all those cactiwith dried specimens and
descriptions and drawings of the fresh specimens, we could soon re -
cognize the species correctly. But there remains always the difficul-
ty to determine under what names they appear with possibly pityful
specimens in cultivation and books by Pfeiffer,Salen or others,
Yes, I know well, that you wrote about Agave Verschaffeltii,
but I considered the inflorescense much more as a panicle contracta
rather than a srica expansa; but. in the end it comes out to the :
the question is, if Verschaffeltii_ does always have such multi-flowered
short branches of the ear ("ear",like an ear of wheat,E.D.). With my
A. heterocantha from West-Texas ( of which I received one of these
days a fine,live specimen. We are now 2 or 3 days by railroad from
these areas and the South with several lines, of which at lest one
reaches across the Rio Grande) - - thus, A. heterocantha is mostly
regularly geminiflora ("gemini" Latin = a a. ioyera #0)
And the oririnal in Munich flowered the same way ( I saw dried spe-
cimens in the Munich herbarium) but once in a while a twiglet seens
to produce % or more flowers,and with this one specimen, were small
branches,broad, pressed flat,like with a true pani:o»l'tis,which had
h > ”.
u ————
up to 10 blossoms. I can send you one, if you want. At the same time
9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
- 2 je
I received from the same industrious collector recently several young
Arave Wislizeni, which he found frequently in West Texas. Of these
‚you shall have one.- Do you also want younz ones of sisalana and
iegeida and a medium formy which were sent to me recently from South
3
Florida. This correspondent in West Texas is a military doctor,who
is stationed there at various boundary posts and frequently travels
throuseh the wilderness with expeditions.- A. Dr. Havard, a born
Frenchman, if I am not mistaken.
In the Fall I will send you these items, as well as Op.missou-
riensis. Do you have from me Op. Davisii, which I atrers, auch a
lone time,and which nobody has ever provided for me in flower or fruit I!
I can also send you my Op. rufida (closely related to microdasys)
Op. basilaris, O0. fragilis, 0.Utahensis,0.rutila ( probably a red-
flowering form of Missouriensis). How ? The postal service accepts
larger packages as Packet-express,which also is not exvensive, That
is supposed to begin later,but in October,
With the things, which Parry sent then were also the two (only ?)
specimens of Echinocerei, which grow in the interior of Texas. As the
flowers- had never been described and the plants poor,I had difficulty
je
to determine them. But, I believe to be certain now, that the one is
Cereus einersscens DC,the other C, acifer. The first is much eaten
(i.e. the fruit) under the name Alilcöche, in San Luis, and has violet
[7 u]
or rose-colored flowers,which are open only during the day; the other
has red flowers, always open and no edible fruits. My Cer.stamineus
€
may be the same as the first; it seems to be equally common near
Sellillo,Panas etc, and also near Mexico. I enclose here an old (1878)
fruit, and may=-be the seed will still germinate,but, I believe, that
the plant is often in cultivation..
6 .7 8 9 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
on 3 [0 02
Hayes and Schmidt must have good correspondents; I called the
Opuntia Tusconensis and Bernadina only to aquaintances, never pub-
l1izised - and they have already seeds, If it is not the seed,which
I sent to botanical gardens in Europe |!
The label, which I return, says "in market" - sold on the nar-
ket. I an still so unclear about our and the neiehbouring mexican
gwacti, that I do not want to consider at all those from Chile or
Argentine. By the way, I did long ago see at Kkew the original spe-
cimen of Philipp's Eulychnia and examined it, It has been described
by him very perfunctory,if not to say wrongly,and belonges to a divi-
soin of Cerii,which does not seem to be rare in Southamerica with
thick,long, brown wool in the axils of the sepals. It is certainly
not different from Cereus, but one may retain the name.of this sec-
tion,if other marks besides the wool become knom.
I am gelad, that you liked the Op. clavata; I have planted it
also into the open, it swells up but makes hardly a small,miserable
erowth,which however shows, that the leaflets are extremely small,
not a line Ti 7 E:D.) lonz,
:& 2 / ‘ r; f” “ >
Of all the Cereus species Forter Halmer, purberi I have
>
never seen seeds or specimens. Giganteus I have seen by the thousands,
but without flower or fruit (September). No, keep the specimens,which
you have and take care of them'and multiply them,we are not equipped
here for advanced cultivation sand I know of nobody who would have
special fondness for them. If the To which you have, is the
true one ?’Yes, by all means send me the seeds of Cereus serpentinus.
It flowers here well each year,but does not set fruit;, whereas tri -
angularis fruits well; also at times C„.princeps (from the mouth of
the Rio Grande,Matamoros,where there is now yellow fever). Is the
name "princeps"correct ? I illustrated the fruit and seeds in Boundary
Cacti under the wronz name variabilis,
10 MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
But now, enoush for today |!
201 o x
Moaoamrrı traomatr3Y 7 r
Heartv Greetines Your
Pf “ a 1.% i . r “ En
My son with his summer vacation trip in Europe,
»
specially in W3
lm your address, He is a doctor and made gynocology his prime
€ h Nam ae ee } en pi Ps RER E35
is also aquainted with eynocologeists in Paris
(translated fı
rn N w nr
se :-marn BGLTN pt
i Edgar Denison, Feb. 188 )
9 10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEo. ENGELMANN,M.D.,.
Sy Zonrs, Mo... 23 Fan BEN 1848
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MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
copyright reserved
St. Louis, Mo. November 25,.1882
Dear Collearue
IT don't know now, where I am supnosed to write,and you would
vour address
have done well, if only you would had let me MR = postcard,as soon
as you knew. In the meantime, it will happen with this letter as with
your last one,which followed me from place to place until it reached
me finally; but I returned home too late, to be able to send you the
desired items;that, thus, must be post} poned until next Spring. But,
I will enclose a few thinegeszalso seeds of Agave virginica, which I
received as well as a plant a week ago; they grow 10 -— 15 miles from
Now I want to tffeat particulars of your letter. Thank you for
returning the sketches and your remarks about them, . That the seeds
germinated, is very nice,I hardly expected it. I cannot get now to
the treatment of the cacti,and, thus,the plant, which I received from
Parry, of which I have complete material,may have to be laid ad acta..
Thank you for the large seed of Cer.serpentinus ; if I had more
’
of it, I would analyze it; but as is,l do not want to destroy it. it
flowers here often enough but has never set fruit.In contrast, I found
on a Cer. triangularis here a number of good tastine large fruit. I
assume, you know the seed of this.
Ihear now, that a commercial gardener in San Francisco,F.A.Miller
has sent seeds and plants of cacti to Europe,also other plants (dried)
tubers, bulbs and seeds,. Merchantshave started business in California,
so that the products of this area may become auite available.For Mil-
ler I identified a lot of Cacti,Cypresses and such.
wid, Opuntia seeds I have the same experience as you,they gerni-
nate sometimes very late.I do not deal any more with their cultiva -
tion,as I have neither time nor good oportunity for it;but if I can
distribute the seeds, I do this with pleasure.
6 . ' MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
y on 2 en
1
I already wrote to you about the two Echinocerei from San Luis,which
are common elsewhere,acifer andceinemäiscens, which I knoir well in many
forms(with spines, which are quite variable);the scarflet- red acifer
is quite different from the violet or rose-red cinergdscens,of which
: x
I sent you seeds. A number of cultivated forms may belong here;possi-
bly also my stmamineus
Yes, I had not thouseht of pectinatus and subi iS, eaually
.not of Bolandieri and prostrata;s- pentalophus, Ehrenbereii1,Blankii
and others I do not know and they may be vperhaps ke synonyms of the
above; that they all vary much in spine formation,you know as well as
onzisetus I gave to a garden,and there it does worSe thanfrith ne.
Since 20 years it has only a weak sprout emerging from the base,while
that of the previous year has died off;.thus it vegetates,but I cannot
send anything. You did not seem to fare bed&ter or rather worse.
I could put you into shock about Mam.micromeris, by ‘telline you,
that I find analogies even with Melocactus; e.g. the flowers thensel-.,
ves:and the ephemeral, club-shaped spines: of the flowering part of the
plant. I did study Melocactus well’ ,thoush my material is not rich..
The sad part 18, that, if one gets to see a Melocactus in flower,one
does not zet the chance to dissect it,. However, I do have dried mate»-
rial,which does show me the transitionm’from the spine-bearing to the
flower-carrying part of the plant,and proves that spine formation
ceases entieely at the inflorescence, not beine modified.,.
I am glad, that you have Opuntia Yutila; I had it several years
in the open and in a cold winter it perished; I had raised it from
seed. I, now, have a correspondent in San Bernadino,who, though a
farmer, is interested in botany and also cacti; he has cultivated a
number of the cacti there, and I shall send to him,what is not doing
well for mes»- but not just now the unhappy longisetus.
You leave Paris and will have to install yourself anew. Rouen is
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
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u 3 es
a big city,close to Paris, and may be agreable to you,but in Ko
thern France you could take care of your ca&& much better. I am
anxious to hear from you. Hopefully, you do not wait for this letter,
and send a few lines already earlier. I hope most, that this letter
will not be lost but will be able to find you in another camp
guarter,.
Mv son could stay in Paris only 3 days,and he was therefor
not able to look you up,which he much rezretted. I enclose seeds of
Arave vireinica, A.maculosa, A,deserti ?,wnhich I just receivedi from
Lower Califorria (may-be, it is also a different species) and from
the new Cereus gummosus,also from there ‚which has also a spiny’fruit;
It erows lyingz on the ground,its thick menbers are too soft to stand
uprisht and seems to droop over stones and tree-stumps.
And now, stay well for today and let me hear from you soon
Your G. Enzelmann
(translated from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988 )
meeE BERBSERR
6 . 89 10 MIıSSOURI
, BOTANICAL
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116,086
GELMANN, M. D.
3003 Locust Street. ö
„2,
Anl A ehbe 188 3
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j— ng a FE "
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MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
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z nu ER Va F iv N HM
St. Louis, Mö, .March 15,1883
Honored Friend
When your letter of Sept. 6 arrived here I was on an extendet
tripvand could not answer right away and, even less,, send the desired
plants, Somewhak belated, I wrote then on November 23 with the address,
as previously, Military Hospital, Vincennes, expecting that youf then
address would be known there, and the letter be transmitted to you.
But,that does not, as it seems, to have happened’ as I am totally with-
out news from you.
I had enclosed in the letter some seeds of Cactus and Agave,,
and written to you, that I would send everyt
and now it would be hish time for that,but I am without any news from
youw!and do not know where you are stationed now..
The Agave vireirica, which grows 10 miles from here,I have
2
obtained for youmand you shall have it with the other itens,as soon
as I know, where to send then..
I an lines, which I send to Mr.Vilmori, will et to
you and hope for an answer soon...
Most cordially, Your
G. Engelmann
Dr. A. Weber, Ancien medecin en Chef de 1'ospital militaire
de Vincennes,
si
(translated from German script by Edear Denison, Feb. 1988 )
-
e) 10 MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN,M.D,
3008 Loeust Street.
St. L6Mis,yM., AR
| 5 EISL- sn # 7 —
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MISSOURI
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een Krim au auIIT Mımrma
GEORGE-ENGELMANN DAPERS
8 ) 10 MIıSSOURI
ü BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St, Louis, Mo, May 13, 1883
Dear Doctor:
I received your letter a week ago. Many thanks for it. Un -
fortunately it is too late this year «to shtp plants, that should
have been done 4 weeks ago. However, I could not have handle 16%;
because I have been sufferine the entire Winter,and can accom-
plish only little. I intefd, if my strength permits, to travel
next month'to Burope,and, and, if possible, to restore my health
throueh this ocean voyages;s itis however very doubtful, if I can
see vou in the distant Rouens but I may be able to hear more of-
ten from you.
I can imagine, that you are much occupied,but you could have
mailed me a postalcard in reply to my letter of November,and in -
form me about your residence,shipment of cacti, etc. Then I would
have knowm ‚where I stood.
That my Cereus (Cact. of the Boundary) is not variabilis ,
I knew a lonz time and corrected the mistake; it-is without doubt
bg
princeps according to Pfeiffer. But if it. is pentagonus_ Linsei,
ar
is very doubtful for me. At least, I observed a Cereus in flower
last year,which I considered to be pentasonus,which, however, is
very different from my princeps. Here enter again the old, poor
descriptions and, therefor, the difficulty to identify the old
species. This Cereus has ( as princeps and variabilis ) flores
albi erandes nocturni,but the ovary is not covered with scales;
my princeps has only spine-bundles on the ovary and variabilis
has very few scales. Further, pentarzonus as well as variabilis
have a corona separated from the other mass of stamens, whereas
princeps has stamina continua. I do not know the seeds of penta-
gona, those of the other two differ much from each other.
Princeps is more common on the lower Rio Grande,while I know no-
MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
by
A
seript
son, Feb. 1988 )
Veni
ron German
r
rr
Edga
(translated
thine of the home-land of the other two. My pentagonus
loses its wing-edges with age and the stem is nearly round,
whereas both the other kind retain their rips,even in age.. But,
as said, I really do not know, if that is pentagonus „. Others
after us must study flowers and fruits better than we,and, then
only can species be determined.
What concerns Mamillaria senrilis, it must be a delishtful
subject. Tube squameus points to Echinocactus - but bi -
seriate stamina belonzr only to Echinocactus - How and where do
- ; “
the flowers develop ? I hope. you dried flowers and can send me
sometime an entire mamilla with its spine-bundle. Mam.phello -
spermal have seen in flower - it is a true Mamillaria, äs well
as the red protruding berry,entirely as the genus.
i a0 not krow, Af Z sent you szeede 9f Cer: Giganteus
and as well! better and fresher
from last year;Anyhow,here are some aftxkkazxkaxkxandxtrexkask
seeds of Cereus eummosus from Lower California.
If you kept your word,I will get a letter from you here;
but'after receipt of this letter, do not write any more to this
place,unless you get further news from If I really travel,
I shall write to you as soon as I arrive in Europe.
Until then heartiest eree
Your G. Enzelmann
I may have mentioned already, that the ovula of Cer.serpenti-
nus are many times larger than the most cerei . I did also re-
ceive seeds of this species from New York, but, though very
large, they were immature; the fruit red,fleshy,spiny.
Of the old, lost Mam.barbata I received from Arizona seeds .of
a larger more oppulent form. Also of Yucca brevifolia ‚which I
enclose. Arave virsinica I have erowine in 6 - 8 specimens,.
which can be shipped next Fall.
9 10 MISSOURI
i BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
GEO. ENGELMANN, M. D,
: =
Locust Street. 2 \
3003 cust Street Be - VOLL u NIT g
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I EN a ER a RE EN N 0
1 2 3 4 5.6.7 8° 9 MISSOURI
BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
Berlin, Hotel du Nord
NO
Jury 13: 1893
Mv dser Dr. Weber
v tta rad +177 03 a T019% ai y.
Your last letter I received still in St. Louis; sine a week
ago in Europe, I just arrived in Berlin,and begin to bring my plants
into orders I find, that I hardly could come to Paris,but, between
August 1 and 6FI will be in Hamburg, probably for a few days. Could
you see me there ?’Anyway, write to me at the above address here..
Here, as it seems, very little is going on with cactus. I
r..Poselzer is still alive,thoush,as it seens to me,en-
tirely inactive.
Do you know anything about the cactus collection at Hilden
on the Rhein ?’°I forget presently the name of the proprietor, he wrote
to me frequently and received seeds from me.
Is there any good collection in Germany ?”’One would have to
go to a warmer climate, but earlier I did not find anything in Italy,.
or very little.
Anything new in Aganiaa? Friendly greetings, your
G. Engelmann
(translated from German script by Edsear Denison, Feb. 1988)
MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
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GEo. ENGELMANN, M.D.
3003 Locust Street.
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Berlin, July 22,1883
This morning I received your letter of the ı19th,and see from
I
t with regrets,that we may.not meet. My plans were in the beerinring
general and uncertain,and a visit to Sicily,France and Eneland were
not Impossible. Now, that I am since 2 weeks in that restless, worry-
some Berlin;I find, that I cannot stand this any more and that it
world destroy me, and therefor have already arranged for the return -
trip from Antwerpe on Sept. 8, and will spend Ausust primarly with my
sisters at the Rhein and in Frankfurt in greatest peace, but I will
possibly on the weekend 2% - 30 July be the first days of August in
Strassburg. They I will be, as already said,about 3 weeks in Frank-
Fi Mr “ [} or in . » T7 h -,
furt a/M (Mylius street 20) and part in Kreuznach (Addr. Mr.Polstorf),.
Mia ’ en T y e \ 3, s
If my health Improves,we could possibly meet at the beginrine of SEep-
% . 73 R S - » u * % .
tember in Brussel or Gent; If it is bad, I will go directly to Antwerp
and my embarkation.,.
Drs. Posel@er and Hildemann I have seen, The latter cultivates ve-
ry well, has e.g. Pebecyphora micromeris, senilis, etc. seems to be a
xood student of Pfersdorff. Poselger has many rice items,and hrines
. Eu 2 I, 7 d u N‘ a WANN EL ED ) CA L64 i Pe: 3 Pn k
many into flower. In the botanical Garden is nothine of Arsavsae and
®
It > . ”
3 ) A a cı van 5)
acti. Dianzo and Schmitt are sımnrosed to introduce much that is new,
Pr 1 5 = 2 “ >
and the interest in cactıus is sunnosed to ıncrease a little. Hilden
is on the Rhein, near Bonn,but Poseleer says, that nothinre was going
on there, nothing reliable,.
My address in Strassbure is: Proß. A. De Bary. I wanted to zo to
Frankfurt already today, but had such a bad night from asthma,that I
could not travel as yet. If the next nicht en better,we will see.
With hearty greetines Your
G. Eneelmanr
(translated from German script by Edrar Derison, F
er
b. 1988)
.,
MISSOURI
, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
MA :
3003 Locust Street.
St.» Lois, a {4 1883
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10 MISSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. Nov,.14,1883
Dear Doctor Weber
I must eive you a sien of life and tell you, that,since
ui
I left Europe I feel immensely better, possibly throush rest and kind
care from my sisters in Kreuznach. Less pressure in climbing or fast
walking,though not normal, nevertheless much better.
I send you a reprint of (or copy, E.D.) of Guerdeney's
Chronicle about Peistesona Opuntia subulata, and wrapped within a few
seed-corns of it, as promised.
Also, you receive seeds of the Agave hractiosa Watson with
description. I found the seeds in Cambridge Mass. ripenring, while I
stayed there a few weeks after my return from Europe,before retur -
nine to St. Louis; the plant had flowered the second time - hut pro-
hably another one,than the ong,which flowered 2 years acro,because I
Zr ıuE., | was told, that 1t had dien,
T also send somethinze about A,.Vicetoria Reg.like A,bractiosa
which, I believe, you have not seen yet; these 3 leaves in a wrapper.
Where is Cereus martini, which exists in many collections
% Pr. )
and who'se fruits I have in front of me, described ? and from whon ?
I find a note, that it was named thus by Haage and Schmitt in 1866.
It mav come from the West-indies,and judeing by the seeds, Seens re-
teked to pantagonus,eriophorus and similar ones. It 1s a real pity,
that I could not visit with you some large cactus collections. Who
knows, perhaps next year.??
Could you not send me half a blossom of Mam.senillis ? I would
DE
like to examine it very much myself for the appearance of the outer
stamens. If I did see correctly, they do not form a real corona but
are erowm on in eradation;s the inner ones do form a true fasciculus.
My Arave vireinica flowered in my absence in my garden and rl-
nened fruit. I send the seeds.
Im
And, now, today only this hasty greeting in the hope you will
ER:
0 1 2.3 4:5 6.78 9 10 MISsoURI
f BOTANICAL
cm. copyright reserved GARDEN
kindness in looking
. W+) PR -
answer soon, L mus an Or, your
several days to me.
me up in Strass
G.Engelmann
r PRrpeR \ “
ed from German script by Edgar Denison, I!
6.7. 9 10 MIıSSOURI
. BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
5
GEO. ENGELMANN,M.D,
3003 Locust Street.
=
St. Louis, Mo., WIR ee ER
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GEORGE ENG GELM INN FAPERD
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, BOTANICAL
copyright reserved GARDEN
St. Louis, Mo. Dec. 24, 1883
Dear Doktor Weber
I just receive your interesting letter. Now I ask you for
3.07
sll the world,how could Janybody recognize Labouret's and Pfeiffer'!'s
Cereus pruinosus ( not certain of species, E.D.) in the Plants by
Parry ! That is a real new proof,that it is impossible to study cac-
ti,if one does not start at the beginning... Here we have a plant known
for 50 years in eardens,20 years aco you saw it in Mexico ard did
not recorrize it; 5 years ago Parry collects it with flowers =
fruits,and these too were not recoenized, until the seeds rerminate
and produce young plants. On these little plants we must now rely !
Can we do that before they are 10 - 20 years older ?By the way ‚I
find a confirmation of your statement in a note to Parry,that he
4
had seen only a cultivated specimen in St. Louis (the one dran).
*
The fruit is supposed to be known everyplace as Pitakaya and in
markets;the spines are easily wived off,the flesh is tasteless but
refreshing. At times the fruit have a diameter of 2 inches.
The description says, that the furrows disappear later and be-
come quite flat. Parry's crossection did not show this at all(this
is the one I sketched). Later more. Today I have time only for
these remarks.
Can you read my hasty writing ? Can you determine,ıwhat the man's
name is,for whom Pereskia is named: Peyesc, Peiresc or Peeresc
or sk „- My correspondents in southern France cannot help me. Some-
place it saysı Peyresc,rich repociant de Toulon (rich inhahitant of
Toulon), other places Nicolas Fabricius Peiresc of Aix,member of
Parliement. I would like to determine the orthography.
I think we should get our minds together about my planned work
on Cactus. Naturally, it deals primarly with the cacti of the North
American Flora,but I would like to include as many others, as I
6 .7°° MISSOURI
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have learned to know exactly,of which I know the flowers and fruit.
Further I care to exact\y determine the synonyns. What concerns the
exotics (i.e. cacti outside of our Flora) I must depend on you, as I
hardiy know the cultivated cacti. You give me an exenple in your let-
ter in the synonym of Cer.eriopterus: emd ’eriophorus it can not be
named, because the older name Cer. repandus Lin.,‚Cer.repandus Haw.
has been accepted and determined,that this is really the same plant.
Thus, it becomes in the future Cer. repandus(Lin) Haw.
We, further, must recogrize,what is now generally accepted in
botany, that no name is valid, unless accomparied by a EEE des-
cription,wnich has been published. Of the cacti are many, which exist
in gardens only, on labels; these would have to be ienored. You your-
self give me an exemple Cereus monacanthus Lemaire ,„ a name, which I
cannot find anyplace, one of the oldest,but neither Lebouret nor anybody
eine:
else sccepts it. Has it not been published with a description "If so,
*
then it certainly must be accep begänn the name Nartini.put aside;
otherwise however Martiri remains,thoush it was published in an ob -
scure,not strictly botanical journal. With much cultivated eletis with
such names, one could make an exception,.
%
Desigenations like Hort. Be ri in,Hort.Paris,Hort Angl. would have
to be eliminated,bacause they are not publications; Otto Pfeiffer,Salen
woulg have to stand instead.
Do you want to publicise your new cacti in my work,thst would be
quite nice,but I would want to &nclude them only if their material is
complete.- otherwise the confusion could be possibly multiplied.; e.g.
E}
by accepting"Cereus edulissimus" this would happen on your om state-
ment,.
Why should FParry not have seen or noticed the characteristic blue
color of Cereus prinosus ? About the grooves I have written already
4
above;
10 MISSOURI
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x
What kind of Echinocactus may this be, which sent from San Lonis
did flower here.- about 4" in diameter,3" high, with 21 stranee, bum-
py-swollen ribs,srey,with only 2 spines,larre rose-red flower
Could it be similar Da ee Secy
to Hyboeconus ?° | ne Aow
ER A m
This only by the way net above
My plan is, to determine, as already said, only or rer
the cacti of our Flora, but I would like to incorporate ötherwise
new, thötoushly: documented and complementary to what is known up to
now. Your contributions would be given under: your name in footnotes
e.&. the sporangia of Cer.repandus. Plumien's name,being prior to
Linneus,would remain unobserved, and when Lamarck picked it up,this
ee was named Tineo,not Tinneo,
De Candolle Nouvelles Remaraues sur la Nomenelature Botanique
NR 3,which he sent to me,and which you probably know, is hased on a
foundation,which Seems understandable and natural,namely, that one
should not put words in the mouth of an author,which he did not use,
not burden him with any statement,which he did not uses thus one must
? a ns i
with Linnee Pereskia, rerardless how the museum may have called it,
because this is how he initiated the genus already in 1735 ( thoueh
he later only pulled it to "Cactus") Plumier, however, gave the nane
tırat, |
How is the inflorescense of the small Pereskias, which you call
Poeppigiji and pygmaesa , are they single seated flowers as with Opuntia;
this eircumstance and’the subulate lesves would put them in a section
Pe
of Opuntiaceae or subulatae, and separate them from the other Platy-
phyllae,
I could chatter a long time with you. But if you answer soon,I will
write soon aeceain,
MISSOURI
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BR u pr
En
I enrlose in this letter seeds
Ms 2
of 2 Echinocacti from the North of
AR
the Californria perinsula, just received, south of our boundary; the
one, which T name after the industrious collector
ore is a new
which often zserminate al-
E. Orcuttii,with a fleshy fruit and seeds,
my old E.cylindraceus,which I doubted
ready in the fruit; the other is
as I believe, often young Wislizenri are are passed
a lone time, because,
how they are positioned with Califorricus must be show
otf!Ter 16:
ections ? Both the above are
er
later. Does Californicus exist in
first round, but become cylindrical later and several foot hieh.
a
wWislizenus into one eroup,and "Emoryi „
. en a an ar
All these belong, however, with
which is still doubtful for me, belongs there too; some, like Wislize-
like Emoryi and eylin-.
ni have the bristle-like giant spines,others,
draceus don't have them; viridescens helones also here .
And now fare well and write industriously, Your
G. Enselmann
I send sketche f marrinst T can r f3 reome ; T
send sketches of marginatus, I can not find zeometricans, I
will tRinz HT Ioneilsere
ne some seeds have become mixed up,but they can be easily
differentiated.
ed from German script by Edgar Denison, Feb. 1988)
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10 MIıSSOURI
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