FLORA OF NEW MEXICO ADVERTISEMENT. The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled “Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,” which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed re- sponsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series were published by the Department of Agriculture. Ricnarp RatTusun, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the United States National Museum. 2 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 19 FLORA OF NEW MEXICO By E. O. WOOTON and PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1915 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. IssueD JUNE 24, 1915. PREFACE. The present volume of the Contributions is devoted to a flora of New Mexico, by Mr. E. O. Wooton, of the United States Department of Agriculture, and Mr. Paul C. Standley, assistant curator, United States National Herbarium. Mr. Wooton was connected with the New Mexico College of Agriculture for twenty years, during which _ time he made extensive botanical collections in nearly all the counties of the State. Mr. Standley spent thrée years in botanical work at the same institution and has since revisited the State for the purpose of further studying its flora. This volume, therefore, is based very largely upon the collections made by the two authors, although all other available collections from New Mexico have been studied. Only the flowering plants and vascular cryptogams of New Mexico are contained in the present work. Keys are given for the determina- tion of the species as well as of the larger groups, so that the volume may be used as a field manual. At the same time the citations will enable those who have access to libraries to consult readily the original descriptions of the species. The number of species treated is approximately 3,000. Notwith- standing the large amount of field work already accomplished, many remote districts in New Mexico are still imperfectly known botanically, so that eventually this number will doubtless be increased by several hundred species. The treatise in its present form, however, will be found to contain most of the plants growing spontaneously in those parts of the State thus far settled or frequently visited. This is the fourth volume of the Contributions to be devoted to a State flora, the others being the Botany of Western Texas (volume 2), the Plant Life of Alabama (volume 6), and the Flora of Washington (volume 11). FREDERICK V. CovILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 5 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction.........-... 2022 eee eee eee eee eee eee e ee eee eee eeeeee wee 9 Systematic treatment of the vascular plants . .......-.-.--------+-+++++++++- 12 Synopsis of the larger groups, with keys............---------+++++++++++- 12 Annotated catalogue. ......... 20.5002 0-2 cece e eee eee eee crete eee ences 18 Summary of larger groups, with numbers of genera and species ........... 754 Geographic index........- 2-2-2 2s cence eee eee eee eee eee reece teeter se tees 755 List of new genera, species, and hybrids, and new names........----------+- 772 Index..........----+- wee c ccc cece e eee e eee ence ee eee ewan cece eect eee neteeces 775 ~) FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. By E. O. Wooton and Pau ©. STanpey. INTRODUCTION. This flora of New Mexico is a list of all the species of phanerogams and vascular cryptogams at present known to occur within the State, with keys to the families, genera, and species. Although we have examined all the herbarium material easily accessible and have endeavored to verify all published data, we know that the list is far from complete. Even in the most carefully explored areas of the eastern United States, species which have been overlooked are still coming to light and more careful study of more copious material is increasing the number of recognized species. Much more are addi- tional species to be looked for within the 122,000 square miles embraced in the area of New Mexico, many large portions of which have never been visited by any botanist, while even the most familiar regions have not been thoroughly examined. Thus it is certain that as collectors extend their fields of exploration our present list of 2,975 species will be increased to far above 3,000. It is along the borders of the State that the greater number of additions will be found, espe- cially in the southeastern and southwestern corners and in the high mountains along the Colorado line, but isolated mountain ranges in the interior probably hide endemic species still unknown. Various short accounts of New Mexico and Arizona plants were published by the earlier botanists of the United States. These, however, are too incomplete and disconnected to be of much use for identification purposes. Two or three more general works are avail- able for use in New Mexico, but none is complete for any part of the State. The Botany of Western Texas, by Dr. J. M. Coulter,? contains descriptions of a majority of the plants of southeastern New Mexico, but the volume is not provided with keys to the species and the nomen- 1 See, Paul C. Standley. A bibliography of New Mexican botany. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 13: 229-246. 1910. ? Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2. 1891-94. 10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, clature is now antiquated. Dr. P. A. Rydberg’s Flora of Colorado! is very satisfactory for use in the extreme northern part of the State. Even here, however, many plants will be found which have not been reported from Colorado and hence are not contained in that work, many of our Southwestern species seeming to reach the northern limit of their range just below the Colorado line. The new edition of Coulter’s Rocky Mountain Flora, as revised by Prof. Aven Nelson, can be used in a limited way in northern New Mexico, but it will be found to describe only a fraction of our plants. The material upon which this flora is based is chiefly that in the United States National Herbarium, in the herbarium of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts at Mesilla Park, and in the private herbarium of E. O. Wooton, lately acquired by the National Herbarium. In the National Herbarium are found sets of nearly all the larger New Mexican collections, both early and recent, such as those of Fendler, Bigelow, Wright, the first Mexican Boundary Survey, Heller, Wooton, Earle, Metcalfe, and Standley. These include duplicate types of most species that have been described from the State. Of particular value are the large collections made by Dr. EK. A. Mearns in connection with the Mexican Boundary Survey of 1892 and 1893, and by members of the Biological Survey of the United States Department of Agriculture in connection with their studies of the fauna of New Mexico. There are also several smaller collections in the same herbarium of which no duplicates exist. The herbarium of the Agricultural College contains probably the largest assemblage of New Mexican plants that has hitherto been gathered. Here are found not only sets of the more recent generally distributed collections, but several thousand plants collected by the present writers of which few duplicates were obtained. Local col- lectors in different parts of the State have forwarded collections from time to time, some of which are of great interest. The Wooton herbarium contains duplicates of many of Mr. Wooton’s collections deposited in the herbarium of the Agricultural College, besides many specimens not to be found elsewhere. It also includes sets of the plants collected by Dr. C. L. Herrick and Miss A. I. Mulford. The New Mexican ranges given for the listed species are based upon the specimens in these herbaria. We have also examined New Mexi- can material of certain groups in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, besides collections lent by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, now of Boulder, Colorado, and Miss Charlotte C. Ellis, formerly of Placitas, New Mexico. The work of preparing the manuscript of the flora was carried on chiefly at the National Herbarium during the years 1910, 1911, and 1 Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100. 1906. = @ WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 11 1912, although some preliminary work had been done previously at the New Mexico Agricultural College. Descriptions of most of the new species discovered in the course of the work have been published in a recent part of the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium.’ Accounts of the Cactaceae and of the grasses and grass- like plants have appeared as bulletins of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station.? It is our intention to publish in the near future, in the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, an account of the phyto- geography of the State. This will include a discussion of the life zones and of the factors which influence them. There will also be a history of botanical exploration in New Mexico, and a discussion of other matters of botanical interest. Under each species in the present volume we have cited the place of publication, to facilitate reference to the original description. No attempt has been made to give complete synonymy, the intention being rather to enter only names having some more or less direct bear- ing upon New Mexican botany. In citing data regarding habitat and zonal distribution, only conditions inside the State have been con- sidered. In other States some of the plants often occur in habitats different from those we have indicated, although in all probability zonal distribution is practically constant for the same plant in what- ever region it may grow.’ The generic diagnoses have been drawn with only the New Mexican species in mind. In the preparation of the flora we have received the assistance of many persons, of whose aid we wish to express our appreciation. We are especially indebted to the following for help in various ways: Dr. E. L. Greene, Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. P. A. Rydberg, Dr. B. L. Robinson, Prof. M. L. Fernald, Dr. J. H. Barnhart, Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Mr. George V. Nash, Dr. J. K. Small, Mr. K. K. Mackenzie, Prof. T. D.A.Cockerell, Mr. Vernon Bailey, Mr. E. A. Goldman, and Mr. C. R. Ball, as well as several of our botanical associates in Washington. Many residents of New Mexico have assisted by collecting specimens and furnishing data concerning the distribution and uses of plants. Our sincerest thanks are extended to numerous citizens of the State who have always afforded all the assistance in their power to collecting expeditions, which would have been impossible or unfruitful without their labors so freely expended in our behalf. 1 Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 109-196, 1913. 2 Cacti in New Mexico. By E.O. Wooton. Bull. 78.1911. The grasses and grass- like plants of New Mexico. By E. O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. Bull. 81. 1912. 3 For an account of life zonesin New Mexicosee, Bailey, Vernon, Lifezones and crop zones of New Mexico. North American Fauna (U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Biol. Surv.) 35. 1913. 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS. SYNOPSIS OF THE LARGER GROUPS, WITH KEYS. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Plants without flowers or seeds, producing spores, each of which, on germination, develops into a flat or irregular prothallium. The prothallia bear the reproductive organs (antheridia and archegonia). As a result of the fertilization of an egg in the archegonium by a sperm produced in the antheridia a fern or an allied plant is developed. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Leaves broad, entire or dissected; ferns or fernlike plants. Spores of 1 kind, borne in sporangia; plants not aquatic...1. FILICALES (p. 18). Spores of 2 kinds, borne in sporocarps; aquatics......2. SALVINIALES (p. 27). Leaves narrow, scalelike or awllike; mosslike or rushlike plants. Sporangia in a terminal cone; stems hollow..........3. EQUISETALES (p. 28). Sporangia in the axils of small or leaflike bracts; stems solid. 4, LYCOPODIALES (p. 29). Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Plants with flowers which produce seeds. Microspores (pollen grains) borne in the microsporangia (anther sacs) develop each into a tubular prothallium; a macrospore (embryo sac) develops a minute prothallium and, together with the macrosporangium (ovule) in which it is contained, ripens into a seed. KEY TO THE CI.ASSES. Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or scale; stigmas wanting. 1. GYMNOSPERMAE (p. 30). Ovules and seeds borne in a closed cavity; stigmas present. 2. ANGIOSPERMAE (p. 39). Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments; perianth none; trees or shrubs with needle-like or scalelike leaves ........--.-..-.-+-------. 5. PINALES (p. 30). Staminate flowers in aments; pistillate flowers single or in pairs; perianth present; shrubs with jointed stems, the leaves reduced to sheathing scales. 6. GNETALES (p. 38). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES. Cotyledon 1; stems endogenous; leaves parallel-veined. 1, MONOCOTYLEDONES (p. 39). Cotyledons normally 2; stems exogenous; leaves not parallel-veined, or rarely appar- ently 80.2.2... 2.2.2 ee eee ee eee ee eee 2. DICOTYLEDONES (p. 154). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 13 Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Perianth when present rudimentary or degenerate, often composed of bristles or mere scales, not corolla-like, sometimes wanting. Flowers in the axils of dry or chaffy, usually imbricated, bracts (scales or glumes), 10. POALES (p. 42). Flowers not in the axils of dry or chaffy bracts. Perianth of bristles or chaffy scales............... 7. PANDANALES (p. 39). Perianth fleshy or herbaceous, or wanting. Fruit baccate; endosperm present; plants 1 cm. broad or less, consisting merely of a flat thallus with 1 or more roots, floating. 11. ARALES (p. 124). Fruit drupaceous; endosperm wanting; aquatics with well-developed StOMS....2.ceceeeeeeeeeeeeceeececeeeees 8. NAIADALES (p. 39). Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner usually corolla-like. Gyneecium of distinct carpels...............2202202 22 eee 9. ALISMALES (p. 41). Gyneecium of united carpels, Endosperm mealy........--+--ee-eeeeeeeeeeeeee 12. XYRIDALES (p. 125). Endosperm fleshy, horny, or cartilaginous. Ovary and fruit superior................20-206- 18. LILIALES (p. 127). Ovary and fruit wholly or half inferior. ; Endosperm present; flowers regular.14. AMARYLLIDALES (p. 145). Endosperm wanting; flowers irregular..15. ORCHIDALES (p. 148). Subclass 2. DICOTYLEDONES. KEY TO THE ORDERS. Corolla wanting. Calyx wanting. Herbs. Flowers moneecious or dicecious........30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392). Flowers mainly perfect. Flowers spicate; styles wanting.......... 16. PIPERALES (p. 154). Flowers axillary; styles present. (Callitrichaceae) 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392). Trees or shrubs. Fruit many-seeded; seeds each with a tuft of hairs. 17. SALICALES (p. 154). Fruit 1-seeded; seeds without tufts of hairs ...... 42, OLEALES (p. 495). Calyx present, at least in the staminate or in the perfect flowers. Flowers, at least the staminate, in aments or ament-like spikes; fruit a nut or achene; trees or shrubs. Leaves simple; ovule pendulous and anatropous.19. FAGALES (p. 163). Leaves pinnate; ovule erect and orthotropous. 18. JUGLANDALES (p. 161). Flowers, at least the staminate, not in aments; fruit various; herbs, trees, or shrubs. Ovary inferior. Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads. (Ambrosiaceae) 50. ASTERALES (p. 618). 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Fruit either a berry or a drupe or nutlike. Stamens as many as the perianth segments and alternate with them or else fewer. (Tetragoniaceae) 24, CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Stamens as many as the perianth segments and opposite them or else twice as many. (Families of) 87. MYRTALES (p. 459). Fruit a capsule. Sepals as many as the cells of the ovary or half as many. 37. MYRTALES (p. 459). Sepals (4 or 5) at least twice as many as the cells of the Ovary....... (Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Ovary superior. Gyncecium of 1 carpel or several distinct carpels; stigma and styles of each solitary. Carpels several. Stamens inserted below the ovary. (Families of) 25. RANALES (p. 243). Stamens inserted on the edge of a cup-shaped hypanthium. (Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Carpels solitary. Style lateral and oblique. (Phytolaccaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Style axile, erect. Ovary neither inclosed nor seated in a hypanthium ora calyx tube. Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves; aquatics. (Ceratophyllaceae) 25. RANALES (p. 243). Flowers not solitary in the axils of the leaves; terres- trial plants. (Urticaceae) 20, URTICALES (p. 174). Ovary inclosed in or seated in a hypanthium or a calyx tube. Stamens borne under the gyneecium. (Allioniaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Stamens borne on the hypanthium or adnate to the calyx tube....... 36. THYMELAEALES (p. 458). Gyneecium of 2 or several united carpels; stigmas or styles 2 to several, Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and 1-ovuled. Leaves with sheathing stipules. 23. POLYGONALES (p. 181). Leaves exstipulate, or the stipules, if present, not sheathing. Trees or shrubs... .(Ulmaceae) 20, URTICALES (p. 174). Herbs or vines. Stipules herbaceous; inflorescence spicate or racemose; leaf blades palmately veined. (Cannabinaceae) 20. URTICALES (p. 174). Stipules scarious or hyaline or none; inflorescence cymose; leaf blades pinnately veined. (Families of) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Ovary several-celled, or with several placente, several-ovuled. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, inserted on the margin of a hypanthium or a disk. Fruit a samara...(Aceraceae) 31. SAPINDALES (p. 405). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 15 Fruit not a samara. Fruit drupelike or berry-like; trees or shrubs. 32. RHAMNALES (p. 412). Fruit a capsule; herbs. 22. ARISTOLOCHIALES (p. 181). Stamens hypogynous, inserted under the gynecium in the perfect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers. Flowers moneecious or dicecious. (Euphorbiaceue) 30. EDUPHORBIALES (p. 392). Flowers perfect. Stamens tetradynamous. (Brassicaceae) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260). Stamens not tetradynamous. 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Corolla present. Petals more or less united. Ovary inferior. Stamens with their filaments free from the corolla. Stamens 10; anther sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks. (Vacciniaceae) 39. ERICALES (p. 486). Stamens 5 or fewer: anther sacs opening by longitudinal slits. 48, CAMPANULALES (p. 612). Stamens adnate to the corolla, Ovary with 1 fertile cavity. Flowers in involucrate heads...........-....-. 50. ASTERALES (p. 618). Flowers not in involucrate heads......... 49. VALERIANALES (p. 617). Ovary with 2 to many fertile cavities. Plants tendril-bearing. (Cucurbitaceae) 48. CAMPANULALES (p. 612). Plants not tendril-bearing. Ovules mostly on basal placente; plants parasitic. 21. SANTALALES (p. 177). Ovules not on basal placente; plants not parasitic. 47, RUBIALES (p. 603). Ovary superior. Stamens free from the corolla. Gyneecium of a single carpel.........- (Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Gyneecium of several united carpels. Filaments distinct.............-.-- (Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486). Filaments united. Stamens diadelphous...... (Fumariuceae) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260). Stamens monadelphous. Anther sacs opening by slits. (Oxalidaceae) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379). Anther sacs opening by pores. Calyx and corolla very irregular... .. 29. POLYGALALES (p. 390). Calyx and corolla regular. ..(Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486). Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as many or more. Ovary 1-celled. Placentx central or basal.............-.-. 40. PRIMULALES (p. 490). Placente parietal......- (Fouquieriaceae) 34, HYPERICALES (p. 427). 16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Ovary several-celled. Upper portion of ovaries distinct.(Crassulaceae) 27, ROSALES (p. 291). Upper portion of ovaries united.......-.-.---- 41. EBENALES (p. 495). Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them or fewer. Corolla scarious, veinless; fruit a pyxis..46. PLANTAGINALES (p. 602). Corolla not scarious, veiny; fruit not a pyxis. Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. Style terminal................2200- 44. ASCLEPIADALES (p. 503). Style basal......-. (Dichondraceae) 45. POLEMONIALES (p. 513). Carpels united. Ovary 1-celled, with central placentx...43. GENTIANALES (p. 497). Ovary 2 or 3-celled or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with parietal placenta......-..- cece eee eeeee 45. POLEMONIALES (p. 513). Petals distinct, at least at the base. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base. Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (this very small in some Saxifragaceae). 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Stamens at the base of the receptacle, hypogynous. Flowers in moneecious heads. ..-...-- (Platanaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Flowers not in moneccious heads. Plants with firm stems and leaves, not succulent. .25. RANALES (p. 243). Plants with succulent stems and leaves, (Crassulaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Carpels several and united. Ovary inferior. Stamens numerous. Hypanthium produced beyond the ovary. (Families of) 87, MYRTALES (p. 459). Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary. Ovary partly inferior........ (Hydrangeaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Ovary wholly inferior..............-.---- 385. OPUNTIALES (p. 431). Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Styles wanting. (Stigmas sessile; aquatics.) (Gunneraceae) 87. MYRTALES (p. 459). Styles present. Styles distinct. Ovules solitary in each cell; fruit a drupe or of 2 to 5 more or less united achenes. .....2------ eee eee ee ee eee 38. UMBELLALES (p. 474). Ovules several in each cell; fruit a capsule or a fleshy, many-seeded, berry. . Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate..(Families of) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Fruit circumscissile. (Portulacaceae) 24. CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Styles united or single. Plants with tendrils; fruit a pepo. (Cucurbitaceae) 48. CAMPANULALES (p. 612). Plants without tendrils; fruit not a pepo. Ovary exceeding the hypanthium, the top free. (Hydrangeaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Ovary inclosed in or surpassed by the hypanthium or adnate to it. Ovules solitary in each cell......... 88. UMBELLALES (p. 474). Ovules several in each cell. Ovary with parietal placenta. (Loasaceae) 385. OPUNTIALES (p. 431). Ovary with central or basal placente. (Families of) 87. MYRTALES (p. 459). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 17 Ovary superior. Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (perigynous or hypo- gynous). Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Styles and upper part of the ovaries distinct; ovules and seeds many. (Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Styles united; ovules and seeds solitary or2..32. RHAMNALES (p. 412). Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them or more. Styles distinct .............-. (Saxifragaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Styles united. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate; disk obsolete or incon- spicuous......-.---....2. 22 eee eee eee 37. MYRTALES (p. 459). Hypanthium flat or obsolete; disk fleshy. Plants with secreting glands in the bark. (Rutaceae) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379). Plants without secreting glands in the bark. 81. SAPINDALES (p. 405). Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. Stamens numerous. Sepals valvate; filaments united............. 33. MALVALES (p. 416), Sepals imbricated; filaments various...... 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260). Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals, Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Anther sacs opening by hinged valves, (Berberidaceae) 25. RANALES (p. 243). Anther sacs opening by slits. Flowers moneecious............+---- 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392). Flowers perfect. Ovules and seeds several or many; embryo coiled. (Portulacaceae) 24, CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Ovules and seeds solitary; embryo straight. (Plumbaginaceae) 40, PRIMULALES (p. 490). Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them or more, some- times twice as many. Stamens 6; petals 4; sepals 2 or 4. (Families of) 26. PAPAVERALES (p. 260). Stamens, petals, and sepals of the same number, or stamens more than the sepals or petals, then usually twice as many. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules and seeds on basal or central placente. (Families of) 24, CHENOPODIALES (p. 198). Ovules and seeds on parietal placente. Stamens with united filaments (no staminodia). 33. MALVALES (p. 416). Stamens with distinct filaments. Staminodia present.(Parnassiaceae) 27. ROSALES (p. 291). Staminodia wanting. (Families of) 34, HYPERICALES (p. 427). Ovary several-celled. Stamens adnate to the gynecium. (Asclepiadaceae) 44. ASCLEPIADALES (p. 503). Stamens not adnate to the gyneecium. Filaments wholly or partly united. Anthers opening by long slits. (Families of) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379). 52576°—15——2 18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Anthers opening by pores..... 29. POLYGALALES (p. 390). Filaments distinct. Anthers opening by pores. (Families of) 39. ERICALES (p. 486). Anthers opening by slits. Stigmas and styles distinct and cleft, or foliaceous, or united by pairs.........2.-.200. 30. EUPHORBIALES (p. 392). Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor foliaceous. Stamens 2...........-.-.-....-... 42. OLEALES (p. 495). Stamens more than 2. Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. 34, HYPERICALES (p. 427). Ovules solitary in each carpel. (Families of) 28. GERANIALES (p. 379). ANNOTATED CATALOGUE. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Order 1. FILICALES. 1, POLYPODIACEAE. Fern Family. The only family of the order in New Mexico. Notwithstanding the dryness of the climate, New Mexico has a considerable number of true ferns. With one exception they grow in the mountains. Most of the species occur in crevices or under overhanging rocks in the drier and warmer mountain ranges. A few of the more delicate ones live only in moist, cool forests in rich soil. A few others occur on high mountain peaks. KEY TO THE GENERA. Mature sori round or little elongated, appearing as sepa- rate small dots on the back of the frond. Fronds once pinnate or pinnatifid, having few large pinne. Sori furnished with an indusium; leaf margins spinulose ........----.-2220- eee eee eee 10. PHANEROPHLEBIA (p. 26). Sori naked; leaf margins not spinulose.......-. 13. Potyropium (p. 27). Fronds mostly twice pinnate or pinnatifid, having many small pinnules 1 cm. long or less. Indusium superior, cordate or reniform, fixed at the sinus .........--..------------- 9. Dryopreris (p. 25). Indusium inferior or lateral. Indusium inferior, breaking at maturity into stellate lobes.............-..-- 12. Woopnsta (p. 26). Indusium lateral, thrown back at maturity as a delicate hood..........-------- 11. Firix (p. 26). Mature sori elongated, oblong to linear, mostly con- fluent. Sori naked. Sori scattered on the back of the frond, follow- ing the course of the veins, branching.... 1. Bommerta (p. 19). Sori marginal, near the ends of the veins, some- times covered at first by the reflexed edges of the pinn®..,...+e....eereeee- 2, NoTHOLAENA (p. 19), WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 19 Sori with indusia. Sori dorsal, not marginal. Sori straight; fronds once pinnate; stipes dark-colored................ .-- 7, ASPLENIUM (p. 24). Sori more or less curved; fronds ‘twice pinnate; stipes stramineous....... 8. ATHYRIUM (p. 25). Sori marginal, covered by reflexed edges of the pinne. Reflexed margin discontinuous, appearing as separate large indusia........... 3. ADIANTUM (p. 21). Reflexed margin continuous around each pinna. An inner indusium present, making the covering of the sori double; fronds large, 40 to 100 cm. long ...............--+-2....... 4. Preripium (p. 21). Inner indusium wanting, the covering of the sori single; fronds in ours never over 30 cm. long. Pinnules minute, beadlike, hairy (except in C. wrightit, which resembles the next genus), not coriaceous. .... 5. CHEILANTHES (p. 21). Pinnules larger, 3 mm. long or more, glabrous (except in P. aspera), coriaceous. ..... 6. PELLAEA (p. 23). 1. BOMMERIA Fourn. Rootstocks creeping; fronds 5-angled, pinnate, hispid above, tomentose beneath; sori oblong or linear, following the course of the veinlets, exindusiate. 1. Bommeria hispida (Mett.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 633. 1902. Gymnogramme hispida Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 86: 72. 1869. Gymnopteris hispida Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900. TYPE LOCALITY: Western Texas. RanGE: Texas to New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Bear Mountains; Organ Mountains; 5 miles east of San Lorenzo; Mimbres River; Silver City; Florida Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. NOTHOLAENA R. Br. CLOAK FERN. Sori marginal, at first round or oblong, soon confluent into a narrow naked band; veins free; fronds various. Our species are of somewhat varied aspect, three of them (Eunotholaena) of distinct form, one resembling a Bommeria, and two others such that they might pass for Pel- laeas. Some of them are very common in the dry rocky foothills, while two of the species are rare in our range. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Fronds covered more or less abundantly with scales or hairs, not farinose, once pinnate. Fronds densely woolly beneath, the wool at first white, becoming ferruginous...............2...-..2e2e2005 1. N. bonariensis, Fronds scaly on both sides, the scales at first white, changing to darker. 20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants small, 10 to 15 cm. high; pinne rotund, entire or 2 or 3-toothed.....- 2.2.2.2. 222s eee eee eee eee 2a. N. sinuata inte- gerrima. Plants larger, 20 to 30 cm. high; pinne oblong, sinuate, several-toothed...........--...--0e eee eee eee eee 2. N. sinuata. Fronds farinose beneath, neither hairy nor scaly. Lower surface of fronds bright yellow; fronds pentagonal in outline, barely bipinnate.................0...--- . 3. N. hookeri. Lower surface of fronds white; fronds deltoid-ovate in out: line, tripinnate or quadripinnate. Rachises nearly straight; pinnules opposite, mostly sim- ple, the terminal ones rarely lobed............... 4. N. dealbata. Rachises and all their branches flexuous; pinnules alter- nate, the ultimate ones frequently 3-lobed.....-. 5. N. fendleri. 1. Notholaena bonariensis (Willd.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 6. 1905. Acrostichum bonariense Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 114. 1810. Cincinalis ferruginea Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 311. 1811. Notholaena ferruginea Hook. Journ. de Bot. 1: 92. 1813. Type tocatity: “ Bonaria’’ (Argentina). Rance: Arizona and western Texas to Central and South America. New Mexico: Organ and Dona Ana mountains. Dry hills, among rocks, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Notholaena sinuata (Swartz) Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 135. 1824. Acrostichum sinuatum Swartz, Syn. Fil. 14. 1806. TYPE LOCALITY: Peru. RancE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Black Range; San Luis, Big Hatchet, Carrizalillo, and Bear moun- tains; Animas Valley; Tortugas Mountain; Florida, Organ, and Guadalupe moun- tains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Reported from Las Lagunitas near Las Vegas by T. 8. Brandegee. 2a. Notholaena sinuata integerrima Hook. Sp. Fil. 5: 108. 1864. Tyre LocaLity: Mexico. RanaeE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Black Range; Big Hatchet Mountains; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; White Mountains; Queen; Lakewood. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 8. Notholaena hookeri D. C. Eaton in Wheeler, Rep. U.S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 308. pl. 30. 1879. Typr LocALity: Western Texas. RanGE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro Mountain; Burro Mountains; Kingston; San Luis Moun- tains; Tres Hermanas; Florida Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Also reported from Las Lagunitas, near Las Vegas, by T. 8. Brandegee. 4. Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 6: 82. 1848. Cheilanthes dealbata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 671. 1814. ‘Notholaena nivea dealbata Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 44. 1883. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘On rocks on the banks of the Missouri.”’ — Rance: Nebraska and Missouri to New Mexico and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Big Hatchet Mountains; Lookout Mines; Tor- tugas Mountain; V Pasture. On limestone cliffs, dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 21 Reported from the following localities: Las Lagunitas near Las Vegas, 7. S. Bran- degee; San Domingo, Bigelow; Sandia Mountains, Ferris. 5. Notholaena fendleri Kunze, Farmkr. 2: 87. pl. 136. 1851. Type Locauity: “In New Mexico.” Type collected by Fendler. Rance: Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona, and in northern Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Dona; Socorro; Cross L Ranch. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The type is Fendler’s 1017a, collected in 1847 near Santa Fe. Although named from New Mexico, the species is very rare in the State, ranging mainly farther north. 3. ADIANTUM L. Marmpen-HAIR FERN. Sori marginal, short, covered by a flaplike reflexed portion of the edge of the pin- nule, on the free but approximate tips of forking veins; fronds bipinnate; stipes slen- der, black, wiry; pinnules mostly obovate-cuneate, with a few incised teeth. 1. Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Sp. Pl. 1096. 1753. VENUS-HAIR FERN. Adiantum modestum Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 46. 1901. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europa australi.’’ Rance: Virginia and Florida, westward across the continent except in the extreme northwest. New Mexico: Eight miles northwest of Reserve; East Fork of the Gila; San Andreas Mountains; Kingston; South Spring River. Damp cliffs, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. The type of Adiantum modestum is Earle’s 261 from South Spring River. If dif- fers slightly from our other specimens in having broader, more rounded segments. When one examines a large series of specimens of A. capillus-veneris it is seen that it is a variable species and that A. modestum is hardly more than a local variation. 4, PTERIDIUM Scop. Bracken. This is a coarse fern of almost world-wide distribution that occurs in the mountains of this State in parklike openings and beside small streams where the soil is rich and water plentiful. It is ordinarily not over 60 cm. high, but sometimes reaches a height of 2 meters. We have only one representative of the genus, the western or pubescent form. 1. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 91. 1900. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘Utah, California, and northward.” RANGE: Western North America from New Mexico to British Columbia. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Open slopes, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 5. CHEILANTHES Swartz. Lire Fern. Sori terminal or nearly so on all the veins, at first very small and rounded, later confluent; indusium consisting of the reflexed margins of the pinnules, in ours (except one species) continuous all around the pinnule. With the exception of C. wrightii our species belong to that division of the genus having very minute, beadlike segments with the whole margin reflexed. They grow in crevices of rocks and on ledges of cliffs in the mountains, generally between eleva- tions of 1,450 and 2,100 meters. 99 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Pinnules smooth; indusia not continuous........................ 1. C. wrightii. Pinnules more or less pubescent or scaly; indusia continuous about the pinnules. Fronds tomentose, not scaly. Stipes densely tufted, at first woolly, becoming glabrate; fronds small, 10 cm. Jong or less...........2.2.... 2. C. feei. Stipes tufted, not so numerous, covered with brown to- mentum and a few narrow scales; fronds larger, 20 to 40 cm. long..........2...-220 2222 e eee ee 3. C. eatont. Fronds scaly beneath. Fronds not at all tomentose, glabrous and bright green or with a few scales above...........-2.......0222... 4. C. fendleri. Fronds both tomentose and scaly beneath. Stipes tufted from a short thick rootstock; fronds to- mentose to glabrate above, densely matted- woolly and scaly beneath...............2..... Stipes scattered on a long slender rootstock; fronds white-tomentose above, very chaffy beneath, with cinnamon-brown scales.................. 6. C. lindheimeri. or . C. myriophylla. 1. Cheilanthes wrightii Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 87. pl. 110. A. 1858. TyPE LOCALITY: Western Texas. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Telegraph Mountains; Bear Mountains; Condes Camp. Upper So- noran Zone. 2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Ind. Fil. 38. 1857. Myriopteris gracilis Fée, Gen. Fil. 150. 1850-2. Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abh. Senckenb. Ges. Frankfurt 3: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf. 1824. Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858, as synonym. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America Septentr.”’ Rance: Illinois and Minnesota to British Columbia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Mexico. New Mexico: On cliffs, throughout the State, at lower altitudes. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. This is probably the commonest fern in the State, occurring most frequently in crevices in the perpendicular faces of limestone cliffs, especially under projecting ledges. Its stipes are always short, and the fronds mostly lie flat against the rocks, It is not restricted to limestone, but is found much less frequently on other rocks. 3. Cheilanthes eatoni Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 140. 1868. Cheilanthes tomentosa eatoni Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 49. 1883. TYPE LocALITY: Western Texas. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; San Mateo Peak; Sandia Mountains; Socorro; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Burro Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Dona Ana and Organ mountains; White and Capitan mountains; Tucumcari Mountain; Queen. In the drier mountains and foothills, Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 4. Cheilanthes fendleri Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 103. pl. 107. B. 1858. TYPE LocaLity: New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 1015). RanGeE: Western Texas to Colorado, westward to California. New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges. Among rocks, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 23 5. Cheilanthes myriophylla Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 328. 1811. Cheilanthes villosa Davenp. Cat. Davenp. Herb. Suppl. 45. 1883. Type LocaLity: South America. Ranae: Texas to Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Big Hatchet Mountains; North Percha Creek; Bishops Cap, Han- over Mountain; Sacramento Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. 6. Cheilanthes lindheimeri Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 101. pl. 107. A. 1858. TYPE LOCALITY: Western Texas. RanaeE: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Telegraph Mountains; Tres Hermanas; Florida Mountains; Dona Ana and Organ mountains. Among rocks on the lower slopes of the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 6. PELLAEA Link. CLIFF BRAKE. Sori intramarginal, terminal on the veins as dots, or decurrent, at length confluent, forming a marginal band; indusium formed by the reflexed margin of the pinnules, commonly broad and membranous. Our species all belong to the division having coriaceous bluish green pinnules with inconspicuous veins, most of them having dark brown or glossy black stipes. They occur in crevices and under rocks in the drier mountains at altitudes below 2,000 meters. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Indusium narrow, concealed by the maturing sporangia; stipes pinkish-stramineous; rootstocks slender, widely creeping.. 1. P. intermedia. Indusium broad, conspicuous; stipes dark brown to black; root- stocks short and thick, 2 to 3 cm. long. Fronds and stipes rough-hairy throughout................... 2. P. scabra. Fronds and stipes glabrous. Pinnules obtuse or barely acute. Fronds pinnate above, bipinnate below; pinnules lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 20 mm. long..... 222-2 eee eee ee ee eee eee 3. P. atropurpurea. Fronds quadripinnate below, simpler above; pin- nules oval to cordate-ovate, 5 mm. long or less, very NUMEYOUS......-...-----2 220 eee ee eee 4, P. pulchella. Pinnules distinctly, although shortly, mucronate. Fronds narrowly oblong, bipinnate; pinne tri- foliolate......... wee ee eee ec eee eee eee cece 5. P. ternifolia. Fronds broadly lanceolate to deltoid, bipinnate; pinnules numerous on each rachilla, the termi- nal one usually largest....................-- 6. P. mucronata. 1. Pellaea intermedia Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 86: 84. 1869. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. RanGe: Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: Black Range; Burro Mountains; Florida Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; Organ and San Andreas mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Pellaea scabra C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 172. 1905. Cheilanthes aspera Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 111. pl. 108, A. 1858, not Kaulf. 1831. Pellaea aspera Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 148. 1868. TYPE LocaLity: Western Texas. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: Collected by the Mexican Boundary Survey (no. 1581) near the Copper Mines, Dry hills. 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841. Pteris atropurpurea L. Sp. Pl. 1076. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Virginia.”’ RanGE: Ontario and British Columbia to Georgia, Texas, Arizona, and California. New Mexico: Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Florida Mountains; Mangas Springs; Organ Mountains; highest point of the Llano Estacado; Queen. Thickets in the lower parts of the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 4. Pellaea pulchella (Mart. & Gal.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 129. 1850-52. Allosorus pulchellus Mart. & Gal. Nouv. Mém. Acad. Sci. Brux. 15: 47. pl. 10. f. 1. 1842. Type LOCALITY: ‘‘ Dans la Cordillére au sud de Sola,’’ Mexico. Ranae: Western Texas to southeastern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Queen (Wooton). Crevices of limestone rocks, dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol. 59. 1841. Pteris ternifolia Cav. Descr. P1. 266. 1802. Type Locatity: Andes of Peru. Rance: Western Texas to southern New Mexico and southward. New Mexico: Organ Mountain (Wooton). Upper Sonoran Zone. This species is rare in New Mexico. We are doubtful of the determination of the Organ Mountain plant, since it is the only specimen collected at this station, although ferns have been collected there frequently and search has been made for the species. Our specimen is possibly a form of P. mucronata. Doctor Underwood has reported a specimen from Socorro, collected in 1895 by Plank, and Mr. M. E. Jones reports having obtained it at Silver City in 1903. The species is not uncommon in Chihuahua. 6. Pellaea mucronata D. C. Eaton in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 233. 1859. Allosorus mucronatus D. C. Eaton, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 22: 138. 1856. Pellaea wrightiana Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 142. pl. 115. B. 1858. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Clefts of rocks in the hills near the bay of San Francisco, California.’’ RanGeE: Kansas and Texas to Arizona and California and southward. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Socorro; Burro Mountains; Santa Rita; Florida Mountains; Dona Ana and Organ mountains. In the drier mountains and foothills, Upper Sonoran Zone. This has usually been referred to as P. wrightiana. Wright’s 2130 from Santa Rita is the type of P. wrightiana. It is one of the commonest species of the southern part of the State. 7. ASPLENIUM L. SpLeenworrt. Sori oblong or linear, oblique, separate; indusia straight or very rarely curved, opening toward the midrib when single, toward each other when paired; veins all free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Pinnee 2 to 5, linear-cuneate; rachis green..........-.....----- 1. A. septentrionale. ’ Pinne numerous, 10 to 30 pairs, oblong to oval; rachis brown or black. Plants tall, 10 to 25 cm. high; stipes black; pinne oblong.. 2. A.resiliens. Plants smaller, 15 cm. high or less; stipes purplish brown; pinne oval ........2.22-222.2---- 2222 eee ee eee ee eee 3. A. trichomanes. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 25 1. Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 2: 12. 1795. Acrostichum septentrionale L. Sp. Pl. 1068. 1753. _ Belvisia septentrionalis Mirb. Hist. Nat. Pl. 4: 65. 1803. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae fissuris rupium.”’ Range: Black Hills of South Dakota to New Mexico and Arizona; also in Europe. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; highest point of the Llano Estacado; Cross L Ranch; Santa Rita; Ben Moore. Upper Sonoran Zone. This grows in the crevices of rocks or beneath overhanging ledges. It is small and almost grasslike, so that it is easily overlooked. 2. Asplenium resiliens Kunze, Linnaea 18: 331. 1844. Asplenium parvulum Mart. & Gal. Nouv. Mém. Acad. Sci. Brux. 15: 60. pl. 15. f. 3. 1842, not Hook. 1840. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. RANGE: Virginia and Florida to Kansas, Texas, and Arizona. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Santa Rita; Florida Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753. Tyrre tocauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae fissuris rupium.”’ RANGE: British America to Alabama, Texas, and Arizona, New Mexico: Las Vegas Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; Organ Mountains. Damp slopes, Upper Sonoran to Transition Zone. 8. ATHYRIUM Roth. Rootstocks stout; fronds large, oblong-ovate, twice pinnate; sori usually curved, oblong; indusium straight or curved, opening along the side nearest the midrib. 1, Athyrium filix-foemina (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 3: 65. 1800. Lapy rern, Polypodium filiz-foemina L. Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753. Asplenium filix-foemina Bernh. Neu. Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1?: 26. 1806. TyPE Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae frigidioris subhumidis.”’ Rance: Throughout most of temperate North America; in New Mexico only in the mountains. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Winsor Creek; Brazos Canyon. Transition Zone. The lady fern is not common anywhere in the State, but has been found by a few collectors in cool, shaded canyons beside running streams. 9. DRYOPTERIS Adans. Rootstocks stout and thick; fronds broadly oblong-lanceolate, bipinnatifid or bipinnate, 20 to 60 cm. long; sori dorsal, rounded, the indusium orbicular-reniform. 1. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. MALE FERN. Polypodium filiz-mas L. Sp. Pl. 1090. 1753. Aspidium filix-mas Swartz, Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1800?: 38. 1801. Tyre Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae sylvis.”’ Rance: British America to Michigan, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Rito de las Frijoles; Las Vegas Mountains; Organ Mountains; Ruidoso Creek. Transition Zone. The specimens here listed are doubtfully referred to this species, but they repre- sent one of the forms which pass under the name. Further study may result in a change of name for the southwestern form. It is nowhere common in our range, but always seems well adjusted to its habitat wherever it occurs. 26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 10. PHANEROPHLEBIA Presl. Rootsteck short and creeping; fronds pinnate, the pinnz 10 to 16, usually auriculate at the base, serrate or incised; sori round, borne on the back of forking veins; indusium peltate, opening all around the margin. 1. Phanerophlebia auriculata Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 212. pl. 359. f. 8, 4. 1899. Aspidium juglandifolium of authors, in part, not Kunze. Type Locaity: ‘‘Cool damp cliffs, Mapula Mountains, Chihuahua.”’ RanGE: Mountains of southern Arizona and New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Organ Mountains. Transition Zone, 11. FILIX Adans. Fronds oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 3-pinnatifid, thin, bright green; sori roundish, each borne on the back of a vein; indusium membranous, hoodlike, attached by a broad base on its inner side. 1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. BRITtTLE FERN. Polypodium fragile L. Sp. Pl. 1091. 1753. Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Journ. Bot. Schrad. 1: 26. 1806. Typg LocaLity: “Habitat in collibus Europae frigidioris.”’ RanGeE: Throughout temperate North America, and in temperate regions around the world. New Mexico: Common in all the mountains from the Black Range and White Mountains northward. Transition Zone. 12. WOODSIA R. Br. Sori orbicular, borne on the back of simply forked, free veins; indusium inferior, thin, in ours conspicuous, breaking at the top and splitting into several laciniate lobes. Ferns with much the aspect of the fragile fern, but the fronds stiffer and the divi- sions shorter, the indusial characters, also, different. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Fronds lanceolate; pinne short, triangular-lanceolate, not glan- dular........ 0... e eee eee ee eee eee cee cece eee eens 1. W. mexicana, Fronds broader than lanceolate; pinnz longer, the subdivisions broader, glandular-hairy.............-.-.-+-+---++------ 2. W. plummerae. 1. Woodsia mexicana Fée, Mém. Foug. 7: 66. 1854. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Republica Mexicana, prope San Angel.”’ Ranae: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Winsors Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Sierra Grande; Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Organ Mountains; Gilmores Ranch. Transition Zone. 2. Woodsia plummerae Lemmon, Bot. Gaz. 7: 6. 1882. Woodsia obtusa glandulosa D. C. Eaton & Faxon, Bull. Torrey Club, 9: 50. 1882. Tyre Locauity: ‘On the north side of a high peak of the Chirricahua Mountains,” Arizona, Ranae: New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Burro Mountains (Rusby). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 27 13. POLYPODIUM L. Potyropy. Rootstocks elongated; fronds 5 to 20 cm. long, once pinnatifid into linear-oblong, obtuse or acute segments; sori rounded, exindusiate, borne at the ends of the veins midway between the margin and midrib. 1. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 18: 200. 1900. TyPE LOCALITY: Coyote Canyon, Lake Chelan, Washington. Range: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains (Miss C. C. Ellis). Damp woods. Miss Ellis reports that this is found in crevices and under rocks near Balsam, in Lagunita, and on ridges between the latter place and Las Huertas Canyon. The species should occur in some of the ranges in the western part of the State. Order 2. SALVINIALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Creeping plants with 4-parted petioled leaves of medium size........----2s+eeeeeceeeeeeeees 2. MARSILEACEAE (p. 27). Minute floating plants with closely imbricated, lobed fronds,.....--...--22.--- eee eee eee eee eee 8. SALVINIACEAE (p. 27). 2. MARSILEACEAE. 1. MARSILEA L. Herbaceous perennials growing in muddy places, with slender creeping stems and 4-foliolate long-petioled leaves; sporocarps borne at the base, in ours almost sessile, hard, reniform, 2-valved, several-celled, containing both kinds of spores, A single species so far obtained in New Mexico, but others will probably be found growing about pools in the mountains, A specimen in the U. 8. National Herbarium obtained by one of the collectors of the Mexican Boundary Survey is determined as M. uncinata A. Br. The label shows nothing as to place or time of collection. The published report states that Doctor Bigelow obtained this species in New Mexico, without further locality. The specimen referred to is very small but is probably correctly determined. 1. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Icon. Fil. 2: pl. 159. 1831. Type Locauity: ‘Ad flumenColumbiam, ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis.”’ Rance: Arkansas and Texas to California, north to Washington and British Columbia. New Mexico: Queen (Wooton), In mud. The single station at which this plant was found was near the top of the Upper Sonoran Zone, but the same species was collected by Wright near San Elizario, Texas, which is Lower Sonoran, while the range given by most authors suggests the Transition. 3. SALVINIACEAE. 1. AZOLLA Lam. Small floating plants with a more or less elongated and sometimes branching axis bearing leaves; sporocarps soft, thin-walled, two or more on a stalk, 1-celled; mega- sporangia containing 1 megaspore, the microsporangia bearing numerous microspores. 1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 541. 1810. Typrre Locauity: ‘ Habitat in aquis Carolinae.”’ Rance: New York to Florida, west to California and Oregon, New Mexico: Animas Creek (Metcalfe 1110). Floating in still water. 28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Order 3. EQUISETALES. 4, EQUISETACEAE. Horsetail Family. 1. EQUISETUM L. Horserat. Plant body rushlike, with jointed, mostly hollow stems; leaves reduced to a whorl of scales forming a sheath at the nodes; sporangia forming a terminal cone composed of peltate scales bearing several sporangia; spores all alike, supplied with coiled elaters attached at the middle and coiled spirally about the spore; prothallia terrestrial, green, usually dicecious, The family includes the plants which go under the name of “scouring rushes’”’ or “‘horsetails,’”’ which, while very numerous in past ages of the world, are now reduced to a single genus. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Annual; plant of two forms, one spore-bearing the other vege- tative; vegetative form much branched, with slender 4-angled branches; spore-bearing form not branched, brown......... 1, E. arvense. Perennial, not dimorphous, if branched at all the branches similar to the main stems, Stems nearly smooth, the tubercles inconspicuous; sheaths spreading upward; teeth deciduous, leaving a ring of triangular black tips..............2.-..5.-2-22-2-220-0- 2. E. laevigatum. Stems rough, the tubercles conspicuous; sheaths usually little or not at all spreading upward; teeth mostly adherent . to the bases. Stems generally less than 70 cm, high, frequently branched from the base........-......--- 220202 eee ee eee eee 3. FE. hiemale, Stems generally taller, 1 meter high or more, very hard and rough, usually little or not at all branched......... 4, EF. robustum, 1. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. Pl. 1061. 1753. Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Europe agris, pratis,’’ Range: British America to Virginia, New Mexico, and California, New Mexico: Taos; Rio Pueblo; Mogollon Mountains. Mountains, in the Transi- tion Zone. This is the common horsetail of the mountains, growing in very wet soil beside running water, It is usually associated with grasses, rushes, and sedges which cover the swampy meadows at elevations of 1,800 meters and more. Such meadows or marshy places usually go under the name of “ciénaga” (frequently corrupted to “siniky’’) or the diminutive “‘cienaguilla,’”’? The horsetail may be readily recognized in the vegetative state by its cluster of 4-angled jointed stems about 2 mm. in diameter, of a bright green color, that bear no proper leaves, The spore-bearing stalks are brown, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, 10 to 20 cm, high, and bear their cones singly at the top. They appear early in the spring, shed their spores, and soon die. 2. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 87, 1844, . SMOOTH SCOURING RUSH, Type Locauity: ‘On poor clayey soil, with Andropogon and other coarse grasses, at the banks of the river below St. Louis.”’ Rance: New Jersey and Louisiana to British Columbia, California, and Texas, New Mexico: Shiprock; Chama; Taos; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Ramah; Albuquerque; Mogollon Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Ruidoso Creek. In wet ground, in the Transition Zone, or lower, along streams, This is the chief scouring rush of the mountains, its smooth, hollow, jointed stems being common along most of the mountain streams and in the cienagas, There is but WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 29 one kind of stem produced; branching above the base is rare except when the plant is injured, Sometimes, though not frequently, it is somewhat branched from the base, The rather delicate texture and the somewhat spreading, smooth-topped, long sheaths tipped by a row of triangular black dots are characteristic. 3. Equisetum hiemale L. Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753. ScouRING RUSH. Type LocaLity: “Habitat in Europe sylvis, asperis, uliginosis,”’ RanGE: North America north of Mexico. New Mexico: Reserve; Gilmores Ranch; near Las Vegas, on the Gallinas River; Rio Grande near Mesilla. This is a common rush along the streams and ditches. The form here referred to is that spoken of as E. hiemale intermedium by Mr. A. A. Eaton. 4. Equisetum robustum A. Br. Amer. Journ. Sci. 46: 88. 1844. Type Locauity: ‘‘Islands of the Mississippi River in Louisiana.’’ Rance: New Jersey and Louisiana, westward across the continent. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Mesilla; Mogollon Mountains, Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. The large scouring rush occurs not uncommonly along the rivers and irrigating ditches at the lower levels of the State. It may not be sufficiently distinct from E. hiemale. Order 4. LYCOPODIALES. 5. SELAGINELLACEAE. Selaginella Family. Mosslike terrestrial plants, usually only a few centimeters high; stems slender, branching, erect or trailing; leaves small and scalelike, arranged in 4 to many rows; sporangia l-celled, globose, of two kinds, viz., megasporangia bearing 4 megaspores and microsporangia bearing many microspores, borne at the bases of the sporophylls, these differing little from foliage leaves. 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants erect, tufted, with roots only on the lower part; leaves with long terminal bristles and numerous marginal hairs on each side; plants grayish green..................0..200020----0- 1. S. rupincola, Plants more or less prostrate, forming mats, mostly rooting along the stems; leaves various; plants grayish or bright green. Stems very short, 6 cm. long or less; strobiles erect, 4-angled, usually longer than the vegetative branches........... 2. S. densa, Stems longer, 10 cm. or more; strobiles various. Megaspores irregularly wrinkled; strobiles erect; leaves and short stems frequently much crowded ........ 3. S. wrightit. Megaspores not wrinkled; strobiles hardly distinguish- able from the vegetative parts. Stems very slender, wiry, terete; leaves small, ap- pressed.......2.22.2 2222 eee 4. S. mutica. Stems weaker; leaves lax, dark green..............- 5. S. underwoodii. Selaginella lepidophylla, the ‘‘resurrection plant,’’ should be found in the Guadalupe Mountains near the southern boundary, or in the limestone mountains of the south- west corner. There is a single specimen of a species closely allied to S. arenicola Underw. in the National Herbarium, the label of which states that it was collected at Las Vegas by Plank. There is some uncertainty as to whether the specimen is correctly labeled; for this reason it is not listed here. Collectors should look for such a species in that region and farther east and south. 30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Selaginella rupincola Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 129. 1898. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘On perpendicular rocks, Organ Mountains.’’ New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 124). Rance: Mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: San Luis Mountains; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains. On rocks and ledges, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Selaginella densa Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 7. 1900. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Little Rocky Mountains,’’ Montana. Rance: Montana and western Nebraska to New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Hillsboro Peak. In the Transition Zone or higher. 3. Selaginella wrightii Hieron. Hedwigia 39: 298. 1900. TYPE LOCALITY: Western Texas. Type, Wright’s no. 828. Ranae: Western Texas and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Lakewood; Las Vegas. 4. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton; Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 128. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘‘New Mexico.”’ RanGE: Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos; Canada Alamosa; Organ Mountains. Damp cliffs in the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Selaginella underwoodii Hieron. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1*: 715. 1901. Selaginella rupestris fendleri Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 25: 127. 1898. Selaginella fendlert Hieron. Hedwigia 39: 303. 1900, not Baker, 1883. Type Locauity: New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 1024). RanGaeE: Colorado, New Mexico, and southward. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Folsom; Ramah; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Bear Mountain; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. On rocky walls and ledges in the mountains, in the Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian zones. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA. Seed-bearing plants. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 5. PINALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Leaves needle-like; carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate; ovules inverted; cones dry...... 6. PINACEAE (p. 30). Leaves scalelike or awllike; carpellary scales without bracts, fleshy or peltate; ovules erect; cones berrylike................--2----------------0-- 7. JUNIPERACEAE (p. 35). 6. PINACEAE. Pine Family. Large evergreen trees with needle-shaped leaves; infertile flowers in short catkins; fertile flowers in scaly aments, becoming cones, with 2 or more ovules at the base of each scale; fertile scales numerous, spirally imbricated. KEY TO THE GENERA. Leaves fascicled, inclosed by sheaths at the base, at least when young; cones maturing the second year.....- 1. Pinus (p. 31). Leaves solitary, not sheathed; cones maturing the first year, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 31 Branches rough with the persistent leaf bases; leaves quadrangular, falling off when dried; cone scales thin and persistent; cones pendulous... 2. Picea (p. 33). Branches smooth; leaves flat, persistent in dried speci- mens; cone scales and cones various. Cones erect, the scales deciduous; bracts of the cones not exserted; leaves sessile, leaving circular scars....--..-.-2-0.eee eee eee eens 3. ABres (p. 34). Cones pendulous, the scales persistent; bracts of the cone scales conspicuously exserted, 3-parted; leaves petioled, leaving oval SCATS.. 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee ee 4. PsEUDOTSUGA (p. 35). 1. PINUS L. PIne. Large or small trees with needle-shaped leaves in fascicles of 2 or more, surrounded by a persistent or deciduous sheath at the base. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves in fascicles of 2, short and curved, 3 to 4 cm. long; cones small, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds not winged.................- 1. P. edulis. Leaves in fascicles of 3 to 5; leaves, cones, and scales various. Leaves in fascicles of 3 (rarely 4). Leaves 4 cm. long or less.................20.-2-020-022002- 2. P. cembroides. Leaves 6 cm. long or more. Sheaths persistent and conspicuous; leaves 10 to 25 cm. long; cones 7 to 15 cm. long............ 3. P. brachyptera. Sheaths deciduous; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long; cones 3 to 5 cm. long.........2--22-- 222-2222 ee eee eee 4, P. chihuahuana. Leaves in fascicles of 5. Cones 10 to 18 cm. long, the scales with unarmed append- ages; seeds with only rudimentary wings; leaves slender, 4 to 8 cm. long. Leaves entire......-----22-2222-2-0-2--------------- 5. P. flevilis. Leaves serrulate.............0000.0-020020- ee eee eee 6. P. strobiformis. Cones 5 to 7 cm. long, the scales with armed appendages; seeds with conspicuous wings; leaves various. Leaves short and stout, 2 to 4 cm. long, curved, crowded; cone scales with long weak spines; cones 6 to 7 cm. long..................-2.2.-- 7. P. aristata. Leaves longer, 6 to 10 cm., straight, not crowded; cone scales with short and rigid spines; cones 5 to 6 em. long....... 2... eee ee eee eee 8. P. arizonica. 1. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 88. 1848. PINYON. Caryopitys edulis Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 29. 1903. Pinus cembroides edulis Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907. Type Locauity: ‘‘Not rare from the Cimarron to Santa Fe, and probably throughout New Mexico.”’ Type collected by Wislizenus in 1847. Rance: Colorado and Utah to western Texas and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Common on low hills and high plains everywhere west of the Pecos, and in the mountains of the northeastern corner of the State. Upper Sonoran Zone. A small, rather scraggy tree, 10 to 12 meters high or less, with rough, dark-colored bark, dark green leaves, and small, ovoid cones with the scales widely spreading when mature, The tree occurs in the drier foothills, associated with junipers and 32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, several evergreen oaks, at elevations of 1,500 to 2,150 meters, almost throughout the State. The wood is soft and decays rapidly, so that it is poor for firewood or fence posts and is but little used. Large quantities of the seeds are gathered every year to be eaten. They are very palatable, having a sweet flavor, especially after having been roasted. The tree is one of the most characteristic plants of the Upper Sonoran Zone, not occurring outside that division. 2. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 1: 392. 1832. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Crescit in montibus altioribus imperii mexicana V.C.ad ecclesiam S. Crucis prope Sultepec.”’ Ranae: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and south- ward. New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Goldman 1408). Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Pinus brachyptera Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848. YELLOW PINE. Pinus engelmanni Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 141. 1856. Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelm. in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 126. 1880. Pinus scopulorum Lemmon, Gard. & For. 1897: 183. 1897. Type Locauity: ‘‘Mountains of New Mexico.”’ Type collected by Wislizenus in 1847. . RanaeE: Throughout the Rocky Mountains, from the northern boundary of the United States to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges of the State, which reach an altitude of 2,100 meters or more. Transition Zone. This is the most common tree of New Mexico and Arizona, and constitutes per- haps two-thirds of the timber of the former State. It is certainly first in importance from the standpoint of quantity and quality of lumber. It occurs only in the moun- tains at elevations of from 1,800 to 2,850 meters, being associated with the pinyon in the lower edge of this belt, and with Pinus flexilis and Pseudotsuga near its upper limit, rarely forming pure forests. The older trees are frequently over 35 meters high and the trunks from 80 to 100 cm. in diameter. The bark loses its outer layers and becomes cut into irregular quadrangular segments, which are smooth and of light reddish or yellowish brown color. Younger trees, with trunks 45 cm. or less in diame- ter, have darker colored bark and are generally known to the lumbermen as a dif- ferent tree—their ‘‘jack pine.’’ Lumber made from the larger trees is usually spoken of as ‘‘Arizona” pine in distinction from ‘‘Texas” pine, and is regarded as the most valuable soft wood of the region. The inner bark of this and other conifers was chewed or eaten by tae Indians in earlier times when other food was wanting. To-day some of the tribes remove the bark from the trunks to secure an exudation of resin which they use in coating their wicker water bottles. Upon the Mescalero Apache Reservation one sees many trees killed by this girdling. 4. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848. Pinus leiophylla chihuahuana Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 14. 1909. Typr LocaLity: ‘Mountains of Chihuahua. Rance: Mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Animas and San Luis mountains. Transition Zone. 5. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823. WHITE PINE. Apinus flevilis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Arid plains subjacent to the Rocky Mountains, and * * * * up their sides to the region of perpetual frost.”’ RanGeE: Northern Mexico to southern Alberta. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 33 New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; White and Sacramento mountains; Capitan Mountains. High mountains, chiefly in the Canadian Zone. A medium-sized tree, 15 to 25 meters high, found only in the higher parts of the mountains, usually associated with the firs and spruces, at elevations of from 2,400 to 3,000 meters. It is not very abundant, although it is valued next to the yellow pine for its timber. The cone is large and pendent. The seeds are large for the genus and can be eaten like those of the pinyon, but they have thicker and harder shells. 6. Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. MEXICAN WHITE PINE. Pinus ayacahuite brachyptera Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb. 1: 11. 1909, not P. brachyptera Engelm. 1848. Tyre LOCALITY: Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua. Rance: Northern Mexico to southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Franeys Peak; San Luis Mountains. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. A tree very similar to the preceding, nowhere abundant. It occurs within our area only in the southwestern corner of the State. Reports of its occurrence elsewhere in New Mexico doubtless refer to Pinus flerilis. 7. Pinus aristata Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 331. 1862. FoxtTalL PINE. Type Locauity: ‘‘Pikes Peak and high mountains of the Snowy Range,’’ Colorado. Rance: Higher mountains of Colorado and northern New Mexico to Nevada and California. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Grass Mountain; Costilla Pass; Baldy. Canadian and Hudsonian zones. A dark green, scrubby tree, 10 to 12 meters high or less, with short leaves curved toward the ends of the branches. It occurs only in the higher mountains at alti- tudes of 3,000 meters or more, and nowhere in abundance. On the higher peaks at or above timber line the plants are low and stunted, often spreading over the ground, forming what the Germans call ‘“‘Krumholz.’’ This is the result of the high velocity of the wind at these altitudes. 8. Pinus arizonica Engelm. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 6: 261. 1878. ARIZONA YELLOW PINE. Pinus ponderosa arizonica Shaw, Publ. Arn. Arb, 1: 24. 1909. Type Locauity: ‘On the Santa Rita Mountains,’’ Arizona. Ranae: Mountains of northern Mexico and southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Summit of Animas Peak (Goldman 1360). Transition Zone. 2. PICEA Link. Spruce. Conical trees with short stiff sharp-pointed solitary leaves standing out in all direc- tions from the stems; cones pendulous, their scales rather thin, persistent, the bracts shorter than the scales. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Young branches and leaf bases pubescent; cones short, 3 to 5 cm. long; leaves dull green, not glaucous.......-.-.-.---+--+--- 1. P. engelmanni. Young branches and leaf bases glabrous; cones longer, 5 to 9 cm. long; leaves on the older parts usually dark green, the young ones glaucous and light-colored.........-+--+++--+-----++e+: 2. P. parryana. 52576°—15 3 34. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Picea engelmanni Parry; Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 212. 1863. ENGELMANN SPRUCE. Abies engelmanni Parry, loc. cit. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the headwaters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers. RanGE: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Bonito. Higher moun- tains, Canadian and Hudsonian zones. A conical tree 20 to 25 meters high or less, with smooth, thin, flaky bark, dark ~ green foliage, and pendulous cones borne mostly on the uppermost branches. Itoccurs only in the higher mountains at 2,700 to 3,300 meters where there is permanent moisture, frequently forming dense pure forests. It is also found on the faces of cliffs and on the tops of mountains up to timber line, where it is generally straggling and dwarfed. When growing alone itis usually perfectly conical, bearing nearly horizontal branches almost to the ground. The cones are small and purplish until maturity, when they become dry and brown. 2. Picea parryana Parry, Gard. Chron. 11: 334. 1879. CoLoRADO BLUE SPRUCE. Abies parryana Engelm.; Parry, loc. cit. TYPE LocA.ity: Not stated. Rance: Higher mountains of New Mexico and Arizona, northward to Wyoming. New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; Sandia Mountains; James Canyon; White Mountain Peak. Canadian and Hudsonian zones. Very similar to the preceding, but the young leaves covered with a bloom which gives rise to the name of ‘‘blue spruce,’’ and the bark thick and deeply furrowed- The range is similar to that of the Engelmann spruce, although usually at slightly lower levels, and the value of the timber is about the same. The lumber is in both cases rather poor, being weak and spongy, and full of knots. It is used to some extent for making boxes. The Colorado blue spruce is a much better tree for decorative purposes because of its color and also because it is a more rapid grower. It does well at Santa Fe and could, no doubt, be used in other places of similar ele- vation if properly cared for. 3. ABIES Link. Fim. Large trees with spreading or ascending branches; leaves flat, blunt, short, so arranged as to make the branches appear flat; cones erect, cylindrical, borne near the top of the tree, their scales thin and deciduous. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Bark thin, smooth, corky...........----.---20--2200220000- wee e cece 2 A. arizonica, Bark thick, rough, not corky. Resin ducts of the leaves within the soft tissue, remote from the epidermis......... 2.2222... e eee eee eee eee eee cece eee 2. A. lasiocarpa. Resin ducts near the epidermis, on the lower side of the leaf.... 3. 4. concolor. 1. Abies arizonica Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 116. 1896. CORK-BARK FIR. Type Locauity: “West slope of San Francisco Mountain, Arizona,’? RanGeE: Higher mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Twining; Sandia Mountains; Baldy; Baldy Peak, Mogollon Mountains. Hudsonian Zone. A small conical tree growing in cooler situations in dense mixed forests, usually associated with spruce and aspen. It is easily recognized by its thin, smooth, white, corky bark, which persists after the tree has decayed, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 35 2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 3: 138. 1849. Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 163. 1842. Type Locauity: ‘Interior of N. W. America.’’ RanGE: British America to Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Brazos Canyon; Pecos Baldy. . Mountains, in the Canadian Zone. 3. Abies concolor Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 210. 1850. BaLsAM FIR. Pinus concolor Engelm.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 155. 1858. TyPE Loca.ity: “Mountains of New Mexico.” Ranae: Oregon and California to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; Trinchera Pass; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains; Capitan Mountains. Moun- tains, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. 4. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. DovuGLAs sPRUCE. Large tree; leaves solitary, short-petiolate, flat, obtuse: cones ovate-oblong, pendu- lous, the bracts 3-parted, longer than the scales. 1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895. Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832. Abies douglasit Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833. Pseudotsuga douglasti Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256. 1867. Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 8: 74. 1889. Type LocaLity: Mouth of Columbia River, Oregon. Rance: Alaska to Arizona and western Texas. New Mexico: Common in all the higher mountains from the Las Vegas, Sacramento, and Organ ranges westward. Mountains, chiefly in the Canadian Zone. This is the largest tree of the New Mexican mountains, in favorable situations over 60 meters high, with a trunk 2 meters or more in diameter. The bark is rough and dark-colored; the short (25 mm. or less) and obtuse leaves are arranged like those of the balsam fir. It may be most easily recognized by the cones, which are rela- tively small, composed of persistent thin scales, with the 3-parted bracts protrud- ing a centimeter or more from beneath each scale. The tree occurs in mixed forests with yellow pine and the true spruces, at elevations ranging from 2,250 to 3,150 meters, sometimes reaching timber line. In the northern part of the State it often forms extensive pure stands in which there is little or no other vegetation. The lumber is of good quality. In cultivation the Douglas spruce makes an excellent decorative tree. 7. JUNIPERACEAE. Juniper Family. Low trees or shrubs with much imbricated, short, scalelike or awllike leaves; cones composed of fleshy or peltate scales, without bracts; fruit berry-like, dehiscent or indehiscent. KEY TO THE GENERA. Cones dry, woody, dehiscent.................22.-.--------- 1. Cupressus (p. 35). Cones fleshy, indehiscent.............-.-2.-..-------------- 2. JUNIPERUS (p. 36). 1. CUPRESSUS L. Cypress. Small tree with short imbricated leaves; cones dry, woody, dehiscent, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, composed of 6 to 8 peltate scales; seeds small, narrowly winged. 1. Cupressus arizonica Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 64.1882. Arizona CYPRESS. Cupressus benthami arizonica Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 31: 340. 1896. 36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. TypE Locauity: ‘‘On the mountains back of Clifton, in the extreme eastern part of Arizona,” Rance: Mountains of southern Arizona and northern Mexico, coming into the southwestern corner of New Mexico. New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Mearns 437, 560, 2244). 2. JUNIPERUS L. Junieer. CEDAR. Large or small shrubs with awl-shaped or scalelike leaves; cones indehiscent, fleshy or fibrous; seeds 1 to 4, ovoid. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves on mature branches not scalelike, 6 to 12 mm. long, smooth and shining above, glaucous beneath; a low shrub less that a meter high, often spreading. ...........2....0.22-.200 000 1. J. sibirica. Leaves on mature branches scalelike, less than 5 mm. long, of the same color on both surfaces; large shrubs or small trees several meters high, never spreading. Seeds 3 or 4; branchlets smooth; leaves with a conspicuous resinous exudate; bark of the trunk broken into irregu- lar quadrangular plates..........-..--..----+---++--+-- 2. J. pachyphloea. Seeds 1 or 2; branchlets mostly scaly; leaves not with a resinous exudate; bark shreddy or stringy. Fruit large, about 15 mm. in diameter...............---- 3. J. megalocarpa. Fruit small, 10 mm. in diameter or less. Branchlets slender, drooping; fruit 2-seeded; leaves S-ranked......... 222.222.2222 2c eee ee eee eee 4. J. scopulorum. Branchlets rigid, erect; fruit mostly 1-seeded; leaves 2-ranked. Fruit large, 7 to 10 mm. long, oblong, brown and fibrous at maturity; leaves short and obtuse..........2... 22. 5. J. utahensts, Fruit small, 5 to 7 mm. long, little if at all longer than thick, bluish, fleshy; leaves acute, long....... cece eee e eee e eee e ee eeeeeees 6. J. monosperma. 1. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787. JUNIPER. Juniperus communis sibirica Rydb. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896. TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Rance: New Mexico to Alaska and Labrador. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Taos Mountains; San- dia Mountains. Deep woods, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. 2. Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 142. 1857. ALLIGATOR JUNIPER. TypE Locauiry: Zuni Mountains, New Mexico. Rance: Arizona and western Texas to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Common from the Zuni Mountains, Black Range, Capitan Moun- tains, and Guadalupe Mountains southward and westward across the State. Low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. A round-topped tree 10 meters high or less, with a short, thick trunk, covered with thick, checkered bark which gives it its name of ‘‘alligator-bark juniper.’’ On the cliffs at higher elevations it often attains a great age, developing a short and very thick trunk. The fruit is rather large for the genus, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, ripen- ing the second year. This is the common juniper in the southern part of the State in the foothills. The wood is used for fuel and to some extent for fence posts, although that of other species is preferred. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 37 3. Juniperus megalocarpa Sudworth, For. & Irr. 13: 307. 1907. Sabina megalocarpa Cockerell, Muhlenbergia 3: 143. 1908. Tyre Locality: ‘‘Midway between Alma and Frisco, about 3 miles above the ‘Widow Kelley’s’ ranch on the San Francisco River,’’ New Mexico. RanGeE: Known only from type locality. A tree 9 to 15 meters high, the trunk 60 to 120 cm. in diameter; leaves in 3’s, yellowish green. This tree seems to have been first discovered in this same locality by Mr. Vernon Bailey of the Biological Survey, U. 8. Department of Agriculture, who made some excellent photographs of it which we have seen. 4. Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897. Rocky MoOuNTAIN JUNIPER. Sabina scopulorum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905. Type Locality: Not definitely stated. RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to Arizona and western Texas. New Mexico: Coolidge; Rivera; Santa Fe; Pecos; Cebolla; Las Vegas; Stinking Lake; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, often extending into the lower part of the Transition. A beautiful though small tree, with dark green foliage and slender branches droop- ing at the ends. The fruit is small, blue, and succulent. The Rocky Mountain juniper occurs only in the higher mountains, associated sometimes with the common cedar (Juniperus monosperma), more often with pines. When growing alone it takes on a fine conical form with branches quite to the ground, rendering it an ideal tree for lawns. 5. Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon, Calif. Board For. Rep. 8: 183. 1890. UTAH JUNIPER, Juniperus californica utahensis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 588. 1877. Sabina utahensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905. Tyre Locauity: ‘“‘Southern parts of Utah and into Arizona and Nevada.”’ Rance: Wyoming to New Mexico, west to southeastern California. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Aztec; Carrizo Mountains; Frisco; Dona Ana Mountains. Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. A stiff, upright, much branched tree, coming into New Mexico from the northwest. It differs from the next chiefly in the larger size and different color of its fruit. It is probably much more common than the citations would indicate. 6. Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 10: 89. 1889. ONE-SEEDED JUNIPER. Juniperus occidentalis monosperma Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 590. 1877. Sabina monosperma Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 598. 1905. Type Locauity: ‘‘From Pikes Peak region of Colorado through west Texas and New Mexico to Arizona and California.”’ RanGE: Colorado to Nevada, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Common on foothills and high plains throughout the State. Upper Sonoran Zone. This is the common juniper of the State. It is a low, much branched, frequently very scraggy tree, 4 to 8 meters high. Under favorable conditions it assumes an ‘almost perfectly conical shape. The bark is gray and shreddy or stringy, the leaves of a rather yellowish green, and the fruit small and succulent. The wood does not decay readily and is much used for fence posts. It will no doubt prove of value as a decorative tree for lawns at elevations of from 1,800 to 2,250 meters, We are unable to separate from this Juniperus pinchoti Sudworth.1 Some of the material from the eastern side of the State should belong to that species. So far as 1 For. & Irr. 13: 307. 1907. The type came from Paloduro Canyon in the Pan- handle of Texas. 38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. we have been able to judge from the description and from the type material, the only difference suggested between the two is that the stumps left after J. pinchoti has been cut produce sprouts while those of J. monosperma do not, scarcely a sub- stantial specific difference. As a matter of fact the stumps left after trees of the com- mon cedar have been cut down often send up sprouts, just as they are said to do in this lately published species. What is probably a form of J. monosperma, or possibly a distinct species, was described by Lemmon! as Juniperus occidentalis gymnocarpa. It is said to have the solitary seed partly exposed at the apex, hence the name. Mr. Lemmon states that this form is “abundant on the Sandia Mountains, near Albuquerque,’ New Mexico. No specimens have been seen by the writers. The same form has been collected near Fort Huachuca, Arizona, by Gen. T. E. Wilcox. Order 6. GNETALES. 7a. EPHEDRACEAE, Joint-fir Family. 1. EPHEDRA L. Shrubs 2 meters high or less, with slender terete striate stems; leaves reduced to small scarious bracts disposed in whorls at the nodes; flowers dicecious; fruit consisting of 1 or more seeds inclosed in few or many, chaffy, brownish or greenish scales, Our species occur in the drier and lower parts of the State, on the sandy mesas, along arroyos, and on the rocky low slopes of the mountains, associated with mesquite, creosote bush, cactus, desert willow, and the like. A tea made by boiling the branches in water is used by the Mexicans and Indians as a remedy for venereal diseases and kidney affections. A chemical analysis shows a relatively high percentage of tannin in the stems. The shrubs are variously known as ‘‘popotillo,’’ ‘‘cafiatillo,’’ ‘“Mormon tea,’’ and ‘‘Brigham Young weed,” as also by several other names. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaf scales in 2’s; cone scales few. Scales of the fruit acutish; fruit sharply angled; branches very numerous, erect, bright green................. Ll. E. viridis. Scales rounded-obtuse; fruit scarcely angled; branches few, somewhat spreading, yellowish....................-. 2. EB. antisyphilitica. Leaf scales in 3’s; cone scales numerous. Leaf scales 5 mm. long or less, merely acute, not acerose; fruit scabrous, less than 10 mm. long................ 3. H, torreyana. Leaf scales 8 to 10 mm. long, acerose; fruit smooth, 10 to 13 mm. long....-.....---. 2... eee e eee eee ee eee eee 4, EH. trifurca. 1. Ephedra viridis Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 4: 220. 1893. Tyre Locauity: Near Crystal Spring, Coso Mountains, Inyo County, California. Rance: Southeastern California to Utah and western New Mexico. New Mexico: Western San Juan County; common. Mesas and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer, Monogr. Ephedra 101. 1846. Type Locauiry: “Hab. in Mexici provincia orientali Coahuila, prope Laredo ad Rio del Norte.” Ran@eE: Colorado and Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Bishops Cap; Tortugas Mountain. Mesasand dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, | 1 Handbook of West-American cone-bearers 80. 1895. WOOTTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 39 3. Ephedra torreyana 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 299. 1899. Type Locauity: “New Mexico to 8. Utah.” RanGE: Colorado to California and Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Santa Fe; Albuquerque; Nara Visa; Organ Mountains; San Andreas Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; White Sands; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 4, Ephedra trifurca Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848. Tyre Locauty: “From the region between the Del Norte and the Gila, and the hills bordering the latter river to the desert west of the Colorado.”’ RanGeE: Colorado and Utah to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Gila; San Antonio; Carrizalillo Mountains; Dem- ing; Las Cruces; Organ Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order:7. PANDANALES. 8. TYPHACEAE. Cattail Family. 1.TYPHA L. Carta. Tall marsh plant with creeping rootstocks and glabrous erect terete stems; leaves narrow, flat, striate; flowers monccious, densely crowded in terminal spikes, the pistillate flowers below and the staminate above; ovary 1, stipitate, 1 or 2-celled. 1. Typha latifolia L. Sp. Pl. 971. 1753. Type Ltocauitry: “ Habitat in paludibus Europae.”’ Ranae: Throughout most of North America; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Farmington; Shiprock; Pecos; Mangas Springs; Fort Bayard; along the Rio Grande from Albuquerque to El] Paso. In swamps and marshes, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The Mexicans use the stems for a thatch upon which to lay mud roofs. Order 8. NAIADALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Gyncecium of distinct carpels; stigmas disklike or cuplike ............-.------------- 9. POTAMOGETONACEAE (p. 39). Gyncecium of united carpels; stigmasslender.. 10. NAIADACEAE (p. 41). 9. POTAMOGETONACEAE. Pondweed Family. Aquatic herbs with jointed leafly stems; leaves sheathing at the base or stipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, the perianth of 4 or 6 distinct valvate segments, or tubular, or none; stamens 1, 2, 4, or 6; ovaries 1 to 6, distinct, 1-celled, usually 1l-ovuled; fruit indehiscent. KEY TO THE GENERA. Flowers perfect, spicate; stamens 4............----------- 1. POTAMOGETON (p. 40). Flowers moncecious, axillary; stamen 1l...............--- 2. ZANICHELLIA (p. 40). 40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. POTAMOGETON L. PonpweEep. Leaves all or only partly submerged, alternate, the blades broad or narrow; stipules more or less united and sheathing; flowers spicate; sepals and stamens 4; ovaries 4. It is probable that we have more species in the State than are listed here. The material is difficult of collection and is usually neglected by collectors. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Leaves of two kinds, floating and submerged. Submerged leaves with blades; floating leaves elliptic. ........ 1. P. americanus. Submerged leaves without blades; floating leaves oval........ 2. P. natans. Leaves all submerged, narrow, sessile. Stipules free; spike continuous; fruits few............ eeeeeee 3. P. foliosus. Stipules adnate to the petioles; spikes interrupted; fruits NUMETOUS. ...... 22-2222 ee eee eee teen eee 4. P. interior. 1. Potamogeton americanus Schlecht. & Cham. Linnea 2: 226. pl. 6. f. 26. 1827. Potamogeton lonchites Tuck. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 6: 226. 1848. Type Locatity: North America. RanaeE: In ponds and slow streams throughout North America except in the extreme northern part. New Mexico: Collected by Fendler (no. 837), probably about Santa Fe. 2. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. Pl. 126. 1753. TypPE LocaLity: European. Rance: In still water throughout most of North America except the extreme north; also in Europe and Asia, New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7557). 3. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. Med. Repos. N. Y. n. ser, 5: 354. 1808. Potamogeton gramineum L. err. det. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 102. 1803. Potamogeton pauciflorus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 121. 1814. Tyre Locauity: “Hab. in rivis affluente mari inundatis Carolinae inferioris,”’ Rance: In streams and ponds nearly throughout North America. New Mexico: Tularosa Creek near Aragon; Canada Creek at Ojo Caliente; Berendo Creek. 4. Potamogeton interior Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 13. 1906. Potamogeton marinus occidentalis Robbins; 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 339. 1871. Potamogeton filiformis occidentalis A. Benn. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 9: 102. 1905. TYPE Loca.ity: Colorado. RanGE: Ontario and Northwest Territory to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Farmington; Cedar Hill; Carlsbad; Roswell. The following species are represented by specimens the localities for which are uncertain but are probably in New Mexico or adjacent Texas: Potamogeton pectinatus L. Wright 1894. Potamogeton pusillus L. Wright 1896. 2. ZANICHELLIA L. Hornep ponpDWEED. Leaves linear, mostly opposite, with sheathing stipules; flowers moncecious, sessile, axillary, the staminate ones consisting of a single stamen; ovaries 2 to 5, forming oblique oblong indehiscent nutlets in fruit. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 41 1. Zanichellia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 969. 1753. Typr tocauity: “Habitat in Europae, Virginiae fossis, fluviis.’’ Rana: In streams and ponds throughout North America except the extreme north; also in Eurasia. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Manguitas Spring; Salt Lake; Cienaga Ranch; Fort Tularosa; Roswell. 10. NAIADACEAE. Naias Family. 1. NAIAS L. Naras. Slender branched aquatic, entirely submerged, with fibrous roots, numerous oppo- site or fasciculate leaves, and moncecious or dicecious, sessile or pedicellate, axillary, inconspicuous flowers; mature carpel solitary, sessile, ellipsoid, with a crustaceous pericarp. 1. Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 37: 60. 1893. Caulinia guadalupensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 20. 1825. Type Locauity: “Insula Guadalupa.”’ Range: Floating in water, Nebraska and Oregon to Florida and Tropical America. New Mexico: Lake La Jara (Standley 8274). Order 9. ALISMALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Petals and sepals similar; anthers long and narrow; carpels coherent.........--.----------+--+-- 11. JUNCAGINACEAE (p. 41). Petals and sepals unlike, the former white; anthers short and thick; carpels not coherent........ 12. ALISMACEAE (p. 42). 11, JUNCAGINACEAE. Arrow grass Family. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow Grass. Perennial herbs with fleshy grasslike leaves clustered at the base of the scapelike stem; flowers small, spicate, with 3 ovate sepals and 3 similar petals; stamens 3 or 6; ovaries 3 or 6, united, the capsule splitting at maturity into 3 or 6 carpels. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Carpels 6; plants tall, 60 to 80 cm. high, stout..-...-------.-...--- 1. T. maritimum. Carpels 3; plants low, 35 cm. high or less, slender.........-......-- 2. T. palustre. 1. Triglochin maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 339. 1753. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europae maritimis.”’ Rance: Throughout the United States and in Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Fitzgerald Cienaga; Mescalero Agency; Tularosa. Marshes, in the Transition Zone. 2. Triglochin palustre L. Sp. Pl. 338. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae inundatis uliginosis.’’ RanGE: Widely distributed in North America; also in South America, Europe, and Asia. New Mexico: Grass Mountain; Rio Pueblo; Silver Spring Canyon. Wet ground, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 12. ALISMACEAE. Water-plantain Family. Marsh herbs with fibrous roots, scapose stems, spongy petioles, and oval or sagittate leaf blades; leaves all radical; flowers perfect, monecious, or dicecious; perianth of 3 herbaceous persistent sepals and as many white deciduous petals; stamens 6 or more; ovaries numerous, becoming 1-seeded achenes. KEY TO THE GENERA. Leaf blades ovate or oblong; all flowers perfect; carpels not winged; inflorescence paniculate............ 1. AnmsMmA (p. 42). Leaf blades sagittate; all or part of the flowers unisexual; carpels winged; inflorescence raceme-like. Lower flowers of the inflorescence pistillate; pedicels slender; leaves longer than broad............ 2. Saarrraria (p. 42). Lower flowers of the inflorescence perfect; pedicels stout; leaves broader than long.............. 3. LopHotocarrPus (p. 42). 1. ALISMA L. WaATER-PLANTAIN. Perennial with long-petioled leaves, ovate or oblong, acute blades, and 1 or 2 scapes terminating in a loose pyramidal panicle; flowers small; carpels numerous, in a simple circle on a flattened receptacle. 1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 342. 1753. Tyre Locauiry: “Habitat in Europae aquosis & ad ripas fluviorum, lacuum.” Ranae: Nearly throughout North America; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Near Horace (Wooton). Wet ground. 2. SAGITTARIA IL. Arrow HEAD. Stoloniferous perennial herbs with long-petioled sheathing leaves with sagittate blades; stems simple, bearing a few whorls of flowers, the staminate flowers above, the pistillate below; ovaries many, on a globular receptacle, becoming flat membranous winged achenes. 1. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1895. TYPE LOCALITY: Oregon. Rance: British America southward through the western United States. New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Taos; Santa Fe; Belen; Reserve. Wet ground chiefly in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. LOPHOTOCARPUS Durand. A perennial herb similar to the preceding, but the lower flowers of the inflorescence perfect instead of pistillate; leaves broadly sagittate. 1. Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Smith, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 25. 1894. Sagittaria calycina Engelm. in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 212. 1859. Sagittaria calycina maxima Engelm. loc. cit. Sagittaria calycina media Engelm. loc. cit. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘On the Red River, Louisiana.” Rance: South Dakota and Delaware to Alabama and New Mexico. New Mexico: Mesilla (Wooton 74). Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Order 10. POALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Leaves 2-ranked; margins of sheaths not united; stems mostly hollow..................0 2c eee eee cee eee 13. POACEAE (p. 43). Leaves 3-ranked; margins of sheaths united; stems solid. 14, CYPERACEAE (p. 110). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 43 13. POACEAE. Grass Family.’ Fibrous-rooted annual or perennial herbs, often with rootstocks, with jointed, usually hollow, cylindrical stems and 2-ranked leaves, their blades parallel-veined, mostly long and narrow, their bases forming an open or rarely a closed sheath around the stem; inflorescence an open or spikelike panicle, a raceme, or a spike; flowers usually perfect, small, without a distinct perianth, arranged in spikelets, these con- sisting of an articulate axis (rachilla) and 3 to many 2-ranked bracts, the lower 2 (glumes) being empty, the succeeding 1 or more (lemmas) each containing in its axil a single flower subtended by a palea; stamens usually 3; pistil 1, with a 1-celled, 1-ovuled ovary, 2 styles, and plumose stigmas; fruit a caryopsis with a starchy endo- sperm and a small embryo. KEY TO THE TRIBES. Spikelets dorsally compressed, falling from the pedicels entire, 1-flowered, or some- times with a rudimentary flower below the perfect one. Lemma and palea hyaline, much more delicate in texture than the glumes, Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate borne in the lower, the staminate in the upper part of the same spike.............-.-.-------- I. MAYDEAE. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, the former perfect, the latter perfect or with a staminate flower, often reduced to 1 or 2 scales............22---- 2-2 eee eee eee ee eee I. ANDROPOGONEAE. Lemmas, at least those of the perfect flowers, similar in texture to the glumes or thicker and firmer, never hyaline. Lemma and palea membranous; spikelets in groups of 3, these falling together from the continuous axis.............---0-++-+--- 2+ III. ZOYSIEAE, Lemma and palea chartaceous to coriaceous, different in color and texture from the glumes; spikelets various..................-IV. PANICEAE. Spikelets laterally compressed, at least at maturity, the glumes usually persistent on the pedicel or rachis after the fall of the florets, 1 to many-flowered, the rudi- mentary flower, if any, usually uppermost. Spikelets in 2 rows, sessile or nearly so. Spikelets on one side of the continuous axis, forming one-sided spikes, these digitate or paniculate............------------- VII. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets alternate on opposite sides of a channeled, sometimes articulate, axis; spikes solitary..........------------ see eee eens X. HORDEAE, Spikelets borne in an open or spikelike panicle or raceme, usually upon distinct pedicels. Spikelets with 1 perfect flower. No rudimentary or staminate floret below the perfect one. V. PHALARIDEAE., A pair of rudimentary or staminate florets below the perfect one. VI. AGROSTIDEAE, Spikelets 2 to many-flowered. Lemmas usually shorter than the glumes; awn dorsal or from between the teeth of the bidentate apex, usually bent..... VII. AVENEAE. Lemmas usually longer than the glumes; awn terminal (rarely dorsal in Bromus) and straight, or none.......--..--- IX. FESTUCEAE. 1 For a more extended account of New Mexican grasses from an economic stand- point, see Wooton and Standley, N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81. 1912. 44 KEY TO THE GENERA. Tribe I. MAYDEAE. A single genus.........2..2-2- 20 2c eee cece ee eee eee 1. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, TRIPSACUM (p. 49). Tribe 1, ANDROPOGONEAE. Spikelets all pedicellate, the longer pediceled one per- fect, long-awned, the short-pediceled one stami- nate, awnless.............-02.-0ceeeeeeeeeeeee Some of the spikelets sessile, these perfect, the pedi- cellate spikelets staminate, sterile, or reduced to a pedicel. Spikelets all awnless...............2.2....200-- 3. Perfect spikelets awned. Lower spikelets unlike the others............ 9. Sessile spikelets all alike. Racemes single; rachis joints with a cup- shaped appendage at the tip...... 4, Racemes 2 or more; rachis joints not ap- pendaged. Rachis joints and pedicels sulcate, translucent................-. 5. Rachis neither sulcate nor trans- lucent, Some of the racemes sessile... .. 6. All the racemes pedunculate. Pedicellate spikelets re- duced to a pedicel... 8. Pedicellate spikelets stami- Tribe I. ZOYSIEAE. Second glumes covered with hooked spines.......... 10. . Hmaria (p. 53). Second glumes not spiny............-...-2---2-2----- Tribe IV. PANICEAE. Spikelets involucrate. Involucre a spiny bur, falling with the spikelets. .20. Involucre of numerous bristles, persistent on the axis after the fall of the spikelets.......... 19. Spikelets not involucrate. Glumezs, at least the second, awned or cuspidate. .18. Glumes not awned. Spikelets lanceolate; fruit cartilaginous, not rigid, the white hyaline margins of the lemma not inrolled. Spikelets densely covered with long silky hairs....................--- 12, Spikelets glabrous or nearly so. Inflorescence of slender racemes, digitately arranged........... 13. Inflorescence a capillary panicle... .14. 2. TRACHYPOGON (p. 49). ELYONURUS (p. 49). HETEROPOGON (p. 52). ScHIZACHYRIUM (p. 49). AMPHILOPHIS (p. 50). ANDROPOGON (p. 51). SorGHastroum (p. 52), . Hocus (p. 51). Nazi (p. 52). CENCHRUS (D. 61), CHAETOCHLOA (p. 60). EcuHINoca1oa (p. 59). Vaxota (p. 54). SYNTHERISMA (p. 54), LEPTOLOMA (p. 54). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF Spikelets oval or obovate; fruit chartaceous, rigid, the lemma margins inrolled, not hyaline, First glume present; spikelets panicled, rarely in racemes........-.-....--- 17. First glume obsolete; spikelets in racemes. Spikelet with a swollen ringlike cal- lus below; fruit awn-tipped. ..15. Spikelets without a callus; fruit not awned............-.----------16., Tribe V. PHALARIDEAE. Panicles dense and contracted; sterile lemmas minute.21. Panicles loose and open; sterile lemmas inclosing staminate flowers.........---ee0e-- eee eee eee ode Tribe VI. AGROSTIDEAE. Lemmas indurated at maturity, closely inclosing the grain, Spikelets in pairs, one perfect, the other staminate or sterile (in spikelike panicles)............ 23. Spikelets not in pairs, all perfect. Lemma 3-awned (2 of the awns sometimes very Lemmas l-awned or awnless. Awns twisted and bent .................- 25. Awns not twisted, or wanting. Lemmas narrow; awns, when present, persistent. ..........2...--+--- 26. Lemmas broad; awns deciduous..... 27. Lemmas usually thin at maturity, at least more delicate than the glumes; grain loosely inclosed. Glumes conspicuously compressed-keeled; panicle dense and spikelike, cylindrical. Rachilla jointed above the glumes, these per- sistent; lemma awnless......... ..28,. Rachilla jointed below the glumes, these fall- ing with the spikelets; lemma awned. .29. Glumes not compressed-keeled; panicles mostly open and spreading, rarely crowded and spikelike. Panicle spikelike, elongated, 30 cm. long or Panicle not elongated. Spikelets articulated below the glumes, falling entire. Glumes awned; panicles dense...... 33. Glumes awnless; panicles open...... 34. Spikelets articulated above the glumes, these persistent after the fall of the florets. NEW MEXICO. 45 Panicum (p. 56), ERIOCHLOA (p. 54). PAsPALuUM (p. 55). PHALARIS (p. 61). SAVASTANA (p. 61). Lycurus (p. 62). . ARISTIDA (p. 62). Srrpa (p. 65). MUHLENBERGIA (Pp. 68). Oryzopsis (p. 72). PHLEUM (p. 73). ALOPECURUS (p. 73). . Eptcamres (p. 74). PoLyPoGon (p. 77). Cinna (p. 78). 46 Lemmas pilose on the nerves....... 31. Lemmas not pilose on the nerves. Lemmas 1-nerved; pericarp sep- arating from the seed... .32. Lemmas 3 to 5-nerved; peri- carp adherent to the seed. Rachilla prolonged behind the palea; lemma with a short awn on the back.......2 22... 36. Rachilla not prolonged be- hind the palea; lem- mas awnless, Glumes longer than the Tribe VII. AVENEAE. Awns attached between the teeth of the lemma, flat- Awns dorsal, not flattened. Grain adherent to the palea; spikelets mostly more than 10 mm, long.................... 39. Grain free; spikelets less than 10 mm. long. Lemmas erose or shortly 2-lobed at the apex; panicles open..........2..2----2-..2- 40. Lemmas deeply 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth awn-pointed; panicles dense and congestéd...........2.022. 002 ee eee eee 41, Tribe VI. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets unisexual, dissimilar; flowers moneecious or Ci@CIOUS..........eeeee ee ee eee eee ee eee ee eee AZ, Spikelets all alike. Spikelets with 2 to 4 perfect flowers. Spikelets small, numerous, Spproximate; glumes thin............- -- 2 AB, Spikelets large, few, distant; glumes firm and thick............. Spikelets with 1, rarely 2, perfect flowers. Rachilla jointed below the boat-shaped in- flated glumes, the whole spikelet fall- ing at maturity........... Rachilla jointed above the glumes, these per- sistent, not boat-shaped. No sterile lemmas present above the perfect floret. Plants with long stolons; spikelets numerous, crowded; spikes 2 to 6, digitate................ . 44, .-45, -46, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, BLEPHARONEURON (p. 74). SPOROBOLUS (p. 75). CALAMAGROSTIS (p. 79). . CALAMOVILFA (p. 80). . AcRostIs (p. 78). . DantHonra (p. 80). AVENA (p. 81). Descuampsia (p. 81). TRISETUM (p. 82), Busius (p. 82). LEpTOcHLOA (p. 83). ACAMPTOCLADOS (p. 84), BECKMANNIA (p. 84). CAPRIOLA (p. 84). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. Plants without stolons; spikelets few, scattered; spikes scattered along the central axis........- 47. One to several sterile lemmas above the perfect florets. Spikes scattered along the central Spikes digitate, or crowded near the end of the stem. Lemmas with a single awn or Tribe IX. FESTUCEAE. Lemmas with numerous (9 or more) awnlike divisions or awned lobes..........----------- ee ee ee rere 51. Lemmas with few lobes or entire. Lemmas, at least those of the pistillate spikelets, 8-lobed and 3-awned .........-..-.----- . 52. Lemmas entire or at most 2-lobed. Hairs on the rachilla or lemma very long, ex- ceeding the lemma in length. Rachilla hairy; lemma naked.......--.- 53. Rachilla naked; lemma hairy........-.. 54. Hairs, if any, on the rachilla and lemma shorter than the latter. Stigmas barbellate, on long styles; spike- lets in 3’s in the axils of the spin- escent leaves; plants spreading, woolly when young...........-.-.55. Stigmas plumose, sessile or on short styles; spikelets and plants various, Lemmas 1] to 3-nerved. Lateral nerves of the lemmas hairy. Lemmas deeply 2. lobed . Lemmas entire or but ‘lightly 2-lobed. Inflorescence a short crowded raceme; leaf blades with cartilaginous mar- gins; plants low and tufted.......57. Inflorescence a rather large panicle: leaf blades without cartilaginous mar- gins; plants tall. .58. Lateral nerves of the lemmas glabrous. Second glume very unlike the first, broadened upward.....eesaecees Oe ScHEDONARDUS (p. 85). . Boure.ova (p. 85). . CHLoRIS (p. 87). . TRICHLORIS (p. 88). ParProPHoRum (p. 88). ScLEROPOGON (p. 89). PHRAGMITES (p. 89). ARUNDO (p. 89). Munroa (p. 90). . Dasyocu.oa (p. 90). ERIONEURON (p. 90). TRIDENS (p. 91). SPHENOPHOLIS (p. 92). AT 48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Second glume similar to the first, not broadened upward. Panicles narrow, dense and spikelike, the branches Panicles open, the branches _ spread- ing........---..- Lemmas 5 to many-nerved. Spikelets with 2 or more of the up- per glumes empty, broad and infolding each other.......-.. Spikelets with the upper glumes flower-bearing or narrow and abortive. Stigmas plainly arising from be- low the apex of the ovary. . .63. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Spikelets in 1-sided fascicles arranged in a glomerate or interrupted panicle. ..-.. Spikelets in panicles of ra- cemes. Glumes more or less laterally compressed and keeled. Flowers dicecious; lemmas coriaceous.........-. 65. Flowers moncecious, most of the flowers perfect; lemmas thin, scari- ous-margined......... Glumes rounded on the back, at least below the mid- dle. Lemmas acute, pointed or awned at the apex. - .67. Lemmas obtuse or acutish, usually toothed. Lemmas distinctly 5 to 7-nerved; styles present.....-...-.- Lemmas obscurely 5- nerved; styles Tribe X. HORDEAE. Spikelets usually single at the nodes of the rachis. Glumes with their sides turned toward the rachis. .70. Glumes with their backs turned toward the rachis-.71. . KoEverta (p. 92). . Eracrostis (p. 93). . Meica (p. 95). Bromus (p. 95). . Dacryuts (p. 97). DisticuHuis (p. 98). . Poa (p. 98). Festuca (p. 101). . PANICULARIA (p. 103). . PuccINELLIA (p. 104). AGROPYRON (p. 104). Lotium (p. 106). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 49 Spikelets 2 to 6 at each joint of the rachis or if solitary the glumes arranged obliquely to the rachis, Spikelets 1-flowered or with a rudimentary second flower........2-. 20-2222 e ee ee eee eee eee ee 72. HorpEvm (p. 106). Spikelets 2 to many-flowered. Rachis of the spikes jointed, readily breaking into joints...........--..------------ 73. SITANION (p. 107). Rachis of the spikes continuous, not breaking into joints..........-.........------- 74, Evymus (p. 108). 1. TRIPSACUM L. Tall stout perennial with creeping rootstocks, broad flat leaves, and terminal digitate inflorescence, the spikes separating into joints at maturity; spikelets unisexual, the staminate in pairs at the joints of the rachis above, the pistillate solitary, embedded in each joint of the rachis below in the same inflorescence; glumes of the staminate spikelet subcoriaceous, those of the pistillate spikelet finally cartilaginous, the lemmas and paleas hyaline. 1. Tripsacum lanceolatum Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 68. 1886. Type Locauity: Aguas Calientes, Mexico. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico to southern Mexico. New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (£. C. Merton 2035). 2. TRACHYPOGON Nees. Rather tall perennials with narrow leaves and usually solitary, long-exserted racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, in pairs at the nodes of the imperfectly jointed rachis, one nearly sessile, awnless, sterile, the other pedicellate, fertile, long-awned; glumes rigid, the outer large and inclosing the other; lemmas produced into long twisted geniculate awns. 1. Trachypogon montufari (H. B. K.) Nees, Agrost. Bras. 342. 1829. Andropogon montufari H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 184. 1816. TyprE Locatity: “In aridis, apricis regni Quitensis prope Conocoto, Pintae et Vil- lam Chilloensem Montufari.”’ Rance: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Near White Water (Mearns 353). Dry hills. 8. ELYONURUS Humb. & Bonpl. Low or tall annuals or perennials with rather rigid leaves and solitary terminal racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, awnless; first glume rigid or subcoriaceous, 2-toothed at the apex, the margins inflexed, more or less ciliate, with balsam-bearing lines between the lateral keels, the second a little shorter than the first, acute; lemma delicate and hyaline; pale&é minute or none; stamens 3; styles distinct. 1. Elyonurus barbiculmis Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 339. 1889. TypE Locatity: Western Texas. RANGE: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to western Texas and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Dog Spring ( Mearns 2376). Dry hills. 4, SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. SaGE GRass. Tall perennials, tufted or from rootstocks, with flat or involute leaves, and spikelike solitary racemes terminating the stem or its branches; spikelets in pairs at each node of the jointed and often hairy rachis, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and sterile; glumes indurated, sometimes pubescent; lemma entire or 2-toothed at the apex, bearing a straight, contorted, or spiral awn; palea small, hyaline; stamens 1 to 3; styles distinct. 52576°—15—-4 50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, KEY TO THE SPECIES, Hairs of the pedicels very few and short or none............... 1. S. cirratum, Hairs of the pedicels long and silky, abundant. Peduncles long and slender, much exserted...............- 2. S. neomericanum. Peduncles short, stout, little if at all exserted............... 3. S. scoparium. 1. Schizachyrium cirratum (Hack.) Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 30. 1912. Andropogon cirratus Hack. Flora 1885: 119. 1885. TYPE LocaALiry: Western Texas. RanGE: Mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Star Peak; near Silver City; Mangas Springs; Dog Spring. Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Schizachyrium neomexicanum Nash; Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 29. 1912. Andropogon neomexicanus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 83. 1898. Type LocaLity: White Sands, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton. Ranee: New Mexico. New Mexico: Crawfords. Ranch; Organ Mountains; mountains west of Grants Station; White Sands; Buchanan. Plains and low hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone, 8. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 59. 1903. Andropogon scoparius Michx. F1. Bor. Amer. 1: 57. 1803. Type Locauitry: ‘‘ Habitat in aridis sylvarum Carolinae.”’ Rance: British America to Texas, Florida, and Mexico. New Mexico: Coolidge; San Lorenzo; Pecos; Clayton; Trout Spring; Taos; Raton Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains; Pecos Valley. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 5. AMPHILOPHIS Nash. Tufted perennials with mostly flat leaves and showy, often silvery, white panicles, the axis short, making the panicle appear fanlike, or elongated; racemes usually numerous, the internodes with thickened margins, the median portion thin and translucent; pedicels ciliate with usually long hairs; first glume 2-keeled, the second 1-keeled; lemma hyaline, very narrow, stipelike, gradually merging into an awn; stamens 3; styles distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Hairs on the rachis and pedicels shorter than the spikelets .....- 1. A. wrightii. Hairs on the rachis and pedicels longer than the spikelets. Awns 10 mm. long or less; panicles usually small...... .... 2. A. saccharoides. Awns more than 10 mm. long; panicles large................ 3. A. barbinodis. 1. Amphilophis wrightii (Hack.) Nash in ‘Britton, Man. 71. 1901. Andropogon wrighttt Hack. Flora 1885: 139. 1885. Type Locatity: ‘‘New Mexico.”’ Type collected by Wright (no. 2104), Ranae: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Hillsboro ( Metcalfe 1371). Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Amphilophis saccharoides (Swartz) Nash; Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 30. 1912. Andropogon saccharoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. Rance: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico and the West Indies. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 51 New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; Belen; Eagle Creek; Guadalupe Mountains; Lake- wood; Carlsbad. Mesas and valleys, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. vw 38. Amphilophis barbinodis (Lag.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 65. 1903. Andropogon barbinodis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. 1816. Type Locauity: ‘‘H [abitat] in N [ova] H [ispania].’’ Ranae: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Las Vegas Canyon; Black Range; Silver City; Burro Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; Nara Visa; Buchanan; Knowles; Carlsbad. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 6. ANDROPOGON L. Tati saGceE Grass. Tall perennials, tufted or from elongated rootstocks, with flat or involute leaves and with spikelike racemes disposed in pairs or sometimes in 3’s or more, terminating the stem or its branches; spikelets sometimes with a ring of short hairs at the base, in pairs at each node of the jointed and often hairy rachis, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and sterile; glumes indurated, often pubescent; lemma entire or 2-toothed at the apex, awned or sometimes awnless; palea small, hyaline; stamens 1 to 3; styles distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Second lemma of the sessile spikelet awnless, or with a short straight aWN.... 2.22... eee eee eee eee eee 1. A, hallit. Second lemma of the sessile spikelet with a long geniculate awn, more or less twisted at the base. Glumes of the sessile spikelet hispidulous all over; hairs of the rachis internodes 2 mm. long or less.............-. 2. A. furcatus. Glumes of the sessile spikelet glabrous or nearly so except on the nerves; hairs of the rachis internodes 3 to 4 mm. ; 0) 61 3. A. chrysocomus. a 1. Andropogon hallii Hack. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. (Wien) 89: 127. 1884. Type Loca.tity: Colorado. RanGe: Montana and Nebraska to Kansas and Mexico. New Mexico: Near Portales; Buchanan; northeast of Clayton; mountains west of Las Vegas; Nara Visa; Arroyo Ranch. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Andropogon furcatus Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 919. 1806. Andropogon provincialis furcatus Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 5: 442. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: British America to Florida and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Dulce. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Yv 3. Andropogon chrysocomus Nash in Britton, Man. 70. 1901. TYPE LOCALITY: Stevens County, Kansas.? RanGE: Kansas and Texas to New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Plains and dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 7. HOLCUS L. Tall perennial with numerous long rootstocks, broad flat leaves, and large terminal panicles; spikelets in pairs or 3’s at the ends of the branches, one sessile and perfect, the others pedicellate and staminate, dorsally compressed, pubescent or glabrous; glumes indurated; lemma hyaline, awned or awnless; stamens 3; styles distinct. 1N. Amer. FI. 17: 120. 1912. 52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Holeus halepensis L. Sp. Pl. 1047. 1753. JOHNSON GRASS, Andropogon halepensis Brot. Fl. Lusit 1: 89. 1804. Sorghum halepense Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 101. 1805. Type Locaity: ‘‘Habitat in Syria, Mauritania.”’ RanG_E: Native of the Old World, widely introduced into North America, frequent as a weed in cultivated fields. New Mexico: Nara Visa; Mangas Springs; Hillsboro; Gila; Deming; Mesilla Valley; Pecos Valley. This is common in several parts of New Mexico, especially in the irrigated river valleys. So far it has not been introduced into the valley of the San Juan, but it is well established in those of the Rio Grande and Pecos. In some parts of the State it has been cultivated for hay. Unfortunately it isa very troublesome weed, and in the Rio Grande Valley has become a dangerous pest in alfalfa fields, taking possession of them and crowding out the less aggressive alfalfa. 8. SORGHASTRUM Nash. INDIAN GRASS. Stout perennials with racemes arranged in open panicles; spikelets sessile at each joint of the slender rachis of the peduncled racemes, these reduced to 2 or 3 joints; sterile spikelets reduced to hairy pedicels; glumes indurated; sterile lemma hyaline, the fertile lemma reduced to hyaline appendages to the stout awn; palea obsolete. 1. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 66. 1903. Andropogon nutans L. Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753. Andropogon avenaceus Michx. F1. Bor. Amer. 1: 58. 1803. Sorghum nutans A. Gray, Man. 617. 1848. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Virginia, Jamaica.”’ RanGeE: British America to Arizona and Florida. New Mexico: Tesuque; Las Vegas; Clayton; East View; Kingston; Rio Mimbres. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 9. HETEROPOGON Pers. Coarse perennial with narrow leaves, compressed sheaths, and terminal solitary dense racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, in pairs at the rachis nodes, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and staminate or sterile; glumes firm, convolute, awnless; lemma small, hyaline, awned; palea small and hyaline, or wanting; stamens 3; styles distinct. 1. Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 836. 1817. ‘Andropogon contortus L. Sp. Pl. 1045. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in India.’ Ranae: Arizona and New Mexico to Tropical America; in tropical lands nearly around the world. New Mexico: Hillsboro; Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 10. NAZIA Adans. Diffusely branched annual with flat leaves and terminal spikelike inflorescence; spikelets in groups of 3 to several at each joint of the main axis, the uppermost in each fascicle sterile, 1-flowered; first glume minute or wanting; second glume rigid, exceeding the lemma, its back covered with hooked spines; lemma and palea hya- line; stamens 3; styles short and distinct; grain oblong, free. 1. Nazia aliena (Spreng.) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 28. 1899. Lappago aliena Spreng. Neu. Entd. 3: 15. 1822. Tragus alienus Schult. Mant. 2: 205, 1824. Type Locauiry: ‘‘Hab. in Brasilia.” WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 53 Rance: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico, and throughout tropical America. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Mangas Springs; Lake Valley; Socorro; Dem- ing; Burro Mountains; Organ Mountains; Carrizozo. Dry sandy soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 11. HILARIA H. B. K. Cespitose or decumbent perennials, often stoloniferous, with flat or involute leaves and terminal solitary spikes; spikelets sessile, in groups of 3 at each joint of the flexu- ous continuous rachis, the groups falling off entire, the 2 outer or anterior spikelets staminate and 2 or 8-flowered, the posterior or inner one pistillate or hermaphrodite and 1-flowered; glumes firm, unequal, many-nerved, more or less connate below, entire at the apex or divided, usually unequally 2-lobed with 1 to several inter- mediate awns or awnlike divisions; lemmas narrow; stamens 3; styles united below; grain ovoid or oblong, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Base of glumes with black or purplish glands....................- 1. H. cenchroides. Glumes not glandular. Glumes cuneate, awnless, the nerves divergent ............... 2. H. mutica. Glumes linear or oblong, awned, the nerves approximate...... 3. H. jamesii. 1. Hilaria cenchroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 117. pl. 37. 1816. TEXAS CURLY MESQUITE GRASS. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Crescit in planitie montana regni Mexicani, inter Zelaya et Guanaxuato, locis subfrigidis, alt. 980 hexap.”’ Rance: Western Texas and southwestern New Mexico and southward. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Cook Spring. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 62. 1881. TOBOSA GRASS. Pleuraphis mutica Buck]. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 95. 1863. Type Locauity: ‘‘Northern Texas.”’ Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Common on the plains and low hills from the Black Range and White Mountains southward; also collected by Bigelow at Laguna Colorado. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Tobosa grass is one of the most important range grasses on tke plains and mesas of southern New Mexico, being usually associated with black grama. Stock do not eat it after it has dried, because of its hard and somewhat woody stems, but they thrive upon it in late summer after the rains. It grows most frequently in flats that are sometimes flooded, being able to resist flooding for considerable periods. It is also very resist- ant to trampling. 3. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 62. 1881. GALLETA GRASS. Pleuraphis jamesti Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 148. pl. 10. 1824. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘On the high plains of the Trap Formation at the sources of the Canadian River,’’ Colorado or New Mexico. Type collected by James, Rance: Wyoming and Nevada to Texas. New Mexico: Abundant on the plains from the Mogollon Mountains, Engle, and the White Mountains northward and eastward. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Galleta grass occupies the same position in northern New Mexico as tobosa in the southern part. It is by far the most abundant and characteristic plant on the piains in the northwestern corner of the State, often forming practically pure stands for 54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, many miles. It is probably the second most valuable range grass of New Mexico, being an excellent forage plant, very persistent, and not easily killed by overstocking. 12. VALOTA Adans. Tufted perennials with flat leaves and narrow or contracted, densely hairy pani- cles; spikelets numerous, articulated below the glumes, 1-flowered; glumes mem- branous, densely silky-pilose or long-ciliate on the margins, often acuminate, some- times with a short bristle at the apex; lemma chartaceous, glabrous and shining, finally indurated; stamens 3; styles distinct. 1. Valota saccharata (Buckl.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 188. 1906. Panicum lachnanthum Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 73: 21. 1856, not Hochst. 1855. Panicum saccharatum Buckl. Prel. Rep. Geol. Agr. Surv. Tex. App. 2. 1866. Trichachne saccharatum Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 83. 1903. TypE Locauity: ‘‘Middle Texas.”’ RanGeE: Colorado and Texas to Arizona and Mexico. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Dog Spring; Dona Ana and Organ Mountains; Causey. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 13. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Annuals with branched culms, thin flat leaves, and subdigitate inflorescence; spikelets 1-flowered, lanceolate-elliptic, sessile or short-pediceled, solitary or in 2’s and 3’s in 2 rows on one side of a continuous, narrow or winged rachis, forming slender racemes, these aggregated toward the top of the culm; glumes 1 to 3-nerved, the first sometimes obsolete; sterile lemma 5-nerved, the fertile indurated, papillose-striate, with a hyaline margin. 1. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 77. 1867. CRABGRASS, Panicum sanguinale L, Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. Fl, Carn, ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in America, Europa australi.”’ RanGeE: Cultivated and waste grounds in nearly all parts of the United States, introduced from Europe. New Mexico; Galisteo; Animas Creek; Deming; Mesilla Valley; Guadalupe Mountains. 14, LEPTOLOMA Chase. Tufted perennials with flat leaves and diffuse terminal panicles, these breaking away at maturity and becoming ‘‘tumbleweeds;” spikelets 1-flowered, fusiform, solitary on long capillary pedicels; first glume obsolete or minute, the second 3-nerved, nearly as long as the 5 to 7-nerved sterile lemma; fertile lemma indurated, papillose, with a hyaline margin, this not inrolled; grain free. 1. Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 19: 92. 1906. FALL WITCH GRASS. Panicum cognatum Schult. Mant. 2: 235. 1824. Panicum autumnale Bosc; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 320. 1825. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘In Carolina.”’ : Rance: New Hampshire and Florida to Minnesota, New Mexico, and Mexico. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Knowles; Buchanan; Tortugas Mountain; Roswell. Dry soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, 15. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. Annuals or perennials with usually flat leaves and terminal panicles composed of numerous somewhat one-sided racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite; rachilla jointed below the glumes and expanded into a distinct ringlike callus; glumes 2, the WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 55 first reduced to a ring at the articulation, the second equaling the lemma, membrana- ceous, more or less acuminate; lemma slightly indurated, mucronate or shortly awn- pointed; palea shorter than the lemma; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain included within the hardened lemma, free. 1. Eriochloa polystachya H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 1: 95. pl. 31, 1816. Tyre Locauity: Near Guayaquil, Ecuador. Rance: Florida and Arizona to Mexico and Tropical America. New Mexico: Belen; Mesilla Valley; Pena Blanca; White Mountains. Moist ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 16. PASPALUM L. Perennials, often stoloniferous, with flat leaves; spikelets 1-flowered, plano-convex, nearly sessile in 2 or 4 rows along one side of a continuous, narrow or dilated rachis, forming simple racemes, these either solitary or 2 or more, digitate or paniculate; rachilla jointed below the glumes; glumes awnless, obtuse, membranaceous, the first usually wanting (often present in P. distichum, shorter than the second); grain oblong, inclosed within the indurated lemma and palea, KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stems creeping, rooting at the nodes; inflorescence of 2 terminal spikes........2...002 22022 e eee ee eee eee eee eee 1. P. distichum. Stems not creeping, mostly erect, not rooting at the nodes; panicle of more than 2 scattered spikes. Spikelets on short pedicels; plants almost glabrous, the slender hairs mostly confined to the leaf margins............-- 2. P. ciliatifolium. Spikelets sessile or nearly so; plants more or less villous with stiff hairs all over the leaves.............--.---.----+- 3. P. bushit. 1. Paspalum distichum L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1759. JOINT GRASS, Type LOCALITY: Jamaica, Rance: California and North Carolina to Florida; also in South America, East Indies, and Australia. New Mexico: Socorro; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Rincon; Cienaga Ranch; Apache Teju; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains. River valleys, especially in clay soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. A common weed in irrigated fields, difficult to exterminate because of its long, creeping stems. 2. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1:44. 1803. Paspalum setaceum ciliatifolium Vasey, Contr. U. 8, Nat. Herb. 3: 17. 1892. Type tocauiry: ‘‘Habitat in Carolina,” Ranae: New Mexico and Texas to New Jersey and Florida; also in Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Arroyo Ranch, near Roswell (Griffiths 5734). Dry soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Sf 3. Paspalum bushii Nash in Britton, Man. 74. 1901. Type LocALITy: Missouri. Rance: Missouri to Kansas and eastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Northeast of Clayton; sands south of Melrose; Nara Visa. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. PANICUM L. Panic arass. Annuals or perennials; spikelets 1-flowered, or rarely with a staminate flower below the terminal perfect one, paniculate; glimes very unequal, the first often minute, the second subequal to the sterile lemma; fertile lemma and palea chartaceous- indurated, the nerves obsolete, the margins of the lemma inrolled; grain free within the rigid lemma and palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets arranged in pairs in 1-sided racemes; plants spread- ing by long stolons...................0..2. 2 2c e eee eee 1. P. obtusum. Spikelets panicled; plants without stolons. Leaf blades of two sorts, those of the stems broad and short. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long; leaf blades thin; sheaths glabrous or sparsely hispid............ 2. P. helleri. Spikelets more than 3 mm. long; leaf blades firm; at least some of the sheaths hispid............... 3. P. scribnerianum. Leaf blades all alike. Annuals, Inflorescence of several more or less secund, spike- like racemes. Spikelets strongly reticulate-veined, glab- 10) 4. P. fasciculatum reti- culatum, Spikelets not reticulate-veined, pubescent and copiously papillose-hirsute....... 5. P. arizonicum. Inflorescence a more or less diffuse panicle. First glume very short, not over one-fourth the length of the second; sheaths glab- 50 6. P. dichotomiflorum. First glume longer, half as long as the second or more; sheaths pubescent. Panicles somewhat drooping............ 7. P. miliaceum. Panicles erect. Panicles large, more than half the length of the entire plant.... 8. P. barbipulvinatum. Panicles small, not over one-third the length of the plants. First glume more than three- fourths the length of the second; spikelets 4 mm. long....--..22..2--.22-- 9. P. pampinosum. First glume half to two-thirds the length of the second; spikelets not over 3.3 mm. long..--..2........2220. 10. P. hirticaule. Perennials. Stems neither bulbous nor rhizomatous. Sterile palea enlarged and indurated at ma- turity; glumes acute. ............... 11. P. hians. Sterile palea not enlarged; glumes acumi- nate.........20222. ee ee eee eee eee LZ. P. hallii. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 57 Stems bulbous at the base or rhizomatous. Glumes acuminate. Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long; first glume acuminate to cuspidate.......... 13. P. virgatum. Spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; first glume ACUTE. .... ee eeeee ee eee eee eee eee ld. Py havardii. Glumes obtuse or merely acute, never acu- minate. Culms from a rootstock, not bulbous....15. P. plenum. Culms from enlarged bulbous bases. Leaf blades over 5 mm. wide; culms usually over 1 meter high... .16. P. bulbosum. Leaf blades less than 5 mm. wide; culms usually less than 1 me- ter high....................- léa. P. bulbosum scia- , philum. 1. Panicum obtusum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 98. 1816. VINE MESQUITE GRASS. Brachiaria obtusa Nash in Britton, Man. 77. 1901. Type Loca.ity: “‘Crescit in planitie montana regni Mexicani prope Guanaxuato et Burras, in humidis, alt. 1,080 hexap.”’ RanaG_E: Colorado and Missouri to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. New Mexico: Common from Gallup, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, and Clayton south- ward across the State. Plains and river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. |“ 2. Panicum helleri Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 572. 1899. Panicum pernervosum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 576. 1899. Type Loca.ity: Kerrville, Kerr County, Texas. Ranae: Missouri and Louisiana to Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Sierra Grande. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 421. 1895. Typr Locaity: Pennsylvania. Ranae: Washington and Maine to California, New Mexico, Texas, and Maryland. New Mexico: Las Vegas (Cockerell). Dry fields, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Panicum fasciculatum reticulatum (Torr.) Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 117, 1896. Panicum reticulatum Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 299, 1852, Tyre Locatity: ‘‘Main fork of Red River,’’ Texas. RanaeE: Texas and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro (Plank 38). Dry fields. 5. Panicum arizonicum Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 2. 1901. TyPE LOCALITY: On mesas near Camp Lowell, Santa Cruz Valley, Arizona. Rance: New Mexico and southern California to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Creek; Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Hillsboro; mesa west of Organ Mountains. Dry hills and sandy mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 6. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1:48, 1803. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Hab. in occidentalibus montium Alleghanis.”’ Rance: Maine and Nebraska to Florida and Texas, and in California; also in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. New Mexico: Las Cruces (Plank 29). Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 7. Panicum miliaceum L. Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. Hoa MILLET. Milium panicum Mill. Gard. Dict. no. 1. 1759. © Milium esculentum Moench, Meth. Pl. 203. 1794. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in India.’’ Rance: Native of the Old World, introduced rather sparingly in the United States; often cultivated. New Mexico: Flora Vista; Gilmores Ranch. 8. Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21. 1900. Type Locatiry: ‘‘Yellowstone Park; Lower Geyser Basin,”’ Ranae: British Columbia and Wisconsin to California and Texas. New Mexico: Common throughout the State except along the Pecos Valley and eastward. Sandy fields, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 9. Panicum pampinosum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 66. 1910, TyPE Locaity: ‘On range reserve, altitude 2,600 feet, Wilmot, Arizona.”’ Rance: Southern New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Grant County. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 10. Panicum hirticaule Presl, Relse Haenk. 1: 308. 1830. TyPE Locauity: Acapulco, Mexico. Rance: New Mexico and southern California to Mexico. New Mexico: Southwest corner of the State, north to Mangas Springs, east to the Organ Mountains, Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 11. Panicum hians Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 118. 1816. TyPE LocaLity: South Carolina or Georgia. Rance: South Carolina and Florida to Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico: Las Cruces (Plank 6). Damp ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 12. Panicum hallii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 64. 1884. TyPE Locauity: Dry hills, Austin, Texas. Ranae: Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Mangas Springs; Deming; Las Cruces; Organ Moun- tains; Buchanan; Roswell; Carlsbad; Queen. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 13. Panicum virgatum L. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753. SWITCH GRASS. Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnea 22: 340. 1849. Type Loca.iry: “Habitat in Virginia.” Rance: Wyoming and Maine to Florida and Arizona, south into Mexico and the West Indies, New Mexico: Farmington; Pecos; Tesuque; Grant County; Organ Mountains; Ruidoso Creek; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 14. Panicum havardii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 14: 95. 1887. TYPE Locaity: Guadalupe Mountains, Texas. Rance: Western Texas to New Mexico and Mexico. New Mexico: Las Vegas; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. ? 15. Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 80. 1910. Typr Locatity: Mangas Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 739). Ranae: Texas to southern Arizona and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Organ Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 59 16. Panicum bulbosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 99. 1815. Panicum mazimum bulbosum Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. G: 295. 1878. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Crescit in Novae Hispaniae scopulosis et frigidis juxta Santa Rosa, Los Joares et Guanaxuato, inter 1,070 et 1,360 hexap.”’ Rance: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Las Vegas; Carpenter Creek; Animas Valley; Burro Mountains; Copper Mines; Organ Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Ruidoso Creek. Canyons and open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 16a. Panicum bulbosum sciaphilum (Rupr.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 83. 1910. Panicum sciaphilum Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 19. 1881. Panicum bulbosum minor Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull, 8: 38. 1889. TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra de Yavesia, Mexico. Rance: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Las Vegas; Organ Mountains; Gray. Canyons and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 18. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. Coarse annuals with compressed sheaths, long flat leaves, and terminal panicles of stout racemes; spikelets 1-flowered, with sometimes a staminate flower below the perfect terminal one, nearly sessile in one-sided racemes; glumes unequal, spiny- hispid, mucronate; sterile lemma similar, awned from the apex, inclosing a hyaline palea; fertile lemma and palea chartaceous, acuminate; margins of the glume inrolled except at the summit. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikes simple.........-..-------- 22-20-2222 222 eee eee eee eee eee 1. E. colonum. Spikes compound. Ss Awns about 25 mm. long...............---.---+--------++----- 2. E. crus-galli. Awns 2 mm. long or less.............2.2.22--2-2-------------- 3. E. zelayensis. 1. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209. 1833. JUNGLE RICE. Panicum colonum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 870. 1759, TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. Rance: Wet ground and cultivated fields, Kansasand Virginia, southward through- out tropical America, New Mexico: Deming; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; Gavilan Canyon. Wet ground and cultivated fields, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The subspecies zonalis is a form with transverse purplish bands upon the leaves. It is common with the typical form, and is especially abundant among those plants that have grown in dry soil. Both are frequent as weeds in cultivated ground. 2. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53. 1812. BARNYARD GRASS. Panicum crusgalli L. Sp. Pl. 56. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae et Virginiae cultis.”’ Range: In waste ground in the warmer parts of North America, and nearly around the world. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Mangas Springs. 8. Echinochloa zelayensis (H. B. K.) Schult. Mant, 2: 269. 1824. Oplismenus zelayensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 108. 1816. Type LocaLity: Near Zelaya, Querétaro, Mexico. Rance: Southwestern United States to South America. New Mexico: Common in waste and cultivated land throughout the State. 60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 19. CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and bristly spikelike panicles; spikelets hermaphrodite, 1-flowered, or sometimes with a staminate flower below the hermaphro- dite terminal one, surrounded by few or many persistent awnlike branches springing from the pedicels below the articulation of the spikelets; glumes awnless; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain included within the hardened lemma end palea, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicles dense and thick. Spikelets arranged singly in racemes; 5 to 16 bristles at the base of each spikelet............0.0.0 0.0. c eee eee eee eee Leese 1. C. glauca. Spikelets clustered but not in racemes; 1 to 3 bristles at base of each spikelet.............. 2.2.0.0 cece eee cece eee e eee 2. C. viridis. Panicles slender, interrupted. Leaf blades more than 5 mm. wide; spikes with distinct, some- what spreading branches below..................-.-.2.- 3. C. grisebachii amopla. Leaf blades less than 5 mm. wide; spikes not branched below, merely interrupted..........2.22..22.022202.002-000 200 4. C. composita. 1. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4:39. 1897. PIGEON GRASs. Panicum glaucum L. Sp. Pl. 56. 1753. Setaria glauca Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 51. 1812. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in India.”’ Range: A native of the Old World, widely introduced into North America, in New Mexico still rare. New Mexico: Kingston; Mesilla Valley; Roswell. 2. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897. GREEN FOXTAIL. Panicum viride L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 83. 1762. Setaria viridis Beauv. Ess, Agrost. 51. 1812. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in Europa australi.’’ RanGE: Native of Europe, widely introduced into North America; in New Mexico acommon weed in cultivated fields. New Mexico: Common in waste and cultivated ground in nearly every part of the State. 3. Chaetochloa grisebachii ampla Scribn. & Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 21: 36. 1900. Tyre LocaLity: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey. RanaeE: New Mexico and Arizona to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Hillsboro; Rio Frisco; Burro Mountains; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain. Damp canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Chaetochloa composita (H. B. K.) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897. Setaria composita H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 111. 1816. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Crescit regione calidissima prope Cumana et Bordones, in Nova Andalusia: item in ripa fluminis Magdalenae prope Guarumo et in sylvis Orinocen- sibus juxta Esmeralda.’’ RanGe: Colorado and Arizona to Texas and Mexico; also in South America. New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Albuquerque; Chiz; Animas Creek; Mangas Springs; Lake Valley; Aden; Rincon; Burro Mountains; Mesilla Valley ; Guadalupe Mountains; Pecos Valley. River valleys and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. L- WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 61 20. CENCHRUS L. Sanp Bur. Annuals or perennials with spreading or erect culms and few or many more or less crowded “burs” in terminal spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite, 1 to 4 together with an ovoid or globular involucre of rigid, more or less connate bristles forming spiny burs or false capsules, these sessile or nearly so in simple terminal spikes or racemes, falling with the spikelets; glumes awnless; grain free within the slightly hardened lemma and palea. 1. Cenchrus carolinianus Walt. Fl. Carol. 79. 1788. Type Loca.ity: Carolina. RanGE: Maine and Minnesota to Florida and New Mexico, and southward. New Mexico: Waste and cultivated ground at lower elevations throughout the State; common. In sandy soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Sand burs are the most pernicious weeds of the State. They are often abundant in cultivated ground, where, unless steps are taken to exterminate them, they spread rapidly. In alfalfa fields they often become so numerous as to render the hay value- less. The spines of the burs are extremely sharp and will pierce the uppers of shoes. After they have entered one’s flesh they usually break off when an attempt is made to extract them. 91. PHALARIS L. CANARY GRASS. Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and densely flowered spikelike or capitate inflorescence; spikelets 1-flowered, strongly flattened laterally; rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes awnless, equal, boat-shaped, usually winged on the keel; lemmas hard and shining in fruit, closely investing the grain and palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Glumes not winged; inflorescence a narrow panicle........ seeeee 1. P. arundinacea, Glumes winged; inflorescence spikelike............2+--++e+e+-0-5 2. P. caroliniana. 1. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. Pl. 55. 1753. REED CANARY GRASS. Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Europae subhumidis ad ripas lacuum.”’ Rance: British America to Nevada, New Mexico, and New Jersey; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6806). Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 2. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 74. 1788. SOUTHERN. CANARY GRASS. Tyre LocaLity: South Carolina. Rance: California and South Carolina to New Mexico and Florida. New Mexico: Burro Mountains; Agricultural College. Moist ground. 22. SAVASTANA Schrank. Fragrant perennials with flat leaves and usually rather small pyramidal terminal panicles; spikelets 3-flowered, the terminal floret hermaphrodite, the others staminate; rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes nearly equal, about the length of the spikelet, acute, smooth; lemmas about equaling the glumes, awnless or short-awned; stamens in the male florets 3, in the hermaphrodite floret 2; styles distinct, rather long; grain free. 1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 5:34. 1894. VANILLA GRASS. Holcus odoratus L. Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753. Hierochloe borealis Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 513. 1817. Tyre Locauity: ‘“ Habitat in Europae frigidioris pascuis humentibus.”’ Rance: British America to New Mexico, Wisconsin, and New Jersey. 62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. New Mexico: Trout Spring; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones. 23. LYCURUS H.B. K. Cespitose erect perennial with narrow or convolute leaves and densely flowered cylindrical spikelike terminal panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, usually in pairs; glumes nerved, the nerves often produced into awns; lemma 3-nerved, awned, broader and longer than the glumes; palea 2-nerved, 2-keeled; stamens 3 ; Styles short, distinct; grain included within the glumes, free. 1. Lycurus phleoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 141. pl. 45. 1816. TEXAS TIMOTHY. TyPE Locauity: “Crescit in temperatis Mexici, inter Guanazuato et Temescatio et in radicibus aridissimi montis La Buffa, alt. 1030 hexap.”’ Rance: Western Texas and southern Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Abundant from the Mogollon Mountains and Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains southward and eastward across the State. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Texas timothy is abundant on the dry hills of the southern part of the State. Itis less common in the north. It grows in bunches and is a rather important range grass in some sections. 24. ARISTIDA L. Neep.ie arass. Tufted annuals or perennials with narrow leaves; spikelets 1-flowered, on long or short slender pedicels, in more or less expanded terminal panicles; rachilla articulated above the glumes and produced into a hard obconical hairy callus below the lemma but not extending beyond it; glumes more or less unequal, acute or bristle-pointed, slightly keeled; lemma somewhat firmer in texture, closely rolled around the floret and the usually short palea, terminating in a usually trifid awn; grain slender, tightly inclosed in the hardened lemma but free from it. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Annual...... 2222.02.02 eee eee eee eee cece ccc ceceecee. 1, A. bromoides. Perennials. Plants widely divaricate-branched, the branches of the panicle rigid and straight. Awns 3, all of about the same length..................... 2. A. divaricata. Awns apparently 1, the lateral ones short or obsolete... ... 3. A. schiediana. Plants with erect or at most rather weakly spreading stems. Glumes nearly equal. Plants stout and strict, 30 cm. high or more ; pedicels short, straight; glumes conspicuously awned.... 4. A. arizonica. Plants slender, 20 cm. high or less, rather spreading; pedicels slender, sinuous; glumes acuminate, not awhed......... 2.0... cece cece eee eee 5. A. havardii. Glumes very unequal, the first usually about half as long as the second. Mature lemma not tapering upward, the neck of about the same diameter as the base; second glume considerably longer than the lemma, the latter smooth; awns 6 to 8 cm. long................... 6. A. longiseta. Mature lemmas tapering upward into a slender neck ; second glume barely surpassing the lemma, usually shorter, the lemmas usually scabrous; awns usually much less than 6 cm. long. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 63 Spikelets small, 10 mm. long or less, the awns never more than twice as long as the lemma. Panicle strict, congested, never spreading... 7. A. vaseyt. Panicle spreading, at least in age. Panicles always spreading, the pedicels very weak and sinuous; awns merely spreading.................. 8. A. micrantha. Panicles at first congested, finally spread- ing, the pedicels rigid, straight, ascending; awns strongly diver- gent.......2.2..2002022222 22 eee 9. A. pansa. Spikelets large, 15 mm. long or more, the awns usually more than twice as long as the lemma. Panicles simple or nearly so. Panicles strict, the spikelets numerous and congested, relatively small; pedicels short..........-...-..---- 7. A. vaseyi. Panicles lax, the spikelets few, scattered, about 15 mm. long; pedicels elon- gated................5-...-..-----10. A. fendleriana. Panicles compound. Culms stout; panicles rigidly erect; pedi- cels straight...................--- ll. A. wrightii. Culms weaker and more slender; panicles laxly spreading; pedicels very slender, often curved.............. 12. A. purpurea. 1. Aristida bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 122. 1816. , . SIX-WEEKS NEEDLE GRASS. Type Locauity: “In montibus regni Quitensis, juxta Tambo de Guamote et Llanos de Tiocaxas, alt. 1,600 hexap.”’ Range: Texas and Arizona to Mexico; also in South America. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Cross L Ranch; Cerrillos; Chama River; Algodones; Socorro; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Deming; Dona Ana and Organ mountains; White Sands; White Mountains; Guadalupe Mountains; Knowles; Roswell. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 2. Aristida divaricata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 99. 1809. Aristida humboldtiana Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5!: 118. 1842. Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Mexico.”’ Rance: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Texline; Gallinas Mountains; Black Range; Deming, Dona Ana and Organ mountains; Eagle Creek; Lake Arthur. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 3. Aristida schiediana Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5): 120. 1842. Aristida divergens Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 48. 1892. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Mexico: prope Jalapam.”’ Rance: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro; Bear Mountain; Copper Mines; Organ Mountains; plains south of. Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone. 64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. Aristida arizonica Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 27. 1886. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘‘Arizona.’’ Rance: Arizona and New Mexico to western Texas. New Mexico: Clayton; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; near Jewett Gap; Grant County; Buchanan; Leachs; Knowles; White Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 5. Aristida havardii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 138: 27. 1886. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘Western Texas.”’ Rance: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Gallinas Mountains; Albuquerque; Fort Bayard; Grant; Bonito Crossing; Gilmores Ranch; Gray; Carlsbad; Arroyo Ranch. Hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 6. Aristida longiseta Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 420. 1854. WIREGRASS. Tyre Locatity: New Mexico, probably near or at Santa Fe. Type collected by Fendler (no. 978). New Mexico: Common throughout the State. . 7. Aristida vaseyi Woot. & Stand]. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 55. 1912; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 113. 1913. Aristida reverchoni augusta Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 46, 1892. TYPE LOCALITY: Comanche Peak, Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro; mountains west of San Antonio; Mangas Springs; Tortugas Mountain; Pena Blanca; Alamogordo. Plains and low hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 8. Aristida micrantha (Vasey) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 117. 1903. Aristida purpurea micrantha Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 47. 1892. TYPE LOCALITY: Western Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mekico. New Mexico: Carlsbad (Smith). Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 9. Aristida pansa Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 112. 1913. - Type Locatity: Tortugas Mountain near Las Cruces, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, October 6, 1904. Rance: Southern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain. Dry hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 10. Aristida fendleriana Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 420. 1855. Aristida longiseta fendleriana Merr. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 24: 5. 1901. TyPE LocaLity: Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 973). RanGeE: Colorado and Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Santa Fe; northeast of Clayton; 25 miles south of Gallup; Rito Quemado; 35 miles south of Tor- rance; near Suwanee; Copper Mines; Mimbres and Cooks Spring. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 11. Aristida wrightii Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 116. 1903. Type LocaLity: Dallas, Texas. Rance: Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico: Atarque de Garcia; Deming; Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Moun- tains; Buchanan; Redlands. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 12. Aristida purpurea Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 145. 1837.- PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘On grassy plains of the Red River, in arid situations.”’ RanGE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 65 New Mexico: Twenty-five miles south of Gallup; Clayton; Cross L Ranch; Albu- querque; Suwanee; Socorro; Texline; Mogollon Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; Buchanan; Knowles; Arroyo Ranch; east of Carlsbad; Mesilla. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The subspecies laxiflora is a form with very slender curved pedicels and is probably the same as A. subuniflora Nash,! the type of which we have not seen. It occurs wherever the type grows, and may be recognized by the fewer spikelets on very slender curved pedicels and the usually longer awns. 25. STIPA L. PorRcuPrINE GRASS. Tufted perennials with mostly narrow or involute leaves, and terminal, usually open panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla articulated above the glumes and pro- duced below the lemma into a strong bearded obconical sharp-pointed callus; glumes thin, membranaceous, subequal, acute or bristle-pointed; lemma narrow, sub- coriaceous, closely investing the floret, terminating in a twisted and geniculate simple awn articulated with the apex; grain terete, closely enveloped by the indurated lemma. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Glumes 2 cm, long or more. Awns plumose.............--2-----+-+--- 22-202 eee eee eee 1. S. neomexicana. Awns not plumose. Base of panicle usually included in the sheaths; lemmas 8 to 12 mm. long.................---.------------ 2. S. comata. Base of panicle exserted; lemmas more than 12 mm. long. Lemmas 12 to 15 mm. long............--....-...--+- 3. S. tweedyi. Lemmas 20 to 25 mm. long................-----2-05- 4, S. spartea. Glumes 15 mm. long or less. Panicles loose and open. Lemmas 4 mm. long or less. Awns 60 to 80 mm. long, curled above the joint; lem- mas about 3 mm. long...............--------- 5. S. tenuissima. Awns 15 mm. long or less, not curled; lemmas about 4mm. long.........------------- +2222 eee ee 6. S. fimbriata. Lemmas 6 to 9 mm. long. Glumes broad; awns about 25 mm. long. .....----.-- 7. S. pringlet. Glumes narrow; awns 40 to 50 mm. long............ 8. S. eminens. Panicles narrow, dense, spikelike. Glumes scarious, prominently nerved. Awns long-hairy below........-....---------------- 9. S. speciosa. Awns not long-hairy. Lemmas 5 mm. long or less, long-hairy near the APCK..- 2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 10. S. lettermanit. Lemmas more than 5 mm. long, equally hairy throughout. ........-.-.+--------------- 11. S. viridula. Glumes firm, thick, not prominently nerved. Lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long..........-....-------------12. S. minor, Lemmas 8 to 10 mm. long. Panicles slender; stems low and slender; leaves NAITOW..-.----- 2-2-2 - eee eee eee eee ee ee eee 13. S. scribnerit. Panicles stout and dense; stems tall and stout; leaves broad......-.-.-----------+--+-+---- 14. S. vaseyt. 1 Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 116. 1903. The type was collected in New Mexico in 1881, by G. R. Vasey. 52576°—15——5 66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 132. 1899. New MEXICAN PORCUPINE GRASS. Stipa pennata neomexicana Thurb.; Vasey, U. 8. Devt. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12?: no. 81. 1891. Type Locauiry: New Mexico. Rance: Colorado and Texas to California. New Mexico: North of Ramah; mountains north of Santa Rita; Albuquerque; 10 miles north of Santa Fe; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Silver City; Rio Mimbres; east of Alamogordo; Arroyo Ranch. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5': 75. 1842. TyPE LocaLity: ‘‘Carlton House Fort ad fl. Saskatchawan.”’ Rane@eE: Alaska and Alberta to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; San Lorenzo; Chama; Horse Spring; Agua Azul; Santa Fe; Torrance; Clayton; Pecos; Raton Mountains; Nara Visa; Jewett Gap; Little Creek. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Both this and the preceding are valuable range grasses, especially because they grow in the spring when other forage is scarce. Neither, however, reproduces well, but either is soon killed by overstocking and replaced by the needle grasses. 3. Stipa tweedyi Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 47. 1898. Stipa comata intermedia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 11: 171. 1886. not S. intermedia Trin. 1842. TYPE LocaLity: Junction Butte, Yellowstone Park. Rance: Washington and Alberta to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7676). Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Stipa spartea Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 82. 1830. Tyre Locality: North America. RanGE: British America to Illinois and New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Standley 6223). Plains and prairies, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Stipa tenuissima Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 36. 1836. TYPE Loca.ity: Chile, Rance: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Socorro (Plank 44). 6. Stipa fimbriata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 126. 1816. PINYON GRASS. Oryzopsis fimbriata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 3: 538. 1885. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘Crescit in alta planitie Mexicana inter Burras et Guanaxuato; item in scopulosis prope Mina de Villapando, inter 1050 et 1330 hexap.’’ RanGE: Arizona to western Texas and southward. New Mexico: Bear Mountains, Burro Mountains, Organ Mountains, and Guada- lupe Mountains and southward across the State. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 7. Stipa pringlei Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 54. 1892. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico or Arizona. Rance: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to northern Mexico. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 557). Vs. Stipa eminens Cay. Icon. Pl. 5: 42. pl. 467. f. 1. 1799. Type Locauity: Near Chalma, Mexico. Rance: New Mexico to southern Mexico. New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; Big Hatchet Mountains; Organ and Dona Ana mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 67 9. Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 45, 1842. Tyre Locatity: Chile. RanaeE: California to New Mexico and Mexico; also in South America, New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7515.) Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 10. Stipa lettermanii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 53. 1886. Stipa viridula lettermantt Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892. Type Locautty: Idaho. Rance: Idaho and Wyoming to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe. Hills and meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 11. Stipa viridula Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 2!: 39. 1836. Type Locatity: North America. RANGE: British America to Kansas, Utah, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Trout Spring; Taos; Santa Fe Canyon; mountains near Las Vegas; Raton Mountains; Cross L Ranch; El Rito Creek. Transition Zone. 12. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. Stipa viridula minor Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 50, 1892. Type LocaLity: Kelso Mountain, Colorado. RaNGE: Montana to Utah and New Mexico, New Mexico: Chama; Winsors Ranch; mouth of Indian Creek. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. 13. Stipa scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 125. 1884. Type Locauiry: Dry hillsides at Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by George Vasey in 1884. Rance: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Pecos; Bear Mountain; near Ruidoso. Mountains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 14. Stipa vaseyi Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. SLEEPY GRASS. Stipa viridula robusta Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 50.1892, not 8. robusta Nutt. 1842. Type Loca.itTy: “Texas and Mexico.”’ Rance: Idaho to Mexico and Texas. New Mexico: Dulce; Santa Fe; Raton Mountains; Glorieta Mountains; Ramah; Winsor Creek; Las Vegas; Gila Hot Springs; White Mountains. Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, A very abundant grass in meadows at middle elevations. In the Sacramento-White Mountain region this is known as ‘‘sleepy grass,’’ and is said to have a narcotic effect upon animals that eat it, especially horses. While neither of the writers has had an opportunity of personally corroborating this statement, it is vouched for by many reliable residents of the region. The narcotic effects of the plant, which are said to appear soon after it has been eaten, are indicated by drowsiness or sleep on the part of the affected animals, which continues often for 48 hours and sometimes results in death. Animals which have been reared in these mountains never eat sleepy grass, but those which are brought into the region will consume it because of its luxuriance and freshness, unless restrained. Strangely enough, the dried grass does not have a narcotic effect. The grass is abundant in other regions of the State, but nowhere besides in this one range is it reputed to have narcotic properties, Where it is not eaten by stock it grows vigorously and spreads rapidly, especially when other plants are killed by overstocking. 68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 26. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Perennials or rarely annuals, with small spikelets; culms simple or much branched; leaves long or short, flat or involute; panicles narrow and spikelike or open and widely spreading; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, forming a very short and usually hairy callus below the lemma but not extending beyond it; glumes membranaceous or hyaline, 1 to 3-nerved or nerveless, usually unequal and shorter than the lemma, acute or mucronate; lemma narrow, smooth, or more or less pilose below, 3 or 5-nerved, awned from the acute apex or from between the teethof the bidentate apex; awn straight or flexuous; palea thin, 2-nerved; stamens 3; grain closely enveloped by the lemma, KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants tall, | meter high or more, stout; panicle 25 to 35cm. long. Plants lower, less than 1 meter high, mostly less than 60 cm., more slender; panicles shorter, less than 25 cm. long. Panicles open and spreading. Plants diffusely branched throughout, weakly ascend- ing or decumbent ......--........-22------24-- Plants erect, branched only at the base. Secondary branches of the panicle clustered; leaves stiff and spiny-pointed....................-- Secondary branches of the panicle single; leaves neither stiff nor spiny-pointed. Basal leaves 5 cm. long or less, strongly re- curved.......2-..-2 2202 eee ee ee eee eee Basal leaves more than 5 cm. long, not recurved. Awns short, 4mm. Jong; leaf blades 5 to 10 cm. long; panicles green............ Awns long, 10 to 15 mm.; leaf blades about 20 cm. long; panicles dark purple............-222--2222--2---- Panicles narrow and spikelike. Annual, 5 to 15 cm. high...................0......22-- Perennials, mostly more than 15 cm, high. Glumes subulate; plants with leafy branches and long scaly rhizomes. Glumes about as long as the lemma, not awned . Glumes longer than the lemma, awned. Lemmas only slightly villous........... Glumes lanceolate to ovate; plants various. Lemmas awnless or with very short awns. Glumes under half as long as the lemmas. . 11. Glumes more than half as long as the lemmas. Glumes acute, not awned. Panicles on long peduncles. ....... . Panicles partly included in the sheaths.........-.2-.---------- Glumes awned. Lemmas hairy below........-..... 5. 8. 16. 16. M. emersleyi. M. portert. . M. pungens. M. gracillima. M. arenicola. M. rigida. . M. schaffneri. M. mexicana. . M. racemosa. Lemmas covered with long white hairs.... 10. M. comata. M. squarrosa. M. thurberi. M. repens. M. lemmoni. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 69 Lemmas scabrous or glabrous. Panicles dense, obtuse, 5 to 10 mm. wide..........-..---.--. 13. M. wrightit. Panicles rather lax, tapering at the apex, less than 5 mm. wide.......-.. lee eee eee eee 14. M. cuspidata. Lemmas with conspicuous long awns. Leaf sheaths very broad at the base and papery, loose, not closely investing the stems. Second glume 3-toothed; lemma pubescent at the top........... 17. M. trifida. Both glumes acute or acuminate; lem- mas pubescent only below...... 18. M. virescens. Leaf sheaths not broad and papery, closely investing the stems. Spikelets on long slender pedicels. Second glume entire at the apex. 19. M. affinis. Second glume sharply 3 to 5- toothed..............-.---. 20. M. subalpina. Spikelets on short stout pedicels, or sessile. Awns about 5 mm. long; stems stout; internodes long..... 21. M. acuminata. Awns about 20 mm. long; stems slender, wiry; internodes short..........------------ 22. M. monticola. ~ 1. Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey, Contr. U.8. Nat. Herb. 3: 66. 1892. Muhlenbergia vaseyana Scribn. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 52. 1899. Type Locauity: ‘‘Rocky Cafion, Arizona.”’ Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Silver City; Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; Animas Valley; Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 259. 1898. MESQUITE GRASS. Typr Locairy: Texas. RanaeE: Colorado and western Texas to California and Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Albuquerque; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Moun- tain; Mesilla Valley; Dona Ana Mountains; Jarilla; Arroyo Ranch. Hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Mesquite grass receives its name from the fact that, in the southern part of the State, where it is very common, it is nearly always found growing in the shade of mesquite bushes, its slender, lax stems often clambering over them. Cattle are very fond of it and will force their way into the mesquite to reach the grass. “ 8. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 78. 1864. PURPLE HAIR GRASS. TypE Locatiry: Colorado. Rance: Utah and Nebraska to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Zuni Reservation; Chama River; Los Pilares; on the San Juan; White Sands. Sandhills and on plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856. RING GRASS. Typr tocauiry: “Llano Estacado, and near the Antelope hills of the Canadian River,”’ Texas or New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rance: Colorado and Kansas to Texas and New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Nara Visa; El Rito Draw; Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Pecos; Roy; Clayton; Socorro; Santa Fe; Llano Estacado; Mangas Springs; Buchanan; Deming; Dona Ana; Guadalupe Mountains; Fort Stanton; Gray. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This is very common on the plains of the northern part of the State. Its habit of growth is peculiar: the plants are low and form dense circular mats; after a time the center of the mat dies and a sort of “ fairy ring” is left. 5. Muhlenbergia arenicola Buck]. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1863, Type Locauity: ‘‘Arid places in Western Texas.” Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. . New Mexico: Deming; Redlands; Hope; Lake Arthur; Rio San Jose; near Suwanee; Gila Hot Springs; Arroyo Ranch; Jornada del Muerto. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 6. Muhlenbergia rigida (H. B. K.) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 63. 1829. Podosaemum rigidum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 129. 1816. Tyre Locauity: Near Guanajuato, Mexico. RanaeE: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Five miles east of San Lorenzo on Mimbres River (Metcalfe 1447). 7. Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 85. 1881. Type Locauiry: “ Prope Tacubaya,’’ Mexico. RanaGe: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Trujillo Creek; Mogollon Creek; Organ Mountains. Dry slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Gram. Unifl. 189, 1824. Agrostis mexicana L. Mant, Pl. 1: 31. 1767. Type Loca.ity: ‘“ Habitat in America calidiore.’’ Rance: British America to Tennessee and New Mexico; also in Mexico. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Winsors Ranch. Damp ground, in the Transition Zone. 9. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. 8. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888. Agrostis racemosa Michx. F1, Bor, Amer. 1: 53. 1803, Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. Pl. 87. 1809. Muhlenbergia glomerata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824, Type Locauity: “ Habitat in ripis sabulosis inundatis fluminis Mississippi.” Range: British America to New Mexico, Missouri, and New Jersey. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Dulce; Las Vegas; Pecos; Raton Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Mangas Springs; Animas Creek; Mesilla Valley; Little Creek; Gilmores Ranch. Damp woods, Lower Sonoran to Transition Zone. 10. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 83. 1881. Vaseya comata Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 79. 1863. Tyre Locauity: “Plains of Nebraska.’’ Rana@eE: California to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch (Standley 4359). Open slopes, in the Transition Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 71 11. Muhlenbergia squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 531. 1909. Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 3': 100. 1840. Tyre Locauiry: North America. Rance: British America to California and Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Ensenada; Sandia Mountains; Rio Pueblo; Pecos; Grants Station. Transition Zone. 12. Muhlenbergia lemmoni Scribn. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 56, 1890. Type LocaLity: Ballinger, Runnels County, Texas. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wooton). Hillsides. 13. Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey; Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 409. 1885. Type Locatity: ‘“ New Mexico.” RanaeE: Colorado to Mexico. New Mexico: Baldy; Johnsons Mesa; Trout Springs; El Rito Creek; Las Vegas; near Datil; near La Jara; Kingston; Winter Folly. Damp mountain slopes, in the Transition Zone. 14. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 599. 1905. Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, 2: 288. 1839. Type tocauty: “ Banks of the Saskatchawan, near the Rocky Mountains.” Ranae: British America to New Mexico and Missouri. New Mexico: Pecos; Cross L Ranch; Kingston. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 15. Muhlenbergia thurberi (Scribn.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 601. 1905. Sporobolus thurberi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 48. 1898. Type LocALity: Plaza Larga, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Ranae: Colorado to New Mexico. New Mexico: Plaza Larga; Carrizo Mountains; Eagle Creek. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 16. Muhlenbergia repens (Presl) Hitchc. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 111. 1912. APAREJO GRASS. Sporobolus repens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 241. 1830. Vilfa utilis Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 365. 1857. Sporobolus utilis Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 171. 1899. Mulhlenbergia utilis Rydb.; Woot. & Stand]. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta, Bull. 81: 74. 1912. Type LocaLity: Mexico, Ranae: Western Texas to southern California. New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; Salinas; Tularosa; Fort Bayard; Thorn- ton; Raton Mountains; Deming; Mesilla Valley. Plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Aparejo grass receives its name from its use by the Mexicans in packing their ‘‘aparejos” or pads which are a substitute for pack saddles. It is a rather aggressive weed in the lower Rio Grande Valley, crowding out grasses and other plants. 17. Muhlenbergia trifida Hack. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 8: 518. 1910. Type Locality: Michoacan, Mexico. Ranae: Western Texas and Colorado to California and Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Johnsons Mesa; Raton Moun- tains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Grants Station; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Burro Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Orgun Mountains; White Mountains. Open hills and in canyons, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. A 18. Muhlenbergia virescens (H. B. K.) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 64. 1829. Podosaemum virescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 132. 1816. TYPE Locality: ‘‘Crescit locis asperis, excelsis regni Mexicani prope Santa Rosa de la Sierra et Puerto de Varientos, alt. 1350 hexap.” Rance: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Northwestern New Mexico (Palmer); Ben More (Bigelow). Moun- tains, in the Transition Zone. 19. Muhlenbergia affinis Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. 62: 301. 1845. Muhlenbergia metcal fi Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 12, 1912, TyPE Locauity: ‘‘Toluco,’’ Mexico. RaneGeE: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Santa Rita Mountain; Fort Bayard; Filmore Canyon; Mangas Springs; near Silver City. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The type of M. metcalfi (metealfei?) is Metcalfe’s 1485, from Santa Rita Mountain, WV 20. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 40. 1885. Muhlenbergia gracilis breviaristata Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U.S. Surv. 100th Merid, 6: 284. 1874. TYPE LOCALITY: Twin Lakes, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming to New Mexico. New Mexico: Northern New Mexico (George Vasey). Mountains, in the Transition Zone. 21. Muhlenbergia acuminata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886. Type Locauity: ‘‘New Mexico.’ Type collected by Wright (no. 1993). RANGE: Western Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; Filmore Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 22. Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 91. 1863. Muhlenbergia neomexicana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886. Muhlenbergia pringlei Scribn. Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14: 25. 1894. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘ Northwestern Texas,” Ranae: Western Texas to Arizona and Mexico, New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Albuquerque; Watrous; Grant; Mangas Springs; Kingston; Reserve; Dog Spring; Socorro; Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; White Mountains. Dry slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The type of M. neomexicana was collected in New Mexico. 27. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Slender perennials with flat or involute leaves and loosely flowered, spreading or narrow panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite; rachilla jointed above the glumes and not produced behind the palea, usually extended below the lemma into a short obtuse callus; glumes nearly equal, obtuse or acuminate; lemma a little shorter than the glumes, rather broad, cartilaginous, terminated by a slender deciduous awn; grain free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lemmas covered with long silky hairs, these much exceeding them in length. ... 2.22.02... 2.2 eee cece eee. 1. O. hymenioides. Lemmas glabrous or short-pubescent. Leaves slender, involute; spikelets small, 2.5 to 4mm. long.. 2. O. micrantha. Leaves broad and flat; spikelets large, 6 to 8 mm. long...... 3. O. asperifolia. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 73 1. Oryzopsis hymenjoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 11: 109. 1906. SAND BUNCHGRASS. ape hymenioides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 339. 1817. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 40. 1818. m Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth.; Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rep. 63: 23. 1883. ce 4 9 é TyPE Locatity: ‘‘Ad litora fluvii Missouri. F “oral Leas A Rance: Washington and Alberta to Nebraska and Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo and Tunitcha mountains; Farmington; Tierra Amarilla; Santa Fe; Canjilon; Ramah; Zuni; Pecos; Torrance; Albuquerque; Reserve; Mesilla; White Sands. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The seeds of this grass were formerly gathered and used for food by the Zuni. The ground seeds were eaten alone, or mixed with corn meal and made into dumplings. 2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 18638: 78. 1863. Urachne micrantha Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5': 16. 1842. Type Locauity: North America. RanGE: Montana and Saskatchewan to Nebraska, Arizona, and Mexico. New Mexico: Raton; Sierra Grande; Tierra Amarilla; Manguitas Spring; Canjilon; Coolidge; Glorieta; Raton Mountains; Santa Fe; Pecos. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 51, 1803. MOUNTAIN RICE. Urachne asperifolia Trin. Gram. Unifl. 1: 174. 1824. Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. a sinu Hudsonis ad Quebec, per tractus montium.’ RanGE: British America to New Mexico and Pennsylvania. New Mexico: Winsor Creek (Standley 4206). Deep woods, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. 28. PHLEUM L. Timoruy. Perennials with simple erect culms, flat leaves, and dense, terminal, cylindrical or oblong, spikelike panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, not prolonged beyond the floret; glumes 2, compressed-carinate, equal, usually ciliate on the keels, abruptly mucronate or shortly awn-pointed; lemma shorter than the glumes, thin, truncate, awnless, rather loosely inclosing the grain; stamens 3; styles distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikes elongate-cylindric; awns less than half as long as the glumes... 1. P. pratense. Spikes short, ovoid or oblong; awns about half as long as the glumes.. 2. P. alpinum. 1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753. TIMOTHY, Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae versuris & pratis.”’ RanGE: Fields and meadows nearly throughout North America, introduced from Europe and often cultivated for hay; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Chama; Raton; Cedar Hill; Fort Bayard; Santa Fe; Ruidoso Creek; Gilmores Ranch. 2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. Pl. 59. 1753. MOUNTAIN TIMOTHY. TyPE Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Alpibus.”’ Rance: Alaska and British America to California, Arizona, and New Hampshire; also in Europe and South America. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains, Meadows, Canadian to Arctic-Alpine Zone. 29. ALOPECURUS L. MarsH FroxtTaltL. Annuals or perennials with erect or ascending culms, flat leaves, and densely flowered cylindrical spikelike terminal panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, strongly flat- tened; rachilla jointed below the glumes; glumes equal, awnless, more or less ciliate, bf yr Adding @ _ in Ve vend Kesds, $9 74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. especially along the keel, usually connate at the base; lemma obtuse, hyaline, usually awned on the back, the margins connate near the base, forming a short tube; palea none; stamens 3; styles usually distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets about 3 mm. long; lemma shorter than the glumes....... 1. A. aristulatus. Spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma longer than the glumes. ........ 2. A, agrestis. 1. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 43. 1803. Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus Torr. Fl. North & Mid. U. 8. 1: 97. 1824. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. in paludosis Canadae.”” RanGeE: British America to California, New Mexico, and Florida. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Chama; Ramah; Gallo Spring; Taos; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Rio Mimbres; White and Sacramento mountains. Wet soil, often about the edge of water, in the Transi- tion Zone. 2. Alopecurus agrestis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 89. 1762. SLENDER FOXTAIL. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa australi.”’ Range: Native of Europe and Asia; introduced in many places in the United States. ; New Mexico: Agricultural College (Cockerell). 80. EPICAMPES Pres. Tall perennials with very long spikelike many-flowered panicles; spikelets small, 1-flowered; glumes membranaceous, slightly unequal, convex on the back, carinate, often finely 3-nerved; lemmas 3-nerved, obtuse or emarginate, a little shorter than or about equaling the glumes, tipped with a slender, usually short awn; stamens 3; styles short, distinct; grain included within the lemmas, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Inflorescence spikelike ... 2.2.0.0... 000 c ee cece ee cece eee 1. E. rigens. Inflorescence paniculate ..........2.....20..00 000022222 e eee eee eee 2. E, stricta. 1. Epicampes rigens Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 88. 1881. Type Locauiry: California. RanGe: Western Texas to Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Berendo Creek; Mogollon Creek; Mangas Springs; Deming. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Epicampes stricta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 235. pl. 39, 1830. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. Ranee: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Crawfords Ranch; Silver City; near White Water; Socorro; Organ Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 381. BLEPHARONEURON Nash. Tufted perennial with flat leaves and loosely flowered open panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; glumes 1-nerved, glabrous, the second about as long as the lemma, this 3-nerved, the nerves densely pilose for nearly their whole length, the midnerve often excurrent at the apex; palea as long as the lemma, 2-nerved, densely pilose between the nerves; stamens 3; styles 2, distinct. 1. Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 88. 1898. Vilfa tricholepis Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856. Sporobolus tricholepis Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 411. 1885. TYPE LocaLity: Sandia Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rane@eE: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and Mexico. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 75 New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Coolidge; Horsethief Canyon; Albuquerque; Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo; Trout Spring; Raton Mountains; Chama; Sandia Moun- - tains; Fort Bayard; Mangas Springs; Socorro. Open slopes, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 82. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Dropseep. Annuals or perennials with small spikelets; spikelets 1-flowered, pedicellate, in narrow or broad panicles; glumes rounded or slightly keeled, awnless, obscurely nerved or nerveless, usually unequal; lemma equaling or exceeding the glumes, not awned; palea as long as the lemma or longer; stamens 3; styles short, distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicles narrow, spikelike. Plants tall, robust, 1 meter high, erect.....................-- 1. S. giganteus. Plants low, slender, 60 cm. high or less, spreading or ascend- Ing.... 2.2... e eee eee cee eee eee 2. 8. strictus. Panicles branched and spreading. Annual, 20 cm. high or less.............0 000000. 3. S. confusus. Perennials, usually more than 20 cm. high. Plants with long scaly rootstocks; glumes about equal. Panicles 8 cm. long or less; stems rigid although slen- der.....--- 2-2-2. eee ee eee eee eee Lecce encase 4. S. auriculatus. Panicles 13 to 20 cm. long; stems weak, often elon- . gated .........-.2-2- 2022-222 e eee eee eee eee ee 5. S. asperifolius. Plants without long scaly rootstocks; glumes very unequal. Sheaths naked or sparingly ciliate in the throat. Plants 30 cm. high or less; spikelets long-pedi- cellate; sheaths villous.................. 6. S. texanus. Plants more than 50 cm. high; spikelets short- pedicellate; sheaths not villous. Plants less than 90 cm. high; panicles open, with comparatively few spikelets; glumes nerved..................-.--- 7. S. airoides. Plants 100 to 180 cm. high; panicles rather narrow, with very numerous spikelets; glumes not nerved..........-----.-- 8. S. wrightit. Sheaths with a conspicuous tuft of hairs in the throat. Sheaths pubescent; leaf blades divergent; pani- cles 8 cm. long or less; plants not more than 30 cm. high, slender...........--.--.---- 9. S. nealleyt. Sheaths almost or quite glabrous; leaf blades not divergent; panicles 15 to 30 cm. long or more; plants mostly 60 cm. high or more, stout. Panicles exserted, spreading, sometimes somewhat nodding, the lower branches about as long as the upper ones... .. - 12. S. flecuosus. Panicles mostly included in the sheaths, rarely if at all spreading, the lower branches longer than the upper. Lemmas about equaling the glumes, acute to obtuse, less than 2 mm. long....-...------200-- eee ee eee 10. S. eryptandrus. Lemmas much longer than glumes, long- acuminate, 5 to 6 mm. long......11. S. asper. 76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Sporobolus giganteus Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 88. 1898. SANDHILL DROPSEED. Sporobolus cryptandrus giganteus Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 11. 1912. Tyre Locality: On the White Sands, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 394). RANGE: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Gila Hot Springs; Socorro; Sabinal; Mesilla Valley; White Sands; south of Carrizozo; Arroyo Ranch. Sandhills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. Sporobolus strictus (Scribn.) Merr. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 32: 6. 1901. Sporobolus cryptandrus strictus Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 9: 103. 1882. Type Locauity: Banks of the Rillita, near Camp Lowell, Arizona. RanaGe: Colorado to Arizona and Mexico. New Mexico: Throughout the State except in the southeastern corner. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 8. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 293. 1888. ‘ilfa confusa Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 101. 1881. Tyrer Locatity: ‘‘In devexis arenosis montis ignivomi Jorullo,’’ Mexico. Rance: Washington to Texas and Mexico. New Mexico: Ensenada; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Moun- tains; Mangas Springs; Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Animas Valley; Tortu- gas Mountain; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 4. Sporobolus auriculatus Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 64. 1892. Type Locality: Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Cross L Ranch; Farmington; Chama; Deming; Socorro; Carrizozo; White Sands; Chosa Springs; Lake Arthur; Hope; Roswell; Dona Ana Mountains. Plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 5. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Mey.) Thurber in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 269. 1880. Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Mey. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 47: 95. 1840. Type LocaLity: ‘Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo.”’ RanGe: British America to California, New Mexico, and Missouri; also in South America. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Carrizo Mountains; Cedar Hill; Dulce; Pecos; Ala- millo; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; White Sands; Dona Ana Mountains. Valleys and plains, often in alkaline soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 6. Sporobolus texanus Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 57, 1890. TypeE LocaLity: Screw Bean, Presidio County, Texas. - Ranae: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Carlsbad; along the Pecos near Roswell. Dry plains. 7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 7%: 21. 1856. BUNCHGRABS, Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824. Tyre Locauity: ‘“‘On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains,” Colorado. ° Rance: Washington and Nebraska to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Aztec; McCarthys Station; Santa Ie; Ojo Caliente; Algodones; Belen; Zuni; Socorro; Cliff; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; White Sands. Open plains and dry slopes, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—-FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 77 One of the important range grasses of the State, on the plains. It is able to endure considerable amounts of alkali. 8. Sporobolus wrightii Munro; Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 9: 103. 1882. Sacaton. Type LocaLiry: Near Pantano, Arizona. Rance: Western Texas to southern Colorado and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro; Fort Bayard; Dog Spring; Deming; Mangas Springs; Gila Hot Springs; Las Vegas; Buchanan; Carrizozo; Carlsbad. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. An important range grass. Both this and the preceding are often cut for hay. ' 9, Sporobolus nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 49. 1888, name only; Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 57. 1890. NEALLEY’S DROPSEED. Type LocALity: Brazos Santiago, Texas. Rance: Western Texas to New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos; near Suwanee; Las Cruces; White Sands; Round Mountain; plains 35 miles south of Torrance; Roswell. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 10. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Man. 576, 1848. Agrostis cryptandrus Torr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824. Type Locauity: “On the Canadian River,’’ Colorado? Rance: Washington and Maine to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Plains and dry slopes, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. “ 11. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 210. 1833. Agrostis asper Michx. F 1. Bor. Amer. 1: 52. 1803. Type LocaLity: “ Habitat in collibus rupibusque regionis I]linoensis.”’ RANGE: Minnesota and Nebraska to New England, south to Texas and Florida. New Mexico: Pecos (Standley 5313). Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 12. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 601. 1905. Sporobolus eryptandrus fleruosus Thurb. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 62. 1892. Type Locauity: “Dry western plains, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona to Texas.” Rance: Nevada to Texas and Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Socorro; Albuquerque; Deming; Tortugas Mountain; White Sands; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains. Sandy soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 83. POLYPOGON Desf. BrarpDGRASS. Mostly annuals with decumbent or erect stems, flat leaves, and densely flowered terminal panicles; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite; glumes nearly equal, usually broader above, entire or 2-lobed, awned; lemma much smaller than the glumes, thin, hyaline, entire, emarginate, or bifid, awned, the awn slender, straight, or geniculate and twisted below; stamens | to 3; styles short, distinct; stigmas plumose; grain free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Glumes notched at the apex; awns very long, concealing the spikelets...........---- 0-2-2 e ee eee eee eee eee eee 1. P. monspeliensis. Glumes attenuate at the apex; awns short, not concealing the spikelets.........------- 0-0-0202 ee eee eee eee eee cece 2. P. littoralis. 1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Atlant. 1: 67. 1800. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. 61. 1753. Tyre Ltocatity: “Habitat Monspelii.” 78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: British America to Mexico; also in Europe. New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Sandia Mountains; Albuquerque; Socorro; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; Fort Bayard; Alamogordo. In wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) J. E. Smith, Comp. FI. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816. Agrostis littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. ed. 3. 2: 129: 1796. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Wells, on the Norfolk coast,’’ England. RancGE: British America to California and New Mexico and the Gulf Coast; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Berendo Creek; Albuquerque; Alamogordo; Carrizo Mountains, Wet ground. 34. CINNA L. Woop REED GRASS. Tall perennials with numerous flat leaves and with many-flowered nodding panicles; spikelets 1-flowered ; rachilla jointed below the glumes as well as above them, produced below the floret into a short smooth stipe and usually extending behind the palea as a slender naked bristle; lemmas similar to the glumes, 3-nerved, obtuse, usually with a very short subterminal awn; palea apparently 1-nerved, keeled; stamen 1; styles short, distinct; grain free. 1. Cinna latifolia (Trevir.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435, 1853. Agrostis latifolia Trevir.; Gépp. Beschr. Bot. Gart. Breslau 82, 1830. Cinna pendula Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 280, 1841. Type Locauitry: Not ascertained. Rance: Alaska and British America to Oregon, New Mexico, and North Carolina. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains (Wooton). Transition Zone. 35. AGROSTIS L. Annuals or usually perennials with small spikelets in open panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, not produced beyond the floret; glumes equal or nearly so, acute, longer than the floret; lemma rather broad, less firm than the glumes, usually obtuse, awnless or with a slender dorsal awn; palea hyaline, much shorter than the lemma or wanting; stamens 3; grain inclosed in the lemma but free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicles dense or very narrow. Culms decumbent at the base, with long creeping stolons rooting at the nodes; panicles short and thick.................. 1. A. stolonifera. Culms erect, without stolons; panicles long and narrow....... 2. A. exarata. Panicles loose and spreading. _ Branches of the panicle 7 to 10 cm. long.................... 3. A. hiemalis. Branches of the panicle 4 to 6 cm. long. Palea minute and inconspicuous.......................... 4. A. idahoensis. Palea half as long as the lemma. Lemma usually not awned; branches of the panicle ascending.........22.-.000-20 cece cece e eee eee ee 5. A, alba. Lemma with an awn of about the same length; branches of the panicle spreading or reflexed...........-. 6. A. roset. 1. Agrostis stolonifera L. Sp. Pl. 62. 1753. WATER BENTGRASS. Agrostis verticillata Vill. Prosp. Pl. Dauph. 16. 1779. Type Locatiry: ‘“ Habitat in Europa.” Rance: California and Texas to Mexico; also in South America, Europe, and Asia. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Sandia Mountains; Santa Fe; Las WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 79 Vegas Hot Springs; Burro Mountains; Socorro; Fort Bayard; Berendo Creek; Rincon; Cloverdale; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; Malones Ranch; Roswell. Wet ground and borders of streams, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 2..Agrestis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824. Type Locaity: “ Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska and British America to Mexico; also in Siberia. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Ramah; Winsor Creek; Pecos; Rio Pueblo; Las Vegas; Cross L Ranch; Fort Bayard; Rio Mimbres; Chiz; Lower Plaza; Deming; Santa Fe; Burro Mountains; Organ Mountains; Gilmores Ranch. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 8. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888. Hair GRASS, Cornucopiae hiemalis Walt. Fl. Carol. 73. 1788. Agrostis seabra Willd. Sp. Pl. 1:370, 1799. Type Locauity: Carolina. Rance: Throughout most of North America. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Grants Station; Inscription Rock; Mogollon Mountains; Mimbres River; White and Sacramento mountains. Meadows and woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 4. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 42. 1897. Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 21. 1883, not Sibth. 1794. Type Locatiry: Forest, Nez Perces County, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: El Rito Creek ( Wooton 2989). Damp woods, in the Transition Zone. 5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. REDTOP. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae nemoribus.”’ RanGeE: British America, southward to Mexico. New Mexico: El Rito Creek; Santa Fe; Albuquerque; Zuni Reservation; Indian Creek; Farmington; Cedar Hill; Fort Bayard; Animas Creek; White Mountains. Wet meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 6. Agrostis rosei Scribn. & Merr. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24; 21. 1901. Type Locauiry: Sierra Madre, Zacatecas, Mexico. RanGE: Southwestern New Mexico to central Mexico. New Mexico: Cloverdale (Mearns 462). 86. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. REED BENTGRASS. Tall perennials with small spikelets in many-flowered terminal panicles; spikelets 1-flowered; rachilla produced above the floret into a short, usually hairy pedicel or bristle; glumes nearly equal, awnless, usually exceeding the lemma; lemma sur- rounded at the base by numerous hairs, these sometimes equaling or exceeding it in length, awned on the back usually from below the middle; palea more than half the length of the lemma, faintly 2-nerved; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain inclosed by the lemma and palea and more or less adherent. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicles open, the lower branches spreading or drooping; spikelets greenish.............22 20 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee ences 1. C. canadensis. Panicles dense, the branches erect or ascending; spikelets strongly tinged with purple..........-..-.--.-2----------------0-- .. 2. C. hyperborea americana, 80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 15. 1812. Arundo canadensis Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803. TYPE LOCALITY: Canada. RanGeE: British America to Oregon, New Mexico, Ohio, and New Jersey. New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Winsor Creek. Wet ground, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 2. Calamagrostis hyperborea americana Vasey; Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 41. 1898. Deyeuxia neglecta americana Vasey; Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 206. 1888. Tyre Locauiry: Donald, Columbia Valley, British Columbia. RanGE: British America to Oregon, New Mexico, and Vermont. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Harveys Upper Ranch. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. 37. CALAMOVILFA Scribn. Sanp crass. Rather tall rigid perennials with loosely spreading panicles; spikelets 1-flowered ; rachilla jointed above the glumes but not prolonged beyond the floret, the callus densely bearded; glumes laterally compressed, keeled, chartaceous, awnless, unequal, acute; lemma l-nerved, acute; stamens 3; styles distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicle branches erect; spikelets about 6 mm. long............22.0. 1. C. longifolia. Panicle branches spreading; spikelets 8 mm. long........2.-.22..0.. 2. C. gigantea, 1. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. True Grasses 113. 1890. Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 241. 1840. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘Saskatchawan.”’ Range: British America to New Mexico and Indiana. New Mexico: Near Texline (Griffiths 5650). Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 2. Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 85: 2. 1901. Calamagrostis gigantea Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 143. 1837. TYPE LocaLiry: ‘‘On the sandy banks of Great Salt river of the Arkansas.”’ RANGE: Sandy soil, Kansas to Arizona. New Mexico: A single specimen seen, without definite locality. 38. DANTHONIA DC. Wup oat GRASS. Low cespitose perennials with simple, spreading or narrow panicles; spikelets several- flowered, the uppermost flower imperfect or rudimentary; rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes 2, much exceeding the lemmas, these rounded on the back, 2-toothed or bifid, awned between the teeth, the awn formed by an extension of the 3 middle nerves of the lemma. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lemmas pubescent only on the margin and at the base............. 1. D, intermedia. Lemmas pubescent on the back as well gs on the margin. Glumes 15 to 20 mm. long............02..0..00-000-00---22... 2. D. parryi. Glumes 10 mm. long or less..............22.20.200000200222... 3. D. spicata. 1. Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 52. 1883. TYPE LocaLity: “California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of British America to Mount Albert, Lower Canada.”’ Rance: British America to California and New Mexico. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 81 New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon (Standley 4880). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Danthonia parryi Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 21: 133. 1896. TYPE Loca.iry: Colorado. RANGE: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Grass Mountain (Standley 4371). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone. 3. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 690. 1817. Avena spicata L. Sp. Pl. 80. 1753. Type Locauiry: ‘‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.”’ RancGE: British America to New Mexico, Louisiana, and North Carolina. New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; West Fork of the Gila. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone, 39. AVENA L. Oars. Annuals or perennials with rather large spikelets variously paniculate; spikelets 2 to 6-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, bearded below the lemmas; glumes 2, unequal, membranaceous, longer than the lemmas, these rounded on the back, 5 to 9-nerved, often bidentate at the apex, with a long dorsal twisted awn; grain pubes- cent, at least at the apex, frequently adherent to the lemma or palea, KEY TO THE SPECIES, Glumes shorter than the lemmas; panicles lax, somewhat nodding; lemmas hairy at the base...............-2-2.---2-----2----2----- 1. A. striata. Glumes longer than the lemmas; panicles open; lemmas often hairy up to the base of the awn.....-....2.2.--2222---200- eee eee eee eee 2, A. fatua. 1. Avena striata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803. Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in sinu Hudsonis per tractus montium ad Canadam,” Ranae: British America to New Mexico and Pennsylvania. New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek (Standley 4185). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Avena fatua L. Sp. Pl. 80. 1753. WILD oats. Type Locauiry: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae agris inter segetes.”’ RanGeE: Native of Europe and Asia, widely introduced into the United States; especially common in grain fields. New Mexico: Shiprock; Carrizo Mountains; Dulce; Cedar Hill; Cleveland; Taos; Pecos; Mora. 40. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. Annuals or perennials with flat or convolute leaves and rather small shining spikelets in terminal or lateral, narrow or loose panicles; spikelets mostly 2-flowered; rachilla hairy, jointed above the glumes and prolonged beyond the upper floret as a hairy bristle; glumes 2, thin and scarious, acute or obtuse, nearly equal; lemmas subhyaline, 4-nerved, truncate and more or less regularly 2 to 4-toothed, awned on the back, the awn slender, twisted below; palea narrow, 2-nerved; grain oblong, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants low, 20 to 40 cm. high; glumes 4 mm. long; awns much longer than the lemmas..................-- cece cece ee eee eee eens 1. D. alpicola. Plants tall, 60 to 100 cm.; glumes 3 to 3.5 mm. long; awns little if at all longer than the lemmas..............-..-------------+----- 2. D. caespitosa, 1. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 601. 1905. Type Locatity: Mountain meadows, Pikes Peak, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming and Utah to northern New Mexico, 52576°—15——6 82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, New Mexico: Truchas Peak; El Rito Creek; Las Vegas Range; near the head of the Nambe. Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 2. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 91, 160. 1812. Aira cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 64. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae pratis cultis & fertilibus.”’ RanGE: Arctic America to California, Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: North of Ramah; Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Harveys Upper Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Spirit Lake; Silver Spring Canyon. Meadows, Transition to Hudsonian Zone. 41. TRISETUM Pers. [Fase oars. Cespitose perennials or rarely annuals, with flat leaves and dense, spikelike or narrow, loose panicles; spikelets 2-(rarely 3 to 5-)flowered; rachilla hairy or naked, jointed above the glumes and between the florets, produced beyond the upper flower as a usually hairy bristle; glumes 2, awnless, carinate, unequal, usually longer than the lemmas; lemmas subhyaline, carinate, cleft or 2-toothed at the apex, the teeth sometimes produced into slender awns, awned between or a little below the teeth; awns twisted and usually geniculate; palea narrow, 2-toothed; grain smooth, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Panicles slender, interrupted; plants slender..............-.---- 1. T. interruptum. Panicles dense and crowded, not interrupted; plants stout. Leaf blades and sheaths long-hairy; upper part of the stem densely pubescent. ...........-.020-e0- eee eee eeeeee es 3 L' spicatum. Leaf blades and sheaths glabrous or the lowest sheath short- pubescent with reflexed hairs; stems glabrous or slightly scabrous in the inflorescence........-..---.-- 2.- T. montanum., 1. Trisetum interruptum Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 100. 1863. TypE Locauity: Middle Texas. RANGE: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Bishops Cap (Wooton). Upper Sonoran Zone, 2. Trisetum montanum Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 118. 1886. TypE Locauity: Not stated. Rance: Wyoming to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Cowles; Rio Pueblo; mountains near Las Vegas; Eagle Creek. Meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 3. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. Pl. Eur. 1: 59. 1890. Aira spicata L. Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. Aira subspicata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 10. 873. 1759. Trisetum subspicatum Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 88. 1812. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus.”’ RaneGE: Arctic America to California, New Mexico, and New Hampshire; also in Europe. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Jemez Mountains. Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 42. BULBILIS Raf. Burrato arass. Creeping or stoloniferous perennial with narrow flat leaves and unlike staminate and pistillate flowers borne on the same or different plants; staminate spikelets 2 or 3-flowered, sessile in 2 rows along the short one-sided spikes, the glumes obtuse, unequal, the lemmas larger, 3-nerved, the palea 2-nerved; stamens 3; pistillate spikelets 1-flowered, in nearly capitate one-sided spikes scarcely exserted from the a ee WOOTON AND STANDLEY-—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 83 broad sheaths of the upper leaves, the glumes 2, or the first sometimes wanting, 3-toothed at the apex, the lemma narrow, hyaline, entire or bifid at the apex; styles distinct; grain free, 1. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf.; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 763. 1891. Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 65. 1818. Buchloe dactyloides Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 1: 432. 1859. Tyre Locauiry: “‘On the open grassy plains of the Missouri.”’ Rance: North Dakota and Minnesota to Arkansas and Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Nara Visa; Raton; Santa Fe; Coolidge; Pecos; Logan; Buchanan; Mesilla Park. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 43. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. Mostly tall annuals with flat leaves and elongated simple panicles composed of numerous more or less spreading, slender spikes scattered along the main axis; spike- lets 2 to several-flowered, sessile in 2 rows along one side of the slender and often numerous branches; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these 2-keeled, awnless or very short-awned; lemmas carinate, 3-nerved, acute, awnless or very short-awned or 2 or 3-toothed, mucronate or short-awned between the teeth; palea 2-keeled. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets 2.5 mm. long or less, broad, 2 to 4-flowered. Sheaths pilose................-------- wee eee eee eee eee eee eee 1. L, filiformis. Sheaths not pilose.........2..-22.2.-222--22-222--222-2022--- 2. L, nealleyi. Spikelets 3 mm. long or more, narrow, 5 to 12-flowered. Lemmas pubescent at the base; annual...........-..---...--- 3. L. fascicularis. Lemmas glabrous; perennial.........-.......2...220--2-2...- 4. L. dubia. 1. Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 71. 1812. Festuca filyormis Lam. Tabl. Encyel. 1: 191. 1791. Eleusine mucronata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 65. 1803. Leptochloa mucronata Kunth, Rév. Gram, 1: 91, 1835. Type Locauiry: ‘“‘Ex Amer. Merid.”’ Rance: Virginia and Florida to California and Mexico; also in the West Indies and southern Asia. New Mexico: Hillsboro; Mesilla Valley. Sandy fields, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. Leptochloa nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 12: 7. 1885. TYPE LOCALITY: Texas. RanGeE: Western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Carlsbad (Tracy 8191). Plains. 8. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray, Man. 588. 1848. Festuca fascicularis Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 189. 1791. Festuca procumbens Muhl. Descr. Gram. 160. 1817. Uralepis composita Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 94. 1863. Diplachne procumbens Nash in Britton, Man. 128. 1901. Type Locatity: ‘‘Ex Amer. Merid.”’ RanGE: Maryland and Florida to South Dakota and Mexico. New Mexico: Salt Lake; Socorro; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Carlsbad. Sandy fields, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. The type of Uralepis composita was collected in New Mexico by Woodhouse. 4. Leptochloa dubia (H. B. K.) Nees, Syll. Pl. Ratisb. 1: 4. 1824. SPRANGLE. Chloris dubia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 169. 1815. Diplachne dubia Scribn. Bull. Torrey Club 10: 30. 1883, 84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locauiry: ‘“Crescit in apricis subhumidis prope rupem porphyreticam el Penon, in convalle Mexicana, alt. 1168 hexap.”’ Rance: Arizona and western Texas to Florida and Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; near White Water; Dog Spring; near Silver City; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; Carlsbad. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 44. ACAMPTOCLADOS Nash. Tufted perennial with stiff stems, involute leaves, and a panicle of scattered, dis- tant, widely spreading, rigid branches; spikelets scattered, singly disposed in 2 rows, sessile, 4 to 6-flowered; glumes subequal, acuminate, the first 1-nerved, the second usually 3-nerved; lemmas 3-nerved, acute, indurated in fruit; palea compressed, the 2 nerves ciliolate, gibbous at the base; stamens 3; styles distinct. 1. Acamptoclados sessilispicus (Buckl.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 140. 1903. Eragrostis sessilispica Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 97. 1863. Diplachne rigida Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12: pl. 41. 1891. Tyre Locauity: Near Austin, Texas. RanaeE: Kansas and Texas to eastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sands south of Melrose; Nara Visa. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 45. BECKMANNIA Host. SLouan Grass. Tall erect plant with flat leaves and terminal elongated inflorescence; spikelets 1 or 2-flowered, compressed, imbricated in 2 rows along one side of the rachis of the shor. .ikes; glumes narrow, boat-shaped, obtuse or abruptly pointed, nearly equal; lemmas narrow, acute or mucronate; palea hyaline, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short, distinct; grain oblong, inclosed within the rigid fruiting lemma and palea, free. 1. Beckmannia erucaeformis (I.) Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 3:5. 1805. Phalaris erucaeformis L. Sp. Pl. 55. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Siberia, Russia, Europa australi.’’ RanGE: British America to California, New Mexico, and Iowa; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Farmington; Chama; Grants Station; Zuni. In marshes and along streams, in the Transition Zone. 46. CAPRIOLA Adans. Low creeping perennial with short flat leaves and slender spikes digitate at the apex of the erect branches; spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, sessile in 2 rows along one side of a slender continuous axis, forming unilateral spikes; glumes narrow, keeled, usually acute; lemma broader, usually slightly longer than the glumes, obtuse, pilose on the keel and margins; palea about the length of the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain free. 1. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891. Brrmupa erass. Panicum dactylon 1, Sp. Pl. 58. 17538. Cynodon dactylon Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 1805, Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europa australi.’’ RanGE: Native of the Old World, widely introduced in southern North America, often cultivated as a lawn grass. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Bermuda grass is often employed in New Mexico for lawns. It is especially valu- able for this purpose in the southern part of the State, since it is resistant to heat and drought. Sometimes it becomes a troublesome weed in cultivated fields, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 85 47. SCHEDONARDUS Steud. TEXAN CRABGRASS. Low, diffusely branched perennial with short narrow leaves and slender paniculate spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, hermaphrodite, sessile, scattered along one side of the slender rachis of the widely spreading spikes; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these narrow, slightly unequal, membranaceous; lemmas longer than the glumes, mem- branaceous, becoming somewhat rigid, acuminate or minutely mucronate; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain inclosed within the rigid lemmas and palea but free. 1. Schedonardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Rep. Ark. Geol. Surv. 1888*: 236. 1891. Lepturus paniculatus Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 81. 1818. Schedonardus texanus Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 146. 1855. Type LocaLity: ‘On dry saline plains, near Fort Mandan, on the Missouri,”’ Rance: Manitoba and Saskatchewan to New Mexico and Texas. New Mexico: From the Mogollon and White Mountains northward and eastward throughout the State. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 48. BOUTELOUA Lag. Grama arass. Low annuals or perennials, with narrow, flat or convolute leaves and few or many unilateral spikelets nearly sessile along a common rachis; spikelets 1 or 2-flowered, numerous, crowded and closely sessile in 2 rows along one side of a continuous flattened rachis, this usually projecting beyond the spikelets; rachilla articulated above the glumes, the continuation beyond the hermaphrodite floret usually bearing a few rudimentary glumes and 3 awns; glumes unequal, the lower smaller, keeled; lemma broader, 3-nerved, 3 to 5-toothed or cleft; palea 2-nerved and 2-toothed; grain free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikes numerous, 5 to 60; spikelets few, usually less than 12. Spikes 30 to 60, each with 4 to 10 spikelets...............-. 1. B. curtipendula. Spikes 5 to 11, each with 3 to 6 spikelets........-....---.-- 2. B. radicosa. Spikes few, 1 to 6; spikelets numerous, 24 or more. Annuals, Spikes solitary; plants low, tufted.............--.----- 3. B. procumbens. Spikes more than one; plants various. Spikelets closely appressed to the rachis, forming a cylindrical spike........--.--.--.2...-5--- 4. B. aristidoides. Spikelets crowded on one side of the rachis, making it one-sided. Plants 30 cm. high or more, the stems erect.... 5. B. parryi. Plants 10 to 15 cm. high, the stems spreading... 6, B. barbata. Perennials. Spikes loose, more or less cylindric; lower part of stems densely woolly .............-0--- 2-2-2 - eee eee eee 7. B. eriopoda. Spikes with more numerous crowded spikelets, one- sided; stems not woolly. Glumes smooth or slightly roughened............-- 8. B. breviseta. Glumes stiff-hairy. Spikes 3 to 5, short and broad; rachis extended much beyond the spike..............---- 9. B. hirsuta. Spikes 1 to 3, mostly 2, long and narrow; rachis but slightly extended................---- 10. B. gracilis. 1. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848. TALL GRAMA, Chloris curtipendula Michx. F1. Bor. Amer. 1: 59. 1803. Bouteloua racemosa Lag. Var. Cienc, 2*: 141. 1805. 86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Atheropogon curtipendulus Fourn. Mex, Pl. 2: 138. 1881. Type tocauty: ‘Hab. in aridis regionis Illinoensis ad Wabast et in rupibus ad prairie du rocher.”’ Ranae: British America to New Jersey, California, and Mexico. New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Plains and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, An important range grass in some parts of the State. 2. Bouteloua radicosa (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 14: 411. 1912. Dinebra bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:172. pl. 51. 1816, not Bouteloua bromoides Lag. 1816. Atheropogon radicosus Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 140. 1881. TyPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Ranee: California and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Mogollon Creek, Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Bouteloua procumbens (Durand) Griffiths, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 264. 1912. SIX-WEEKS GRAMA, Chloris procumbens Durand, Chlor. Sp. 1808. Bouteloua prostrata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 5. 1816. Bouteloua pusilla Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 6. 1884. TYPE LocaLiry: Not ascertained. Ran@e: Colorado and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Santa Fe; El Rito Creek; Ensenada; Las Vegas; Grants; Pecos; Roy; Kingston; West Fork of the Gila; White Mountains. Sandy soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The type of B. pusilla was collected at Kingman by G. R. Vasey, in 1881. 4. Bouteloua aristidoides (H. B. K.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 537. 1864. SIX-WEEKS GRAMA. Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 171. 1816. Triathera aristidoides Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 137. 1903. TyPE LocaLity: “‘Crescit in asperis frigidis convallis Tolucensis, alt. 1320 hexap.”’ RanGe_: California and western Texas to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Deming; Socorro; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains; Las Cruces. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 5. Bouteloua parryi (Fourn.) Griffiths, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 14: 381. 1912. SANDHILL GRAMA. Chondrosium parryi Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 150. 1881. Bouteloua polystachya vestita 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 177. 1883. Bouteloua vestita Scribn. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 531. 1894. TyPE LocaLity: Near San Luis Potos{, Mexico. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and Mexico. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; mesa west of Organ Mountains; Jarilla Junction. Mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 6. Bouteloua barbata Lag. Var. Cienc. 24: 141. 1805. SIX-WEEKS GRAMA, Chondrosium polystachyum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 56. 1844. Bouteloua polystachya Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5?: 366. 1857. TYPE LocaLity: Described from cultivated plants. Rance: California and Utah to Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; San Juan Valley; Chama River; Albuquerque; Socorro; Mangas Springs; Santa Rita; Deming; Black Range; Dog Spring; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; White Sands; Pecos Valley. Sandy fields and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. / y’ WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 87 7. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 155. 1856. BLACK GRAMA. Chondrosium eriopodum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848. Type Locatiry: Along the Rio Grande, New Mexico. Type collected by Emory. RanGe: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Common throughout the State except in the extreme northeast. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. This is one of the most valuable range grasses in the southern part of New Mexico. “ §. Bouteloua breviseta Vasey, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1:58. 1890. Type LOcALITy: Screw Bean, Presidio County, Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: White Sands; Lakewood; Carlsbad. Dry plains, in the Lower Sono- ran Zone. 9. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Var. Cienc. 2*: 141. 1805. Harry GRAMA. Chondrosium hirtum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pl. 59. 1816. Chondrosium foeneum Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 154. pl. 12. 1848. Tyre Locatity: Described from cultivated plants. Ranae: Colorado and Nebraska to Mexico and Florida. New Mexico: Pecos; Clayton; Nara Visa; Silver City; Socorro; Torrance; Organ Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Leachs; Buchanan. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The type of Chondrosium foeneum was collected by Emory along the Rio Grande. 10. Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 219. 1840. BLUE GRAMA. Chondrosium gracile H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pl. 58. 1816. Atheropogon oligostachyum Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 178. 1818. Bouteloua oligostachya Torr.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 553. 1853. Type Locairy: ‘‘Crescit in crepidinibus et devexis montis porphyritici La Buffa de Guanaxuato Mexicanorum, alt. 1270 hexap.”’ Rance: British America to California, Missouri, and Mexico. New Mexico: Common throughout the State except at lower levels. Meadows and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. Blue grama is undoubtedly the most valuable forage plant of New Mexico. It occurs generally on the higher plains and lower mountains at altitudes of from 1,800 to 2,400 meters, often forming nearly pure stands. When not molested it becomes knee-high, and a large field in such a condition is a beautiful sight because of the myriads of purple spikes. The grass is resistant to overgrazing and is able to spread rapidly when not too closely grazed. This has generally been known as Bouteloua oligostachya, a name which, unfortu- nately, lacks priority. 49. CHLORIS Swartz. Mostly perennials with flat leaves and rather showy inflorescence of 2 to many digitate spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, awned, sessile in 2 rows along one side of a con- tinuous rachis, forming unilateral spikes; rachilla jointed above the glumes and pro- duced beyond the palea, bearing 1 or more empty rudimentary awned glumes; glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled; lemma narrow or broad, 1 to 3-nerved, acute to truncate or emarginate or 2-lobed, often ciliate on the back or margins, the middle nerve usually prolonged into an awn; grain free. 88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikes slender, naked or interrupted at the base; panicle of more than a single verticel of spikes........ eee eee eee eee eee ee ee 1. C. verticillata. Spikes stout, spikelet-bearing to the base; panicle of a single ter- minal verticel of spikes. Lemma conspicuously hairy, long-villous on the nerves and MAMQINS. 2.2. eee cee eee eee cece eee eee 2. C. elegans. Lemma not conspicuously hairy, the pubescence very short or none. Lemma 3-nerved, obovate-cuneate, the apex rounded..... 3. C. brevispica. Lemma 7-nerved, broadly triangular, very shortly awned.. 4. C. cweullata. 1. Chloris verticillata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. set, 5: 150. 1837. TYPE Locality: ‘On the sandy banks of the Arkansas, near Fort Smith.”’ RanGE: Kansas and Texas to New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos; Clayton; Redlands; Socorro; Nambe Valley. Dry plains and hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Chloris elegans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 165. 1816. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Inter Mexico et Queretaro.” Ran@e: Texas and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Common from Silver City, Socorro, and Roswell southward. Plains and river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Often a troublesome weed in alfalfa fields. . Chloris brevispica Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 438. 1898. TYPE LOCALITY: Nueces County, Texas. RanGeE: Western Texas to southeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Roswell (Griffiths 5710, 5746). Sandy soil. 4. Chloris cucullata Bisch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 19: 357. 1853. CROWFOOT GRAMA. Type Locatity: “Hab. Mexico boreali. Semina in provincia Tamaulipas prope Matamoros lecta absque nomine misit Dr. Engelmann, 1849.”’ RanGeE: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Roswell; Carlsbad. Plains. 50. TRICHLORIS Fourn. Erect perennials with flat leaves and with many slender spikes digitate or closely approximate at the apex of the culm, forming dense oblong panicles; spikelets 1 to 3-flowered, hermaphrodite, sessile in 2 series along the continuous rachis of the uni- lateral spikes; rachilla articulated above the glumes and prolonged above the hermaph- rodite flowers, terminating in an awned rudimentary floret; glumes unequal, 1-nerved, membranaceous, the second short-awned; lemmas membranaceous, 3-nerved, 3-awned, the awns erect, subequal or the lateral ones much shorter; palea hyaline, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain narrow, oblong, free. 1. Trichloris fasciculata Fourn.; Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 102. 1881. TypE Loca.ity: Not stated. Ranae: Western Texas to New Mexico and Mexico, New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Sandy mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 51. PAPPOPHORUM Schreb. Cespitose perennial with narrow, usually convolute leaves and spikelike panicles; spikelets 1 or 2-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these persistent, mem- branaceous, acute, carinate, nerveless, or with 1 to 3 nerves on each side; lemmas WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 89 broad at the base, subcoriaceous, obscurely many-nerved, unequally divided into 9 to 23 awnlike lobes; palea rather broad, 2-keeled near the margins. 1. Pappophorum wrightii 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 178. 1883. Type Loca.ity: Western Texas or southern New Mexico. RanGE: Western Texas and southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Kingston; Cerrillos; Socorro; Dog Spring; Las Cruces; Organ Mountains; Carrizozo, Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 52. SCLEROPOGON Phil. Fase NEEDLE GRASS. Perennial, cespitose, often stoloniferous grasses with nearly simple panicles; spike- lets unisexual, the two kinds unlike, 2 to many-flowered; staminate spikelets many- flowered, the glumes narrow, acute, 3-nerved, awnless, unequal, the lemmas some- times minutely 3-toothed at the apex, the palea narrow and rigid; stamens 3; pistillate spikelets 1 to many-flowered, the glumes persistent, very unequal, the lemmas rigid, narrow, the 3 nerves produced into very long slender divergent twisted awns; styles distinct, elongated; grain free, narrow, elongated. 1. Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. Anal. Univ. Chile 34: 205. 1870. TypE Loca.ity: Chile. RanGeE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Hillsboro; Albuquerque; Socorro; Tucumcari; Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains; Deming; Carrizozo; White Mountains; Pecos Valley. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Very common on the mesas of southern New Mexico and of considerable importance as a range grass. 53. PHRAGMITES Trin. Carrizo. Tall reedlike perennial with stout leafy culms and large terminal panicles; spike- lets loosely 3 to 7-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets, clothed with long silky hairs; lowest floret staminate or neutral, the others fertile; glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, shorter than the florets; lemmas glabrous, very narrow, acuminate; grain free. 1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 379. 1880-3. Arundo phragmites L. Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europae lacubus fluviis.”’ Rance: Nearly throughout the United States and in Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Farmington; Cimarron; Canada Alamosa; Copper Mines; Mimbres River; Mesilla Valley; Round Mountain; Roswell. In wet ground, especially in river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 54. ARUNDO L. Tall (2 to 3 meters or more) perennial with flat leaves and ample terminal panicles; spikelets 2 to many-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets, smooth; florets crowded, fertile, or the upper or lower staminate; glumes 2, narrow, subequal, 3-nerved, smooth, acute or acuminate, about the length of the spike- let; lemmas membranaceous, 3-nerved, 2-toothed at the apex, mucronate between the teeth, long-pilose on the back; palea hyaline, 2-keeled; grain smooth, free. 1. Arundo donax L. Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. GIANT REED, Type Locatity: “Habitat in Hispania, Galloprovincia.’’ Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico, probably naturalized; also in the Old World. 90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Wet ground. This grass, the largest of all those found in New Mexico, is frequent along ditches in the Rio Grande Valley, where it has probably been introduced. 55. MUNROA Torr. Low, diffusely much branched annual with short sharp-pointed leaves clustered at the ends of the branches; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered, 3 to 5 together and nearly sessile in the axis of the floral leaves; rachilla jointed above the glumes; glumes lanceolate, acute, hyaline, l-nerved; lemmas longer, 3-nerved, entire, retuse, or 3-cleft, the midnerve or all the nerves excurrent as short mucronate points; palea hyaline, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct, elongated; grain inclosed within the lemma, free, 1. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 158, 1856. Crypsis squarrosa Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 49. 1818. Type Locatity: “On arid plains near the ‘Grand Detour’ of the Missouri, almost exclusively covering thousands of acres.”’ Rance: Alberta and South Dakota to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Dry plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 56. DASYOCHLOA Willd. Low, densely tufted, often creeping perennial, with very narrow, somewhat rigid leaves and crowded spikelets in clusters of 3 to 6, equaled or exceeded by the upper leaves; spikelets several-flowered, sessile; glumes unequal, keeled; lemmas thin, densely hairy below, deeply bilobate, awned from between the rounded lobes; sta- mens 3. 1. Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 484, 1840, Triodia pulchella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 155. pl. 47. 1816. TyrE Locauity: “‘In subfrigidis, siccis, apricis regni Mexicani inter Guanaxuato, Mina de Belgrado et Cubilente, alt. 1050 hexap.” . Rance: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Shiprock; Carrizo Mountains; Albuquerque; Mangas Springs; Socorro; Tortugas Mountain; Mesilla Valley; Orogrande; Roswell. Sandy mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 57. ERIONEURON Nash. Tufted perennials with thick linear leaves having white margins, and dense, con- tracted, almost capitate panicles; spikelets several to many-flowered; glumes narrow, acuminate; lemmas broad, 3-nerved, pubescent on the nerves below and sometimes on the body of the lemma at the base, the apex acuminate, entire or slightly 2-toothed, the awn terminal or arising between the minute teeth; stamens3; style short, distinct. 1. Erioneuron pilosum (Buckl.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 144. 1903. Uralepis pilosa Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 94. 1863. Steglingia pilosa Nash in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 8: 504. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘Middle Texas.” RanGeE: Kansas and Colorado to New Mexico and Texas. New Mexico: Farmington; Pecos; Knowles; Torrance; Buchanan; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Cross L Ranch; Mangas Springs; Dayton; Gray; Guadalupe Mountains; Roswell. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. —< FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 91 WOOTON AND STANDLEY 58. TRIDENS Roem. & Schult. Perennials with flat or involute leaves and open or contracted, sometimes spike- like inflorescence; spikelets 3 to many-flowered, the flowers perfect or the upper staminate; glumes keeled, obtuse to acuminate, usually shorter than the lemma; lemmas 3-nerved, the midnerve or all the nerves excurrent, pilose, the apex entire or shortly 2-toothed; palea compressed, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short, distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lemmas not pilose on the back; glumes considerably surpassing the lower florets; spikelets subcompressed, oblong, in a rather dense spikelike panicle. . we eeeeeeee -. Ll. T. albescens, Lemmas pilose on the back, at least at. ‘the base; elumes barely as long as the lowest florets, or shorter; spikelets various. Spikelets terete; sterile lemma not ciliate, neither lobed nor awned...........02.0 0220 e eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 2. T. muticus. Spikelets compressed; sterile lemma ciliate, deeply bilobate, with an intermediate awn. Lemmas only slightly cleft at the apex, the lobes narrow, acute; spikelets 10 mm. long.................---- Lemmas cleft half their length, the lobes obtuse; spike- lets 6 to8 mm. long.............-.-.-.-.--2.---- Tridens albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 129. 1912. Triodia albescens Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 127: 33. 1891. Sieglingia albescens Kuntze; L. H. Dewey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 2: 538. 1894. Rhombolytrum albescens Nash in Britton, Man. 129. 1901. Type Locauity: ‘‘Texas and New Mexico.”’ Rance: Kansas to Texas and eastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; Carlsbad; Roswell. Upper Sonoran zones. 2. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 143. 1903. Tricuspis mutica Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 156. 1856. Triodia mutica Benth.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 180. 1883. Type Locatiry: Laguna Colorado, New Mexico. Rance: Western Texas and eastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro; Laguna Colorado; Cross L Ranch; Tortugas Mountain; Roswell. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 3. Tridens avenaceus (H. B. K.) Hitche. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 17: 357. 1913. Triodia avenacea H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 156. pl. 48. 1816. Triodia grandiflora Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 59. 1890. Sieglingia avenacea grandiflora L. H. Dewey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 538. 1894. Tridens grandiflorus Woot. & Stand]. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 129. 1912. Type Locauity: ‘‘In convalle Mexicana inter montem Chapultepec et Penol de 3. T. avenaceus. 4. T. nealleyt. Dry plains, in the Lower and los Banos.”’ Rance: Western Texas to Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Kingston ( Metcalfe 1334). / 4. Tridens nealleyi (Vasey) Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 129. 1912. Triodia nealleyi Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 49. 1888. Sieglingia nealleyi L. H. Dewey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 2: 538. 1894. Type LOCALITY: Western Texas. 92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RanaeE: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain (Wooton 2018). Dry fields, in the Lower Sono- ran zone. 59. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. Rather slender tufted perennials with flat leaves and narrow terminal many-flowered panicles; spikelets 2 or 3-flowered; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets and produced above the upper floret into a slender naked bristle; glumes slightly shorter than the florets, the first very narrow or linear and 1-nerved, the second broadly obovate, 3-nerved, with rather broad scarious margins; lemmas obtuse, usually awnless; palea narrow, 2-nerved; styles distinct, short; grain narrow, free. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Second glume not much, if at all, wider than the lemmas, obtuse or ACUTE... eee eee ee eee eee eee 1. S. pallens. Second glume much wider than the lemmas, rounded or truncate and somewhat cucullate at the apex. Intermediate nerves of the second glume faint; leaves narrow; panicle very narrow, dense and spikelike................ 2. S. obtusata. Intermediate nerves of the second glume almost as prominent as the principal ones; leaves wide; panicle longer and broader, loose.........-------- eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 3. S. robusta. 1. Sphenopholis pallens (Spreng.) Scribn. Rhodora 8: 145. 1906. Aira pallens Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 36. 1807. Koeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117. 1813. Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856. TYPE Loca.ity: Not stated. Rance: British America to New Mexico, Texas, and Georgia. New Mexico: Mouth of Mora River; Albuquerque; Santa Fe Canyon 9 miles east of Santa Fe. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 2. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Rhodora 8: 144. 1906. Aira obtusata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 62. 1803. Eatonia obtusata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856. Type Loca.ity; ‘‘ Habitat in aridis a Carolina ad Floridam.”’ Rance: British America to Oregon, Arizona, and Florida. New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Albuquerque; Zuni; Socorro; Kingston; Organ Mountains. In wet ground, especially along ditch banks, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. / 8. Sphenopholis robusta (Vasey) Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 12. 1910. Eatonia obtusata robusta Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 190. 1895. Eatonia robusta Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 602. 1905. Type LOCALITY: Mullen, Nebraska. RanGeE: Washington and Nebraska to Arizona. New Mexico: Rio Mimbres; Mesilla. Damp meadows, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 60. KOELERIA Pers. JUNE GRass. Cespitose perennials with usually flat narrow leaves and densely flowered spikelike panicles; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered, compressed; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these unequal, keeled, somewhat shorter than the lemmas; lemmas membranaceous, faintly 8 to 5-nerved, obtuse, acute, or mucronate-pointed; palea hyaline, acute, 2-nerved, about as long as the lemma; stamens 3; styles very short. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 93 1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 97. 1805. Aira cristata L. Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Angliae, Helvetiae siccioribus.”’ Rance: British America to Arizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania; also in Europe. New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges. Open slopes and in woods, in the Transition Zone. 61. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. Annuals or perennials with simple or branched culms; spikelets 2 to many-flowered, the uppermost floret imperfect; rachilla jointed but sometimes not disarticulating until after the fall of the lemmas; glumes more or less unequal, usually shorter than the lemma; lemmas glabrous, obtuse or acute, awnless, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves often faint; paleas shorter than the lemmas, often persistent, 2-nerved. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Annuals. Spikelets broad, more than 2 mm. wide..................-- 1. E. megastachya. Spikelets narrow, 1.5 mm. wide or less. Plants low, spreading, 30 cm. high or less; leaves nar- row; spikelets many-flowered; plants of cultivated fields and river valleys.............-----000+---0- 2. E. pilosa. Plants tall, 30 to 100 cm.; leaves broad; spikelets few- flowered; plants usually found in the mountains. Panicles spreading, often nearly 30 cm. long; spikelets 5 to 8 mm. long.............-..-------------- 4, E. mexicana. Panicles contracted, 10 cm. long or less; spikelets 3 to 6 mm. long...........2. 2. eee eee eee eee 3. E. limbata. Perennials. Plants with rigid scaly rootstocks; leaves pungent-pointed.... 5. E. obtusiflora. Plants tufted, without rootstocks; leaves not pungent-pointed. Spikelets crowded, on very short branches........-.-..-- 6. E. secundiflora. Spikelets not crowded, on long slender branches. Panicles narrow and elongated, the branches long and flexuous, erect or nearly so; lateral nerves of the lemmas evident............------------ 7. E. trichodes. Panicles rather open, the branches spreading or ascending, rather rigid; lateral nerves of the lemmas evident or obscure. Lateral nerves of the lemmas faint; plant of the mountains............------------------ 8. E. lugens. Lateral nerves of the lemmas very prominent; on the plains of the eastern part of the State........ 2... ee eee eee eee eee ee eee 9. E. pectinacea. 1. Eragrostis megastachya (Koel.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 187. 1827. STINK GRASS. Briza eragrostis L. Sp. Pl. 70. 1753, not Poa eragrostis L. op. cit. 68 (=Fragrostis eragrostis). Poa megastachya Koel. Descr. Gram. 181. 1802. Eragrostis major Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 4: 14. pl. 24. 1809. Eragrostis poaeoides megastachya A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 631. 1867. TYPE LOCALITY: European. Ranae: Nearly throughout the United States; naturalized from Europe. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Santa Fe; Pecos; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Mangas Springs; Dog Spring; Berendo Creek; West Fork of the Gila; Organ Mountains; Tularosa; Roswell; Mesilla Valley; Carlsbad; Texico. Waste ground. 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 162. 1812. Poa pilosa L. Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Italia.’”’ Ranae: Nearly throughout the United States; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Fort Bayard; near White Water; Mogollon Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Gil- mores Ranch; Tularosa; Texline. Waste places and in meadows, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 3. Eragrostis limbata Fourn. Mex. Pl]. 2: 116, 1886. Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 542. 1894. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico. Rance: Western Texas to California, and southward. New Mexico: Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Eragrostis mexicana (Lag.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 190. 1827. Poa mexicana Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 3. 1816. Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in Imperio Mexicana.”’ RanGeE: Western Texas to southern California and southward. New Mexico: Gallinas Mountains; Raton; Las Vegas; Torrance; Albuquerque; Deming; Dog Spring; Mogollon Mountains; Animas Creek; Organ Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Leachs; Queen; Roswell; White Mountains. Dry hills and canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Eragrostis obtusiflora (Fourn.) Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8: 10. 1897. MEXICAN SALTGRASS. Brizopyrum obtusiflorum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 120, 1881. TYPE Locaity: Mexico. RanaG_E: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Las Playas (Wooton). Alkaline flats, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 6. Eragrostis secundiflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 276. 1830. Poa interrupta Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 146. 1837, not Lam. 1791. Poa oxylepis Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 301. pl. 19. 1854. TyPE LocaLity: Mexico. Rance: Texas and New Mexico to southern Mexico. . New Mexico: Nara Visa; Melrose; Dora; Clayton; Arroyo Ranch; Texline. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 7. Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 465. 1895. Poa trichodes Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 5: 146. 1837. Type Locauity: ‘In bushy prairies and open alluvial lands, Arkansas.’? Ranae: Nebraska and Ohio to New Mexico and Tennessee. New Mexico: Gray; Queen. Dry soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Eragrostis lugens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 2: 505. 1829. Tyrer Locauity: ‘Habitat ad Monte-Video et in confinibus Paraguayanis.”’ RancGE: Texas and Arizona to Mexico and South America. New Mexico: Kingston; Mangas Springs; near White Water; San Luis Mountains ; Dona Ana Mountains; Organ Mountains; Round Mountain. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 9. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 272. 1855. Poa pectinacea Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 69. 1803. Type Locauity: “Hab. in arvis Illinoensibus.”’ RanGE: I]linois and Massachusetts to New Mexico, Texas, and Florida. New Mexico: Near Causey (Wooton). Plains and dry fields, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF. NEW MEXICO, 95 62. MELICA L. ME ic GRass. Perennials with usually soft flat leaves and with rather large spikelets in lax or dense, usually narrow panicles, or sometimes in simple racemes; spikelets 2 to several- flowered, terete or slightly flattened; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the fertile florets, usually bearing 2 or 3 empty glumes at the apex; glumes unequal, membranaceous, awnless, 3 to 5-nerved; lemmas larger, rounded on the back, 7 to 13-nerved, scarious-margined, awnless or short-awned; palea broad, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain free. 1. Melica porteri Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 44. pl. 1. f. 17, 18. 1885. Melica mutica parviflora Porter in Port. & Coult. Syn. Fl. Colo. 149. 1874. Melica parviflora Scribn. Mem. Torrey Club 5: 50. 1894. Type Locauiry: Glen Eyrie, Colorado. Rance: Colorado and Kansas to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Sandia Mountains; Las Vegas; Winsors Ranch; Mogollon Mountains; Silver City; Organ Mountains; White and Sacramento moun- tains. Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 638. BROMUS L. Brome Grass. Annuals or perennials with flat leaves and rather large, erect or pendulous spikelets; spikelets few to many-flowered, slightly or strongly flattened laterally, paniculate or rarely racemose; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, acute or the second short-awned, | to 5-nerved, shorter than the lemmas; lemmas keeled or rounded on the back, 5 to 9-nerved, usually 2-toothed at the apex and awned from the back just below the point or from between the teeth, or some- times awnless; palea a little shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens usually 3; stigmas sessile, plumose; grain sulcate, adherent to the palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lemmas compressed-carinate at the base. Lemmas appressed-villous. Sheaths more or less villous........-----.------------- la. B. marginatus latior. Sheaths glabrous or nearly 80. ...-.---------------+-+-- lb. B. marginatus seminudus. Lemmas smooth or scabrous. Leaves and sheaths conspicuously pubescent. ...--.--- 2. B. unioloides. Leaves glabrous, the sheaths sometimes slightly pu- bescent. Awns inconspicuous; leaves narrow.....-..-- .---- 3. B. polyanthus. Awns conspicuous; leaves wide......------------ 3a. B. polyanthus paniculatus, Lemmas not compressed-carinate but rounded, at least at the base. Lemmas glabrous or scabrous. Sheaths pubescent. Panicles dense, contracted; plants low, 40 cm. high or less...-------------- 2-22 eee eee ee eee eee 4. B. hordeaceus glabrescens. Panicles loose, more or less spreading; plants more than 50 cm. high. ..........-.-+--+--------- 5. B. racemosus. 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Sheaths glabrous. Spikelets laterally compressed, ovate-lanceolate... 6. B. secalinus. Spikelets terete, narrowly oblong................-. 7. B. inermis. Lemmas more or less pubescent. Pubescence unevenly distributed on the margins and dorsal surface of the lemmas.......... eee eens 8. B. richardsoni. Pubescence about equally distributed on margins and dorsal surface of the lemmas. Sheaths densely villous..............22...2.-..... 9. B. lanatipes. Sheaths glabrous or nearly so. Glumes pubescent; tall coarse plant. ........10. B. porteri. Glumes glabrous; weak leafy plant........... 11. B. frondosus. la. Bromus marginatus latior Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900. TYPE LocaLity: Walla Walla, Washington. Range: Washington and Wyoming to Arizona and New Mexico. , New Mexico: North of Ramah; Santa Fe; East Fork of the Gila; Mangas Springs, Canyons, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 1b. Bromus marginatus seminudus Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900. TYPE LocALITy: On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Baldy; Sandia Mountains; Water Canyon; James Canyon; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Transition Zone. 2. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 151. 1816. Festuca unioloides Willd. Hort. Berol. 1: 3. pl. 3. 1816. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Carolina.’’ Range: South Carolina and Florida to Texas, also in Mexico and South America; introduced in other parts of the United States. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Agricultural College. 3. Bromus polyanthus Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 28: 56. f. 34. 1900. Bromus multiflorus Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 46. 1898, not Weig. 1772. TyPE LocaLity: Battle Lake, Sierra Madre Mountains, Wyoming. RANGE: Oregon and Montana to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Santa Fe; Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo; Barranca; Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Las Vegas; Silver City; Patterson; James Canyon; Organ Mountains. Shaded canyons, in the Transition Zone. 3a. Bromus polyanthus paniculatus Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23:56. f. 35. 1900. Tyre Locauity: West Mancos Canyon, Colorado. Range: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos; Glorieta; Baldy; Inscription Rock; Chiz; Mogollon Moun- tains; Gilmores Ranch; James Canyon; Gray. Damp woods and thickets, in the Transition Zone. 4. Bromus hordeaceus glabrescens (Coss.) Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 20. 1900. Bromus mollis glabrescens Coss. Fl. Env. Paris 654. 1845. Type LocaLity: Paris, France. RanGe: Native of Europe, widely introduced in the United States. New Mexico: Willow Creek (Wooton). a WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 97 Y »%. Bromus racemosus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 114, 1762. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Anglia.”’ RanGeE: Native of Europe, adventive in many places in the United States. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mesilla Valley. 6. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. Pl. 76. 1753. CHEAT. . Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae agris secalinis arenosis.’’ Rance: Native of Europe, a common weed in many parts of North America, espe- cially in grain fields. New Mexico: Mangas Springs. 7. Bromus inermis Leyss. Fl. Hal. 16. 1761. HUNGARIAN BROME GRASS. Type Locaity: ‘‘Habitat in pratis succulentis fertilissimis im Fiirstengarten in den Pulverweiden frequens.”’ Rance: Native of Europe, locally established in the United States. New Mexico: Farmington; Mesilla Valley. 8. Bromus richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 281. 1833. Bromus ciliatus scariosus Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 46. 1898. Type Locauity: Described from plants grown from seed sent from western North America. Rance: British America to Arizona and New Mexico. ; ; New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Rio Pueblo; Trout Spring; Beulah; Tunitcha Mountains; Hillsboro Peak; Organ Mountains; Cloudcroft; White Mountains. Thick- ets in the mountains, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 9. Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 52. 1906. Bromus portert lanatipes Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 37. 1900. Type Loca.iry: Idaho Springs, Colorado. RanGeE: Colorado and New Mexico to California. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Glorieta; Johnsons Mesa; Santa Fe; Water Canyon; East Fork of the Gila; Organ Mountains; Gray; White Mountains. Damp thickets, in the Transition Zone. 10. Bromus porteri (Coulter) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 512. 1895. Bromus kalmit porteri Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 425. 1885. Tyre LocaLiry: Twin Lakes, Colorado. RanGe: Montana and South Dakota to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Dulce; Chama; Albuquerque; Glorieta; Raton Mountains; Pescado Spring; Ramah; Johnsons Mesa; Mogollon Creek; Fort Bayard; Organ Mountains; Tularosa Creek; Gilmores Ranch. Damp thickets, in the Transition Zone. 11. Bromus frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 144, 1912. Bromus porteri frondosus Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 37. f. 20. 1900. TypE Locality: Mangas Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by J. G. Smith. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona, New Mexico: Raton; Ponchuelo Creek; Santa Fe Canyon; Mangas Springs; Mogo- llon Creek; Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains. Damp canyons, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 64. DACTYLIS L. OrcHarp GRAss. Perennial with flat leaves and narrow glomerate panicles; spikelets 3 to 5-flowered, nearly sessile in dense fascicles; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, 1 to 3-nerved, sharply keeled, acute; lemmas 5-nerved, shortly awn-pointed, strongly compressed and keeled, ciliate on the keel; palea a little 52576°—15——-7 98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles distinct; grain narrow, oblong, free. 1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. Pl. 71. 1753. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis.”’ Rance: Widely distributed in North America, introduced from Europe and often cultivated. New Mexico: Shiprock; Cedar Hill; Chama; Winsors Ranch; Mesilla Valley. 65. DISTICHLIS Raf. Sa.rarass. Rigid erect stoloniferous perennial with dense panicles of rather few compressed spikelets; spikelets 8 to 16-flowered, dicecious; glumes carinate, acute, shorter than the lemmas; lemmas broader, 3 to many-nerved, acute, rigid; palea 2-keeled, equal- ing or shorter than the lemmas; stamens in the staminate flower 3; styles thickened at the base, rather long, distinct; grain closely enveloped in the thickened and cori- aceous base of the palea. 1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 415. 1887. Uniola spicata L. Sp. Pl. 71. 1753. Tyre LocaLity: ‘‘Habitat in Americae borealis maritimis.”’ Rance: Throughout the United States and in Mexico. New Mexico: Farmington; Dulce; E] Rito; Algodones; Las Palomas; Nambe Val- ley; near Cliff; Rincon; White Sands; Mesilla Valley. Saline soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 66. POA L. BLuearass. Annuals or perennials with usually flat leaves and with a paniculate inflorescence; spikelets 2 to 6-flowered, the uppermost floret rudimentary; rachilla jointed above the glumes, these herbaceous, lanceolate or ovate, 1 to 3-nerved, keeled, persistent; lemmas herbaceous or membranaceous, lanceolate or ovate, acute or obtuse, awnless, 5-nerved, carinate, falling with the 2-keeled palea and a joint of the rachilla, the dorsal or marginal nerves usually soft-hairy and often with a tuft of cobwebby hairs at the base; stamens 3; styles distinct. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Annuals, Plants low, 10 to 20 cm. high; branches of the panicle spreading wee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 1, P. annua. Plants taller, 15 to 50 cm. high; branches of the panicle CTECE.. 2.2.2 eee eee eee eee cee cece eee e ee eee 2. P. bigelovit Perennials. Cobweb at the base of the flowers wanting; spikelets acute at the base; lemmas 5 mm. long or more. Spikelets only slightly compressed; lemmas rounded at the apex. Lemmas merely slightly scabrous; plants bright green........... 2.22 eee eee eee eee ll. P. laevigata. Lemmas strigose below, scabrous above; plants yellowish green............-...... .-12. P. lucida. Spikelets strongly com pressed; lemmas acute. Ligules long, 5 to 7 mm., acute or acuminate. .13. P. longiligula. Ligules short, less than 5 mm. long, rounded or truncate at the apex. Panicles very narrow and contracted, long- peduncled........... cece ence ee eeeee 14. P. longipedunculata. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW Panicles open, broad, on long or short pe- duncles. Panicles very short, 5 cm. or less; plants less than 30 cm. high; leaves smooth beneath, scabrous above........... ..15. Panicles longer, 8 to 15 cm.; plants 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves variously pubescent. Glumes nearly equal, 3-nerved; leaves smooth beneath, sca- brous above.........---+--. 16. Glumes unequal, the first 1-nerved, the second 3-nerved; leaves scabrous beneath, hispid- puberulent above.......--.-. 17. Cobweb present at the base of the flowers, though some- times scanty; lemmas acute (except in P. com- pressa) and usually strongly keeled; plants with horizontal rootstocks; spikelets. and lemmas various. Intermediate nerves of the lemmas faint or obsolete. Stems compressed; panicles narrow, open.......- 8. Stems not compressed; panicles various. Branches of the panicles reflexed.......... 9. Branches of the panicles not reflexed....... 10. Intermediate nerves of the lemmas conspicuous. Panicles with numerous many-flowered spikelets, the branches in fruit ascending (the lower ones in 3’s and 4’s); lemmas acutish...... 3. Panicles usually with few-flowered spikelets, the branches reflexed or spreading in fruit; lemmas very acute. Spikelets few, usually purplish; branches of the panicle few, solitary or in pairs. Intermediate nerves of the lemmas long-hairy.........---..-----+++-- 4. Intermediate nerves of the lemmas gla- brous, the hairs on the principal nerves copious and spreading.... 5. Spikelets numerous, green; branches of the panicle numerous, the lower ones often in 3’s and 4’s. Lemmas only slightly pubescent on the keel below.....-....... 6. Lemmas copiously white-pubescent on the back below, villous on the marginal nerves and keel........ 7. 1. Poa annua L. Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Type tocauty: “ Habitat in Europa ad vias.” MEXICO, 99 P. brevipaniculata. P. arida. P. fendleriana. P. compressa. . aperta. . interior. mh P. pratensis. P. arctica. P. reflexa. P. occidentalis. P. tracyi. Low SPEARGRASS. Rance: Nearly throughout the United States; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Ponchuelo Creek. Moist soil, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribn. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 270. 1893. Type Locatity: “New Mexico”, probably near Santa Fe. Type collected by Fendler (no. 931). RanGE: Colorado and Texas to California. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Watrous; Santa Fe; Glorieta; Taos; Organ Moun- tains; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 8. Poa pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 67. 1753. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS. Type LocaLity: “ Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.’” RANGE: Nearly throughout North America; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Santa Fe Canyon; Truchas Peak; Rio Pueblo; Reserve; Cloudcroft; Raton; Albuquerque; White Mountains. Meadows and woods, in the Transition Zone. 4. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. App. Parry’s Voy. 288. 1824. Type Locauity: Melville Island. Ranae: New Mexico and Colorado to Washington, Alaska, and Labrador. New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4835). Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 5. Poa reflexa Vasey & Scribn. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893. Poa leptocoma reflexa Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 15, 1912. Type Locauity: Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, Colorado. Rance: Oregon and Montana to New Mexico. New Mexico: A single collection seen (Fendler 920), probably from near Santa Fe. Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone. 6. Poa occidentalis Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 274. 1893. Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. Colo, Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 44. 1906. TyPE Locatity: Las Vegas, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Baldy; Winsors Ranch; Sandia Mountains; Las V egas; Santa Fe Canyon; White and Sacramento mountains. Damp meadows and thickets, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 7. Poa tracyi Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 276.-1893. Tyre Locatity: On mountain sides at Raton, New Mexico. Type collected by Tracy in 1887. Rance: Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. New Mexico: Raton. Hillsides, in the Transition Zone. 8. Poa compressa L. Sp. Pl. 69. 1753. ENGLISH BLUEGRASS. Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Europae et Americae septentrionalis siccis, muris, tectis.”’ RanGeE: Native of Europe and Asia, widely naturalized in the United States. New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Raton. 9. Poa aperta Scribn. & Merr. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 35: 4. 1901. TYPE Locauity: Telluride, Colorado. Rance: Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Top of Sandia Mountains (Wooton). 10. Poa interior Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 604. 1905. TYPE Locality: Headwaters of Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, Wyoming. Rane@e: Western British America to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Jemez Mountains; top of Sandia Mountains, Damp meadows, in the Canadian Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 101 VA 11. Poa laevigata Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 31. 1897. Poa laevis Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 273. 1893, not Borb. 1877. TYPE LOCALITY: Montana. Rance: Washington and Montana to New Mexico. New Mexico: Bell; Fitzgerald Cienaga. Meadows. 12. Poa lucida Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 274. 1893. Type LocaLity: Mountain sides near Georgetown, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming and South Dakota to New Mexico. New Mexico: Fitzgerald Cienaga ( Wooton). 13. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 3. 1899. Type Locauity: Silver Reef, Utah. ; RanGeE: Oregon and South Dakota to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Aztec (Baker 87, 204), Low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 14. Poa longipedunculata Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:54. pl. 17. 1898. ; TYPE Locality: Summit of Sheep Mountain, Laramie, Albany County, Wyoming. Rance: Wyoming to New Mexico, New Mexico: Raton; Barranca; Santa Fe Canyon. Hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 15. Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. & Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 2. 1899. TypE Locauity: Table Peak, Colorado. RanG_E: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Las Vegas Hot Springs; Gallinas River. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. “16. Poa arida Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 270. 1893. Poa fendleriana arida Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 14, 1912. TyPE Locauity: Socorro, New Mexico. Type collected by G, R. Vasey in 1881. Rance: Utah and Kansas to New Mexico. New Mexico: Socorro; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Roswell. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 17. Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey, Illustr. N. Amer. Grasses 2: 74. 1893. Mutton Grass, Eragrostis fendleriana Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, 1: 278, 1855. Uralepis poacoides Buck]. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 94, 1863. Type Locautity: New Mexico, probably near Santa Fe. Type collected by Fendler (no. 932). RANGE: Colorado and New Mexico to California. New Mexico: Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Santa Fe; Pecos Baldy; Bear Canyon; San Antonio; Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; Magdalena Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; Little Creek. Meadows and can- yons, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. The type of Uralepis poaeoides is Fendler’s 932, which is also the type of Eragrostis Jendleriana. 67. FESTUCA L. Ferscur. Annuals or perennials of various habit; spikelets several-flowered, pedicellate in narrow and dense or loose and spreading panicles; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets; glumes more or less unequal, narrow, acute; lemmas rounded 102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, on the back, at least below, acute or tapering into a straight awn, faintly 3 to 5-nerved, not webbed at the base; stamens 3; styles very short, distinct; grain elongated, fur- rowed, frequently adnate to the palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Annuals or biennials. Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely 6-flowered...................-- 1. F. pacifica. Spikelets densely 8 to 13-flowered........................... 2. F. octoflora. Perennials. Glumes thin, the second 1-nerved, or 3-nerved only at the base; ligules long and acuminate.......................-- ... 3. F. thurberi. Glumes firm, the second 3 to 5-nerved; ligules various. Plants low, less than 30 cm. high........................ 4. F. brachyphylla. Plants tall, 60 cm. high or more. Leaf blades very narrow, filiform, involute, grayish QTCCN... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee e eee eee 5. FF, arizonica. Leaf blades wide, flat, bright green. Spikelets narrowly oblong, 3 to 5-flowered....... 6. F. sororia. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 to 11-flowered........ 7. F. elatior. 1. Festuca pacifica Piper, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 12. 1906. TYPE LOcALITY: Pullman, Washington, RanGE: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Ledges of Gallinas River, near Las Vegas (Cockerell). Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Carol. 81. 1788. Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1797. TyrE Locality: Carolina. Rance: Throughout most of temperate North America. . New Mexico: Santa Fe; Farmington; Sierra Grande; Las Vegas; Mogollon Moun- tains; Socorro; Organ Mountains; Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Festuca thurberi Vasey in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 292. pi. 29. 1879. Festuca scabrella vaseyana Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 603. 1896. TypE Locatiry: Twin Lakes, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Beattys Cabin; Sandia Mountains; Baldy. Meadows, in the Canadian Zone. 4. Festuca brachyphylla Schult. Mant. 3: 646. 1827. Festuca brevifolia R. Br. Suppl. App. Parry’s Voy. 188. 1824, not Muhl. 1817. Festuca ovina brevifolia 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 389. 1871. Type Locauity: Melville Island. RanGE: British America to New Mexico and Vermont. New Mexico: Las Vegas Range; Winsors Ranch; Truchas Peak; Baldy; Albu- querque. Meadows, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones. 5. Festuca arizonica Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 277, 1893. ARIZONA FESCUE. Type Locauity: Near Flagstaff, Arizona. RaNnGE: Utah and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Raton Mountains; Chama; Grants Station; Winsors Ranch; Trout Spring; Johnsons Mesa; Rio Pueblo; San Lorenzo; West Fork of the Gila; White Mountains, Open slopes, in the Canadian Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 103 6. Festuca sororia Piper, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 197. 1913. Type Locatity: Rincon Mountains, Arizona. RANGE: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7714); Hillsboro Peak ( Metcalfe 1236). 7. Festuca elatior L. Sp. Pl. 75. 1753. MEADOW FESCUE, Festuca pratensis Huds. Fl. Angl. 37. 1762. Type Loca.iry: ‘‘Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.’’ Rance: Native of Europe, widely introduced into the United States, sometimes cultivated for hay. New Mexico: Harveys Upper Ranch; Winsors Ranch; Mesilla Valley. 68. PANICULARIA Fabr. MANNA GRASS. Tall aquatic perennials with flat leaves and usually diffuse terminal panicles; spikelets few to many-flowered, terete or slightly flattened, in narrow or spreading panicles; rachilla jointed between the florets, usually smooth; glumes unequal, shorter than the lemmas, obtuse or acute, 1 to 3-nerved; lemmas smooth or scabrous, rounded on the back, herbaceous except at the scarious and usually blunt apex, 5 to 9-nerved, the nerves usually prominent; palea a little shorter than the lemma, 2-nerved; stamens 2 or 3; styles short, distinct; grain oblong, smooth, free, or when dry slightly adherent to the palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets linear, 12 mm. long or more................----+----------- L. P. borealis. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 mm. long or less, Spikelets 3 mm. long or less; branches of the panicle drooping.... 2. P. nervata. Spikelets 4 to 6 mm, long; branches of the panicle ascending or spreading......-.-.....2- 222-2 e eee eee eee ee eee eee 3. P. grandis, “ 1. Panicularia borealis Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 348. 1897. Glyceria borealis Piper, Fl. Palouse 27, 1901. Type Locauiry: Van Buren, Maine. Ranaz: Alaska and Maine to California, New Mexico, and New York. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7540), In swamps, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Poa nervata Willd. Sp. Pl. 1 : 389. 1797. Glyceria nervata Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 365. 1830. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: British America to California, Mexico, and Florida. New Mexico: Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Winsors Ranch; Rio Pueblo; Santa Fe Canyon; Mogollon Creek; Wheelers Ranch. In wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 8. Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 265. 1913. Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl. North. & Mid. U. 8. 1: 108. 1824. Glyceria grandis 8. Wats. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890. Panicularia americana MacM., Met. Minn. Val. 81. 1892. Type LocaLity: Northeastern United States. Rance: British America to Nevada, New Mexico, and Tennessee. New Mexico: Pecos; Taos; Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Middle Fork of the Gila. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 69. PUCCINELLIA Parl. Mrapow arass. Cespitose perennial with flat leaves and narrow terminal panicles; spikelets as in Panicularia but with usually smaller lemmas, the nerves less distinct or obscure. 1. Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 668. 1890. Poa airoides Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 68. 1818. Panicularia distans airoides Scribn. Mem, Torrey Club 5: 54. 1894. Type tocauity: “‘In depressed situations around the Mandan village, on the Missouri.”’ Ranar: British America to Nevada and New Mexico. New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Arroyo Pecos near Las Vegas. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 70. AGROPYRON Gaertn. WHEAT GRASS. Tall perennials with erect simple culms and often bearded terminal spikes; spike- lets 3 to many-flowered, closely sessile and single at each notch of the axis; rachilla articulated above the glumes under each lemma; glumes 2, narrower and usually shorter than the lemmas, acute or awned; lemmas rounded on the back or slightly keeled above, 5 to 7-nerved, acute or awned from the apex, rarely obtuse; palea 2- keeled, bristly-ciliate on the keels; grain pubescent at the apex, usually adherent to the palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Rachis of the spike breaking up at maturity, the joints falling with the spikelets................0.0020000 eee cece eee 1. A. seribneri. Rachis of the spike continuous, not breaking up at maturity. Awns of the lemmas conspicuous, Awns erect. Awns short, not exceeding the body of the lemma; spikes usually tinged with purple.......... 2. A. violaceum. Awns long, usually exceeding the body of the lemma; spikes not purplish tinged. Stems stout; spikes 7 to 10 mm. wide, usually unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) 12 to 15 mm. long... ......22222....... 3. A. richardsoni. Stems slender; spikes about 5 mm. wide, seldom unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) about 10 mm. long. .... 222.222.202.222. 4. A. caninum. Awns divergent. Spikelets subterete, more or less crowded.......... 5. A. bakeri. Spikelets flattened, distant. Leaves scabrous above. ..........2.2.-....2-. 6. A. arizonicum. Leaves glabrous. .............0222.-0.0222.-. 7. A, spicatum. Awns of the lemmas not conspicuous. Plants bright green, not glaucous. Plants cespitose; spikelets small, few-flowered. .... 8. A. tenerum. Plants stoloniferous; spikelets large, many-flowered. 9. A. pseudorepens. Plants conspicuously glaucous. Sheaths pubescent... ...........0.cc0ee cece eaeee 10. A. palmert. Sheaths glabrous. Lemmas scabrous or glabrous. ................ 11. A. smithii. Lemmas pubescent.................-- Leeeeeee 12. A. molle, <<“ WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 105 1. Agropyron scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 128. 1893. Elymus scribnert Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 20. 1912. TYPE LocaLity: Montana. Rance: Montana to northern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Top of Las Vegas Range (Cockerell). Meadows in the mountains, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 2. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange, Consp. Fl. Groenland. 3: 155. 1880. Triticum violaceum Hornem. Fl. Dan. pl. 2044. 1832. Tyre Locatity: Southern Greenland. Rance: British America to Pennsylvania and New Mexico. New Mexico: Rio Pueblo; Sandia Mountains; White Mountain Peak. 3. Agropyron richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad.; Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 29. 1897. Triticum richardsoni Trin. Linnaea 12: 467. 1838. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ America borealis arctica?.”’ RanGeE: British Columbia and New England to California and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Beattys Cabin (Standley 4856). Meadows, in the Canadian Zone. 4. Agropyron caninum (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 756. 1817. Triticum caninum L. Sp. Pl. 86. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae sepibus.”’ RanGE: Idaho and Nova Scotia to New Mexico and North Carolina; also in Europe. New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4831). Meadows, in the Hudsonian Zone. 5. Agropyron bakeri E. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 38: 378. 1904. Type LocaLity: Near Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado. Rance: Mountains of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Baldy; Sandia Mountains; White Mountain Peak. Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones. 6. Agropyron arizonicum. Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 27. 1897. Tyrer LocALity: Rincon Mountains, Arizona. Rance: Mountains of Arizona and New Mexico to northern Mexico. New Mexico: Laguna; Jemez Mountains; Bear Mountain; Mogollon Mountains; Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Alamogordo. Transition Zone. 7. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897. Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 83. 1814. Agropyron divergens Nees in Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 347. 1854. Tyrer Locality: ‘‘Camp Chopunnish,’’ opposite Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Socorro. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 8. Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 258. 1885. SLENDER WHEAT GRASS. Tyre LocaLiTy: Fort Garland, Colorado. RanGE: British America to New Mexico and New Hampshire. New Mexico: Dulce; Raton; Las Vegas; Torrance; Johnsons Mesa; Glorieta; Chama; Cubero; Albuquerque; North Percha Creek; Mangas Springs; White Mountains. Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. This is a rather valuable range grass in the mountains and is often cut for hay. 9. Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34, 1897. Agropyron tenerum pseudorepens Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 19. 1912. 106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. TYPE LOCALITY: Texas. Ranee: British Columbia and Montana to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Pecos; San- dia Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton Mountains; Albuquerque; Fort Bayard; Socorro; Mogollon Creek; Roy; White and Sacramento mountains. Moist hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 10. Agropyron palmeri (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb.; Woot. & Standl. N. Mex. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 81: 153. 1912. Agropyron spicatum palmeri Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897. Agropyron smithit palmert Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 18. 1912. TYPE LOcALITY: Arizona. Ranae: Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Wheelers Ranch; Coolidge; Santa Fe; Agua Azul. 11. Agropyron smithii Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 64. 1900. COLORADO BLUESTEM. Agropyron glaucum occidentale Scribn. Trans. Kans. Acad. 9: 119. 1885. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 9. 1900. TyPE LOCALITY: Kansas. Rance: Washington and Wisconsin to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Chama; Shiprock; Dulce; Carrizo Mountains; Sierra Grande; Tunit- cha Mountains; Pecos; Cowles; Taos; Johnsons Mesa; Raton; Coolidge; Puertecito; Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Reserve; Socorro; Nogal; White Mountains. Plains and meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. Colorado bluestem is a valuable range grass, occurring in great abundance on the foothills and the higher plains. 12. Agropyron molle (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 65. 1900. Agropyron spicatum molle Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897. Agropyron smithti molle Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 18. 1912. Type Locauity: ‘‘Saskatchewan to Colorado and New Mexico, and westward to Idaho and Washington.” Ranae: Washington and Saskatchewan to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Raton; Chama; Farmington. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 71. LOLIUM L. Rye arass. Annuals or perennials with simple erect culms, flat leaves, and simple terminal spikes; spikelets several-flowered, solitary, sessile in alternate notches of the con- tinuous rachis, one edge of each spikelet placed against the rachis; rachilla jointed between the florets; glumes | (2 in the terminal spikelet), shorter than or exceeding the florets; lemmas rounded on the back, 5 to 7-nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned; palea 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles very short, distinct; grain smooth, adherent to the palea. 1. Lolium perenne L. Sp. Pl. 83. 1753. Type Locauty: ‘‘Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili.’’ RanGE: Native of Europe, introduced in many parts of North America. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Agricultural College. 72. HORDEUM L. Annuals or perennials with terminal cylindrical spikes of awned spikelets; spike- lets 1-flowered, 2 or 3 together at each joint of the rachis, sessile or on very short pedicels; rachilla articulated above the glumes and continued behind the palea of WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 107 the central spikelet into a naked bristle; glumes 2, narrowly lanceolate, subulate, or setaceous, rigid, persistent; lemmas lanceolate, rounded on the back, obscurely 5-nerved above, usually awned; palea shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles very short, distinct; grain sulcate, adherent to the palea. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants glaucous throughout..............----------- 222 e eee ee eee 1. H. murinum. Plants not glaucous. Glumes 8 to 6 cm. long............-..----------+---------- 2. H. jubatum. Glumes 1 to 2 cm. long. Awns spreading; spikes yellowish.................-..-- 3. H. caespitosum. Awns erect; spikes reddish or brownish green........... 4. H. nodosum. 1. Hordeum murinum L. Sp. Pl. 85. 1753. WALL BARLEY. Type Locauiry: ‘‘Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis.”’ Ranae: Native of Europe, widely naturalized in the United States. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley. 2. Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. Pl. 85. 1753. SQUIRREL-TAIL GRASS. Type Locatity: ‘‘Habitat in Canada.”’ Rance: Alaska and British America to California, New Mexico, and Missouri. New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Raton; Sierra Grande; Magdalena Mountains; Pecos; Torrance; Rio Pueblo; Mora; Pescado Spring; Santa Fe; Kingston; White Mountains. Plains and meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. Often a troublesome weed in cultivated ground. 8. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn. in Pammel, Proc. Davenport Acaa. 7: 245. 1899, Type LOCALITY: Edgemont, South Dakota. Rance: Wyoming and South Dakota to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Farmington (Standley 6904). Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 126. 1762. MEADOW BARLEY. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Italia, Anglia.” Rance: Temperate North America, Asia, and Europe. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Ramah; Grants Station; El Rito Creek; Rio Pueblo. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 73. SITANION Raf. Cespitose perennials with mostly flat leaves ‘and terminal bearded spikes; spike- lets usually 2, sometimes 3 or 1, at each joint of the rachis, 2 to several-flowered; glumes many-parted from near the base or merely bifid, or subulate and entire, awned; lemmas terminating in a single long awn, or trifid and 3-awned; palea as long as the lemma, entire, bidentate, or 2-awned. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Glumes bifid from about the middle, the lobes abruptly divergent. Sheaths long-villous............------------- 22 eee eee eee eee 1. S. molle. Sheaths not villous. Glumes 3 to 4.cm. long..........----.-.---.----++++--+--- 2. S. caespitosum, Glumes 2 to 3 cm. long..........--.----------2++++-++--- 3. S. rigidum. Glumes entire, subulate-setaceous. Culm leaves long and flexuous........---.---------2+--++-+-- 4. S.longifolium. Culm leaves short, rigid, spreading. Lemmas 10 mm. long, glaucous......-..-....--------++-: 5. S. brevifolium. Lemmas 7 mm. long, soft-pubescent.............-.----+-- 6. S. pubsflorum. 108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Sitanion molle J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 17. 1899. Tyre Locauity: East side Buffalo Pass, Larimer County, Colorado. RanGE: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Craters; north of Ramah; Box 8 Spring; Chama. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 2. Sitanion caespitosum J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 16. 1899. Type Locarity: Near Cliff, New Mexico. Type collected by J. G. Smith in 1897. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Cliff; Mangas Canyon. 8. Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 13, 1899. TYPE LocALITY: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Rance: Washington and California to Wyoming and New Mexico. New Mexico: Summit of Organ Peak (Standley). 4. Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 18, 1899. Type Locauity: Near Silverton, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming and Kansas to Texas and Nevada. New Mexico: Abundant from the Mogollon Mountains and Organ Mountains north- ward to Las Vegas and westward across the State. Plains and rocky hills, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 5. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 17. 1899. Elymus brevifolius Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 20. 1912. TYPE LOCALITY: Tucson, Arizona. RANGE: Washington to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Rio Pueblo; Sandia Mountains; Tierra Amarilla; Santa Fe Canyon; Duran; Chama; Grants; Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Middle Fork of the Gila ; Organ Mountains; Gilmores Ranch. Plains and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Tran- sition zones. 6. Sitanion pubiflorum J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 19. 1899. TYPE LocaLiry: Tucson, Arizona. Ran@eE: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Sierra Grande; Raton; Las Vegas Hot Springs; Santa Fe; San Augustine Plains; Animas Creek; Reserve; Roswell. Upper Sonoran Zone. 74. ELYMUS L. Wrap rve. Tall erect perennials with flat leaves and closely flowered terminal spikes; spikelets 2 to 6-flowered, the uppermost imperfect, sessile, mostly in pairs, at the alternate notches of the continuous or jointed rachis, forming terminal spikes; rachilla jointed above the glumes and between the florets; glumes 2, nearly equal, rigid, narrow, 1 or 3-nerved, acute or awn-pointed, persistent; lemmas shorter than the glumes, rounded on the back, obscurely 5-nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned from the apex; palea a little shorter than the lemma, 2-keeled; stamens 3; styles short; grain adherent to the lemmas and paleas. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Lemmas not awned or with very short awns. Glumes aristiform or narrowly subulate; spikelets usually 2 at each joint............. 0000.0 e eee eee eee eee ee 1. E. triticoides. Glumes lanceolate-subulate; spikelets usually single........ 2. E. simplex. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 109 Lemmas long-awned. Spikes narrow; spikelets erect. Leaves 7 to 15 mm. wide, spreading; glumes lanceolate, acuminate to short-awned.. veeeeeee ....-. 3. FE. glaucus. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide, mostly erect; "glumes narrowly linear-lanceolate, long-awned.......... 4. E. macounit. Spikes broad; spikelets spreading. Lemmas glabrous.......--.---------eee cece eee eee eee 7. E. brachystachys. Lemmas pubescent. Lemmas hirsute or villous................---------- 5. E. canadensis. Lemmas strigose-hispidulous or scabrous wee e eee eee 6. E. robustus. 1. Elymus triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1863. Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Rocky Mountains.”’ RaNnGE: Washington and California to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: White Mountain Peak; Mesilla Valley. Lower Sonoran to the Tran- sition Zone. Y 2. Elymus simplex Scribn. & Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57. 1898. Type Locatiry: On banks of Green River, Wyoming. RanGeE: Oregon and Wyoming to northern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7466). Dry plains and hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 8. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1863. Elymus americanus Vasey & Scribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl, 2: 245, 1888. Elymus sibiricus americanus Wats. & Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 673. 1890. TyprE Locauity: ‘Columbia River.” RaNnGE: Alaska and California to Texas and the Great Lakes. New Mexico: Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Winsors Ranch; Johnsons Mesa. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. Y 4. Elymus macounii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 119. 1886. Type LocaAuity: ‘‘Great Plains of British America.”’ Rance: Manitoba and Saskatchewan to Nebraska and New Mexico. New Mexico: Albuquerque (Tracy). Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 83. 1753. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in Canada.”’ Rance: British America to New Mexico and Texas. New Mexico: Farmington; Raton Mountains; Pecos; Santa F'e; Las Vegas; Pescado Spring; Kingston; Sabinal; Mesilla Valley; White Mountains. Damp ground, Lower Sonoran to Transition Zone. 6. Elymus robustus Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 37, 1897. Tyre Loca.ity: Illinois. RanGeE: Montana and Illinois to New Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs. Y 7. Elymus brachystachys Scribn. & Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 47. f. 21. 1901. , Type Locauiry: Oklahoma. RanGeE: South Dakota and Michigan to Mexico. New Mexico: Black Range. Moist ground. 110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 14. CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family. Grasslike or rushlike herbs; stems usually solid; roots fibrous; leaves narrow, with closed sheaths, the whole leaf sometimes reduced to a sheath; flowers perfect or unisexual, arranged in spikelets, one in the axil of each scale, the spikelets solitary or _ clustered, 1 to many-flowered; perianth of bristles or wanting; stamens 1 to 3; styles 2 or 3; fruit a lenticular or trigonous achene. KEY TO THE GENERA. Flowers all unisexual, usually in separate spikes. Achenes inclosed in a perigynium; glumes 1-flowered. 8. Carex (p. 116). Achenes not inclosed in a perigynium; glumes 2-flowered.... 2... eee eee cc eee eee cece eee 9. Kopresta (p. 124). Flowers all, or at least part of them, perfect; spikelets similar. Scales of the spikelets 2-ranked; spikelets more or less flattened .......22 222.222. 2eeeeeeeee ee eee eens 1. Cyperus (p. 110). Scales of the spikelets imbricated spirally in several ranks; spikelets not flattened. Perianth bristles much elongated, woolly......... 7. ER1opHoRuUM (p. 116). Perianth bristles short or wanting. Spikelets 1 to 4-flowered; plants large, about 1 meter high, leafy................... 2. CLapium (p. 112). Spikelets several to many-flowered; plants mostly low. Base of the style persistent, enlarged. Leaves reduced to sheaths; spikelets solitary.......--........2220-- 3. ELEocHarIs (p. 112). Leaves not reduced; spikelets several, mostly paniculate............ 4. STENOPHYLLUS (p. 114). Base of the style deciduous, enlarged or narrow. Perianth consisting of bristles........ 5. ScrrPus (p. 114). Perianth of a single hyaline scale.... 6. HEmIcaRPHA (p. 116). 1. CYPERUS L. Tufted or simple-stemmed annuals or perennials, 50 cm. high or less, with basal leaves and triangular stems, the flowers in headlike clusters or unequally branched umbels subtended by leaflike bracts; spikelets flattened or cylindric; glumes decid- uous, or if persistent the spikelets falling entire, 2-ranked; flowers perfect; perianth none; stamens | to 3; achene without a tubercle. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Annual; plants small, 5 to 15 cm. high; tips of the bracts subulate, conspicuously reflexed; inflorescence capitate............. 1. C. inflerus. Perennials (rarely annual); plants taller, more than 15 cm. high; tips of the bracts mostly erect, rarely spreading; inflores- cence various. Spikelets ovate to ovate-oblong (4 to 5 mm. long, crowded at the ends of the rather long, subequal rays of the umbel). 2. G. cyrtolepis. Spikelets linear to narrowly oblong. Spikelets narrowly oblong; scales of the flowers not over- lapping, especially in fruit (very strongly nerved). Inflorescence crowded, subcapitate.................. 3. C.fendlerianus. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 111 Inflorescence a compound umbel with unequal rays. Glumes as broad as long, 2 mm. long or less, mu- cronulate, usually green...............-- 4. C. rusbyt. Glumes twice as long as broad, 3 mm. long, acuminate into a spreading awn, yellowish Spikelets linear; scales of the flowers overlapping from one-half to two-thirds their length. Spikelets deciduous as a whole when mature. Spikelets with few, usually 2 or 3, flowers...... 6. C. uniflorus. Spikelets with 6 to 9 flowers........-...--...+-- 7. C. speciosus. Scales of the spikelets falling from the rachilla. Rachilla narrowly winged, the wings adnate; plants stout, stoloniferous; spikelets loose- ly clustered.....-....2.2....222222-2--2-- 8. C. esculentus. Wings of the rachilla not adnate, forming scales anterior to the flower; plants and spikelets various. Spikelets densely crowded; flowers numerous, about 20 to the spikelet; scales of the flower not bordered with red; plants 1 0) 0 9. C. erythrorhizos. Spikelets fewer, loosely clustered; flowers 12 to the spikelet or less; scales red- margined; plants slender.........-..--10. C. sphacelatus. 1. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Descr. Gram. 16. 1817. Type LocaALity: Pennsylvania. RanGE: British America south to Mexico. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Shiprock; West Fork of the Gila; Santa Rita; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains. Moist ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Cyperus cyrtolepis Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 436. 1836. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Texas.”’ Rance: Oklahoma to Texas and Arizona. New Mexico: A single specimen, without locality, seen. cy 3. Cyperus fendlerianus Boeckel. Linnaea 35: 520. 1868. Type Locatity: Near Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 865). RanGE: Arizona and western Texas to Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Wagon Mound; Magdalena; Mangas Springs; Black Range; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 4. Cyperus rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 29. 1884. Tyre Locauity: Near Silver City, New Mexico. Type collected by Rusby in 1880. Rane@eE: Mountains of New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila; Silver City; Animas Valley; San Luis Moun- tains; Organ Mountains; Arroyo Ranch; Gray; Elida; Queen. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 5. Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 276. 1836. Tyre LocaLity: Dry sand on the shore of Lake Ontario, near Greece, Monroe County, New York. 112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Rance: British America to New Mexico and Kansas. New Mexico: Clayton; Elida; Arroyo Ranch; Nara Visa. Sandy soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 6. Cyperus uniflorus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 431. 1836. TYPE LocaLity: Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico, New Mexico: Organ Mountains; sands south of Melrose. Dry soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 7. Cyperus speciosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 364. 1806. Cyperus michaucianus Schult. Mant. 2: 123. 1824. Tyre LocaLiry: ‘‘ Habitat in Virginia,’’ Rance: Throughout most of the United States. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Roswell. Wet ground. 7a. Cyperus speciosus squarrosus Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 18: 214. 1886. Type Loca.iry: ‘‘New Mexico.” This differs from the species in having the scales spreading to recurved, and red- dish. Reported from New Mexico by Dr. N. L. Britton. Based on Fendler’s 870, which probably came from near Santa Fe. 8. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. Pl. 45. 1753. NUT GRAss. Cyperus phymatodes Muhl. Descr. Gram. 23. 1817. Type Loca.iry: ‘‘Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente.” RanGE: British America and southward throughout the United States and tropical America; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Hillsboro; San Luis Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Belen; White Mountains; Gray; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 9. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Descr. Gram. 20. 1817. Type LocaLiry: Pennsylvania. Ranee: Throughout most of the United States. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley. Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 10. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. Descr. Pl. 26. 1786. TYPE LOCALITY: Surinam. RanGE: In the southern and southwestern United States and in tropical America. New Mexico: Organ Mountains (Wooton 620). Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. CLADIUM R. Br. Saw arass. Coarse leafy perennial with cylindric stems about a meter high; spikelets small, in large, much branched, terminal panicles; glumes overlapping, the lower empty, the middle with unisexual flowers, the uppermost with perfect flowers; perianth none; stamens 2 or 3; styles not persistent; achenes ovoid to globose, smooth or longitudinally ridged. 1. Cladium jamaicense Crantz, Inst. Herb. 1: 362. 1766. Cladium effusum Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 374. 1836. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. RanGE: Virginia and Florida to Texas and New Mexico; also in the West Indies. New Mexico: Roswell. In shallow water. 3. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Spike rusu. Annual or perennial scapose herbs, 15 to 30 cm. high or more, the leaves reduced to basal sheaths, the solitary terminal spikes without subtending bracts; stems cylindric, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 118 flattened, or angular, erect; spikelets small; perianth of 1 to 12 bristles; stamens 2 or 3; base of style swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the lenticular or 3-angled achene. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Style branches 2, Annuals; bristles shorter than the achenes; spikes oblong- cylindric; tubercle broad and low...........-........ 1. E. engelmanni. Perennial by rootstocks; bristles longer than achenes; spikes and tubercles various. Plants stout; tubercles conic-triangular................ 2. E. palustris. Plants slender; tubercles almost cylindrical. ........... 3. E. glaucescens. Styles branches 3. Plants very small, 3 to 10 cm. high; fruit obovoid-oblong, with numerous longitudinal ridges and finer transverse ones. 6. E. acicularis. Plants larger, 20 cm, high or more; fruit various. Tubercles constricted at the base, clearly distinct from the achene; plants slender, with slender root- stocks... 2... 222... e ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 4. E. montana. Tubercles apparently confluent with the achene, cylin- dric; plants stouter, not stoloniferous............. 5. E. rostellata. 1. Eleocharis engelmanni Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 79. 1855. Tyre LocaLity: St. Louis, Missouri. RanGE: New England to California. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila ( Metcalfe 589). In wet soil. 2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 151. 1817. Scirpus palustris L. Sp. Pl. 47. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. Rance: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part. . New Mexico: Chama; Farmington; Jewett; Mule Creek; Mesilla Valley. In wet soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 8. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schult. Mant. 2: 89. 1824. Scirpus glaucescens Willd. Enum. Pl. 76. 1809. Eleocharis palustris glaucescens A. Gray, Man. 558. 1848, Tyre LocaLiry: ‘‘ Habitat in America boreali.”’ RanaeE: Throughout North America except in the extreme north. New Mexico: Santa Fe Creek; Pecos; Las Vegas. Wet soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Eleocharis montana (H. B. K.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 153. 1817. Scirpus montanus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 226. 1816. TyPeE LocaLity: ‘‘In monte Quindiu,’’ Colombia. Rane@eE: Colorado to California, southward to South America. New Mexico: Zuni Reservation; Las Vegas; Bear Canyon; Rio Pueblo; Wheelers Ranch; Berendo Creek; Rincon; Apache Teju; Mesilla Valley; Silver Spring Canyon; Mangas Springs. Wet soil, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran and the Transition zones. 5. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843. Scirpus rostellatus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 318. 1836. TYPE LocALITy: Penn Yan, New York. RaNnGE: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part. New Mexico: Grant County; plains north of the White Sands. In wet soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 52576°—15——_8 114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 154. 1817. Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. Pl. 48. 1753. TyPE Locality: European. Rance: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Cloverdale. Wet soil. Eleocharis capitata R, Br. and FE, atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth may come into New Mexico, as they occur very close to our borders. 4. STENOPHYLLUS Raf. Small grasslike annuals, 15 cm. high or mostly less, with basal leaves and umbel- late or capitate flower clusters of small spikelets subtended by 1 to several bracts; flowers perfect; glumes overlapping; perianth none; stamens 2 or 3; style swollen at the base and persistent; achenes 3-angled or lenticular. KEY TO THE SPECIES. e Achenes longitudinally ribbed and transversely roughened; plants 10 to 15 cm. high; spikelets solitary or umbellate on the same plant..............0. 22.222 eee eee eee ee eee e eee eee eee eee eee 1. S. capillaris. Achenes rugose; plants 8 cm. high or less; spikelets solitary at the summit of the culm and also at the bases of the leaves........ 2. S. funckit. 1. Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30. 1894. Scirpus capillaris L. Sp. Pl. 49. 1753. Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530. 1848. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Virginia, Aethiopia, Zeylona.”’ Rance: Throughout North America except in the extreme northern part; also in the Old World. | New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Santa Rita; San Luis Mountains; Organ Moun- tains. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Stenophyllus funckii (Steud.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 30. 1894. Isolepis funckvi Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 91. 1855. Scirpus heterocarpus 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 171. 1883. TYPE LOCALITY: Venezuela, . Rance: Arizona and New Mexico, southward through tropical America to Bolivia. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila ( Metcalfe 661). Wet ground. 5. SCIRPUS L. Buutrusu. Annuals or perennials, sometimes small and grasslike, sometimes tall (1 meter or more), with reduced basal leaves or sheaths; spikelets cylindric or somewhat flat- tened, spirally imbricated, in terminal clusters, single, capitate, or umbellate, sub- tended by 1 to several bracts; flowers perfect; perianth of 1 to 6 bristles (rarely none); stamens 2 or 3; style not swollen at the base; achenes triangular or lenticular. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Involucral bracts 1 or 2 or none, ; Spikelets solitary, terminal; involucral bracts none............ 1. S. pauciflorus. Spikelets several, seemingly lateral; involucral bracts 1 or 2. Culms terete; involucral bracts 2......................0.- 5. S. occidentalis. Culms triangular; involucral bract 1, seeming to be a pro- longation of the culm. Involucral bract short, 3 cm. long or less, barely ex- ceeding the spikelets, these generally 4 to 6, crowded; leaves about one-fifth the length of the culm......2.2.. 2.22... cee eee eee eee eens. 2. 8S. olmeyi. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, | 115 Involucral bract 4 to 10 cm. long, much exceeding the spikelets, these few, frequently only 1; leaves half as long as the culm or more........ pe eeeee 3. S. americanus. Involucral bracts of several flat leaves much exceeding the com- pound umbellate inflorescence. Culms triangular; spikelets large, 10 to 30 mm. long, light yel- lowish brown; inflorescence a simple umbel or in young plants capitate . 2.2.0.2... 22. eee eee eee 4. S. brittonianus. Culms terete; spikelets small, 2 to 7 mm. long, greenish; inflo- rescence a once or twice compound umbellate cluster with numerous unequal rays. Style branches 2; achenes rounded on the back; inflores- cence twice compound; spikelets not capitate...... 6. S.microcarpus. Style branches 3; achenes angled on the back; inflores- cence generally once compound; spikelets densely capitate at the ends of the rays..............-..--. 7. S. atrovirens. 1. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078. 1777. Eleocharis pauciflorus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827. Type Locaity: Highlands of Scotland. Rance: British America to New York, New Mexico, and California; also in Europe. New Mexico: A single specimen without locality seen. It is probable that the plant is not uncommon in the mountains of New Mexico but has been overlooked by collectors. 2. Scirpus olneyi A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 238. 1845. TyPE LocaLity: In a salt marsh on the Seekonk River, Rhode Island. Rane@eE: Across the United States. New Mexico: Salt Lake; Santa Rita; Dog Spring; Round Mountain. Wet alkaline soil, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 68. 1805. Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. Pl. 2: 255. 1808. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Hab. in Carolina inferiore.”’ Rance: Throughout North America; also in South America. New Mexico: Farmington; Carrizo Mountains; Taos; San Juan; Wheelers Ranch; Berendo Creek; Rincon; Mesilla Valley. In swamps, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran , zones. 4. Scirpus brittonianus Piper, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 11: 157. 1906. Scirpus campestris Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 267, 1896, not Roth, 1800. Scirpus robustus campestris Fernald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘On wet prairies and plains, Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and Mexico, west to Nevada.”’ RaNnGE: As under type locality. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; Salt Lake; Mesilla Valley; near Carrizozo; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 5. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase, Rhodora 6: 68. 1904. Scirpus lacustris occidentalis 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 218. 1880. TYPE LocaALity: San Diego County, California. RanGeE: British Columbia and California to New England. New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Gallo Spring; Mangas Springs; Berendo Creek; Mesilla Valley; Roswell; Carrizozo. Wet ground, in the Lower aud Upper Sonoran zones. 116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828. Scirpus lenticularis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 328. 1836. Scirpus sylvaticus digynus Boeckel. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870. TypE LocaLiry: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island. Range: British America and New England to California, Utah, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; West Fork of the Gila; Mimbres River. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 7. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. Descr. Gram. 43. 1817. TYPE LOCALITY: Pennsylvania. RanGeE: Northeastern Atlantic States west to Alberta, south in the Rocky Moun- tains to New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos (Standley 5104). Upper Sonoran Zone. 6. HEMICARPHA Nees. Low tufted grasslike annual, 10 cm. high or less, with erect or spreading, slender leaves and small, terminal, headlike or solitary spikelets with 1 to 3 leaflike bracts surrounding and much exceeding them; glumes spirally imbricated, deciduous; perianth wanting; stamen 1; achene obovoid-oblong, little compressed, brown. 1. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 34. 1894. Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 254. 1806. Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 61. 1842. Tyre Locatiry: Given doubtfully as South America. Rance: Nearly throughout North America and in South America, New Mexico: Albuquerque (Bigelow). Wet ground. 7. ERIOPHORUM L. Corron arass. Perennial from a rootstock, the culms erect; spikelets in a terminal umbel sub- tended by an involucre of one or more leaves; flowers perfect; perianth of numerous white bristles, these soft and cotton-like, much exserted; style 3-cleft; achenes obovoid, 3-angled, light brown. 1. Eriophorum angustifolium Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 24. 1788. TYPE LOCALITY: Germany. Rance: Alaska and Newfoundland to Maine, Illinois, and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Bogs. . 8. CAREX L. SeEepce. Perennial grasslike plants with 3-ranked leaves and mostly 3-angled culms; flowers unisexual, moncecious or dicecious; perianth wanting; stamens 3; pistillate flowers a single pistil with 2 or 3 stigmas, in a saclike perigynium, this completely inclosing the achene; achenes 3-angled or lenticular. A very large genus of which the following listed species probably represent only a part of those indigenous to New Mexico. Collectors rarely take the trouble to examine the plants unless their attention is particularly called to them. There are no doubt several species common in the high mountains of the northern part of the State which have not been collected. The writers are under special obligations to Mr. K. K. Mackenzie for assistance in the preparation of an account of this genus. Mr. Mackenzie identified most of our material and prepared the key to the species. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 117 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Achenes lenticular; stigmas 2; terminal spike partly pistillate or if staminate the lateral spikes short or heads dicecious. (VIGNEA.) Spikes mostly staminate at the base. Perigynia not wing-margined. (STELLULATAE.) Perigynia with very short beaks, widely spreading at maturity........22---2 2-2 eee ee eee eee eee 13. C. interior. Perigynia with long beaks, appressed............-.-- 14. C. bolandert. Perigynia wing-margined. (OVALES.) Beak of the perigynium flattened and margined to the tip. Scales strongly tinged with reddish brown........21. C. wootont. Scales little if at all tinged with reddish brown. Perigynia thin, lanceolate (at least two and one-half times as long as wide).......- 19. C. scoparia. | Perigynia thick, ovate........-....-.-.-..-- 20. C. festucacea. Beak of the perigynium slender, nearly terete and scarcely margined at the apex. Several of the bracts conspicuously exceeding the head......--. 22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 18. C. tenuirostris. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynia 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; culms smooth beneath the head...........--..-.----- 15. C. subfusca. Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long; culms rough be- neath the head. Perigynia about 4.5 mm. long, ovate.....16. C. festiva. Perigynia 4.5 to 6 mm. long, lanceolate. .17. C. ebenea. Spikes staminate at apex or some spikes wholly staminate. Perigynia little compressed, whitish-puncticulate. (TENELLAE.).....--- +2202 eee ence eee eee eee eee 12. C. disperma. Perigynia strongly compressed, not whitish-puncticulate. Culms one to few together, the rootstocks long and creeping. Perigynia wing-margined, the beak bidentate. (ARENARIAE,)....2..020-.000 2020s eee eee eee 5. C. siccata. Perigynia not wing-margined, the beak obliquely cut, or bidentate in age. (DIVISAE.) Culms smooth above; rootstocks slender. ...-. 1. C. douglasit. Culms rough beneath the head; rootstocks stout. Perigynia chestnut, scarcely sharp-edged, the beak about one-fifth the length of the body at maturity.......... 4. C. simulata. Perigynia brownish or blackish, sharp- edged, tapering into a beak about half the length of the body. Spikes with one to several perigynia, the heads appearing a mass of straw-colored scales; staminate flowers conspicuous; perigyn- ium body at maturity about 2mm. wide.................-. 2. C. latebrosa. 118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Spikes with about 10 perigynia, con- cealed by inconspicuous scales, these tinged with green or brown; staminate flowers in- conspicuous; perigynium body at maturity less than 1.5 mm. long........-..eeee cece eee eee 3. C. camporum. Culms cespitose, the rootstocks at most short-creeping. Spikes numerous, in a more or less compound head. (MULTIFLORAE.).............0.2205. 11. C. agrostoides. Spikes less than 10, in a simple head. Perigynia strongly nerved, the beak exceed- ing the body. (STENORHYNCHAE.)...10. C. stipata. -Perigynia weakly nerved, the beak not ex- ceeding the body. (MUHLENBER- GIANAE.) Scales conspicuously tinged with reddish brown.......2-.2..2- 02 eee eee eee eee 6. C. occidentalis, Scales at most faintly tinged with reddish brown. Perigynia obliquely cut or shallowly bidentate, weakly serrulate........ 9. C. rusbyt. Perigynia deeply bidentate, strongly serrulate. Spikes with few perigynia; sheaths tight, inconspicuously septate- nodulose..........--e+e-eeeeeee 7. C. neomexicana. Spikes with several to many perigy- nia; sheaths soon loose, easily breaking, conspicuously septate- _nodulose............20--2-2-0-- 8. C. gravida. Achenes triangular or lenticular; if lenticular the lower lateral spikes elongated and terminal spikes staminate. (EuCcAREX.) Spike solitary. Perigynia coriaceous, glabrous; rootstocks long-creeping. (NITIDAE.)..... 000 e cece cece ee cece eee ween eeeeeee 22. C’. obtusata. Perigynia not coriaceous, puberulent; culms densely cespitose. (FILIFOLIAE.)..........c0eeeee erence eee 23. C. filifolia. Spikes more than one. Perigynia puberulent, triangular or suborbicular in cross section, long-stipitate, 2-ribbed. (MONTANAE.) Basal spikes absent..............-.--------+--- ------24. C. heliophila. Basal spikes numerous. Perigynium body suborbicular; staminate spike 2.5 mm. wide; bract shorter than the culm; blades 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide..............-. 25. C. geophila. Perigynium body oval; staminate spike 1.5 mm. wide; bract normally exceeding the culm; blades 0.75 to 1.5 mm. wide..............-. 26. C. pityophila. Perigynia differing from the above section in one or more particulars. Pistillate spikes drooping on slender penduncles; perigynia strongly beaked, not bidentate. (CAPILLARES.)......... 2-2-2 e eee e cece eee eee 27. C. capillaris. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 119 Pistillate spikes erect or, if drooping, the perigynia differing from above. Achenes normally lenticular and the stigmas 2. Perigynia golden yellow at maturity; spikes few-flowered; plants low, slender. (Br- COLORES.).......2.222-02 20202202 e eee eeeee 28. Perigynia not golden yellow at maturity; spikes many-flowered; plants tall or stout. (RIGIDAE.) Perigynium beak strongly bidentate; peri- gynia ribbed...............-...22---- 33. Perigynium beak, if present, not bidentate; perigynia various. Lowest bract not exceeding the inflores- Lowest bract exceeding the inflores- cence. Perigynia pale green, finely many- merved...... 2 cece eee eee eee eee 30. Perigynia greenish straw-colored, few- nerved or nerveless. Leaf blades flat and canaliculate, the edges serrulate above only; peri- gynia at most obscurely nerved. .31. Leaf blades, at least the lower, pli- cate, the margins revolute, the edges serrulate troughout; F peri- gynia few-nerved...............32. Achenes triangular; stigmas 3. Perigynia beakless or very shortly beaked. Terminal 2 or 3 spikes staminate. (TRa- CHYCHLAENAE.) .....-.-+-0-+--+----- 37. Terminal spikes pistillate above, stami- nate below. (ATRATAE.) Perigynia 2.6 mm. long or less, little compressed, the margins not ap- pearing winglike..................34. Perigynia more than 2.5 mm. long, strongly compressed, the margins winglike. Spikes all closely sessile, contiguous, forming a dense lobed head-..... 35. Lateral spikes peduncled, distant, usually nodding.............-.-- 36. Perigynia strongly beaked, the beak deeply bidentate Perigynia or sheaths pubescent. (Hir- TAE.) Perigynia pubescent, the teeth short; sheaths glabrous..........-.-- 38. Perigynia glabrous, the teeth long; sheaths pubescent......-.-.-. 39. C. aurea. C. nebrasken- sis. . C. scopulorum, C. kelloggii. C. variabilis. C. emoryi. C. ultra. C. halleri. C. nova. C. bella. C. lanuginosa. C. atherodes. 120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Perigynia and sheaths not pubescent. Perigynia closely ribbed; pistillate spikes nodding. (Psrupo- CYPEREAE.) ..........-.-2.00- 40. C. hystricina. Perigynia coarsely ribbed; pistillate spikeserect. (PHYSOCARPAE.).41. C. rostrata. 1. Carex douglasii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 213. 1840. Carex fendleriana Boeckel, Linnaea 89: 135. 1875. TYPE LocaLity: Northwest coast of North America. Rance: Wyoming to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe; Ponchuelo Creek; Nambe Valley. Open meadows, in the Transition Zone. 2. Carex latebrosa Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 84: 603. 1908. Carex gayana hyalina Bailey, Proc. Amer, Acad. 22: 135. 1886. TyPE LocaLity: Sonora, Mexico. Rance: Nevada, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Cienaga Ranch; Berendo Creek. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Carex camporum Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 37: 244. 1910. TYPE LocALITy: ‘‘Columbia River.”’ Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6753). 4. Carex simulata Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 604. 1908. Type LocaLity: Chug Creek, Albany County, Wyoming. RanaeE: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Cienaga Ranch (Wooton). Mr. Mackenzie also refers here Fendler’s 881, collected somewhere about Santa Fe. 5. Carex siccata Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826. TYPE Locality: Westfield, Massachusetts. Rance: British America to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Winsor Creek. Arctic-Alpine Zone. 6. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1:5. 1889. Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 140. 1886. TYPE Locality: Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona. RancGe: Montana to Colorado and New Mexico. . New Mexico: Santa Fe; Winsors Ranch; Magdalena Mountains; Mangas Springs; Manguitas Spring; Eagle Peak; Sierra Grande: Tierra Amarilla.. Damp ground, chiefly in the Transition Zone. 7. Carex neomexicana Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 153. 1907. Type Locauity: Santa Rita del Cobre on the Rio Mimbres, New Mexico. Ranae: New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Santa Rita. 8. Carex gravida Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1:5. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘Northern Illinois * * * to northwestern Iowa.’’ Ran@eE: Ohio and Illinois to South Dakota, Oklahoma, and northeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande (Standley 6069). Upper Sonoran Zone. 9. Carex rusbyi Mackenz. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 657: 2. 1915. TYPE LOCALITY: Yavapai county, Arizona. Ranae: New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Organ Mountains ( Wooton). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 121 10. Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 233. 1805. Tyre Locality: Pennsylvania. Rance: British America, south through the United States. New Mexico: Middle Fork of the Gila ( Wooton). 11. Carex agrostoides Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 607. 1908. Type Locauiry: Luna, northwest of the Mogollon Mountains, Socorro County, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 28, 1900. RanGE: Mountains of western New Mexico and of Arizona. New Mexico: Luna; Guadalupe Canyon; Mangas Springs. Transition Zone. 12. Carex disperma Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 8: 266. 1824. TYPE LocaLity: Massachusetts. Rance: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains. ‘Transition Zone. 13. Carex interior Bailey, Bull. Torrey Club 20: 426. 1893. Type Locality: ‘‘Bogsand swamps in the interior country from Maine to Minnesota and Kansas.”’ Rance: Maine to Minnesota, Florida, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch (Standley 4254). Transition Zone. 14. Carex bolanderi Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 393. 1868. Carex deweyana bolanderi Boott in 8, Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 236. 1880. Tyre Locauity: “California, Yosemite Valley, and Mariposa Bigtree grove.”’ Range: British Columbia to California, east to Idaho and western New Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Creek ( Metcalfe 286). Damp ground. 15. Carex subfusca Boott in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 234. 1880. Carex macloviana subfusca Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 197. 1909. Type Locauity: ‘‘Lake Tahoe (Kellogg), and near Virginia City, Nevada, Bloomer.” RaNnGE: Washington to California, east to western New Mexico. New Mexico: Bear Mountains (Rusby 423). Wet ground. 16. Carex festiva Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 29: 246. pl. w. f. 71. 1836. Typr Locatity: ‘‘At Bear Lake and on the Rocky Mountains.”’ RANGE: British America to Mexico. New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Mogollon Creek; Ruidoso; Truchas Peak; Chama; Tierra Amarilla. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 17. Carex ebenea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 266. 1901. TYPE LocaLity: Pikes Peak, Colorado, Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 18. Carex tenuirostris Olney, Amer. Nat. 8: 214. 1874. TYPE LocALITy: Western Wyoming. Rance: Rocky Mountains, south to northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7626). 19. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 230. 1805. TypPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Habitat in America boreali.’’ Ranae: British America to Washington, New Mexico, and Florida. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 577.) Transition Zone. 20. Carex festucacea brevior (Dewey) Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 37: 477. pl. 3. f. 49-51. 1902. Carex straminea brevior Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. 11: 158. 1826. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘In Missouri.”’ 122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to Arkansas and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Sierra Grande. Transition Zone. 21. Carex wootoni Mackenz, Smiths, Misc. Coll. 657: 1. 1915. TyrE LOCALITY: San Francisco Mountains, New Mexico. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona, New Mexico: Chama; Sawyers Peak; Winter Folly. 22. Carex obtusata Liljebl. Bih. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 14: 69. pl. 4. 1793. TypE LocaLity: ‘‘Habitat Oelandiae, prope Kjoping, in locis apricis, arenosis, rarius,’’ Rance: British America to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsor Creek (Standley). Transition Zone. 23. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 204. 1818. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Dry plains and gravelly hills of the Missouri.’’ Range: British America to Nebraska, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Las Vegas. Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 24. Carex heliophila Mackenz. Torreya 13: 15. 1913. Tyre LocaLity: Open prairie, near Lee’s Summit, Jackson County, Missouri. Rance: New Mexico and Wyoming to Iowa and IIlinois. New Mexico: Chama; Tierra Amarilla; Nutritas Creek; Glorieta; Raton. Open plains and hillsides, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 25. Carex geophila Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 546. 1913. Typr LocaLity: Tierra Amarilla, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Type collected by W. W. Eggleston (no. 6584). Rance: Mountains of western New Mexico. New Mexico: Tierra Amarilla; Chama; Mogollon Mountains, 26. Carex pityophila Mackenz. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 545. 1913, Type LocaLity: Southeast of Tierra Amarilla, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Type collected by W. W. Eggleston (no. 6605). Ranae: Northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Tierra Amarilla. Upper Sonoran Zone. 27. Carex capillaris elongata Olney; Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 37: 509. 1902. Typr Locality: Twin Lakes, Colorado. RanaGeE: British America to New Mexico and New York. New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Grass Mountain. Canadian and Hudsonian zones. 28. Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 205. 1818. Typr LocALity: On the shores of Lake Michigan. Rance: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and Wyoming. New Mexico: Chama: Grass Mountain; Winsors Ranch. Meadows, in the Transi- tion and Canadian zones, 29. Carex scopulorum Holm, Amer. Journ. Sci. 14: 421. f. 1-6. 1902. TYPE LOCALITY: Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado. Rance: Wet ground, Washington and Montana to Colorado. So far not collected in New Mexico, but doubtless to be found on the high moun- tains in the northern part of the State. 30. Carex kelloggii Boott in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 240. 1880. Type Loca.iry: In the Sierra Nevada at Alta, California, Range: Alaska to California, east to Utah and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6844). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 123 $1. Carex variabilis Bailey, Mem. Torrey Club 1: 18. 1889. Tyre Locauity: Colorado. RanceE: Montana and Idaho to New Mexico. New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Spirit Lake; Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak. Tran- sition to Arctic-Alpine Zone. 32. Carex emoryi Dewey; Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 230. 1859. Type LocaLity: ‘‘On the upper Rio Grande.’’ Type collected by Bigelow. RaNnGE: Southern New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley (Metcalfe). Along ditches, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 33. Carex nebraskensis Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. IT. 18: 102. 1854, Carex nebraskensis praevia Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 3. 1896. Carex jamesii Torr. Ann. Lyc, N, Y. 3: 398. 1836, not Schwein. 1824, Type LocaLity: Nebraska. Rance: Washington and Nebraska to New Mexico. New Mexico: Taos, 34. Carex halleri Gunn. FI. Norveg. no. 849. 1766-72. Type Locatity: Mountains of Norway. Rance: British America to Oregon, Minnesota, and New Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek (Standley 4183). Damp meadows, Canadian to Arctic-Alpine Zone. 35. Carex nova Bailey, Lond. Journ. Bot. 26: 522. 1888. Typr Locality: ‘‘Mountains of Wyoming and Colorado and southward.”’ Range: Wyoming and New Mexico to California, New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Spirit Lake. Meadows and damp woods, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones. 36. Carex bella Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 17: 152. 1892. Typr Locauity: “Mountains, Colorado, Utah, and Arizona..: Rance: Wyoming to Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. New Mexico: Near the head of the Nambe (Standley 4434), Canadian Zone. 37. Carex ultra Bailey, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 83. 1886. Carex spissa ultra Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 422. 1909. Tyre Locauity: Southern Arizona. RanGE: Southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Head of Guadalupe Canyon near Cloverdale ( Mearns 377, 487). 88. Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 175. 1803. Carex filiformis latifolia Boeckel. Linnaea 41: 309. 1876. Carex lasiocarpa lanuginosa Kiikenth. in Engl. Pflanzenreich 38: 748. 1909. Type Locauity: ‘‘Ad lacus Mistassins,’’ Canada. RanGE: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Chama; Ponchuelo Creek; Winsors Ranch; Las Vegas; Jewett; Mag- dalena Mountains; Grant County; Gilmores Ranch. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 39. Carex atherodes Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 828. 1826. TypE LocaLity: Arctic America. Range: British America to New York, Nebraska, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Fort Defiance (Palmer). 124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 40. Carex hystricina Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 282. 1805. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in humidis Pennsylvaniae.”’ RanGE: British America to Georgia, Nebraska, and New Mexico. New Mexico: North Percha Creek ( Metcalfe 1122). 41. Carex rostrata Stokes in With. Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. ed. 2. 2: 1059. 1787. Type Locatity: ‘‘ Bogs of Isla, and on Bentelkerny and Breadalbane,’’ England. RanGE: British America to California, New Mexico, and New York; also in Europe. New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Silver Spring Canyon; Chama. Bogs, Transition to Arctic-Alpine Zone. 9. KOBRESIA Wip. Slender tufted perennial with erect culms and solitary spikes; spikelets 1 or 2-flowered, spicate; perigynium none; stigmas 3; achenes obtusely 3-angled, sessile. 1. Kobresia bellardi (All.) Degland in Loisel. Fl. Gall. 2: 626. 1807. Carex bellardi All. Fl. Pedem. 2: 264. pl. 92. f. 2. 1785. Kobresia scirpina Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 205. 1805. Elyna spicata Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1: 155. 1806. Elyna bellardi Koch, Linnaea 21: 616. 1848. TYPE LocaLity: European. Rance: Arctic America, south in the Rocky Mountains to northern New Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Wet ground. Order 11, ARALES. 15. LEMNACEAE. Duckweed Family. Small unattached aquatics, the plant body a thallus, rooting from beneath. KEY TO THE GENERA. Roots several from a prominently nerved thallus............ 1. SprropELa (p. 124). Root solitary from a faintly nerved thallus...........-...-. 2. Lemna (p. 142). 1. SPIRODELA ScuHLED. Thallus disk-shaped, 7 to 12-nerved, 2 to 10 mm. long, bearing a single cluster of 4 to 16 elongated roots; spathe saclike; ovary 2-ovuled; fruit unknown. 1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392. 1839. Lemna polyrhiza L. Sp. Pl. 970. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae paludibus fossis.”’ RanaeE: In still water throughout most of North America and in the Old World. Reported by Mr. J. R. Watson from ‘‘ponds about the fair grounds, Albuquerque.’’? 2. LEMNA L. Dvuckweep. Thallus disk-shaped, usually provided with a central nerve, with or without lateral ones, each with a single root; ovary with 1 to 6 ovules; fruit ovoid, more or less ribbed. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Fronds long-stipitate, narrowly oblong, 6 to 10 mm. long, mostly sub- merged, often forming large masses............-.200--0 eee ee eee 1. Z. trisulea. Fronds not stipitate, broadly elliptic to obovate, 3 mm. long or less, floating. . Fronds obovate, 3 mm. long; fruit more or less lenticular....-..-. 2. L. minor. Fronds elliptic or oblong, 2 mm. long or less; fruit elongated...... 3. L, minima, 1 Bull. Univ. N. Mex. 49: 94. 1908. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 125 1. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. Pl. 970. 1753. Tyre Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europe sub aquis pigris puris.”’ Rance: Throughout North America, Asia, and Europe. New Mexico: Mountains west of San Antonio; Mimbres. Floating in water. 2. Lemna minor L. Sp. Pl. 970. 1753. Type Locality: ‘‘Habitat in Europae aquis quietis.”’ Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan. New Mexico: Santo Domingo; Sycamore Creek; mountains northeast of Santa Rita; Mule Creek; Nutritas Creek. Floating in water. 3. Lemna minima Phil. Linnaea 33: 239. 1864, name only; Hegelm. Lemn. 138. 1868, Tyre Locaity: Chile. RanGE: Southwestern United States to South America. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila (Metcalfe 407). Floating in water. Order 12. XYRIDALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Calyx and corolla free, of very different members; stamens free...............----------- 16. COMMELINACEAE (p. 125). Calyx and corolla partly united, of similar mem- bers; stamens partly adnatetothe perianth. 17. PONTEDERIACEAE (p. 126). 16. COMMELINACEAE. Spiderwort Family. Herbs with simple or branched stems and fibrous or fleshy roots; leaves sheathing at the base, the uppermost often dissimilar and forming a spathe about the flowers; flowers blue or purple; sepals 3; persistent; petals 3; stamens 6, hypogynous; capsule 2 or 3-celled. KEY TO THE GENERA. Perfect stamens 3 or 2; bracts spathelike; petals dissimi- lar; filaments naked..........-.-. sees . 1. Commetina (p. 125). Perfect stamens 6 or 5; bracts like the ‘foliage leaves: petals similar; filaments hairy........--..----.-- 2. TRADESCANTIA (p. 126). 1. COMMELINA L. DaAyFLoweEr. Perennial herbs with tuberous roots in clusters, sheathing petioles, and linear, more or less succulent leaves; flowers blue, open for only a few hours in the morning. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Floral bracts abruptly long-acuminate, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or puberulent; stems frequently simple, never much branched; petals all blue...........----- 2-22 e eee eee eee ee eee eee 1. C. dianthifolia. Floral bracts short, 2 cm. long or less, usually with long divergent * hairs on the sides; stems much branched; one petal white.... 2. C. crispa. 1. Commelina dianthifolia Delile in Red. Liliac. 7: pl. 390. 1801. Commelina linearis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 27. 1839. Commelina linearis longispatha Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 224. 1859. Tyrer Locauity: Described from cultivated plants. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico. New Mexico: Common in all the higher mountains from the Las Vegas Mountains to the Capitan Mountains and westward across the State. Open slopes, in the Tran- sition Zone. The type of C. linearis longispatha came from the Copper Mines. 126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Commelina crispa Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 451. 1898. Commelina virginica of many authors, not L. Tyre Locauity: At the base of the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 545). Rance: Colorado and Missouri to New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Rita; Dog Spring; Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains; Jarilla Junction; Knowles; Nara Visa; Carrizozo; Orogrande. Dry plains and hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. TRADESCANTIA L. Sprperwort. Perennial herbs with simple or branched erect stems, narrow elongated leaves, and showy flowers in terminal umbel-like cymes subtended by leaflike bracts; sepals 3, distinct, herbaceous; petals 3, sessile, blue. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants small, 25 cm. high or less; sheaths strongly pubescent, especially along the margins; roots tuberous, the tubers attached along a creeping rootstock.......-................ 1. 7. pinetorum. Plants larger, 30 to 60 cm. high; sheaths glabrous; roots somewhat fleshy, fascicled. Plants sparingly branched, green; sepals and pedicels densely glandular-pubescent ..............-2--0-20--2--e-0022- 2. T’. occidentalis. Plants much branched, glaucous; sepals and pedicels sparingly glandular..............-.- 22-2222 2-222 e eee eee eee eee 3. T. scopulorum. 1. Tradescantia pinetorum Greene, Erythea 1: 247. 1893. Tradescantia tuberosa Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 185. 1881, not Roxb. 1798. TYPE LocALity: Pinos Altos Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by E. L, Greene. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; San Luis Mountains; Tularosa Creek. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 2. Tradescantia occidentalis Britton, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 87. 1900. Tradescantia virginica occidentalis Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 377. 1896. Type Loca.itry: ‘‘ Wisconsin to Missouri, Texas, and New Mexico.”’ RANGE: As above. New Mexico: Hills near Clayton (Bartlett 235, 252). Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Tradescantia scopulorum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 205. 1899. Type Locatity: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Rance: Western Nebraska and Montana to Arizona and western Texas. New Mexico: Gallup; Zuni Reservation; Organ Mountains; East Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 17. PONTEDERIACEAE. Pickerel-weed Family. 1. HETERANTHERA Willd. Mup Plantain. Succulent herb with branched stems, numerous oval or ovate long-petioled leaves, and small white or blue flowers in 1-flowered spathes; lobes of the perianth linear; stamens 3, equal; fruit an ovoid many-seeded capsule. 1. Heteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 3: 439. 1801. Pontederia limosa Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 57. 1788. Type Locauity: ‘Jam. Hispaniola.”’ RanGE: Virginia to New Mexico, southward through Tropical America. New Mexico: Santa Rita; Middle Fork of the Gila. In mud or shallow water. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 127 Order 18. LILIALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Styles wanting...........-....-..--------------- 18. CALOCHORTACEAE (p. 127). Styles present. Styles distinct ..........2........--. Leeeeeeee 19. MELANTHACEAE (p. 128). Styles united. Capsules septicidal; petals and sepals very unlike. 18. CALOCHORTACEAE (p. 127). Capsules loculicidal; sepals and petals nearly alike. Sepals and petals chaffy...............--... 20. JUNCACEAE (p. 130). Sepals and petals not chaffy. Shrubby plants with caudices, or trees. 21. DRACAENACEAE (p. 135). Herbs with bulbs, corms, or rootstocks. Plants with elongated horizontal rootstocks, 22, CONVALLARIACEAE (p. 138). Plants with bulbs or corms or short erect rootstocks. Flowers in umbels, at first included in and later subtended by a scarious involucre....23. ALLIACEAE (p. 140). Flowers solitary or racemose (in Leucocrinum by the shortening of the axis apparently umbellate), without involucres. Plants from bulbs or corms....24. LILIACEAE (p. 143). Plants from elongated tuberous roots. 25. ASPHODELACEAE (p. 144). 18. CALOCHORTACEAE. Mariposa lily Family. 1. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. Marrrosa LILY. Low bulbous plants with narrow grasslike leaves; flowers large, showy, pale yellow, lilac, or bright yellow, borne on slender glabrous scapes. Several species are not rare in cultivation. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers bright yellow; plants low, 8 to 20 cm.; gland at the base of the petals longer than broad; anthers obtuse......-.-------- 1. C. aureus. Flowers pale yellow to lilac; plants taller, 20 to 40 cm.; glands and anthers various. Anthers obtuse; glands orbicular or nearly so; petals 35 mm. long or less... 2.222220 020s e eee eee eee eee eee eeee 2. C. nuttallii. Anthers very acute; glands much broader than long; petals 35 to 40 mm. long..........-..----0--- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 3. C. gunnisonit. 1. Calochortus aureus 8S. Wats. Amer. Nat. 7: 303. 1873. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘On sand-cliffs, Southern Utah.’’ RanGeE: Southern Utah to Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Fort Wingate; Gallup; Farmington. Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. One of the lowest species of the genus, seldom exceeding a height of 20 cm.; leaves slender, very long for the size of the plant, often recurved; probably the handsomest of our species. 128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gray, U.S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 124. 1855. Tyre Locauiry: “Summit of Noble’s Pass, Sierra Nevada,’’ Rance: Montana to New Mexico, west to California. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Silver City; Tunitcha Mountains. Transition and Canadian zones. A taller plant than the preceding and with less handsome but more numerous lilac flowers. 8. Calochortus gunnisonii 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 346. 1871. Calochortus gunnisonii perpulcher Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 29: 281. 1900. Tyre Locauity: Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Rance; Montana and Wyoming to New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Chusca Mountains; Ramah; Mogollon Mountains. Meadows in the mountains, in the Transition and Canadian zones. Similar to the last in general appearance but with different anthers and glands. The plants from the Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains have larger and yellower flowers than those from other parts of New Mexico. To this form Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell gave the subspecific name perpulcher. His type was collected at Harveys Ranch. 19. MELANTHACEAE. Bunch-flower Family. Perennial caulescent or scapose herbs, with elongated or bulblike rootstocks; leaves alternate, often all basal; flowers polygamous or dicecious, regular, in terminal spikes, racemes, or panicles, or solitary; perianth usually inconspicuous; sepals and petals distinct or nearly so; filaments often adnate to the base of the sepals and petals; ovary superior or slightly inferior; styles distinct. KEY TO THE GENERA. Stems tall, 1 meter high or more, from rootstocks; leaves large, oval........--2..-.---222- 22022 e eee eee 1. VeERATRUM (p. 128). Stems low, less than 50 cm. high, from elongated bulbs; leaves linear. Perianth segments without glands, narrowly linear, 2 to 3 mm. long, greenish..................- 2. SCHOENOCAULON (p. 129). Perianth segments gland-bearing, not linear, 5 mm, long or more, white. Ovary partly inferior; glands obcordate; flow- ers 1 cm. long or more, not crowded..... 3. ANTICLEA (p. 129). Ovary superior; glands obovate or semiorbicu- lar; flowers less than 1 cm. long, crowded.............-2-2-5-22--2-220202. 4. ToxicoscornIon (p. 130). 1. VERATRUM L. SKUNK CABBAGE. Tall coarse perennial herb, 1.5 meters high or less, from thick rootstocks; leaves broad, sessile, strongly veined; flowers rather large, in a broad terminal panicle; perianth of 6 similar distinct elliptic-oblong segments; capsules 3-beaked, the per- sistent styles divergent. 1. Veratrum speciosum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 531. 1900. TyPE Locauity: Bridger Mountains, Montana, RaNGE: Montana and Washington to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Winsor Creek; Pecos Baldy; Willow Creek; White Mountain Peak. Wet meadows in the mountains, Transition to Hudsonian Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 129 A common and very characteristic plant of the mountains of the northern part of the State, often thickly covering large areas of open marshy land. It is some times eaten by sheep, with fatal results. The common name given in the books is “false hellebore,’”? but in New Mexico it is always known as ‘“‘skunk cabbage,”’ although it is very unlike the plant which bears that name in the eastern United States. ° 2. SCHOENOCAULON A. Gray. Low plant with a slender scape from a black fibrous-coated elongated bulb; leaves all radical, pale green, long, grasslike; flowers perfect, pale. green, almost sessile in a spikelike raceme; capsules about 12 mm. long, with 4 to 6-seeded cells. 1. Schoenocaulon drummondii A. Gray; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 388. 1841. Schoenocaulon tecanum Scheele, Linnaea 25: 262. 1852. TyPE Locauity: Southwestern Texas. RanGeE: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Ten miles west of Roswell (Wooton). Dry hills and plains. 3. ANTICLEA Kunth. Glabrous herbs from tunicated bulbs, the stems scapose, or bearing a few leaves; flowers of medium size, ochroleucous, greenish; perianth segments similar, each bear- ing an obcordate gland near the base; inflorescence open, loose, few-flowered. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Inflorescence paniculate, widely branched, glaucous; pedicels slen- der, divergent, 2 or more times the length of the subtending bracts; petals about 5 mm. long.....................-...-- 1. A. porrifolia. Inflorescence racemose, sometimes with a few short branches below, green; pedicels stout, erect or ascending, of about the same length as the subtending bracts; petals 5 to 8 mm. long. Perianth segments 7 to 8 mm. long, 7 to 13-nerved..........-- 2. A, elegans. Perianth segments 5 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 7-nerved .....-.....-.. 3. A. coloradensis. 1. Anticlea porrifolia (Greene) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 3Q: 273. 1903. Zygadenus porrifolius Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 8: 123. 1881. TypE tocairy: ‘‘Mogollon Mountains, near the summits,’?’ New Mexico. Type collected by Greene in 1881, Rance: Southwestern New Mexico to Chihuahua, New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Lookout Mines. Mountains, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 273. 1903. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 241. 1814. Zygadenus dilatatus Greene, Pl. Baker. 1: 51. 1901. TypPE LocaLity: ‘‘On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit river, near the Rocky mountains.”’ RanGE: Alaska and Saskatchewan to Nevada and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Baldy; White Moun- tains. Damp woods, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. 8. Anticlea coloradensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 273. 1903. Zygadenus coloradensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 534. 1900. TYPE Locauity: Idaho Springs, Colorado. RANGE: Utah and Colorado to northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7554). Meadows in the mountains, - in the Transition Zone. 52576°—15——9 130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Derartu camass. Plants much as in the preceding genus, buf the flowers smaller and much more numerous, the perianth segments with obovate or semiorbicular glands, and the ovary wholly superior instead of partly inferior. ° KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants stout; leaves 10 to 15 mm. wide; inflorescence paniculate, widely branching.............2.20-2222 000220 - eee eee eee 1. T. paniculatum. Plants slender; leaves about 5 mm. wide (strongly falcate); in- florescence racemose, little or not at all branched........... 2. T. faleatum. 1. Toxicoscordion paniculatum (8. Wats.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 272. 1903. Zygadenus paniculatus 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 343. 1871, TYPE Locauity: ‘“‘Oregon and Washington Territory.”’ Rance: Montana and Washington to California and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Matthews). Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran - Zone. 2. Toxicoscordion faleatum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 272. 1903. Zygadenus faleatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 536. 1900. Type Locauitry: Fort Collins, Colorado. Rance: Colorado and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Aztec (Baker 260). Open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 20. JUNCACEAE. Rush Family. Grasslike plants, annuals or perennials, tufted or from rootstocks, with terete solid stems; leaves various, the sheaths open or closed, the margins sometimes produced into auriculate ligule-like organs, the blades flat or terete or wanting; inflorescence of terminal heads, spikes, or panicles, usually bracted; flowers regular, mostly com- plete, 3-merous; sepals and petals 3 each, more or less glumelike; stamens 3 or 6; ovary superior, | or 3-celled, forming a 1-celled or 3-celled capsule with 3 to many seeds. KEY TO THE GENERA. Leaf sheaths open; capsules | or 3-celled; seeds many........ 1. Juncus (p. 180). Leaf sheaths closed; capsules 1-celled; seeds 3................ 2, JuNcoIDEs (p. 134), ’ 1. JUNCUS L. Rusu. Chiefly perennial herbs of wet soil, with pithy or hollow, usually simple stems; leaf sheaths open; flowers cymose or glomerate, small, greenish or brownish; capsule 3-celled or rarely 1-celled, the seeds numerous, often appendaged., KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lower bract of the inflorescence terete, erect, appearing as an elongation of the stem; inflorescence apparently lateral. Flowers few, 1 to 5, one of them subsessile, the others pedi- ) C16 1. J. drummondii, Flowers several, in a more or less compound panicle. Plants slender; bracts extending considerably beyond the inflorescence; basal sheaths without blades... 2, J. balticus. Plants stout; bracts short, extending little if at all beyond the inflorescence; uppermost basal sheath bearing a scapiform blade................2220202 cee eee 3. J. mexicanus. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 131 Lower bracts not appearing as a continuation of the stems, or if so channeled on the upper surface; inflorescence ter- minal. Leaves septate, sometimes equitant, the septa sometimes poorly developed and hard to see in dried material. Leaves terete, not equitant. Capsules narrowly lanceolate; inflorescence with short branches; flowers echinate-spreading, or the lowest of the head reflexed. Heads 7 to 8 mm. in diameter; leaf blades erect; petals usually longer than the sepals.... 4. J. nodosus, Heads more than 10 mm, in diameter; leaf blades usually spreading; petals shorter than the sepals. ........-.-- 22. ee eee eee ee eee eee 5. J. torreyi. Capsules oblong; inflorescence with elongated branches (in J. mertensianus a single head); flowers erect or ascending. Heads several; leaves terete; seeds not caudate.. 6. J. badius. Heads solitary or rarely 2 or 3; leaves somewhat flattened; seeds mostly caudate........-. 7. J. mertensianus. Leaves equitant, laterally flattened, with one edge toward the stem. Flower clusters numerous, small, 5 to 12-flowered, generally light-colored .............-.----.-- 8. J. brunnescens. Flower clusters few, larger, 15 to 25-flowered, usually dark-colored. Perianth segments green-margined; ligules usually not auricled...............-.-.- 9. J. parous. Perianth segments fuscous or dark brown; ligules produced into smal] auricles... ... 10. J. saximontanus, Leaves neither septate nor equitant. Leaves hollow; flowers few, in small heads. Stems leafy only at base; perianth about 4 mm. long; lower bracts of inflorescence mem- branouS......-..- 0 eee eee eee eee eee eens ll. J. triglumis. Stems leafy throughout; perianth segments 5 to 6 mm. long; lower bracts foliaceous...........-. 12. J. castaneus. Leaves not hollow; flowers numerous. Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on branches of the inflorescence; leaves broad and grass- like.........22 222-2222 eee eee 13. J. longistylis. Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches of the inflorescence; leaves narrowly linear, flat, or subterete and channeled. Annual; stems branched........--...-.------- 14. J. bufonius. Perennials; stems simple. Auricles cartilaginous, yellowish brown; bracts usually elongated, much ex- ceeding the inflorescence........-..- 15. J. dudleyi. Auricles scarious or membranaceous; bracts usually much shorter, hardly ex- ceeding the inflorescence, 132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Auricles conspicuously produced be- yond the point of insertion. Stems stout; leaves short and broad; perianth 4 mm. long, scarious at base; cymes open.........-.-----2----- 16. J. brachyphyllus. Stems slender; leaves long and nar- row; perianth 3.5 to 4 mm. long, scarious to the apex; cymes dense .....-......--- 17. J. confusus. Auricles scarcely produced beyond the point of insertion. Perianth segments about equaling the capsule, 3 to 4 mm. long.......-.2.2. 222-2222 e- 18. J. interior, Perianth segments mostly exceed- ing the capsule, 4 to 5 mm. long......---.-2-222---0--. 19. J. arizonicus. 1. Juncus drummondii E. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 1853. Juncus arcticus Willd. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 189. 1838. Type Loca.iry: ‘“‘Ata great elevation on the Rocky Mountains.”’ Range: British America to California and northern New Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Spirit Lake; Truchas Peak. Bogs, in the Hudsonian and Arctic- Alpine zones. 2. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 3: 298. 1809. Type Locauity: “‘An den sandigen Meeresufern bei Warnemiinde,’’ Germany. Ranee: Alaska and British America to California, New Mexico, and New York; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Cedar Hill; Dulce; Chama; Farmington; Taos; Baldy; Winsors Ranch; Jewett; Gallo Spring; Lone Mountain; Berendo Creek; Mesilla Valley; Silver Spring Canyon. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 3. Juncus mexicanus Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 178. 1829. Juncus balticus mexicanus Parish, Muhlenbergia 6: 119. 1910. . Tyre Locaity: ‘‘In Mexico.” Rance: Texas and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Cloverdale; White Sands; Carrizozo; Malones Ranch. Wet ground, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 4. Juncus nodosus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 466. 1762. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Habitat in America septentrionali.”’ RanGE: British America to Nevada and Virginia. New Mexico: Farmington; near Pecos; Castle Rock. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 303. 1895. Juncus nodosus megacephalus Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 326. 1843. Juncus megacephalus Wood, Bot. & Flor. ed. 2. 724. 1861, not Curtis, 1835. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘On the shores of Lake Ontario.’ RanGE: British Columbia and New York to California and Texas. New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington; Dulce; Las Vegas; Zuni Reservation; Albu- querque; Pecos; Berendo Creek; Silver City; Mesilla Valley; Carrizozo; Mescalero Agency. Wet ground, Lower Sonoran to Transition Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 183 6. Juncus badius Suksd. Deutsch. Bot. Monatschr. 19: 92. 1901. Juncus truncatus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 399. 1904. Typr tocatity: ‘‘Im Falkenthal im westl. Teil von Klickitat County,’’ Wash- ington. Rance: Washington and Wyoming to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7565). Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 7. Juncus mertensianus Bong. Mém, Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 167. 1832. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka, Alaska. RanGeE: Alaska to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Spirit Lake (Standley 4397). Bogs, in the Hudsonian Zone. 8. Juncus brunnescens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 400. 1904. Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 481. 1868, in part. TYPE LocaLity: Pagosa Springs, Colorado. Rance: Nevada and Colorado to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; mountains west of Grants Station; Pecos; Bear Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Rio Mimbres; Cloverdale; Guadalupe Canyon; Ruidoso Creek. Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone. 9. Juncus parous Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 401. 1904. Type Locauity: Fort Garland, Colorado. RANGE: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Dulce; mountains west of Grants Station; Rio Pueblo; Middle Fork of the Gila; Silver Spring Canyon; Organ Mountains; White Mountains; Carrizozo. Wet meadows, in the Transition Zone. 10. Juncus saximontanus A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 29: 401. 1902. Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 481. 1868, in part. Type Locauity: Colorado. Ranae: British America to New Mexico. New Mexico: Middle Fork of the Gila; Chama; White Mountain Peak. Wet mead- ows in the mountains, in the Transition Zone. 11. Juncus triglumis L. Sp. Pl. 328. 1753. Type Locatiry: ‘‘Habitat frequens in Alpibus Lapponicis, Tauro Rastadiensi.”’ Rance: British America to New Mexico and New York; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4764). Wet meadows, in the Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine zones. 12. Juncus castaneus J. E. Smith, Fl. Brit. 1: 383. 1800. Tyre Locauity: ‘In paludosis alpinis Scotiae, solo micaceo, On Ben Lawer.”’ Rance: British America to Colorado and New Mexico; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Truchas Peak (Standley 4771, 4770). Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 13. Juncus longistylis Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 223. 1859. Type Locatity: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rance: British America to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Dulce; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; Chama; Winsors Ranch; Santa Fe; Rio Pueblo; Jewett Spring; Copper Mines; White Mountains. Wet ground, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 14. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. 328. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. RanGe: Nearly cosmopolitan. 134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. New Mexico: Chama; north of Ramah; Santa Fe Creek. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 15. Juncus dudleyi Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 524. 1900. Type LocaLity: Truxton, New York. RanGeE: Washington and Maine to Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; Pecos; Ramah; Jewett Spring; Bear Mountains. Meadows, in the Transition Zone. 16. Juncus brachyphyllus Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 519. 1900. Type LocaLity: ‘“‘Upper Platte,’ Colorado. This was originally cited as ‘‘Arkan- sas,’’ which is altogether wrong. Rance: Mountains, Idaho to Colorado and New Mexico. We have seen no material of this, but it is probable that one of the cotypes, although cited as coming from ‘‘Arkansas,’’ really came from within our limits.! 17. Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 10: 127, 1896. Type LocaLity: In an irrigated meadow, North Park, Colorado. RanGeE: Montana and Wyoming to Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains (Standley 7547). Wet ground, in the Tran- sition Zone. 18. Juncus interior Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 516. 1900. TYPE LocaLiry: Richmond, Illinois. RanGe: Wyoming and Illinois to New Mexico and Missouri. New Mexico: Johnsons Mesa; Mogollon Creek; McKinneys Park; Kingston; Gil- mores Ranch. Meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 19. Juncus arizonicus Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 517. 1900. TYPE LOCALITY: Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Thurber. Rance: Colorado and Arizona to Texas. New Mexico: Chama; Sierra Grande; Taos; Bear Mountains; Lorenzo Spring; Organ Mountains; San Luis Mountains; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Woop rusx. Slender perennial grasslike herbs, often hairy, with flat leaves, the leaf sheaths closed ; flowers small, spicate, glomerate, or umbellate; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers on slender pedicels in corymbiform panicles.......... -. L. J. parviflorum. Flowers in crowded spikelike clusters. Spikelets peduncled, forming a corymb....................-. 2. J. intermedium. Spikelets subsessile, forming a compound spike.............. 3. J. spicatum. 1. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893. Juncus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 6: 139. 1791. Luzula parviflora Desv. Journ, Bot. Schrad. 1: 144. 1808. TYPE LocaLity: European. Rance: Alaska and British America to California, New. Mexico, and New York. New Mexico: Ponchuelo Creek; Pecos Baldy. Meadows, Transition to Arctic- Alpine Zone. 2. Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 610. 1905. Juncus intermedius Thuill. Fl. Env. Paris ed. 2. 178. 1799. Juncus multiflorus Khrh.; Hoffm, Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 169. 1800, not Retz. 1795. 1 See, Bartlett, H. H. Rhodora 11: 156. 1909. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 185 Type Locatity: Near Paris, France. Rance: British America to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsors Ranch (Standley 4167). Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone, 3. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 725. 1891. Juncus spicatus L. Sp. Pl. 330. 1753. Luzula spicata DC. & Lam. Fl. Frang. 3: 161. 1805. Type Locatity: ‘‘Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus.”’ Rance: Temperate North America; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Truchas Peak; Baldy. Meadows, in the Arctic- Alpine Zone. 21. DRACAENACEAE. Yucca Family. Shrubby plants or trees with woody caudices copiously furnished with narrow rigid leaves; flowers in racemes or panicles terminating scapes or scapelike stems; perianth greenish or white, the sepals and petals similar; gyncecium of 3 united carpels; ovary superior, 1 to 3-celled; styles united, sometimes very short or obsolete during anthesis; ovules 2 to several or many in each cell; fruit a loculicidal capsule, or berry-like and indehiscent. KEY TO THE GENERA. Flowers perfect..........2.2-2 22-2202 ccc cece eee eee eee 1. Yucca (p. 135). Flowers dicecious or polygamo-dicecious. Flowers polygamo-dicecious, in open panicles; ovary 3-celled; stamens included.........--..-.------ 2. Nowra (p. 137). Flowers dicecious, in dense panicles; ovary 1-celled; stamens exserted........-...----.-------------- 3. DASYLIRION (p. 138). 1. YUCCA L. Yucca. Thick-stemmed (in several species the stems short and mostly subterranean) peren- nials with narrow, mostly rigid, sharp-pointed leaves and large panicles or racemes of white campanulate flowers; fruit a 3-celled capsule, this dry or sometimes baccate and fleshy. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves 10 mm. wide or less. Stems conspicuous in old plants, reaching a height of 3 to 4 meters, naked below, clothed with a tuft of leaves above; inflorescence a much branched panicle. ...... 1. Y- elata. Stems short, mostly subterranean, covered with leaves to the base; inflorescence racemose, sometimes with a few branches. Flowers large, 6 cm. long or more; style oblong, white.. 2. Y. baileyi. Flowers small, 4 cm. long or less; style swollen at the base, greenish. Leaves narrow, 6 mm. wide or less, very thick, sparsely filiferous...............---.--------- 3. Y. glauca. Leaves broader, 8 to 10 mm. wide, thin, abundantly filiferous..........-....0 20222 4. Y. neomexicana. Leaves broader, 15 to 50 mm. wide. Fruit dehiscent; plants acaulescent.............-..2.--..-. 5. Y¥. harrimaniae. Fruit indehiscent; plants caulescent or acaulescent. Stems short, 20 cm. high or less, leafy to the base; perianth segments narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long; fruit large, 12 to 15cm. long, very pulpy.... 6. ¥. baccata. 136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems taller, 1.5 to 5 meters high; perianth segments elliptic, 2 to 4. cm. long; fruit smaller, 10 cm. long or less, only slightly pulpy. Leaves rigid, rough, yellowish green; filaments coarse and grayish.......................2--- 7. Y¥. macrocarpa. Leaves floxible, smooth, bluish green, glaucous; filaments, when present, fine, usually brownish. ..........-.2--22222.22020002 eee 8. Y. schottii. 1. Yucca elata Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 17. 1882. PALMILLA. Yucca angustifolia radiosa Engelm. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 496. 1871. Yucca angustifolia elata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 8: 50, 1873. Yucca radiosa Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 163. 1892. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘‘Extending from West Texas to Utah, Arizona and Northern . Mexico.” RanGeE: Southern Arizona to western Texas, southward into Mexico, New Mexico: Fort Bayard; Mimbres River; Dog Spring; Cambray; Hachita; Deming; mesa west of Organ Mountains; White Sands; Alamogordo; Mescalero Agency; Mesquite Lake. Mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This is the common narrow-leaved Yucca of southern New Mexico, known as “‘ pal- milla,” or ‘‘ soapweed.’’ The roots, termed ‘‘amole,”’ are often used as a substitute for soap. The plant has considerable decorative value, but because of its large roots is difficult to transplant. It is one of the most abundant and characteristic plants of the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. Yucea baileyi Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 114. 1913. TyPE LocaLity: Dry slope in pine woods in the Tunitcha Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley (no. 7638). Rance: Northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains; Chusca Mountains. Dry hills and low mountains, in the Transition Zone, extending down into the Upper Sonoran. 3. Yucca glauca Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. no. 89. 1813. SOAPWEED, Yucca angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 227. 1814. ~ Type Locauity: “Collected 1,600 miles up the Missouri, about lat. 49°.” Rance: South Dakota and Wyoming to Missouri and New Mexico. New Mexico: Raton; Farmington; Sierra Grande; Rosa; Albuquerque; Fairview; San Augustine Plains; Horse Camp; Pecos. Plains and low hills, chiefly in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This is the common Yucca of the northern and eastern parts of New Mexico, where it is often very abundant. The leaves have been used in the manufacture of stable brooms. The fruits of this, as well as of some of the other dry-fruited species, were cooked and eaten by some of the Indians. 4. Yucca neomexicana Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 115. 1913. TYPE LOCALITY: On a volcanic hill about half a mile north of Des Moines, Union County, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley (no. 6208). RanGeE: Known only from type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 5. Yucca harrimaniae Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 59. pl. 28, 29, 83. f. 10. 1902. TypE LocaLiry: Helper, Utah. Rance: Southern Utah and Colorado to northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains (Standley 7314). Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 137 6. Yucca baccata Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859. Dati. Type LocaLity: High table lands between the Rio Grande and the Gila, New Mexico. Rance: New Mexico to Colorado and Nevada. New Mexico: Farmington; Raton; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Hur- rah Creek; Santa Fe Canyon; Crawfords Ranch; Socorro; Fairview; Rincon; Carriza- lillo Mountains; Florida Mountains; Organ Mountains; Burro Mountains; Bear Moun- tains. Dry hills and high plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The species is the low, stiff-leaved Yucca of the rocky ridges and mesas at the bases of the mountains. It is the largest flowered of our species. The fruit, too, is characteristic, somewhat resembling the eastern pawpaw in general appearance. The Indians of New Mexico slice the ripe fruit and dry it in the sun for use in winter. When fresh, it has a peculiar sweet taste and is quite palatable. 7. Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 6: 224. 1881. Pama. Yucca baccata macrocarpa Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859. TYPE Locaity: On the plains of western Texas near the Limpio. Ranae: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Silver City; Fort Bayard; Las Cruces; Tortugas Mountain. Mesas and plains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This the common broad-leaved Yucca or “dagger” of the mesas of the southern part of the State. It is used not a little for decorative purposes in this region and is very effective. It is easily transplanted and under cultivation becomes 5 to 6 meters high. The leaves are used extensively by the various Indians, notably the Apaches, in their basketry. By using different parts of the leaves, different colors are secured for forming designs, the outer part of the leaf being greenish yellow and the inner white. 8. Yucca schottii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 46. 1873. Type Locatity: Upper Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico, southern Arizona, and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Indian Canyon, Animas Mountains; San Luis Mountains. Lower Sonoran Zone. . A little-known arborescent species with smooth, glaucous leaves and pubescent inflorescence. It is known with us only in the extreme southwest corner of the State. 2. NOLINA Michx. Berararass. Coarse-leaved perennials, the leaves linear, serrulate; inflorescence of a stout, nearly naked stem, paniculately branched above; flowers polygamo-dicecious, small, with whitish oblong-lanceolate segments; stamens included; fruit indehiscent, thin-walled, with subglobose seeds. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves 6 mm. wide or less, the edges smooth..................... 1. N. greene. Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide, scabrous on the edges.................-. 2. N. microcarpa. 1. Nolina greenei 8. Wats.; Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 418. 1911. TyPE LocaLity: Between the Purgatory and Apeshipa rivers, north of Trinidad, Colorado. RanGE: Southeastern Colorado to New Mexico. New Mexico: San Miguel County; White Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879. Typr LocaLity: ‘8. Arizona (Rock Cafion; Rothrock, n. 278).”’ Rance: Southwestern New Mexico to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Mimbres River; Big Hatchet Mountains; Silver City; San Luis Mountains; Dog Mountains; Burro Mountains; Mogollon Creek; Lake Valley; Mag- dalena Mountains. Dry plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. A specimen collected by Bailey at San Rafael probably belongs here, although the margins of the leaves have much fewer teeth. The leaves of this plant were used by the Indians in former times in weaving bas- kets and mats. They also furnish a fairly good quality of fiber, which may some day be utilized in making cordage. 8. DASYLIRION Zucc. Sorot. Dicecious perennials with thick short stems, numerous strap-shaped spiny-margined leaves, and very numerous small white flowers borne in tall narrow panicles. The bases of the leaves form a round head about the thick stems, when the ends have been cut or burned off, and these are used for feeding stock. These heads are roasted by the native people and used for food and for the manufacture of a drink called “sotol” which contains from 40 to 50 per cent of alcohol. It has been found practi- cable to manufacture commercial alcohol from the plant. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Prickles of the leaves mostly recurved; leaves green... .-...---- 1. D. leiophyllum. Prickles of the leaves directed forward; leaves somewhat glaucous.. 2. D. wheeleri. 1. Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm.; Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 433. 1911. TypE Locality: Presidio, Texas. Ranae: Western Texas to southern New Mexico and southward. New Mexico: Central; Florida Mountains; Big Hatchet Mountains. Dry hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. Dasylirion wheeleri 8. Wats. in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 272. 1879. TyPE LOCALITY: Southern Arizona. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona. New Mexico: San Mateo Mountains; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Big Hatchet Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Rincon; mesa near Las Cruces; Organ Mountains; White Mountains. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 22. CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily-of-the-valley Family. Perennial herbs arising from rootstocks, never with bulbs or corms; leaves alternate (in ours cauline), sometimes reduced to scales; flowers perfect, in terminal racemes or panicles or axillary in small clusters; perianth segments distinct or more or less united at the base; pistil 3-parted; fruit a fleshy berry. KEY TO THE GENERA. Leaves reduced to scales; branches numerous, filiform. .... 1. Asparagus (p. 139). Leaves not reduced; stems sparingly branched or simple, not filiform. Perianth segments united into a tube.............-- 2. SALOMONIA (p. 139). Perianth segments distinct. Flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.......... 3. VAGNERA (p. 139). Flowers terminal or opposite the leaves, solitary or in few-flowered clusters. Flowers in terminal, few-flowered clusters.... 5. Disporum (p. 140). Flowers solitary opposite the leaves.......... 4. Strepropus (p. 189). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 139 1. ASPARAGUS L. Asparagus. Tall perennial with much branched stems from thick matted rootstocks; branchlets capillary, often referred to as leaves, the true leaves reduced to small scales; flowers small, greenish yellow, axillary, on jointed pedicels. 1. Asparagus officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 313. 1753. TYPE Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae arenosis.”’ New Mexico: Farmington; Santa Fe; Mesilla Valley. The cultivated asparagus thrives in New Mexico and is a not uncommon escape in the valleys. 2. SALOMONIA Heist. SoLomMon’s SEAL. Perennial herbs with simple erect stems from creeping rootstocks; leaves sessile or clasping; flowers axillary, nodding, greenish, on jointed pedicels; ovary 3-celled, with 2 to 6 ovules in each cell; berry black or blue. 1. Salomonia cobrensis Woot. & Stand]. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 113. 1913. TyPE Locality: Copper Mines, New Mexico. Rance: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Copper Mines; near Kingston. 8. VAGNERA Adans. FaLse SOLOMON’S SEAL. Low plants with running rootstocks, leafy stems, alternate, sessile, lanceolate or elliptic leaves, small, inconspicuous, paniculate or racemose flowers, and reddish fruit. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers paniculate; leaves elliptic to oval. ...........-.-.---- 1. V. amplexicaulis. Flowers in a simple raceme; leaves lanceolate. ...............- 2. V. stellata. 1. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Bot. San Fran. Bay 316. 1894. Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834. Smilacina racemosa amplexicaulis $8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 345. 1871. TypE Loca.ity: “In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Columbia River.”’ Rane@e: British Columbia and Montana to California and New Mexico: New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; Organ Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains. Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones. We have specimens from the Mogollon Mountains in which the leaves are abund- antly variegated with white. 2. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 114. 1894. Convallaria stellata L. Sp. Pl. 316. 1753. Smilacina stellata Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 52. 1807. TYPE Locatity: Canada. Rance: British America to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Magdalena Mountains; Chama; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range; White Mountains; Sierra Grande. Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones. Some of our specimens may represent Vagnera liliacea Greene, but we are unable to separate the two species by any constant character. 4. STREPTOPUS Michx. TwistTEp-stTAaLk. Perennial from a creeping rootstock, with branched stems and small axillary flowers; perianth segments acute; fruit a red globose many-seeded berry. 140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. & Lam. FI. Frang, 3: 174. 1805. Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. Pl. 304. 1758. Type Locauty: “In Bohemiae, Saxoniae, Delphinatus montibus.”’ RanaeE: British America to Arizona and Pennsylvania. New Mexico: Winsor Creek (Standley 4200). Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. 5. DISPORUM Salish. Low herb with creeping rootstocks, erect branched stems, and sessile ovate thin leaves; flowers small, solitary on slender terminal peduncles; perianth narrowly cam- panulate; fruit a 3 to 6-seeded red berry. 1. Disporum trachycarpum (S. Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 832. 1883. Prosartes trachycarpa 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 344. 1871. Type LocaLity: Colorado. Range: British America to South Dakota and New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama, Damp woods, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 23. ALLIACEAE. Onion Family. Perennial scapose herbs with scaly or reticulate-coated bulbs; leaves few, narrow, basal; flowers in terminal umbels, at first inclosed in and finally subtended by a scarious involucre; perianth segments all alike, petaloid, mostly conspicuous, per- sistent, becoming scarious in fruit; stamens 6; fruit a dry 3-celled capsule. KEY TO THE GENERA. Perianth segments nearly free (in ours pinkish, fading lighter); capsule deeply lobed, sometimes crested ; plants strong-scented.............2-.222.22.----0-- 1. Atirum (p. 140). Perianth segments united for one-third their length or more; capsule not lobed nor crested; plants not strong-scented. Perianth campanulate or funnelform, about 1 cm. ‘long, bluish purple................-.-------- 2, DiprerRosTEMON (p. 148). Perianth salverform, 3 cm. long, the limb white with pronounced greenish midribs..............--- 3. Mia (p. 148).° 1. ALLIUM L. ONION. Strong-scented herbs with narrow leaves and 1 to several scapes from a coated bulb; flowers in umbels, sometimes replaced by bulblets; perianth of 6 petaloid, nearly free segments; fruit a deeply lobed 3-celled capsule. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Outer bulb coats strongly reticulated, the veins separating into a mat of fibers. Scapes bulblet-bearing.................02-00-..-0--022- 22 0ee 7. A, sabulicola. Scapes not bulblet-bearing. Capsules crested. Plants tall, 25 to 40 cm.; perianth segments 5 mm. long, bright rose pink; pedicels slender..... 8. A. geyeri. Plants lower, 10 to 15 cm., stouter; perianth seg- ments 7 or 8 mm. long, pale pink with prominent midveins; pedicels stout........ 9, A. deserticola. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 141 Capsules not crested. Plants slender; pedicels 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth segments 4 to 5 mm. long, pale............. 10. A. helleri. Plants stout; pedicels 13 to 16 mm. long; perianth segments 6 to 7 mm. long, bright pink.......11. A. nuttallit. Outer bulb coats scaly, not reticulate, the veins never separating into fibers. Bulbs without rootstocks; umbels erect; perianth segments acute or acuminate; stamens not exserted. Capsule and ovary not crested......-.........-...-.-- 4, A. scaposum. Capsule and ovary crested. Perianth segments oblong-lanceolate; plants low, 10 to 12 cm.; bulb coats dark chestnut brown. 5. A. bigelovii. Perianth segments ovate-lanceolate; plants taller, 18 to 30 cm.; bulb coats lighter colored...... 6. A. palmeri. Bulbs arising from rootstock. Umbels erect; perianth segments acute; stamens not exserted; rootstocks long and slender; bulbs usually solitary.........2..--2-2---------0---2-- 3. A. rhizomatum. Umbels cernuous; perianth segments obtuse; stamens exserted; rootstocks short and thick; bulbs usually clustered. Leaves not carinate, 3 to 6 mm. wide in dried specimens; flowers numerous......-..------- 1. A. recurvatum. Leaves carinate, 2mm. wide or less; flowers few.... 2. A. neomexicanum. 1. Allium recurvatum Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 94. 1900. TYPE LocALITy: Indian Creek, Montana. RanGeE: South Dakota and British Columbia to New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Kingston; White and Sacramento mountains. Open meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones. 2. Allium neomexicanum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 541. 1899. TYPE LOCALITY: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, October 14, 1894. Rance: Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Abiquiu Peak; Laguna Blanca; mountains west of Grant; West Fork of the Gila; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains; Las Huertas Canyon. Open slopes, in the Transition Zone. 3. Allium rhizomatum Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 114. 1913. Tyre Locauity: Gila Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 20, 1900. RanGeE: Known only from the type locality, in the Transition Zone. 4, Allium scaposum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 26. 1840. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘Secus rivulos, Aguas Calientes,’’ Mexico. RanGE: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Sixteen Spring Canyon (Wooton). Transition Zone. Doctor Watson included this species with those having reticulate bulb coats, but all the specimens we have seen (ten or a dozen sheets), including some to which he refers, have scaly bulb coats, the inner ones very thin and white or hyaline, the outer some- what thicker, yet light-colored. His illustration in the Botany of King’s Survey, plate 38, was no doubt made with a compound microscope, since the markings are not visible under a hand lens. The illustration of the flower is excellent. 142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Allium bigelovii S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. pl. 38. J. 8, 9. 1871. TYPE LocALity: Cooks Spring, New Mexico. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona. We have seen no further specimens of this from New Mexico. 6. Allium palmeri 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. pl. 37. f. 10, 11. 1871. Tyre Locauiry: Northwestern New Mexico. Type collected by Palmer. Rance: Southern Utah to northern New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Known only from the northwest corner of the State. Upper Sonoran .Zone. 7. Allium sabulicola Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 539. 1900. Allium arenicola Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 506. 1900, not Small, 1900. Type Locaity: In sandy soil on the bank of the Chama River at Chama, New Mexico. Type collected by Osterhout. Rance: New Mexico. New Mexico: Spirit Lake; West Fork of the Gila; Fitzgerald Cienaga. Wet places in the mountains, from the Transition to the Hudsonian Zone. Our plants all agree in having several whitish ovoid bulblets, ovate acuminate sepals, and reticulated bulbs, but they are in every case much larger plants than the original description indicates. They are certainly not A. rubrum Osterhout and we do not believe that Nelson ! is right in reducing them to A. nuttallii. 8. Allium geyeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 227. 1879. Allium reticulatum var. 8 8. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th’ Par. 5: 486. 1871. Allium dictyotum Greene, Pl. Baker. 1: 52. 1901. TYPE LocaLiry: Stony banks of the Kooskooskie River, Idaho. Rance: New Mexico to British Columbia. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Tierra Amarilla; Sandia Mountains; mountains west of Grants Station; White and Sacramento mountains. Transition and Canadian zones, 9. Allium deserticola (Jones) Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 114. 1913. Allium reticulatum deserticola Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 10: 30. 1902. Type Locatity: ‘‘On the adobe plains of eastern Utah, south of the Uintas and western Colorado and southward to Texas.’’ RanGE: As above; probably also in northern Mexico. New Mexico: Aztec; Carrizalillo Mountains; Organ Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. This is the largest flowered wild onion we have in the State. The perianth segments are pale pinkish to white, with a darker midrib, fading to a dry papery envelope in fruit. The plant occurs with us in the foothills of the more arid mountains. 10. Allium helleri Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 264. 1903. TYPE LOCALITY: Southern Texas. Rance: Nebraska and Colorado to Texas and Arizona. New Mexico: Las Vegas; Winsors Ranch; Bear Mountain; mountains east of Gila River; Copper Mines; Burro Mountains. Plains and low hills, in the Transition Zone. 11. Allium nuttallii 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 227. 1879. Allium mutabile var. 8 S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 487. 1871. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘ Kansas, Texas and New Mexico.” RancGE: Kansas and Colorado to Texas and Arizona. 1 In Coulter, New Man. Rocky Mount. 114. 1909. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 143 New Mexico: Glorieta; West Fork of the Gila; near Fort Defiance; Nara Visa. Low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. DIPTEROSTEMON Rydb. Flowers few, umbellate on unequal rays, bluish purple, broadly funnelform, with a short tube; stamens 6, the inner wing-appendaged. 1. Dipterostemon pauciflorus (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 39: 111. 1912. Brodiaea capitata pauciflora Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 218. 1859. Dichelostemma pauciflorum Standley, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 13: 179. 1910. Tyre Locauity: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico and southern Arizona. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Santa Rita. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. MILLA Cav. Flowers white, the perianth segments with greenish midribs, salverform with a narrowly turbinate tube, usually 2 to each scape; stamens nearly sessile, the anthers fixed by the base; capsules oblong-obovate, sessile. 1. Milla biflora Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 76. pl. 196. 1794. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat in Imperio Mexicano.”’ RANGE: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Animas Valley (Mearns 2513). Low hills. Both this and the preceding plant are well worthy of cultivation and would probably thrive in southern New Mexico. 24, LILIACEAE. Lily Family. Perennial, mainly caulescent herbs, with bulbs or corms; leaves alternate or whorled, sometimes basal or apparently basal; flowers solitary or in terminal racemes, corymbs, or panicles; perianth conspicuous and showy; sepals and petals similar, sometimes partly united; gyncecium of 3 united carpels; ovary superior, 3-celled; styles united; fruit a loculicidal capsule, globular or elongated. KEY TO THE GENERA. Perianth segments united into along tube; flowers white.. 1. Leucocrinum (p. 143). Perianth segments distinct or nearly so; flowers white or colored. Bulbs tunicated; flowers white.......--.----------- 4. Luoypta (p. 144). Bulbs scaly; flowers not white. Flowers large, 6 or 7 cm. long; perianth segments clawed.......-------------------- ....-- 2. Litrum (p. 144). Flowers small, 2 cm. long or less; perianth seg- ments not clawed............------------ 3. Frrivrinuarta (p. 144). 1. LEUCOCRINUM Nutt. Waire MOUNTAIN LILY. Plants acaulescent, with numerous leaves from a short rootstock and a cluster of fleshy roots; flowers few to many from the crown, white, 3 to 5 cm. long. 1. Leucocrinum montanum Nutt.; A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 110. 1848. Typr Loca.ity: ‘‘In planitiebus altis fluminis Platte.”’ Rance: Oregon and South Dakota to Nevada and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Dulce; Raton. Open slopes. 144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. | 2. LILIUM L. Luy. Stems tall, with all but the uppermost leaves scattered; leaves linear-lanceolate; perianth campanulate, showy, reddish orange spotted with purple inside; capsules subcylindric, attenuate at the base. Our species is one of our handsomest native plants. It occurs only occasionally in moist places in the higher mountains. It is well worthy of cultivation and would doubtless do well in gardens at elevations of 2,000 meters or more. 1. Lilium umbellatum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 229. 1814. Inlium montanum A. Nels. Bull. Torrey Club 26: 6. 1899. Lilium philadelphicum montanum Cockerell, Univ. Mo. Stud. Sci. 27: 92. 1911. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri.”’ Range: Ohio to Alberta, south to Arkansas and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Fresnal. Open woods, in the Transition Zone. We are unable to separate Lilium montanum from this, since the characters of the narrowness of the leaves and the number of flowers do not hold for New Mexican material. 3. FRITILLARIA L. Fritimaria. Slender plant 20 to 40 cm. high, with leafy stems, each bearing 1 to 6 flowers; bulbs of numerous thick scales; perianth campanulate, of 6 equal, dull purple segments; styles united to the middle. 1. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 54. 1834. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘On the borders of the Flat-Head river.” RanGE: Oregon and North Dakota to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains ( Matthews). 4. LLOYDIA Salisb. Low plants, 5 to 15 cm. high, with leafy 1-flowered stems; bulbs upon an oblique rhizome, covered by the persistent bases of the leaves; perianth segments spreading, white with purple veins. 1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 527. 1830. An‘hericum serotinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 444, 1762. Lloydia alpina Salish. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 328. 1812. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘In alpibus Angliae, Helvetiae, Taureri rastadiensis, Wallaesiae.”’ Range: Arctic regions southward to Washington and New Mexico; also in the Old World. New Mexico: Hermits Peak; Pecos Baldy; top of Las Vegas Range. Meadows, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. 25. ASPHODELACEAE. Asphodel Family. 1. ANTHERICUM L. A low plant with naked stems (sometimes with 1 or 2 small leaves) from a thick cylindric fleshy-fibrous root; leaves linear, grasslike; flowers yellow, on jointed pedicels; capsules oblong, with several flattened seeds in each cell. 1. Anthericum torreyi Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 318. 1876. Echeandia terniflora angustifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 219. 1859. Hesperanthes torreyi 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 241. 9879. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 145 .TYPE LocaLity: Copper Mines, New Mexico. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona, southward into Mexico. New Mexico: San Ignacio; Hop Canyon; Las Vegas Mountains; Mogollon Moun- tains; Burro Mountains; Black Range; White and Sacramento mountains. Moun- tains, in the Transition Zone. Order 14. AMARYLLIDALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Stamens 6; leaves not 2-ranked ................ 26. AMARYLLIDACEAE (p. 145). Stamens 3; leaves 2-ranked ...........---...-- 27. IRIDACEAE (p. 147). 26. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family. Perennials with bulbs or corms or sometimes with fibrous roots; leaves basal; flowers regular or irregular, solitary or corymbose; andrcecium of 6 stamens inserted on an epigynous disk or at the throat of the tube opposite the sepals and petals; ovary inferior, 3-celled; styles united; fruit a 3-celled capsule or berry. KEY TO THE GENERA. « Leaves spiny-toothed and spine-tipped; plants with elon- ~ gated caudices . 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 1. AGAVE (p. 145). Leaves not spiny-toothed; plants with bulbs............... 2. ATamosco (p. 147). 1. AGAVE L. CENTURY PLANT. Long-lived perennials with a cluster of numerous thick fleshy basal leaves and a tall flower stalk, this either nearly spicate or paniculate and with numerous thick divergent branches; perianth persistent, tubular-funnelform, parted into numerous narrow, nearly equal divisions; anthers linear, versatile; fruit an oblong coriaceous 3-celled capsule containing numerous flat black seeds. Agave americana is an introduced species very common in cultivation in the southern part of the State. Itis the common ‘‘maguey” of the Mexicans, who use the sap taken from the developing flower stalk for making ‘‘pulque,’’ ‘‘ mescal,’’ and ‘‘ tequila.”’ It is not cultivated far north of Las Cruces, and even here the leaves are sometimes frosted in the winter and rarely the whole plant killed. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves not spiny-margined, filiferous, 1 cm. broad or less, taper- ing upward. .....--..---- 2-2 eee eee eee ees 1. A. schottir. Leaves bearing hooked spines along the margins, not filiferous, 4 cm. wide or more, generally broadest about the middle. Leaves few, 10 to 15, 20 to 30 cm. long, yellowish green; panicle with very short branches, spikelike in appear- ANCE... - eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee eens 2. A. lechuguilla. Leaves more numerous, 30 or more, 20 to 100 cm. long, deep green or bluish green, glaucous; panicles with spread- ing longer branches. Stamens inserted near the middle of the corolla tube; leaves deep green, 5 to 12 cm. wide, generally 40 to 60 cm. long, sometimes much longer........... 3. A. palmert. 52576°—15——10 146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla segments; leaves bluish green, glaucous, closely imbricated, broader, 8 to 14 cm. wide, usually 20 to 45 cm. long. Leaves broad, 10 to 14 cm. wide, 30 cm. long or more; panicles large and widely spreading; flowers 8 to9 cm. long. ..........0....00...22200 2 -e 4. A. parryi. Leaves of same relative proportions but smaller, 15 to 20 cm. long and 5 to 8 cm. broad; panicles with few branches; flowers mostly about 6 cm. long... 2.2.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee ees. 5. A, neomericana. 1. Agave schottii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 305. 1875. Agave geminiflora sonorae Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 214. 1859. Type LocALIty: Sierra del Pajarito, southern Arizona. Rance: Southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (Mearns 575). 2. Agave lechuguilla Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 213. 1859. Lecnueuruua. Type Locairy: ‘‘Mountains near El] Paso, and along the Rio Grande downward.”’ Rance: Low hills and dry plains, western Mexico and southern New Mexico and southward, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Miss Mulford reported this from the Organ Mountains as having been collected May 18, 1851. Neither of the writers has seen the plant in this range, but it may occur at the southern end, where little collecting has been done. A single plant from the north end of the Franklin Mountains, just on the boundary between New Mexico and Texas, is growing in the garden at the Agricultural College. It is said to occur along the southern border farther east as well. The species is of economic importance as a fiber plant in northern Mexico, where it is used extensively in making cordage. The short caudex is used as a substitute for soap, one form of the ‘‘amole” found on the market. 3. Agave palmeri Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 319. 1875. TYPE LocaLity: Mountains of southern Arizona, RaNGE: Southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico and southward. New Mexico: Florida Mountains; Cloverdale; San Luis Mountains; Animas Moun- tains; La Luz Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Miss Mulford reports finding a plant of this species a few miles from Fort Bayard, and that must be about its northern limit. 4. Agave parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 311. 1875. Agave americana latifolia Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 213. 1859. Tyre Locautity: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Rana@e: Southern Arizona and New Mexico and southward. New Mexico: Fierro; Big Hatchet Mountains; Lake Valley; Burro Mountains; Florida Mountains; Bear Mountains; 5 miles north of Reserve; Mogollon Creek. Low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. This is the common “‘mescal” of western New Mexico. It has considerable decora- tive value and, while never as large as A. americana, reaches sufficient size to warrant its use in large urns and in other positions in formal gardening. This, like the other larger plants of the genus, was used by the Indians in making mescal. The thick leaves were cooked in large pits made in the ground and lined with stones, which were first fired, then filled with the plant. It is from their preparation of this article of food that the Mescalero Apaches receive their name. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 147 5. Agave neomexicana Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 115. pl. 48, 1913. TyPE Locaity: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley (no. 541). RanGeE: Mountains of southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Organ and San Andreas mountains. 2. ATAMOSCO Adans. ATAMASCO LILY. Low plant with large tunicated bulbs, slender grasslike leaves, and rather large (3 or 4 cm. in diameter) yellow flowers borne singly upon a stout fleshy scape; capsules large and deeply 3-lobed. 1. Atamosco longifolia (Hemsl.) Cockerell, Canad. Ent. 1901: 283. 1901. Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 55. 1880. Type Locatity: New Mexico. Type collected by Wright (no. 1904). Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Mesa near Las Cruces; Lordsburg; Animas Valley. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 27. IRIDACEAE. Iris Family. Perennial, mostly caulescent herbs with bulblike or elongated rootstocks; leaves equitant, 2-ranked; flowers regular or irregular, solitary or in clusters from spathelike bracts; perianth usually showy; sepals and petals often very unlike, distinct, or united below; stamens 3, adnate to the perianth opposite the sepals; gyncecium of 3 united carpels; ovary inferior; styles distinct; fruit a loculicidally 3-valved capsule. KEY TO THE GENERA. Flowers yellow........-.-.-.------ 200-2200 e eee eee eee 1. OREOLIRION (p. 147). Flowers blue or white. Styles ‘alternate with the stamens; leaves narrow, less than 5 mm. wide..................... woteeteee 2. SISYRINCHIUM (p. 147). Styles opposite or ‘arching over the stamens; leaves broad, 10 mm. wide or more...........--.----. 3. Iris (p. 148). 1. OREOLIRION Bicknell. An erect perennial, 25 to 50 cm. high, with flat, grasslike, conspicuously nerved leaves; roots clustered, somewhat fleshy; flowers large, 30 mm. in diameter, yellow; capsules oblong, 12 to 14 mm. high. In general appearance this plant is much like the species of Sisyrinchium, but the yellow flowers enable one to distinguish it readily. 1. Oreolirion arizonicum (Rothr.) Bicknell. Sisyrinchium arizonicum Rothr, Bot. Gaz. 2: 125. 1877. Tyre Locatiry: Willow Spring, Arizona. RanGE: Southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; Black Range. 2. SISYRINCHIUM L. BLUvE-EYeED Grass. Slender perennial grasslike plants with numerous erect leaves, winged stems, and small blue flowers, occurring in the higher mountains in moist meadows and along streams. 148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Outer bracts of the inflorescence about twice as long as the inner... . 1. S. campestre, Outer bracts of about the same length as the inner. Perianth 7 to 10 mm. loag; plants somewhat glaucous, the stems clustered; bracts broad, 10 to 20 mm. long; stems flexuous, often ascending..........-...---.....2200220222--2----. 2. 8. demissum. Perianth 10 to 14 mm. long; plants more slender, bright green, the stems mostly solitary, erect, straight; bracts 16 to 32 mm. long............. 22-222 eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 3. S. occidentale. 1. Sisyrinchium campestre Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 341. 1899. Type Locauity: “ Wisconsin to North Dakota, south to Louisiana, Oklahoma and the mountains of New Mexico.’’ Rance: As under type locality. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sierra Grande; Sacra- mento Mountains. Transition Zone. 2. Sisyrinchium demissum Greene, Pittonia 2: 69. 1890. Tyre LocaLity: “In moist meadows at the base of Bill Williams Mountain Arizona, and also near Flagstaff.’ RanGeE: Arizona to western Kansas. New Mexico: Las Vegas; mountains west of Grants Station; Zuni; Barranca; Mogo- Hon Mountains; Black Range; Chavez; Socorro; White Mountains. Meadows, in the Transition Zone. 3. Sisyrinchium occidentale Bicknell, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 447. 1899. Type Locauity: “Idaho and Nevada to Colorado and North Dakota.’’ RANGE: As under type locality. New Mexico: Near Pecos; Iron Creek, Mogollon Mountains; north of El Vado. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. IRIS L. Buve ruag. Plants 30 to 70 cm. high, with long, flat, somewhat glaucous leaves arising from a thickened rootstock; flowers large, very showy, sweet-scented, pale blue. 1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834. Typr Locauity: “Towards the sources of the Missouri.”’ RanGE: British America south to California, Arizona, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Sierra Grande; Manguitas Spring; Black Range; White and Sacramento mountains. Meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones. Order 15. ORCHIDALES. 28. ORCHIDACEAE. Orchis Family. Herbaceous plants, perennial by bulbs or thickened roots, sometimes parasitic; leaves entire, from mere sheathing bracts to broadly ovate; flowers sometimes con- spicuous, in ours usually small, of bizarre forms especially adapted to insect pollina- tion; corolla of two similar lateral petals and a third (the lip or labellum) very different one, this frequently spurred or saccate; stamens gynandrous, with usually only one anther; pollen in small coherent masses (pollinia); ovary inferior; fruit a capsule. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 149 KEY TO THE GENERA. Anthers 2; lip a large inflated sack.................2... 1. Cypripepium (p. 149). Anthers only one; lip various in different genera. Flowers solitary, scapose.............-.e0-+eeeeeee 2. CYTHEREA (p. 150). Flowers several, racemose or spicate. Plants without green leaves; stems glandular- pubescent. ...........2...22..2.22000-- 3. CoRALLORHIZA (p. 150). Plants with green leaves; stems not glandular (except in Peramium), usually glabrous. Leaves rosulate; stems very short.......... 4. Peramium (p. 150). Leaves not rosulate, scattered along the stems; stems 10 cm. long or more. Leaves 1 or 2. Leaves 1, elliptic to oval; racemes many-flowered; flowers ma- roon or green............... 5, ACHROANTHES (p. 151). Leaves 2, opposite, reniform; ra- cemes laxly few-flowered; flowers greenish............ 6. Opurys (p. 152). Leaves several. Inflorescence loosely racemose; flowers few, large, 25 to 35 mm. long; capsules reflexed. 7. Eprpactis (p. 152). Inflorescence spicate, strict; flowers numerous, small, 10 to 18 mm. long; capsules erect. Spikes twisted; spur wanting..10. [smrum (p. 154). Spikes not twisted; spur present. Lip bifid; bracts of in- florescence very conspicuous........ 8. COELOGLossuUM (p. 152). Lip entire; bracts of in- florescence usually not very conspicu- OUS.......---------- 9. Limnorcuis (p. 152). 1. CYPRIPEDIUM L. Lapy’s-sLipPER. Broad-leaved plants arising from thickened fascicled roots; flowers usually solitary, on long peduncles, showy, bright yellow, with purple spots on the saccate lower petal. 1. Cypripedium veganum Cockerell & Barker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 14: 178. 1901. ' TypPr Locauity: Sapello Canyon, Las Vegas Range, New Mexico. RanaeE: Mountains of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Cloudcroft. Damp woods, in the Canadian and Hudsonian zones. The dried specimens from New Mexico agree with Colorado material collected by Baker and by Coulter and referred to C. pubescens Willd., but these are slightly different from C. pubescens material from the Eastern States. It is likely that the plant of the Rocky Mountains is C. veganum. The specimen in the National Museum deposited by Professor Cockerell disagrees with his description in two particulars: neither leaves nor stems are glabrous, but both 150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. are sparsely and coarsely pubescent though not glandular; and the leaves are entirely too broad to be called less than elliptic-lanceolate. The specimen shows only three upper leaves. Specimens collected both by Standley and by Snow show the lower leaves as elliptic. The writers have heard fairly reliable reports of the occurrence of another species of Cypripedium in the mountains east of Santa Fe. The plant has been observed in Santa Fe Canyon and in the mountains east of the Pecos. It is said to have a white lip splotched with purple. We have been unable to procure material of it, and it is possible that the plant belongs to some other genus. 2. CYTHEREA Salisb. Catypso. A low herb, 10 to 15 cm. high, with a single showy rose-colored nodding flower at the end of a slender bracted stem; bracts narrowly oblong, clasping, acuminate; single radical leaf broadly elliptic, with numerous veins. 1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 382. 1905. Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. Pl. 951. 1753. Calypso borealis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 89. 1806. Cytherea borealis Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 301. 1812. Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Vt. Pl. 28. 1842. Type Loca.ity: “In Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria.’’ Rance: Alaska and British America, south to Maine, Michigan, and New Mexico; also in Europe and Asia. New Mexico: Hermits Peak; Winsor Creek; Sandia Mountains. Deep woods. 8. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Cora. roor, Stems stout, simple, erect, from a cluster of coral-like rootstocks (whence the generic name); leaves represented only by membranous sheaths; whole plant without green coloring matter; flowers purplish, the white lip usually spotted with purple. Our species are found only in moist, shaded, usually cool woods, where they are very striking because of the absence of green coloring. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spur present at the summit of the ovary; uP 3-lobed..............- 1. C. multiflora. Spur absent; lip entire...................2.2.2 2.202222 eee ee eee 2. C. vreelandii. 1. Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 3: 138. pl. 7. 1823. Corallorhiza grabhami Cockerell, Torreya 8: 140. 1903. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ From New England to Carolina.”’ Rance: Alaska and British America to Florida and California. New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Harveys Upper Ranch; Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; East Canyon, In woods, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Corallorhiza vreelandii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 271. 1901. Type LocaLity: Veta Mountains, Colorado. RanGe: Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon; Sandia Mountains. Reported from the vicinity of Pecos by Professor Cockerell, the specimens identi- fied by Rydberg. Metcalfe’s 1513 from the Black Range seems to represent another and possibly undescribed species. Our material is entirely insufficient for diagnosis. 4. PERAMIUM Salish. RatrrLesNaKE PLANTAIN. Low plants, 10 to 25 cm. high, with basal rosettes of somewhat fleshy, often varie- gated, ovate or oblong-ovate leaves; flowers on a stout scape, this glandular-viscid, twisted; flowers whitish, small; roots somewhat fleshy. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 151 KEY TO THE SPECIES. Lip of the corolla evidently saccate, the margins recurved; plants low, 10 to 14 cm. high; leaves 20 to 25 mm. long............. 1. P. ophioides. Lip scarcely saccate, the margins incurved; plants taller, 15 to 30 cm. high; leaves 40 to 60 mm. long...........-.----------- 2. P. decipiens. 1. Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. in Britton, Man. 302. 1901. Goodyera ophioides Fernald, Rhodora 1: 6. 1899. Type Locatiry: Not definitely stated. RanGe: British America to New Mexico, South Dakota, and North Carolina. New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Upper Pecos. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. 2. Peramium decipiens (Hook.) Piper, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 11: 208. 1906. Spiranthes decipiens Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 203. 1839. Goodyera menziesii Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. 492. 1840. Peramium menziesii Morong, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 124. 1894. Type Locatity: Lake Huron. Rance: British America to New York, New Mexico, and California. New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Harveys Upper Ranch; Sandia Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. The two species grow together, and one is likely to be overlooked because of its similarity in general appearance to the other. 5. ACHROANTHES Raji. ADDER’S MOUTH. Low herbs from solid bulbs, with 1 or 2 leaves and 1 to several scales at the base of the stem; flowers small, green or purplish, in a terminal raceme or spike; sepals spreading, separate; petals filiform or linear, spreading; lip cordate or auriculate at the base. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers greenish, in a very dense spike; divisions of the perianth oblong or oblong-lanceolate to ovate .......-....---..------- 1. A. montana. Flowers purplish, in a loosely flowered spike; divisions of the peri- anth linear or linear-lanceolate. ............--.------------ 2. A. porphyrea. 1. Achroanthes montana (Rothr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 183. 1891. Microstylis montana Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U.S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 264. 1878. Type LocaLiry: Mount Graham, Arizona, at an elevation of 2,800 meters. Rance: In the mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Gallinas Planting Station (Bartlett 324). Deep woods, in the Cana- dian Zone. This is a considerable extension of range for the species. Heretofore it has been known in the United States only from Arizona. Specimens in the National Herbarium are from Mount Graham and the Rincon and Huachuca Mountains of that State. 2. Achroanthes porphyrea (Ridley) Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 116. 1913. Microstylis purpurea 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 195. 1883, not Lind]. 1840. Microstylis porphyrea Ridley, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 320. 1888. Achroanthes purpurea Greene, Pittonia 2: 184. 1891. Type Locality: In Tanners Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona. Rance: Mountains of southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Cloudcroft ( Wooton). 152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. OPHRYS L. TwaysLape. Stems slender and delicate, 10 to 20 cm. high, from fibrous creeping roots; flowers small, greenish, in few-flowered racemes; leaves 2, opposite, reniform, thin, near the top of the stem. 1. Ophrys nephrophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 610. 1905. Tastera nephrophylla Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900. TYPE LOCALITY: Spanish Basin, Montana, Rance: Alaska and Oregon to Montana and New Mexico. New Mexico: Horsethief Canyon; Upper Pecos. Damp woods, in the Canadian - and Hudsonian zones. 7. EPIPACTIS R. Br. HeEtuEesorine. A rather tall coarse-leaved plant from a creeping rootstock; inflorescence racemose; flowers few, pediceled, conspicuously bracteate; capsule reflexed at maturity. 1. Epipactis gigantea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 202. pl. 202. 1839. Tyre tocauity: “‘N. W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky mountains.”’ Ranae: Washington and California to Texas. New Mexico: Mimbres; Grand Canyon of the Gila; Mangas Springs. Damp woods, in the Transition Zone. 8. COELOGLOSSUM Hartman. BracTEeD oRcHIs. Stems erect, rather stout, succulent, from a bifid fusiform tuber; leaves oblong- elliptic to lanceolate, the lower obtuse, the upper acute; inflorescence a few-flowered spike with conspicuous lanceolate spreading bracts. 1. Coeloglossum bracteatum (Willd.) Parl. Fl. Ital. 3: 409. 1858. Orchis bracteata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 34. 1805. Habenaria bracteata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 192. 1813. Type Loca.iry: ‘‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: British America south to North Carolina and New Mexico. New Mexico: Hillsboro Peak; Upper Pecos River; Winsors Ranch, Cold woods, 9. LIMNORCHIS Rydb. Boe orcuis. Erect herbaceous perennials, with succulent greenish stems arising from elongated rootlike tubers and bearing slender, more or less crowded spikes of inconspicuous greenish or white flowers, The plants occur in cool, moist situations in shaded thickets in rich soil. They have usually been referred to the genus Habenaria and are so treated in the latest revision of the genus.' We prefer the treatment of Doctor Rydberg,? which is followed here so far as it relates to New Mexican species. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Leaves short, 3 to 7 cm. long, the lowest usually largest......... 1, L. brevifolia. Leaves much longer, 8 to 20 cm, long, the lowest shorter than thos? along the middle of the stem. Flowers white or nearly so; spur and lip various. Lip linear, not at all dilated at the base, 8 mm. long; spur over 10 mm. long; spike long, lax, slender... 4. L. sparsiflora. 1 Ames, Oakes. Studies in the family Orchidaceae, fasc. 4. 2 Rydberg, P. A. The American species of Limnorchis and Piperia north of Mexico. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 605. 1901. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 153 Lip lanceolate, dilated at the base; spur various, Spur about equaling the short lip................2. 6. L. borealis. Spur nearly two-thirds longer than the rather long 1 2. L. thurberi. Flowers greenish or purplish; spur shorter than or about equaling the lip, this lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long. Petals purplish; spur one-half to two-thirds as long as the lip, conspicuously saccate, slightly curved... 5, L, purpurascens. Petals greenish; spur almost equaling the lip, clavate, CULV... 2. eee e cece cece eee e cece cece ceeeceeeceeece ov L, viridiflora, Mr. Ames refers a specimen collected on the Pecos River, August 6, 1898 (G. E. Coghill 147), to L. dilatata, Doctor Rydberg cites a specimen of L, ensifolia from Silver City, collected in 1880 by E, L. Greene. We have seen neither of these speci- mens, J. dilatata is a northeastern species, ranging only as far west as Nebraska, excluding the specimen mentioned. ZL. ensifolia is closely related to L, sparsifolia, and is reported from the same region; it differs in having a shorter and denser spike, the upper sepals larger, and the bracts shorter and broader; its leaves are noticeably different in shape in material we have seen. 1. Limnorchis brevifolia (Greene) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 631. 1901. Habenaria brevifolia Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. 1881. Type Locauity: “In dry ground under Pinus ponderosa, Pinos Altos Mts.,’’ New Mexico. Type collected by Greene (no, 369). Ranae: Mountains of southern New Mexico, southward into Mexico. New Mexico: Pinos Altos Mountains; White Mountains; Iron Creek; Sacramento Mountains, Canadian and Transition zones, 2. Limnorchis thurberi (A. Gray) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 624. 1901. Habenaria thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 389. 1868. Type Locaity: Arizona, Ranae: California and Arizona to the mountains of western New Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Creek (Metcalfe 282). 3. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 616. 1901. Habenaria borealis viridiflora Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 616. 1828. Tyre Locauity: ‘Unalascha.”’ Rance: Alaska, southward to the mountains of Colorado and New Mexico, east- ward to Nebraska and South Dakota, _ New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains. Canadian Zone, 4. Limnorchis sparsiflora (S. Wats.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 631. 1901. Habenaria sparsiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 276. 1877. Type Locauity: “Common in the Sierra Nevada and mountains of Northern California.”’ Rance: Oregon and California to the mountains of western New Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains (Rusby 399, in part). Mr, Ames refers to this species a specimen from ‘‘spring at Twin Sisters near Silver City.’”? This may be the L, ensifolia Rydb., reported from New Mexico. 5. Limnorchis purpurascens Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 269. 1901. Typr LocaLity: Iron Mountain, Colorado, Rance: Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains. 154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Limnorchis borealis (Cham.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 621. 1901. Habenaria borealis Cham. Linnaea 8: 28. 1828. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Unalaschka.’’ RanGE: Alaska to Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6643). Bogs, in the Transition and Canadian zones, 10. IBIDIUM Salisb. Stems erect, from tuberous roots, bearing few leaves near the base; flowers small, white, spurless, spicate, the spikes twisted; sepals and petals all more or less connivent into a hood. 1. Ibidium strictum (Rydb.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 82: 381. 1905. iyrostachys stricta Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900. TYPE LocALITY: Indian Creek, Montana, Rance: Alaska and Newfoundland to Pennsylvania, California, and northern New Mexico, New Mexico: Costilla Valley (Wooton). Bogs. Subclass DICOTYLEDONES. Order 16. PIPERALES. 29. SAURURACEAE. Lizard’s-tail Family. 1. ANEMOPSIS Hook. YERBA MANSA. Perennial herb with long stolons; leaves subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong, pellucid-punctate, petioled, mostly basal; flowers very small, crowded on a simple involucrate conic spadix; involucral bmcts petal-like, white; ovary solitary, immersed in the rachis; seeds oblong, puncticulate. 1. Anemopsis californica Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey Voy. 390. pl. 92. 1841. Houttuynia californica Benth. & Hook.; 8S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 483. 1880. TypPE Locauity: California. RanGE: California to Utah and New Mexico, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Mogollon Mountains; Mangas Springs; Berendo Creek; Belen; Rincon; Dog Spring; Mesilla Valley; above Tularosa. Wet alkaline meadows, chiefly in the Lower Sonoran Zone. The plants form large and conspicuous patches in wet places, especially in alka- line soil. The form found in New Mexico, Arizona, and Chihuahua differs from the typical Californian plant in being smaller and nearly or quite glabrous, and in hav- ing the involucral bracts shorter than the spadix. Order 17. SALICALES. 30. SALICACEAE. Willow Family. Trees or shrubs with simple alternate deciduous leaves; flowers dicecious, in cat- kins; bracts of the aments scalelike; perianth none; stamens 1 to several; ovary 1-celled; stigmas 2; fruit a small capsule; seeds very numerous, small, comose. KEY TO THE GENERA. Bracts incised; disk cup-shaped; stamens numerous; winter buds with several scales..........-.................... 1. Popunus (p. 155). Bracts entire; disk represented by one or two small glands; stamens few, generally less than 5; winter buds with a single scale...... 2.2... 200 2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 2. Saux (p. 156). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 155 1. POPULUS L. Corronwoop. Trees with rough light-colored bark and scaly resinous buds; leaves usually long- petioled, somewhat coriaceous, with prominent veins; flowers in pendulous aments, appearing before the leaves; seeds with a conspicuous white coma (the ‘‘cotton”). This is the genus containing the common cottonwoods of the State and the less well known aspen or ‘‘quaking asp” of the higher mountains. They are all rather short- lived trees and grow in stations where the soil is at least moderately wet, preferring the broad river valleys, where one species (P. wisiizent) is almost the only tree, or locations besides mountain streams or springs. The aspen is a characteristic plant of the Canadian Zone. Three of the species here mentioned are used more or less extensively and effectively as shade trees, and might well be used a great deal more. The wood of all species is light and spongy and not valuable for posts or firewood, although frequently used for these purposes for lack of something better. The silver-leaf poplar (Populus alba), the Lombardy poplar (P. italica), and the Carolina poplar (P. deltoides) are cultivated in many localities in the State, and prove very satisfactory, though short-lived, shade trees. Doctor Britton states that P. mezi- cana 8. Wats. occurs in New Mexico, but we have seen no material like the Mexican plant. . KEY TO THE SPECIES. Petioles flattened laterally; leaves broad, deltoid to rotund. Leaves broadly ovate to rotund, abruptly short-acuminate, 3 to 5 cm. long and broad, paler beneath; small tree of the high mountains. ..............-----------+----2--------- 1. P. aurea, Leaves broadly deltoid, acuminate, 5 to 8 cm. long and 6 to 10 cm. broad, of the same color on both surfaces; large tree of the lower valleys...................-.-.---+---- 2. P. wislizeni. Petioles terete, or channeled on the upper surface; leaves narrower, ovate to narrowly lanceolate. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. broad, rather coarsely crenate, both surfaces of the same 6) 0) 3. P. acuminata. Leaves broadly to narrowly lanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long and 2 to4cm. wide, finely serrate with blunt teeth, much paler beneath.........0..- eee eee eee eee eee eee eee e eens 4. P.angustifolia 1. Populus aurea Tidestrom, Amer. Mid. Nat. 2: 35. 1911. QUAKING ASPEN, Populus tremuloides aurea Daniels, Univ. Mo. Stud. Sci. 2?: 98. 1911. TYPE LOcALITy: Vicinity of Mount Carbon, Colorado. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona to British America. New Mexico: Common in all the higher mountain ranges. Canadian Zone. The aspen is a slender, white-barked tree found along streams and on cool slopes of the mountains, or in shaded canyons, associated with firs and spruces, occasionally forming pure forests covering small areas. It is the first tree to take possession of burned areas, cgmpletely covering them before the conifers establish themselves. In pure stands the trees are usually very close together, and, the trees being short-lived, such forests soon become a dense tangle of fallen timber. The foliage is thin and scanty, and notwithstanding the number of trees their shade is never dense. 2. Populus wislizeni (S. Wats.) Sarg. Man. Trees N. Amer. 165. 1905. VALLEY COTTONWOOD. Populus fremontit wislizent 8. Wats. Amer. Journ. Sci. TIT. 15: 3. 1878. Type Locauity: ‘‘From 8. California to the Rio Grande.”’ RanGeE: Colorado to western Texas and northern Mexico. 156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Santa Fe; Zuni; Mogollon Mountains; Burro Mountains; Black Range; Deming; Socorro; Mesilla Valley; above Tularosa. Along the larger streams, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The common “valley cottonwood,”’ as it is called by those who are acquainted with the ‘“‘mountain cottonwood,”’ is perhaps the best known tree of the State. It is doubt- less the most common shade tree of New Mexico, being used almost everywhere. It is very common along the broad flood plains of the Rio Grande and the San Juan, where it forms ‘‘bosques” of considerable extent. Besides its use as firewood and for fence posts, straight trunks are used by the Mexicans for the ‘‘vigas” or rafters of their houses. When stripped of their bark, the trees do not decay rapidly. 3. Populus acuminata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 20: 50. 1893. Tyrr Locatiry: Carter Canyon, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. RanGE: Montana to New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Farmington; near Alma; mountains west of San Antonio; Cliff; Fort Bayard; Dog Spring; Kingston; Deming. Canyons and river valleys, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This species grows in situations similar to those in which P. wislizeni is found, besides extending farther up into the mountains. At Deming and Silver City it is used as a shade tree along with the valley cottonwood and is probably equally valu- able for that purpose. 4. Populus angustifolia James in Long, Exped. 1: 497. 1823. . MouNTAIN COTTONWOOD. TyPE LocALITy: Rocky Mountains. Range: British America to Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico. New Mexico: Common in all the mountain ranges from the Black Range, Organ Mountains, and White Mountains northward. Canyons and along streams, in the Transition and Upper Sonoran zones. The mountain cottonwood or ‘‘ narrow-leaved cottonwood ” grows naturally in the mountains along streams, sometimes attaining a great size. It is also common along the valley of the San Juan in San Juan County. It is a rapid grower like its con- geners, and is worthy of much more extensive use than has so far been accorded it. 2. SALIX L. Wi.ow. Shrubs or small trees, from a few centimeters to several meters high; leaves from narrowly linear to short-elliptic or obovate; flowers in aments, appearing before or with the leaves; perianth a single scale; stamens few; pistil single, with a gland at the base of the ovary, the stigma short; fruit a capsule, containing numerous very small hairy seeds. The plants of this genus occur at all levels in the State, but are always found where the ground water is abundant and near the surface during the growing season. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves usually only about 3 times as long as broad, elliptic-oval to obovate, never narrowly lanceolate or-linear; capsules hairy (except in S. monticola). Styles obsolete, or less than 0.5 mm. long. Alpine plants less than 10 cm. high. ..........-.-.-.-- 1. S. savimontana. Small trees or shrubs, much more than 10 cm. high, at , middle elevations in the mountains. Aments slender, lax; scales pale; stigmas very short; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute............ 2. S. bebbiana. = WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 157 Aments stout, dense; scales dark; stigmas long, slender; leaves obovate, obtuse or abruptly acute... 2.2... eee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 3 Styles elongated, 1 mm. long or more. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, bright green; aments closely sessile... .......-2.2--2--02- eee eee eee eee 4 Leaves pubescent, sometimes sparingly so; aments on leafy stems. . S. scouleriana. . 8. chlorophylia, Capsules glabrous. .._-..---------------- eee eee 7. S. monticola. Capsules tomentose. Leaves glabrate on the upper surface, densely sericeous beneath. .....--.....--.-+..- 20 Leaves pubescent on both surfaces, not densely sericeous beneath. Plants 40 to 150 cm. high. ............... 6 Plants less than 10 cm. high..... eaceceaes 5 Leaves several times as long as broad, linear to elongate-lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate; capsules glabrous (or weakly villous in nos. 10, 11, 12). . Scales not pale yellow, mostly brownish and persistent. Leaves broadly lanceolate; young branches not glaucous; capsules distinctly pedicellate...........--..--- 8 Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate; young branches very glaucous; capsules subsessile............... 9 Scales pale yellow, deciduous. Stamens 2, hairy below; leaves more or less canescent, linear, remotely denticulate, or sometimes entire; capsules more or less hairy. Capsules 3 to 4 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, finely pubescent............----.---------- 12 Capsules 5 to 7 mm. long, glabrate; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long. Leaves bright green and glabrate, at least above, denticulate; capsules 7 mm. long, on long pedicels. .......-.----------0---- 10 Leaves canescent, entire or sometimes denti- culate; capsules smaller, 5 mm. long, on a short pedicel or sessile. Capsules sessile.......----------.-.------ Il. Capsules stipitate....-.----.------------ 18 Stamens 3 or more, hairy below; leaves bright green above, lanceolate, finely serrulate; capsules pubescent or glabrous. Petioles and leaf blades glandular. Leaves long-acuminate, only slightly paler beneath, thin. ....-..-..-..........-.18 Leaves short-acuminate, glaucous beneath, somewhat coriaceous. ......-...-------- 14 Petioles and leaf blades not glandular. Leaves paler beneath. Capsules short-stipitate; stamens usually Bo eee ee eee eee eee 17 Capsules long-stipitate; stamens 5 to 9....19 . S. subcaerulea, . S. glaucops. . S. petrophila. . S. cordata wat- sont. . 8. irrorata. . S. taxifolia. . S. fluviatilis. S. exigua. . S. argophefila. . 8S. fendleriana. . &. lasiandra. . S. bonplandiana. . S. amygdaloides, 158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves of the same color on both surfaces. Leaves long-lanceolate; a compact, spread- ing tree... 22.22.2222. eee ee eee 16. S. nigra. Leaves shorter; a straggling tree or shrub. .15. S. wrightit. 1. Salix saximontana Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 261. 1899. Typ. LocaLity: Grays Peak, Colorado. Rance: New Mexico to Montana and westward. New Mexico: Taos Mountains; Truchas Peak. Alpine summits, in the Arctic- Alpine Zone. A densely cespitose plant, less than 10 cm. high, with small, elliptic, obtuse or acute, entire leaves, these green above, glaucous beneath, on slender petioles. In New Mexico known only from the tops of the highest peaks in the northern part of the State. 2. Salix bebbiana Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895. Salix perrostrata Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 163. 1901. Type LocaLtty: British America. Rance: From New Mexico northward and eastward. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton; Catskill; El Rito Creek; Chama; Zuni Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Along streams in the mountains at middle elevations, in the Transition Zone. 8. Salix scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 145. 1839. Salix flavescens Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 65. 1842. Salix nuttallii Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘North West America, on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler. Fort Vancouver. Tolmie.”’ Rance: New Mexico to Alberta and westward. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Sierra Grande; Beulah; Zuni Mountains; Eagle Peak; Black Range; Magdalena Mountains; Cloudcroft. Along mountain streams, in the Transition and Canadian zones. Similar to the next in appearance, but the leaves of a different shape and the charac- ters of the inflorescence conspicuously different. It comes into our range from the west, while S. bebbtana comes into New Mexico from the east. 4. Salix chlorophylla Anderss. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 6: 138. 1867. TYPE LOCALITY: Western Canada. Rance: New Mexico, Utah, and California and northward. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; top of Las Vegas Range; Taos Mountains. In the higher mountains, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. A low branching shrub, only a few, often not more than two decimeters high; leaves thin, elliptic-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, usually entire and acute, paler and slightly glaucous beneath. 5. Salix petrophila Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1899. Salix arctica petraea Anderss. in DC. Prodr. 16: 287. 1864. Type Locatity: ‘In summis Rocky Mountains.”’ Rance: New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, and northward. New Mexico: Truchas Peak; Taos Mountains. Among rocks on alpine summits, in the Arctic-Alpine Zone. A low, creeping plant, 10 cm. high or less, with glabrous, yellowish or brown stems and elliptic, green leaves 3 cm. long or less, found only on very high peaks in the northern part of the State. 6. Salix glaucops Anderss. in DC. Prodr. 16: 281. 1868. Salix seemanit Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 164. 1901. Salix wyomingensis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 271. 1901. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 159 TypE Locauity: Rocky Mountains, Rance: New Mexico to Canada, and westward. New Mexico: Taos Mountains; Upper Pecos River. Boggy places in the high mountains, in the Hudsonian Zone. A low shrub, 40 to 150 cm. high, known in New Mexico only from the tops of high mountains in the northern part on the State. 7. Salix monticola Bebb in Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 336. 1885. Salix padophylla Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 499. 1901. Type Loca.ity: Golden, Colorado. Rance: New Mexico to Alberta. New Mexico: Santa Ie and Las Vegas mountains, Athigh levelsin the mountains, in the Transition and Canadian zones, A shrub 3 to 6 meters high, with reddish brown, glabrous stems and elliptic-oblong to broadly oblanceolate leaves 5 to 7 cm. long. It comes into our region from the north and is now known only from the mountains between Santa Fe and Las Vegas. 8. Salix cordata watsoni Bebb in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 86. 1880. Salix flava Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 28: 273. 1901. Salix watsonit Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 157. 1906. Type Locairy: Near Carson City, Nevada. Rance: Rocky Mountains, westward to the Pacific coast. New Mexico: Pecos; Atarque de Garcia; White Mountains. Along streams, in the Transition Zone. 9. Salix irrorata Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 15: 117. 1858. Typs tocauity: ‘Hab..in Mexico nova.’”’ Type collected by Fendler, probably about Santa Fe (no, 812), Ranae: Western Texas to southwestern Arizona, northward to Colorado, New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Zuni; Sandia Mountains; San Mateo Mountains; Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Fort Bayard; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains; White Mountains, Transition Zone. This is one of two very common shrubby willows found beside mountain streams at middle elevations almost throughout the State. Rarely it takes the form of a low tree, but it is usually a shrub 3 to 4 meters high or less. The catkins appear before the leaves, from rather large buds borne on glaucous stems, and are closely followed by short, narrowly elliptic-oblong leaves, 2 or 3 cm. long. The summer foliage con- sists of numerous, thin, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, abruptly acute, entire or serrate leaves 15 cm. long or less, dark green above and very glaucous beneath. The stems may retain their glaucous coat, but are usually brown, 10. Salix fluviatilis Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 73. 1842. Salix interior Rowlee, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 273, 1900. Salix linearifolia Rydb, in Britton, Man. 316, 1901. Type Locauitry: ‘‘The immediate border of the Oregon a little below its confluence with the Wahlamet,”’ Ranae: Idaho to New Mexico, eastward across the continent; not common in the Rocky Mountain region. New Mexico: Fort Bayard (Blumer 124). Upper Sonoran Zone. Very rare in our range, most of the specimens that have been referred here belong- ing, probably, to S, exigua, 11. Salix exigua Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 75. 1842. SANDBAR WILLOW. Salix stenophylla Rydb. Bull, Torrey Club 28: 271, 1901. Type Locauity: “Territory of Oregon.”’ Rance: Rocky Mountain Region and westward. 160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. New Mexico: Farmington; Tierra Amarilla; Tunitcha Mountains; Santa Fe; Pecos; Magdalena; Gila; Kingston; near Carlisle; White Mountains; Organ Mountains; Mesilla Valley. Common along streams, from the Lower Sonoran to- the Transition Zone. Salix thurbert Rowlee is a form with longer leaves that are noticeably dentate. In our opinion it is not essentially different from S. exigua as defined above. This is the common shrubby willow which grows in sandy soil, on ditch banks, and to some extent beside streams, in the mountains at the lower levels throughout the State. It is exceedingly variable in the size of the leaves and the degree of pub- escence of the whole plant. The leaves are always narrowly linear and acute. The Indians and Mexicans use the stripped branches in basketry. 12. Salix taxifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 22. 1817. Tyre Locautry: ‘‘Coliturin hortis Mexicani, Queretari, Zelayae, alt. 900-1200 hex.” Range: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Deer Creek (Goldman 1441). Closely related to S. exigua, but with shorter leaves and very pubescent capsules. It is known to us only from a single specimen from the extreme southwestern corner of the State. 13. Salix fendleriana Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 15: 115. 1858. Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab, in Mexico nova,.”” Type collected by Fendler, probably about Santa Fe (no. 816). Range: Northern New Mexico, northward and westward to the Pacific Coast, New Mexico: Nutritas Creek below Tierra Amarilla (Eggleston 6634, 6637). Transition Zone. The species seems to be much more abundant farther north. 14. Salix lasiandra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1849. WESTERN BLACK WILLOW, Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Ad flumen Sacramento,’’ California. Rance: Western and northern New Mexico to California, and northward. New Mexico: Chama; Santa ae Canyon; north of Ramah; Mogollon Mountains. Transition Zone. This is one of the two shrubby willows found along the borders of mountain streams at middle elevations. The stems are brown and shining; the leaves are somewhat coriaceous, resembling a cottonwood leaf, almost perfectly lanceolate, acuminate, finely serrate, shining dark green above and pale or somewhat glaucous beneath, 8 to 12 cm. long. It is sometimes associated with S. irrorata, but our material shows it only from the western and northern parts of the State. 15. Salix wrightii Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 15: 115. 1858. Type Locauity: “‘Hab. in Nova Mexico.’’ The type is Wright’s 1877 and did not come from New Mexico but from the banks of the Rio Grande, in Texas or Chihua- hua, or from Lake Santa Maria, Chihuahua. Rance: From New Mexico southward into western Texas and Chihuahua, west- ward to Arizona and Sonora. New Mexico: Cross L, Ranch; Albuquerque; Socorro; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; Roswell, Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. The species is the common narrow-leaved willow tree of New Mexico. It occurs mostly along water courses (or near acequias or flooded bottoms) at the lower levels. The mature leaves are light green, of about the same color on both surfaces, narrowly lanceolate, with numerous small teeth. Small, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute leaves appear with the flowers. The trunk is sometimes 20 cm. in diameter and is covered with rough gray bark. The branches are slender, greenish yellow, and not reflexed, even on old trees, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 161 16. Salix nigra Marsh. Arb. Amer 139. 1785. Brack WILLOW. TYPE Locauity: North America. RANGE: California to Colorado and New Mexico, and eastward. New Mexico: Gila; Dog Spring; Emory Spring; Grant County; White Sands. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. It is very probable that further study of what is here considered S. nigra in New Mexico will show that it belongs to S. wrightii, which is the common plant of the type. The leaves of our specimens are firmer than those of the eastern form and usually broader. 17. Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 24. pl. 101, 102. 1817. TYPE LocaALity: ‘‘In Regno Mexicano, locis opacatis prope Moran, Cabrera, Omitlan et Pachuca, alt. 1270-1350 hexap.”’ Rance: Arizona and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: San Luis Mountains (Mearns 2189, 2434). 18. Salix argophylla Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 71. 1842. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the Boise River, toward its junction with the Shoshonee,”’ Idaho. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Shiprock; Reserve. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. With us a shrub 2 to 3 meters high, 19. Salix amygdaloides Anderss. Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 53. 1858. Type LocaLity: Fort Pierre, South Dakota. RanGE: British Columbia and Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and Oregon. New Mexico: Shiprock; Farmington. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This becomes a tree 10 meters high. 20. Salix subcaerulea Piper, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 400. 1900. Saliz covillei Eastwood, Zoe 5: 80. 1900. Salix pachnophora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 402. 1904. Type Locatity: Powder River Mountains, in wet meadows near the head of Eagle Creek, Oregon. RanGeE: Oregon and Montana to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Along Willow Creek, Rio Arriba County (Standley 6702). Along streams and in wet meadows, in the Transition and Canadian zones. A tree 5 meters high or less. Order 18. JUGLANDALES. 31. JUGLANDACEAE. Walnut Family. A small family of large or small trees and large shrubs, of considerable economic importance on account of the value of their wood for various purposes and because of their edible seeds generally called ‘‘nuts”; leaves pinnately compound, the leaflets mostly large; flowers moncecious, the sterile flowers in catkins, the fertile solitary or few together in short spikes. The family contains the well known black walnut and the English walnut of com- merce, the hickory nut, and the pecan. Only a single genus occurs native in our range, but the pecan is cultivated in a few localities. 52576°—15. 11 162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. JUGLANS L. Wat.nut. Strong-scented trees or shrubs; buds few-scaled or naked; flowers in simple pendu- lous catkins from the branches of the previous year; calyx 3 to 6-cleft; stamens 12 to 40, with short filaments; styles 2, short; fruit drupaceous, the exocarp fibrous-fleshy, indehiscent, the endocarp and irregularly roughened ‘‘nut” with an edible embryo. There are at least two species of Juglans in New Mexico and possibly a third. The two do not occur together so far as any records show or as we know. The small bushy species occurs only in the southeastern part of the State in the Lower Sonoran Zone, while the tree grows in the mountains, mostly in the Transition or just at the top of the Upper Sonoran Zone. Mr. O. B. Metcalfe once collected some nuts from a tree in the mountains of the western part of the State which were much larger than those of either of the species mentioned here. These were not accompanied by any other material, so that we are unable to characterize the species. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Large shrub 4 to 6 meters high, branching from the ground, rarely if ever with a noticeable trunk...............02.2.-0220-eceeeee 1. J. rupestris. Tree 8 meters high or more, with a trunk often 3 meters high and 30 to 50 cm. in diameter...............0. 02 eee ce eee cece eeeeee 2. J. major. 1. Juglans rupestris Engelm. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufii & Colo. 171. f. 15. 1854. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘New Mexico.” Rance: Western Texas and southeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Guadalupe Mountains; east slope of the Sacramento Mountains; Pecos Valley. Along streams, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This walnut is a large branching shrub, in New Mexico usually less than 5 meters high, with several stems from one root, branched down to the ground. Itis not uncom- mon along the Pecos and its tributaries in the southeastern part of the State and may go some distance back up the tributaries toward the mountains. It is common on the Pecos and the Devils River in western Texas, where it reaches a larger size but still retains the shrubby habit. Its leaflets (6 to 12 pairs) are lanceolate, acuminate, sub- falcate, with oblique bases, entire or with relatively few teeth which are rendered more inconspicuous because the margin is revolute. It has been confused with the other New Mexican species by many writers and collectors, although Doctor Torrey had a good conception of the two when he described them. He evidently believed them to be distinct and assigned one of them (J. major) to subspecific rank, as he says, “for the present,’’ probably because of the statements of some of the collectors who had not seen both. The species is easily recognized by its smaller size, shrubby habit, smaller and more numerous leaflets, and very small, thick-walled nut only 10 to 15 mm. in diameter. 2. Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1900. Juglans rupestris major Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufii & Colo. 171. pl. 16. 1854. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Western New Mexico.”’ This is certainly Arizona. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Magadalena Mountains; Burro Mountains; Mangas Springs; Fort Bayard; Black Range; Dog Spring; Animas Mountains; White Mountains. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. In his original description of this species Doctor Torrey says that ‘‘Dr. Woodhouse found the plant in western New Mexico and Dr. Bigelow collected it at the Copper Mines.”’ ‘‘Western New Mexico” at that time included Arizona. The plant com- mon in the region of the Copper Mines is a good-sized tree, not infrequently with a trunk 3 to 4 meters to the first branch and 40 to 50 centimeters in diameter, with a WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 163 large rounded top 12 to 15 meters high. Its leaflets are broadly lanceolate, 6 to 9 cm. long, not revolute-margined but serrate. The nut is 20 to 25 mm. in diameter. This species has been confused with a Californian one (J. californica S. Wats.) from which it is said, by those who know both, to be distinct. The Californian plant is found in the Sacramento Valley. Our native walnuts, this species in particular, are often known by the native name of ‘‘nogal.”’ Order 19. FAGALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Staminate and pistillate flowers in aments; fruit never with a bur or cup.............. eee eee eee eee .. 32. BETULACEAE (p. 163). Staminate flowers in aments, the pistillate often soli- tary; fruit with a bur or cup................... 33. FAGACEAE (p. 164). 32. BETULACEAE. Birch Family. Moneecious or rarely dicecious trees or shrubs with alternate simple leaves and deciduous stipules; sterile flowers in catkins; fertile flowers clustered, spicate, or in scaly catkins; fruit a 1-celled and 1-seeded nut with or without a foliaceous involucre. KEY TO THE GENERA. Ovary inclosed in a bladdery bag................. Lecce ee eeeeeee 1, Ostrya (p. 163). Ovary not inclosed in a bladdery bag. Stamens 2; bractsof the mature pistillate aments membra- nous, usually 3-lobed, deciduous with the nut ....... 2. Brruta (p. 163). Stamens usually 4; bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, erose or toothed, persistent.... 3. ALNuS (p. 164). 1. OSTRYA Scop. Hop HORNBEAM. A small tree; sterile flowers consisting of several stamens in the axil of each bract; fertile flowers a pair to each deciduous bract, inclosed in a bractlet, this in fruit becoming a bladdery bag, the involucres forming a kind of strobile resembling that of the hop. - 1. Ostrya baileyi Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: 293. 1905. TYPE LocaLiry: Guadalupe Mountains, Texas. Rance: Known only from the type locality. The type was collected only two miles from the New Mexico line, and the species, with but little doubt, occurs at the north end of the range in New Mexico. 2. BETULA L. Bircu. Small tree or large shrub with slender stems; sterile flowers 3 to each shield-shaped scale of the catkin; fertile flowers 2 or 3 to each 3-lobed bract, the bracts thin, decidu- ous; fertile catkins ovoid to cylindric. 1. Betula fontinalis Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 31: 239. 1901. Betula microphylla fontinalis Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 77. 1908. TYPE LocaLiry: ‘‘On the Sweetwater, one of the branches of the Platte.’’ RanGE: British America to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: San Juan Valley; Tunitcha Mountains; Paquate. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. ALNUS Hill. Aper. Shrubs or small trees with thin toothed leaves; sterile catkins with 4 or 5 bract- lets and 3 flowers upon each scale; fertile catkins ovoid or ellipsoid, the scales each subtending 2 flowers and a group of 4 small scales, the latter becoming woody in fruit, wedge-obovate. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves rounded to truncate at the base, somewhat lobed, ovate to broadly oblong; stamens 4................ 00.0.0 eee e ee eee 1. A. tenuifolia, Leaves usually cuneate or at least narrowed at the base, seldom lobed, the younger ones lanceolate, the older elliptic or ob- long; stamens 1 to 3, usually 2............2...........2... 2. A.oblongifolia. 1. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 32. 1842. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the borders of small streams within the Range of the Rocky Mountains, and afterwards in the valleys of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.”’ RaneGe: British America to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Cedar Hill; Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains. Along streams, in the Transition Zone. The powdered bark of the alder, together with ashes of Juniperus monosperma and a decoction of Cercocarpus montanus, were used by the Navahos in preparing a red dye for wool. 2. Alnus oblongifolia Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 204. 1859. Alnus acuminata H. B. K, err. det. many authors. Type Locauity: Banks of the Mimbres and near Santa Barbara, New Mexico. Type collected by Wright (no. 1864). Rance: Southern Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Magdalena Mountains; Mogollon Mountains; Black Range. Along streams, in the Transition Zone. 33. FAGACEAE. Beech Family. 1. QUERCUS L. Oak. Low shrubs or large trees with rough bark on the older stems and hard tough wood; leaves chlorophyll green and deciduous, or bluish or grayish green and persistent almost or quite until the appearance of the leaves of the following season, of various shapes, size, and texture, generally short-petioled, mostly more or less stellate- pubescent at some time; flowers moneecious, the staminate usually in slender pendu- lous aments, the pistillate solitary or in few-flowered spikelike aments, appearing with the leaves; fruit (acorn) a nut varying in shape and size with the species, the cup being also of varying size and shape. The treatment here given follows that of Doctor Rydberg,! and much of the work was done in consultation with him, while examining a rather extended series of New Mexican specimens. The species listed cover the material at New York and Wash- ington and that in the herbarium of the New Mexico Agricultural College. With the use of this material is combined the field experience of Doctor Rydberg and the authors, extending over a number of years of careful study of the genus. . The attitude here assumed is that forms represented by numerous individuals that are easily distinguishable in the field and herbarium are worthy of separate names. Whether one calls them species or subspecies matters little; we prefer the former and the forms are so treated here. 1 The Oaks of the Continental Divide. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 187. 1901. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 165 There are several well-marked groups of closely-related species, the most conspicuous of which is that clustered about Q. gambelii, including Q. utahensis, Q. submollis, Q. gunnisonii, Q. vreelandu, Q. novomericana, and Q. leptophylla, all of which have green deciduous leaves of much the same texture and outline with varying degrees of pubescence. Another group is that consisting of shrubs of small or large size (never forming trees) of the higher mountains, having more or less persistent blue green leaves—Q. undulata, Q. fendleri, Q. rydbergiana. Yet another well-marked group contains the low trees of the southern part of the State, occurring among the rocks and canyons of the drier and hotter mountains. These are Q. grisea, Q. arizonica, and Q. reticulata, the last being a large tree in the mountains of New Mexico. A single chestnut oak, known from two stations, is Q. muhlenbergii, a most unexpected find. The affiliations of the other species are not so easily seen, each species standing more or less by itself in New Mexico. Acorns of the different oaks were formerly used by the Indians as food. They were boiled or roasted or sometimes dried and ground into flour. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Acorns sericeous-tomentose inside, maturing the second year.... 1. Q. hypoleuca. Acorns not sericeous-tomentose inside, maturing the first year. Leaves bluish, grayish, or yellowish green (never bright chlorophyll green), more or less coriaceous, mostly persisting until the appearance of new leaves, hence the plant leafy all the time. Leaves not persisting; medium-sized shrub............ 2. Q. fendleri. Old leaves persisting till after the appearance of the young ones; shrubs or trees. Mature plants shrubs, never trees. . Plant about 1 meter high, with very small acorns and leaves............------------ 4. Q. rydbergiana. Plants more than a meter high, the leaves and acorns large. Leaves fulvous beneath; cup turbinate.... 6. Q. turbinella. Leaves not fulvous beneath; cup hemis- pheric. Leaves only moderately coriaceous, erisped..............---------- 3. Q. undulata. Leaves strongly coriaceous, much crisped and spinulose-toothed. . . Mature plants trees (shrubby forms immature, usually not fruiting). Scales of the cup thin, only slightly corky- thickened on the back; mature leaves yellowish green. Leaves of the same color on both surfaces... 7. Q. emoryi. Leaves fulvous beneath, especially when young.............2.-2-22--2.----- 8. Q. wilcoxit. Scales of the cup corky-thickened on the back; leaves fulvous beneath, glabrate above. Acorns large; mature leaves all more or less conspicuously toothed (resembling those of Q. fendleri). ..........0.2-2-- 9. Q. confusa. on a) . pungens, 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Acorns of medium size; only the younger leaves conspicuously toothed. Leaves large, obovate, strongly reticu- late; teeth small and numerous... .13. Leaves of medium size, oblong, only slightly reticulate, entire or with few coarse teeth. Leaves and twigs of the year glabrous teeth. ..........02 22 ee eee eee 10. Leaves permanently and densely stellate-pubescent beneath, as also the twigs of the year; leaves various. Cup shallow; acorn acute.........12. Cup deep, covering one-third the acorn; acorn truncate or obtuse.11. Leaves chlorophyll green, not coriaceous, deciduous in the fall, hence the plants leafless in the winter. Leaves coarsely serrate-toothed with numerous teeth from base to apex, not truly lobed............... 14, Leaves more or less sinuately lobed. Low shrubs, never forming trees; leaves small, 7 cm. long or less. Lobes few and shallow, appearing as a few large teeth; some of the leaves obovate in outline.....2....0. eee eee eee eee ee 15. Lobes deep and more numerous; leaves oblong in outline. Acorns very large, 25 mm. long; a plant of the southeastern sandhills........... 16. Acorns small, 10 mm. long or less, racemose; plant of the mountains of the northern part of the State.........2........... 17, Taller shrubs or trees with large, deeply lobed leaves mostly 10 cm. long or more. Mature leaves soft-pubescent and almost velvety beneath. Scales of the cup thin, little thickened on the back; leaves distinctly obovate in outline........0.00.........00... 18, Scales of the cup thickened on the back; leaves mostly oblong, only slightly broadened upward.................. 19. Mature leaves not velvety beneath, usually glabrate, sometimes slightly pubescent, especially on the veins. Cup saucer-shaped, covering less than one- fourth of the acorn.................. 20. Cup hemispheric, covering one-third to half the acorn. Acorns ovoid, acute; cup covering about half the acorn............... 24, . reticulata. . oblongifolia. . arizonica, . grisea. . muhlenbergii. . havardii, . venustula, . submollis. . utahensis. . vreelandit. . gambelii. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—-FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 167 Acorns barrel-shaped, obtuse; cup various. Mature leaves thin, large, obovate, cuneate, dark green above; acorn very short, frequently more than half in the cup...........-...-- 21. Q. leptophylla. Mature leaves firm, deeply lobed; acorns longer, about one-third in the cup. Leaves oblong, lobed half way to the midrib, dull-colored; lobes usually simple................22. Q. gunnisonit. Leaves obovate, lobed more than half way to the midrib, dark green above; lobes frequently again lobed................-- 23. Q. novomerxicana. 1. Quercus hypoleuca Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 384. 1876. WHITE-LEAF OAK. Type LOCALITY: Arizona. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Common from the Black Range and the Mogollon Mountains south to the Mexican border. Low dry mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. One of the two easily recognizable species of the State, occurring only in the moun- tains of the southwestern part. It becomesa tree 10 meters high or occasionally higher, but is frequently found asa small bush forming clumps. The leavesare characteristic, being very thick and leathery, oblong-lanceolate, entire or with a few coarse teeth near the apex, yellowish green and glabrous above, densely white-woolly beneath. The tree is well worth cultivation for decorative purposes. 2. Quercus fendleri Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 170. 1854. FENDLER OAK. Quercus undulata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16?: 23. 1864, in part. Quercus undulata pedunculata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 23. 1864. Quercus undulata Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 8: 75. 1895, in part. Type LOCALITY: New Mexico, probably near SantaFe. Type collected by Fendler no. 805). Nawen: Southern Colorado, northern New Mexico, and Arizona, and in the Pan- handle region of Texas. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Raton; El Rito Creek; Ramah; Sandia Mountains; East View; Gallinas Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains; Buchanan; Duran. Drier mountains, in the Transition Zone. This is very near Quercus undulata, with which it is usually geographically asso- ciated, being separated from that species merely by size of the parts and the persistence of the leaves. It is practically impossible to distinguish ordinary herbarium speci- mens showing leaves and fruit. Doctor Rydberg’s key puts them in two different subsections on the ground of persistence of leaves, thus throwing Q. undulata next Q. pungens, which has a very different zonal distribution in New Mexico. 3. Quercus undulata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 248. 1828. Quercus undulata jamesit Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. 1876. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Sources of the Canadian and the Rocky Mountains,’’ Colorado or New Mexico. Range: Northern New Mexico and Arizona and southern Colorado, and western Texas. New Mexico: Glorieta; 25 miles south of Gallup; Pajarito Park; East View; Gallinas Mountains; Buchanan; Duran; Guadalupe Mountains; Sierra Grande; Organ Moun- tains. Drier mountains, in the Transition Zone, extending down into the Upper Sonoran. 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. What is here accepted as Quercus undulata is a low, straggling shrub 1 to 3 meters high, with small oblong leaves 3 to 5 em. long, their margins sinuate-dentate, the teeth few and distinctly cuspidate but not spinulose. The leaves are firm but not coriaceous, and Doctor Rydberg believes them to be blue green, although from the type specimen and the description it is impossible to determine this. However, this is the common type of plant having the other characteristics ascribed to the species that is to be found in eastern Colorado and northeastern New Mexico, the region from which the type came. The plant here accepted is one of the two common shrubs having blue green leaves in the mountains of the northern part of the State. It also occurs as a low shrub high up on the peaks of the dry, rocky mountains of the southern part, a thousand feet or more above the common live oaks of that region, The acorns are rather small, 10 to 15 mm. long, in a thickened, hemispherical cup. 4. Quercus rydbergiana Cockerell, Torreya 3: 7. 1903. Quercus undulata rydbergiana Cockerell, Torreya 3: 86. 1903. TyPE Locauity: Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico. Type collected by Cockerell. Rance: Mountains of the north central part of New Mexico. New Mexico: Las Vegas Mountains; Cebolla Springs. Transition Zone. A small bush, 1 meter high or less, with small (2 to 4 em. long), oblong, bluish green leaves with a few coarse sinuate lobelike teeth. The acorns are very small, less than 1 cm. long, in a shallow cup whose scales are very small, numerous, and somewhat thickened on the back. This certainly is a relative. of what is here regarded as Q. undulata, and Professor Cockerell may be right in reducing it to a subspecies of that, but it is more easily separable from Q. undulata than is Q. fendleri and is more distinct’ than the various species or subspecies, as one chooses to consider them, that are grouped around Q. gambelii. There is little doubt that the various Rocky Mountain species hybridize: readily, as seems to be the case with the eastern members of the genus. 5. Quercus pungens Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854. Quercus undulata wrightii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 382. 1876, in part. Quercus undulata pungens Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 392. 1876. TYPE Locatity: ‘‘Texas & Nov. Mexico.—California.”’ Rance: Western Texas, New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains; Mangas Springs; Silver City; Black Range; Big Hatchet Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; mountains west of San Antonio; Carrizalillo Mountains; Organ Mountains; Queen; Socorro Mountain, Dry, rocky mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. A scrubby bush, 2 to 3 meters high, with small, coriaceous, spiny-toothed leaves on rather slender branches. Doctor Rydberg may be right in his belief that it is most closely related to Q. undulata, but it seems to be allied with Q. toumeyiand Q. turbinella. It is possible that the specimens referred in this treatment to Q. turbinella more properly belong to this species. 6. Quercus turbinella Greene, W. Amer. Oaks 1: 37. 1889. TyPE Locatiry: Mountains of Lower California. Rance: Lower California to southwestern New Mexico and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Socorro; Magdalena Mountains; Cook Spring. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. A shrub (or low tree ?) with small (1 to 3 cm. long), oblong, elliptic, or oval leaves, bluish green above, fulvous beneath, sinuate-dentate wth spiny teeth. The acorn is elongated, acute, with a turbinate cup whose scales are only slightly thickened. It is possible, not to say probable, that further study in the field will show that true Q. turbinella, which was named from the Californian peninsula, does not come into New Mexico at all. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 169 7. Quercus emoryi Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848. Back OAK. Quercus hastata Liebm. Overs. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854. Type Locauity: ‘‘Common on the elevated country between the Del Norte and the Gila,’? New Mexico. The type specimen is from Pigeon Creek (Las Palomas), and was collected by Emory. Rance: Mountains of southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, extreme western Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Kingston; Bear Mountains; Animas Mountains; San Luis Mountains; Fort Bayard. Upper Sonoran Zone, occasionally extending down into the Lower Sonoran. This is the common black oak of the southwestern part of the State and is easily recognizable. It deserves its name, since the bark is black and thick. The leaves are pale yellowish green, of about the same color on both surfaces, more or less yellow- - ish brown pubescent on the main nerves, oblong, flat, not crispate, coarsely sinuate- dentate with spinulose teeth. The acorns are small and acute, with a shallow cup having pale yellowish brown scales not thickened on the back. They are produced early in the season and are much appreciated by the animals of the region. The species shows a tendency to hybridize. Quercus emoryi , 3. CL greggit. 1. Ceanothus mogollonicus Greene, Leaflets 1: 67. 1904. Tyrer tocauity: Mogollon Creek in the Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 239), Rance: Known only from type locality. 2. Ceanothus fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 29. 1849. TYPE LocaLity: Mountains east of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 105). Range: Wyoming and South Dakota to Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains: Capitan Mountains; Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Sawyers Peak; Mogollon Mountains; White Mountains. Open slopes and thickets, in the Transition Zone. 3. Ceanothus greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 2: 28. 1853. TYPE LOCALITY: Buena Vista, Mexico. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Bear Mountain; Organ Mountains; Queen; San Andreas Mountains, 4. RHAMNUS L. Bucxruorn. Unarmed shrubs over 1 meter high, with rather large alternate leaves; flowers perfect or polygamo-dicecious, in small axillary clusters; sepals 4 or 5; disks lining the hypan- thium; petals 4 or 5, sometimes wanting, clawless, on the margin of the hypanthium; stamens 4or 5, inserted on the edge of the disk; ovary 2 to 4-celled; fruit a 2 to 4-seeded, rather dry berry. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Flowers fascicled, 2 or 3 in each axil; leaves small, 35 mm. long or less, yellowish beneath; seeds 2. Mature leaves obtuse, finely pubescent on the upper surface.. 1. R. fasciculata. Mature leaves acutish, glabrous on the upper surface... ..... 4. R. smithii. Flowers in peduncled cymes, numerous; leaves usually more than 35 mm. long, not yellowish beneath; seeds 2 or 3. Seeds 2; leaves pale beneath with a dense tomentulose pubes- cence... -- eee eee eee 2. R. ursina. Seeds 3; leaves green on both surfaces, sparingly pubescent beneath... 2.22.22... 3. R. betulaefolia. 1. Rhamnus fasciculata Greene, Leaflets 1: 63. 1904. TyPE Locatity: South Fork of Tularosa Creek, 3 miles east of the Mescalero Agency, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 203). Range: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: White and Sacramento mountains; Guadalupe Mountains. Moun- tains, in the Transition Zone. This is doubtfully distinct from R. smithii. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 415 2. Rhamnus ursina Greene, Leaflets 1: 63. 1904. TYPE Locauity: Bear Mountain near Silver City, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 172). Rance: Southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sycamore Creek; Bear Mountain; Mangas Springs; Gila; Berendo Creek; San Andreas Mountains, Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 38. Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 16. 1896. Type Locatity: Banks of streams in the Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Rusby in 1881. RancGe: Mountains of southern New Mexico and adjacent Arizona. New Mexico: Mogollon Mountains; San Francisco Mountains; Kingston; Animas Peak; Tularosa Creek. In the Transition Zone. 4. Rhamnus smithii Greene, Pittonia 3: 17. 1896. TYPE Locality: Pagosa Springs, southwestern Colorado. RanGE: Southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; between Tierra Amarilla and Park View. Open hillsides, in the Transition Zone. 88. VITACEAE. Grape Family. Woody vines, trailing or climbing by tendrils; leaves large, simple or compound, petiolate, the blades flat and mostly thin; inflorescence axillary, cymose or paniculate; flowers small and inconspicuous, greenish or yellowish, sometimes delicately perfumed, perfect, polygamous, or dicecious, regular; calyx and corolla 4 or 5-merous, a disk present or wanting; stamens of the same number as the petals and opposite them; pistil compound; fruit a berry. KEY TO THE GENERA. Leaves simple. ...-.....---- 222220. e eee eee eee eee eee 1. Vitis (p. 415). Leaves compound. Leaves 5-foliolate, thin.........--...........--- 2. PARTHENOCISSUS (p. 415). Leaves 3-foliolate, fleshy....-.........--------- 3. Cissus (p. 416). 1. VITIS L. GRAPE. Trailing or climbing vines with shreddy bark and forking tendrils; leaves simple, more or less palmately lobed or angled, with small caducous stipules; flowers in axillary panicles, dicecious, polygamo-diccious, or rarely perfect; calyx minute; corolla caducous, the petals coherent; stamens exserted, alternate with the lobes of thedisk: fruit a few-seeded globose berry; seeds hard and bony, pear-shaped, relatively large. 1. Vitis arizonica Engelm. Amer. Nat. 2: 321. 1868. TYPE LOCALITY: Arizona. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: McCarthy Station; Sandia Mountains; Magdalena Mountains; Mangas Springs; Mogollon Mountains; Fort Bayard; Bear Mountain; Black Range; Organ Mountains; Roswell; Gray; Queen; Cloverdale; Animas Mountains; White Mountains. . Canyons and thickets, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. The berries of this grape are not very palatable, but they were used for food by the Indians. 2. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. VirGINIA CREEPER. Trailing or climbing woody vines with forking tendrils and alternate, palmately 5-foliolate leaves; leaflets 4 to 10 cm. long, coarsely toothed; flowers small, greenish, in axillary cymes; calyx and corolla 5-merous, disk wanting; stamens 5; fruit a depressed- globose berry, blackish, not edible. 416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. Spr. Fl. Manhattan 26. 1894. Ampelopsis quinquefolia vitacea Knerr, Bot. Gaz. 18: 71. 1893. Psedera vitacea Greene, Leaflets 1: 220. 1906. TYPE Locatiry: Not stated. Rance: Wyoming and Michigan to Ohio and Arizona. New Mexico: Pecos; Sandia Mountains; Magdalena Mountains; Gila Hot Springs; Burro Mountains; Guadalupe Canyon; Gray; Organ Mountains; Cedar hill; Raton. Canyons, in the Transition Zone. 3. CISSUS L. A succulent vine 1 to 10 meters long, with warty bark and forking tendrils; leaves 3-foliolate, fleshy, the leaflets 3 to 10 cm. long, coarsely toothed, the terminal one sometimes 3-lobed; flowers in trichotomous umbel-like cymes; berries obovoid to globose, 10 to 12 mm. long, blackish, on recurved pedicels. 1. Cissus incisa (Nutt.) Desmoul.; 8. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 173. 1878. Vitis incisa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 243. 1840. Type Locauity: ‘‘Arkansas.”’ Range: Florida to Arkansas, Texas, and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Guadalupe Canyon (Mearns 691). Order 33. MALVALES. 89. MALVACEAE. Mallow Family. Annual or perennial herbs (one species suffruticose) with simple, alternate, petiolate, variously lobed or dissected leaves, and rather large and conspicuous flowers; plants mostly pubescent, frequently with stellate hairs; inflorescence axillary or by reduction of the uppermost leaves becoming racemose or paniculate ; calyx of 5 sepals more or less united at the base, sometimes subtended by few to several bracts forming an involucre; petals 5, more or less united at the base and with the base of the tube of the numerous monadelphous stamens; pistil of 5 to many carpels with united styles and separate stigmas; fruit a 5 to many-celled capsule of dehiscent or indehiscent, 1 to several-seeded carpels. KEY TO THE GENERA. Fruita loculicidal capsule; stamen column anther-bearing for a considerable part of its length. Annuals; calyx inflated, conspicuously nerved..... 1. TRIonuM (p. 417). Perennials; calyx neither inflated nor conspicuously nerved.........2.2.2...0..0 022 e eee eee 2. Hipiscus (p. 417). Fruit of several radially disposed carpels, these separating at maturity; stamen column anther-bearing mostly at the summit. Carpels indehiscent; ovules solitary; styles stigmatic on the inner side. Bractlets wanting; carpels 5 to 9................ 3. SIDALCEA (p. 418). Bractlets 1 to 3; carpels more numerous. Carpels beaked; bractlets 1 to 3; - flowers bright purplish red. ........2....... 4, CALLIRRHOE (p. 418). Carpels not beaked; bractlets 3; flowers white to rose-colored. ............... 5. MALva (p. 419). Carpels dehiscent; ovules 1 to several in each cell; stigmas capitate. Seeds 2 or more in each carpel. Calyx without bracts; seeds several in each carpel. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 417 Carpels membranous, rounded at the apeX............2-.2222-------- 6. GAYOIDEs (p. 419). Carpels leathery, usually acute or cus- pidate...........22..22..202.0-.- 7. ABUTILON (p. 419). Calyx bracted; seeds 1 to 3 in each carpel. Capsules hirsute as well as_ stellate- pubescent, 2 or 3-seeded, smooth on the sides at the base. ........ 8. PuHymosla (p. 420). Capsules stellate-pubescent but not hir- sute, 2-seeded, more or less retic- ulate at the base............ .... 9. SPHAERALCEA (p. 420). Seeds solitary in each carpel. Calyx bracteate. Flowers white; stems prostrate......... 10. Diseua (p. 424). Flowers orange to pink; stems erect....11: Matvastrum (p. 425). Calyx not bracted. Perennials; carpels erect, with con- nivent or erect tips.............- 12. Suwa (p. 425). Annuals; carpels depressed, the tips spreading. Carpels 9 to 20, hirsute; flowers ax- illary. 2.2.2.2... eee eee. 13. Anopa (p. 426). Carpels 5 to 9, not hirsute; inflores- cence racemose or paniculate.14. Srpanopa (p. 427). 1. TRIONUM Medic. FLoweEnr-or-aAn-HouR. More or less hispid annual, branching from the base, with palmately 8 to 5-lobed or parted leaves and dull white flowers with an inflated nerved calyx; capsules ovoid, about 15 mm. high, inclosed in the persistent calyx. 1. Trionum trionum (L.) Woot. & Standl. Hibiscus trionum L. Sp. Pl. 697. 1753. Type tocauity: ‘Habitat in Italia, Africa.’’ New Mexico: Ramah; north of Kennedy; Las Vegas; Raton. An introduced weed, occasionally found about gardens. 2. HIBISCUS L. Rose mMattow. Herbaceous perennials with large or small pubescent ovate leaves, and axillary pink or purplish flowers; calyx of 5 more or less united sepals, subtended by several bracts of about the same length. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants large, 1 meter high or more; flowers 6 to 8cm.long..... 1. H. lasiocarpus, Plants small, 40 cm. high or less; flowers 3 cm. long or less...... 2. H. involucellatus. 1. Hibiscus lasiocarpus Cav. Monad. Diss. 159. pl. 70. f. 1. 1787. Type Loca.ity: Not stated. Rance: Low ground, New Mexico to Illinois, Georgia, and Louisiana. New Mexico: Roswell (Earle 357). 2. Hibiscus involucellatus (A. Gray) Woot. & Standl. Hibiscus denudatus involucellatus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852. Type Locauiry: ‘‘Sides of hills near El Paso.’’ RanGe: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Grant County. Dry hills, i in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 52576° 418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. SIDALCEA A. Gray. Tall perennial herbs, 1 meter high or less, with rounded, palmately lobed or dissected leaves and showy flowers in elongated, terminal, simple or paniculate, bracted racemes; basal leaves often merely coarsely crenate, the upper deeply lobed; flowers large, 2 cm. long or more, purple or white; calyx 5-cleft, without bracts; carpels 5 to 9, 1-seeded, not beaked, indehiscent. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers cream-colored; inflorescence and calyx densely stellate- pubescent. ... 2.2.2... 2.22222 e eee eee eee eee eee 1. S. candida. Flowers purple; inflorescence and calyx hirsute................ 2. S. neomezicana. 1. Sidalcea candida A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 24. 1849. Sidalcea candida tincta Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 29: 280. 1900. Type Locaity: Along Santa Fe Creek, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 80). Rance: Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Sandia Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains; Chama. Wet ground, in the Transition and Canadian zones. The type of S. candida tincta was collected by Cockerell at Harveys Ranch. It is a common form in which the corolla is tinged with pink. 2. Sidalcea neomexicana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 23. 1849. Type LocaLiry: Moist meadows, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fend- ler (no. 79). RanGE: Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico and southern California. New Mexico: Chama; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Kingston; Mangas Springs; Mogollon Mountains; Las Huertas Canyon; Ramah; White Mountains. Wet ground, in the Transition Zone. 4, CALLIRRHOE Nutt. Perennial herbs with long thick roots; leaves alternate, petiolate, lobed or clett; flowers showy, axillary; petals purple; carpels 10 to 20, 1-celled, 1-seeded, beaked when mature, forming a disklike fruit about the axis. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Calyx subtended by 3 bracts.....-.-----.2 2222-222 eee eee eee eee 1. C. involucrata, Calyx naked 2... 2.2... ee eee eee ee eee ee ec eee eee 2. C. alcaeoides. 1. Callirrhoe involucrata (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 16. 1849. Malva involucrata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 226. 1838. A common weed in gardens and cultivated ground. Type Locauity: “ Valley of the Loup Fork of the Platte.’ Rance: Utah and Minnesota to Texas and northeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Perico Creek. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Callirrhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 18. 1849. Sida alcacoides Michx. F1. Bor. Amer. 2: 44. 1803. Tyrer Locauity: “Hab. in glareosis Kentucky et Tennessee.” Rance: Nebraska and Kansas to New Mexico and Texas. New Mexico: Las Vegas (Porter). Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 419 5. MALVA L. Matiow. Annual or perennial herbs with orbicular or reniform, sometimes obscurely lobed or crenate leaves; flowers axillary, solitary or in small clusters; calyx with 3 or 2 distinct bracts; carpels numerous, 1-celled, reniform when mature, beakless, disposed around the axis in a disklike fruit. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Margins of the leaves crisped; plants erect..............-..--.-- 3. M. crispa. Margins of the leaves not crisped; plants erect or prostrate. Stems erect; calyx reflexed in fruit..............2.....--2.- 1. M. parviflora. Stems prostrate; calyx not reflexed in fruit.................. 2. M. rotundifolia. 1. Malva parviflora L. Amoen. Acad. 3: 416. 1756. Type LOCALITY: Not stated. Rance: A native of the Old World, introduced in the southern and western United States. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Pecos; Kingston; Las Cruces; Teel; Capitan; Taos; Las Vegas; White Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Malva rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 688. 1753. COMMON MALLOW. Type Locauiry: ‘‘Habitat in Europae ruderatis, viis, plateis.”’ New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Kingston; Raton; Santa Fe; Gallinas Planting Station. A weed in waste ground. 3. Malva crispa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 970. 1763. CURLED MALLOW. Malva verticillata crispa L. Sp. Pl. 689. 1753. Type Locatity: Not stated. New Mexico: Tularosa; Shiprock. 6. GAYOIDES Small. Slender perennial herb with the aspect of Abutilon, but the carpels with very thin membranous walls and rounded at the apex rather than acute or beaked. 1. Gayoides crispum (L.) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 764. 1903. Sida crispa 1. Sp. Pl. 685. 1753. Abutilon crispum Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 1. 53. 1827. Type LocaLity: ‘Habitat in Carolina, Providentia, Bahama.”’ RanGe: Florida to New Mexico and Arizona, and throughout the tropics. New Mexico: Bishops Cap (Wooton). Dry hills. 7. ABUTILON Gaertn. INDIAN MALLOW. Erect or decumbent, stout or slender, densely pubescent, herbaceous perennials, with simple cordate leaves and axillary flowers; calyx not bracteate; corolla red or yellow; carpels 5 to 10, leathery, beaked or rounded, dehiscent, 2 to several-seeded, 6 mm. high or more. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Carpels short-beaked or at least acute; stems slender, prostrate or ascending. ...... 2... 2-22. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee e eee 1. A. parvulum. Carpels rounded at the apex; stems stout and erect. Leaves not lobed, as broad as long; sepals 8 mm. long........... 2. A. malacum. Leaves more or less 3-lobed, longer than broad; sepals not more than 5 mm. long............ 2.02. ee ee 3. A. texense. 420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Abutilon parvulum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 21. 1852. Type Locautry: “‘Calcareous hills of the San Felipe and the San Pedro Rivers,” Texas. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Anton Chico; west of Roswell; Hondo Hill; Filmore Canyon. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Abutilon malacum §. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 446, 1886. Type Locatiry: Wilson County, western Texas. Rance: Western Texas to southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain. Dry hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone, A coarse, yellow-flowered plant, | meter high or less, with large velvety leaves. In New Mexico it is known from but a single locality and is certainly rare, although it may be expected in the mountains of the southwestern corner. 3. Abutilon texense Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer, 1: 231. 1838. TYPE Locauity: Texas. . RANGE: Central Texas to southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Hillsboro; Dog Spring. Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. PHYMOSIA Desv. Tall herbaceous perennials, appearing glabrous, but pubescent; leaves large, 3 to 7-cleft; flowers in interrupted spikes terminating the branches, large, rose or white, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, carpels hispid or hirsute and with fine stellate pubescence, usually 3-seeded, not reticulated on the sides. 1. Phymosia grandiflora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 60. 1913. Sphaeralcea grandiflora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 81: 565, 1904. TYPE LocaALtty: Mesa Verde, Colorado. RanGE: Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sandia Mountains. 9. SPHAERALCEA &t. Hil. Low or tall, coarse, perennial herbs with stellate pubescence; leaves petioled, various in outline, simple or dissected; flowers in small axillary clusters or by reduc- tion of the leaves forming narrow crowded panicles; pedicels usually short; calyx subtended by 2 or 3 bracts; fruit a capsule, consisting of numerous 2-ovuled, 1 or 2-seeded, 1l-celled carpels. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves digitately 5-parted. _ Flowers solitary, on long slender pedicels-.................... 1. S. tenutpes. Flowers fascicled, on short stout pedicels...................... 2. S. pedata. Leaves 3-parted or simple, never 5-parted. Fruit depressed-globose; upper ovule usually not maturing; mature carpels mostly reniform, completely deciduous from the axis. Leaves round-ovate, simple, or with 3 rounded lobes, ob- tUS@. 2 2.2... ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 3. S. marginata. Leaves subhastate, lanceolate, or pinnatifid, acute. Flowers 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves subhastate, silvery- stellate...........-...20..00.000020000222000202- 4, 8. marti. Flowers 10 to 12 mm. long; leaves various. Pubescence very dense, fine, silvery, giving the plants a whitish appearance; leaves pinna- tifid. 2... eee eee ee 5. S. glabrescens, WOOTON AND STANDLEY Pubescence loose and coarse, yellowish or at least not white; plants not whitish; leaves pinna- tifid or merely toothed or lobed. Leaves pinnatifid, the terminal portion con- spicuously lobed; pedicels long, slen- Leaves subhastate, the terminal lobe not lobed; pedicels various. Pedicels very short and stout; pubescence coarse, tawny; leaves more or less Pedicels long and slender; pubescence fine and close, grayish; leaves often lan- ceolate and not at all lobed.......- 8. Fruit little or not at all depressed, the carpels with 2 or 3 ovules and 1 or 2 seeds, usually oblong, after separation from the axis cohering with each other by their sides and held by -a short thread. Carpels smooth at the base or nearly s0.-.-..----.-------- 9. Carpels strongly reticulated at the base. Leaves narrowly oblong, or lanceolate and subhastate; plants tall and stout. Leaves narrowly oblong, not lobed............--- 10. Leaves lanceolate, subhastate, with 2 low rounded lobes at the base, broader.............-.-..- 11. Leaves round-ovate or rhombic-ovate in outline, often pinnatifid or variously lobed; plants mostly lower and more slender. Pubescence fine and very dense, almost velvety (yellowish); lobes of the leaves usually round-ovate; flowers usually very numerous and dense......-.-.---.---0eee eee e ee eees 12. Pubescence coarse and loose; lobes of the leaves usually narrower, moatly acutish; flowers few or numerous, Leaves divided into 3 almost equal rounded- oblong entire lobes, the lateral lobes di- vergent.-......2..2220- 22 eee eee eee eee 13. Leaves not equally 3-parted, the lobes toothed and the lateral ones not divergent. Pubescence yellowish, the whole plant green, not grayish... ee .-14. Pubescence white, giving “the plants a grayish appearance. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, mostly simple; petioles usually longer than the blades; pedicela short and comparatively stout....... 15. Leaves deeply 3-lobed; petioles shorter than the blades; pedi- FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 421 . S. pumila. . S. subhastata. S. arenaria. S. leiocarpa. S. cuspidata. S. lobata. S. incana, S. tripartita. S. fendleri. S. ribifolia. cels very long and slender..... 16. S. laxa. 4292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Sphaeralcea tenuipes Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 148. 1913. TyPE Locality: Tortugas Mountain southeast of Las Cruces, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley, May 6, 1906. Rance: Southwestern New Mexico, western Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; between El Paso and Monument 40; Bishops Cap. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 2. Sphaeralcea pedata Torr. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 23. 1849. Malvastrum digitatum Greene, Leaflets 1: 154. 1905. Tyre Locatity: None given, but the type collected on Frémont’s Third Expedition. Ranae: Western Texas to Arizona. New Mexico: Chiz; mountains southeast of Patterson; mountains west of San Antonio; Organ Mountains; Kingston; Tortugas Mountain; Puertecito; Reserve; Socorro Mountain; Berendo Creek. Dry, open hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The type of Malvastrum digitatum was collected near Kingston (Metcalfe 941). 8. Sphaeralcea marginata York, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 145. 1906. Tyre Locauity: Grand Junction, Colorado. RanaGeE: Southwestern Colorado to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Ojo Caliente; Tiznitzin; Zuni Reservation; Farmington; Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains. Sandy plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Sphaeralcea martii Cockerell, Bot. Gaz. 32: 60. 1901. Type LocaLity: Picacho Mountain, Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. RanGe: Known only from the type locality, on dry, rocky hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 5. Sphaeralcea glabrescens Woot. & Standl. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 107. 1909. Typr Locauity: Providencia Lake, about 30 miles west of Las Cruces, New Mexico, Type collected by Wooton, July 3, 1900. Rance: Known only from the type locality, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 6. Sphaeralcea pumila Woot. & Standl. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 110. 1909. Type Locauity: Diamond A Wells in the Silver City Draw, Grant County, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 1, 1906. RanaeE: Western New Mexico. New Mexico: Diamond A Wells; Bear Mountain; north of Ramah. Dry plains and low hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 7. Sphaeralcea subhastata Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 38. 1891. Sphaeralcea simulans Woot. & Stand]. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 109, 1909, TyrE LocaLity: “In southwestern Texas and adjacent New Mexico and Mexico.” Rance: Western Texas and southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Plains near Deming; Mangas Springs. Plains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. The type of S. simulans was collected on the plains near Deming ( Wooton in 1906). 8. Sphaeralcea arenaria Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 147. 1913. Tyre Locauity: White Sands, Otero County, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 165). Rance: New Mexico. New Mexico: White Sands; Albuquerque; Providencia Lake; mesa west of Organ Mountains; Suwanee; between Tularosa and Mescalero Agency; lake east of Dona Ana Mountains; Zuni Reservation; Mangas Springs. Sandy plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 9. Sphaeralcea leiocarpa Woot. & Stand]. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 107. 1909. Type Locauity: Mangas Springs, Grant County, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 721). WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 423 Rance: Western New Mexico and adjacent Arizona. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Mogollon Mountains; Fierro; Fort Bayard; Hatchet Ranch. Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 10. Sphaeralcea cuspidata (A. Gray) Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. 2: 519. 1898. Sida stellata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 171. 1828, not Cav. 1790. Sphaeralcea stellata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 228. 1838. Sphaeralcea angustifolia cuspidata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 293. 1887. Type Locauity: ‘Sources of the Arkansa.’’ Rance: Colorado and Kansas to Arizona, Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Cross L Ranch; Clayton; Hopkins Mill; Silver City; Mangas Springs; Dog Spring; mesa west of Organ Mountains; White Sands; Alamogordo; Gray; White Mountains; Las Vegas; Roswell; Albert; Deming; Carlsbad. Plains and low hills, often in cultivated ground, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 11. Sphaeralcea lobata Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 306. 1898. NIGGER WEED. YERBA DEL NEGRO. Sphaeralcea incana ? oblongifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 21. 1853. Sphaeralcea lobata perpallida Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 87. 1900. Sphaeralcea fendleri lobata Cockerell, Entomologist 1900: 217. 1900. TypE LocALity: Mesilla, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 2). Rance: Western Texas and New Mex‘co. New Mexico: Ojo Caliente; Santa Fe; Las Vegas; Albuquerque; Silver City; Kingston; Mesilla Valley; Hillsboro; White and Sacramento mountains. Open hills and in river valleys, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. A common weed in the lower Rio Grande Valley in irrigated fields. It does not commonly exhibit much variation, but occasionally aberrant forms occur. The usual color of the flowers is orange or orange scarlet, but sometimes they are pale, almost white. On most plants the leaves are oblong with an inconspicuous rounded lobe on each side at the base, but we have abnormal forms in which the lobes are more numerous. In one plant noticed, the lateral lobes were extremely narrow, reduced almost to the midveins, with an enlarged portion near the apex. The typical form becomes almost a meter high and is erect, strict, and sparingly branched below, differing from the related S. fendlert which is much smaller and more branched. 12. Sphaeralcea incana Torr. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 23. 1849. Type Locaity: “In New Mexico.” Type collected by Abert. Rance: New Mexico and Arizona to Chihuahua. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Laguna; Big Hatchet Mountains; San Luis Moun- tains; Organ Mountains; White Sands; west of Roswell; White Mountains; Guadalupe Mountains. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 13. Sphaeralcea tripartita Woot. & Standl. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 108. 1909. Tyre Locaity: Kingston, Sierra County, New Mexico. Type collected by Met- calfe (no. 1103). s Rance: Known only from type locality. 14. Sphaeralcea fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 29. 1849. TypE LOCALITY: Fields and wet meadows, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler (no. 78). “Rance: New Mexico and Arizona. _/New Mexico: From the Las Vegas Mountains to the White Mountains and west- “ard across the State, in the mountains and foothills. Open slopes, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. ~~ 424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 15. Sphaeralcea ribifolia Woot. & Standl. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 109. 1909. Tyre Locaity: Martin and Sloan Ranch, Grant County, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 13, 1902. Rance: Known only from the type locality. 16. Sphaeralcea laxa Woot. & Stand. Bull. Torrey Club 36: 108. 1909. TyPE Locatity: Frisco, Socorro County, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 25, 1900. RanGeE: Southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Frisco; Graham. Upper Sonoran Zone. 10. DISELLA Greene. Prostrate or ascending herbaceous perennials, stellate-scurfy or lepidote, with rather stout short stems and simple leaves oblique at the base; flowers solitary or few in the axils, usually pale yellowish within, pink-tinged without; calyx more or less 5-angled, with 2 or 3 deciduous bractlets. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants merely loosely stellate-pubescent; leaves rounded at the OL, 1. D. hederacea. Plants densely lepidote-pubescent; leaves acute. Leaves obliquely ovate or deltoid-lanceolate, seldom or never with lobes at the base...........2........ ween ee eeeeee 2. D. lepidota. Leaves linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, with conspicuous narrow lobes at the base...............2.-2.---------. 3. D. sagittaefolia. 1. Disella hederacea (Dougl.) Greene, Leaflets 1: 209. 1906. MELONCILLA. Malva hederacea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 107. 1830. Sida hederacea Torr.; A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 23. 1849. Tyrer Locauiry: ‘‘Sides of streams, upon their low projecting banks, in the interior districts of the Columbia.” Rance: Western Texas to Washington and California. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Magdalena; Mesilla Valley. River valleysand plains, mostly in alkaline soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This and the next are common weeds, in irrigated lands of the Rio Grande Valley in particular, though not restricted to this region. They are usually abundant on rather compact and sometimes slightly alkaline soils which get occasional irrigation, where they carpet the ground with their spreading, decumbent stems. The peculiar oblique, truncate leaves are characteristic. 2. Disella lepidota (A. Gray) Greene, Leaflets 1: 209. 1906. Sida lepidota A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 18. 1852. Tyrr Locanity: ‘‘New Mexico.”” Probably this should be western Texas, Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona. New Mexico: Cactus Flat; Mangas Springs; Mesilla Valley; White Sands; Deming; Roswell; Hanover Mountain. Dry fields, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 3. Disella sagittaefolia (A. Gray) Greene, Leaflets 1: 209, 1908. Sida lepidota sagittaefolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:18. 1852. Tyre, LocALity: Mountain valley, sixty miles west of the Pecos, Texas. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona and southern Colorado. New Mexico: Laguna Colorado; Socorro; near White Water; lake east of Dona Ana Mountains. Dry plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. WOOTON AND STANDLEY-——FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 425 11. MALVASTRUM A. Gray. Low perennial herbs with branched stems, simple or lobed leaves, and small axillary clusters of flowers, these by the reduction of the leaves forming narrow panicles; calyx subtended by 2 or 3 small bracts; petals reddish; fruit a capsule consisting of numer- ous 1 or 2-ovuled, 1-seeded, 1-celled carpels. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Plants densely silvery-lepidote with peltate scales; divisions of the leaves linear, mostly entire........................- 1. M. leptophylium. Plants loosely canescent with stellate hairs; divisions of the leaves broader than linear, usually lobed. Flowers 8 mm. long or less; leaves 12 mm. long or shorter, the divisions very narrowW...............-----.--------0- 2. M. micranthum. Flowers more than 10 mm. long; leaves 20 mm. long or more, the divisions broader. Plants 30 to 40 cm. high, slender; racemes loose, elon- gated; terminal lobe of the leaves much longer than the others...............22.2....222020-05- 3. M. elatum. Plants 10 to 20 cm. high, stout; racemes crowded; ter- minal segments of the leaves only slightly longer than the others.........................-----.-- 4. M. coccineum. 1. Malvastrum leptophyllum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 17. 1852. Type Locatrry: Western Texas. RanGE: Southern Utah and Colorado to Texas and Mexico. New Mexico: Fort Cummings; Socorro Mountain; Magdalena Mountains; Farming- ton; Carrizozo; west of Roswell; Carrizo Mountains; San Andreas Mountains. Dry hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Malvastrum micranthum Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 147. 1913. Type Locatity: Near Tiznitzin, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no, 2673). Rance: Northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Tiznitzin; mountains southeast of Patterson. Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Malvastrum elatum (Baker) A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 25. 1902. Malvastrum coccineum elatum Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 29: 171. 1891. Type Locatity: Bed of the Limpio River, western Texas. Type, Wright’s no, 41. Range: Arizona and Colorado to western Texas. * New Mexico: Ojo Caliente; Gallup; Zuni; Las Vegas; Pecos; Reserve; Water Can- yon; Carrizalillo Mountains; Mangas Springs; San Augustine Ranch; Horse Camp; White Mountains. Open slopes, Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 4. Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 21. 1849. Cristaria coccinea Pursh, F1. Amer. Sept. 453. 1814. Sida dissecta Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 235. 1840. Malvastrum cockerellii A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 34: 24. 1902. Type Locatity: ‘‘On the dry prairies and extensive plains of the Missouri.” Range: Oregon and Saskatchewan to Arizona, Texas, and Iowa. New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Open hills and plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 12. SIDA L. Prostrate or erect herbaceous perennials, with simple, alternate, mostly narrow leave; and slender stems; flowers solitary or in small axillary clusters, yellow or oranges calyx more or less 5-angled, sometimes accrescent in fruit, not bracteate; carpels 5 or numerous, l-celled, 1-ovuled, indehiscent, or dehiscent at the apex. 426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Calyx strongly accrescent at maturity........................2-. 1. S. physocalyx. Calyx not accrescent. Plants erect, not hirsute...........20000 000 c ccc c cece ceece 2. S. neomexicana, Plants prostrate, hirsute................0..02-02-0- see ee eee 3. S. diffusa. 1. Sida physocalyx A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 163. 1850. TYPE LOcALITY: On the Liano, western Texas. Ranae: Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; south of Roswell; Lakewood; Tortugas Mountain. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Sida neomexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 296. 1887. TYPE Locality: Mountains at the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Wright. Rance: Western Texas to Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Rita; Fort Bayard; San Luis Mountains; Organ Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Sida diffusa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 257. 1821. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘Crescit prope Zelaya Mexicanorum, alt. 950 hex.”’ Range: Texas and New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: North Percha Creek; Mangas Springs; Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; between Santa Rita and Mimbres. Dry hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 18. ANODA Cav. Erect annuals 60 to 150 cm. high, with alternate, simple, hastate or deltoid-cordate leaves and solitary axillary flowers, or these becoming somewhat paniculate above by the reduction of the leaves; calyx lobes triangular, spreading, thin; capsules depressed and radiate, of 9 to 20 long-beaked carpels, the flat summit hirsute. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Corolla lavender; sepals much exceeding the hispid carpels.... 1. A. lavaterioides. Corolla yellow; sepals slightly exceeding the stellate-hirsute 0) | 2. A. wrightii. 1. Anoda lavaterioides Medic. Malvenfam. 19. 1787. TYPE Loca.ity: Not stated. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico and South America, New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Kingston; Fort Bayard; San Luis Mountains; Mesilla Valley; Organ Mountains; White Mountains; Gray; Albuquerque; Belen; Bernalillo; Capitan; Dayton. Open hills, often in cultivated fields, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. A common weed in the southern part of the State in fields and orchards, especially in summer after grain crops have been harvested. 2. Anoda wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 22. 1853. Tyre Locauity: Summit of mountains near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Wright (no. 894). Rance: Southwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Hillsboro; Santa Rita. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 427 14. SIDANODA (Robinson) Woot. & Standl. Sidanoda Woot. & Standl. gen. nov. Anoda section Sidanoda Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 320. 1897. Erect, much branched annuals, with short stellate pubescence; leaves various in outline, alternate, long-petiolate; flowers small, long-pediceled, in open racemes or panicles; petals yellow or blue; carpels 5 to 9, depressed or ascending, dorsally umbonate or short-cuspidate, puberulent, never hirsute; seeds resupinate-pendulous. TypE SPECIES: Anoda pentaschista A. Gray. 1. Sidanoda pentaschista (A. Gray) Woot. & Standl. Anoda pentaschista A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 22. 1853. Tyre Locauity: Valley between Ojo de Gavilan and Condes Camp, beyond the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Wright (no. 893). Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Between Ojo de Gavilan and Condes Camp; Mesilla Valley. Lower Sonoran Zone. Order 34. HYPERICALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Styles wanting. Herbs; placentz axial...............-.....- 90. ELATINACEAE (p. 427). Shrubs; placente basal..................... 91, TAMARICACEAE (p. 427). Styles present. Petals united to above the middle.......... 92. FOUQUIERIACEAE (p. 428). Petals distinct, or merely coherent at the base. Styles united............222222020020- 95. VIOLACEAE (p. 428), Styles distinct. Sepals united into a tube; leaves not pellucid-dotted.......... 93. FRANKENIACEAE (p. 428). Sepals distinct; leaves pellucid- dotted ......2..22-2.2-2------ 94, HYPERICACEAE (p. 428). 90. ELATINACEAE. Waterwort Family. 1. ELATINE L. WatTerwort. Small, fragile, often aquatic, glabrous herbs with opposite or whorled leaves; flowers minute, usually solitary in the axils; sepals 2; petals and stamens 2 or 3; capsules subglobose, rarely 1 mm. in diameter; seeds small, striate. 1. Elatine americana (Pursh) Arnold, Edinburgh Journ. Sci. 1: 430. 1830. Peplis americana Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 238. 1814. Type LocaLity: Pennsylvania. Rance: British America to Oregon, New Mexico, and Virginia. We have seen no specimens of this from New Mexico, but in the Botany of the Mexican Boundary it is reported from ‘‘hills near the Copper Mines,”’ collected by Bigelow. 91. TAMARICACEAE. Tamarix Family. 1. TAMARIS L. 1. Tamarix gallica L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753. SALT CEDAR. TypE Locauiry: ‘‘ Habitat in Gallia, Hispania, Italia.’’ A cultivated plant, used very effectively for hedges in many places, often escaped. It may be recognized by its habit, which suggests the name of cedar (though it is not evergreen), and by its large panicles of small pink flowers borne profusely in 428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, the spring or early summer, It grows rapidly from cuttings and withstands con- tinued drought very well, nor is it easily hurt by alkali in the soil, characteristics which make it especially valuable for cultivation in an arid climate. 92. FOUQUIERIACEAE. Ocotillo Family. 1. FOUQUIERIA H. B. K. Ocorto. Spiny shrubs with several erect or ascending virgate stems 3 meters long or less, bearing leaves for but a short time in the summer, the spines formed by the indurated mid-ribs of the leaves of previous seasons; leaves oblanceolate-spatulate, entire; flowers perfect, in thyrsoid terminal panicles, bright scarlet, appearing usually before the leaves; sepals 5; corolla 5-merous, gamopetalous, broadly tubular, with a spread- ing limb; stamens 10, epipetalous; fruit an ovoid capsule with many seeds. 1. Fouquieria splendens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 98. 1848. Type Locauity: Jornada del Muerto, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus in 1846, Rance: Western Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Black Range; Upper Corner Monument; Big Hatchet Mountains; Hachita; mesa west of Organ Mountains. Mesas, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. A form with white flowers was collected by Metcalfe near Kingston in 1904. 93. FRANKENIACEAE. Frankenia Family. 1. FRANKENIA L. Branching shrubs 1 meter high or less, with small crowded leaves on numerous fascicled short branches and small white flowers, these solitary, axillary, sessile; sepals 5, united into a persistent tube; petals 5, white, clawed; stamens 6; fruit a few-seeded capsule included in the calyx. 1. Frankenia jamesii Torr. in A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 622. 1873. TYPE Locality: Colorado. RanGeE: Southern Colorado to New Mexico and webtern Texas. New Mexico: White Sands; Alamogordo; Los Mitos; Organ Mountains. In alka- line soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 94. HYPERICACEAE. St. Johnswort Family. 1. HYPERICUM L. Sr. Jounswort. Herbs 30 to 60 cm. high, with yellow, loosely cymose flowers and opposite sessile leaves, these usually black-dotted along the margins; sepals 5; petals 5, bright yellow, with a few black glands; stamens numerous, anited at the base into 3 or 5 clusters; styles 3, distinct; fruit a 3-lobed capsule with numerous seeds. 1. Hypericum formosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 196. pl. 460. 1821, TYPE Locauity: ‘“‘Crescit prope Pazcuaro Mexicanorum, alt. 1130 hex.” RanGeE: Colorado and Utah to California and Mexico. New Mexico: Higher mountains throughout the State. Damp meadows, in the Transition Zone. 95. VIOLACEAE. Violet Family. Low herbs, often acaulescent, with simple alternate stipulate leaves and complete irregular flowers: sepals 5; petals 5, irregular, one of them often spurred; stamens 5, the anthers erect or connivent; pistil of 3 carpels, with a single style, becoming a 1-celled capsule with several seeds, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 429 KEY TO THE GENERA, Sepals auriculate at the base; flowers mostly large and showy; lower petal spurred.........-.. wee eee eee 1. Viowa (p. 429). Sepals not auriculate; flowers small, greenish; upper and lateral petals markedly unequal. .............--.- 2, CALCEOLARIA (p. 431). 1. VIOLA L. VIOLET. Low perennial herbs, acaulescent or with short stems, with alternate stipulate leaves of various shapes; flowers solitary, scapose, on axillary peduncles, often of two kinds, the later ones cleistogamous; petals irregular, the lowermost spurred or saccate at the base; capsules elastically dehiscent. The writers wish to acknowledge their appreciation of the assistance of Dr. Ezra Brainerd in the preparation of the account of this genus, KEY TO THE SPECIES. Plants acaulescent. Leaf blades lobed. Lobes of leaves linear or nearly 80, numerous, extending nearly to the base...............---------------- 1. V. pedatifida. Lobes oblong, few, separate only about half way to the base. ..... 2-2. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eens 2. V. wilmattae. Leaf blades not lobed. Flowers white. .....---.---------------e2e- cece eee 3. V. pallens. Flowers blue. Leaves broadly ovate, obtuse; capsules 5 to 10 mm. long........2-...2-2 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee . 4. V. nephrophylla. Leaves deltoid, acutish; capsules 10 to 15 mm. long. 5. V. missourtensis. Plants caulescent. Flowers yellow or brownish.......-...---------+++--+-++++--- 6. V. pinetorum. Flowers blue or white. Flowers blue. Leaves deeply cordate; stems much elongated, slender, not cespitose...............-------- 7. V. montanensis. Leaves rounded to acutish at the base; stems stout, thick, cespitose. Leaves glabrous or nearly so........-.-.-...... 8. V. adunca. Leaves puberulent..........-....-.------+-+-+-- 9. V. puberula, Flowers white or nearly so. Stipules fimbriate ..............---------+---+---+-- 10. V. reptans. Stipules entire. Leaves nearly glabrous beneath; petals not retuse........-------- 2 eee ee eee eee eee 1l. V. canadensis. Leaves muriculate-scabrous on both surfaces; petals retuse.............-----+-+-------- 12. Y. muriculata. 1. Viola pedatifida Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 320. 1831. Typr Locatity: North America. Rance: Colorado and New Mexico to Saskatchewan and Illinois. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; between Park View and Tierra Amarilla. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 2. Viola wilmattae Pollard & Cockerell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 15: 18. 1902. ; TypE Locatity: Sapello Canyon, Beulah, New Mexico. Type collected by Mrs. W. P. Cockerell in 1901. 430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RanGE: Northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Beulah; Sierra Grande. This appears to be a hybrid between V. nephrophylla and V. pedatifida, and has recently been described as such by Dr. Ezra Brainerd. ! 3. Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd, Rhodora 7: 247. 1905. Viola rotundifolia pallens Banks; DC. Prodr. 1: 295. 1824. Type Locauity: ‘‘In Labrador et Kamtschatka.”’ Rance: New Mexico to Tennessee, New England, and Labrador; also in Siberia, New Mexico: East Canyon (Holzinger). The plant appears to be of this species, although it is not in such a condition as to make certain determination possible. 4. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144, 1896. Typr Locauiry: ‘In dry thickets of scrubby willows and Potentilla fruticosa, the valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado.”’ RanGE: Idaho and Wyoming to Nevada and New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Chama; Rio Pueblo; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Holts Ranch; Middle Fork of the Gila; Iron Creek. Moist shaded slopes, in the Transition Zone. 5. Viola missouriensis Greene, Pittonia 4: 141. 1900. TYPE Locality: Leeds, Missouri. RanGE: Missouri to Oklahoma and northeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Gallinas River near Las Vegas (Cockerell). 6. Viola pinetorum Greene, Pittonia 2: 14. 1889. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Pine woods of the higher mountains south of Tehachapi, Kern Co., California.’’ Rance: California and Oregon to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Cross L Ranch (Griffiths 4308), 7. Viola montanensis Rydb. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 263. 1900. Type Locatity: Jack Creek Canyon, Montana, RanGE; Montana to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama (Standley 6823). Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. 8. Viola adunca J. E. Smith, Rees’s Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817. TYPE LOCALITY: West coast of North America. RANGE: British America to California and New Mexico. New Mexico: Winsor Creek; Pecos Baldy. Damp woods, Transition to Hud- sonian Zone. 9. Viola puberula (S. Wats.) Howell, Fl. Northw. Amer. 1: 72. 1897. Viola canina puberula 8, Wats.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 81. 1890. Viola retroscabra Greene, Pittonia 4: 290. 1901. TYPE Locauity: ‘Sandy or stony shores and islands of Lakes Huron and Superior.”’ RanGE: Washington and California to Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos Baldy; Nutritas Creek below Tierra Amarilla; top of Las Vegas Range. Transition Zone. 10. Viola reptans Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 165. 1892. Viola pringlei Rose & House, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 29: 444. 1905. Tyre Locatity: Hills of Patzcuaro, Michoacén, Mexico, Ran@eE: Mexico to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Dulce; San Luis Mountains; Animas Valley. Mountains, in the Transition Zone. 1 Bull. Torrey Club 40: 259, 1913, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 431 This is a remarkable extension of range for the species, described from specimens from southwestern Mexico. The plants collected at Dulce were growing on a bank under pine trees. 11. Viola canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 936. 1753. Viola neomexicana Greene, Pittonia 5: 28. 1902. Viola canadensis neomexicana House; Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 233. 1906. Type LOCALITY: “ Habitat in Canada.” tANGE: British America southward to New Mexico. New Mexico: Chama; Tunitcha Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Kelly; Holts Ranch; Iron Creek; White and Sacramento mountains. Transition and Canadian zones. 12. Viola muriculata Greene, Pittonia 5: 28. 1902. Type Locaury: ‘‘In subalpine woods of Mt. San Francisco, near Flagstaff, Ari- zona.” Rance: Mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. New Mexico: Mogollon Creek; Iron Creek; Magdalena Mountains. 2. CALCEOLARIA Loefl. Low perennial herb with branched stems about 10 cm. high, small simple narrow leaves, and very small pale flowers; sepals equal, not auricled; petals unequal, the two upper ones smallest, the lower largest, gibbous at the base; anthers connivent, the filaments distinct, the two lower ones glandular at the base; capsules elastically 3- valved. 1. Calceolaria verticillata (Orteg.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 41. 1891. Viola verticillata Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 4: 50. 1797. Tonidium lineare Torr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 168, 1827. Hybanthus verticillatus A. Nels. in Coulter, New Man. Rocky Mount. 323. 1909. Typr Locauity: ‘Nova Hispania.” Rance: Colorado and Kansas to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. New Mexico: Sierra Grande; Mangas Springs; Black Range; Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains; Roswell; Florida Mountains; Queen. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Order 35. OPUNTIALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Sepals and petals very unlike, 4 or 5; leaves ample; plants not succulent, not armed with spines...........- 96. LOASACEAE (p. 431). Sepals and petals nearly alike, numerous; leaves reduced to merescales or wanting; plants succulent, armed with spines .......-- 2-22 - eee eee eee rene eee 97. CACTACEAE (p. 436). 96. LOASACEAE. Loasa Family. Herbaceous annuals or perennials with whitish stems; leaves simple, entire to deeply pinnatifid, covered with coarse barbed or stinging hairs; hypanthium more or less tubular; sepals 5, persistent; petals 5, often with 5 petal-like staminodia, white, yellow, or orange; stamens 5 to many, the filaments often petaloid; capsules 1-celled, with 1 to 3 parietal placentee; seeds 1 to many. 432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE GENERA. Stamens 5; plants covered with stinging hairs...........-. 1. CEVALLIA (p. 432). Stamens numerous; plants rough-hispid with barbed or hooked but never stinging hairs. Placente: with horizontal lamellee between the seeds; seeds flat, winged.........-..---2----1-----eee 2. Nutra. (p. 482). Placente without lamelle; seeds not winged. Seeds prismatic, muricate; leaves sessile........... 3. ACROLASIA (p. 435). Seeds pyriform or ellipsoid, striate with parallel curved lines; leaves petiolate (petioles some- times very short)...........-..2---2-2-200- 4. MENTZELIA (p. 436). 1, CEVALLIA Lag. Canescent branched perennial herbs armed with stinging hairs; leaves alternate, sessile, sinuate-pinnatifid; flowers in terminal heads; tube of the calyx short, with erect linear lobes; petals 5, plumose; stamens 5, erect, with very short filaments; fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 1. Cevallia sinuata Lag. Var. Cienc. 21: 35. 1805. Type Locality: Mexico. Ranae: Western Texas to southern Arizona and southward. New Mexico: Rincon; mesa west of Organ Mountains; Dog Spring; Lake Valley; Lordsburg; Hatchet Ranch. Dry mesas, especially along arroyos, in the Lower Sono- ran Zone. . 2. NUTTALLIA Raf. Herbaceous short-lived perennials (sometimes annuals) with white stems, at first rough, becoming smooth and shining below, or the epidermis exfoliating; leaves simple, alternate, more or less densely rough-hirsute with stiff, barbed or hooked, white hairs; hypanthium mostly campanulate, becoming hemispheric to cylindric in fruit; sepals 5, persistent; petals 5 or with 5 additional petal-like staminodia, of some shade of yel- low (often described as white); stamens numerous, the outer rows of filaments often petaloid; capsules 1-celled with parietal placentze lamellated between the flattened, winged, finely tuberculate seeds. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves pinnately toothed or lobed. Lobes of the leaves linear, several times as long as broad, 1 to 2 mm. wide. Plants small, 30 to 50 cm. high; flowers pale yellow, small. 1. N. gypsea. Plants taller, spreading, 60 to 80 cm. high; flowers deep golden yellow, larger..................000.22--0005 2. N. laciniata. Lobes of the leaves oblong, hardly more than twice as long as broad, 2 to 3 mm. wide. Petals bright yellow; some of the leaves entire. Some of the leaves oblanceolate; plants stout; capsules nearly as broad as long..............-.--------- 12. N. integra. All leaves linear; plants slender; capsules twice as long as broad.......-----20--- eee eee ee eee eee ee eees 13. N. springeri. Petals whitish or pale yellow; leaves all lobed or toothed. Lobes of the leaves few, 1 to 3 on each side, often en- tirely wanting; plants cespitose.............-.- 3. N. perennis. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 433 Lobes of the leaves more numerous, 4 to many on each side, the leaves never entire; plants not cespi- tose. Plants stout, widely spreading; flowers of medium size for the genus, numerous................ 4, N. multiflora. Plants tall and slender, not spreading; flowers small for the genus, few.................. 5. N. procera. Leaves sinuate-dentate, not pinnatifid. Flowers very large, petals about 6 cm. long; filaments not di- lated .....22-...ee eee eee eee eee cece ec eee e ence eee eeneee 6. N. decapetala. Flowers small, petals 2 to 3 cm. long; outer filaments usually dilated. Cauline leaves all sessile, not cuneate at the base. Petals 2 cm. long; flowers crowded at the top of the stem; leaves large, 5 to 10 cm. long, long-acumi- 1 7. N. rusbyi. Petals about 3 cm. long; flowers mostly solitary; cauline leaves short and small, acute................... 8. N. strictissima Cauline leaves, at least the lower ones, cuneate at the base or tapering into a petiole. Flowers bright yellow....--..........-...- weeeeeeee 9. N. speciosa. Flowers pale yellow. Involucral bracts narrow, entire.................10. N. nuda. Involucral bracts laciniately lobed, one sepal oc- casionally 80...........2----022- eee ee eee 11. N. stricta. 1. Nuttallia gypsea Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 149. 1913. TYPE LOCALITY: On pure gypsum, near Lakewood, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 6, 1909. . Rance: Southeastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Lakewood; 35 miles south of Torrance; Roswell. Gypsum soil. 2. Nuttallia laciniata (Rydb.) Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 150. 1913. Touterea laciniata Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 31: 565. 1904. TYPE Locality: Pagosa Springs, Colorado. RanGE: Southwestern Colorado, western New Mexico, and probably Utah and Ari- zona. New Mexico: Gallup; McCarthy Station; above Chamita; Zuni. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 3. Nuttallia perennis (Wooton) Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 32: 300. 1906, Mentzelia perennis Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 260. 1898. Hesperaster perennis Cockerell, Torreya 1: 143. 1901. Touterea perennis Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 277. 1903. TyPeE Locatity: In gypseous soil at Round Mountain, half way between Tularosa and the Mescalero Agency, White Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 184). Rance: Known only from the type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 4. Nuttallia multiflora (Nutt.) Greene, Leaflets 1: 210. 1906. Bartonia multiflora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IT. 1: 180. 1848. Mentzelia multiflora A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 48. 1849. Touterea multiflora Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 277. 1903. TypPE Locauity: Sandy hills along the borders of the Rio del Norte, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Gambel, 52576°-—15——-28 434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RanGeE: Colorado to western Texas and northeastern Mexico. New Mexico: Common nearly throughout the State except in the higher moun- tains. Dry hills and plains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. So far as we are able to judge from field observations, the plants of the western and southwestern sections of the State agree very well with the plants about Santa Fe. The plant found in the south-central part of the State appears somewhat different when growing, but we are unable to find characters to separate the two. The Santa Fe plant has rather bright yellow flowers which open only just before sundown, and the plant is rather widely spreading and, when full grown, almost 1 meter high; while the plant of the Rio Grande Valley, at the south end of the State, is generally lower, about 60 cm. high or less, its flowers pale yellow, fading almost white, and opening early in the afternoon, not infrequently by 2 or 3 o’clock. 5. Nuttallia procera Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 150. 1913. Type LocaLity: White Sands, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton & Stand- ley, August 18, 1907. RanGE: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: White Sands; above Tularosa. Gypseous soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 6. Nuttallia decapetala (Pursh) Greene, Leaflets 1: 210. 1906. Bartonia decapetala Pursh in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 18: pl. 1487. 1812. Bartonia ornata Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 327. 1814. Mentzelia ornata Torr. .& Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1840. Touterea decapetala Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 276. 1903. Tyrer Loca.ity: ‘‘Banks of the Missouri.” RanGE: South Dakota and Alberta to Texas and Nevada. New Mexico: Colfax; Raton Mountains; Albert. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 7. Nuttallia rusbyi (Wooton) Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 32: 300. 1906. Menitzelia rusbyi Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 261. 1898, Hesperaster rusbyi Cockerell, Torreya 1: 143. 1901. Touterea rusbyi Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 276. 1903. Tyrr Locauiry: Bellmont, Arizona. RanaeE: New Mexico to Wyoming and Montana, New Mexico: Farmington; Mora; Santa Fe and Las Vegas mountains; Mogollon Mountains; White and Sacramento mountains; Gray; Dulce. Damp slopes in the mountains, in the Transition Zone. 8. Nuttallia strictissima Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 150. 1913. Tyre Locauity: Arroyo Ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Type collected by David Griffiths (no. 5701). RanGeE: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Arroyo Ranch; twenty miles south of Roswell. Plains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 9. Nuttallia speciosa (Osterhout) Greene, Leaflets 1: 210. 1906. Menitzelia aurea Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 644. 1901, not Nutt. 1818, Menizelia speciosa Osterhout, op. cit. 689. 1901. Touterea speciosa Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 276. 1903. Type Locality: Estes Park, Larimer County, Colorado. Rance: Wyoming to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Colfax (Wooton). Hills and dry valleys, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 10. Nuttallia nuda (Pursh) Greene, Leaflets 1: 210. 1906. Mentzelia nuda Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer, 1: 535. 1840. Hesperaster nuda Cockerell, Torreya 1: 143. 1901. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 435 TYPE LocaLiry: ‘‘On the bank of the Missouri.’’ RanGe: Nebraska and Wyoming to northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Clayton (Howell 153). Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The original description of this species might with perfect accuracy be applied to any one of a half dozen of the species now recognized in the genus, in all but one particular. The statement that the ovary is naked is to be taken in relation to the description of the species immediately preceding (NV. decapetala), in which the ovary is hidden by conspicuous laciniate bracts. The plant here accepted as Nuttallia nuda is the only one we have seen “‘germine nudo,’’ even by comparison, and it has one or two inconspicuous bracts at the bases of the capsules. Its leaves are oblong, sessile, attenuate at the base, and repand- dentate, as described by Pursh, but not ‘somewhat lanceolate, interruptedly pin- natifid” as described by Torrey and Gray. It is evidently a much rarer plant than Nuttalha stricta, which has passed as Nuttallia nuda in herbaria for a long time. 11. Nuttallia stricta (Osterhout) Greene, Leaflets 1: 210. 1906. Hesperaster stricta Osterhout, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 174. 1902. Touterea stricta Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 276. 1903. Type Locauiry: New Windsor, Weld County, Colorado. Rance: Western Colorado to northern New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Clayton; Nara Visa; Cross L Ranch; Perico. Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 12. Nuttallia integra (Jones) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 61. 1913. Menizelia multiflora integra Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 689. 1895. Touterea integra Rydb. Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 100: 235. 1906. TypPeE Locality: Rockville, Utah. RanGe: Southern Utah to northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Tunitcha Mountains; Carrizo Mountains. Dry hills and mesas, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 13. Nuttallia springeri Standley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 26: 115. 1913. TYPE Locality: Mesa above the Abbott Ranch, Rito de los Frijoles, northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Frank Springer (no. 4). Rance: Known only from type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. ACROLASIA Presl. Annuals with slender, branching, rather weak, white stems, long internodes, and narrowly lanceolate sessile cauline leaves, with a rosette of basal leaves, the whole plant hispidulous with barbed hairs; leaves entire, coarsely toothed, or pinnatifid; flowers small, axillary or congested at the ends of the branches; sepals 2 to 3 mm. long; petals 5, yellow, obovate, 3 to 4 mm. long; filaments not petaloid; capsules elongated, cylindric or clavate, over 1 cm. long, with filiform placente, not lamellated between the seeds; seeds several, irregularly prismatic, finely tuberculate. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Cauline leaves pinnatifid............... 0.0.02 eee cece ee eee eee eee 1. A. albicaulis, Cauline leaves mostly entire, linear-lanceolate...................-- 2. A. parviflora. 1. Acrolasia albicaulis (Dougl.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 277. 1903. Menizelia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 222. 1833. TYPE Loca.iry: ‘‘On the arid sandy plains of the river Columbia, under the shade of Purshia tridentata.”’ Rana@e: New Mexico to Montana and British Columbia. New Mexico: Aztec; Cliff; Organ Mountains; Carrizo Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Acrolasia parviflora Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 138. 1906. Mentzelia parviflora Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 199. 1898. TYPE LocALITy: Eleven miles southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, on the road leading to Canyoncito. Type collected by Heller (no. 3750). Rance: New Mexico and Arizona. New Mexico: Near Santa Fe; Organ Mountains; Cliff; Hillsboro; near Rio Apache; Wheelers Ranch; Sandia Mountains. Plains and foothills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The plants from the southwestern part of the State have the cauline leaves mostly linear-lanceolate and entire, with only occasionally a toothed one. The species is close to Acrolasia albicaulis. 4. MENTZELIA L. Herbaceous annuals or perennials with alternate, simple, coarsely toothed or lobed leaves having short petioles, and solitary sessile axillary orange-colored flowers; younger stems, leaves, and capsules covered with stiff barbed white hairs; flowers of medium size; petals and sepals 5; filaments not dilated; fruit clavate-cylindric, with a few ellipsoid or pyriform seeds, these finely striate in curved lines. KEY TO THE SPECIES Annual; leaves acute or acuminate; seeds several; capsules thin- walled....... wee eee eee ee ence ee cence eee eeeeeee 1. M. asperula. Perennial with tuberous root; leaves acute or obtuse; seeds solitary; capsules thick-walled and woody...............-.-.-.---. 2. M. monosperma. 1. Mentzelia asperula Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 148. 1913. TYPE LocaLity: Trujillo Creek, Sierra County, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 1364). Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Trujillo Creek; Organ Mountains. Canyons, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 2. Mentzelia monosperma Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 149. 1913. TYPE Locaity: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 29, 1894. RanGE: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; 35 miles west of Roswell. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 97. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family. Green fleshy-stemmed spiny perennials, mostly leafless xerophytes of peculiar aspect; stems globose, cylindric, or flattened, tuberculate or ridged, often jointed, the spines and spicules borne on restricted areas known as areoles; flowers mostly large and handsome; sepals numerous, in several series, gradually becoming petaloid; petals numerous, of delicate texture and handsome colors; stamens very numerous; ovary inferior, with a thick style and several stigmas; fruit a dry or pulpy berry with thin or thickened rind and numerous seeds in the single cell. KEY TO THE GENERA. Plants with small terete caducous leaves; stems jointed; spines often barbed, accompanied by glochids; tube of the flowers short.............-.-----...- 1, Opuntia (p. 437). Plants without leaves; stems not jointed; spines not barbed, without glochids; tube of flowers more or less elongated. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 437 Stems short, mostly ovoid, globose, or short-cylin- dric, tuberculate; ovary and fruit smooth, neither scaly nor spiny........--.-..-...--- 2. MAMILLARIA (p. 447). Stems mostly short or long-cylindric, ovoid or occa- sionally globose, mostly larger than in the pre- ceding genus; tubercles confluent into longi- tudinal ridges; ovary and fruit not smooth. Ovary and fruit scaly, not spiny; flowers borne in the center of the stem at the apex.... 3. Ecxrnocacrus (p. 451). Ovary and fruit spiny; flowers borne laterally on the stem some distance from the apex. Flowers usually brightly colored, red, yel- low, or greenish, open during the day; stems thick and very spiny, with 6 or more ribs........-.---e eee eee eee eee 4, EcHINOCEREUS (p. 454). Flowers white, open at night; stems slender, 4 or 5-ribbed; spines very short and inconspicuous...........---.-------- 5, PENIOcEREvS (p. 458). 1. OPUNTIA Mill. Prickiy pear. Perennials with jointed stems, bearing small, terete or conic, fleshy, caducous leaves; joints of the stems flattened (‘‘prickly pears” or ‘‘nopales”’), cylindric (‘‘cho- llas” or ‘‘cane cacti,’ inpart), or clavate or tumid, smooth to strongly tuberculate; leaves usually 1 cm. long or less, to be seen only on the young joints or the young ovary; areoles with numerous retrorsely barbed glochids 3 to 15 mm. long and 1 to several slender or stout, long or short spines (in one section the spines covered by a papery sheath); flowers mostly large, with numerous sepals and petals, very numer- ous stamens, and a single thick style with several stigmas; fruit tuberculate or smooth, with several to many areoles, these bristle-bearing or sometimes spine- bearing, occasionally proliferous, dry or berry-like, with a thick rind (berry-like fruits known as ‘‘tunas’’). KEY TO THE SPECIES. Joints clavate, tumid, or cylindric, not conspicuously flattened. Joints clavate or tumid, smooth or tuberculate; plants low, 30 cm. high or less, spreading; spines without sheaths. Joints tumid when fresh and growing, simulating some forms of the Platyopuntiae when dry, very small, 2 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide and nearly as thick; tubercles not conspicuous; spines of the fruit merely spreading. Joints elliptic-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long and 2 to 3 cm. wide; bristles and spines very numerous, the latter white and small.................222--- 3. O. arenaria. Joints circular to short-obovate, 2 or 3 cm. long; bristles few. Spines white or whitish; joints short-obovate.. 1. 0. brachyarthra. Spines yellow or brownish; joints nearly orbicu- |S 2. O. fragilis. Joints clavate (in one species almost cylindric); tuber- cles conspicuous, especially in dried specimens; spines of the fruit in radiating clusters. 438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Joints large, 10 cm. long or more, nearly cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter (strongly tuberculate); spines 3 to 5 cm. long, yellowish brown (flat- tened, stout)...............2.2.-020--20-0-- 4. O. stanlyi. Joints smaller, rarely over 5 cm. long, clavate; spines various but not yellowish. Spines 3 to 5 cm. long, straight, slender, terete, ashy gray; joints rather slender, about 15 mm, in diameter....................----- 5. O. grahami. Spines shorter, 2 cm. long or less, one stout and , flattened, white, strongly recurved........ 6. O. clavata. Joints cylindric, more or less strongly tuberculate; spines inclosed in a chartaceous sheath; plants mostly taller, 60 cm. to 3 meters or more. Plants diffuse, about 60 cm. high, seldom more; stems 10 to 15 mm. in diameter; flowers yellow. Sheaths pale yellowish to white; plant of western New Mexico and Arizona.................... 7. O. whipplei. Sheaths yellowish brown; plant of eastern New Mexico and Texas..................0.20000 8. O. davisii. Plants taller, branching from a simple or divided main stem, 1 to 3 meters high or more; flowers mostly purple, yellow in O. leptocaulis. Stems slender, 1 cm. in diameter or Jess; plants about 1 meter high when full grown; spines long and slender, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 3 in each areole; flowers yellow or purple; fruit fleshy, smooth or tuberculate, scarlet or red- dish. Fruit small, about 1 cm. long, a scarlet berry, smooth; flowers small, yellow........... 9. O. leptocaulis. Fruit larger, 2 cm. long, green, more or less tinged with red, somewhat tuberculate; flowers dull greenish purple............. 10. O. kleiniae. Stems stout, 2 cm. in diameter or more; plants more or less arborescent when fully grown, 3 me- ters high or more; spines short, 1 to 2 cm. long, numerous in the areole; flowers bright purple; fruit dry, tuberculate, yellow when mature. Spines 2 cm. long, 4 to 10 in the areole; tuber- cles large and conspicuous; sheaths loose, shining and white at the base, brown- tipped, giving the stem a whitish tinge. .11. O. arborescens. Spines mostly less than 1 cm. long, 12 to 20 in an areole; tubercles mostly not conspicu- ous; spines giving a decided pinkish tinge to the stems..............2...2-.2.22.. 12. O. spinostor. Joints flattened, becoming orbicular, obovate, or elliptic, several times as wide as thick. Fruit dry, not succulent; spines light-colored, numerous (except in O. sphaerocarpa); joints small; plants pros- trate, spreading. Spines 35 to 100 mm. long, very numerous, 5 to 8 large ones in each areole................222-202eeeeeee 13. O. hystrictna. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 439 Spines 2 to 5 cm. long, less numerous, 1 to 5 large ones in each areole. Joints bright green, rather strongly tub2rculate, wrinkled; svines few, in the upper areoles, about 2 cm. long, slender, white; lower part of the joints almost naked; fruit spherical. ..14. O. sphaerocarpa. Joints paler, mostly obscured by the spines, not noticeably tuberculate nor wrinkled when dry; spines mostly covering the joints, the largest 4 to 5 cm. long, stouter, yellowish or brown-tinged; fruit longer than broad. joints. ...-.2.... 2202 e eee ee eee 15. O. trichophora. Lower spines not hairlike.......-.-.----+----- 16. O. polyacantha. Fruit succulent, a thick, rather tough rind surrounding the pulpy interior, red or purple when ripe; joints mostly larger (small in two species); spines and habit various. Plants erect or suberect, often 1 meter high or more, the branches often decumbent at the base, but at least 3 or 4 joints high. Spines pale yellow, uniform in color throughout, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 5 in each areole, appressed- reflexed; stems with a noticeable though short trunk.....-- 22 eee eee eee eer ececeee 17. O. chlorotica. Spines not as described above; trunklike stem always wanting (except in very young plants). Joints mostly reddish or purplish, or bluish green and glaucous, very thin, at least some of them armed with long, dark brown or black spines 4 to 8 em. long. .....------ eee eee eee ee ee eee 18. O. macrocentra. Joints never reddish, mostly yellowish green, thick; spines brown, yellow, white, or variegated. Joints prevailingly obovate, of medium size, the younger 10 to 18 cm. long, the older some- times larger. Spines few, short, mostly white or yellow, some- what reflexed; seeds small, about 3 mm. in diameter. Spines white..............----------+--+-- 19. O. dulcis. Spines clear bright yellow..........-.------20. O. lindhetmeri. Spines more numerous, darker colored in the typical form, the young spines dark brown, 3 to5 cm. long, porrect, spreading; seeds 5 mm. in diameter........ wee ence eee eens 21. O. phaeacantha. Joints prevailingly orbicular or ovate, the younger ones sometimes very broadly obovate, large, 20 to 30 cm. long, or even larger. Joints distinctly narrowed at the apex, ovate or elliptic; spines large, divaricate, 3 to 5 cm. long, stout, yellow at the apex, reddish brown at the base............-.-----------22. O. wootons. Joints mostly orbicular, sometimes broadly obo- vate; spines various. Spines few, on some joints none, yellow or brownish at the base, 1 to 2 cm. long....23. O. dillei. 440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ° Spines more numerous, 2 to 5 cm. long, diva- ricate, or the two lowest appressed, some- what flattened, whitish, or at least pale. Fruit oblong to clavate, large............. 24. O. engelmanni. . Fruit spheroidal, small.................... 32. 0. ascending, usually only the one or two terminal joints erect, mostly under 30 cm. high, sometimes forming irregular beds of an area of several square meters. Spines mostly white or pale, at most yellow or yellow- ish brown at base or tip; joints mostly small, 15 cm. long or less, of various shapes. Plants small, usually consisting of only a few joints, these 6 or 7 cm. long; spines slender, 3 to 5 cm. long; glochids yellow, very long on the edges cyclodes. of young joints; flowers red...................31. O. filipendula. Plants larger, often of numerous joints 8 to 15 cm. long; spines various; glochids usually not promi- nent, except on old joints, then very numerous; flowers yellow. Joints spiny only on the upper marginal areoles. .25. 0. Joints spiny almost throughout. Spines mostly 2 to 4 cm. long (plants resembling O. polyacantha, but with pulpy fruit); some of the joints nearly orbicular, 8 to 10 cm. long; seeds larger, about 6 mm. in di- ameter; roots fibrous..................... 26. O. Spines longer, 3 to 6 cm. long, slender; joints narrowly obovate, 10 to 15 cm. long or even larger; seeds smaller, 3.5 to 4 mm. in diame- ter; roots sometimes tuberous............. 27. O. Spines darker, stouter, light brown or dark brown, sometimes lighter at the tip or with age; joints mostly about 15 cm. long, sometimes larger, obo- vate, often broadly so, or the older joints almost orbicular. Spines yellowish brown at the base, lighter toward the tip, the lateral spines usually lighter col- ored and more or less appressed................ 28. O. Spines darker colored, mostly dark brown, widely spreading, 5 to 6 cm. long, or even more, rarely if ever appressed. Glochids on old joints very abundant and large, 10 to 12 mm. long; plant of the southern part of the State. 0.0.2.0. 0000. 29. O. Glochids less numerous and shorter; plant of the north-central part of the State.............. 30. O. stenochila. cymochila. tenuispina. toumey/. ' chihuahuensis. camanchica. In the treatment here given there is some uncertainty about several of the species, the degree and character of the doubt being expressed in the notes following the separate species, which should be consulted. Just what Opuntia phacacantha brunnea Engelm. is we are unable to determine. It is probably a form very similar to that here referred to O. toumeyi Rose, but should be an erect, spreading plant, similar to the species. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 441 Further critical study of the genus will undoubtedly result in the recognition of many more species in this distribution area and in the better limitation of the species now recognized. A specimen from Gallup, collected October 20, 1896, by Ashmun we are unable to determine. Its spines suggest Opuntia cymochila, but the joints are orbicular or even broader than long. 1. Opuntia brachyarthra Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 302. 1856. Opuntia fragilis brachyarthra Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 440. 1896. Tyre tocauity: Inscription Rock, near Zuni, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow in 1853. Ranae: Known only from the type locality. As described, this is a small tumid-jointed plant, possibly related to O. arenaria or O. fragilis. It has not been collected in recent years. A specimen from Santa Fe, collected by Bigelow and referred to this species, may be Opuntia fragilis, as that species comes into the mountains a short distance north of Santa Fe. Possibly Doctor Coulter may have been right in considering Opuntia brachyarthra a subspecies of O. fragilis. Until further material of O. brachyarthra from the type locality can be studied, it is probably better to retain it as a species. 2. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 82. 1819. Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 296. 1818. Type Locauity: ‘‘From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile but moist situ- ations.”’ Rance: Wisconsin and British Columbia to Kansas and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Lake La Jara; Tunitcha Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. 3. Opuntia arenaria Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 301. 1856. TYPE LOCALITY: Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas or Chi- huahua. Rance: Southern New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Mesquite Lake (Standley). Sandy soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Joulter refers Fendler’s 7, 150, and 153 to this species and to New Mexico. Where they were obtained we have been unable to ascertain. Opuntia arenaria has such a limited distribution in the type locality and occurs in a habitat so different from the region about Santa Fe (where Fendler did most of his collecting) that we are inclined to doubt the accuracy of the reference. It is possible the plant may occur in the Rio Grande Valley west of Santa Fe, but even this is doubtful. The collection at Mesquite Lake is the only one made since the type was gathered. The plants are notatallabundant here. They grow on the dunes of pure sand about one of the lakes or oxbows formed in the old bed of the Rio Grande. 4. Opuntia stanlyi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. f. 9. 1848. Type LocauiTy: On the Del Norte and Gila, New Mexico. Type collected by Emory. Rance: Southern New Mexico and Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Near Carlisle (Wooton). Lower Sonoran Zone. Opuntia stanlyi is a very distinct species with thick joints 10 to 12 em. long and 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, with large tubercles and various spines. It forms beds often 2 or 3 meters across and only 30cm. high orless. It grows on sandy mesas in the south- western part of the State, but is more common in Arizona. Our specimens are from very near the type locality. 5. Opuntia grahami Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856. TYPE LocaLity: Sandy bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso, Texas or Chi- huahua. 449 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ranae: Rio Grande Valley about El Paso and southward, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This is probably to be found in southern New Mexico, although we have seen no specimens, IJtis very common on the mesas about El Paso. 6. Opuntia clavata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North, Mex. 95. 1848. Type Locauity: About Albuquerque, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus. Rance: New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe; El Rito; Las Vegas; Carrizozo; Stanley; Tesuque; Socorro; Albuquerque; Laguna; Los Lunas; Cubero, Dry plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. A common plant on the high mesas and plains of the central and northern parts of the State. It is rarely over 10 cm. high and forms irregular beds sometimes 1 or 2 meters across, 7. Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. Opuntia whipplei laevior Engelm. & Bigel. loc. cit. Type Locauty: ‘‘From Zufii westward to Williams River,’’ Arizona or New Mexico. Ranae: Western New Mexico to Arizona. New Mexico: Gallup; Aztec; Puertecito; south of Ojo Caliente; Farmington; Cedar Hill. Upper Sonoran Zone. This is a characteristic low, cylindric-stemmed plant, reaching a height of 60 cm. in western New Mexico in the region about Zuni. It often forms dense beds 1 meter or more in diameter. The New Mexican plant, so far as we know, is always of this form and size, and has yellow flowers. Farther west, in Arizona, it becomes much larger and often has purple flowers. The species is most like the next, Opuntia davisii, which is fairly common in the eastern part of the State, on plains south and east of Portales. Both are low and very spiny and have medium-sized yellow flowers and tuberculate fruit. Opuntia davisii is stouter, with shorter joints and more numerous spines. The two are most easily distinguished by the sheaths of the spines. Opuntia whipplei always looks whitish or very pale yellow, while Opuntia davisii is a golden brown, these colors being due to the sheaths. 8. Opuntia davisii Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 305. 1856. Tyre Locality: On the Llano Estacado, near the upper Canadian River, New Mexico or Texas. RanGe: Eastern New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Red Lake (Wooton), Sandy plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 9. Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1'7: 118. 1829. Type Locauity: Mexico. Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to western Texas, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Mesa near Agricultural College; ten miles east of Hillsboro; Oro- grande; Guadalupe Mountains; Kingston; Upper Corner Monument; Tularosa; Socorro; Hachita. Lower Sonoran Zone. The slender-stemmed species of Opuntia of this type usually pass under the name of “‘tasajilla” among the Mexicans, although this species is also called ‘‘garrambullo,” a name applied to almost any shrub with red berries. 10. Opuntia kleiniae DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1829. Opuntia wrightti Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856. Type Locality: Mexico. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Low hills west of San Antonio; mesa near Agricultural College. Lower Sonoran Zone. The specimens here listed are referred to the above species tentatively and with considerable doubt. They agree in most of their characters with the description of Opuntia wrightii, but the flowers are a dull purple, more or less streaked with green. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 443 11. Opuntia arborescens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 90. 1848. CANE CACTUS. Type Locauity: Northern New Mexico. RanGeE: Colorado to Arizona and western Texas, southward into Mexico. New Mexico: Near El] Rito; Organ Mountains; Mangas Springs; Logan; San Rafael; Raton; Rincon; Cubero; Santa Fe; Socorro; Fairview; Queen; Sierra Grande. Plains and hills, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. This is the common species found almost throughout the State on the mesas and in the foothills of the mountains. It often stands 3 meters high or more. Thestems are used to some extent for the manufacture of canes, the reticulated woody part of the stem giving them a peculiar appearance. A number of names are applied to the plant besides the one given above. ‘‘Candelabrum cactus” is used, “‘ tree cactus” is fairly common in southern New Mexico, and ‘“‘velas de coyote” (coyote candles) is often used by the Mexicans. It is sometimes utilized as stock feed, though rarely. A low form, less than 2 meters high, occurs on the mesas of southern New Mexico near the Agricultural College, which may be different from the more common form, but it has not yet been separated. 12. Opuntia spinosior (Engelm. & Bigel.) Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898. Opuntia whipplei spinosior Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. TypeE tocaxity: ‘‘South of the Gila,’”’ Arizona. Rance: Western New Mexico to Arizona and Sonora. New Mexico: Hermanas; Silver City; Deming; Steins Pass; White Water. Upper Sonoran Zone. The species is easily confused with the preceding if one has only the descriptions to work with. Professor Toumey confused them in one of his earlier publications, but later corrected his mistake and pointed out very clearly the mistake made by Engel- mann and Bigelow in associating the plant with Opuntia whipplet. Opuntia spinosior deserves its name. It is more spiny than most of our Cylindro- puntiae; though its spines are short they are numerous and close together. The peculiar pinkish tinge given the stem by the color of the spines and sheaths is easily recognized when once seen and is very characteristic. This species is known in New Mexico only from the southwestern part of the State, where it is about the size of O. arborescens. In Arizona it is frequently larger. 13. Opuntia hystricina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 299. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘‘West of the Rio Grande, to the San Francisco Mountains,’’ New Mexico and Arizona. Ranae: Western New Mexico to Arizona and California. New Mexico: Aztec (Baker 481). The specimens upon which the species was founded were collected ‘‘at the Colorado Chiquito and on the San Francisco mountains,” both of the localities being in Arizona. Doctor Coulter does not report any New Mexican material and we have seen only one doubtful specimen. It is reported here also on the authority of the first collector, Doctor Bigelow. The original description says nothing about the flower, but Doctor Coulter says it is yellow or purple, a statement we are much inclined to doubt. Col- lectors should look for the species in the region between Albuquerque and Zuni, keeping in mind its strong resemblance to Opuntia polyacantha, from which it differs in the longer and more numerous spines. 14. Opuntia sphaerocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 300. 1856. Type LOCALITY: Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rance: Known only from the Sandia Mountains, New Mexico. The especies suggests some forms of O. polyacantha, but seems abundantly distinct. 444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 15. Opuntia trichophora (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 535. 1908. Opuntia missouriensis trichophora Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 300. 1856. Tyre LocALIty: Mountains near Albuquerque, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Range: Central New Mexico. New Mexico: Arroyo Hondo; Mesa Redonda twelve miles south of Tucumcari; south edge of San Augustine Plains; sandhills near the Chincherita Mountains. Upper Sonoran Zone. The species is similar to Opuntia polyacantha. The slender, hairlike lower spines give it.its specific name and are the distinguishing character. The condition is more noticeable in dried than in growing specimens. 16. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 82. 1819. Cactus ferox Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 296. 1818, not Willd. 1813. Opuntia missouriensis DC. Prodr. 3: 472. 1828. Type Locaity: ‘‘In arid situations on the plains of the Missouri.” RanGE: From near the northern boundary of the United States to western Texas and eastern New Mexico. New Mexico: Laguna; near Fort Defiance; near Albuquerque; 20 miles north of Gallup; south of Tierra Amarilla; west of Magdalena; west of Tiznitzin; Arroyo Hondo; Farmington; Raton. Plains and sometimes in the mountains, Upper Sonoran Zone. A variable and widely distributed species. The subspecies albispina Engelm. & Bigel., from the “sandy bottoms and dry beds of streamlets on the upper Canadian, 250 miles east of the Pecos” and ‘‘on the Sandia Mountains near Albuquerque,”’ is the form most common in New Mexico. It is scarcely to be distinguished from subspecies rufispina, collected in “rocky places on the Pecos,’”’ (probably in the region of Santa Rosa or Anton Chico), which is the type form. The color variations in the spines indicated by the names are hardly constant. 17. Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. TyPE Locauity: ‘‘Western Colorado country, between New Mexico and California from the San Francisco Mountains to Mojave Creek.” Rance: Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and California and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Hatchet Mountains; Dona Ana Mountains; Steins Pass; Lake Valley; Red Rock. Lower Sonoran Zone. This is the one Opuntia we have so far failed to transplant successfully, and we have tried several times. It is very rare, occurring only in the southwestern part of the State. The appressed, short, clear yellow spines are very characteristic, as is the short trunk which is usually present. 18. Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 292. 1856. Type Loca.ity: Sandhills on the Rio Grande, near El Paso, Texas or Chihuahua. Rance: Western Texas, southern New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Mesa near Las Cruces; Garfield; Deming; Mangas Springs; Steins Pass; Lordsburg; White Water; Dog Spring. Sandy plains and hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This is probably Opuntia violacea Engelm. of Emory’s Reconnaissance, although the drawing does not closely resemble the plant nor is there any means of deter- mining what the artist had to make his picture from. The only reason for believing that this name might apply is that Opuntia macrocentra is the common red-jointed Platyopuntia with long spines in the region mentioned and is ‘“‘suberect.”’ It seems useless in most cases to try to attach the names proposed by Doctor Engel- mann in this report to any species, because he himself did not try to use them, although WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 445 he worked with the cacti of that region more than almost any other person until very recently, and knew American species better than anyone else of his day. Well grown plants of this are suberect, about 1 meter high or even more. Many times the plants are smaller and sometimes, though not usually, they are spreading. It may be recognized readily by its thin, mostly circular, reddish joints and its long, nearly black spines. Occasional joints have no spines but abundant brown bristles. If grown where it gets plenty of water the joints grow much thicker, and lose their red color, becoming bluish green and glaucous. 19. Opuntia dulcis Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. TypE LocaALity: Near Presido del Norte, Texas. RanGeE: Western Texas to southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Mesilla Valley; Guadalupe Mountains; Mangas Springs. Lower Sonoran Zone. This is the plant referred to as Opuntia laevis? in Griffiths and Hare’s bulletins on cacti. The Mangas Springs specimens may be true O. laevis. The plant is intro- duced in the Mesilla Valley and is widely cultivated for hedges. It is said to have come from Chihuahua. 20. Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 207. 1845. Type Locauity: About New Braunfels, Texas. RanGE: Western Texas to southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Guadalupe Mountains ( Wooton 5505). Dry hills. 21. Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 352. 1849. Type Locauity: “On rocky hills about Santa Fe, and on the Rio Grande,” New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler. Rance: Colorado and New Mexico. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Puertecito; Gallup; Flora Vista; Chamita; near Magda- . lena; Rio Hondo; Gallinas Mountains. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This is the common suberect plant of the mountains and plains of the northern part of the State. When well grown it is often a meter high and where it gets abun- dance of water its joints are rather bluish green and thick and have dark spines. Where it is drier, the joints are often yellowish green and the spines lighter in color. Young plants are much smaller than the key requires and seem to be procumbent. 22. Opuntia wootoni Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 171. 1910. Type Locatiry: Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Rance: Known so far only from the Organ Mountains and Tortugas Mountain, southern New Mexico, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. This is perhaps most closely related to Opuntia engelmanni, having its spines arranged much as in that species, but the joints are narrowed at the top, being ovate or oval, and the long stout spines are yellow at the tip and reddish or brownish at the base. 23. Opuntia dillei Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 83. 1909. Type LocALITy: San Andreas Canyon of the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico, about 5 miles south of Alamogordo. RanaceE: Known only from type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The large, circular, thick joints with few or no spines are characteristic. 24. Opuntia engelmanni Salm-Dyck; Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. TypE LocaLiry: Near Chihuahua, Mexico. RanaeE: Western Texas and southern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Mesa west of Organ Mountains; Organ Mountains; Dog Spring; Lordsburg; Hatchet Mountains; east of Hillsboro; Red Rock; Deming. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The plant here called Opuntia engelmanni has been referred to under the name of Opuntia engelmanni cyclodes Engelm. & Bigel. in one or two publications of recent years. That plant was first collected near Anton Chico, New Mexico, and Doctor Engelmann separated it on the characters of small, globose fruit with larger seeds than the species and fewer and shorter spines on the joints. The plants from southern New Mexico match almost exactly, so far as spine characters go, material from near the city of Chihuahua, and fruit of the New Mexican plant is never globose but ellip- soid to slightly obovoid, about twice as long as broad. 25. Opuntia stenochila Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 296. 1856. Opuntia mesacantha stenochila Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 430. 1896. TYPE LOCALITY: Canyon near Zuni, New Mexico. Rance: Known only from the original collection by Bigelow. We have seen no material of this species. 26. Opuntia cymochila Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 295. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Along the Canadian River east of the Llano Estacado, and on that plain,’’ Texas, Rance: Eastern New Mexico and the Panhandle region of Texas. New Mexico: Nara Visa; Lakewood; Knowles. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, 27. Opuntia tenuispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 294. 1856. Type Locatity: Sandhills near El Paso, Texas or Chihuahua. Rance: Western Texas, southern New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico, New Mexico: Rio Mimbres; Deming; Mesilla Valley. Lower Sonoran Zone. This is the most common species in the lower Rio Grande Valley on the heavier soils, 28. Opuntia toumeyi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 402. 1909. TYPE LocaLiry: Tucson, Arizona. Range: Southern New Mexico and Arizona, probably in adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: North of Kellys Ranch, west of Frisco and north of Alma; Lordsburg. Low mountains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 29. Opuntia chihuahuensis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909. Opuntia mesacantha sphaerocarpa Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 431. 1896. Typx Locaity: Santa Eulalia, near Chihuahua, Mexico. Rane@e: Western Texas and central and southern New Mexico to Chihuahua. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Ancho. Dry hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. The New Mexican specimens exactly match the type specimen of Opuntia chihua- huensis and also match a specimen determined as 0. mesacantha oplocarpa Coulter by Doctor Coulter himself. We have cultivated the plant in the garden at the Agricul- tural College for years and have generally called it Opuntia camanchica Engelm., although with some doubt in our minds, because we were not certain as to what that species really is. Recently in the type locality of O. camanchica it was possible to see the plant growing in its native habitat all the way from the “Llano Estacado, at the base of the hills * * * * to the Tucumcari hills,’ where it is everywhere the common species. The plant from that region is darker green than that of the mesas about the Agricultural College; its joints are slightly smaller, but the spines are much the same; the habit of the plantisthesame. It willbe possible to determine the differ- ences now, since we have the two growing side by side in the garden. 30. Opuntia camanchica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 293. 1856. Tyre Locauity: Llano Estacado, on the upper Canadian River, Texas. Rance: Eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas. New Mexico: Foot of Tucumcari Mountain; hills near Tucumcari. Upper Sono- rap Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY——FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 447 31. Opuntia filipendula Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 294. 1856. Opuntia ballit Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 309. 1911. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Alluvial bottoms of the Rio Grande near El Paso, and eastward on the Pecos,’’ Texas, Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Knowles; Redlands; Queen; Lakewood; Jornadadel Muerto; Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Doctor Griffiths reports having seen this about Alamogordo. 32. Opuntia cyclodes (Engelm. & Bigel.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 309. 1911. Opuntia engelmanni var. P cyclodes Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the upper Pecos, in New Mexico.’ The type was collected about the mouth of the Gallinas River, near Anton Chico. Range: Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. What Opuntia angustata Engelm.' from Zuni may be, we are unable to determine. Britton and Rose are of the opinion that there is some mixture passing under this name, and Doctor Engelmann’s description and illustrations suggest this possibility, for a tuberculate fruit of the character drawn is an anomaly when attached to a flat- jointed Opuntia, although of course such a thing might exist. So far, however, we have never seen such acombination. The region contains two, and possibly three, species of Cylindropuntiae with such fruit. It seems best to omit the name from our list until itis better known. As figured and described, the joints are narrowly obovate, 15 to 25 cm. long and half to two-thirds as wide, with yellowish or whitish spines much like those of O. engelmanni. The plant is prostrate; the flower is not known. One of the spiny fruits figured suggests those of Opuntia polyacantha, somewhat enlarged; the other looks like that of Opuntia arborescens. Opuntia cymochila montana Engelm.? and Opuntia microcarpa Engelm.,? both of which came from New Mexico, are uncertain. The latter was described only froma pencil drawing. 2. MAMILLARIA Haw. PINcusHION CACTUS. Mostly small, solitary, proliferous or cespitose, globose to short-cylindric planta with spines borne on the ends of conic teatlike tubercles; flowers borne in the axils of the tubercles; ovary smooth; fruit neither scaly nor spiny; seeds smooth or pitted. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Tubercles not grooved on the upper side; spines sometimes hooked. Central spines wanting; plants small, 3 to 5 cm. high, with very numercus small white spines. Spines glabrous; plants depressed to umbilicate at the apex; spines of the upper tubercles often elon- pated... cece cece cece cece cece eee e cece eee e ee eee 1. M. micromeris. Spines pubescent; plants oval, rarely cespitose; upper spines.not elongated.........--.----..-e--20-e eee 2. M. lasiacantha, Central spines present, 1 or more; plants larger. At least one of the central spines hooked; plants small, globose or oval, not flat-topped; spines all slender, the radials white, numerous, the centrals dark- colored, brown or black. 1 Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 292. 1856. 2 Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 296. 1856. 3 In Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. /. 7. 1848. 448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Only 1 central spine in each areole hooked; radials 15 to 80.2.2... eee eee cee eee 3. M. grahami. More than 1 central hooked in some of the areoles; radials 8 to 12......... 2.0... cee eee cece e eee 4, M. wrightti. . None of the spines hooked, the centrals usually 1, some- times wanting; plants flat-topped, with turbinate root and milky juice. Radial spines few, 5 to 9, stout, dull-colored......... . 5. M. meiacantha. Radials more numerous, 10 to 20, slender, white..... 6. M. heyderi. Tubercles grooved on the upper side (in M. macromeris the groove wanting in young plants and never reaching the axil); none of the spines hooked. Central spines none or 1; plants small, subglobose, 2 to5 cm. high; radials very numerous, 30 to 50, 5 to 10 mm, 0 0 7. M. dasyacantha. Centrals several, generally 3 or more; plants larger, of various shapes; radials various. Tubercles large, 12 to 35 mm. long (mostly about 20 mm.); plants large, with long spines, Flowers rose purple; central spines mostly 4, dark, slender but strong, 2 to 5 cm. long; plants COSPILOS...... seek cee ee ee ce eee cece 8. M. macromeris. Flowers brownish yellow; centrals 2 to 5, light-colored, stout, 2 to 3 cm. long (one usually curved downward at the tip); plants mostly solitary.. 9. M. scheerii. Tubercles smaller, usually less than 12 mm. long; plants small, with relatively short and numerous spines. Fruit bright red; lower spines deciduous, leaving the base of the plant tuberculate with dry corky protuberances; spines numerous, white; centrals 5 to 9, glaucous, purple-tipped....... 10. M. tuberculosa. Fruit green; lower spines rarely deciduous; base of the plant little or not at all tuberculate; spines numerous, but the centrals mostly darker and not quite so numerous (except in M. radiosa neomexicana),. Stigmas short-mucronate; plants proliferous and cespitose; seeds yellowish brown........ ll. M., vivipara. Stigmas obtuse; plants sparingly proliferous, usually solitary; seeds reddish brown, slightly larger...............0..200--0--- 12. M. radiosa, The references by Coulter! of Cactus scolymoides and C. echinus to New Mexico are probably dependent upon an incorrect determination of Mamillaria scheerii, for the former at least; and he does not cite any specimens of the latter species, although including it in our range. We have seen no specimens of either species from New Mexico. 1. Mamillaria micromeris Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 260. 1856. Type Locatity: ‘‘From El Paso eastward to the San Pedro River,”’ Texas. Ranoe: Western Texas and southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Sacramento Mountains; Guadalupe Mountains; Capitan Mountains. Dry limestone mountains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. ‘Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 115, 116. 1896. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 449 This little plant is rather interesting and is prized as somewhat of a rarity by cactus growers. The flat or sunken top, the numerous fine, smooth, white spines, at the top much Jonger and spirally arranged, and the small size make the plant easily recogniz- able. Its habit of producing the clavate, few-seeded, red fruit several months after flowering is a striking peculiarity. 2. Mamillaria lasiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856. TYPE LOcALITY: On the Pecos River, western Texas. Rance: Western Texas and southern New Mexico and Arizona; also in adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Mouth of Dark Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains (Wooton). Dry lime- stone hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This superficially resembles the preceding to such an extent that a careless observer may mistake it for that species. But it is never flat or sunken at the top, and may always be recognized by its pubescent, fine, white spines. 3. Mamillaria grahami Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856. Tyre Locauity: ‘“‘Mountainous regions from El Paso, southward and westward,”’ Chihuahua. RANGE: Utah to western Texas, southern California, and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; mountains east of Dona Ana; Mzngas Springs; Burro Mountains. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 4. Mamillaria wrightii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856. Tyre Locauity: Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico. Type collected by Wright. Rance: Western Texas, New Mexico, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Mangas Springs; Burro Mountains; White Oaks. Upper Sonoran Zone. Pressed material of this species is hard to distinguish from the preceding, but the characters given in the key will hold. Growing plants are more easily distinguishable. Mamillaria grahami is usually so thickly covered with fine white radials that it is difficult to see the tubercles, and the hooked central spines are reddish brown; while in M. wrightii the plants appear green because of the fewer radials and the almost black, hooked centrals are noticeably more numerous. 5. Mamillaria meiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 263. 1856. Type Locality: ‘Western Texas and New Mexico.” Rance: Mountains of western Texas, southern New Mexico, and northern Chi- huahua. New Mexico: Queen. Upper Sonoran Zone. This species and the next are easily separated from all other Mamillarias by the shape of the plant, this appearing as a flat-topped disk of spiny tubercles at most only a few centimeters above the surface of the soil and often about flush with it. Often the plants occur in crevices of the rocks and surrounded by grasses and other plants in such a way as to be easily overlooked. They are difficult to dig up because they have large, thickened, turbinate, sometimes branching roots. The tubercles are rather wide apart in well-grown plants and stand erect, with the short stout spines surmounting them. The flowers are small and inconspicuous, but the fruits are bright red. The spine characters given in the key will separate the two species. 6. Mamillaria heyderi Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 20. 1848. TYPE LOCALITY: Texas. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Organ Mountains; Tortugas Mountain; Cooks Peak; Hillsboro; Stiens Pass; Mangas Springs Upper Sonoran Zone. 52576°—15 29 '450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. All of the New Mexican material that we have seen is to be referred to Mamillaria heydert rather than the subspecies hemisphaerica, if the character which gives rise to the name is considered. The New Mexican plant is always flat-topped, with more or less turbinate thickened root. It is not infrequently even larger than described. 7. Mamillaria dasyacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856. Type LocALity: ‘‘E] Paso and eastward,’’ Texas. Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Big Hatchet Mountains; Kingston; Lake Valley; Mogollon Creek. Dry mountains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 8. Mamillaria macromeris Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 97. 1848. Type Locauity: Sandy soil near Dona Ana, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus. Rance: Southern New Mexico to western Texas and Chihuahua. New Mexico: Dona Ana; Parkers Well; plains south of White Sands; Tortugas Mountain. Mesas and sandy soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. One of the commonest Mamillarias of the southern part of the State, growing on sandy mesas, forming rounded clumps sometimes almost a meter in diameter. The indi- vidual plants are frequently 20 cm. long, fully half of the length being under ground. They are rather dark green; the tubercles are large, the groove never reaching the summit and soinetimes wanting in young plants; the spines are long, the radials dull- colored and often bent, the centrals dark, almost black, slender but stiff. The flowers are a bright rose purple, sometimes lighter, often turning lavender; they are large, 5 cm. long or more and opening as wide, and usually are produced in profusion in the middle of the summer. The species is a very desirable one for cultivation 9. Mamillaria scheerii Miithlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 97. 1847. TYPE LocaLity: Mexico. Rance: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Lordsburg; mesa near Agricultural College. Gravelly mesas and in the mountains, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Only 4 or 5 plants have been found around the Agricultural College. The flowers are 5 or 6 cm. long and of a peculiar bronze or brownish yellow, different from most of our other Cactaceae. The single plants sometimes reach a height of 15 cm. and almost as great a diameter, being the largest single Mamillaria plants found in New Mexico. The tubercles in such plants are 25 mm. long, and are distant, spreading, and conic; the central spines are stout, one of them more or less curved downward at the tip but not hooked. The fruit is green, pulpy, irregularly clavate or obovate, with numerous brownish red seeds. It is one of the most interesting of the New Mexican Mamillarias for pot culture. 10. Mamillaria tuberculosa Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856. Mamillaria strobiliformis Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 104. 1850, not Miihlenpf. 1848, nor Engelm. 1848. Type Locauity: ‘From the Pecos to Leon Springs, Eagle Springs, and El Paso, on the higher mountains,’’ Texas. RanaeE: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Van Pattens; near Hillsboro. Low, dry moun- tains, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, mostly on limestone soil. This little plant, with its dense coat of white radial spines and dusky-tipped cen- trals, its proliferous habit, its tuberculate base, its small pink flowers, and its bright red, tart fruit, is one of the commonest species of the southern part of the State, where it is found growing in the crevices of limestone rocks, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 451 11. Mamillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 72. 1819. Cactus viviparus Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. no. 22. 1813. Type Locauity: ‘‘Near the Mandan towns on the Missourie: lat, near 49°.”’ Rance: British America to Montana, Nebraska, Utah, and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Chusca Mountains; Tierra Amarilla. Plains. It is difficult to separate this species from Mamillaria radiosa and its subspecies, but, generally speaking, the plants referred to M. vivipara have the more northerly range, are smaller and cespitose, and have fewer, shorter, and more slender spines, though the differences seem to be of degree rather than kind. Mamillaria vivipara is very rare in the State, only two collections of it being on record, but it is to be expected in the mountains or on the high plains in the northern part. Mamillaria radiosa and its subspecies necomericana are common almost every- where above 1,500 meters throughout the State and it is altogether probable that the subspecies arizonica occurs along the southwestern border. 12. Mamillaria radiosa Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 196. 1850. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Sterile, sandy soil on the Pierdenales,”’ Texas. Rance: Colorado and New Mexico to western Texas and northeastern Mexico. New Mexico: Pecos; head of the Rio Mimbres; Lake Valley; Nara Visa; Tierra Amarilla; Mogollon Creek; Sierra Grande; Farmington; Santa Fe; Raton. Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. 12a. Mamillaria radiosa neomexicana Engelm. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. Cact. 64, 1859. Mamillaria vivipara radiosa neomexicana Engelm, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 269, 1856. Mamillaria neomexicana A. Nels. in Coulter, New Man. Rocky Mount. 327. 1909. Typr LocALiry: ‘‘From western Texas to New Mexico.” Ranae: New Mexico to western Texas and Mexico. New Mexico: Stinking Lake; Tucumcari; Mule Creek; near Black Rock; foot of Eagle Peak; San Antqnio; Burro Mountains; Gallup; Mangas Springs; Inscription Rock; Santa Fe; Magdalena Mountains; Sandia Mountains; Cooks Peak. Upper Sonoran Zone. : This is with difficulty distinguishable from the species or from subspecies arizonica. Those forms with 20 to 30 radials 6 to 8 mm. long and 4 or 5 centrals of about the same length not pronouncedly purplish or reddish brown, on tubercles 8 to 12 mm. long, are referred to M. radiosa. Neomexicana has more numerous radials, 14 to 40, and centrals mostly 6 to 9 (3 to 12), slightly larger tubercles, and longer spines, the cen- trals purplish, especially with age. Arizonica is somewhat stouter, with fewer but longer spines, radials 15 to 20, up to 20 mm. long, centrals 3 to 6, reddish brown above, and tubercles 12 to 25 mm. long; its flowers, also, are considerably larger. In the present state of our knowledge, it is most convenient to recognize these as forms of a single species, perhaps the commonest Mamillaria in the State. 3. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto. Globose or short-cylindric plants, mostly solitary, with tubercles coalescing into vertical or spirally twisted ridges bearing clusters of mostly stout, more or less flat- tened, curved or sometimes hooked spines; flower-bearing areole above the young spine-bearing ones, the plants thus blooming in the center at the top; ovary scaly or woolly, not spiny; fruit dry or succulent, scaly or smooth. 452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Some of the spines hooked. Central spines 1, hooked, some of the laterals also hooked, slender, terete, about 10 cm. long; plants small, about 10 cm. high..................-.---2-------- 1. E. uncinatus wrightit. Centrals 4, stout, flattened or quadrangular, 5 to 7.5 cm. long (rarely 10 cm.); plants often large, up to 90 cm, high and 30 cm. in diameter. Plants small, 10 cm. high or less, 8 cm. or less in di- ameter........-..---------2 2222 eee eee eee ... 2. E. glaucus. Plants large, 50 cm. high or over, more than 30 cm. in diameter........-...--------+-------------- 3. EL wislizent. None of the spines hooked. Centrals 2 to 4, not stout; plants small, 10 cm. high or less. Spines flat, flexible, chartaceous; ridges broken into tubercles. .......22.--..-2-2222 22222000 ee eee 4. E. papyracanthus. Spines terete, stiff though small; ridges continuous.. 5. FE. intertextus. Centrals 1 or none, very stout and horny; plants larger, 10 to 25 em. in diameter. Ribs few, 8 to 10, rounded; spines mostly terete; plants about 10 cm. in diameter, spheroidal... 6. E. horizonthalonius. Ribs more numerous, 13 to 21, more acute; spines compressed; plants 20 to 30 cm. in diameter, depressed .......----222.. 202-2 e eee ee eee ee eee 7. E. texensis. 1. Echinocactus uncinatus wrightii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 277. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘‘Near El Paso and on the river below.”’ Rance: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Pena Blanca; Bishops Cap. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. A rare species, known in New Mexico only from the dry foothills in the southern part of the State. It is subcylindric to almost hemispheric, about 10 cm. high and nearly as great in diameter, not including the long, slender, hooked, yellow spines, which are sometimes twice as long as the body of the plant. The ribs are rather prominent, the radials about 8, slender, light-colored; the flowers are small for the genus, about 25 mm. long, of a dull brownish purple and glabrous. 2. Echinocactus glaucus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 438. 1903. Type Locauity: Dry Creek, Mesa Grande, Colorado. Rance: Colorado and Utah to Arizona and northwestern New Mexico. New Mexico: Carrizo Mountains; Shiprock. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Echinocatus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 96. 1848. VIZNAGA. Type Loca.ity: Near Dona Ana, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus in 1846. Rance: Utah and Arizona to western Texas and neighboring Mexico. New Mexico: Pena Blanca; mesa west of Organ Mountains; Filmore Canyon; Little Florida Mountains. Lower Sonoran Zone. The largest cylindric-stemmed cactus found in our range. It is sometimes 70 to 90 cm. high and mostly about 40 to 50 cm. in diameter. The spines are numerous; the lowest radials are slender and whitish, the others stouter and rigid, and the 4 centrals stout, reddish, banded, the lowest ones sometimes 5 or 6 cm. long, flattened and bony, strongly hooked downward. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 453 The plants of this species are used considerably in southern New Mexico and about El Paso, Texas, as a decorative plant in dooryards, especially where water is scanty, and they lend themselves readily to such treatment. They bloom rather late in summer, the blossoms being followed by the scaly yellow fruit which often persists for several years. The pulpy interior tissue of these plants is used by Mexican candy makers, who cut it into irregular pieces and candy it by boiling in a saturated sugar solution, mak- ing what they call ‘“cubiertas,” or ‘‘dulce de viznaga,’’ a most palatable sweetmeat. 4. Echinocactus papyracanthus Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 202. 1863. Mamillaria papyracantha Engelm, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 49. 1849. Type Locauiry: In a valley between the lower hills, near Santa Fe, New Mexico, Rance: Known only from the type locality. The type was collected by Fendler in 1847 (no. 279). Coulter also reports a speci- men collected near Santa Fe in 1882 by Bandelier. 5. Echinocactus intertextus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 277. 1856. Type Locauiry: ‘From El Paso to the Limpio,’’ Texas. Ranae: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Mesa west of Organ Mountains; Socorro; Organ Mountains; Rincon; Cooks Peak. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. This species is a small plant, short-cylindric or globose, 10 cm. high or less and usually about 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, suggesting some of the species of Mamillaria more than Echinocactus. Its spines are white, reddish above, short, about 1 cm. long, numerous, and very closely set, densely covering the plant. The flowers are small, 15 to 20 mm. long, with numerous pale pink, acute petals, followed by a small dry fruit. The subspecies dasyacantha Engelm.! has longer and more erect upper spines. It seems to be merely a growth form. We have seen a specimen of this collected at Rincon by Evans in 1891. 6. Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 19. 1839. Echinocactus horizonthalonius centrispinus Engelm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 3: 276. 1856. Type Loca.ity: Not stated. Rance: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Guadalupe Mountains; Bishops Cap; Guadalupe Canyon. Limestone soil, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This plant is about spherical, 20 cm. or less in diameter, with 8 to 10 rounded ribs, suggesting a canteloupe in general form. The spines are few, 6 to 9 in each areole, stout, compressed, horny, reddish or ashy, recurved, forming a coarse network which sometimes persists and maintains the form of the plant even aiter the soft parts have decayed; the single central is not hooked. The large, bright pink flowers, imbedded in dense white wool at the base, open in bright sunshine and persist for two or three days, partly closing at night and opening again in the sunlight, like those of many other cacti. They generally darken as they age. The plant is hard to transplant, unless the soil in which it is placed contains considerable lime. The plants usually occur in crevices in limestone rocks. 7. Echinocactus texensis Hopf. Allg. Gartenz. 10: 297. 1842. Devit’s PINCUSHION. Type Locality: Western Texas. RANGE: Southeastern New Mexico and western Texas and northeastern Mexico. New Mexico: Knowles (Wooton). Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. Depressed-hemispheric plants, about 30 cm. in diameter and less than half as high, frequently only a little above the level of the ground, rather dark green, and with 20 1Loc. cit. 454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. or more acute ridges. The spines are few, 6 to 9 in the areole, stout, straight or some- what curved, compressed, bony or horny, reddish, with a single recurved central, this not hooked. The flowers are moderately large, about 5 cm. long, bright pink, fading as they grow older, white-woolly outside. They are followed by a pulpy, bright red fruit which persists for some time, unless eaten by birds or small rodents, 4. ECHINOCEREUS Engelm. Plants globose to cylindric (ours all erect: and stout), solitary, proliferous or cespi- tose, ribbed, 5 to 60 cm. high, usually less than 30 cm.; areoles usually approximate, often with the spines overlapping and almost concealing the stem; flowers borne close above old spine-bearing areols, thus lateral on the stem; ovary spiny but the spines deciduous from the ripe fruit; fruit succulent, with thin rind, edible, with a pleasant flavor in most species; seeds small, numerous. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers small, about 2 cm. long, green; spines reddish and white. Radial spines long, 5 to 10 mm.; centrals 8 to 6, the lower one about 25 mm. Jong, somewhat reflexed; plants conic at the apex........ 2... e eee eee cece eens 1. E. chloranthus. Radials short, 2 to 6 mm. long, rigid, pectinate; centrals mostly wanting, occasionally a few about 25 mm, long; plants depressed at the apex.............0.-2--0---- 2. EL. viridiflorus. Flowers larger, 3 to 10 cm. long, not green; spines variously colored. Flowers bright yellow, large, about 10 cm. long, closing at night; spines short, pectinate, more or less tinged with pink.......2. 00... eee eee eee ee eee a eeee 3. L. dasyacanthus, ’ Flowers never yellow; flowers and spines various. Flowers large, 7 to 10 cm. long, open only in daylight, purple or rose, never scarlet; petals mostly acute. * Spines short, rigid, pectinate; centrals mostly want- ing; flowers purple to rose. Flowers purple; spines white; plants small, 5 to 8 em. high...............22..2..0002-- 4. E. pectinatus. Flowers rose to red; spines variegated red and white; plants larger, 10 to 20 cm. high.. 5. E. rigidissimus. Spines longer, not pectinate; centrals long and con- _ spicuous; flowers purple. Spines dark, comparatively few, the upper cen- trals connivent-curved; stems only a few together or solitary.................2--- 6. EE. fendleri. Spines pale yellow to straw-colored, very num- erous and long; young spines straight, dusky; plants usually forming large mounds, often a meter across or more... 7. EH: stramineus. Flowers of medium size, 3 to 7 cm. long (rarely a, little larger), open day and night, bright scarlet, orange scarlet, or cardinal, never purple; petals mostly obtuse. Spines very stout, strongly angled, relatively few in the areole. Spines 6 to 8, mostly 6, twisted and curved; radials 2 to 3 cm. long; centrals 4 cm. long or More......-..-----.0e0ee ee ee eee 8. E. gonacanthus. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 455 Spines 3 to 6, mostly 3, shorter and not so stout. 9. E. triglochidiatus, Spines more slender though rigid, mostly terete, more numerous in the areole (except in E. paucispinus). Centrals none or sometimes 1; radials 3 to 6; . spines all terete or but slightly flattened, stout for the group.........-------------10. E. paucispinus. Centrals 1 to several, mostly 3 to 5 or 6; radials 8 to 16, mostly 10 to 13; spines often flat- tened or angled. Centrals mostly 6; flowers small, the petals UCULC. 0... eee eee eee eee eee 11. E. neomexicanus. Centrals 3 to 5, mostly 4; flowers larger; petals obtuse. Centrals stout, terete, usually gray or pinkish gray when young, dark eray in age, 15 to 20 mm. long.. 12. E. roset. Centrals more slender, yellowish to gray or darker. Spines short, mostly yellowish; centrals 14 to 40 mm. long, mostly about 25 mm.; plants rounded or somewhat de- pressed at the apex......-- 13. E. coccineus. Spines much longer, mostly dark, the centrals 25 to 80 mm. long, commonly about 50 mm.; plants conic at the APCX. 22. ee eeeee eee eee eee 14. E. conoideus. Echinocereus hexaedrus (Engelm.) Riimpl. from near Zuni, known only from the type locality, is probably only a form of EF. gonacanthus, orginally from the same region, where it is fairly common. What the plant may be which Doctor Coulter refers to E. octacanthus (Fendler’s 272, in part, from Santa Fe) we are unable to say, but it is likely to be either a form of FE. paucispinus or an aberrant £. coccineus. Schumann is certainly incorrect in reducing EZ. gonacanthus and E. triglochidiatus to E. paucispinus; the two angular-spined species may be the same, although this is doubtful, but E. paucispinus is more closely related to the E. polyacanthus group, not- withstanding its few spines. 1. Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) Riimpl. in Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 814. 1886. Cereus chloranthus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 278, 1856. Type LocALity: ‘Stony hills and mountain sides near El Paso.” Rance: Southern New Mexico, trans-Pecos Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain; Organ Mountains; San Mateo Peak; Queen; Cooks Peak; Rincon; Lake Valley. Limestone hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. 2. Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. in Wishiz. Mem. North. Mex. 7. 1848. Cereus viridiflorus Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. TypE LOCALITY: Prairies on Wolf Creek, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislize- nus in 1846. Rance: Southern Wyoming to New Mexico and western Texas. New Mexico: Pecos; Colfax; west of Santa Fe; Organ Mountains; White Moun- tains; Sierra Grande; Nara Visa. Upper Sonoran Zone. 456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The Organ Mountains plants are probably the subspecies cylindricus Engelm. and subspecies tubulosus Coulter, which are nothing but growth forms. The northern plants are usually much smaller. 3. Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848. Cereus dasyacanthus Engelm. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. Type Locatiry: ‘‘El Paso del Norte [now Ciudad Judrez],’’ Chihuahua. Ranae: Southern Arizona to trans-Pecos Texas and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico; Queen; mesa 10 miles west of Carlsbad. Lower and Upper Sono- ran zones. 4. Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 110. 1848. Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 5: 492. 1838. Cereus pectinatus Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat prope lila del Pennaso in locis temperatis.”’ RanGe: Western Texas and southeastern New Mexico to Mexico. New Mexico: Knowles (Wooton). Lower Sonoran Zone. Our plant is not typical and may be incorrectly determined. It is smaller than the common forms of this species, being only 5 or 6 cm. high; the areoles are not so numer- ous nor so closely approximated as is common in that species; the flower is larger, opens only in daylight, and is purple. Further study of the species will be necessary for more accurate determination. 5. Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909. RAINBOW CACTUS, Cereus pectinatus rigidissimus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 279. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘‘In the Sierras of Pimeria Alta in Sonora.’’ Rance: Western Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Deer Creek; Hatchet Ranch; near White Water; Dog Spring. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones, 6. Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Riimpl. in Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 801. 1886. Cereus fendleri Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer, Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. Cereus fendleri pauperculus Engelm, op. cit. 51, TYPE Locaity: Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Fendler. Rana@eE: Utah and Colorado to western Texas and northern Mexico. New Mexico: Albuquerque; Fort Defiance; San Mateo Peak; Apache Mountains; Socorro; Mangas Springs; Steins Pass; Hermosa; Hillsboro; Graham; Cooks Peak; Organ Mountains; Farmington; Carrizo Mountains. Plains and mesas, chiefly in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 7. Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Riimpl. in Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 797. 1886. Cereus stramineus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 282. 1856. Type Locatiry: ‘Mountain slopes, from El] Paso to the Pecos and Gila Rivers,”’ Texas and New Mexico. Rance: Trans-Pecos Texas to southern Arizona and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain. Lower Sonoran Zone, usually on limestone soil, 8. Echinocereus gonacanthus (Engelm. & Bigel.) Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 57. 1868. Cereus gonacanthus Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 283. 1856. Type Locauity: Near Zuni, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow. Rance: Southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. New Mexico: Twenty-five miles north of Gallup; south of Zuni Reservation; White Sands. Upper Sonoran Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO, 457 9. Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 93. 1848. Cereus triglochidiatus Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. Type Locality: On Wolf Creek, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus in 1846. RanGe: Trans-Pecos Texas to New Mexico. New Mexico: Near Santa Fe. Upper Sonoran Zone. 10. Echinocereus paucispinus (Engelm.) Riimpl. in Férst. Handb. Sact. ed. 2. 794. 1886. Cereus paucispinus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 285. 1856. Tyre Locauity: ‘Western Texas, from the San Pedro to the mouth of the Pecos.’’ Rance: Colorado and New Mexico to western Texas. New Mexico: Santa Fe; mountains near Albuquerque; Cedar Hill; Tunitcha Mountains; Farmington. Upper Sonoran Zone. 11. Echinocereus neomexicanus Standley, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 87. 1908. TYPE LOCALITY: Mesa west of the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Standley (no, 383). Ran@e: Known only from the type locality. 12. Echinocereus rosei Woot. & Standl. Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. err. det. Standley, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 85 f.1. 1908. Tyre LocaLiry: Agricultural College, New Mexico. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 535093, collected by Paul C. Standley in 1907 (no. 1235). Rance: Southern New Mexico, western Texas, and adjacent Mexico. New Mexico: Agricultural College; Big Hatchet Mountains; Socorro; San Mateo Peak. Dry plains and low hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. This has always passed as H. polyacanthus, and specimens from the vicinity of El Paso were referred here by Doctor Engelmann, That species, however, is amply separated by the presence of long, white wool in the areole of the ovary and fruit. 18. Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 93. 1848. Cereus coccineus Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 50. 1849. Cereus phoeniceus Engelm. Proc, Amer, Acad. 8: 284. 1856. Cereus aggregatus Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 306. 1896, possibly Mamillaria aggregata Engelm, 1848. TypE Locauity: About Santa Fe, New Mexico. Type collected by Wislizenus. RanGe: Colorado to western Texas and Arizona. New Mexico: Santa Fe; Burro Mountains; Upper Pecos; Anton Chico; Zuni Mountains; Burro Mountains; head of the Rio Mimbres; Raton; Carrizo Mountains; Tunitcha Mountains. Open rocky slopes, mountains, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones, 14. Echinocereus conoideus (Engelm. & Bigel.) Riimpl. in Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 807. 1886. Cereus conoideus Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 284. 1856. Typr Locauity: Rocky places on the Upper Pecos, New Mexico. Type collected by Bigelow, Rance: New Mexico, Arizona, and western Texas. New Mexico: Anton Chico; Fort Wingate; between Barranca and Embudo; east of Hillsboro; Las Cruces; Cubero; Lordsburg. Dry hills and mesas, in the Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. PENIOCEREUS Britt. & Rose. 1. Peniocereus greggii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428, 1909. Cereus greggti Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. Type Locauty: “North and south of Chihuahua.”’ Rance: Southern New Mexico and Arizona to Chihuahua and Sonora. New Mexico: Tortugas Mountain (Mrs. Z. 0. Wooton). Dry plains and hills, in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Reported as collected somewhere in New Mexico in 1891 by W. H. Evans. This species is apparently rare. The stems are slender, 20 to 40 cm. high or more, about 2 cm, in diameter, mostly 4-angled, with very small, stout spines 1 to 2 mm. long from swollen bases. The plant usually has one or two ascending stems from a large tuberous root. The flowers are about 15 cm. long, with a slender tube and white funnelform perianth; they open at dusk and remain open only during the night. Order 36. THYMELAEALES. 98. ELAEAGNACEAE. Oleaster Family. Shrubs or trees with silvery lepidote or stellate pubescence; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades entire; flowers perfect, polygamous, or dicecious, usually clus- tered in the axils of the branches of the present or previous year; calyx of 4 or some- times 2 sepals surmounting the hypanthium; petals wanting; stamens 4 or 8 on the tube of the hypanthium; pistil simple, becoming a drupelike fruit. Elaeagnus angustifolia, the oleaster, is cultivated in a number of places in the State. It is especially attractive because of the sweet odor of its flowers. 1. LEPARGYREA Raf. BurraLo BERRY KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves ovate or oval, green above; stems not spiny; low shrub.... 1. ZL. canadensis, Leaves oblong, silvery on both surfaces; stems spiny; tall treelike Shrub............2 020 -ce eee eee ee eee eee eee ec eee ee ee 2. L. argentea, 1. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. Iippophae canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753. Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 240. 1818, TYPE Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Canada.”’ RanaeE: Alaska and Newfoundland to Oregon, New Mexico, and New York. New Mexico: Brazos Canyon; Santa Fe Mountains. Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. A low shrub less than a meter high, growing in deep damp woods, 2. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. Hippophae argentea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 115, 1814. Shepherdia argentea Nutt. Gen, Pl. 2: 240. 1818. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missourt.’’ RanGE: British America to Kansas and New Mexico. New Mexico: San Juan Valley. Along streams, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, A tall shrub, usually about 3 meters high, with small, silvery leaves. The small, bright red berries are borne in great profusion. They havea pleasant acid flavor, similar to that of red currants, and are gathered for making jellies, WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 459 Order 37. MYRTALES. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Styles wanting; aquatics.............-----2+++++-- 101. GUNNERACEAE (p. 473). Styles present; land plants. Hypanthium merely inclosing the ovary... ..--- 99. LYTHRACEAE (p. 459). Hypanthium adnate to the ovary......-.-------- 100. EPILOBIACEAE | (p. 459). 99. LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family. 1. LYTHRUM L. LooseEstrire. Herbs with simple sessile entire leaves and slender angled stems; flowers perfect, dimorphous, mostly solitary in the axils; hypanthium short, tubular or narrowly funnelform, about 5mm. long; petals 4 to 6, rose purple; stamens 8 to 12; ovary 2-celled, superior, becoming 1-celled by the breaking down of the septum; seeds several. 1. Lythrum linearifolium (A. Gray) Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 828. 1903. Lythrum alatum linearifolium A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 188. 1850. Type LocALIty: ‘Rocks in the Cibolo River,’’ Texas. RANGE: Texas to Arizona, south into Mexico. New Mexico: Black Range; Dog Spring; Organ Mountains; Mogollon Mountains: Fresnal; Roswell. Wet ground, in the Upper Sonoran and Transition zones. (100. EPILOBIACEAE. Evening primrose Family. Annual or perennial herbs, rarely somewhat shrubby; leaves simple, alternate or opposite, exstipulate; flowers 2 or 4-merous, mostly conspicuous, small in two or three genera, axillary, spicate, or racemose, regular or slightly irregular; hypanthium mostly tubular and more or less elongated, sometimes spreading; sepals 2 or 4; petals of the same number; stamens as many as the sepals or twice as many; pistil usually of 4 carpels, with one style and 1 to 4 more or less united stigmas; fruit a 4-valved capsule, sometimes indehiscent and nutlike. KEY TO THE GENERA. Flowers 2-merous; fruit indehiscent, obovoid, bristly with black hairs.........--.-------+----+-++-+--- 1. Crrcaka (p. 460). Flowers 4-merous; fruit various. Fruit indehiscent, nutlike..........-.---------+- 2. GauRA (p. 461). Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with a tuft of silky hairs. Flowers bright deep red.....----.------- 5. ZAUSCHNERIA (p. 464). Flowers purple to white, never bright red. Iypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers about 2 cm, in diameter.....-.----2.0-2----+-- 3. CHAMAENERION (p. 463). Hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers less than 1 cm. in diameter...........---------- 4, Eprioprum (p. 463). Seeds without a tuft of silky hairs. Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers minute........------ 6. Hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers much larger. Stigmas discoid or capitate. Stigmas capitate; annuals....-.-- 7. SPHAEROSTIGMA (p. 465). Gayopnytum (p. 464). os 460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stigmas discoid; plants perennial, woody at the base. Hypanthium tube longer than the ovary; stigma en- tire..............2---- 8. GALPINSIA (p. 465). Hypanthium tube — shorter than the ovary; stigma 4-lobed ..........-.-- 9. MERIOLrx (p. 466). Stigmas divided into 4 linear lobes. Stamens equal; capsules without appendages. Petals white at first, some- times pink-tinged later; seeds in 1 row; buds drooping...............-. 10. ANoara (p. 467). Petals yellow; seeds in 2 or more rows; buds usually erect. Seeds prismatic-angled....11. OkNOTHERA (p. 469). Seeds not angled.......... 12. RamMANNIA (p. 470). Stamens unequal, the alternate ones longer; capsules winged or angled. Ovules and seeds numerous, clustered on slender funi- cull; plants with branch- ing stems............... 13. HartMannia (p. 470), Ovules and seeds few, sessile in 1 or 2 rows; plants acaulescent, or caules- cent. Plants caulescent, with long wiry stems. ....... 16. GAURELLA (p. 473), Plants acaulescent or nearly 80, with thick stems. Capsules distinctly double-crested on the angles; petals white............... 14, Pacuy.opuus (p. 471), Capsules winged or sharp- ly angled; petals yel- low or white........ 15. Lavauxia (p. 472), 1. CIRCAEA IL. ENcCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE. Low weak glabrous herb with opposite petiolate leaves and small white reddish- tinged flowers in racemes; hypanthium slightly prolonged beyond the ovary; sepals, petals, and stamens 2; fruit 1 or 2-seeded, indehiscent. 1. Circaea alpina L. Sp. Pl. 9. 1753. Type Locatity: ‘‘Habitat ad radices montium in frigidis Europae.”’ RanGE: British America and Washington to New Mexico and Georgia. New Mexico: West Fork of the Gila ( Metcalfe 516). Damp woods, in the Canadian Zone. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 461 2. GAURA L. Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with alternate, mostly narrow and small leaves, and small, red or pink flowers in terminal, sometimes elongated, racemes; hypanthium prolonged beyond the ovary; sepals and petals 4, the latter clawed and unequal; stamens usually 8, declined; ovary 4-celled; style declined; stigmas 4-lobed, surrounded by a cuplike border; fruit nutlike, ribbed or angled, indehiscent. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Anthers oval, attached near the middle...................-..---- 1. G. parviflora, Anthers linear or narrowly oblong, attached near the base. Fruit glabrous. Branches of the inflorescence, bracts, and calyx glandu- lar... 22 eee eee eee eee eee 2. G. glandulosa, Plants not glandular. Leaves deeply lobed or sinuate-dentate. Buds glabrous; bracts broadly obovate, acumi- nate .........-2-.------- 2222222 eee ee eee 3. G. brassicacea, Buds strigillose; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute...........222 ee eee eee eee eee ee eee 4. G. strigillosa. Leaves entire or merely shallowly repand-dentate. Buds strigillose; fruit not stipitate............-. 5. G. gracilis. Buds glabrous; fruit short-stipitate.............. 6. G. podocarpa. Fruit pubescent. Fruit on long slender stipes. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous. .......... .-. 7, Branches of the inflorescence cinereous........--... 8. Fruit not on long slender stipes, sessile or with a short thick angled stipe. Fruit not constricted below the middle, with spread- ing pubescence...............-..-..---------- 9. G. neomexicana. Fruit constricted below the middle, appressed- pubescent. Stems strigose to hirsute............2...----.--- 10. G. coccinea. Stems glabrous. Bracts linear, acute, much exceeding the OVATICS. . 2.222. eee eee ee eee ee eee eee ll. G. induta. Bracts lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, much shorter than the ovaries..............- 12. G. linearis. 1. Gaura parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 208. 1830. Type Locauiry: ‘Sandy banks of the Wallahwallah River.”’ Rance: Washington and North Dakota to Louisiana and Mexico. New Mexico: Throughout the State. Lower and Upper Sonoran zones. 2. Gaura glandulosa Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 153. 1913. TYPE Locauity: Reserve, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 9, 1906. RanGE: Mogollon Mountains of New Mexico, in the Transition Zone. 8. Gaura brassicacea Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 152. 1913. Tyre Locauity: Socorro, New Mexico. Type collected by G. R. Vasey in 1881. Ranae: Known only from type locality. 4. Gaura strigillosa Woot. & Stand]. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 152. 1913. Type Locaity: Wingfields Ranch on Ruidoso Creek, White Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, July 8, 1895. Rance: Known only from type locality, in the Transition Zone. . villosa, . cinerea, >) 462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Gaura gracilis Woot. & Stand]. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 153. 1913. Type Locatity: Forest Nursery, Fort Bayard, New Mexico, Type collected by J.C. Blumer (no. 44). RanaeE: Southern New Mexico. New Mexico: Fort Bayard; Hanover Mountain; Organ Mountains, Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone, 6. Gaura podocarpa Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 154. 1913. Type Locality: Bear Mountains near Silver City, Grant County, New Mexico. Type collected by Metcalfe (no. 166). Ranae: Southwestern New Mexico and adjacent Arizona, New Mexico: Bear Mountains; West Fork of the Gila; Santa Rita; Organ Mountains. Mountains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. . This and the three preceding species have passed as Gaura sufulta Engelm., a plant originally described from Lindheimer’s collections. All four of our plants have much narrower leaves, broader and much shorter bracts, smaller flowers, and larger fruit; while each, in addition, differs from that species in other particulars. 7. Gaura villosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 200. 1828. Tyre Locatiry: “Sources of the Canadian,’’ New Mexico. Type collected by James. Ranae: New Mexico to Kansas and Texas, New Mexico: Near Portales (Wooton). Plains, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 8. Gaura cinerea Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 152. 1913. TYPE LocaLity: Twenty miles south of Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico. Type collected by Earle (no. 533). Rance: Known only from type locality. 9. Gaura neomexicana Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 307. 1898. Type Locauity: South Fork of Tularosa Creek 3 miles east of the Mescalero Agency, White Mountains, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton (no. 204). RanGE: Southern Colorado to New Mexico. New Mexico: White and Sacramento mountains; Chama. Moist meadows, in the Transition Zone, 10. Gaura coccinea Pursh, I'l. Amer. Sept. 733. 1814. Tyre Locaity: ‘In Upper Louisiana,”’ RanGeE: Montana to Arizona and Texas. New Mexico: Common throughout the State. Plains and low hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 11. Gaura induta Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 153. 1913. Tyre Locauity: Dry, clay hills near Pecos, New Mexico. Type collected by Stand- ley (no. 4933). Range: Central New Mexico and Arizona to Utah, Wyoming, and South Dakota. New Mexico: Pecos; Santa I’e; Las Vegas; Sandia Mountains; Tesuque; Patterson; Farmington; Cedar Hill; Dulce; Nutritas Creek; Raton; Ramah; Estancia; Hebron. Dry hills, in the Upper Sonoran Zone. 12. Gaura linearis Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 154. 1913. TYPE Locality: On gypsum soil near Lakewood, New Mexico. Type collected by Wooton, August 6, 1909. RanGeE: Known only from type locality. WOOTON AND STANDLEY—FLORA OF NEW MEXICO. 463 3. CHAMAENERION