TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ADVERTISEMENT. The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled ‘‘Contributions from the United States National Herba- rium,’’ which it had begun in the year 1890, until on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. It ? } - fi Loh FT3 | J 7+ f 7 / ws LA 5% SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLUME 23 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO By PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1920-1926 NOTE. The 5 parts of volume 23 of the Contributions were issued as follows: Part 1, pages 1 to 170, October 11, 1920. Part 2, pages 171 to 515, July 14, 1922. Part 3, pages 517 to 848, July 18, 1923. Part 4, pages 849 to 1312, December 31, 1924. Part 5, pages 1313 to 1721, November 15, 1926. Bep™ The indexes for parts 1 to 4 should be bound with the complete volume, since in the index of part 5 there are reprinted only the generic names of the earlier parts. IV 7.) he les PREFACE. The present volume consists of an account of the trees and shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the United States National Herbarium. The work is based wholly upon the extensive series of Mexican plants in the National Herbarium, a large proportion of which have been obtained by special investigators sent out by the United States National Museum and the United States Department of Agriculture. The flora of Mexico, especially the arborescent flora, includes many species of great economic value. They furnish many products of commercial importance, such as henequen and ixtle fiber, palm oil, lumber, cacao, rubber, drugs, alcohol, and many fruits. Heretofore no descriptive flora of any portion of tropical conti- nental North America has been published, and the identification of the species of plants yielding important products has often been very difficult. Identification of material has been possible only by comparison with extensive series of herbarium specimens, such as are to be found only in the larger botanical institutions, or by reference to isolated descriptions, many of them available only in the largest libraries. The present work brings together all the published species of woody Mexican plants and furnishes keys for their identification as well as brief descriptive notes. Much information is presented also concerning commercial and local uses of the plants. The ver- nacular names of the trees and shrubs are given, and since these are fairly well standardized by local usage they will be found helpful as guides to the identity of fragmentary or otherwise difficult material. Several collaborators have aided in the preparation of this volume by contributing the accounts of certain groups in which they are particularly interested, as follows: Dr. William R. Maxon, Gleichen- iaceae and Cyatheaceae; Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, Poaceae; Dr. William Trelease, Agave and Quercus; Dr. S. F. Blake, Meliaceae, Polyga- laceae, Violaceae, and Asteraceae; Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, Passi- floraceae; Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose, Cactaceae; Dr. B. L. Robinson, Eupatorium and Ophryosporus; Dr. J. M. Greenman, Senecio. FREDERICK V. CovILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Vv CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ____-----_---_-2 2222. 1 Plan of the work__._-._________.._________ 3 Collections studied___________....__________ 3 Species included_________-._.___________________..... 4 Ranges of the species____________-__--____________.........___.. 5 Type localities___-.-_.._______.2 2-222 6 Vernacular names_-_____.___._____.._-._______________.________. 6 Economic notes__-.-.....__._.-...._._____.______._.---. 8 History of botanical exploration in Mexico_______._._____._.._.______. 9 Francisco Hernéndez__-_______.___________.___.____.._........ 10 Expedition of Charles III______..-___________.__................ 13 Alexander von Humboldt______._.________________._......._... 18 Systematic treatment________.__._.________________................ 19 Key to the families__.__.._____..._________________..__.._..... 19 Annotated catalogue________......_____________.......... 36 List of additions and corrections____._____.._________...._.___._.... 1643 Index.__-__----- 2-222 1683 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 23, PART 1 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO (GLEICHENIACEAE- BETULACEAE ) By PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE i 1920 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. TI ~ PREFACE, The present paper consists of the first installment of an account of the trees and shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Assistant Curator of the United States National Herbarium. The work is based wholly upon the extensive series of Mexican plants in the National Herbarium, a large proportion of which have been secured by special investigators sent out by the United States National Museum and the United States Department of Agriculture. The flora of Mexico, especially the arborescent flora, includes many species of great economic value. They furnish many products of commercial importance, such as henequen and ixtle fiber, palm oil, lumber, cacao, rubber, drugs, alcohol, and various kinds of fruits. Heretofore no descriptive flora of any portion of tropical conti- nental North America has been published, and the identification of the species of plants yielding important products has often been very difficult. Identification of material has been possible only by com- parison with extensive series of herbarium specimens, such as are to be found only in the larger botanical institutions, or by reference to isolated descriptions, many of these available only in the largest libraries. The work of which the present paper is the first installment brings together all the published species of woody Mexican plants, and furnishes keys for their identification, as well as brief descriptive notes. Much information is presented also concerning commercial and local uses of the plants. The vernacular names of the trees and shrubs are given, and since these are fairly well standardized by local usage, they will be found helpful as guides to the identity of fragmentary or otherwise difficult material. The account of the ferns of the families Gleicheniaceae and Cyatheaceae has been furnished by Mr. William R. Maxon, Associate Curator of the National Herbarium; that of the Poaceae, or grasses, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the Depart- ment of Agriculture; and that of the Amaryllidaceae, which includes the difficult genus Agave, or century plants, by Dr. William Trelease, Professor of Botany, University of Illinois. Freperick V. CoviLie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. IIL CONTENTS. Introduction_____-___-___.- eee eee - ene eee Plan of the work_____-__-__-__-___-_---------------------------+--- Collections studied_____________-______---_----------- e+ Species included____----_---------------------------------------- Ranges of the species____________-_-_-___---_------------+------------ Type localities___________-_____-_-------_-------~-------~-------+-- Vernacular names_________-_--- --§ 5 -----------ee ee ++ Economic notes_______-_--_-_-_- eee ~~ History of botanical exploration in Mexico__-__-------__----------~-- Francisco Hernfindez______________-------------------+------------ Expedition of Charles ITI____-___-_---_--__--_-__--------------+---- Alexander von Humboldt____-__-______-__-_-_-------+------------ Systematic treatment__________________________-_-------_-_----------- Key to the families___-_-__-_-__-_~>__-_ e+ Annotated catalogue_____-__--_-_----_-_------------------+--------- Index______----_-__-----_--------- ~---------+------+---+-++++-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-++-+- v CS bet COanmn1k WwW TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. By Paut C, STANDLEY. INTRODUCTION. The most interesting regions of the earth from a botanical stand- point are those which possess a tropical climate. There physical conditions are most favorable for the growth of plants, and not only is vegetation much more luxuriant than in temperate countries, but the number of species, especially of trees and shrubs, is vastly greater. West Virginia and Costa Rica, for instance, are temperate and tropi- cal areas of approximately equal size; but only 1,600 species of ferns and flowering plants are known from West Virginia, while the flora of Costa Rica includes more than three times and probably four times that number. Large areas in Mexico are neither tropical nor even subtropical, but no region of the globe, probably, possesses a richer or more interesting flora. Mexico has an area of 767,000 square miles, which, although only about one-fifth that of the United States, exhibits a greater range of climatic conditions. The extremes of elevation much exceed those of the United States, ranging from sea level to over 5,200 meters. Almost every conceivable plant forma- tion is represented—the wet tropical forests of the southern lowlands, the temperate deciduous and coniferous forests of the central plateau and of the ranges of the Sierra Madre, the alpine zones of the high peaks like Orizaba, Popocatepetl, and Ixtaccihuatl, and the great barren or cactus deserts which reach their best development in the northern states. The botanical features of Mexico have attracted attention from the days of the earliest explorers. Many botanists have visited the country in the last hundred years, yet the flora is still but imper- fectly known. Almost every collector at the present day makes dis- coveries of remarkable species previously unknown to science, and some plants are still unknown botanically although their supposed medicinal properties, or their products, such as fruit, lumber, fiber. and gum, are well known locally and are frequently even of com- 1 2 The name formerly applied to Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 11 with the objects of his commission, and refusing to practice his pro- fession for lack of leisure from his researches, although he states that he thus lost the opportunity of gaining more than 20,000 pesos. Taking advantage of his title of Protomédico, he assembled many of the Mexican physicians and directed them to test the native drugs and to inform him of the results obtained. He himself carried on experiments in the hospitals with drug plants whose properties he wished to determine. In September, 1577, Hernandez returned to Spain. He left in Mexico three or four copies of his manuscripts and sketches. Be- sides his manuscripts and herbarium, he carried to Spain many seeds and living plants to adorn the royal gardens. His execution of his Mexican commission must have satisfied the Spanish au- thorities, for he was offered a similar mission to Peru and other parts of the Indies, which he refused because of a desire to attend to the printing of his reports. His expectations in this direction, however, were destined to be sadly disappointed, for instead of being sent to the printer the manuscripts were buried in the library of the Escorial, although, as a Mexican writer remarks, “ with every honor,” for they “were beautifully bound, in blue leather covered and worked with gold, with clasps, corners, and ornaments of silver, all very heavy and of excellent workmanship and design.” Not- withstanding this unfortunate and ironical conclusion of Hernandez’s expectations, Colmeiro asserts that he had seen “ a sample impression of the colored plates which were projected for his natural history, with an estimate of the cost, to judge from which the edition would have been of uncommon beauty, and perhaps the first of its kind for that time.” Wearied by his disappointments, Hernandez survived only a short time, and died January 28, 1578. Neither the exact date of his birth nor his birthplace is known, nor the place where his remains rest. He left 16 folio volumes, six of text, describing the animals, plants, and minerals of Mexico, and 10 of drawings representing these ob- jects; also various miscellaneous manuscripts dealing with medi- cine, Mexican antiquities, and moral and religious philosophy. He had prepared a translation of Pliny’s National History, and had written at least two philosophical works in verse. Except for a few fragments, all these works were destroyed by the fire. which consumed the Royal Monastery of the Escorial in June 1671. Of the manuscripts left in Mexico nothing is known, and it is probable that all were lost within a few years after their preparation. Soon after Hernindez’s death the King moved to remedy the delay in the publication of his works by commissioning another of his physicians, Dr. Nardo Antonio Recchi, a native of Naples, to take 126651—20——2 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. charge of them. The latter apparently extracted from the manu- scripts the portion which he believed would be most useful to the medical profession, for it is evident that most of the matter he selected was of this sort. Some doubts have been raised regarding Recchi’s competency to perform the task assigned him; nevertheless except for his connection with the matter it is improbable that any — portion of Hernandez’s work would ever have been published. Recchi’s manuscript, however, met with no better treatment than the original one, for it too remained unpublished, and was taken later by its compiler to Naples. After Recchi’s death it came into the posses- sion of his nephew, from whom it was purchased by Prince Federico Cesi, a devoted student of natural history. By him it was turned over to the Accademia dei Lyncei, whose members undertook the arrangement and annotation of the manuscript and finally prepared it for publication. Through the Spanish ambassador at Rome funds for printing were secured, and the work of Hernandez, thus modified, was at last given to the public. There is considerable uncertainity regarding the actual date of publication, but the date of completion is believed to have been 1651.1. An abridged edition appeared as early as 1628, and extracts had been published by various authors at still earlier dates. An edition of the work prepared by Ortega was issued at Madrid in 1780. Hernandez’s work is of great historic interest because of the fact that it is the first extensive publication dealing with the botanical features of Mexico. It contains a great mass of information regard- ing the plants of that country, some of which, relating to practices of the early inhabitants, had been forgotten before other botanists visited the region. A large part of the observations relate to medic- inal properties of plants, and these are interesting even if not of much practical importance. It is unfortunate that the identity of many of Hernandez’s plants must remain a matter of conjecture, be- cause his descriptions are usually drawn in such general terms, and the illustrations accompanying them are often equally vague.’ The book, however, will always possess an attraction for those interested in herb lore if not for the taxonomist. It must be remembered that the work, as we have it, is not that of Hernandez himself, bat only a compilation or an extract, and that the original manuscript if it *Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu plantarum animalium, nineralium mexicanorum historia ex Francisco Hernindez, novi orbis medici primarii, relationibus in ipsa mexcana urbe conscriptis a Nardo Antonio Reccho collecta ac in ordinem digesta: a Joanne Terrentio, Joanne Fabro et Fabio Columna Lynceis notis et additionibus illustrata. Cui accessere aliquot ex Principis Federici Caesii frontispiciis theatri naturalis phytosophicae tabulae una cum quam plurimis iconibus. Pp, 1-950+1-90. ill. Rome, 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 13 could have been published as prepared would doubtless have been of much greater value. In recent years Mr. W. E. Safford, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, has spent much time in identifying the plants treated by Hernandez. He has published numerous papers upon the subject, and references to some of these will be found in the body of the present paper. EXPEDITION OF CHARLES III. The most elaborate botanical undertaking in the history of Mexico was undoubtedly the famous expedition of Charles III of Spain. That ruler decided to institute a survey of the natural resources of his extensive dominions beyond the sea, and for the execution of the project explorers were chosen from among the most learned scien- tists of Spain, parties of whom were sent to several of the Spanish possessions. One of these expeditions was dispatched to the Philip- pines and another, headed by Ruiz and Pavén, to Peru. Since Mexico was one of the two most important of the Spanish possessions, the party sent to that country, New Spain, as it was then known, was chosen with particular care. It was headed by Dr. Martin Sessé y Lacasta, who was to have charge of a proposed botanical garden. The other members of the commission were D. Juan Diego del Castillo; D. José Longinos; D. Juan Cerda, a draftsman; and Dr. Vicente Cervantes, who was to establish a chair of botany in the City of Mexico. The mem- bers were chosen by D. Casimiro Gémez Ortega, the director of the botanical garden of Madrid. ; The commission arrived in Mexico in 1788, and on the Ist of May at 5 in the evening there was inaugurated with great solemnity a department of botany in the University. Sessé delivered an in- augural dissertation which was preceded by the installation of the men chosen for the various professorships, conducted by the rector of the University. There were present the royal audience, the doctors, all of the religious societies, the regidores, military officials, and many members of society. The viceroy was unable to be present, but he was represented by D. Francisco Xavier Gamboa. The University was illuminated at night and after a brilliant concert, according to a contemporaneous newspaper account, “ there were lighted magnificent fireworks, ingeniously executed by that pyrotechnic artist, D. Joaquin Gavilan. Three trees, known in this kingdom under the name of papayo, closely imitating nature in the delineation of their leaves, flowers, and fruits, gave a clear picture of the sex of plants, which, being separated in this genus, was represented in the following manner: Two female trees, clothed with their respective flowers, and fruits of different stages of devel- 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. opment, indicated the méthod by which the latter take their devel- opment from the flowers of the male plant, which, as such, was without fruits and occupied the center, sending out sparks of fire, which, directed to the female plants, represented perfectly the pol- len transported through the air to fertilize the female flowers. “At the foot of the male tree were placed various decorations alluding to the features of a garden, which illuminated the Plaza with brilliant, spectacular, and fascinating lights of different colors and changed gradually into others no less entertaining. As the three trees disappeared there appeared an inscription in letters of fire which said, AMOR URIT PLANTAS, which is what the illus- trious Carolus Linnaeus holds in his ingenious dissertation, Spon- salia Plantarum.” At the same hour on the following day the botanical course was opened under the direction of Cervantes in the residence of the chief engineer of the city, D. Ignacio Castera, who also offered his garden as a laboratory. The botanical lectures were attended not only by the young students of the University but by numerous professional men, one of whom was D. José Mariano Mocifio. The city govern- ment lent assistance to the new undertaking by setting apart for a botanical garden a parcel of land, a portion of which is now occupied by the home of the Instituto Médico Nacional. Mocifio was a young physician, native of Mexico, who so. distin- guished himself in his botanical studies that only seven months after the establishment of the botanical course he was appointed member of the scientific commission. A fellow student, Maldonado, was . given 4 like appointment, that he might engage in the work of dis- sections. These two, besides Castillo and Longinos, were directed to explore the more remote parts of New Spain, while Sessé reserved for himself the exploration of the central regions of Mexico, and Cervantes confined his attention to his professorial duties. Mocifio’s explorations extended on the south to the coast of Ta- basco, which he visited in December, 1794, continuing his course into Guatemala. In company with Castillo he went north to the Tara- humare country, into what is now Chihuahua, and later he traveled in California, and as far as Nootka Sound, and still later in Jalisco, Michoacan, and other regions. Mocifio survived the peril and fatigue of his travels, but not so Castillo, who died in the City of Mexico, July 26, 1793. Besides Cerda, the official artist of the expedition, D. Atanasio Echeverria,’ a native of Mexico, was employed in making drawings of botanical and other objects. A pharmacist, D? Jaime Senseve, also was appointed to the commission, and likewise D. José Antonio *The genus Hcheveria, of the family Crassulaceae, was named in his honor. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO.. 15 Alzate y Ramirez, the latter a distinguished scientist, born in Mexico, who published numerous articles dealing with Mexican plants. Longinos engaged in the formation of collections of various objects and explored many parts of New Spain, his route extending even to the Californias. He visited also Guatemala and Yucatan, and died in the port of Campeche in 1803. Some of his collections were sent to Madrid and part remained in Mexico. Mocifio was the most enthusiastic and diligent of all the members of the commission. He-was likewise the most adventurous, and in the ascent of the Volcan de Tuxtla, in 1793, he came near losing his life. He ended his field work in 1801, and in the Hospital de San Andrés he conducted experiments with the medicinal plants he had collected. He was able to communicate to others some of his enthusiasm for natural history, and many people began to take an interest in the subject, one of the results of which was the formation of an extensive museum. His chief interest, however, was the task, in association with Sessé, of arranging and describing his botanical collections, with the view of publishing a work entitled Plantae Novae Hispaniae. He had already prepared a Flora Mexicana, and specimens from his collections had been sent to Lagasca and Cavanilles, who described some of them as new species. In addition, living plants and seeds were forwarded to the Botanical Garden of Madrid. Finally, in 1804, Sessé and Mocifio made an end of their explo- rations and set sail for Madrid, with a rich herbarium and a series of 1,400 colored drawings, as well as their precious manuscripts. Cervantes remained in Mexico as director of the botanical garden and professor of botany. Sessé and Mocifio were filled with hope of the immediate publi- cation of the results of their labors, but the bitter disappointment experienced by Hernandez was to be the share of these two botanists also. They were given a cool reception and no facilities whatever for printing their reports. Hope of soon meeting with success in his am- bitions induced Mocifio to accept a meager pension from the Gov- ernment, and he lived as a member of Sessé’s family until the death of the latter in 1809. He manifested a deep interest in all scientific matters; he was appointed director of the cabinet of natural history of Madrid, gave courses in zoology, and with the assistance of another Mexican, D. Pablo de La Llave, arranged the zoological collections of the museum. Mocifio seems to have been on good terms with the French, who invaded Spain about this time, but he became involved in difficulties because of his refusal to recognize one Barrois as president of the Academy of Medicine, of which he was a member. When the French Army withdrew from Madrid, Mocifio remained, presuming that he had not compromised himself by acting as a teacher of nat- 16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ural history during the occupation, but in this he was mistaken, for soon after he was seized, thrown into prison, and placed in chains, and thus he remained until the French Army returned. Thereupon he was released and permitted to return to the museum. Again the French retreated, and Mocifio, who was now far advanced in years (the date of his birth is not known), resolved not to risk his fortunes again with the Spanish authorities, and took his departure, bearing with him in a cart his manuscripts and drawings. By night he slept in the cart, and by day he walked beside it, until it was taken from him by a French officer. He managed, however, to save his possessions and to escape from Spain, and as it was evidently un- safe for him to return to Madrid he téok refuge at Montpellier. He was nearly blind and was reduced to beggary, from which he was rescued by certain French scientists. In Montpellier he became acquainted with De Candolle and Dunal, who joined with him in assigning names to the new species of plants he had discovered. To De Candolle he turned over his manuscripts and drawings, and that famous Swiss botanist seems to have been the first of those who had seen them to have formed an adequate idea of their value. Mocifio often visited De Candolle’s lecture room, and one day the latter had occasion to deliver a eulogy of the Mexican botanist, unaware that the subject of his praise was present. When the latter’s presence was pointed out to him, De Candolle embraced Mocifio effusively and pressed him to take the chair and elucidate the subject that had suggested his name. Over- come by the occasion, Mocino burst into tears and was unable to speak a word. After passing a few years at Montpellier, the adoption of the constitution in Spain gave Mocifio hope that he might be permitted to return to Madrid. He besought such permission of the govern- ment, and it was finally granted. In April, 1817, consequently, he asked of De Candolle, who was now in Geneva, the return of his papers. The request was evidently made in urgent terms, but De Candolle was determined to keep copies of the drawings and descrip- tions, and hastened to have these made. .De Candolle says that “About 120 persons came voluntarily to offer me their time and brushes; most of them were ladies of society; but there were also professional artists and a multitude of persons who were strangers to me. The young people united in the common task. The whole city was busy for 10 days, and the diligence of all those who knew how to use a brush or pencil was really affecting. * * * Asa result of this diligence the collection of Mocifio was almost wholly copied in the time fixed.” “ De Candolle never recounted this affec- tionate demonstration of his fellow citizens,” says Dunal, “but his eyes filled with tender tears.” The number of drawings thus copied a STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 17 was 1,100, and from them 274 new*species were published in the Prodromus. Tracings of the sketches were distributed to many of the herbaria of Europe. Mocifio returned to Spain, where he received a warm welcome from the Minister of Marine, D. Juan Sabat, who gave him lodging in his home and assisted him in other ways. Mocifo later started upon a voyage, but had proceeded only as far as Barcelona when he was overcome by illness, and he died in that city in 1819. Thus he failed to realize any of his hopes for the publication of the results of his long years of exploration and study, nor were the fruits of his labors destined to reach the public until still many more years had passed. His drawings passed into the possession of the physician who attended him in his final illness, and it is not known what finally be- came of them. His manuscripts and other papers, including a - Flora de Guatemala,” are in the Botanical Garden of Madrid, where the herbarium of the expedition is said to have been deposited in 1820. Some of the specimens reached the Lambert Herbarium, and it is believed that Mexican specimens at Kew and at the British Museum, labeled as having been collected by Pavon, are from the Sessé and Mocifio collections. Presumably they were distributed by Pavén, and his name was affixed to the labels through some error. Pavén is not known to have visited Mexico. The Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural learned that the manuscript of the Flora Mexicana existed at Madrid, and as early as 1870 made an attempt to secure a copy of it, but it was 15 years before the attempt was successful. It was desired also to secure the illustrations for publication, but this was found impracticable. The Flora Mexicana was finally published in the City of Mexico in 1888 by the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, and a second edition, with numerous -corrections, was printed by the Instituto Médico Nacional in 1894. The Plantae Novae Hispaniae was printed by the former society in 1886, and was reprinted by the Secretaria de Fomento for the Chicago Exposition of 1893. It was thus more than a hundred years after the organization of the expedition that the results of its investigations were finally made public. Perhaps no other botanical project has ever had so inter- esting a history, and none, it may safely be said, has ever been at- tended with so many dramatic incidents. If they had been pub- lished when first written, the two floras would have become historic. They were better prepared than most of the botanical works of their day, although their authors had a very broad conception of specific limits and referred many of the Mexican plants to species of the Old World tropics with which they were not even congeneric. When the works were actually printed they had long been obsolete, and most 18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. of the plants dealt with had heen described years before by other authors, sometimes under the same names but usually not. Aside from the sentimental interest that was gratified by the publication of the manuscripts, it is a matter of regret that botanical nomen- clature was further taxed with so many useless synonyms. Indeed, but little attention has ever been paid by botanists to the numerous new names recorded in these two works. ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. Alexander, Baron von Humboldt, one of the most illustrious men of his period, was born in Berlin in 1769. He was granted permis- sion by the court of Spain to explore the Spanish possessions in America, and in 1799, in company with Aimée Bonpland, he sailed from Coruna. He landed at Cumana, Venezuela, and starting from that point he explored New Andalusia (Venezuela) and Spanish Guiana. Thence he went to Cuba, and later to other parts of South America. In March, 1803, he landed at Acapulco, and followed the usual route of that day to the capital, where he made the acquaintance of Cervantes, Cal, Alzate, and many other scientists. He explored thoroughly the Valley of Mexico, and made collections also in Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Puebla, Jalisco, Michoacén, Gue- rrero, and other regions. Altogether, ten months were spent in Mex- ico, and in 1804 Humboldt and Bonpland returned to Paris, where the former remained for many years. He died in Berlin in 1850. The rich material obtained by the expedition was sufficient to occupy the many years which Humboldt devoted to scientific study. The botanical collections were gathered chiefly by Bonpland, but the senior member of the expedition made extensive observations upon vegetation which served as the basis for classic works upon phytogeography. The Mexican collections included about 950 spe- cies, a large proportion of which were described as new. Along with the material from other regions they were turned over to Kunth, who published seven volumes describing them.t~ Humboldt and Bon- pland also published jointly two large volumes dealing with some of the most interesting of their discoveries.2, So far as modern botanical * Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoc- tialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bon- pland et Alex. de Humboldt. Ex schedis autographis Amati Bonpland in ordinem digessit Carolus Siegesmund Kunth. Accedunt Alexandri de Hum- boldt notationes ad geographiam plantarum spectantes. Vols. 1-7. pl. 1-700. Paris, 1815-1825. * Plantae aequinoctiales, per regnum Mexici in provinciis Caracarum et Novae Andalusiae, in Peruvianorum, Quitensium, Novae Granatae Andibus, ad Orenoci, Fluvii nigri, fluminis Amazonum ripas nascentes. In ordinem digessit Amatus Bonpland. Vols. 1, 2. pl. 1-143. Paris, 1808-1809. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 19 work is concerned, the Nova Genera et Species is the first important work treating of Mexican plants. The collections obtained in South America were much more extensive than those from Mexico, and for Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru the work is of even greater importance than for Mexico. Humboldt and Bonpland were the first to make known to science many of the most common and charac- teristic Mexican plants. Besides these and other systematic works, Humboldt published accounts of his voyages, which are replete with original observations upon matters of natural history. He was the father of the science of plant geography, and published several classic works upon the subject, the best known of which is his Essai sur la Géographie des Plantes.* Bonpland was born in 1773 in the French city of Rochelle. Some time after his return to Europe, in 1816, he decided to establish him- self in America, and went to Buenos Aires, where he gave courses in natural history. He traveled in the more remote parts of Argen- tina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, and finally settled in Paraguay where he established a factory for the preparation of maté. This act seems to have aroused the jealousy of the dictator Francia, and in 1821 a band of his agents attacked the finca, killed some of the employees, and wounded Bonpland himself. The latter was put in chains and kept nine years in captivity, but later was released and devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits. He died in 1858. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT. KEY TO THE FAMILIES. Subkingdom Pteridophyta. Plants without flowers or seeds, but producing spores. Ferns. Rhizomes creeping, very slender, producing mostly ascending or reclining vinelike leaves of indeterminate growth; sporangia relatively few, sub- globose to pyriform, dehiscing vertically ; sori flattened. GLEICHENIACEAE. Rhizomes erect or ascending, mostly arborescent, bearing a terminal crown of large leaves; sporangia numerous, ovoid, dehiscing horizontally ; sori essentially globose. Wo eee === -- CYATHEACEAE. ! Friederich Alexander von ‘Humboldt et Aimé Bonpland. Pssai sur la géographie des plantes; accompagné dun tableau physique des régions équinoxiales, fondé sur des mesures exécutées depuis le dixiéme degré de latitude boréale jusqu’au dixiéme degré de latitude australe pendant les années 1799-1808. Pp. 1-155. Paris, 1805. Also, Friederich Alexander von Humboldt. De distributione geographica plantarum secundum coeli temperiem et altitudinem montium, prolegomena. Pp. 1-249. pl. Paris, 1817. 20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Subkingdom Spermatophyta. Plants with flowers which produce seeds, Flowering plants. KEY TO THE CLASSES. Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or scale; stigmas wanting. 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Ovules and seeds borne in a closed cavity ; stigmas present. - 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. CLASS 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Leaves pinnate, broad; cotyledons united___.... CYCADACEAE. Leaves entire or denticulate, narrow, usually needle-like or scalelike; coty- ledons distinct. Stems jointed. Leaves reduced to whorled scales_...______ GNETACEAE. Stems not jointed. Ovulate flowers solitary; fruit baccate, small. Leaves short, linear. TAXACEAE. Ovulate flowers few or numerous; fruit a dry or fleshy cone, often large. PINACEAE. CLASS 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES. Cotyledon 1; stems endogenous; leaves parallel-veined. 1. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE. Cotyledons normally 2; stems exogenous; leaves not parallel-veined. 2. DICOTYLEDONEAE Subclass 1. Monocotyledones. Ovary inferior. Leaves mostly basal, often spine-toothed. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Ovary superior, Perianth rudimentary, of Scales, green or greenish, never corolla-like, Grasses____---_--- POACEAE. Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolla-like. Ovules solitary in each cell of the ovary. Palms; leaves usually compound or deeply lobed__-_----.------ PHOENICACEAR. Ovules 2 to many in each cell. Inflorescence a fleshy spadix surrounded by a spathe; leaves succulent. Plants usually epiphytic and scandent_____....._ | ARACEAE, Inflorescence not a spadix. shaped__.--------- LILIACEAE. Styles none; stems scandent, armed with spines; leaves broad. SMILACACEAE. Subclass 2. Dicotyledones. KEY TO THE SERIES. Perianth segments wanting or all similar (especially in texture and color), rarely somewhat unequal, 5 or fewer________- 1. APETALAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 21 Perianth segments in 2 series, calyx and corolla, rarely similar but then more than 5. Petals distinct, rarely coherent above but distinct below. 2. POLYPETALAE. Petals united below (at least at the base) or throughout. 38. GAMOPETALAE. Series 1. APETALAE. Ovary superior, almost superior, or naked. Perfect and pistillate flowers without a perianth. Ovary with 2 or more cells. . Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell; styles 2. Leaves alternate, simple; flowers in catkins_____---_-----------_--_- BETULACEAE. Ovary 3 or 4-celled. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, or 1 but with 3 or 6 stigmas; fruit a 3-celled capsule _.____________--__----------------- EUPHORBIACEAE. Ovary 4-celled; styles 2 or 4, or a 2-lobed sessile stigma; fruit 4-celled, indehiscent. Leaves fleshy, terete____.__-------~_- BATIDACEAE. Ovary 1-celled. Leaves reduced to whorled scales, Fruit conelike._-CASUARINACEAE. Leaves not reduced to whorled scales. Ovule 1 in each cell. Leaves opposite, stipulate; stamen 1; ovule pendulous. CHLORANTHACEAE. Leaves alternate, or opposite and estipulate; stamens 2 to 16; ovule erect. . Fruit a drupe, covered with pale wax; seeds without endosperm ; leaves estipulate, dentate______-_-_________- MYRICACEAE. Fruit a small berry; seeds with endosperm; leaves stipulate, entire. Flowers in long slender dense spikes_.PIPERACEAE. Ovules more than 1 in each cell. Seeds with a tuft of hairs; leaves stipulate__________________------------------------ SALICACEAE. Perfect and pistillate flows with a perianth. A. Ovary 1, 1-celled. B. Ovule 1. Leaves stipulate. Leaves deeply lobed, alternate____-__---_---__-_-----_-- ROSACEAE. Leaves simple. Styles 3, distinct or connate at the base. Stipules often sheath- like - wenn nee + POLYGONACEAE. Style 1 and undivided, or bipartite, or of 1 or 2 sessile stigmas. Flowers perfect, racemose, Leaves alternate. . PHYTOLACCACEAE. Flowers unisexual. Stamens more numerous than the perianth segments; stami- nate flowers with a perianth _on---e EUPHORBIACEAE. Stamens as many as the perianth segments or fewer; stami- nate flowers sometimes without a perianth. Leaves alter- nate. ' . Flowers solitary or clustered ; juice not milky_ULMACEAE. Flowers spicate, racemose, or capitate; juice milky. : i MORACEAE. 22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves estipulate. Perianth imbricate in bud. Leaves entire or dentate, simple. Perianth segments 6, rarely fewer, the stamens then more nu- merous than the segments but not twice as many. Anthers dehiscent by recurved valves; style 1; seeds without endosperm. Leaves alternate, aromatic_._._‘1cAaURACEAE, Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; styles 2 or 3; seeds with endosperm. Leaves usually alternate___POLYGONACEAE. Perianth segments 2 to 5: stamens as many as the segments or fewer. Leaves alternate or opposite. Flowers with thm chaffy bracts; filaments united, at least at the base__~.----- AMARANTHACEAE. Flowers with herbaceous bracts; filaments distinct. Leaves often succulent____----- CHENOPODIACEAE. Perianth valvate or open in bud. Style 1 or none; stigma 1. Stamens inserted on the perianth. Leaves deeply lobed, alternate. PROTEACEAE. Stamens free from the perianth. Filaments wholly connate; anthers dehiscent extrorsely. Leaves alternate, entire-_-----_-- MYRISTICACEAE. Filaments free or connate only at the base; anthers dehiscent introrsely or laterally. Stamens 3 or 4, equal in number to the perianth segments and opposite them, Leaves alternate; plants often with stinging hairs__---___---_- URTICACEAE, Stamens more numerous or fewer than the perianth segments, rarely of the same number, but the plants then with opposite leaves, and the stamens 5 or alternate with the perianth lobes. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire. ALLIONIACEAE. BB. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Ovules 2 in each cell, Flowers dioecious; styles 3, or the stigma sessile. EUPHORBIACEAE. Flowers perfect or polygamous; style 1. Stamens 3 or 4; style terminal; leaves estipulate, alternate, PROTEACEAE, Stamens 8 or more, rarely fewer, but the style then basal; leaves usually stipulate, alternate. Style basal, or if terminal the stamens numerous; leaves simple. ROSACEAE. Style terminal; stamens 8 or 10; leaves pinnate, MIMOSACEAE. Ovules 3 or more in each cell: Leaves alternate. Ovules attached to the ventral suture of the ovary. Stamens 4, without filaments; leaves simple, estipulate. ‘ PROTEACEAE. Stamens 5 or more, with filaments; leaves compound, stipulate. MIMOSACEAE. Ovules attached to several parietal placentae or to a basal or central placenta. Stamen 1. Leaves entire, estipulate; flowers spicate. LACISTEMACEAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 23 Stamens numerous. Ovary borne on a long gynophore; seeds without endosperm. CAPPARIDACEAE. Ovary sessile or nearly so; seeds with endosperm. FLACOURTIACEAE. AA. Ovary 1, several-celled, or the carpels several and distinct. Ovaries several, distinct. Stamens with. connate filaments, hypogynous. Leaves alternate, stipulate_______________ STERCULIACEAE. Stamens with distinct filaments, or the filaments wanting, the stamens in the latter case perigynous. . Perianth segments distinct; leaves opposite, compound; plants scandent _____________-__________________ RANUNCULACEAE. Perianth segments of the perfect and pistillate flowers more or less united, those of the staminate flowers sometimes distinct but the plants then with alternate leaves; plants erect. Ovules 2; leaves stipulate, pinnate____.___- SIMAROUBACEAE. Ovule 1; leaves estipulate, simple____.._______ MONIMIACEAE. Ovary 1. e Ovule 1 in each cell. Flowers perfect___________________--_-__-----__- RHAMNACEAE. ¥lowers polygamous or dioecious. Leaves compound, estipulate; stamens 8________ SAPINDACEAE. Leaves simple, stipulate; stamens 4 or 5, or 10 to 20. Stamens 4 or §______-____--_---__--_-------- RHAMNACEAE. Stamens 10 to 20_________________-___----------- BUXACEAE. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. Ovules 2 in each cell. Leaves stipulate. Style 1, undivided; ovary 5-lobate. Leaves alternate. STERCULIACEAE. Styles several; ovary usually 3-lobate____- EUPHORBIACEAE. Leaves estipulate. Flowers perfect; seeds without endosperm______ ACERACEAE. Flowers unisexual; seeds with endosperm____-_-~~ BUXACEAE. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Stamens 15 or fewer______-----------_------------- TILIACEAE. Stamens very numerous____----~---------- ELAEOCARPACEAKE. Ovary inferior, almost inferior, or half inferior. Ovary 1-celled, or sometimes incompletely several-celled. Ovule 1. Stamens as many as the perianth segments and alternate with them; perianth corolla-like. Flowers in involucrate heads. ASTERACEAE. Stamens as many as the perianth segments and opposite them, or fewer or more numerous; perianth calyx-like or wanting. Leaves stipulate. Leaves opposite_____----_----_------------- CHLORANTHACEAE. Leaves alternate_________-_------------------------- MORACEAE. ’ Leaves estipulate. Leaves pinnate. Plants trees or shrubs; flowers in catkins. JUGLANDACEAE. Leaves simple, sometimes reduced to scales. Plants trees; fruit winged___-___-___-------- HERNANDIACEAE. 24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants small shrubs, often parasitic; fruit not winged. Leaves opposite or verticillate, sometimes reduced to scales ; plants parasitic__--..--- LORANTHACEAE, Leaves mostly alternate; plants not parasitic. CHENOPODIACEAE. Ovules 2 or more. Ovules 2 to 4. Leaves alternate, simple____________ COMBRETACEAE. Ovules 6 or more. Plants erect trees; fruit an acorn; flowers in catkins___FAGACEAE. Plants scandent shrubs; fruit not an acorn; flowers not in catkins. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Ovary completely several-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell; leaves simple, stipulate, Ovary cells and styles or stigmas 3 or 4. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or dentate__------ RHAMNACEAE, Ovary cells and styles or stigmas 2. Leaves entire, opposite. RUBIACEAE. Ovules 2 or more in each cell; leaves simple, estipulate. Plants scandent; perianth 3-lobed or 1 or 2-lipped ; leaves alternate. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, Plants erect; perianth 4 to 8-lobed or parted ; leaves opposite or alternate. MYRTACEAE. Series 2. POLYPETALAE. A. Ovary wholly or half inferior. B. Perfect stamens 10 or fewer. Ovule 1 in each cell of the ovary. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Ovary 1-celled ; plants parasitic. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire. LORANTHACEAE. Ovary 2 to 4-celled; plants not parasitic. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or dentate__....--- = RHAMNACEAE. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or fewer or more numerous. Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or the stigma 1 and sessile, Fruit an achene. Flowers in dense globose heads; leaves alternate, usually lobate__--------- PLATANACEAE, Fruit not an achene. Leaves alternate or opposite. Petals contorted in bud. Leaves simple, entire or dentate. ONAGRACEAE. Petals valvate in bud. Leaves entire; flowers not in umbels_.__________ CORN ACEAE. Leaves lobed or compound; flowers in umbels__ARALIACEAE. Styles 2 or more, free or connected only at the base, or the stigmas 2 or more and sessile. Leaves alternate. Ovary half inferior ; fruit capsular; flowers in globose heads. Leaves palmately lobed__------- HAMAMELIDACEAE, Ovary wholly inferior; fruit baccate; flowers in umbels. ARALIACEAE, Ovules 2 or more in each cell of the ovary. Styles 2 or more, united only at the base. . Leaves alternate__-------- FLACOURTIACEAE. Leaves opposite _--------- HYDRANGEACEAE, STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 25 Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or stigma 1 and sessile. Petals valvate in bud. Stamens 8 to 10, twice as many as the petals; calyx lobes valvate in bud; leaves alternate or opposite______- COMBRETACEAE. Stamens 2 to 6, as many as the petals or fewer; calyx lobes open or imbricate in bud; leaves alternate_________--__- OLACACEAE. ~ Petals imbricate or contorted in bud. Ovary 1-celled, the ovules suspended from the apex of the cell. COMBRETACEAE. Ovary 1-celled, with basal, central, or parietal ovules, or several- celled. Ovary 4 or 5-celled. Perfect stamens 10; leaves opposite___-----___- MYRTACEAE. Perfect stamens 5; leaves alternate._PTEROSTEMONACEAE. Ovary 1-celled, or incompletely several-celled. Anthers dehiscent by terminal pores; leaves usually with longi- tudinal ribs, opposite_____-_.—-__- MELASTOMATACEAE. Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; leaves without longitu- dinal ribs. Seeds with endosperm; petals imbricate or open in bud; fruit baccate; leaves alternate____GROSSULARIACEAE. Seeds without endosperm; petals contorted; fruit capsular ; leaves alternate or opposite_____--____~_ ONAGRACEAE. BB. Perfect stamens more than 10. Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or stigma 1 and sessile. Leaves stipulate. Leaves opposite, entire_____-__ RHIZOPHORACEAE. Leaves estipulate. Plants very succulent and spiny, the leaves usually absent. CACTACEAE. Plants neither succulent nor spiny ; leaves well developed. Stamens usually twice as many as the petals; leaves usually with longitudinal ribs__-_--__---------------- MELASTOMATACEAE. Stamens more than twice as many as the petals; leaves without lon- gitudinal ribs. Sepals 2 to 4, or more and imbricate; leaves usually punctate. MYRTACEAE. Sepals 5 to 8, valvate; leaves not punctate_-_-__- PUNICACEAE. Styles 2 or more, free or united only at the base, or the stigmas 2 or more and _ sessile. Leaves estipulate, opposite. ‘Flowers borne upon the leaves; petals valvate in bud. ESCALLONIACEAE. Flowers not borne upon the leaves; petals valvate or imbricate. HYDRANGEACEAE. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Petals imbricate in bud. Ovary 1-celled ; petals usually 6 to 8__---------- FLACOURTIACEAE. Ovary several-celled.; petals 5------------------------- MALACEAE, AA. Ovary superior or nearly so. C. Ovary 1, 1-celled or incompletely several-celled. Sepals 2, distinct or rarely connate and forming a cap. Leaves estipulate. Leaves entire; plants with colorless juice_______--- PORTULACACEAE. Leaves dentate or lobate; plants with colored juice__PAPAVERACEAE. 26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sepals 3 or more. D. Perfect stamens 1 to 10, BE. Style 1, simple, with 1 stigma or with several connected stigmas, or stigma 1 and sessile. F. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Style basal__--_-------- ROSACEAE. Style terminal or nearly so. Flowers papilionaceous (like that of the bean or pea), the upper petal outside_______--.-_- = FABACEAE. Flower not papilionaceous, the upper petal innermost. CAESALPINIACEAE. Leaves estipulate. Leaves simple. Flowers regular. Sepals and petals 3; anthers dehiscent by valves. Leaves alternate, aromatic___-__----_-_- LAURACEAE. Sepals and petals 4 to 6: anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits. Petals valvate in bud; endosperm copious_OLACACEAE. Petals imbricate in bud; endosperm scant or none. Ovule 1; leaves usually compound. ANACARDIACEAE, Ovules 2; leaves simple______________ ICACINACEAE. Flowers distinctly irregular. Fruit covered with barbed spines. Leaves entire. KRAMERIACEAE. Fruit without barbed spines. Stamens 4 to 8, hypogynous; anthers dehiscent by pores. Leaves entire; tlowers racemose__POLYGALACEAE. Stamens 9 or 10, usually perigynous;: anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits..-...------ FABACEAE. Leaves compound. Ovule 1_--__------ ANACARDIACEAE. Ovules 2. Ovules ascending; stamens 10, perigynous, 5 of them often sterile__-______________ eee CONNARACEAE. Ovules descending; stamens 8 to 8, hypogynous, all perfect. Stamens 3 to 5; seeds with endosperm; leaves with trans- parent glands_________-_-_- RUTACEAE, Stamens 8; seeds without endosperm; leaves without transparent glands__________ BURSERACEAE. FF. Ovules more than 2 in each cell. Ovules attached to a basal or free central placenta. Leaves alter- nate. Stamens alternate with the petals. Leaves simple. . OLACACEAE, Stamens opposite the petals, Petals valvate in bud; plants climbing, with tendrils. VITACEAE. Petals imbricate; plants erect. Sepals and petals 4 or 5; leaves simple; fruit 1-seeded. MYRSINACEAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 27 Sepals 9; petals 6; leaves compound ; fruit 3-seeded. BERBERIDACEAE. Ovules attached to a sutural placenta or to 2 or more parietal placentae. Ovules attached to the ventral suture of the ovary. Leaves usually compound, alternate; fruit a legume. Corolla regular or nearly so__-------- CAESALPINIACEAE. Corolla very irregular, papilionaceous___------- FABACEAE. Ovules attached to 2 or more parietal placentae, Calyx segments united. Leaves entire, small. FRANKENIACEAE. Calyx segments distinct. Petals 4. Ovary stipitate-_.___-_------ CAPPARIDACEAE, Petals 5. Leaves pinnate__-_------------------- MORINGACEAE, VIOLACEAE. Leaves simple _._.__-__-------------------- EE. Styles 2 or more, free or partially united, with separate stigmas, or stigmas 2 or more and sessile. Ovule 1. Sepals and petals each 3. Leaves entire, stipulate, the stipules sheathing________--_-------------------- POLYGON ACEAE. Sepals and petals each 4 to 6. Stamens opposite the petals and of the same number; style 5-parted. Leaves simple___------~- PLUMBAGINACEAE. Stamens alternate with the petals, or more numerous; styles usually 3. Leaves usually compound_ANACARDIACEAE.,. Ovules 2 or more. Leaves alternate. Plants with tendrils; ovary stipate-____--_- PASSIFLORACEAE. Plants without tendrils; ovary sessile, Leaves not scalelike__._.___--------_-_------- TURNERACEAE. Leaves scalelike___________-_----_----------- TAMARICACEAE, DD. Perfect stamens more than 10 Ovule 1. Leaves opposite___- _o === + CLUSIACEAE, AMYGDALACEAE., Leaves alternate ________----_---------------- Ovules 2 or more. Ovules basal, apical, central, or sutural. Petals and stamens hypogynous; sepals imbricate in bud. Leaves simple, alternate_____-------------------- DILLENIACEAE. Petals and stamens perigynous, rarely almost hypogynous but the sepals then valvate. Leaves estipulate, entire _-____-_-------------- Leaves usually stipulate, dentate to pinnate. Ovules 2; leaves simple Ovules usually more than 2; leaves pinnate. CAESALPINIACEAE. LYTHRACEAE. ROSACEAE, Ovules on several parietal placentae. Filaments wholly connate. Leaves alternate, estipulate, trans- parent-dotted ; fruit berry-like CANELLACEAE. Filaments free or connate only at the base. Leaves, at least the lowest, opposite, simple. Fruit a capsule; low shrubs. Plants not gland-dotted___-__------------------- Plants gland-dotted__--_----------------- 126651—20——3 28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves alternate. Style usually wanting; endosperm scant or none. Petals 4; ovary stipitate______-____________ CAPPARIDACEAE. Style evident; endosperm copious. Leaves simple. Petals similar to the sepals, perigynous ; stamens perigynous. FLACOURTIACEAE. Petals unlike the sepals, hypogynous; stamens hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled; fruit spiny; seeds glabrous, arillate; flowers pinkish white_-_--- = == BIXACEAE. Ovary incompletely 3 to 5-celled, smooth; seeds woolly ; flowers yellow__________ COCHLOSPERMACEAE. CC. Ovary 1, completely or almost completely several-celled, or the ovaries several and distinct. I). Ovaries several, distinct or connate only at the base, with wholly dis- tinct styles and stigmas. Petals and stamens perigynous. Leaves stipulate, alternate. Seeds not arillate -------- =e ROSACEAE, Seeds arillate. Leaves entire_----- | CROSSOSOMATACEAE. Leaves: estipulate. Leaves compound, not fleshy; ovules 2..-. | CONNARACEAE., Leaves simple, fleshy ; ovules numerous__________ CRASSULACEAE, Petals and stamens hypogynous. Leaves estipulate, Stamens twice as many as the sepals or fewer. Ovule 1 in each carpel. Leaves simple. Leaves opposite or verticillate: flowers perfect or polygamous; petals 5; carpels 5 to 10; plants not scandent. CORIARIACEAE, Leaves alternate; flowers dioecious; petals 6 or rarely 3; plants scandent _-----_-_--_- MENISPERMACEAE. Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Petals 6, twice as many as the sepals. Leaves entire. ANNONACEAE. Petals as many as the sepals, 8 or more, usually 5, Plants leafless or nearly so__-_________ KOEBERLINIACEAE. Plants with well-developed leaves. Leaves compound. Stamens and staminodia together 8 to 8: ovules descending ; leaves with translucent glands_______..___ RUTACEAE. Stamens and staminodia together 10: ovules ascending; leaves without glands__-_-----_ CONNARACEAE. Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Perianth usually composed of 4 or more sepals and an equal or lesser number of petals. Seeds arillate; leaves entire, alternate. DILLENIACEAE, Perianth composed of 3 sepals and 6 or more (rarely 3) petals. Leaves entire. Sepals valvate in bud; leaves estipulate______ ANNONACEAE. Sepals imbricate in bud; leaves usually stipulate. MAGNOLIACEAE. DD. Ovaries several, with connate styles or stigmas, or ovary 1. BE. Ovule 1 in each cell, Stamens distinctly perigynous. Stamens 10 or more, Leaves alternate, stipulate_____ ROSACEAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 29 Stamens 4 or 5. Leaves simple, entire or dentate. Calyx valvate in bud; stamens opposite the petals and often ad- nate to them______________________-__-___- RHAMNACEAE. Calyx imbricate; stamens alternate or opposite, but very rarely adnate to the petals___________________ CELASTRACEAE. Stamens hypogynous. Flowers unisexual, Ovary 4 to 6-parted; leaves usually pinnate, alternate, estipulate. SIMAROUBACEAE. Ovary entire or slightly lobed; leaves simple or digitate. Ovules pendulous or descending; ovary usually 3-celled, Cells of the ovary 3; fruit usually a capsule. EUPHORBIACEAE. Cells of the ovary 4 or more; fruit a drupe. ‘AQUIFOLIACEAE. Ovules ascending ; ovary usually 4 or 5-celled. Fruit drupaceous, CLUSIACEAE. Flowers perfect or polygamous. Flowers polygamous. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire. Stamens numerous. CLUSIACEAE. Leaves alternate, usually compound. Stamens inserted within a disk; ovules ascefhding or horizon- tal; radicle inferior______ a eee SAPINDACEAE, Stamens inserted outside a disk; ovules pendulous or horizon- tal; radicle superior. Leaves pinnate. Ovary entire or slightly lobed; styles several and distinct, or stigma 1 and sessile________ ANACARDIACEAE. Ovary deeply divided; styles connate._SIMAROUBACEAE. Flowers perfect. Stamens more than 10. Leaves stipulate, simple. Sepals valvate or open in bud, more or less united; anthers 1-celled____--_---___-_--___- ------ MALVACEAE, Sepals imbricate, free or nearly so; anthers 2-celled. Flowers yellow_________- eee OCHNACEAE. Stamens 10 or fewer. Leaves simple and entire, toothed, or lobed. Stamens 8; 6vary 2-celled. Leaves entire; flowers racemose. POLYGALACEAE, Stamens 2 to 6, or 10; ovary 3 to 6-celled. Ovary 5 or 6-celled. Leaves alternate, stipulate; petals imbricate, yellow____________________ OCHNACEAE, Ovary 2 to 4-celled. Leaves entire; plants often scandent. MALPIGHIACEAE. Leaves compound. Filaments united. Leaves pinnate; ovary entire. MELIACEAE. Filaments free. Leaves gland-dotted; filaments without scales; ovary entire ______-_-- ee RUTACEAE. Leaves not gland-dotted; filaments usually with a basal scale; ovary usually divided__._.SIMAROUBACEA®. 30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. EE. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. F, Stamens hypogynous; disk none, but separate glands or a gynophore sometimes present. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire. Flowers unisexual, regular_____-________-_-----_- CLUSIACEAE. Flowers perfect, irregular____-___-------_---_- VOCHYSIACEAE. Leaves alternate. Leaves stipulate. Calyx segments imbricate in bud. Stamens more than 10. Petals 4; ovary borne on a long gynophore; stigma sessile___________ CAPPARIDACEAE, Stamens 10. Leaves entire______-_- ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Calyx segments valvate or open in bud. Petals valvate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, free; ovary sessile, 2 or rarely 8 or 4-celled ; vines with tendrils__.-VITACEAE, Petals imbricate or convolute. Ovary stipitate; petals (4) imbricate__CAPPARIDACEAE,. Ovary sessile or nearly so; petals usually convolute in bud. Anthers 1-celled, dehiscent by a pore or a longitudinal slit. Filaments adnate; petals 5; seeds sometimes covered with long hairs. Leaves simple; flowers usually calyculate; filaments united to the apex or nearly so___-.MALVACEAE, Leaves digitate or simple;- flowers not calyculate; fila- ments united only at the base or in the lower half. BOMBACACEAE. Anthers 2-celled, dehiscent by 2 pores or longitudinal slits, Filaments more or less united; staminodia present. STERCULIACEAE. Filaments free, or slightly united at the base, but stami- nodia then absent _______-_-_-_---_- TILIACEAE, Leaves estipulate. Stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Ovary long-stipitate; ovules numerous___CAPPARIDACEAE. Ovary sessile; ovules 3 or few. Style distinct; petals free or nearly so___----~ THEACEAE. Style none; petals united at the apex. MARCGRAVIACEAE. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Leaves compound. Filaments free; leaves gland-dotted__-_---___ RUTACEAE, Filaments united; leaves not gland-dotted. Leaflets 8, entire_____-_--_-_----------- OXALIDACEAE, Leaflets 5 or more_____-_---------------- MELIACEAE, Leaves simple. Ovary 1-celled. Leaves entire___.ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Ovary 2 to 7-celled. Calyx lobes valvate in bud_---_----- STERCULIACEAE. Calyx lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 5_______-__----------- MARCGRAVIACEAE. Stamens 10 to 14_____---_---------- CLETHRACEAE, FF. Stamens hypogynous, but inserted at the base or on the surface of a disk, or perigynous. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 31 G. Leaves stipulate. Stamens twice as many as the petals or more. Styles 2 to 5. Styles 2; stamens 8 to 12; leaves compound, usually opposite. CUNONIACEAE. Styles 5; stamens usually numerous; leaves simple or com- pound, alternate________------------------- ROSACEAE. Style 1, simple or bilobulate. Leaves compound; stamens 8 to 10____ ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Leaves simple; stamens usually numerous. Stamens inserted on a disk; ovules numerous; leaves oppo- site or alternate_____-_--------- ELAEOCARPACEAE. Stamens inserted on the calyx tube; ovules 2 in each cell; leaves opposite, entire_____----- RHIZOPHORACEAE. Stamens as many as the petals or fewer. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Vines with tendrils; leaves alternate___--------~-------- VITACEAE. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or fewer. Leaves compound. Flowers perfect. Ovary 2 to 4lobate; seeds without endosperm. SAPINDACEAE. Ovary 3-celled; seeds with endosperm_STAPH YLEACEAE. Leaves simple. Style 1, simple; ovules erect or ascending; flowers usually perfect______---------------------- CELASTRACEAE. Style 1 and divided, or styles 3; ovules pendulous or in- verted; flowers unisexual____---- EUPHORBIACEAE. G. Leaves estipulate. Leaves simple; disk present or absent. Leaves alternate. Stamens 2 to 10, twice as many as the petals or fewer. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, only 2 of them fertile. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with 2 ovules_---------- SABIACEAE. Stamens 3 to 10, alternate with the petals, or less or more numerous. Leaves with translucent glands___----------- RUTACEAE. Leaves without glands__--------------- CELASTRACEAE. Leaves opposite or whorled. Stamens 3, less numerous than the petals. Leaves entire. HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Stamens as many as the petals or more numerous. Ovules 2 in each cell. , Ovary 2-celled; leaves without translucent glands. Fruit a double samara_____---------------- ACERACEAE. Ovary 8 to 5-celled; leaves with translucent glands. RUTACEAE, Ovules more than 2 in each cell. Styles or stigmas 5 to 10; leaves entire___CLUSIACEAE. Style 1, simple. Calyx lobes imbricate or open in bud; leaves with lon- gitudinal ribs___--------- MELASTOMATACEAE. Calyx lobes valvate; leaves not ribbed_LYTHRACEAE. 32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves compound; disk always present. Stamens inserted within the disk. Flowers usually polygamous, Petals usually 5; plants often scandent_____ SAPINDACEAE, Petals 4; plants erect. Leaves digitate___AESCULACEAE. Stamens inserted outside the disk. Fertile stamens 2; petals 5, 1 or 2 of them much reduced. SABIACEAE. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, rarely fewer, but the 4 or 5 petals then subequal. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them: flowers dioecious, Leaves alternate ______ SIMAROUBACEAE. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more or less numerous; flowers usually perfect or polygamous. Filaments united _--------- MELIACEAE, Filaments free. Leaves with translucent glands__.____ RUTACEAE. Leaves without glands_____.___ | BURSERACEAE. Series 3. GAMOPETALAE. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior. Stamens numerous, Ovary 1-celled; plants succulent, usually armed with spines; leaves usually absent _------ CACTACEAE. Ovary several-celled ; plants not succulent, unarmed ; leaves well developed, SYMPLOCACEAE. Stamens 10 or fewer, Stamens twice as many as the corolla lobes. Fruit fleshy ; anthers opening by terminal pores; leaves alternate, simple________ VACCINIACEAE. Stamens as many as the corolla lobes or fewer. Stamens as many as the corolla lobes and opposite them. Corolla lobes valvate in bud. Plants parasitic; stigma entire; leaves opposite or verticillate, entire. LORANTHACEAE. Plants not parasitic; stigma bilobate; leaves alternate, estipulate. OLACACEAE, Stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, or less numerous. Ovary 1-ovulate. Anthers coherent; flowers in an involucrate head. Fruit an achene. ASTERACEAE. Anthers not coherent; flowers not in an involucrate head. Leaves opposite, Stipules present, free from the petiole. Leaves always entire. RUBIACEAE. Stipules none, or if present united with the petiole. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Ovary containing 2 or more ovules. Perfect stamens fewer than the corolla lobes. Leaves simple. GESNERIACEAE. Perfect stamens. as many as the corolla lobes. Ovaries 2, distinct. Leaves simple, entire______ APOCYNACEAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 33 Ovary 1, entire. Leaves alternate, often lobed or compound____-ARALIACEAE. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Leaves estipulate___._-._.--__-_-------_- CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Leaves stipulate, entire___________-_________-_- RUBIACEAE. Ovary superior or nearly superior. A. Perfect stamens as many as the corolla lobes and opposite them, or more numerous. Ovary 1-celled. Ovule 1. Leaves simple. Styles 3, or style 1 but with 3 stigmas; flowers dioecious. Plants scandent _.---__-___-_-_- ee MENISPERMACEAE. Style 1, with 5 stigmas; flowers perfect___---- PLUMBAGINACEAE, Ovules 2 or more. Fruit a legume; leaves compound, alternate___--____-_ MIMOSACEAE. Fruit a drupe or capsule; leaves simple. Plants armed with spines____--------------- FOUQUIERIACEAE. Plants unarmed. . Staminodia none in the staminate flowers; seeds small, black or dark brown ____~_-_-__------------------- MYRSIN ACEAE. Staminodia always present; seeds large, yellow or orange. THEOPHRASTACEAE. Ovary perfectly, or sometimes imperfectly, 2 or more-celled. Leaves stipulate (stipules sometimes minute or deciduous). Flowers unisexual. Ovary 3-celled___~--------~-~- EUPHORBIACEAE, Flowers perfect. Leaves alternate. Anthers 2-celled; staminodia present____-----~- STERCULIACEAE. Anthers 1-celled; staminodia absent. Leaves simple; flowers calyculate; filaments united almost throughout _________------------------------- MALVACEAE. Leaves digitate or simple; flowers not calyculate; filaments united only at the base or in the lower half_______- BOMBACACEAE. Leaves estipulate. Flowers unisexual, rarely polygamous. Styles several, free or par- tially united. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Leaves entire___--- DIOSPYRACEAE. Ovules more than 2 in each cell. Stamens 10; ovules parietal; juice milky; leaves compound or lobed ________________---------------- woe CARICACEAE. Stamens more than 10; ovules axial; juice not milky; leaves simple __________----------------------------- THEACEAE, Flowers perfect. Calyx segments free or united only at the base. Leaves simple. Stamens more than twice as many as the corolla lobes, 9 or more. THEACEAE. Stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes, 8 or fewer. Flowers irregular. Leaves entire__.------~- POLYGALACEAE. Flowers irregular. Stamens as many as the corolla lobes; juice milky. SAPOTACEAE. Stamens more numerous than the corolla lobes; juice not milky __.--___-_-------------------- aoa ERICACEAE. 34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Calyx segments united to the middle or higher, Leaves with translucent glands; ovary deeply lobate, the cells 2-ovulate_______ 5 eee RUTACEAE. Leaves without translucent glands; ovary entire or scarcely lobate. Leaves pinnate ______-____-__ MELIACEAE. Leaves simple. Ovary 38-celled; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Flowers white, showy; pubescence of branched hairs. STYRACACEAE, Ovary with 4 or more cells; anthers dehiscent by apical pores. ERICACEAE. AA. Perfect stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, or less numerous. B. Perfect stamens 3 or more, as many as the corolla lobes; corolla usually regular. _ C, Ovary simple and of 1 or 2 cells, or the ovaries 2 and distinct. D. Ovules 2 to 4 in the whole ovary, Leaves opposite or verticillate. Style stigmatose only below the apex; corolla lobes contorted in bud. Ovary 2-celled or the ovaries 2 and distinct; leaves entire; juice usually milky________________ APOCYNACEAE, Style stigmatose at the apex or between the lobes; corolla lobes imbricate or valvate. Leaves stipulate; style simple_______________ LOGANIACEAE. Leaves estipulate; style with 1 or 2 stigmas. VERBENACEAE. Leaves alternate. Corolla valvate or plicate in bud. Ovules erect; stigmas usually 2. Fruit a. capsule. CONVOLVULACEAE. Ovules pendent; stigma 1. Leaves compound; fruit a legume; plants often armed with spines ______________ aa MIMOSACEAE. Leaves simple; fruit not a legume; plants unarmed. ICACINACEAE. Corolla imbricate in bud. Style stigmatose only below the apex; stigma 1. Leaves entire; Juice usually milky_____________________ APOCYNACEAE. Style stigmatose at the apex; stigmas 2. Leaves simple. Ovary 1-celled________-------_-____- HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Ovary 2-celled _------_______--_-- BORAGINACEAE. DD. Ovules more than 4 in the whole ovary. Fruit a legume; leaves compound. Plants often armed with spines. MIMOSACEAE. Fruit not a legume; leaves simple. Ovaries usually 2 and distinct; juice milky. Plants often scandent; leaves entire. Styles separate almost to the apex______ ASCLEPIADACEAE. Styles separate only at the base, or completely united. APOCYNACEAE. Ovary 1, entire or slightly lobate; juice not milky. Leaves simple. Leaves all opposite____________________ LOGANIACEAE. Leaves alternate, or only the lowest opposite. Style bifid-___-_____________________ HYDROPHYLLACEAE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 35 Style undivided. Ovary 1-celled___-_-------------------- GESNERIACEAE. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla valvate or plicate in bud; fruit often baccate; plants often armed with spines___--- SOLANACEAE. Corolla imbricate in bud; fruit a capsule with longitudinal dehiscence; plants unarmed. SCROPHULARIACEAE. CC. Ovary simple and of 3 or more cells, or the ovaries 3 or more and * distinct. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Cells of the ovary 3; stigmas 3; fruit a capsule. POLEMONIACEAE. Cells of the ovary 4 or 5; stigmas 1, 2, 4, or 5; fruit indehiscent or divided into nutlets. Leaves simple. Ovary entire. Stigmas 3, rarely 5---------- VERBENACEAE. Ovary 4-parted. Stamens 4; stigmas 2 or rarely 1; corolla bilabiate. MENTHACEAE. Stamens 5; stigma 1; corolla regular_---_- BORAGINACEAE. Leaves alternate. Anthers basifixed, opening laterally or apically. Leaves entire. DIOSPYRACEAE. Anthers dorsifixed, or basifixed and opening internally. Corolla united only at the base___--------- AQUIFOLIACEAE. Corolla with a conspicuous tube, Flowers mostly in 1-sided cymes; fruit not a capsule. BORAGINACEAE. Flowers not in 1-sided cymes; fruit a capsule. CONVOLVULACEAE. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Corolla valvate or plicate in bud; stamens inserted on the corolla; calyx more or less united; plants often armed with spines. . SOLANACEAE. Corolla imbricate or contorted; stamens often free from the corolla ; calyx segments often distinct or nearly so; plants unarmed. Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; ovary 8-celled. POLEMONIACEARE. Anthers dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary with 2 or 4 or more ERICACEAE, BB. Perfect stamens 2 to 4, fewer than the corolla lobes, or if of the same number the stamens and lobes each 2; corolla nearly always irregular. Ovules 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, in each cell. Ovules 1 in each cell. Ovary entire or obscurely 4-lobate_--------------- VERBENACEAE. Ovary 4-parted or deeply 4-lobate--------~--------- MENTHACEAE. Ovules 2 to 4 in each cell. Ovary 4 or 5-celled; leaves with translucent glands___-_RUTACEAE, Ovary 2-celled; leaves without translucent glands. Stamens 2, regularly alternate with the cells of the ovary. Flowers regular; leaves opposite ___-------------------- OLEACEAE. Stamens 4, or if 2 not alternate with the cells of the ovary. Ovules 2 and collateral; fruit indehiscent or septicidal. VERBENACEAE 36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ovules 4, or 2 and superimposed; fruit loculicidal. Seeds with endosperm, sessile or nearly so; stigma 1, SCROPHULARIACEAE, Seeds without endosperm, on conspicuous thick funicles ; stig- mas usually 2_------ ACANTHACEAE, Ovules more than 4 in each cell, Ovary 1-celled; placentae central, Seeds large; stamens 4; leaves compound. Plants often scandent. BIGNONIACEAE. Seeds small; fertile stamens 2; leaves simple____GESNERIACEAE. Ovary 2-celled; placentae axillary. Leaves compound______------- BIGNONIACEAE, Leaves simple. Corolla induplicate-valvate or plicate-imbricate_.__. SOLANACEAE. Corolla plicate (but not imbricate) in bud. Seeds inserted on large thick funicles________ ACANTHACEAE. Seeds sessile or nearly so____________ SCROPHULARIACEAE. ANNOTATED CATALOGUE. 1. GLEICHENIACEAE. Vine-fern Family. (Contributed by Mr, William R. Maxon.) REFERENCES: Sturm, Gleicheniaceae, in Mart. Fl. Bras, 17: 217-238. pl. 17. 1859; Underwood, A preliminary review of the North American Gleicheniaceae, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 243-262, f. 1, 2. 1907; Maxon, Gleicheniaceae, N. Amer. Fl. 16: 53-63. 1909. Xerophilous. ferns, mostly with branched creeping rhizomes; fronds usually ascending or reclining, numerous, somewhat vinelike, of indefinite growth, entangled, often forming dense impenetrable low thickets; primary axis naked; primary branches 1 to many pairs, opposite, determinate or (in most species) once to several times dichotomous, the included bud dormant or producing secondary and tertiary axes like the primary one; ultimate branches (pinnae) usually in pairs, bipinnate, pinnate, or deeply pinnatifid, the segments mostly elongate in our species (minute and rounded in the Old World Gleichenia) ; veins free, forked; sorsi dorsal or (in Gleichenia) tefminal upon the veinlets, nonindusiate; sporangia sessile, short, 2 to many, opening by a vertical fissure, 1. DICRANOPTERIS Bernh. Neues Journ. Bot. Schrad. 17: 38. 1806, Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. In tropical America many of the species grow rankly in the greatest profusion, often occupying wide areas of open or thinly shaded mountain slopes to the exclusion of other vegetation. A mass of the wiry interlacing fronds, with a blanket thrown over it, makes an excellent bed for the collector. Primary branches bipinnate, the rachis not forked_________ | 1. D. bancroftii. Primary branches once or several times forked. Internodes of primary branches normally naked; veins 2 to 5-forked ; sori multisporangiate ; rhizomes with spreading articulate hairs. Accessory pinnae (a pair) borne at all but the ultimate nodes. 2. D. flexuosa. Accessory pinnae wanting__-___-_--__-_-___-__--___ 3. D. pectinata. Internodes of primary branches at least partially pectinate; veins once forked ; sori 3 to 5-sporangiate; rhizomes with ciliate scales. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 37 Segments closely tomentose beneath, rarely glabrate with age__4. D. bifida. Segments not tomentose beneath. Pinnae 2.5 to 3.2 em. broad; segments narrowly oblong; veins 12 to 15 pairs, fibrillose with rusty scales; leaf tissues glabrous. 5. D. underwoodiana. Piannae 3 to 5.5 em. broad; segments linear; veins 20 to 28 pairs, these and the leaf tissues sparsely pilose with whitish stellate hairs. 6. D. palmata. 1. Dicranopteris bancroftii (Hook.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 252. 1907, Gleichenia bancroftit Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 5. 1844. Mertensia bancroftii Kunze, Linnaea 18: 307. 1844. Gleichenia brunet Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 13. 1905. Dicranopteris brunet Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 253. 1907. Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas, southward to the Andes of South America; also in the Lesser Antilles and Jamaica (the type locality), mainly at 1,000 to 1,800 meters elevation. Primary pinnae 1 to 8 pairs, oblong, 1 to 1.5 meters long, 30 to 50 cm. broad, bipinnate; pinnules very numerous; segments narrowly linear, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long, herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so, glaucous beneath; sori 3 to 5-sporan- giate. 2. Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 254. 1907. Mertensia fleruosa Schrad. Gétt. Anz. Ges. Wiss. 1824: 863. 1824. Mertensia rigida Kunze, Linnaea 9: 16. 1834. Gleichenia fleruosa Mett. Ann. Lugd. Bat. 1: 50. 1863. Gleichenia rigida Bomm. & Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 35’: 174. 1896. Not G. rigida J. Smith, 1841. Mountains of Veracruz, at about 1,300 meters altitude. Guatemala to Brazil; widely distributed in the West Indies, mainly at low elevations; near Mobile, Alabama; type from Brazil. Leaf axis 2 to 4 mm. in diameter; primary branches several pairs, repeatedly dichotomous, never developing a secondary axis, the internodes unequal, naked ; pinnae glabrous; segments glaucous beneath, linear, retuse, narrowly connected at the dilatate base, revolute. 3. Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 260. 1907. Mertensia pectinata Willd, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. IT. 25: 168. 1804. Hleichenia nitida Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 70. 1825. Mertensia elata Desv. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 201. 1827. Mertensia nitida Presl, Tent. Pter. 51. 1836, Mountains of Veracruz. General throughout tropical America, the type from near Caracas, Venezuela. Leaf axis 3 to 6 mm, in diameter; primary branches several pairs, stipulate, repeatedly and unequally dichotomous, a false flexuous secondary axis formed by the alternate production of the unequal secondary branches, the included bud of each dichotomy always abortive; segments oblong to linear-oblong, pruinose beneath, glabrous, or the costa and veins sparsely rusty-paleaceous. A variable species. 4. Dicranopteris bifida (Willd.) Maxon, N. Amer. Fl. 16: 60. 1909. Mertensia bifida Willd. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 25: 168. 1804. Gleichenia bifida Spreng. Syst, Veg. 4: 27. 1827. Mertensia fulva Desv. Mém, Soc. Linn, Paris 6: 201. 1827. Dicranopteris fulva Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 255, 1907. Mountains of Veracruz. Common and generally distributed throughout the 38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. West Indies and Central America, southward into South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela. Leaf axis stout, light greenish brown; primary branches 2 or several pairs, these once or twice dichotomous (rarely developing a secondary axis), the internodes at least partially naked; segments mostly linear, dilatate (the sinuses obtuse), entire, revolute. 5. Dicranopteris underwoodiana Maxon, N. Amer, Fl. 16: 59, 1909. Temperate region of Chiapas, the type locality. Also in the high mountains of Quiché, Guatemala. Leaf axis reddish brown, 2 to 3 mm, in diameter; primary branches usually 2 pairs, twice dichotomous (not developing a secondary axis), the primary internode nearly naked, the secondary ones fully pectinate; pinnae linear, 18 to 30 cm. long, the rachises closely invested with short rusty scales. - 6. Dicranopteris palmata (Schaffn.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 259. 1907. Mertensia palmata Schaffn.; Fée, Mém. Foug, 9: 40 (32). 1857, name only. Gleichenia palmata Moore, Ind. Fil. 380. 1862, name only. Mountains of Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Also in Guatemala (Alta Verapaz), eastern Cuba, and the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, at altitudes of 900 to 1,650 meters. Leaf axis olivaceous, opaque; primary branches 2 or 8 pairs, divergent, usually 2 to 4 times dichotomous (rarely developing a secondary axis), the first and second internodes usually naked; pinnae 20 to 25 cm. long. 2. CYATHEACEAE. Tree-fern Family. (Contributed by Mr. William R. Maxon.) REFERENCES: Cyatheaceae, Diels in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 1‘: 113- 139. 1899; Maxon, The tree ferns of North America, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1911: 4638-491. pl. 1-15. 1912. Mainly treelike plants of. moist tropical regions, the rhizome stout and woody, decumbent, oblique, or usually erect, and 1 to 15 meters high or more, naked, with smoothish, usually tesselate leaf scars, or rough and partially sheathed by the imperfectly deciduous stipe bases of the fronds of previous years; fronds borne in a terminal scaly crown, several or many, ascending to recurved, the blades 1 to 4-pinnate, up to 4 meters long, usually broad; sori indusiate or nonindusiate, nearly globose, borne dorsally upon the veins on the under surface of the blade or at the margin, the receptacle elongate, of various form and vestituré; sporangia numerous, crowed radially in several ranks, opening horizontally, the annulus oblique, with or without a stomium of thin- walled cells; spores triplanate. The Cyatheaceae, or tree-fern family—the latter name given because, in contradistinction to all other families of ferns, the species are nearly all arborescent in habit of growth—are practically confined to tropical and sub- tropical regions and attain their best development, both as to luxuriant growth and as to number of species and individuals, in mountainous regions which have a nearly uniform, moist climate. Except in a very few cases they ap- parently can not endure extremes of either drought or cold. Thus in Mexico, as in Central America, they are practically confined to the Atlantic slopes and to the higher mountain regions that are constantly swept by the moisture- laden trade winds from the Gulf of Mexico. This territory embraces Vera- cruz and Tabasco and most of Oaxaca and Chiapas. From the arid interior plateau regions they are altogether lacking. Comparatively little material hav- ing been collected in extreme southeastern Mexico in recent years, our knowl- STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 39 edge, both of the species actually occurring there and of their geographic distribution, is very incomplete. Tree ferns are, as a rule, of restricted range, yet many of the Mexican species are known from Alta Verapaz, Guate- mala, and of the remainder most, at least, may be expected to occur there. With a very few exceptions, the Mexican species are exclusively continental, and only a few extend as far south as Panama. Aside from the attention attracted by their beauty and stately habit of growth, tree ferns are decidedly interesting because of their marked diversity in structural characters and, unfortunately, their difficult classification. Lo- eally, at least, they serve varied economic uses also, the most important being the use of the trunks as building timbers. These are composed largely of a branched network of hard fibrovascular elements, resistant to decay and the attacks of termites alike, permitting the use of the trunks over and over again in the supporting framework of native houses. Occasionally they are made to serve as telegraph poles. Small pieces of the fibrovascular elements are em- ployed in inlay work. In Costa Rica the succulent unrolling young fronds or “crosiers” of a Cyathea called “rabo de mico” are eaten as a salad. The scales of a related species (probably Cyathea mericana), known in Veracruz as “ocopetate” or “cola de mono,” are applied topically as a hemostatic. A like use of the matted capillary; scales or “pulu” of Hawaiian species of Cibotium is, of course, well known. Several species of Hemitelia and Alsophila are known as “ tatahueso ” in Oaxaca, according to Reko. Sori borne upon the back of the veins, commonly near the costule or at least . not marginal; indusium (if present) not formed in part of the modified leaf margin. Sori distinctly indusiate, the indusium attached at the base of the receptacle. Indusia either (1) cup-shaped or saucer-shaped, never wholly inclosing the sporangia, persistent, or (2) globose, at first wholly containing the sporangia, rupturing at maturity, the divisions persistent to fugacious. 1. CYATHEA. Indusia inferior, more or less semicircular in outline, often lobed and scale- like or sometimes cleft or lacerate, never inclosing all the sporangia. 2. HEMITELIA. Sori usually nonindusiate, a very minute basal scale present in a few species. 3. ALSOPHILA. Sori terminal upon the veins at or near the margin; indusium bilobate or bivalvate, the outer portion a more or less modified, concave lobule of the leaf margin. Outer lip of the indusium formed of slightly modified leaf tissue, unlike the rigid brownish inner one _ ne 4. DICKSONIA. Outer lip of the indusium formed of highly differentiated cartilaginous tissue, similar to the inner one__-- ------------+- 5. CIBOTIUM. 1. CYATHEA J. E. Smith, Mem. Accad, Sci. Torino 5: 416. 1793. Caudex erect in most species, arboreous, bearing numerous adventitious roots in the basal part, in mature individuals usually smoothish above, with close-set to distant scars; fronds borne in a terminal crown, oblique, spreading, or rarely drooping, the stout stipes strongly aculeate to muricate, tuberculate, or nearly smooth, paleaceous toward the base; blades 2 or 3-pinnate, usually 1 to 3 meters long, lanceolate to oblong or ovate, the rachises variously pubescent, furfuraceous, or minutely paleaceous, glabrescent with age; pinnules subentire to pinnate, sessile to long-petiolate, deciduous or not; veins free, usually branched; sori dorsal, apart from the margin; indusium either (1) inferior and saucer-shaped, never wholly inclosing the sporangia, persistent, 40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. with even margins, or (2) globose, at first’ wholly inclosing the sporangia. bursting irregularly at maturity, the divisions persistent or often disappearing. Indusia saucer-shaped, never inclosing the sporangia, with low even margins. 1. C. arborea, Indusia at first globose and inclosing the sporangia, at length rupturing, the divisions persistent to fugacious. Pinnules (secondary pinnae) distinctly petiolate, the lower ones with stalks 4 to 9 mm. long; leaf tissue coriaceous__________-.__ 2. C. tuerckheimii Pinnules mostly sessile or nearly so, membranous or herbaceous. Rachises of the pinnae densely clothed with spreading or retrorse, linear, spinulose scales, sharply muricate from their persistent bases ; pinnules cut to the costa nearly throughout_____-__--__-_______ | 3. C. princeps. Rachises of the pinnae bearing a few deciduous scales, smooth or nearly so; pinnae very deeply pinnatifid, but the segments distinctly though nar- rowly joined, Costae of the pinnules glabrous beneath ; leaf tissue bright green beneath ; sori large, apart from the costule_._.--_~-_= 4. C. jurgensenii. Costae pilose or minutely squamulose beneath; leaf tissue much paler beneath than above; sori small, borne near or against the costule. Pinnae long-petiolate (4 cm. or more); pinnules about 20 pairs; seg- ments obtuse; veins 6 to 8 pairs, glabrous____________ 5. C. trejoi. Pinnae subsessile or short-petiolate; pinnules 30 to 40 pairs; segments acute or acuminate; veins 8 to 12 pairs, usually minutely glandu lar-pubescent__-_--__-__--_--- ee 6. C. mexicana 1, Cyathea arborea (L.) J. E. Smith, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 417. 1798. Polypodium arboreum L. Sp. Pl. 1092. 1753. Disphenia arborea Presl, Tent. Pter/56. 1836. Hemitelia arborea Fée, Mém. Foug. 5: 350. 1852. Lowlands of eastern Mexico; rare. Generally distributed and common in the West Indies, the type from Martinique; variously reported from Central America and northern South America, probably in error. Caudex erect, 4 to 12 meters high, usually with close-set, oval to broadly subhexagonal scars in 8 to 10 ranks, the apex clothed with large, lance- attenuate, dirty white scales; fronds 2.5 to 4 meters long; stipes stout, pale, low-tuberculate; blades 2 to 3 meters long, ovate, tripinnate, the rachises pale, glabrate; pinnae oblong, 40 to 80 cm. long, petiolate, or the shorter basal ones ovate and long-petiolate; pinnules numerous, mostly sessile, spreading, oblong- lanceolate, long-attenuate; segments linear-oblong, dilatate, sharply serrate, often revolute, the costule invariably with 1 or 2 white bullate scales at the base beneath; veins 1 to 8-forked. This is one of the few species of Cyatheaceae which grow naturally in open sunny situations. It occurs often in colonies. 2. Cyathea tuerckheimii Maxon, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 4. 1909. Region of Orizaba, Veracruz, at an altitude of about 1,300 meters. Also near Cobin, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (the type locality), at 1,350 to 2,000 meters elevation. . Caudex erect, 3 to 4 meters high; fronds ample, at least 130 cm. broad, bipinnate-pinnatifid, the stout primary rachis deciduously furfuraceous, minutely spiny; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 65 em. long, the rachis strongly muricate; pinnules 28 to 30 pairs, contiguous, short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, up to 18 em. long, pinnately cut nearly to the minutely and deciduously scaly costa; segments about 22 pairs, 10 to 12 mm. long, oblong, falcate, subacute, coriaceous, the crenate-serrate margins revo- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 41 lute; sori large, 6 to 9 pairs, seated at the fork of the once-branched veins, the irregular divisions of the membranous indusium subpersistent. 3. Cyathea princeps (Linden) E. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10. 1868. Cibotium princeps Linden; BE. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10. 1868, as synonym. Cyathea bourgaet Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135, 1872. Cyathea munchii Christ, Bull, Herb. Boiss. II. '7: 413. 1907. Veracruz and Chiapas, the type from the Volcano Tuxetla, Veracruz. Also in the mountains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; ascribed also to Costa Rica, but probably erroneously, Caudex erect, stout, said to reach a height of nearly 20 meters; fronds at least 4 meters long; stipes 1 to 1.5 meters long, together with the yellowish primary and secondary rachises densely clothed with narrow, yellowish, spinu- lose, spreading or retrorse scales; blades broadly ovate, 2 to 2.5 meters long, tripinnate; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 1 meter long and 35 cm. broad, long-stalked; pinnules very numerous, approximate, linear-oblong, up to 18 em. long, narrowly long-acuminate, the costa minutely and deciduously scaly beneath; segments 25 to 32 pairs, linear-oblong, dilatate, faleate, suben- tire, acutish, pruinose beneath, the costa with a few minute, simple or cleft scales; sori large, 6 to 9 pairs, the coriaceous indusium splitting into 2 to 4 per- sistent saccate lobes. 4. Cyathea jurgensenii Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135. 1872. Mountains of Oaxaca and Veracruz, the type from Oaxaca; rare, Caudex presumably erect and several meters high; fronds ample, the blades bipinnate-pinnatifid, 1 meter broad or more, the primary rachis pale, minutely spinose; pinnae oblong, abruptly acuminate, mostly petiolate, up to 65 cm. long, the rachis smooth or nearly so, glabrate beneath; pinnules about 25 pairs, articulate, petiolate, deltoid-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 10 to 12 em. long, very deeply pinnatifid, the costa nearly or quite glabrous beneath; segments 18 to 20 pairs, close, oblong, faleate, acute, obscurely crenate-serrate, bright green and nearly or quite glabrous on both surfaces; sori 4 to 8 pairs, apart from the costule, only the flat lobate basal portion of the pale yellowish membranous indusium persistent. 5. Cyathea trejoi Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 733. 1905, Known only from San Pablo, Chiapas, altitude 1,500 meters, the type locality. Caudex erect, long and slender, very spiny; fronds rather small, the primary rachis stout, smooth, stramineous or reddish, shining; pinnae articulate, easily deciduous, narrowly ovate, acuminate, 30 cm. long or more, long-petiolate ; pinnules about 20 pairs, approximate, readily separable, lanceolate, 5 to 6 cm. long, cut nearly to the scantily pilose costa; segments about 15 pairs, oblong, subfalcate, obtuse, slightly dilatate, crowded, light green beneath, lightly crenate; sori 2 or 3 pairs, very small, basal, close to the costule, the delicate indusium grayish. 6. Cyathea mexicana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 616. 1830. Cyathea heragona Fée & Schaffn.; Fée, Mém. Foug. 8: 111. 1857. Cyathea articulata Fée, Mém, Foug. 8: 111. 1857. Cyathea glauca Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 185, 1872. Not C. glauca Bory, 1804, Alsophila mucronata Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg, 35: 178. 1896. Cyathea arida Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss, IT. 6: 180. 1906. Veracruz to Chiapas, the type from Jalapa. Also in Guatemala (Alta Verapaz), Costa Rica, and western Panama, at 120 to 1,300 meters. Caudex 3 to 10 meters high, unarmed; fronds 2 to 3 meters long, the stipe clothed at the base with brown acicular scales about 1 cm, long and armed with a few sharp conical shining black spines; blade 1.5 to 2.5 meters long, 42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. oblong, bipinnate-pinnatifid; primary rachis stout, usually castaneous, decidu- ously puberulo-furfuraceous ; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 85 cm. long, short-petiolate, deciduous; pinnules articulate, readily separable, 30 to 40 pairs, often distant, oblong-lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long (usually smaller), sessile or short-stalked, the costa beneath bearing a few antrorse hairs and deciduously squamulose toward the base; segments narrowly oblong, oblique, subfaleate, obscurely serrulate, connected by a wing 1 to 1.5 mm, broad on each side of the costa; sori 4 to 7 pairs, close to the costule, the divisions of the pale membranous indusium mostly fugacious. A variable species. 2. HEMITELIA R. Br. Prody. Fl. Nov, Holl. 158. 1810. REFERENCES: Maxon, The North American species of Hemitelia, subgenus Cnemidaria, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 25-49. pl. 18-26. 1912; Maxon, The North American species of Hemitelia, section Euhemitelia, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 414-420. pl. 17-22. 1914. , Similar in general to Cyathea, but having the indusium inferior, more or less hemispherical, and varying from lobed to lacerate; or, in the American subgenus Cnemidaria, the plants mostly with short ascending trunks, coarse, succulent, pinnate or rarely bipinnate fronds, free-veined or not, the indusium hemispheric, concave, often lobed. Blades fully bipinnate, the pinnules sessile and very deeply pinnatifid ; indusium deeply lacerate, the divisions with long filamentous apices. 1. H. costaricensis. Blades pinnate, the pinnae lightly crenate to pinnatifid; indusia entire or merely lobed. ; Veins all free; pinnae pinnatifid at least two-thirds the distance to the costa, the segments oblong, acuminate, aristate_______________ 2. H. apiculata. Veins (basal) united by a transverse veinlet, a single row of costal areoles thus formed; lobes or crenations low or short, not acuminate. Pinnae lightly crenate-serrate, decurrent____--_-----_--_ 3. H. decurrens. Pinnae deeply crenate to crenately lobed, not decurrent. Larger crenations 5 to 7 mm, broad, acute distally; pinnae 2.5 to 3 cm. broad ___-.----------------------------+---------- 4. H. mexicana. Larger crenations 9 to 12 mm. broad, rounded; pinnae 3.5 to 4.2 mm. broad ____.-__--__-------------------+--------------+- 5. H. lucida. 1. Hemitelia costaricensis (Klotzsch) Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 159. 1869. Cyathea costaricensis Klotzsch; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 159. 1869, as synonym. Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas. Also in western Guatemala and in Costa Rica (the type locality), ascending to 1,000 meters. Caudex erect, 1 to 2 meters high, or more; pinnae narrowly oblong, acuminate, mostly 50 to 70 em. long; pinnules 238 to 27 pairs, mostly sessile, linear-oblong, long-acuminate or attenuate; segments 20 to 23 pairs, narrowly oblong, subfal- cate, acute, connected by a narrow costal wing. 2. Hemitelia apiculata Hook. in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 29. 1868. Mountains of Oaxaca, the type locality. Blades 35 to 50 cm. broad; pinnae narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 18 to 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad below the narrowly long-acuminate apex, pinnatifid at least two-thirds the distance to the costa, the sinuses linear and very acute. 8. Hemitelia decurrens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 285. 1849. Hemistegia decurrens Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135. 1872. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 43 Mountain forests near Lobani, District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, at 900 to 1,050 meters; known only from the type collection. Caudex about 30 cm. high; blades ovate-lanceolate, about 75 cm. long; pinnae narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 em. broad, the upper ones adnate and confluent, those below semiadnate, constricted, narrowly long-decurrent. 4. Hemitelia mexicana Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 287. 1849. Hemistegia mexicana Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135. 1872. Oaxaca, in mountain forests near Cacolé, District of Chinantla, at 750 to 900 meters altitude; known only from the original collection. Caudex about 30 em. high; blades broadly lanceolate, 1.5 to 1.8 meters long; pinnae linear, about 30 cm. long; main veins 50 pairs, spreading, 4 to 7 mm. apart. 5. Hemitelia lucida (Fée) Maxon, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 39. 1912. Hemistegia lucida Fée, Gen. Fil, 351. 1852. District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, at 2,000 meters altitude; known only from the type collection. Blades ovate-oblong, 2 meters long or less; pinnae numerous, linear-lanceolate, up to 45 em. long; main crenations or lobes 28 to 34 pairs. 3. ALSOPHILA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 158, 1810. Similar to Cyathea, but having the indusia wholly lacking or, in a few species, represented by a very minute, concealed, vestigial, basal scale; receptacles often copiously long-paraphysate. Two subgenera, Lophosoria and Amphidesmium, are unique in their silky capillary scales, which are similar to those of Cibotium and Dicksonia. They differ notably from typical Alsophila in other morphological characters also and possibly should be regarded as distinct genera. Amphtdesmium is not known to occur in Mexico, though it occupies a: wide range southward. Lopho- soria is represented by the variable and widely distributed A. quadripinnata, the first-mentioned species below. Blades waxy-pruinose beneath, the rachises, costae, and veins lanate with lax, tortuous, pale rusty, septate hairs; sori with low hemispheric receptacles ; caudex and stipe bases densely clothed with silky capillary scales 1 cell broad______-__------------------------------------ 1. A. quadripinnata. Blades not waxy-pruinose beneath, the rachises and costae paleaceous or fur- furaceous, with or without spreading hairs; sori with capitate or spheric receptacles; caudex and stipe bases bearing flat scales many cells broad. Primary and secondary rachises blackish; blades fully tripinnate, the seg- ments stalked______-_-_-_____--_------------------------- 2. A. salvinii., Primary and secondary rachises stramineous to yellowish or light brown; blades simply bipinnate or bipinnate-pinnatifid. Blades bipinnate only, the pinnules sinuate to crenate___8. A. marginalis. Blades bipinnate-pinnatifid, the segments connected by a narrow wing, Segments rounded-obtuse, shallowly and broadly crenate. 4. A. schiedeana. Segments acute or acutish, sharply incised to pinnatifid. Costae of pinnules thinly squamulose, nearly devoid of long spreading septate hairs beneath; primary rachis with pungent, spreading or retrorse, scattered spines throughout, the secondary rachises simi- larly armed______-_-----~-------------------- 5. A. microdonta. 126651—_20—4. 44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Costae with numerous spreading hairs beneath, these extending to the costules and often to the veins; primary rachis unarmed, or plainly aculeate only toward the base, the secondary rachises merely muricate. Pinnae and pinnules petiolate; costae and costules devoid of bullate scales. 6. A. myosuroides. Pinnae and pinnules sessile; costules bearing small, subpersistent, white or yellowish, bullate scales beneath. Segments pinnatifid; primary and secondary rachises with occa- sional large flat persistent white scales_______ 7. A. mexicana. Segments deeply incised to deeply crenate-serrate; rachises devoid of large whitish scales. Bullate scales deciduous, few, confined to the base of the cos- tules; segments sparsely hirsute above along the costules and veins____________ ~o- ee 8. A. scabriuscula. Bullate scales persistent, numerous; segments glabrous above. 9. A. bicrenata. 1. Alsophila quadripinnata (Gmel.) C, Chr. Ind. Fil. 47. 1905. Polypodium quadripinnatum Gmel. Syst. Nat. 27: 1814. 1791. Polypodium pruinatum Swartz, Journ. Bot. Schrad. 18007: 29. 1801. Alsophila pruinata Kaulf.; Kunze, Linnaea 9: 99. 1834. Lophosoria pruinata Presl, Abh, Béhm, Ges. V. 5: 345. 1848, Trichosorus glaucescens Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 288. 1849. Trichosorus densus Liebm, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V, 1: 284. 1849. Trichosorus frigidus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 284. 1849. ?Alsophila schaffneriana Fée, Mém. Foug, 8: 109. 1857. Mountains of Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, ascending to 3,000 meters. Central America to Chile and Argentina; Greater Antilles, the type from Jamaica. Rhizomes stout, up to 38 meters high (usually less than 1 meter), often mul- ticipital, densely lanate with lax, tortuous, pale rusty, capillary scales; fronds 2 to 4.5 meters long, long-stalked, the blades subtriangular, tripinnate-pinnatifid. 2. Alsophila salvinii Hook, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 36. 1866. Alsophila munchii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 5: 734. 1905. Region of San Pablo, Chiapas, at 2,200 meters altitude. Also in the moun- tains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at 1,400 to 1,600 meters elevation, the type from Chilasco. Trunk 1 to 1.5 meters high; blades very ample, at least 1.5 meters broad, the primary and secondary rachises blackish, polished, woody, nearly or quite smooth ; pinnae 60 to 80 cm. long, 20 to 30 cm. broad; pinnules 22 to 25 pairs, close, spreading ; segments 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad, obtusely pinnatifid or crenately lobed; costae and costules deciduously paleaceous beneath, the scales minute, many of them substellate, with blackish spinous processes, 3. Alsophila marginalis Klotzsch, Linnaea 18: 542, 1844, Hemitelia marginalis Jenman, Ferns Brit. W. Ind. Guian. 43. 1898. Sierra San Nolasco, Oaxaca. Also in British Guiana, the type locality. Very rare. Stipe sparsely short-aculeate, paleaceous above; blades 1.5 to 1.8 meters long, deciduously paleaceous; pinnae alternate, elongate-oblong, 20 to 38 em. long, gibbose-articulate; pinnules sessile or short-petiolate, spreading, hastate- lanceolate, or ligulate from a cordate base, 2 to 8 cm, long, 8 to 15 mm. broad, sinuate to deeply crenate; sori in a continuous line 1 to 1.5 mm. from the margin, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 45 4, Alsophila schiedeana Presl; Kunze, Linhaea 13: 149. 1839. Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas, the type from Veracruz. Also in eastern Guatemala, apparently common, at 275 to 1,000 meters altitude. Arborescent; stipe dull brown, angulate, freely armed with stout straight spines up to 5 mm. long; blades ample, the rachis pale brown, aculeolate; pinnae spreading, linear-oblong to oblong, acuminate, up to 70 em. long and 25 cm. broad, the secondary rachis deciduously squamulose-puberulous beneath ; pinnules linear-oblong, acute or acuminate, spreading, with minute hairs and brown bullate scales beneath, the latter extending to the costules; veins simple or once forked, glabrous; sori nearly medial. ‘“ Malque” (Chiapas). 5. Alsophila microdonta Desv. Mém. Soc, Linn, Paris 6: 319. 1827. Polypodium microdonton Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund, Berlin Mag. 5: 319, 1811. Polypodium aculeatum Raddi, Opusc. Sci. Bologna 3: 288. 1819. Not P. aculeatum LL, 17538, Alsophila armata Mart. Icon. Pl. Crypt. 72. pl. 28, 48. 1884. Not A. armata Presl, 1836. Veracruz and Tabasco. Guatemala to Brazil, mainly at low elevations near the coast; known in the West Indies only from the Isle of Pines; type doubtfully South American. Caudex 1 to 5 meters high; fronds arcuate-spreading, 2 to 2.5 meters long, the long brown stipes freely armed with very short, narrowly conical spines up to 1 cm. long, similar but smaller ones occurring sparsely on the primary and secondary rachises throughout; pinnae narrowly oblong, abruptly acuminate, 30 to 60 cm, long, 10 to 25 em, broad; pinnules spreading, linear-oblong, attenu- ate; segments linear, falcate, obliquely incised except at the dilatate base, membranous, the costule bearing a few long septate hairs beneath and, with the veins, also thinly and laxly puberulous with minute tortuous hairs; sori numerous, nearly medial, often confluent. 6. Alsophila myosuroides Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 236. 1849. Veracruz to Chiapas, at low elevations, the type from the region of Chi- nantla. British Honduras, eastern Guatemala, and Honduras, at 180 meters altitude or less; abundant in the province of Pinar del Rfo, Cuba, and the Isle of Pines, herbarium material having been widely distributed under the manu- script name Alsophila wrightit Underw. Caudex 3 to 5 meters high; fronds ample, the stout brown stipes thickly aculeolate and clothed with copious stiff, acicular, bright brown scales at the base, muricate above; pinnae petiolate, narrowly oblong, long-acuminate, 40 to 65 em. long, 15 to 22 cm. broad; pinnules stalked, linear-attenuate or oblong- linear and abruptly long-caudate, the costae sparsely hirsute beneath ; segments linear, falcate, acutish, serrate, herbaceous, dull green; costules sparsely hirsute beneath; sori very numerous, usually confluent, 7. Alsophila mexicana Mart. Icon. Pl. Crypt. 70. pl. 45. 1834. Alsophila godmani Hook, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 36. 1866. * Mountains of Oaxaca and Chiapas, the type from San Pablo de Teoxomulco, Oaxaca. Also in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at 900 to 1,550 meters altitude. Caudex arborescent, presumably several meters high; blades ample; primary rachis stout, apparently unarmed, subpersistently furfuraceous, bearing scat- tered large whitish scales, and hirsute with long inflated tawny septate hairs, their bases persistent, the rachis thus invariably scabrous in age; pinnae nar- rowly oblong, acuminate, 50 to 60 cm. long, 16 to 22 cm. broad, the rachis similar to the primary one; pinnules close or subimbricate, sessile, linear-oblong, rather abruptly long-acuminate; segments herbaceous, pinnatifid, sparsely hirsute along the costules and veins on both surfaces. 46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Alsophila scabriuscula Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 125, 1919. Region of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Also in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, the type from Cubilquitz, altitude 350 meters. Caudex arborescent, presumably stout and several meters high; fronds very ample, the stout stipe bearing numerous slender conical spines about 4 mm. long; blades ample, the primary rachis sparsely aculeate toward the base, hir- sute, scabrous from the persistent bases of the pale spreading septate hairs; pinnae narrowly oblong, acuminate, 50 to 75 cm. long, 18 to 80 cm. broad, the secondary rachis hirsute, scabrous with age; pinnules approximate, spread- ing, sessile, oblong-linear, long-acuminate; segments herbaceous, deeply incised, the lobes usually bidentate; costules and veins sparsely hirsute beneath and with a thin covering of minute, closely appressed, septate hairs. 9. Alsophila bicrenata (Liebm.) Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 184. 1872. Cyathea bicrenata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 289. 1849. Mountains of Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, at 1,200 to 2,100 meters elevation, the type from Puebla. Caudex 5 to 10 meters high, up to 15 em. thick; stipe short, yellowish brown, short-aculeate ; blades 2 to 4 meters long, elongate-lanceolate, the primary rachis sparingly hirsute with gland-tipped, laxly unciform, septate hairs, scabrous from their persistent inflated bases; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 45 to 60 cm. long, 14 to 20 cm. broad; pinnules 25 to 30 pairs, linear, attenuate, 10 to 15 mm. broad, sessile; segments narrowly oblong, subfalcate, herbaceous, deeply crenate-serrate, the teeth bidentate. 4. DICKSONIA L’Her. Sert. Angl. 30. 1788. REFERENCE: Maxon, The North American tree ferns of the genus Dicksonia, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 153-156. 1918. Caudex erect, 1 to 10 meters high or more, stout, often with a thick growth of adventitious roots toward the base, greatly thickened above by the long- persistent stipe bases of old fronds; fronds numerous, rigidly ascending in a terminal crown, the short stout stipes and the summit of the caudex with a copious covering of bright brown to ferruginous silky capillary scales, these straight or matted, several cm. long, one cell broad; lamina ovate to oblanceolate, 2 to 3-pinnate; pinnae mostly equilateral, the pinnules elongate; segments coriaceous or rigidly herbaceous, dimorphous or (in our species) uniform; veins simple or several times forked; sori terminal; indusium bival- vate, the outer lip consisting of a deeply concave, rounded, greenish, scarcely modified lobule of thea leaf margin, the inner lip dark or: yellowish brown, deeply concave, usually coriaceous and equaling the outer lip. 1. Dicksonia ghiesbreghtii Maxon, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 17: 155, 1913. Temperate mountain region of Chiapas, the type collected by Ghiesbreght. Caudex 4 to 5 meters high; blades essentially tripinnate; primary pinnae linear-oblong, acuminate, 60 to 70 cm. long, about 20 cm. broad, the rachi¢ slightly rough from the abrasion of the articulate, turgid, dirty yellow, capillary scales; pinnules numerous, contiguous, alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, long- acuminate, the costa with a few capillary scales beneath; segments 20 pairs or more, linear-oblong, straight or subfalcate, 10 to 15 mm. long, the sterile ones serrate to obliquely incised, the fertile ones pinnatifid two-thirds the distance to the elevated costule; veins 7 or 8 pairs, those of the fertile segments usually once forked; sori mostly 4 or 5 pairs, 1 mm, broad. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 47 5, CIBOTIUM Kaulf. Berlin, Jahrb. Pharm. 21:53. 1820, REFERENCE: Maxon, The American species of Cibotium, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 54-58. pl. 30-32. 1912. Caudex stout, 1 to 8 meters high, sometimes from its covering of adventitious roots and old stipe bases attaining a diameter of nearly one meter; fronds erect-arching, the stout stipes and upper caudex clothed with capillary scales ° as in Dicksonia; blades ample, of an ovate-deltoid type, bipinnate to tripinnate- pinnatifid, the rachises smooth or nearly so, glabrescent; pinnae mostly inequi- lateral, the distal pinnules much longer than the proximal ones; pinnules simi- larly inequilateral, deltoid-oblong to linear, asymmetrical; under surfaces pruinose to ceraceo-papillate, glabrous, hairy, or rarely subfurfuraceous; veins oblique, the fertile ones usually simple; sori terminal, essentially marginal; indusium deeply bivalvate, the outer lip consisting of a highly differentiated saccate portion of the leaf margin, the inner of an orbicular to linguiform carti- laginous operculum affixed at its base, somewhat reflexed at maturity., Larger pinnae 40 to 50 em. long; sori mostly distant, usually extending out- ward in the plane of the segment, the inner lip of the indusium as large as the outer one; leaf tissue chartaceous-membranous__------- 1. C. schiedei. Larger pinnae 60 to 80 cm. long; sori contiguous, erect, or the narrower and slightly longer inner lip strongly reflexed at maturity and overlying the costule; leaf tissue rigidly herbaceous______-_-_--_------------ 2. C. regale. 1. Cibotium schiedei Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 616, 1830. Dicksonia schiedeit Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 50. 1868. Humid mountain forests of Oaxaca and Veracruz, at 600 to 1,200 meters altitude, the type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Caudex 1 meter high or less or (according to Galeotti) attaining a height of 4.5 meters; fronds 1.2 to 1.8 meters long, the blade at least 80 em. broad, pinnae ascending, deltoid-oblong to deltoid-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate; pinnules 28 to 30 pairs, pinnatifid nearly to the costa, the larger distal ones 11 to 16 cm. long; segments 25 to 30 pairs, conspicuously pruinose and ceraceo- papillate beneath. 2. Cibotium regale Versch. & Lem. Ill. Hort. 15: under pl. 548. 1868. Dicksonia regalis Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 461. 1874. Mountains of-Chiapas, whence it was introduced into cultivation by Ghies- breght. Caudex erect, up to 10 meters high, 40 to 50 cm. in diameter, fronds 10 to 12, widely recurved-spreading, up to 4 meters long; blades about 3 meters long, up to 1.5 meters broad; pinnae mostly spreading, deltoid-lanceolate acuminate ; pinnules about 35 pairs, pinnatifid nearly to the costa; segments 30 to 35 pairs. conspicuously ceraceo-pruinose beneath. 3. CYCADACEAE. Cycad Family. REFERENCE: A. De Candolle in DC. Prodr. 16°: 522-547. 1864. Palmlike plants, the leaves pinnate, basal or clustered at the end of a trunk; flowers dioecious, in large thick cones; seeds nutlike. Many of the species are important as food plants because of their edible fruits or of -the starch obtained from the stems. They are often grown for ornament. Cone seales imbricate in alternate series. Trunk covered by the persistent petioles _-______--_------------------- ~----------------- 1. DIOON. 48 _ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cone scales in vertical series. Cone scales with 2 transverse appendages at the apex; caudex covered with persistent petioles - wa----- =e 2. CERATOZAMIA. . Cone scales naked; caudex naked___-___--_....__ 3. ZAMIA. 1. DIOON Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1848: Misc, 59, 1843. Pinnae entire______------- 1. D. edule. Pinnae spinulose-denticulate. Pinnae with numerous teeth on both margins; trunk 2 to 15 meters high. 2. D. spinulosum. Pinnae entire on the lower margin, with few teeth on the upper margin; trunk short ----------- 3. D. purpusii. 1. Dioon edule Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1843: Misc. 59. 1843. Zamia maeleni Miquel, Linnaea 18: 97. 1844. Platyzamia rigida Zuce. Abh. Wiss. Akad. Miinchen 4: 23. 1845. Dioon imbricatum Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 36. 1848, Dioon angustifolium Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr, 1: 37. 1848. Dioon aculeatum Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem, 2: Mise, 91. 1855. Dioon edule latipinna Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 191. 1883. Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; described from cultivated plants. Plants with a trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1 to 1.5 meters long, woolly when young, with about 200 pinnae, these linear-lanceolate, sharp-pointed ; staminate cones cylindric, 20 to 30 cm. long; pistillate cones ovoid, 20 to 30 em, long. ‘“Chamal” (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf) ; “sotol” (Ta- maulipas) ; “palma de la virgen” (Sinaloa; in market) ; ‘palma de macetas ” (Durango; cultivated). The large chestnut-like seeds contain much starch, and are roasted or boiled and eaten. They are a favorite food of bears, peccaries, and domestic swine. A decoction of the seeds is said to be used for neuralgia. The staminate inflorescences are claimed to be poisonous to cattle, causing emaciation and partial paralysis. The plant is often seen in cultivation. 2. Dioon spinulosum Dyer; Fichl. Gart. Zeit. 1883: 411. 1883. Reported from Veracruz and Yucatan. Said to attain a height of 15 meters, although often much lower: leaves numerous, spreading, 1 to 2 meters long, with very numerous pinnae. 3. Dioon purpusii* Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 260. 1909. In shaded canyons, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca, Trunk short; leaves numerous, a meter long or larger, stiff, ascending; pinnae 5 to 9 cm. long; staminate cones 15 to 20 cm. long; fertile cones about 45 cm. long and 20 em. thick. “ Chamal” (Oaxaca). A plant with similar leaves, probably of the same species, has been collected in 'Tepic. Another similar plant, with glaucous leaves, is in cultivation in Sonora, * Named for C. A. Purpus, who hns made extensive collections in Mexieo in recent years, especially in Baja California, San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. His collections have included many plants previously unknown, most of which have been described by Brandegee. Sets of his collections are in the U. 8S. National Herbarium. ’ STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 49 2. CERATOZAMIA Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 5: 7. 1846.- The plants of this genus are very imperfectly known and are rarely collected. Some of them are seen occasionally in cultivation. Petioles unarmed; pinnae about 1.8 em, wide_______-________ 1. C. kusteriana. Petioles aculeate; pinnae 1.8 to 7.5 cm. wide. Pinnae few (about 5 pairs), semiobovate____-______----___ 2. C. miqueliana. Pinnae numerous (15 to 20 pairs), narrowly lanceolate. Pinnae 10 to 12.5 em. long, 1.8 to 3.5 em. wide_-__________ 3. C. latifolia. Pinnae 30 to 32 cm. long, about 2.5 em. wide -___-____~_ 4. C. mexicana. 1. Ceratozamia kusteriana Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 1857: 187. 1857. Introduced into cultivation from Mexico, the locality not stated. Trunk short; leaves about 1.5 meters’ long, tomentose at first, with about 40 pinnae; staminate cones about 8 cm. long, short-pedunculate. 2. Ceratozamia miqueliana Wendl. Ind. Palm. 68. 1854. Mexico, the locality not stated. Leaves about a meter long, glaucous when young; pinnue 20 to 22.5 cm. long, about 7 cm. wide. 8. Ceratozamia latifolia Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 206. 1848. Described from Mirador, Veracruz. - 4, Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 5: 7. 1846. ?Zamia galeottii Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 1845: 23. 1845. Cenatozamia longifolia Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 40. 1848, Ceratozamia intermedia Miquel, Wiss, Tijdschr. 1: 40. 1848. Ceratozamia robusta Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 42. 1848. Veracruz. Trunk short, ovoid; leaves about a meter long; staminate cones about 10 em. long and 4 cm. thick. ‘“ Palma” (Ramirez). 3. ZAMIA IL. Sp. Pl. 165, 1758. Several other species besides those listed here have been reported from Mexico, but their status is altogether doubtful. The species of the genus are known very imperfectly. The Indians of Florida used the starch extracted from the stems of the species of that region as a food known as coontie. Pinnae oblanceolate or obovate-oblong__ ~-----_-------------- 1. Z. furfuracea. Pinnae linear to lanceolate. Nerves of the pinnae few (7 to 10)_-------------------------- 2. Z. spartea. “Nerves of the pinnae numerous (18 to 30 or more). Pinnae few (about 16), usually entire_-___--------_----- 3. Z. cycadifolia. Pinnae numerous (28 to 50 or more), more or less serrulate. Pinnae obtuse or truncate at the apex______---__--__--_- 4. Z. leiboldii. Pinnae acute or attenuate. Pinnae about 0.8 cm. wide__-..--------------------- 5. Z. lawsoniana. Pinnae 1.5 to 3 em. wide_____----------------------- 6. Z. loddigesii. 1. Zamia furfuracea L. f.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 477, 1789. Veracruz; introduced into cultivation in England as early as 1691. Trunk 30 to 60 cm. long or obsolete; pinnae 20 to 26; pistillate cones 5 to 10 em. long, yellow, 2. Zamia spartea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 5389. 1864. Type from Acayucan, Veracruz. Guatemala. Leaves about 30 em. long, the petioles aculeolate; pinnae about 40, 25 to 30 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide. ; 50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Reported (A. DC., loc. cit,) to be used as a remedy for snake bites. 3. Zamia cycadifolia Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 195, 1883. Described from Mexico, probably from Veracruz. Leaves bright green; pinnae linear, 12.5 to 20 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide. 4. Zamia leiboldii Miquel, Linnaea 19: 427. 1845. Described from Colipa, Veracruz. Trunk very short; petioles 20 to 80 cm. long, the pinnae 28 to 44, 15 to 28 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. wide; pistillate cone 5.5 em. long. 5. Zamia lawsoniana Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 195. 1883. Oaxaca. Pinnae 50 or more, 22 cm, long or ‘Shorter, 8 mm. wide; staminate cone 6.5 em. long, 2.5 em. thick. 6. Zamia loddigesii Miquel, Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. 10: 73. 1843. Zamia mexicana Miquel, Prodr. Cycad. 18. 1861. Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated. Guatemala, Pinnae about 19 cm. long. . 4. TAXACEAE. Yew Family. 1. TAXUS L. Sp. Pl. 1040. 1753. 1. Taxus globosa Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 496. 1838. Forests of Veracruz, Hidalgo, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. . Tree, 6 meters high or probably larger; leaves linear, cuspidate, 2 to 3,5 cm. long; seed nutlike, seated in a fleshy red cup-shaped disk. The other North American species of yew have hard strong elastic close- grained reddish wood, with a specific gravity of about 0.64. The leaves and seeds of the various species contain a poisonous alkaloid, taxine; the bark is rich in tannin. 5. PINACEAE. Pine Family. Trees or shrubs; leaves usually evergreen, alternate, opposite, verticillate, or fasciculate; flowers monoecious or dioceious; fruit a dry or somewhat fleshy cone, composed of few or numerous scales. Leaves fasciculate (rarely solitary), with a sheath at the base______ 1. PINUS. Leaves solitary, without a sheath. Leaves linear, 1 cm. long or larger. Cones globose, with few thick scales; leaves deciduous__4. TAXODIUM. Cones elongate, with numerous thin scales; leaves persistent. Cones pendulous, the scales persistent_____________ 2. PSEUDOTSUGA. Cones erect, the scales deciduous___________ 3. ABIES. Leaves scalelike, mostly 3 mm. long or shorter. Fruit baccate, indehiscent___________-________________ 5. JUNIPERUS. Fruit a dry cone, dehiscent. Leaves opposite; cone scales peltate___ - 6. CUPRESSUS. Leaves in whorls of 4; cone scales oblong, not peltate. 7. LIBOCEDRUS. 1, PINUS-L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753. REFERENCE: G. R. Shaw, The pines of Mexico, pp. 1-29. pl. 1-22. 1909. The pines are perhaps the most important genus of North American trees. They are certainly the most important group of lumber trees, the wood, varying STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 51 in quality in different species, being used for almost every purpose for which wood is commonly employed. In the mountains of Mexico large quantities of pine lumber are sawed and much is exported. The resinous juice is of great economic importance, being the source of turpentine, resin, tar, and other products. When the juice, which is obtained by tapping the trees, is distilled, oil or spirits of turpentine is produced. This has many well-known uses in the arts and in medicine. The residue left from the distillation is the resin of commerce. By crude distillation of the wood, pine tar is obtained, with a residue of charcoal. Tar subjected to distillation yields oil of tar and a thick residue known as naval pitch. Pine wood is used extensively in Mexico for fuel. Bundles of splinters of pitch pine to be used in starting fires are seen commonly in the markets. Some of the North American Indians in times of famine have used the sapwood and inner bark for food, and they have also employed strips ofthe inner bark for making baskets. Some tribes still use resin to waterproof baskets and_jars of wickerwork. Pine leaves are sometimes mixed in adobe bricks in place of straw. The leaves are very tough, and the longer ones occasionally serve as a substitute for twine. The branches are employed in some localities for thatching. A volatile oil obtained from the leaves is used in medicine, and pine tar also is employed medicinally. The cones are used in place of combs by some of the Indian tribes. The pines are often planted for ornamental purposes, and some of the Mexican species have been cultivated in Europe, although few of them thrive there. Pinus halepensis Mill. and P. pinea L., European species, are said to be cultivated in Mexican parks. In Mexico pines are most generally known under the names “ pino ” (Spanish) and “ ocote,” the latter a corruption of the Nahuatl “ ocotl.” Besides the ver- nacular names listed under the various species, the following names are applied to Mexican pines, although it is uncertain to which species they belong: “ Pino barbon ” (Durango) ; “pino triste” (Durango) ; “pino de azficar ” (Durango; “perhaps P. ayacahuite”’) ; “ pino prieto” (Durango, Sinaloa) ; “ guiri-biche ” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko). In 1857 there was published in the City of Mexico a “Catalogue de Graines de Coniféres Méxicains” by B. Roezl & Cia. In this 82 new species of Mexican pines were described, nearly all from the Valley of Mexico. The most compe- tent students of the genus have concluded that all these new names are prop- erly referable to earlier published species. It does not seem necessary to list the numerous names in synonymy here, but those who wish to refer to them will find them tabulated in Shaw’s monograph referred to above. Leaves 1 or 2 in a fascicle. Leaves solitary______----------------------------------- 1. P. monophylla. Leaves 2 in a fascicle. I%af sheaths deciduous; leaves 2 to 4 cm, long---------------- 2. P. edulis. Leaf sheaths persistent ; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long____-------- 26. P. contorta. Leaves 3 or more in a fascicle. Leaves 4 to 5 em. long or shorter. Leaves 8 in a fascicle_______--------------------------- 3. P. cembroides. Leaves 4 in a fascicle_____----------------------------- 4, P. quadrifolia. Leaves 6 em. long or longer. Leaves 15 to 40 cm. long. Sheaths of the leaves deciduous. Leaves in fascicles of 5; cones 20 to 45 cm. long___-7. P. ayacahuite. Leaves in fascicles 3; cones 5 to 7 cm, long--------- 18. P. lumholtzii. 52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sheaths of the leaves persistent. Cones usually deciduous, dull or sublustrous. Cones 4 to 5 em. long. Leaves bright green___--------_-- 14. P. teocote. Leaves glaucous__------- 15. P. lawsoni. Cones mostly 8 to 30 em. long. Leaves in fascicles of 3 or 4; cones 6 to 12 cm. long. Sheaths deciduous__------ 12. P. chihuahuana. Sheaths persistent. Cones deciduous, dull. Cones 7 cm. long or shorter___________ | 14. P. teocote. Cones 6 to 12 cm, long___----_-__ 18. P. hartwegii. ’ Cones persistent, sublustrous. Leaves 8 to 13 cm. long; cones 4 to 8 cm. long; resin ducts uniting hypoderm and endoderm of the leaves. Oo ' 23. P. oocarpa. Leaves 7 to 10 cm. long; cones 6 to 12 cm. long; resin ducts medial____-__-_____-eee 24. P. greggii. Leaves in fascicles of 5. . Cones 4 to 12 cm. long. Sheaths deciduous________----- 11. P. leiophylla. Sheaths persistent. Leaves 18 to 28 cm. long. Cones persistent, lustrous. 23. P. oocarpa. Leaves 7 to 18 cm. long. Cones deciduous, dull_.---- 18. P. hartwegii. Cones persistent, lustrous___.______ | 20. P. arizonica. Cones 10 to 45 em. long. Leaves 10 to 20 cm. long____-_. 7. P. ayacahuite. Leaves less than 10 cm. long. Leaves entire. Seed wings rudimentary_____ 8. P. flexilis. Leaves serrulate. Prickles of the cone scales weak and deciduous. Bark of young trees smooth______ 16. P. pseudostrobus. Bark of young trees rough______ 17. P. montezumae, Prickles of the cone scales stout and persistent. 19. P. ponderosa. Cones: persistent, very lustrous, Resin ducts of the leaves uniting the hypoderm and endoderm. 23. P. oocarpa. Resin ducts of the leaves internal or medial. * Resin ducts of the leaves internal. Cone scales without upcurved spines__________ 21. P. pringlei. Cone scales with strongly upcurved spines______ 22. P. coalteri. Resin ducts medial__--__-__----- 25. P. patula. Leaves up to 15 cm. long, usually shorter. Seeds not winged. Leaves in fascicles of 3. Sheaths of the leaves deciduous; leaves entire________ 5. P. pinceana. Sheaths persistent; leaves serrulate_____._.__ | 6. P. nelsoni. Seeds winged. Seed wing well developed; cones 25 to 45 cm. long. , 9. P. lambertiana. Seed wing rudimentary; cones 10 to 25 em. long______ 10. P. reflexa. . STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 53 1. Pinus monophylla Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 319. pl. 4. 1845, Pinus cembroides monophylla Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907. Mountains of Northern Baja California. Southern California (type locality) to Utah, Tree, usually 7 meters high or less, but sometimes attaining a height of 15 meters and a trunk diameter of 30 cm.; trunk short, often branched near the base, the bark deeply and irregularly fissured, dark reddish brown; leaves about 4 cm. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6.5 em. long, light reddish brown, shining, the scales few, thick; seeds about 1.5 cm. long; wood soft, brittle, weak, close-grained, yellow to light brown, its specific gravity about 0.56. “Pifién ” (California, Arizona). The wood is used for fuel and for charcoal for smelters. The seeds are edible, either raw or roasted, and they are sometimes ground into meal. 2. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem, North. Mex, 88. 1848. Pinus cembroides edulis Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907. Dry mountain sides, Baja California, at an altitude of about 1,800 meters; perhaps also in northern Chihuahua, Western Texas to Arizona and Wyoming ;.—— type from New Mexico. Sometimes reaching a height of 12 meters and a trunk diameter of 75 cm., but usually smaller; trunk short, often divided to the base, the bark brown, irregular fissured; leaves 1.8 to 4 cm. long, green; cones about 4 cm, long, the few scales very thick; seeds brown, about 1.2 cm, long; wood soft, weak, brittle, close-grained, pale brown, the specific gravity about 0.64. “ Piflon” (New Mexico, Arizona, etc.). In the United States the w6od is used for fencing, fuel, and charcoal, and is sometimes sawed into boards, although it is only rarely suitable for lumber. Pinyon seeds are an important article of food in New Mexico and Arizona, largely taking the place filled by peanuts in other parts of the United States. They were a staple food, also, of the Indians. In New Mexico they are some- times gathered in such large quantities as to be used for horse feed. The nuts are sometimes exported to other regions, and have been used in making confec- tionery. 3. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 1: 392. 1832, Pinus Uaveana Schiede, Linnaea 12: 488. 1838. Pinus osteosperma Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North, Mex, 89. 1848. Low mountains, Chihuahua to Baja California, southward to Hidalgo. Southern Arizona and New Mexico, Bushy tree, usually about 6 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 30 em., but sometimes much larger; bark reddish brown, irregularly fissured; leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, dark green; cones 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, reddish brown; seeds 8 to 10 mm. long; wood soft, close-grained, yellow, its specific gravity about 0.65. Known generally as “ pifién” or “pino pifién,” the seeds as “ pifiones.” The seeds are eaten in all regions where the nut pine grows, and are highly esteemed. They are very palatable raw, but are improved by roasting, after which they possess a flavor unexcelled, perhaps, by that of any kind of nut. The seeds are placed in the mouth and the thin shells are cracked with the teeth and ejected without being touched by the fingers, an operation in which one may become very proficient by a little practice. The nuts are often added to candies. . 4. Pinus quadrifolia Parry; Parl. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 402. 1868. Pinus parryana Engelm. Amer. Journ, Sci. IT. 34: 382. 1862. Not P. parryana Gord. 1858. 54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. * Mountains of Baja California, at low elevations. Southern California; type from mountains east of San Diego. Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 45 em. in diameter, the lower branches often touching the ground; bark dark reddish brown, shallowly fissured; leaves 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6 cm. long, brown and shining; seeds about 1.5 em. long; wood soft, close-grained, yellow or pale brown, its specific gravity about 0.57. “ Pifi6n” (California ). The seeds are eaten like those of the other nut pines. 5. Pinus pinceana Gord.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 204. 1858. Pinus latisquama Engelm. Gard. Chron II. 18: 712. 1882. Coahuila to Hidalgo; type said to have come from Cuernavaca, but if so it was probably taken from a cultivated tree. Low tree with short trunk, the branchlets long, slender, pendent; leaves 12 to 16 cm. long, grayish green; cones 6 to 9 em. long, pendent, early deciduous. In the original description the tree is said to reach a height of 18 meters, but it is usually much lower. 6. Pinus nelsoni’ Shaw, Gard. Chron. III. 36: 122. f. 49. 1904. Nuevo Leon, on lower slopes of the mountains; type from Miquihuana. - Low tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with long slender branches, these clothing the trunk to the ground; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long, grayish green. Shaw reports that the nuts are eaten greedily by macaws, and are sometimes found in the markets for human food. 7. Pinus ayacahuite K. Ehrenb. Linnaea 12: 492. 1838. Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. Pinus veitchii Roezl, Cat. Conif. Mex. 32. 1857. Pinus bonapartea Roezl, Gard. Chron. 1858: 858. 1858. Pinus loudoniana Gord.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 230. 1858. Chihuahua to Mexico, Guerrero, and Chiapas; type from Omitlin, Hidalgo. Guatemala, | Large tree; leaves 10 to 20 cm. long; cones 20 to 45 em. long, pendent, pale yellowish or reddish brown, usually dull; seeds with a large wing, or this rarely almost obsolete. “Acanita” (Coahuila) ; “ acalocahuite ” (Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ayacahuite” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca, ete.); “ocote blanco” (Oax- aca); “ayacahuite colorado” (Hidalgo, Mexico, Ramirez) ; “ sacalacahuite ” (various localities, Ramirez) ; “ pino real” (Oaxaca, Reko); “pino acahuite” or “pino cahuite” (Durango, Patoni). 8. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823. Mountains of Coahuila. Northward along the Rocky Mountains to Alberta ; type from the Rocky Mountains, Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters thick, the crown conic or in age rounded; bark dark brown or nearly black, deeply fissured into broad ridges and scaly plates; leaves about 5 cm. long (rarely 9 cm.); cones 7.5 to 25 em. long, light brown, with thin scales; seeds 8 to 12 mm. long, winged; wood soft, close-grained, pale yellow or reddish. its specific gravity about 0.43. The wood of the limber pine is used to some extent in the United States for construction purposes. The seeds are edible. *Named for E. W. Nelson (1855-), Chief of the Bureau of Biological Sur- vey, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. Nelson has traveled very exten- sively in Mexico, while engaged in investigations of the biological features of the country. He has obtained a very large series of botanical specimens, which are in the U. S. National Herbarium. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 55 9. Pinus lambertiana Dougl. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot, 15: 500, 1827. San Pedro Martir Mountains of Baja California, at elevations of 2,250 meters or more, Northward to Oregon; type from the Umpqua River. The largest of North American pines (probably of all pines), in the northern part of its range sometimes attaining a height of 70 meters and a trunk diameter of 4 meters, trees of still larger dimensions having been reported ; bark brown or red-brown, fissured into long plates, on young trees smooth; cones pendulous ; seeds broadly winged; wood light brown, soft, its specific gravity about 0.37. In the United States (where the tree is known as sugar pine) the wood is used for shingles, barrels, general construction, etc. 10. Pinus reflexa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 4. 1882. Pinus flerilis reflera Engelm.; Rothr, in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 258, 1878. Mountains of northern Chihuahua. Arizona (type from Santa Rita Moun- tains) and New Mexico. ; Tree, sometimes 30 meters high and with a trunk diameter of 60 cm., the branches slender and somewhat drooping; bark brown or reddish brown, deeply fissured; leaves light green; wood hard, strong, reddish white, its specific gravity about 0.49. 11. Pinus leiophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 354. 1831. Zacatecas to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Michoacan. Tree, 15 to 27 meters high; bark thin, at first, red, soon becoming very coarse and rough; leaves 10 to 14 cm. long, grayish green; cones maturing the third year, 7 cm, long or shorter, persistent. The names “ ocote blanco ” and “ ocote chino” are said to be applied to this species. 12. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North, Mex, 103. 1848. Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Tepic; type from mountains of Chihuahua. Southern Arizona and New Mexico. Tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 90 cm. in diameter; bark thick, dark reddish or nearly black, deeply fissured into broad flat ridges; leaves 6 to 10 cm. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6 cm. long, ripening the third year, brown and shining; wood soft and brittle but durable, close-grained, orange, its specific gravity about 0.54. 13. Pinus lumholtzii? Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 122. 1894. In the mountains, Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Tepic; type from Coloradas, Chihuahua. Tree with broad rounded crown and slender, somewhat pendent branches; bark at first thin, separating into deciduous scales, in age coarse and thick; leaves 20 to 30 cm. long, bright green, pendent; cones pendent, dull pale brown. “ Pino triste.” A decoction of the leaves is employed by the Indians for stomach troubles, The wood is used for musical instruments, and for other purposes, 14. Pinus teocote Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 76. 1830. Pinus teocote macrocarpa Shaw, Pines Mex. 17. 1909. Nuevo Leon to Tepic and Chiapas; type from Mount Orizaba, Tree, 20 to 85 meters high; bark at first thin, red, deciduous, in age thick and rough; leaves 10 to 20 cm. long; cones spreading or reflexed, brown or 1Named for Carl Lumholtz (1851-), a native of Norway, who has con- ducted extensive investigations of the ethnological features of Mexico, especially in the northern ranges of the Sierra Madre. Upon some of his expeditions botanical collections were obtained. 56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. sublustrous. The following names are said to be applied to the tree in various localities: “ Jalocote,” “ xalécotl” (Nahuatl), “ ocote,” “ ocotl,” “pino real.” The tree produces turpentine (“ ocotzol,” “trementina de pino,” “trementina de ocote”) which is used in medicine as a balsamic stimulant, and for other purposes for which turpentine is generally employed. The tar (‘brea ”) remaining after the. distillation of turpentine is used for making torches, in soap, ete. \ 15. Pinus lawsoni Roezl; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. App. 64. 1862. Pinus altamirani Shaw; Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 209. 1905. Michoacéin and Morelos to Oaxaca, growing at subtropical levels. Tree, 20 to 25 meters high, the branchlets with a white bloom; leaves 24 em, long or shorter, glaucous; cones usually 5 to 6 em, long, reflexed, deciduous, dull yellowish brown. “ Ocote” (Oaxaca). 16. Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 63. 1839. Pinus apulcensis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Mise. 63. 1839. Pinus tenuifolia Benth, Pl. Hartw. 92. 1842. -- Pinus orizabae Gord. Journ. Hort, Soc. Lond. 1: 237. 1846. Durango and Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas, chiefly at subtropical levels ; type from Qrizaba. Guatemala and Nicaragua. Large tree, the trunk sometimes nearly 2 meters in diameter; bark smooth at first, becoming very rough in old age, the branches slender, verticillate; leaves 15 to 30 em. long, pendent ; cones 7 to 14 em. long, early deciduous, “Pino real” (Durango, Patoni). 17. Pinus montezumae Lambert, Descr, Pinus ed. 3, 1: 39. 1839. Pinus devoniana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc, 62, 1839. Pinus russelliana Lindl, Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 63. 1839, Pinus macrophylla Lindl, Bot. Reg, 25: Mise. 63. 1839. Pinus filifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 26: Mise. 61. 1840. Pinus grenvilleae Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond, 2: 77. 1847. Pinus gordoniana Hartw. Journ. Hort, Soc. Lond. 2: 79. 1847. Pinus wincesteriana Gord. Journ. Hort. Soc, Lond. 2: 158. 1847. Pinus lindleyana Gord. ; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 229. 1858. In the mountains, Durango and “Aaeatecas to Chiapas. Guatemala, Tree, 15 to 20 or even 80 meters high; leaves 10 to 45 em. long; cones sub- cylindric, 6 to 25 cm. long, deciduous, brown or nearly black, dull. Reko States that the following names are applied in Oaxaca: “ Ocote blanco,” “ pino de Montezuma,” “yutnusatnu” (Mixtec). The following names are said to be applied in various regions: “ Ocote,” “ ocotl,” “pino real,” “ pino blanco,” “ocote hembro,” “ ocote macho,” 18. Pinus hartwegii’ Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 62. 1889. Pinus rudis Endl. Syn, Conif. 151. 1847. Pinus ehrenbergii Endl. Syn, Conif, 151, 1847. *Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812-1871) was born at Karlsruhe, Germany. In 1836 he was sent by the Horticultural Society of London to Mexico to collect living plants and seeds for introduction into England. He reached Veracruz in December, 1836, and made collections about Santa Fé and Zacuapan, Later he visited Guanajuato, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Hidalgo, and San Luis Potosf. In 1888 he spent two months at Morelia, and in 1839 he botanized in Oaxaca. Later he visited California, Guatemala, and the Andes of South America, His collections, which included many new species, were described by Bentham in a work entitled “ Plantae Hartwegianae” (1839-42). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 57 Durango to Nuevo Leén and Chiapas, growing on the mountains up to timber line; type from mountains of Campanario, at 2,700 meters. Tree, 13 to 45 meters high; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long, glaucous; young cones blue or sooty black, the mature ones 6 to 12 em. long, brown or nearly black, dull or lustrous, ‘“ Ocote” (Chiapas). 19. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; P. Laws. Agr. Man. 354. 1886. Pinus macrophylla Engelm. in Wisliz, Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848. Pinus jeffreyi Murray, Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2. pl. 1. 1853. Pinus engelmanni Carr. Rev. Hort. 227. 1854. In the mountains at middle elevations, Chihuahua to Durango and Baja California. Widely distributed in the western United States and Canada; type from Washington. , Large tree, sometimes 70 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 2.4 meters, but usually smaller, the trunk tall and naked, the bark pale reddish brown, broken into large plates; leaves 7.5 to 40 cm. long, yellowish green; cones 6 to 19 cm. long, early deciduous, reddish brown, lustrous; wood hard and strong but brittle, close-grained, pale and reddish brown or yellow, very resinous, its specific gravity 0.48 to 0.52. “Pino real” (Durango); “pinabete” (New Mexico). The western yellow pine is an important source of lumber in northern Mexico and the southern Rocky Mountains. The wood is used for railroad ties, fenc- ing, and all kinds of construction purposes. 20. Pinus arizonica Engelm.; Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid, 6: 260. 1878. Mountains of Chihuahua and Nuevo Leén. Southern Arizona (type from the Santa Rita Mountains) and New Mexico. Tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter; branches stout, spreading; bark reddish brown, broken into large irregular plates; leaves dark green; wood soft, weak, rather brittle, close-grained, light red or yellowish, very resinous, its specific gravity about 0.50. An important source of lumber in the mountains of northern Mexico. 21. Pinus pringlei Shaw; Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 211, 1905. Michoacan, Guerrero, and Morelos, at subtropical levels; type from Uruapan, Michoacan. . Large tree with long sinuous branches; leaves 15 to 25 em. long, bright green; cones 5 to 10 cm. long, pendent or spreading, ocher-yellow, lustrous. 22. Pinus coulteri' Lambert; Don, Trans. Linn, Soc. Bot. 17: 440. 1837. On mountain tops, Baja California, California; type from Santa Lucia Mountains. Tree, sometimes 21 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter; bark dark brown or nearly black, deeply fissured; leaves 15 to 35 cm. long, dark bluish green; cones 25 to 85 cm. long, 10 to 13 cm. thick, pendent, light yellowish brown; wood soft, weak, brittle, coarse-grained, light red, resinous, its specific gravity about 0.41, 1Thomas Coulter (1793-1843) came to Mexico in 1825 as physician for a mining company in Hidalgo. He remained there for a number of years and made collections of plants. From 1831 to 1833 he explored Alta California (now chiefly included in the State of California) and later Sonora, being the first collector who forwarded to Europe collections from the latter region. His collections were sent to Trinity College, Dublin, from which institution they were distributed to various herbaria. A few of his plants are in the U. S. National Herbarium. 58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 23. Pinus oocarpa Schiede, Linnaea 12: 491. 1838. Sinaloa to Zacatecas and Chiapas; type collected between Ario and Volean de Jorullo, Michoacin. Guatemala. Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, with round compact head and stout branches; leaves 18 to 28 cm. long, bright green; cones 4 to 8 or sometimes 10 cm. long, persistent, pendent or spreading, ocher-yellow, often tinged with gray or green. “Ocote” (Oaxaca); “pino real” (Tepic); said to be known also as “ ocote macho.” Pinus oocarpa microphylla Shaw’ is a form from Sinaloa and Tepec with leaves only 8 to 13 cm. long, 24, Pinus greggii® Engelm.; Parl. in DC. Prodr. 167: 396. 1868. ‘Mountains of Coahuila; type collected near Saltillo. Tree, 10 to 15 meters high, with smooth gray bark when young; leaves bright green, erect; cones reflexed, ocher-yellow, lustrous. 25 Pinus patula Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 354. 1831. Querétaro to Veracruz and Puebla; type collected between Lerma and Toluca, Mexico. Tree, 12 to 25 meters high, with long slender branches, the upper part of the trunk red; leaves 15 to 30 em. long, slender, drooping; cones 6 to 9 cm. long, reflexed, persistent, dark brown. 26. Pinus contorta Dougl.; Loud. Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. 1880. San Pedro MAartir Mountains of Baja California, at an altitude of about 2,400 meters. Northward to Alaska. In the Mexican locality 22 to 30 meters high or larger, with straight trunk and narrow tapering crown; bark very thin, smooth, orange-brown; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, stiff, yellowish green; cones 5 to 6 cm. long, ocher-brown, lustrous; wood soft, weak, close-grained, light yellow or whitish, with little resin, its specific gravity about 0.41. 2. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr, Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256. 1867. REFERENCES: Britton, N. Amer. Trees 69-73. f. 55, 56. 1908; Sudworth, For. Trees Pacif. Slope 99-106. f. 36, 37. 1908. Trees with linear leaves 2 to 8 cm. long; cones ovoid-oblong, drooping, the bracts lobed, exserted beyond the rounded cone scales. Cones 5 to 10 cm. long; bracts of the cones much exserted____1. P. mucronata. Cones 10 to 17 cm. long; bracts only slightly exserted________ 2. P, macrocarpa. 1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895. Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ, 120. 1832. Abies douglasii Lindl. Penny Cycl. 1: 32. 18383. Pseudotsuga douglasit Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256, 1867, Mountains, at high altitudes, Chihuahua and Sonora to Hidalgo. Northward to southern Canada; type from the mouth of the Columbia River, 1Pines Mex. 27. 1909. * Little is known concerning Josiah Gregg, who was a trader under the patronage of Thomas G. Rockhill, a Philadelphia merchant. He published in 1844 “The Commerce of the Prairies,” in which he tells of his travels in the West, and of his residence of nearly nine years in northern Mexico. He made botanical collections in Mexico, and his specimens are chiefly in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. He is believed to have died in California in 1850. The genus Greggia, of the family Brassicaceae, was named in his honor by Gray. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 59 Tree, in Oregon and Washington sometimes reaching a height of 90 meters, with a trunk diameter of 4.5 meters, but usually smaller; bark thick, deeply fissured; cones purplish at first, yellowish brown when mature; wood hard, light red and coarse-grained or yellowish brown and fine-grained, the specific gravity about 0.51. “Hallarin” (Coahuila); “abeto,” “pino de corcho” (Hidalgo) ; “ pinabete,” ‘“ cahuite,” or ‘“acahuite” (Durango); ‘pino real” (New Mexico). This tree (known in the United States as Douglas fir) is of the greatest commercial importance in the United States, especially on the Pacific coast, as well as in those portions of Mexico where it is abundant. It furnishes the largest saw timber of any of the North American trees, if not of any trees in the world. The wood is used for all kinds of construction purposes, especially those which require large timbers, such as shipbuilding. It is used also for railroad ties. Large quantities of the lumber are exported from the United States. The bark is sometimes employed for tanning leather. The smaller roots are very uniform in diameter for a length of 2 to 3 meters and have been a favorite material of the California Indians for the manufacture of baskets. It is said that in the same State a decoction of the green leaves has been used by both Indians and white people as a beverage in place of coffee; and a decoc- tion of the spring buds has been employed as a remedy for venereal diseases. ~ 2. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, Wald. Nordam, 278. 1890. Abies douglasii macrocarpa Torr. in Ives, Rep. Colo. Riv. 28. 1861, San Pedro Martir Mountains, Baja California, at altitudes of 1,500 to 2,100 meters. Southern California, the type from San Diego County. Similar to preceding species except for the larger cones; tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.2 meters; wood hard, strong, close- grained, brown, durable, the specific gravity about 0.45. 3. ABIES Hill, Brit. Herb. 509. 1756. Large conical trees with linear sessile leaves 2 to 6 cm. long; flowers monoe- cious; cones cylindric or ovoid, the thin scales falling away from the axis at maturity, . Leaves green and sulcate on the upper surface, slender__---_--~- 1. A. religiosa. Leaves glaucous and carinate on the upper surface, stout_______ 2. A. concolor. 1. Abies religiosa (H. B. K.) Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 77. 1830. Pinus religiosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 5. 1817. Abies hirtella Lindl. Penny Cycl. 1: 31. 1833. In the mountains, up to 3,600 meters, San Luis Potosi to Jalisco and south- ward; type collected between Mazatlin and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Guate- mala, Large tree, sometimes 45 meters high (on Orizaba said to be as much as 60 meters high and 6 meters in circumference), occurring mostly at altitudes of 1,200 to 3,450 meters; branchlets hirtellous or glabrate; leaves mostly 2 to 3 cm. long; cones 6 to 15 cm. long. “Abeto” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca) ; “aexoyatl” (Valley of Mexico, Nahuatl); “bansad” (Otomi); “ jalocote ” (Valley of Mexico); “oyamel” or “oyametl” (Valley of Mexico, Durango, Oaxaca, Nahuatl) ; “ huallame” (Coahuila) ; “ pinabete” (Durango and else- where); “guayame” (Nuevo Leén, Gonzdlez); “ cipreso” (Guatemala) ; known also in various localities as “pino,” “pino oyamel,” or “ xalécotl” (Nahuatl). This fir tree furnishes considerable lumber which is used for various con- struction purposes, as well as for making paper. The trees are tapped in winter 126651—20—_5 60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. for the oleoresin which they yield abundantly. This, known as “aceite de palo” or “aceite de abeto,” is used in medicine for its balsamic properties, and as an ingredient of paints. The specific name “religiosa” was applied to the tree because of the fact that its branches are often used as decorations in churches, 2. Abies concolor Lindl, Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 210. 1850. San Pedro Martir Mountains of Baja California, at altitudes of 2,250 meters or more. New Mexico (type locality) to California and Oregon. Large tree, sometimes attaining a height of 75 meters and a trunk diameter of 2 meters, but usually smaller; bark very thick, reddish brown or light gray, deeply furrowed; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long; cones 7 to 15 em. long, green or purplish; wood very soft, of medium strength, coarse-grained, inodorous, its specific gravity about 0.36. The balsam fir is valuable for lumber when it occurs in sufficient abundance. 4, TAXODIUM L. Rich. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16: 298. 1810. Only 2 other species are known, natives of the southeastern United States. 1. Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 19: 855. 1853. Taxodium montezumae Decaisne, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1: 71. 1854. Tarodium mexicanum Carr. Trait. Conif. 147. 1855, Sinaloa to Coahuila and southward, chiefly in wet soil; often planted as a shade tree. Guatemala. Large tree, 20 to 30 meters high; trunk straight, enlarged near the base, covered with brownish red, rather smooth but shredded bark; roots of trees growing in water often sending up conical projections or “knees;” leaves (and many of the young branches) deciduous, 6 to 12 mm. long; staminate flowers in long slender spikes; cones subglobose, 1.5 to 2.5 em. in diameter. “The Nahuatl name is “ ahuehuetl,” in modern Mexican “ ahuehuete ”: the Tarascan name is “pentamu” or “pentamén;” “ciprés” (Tamaulipas) ; “cipreso” (Chiapas); “sabino” (Durango, San Luis Potosf, Oaxaca, and in other states); “ciprés de Montezuma” (Oaxaca, Valley of Mexico) ; “tnuyucu ” or “ yucu-ndatura” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); “ yaga-chichicino ” or “yaga-guichi xifla” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko). This bald cypress is one of the best-known trees of Mexico, being noted especially for its size. The largest individual reported is the famous tree at Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, near the city of Oaxaca, which has a height of 38.6 meters and a trunk circumference of 51.8 meters; the greatest diameter of its trunk is 12 meters, and the spread of its branches about 42 meters. The Cypress of Montezuma, in the gardens of Chapultepec, has a height of 51 meters and a trunk circumference of 15 meters. It was a noted tree four centuries ago, and has been estimated to be about 700 years old. Other trees have been estimated to have attained a much greater age. A third famous tree is the “Arbol de la Noche Triste,” in the village of Popatela, near the City of Mexico, which is noted for its association with Cortés. The wood is soft and rather weak, light or dark brown or yellowish, and is often obtained in very large planks. It is susceptible of a good polish and is used in Mexico for fine furniture, as well as for general construction. The tree furnishes an acrid resin which was used in pre-Conquest times for the cure of wounds, ulcers, cutaneous diseases, toothache, gout, etc., and which is still used extensively in popular practice. The bark is employed as an emmena- *M. O. Reyes. El gigante de la flora Mexicana 6 sea el sabino de Santa Maria del Tule del Estado de Oaxaca. Naturaleza 6: 110-114. pl. 6. 1884. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 61 gogue and diuretie, and the leaves are applied as a resolutive and as a cure for itch. Chips of the wood are placed in an excavation in the ground, covered with earth, and fired, and as a result there is obtained a kind of pitch which is used commonly as a cure for bronchitis and other chest affections; 5. JUNIPERUS L. Sp. Pl. 1038. 1753. Trees or shrubs with small scalelike leaves, these opposite or verticillate ; fruit a small globose cone, often berry-like. . Cedar wood is of much economic importance, being useful for many purposes, one of the most common of which is the manufacture of lead pencils. The bark is rich in tannin and is used for tanning leather. The volatile oil obtained from the fruit of some species is aromatic, stimulant, and diuretic. Spirits distilled with the berries of common juniper (J. communis L., of North America, Europe, and Asia) constitutes the gin of commerce. The leaves, or their decoction, of J. sabina L. (of Europe) and J. virginiana L. (of the United States) have been used as a teniafuge and abortifacient, although their use is dangerous. The trees are very commonly planted for ornamental purposes. Reko gives the Mixtec name (in Oaxaca) as “ yutnu-itne.” Leaves of the branchlets ternate, obtuse. Fruit 1.2 to 1.8 cm. in diameter, 1 or 2-seeded_______________-- 1. J. californica. Leaves of the branchlets opposite. Bark checkered. Leaves obtuse; fruit dry, usually 4-seeded. 2. J. pachyphloea. Bark shredded. Fruit brownish, dry, fibrous, with 4 or more seeds; leaves very acute. 3. J. flaccida. Fruit blue, fleshy, resinous, with 1 or sometimes 2 seeds; leaves obtuse. 4. J. mexicana. 1, Juniperus californica Carr. Rev. Hort. 1854: 352. 1854. Juniperus cerrosianus Kellogg, Proc. Calif, Acad. 2: 37. 1863. Baja California, at altitudes of 150 to 1,000 meters, California (type locality). Usually a shrub but sometimes a tree 12 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 60 cm.; bark thin, peeling off in long gray shreds, the inner bark reddish brown; fruit reddish brown, maturing the second year; wood soft, close- grained, light reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.68. ‘“‘Cedro” (Baja California). The wood is very durable and is used for fencing and for fuel. The Indians employed the fruit, either fresh or dried, ground and made into cakes, for food. 2. Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss, Pacif. 4: 142. 1857. Low dry hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora to Zacatecas and Puebla. Arizona to western Texas; type from New Mexico. Shrub or tree, sometimes 18 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.8 meters ; trunk usually short, covered with thick, reddish brown bark, this divided into coarse 4-sided plates; fruit about 1.2 cm. in diameter, with dry sweet flesh; wood soft, weak, brittle, close-grained, light red, with a specific gravity of about 0.58. “Tascate” (Chihuahua, Durango). The bark is very different from that of any other species. The fruit is often used as food. Palmer reports that in Chihuahua the plant (presumably the leaves) is used as a remedy for rheumatism and neuralgia. Because of its 1Tomfis Noriega. El Ahuehuete. Naturaleza 4: 35-40. 1877. 62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. rough checkered bark, this species is known in the United-States as alligator juniper. 3. Juniperus flaccida Schlecht, Linnaea 12: 495. 1888. Chihuahua and Sonora, southward; type from Atotonilco El Chico. Guate- mala; western Texas. Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with slender, spreading or drooping branches; fruit subglobose, reddish brown, 1.2 to 1.6 cm. in diameter, with dry flesh. ‘“Cedro colorado” (Veracruz) ; “cedro” (Durango). 4. Juniperus mexicana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 909. 1826. Cupressus sabinoides H. B. K. Nov, Gen. & Sp. 2: 3. 1817. Not Juniperus sabinoides Griseb. 1844. Juniperus tetragona Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 495, 18388. Juniperus deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed, 2. 835. 1840. Nearly throughout Mexico, except along the northern part of the Pacific coast. Guatemala; western Texas. Shrub or tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk diameter of a meter or more; in Mexico sometimes ascending to an altitude of 4,500 meters, and then a low shrub; trunk short or tall, the thin bark separating into fibrous, reddish brown scales; twigs 4-sided; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, dark blue,- glaucous, with thin sweet resinous flesh; wood hard, weak, close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.59. “ Sabino” (Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Mex- ico, ete.); “enebro” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tascate” or “taxate” (Durango, Chihuahua). The wood is used for general construction, fence posts, telegraph poles, rail- road ties, etc., and for fuel. Palmer states that the ashes of the bark are used in the preparation of corn for tortillas. Some of the specimens placed here may be referable to J. monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg., but in the herbarium material examined it is impossible to distinguish more than a single species. 6. CUPRESSUS L. Sp. Pl. 1002. 1753. Tree or shrubs, closely resembling the species of Juniperus, but with larger cones, these opening when ripe and shedding the seeds; leaves opposite, small and scalelike, The species of cypress are often cultivated for ornament. C. sempervirens L., of the Old World, is said to be cultivated in Mexico. Seeds not winged, 2 or 3 to each scale; leaves not appressed. Cones about 2.5 em. in diameter_ _ _- - --- .-_1. C. thurifera. “Seeds narrowly winged, 5 to.8 to each scale; leaves appressed. Cones 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in diameter_______--_-------------- 2. C. guadalupensis. Cones 1.2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter. Branchlets stout, stiff; leaves glaucous______-------~---- 3. C. arizonica. Branchlets slender; leaves green___._---------_--------- 4, C. benthamii. 1. Cupressus thurifera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 3. 1817. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Tasco and Tehuilotepec, at 1,750 meters. Shrub or large tree. “Cedro” (Veracruz) ; “ cedro de la sierra” (Durango, Veracruz, ete.) ; “ciprés” (Veracruz); “cedro amarillo,” “ gretado amarillo” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “tlatzein” (Herrera). 2. Cupressus guadalupensis S. Wats. Proc, Amer. Acad, 14: 300. 1879. Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Widely spreading tree, averaging about 12 meters in height, but sometimes larger and with a trunk 7.5 meters in circumference; bark brown, curling into thin plates; wood whitish. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 63 One tree measured by Palmer had a trunk 2 meters in circumference, with 236 annual rings. 3. Cupressus arizonica Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 64. 1882. Coahuila to San Luis Potosf, Zacatecas, and Baja California. Arizona (type locality) and New Mexico. Shrub or tree, sometimes 21 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.2 meters ; old bark thin, dark red or brown, separating into long shreds; cones reddish brown, glaucous; wood soft, close-grained, grayish, streaked with yellow, its specific gravity about 0.48. “Cedro,” “cedro de la sierra,” “ pinabete” (Du- rango). The wood is used for fuel and for general construction purposes. 4, Cupressus benthamii’* Endl. Syn. Conif. 59, 1847. 2 Cupressus coulteri J. Forbes, Pinet. Woburn. 190. 1839. Cupressus lindleyi Klotzsch ; Endl. Syn. Conif. 59. 1847. Cupressus ehrenbergit Kunze, Linnaea 20: 16. 1847, Cupressus karwinskiana Regel, Gartenflora 1857: 346. 1857. Cupressus knightiana Perry; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 61. 1858. Tepic to Veracruz and southward; ascending to 3,000 meters; type from Banco. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Tree, often 18 to 30 meters high. “ Cedro blanco” (Oaxaca, etc.) ; “ ciprés” (Veracruz) ; “cedro” (Jalisco) ; “ciprés de México” (Veracruz, etc.) ; “ gre tado galin” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tlascal,” “tlascale’ (Veracruz Michoacan, Mexico, etc.) ; “ tlazzcfiin” (Guerrero, Hidalgo, Veracruz) ; “teatlale” (various localities, Ramirez). The wood is undoubtedly of importance for lumber, although no details con cerning it are available. The bark is said to be used in medicine as an astringent. 7%. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. Syn. Conif. 42. 1847. 1. Libocedrus decurrens Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 7. pl. 3. 1854. Mountains of Baja California, at altitudes of 2,100 to 2,400 meters. Califor- nia and Oregon; type from the Sacramento River. Tree, sometimes 45 meters high, with irregularly furrowed, reddish brown bark; leaves in whorls of 4, scalelike, decurrent; cones oblong, 1.8 to 2.5 cm. long, reddish brown; wood soft, weak, close-grained, light reddish brown, the specific gravity about 0.40. Known in the United States as incense cedar, a name applied because of the fact that all parts of the tree contain a volatile oil with a characteristic incense-like odor. The wood is very durable and is used for general construc- tion, laths, shingles, interior finish, ete. The bark is rich in tannin. 6. GNETACEAE. Joint-fir Family. 1. EPHEDRA L. Sp. PI. 1040. 1753. Shrubs, erect or rarely subscandent or trailing over other shrubs; stems slender, jointed; leaves reduced to opposite or verticillate scales; flowers dioecious, the staminate in short aments, the fertile inflorescence conelike ; fruit nutlike, angled, sometimes fleshy. 1 Named in honor of George Bentham (1800-1884), one of the most noted of British botanists. He was the author of many important botanical works, one of which was a report upon the Mexican collections obtained by Hartweg. 64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. In their general appearance these leafless plants are very unlike any others found in North America. The stems have an astringent taste and contain tannin, but they are much eaten by stock. A decoction of the stems is used widely as a cure for venereal and renal diseases, H, distachya L., of the Mediterranean Region, contains an alkaloid, ephedrine, which produces paralysis of the heart. Leaf scales ternate. Leaf scales 8 to 10 mm. long, the apex aristate__._... | 1. E. trifurca. Leaf scales 5 mm. long or shorter, acute__-------- 2. E. californica. Leaf scales opposite. Stems very scabrous --------- 3. E. aspera. Stems smooth. Fruit not fleshy ; stems yellowish green, stiff, erect__.4. E, antisyphilitica, Fruit fleshy; stems glaucous or glaueescent. Stems erect, with short stiff branches; fruit sessile or nearly so, ; 5. E. compacta. Stems reclining, slender, flexuous; fruit conspicuously pedunculate. 6. E. pedunculata. 1. Ephedra trifurca Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848. Dry mesas and hillsides, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California. Western Texas to Utah; type from New Meixco. About a meter high, with numerous erect branches, “ Popotillo” (Chi- huahua, Texas, New Mexico) ; “ tepopote ” (Chihuahua, Texas). 2. Ephedra californica S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 14: 300. 1879. Dry plains and low mountain slopes, Baja California. Southern California ; type from San Diego County. Erect shrub. 3. Ephedra aspera Engelm.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 157. 1883. Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Baja California; type from mountains near Saltillo, Coahuila. Erect shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high. “ Pitamoreal” (Coahuila) ; “ tepopote,” “cafiatilla,” “ popotillo” (Durango) ; “ itamo real” (Coahuila) ; “ hintimoreal ” (Coahuila, Palmer). Used for the same purposes as the other species. Palmer states, also, that the plant is sometimes sold in the markets as a remedy for pneumonia. 4. Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer, Monogr. Ephedra 101. 1846. In dry soil at low altitudes, Coahuila (type locality) ; doubtless also in Chi- huahua. Western Texas to Colorado. Shrub, a meter high or lower. “ Cafiatilla ” (Chihuahua, Texas, New Mex- ico) ; “ tepopote”” (Chihuahua, Texas) ; “ popotillo ” (New Mexico). 5. Ephedra compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 261. 1909. Dry plains and hillsides, Puebla and Oaxaca ; type from Tehuacan, Puebla. Shrub, 30 to 50 cm. high, very densely branched, pale green; fruit red and fleshy. 6. Ephedra pedunculata Engelm.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 157. 1883. Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf and Zacatecas, Western Texas, the type from Uvalde. Slender shrub with long reclining stems; fruit fleshy, red or salmon-colored. “ Cafiatilla,” “ tepopote,” “ popotillo ” (Durango) ; itamo real” (Zacatecas, San Luis Potosf) ; “ retama real” (Durango, Palmer) ; “ sanguinaria ” (the stems, San Luis Potosi, Safford). Besides its other uses, Palmer states that in Zacatecas the plant is esteemed as a remedy for pleurisy and pneumonia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 65 7. POACEAE. Grass Family. (Contributed by Prof. A. 8. Hitchcock.) REFERENCE: Hitchcock, Mexican grasses in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 181-889. 1913. Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees; leaves usually long and narrow, but in the woody species usually lanceolate or elliptic, often petiolate; flowers small, greenish, or purplish, arranged in small spikelets, the spikelets in narrow or open panicles; fruit a caryopsis or grain. Most of the woody grasses belong to the tribe Bamboseae, usually known in English-speaking countries as bamboos. In tropical America there are few grasses, aside from bamboos, that have woody stems, and nearly all of these belong to the genus Lasiacis of the tribe Paniceae. It is impracticable to draw a sharp distinction between woody and herba- ceous grasses. In the following account only those species have been included which possess culms that persist from year to year. Some excluded species have woody crowns or have the base of the culms woody; others, such as the sugar cane and reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), have large firm culms that appear woody during the season of growth, but do not persist. Leaves many times longer than broad; panicle a large terminal plume; spikelets 2 to several-flowered, more or less silky. Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate long-silky, the staminate glabrous; plants dioecious__________________-- e+ - ------- 1. GYNERIUM. Spikelets perfect, the lemmas silky _--------------~---------- 2. ARUNDO. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, usually not more than 20 em, long; panicles narrow or open but scarcely a large plume; spikelets 1 to several-flowered. Spikelets unisexual; pistillate spikelets borne on the upper branches and on the ends of the lower branches of a loose terminal panicle, the smaller staminate spikelets pedicellate along the lower branches; leaves asym- metrically lanceolate-oblong, the larger 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide. 3. OLYRA. Spikelets perfect (often with sterile florets above or below) ; leaves usually less than 5 cm. wide. Spikelets globose or ovoid, obtuse, with one perfect terminal floret and a sterile floret below; blades sessile_.__--_------------- 4, LASIACIS, Spikelets 1 to several-flowered, the florets acute or acuminate; blades usually contracted into a short petiole and jointed with the sheath. (BAMBOOS. ) Stamens 6. Spikelets several-flowered_____.-------------- 5. BAMBOS. Stamens 3. Spikelets 1-flowered Woe eee _-------- 6. CHUSQUEA. Spikelets 2 to many-flowered. Glumes 1 or 2; sterile lemmas none; spikelets loose, many-flowered, elongate, paniculate or racemose_——-—.----- 7 ARUNDINARIA. Glumes 2; sterile lemmas 1 or 2; spikelets in racemes or 1-sided spikes, these arranged in tufts at the culm nodes. 8. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM. 1. GYNERIUM Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 112. pl. 115. 1809. 1. Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost, 138. pl. 24. f. 6. 1812. Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 50. 1775. Gynerium saccharoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 112. pl, 115. 1809. River banks and low ground, forming dense colonies, Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies to South America, the type from French Guiana. 66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stout reed, often 10 meters tall, with culms clothed below with old sheaths (the blades having fallen), sharply serrulate blades, commonly 2 meters long and 4 to 6 cm. wide (forming a great fan-shaped summit to the sterile culms), and pale, plumy, densely flowered panicles 1 meter long or more, the main axis erect, the branches drooping. “ Cafia brava” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “ cafia de casa” (Guatemala); ‘“cafia boba,” “suza ” (Colombia) ; “ cafia de Castilla ” (El Salvador, Cuba). 2. ARUNDO L. Sp. Pl. 81, 1753. 1. Arundo donax L. Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. Along rivers and ditches throughout Mexico. Warmer parts of the Old World; cultivated in America for ornament and occurring from Texas to California and southward to South America as an escape. A tall reed with strong, sparingly branching culms, elongate scabrous-mar- gined flat blades, and densely flowered, slightly drooping panicles 30 to 60 cm. long, the spikelets about 1 cm. long. “ Carrizo” (Durango, ete.); “ cafia hueca,” “caflaveral” (Ramirez); “ carricillo (Tamaulipas) ; “ giifn”’ (Cuba). Tender stems eaten by animals; canes used for fishing rods, arrows, and flutes, : 3. OLYRA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759. 1. Olyra latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759. Copses and shady banks, San Luis Potosf to Michoacin and southward. Mexico and West Indies to South America, the type from Jamaica. Glabrous perennial, bamboo-like in aspect, commonly 5 meters tall, the strong hollow culms sometimes 1 em. thick, erect and unsupported, the summit only arching (or weaker culms leaning among brush), the lower half to two- thirds simple and naked, the short sheaths bladeless or nearly so, the elongate internodes blotched with dull purple, branching from the upper nodes, the branches commonly fascicled, divaricate, often 1 meter long, sometimes again branching; blades convolute in the bud, spreading, flat, firm, asymmetrically lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, commonly 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, those of the ultimate branches smaller, the lowermost on both primary culm _ and branches rudimentary ; panicles 10 to 15 em. long, about two-thirds as wide, those of the secondary branches reduced, the branches stiffly ascending or spreading, each bearing a single large long-acuminate pistillate spikelet at the thickened summit and several small slender-pediceled staminate spikelets along the rachis. ‘“ Tibisf” (Cuba). 4. LASIACIS -Griseb.) Hitche. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16. 1910. The clambering species are known in Cuba as “ tibisf.” Main stem prostrate, the fertile shoots prostrate, ascending, or erect. Blades lanceolate, mostly less than 5 cm. long; fertile shoots strongly dorsi- ventral, mostly prostrate____..-____-_____ 1. L. rugelii. Blades linear-lanceolate, about 10 to 12 em. long; fertile shoots ascending or erect from a decumbent base, not dorsiventral_________ 2. L. grisebachii. Main stem clambering, or much branched and forming a tangled mass. Ligule noticeable, brownish, about 2 mm. long. Blades scabrous on both surfaces, elongate, more than 10 times as long as wide; plants not form- ing a strong central clambering cane_______________ 3. L. oaxacensis. Ligule inconspicuous, hidden within the mouth of the sheath, rarely as much as 1 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 67 Culms not high-climbing, decumbent and rooting at base, forming a tangled mass, with no strong central cane; spikelets clustered toward the ends of the branches___________-_--_------------------- 4, L. rhizophora. Culms high-climbing, forming a strong central cane; spikelets not clustered toward the ends of the branches. Blades glabrous on both surfaces, often more or less scabrous (see L. ruscifolia, rarely with glabrous ovate-lanceolate blades). Panicle few-flowered, 5 to 10 cm. long; branches strongly zigzag, the branchlets strongly divaricate or reflexed ; blades narrowly lanceo- late, firm, mostly less than 1 em. wide (sometimes wider on vigor- ous shoots) _-__--_---------------------------- 5. L. divaricata. Panicle many-flowered, usually 15 to 25 cm. long or more on the primary branches; branches straight or arcuate, not zigzag; blades mostly over 1.5 cm. wide. Spikelets globose, about 3 mm, long_---- _-- 6. L. globosa. Spikelets lanceolate-ellipsoidal, 3.5 to 5 mm. long__---- 7. L. sloanei. Blades pubescent on one or both surfaces (sometimes glabrous in L, ruscifolia). Blades narrowly lanceolate, averaging 8 to 10 times as long as wide; panicle large and open; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long. 8. L. sorghoidea, Blades ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, often more or less cordate-clasping; panicle often compact or at least the branches commonly compactly flowered; spikelets 8 to 4 mm, long. 9. L. ruscifolia. 1. Lasiacis rugelii (Griseb.) Hitche, Bot. Gaz. 51: 302. 1911. Panicum rugelii Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. Rich woods, San Luis Potosf and Yucatéin. Cuba (the type locality ). Prostrate, the main canes slender; branches commonly fascicled, very leafy, the pubescent sheaths overlapping, the small, lanceolate, firm, puberulent, somewhat cinereous blades oblique at base; panicles short-exserted, few- flowered. 2. Lasiacis grisebachii* (Nash) Hitche. Bot. Gaz. 51: 302, 1911. Panicum grisebachii Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 301. 1908. Rich woods and shady banks, carpeting the floor of dark thickets, Veracruz. Honduras; Cuba (type locality). Stems more slender, freely producing rootlets, the long narrow blades not crowded; panicle branches’ ascending. 3. Lasiacis oaxacensis (Steud.) Hitche. Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145. 1911. Panicum oaxacense Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 73. 1854. Edges of woods, Veracruz, Michoacfin, and Oaxaca (type locality). Guate- mala and Jamaica to South America. Slender, straggling, decumbent and geniculate at base, with numerous aerial rootlets, the long branches ascending and arcuate, with narrow scabrous blades commonly 20 ém. long, and large open few-flowered panicles, the spikelets borne at the ends of the branchlets. 1 Heinrich Rudolph August Grisebach (1814-1879), a native of Hanover, pub- lished in 1864 a “ Flora of the British West Indies,” one of the most important works upon the plants of tropical North America. He is known, too, for his “ Vegetation der Erde,” published in 1872, a classic work upon plant geography, and for numerous other botanical publications, 68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Lasiacis rhizophora ( Fourn.) Hitche, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145, 1911. Panicum rhizophorum Fourn. Mex, Pl. 2: 31. 1886. Copses and edges of woods, Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Culms branching and straggling, not forming a strong central cane, decum- bent at base and rooting at the lower nodes, the fertile culms ascending, 30 to 100 cm. long; blades 7 to 14 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide; panicles 8 to 15 em. long. , 5. Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16, 1910. Panicum divaricatum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 871, 1759. Copses and edges of woods, chiefly at low altitudes and especially in the vicinity of the seacoast, Baja California to Veracruz and southward, South- ern Florida and the West Indies to South America, the type from Jamaica. Shrubby, with strong central canes, Clambering to a height of 3 or 4 meters, the main branches often fascicled, the vigorous secondary foliage shoots mostly strongly divaricate or zigzag, usually glabrous throughout except on the margin of the sheaths; blades commonly less than 1 cm, wide, only on vigorous shoots as much as 1.5 em. wide; panicles usually less than 10 em. long, the branches deflexed at maturity. “ Pito de bejuco” (Cuba). 6. Lasiacis globosa Hitche, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 251. 1913. Copses near the sea, Guerrero; type from Acapulco. Panama. Blades smooth, elliptic-lanceolate; panicle loosely flowered, 8 to 12 em. long, the spikelets globose, 3 mm, long. 7. Lasiacis sloanei (Griseb.) Hitche. Bot. Gaz. 57: 302. 1911. Panicum sloanei Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864, Climbing among bushes and small trees, San Luis Potos{ and Veracruz. West Indies and Mexico, south to Colombia, the type from Jamaica. Climbing to the height of 3 to 4 meters, forming a strong central cane; branches solitary or 2 or 3 together, elongate; blades parchment-like in texture at maturity, commonly 12 to 15 em. long and 2 to 3 cm. wide, narrowed into a very short pubescent petiole; panicles commonly as much as 20 ecm. long, nearly as wide, the branches rather rigid. The spikelets are larger in this species than in any other of the genus in the region. 8. Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desv.) Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 338. 1917. Panicum lanatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788. Not P. lanatum Rottb, 1776. Panicum sorghoideum Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 10. 1825, Ravines, wood borders, and hedges, San Luis Potosf and Jalisco, southward. West Indies and Mexico to Argentina, the type from Hispaniola. Erect or clambering to a height of 5 to 7 meters, with a strong central cane as much as 1 cm. thick, the main branches 1 meter long or more, arcuate, bearing slender branchlets toward the pendent ends; sheaths and both surfaces of the blades velvety, or the sheaths glabrescent, the blades of the main branches commonly 20 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, those of the branchlets much smaller, often less velvety; panicles usually about 10 to 20 cm, long, at maturity as wide or wider, the spikelets more or less clustered on the long distant branches, 9. Lasiacis ruscifolia (H. B. K.) Hitche. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145, 1911. Panicum ruscifolium H. B. K, Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 101. 1816, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 69 Panicum compactum Swartz, Adnot. Bot, 14, 1829. Not P. compactum Kit. 1814. , Panicum liebmannianum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 33. 1886. Climbing over bushes, Sonora to Veracruz and southward; type from the Volein Jorullo. Mexico and the West Indies to Venezuela. More robust than any other species, freely branching,.«with numerous leafy dorsiventral shoots with broad blades, these velvety or glabrous beneath, glabrous or scabrous above, the sheaths glabrous or nearly so, the scarcely ex- serted, oblong or club-shaped panicles usually compactly flowered. 5. BAMBOS Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 24. 1789. Robust arboreous grasses with culms several centimeters in diameter and rising to the height of 10 to 20 meters. Branches spiny____-_---------------------------------------- 1. B. aculeata. Branches unarmed___-------------------------- --- 2. B. vulgaris. 1. Bambos aculeata (Rupr.) Hitche. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 387. 1913. Guadua aculeata Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 130. 1886. Veracruz, the type from Colipa. 2. Bambos vulgaris Schrad.; Wendl. Coll. Pl. 2: 26. pl. 47. 1810. Commonly cultivated in tropical America; native of the Old World. Arborescent, freely branching; flowering branches fascicled, elongate, leafless, the sessile spikelets radiate in clusters. “Cafia brava” (Cuba). The common bamboo of cultivation. 6. CHUSQUEA Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 254. 1822. Branchlets pubescent; base of sheath tumid__--_--------------- 1. C. nelsoni. Branchlets glabrous; base of sheath not tumid____-__--------- 2. C. bilimeki. 1. Chusquea nelsoni Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 16. 1897. Only known from the type, which was collected between Chilapa and Tuxtla, Guerrero. 2. Chusquea bilimeki* Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 132. 1886. Only known from the type locality, in the Valley of Mexico.: Described as having.a culm a centimeter in diameter. 7%, ARUNDINARIA Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 73. 1803. Blades 2 mm. wide; lemmas 1 to 1.5 mm, wide__-_--------_- 1. A, acuminata. Blades 5 to 8 mm. wide; lemmas 2 mm. wide___------------- 2. A. longifolia. 1. Arundinaria acuminata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 25. 1868. Veracruz, the type locality. Panicles diffuse, the spikelets narrow, acuminate, the lemmas awned. 2, Arundinaria longifolia Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 131. 1886. Durango, Tepic, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Jicalte- pec, Veracruz. Panicles less diffuse than in the preceding, the spikelets wider; blades long and narrow, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide; culms as much as 4 cm. thick. *Named for Bilimek, who was chief gardener of the Emperor Maximilian. He made a small collection of plants, some of which are in the U. 8S. National Herbarium. 70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 3': 117. ° 1839. 1. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 336. 1854. Veracruz; the type from Mexico, but the definite locality unknown. Costa Rica. Several other species of bamboos have been described from Mexico, but their validity and identity are uncertain. 8. PHOENICACEAE. Palm Family. REFERENCE: Oersted, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 1-54. 1859. The palms are one of the most interesting and important groups of Mexican plants. Although the number of species represented is not nearly as large as in Central America, or farther southward in South America, those which are found in Mexico are of great economic importance. The plants attract attention because of their curious and beautiful forms, and they are favorite ornamental plants in Mexican parks and gardens. Besides the native species, some exotic ones are cultivated. The species are widely distributed in Mexico and often form extensive forests. The trunks are used for making the walls and roofs of houses, and the leaves are the usual material employed for thatch. The juice of the stems usually contains sugar, and may be fermented to obtain intoxicating drinks. The tough leaves are made into hats, mats, raincoats, and other articles, and their fiber furnishes cordage. The fruits of many of the species are edible, and the seeds contain large quantities of oil. The writer is under special obligations to Mr. O. F. Cook for assistance in the preparation of the account of this family. Leaves flabellate. Calyx and corolla united and forming a 6-dentate cup; ovary of a single 1-ovulate carpel. Petioles unarmed______-_-___--_--_-- 1. THRINAX, Calyx and corolla distinct ; ovary of 3 distinct or more or less united carpels, Style or stigma basilar in fruit. Petioles unarmed__________ 2. INODES. Style or stigma terminal in fruit. Trunk armed with long spines_______-____-___-____ 4, ACANTHORRIZA, Trunk unarmed. , Petioles smooth. Fruit globose, about 12 mm. in diameter. . 5. CRYOSOPHILA. Petioles with dentate or denticulate margins. Branches of the inflorescence, at least the primary ones, subtended by spathes. Leaf sheaths split at base______----_-_-_ 3. WASHINGTONIA. Leaf sheaths not split at base__________________ 6. ERYTHEA, Branches of the inflorescence not subtended by spathes. 7. BRAHEA. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, or sometimes simple and bifid at the apex. Ovary of 3 distinct carpels, only one normally developed______ 8. PHOENIX. Ovary of united carpels. Fruit baceate, without a bony endocarp. Flowers sunk in the fleshy rachis of the inflorescence. Style lateral, beside the one fertile cell of the ovary___9. GEONOMA. Style rising from between the 8 fertile cells of the ovary, 10. CALYPTROGYNE. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 71 Flowers not sunk in the rachis of the inflorescence. Spathes 2______--__- _--- _- 11. REINHARDTIA. Spathes 3 or more___---~-------------------- 12. CHAMAEDOREA, Fruit nutlike, with a bony endocarp. Trunk and leaf bases unarmed. Stamens 6; fruit 1-seeded____--------------------------- 13. COCOS. Stamens 10 to 24; fruit 2 to 6-seeded _ 14. ATTALEA. Trunk or leaf bases armed with spines, these sometimes black and needle- like. Petals of the pistillate flowers connate only at the base. 15. ACROCOMIA. Petals of the pistillate flowers united. Staminate flowers immersed in the rachis of the inflorescence; fruit spiny___-_--_____----------------------- 16. ASTROCARYUM. Staminate flowers not immersed in the rachis; fruit not spiny. Trunk erect; seeds with large subapical foramina. 17. BACTRIS. Trunk trailing or seandent; seeds with small peripheral foramina. 18. DESMONCUS. 1. THRINAX L. f.; Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 57. 1788. 1. Thrinax wendlandiana Becc. Webbia 2: 265. 1907. Yucatin. Cuba (type locality) ; Honduras. Leaves flabellate, about a meter long, green above, slightly paler beneath; spadix paniculate-branched ; fruit globose, 5 mm. or more in diameter. Known in Cuba as “ miraguano de lana,” “ guano de lana,” or “ guano de costa.” 2, INODES Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 529. 1901. REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 10-86. 1907 (as Sabal). Plants with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, the margins of the segments with numerous long threads; fruit small, globose, usually black. Seeds small, 5 to 8 mm. broad. Branches of the inflorescence slender. Fruit globose, not at all asymmetric__--------------------- 1. I. mexicana. Fruit more or less asymmetric at the base_---------------------- 2. I. japa. Seeds large, 10 to 13 mm. broad. Branches of the pistillate inflorescence strongly thickened, fusiform. Em- bryo lateral__--- Woe e+ ++ 8. I. uresana. Branches of the pistillate inflorescence slender. Embryo lateral__-_--------- -------------- (oe + 4. I. rosei. Embryo subdorsal__._----~------------------------------- 5. I. texana. 1. Inodes mexicana (Mart.) Standl. Sabal mexicana Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 246. pl. S, f. 1-7, pl. V, f. 4. 1836-50. Tepic to Zacatecas and Oaxaca (type locality), and perhaps farther east: ward. Guatemala. Trunk 10 to 20 meters high, when young clothed with the persistent petioles, but in age naked; leaf blades somewhat recurved; inflorescence short and dense, recurved; fruit depressed-globose, about 8 mm. in diameter. “ Palma real” (Oaxaca); “palma redonda” (Michoacan, Guerrero). 2. Inodes japa (Wright) Standl. Sabdal japa Wright; Sauv. Anal, Acad. Ci. Habana 7: 562. 1870. Yucatin. Cuba (type locality). 72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Trunk tall, sometimes 24 meters high; leaves large, the blades about 1.2 to 1.3 meters long; inflorescence 30 to 70 cm. long, composed of several short panicles; fruit globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. “ Huano,” “xaan” (Yuca- tin). Known in Cuba as “ palma de guano,” “ cana,” “ japa,” or “ miraguano.” 3. Inodes uresana (Trel.) Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534, 1901. Sabal wresana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 12: 79. pl. 85-37. 1901. Vicinity of Ures, Sonora, Trunk 5 to 10 meters high, about 30 cm. in diameter, naked; leaves very glaucous, on long unarmed petioles, the blades about 1 meter long; fruit depressed-globose, 15 to 20 mm. in diameter, green or dirty brown and some- what lustrous. 4. Inodes rosei* Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534. 1901. Sabal rosei Bece, Webbia 2: 83. 1907. In the coastal plain, Tepic and southern Sinaloa; type from Acaponeta, Tepie. Six to 12 or even 18 meters high, the trunk slender, naked, 15 to 20 em. thick ; leaves numerous, the blades pale green, 80 cm. wide or larger; inflores- cence 60 cm. long or longer; fruit globose, about 1.8 em. in diameter, blackish or dark blue, 5. Inodes texana Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534. 1901. Sabal texana Becce. Webbia 2: 78. 1907, Tamaulipas. Southwestern Texas (type locality ). Trunk tall, naked; spadices about 75 cm. long, copiously branched; flowers white, with a honey-like odor; fruit globose, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter. “ Palma real,” “palma de micheros” (Tamaulipas). The leaves are used for thatching and for chair seats. The flowers are much frequented by bees. The fruits, known as “ micheros,” are said to be edible. 3. WASHINGTONIA Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 37: 68. 1879. REFERENCES: Parish, Bot. Gaz, 44: 408-434, f. 1-12. 1907; Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 316. 1916; Parish, Bot. Gaz. 46: 144-147. f. 1-5. 1908; Parish, Bot. Gaz. 48: 462-463. 1909. Plants usually with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, deeply divided, the mar- gins of the leaves usually separating into drooping fibers; fruit drupaceous. Petiole obtuse at the junction with the blade___... 1. W. sonorae. Petiole acuminately prolonged into the blade. Leaf blades nearly or quite without filaments__....._ | 2. W. gracilis. Leaf blades copiously filiferous__.......... == 3. W. filifera. 1. Washingtonia sonorae S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 79. 1889. Dry plains and canyons, Sonora and southern Baja California; type from canyons near Guaymas, Sonora. Trunk reaching a height of 7.5 meters or more; leaves about a meter broad, somewhat glaucous, copiously filiferous; petioles armed with stout curved spines ; inflorescence 1.5 to 1.8 meters long; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, said to be used for food. In Baja California three distinct forms, known as “palma blanca,” “palma colorada,” and “ palma negra,” are recognized by the natives. *Named for Dr. J. N. Rose (1862-), Associate Curator of the U. 8. National Herbarium. Dr. Rose has collected extensively in nearly all parts of Mexico, and has obtained a very large series of specimens, which are in the National Herbarium. He has published many papers dealing with Mexican plants. . STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO: 73 2. Washingtonia gracilis Parish, Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. f. 8-10. 1907. Described from trees cultivated in southern California; believed to be a native of Baja California. Trunk slender, at least 20 meters high; blades 80 to 100 cm. broad; petioles armed throughout with short curved yellow spines; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in di- ameter. 3. Washingtonia filifera (Linden) Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 37: 68. 1879. Pritchardia filifera Linden, Ill. Hort. Lem. 24, 1877. Neowashingtonia filamentosa Sudw. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. For. Bull. 14: 105. 1897. . Neowashingtonia filifera Sudw. For. Trees Pac. Slop& 199. 1908. Dry plains, Baja California. Southern California. Trunk up to 27 meters high, often a meter in diameter; leaves a meter broad or larger; inflorescence 2.5 to 3 meters long; fruit about 8 mm. long, black, with thin sweet flesh. In the typical form the petioles are unarmed near the blade; in W. filifera robusta (Wendl.) Parish? they are armed throughout; in W. filifera microsperma Bece.? they are armed only near the base. This species is one of the commonest palms cultivated in hothouses. It is grown in parks in Sonora, where it is known as “palma de Castilla.” The desert Indians of southern California utilized the leaves for building huts and strands from the leaves for tying and in basketry. The fruit was eaten fresh or dried, the seeds were ground into meal, and the terminal bud or “ cabbage ” was roasted and eaten. 4. ACANTHORRHIZA Wendl. in Kerchove, Palmiers 230. 1878. REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 230-243. 1907. 1. Acanthorriza mocinni (H. B. K.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl]. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 411. 1885. Chamaerops mocinni H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 300. 1815. Trithrinar aculeata Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 320. 1836-50. Acanthorrhiza aculeata Wendl. in Kerchove, Palmiers 230. 1878. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Campeche; type from Acapulco, Guerrero, Guate- mala. Trunk of medium height, tapering upward, covered above with long spines; leaves flabelliform, green, slightly paler beneath, the petioles smooth; inflores- cence short, recurved; fruit whitish, about 1.2 cm. in diameter. “Palma de escoba ” (Campeche); “ zoyamiche,” “ zoyaviche” (Oaxaca); “ soyamiche” (Michoacén, Guerrero). 5. CRYOSOPHILA Blume, Rumphia 2: 53. 1836, 1, Cryosophila nana (H. B. K.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 53. 1836. Corypha nana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 299. 1815. Copernicia nana Liebm.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 411, 1885. Known only from the type locality, summit of Cuesta de los Pozuelos, between Acapulco and Mazatlin, Guerrero. Trunk 2 to 4 meters high, slender, unarmed; leaves flabellate, green above, whitish beneath; flowers densely spicate; fruit globose, about 12 mm. in diam- eter, green. “ Palmillo.” * Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. 1907. Washingtonia robusta Wendl. Gart. Zeit. 2: 198. 1883. ? Parish, Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. 1907. 74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. ERYTHEA S. Wats, Bot. Calif. 2: 211. 1880. REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 118-140. 1907. Plants with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, deeply divided, the divisions lacerate at the apex; flowers perfect; fruit baccate. Fruit obpyriform, distinctly attenuate to the base; petioles unarmed. 1. E. elegans, Fruit globose, rounded at the base; petioles usually armed with spinelike teeth. Leaves glaucous ___--__-_____---__--_------ ee 2. E. armata. Leaves green. Fruit 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter; trunk sometimes 30 meters high. 3. E. brandegeei. Fruit 2.5 to 3 cm, in diameter; trunk usually 6 to 9 meters high. Petioles armed with short hooked spines________________ 4, E. aculeata. Petioles unarmed or nearly so__...---_---_---_--_----______ 5. E. edulis. 1. Erythea elegans Franceschi; Bece. Webbia 2: 138. 1907. Sonora, in the region about Hermosillo. Leaves glaucescent; fruit 18 to 20 mm. long, 15 to 17 mm. thick. 2. Erythea armata 8S. Wats. Bot. Calif, 2: 212. 1880. Brahea armata 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 146. 1876. Glaucothea armata Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci, 5: 237. 1915. Along canyons and arroyos, northern Baja California; type from Tantillas Mountains. - Trunk sometimes 12 meters high and a meter in diameter, but usually about. 6 meters high; leaves very numerous, the blades glaucous, the petioles armed with curved teeth; inflorescence slender, exceeding the leaves, the flowers dull purplish. “ Palma blanca” (Sonora). This species is cultivated in southern California and in Sonora. It has been made the type of a new genus, Glaucothea, by Cook. While this genus is appar- ently well founded, it seems impracticable to recognize it in the present work, since the position of some of the other species, especially #. elegans, is doubtful. 3. Erythea brandegeei’ Purpus, Gartenflora 1908: 12. f. 1, 2. 1903. Mountains of the Cape Region of Baja California. ; Trunk 30 meters high or higher, about 60 cm. in diameter or less, smooth; leaves 10 to 12, the blades subtomentose, sparsely filiferous, green above, pale beneath, about 1 meter long; petioles glabrous, 1 to 1.5 meters long, spine- toothed ; inflorescence tomentose; fruit 10 to 15 mm. in diameter. ‘ Palmilla,” “palma negra,” “ palma de Tlaco.” The tender buds are eaten. 4. Erythea aculeata T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 196. 1905. Sinaloa; type from Cofradfa. Trunk 6 to 7 meters high; leaf blades 40 to 60 em. long, with about 40 segments, slightly filiferous; petioles slender, 50 cm. long or longer, the mar- Mexican plants, chiefly in Baja California, but also in Sinaloa. He has pub- lished several papers upon the plants of Baja California, which are our most important sources of information upon the botanical features of that region. He has published, also, papers dealing with plants from other parts of Mexico, especially the recent collections obtained by C. A. Purpus. The Brandegee Herbarium is at the University of California, but large numbers of the plants of Mr. Brandegee’s collections are in the U. S. National Herbarium. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 75 5. Erythea edulis (Wendl.) S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 212. 1880. Brahea edulis Wendl.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 146. 1876. Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Cultivated in south- ern California. Trunk sometimes 9 meters high and 37 cm. in diameter, covered with thick corky cracked bark; petioles stout, unarmed; leaf blades about a meter long, with 70 to 80 folds, tomentose at first; inflorescence 1.2 meters long, tomen- tose; fruit about 2.5 cm. in diameter, with thick pulp. The fruit clusters are said to weigh 40 to 50 pounds, The pulp of the fruit is sweet and edible. ‘The buds also are eaten, 7. BRAHEA Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 248. 1836-50. REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 92-107. 1907. Plants with tall unarmed trunks; leaves flabelliform, cleft into numerous segments; fruit of 1 to 3 1-seeded carpels. Flowers glomerate-ternate_-_____-~ ---- -------- +--+ 1. B. pimo. Flowers solitary. Branches of the inflorescence terete, stout, densely tomentose- velutinous, the flowers partly immersed; leaves filiferous_______-- 2. B. calcarea. ’ Branches of the inflorescence filiform, puberulent, the flowers sessile; leaves not filiferous wo eee ++ 3. B. dulcis. 1. Brahea pimo Becc. Webbia 2: 103. 1907. Type from Monte de la Ventana, Michoac4n or Guerrero. Trunk 3 to 4 meters high; spadices about 40 cm. long, thrice branched. ‘““Pimo.” 2. Brahea calecarea Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 319. 1836-50. Described from mountains near Jalcomuleo, Veracruz, altitude about 600 meters. Trunk about 6 meters high, naked; petioles smooth; inflorescence about 25 cm. long, the branches flexuous, pendulous. 3. Brahea dulcis (H. B. K.) Mart. Nat. Hist. Palm. 3: 244. pl. 137, 162. 1836-50. Corypha dulcis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 300. 1815. Nuevo Le6én to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from ‘La Moxonera et Alto de las Caxas.” Trunk 2.5 to 6 meters high, or sometimes nearly obsolete, 15 to 20 cm. thick, unarmed; leaves green or pale green, sparsely filiferous, the margins of the petioles coarsely spine-toothed ; inflorescence 1.5 to 2.5 meters long, pendu- lous, the branchlets_very thick, tomentose; fruit globose, yellow, succulent; seed white, ovate, very hard. “ Palmito” (Durango, Nuevo Leé6n); “ cocaiste” (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; ‘“ palma apache *” (Hidalgo, Puebla, Urbina) ; “ palma dulce” (Puebla, Guerrero, Ramirez); “palma de sombrero,” “palma soyal ” (Guerrero, Hidalgo); ‘“ soyale” -(various localities, Ramirez); ‘“ zoyate,” “soyate” (Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca) ; “ palma de abanico” (Oaxaca) ; “ yaga- xifia’’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ yucu-teyeye,” “ yutnu-fiun ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko). Wood very hard and heavy, used for frames of houses. Leaves used for thatching. The fruit (known in Durango as “ michire” or “ miche ”) is sweet and edible. 126651—20——6 76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. PHOENIX L. Sp. Pl. 1188, 1753. 1. Phoenix dactylifera L. Sp. Pl. 1188. 1758, Widely cultivated in Mexico and in some places, as in Baja California, grow- ing without cultivation, perhaps on the sites of abandoned ranches. Native of the Old World. Trunk often 15 meters high or taller; leaves large, pinnate; fruit borne in large panicles. Commonly known as “datil;” the name “ zoyacapulin ” is said to be applied also. One of the best-known palms, grown for its fruit in most tropical regions. The date palm was introduced into Mexico at an early period and is now cultivated in many localities, chiefly in the more arid regions. Dates were exported from Baja California in the early part of the nineteenth century, but the amount now produced in Mexico is not very large. They could doubtless be grown on a large scale in Sonora and Sinaloa, for the trees thrive in that part of Mexico. 9. GEONOMA Willd. Mém. Acad. Sci. Berlin 1804: 37. 1807. Trunk very short, covered by the sheaths of the petioles______ 1. G. mexicana. Trunk 4 to 8 meters high, naked_____-_______.._.. 2. G. magnifica. 1. Geonoma mexicana Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 316. 1836-50. Oaxaca, at about 900 meters; material from Veracruz perhaps belongs here. , Trunk very ‘short; leaves interrupted-pinnatifid, bifid at the apex, the pinnae subopposite, broadly lanceolate, long-dcuminate; spadix pubescent, with cernuous branches; fruit oblique-ellipsoid. 2. Geonoma magnifica Lind. & Wendl. Linnaea 28: 335. 1856. Described from material collected between San Carlos and Macuspana, Ta- basco. Trunk 4 to 8 meters high and 5 to 6 em. thick, annulate; leaves pinnatisect, the blade 2.5 meters long, 70 to 80 cm. wide, with 7 or 8 pairs of pinnae, these broadly lanceolate, long-acumirate. ‘“ Pujai.” Hemsley reports* a third species from Oaxaca as Geonoma galeottiana Wendl., but this name is unpublished. 10, CALYPTROGYNE Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 17: 72. 1859. 1. Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana?’ (Lind. & Wendl.) Wendl. Bot, Zeit. 17: 72. 1859. Geonoma ghiesbreghtiana Lind. & Wendl. Linnaea 28: 343. 1856. Chiapas. * Biol. Centr, Amer, Bot. 3: 408. 1885. ? August Ghiesbreght was born in Brussels in 1810. In 1836 he and Linden were appointed by Leopold I to explore Brazil. In 1887, together with Linden. and Funck, he started for Mexico and reached Veracruz in January, 1888. He accompanied Galeotti in his ascent of Orizaba, and also collected else- where. He went to Europe in 1839, but returned to Mexico in the same year, and with Linden visited Tabasco. In March, 1840, he accompanied his collec- tions to Europe, but returned soon after, and botanized in various states, as- cending the volcanoes of Colima, Jorullo, and Zempoaltepec. He took up his residence in Tabasco, and explored that State as well as Chiapas. In 1857 he again accompanied his collections to Europe, to return once more, however, and establish himself in the city of Chiapas. His collections are found in many of the herbaria of Europe and America, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 77 Trunk short or almost none; rachis of the leaf 80 to 85 em. long, with 6 pairs of pinnae, these 50 to 65 cm. long; inflorescence 1.2 to 1.5 meters long. “ Guanito talis.” Leaves used for covering huts. 11. REINHARDTIA Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 311. 1836-50. 1, Reinhardtia elegans Liebm.; Mart. Hist, Nat. Palm. 3: 311. 1836-50. Oaxaca; type collected between Chuapan and Tiutalcingo. Trunk slender, 6 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 1.8 meters long, horizontal, the pinnae 30 to 45 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide; inflorescence erect, a meter long, branched; fruit oval, about 1.5 cm. long. 12. CHAMAEDOREA Willd. Sp, Pl. 4*: 638. 1806. Plants unarmed, erect or procumbent, with stout or very slender stems; leaves pinnatisect, or simple and bifid at the apex; fruit small, of 1 to 38 carpels, dry or fleshy. The Mexican species of this genus, as of most others of the family, are very imperfectly known. Some of them were described from cultivated plants, and all are poorly represented in herbaria. The following key, consequently, is very imperfect. The unopened flower spathes of various species are often cooked and eaten. The following vernacular names are reported for some of the species: “ Tepe- jilote” or “tepexilotl (Nahuatl; Oaxaca, Morelos, Guerrero); “bom cabalsih ” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Ramirez); “ guaya de bajo,” “guaya de cerro,” “ouayita” (Tabasco). Interior perianth of the staminate flowers usually not stipitate; anthers obliquely incumbent. Caudex repent, short, dichotomous; pinnae linear___________ 1. C. martiana. Caudex erect, elongate, simple; pinnae lanceolate. Pinnae few, about 8 on each side_______-_-_- > 2. C. alternans, Pinnae numerous, 18 or more on each side. Segments of the inner perianth acutish; branches of the staminate inflor- escence few ________ ~o- eee e+ ++ 3. C. tepejilote. Segments of the inner perianth very obtuse; branches of the staminate inflorescence numerous ______--__--___________ 4, C. wendlandiana., Interior perianth of the staminate flowers connate at the base with the fila- ments and rudimentary ovary to form a short stipe; anthers erect. Perianth segments of both staminate and pistillate flowers valvate. Interior perianth of the pistillate flowers of 3 distinct segments. Leaves simple, bilobate or irregularly pinnatifid ; pistillate spadix simple. 5. C. ernesti-augusti. Leaves pinnate; pistillate spadix branched_________-_____ 6. C. sartorii. Interior perianth of both staminate and pistillate flowers gamophyllous, tridentate. Leaves simple, bifid___.____________________________-_ 7. C. stolonifera. Leaves pinnate. Caudex very short or obsolete____------------------- 8. C. humilis. Caudex 2 to 3.5 meters high. Pinnae 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, about 15 em. long___________ 9. C. elegans. Pinne about 2.5 cm. wide and 30 cm, long___-_~ 10. C. liebmanni. Perianth segments of the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate flowers imbricate. Fruit 3-celled. Pistillate spadices simple. 78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Caudex procumbent; leaves about 40 cm. long.___11. C, pygmaea. Caudex erect; leaves more than 40 cm, long. Pinnae 12.5 to 17 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide. 12. C. cataractarum. Pinnae 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.8 em. wide________ 13. C. oreophila. Fruit 1-celled. Leaves simple, bifid; spadices simple______________ 14, C. tenella. Teaves pinnate; spadices usually branched. Caudex very long, flexuous, subeandent. Pinnae partly hooked at the apex, some of them opposite. 15. C. elatior, Pinnae not hooked at the apex, all alternate____16. C. affinis. Caudex erect. Pinnae few (5 to 12 on each side), trapezoid or oblong. Staminate flowers oblong; segments of the inner perianth free at the apex___ _-17. C. lunata. Staminate flowers subglobose; segments of the inner peri- anth adnate at the apex. Pinnae about 5 on each side___________ 18. C. lindeniana. Pinnae 10 to 12 on each side__._______ 19. C. schiedeana. Pinnae numerous, elongate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Pinnae approximate in clusters along the rachis. 20. C. klotzschiana. Pinnae evenly distributed along the rachis. Leaf blades short, 45 to 60 cm. long______ 21. C. radicalis. Leaf blades large, 1 to 2 meters long. Pinnae 45 to 50 cm. long, about 2.5 em. wide; caudex very short___-___________________ 22. C. montana. Pinnae about 30 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide; caudex elongate. Pinnae 3 to 3.7 wide______.___ 23. C. karwinskiana. Pinnae 0.8 to 2 cm. wide. Pinnae about 2 cm. wide______ 24. C. pochutlensis. Pinnae about 1 cm. wide______ 25. C. graminifolia. 1. Chamaedorea martiana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 137. 1853. Native of Mexico, the locality not known. Caudex short, repent, dichotomous; leaves long-petiolate, pinnate, the pinnae numerous, small, linear; spadices short-pedunculate, simply branched. 2. Chamaedorea alternans Wendl. Gartenflora 29: 104. 1880. Chiapas. Caudex up to 3 meters high, 3 cm. thick, the nodes 4 to 8 cm. apart; leaves 4 or 5, 1.75 meters long, the petiole 35 em. long, the blades pinnate, the pinnae about 8 on each side, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, the middle ones 40 to 50 em. long, 11 to 14 cm. wide; pistillate spadix 40 to 50 cm. long, with 9 to 13 branches. 3. Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. Described from “ Matlaluca, 8. Maria, Orizaba.” Caudex 1.2 to 1.8 meters high, thick, closely annulate; leaf blades 1.2 meters long, the pinnae 32 to 37 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, numerous, alternate, narrowly lanceolate, subfaleate, acute; spadices simply branched, borne among the younger leaves; fruit oblong-ovoid, 16 mm. long, 6 mm. thick, black. “ Tepe- jilote.” The unopened spathes are cooked and eaten like asparagus. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 79 4, Chamaedorea wendlandiana (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 407. 1885. Stephanostachys wendlandiana Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 28, 1859. Oaxaca. Leaves 1.2 meters long, the petiole 30 cm. long, the pinnae 18 to 20 on each side, narrowly lanceolate, slightly falcate, long-acuminate, the middle ones 50 em. long, 3.7 em. wide or more; staminate spadix 45 cm. long, the peduncle 30 cm. long, the spathes 7, chartaceous, greenish, the branches numerous, 15 cm. long; pistillate spadix 25 cm. long, the few branches erect or ascending, 7.5 cm. long. 5. Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 20: 73. 1852. Eleutheropetalum* ernesti-augusti Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 7. 1859. Tabasco (type locality). Guatemala and Honduras. Caudex elongate, ‘erect, remotely annulate; leaves simple, ovate-oblong, bifid or irregularly pinnatifid, coarsely serrate; pistillate spadix simple, strict, equaling or longer than the leaves, the rachis thick and fleshy. 6. Chamaedorea sartorii? Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50, Veracruz; type from Barranca de San Francisco, near Mirador, altitude 600 to 750 meters. Caudex 2.5 to 4.2 meters high, annulate, covered above by the petiole bases; leaf blades 90 to 105 em. long, the pinnae 30 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, alter- nate, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, falcate; spathes soon deciduous; spadices borne between and below the fronds, simply branched, the branches of the staminate inflorescence very long and pendulous; fruit oval, black, 12 mm. long, 8 mm. thick. . 7. Chamaedorea stolonifera Wendl.; Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 118: pl. 7265. 1892. Described from southern Mexico, the locality not known. Caudices very slender, a meter high, very stoloniferous, forming dense tufts, closely annulate; leaves terminal, 25 cm. long, short-petiolate, the blades cleft to below the middle into 2 oblong acute segments; spadices borne below the leaves, the staminate with 5 or 6 spreading flexuous branches, these 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long. 8. Chamaedorea humilis (Liebm.) Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. Collinia humilis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1846: 8. 1846. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Colipa, Veracruz. Dwarf, the caudex very short or obsolete, covered by the petiole sheaths; leaves about 45 cm. long, the pinnae 15 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, linear-lanceolate ; spadices 20 to 30 em. long, borne between and below the leaves simply branched; fruit globose, black. 9. Chamaedorea elegans Mart. Linnaea 5: 204. 1830. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Barranca de Tioselo. Caudex erect, 1.8 meters high, with numerous nodes; pinnae narrowly lan- ceolate, acuminate, straight; spadix paniculate-branched ; fruit globose. 2Carl Sartorius, a native of Darmstadt, Germany, was obliged by political conditions to leave his native country in 1826, and in 1830 he took refuge in Mexico. He purchased land at Mirador, at the base of Mount Orizaba, and en- gaged in agricultural pursuits. He made large collections of plants which are deposited in various herbaria of Europe and the United States. His death occurred in 1872. 80 - CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 10. Chamaedorea liebmanni? Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308, 1836-50. Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Caudex 8 to 3.5 meters high, erect, annulate; leaf blades 1 to 1.2 meters long, the petioles 22 em. long, the pinnae elongate-lanceolate, 30 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate; spadices 45 em. long, twice-branched: fruit globose, minute, black. 11. Chamaedorea pygmaea Wendl. Allg. Gartenz, 20: 217. 1852. Chiapas, Caudex very short, procumbent; leaves short-petiolate, 40 to 42.5 em. long, the pinnae 9 to 12 on each side, elongate-lanceolate; pistillate spadices 25 to 30 cm. long. 12. Chamaedorea cataractarum (Liebm.) Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 309. 1836-50. Stachyphorbe cataractarum Liebm. Overs, Dansk, Vid, Selsk. Forh. 1846: 8. 1846. Oaxaca; type from Chinantla. Thirty to 60 cm. high, the caudex very short, included in the sheaths; terminal leaves erect, the pinnae linear-lanceolate, acute, straight, alternate, 12.5 to 17 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide; spadices basal, shorter than the leaves; fruit oval, black, the size of a pea, 13. Chamaedorea oreophila Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 309. 1836-50, Type from mountains of Tepitonga, Oaxaca. Caudex 7.5 to 10 cm. Jong, densely annulate; leaves erect-patent, 75 cm. long, the pinnae 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.3 em. wide, alternate, elongate-lanceolate, acute, Straight; spadix 8 cm. long, erect, borne among the leaves; fruit olive-like, orange, 14. Chamaedorea tenella Wendl. Gartenflora 29: 102. 1880. Nunnezharia tenella Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 107: pl. 6584. 1881. Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin. Plants very small, flowering when 17 to 23 em. high but sometimes 1 meter high, the caudex slender, rooting from the lower nodes ; leaves short-petiolate, 10 to 20 cm, long, 6 to 10 em, wide, obovate-oblong, bifid for a third their length, the lobes acute; spadices about as long as the whole plant, slender, drooping, simple; fruit globose, 8 mm. in diameter, dark green or bluish black. Hooker (loc. cit.) remarks that this is perhaps the smallest palm known, 15. Chamaedorea elatior Mart. Linnaea 5: 205. 1830. Chamaedorea scandens Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Barranca de Tioselo. Stem sometimes 3.5 meters high, 2.5 cm. thick, flexuous and subscandent, covered with petiole sheaths; basal leaves 2, persistent, flabellate-bifid, the * Frederick Michael Liebmann (1813-1856), a Dane, was sent by the Danish Government to Mexico in 1840, in company with a gardener, Rathsack, to make scientific collections, especially of living plants and seeds for the botanical garden of Copenhagen. He landed at Veracruz in February, and with Kar- winsky he explored that State, making his headquarters at Mirador. Later he visited Puebla and Oaxaca, and in 1848 he returned to Copenhagen witt: his collections, which consisted of 40,000 botanical specimens. He was appdinted professior of botany at Copenhagen in 1845 and director of the botanical gar- den in 1849. He published numerous papers based upon his collections, and after his death Oersted also published descriptions of some of the new species discovered. His plants were distributed to many of the herbaria of Europe and the United States. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 8] cauline ones remote, 1.8 to 2.5 meters long, the pinnae numerous, 45 cm. long, 25 em. wide, alternate, elongate-lanceolate, long-acuminate; spadices lateral, subappressed, pedunculate, simply branched ; fruit globose, black, 16. Chamaedorea affinis Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. Oaxaca; type from Chinantla. Pinnae all alternate, the uppermost confluent; spathes 4, persistent. 17. Chamaedorea lunata Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 307. 1836-50. Type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz. Guatemala. Caudex erect, 1.8 to 3.5 meters high, annulate, covered above with the leaf sheaths; leaves 75 to 100 em. long, the pinnae 30 em. long and 7.5 cin. wide or smaller, alternate, remote, broadly lanceolate, falcate, acuminate; spadices . simply branched,, borne below the leaves, the branches very long, flexuous; fruit elongate, curved, attenuate at each end, 12 to 14 mm, long. 18. Chamaedorea lindeniana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz, 21: 139. 1853. Native of Mexico, the locality not known; specimens from Veracruz are perhaps referable here. Pinnae 5 on each side, oblong-trapezoid, the middle ones 25 to 28 cm. long, 10 to 11.5 em. wide, the lowest ones approximate, reflexed-patent, the upper con- fluent; peduncle of the pistillate inflorescence 35 to 38 cm. long, the rachis 7.5 to 10 em. long, the branches slender, subflexuous. 19. Chamaedorea schiedeana’* Mart. Linnaea 5: 204. 1830. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala. ; Caudex about 1.8 meters high; petioles half as long as the blades, the pinnae broadly lanceolate, falcate-cuspidate; spadices simply branched; fruit globose, bluish black. 20. Chamaedorea klotzschiana Wendl. Ind. Palm. 63. 1854. Native of Mexico, the locality not known. Pinnae 15 to 18 on each side, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, the middle ones 30 em. long, 3.7 cm. wide. 21. Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. &: 308. 1836-50. Type from the Sierra Madre, lat. 21° to 22° (Tepic or Jalisco). Plant small, the caudex short, stoloniferous, covered with the petiole sheaths; petioles shorter than the pinnae, the blades 45 to 60 cm. long, the pinnae thickish, linear-acuminate; spathes 6; spadices subbasal, erect, few- branched; fruit globose, black, the size of a pea. 22. Chamaedorea montana Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. Type from Trapiche de la Concepcién, Oaxaca. Caudex 30 em. high or less, erect, closely annulate; petioles 45 to 60 cm. long, the blades 1.5 to 2 meters long, the pinnae 45 to 50 ecm. long, 2.5 cm. wide or 1Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (1798-1836), a German, studied natural science, especially botany, at Berlin and Géttingen, and, as a means of assist- ance in his proposed botanical explorations, medicine. Accompanied by an- other botanist, Deppe, he reached Mexico in 1828, The two spent about a year in exploring the State of Veracruz, and obtained large collections of plants and other objects. Schiede then took up the practice of medicine, which gave him means to explore other regions of Mexico. His collections were studied chiefly by Schlechtendal and Chamisso, who published numerous papers deal- ing with them in Linnaea. Schiede himself published descriptions of some of the new plants he discovered, as well as letters dealing with the general aspects of Mexican vegetation. He died in the City of Mexico in 1836. His plants were widely distributed, the most complete series being at Berlin; a few are in the U. S. National Herbarium. 82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. more, numerous, alternate or subopposite, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, acute, cuspidate; spadices simply branched, erect, borne among the leaves, the branches flexuous; fruit globose, small, thin-fleshed, black. 23. Chamaedorea karwinskiana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 179. 1853. Native of Mexico, the locality not known. Caudex 50 cm. high or more, stoloniferous; leaves pinnate, the pinnae 27 to 33 on each side, linear-lanceolate, 30 em. long, 3 to 3.7 em. wide; staminate spadix 35 to 50 cm. long, the branches pendulous, the pistillate spadix 40 to 50 cm. long, branched; fruit oblong, black. 24. Chamaedorea pochutlensis Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50. Type from Pochutla, Oaxaca. Caudex 8 to 3.5 meters high, slender, closely annulate; fronds 1 to 1.2 meters long, the pinnae 20 to 28 em. long, scarcely 2.5 em. wide, elongate-lanceolate, straight, acute, spadices 45 cm. long, erect between the leaves, simply branched, the branches very long, slender, pendulous. 25. Chamaedorea graminifolia Wendl. Ind. Palm. 62. 1854. Specimens from Yucatén are referred here with doubt. Guatemala, Pinnae 36 to 42 on each side, linear, about 25 to 30 em. long and 1 cm. wide, straight ; staminate spadix.30 cm. long or more, the branches very long, flexuous, pendulous. ‘“ Xiat” (Yucatén). - 18. COCOS L, Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753. REFERENCES: Cook, The origin and distribution of the cocoa palm, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 257-293. 1901; Cook, History of the coconut palm in Amer- ica, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 14: 271-342. 1910; Beccari, The origin and dispersal of Cocos nucifera, Philippine Journ. Sci. Bot, 12: 27-48. 1911. 1. Cocos ‘nucifera L. Sp, Pl. 1188. 1753. Common along both coasts of Mexico, often cultivated. Widely distributed in tropical regions. Trunk slender, sometimes 30 meters high with a diameter of 60 to 70 cm., usually enlarged at the base, normally erect but often bent over by wind; leaves pinnate, 3 to 6 meters long; flowers white, borne in large panicles. Known commonly in Mexico as “coco,” “cocotero,” “palma de coco,” and “coco de agua;” also as “coco de castillo.” The best known and most important of all palms, of frequent occurrence along the coasts of Mexico, growing normally in the immediate vicinity of salt water. The trunks are used for building dwellings and for rafts and the leaves for thatching, The meat of the nut is a favorite article of food and large amounts are used for making “ dulces ” or sweetmeats. The milk of the fresh fruits is a refreshing drink and is said to have diuretic properties. The fruit has the reputation, in Cuba and Yucatan, of expelling intestinal parasites, On the west coast of Mexico, particularly in Colima, an intoxicating drink called “tuba” is made from the sap obtained from the trunk or from the | inflorescences. This is sometimes flavored with pineapple, lemon, onion, chile, or cinnamon, when it is known as “tuba compostura.” The “tuba” is distilled to obtain alcohol, and also furnishes vinegar. The shells of the nuts are made into cups and other articles. Oil is ex- pressed from the meat, and small quantities of it have been exported from Mexico. In other regions of the world the different parts of the coco palm are em- ployed for an infinite variety of purposes which it seems unnecessary to eun- merate here.” See Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 9: 233-243. 1905. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 83 14. ATTALEA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 309. 1815. 1. Attalea cohune Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 300. pl. 167. 1836-50. Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yucatin, chiefly in the littoral regions. Central America; type from Honduras. Trunk often 50 to 60 meters high, when short usually covered with per- sistent leaf bases; leaves very large, sometimes 7.5 meters long (said to be even 18 meters long and 2.5 meters wide), gracefully recurved, pinnate, with very numerous segments; inflorescence 1.5 to 2 meters long; fruit resembling a small coconut, about 7 cm. long, mamillate at the apex, subtended by the accrescent perianth; seeds large, very oily. ‘“‘Corozo” (Yucatéin, Oaxaca, Guatemala, Costa Rica); “palma de coquito de aceite,’ “coquino,” “coco de aceite,” “coquito” (Colima); “palma real,” “corozo gallinazo” (Pan- ama); “cohune” (Honduras, Guatemala); “monaco,” ‘“manaca” (Guate- mala); “coco de Guadalajara” (Chihuahua, in market). The tallest and most showy of Mexican palms and one of the most im- portant ones economically. The trunks are used for building purposes and the leaves for thatching. From the trunk a liquor similar to that of the coco palm is obtained. The flowers have a heavy, unpleasant odor, and attract bees and wasps. The young bud or “ cabbage” is cooked and eaten, and in Costa Rica, at least, the young leaves are used for making hats. The fruits, however, are the most important part of the plant. They are much eaten by cattle, and the seeds are used for human food, especially for the preparation of sweetmeats. The seeds contain about 50 per cent of oil, which is extracted by pressure, and is used chiefly for making soap, but also for candles, machine oil, etc. One soap factory at Guaymas is said to have used 100,000 pounds of the oil a year. Two species of Cocos described from Mexico by Liebmann probably belong to this genus. They may be synonyms of Attalea cohune, or they may represent distinct species, for there is reason to believe that more than one species of Attalea occurs in Mexico. Cocos regia Liebm. (Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 323. 1836-50) was based upon material from the mountains of eastern Mexico. C. guacuyule Liebm. (Mart. loc. cit.) was collected near Guatulco, at an altitude of 360 meters. The latter name has been much used in Mexican literature for the plant here listed as Attalea cohune. The following vernacular names have been reported: “ Coyol,” “ coyole,” “ guacoyul,” “ huiscoyul,” ‘“ quacoyul.” 15. ACROCOMIA Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 66. 1823 (?). 1. Acrocomia mexicana Karw.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 285. pl. 1388. 1836-50. Sinaloa and southward along the Pacific coast; Yucatén; type from Teoxo- muleo. Guatemala. Trunk of medium height, very spiny; leaves pinnate, with numerous thin narrow segments, these pale and more or less hispid beneath; rachis and petiole of the leaf armed with very numerous long compressed blackish lustrous spines; fruit globose, about 4 cm. in diameter: ‘“ Coyol” (Guerrero) ; “ co- coyol” (Yucatin); “cocoyul” (Sinaloa, Guerrero); “ guacoyul” (Oaxaca ; from the Nahuatl, “ cuau-coyotli’’) ; “ coquito baboso” (Oaxaca). The fruit is edible and is often found in the markets. It is said that an in- toxicating liquor is made from it. 16. ASTROCARYUM Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 265. 1818. 1. Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 323. 1836-50. Veracruz and Oaxaca (type locality). x 84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Trunk 1.2 to 1.8 meters high, densely covered with black spines; petiole and rachis densely spiny, the blades pinnate, the pinnae broadly linear; spathes densely spiny; inflorescence Spicate; fruit fusiform, beaked, densely spiny. “Choc6n” (Veracruz). 17. BACTRIS Jacq. Stirp. Amer, 271. 1763. Plants usually low, the stems unarmed or often covered with long spines; leaves pinnatisect, the petioles usually spiny ; flowers monoecious; fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, the pericarp fleshy. Petiole and rachis of the leaf unarmed_____..-- 1. B. acuminata, Petiole and rachis armed with long spines. Fruit globose, unarmed__________ wee 2. B. baculifera. Fruit obovoid, ovoid, or turbinate. Fruit densely prickly____----__.------- 3. B. cohune: Fruit unarmed__ ------ +e 4. B. mexicana. 1. Bactris acuminata Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 321. 1836-50. Described from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Petiole and rachis unarmed, the pinnae elongate-lanceolate or the upper ones elongate-obovate, linear-acuminate, black-aculeate beneath. 2. Bactris baculifera Karw.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 322, 1836-50. Type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz. Cespitose; trunk 2.5 to 2.7 meters high, the internodes about 20 em. long, armed with numerous compressed spines 7 to 13 cm. long ;- petiole and rachis spiny; fruit globose, unarmed. Wood very hard; said to be used for canes, ete. 3. Bactris cohune S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad, 21: 467. 1886. Material from Tabasco probably belongs to this species. Originally described from Guatemala. Trunk 1.8 to 4.5 meters high, straight, slender, densely spiny, covered with the persistent sheaths of old leaves; leaves pale beneath, the petiole and rachis very spiny, the pinnae linear, often a meter long, aculeolate on the margin ; spathes tomentose and spiny; fruit obovoid, nearly 5 em. long, prickly. “Cocoyol de jauacte” (Tabasco). Fruit edible. 4. Bactris mexicana Mart. Palm. Orbign. 65. 1847. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz. Trunk of medium height, very spiny; petiole and rachis armed with numer- ous long slender black spines, the pinnae lance-linear, aculeate-ciliate, paler beneath ; spathe very prickly; fruit shaped like an acorn, about 2.5 cm. long, surrounded at the base by the cuplike perianth. “Palma de garroche ” (Oaxaca) ; the “ quauhcoyolli ” of Hernandez, according to Martius, 18. DESMONCUS Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 84. 1824( ?). 1. Desmoncus chinantlensis Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 321. 1836-50, Forests of Chinantla, Oaxaca. Trunk stout, flexuous, subscandent, very densely setose-aculeate; leaves re- mote, the petioles sheathing, spiny, the blades pinnate. with elliptic pinnae; peduncles densely retrose-spiny; fruit obovoid-globose. Plants of this genus are said to be known in Tabasco as “ballf” and “matambilla,” but perhaps these names apply rather to species of Bactris. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 85 9. ARACEAE. Arum Family. REFERENCES : Engler in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2. 1879; Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 23. 1905-1913. , , Plants glabrous; leaves alternate, distichous, or spirally arranged, entire or lobate; flowers small, perfect or monoecious, crowded on a simple spadix, this usually surrounded by a spathe, the whole inflorescence resembling a single flower; fruit baccate, A large family, with numerous species in Mexico. Most of the plants, how- ever, are wholly herbaceous, and often acaulescent. The species taken up here scarcely deserve to rank as shrubs, but they have long, coarse, epiphytic, scandent stems, which give them the general appearance, at least, of shrubs. The leaves in this family usually contain crystals of calcium oxalate, which penetrate the tongue when a piece is chewed, causing pain and swelling. Flowers all fertile, or a few at the base of the spike unisexual; leaves often perforated or pinnatifid -- aa 1. MONSTERA. Flowers monoecious, the upper ones staminate, the lower pistillate; leaves not perforated. Ovaries distinct, 2 to 10-celled ; seeds with endosperm__2, PHILODENDRON. Ovaries coherent, 1 or 2-celled; seeds without endosperm__3. SYNGONIUM. / 1. MONSTERA Adans. Fam, Pl. 2: 470. 1763. Seandent branched shrubs, the branches rooting; leaves distichous, entire or pinnatifid, often with large perforations; flowers perfect. Leaf blades regularly pinnatifid__-___________________ 1. M. deliciosa, Leaf blades never regularly pinnatifid, with large openings. Openings biseriate or triseriate along the costa____________ 2. M. punctulata. Openings irregularly scattered or uniseriate. Spadix oblong, about half as long as the spathe___3. M. pertusa jacquinii. Spadix broadly ovoid, only slightly shorter than the spathe. 4. M. karwinskyi. 1. Monstera deliciosa Liebm, Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1849: 19. 1849. Monstera lennae C. Koch, Bot. Zeit. 1852: 277. 1852. Forests of Oaxaca (type locality) and Veracruz. Guatemala. Stems terete, 6 meters long and 6 cm. thick or larger, sending out long roots from the nodes; leaf blades 40 to 60 cm. broad, with numerous narrow lobes; spadix 17 to 20 cm. long; berries pale yellow, spotted with violet. “ Pifianona” (Oaxaca). The fruiting spadices are edible. 2. Monstera punctulata Schott; Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 2: 259. 1879. Anadendron punctulatum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 393. 1860. Reported from Mexico, the locality not stated. Type locality uncertain but probably somewhere in Central America. Leaf blades ovate, 60 to 70 cm. long, with numerous perforations. 8. Monstera pertusa jacquinii (Schott) Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 8*: 1138. 1878. Monstera jacquinit Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1854: 66. 1854. Forests of Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Stems high-climbing, 1 to 3 cm. thick; leaf blades ovate, 30 to 40 cm. long, with few large perforations. 86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Monstera karwinskyi Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 9: 99. 1859. Monstera egregia Schott; Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 260. 1879. Forests of Veracruz; type collected between Colipa and Papantla. Stems high-climbing, 2 to 8 cm. thick; leaf blades obliquely oblong, 40 to 50 cm. long. 2. PHILODENDRON Schott ; Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 1: 19. 1832. Plants scandent, the leafy stems rooting at the nodes; leaves entire or lobate, thick, with persistent sheaths; flowers monoecious. Leaves acute at the base, entire. Leaf sheath arising slightly below the blade, long-produced___1. P. seguine. Leaf sheath arising far below the blade______________ 2. P. inaequilaterum. Leaves either sagittate or cordate or lobate. Leaves parted or lobed. Leaves 3-parted. Ovules several in each cell_____________---- ee 9. P. anisotomum. Ovules solitary___________________-_--__ eee eee 10. P. fenzlii. Leaves incised or pinnatifid. Leaves ovate in outline______________________________ 11. P. radiatum. Leaves rounded_____-_-_-----------------------___ 12. P. polytomum. Leaves neither parted nor lobed. Ovules solitary. Petiole terete_____________________________ 7. P. subovatum. Petiole flattened above_________________--_-______ 8. P. advena. Ovules 2 to 5 in each cell. Leaves thin, usually pellucid-striolate____.___________ 6. P. mexicanum. Leaves subcoriaceous, not pellucid-striolate. Petioles terete_____ a - 5. P. sanguineum. Petioles flattened or sulcate on the anterior side. Petioles flattened on the anterior side_________- 3. P. sagittifolium. Petioles sulcate on the anterior side_____________-_ 4. P. daemonum. 1. Philodendron segyine Schott, Bonplandia 1859: 164. 1859. Forests of Oaxaca. Branches 6 to 8 mm. thick; leaf blades narrowly oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 4.5 em. wide. 2. Philodendron inaequilaterum Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 16, 1850. Pital, Veracruz, the type locality. Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 20 to 32 cm. long; 10 to 18 cm. wide. 8. Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid, Medd. 1850: 17. 1850. Philodendron tanyphyllum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 273. 1860. Veracruz to Morelos. Stems high-climbing, 2.5 to 3 cm. thick; leaf blades sagittate, 30 to 50 cm. long; spathe green outside, purplish within; berries dull yellow. 4. Philodendron daemonum Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 17. 1850. Veracruz, the type from Colipa. Leaf blades cordate-hastate, 28 to 85 cm, long. 5. Philodendron sanguineum Regel, Gartenflora 1869: 197. pl. 621. 1869. Forests of Veracruz, the type from the Valley of Cérdoba. Leaf blades elongate-sagittate, 20 to 30 cm. long; spathes green, 13 to 15 em. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 87 6. Philodendron mexicanum Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 37: 143. 1878. Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Leaf blades elongate-hastate, 30 to 36 cm. long. 7. Philodendron subovatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1855: 289. 1855. Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated. Stems scandent; leaf blades cordate-ovate, 25 to 35 cm. long, 24 to 30 cm. wide. 8. Philodendron advena Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1855: 289. 1855. Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated. Stems scandent; leaf blades broadly cordate-ovate, 35 cm. long, 20 to 26 cm. wide; spathes green outside, purple within; berries stramineous. 9. Philodendron anisotomum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 1858: 179. 1858. Philodendron affine Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 37. 1878. Morelos to Chiapas, Guatemala. Stems repent or scandent, rooting at the nodes; leaf blades 3-parted. 10. Philodendron fenzlii Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 37: 144. 1878. Morelos and probably elsewhere in Mexico. Caudex scandent, 1 to 1.2 em. thick; leaves 3-parted. 11. Philodendron radiatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 378. 18538. Forests of Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala. Stems stout, scandent; leaf blades deeply pinnatifid ; spathes green or pur- plish outside, pale purple within. 12. Philodendron polytomum Schott, Bonplandia 7: 164. 1859. Forests of Veracruz; type from Colipa. Leaf blades deeply pinnatifid, 60 to 70 cm. long, 60 to 65 ecm. wide. 3. SYNGONIUM Schott, Wien. Zeitschr. 3: 780. 1829. Seandent shrubs, the stems rooting at the nodes; leaves petiolate, the primary ones sagittate, the adult ones 3 to 9-lobate, the petiole elongate, with an accrescent persistent sheath; flowers monoecious, the peduncles short, solitary or fascieulate, the spadix much shorter than the spathe. Tube of the spathe narrowly cylindric; lateral nerves of the leaves ascending at an angle of about 60°____------------------------------ 1. S. auritum. Tube of the spathe oblong-ovoid; lateral nerves ascending at an angle of 30 to 45°_____________ +--+ ---------------- 2. S. podophyllum. 1. Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott; Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 1: 19. 1832. Arum auritum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1871. 1763. . Syngonium neglectum Schott, Bonplandia 1859: 163. 1859. Veracruz to Morelos. Jamaica. 2. Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 68. 1856. Veracruz. El Salvador. 10. LILIACEAE. Lily Family.* The Mexican species treated here are trees or shrubs, sometimes acaulescent but often with thick, simple or branched trunks; the leaves are either linear or dagger-shaped, usually stiff and rigid, sometimes with spiny margins; the flowers are either small or large and showy. 1The writer is under obligations to Dr. William Trelease for generous assist- ance in the preparation of the account of this family. 88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Ovules numerous in each cell; flowers large, perfect. Flowers searcely 1.5 cm. wide, greenish; anthers oblong__1. HESPERALOE. Flowers 5 to 10 em. wide, white or yellow; anthers short-sagittate. Style filiform; stigma papillate___..- 2." HESPEROYUCCA. Style stout; stigma not papillate. Perianth gamophyllous, tubular below, the stamens inserted in the throat. 3. SAMUELA. Perianth polyphyllous or nearly so, campanulate, the stamens inserted at the base______-------ee 4. YUCCA. Ovules 2 or 3 in each cell; flowers small, unisexual. Ovary 3-celled; fruit exalate. Ovary 1-celled ; fruit 3-winged. Perianth segments entire; leaves somewhat ribbed, the margins not prickly. 7 BEAUCARNEA. Perianth segments denticulate; leaves not ribbed, the margins usually prickly______----- 8. DASYLIRION. 1. HESPERALOE Engelm.:; S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par, 5: 497. 1871. REFERENCE: Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 29-88. pl. 1-4. 1902. Plants acaulescent or nearly so; leaves linear, with filiferous margins; inflorescence paniculate, with few branches. Flowers green, tinged with purple___----- 1. H. funifera, Flowers rosy red or salmon-colored_____._.-_.._.- 2. H. parviflora. 1. Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Trel, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 86. 1902. Yucca, funifera Koch, Belg. Hort. 12: 182. 1862. Hesperaloe davyi Baker, Kew Bull. 1898: 226. 1898. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosf; described from cultivated plants. Leaves sometimes nearly 2 meters long and 4 cm. wide; inflorescence 2 to 2.5 meters high, the flowers campanulate, about 2.5 cm. long; capsule 2.5 to 5 em. long, with large flat black seeds. “ Samandoque.” The plant is said to be planted in Nuevo Le6n for the fiber obtained from the leaves. The fiber is long and of excellent quality. It is exported as “ixtli” or “Tampico fiber.” 2. Hesperaloe parviflora (Torr.) Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 436, 1894, Yucca parviflora Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221, 1859. Aloe yuccaefolia A, Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 7: 390. 1867. Hesperaloe yuccaefolia Engelm.; 8S. Wats. in King, Geol, Expl. 40th Par, 5: 497. 1871. Southwestern Texas, the type collected between the mouth of the Pecos and the Nueces. There is little doubt that the species occurs also on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande, in Coahuila. Leaves 1 to 1.25 meters long, about 2.5 cm. wide; inflorescence 1 to 1.25 meters high; flowers about 3.5 cm. long; capsule 2.5 em. long or larger. 2. HESPEROYUCCA (Engelm.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8. 1892. REFERENCE: Trelease, Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 18: 3841. pl. 4, 5, 1902. . Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8. 1892. Yucca whipplei Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot, 222. 1859, Mountain slopes, Baja California. California; type from Pasqual. Plants acaulescent or nearly so; leaves linear, stiff, 0.3 to 1 meter long, 1.5 cm. wide, sharp-pointed, glaucous; inflorescence 2 to 5 meters high, dense, the flowers white, pendent, fragrant; capsule about 5 cm. long. -_ STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Bg The leaves are said to give a fine, strong fiber. The flowers were eaten formerly by the California Indians, and Palmer states that the seeds, also, were ground and eaten, either raw or in the form of porridge. 3. SAMUELA Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 116. 1902. Trees with thick, simple or branched trunks; leaves dagger-shaped, sharp- pointed, coarsely filiferous; flowers white, in large dense panicles. Perianth tube conic, less than 1 cm. long_______-_____________ 1. S. faxoniana. Perianth tube cylindric, 1.2 to 1.5 em. long____________ 2. S. carnerosana. 1. Samuela faxoniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 117. 1902. Western Texas (type from Sierra Blanca), and doubtless extending into Chihuahua. Trunk 1.5 to 5 meters high, 30 to 60 cm. thick, simple or with a few branches at the top; leaves 1 to 1.25 meters long, 5 to 7.5 em. wide; fruit baccate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long. 2. Samuela carnerosana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 118. 1902. Dry plains and mountain sides, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosf, and Zacatecas; type from Carneros Pass. Trunk 1.5 to 6 meters high, simple or rarely branched, 70 cm. or less in diameter; fruit 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 4 em. thick. ‘ Palma samandoca” (Coahuila, Zacatecas). The large trunks are used for fences or for the walls of houses, and some- times they are split open so that the soft interior may be eaten by stock. The large flower panicles are eaten greedily by cattle and are sometimes gathered for this purpose. The immature inflorescences are used also for human food, boiled or roasted. The leaves yield a fiber (known in Zacatecas as “palma ixtle” fiber) useful for cordage. The pulpy, sweet but somewhat bitter fruits are eaten by people as well as by wild and domestic animals. 4, YUCCA L. Sp. Pl. 319. 1753. REFERENCES: Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 27-133. pl. 1-99. 1902; op. cit. 18: 225-230. pl. 12-17. 1907. The plants of this genus are distributed nearly throughout Mexico, but are most abundant in the more arid regions east of the western Sierra Madre, where they are often the dominant feature of the landscape. Yuccas are of im- portance from an economic standpoint, although much less so than the genus Agave. The most important product is the fiber obtained from the leaves, which, however, is usually coarse and shorter than is desirable in commercial fiber. It is extracted usually in a crude fashion, and is an article of export. It may be that in time its extraction will be of considerable importance commercially. During the war-shortage of raw materials this fiber has acquired considerable value in the southwestern United States, especially that of Yueca elata. The fiber is much used locally for cordage, and it has been woven into mats and cloth by the Indians of Mexico and the United States. It is said that the cloth (“ayate’) bearing the famous likeness of Our Lady of Guadalupe is made of Yucca fiber, but this may be incorrect. ‘ The trunks of the arborescent species are often used for stockades and for walls of houses, and the leaves are used for thatching. Paper can be made from the fiber of the trunks and leaves. The plants possess the saponifying properties of the genus Agave. The roots (under the name “amole’’) are used widely for washing clothing, the hair, ete., and they have been used in the United States in the manufacture of fine 90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. toilet soap. An extract of the roots has been employed to produce foam in beverages. The plants are of some importance as forage, chiefly in times of severe drought, when cattle often eat the stiff leaves. The flower panicles are much eaten by cattle. The flowers, either in bud or just after they have opened, have long been an article of human food in Mexico and they are frequently found in the markets at the present time. They are eaten raw as a salad, or are cooked in various ways, and are sometimes made into a conserve. They are slightly bitter and are reputed to have tonic properties. The fruits of those species with baccate fruit, usually known as “ datiles,” are eaten by birds and mammals and by man. They contain much sugar but are more or less bitter. They are eaten either raw or cooked, and some of the Indians, of the United States at least, dried them for use in winter. The fruits are also fermented and sometimes distilled to produce an alcoholic beverage. Various statements are made concerning the seeds. Palmer reports that the Indians used them for food. Others state that they are purgative, while Cer- vantes says that they are useful for the treatment of dysentery. Many of the species of Yucca are used as ornamental plants, especially in arid regions. They are admirably suited for this purpose because of their showy flowers and striking palmlike appearance. Fruit dehiscent, erect. Leaves filiferous along the white margins. Plants with a_tall trunk. 1. Y. elata. Leaves minutely denticulate on the margins, not filiferous, Capsule beaked, the valves rounded on the back. Leaves about 60 cm. long; trunk about 3 meters tall______4. Y. rostrata. Leaves 20 to rarely 35 em. long; trunk 1 meter high or less. 5. Y. thompsoniana. Capsule mucronate, the valves flat on the back. Plants with a tall trunk___________-_ 2. Y. rigida. Plants acaulescent____-__________-___--- ee 3. Y. rupicola. Fruit indehiscent, baccate, pendent. Fruit without a core, the pulp purple; ovary stalked. Leaves sharply den- ticulate but not filiferous______________________________ 6. Y. aloifolia. Fruit with a papery core, the pulp greenish or whitish; ovary sessile. Leaves not filiferous_.___...-.-.-_-_______-_-__- 7. Y. elephantipes. Leaves filiferous. Margins of the leaves denticulate at first. Leaves thick and firm, often rough____-____-_-_____--_ eee 8. Y. treculeana. Margins of the leaves not denticulate. Leaves thin, flexible, smooth, the filaments slender. Leaves 2 to 4 cm. wide; trunk nearly simple______ 9. Y. schottii. Leaves 7.5 em. wide; trunk much branched______ 10. Y. jaliscensis. Leaves thick, rigid, the filaments usually coarse. Leaves usually less than 2.5 em. wide, smooth; trunk usually less than 2 meters high___.___-_-_----_--- eee 11. Y. treleasei. Leaves 2.5 cm. wide or wider, often rough; trunk usually more than 2 meters high. Leaves usually 2 to 4 cm. wide, smooth, Plants acaulescent _________________ ------- 12. Y. endlichiana, Plants with an elongate trunk. Panicles narrow, pendent___-_______--______ 13. Y. australis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 91 Panicles broad, not pendent. Leaves 15 to 23 em. long_____________-_____- 14. Y. valida. Leaves 30 to 60 ecm. long. Panicles glabrous or the pedicels puberulent. 15. Y. decipiens. Panicles tomentose____________-~------ 16. Y. periculosa. Leaves 4 to 5 cm. wide, rough, Style elongate__________________--_-_-__--_- 17. Y. macrocarpa. Style very short _-_----------------------- 18. Y. mohavensis. 1. Yucca elata Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 17, 1882, Yucca angustifolia radiosa Engelm. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 496. 1871. Yucca radiosa Trel. Rep, Mo. Bot. Gard, 3: 168. 1892. Dry plains, Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona. Trunk simple or branched, sometimes 7 meters high; leaves very numerous, usually 3 to 10 mm. wide, long and very slender, with white margins; inflores- cence glabrous; flowers white, campanulate, “ Palmilla’”’ (New Mexico). 2. Yucca rigida (Engelm.) Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard, 13: 65. 1902. Yueca rupicola rigida Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 8: 49. 1878. Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas; perhaps also in Coahuila; type from between Mapimi and Guajuquilla. Trunk simple or branched, sometimes 5 meters high; leaves thin, flat, glaucous, 30 to 60 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm, wide, rather stiff, sharp-pointed, with yellow margins; inflorescence glabrous; capsule about 5 cm. long. “ Palma San José (Zacatecas); “ palmita’”’ (Durango) ; “ palmilla.” A form with smooth, entire-margined leaves is var. inermis Trel. (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 102. 1911). 3. Yucca rupicola Scheele, Linnaea 23: 143, 1850. Western Texas and doubtless in adjacent Mexico. Plants acaulescent; leaves 30 to 50 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide, glaucous, with brown or yellowish margins; inflorescence glabrous; flowers white or greenish. A form with smooth-edged leaves is var. edentata Trel. (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 102. 1911). . 4. Yucca rostrata Engelm.; Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 68. 1902. Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Monclova, Coahuila. Trunk simple or branched 3 meters high or less, 15 to 20 cm. in diameter, the wood very soft and spongy; leaves about 1 cm. wide, somewhat glaucous, striate, rather stiff, very pungent, with yellow margins; inflorescence glabrous, 0.5 to 1 meter long, the flowers large, pendent, white, rarely tinged with purple; capsule about 5 cm, long. “Soyate” (Coahuila) ; “ palmita.” 5. Yucca thompsoniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 101. pl. 104-107. 1911. Coahuila; type from Bufatello. Western Texas. Flowering while stemless, but in age with a trunk a meter high; leaves 35 cm. long and 1 cm. wide or smaller, nearly flat, rigid, bluish or somewhat glau- cous, pungent, usually roughened on the back; flowers about 4 cm. long; fruit 4 em. long. 6. Yucca aloifolia L. Sp. Pl. 319. 1753. Yucca serrulata Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 32. 1819. Veracruz, Morelos, and Yucatén; sometimes cultivated for ornament, West Indies; Gulf coast of the United States. 126651—20——7 92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Trunk slender, branched or nearly simple, short ; leaves distributed along the stem, flat, rigid, brown-pointed; flowers creamy white, tinged with green or purple near the base; fruit baccate, nearly black, with purplish black pulp. Ramirez gives the common names as “iczotli” and “ izote.” A form with clustered trunks sometimes 7 meters high, and with tomentose inflorescence, is var. yucatana (Engelm.) Trel. (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 93. 1902; Y. yucatana Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 87. 1873). It is known only from Yucatan. 7. Yucca elephantipes Regel, Gartenflora 8: 35. 1859. Yucca guatemalensis Baker, Ref. Bot. 5: pl. 813. 1872. Veracruz, Morelos, ete., the type apparently from Veracruz. Extensively cultivated in Guatemala. Often 8 to 10 meters high, compactly branched above, the trunk from a swollen base, the bark rough; leaves 50 to 100 cm. long, 5 to 7 em. wide, green, lustrous, not at all pungent, with very slightly scabrid margin; flowers white or creamy white. “ Palmita,” “datiles” (fruits), “palma” (Veracruz) ; “itabo” (Costa Rica) ; “izote” (Veracruz, Guatemala, Honduras). Extensively cultivated, especially in Central America, as a hedge plant. The flowers are prized as an article of food, and are often found in the markets. They are usually fried with eggs. 8. Yucca treculeana Carr. Rev. Hort. 1858: 580. 1858. Yucca aspera Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858: 24. 1858. Coahuila and Durango to Tamaulipas. Texas. Trunk usually less than 5 meters high, simple or sparsely branched; leaves 0.9 to 1.25 meters long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, bluish green, thick, rough, concave, pungent, brown-margined; flowers white, sometimes tinged with purple. “Palma pita” or “palma de datiles (Tamaulipas); “palma loca” (Nuevo Leén and elsewhere). The leaves yield a coarse fiber which is used extensively. Palmer reports that the seeds are reputed purgative. The broader-leaved, larger-flowered form is var. canaliculata Trel. (Y. canaliculata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. III. 16: pl. 5201. 1860). ; 9. Yucca schottii* Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 46. 1873. Dry plains and hillsides, northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Southern Arizona and Sonora; type from Santa Cruz River, Arizona. Trunk 2 meters high or rarely larger, simple or nearly so; leaves 2 to 4 cm. wide, bluish green, smooth, thin, concave, pungent, very finely filiferous; inflorescence usually tomentose; fruit sometimes 10 em. long. 10. Yucca jaliscensis Trel., sp. nov. Yucca schottii jaliscensis Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 18: 99. 1902. Jalisco; type from Zapotlan. ‘Arthur Carl Victor Schott (1814-1875), a native of Germany, came to the United States in 1850. He was appointed a member of the scientific corps of the commission to establish the boundary between the United States and Mexico, and in the course of his work made large botanical collections. In 1864 he was commissioned by the governor of Yucatéin to make a geological survey of that State, and here, also, he secured botanical collections. The most complete representation of his Yucatén plants is in the herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, but many of his specimens are in the U. §. National Herbarium, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 93 About 8 meters high, freely branched; leaves about 75 cm. long and 7.5 ecm. wide, thin, blue-green. “ Isote.” The fiber extracted from the leaves is fine and of good quality. 11. Yucca treleasei Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 56: 15. 1918. Yucca brevifolia Schott; Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot, 221. 1859. as synonym. Not Y. brevifolia Engelm, 1871. Region of Nogales, Arizona (the type locality), and doubtless in adjacent Sonora. Trunk 2.5 meters high or less, or often wanting; leaves about 75 cm. long, usually 2 to 3 cm. wide, green, smooth, thick and stiff, falcate, the margins freely filiferous. 12. Yucca endlichiana Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 18: 229. 1907. Coahuila; type from Marte. Acaulescent ; leaves about 50 cm, long and 1.5 cm. wide, erect, fleshy, V-shaped, smooth, pungent, bluish green, finely filiferous; flowers creamy white or pur- plish, about 1.5 cm. long; fruit pendent, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, with thin flesh. “ Pitilla.” The leaves furnish fiber of excellent quality; it is considered superior to that of “ lechuguilla.” 13. Yucca australis (Engelm.) Trel. Rep, Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 162. 1892. Yucca baccata australis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 44. 18738. Coahuila (type locality) to Tamaulipas and Querétaro, perhaps extending to the Distrito Federal; often forming forests. . Large, much branched tree, sometimes 10 meters high or more; leaves about 30 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, or sometimes larger, green, stiff, coarsely filifer- ous; inflorescence pendent, glabrous; flowers creamy white. “Palma” (San Luis Potosi and elsewhere) ; “ palma corriente”’ (Querétaro) ; “ izote” (Valley of Mexico, perhaps only cultivated there). Known also in various localities as “palma de San Pedro” and “palma samandoca” or “palma samondoca.” The hollowed trunks are used sometimes for beehives. The leaves give a fiber useful for cordage, and the fiber is sometimes dipped in pitch to make torches for use in mines. The young stems and leaves have been distilled to obtain alcohol. The spongy interior of the trunk is cut into long strips, beaten flat, washed in running water, and made into mats which are used as pads (“sudaderos”’) for pack animals. The fiber forms a part of the exported “ixtle” or “Tampico fiber.” 14. Yucca valida T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 208. pl. 11. 1889. Southern Baja California. Usually 4.5 to 6 meters high, branched, the trunks 20 to 60 cm. or more in diameter ; leaves distributed along the stem, 15 to 28 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, thin, smooth, with whitish threads; panicle somewhat pubescent, not pendent; flowers creamy white. 15. Yucca decipiens Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 228. 1907. Durango to San Luis Potos{; type from Gutiérrez, Zacatecas. Arborescent, 8 to 10 meters high, much branched above, the trunk sometimes 2 meters thick, covered with very rough bark; leaves 30 to 60 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, heavily pointed, finely or coarsely filiferous; panicles about 1.5 meters long, not pendent, glabrous or puberulent; flowers creamy white, 3 to 4 em. long; fruit pendent, 6 to8 cm. long. “ Palma” (Durango) ; “palma china” (Zacatecas, etc.). 16. Yucca periculosa Baker, Gard. Chron. 1870: 1088. 1870. Yucca circinata Baker, Gard. Chron. 1870: 1088. 1870. 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Puebla and probably in Oaxaca and Veracruz; described from cultivated plants, from Tehuacfn, Puebla. Sometimes 6 meters high, with few branches, slender, with rather smooth bark; leaves 35 to 50 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, short-pointed, finely and abundantly filiferous, with brown threads; panicle about a meter long, tomen- tose, the flowers creamy white. . 17. Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 202. 1893. Yucea baccata macrocarpa Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859. Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type from plains near the Limpio, Texas. Usually 3 to 5 meters high, but often lower, simple, or with few short, branches; leaves 50 to 100 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, usually rough, pungent, yellowish green, coarsely filiferous; panicle glabrous or somewhat pubescent, the flowers creamy white, 4 em. long; fruit 7.5 to 10 em. long. “ Palma criolla ” (Chihuahua, Texas) ; “palma” (New Mexico). The ‘leaves are used extensively by the Indians of southern New Mexico for making baskets. 18. Yucca mohavensis Sarg. Gard. & For. 9: 104. 1896. ? Yucca schidigera Roezl, Belg. Hort. 1880: 51. 1880. Dry plains, Baja California. California to Arizona; type from the Mohave Desert. Sometimes 4.5 meters high but usually lower, simple or with few short branches, the trunk 20 cm. or less in diameter; leaves 45 to 80 em. long, about 4 cm. wide, smooth; panicles 30 to 45 cm. long, the flowers 2.5 to 4 em. long, white, often tinged with purple; fruit 7.5 to 10 cm. long, yellowish, becoming purplish or black; wood porous, light brown, the specific gravity about 0.27. 5. NOLINA Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 208. 1803. REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 412-426. 1911. Plants acaulescent or with well-developed trunks; leaves linear, often rough on the margins; flowers very small, whitish, paniculate; fruit papery, contain- ing 3 globose seeds. ° It is said that the trunks are sometimes roasted and the interior portion eaten. The leaves are very tough and useful for thatching, brooms, baskets, coarse hats, mats, ete. Their fiber is used locally for cordage and enters some- what into the cordage materials of the United States. ; In Durango (and probably elsewhere) the various species are known as “zacate cortador,” “ zacate de armazén,” “ zacate de aparejo,” and “ palmila.” In the United States the name “ bear-grass ” is applied. Leaves 15 to 40 mm. wide, usually not ‘brushlike at the tip; bracts usually papery,-often showy. Plants treelike. Pedicels scarcely half as long as the fruit; leaves rather thick. 13. N. bigelovii. Pedicels nearly or quite as long as the fruit; leaves rather thin. Leaves 3 to 4 em. wide______-_--____________-- 14. N. nelsoni. Leaves 1.5 to 3 em. wide. Primary divisions of the inflorescence about 50 cm. long; leaves glauces- cent_______-__-___------------------------------- 15. N. beldingi. Primary division of the inflorescence 25 to 30 em. long; leaves green. Leaves spreading or erect____.___---______-_________ 16. N. parviflora. Leaves drooping_____--_-_--/ -- 5 eee 17. N. longifolia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 95 Leaves 2 to 12 mm. wide, frequently brushlike at the tip; bracts not very showy. Leaves thin and grasslike, usually 3 to 5 mm. wide, rather flat, usually not brushlike at the tip. Pedicels slender, equaling or exceeding the fruit; bracts not imbricate. Inflorescence 30 em. long, the branches short--_----------- 1. N. pumila. Inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long, the branches stout, stiff__.2. N. juncea. Pedicels stout, about half as long as the fruit; bracts imbricate. Leaves 2 to 3 mm. wide; inflorescence 15 cm. long_------- 3. N. humilis. Leaves 5 mm. wide; inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long_----- 4, N. watsoni. Leaves thick, 2 to 12 mm. wide, concave, keeled on one or both surfaces, often brushlike at the tip. Fruit somewhat inflated, the seed not protruding. Leaves 4 to 5 mm. wide; lower branches of the panicle much longer than the bracts_______--____---------------------------- 12. N. rigida. Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide; lower branches of the panicle about as long as the bracts. Fruit shorter than the pedicels, 6 to 7 mm. wide__10. N. durangensis. Fruit about as long as the pedicels, 7 to 10 mm, wide. Divisions of the inflorescence 15 to 45 cm. long; leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide____-_ Woe eee === === 9. N. microcarpa. Divisions of the inflorescence 10 to 15 em. long; leaves 12 mm. wide. 11. N. elegans. Fruit not inflated, the seed early protruding. Inflorescence essentially smooth; pedicels slender__------ 8. N. palmeri. Inflorescence roughened in lines; pedicels stout in fruit. Lower panicle divisions as long as the bracts_------_- 6. N. erumpens. Lower panicle divisions shorter than the bracts. Branchlets of the lower panicle divisions short, stiff, spreading. 7. N. cespitifera. Branchlets of the lower panicle divisions weak, finally ascending. 5.-N. affinis. 1. Nolina pumila Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb, 10: 92. 1906. Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre near Santa Teresa, Tepic. Plants acaulescent; leaves 20 to 30 cm, long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, with serrulate margins; inflorescence about 30 cm. long. 2, Nolina juncea (Zucc.) Macbride, Contr, Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 16. 1918. Dasylirion junceum Zuce. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 19: 19, 1845. Dasylirion hartwegianum Zuce. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 19: 21. 1845, nomen nudum. Nolina hartwegiana Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer, Bot. 3: 371. 1884. Known only from Zacatecas, the type locality. Leaves 3 to 4 mm. wide; inflorescence 25 to 50 cm. long. 3. Nolina humilis S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 14: 248. 1879. Known only from the original collection, from the region of San Luis Potosi. Acaulescent ; leaves 60 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, with very rough margins; inflorescence 15 cm. long. 4, Nolina watsoni (Baker) Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 872. 1884. Beaucarnea watsoni Baker, Journ, Linn, Soc. Bot. 18: 236. 1880. San Luis Potosi. Leaves 5 mm. wide, with very rough margins; inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long. 5. Nolina affinis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 417. 191. Nolina caudata Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 417. 1911. é 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Chihuahua and Sonora, on mesas and stony hills; type from near the city of Chihuahua. Southern Arizona. Leaves 3 to 4 mm. wide, sometimes with smooth margins. ‘“ Palmilla ” (Chihuahua), , Leaves used in Chihuahua for making hats. The young leaves are eaten by goats, 6. Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 248. 1879. Dasylirion erumpens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 216. 1859. Chihuahua. Western Texas (type locality). Leaves usually 6 to 10 mm. wide, with rough or rarely smooth edges. 7. Nolina cespitifera Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 419, 1911. Coahuila; type from Buena. Vista. Leaves 6 to 10 mm. wide, rough-edged. 8. Nolina palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 248, 1879. In canyons, Baja California; type from Tantillas Mountains. Acaulescent; leaves 8 to 10 mm. wide, rough-edged. The roots (“amole”’) are said to be used as a substitute for soap. Nolina palmeri brandegeei Trel. (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 420. 1911) isa form With the trunk up to 5 meters high. 9. Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879. Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona (type from Rock Canyon) and New Mexico. Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide, rough-edged. 10, Nolina durangensis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 421. 1911. Chihuahua and Durango; type from the city of Durango. About 2 meters high; leaves 7 to 11 or even 20 mm. wide, rough-margined. “ Soyate” (Durango). 11. Nolina elegans Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 91. 1906. Known only from the Sierra Madre of Zacatecas. Leaves 50 to 60 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, rough-margined. 12. Nolina rigida (Brongn.) Trel. Proc, Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 422, 1906. Anatis rigida Brongn, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840. Known only from a drawing of Sessé and Mocifio,’ believed to represent a Mexican plant. Leaves about 10 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide. 13. Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879. Dasylirion bigelovii Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 151, 1957. Dry mesas and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California. California and Ari- zona; type from Bill Williams Fork, Arizona. Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, the margin shredding into brown fibers, 14. Nolina nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 92. 1906. Known only from the type locality, mountains near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. Trunk 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 50 to 70 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, rough- margined ; inflorescence 2 to 3.5 meters high. 15. Nolina beldingi T. S. Brandeg, Zoe 1: 305. 1890. Baja California; type from mountains of the Cape Region. . Trunk 3 to 7.5 meters high, branched; Teaves 1.5 to 2 em. wide. Nolina beldingi deserticola Trel, (Proc. Amer, Phil Soc, 50: 424. 1911) is a nearly acaulescent form. * Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: pl. 17, 1911. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 97 16. Nolina parviflora (H. B. K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 3: 372. 1884. Cordyline parvifiora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 268, 1815. Roulinia humboldtiana Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 820. 1840, Nolina altamiranoa Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, 29: 438, 1905. Veracruz, Puebla, and Mexico; type from between Hauhtitlin and Tane- pantla. Trunk 2 to 4 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide. 17. Nolina longifolia (Schult.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 3: 372, 1884. Yucca longifolia Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1715. 1830. Roulinia karwinskiana Brongn. Ann. Sci Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San José del Oro. Trunk 2 to 3 meters high, swollen at the base, sparsely branched at the top; leaves very long, recurved over the trunk, 2 to 3 cm. wide. 6. CALIBANUS Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906. 1. Calibanus hookerii (Lem.) Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 426. 1911. Dasylirion hookerii Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 6: Mise. 24. 1859. Dasylirion caespitosum Scheidw. Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd, Gartenb. 4: 286. 1861. Calibanus caespitosus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906. Hidalgo and San Luis Potosf; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. A very curious and remarkable plant, the trunk subglobose, 30 to 100 cm. in diameter, resembling a puffball, attached to the soil by small roots, the interior loosely spongy, the exterior covered with dark corky bark like that of some oaks; leaves 30 to 90 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, appearing in clusters here and there over the trunk, pale green, serrulate; flowers dioecious, purplish, very small, arranged in panicles 10 to 20 em. long and 10 cm. broad. 7. BEAUCARNEA Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 8: Misc. 57. 1861. REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 427-431. 1911; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 87-89. pl. 23. 1906. Treelike plants, the trunks sometimes 10 meters high, more or less swollen at the base; leaves long, linear; flowers small, whitish, panicled. The leaves are used for the same purposes as those of Dasylirion and Nolina. Leaves with papillose grooves and rough margins, firm, more or less concave, keeled, pale or glaucous; fruit short-pedicellate. Leaves 8 to 15 mm. wide; seeds 4 to 5 mm, long_----------- 5. B. stricta. Leaves 4 to 7 mm. wide; seeds 3 mm. long_----------------- 6. B. gracilis. Leaves with smooth grooves and nearly smooth margins, thin, nearly flat, green; fruit long-pedicellate. Leaves 1.5 to 2 meters long __________--------------------- 1. B. recurvata. Leaves 1 meter long or shorter. Fruit 18 to 20 mm. long_____--------~------------------ 4. B. goldmanii. Fruit 10 to 15 mm. long. Perianth segments scarcely 2 mm. long___--------------- 2. B. inermis. Perianth segments 3 mm. long__--_---------.------------ 3. B. pliabilis. 1. Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Il. Hort. Lem. 8: Misc. 61. 1861. Beaucarnea tuberculata Roezl, Belg. Hort. 33: 138. 1883. Nolina recurvata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 372. 1884. Dasylirion recurvatum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17. 1918. Veracruz. Trunk openly branched; leaves 1.5 to 2 meters long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, 4 98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Beaucarnea inermis (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 88. 1906. Dasylirion inerme 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 157, 1891. San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Las Palmas, San Luis Potosf. Tree, openly branched, sometimes 13 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters in diameter, this covered with hard scaly black bark; leaves 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide. “Soyate ” or “zoyate” (San Luis Potosf) ; “palma culona” (San Luis Potosf, Ramirez), The soft spongy wood is used for corks, 3. Beaucarnea pliabilis (Baker) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 89. 1906. Dasylirion pliabile Baker, Journ, Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 240. 1880. Yucatén; type from Sisal. Leaves 1.5 cm. wide. 4. Beaucarnea goldmanii' Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 261. 1909. Known only from the type locality, San Vicente, Chiapas, Tall slender tree with swollen base, the trunk covered with thick, deeply furrowed bark; leaves 80 to 90 em. long, 1 to 1.5 cm, wide, erect or reflexed ; panicles 30 to 50 em. long. 5. Beaucarnea stricta Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 8: Misc. 61. 1861. Beaucarnea glauca Roezl, Belg, Hort. 33: 138. 1883. Beaucarnea purpusi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 89. 1906. Dasylirion strictum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17, 1918. Puebla and Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants. Tree, 6 to 8 meters high, the trunk moderately swollen at the base, covered with the old leaves; leaves about 60 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, with yellowish margins. “Izote” (Oaxaca). . 6. Beaucarnea gracilis Lem. Il. Hort, Lem, 8: Mise. 61. 1861. Beaucarnea oedipus Rose, Contr. U. 8, Nat. Herb. 10: 88. pl. 23, 1906. Dasylirion gracile Macbride, Contr, Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17. 1918. Puebla; described from cultivated plants. Tree, 6 to 12 meters high, with stout branches, the trunk enormously swollen at the base and 2 to 7 meters in circumference; leaves 25 to 50 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, glaucous, 8. DASYLIRION Zuce. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 258, 1888. REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 431-441. 1911. Acaulescent or arborescent plants; leaves linear, usually with very spiny mar- gins, the bases much broadened ; flowers small, whitish, paniculate. The plants grow mostly on dry, rocky mesas gr hillsides and are often very abundant and conspicuous. The trunks are used frequently for building houses and for fuel. When one of the plants, covered with the dead leaves, is set on fire it will burn for some time, and the burned stumps are a familiar sight in regions where the plants occur. The leaf bases remaining on such burned plants, when removed from the trunk, make very satisfactory beds upon camp- ing expeditions, for they are elastic and not uncomfortably hard. The trunks are often split open to permit cattle to eat the spongy interior, for this, as well as the leaf bases, contains much sugar and has been found to be an excellent *Named for E. A. Goldman (1873—), of the Bureau of Biological Survey, U. S. Department of Agriculture, who has engaged in biological exploration of nearly all parts of Mexico. He has obtained a large collection of botanical material, which is deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium. Mr. Goldman has published a valuable paper dealing with the plants of Baja California (Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb, 16: 309-871. pl. 104-133. 1916), STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ~ 99 food for cattle, especially in time of drought. In New Mexico and western Texas the plants have been used on a large scale for this purpose, often after having been transported by railroad. The plants were formerly much used for food by the natives of the arid regions, and are still so used to some extent. The leaves are trimmed off and the remaining head is roasted or boiled and the sweet pith and leaf bases then eaten. The heads are often baked for about 24 hours in pits dug in the ground. The roasted trunks are also allowed to ferment and then distilled to obtain a highly esteemed intoxicating drink known as “sotol,” which is a colorless liquor of penetrating odor and peculiar taste. Alcohol has been extracted from sotol plants upon a commercial scale. The leaves are much used for thatching, baskets, rough hats, mats, ete., and their fiber for rough cordage. The fiber seems to be suitable for the manufac- ture of paper. Most of the species are known generally under the name “ sotol.” Leaves 4-sided, unarmed______-___---------------------- 16. D. longissimum. Leaves 2-edged, flattened or concave, with prickly margins. Fruit large (8 to 9 mm. wide), the style longer than the wings. 15. D. berlandieri. Fruit small or, if large, the style not exceeding the wings. Fruit 3 to 5 mm. wide. Fruit with a very shallow notch at the apex, broadly elliptic, the style equaling or slighly exceeding the wings. Prickles of the leaves antrorse, Leaves 10 to 15 mm. wide. Inflorescence much branched. 6. D. texanum. Leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide. Leaves about 1 meter long_.---------------------- 7. D. simplex. Leaves 40 to 50 em. long_---------------------- 8. D, longistylum. Fruit with a rather deep notch, narrowly elliptic to obovate, the style not surpassing the wings. Leaves usually 15 to 20 em, wide. Prickles of the leaves mostly retrorse__------------ 5. D. leiophyllum. Prickles of the leaves mostly antrorse. Leaves 25 mm. wide or more____-__~---------------- 3. D. palmeri. Leaves 10 to 20 mm. wide. Leaves about 0.5 meters long, dull; style nearly equaling the wings. 4, D. parryanum. Leaves about 1 meter long; style half as long as the wings. Leaves dull, glaucous___-------------------- 1. D. cedrosanum. . Leaves lustrous, not glaucous__--_-------------- 2. D. lucidum. Fruit 6 to 8 mm, wide, the style not exceeding the wings. Prickles all or mostly antrorse. Leaves not with brushy tips, glaucous__---------- 9. D. glaucophyllum, Leaves with more or less brushy tips. Leaves 1 ecm, wide or narrower__-~---------------- 10. D. acrotriche. Leaves mostly 1.5 em. wide or wider, rarely only 1.2 cm. wide. Wings of the fruit truncate at the apex, with a very narrow notch ; leaves rough _____----------------------- 13. D. serratifolium. Wings of the fruit rounded or obtuse at the apex, with a broad notch ; leaves smooth or nearly so. Leaves about 1.2 cm. wide__-------------- 11. D. graminifolium. ‘Leaves 1.5 to 2 cm. wide. Style scarcely half as long as the wings----- 12. D. durangense. Style about as long as the wings_____---------- 14. D. wheeleri. 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel, Proc, Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 481. 1911. Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Cedros, Zacatecas. Trunk 1 to 15 meters high; leaves 2 em. wide, glaucous; inflorescence 5 meters high. 2. Dasylirion lucidum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906. Puebla; type from Tehuacin, Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1 to 1.7 cm. wide, smooth and lustrous; inflorescence 2 to 3 meters high. 3. Dasylirion palmeri Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 432. 1911. Known only from the type locality, San Lorenzo Canyon, Coahuila. Plants 2.5 to 8 meters high; leaves about 1 meter long, green or slightly glaucous, smooth, dull. “ Sotol.” The leaves, deprived of the spines, are used for making brooms. 4. Dasylirion parryanum’ Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 432, 1911. San Luis Potosi, the type from the vicinity of San Luis Potosf. Leaves dull, minutely roughened. 5. Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm.; Trel. Proc. Amer, Phil. Soc. 50: 483. 1911. Chihuahua. New Mexico and western Texas; type from Presidio, Texas, Stem short; leaves about 1 meter long, green or glaucescent, smooth, rather lustrous. 6. Dasylirion texanum Scheele, Linnaea 23: 140. 1850. Dasylirion teranum aberrans Trel. Proc. Amer, Phil. Soc. 50: 484, 1911. ‘Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n. Texas; type from New Braunfels. Trunk very short or subterranean ; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, green, lus- trous ; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high. “ Sotol ” (Texas). 7. Dasylirion simplex Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 434. 1911. Durango; type from Tepehuanes. Plants 1.5 meters high; leaves about a meter tone, green, smooth, lustrous. ** Sotol.” The leaves are employed for making baskets, and for the “sopladores” used to fan charcoal fires. 8. Dasylirion longistylum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 16. 1918. Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosf. Leaves 5 to 7 mm. wide, glaucous-green, smooth, the margin with large remote teeth; fruit 5 mm. wide. 9. Dasylirion glaucophyllum Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. II. 14: pl. 5041. 1858. Dasylirion glaucum Carr. Rey. Hort. 44: 435. 1872. Known in, Mexico only from the type locality, Real del Monte, Hidalgo; also in cultivation in Europe. Trunk short; leaves 1 meter long or longer, about 1.2 cm. wide, dull; inflores- cence 4 to 6 meters high. 10. Dasylirion acrotriche (Schiede) Zuce. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 16: 226. 1840. ~‘ *Named for C. C. Parry (1823-1890), at one time botanist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who made extensive collections of plants in the United States, especially in the Rocky Mountains. In 1878, in company with Edward Palmer, he collected a large series of Mexican plants, chiefly in the State of San Luis Potosf. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 101 Yueca acrotricha Schiede, Linnaea 4: 230, 1829. Roulinia gracilis Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. IT. 14: 320, 1840. San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Querétaro; type from Mount Orizaba. Trunk 1 meter high or more; leaves less than 1 meter long, 6 to 10 or rarely 15 mm. wide, green or glaucescent; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high or larger. “ Cucharilla ” (San Luis Potosi, Urbina). 11. Dasylirion graminifolium Zucc. Allg. Gartenz, 6: 259, 1833. San Luis Potosf{; described from cultivated plants. Leaves about 1 meter long, green, smooth, lustrous. 12. Dasylirion durangense Trel. Proc. Amer, Phil. Soc. 50: 438. 1911. Known only from Durango, the type locality. Leaves 1 meter long or shorter, glaucescent, 13. Dasylirion serratifolium (Schult.) Zuce. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 258. 1838. Yucca serratifolia Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1716. 1830. Dasylirion laxiforum Baker, Journ. Bot, Brit. & For. 10: 299. 1872. Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants. Plants subacaulescent; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, whitish. 14. Dasylirion wheeleri S, Wats.; Rothr, in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 378. 1878. Dasylirion wheeleri wislizeni Trel. Proc, Amer. Phil, Soc. 50: 439. 1911. Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona (type from Ash Creek). Trunk 1 meter high or less; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, glaucous or green, nearly smooth; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high. 15. Dasylirion berlandieri’ S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 249, 1879. Known only from the type locality, La Silla, Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, The leaves of this species have not been collected, 16. Dasylirion longissimum Lem. II]. Hort. Lem. 3: Misc. 91. 1856. Dasytirion quadrangulatum S, Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 14: 250, 1879. Dasylirion juncifolium Rehnelt, Gartenwelt 11: 77. 1906. Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; described from cultivated plants. Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves sometimes 2 meters long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, green, dull; inflorescence 2 to 6 meters high. “Junquillo” (Querétaro, Hidalgo). 11. SMILACACEAE. Smilax Family. 1. SMILAX L. Sp. Pl. 1028. 1753. REFERENCE: A, De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 1-213. 1878. Scandent shrubs; rhizomes often tuberiferous; stems often armed with spines; leaves alternate, usually persistent, palmately nerved, the petiole often tendril-bearing ; flowers small, dioecious, umbellate, the umbels axillary; fruit a small globose berry. The species of catbrier, greenbrier, or horsebrier, because of their spiny stems, often form almost impenetrable thickets. 1In honor of Jean Luis Berlandier, a Belgian, who made extensive collections between 1827 and 1830 in northeastern Mexico, especially in Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, Nuevo Le6n, and Coahuila. The larger portion of his botanical collections was obtained in Texas. He died at Matamoros in 1851. His plants were widely distributed, and some of them are in the U. S. National Herbarium. 102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves and branches copiously pilose; flowers usually tomentose. Peduncles longer than the petioles. Leaves copiously pilose, oval to ovate, deeply cordate at the base, obtuse or rounded and apiculate at the apex__..__. 1. S. mollis. Leaves glabrate, deltoid, subcordate at the base, long-acuminate at the apex. 2. S, purpusii. Peduncles equaling or usually shorter than the petioles. Sheaths about one-fifth as long as the petioles or shorter. 3. S. tomentosa. Sheaths one-fourth to half as long as the petioles______ 4. S. subpubescens. Leaves and branches glabrous or nearly so; flowers glabrous. Staminate flowers small, 1.5 to 2 or rarely 3 mm. long; anthers equaling or $e 5. S. mexicana, Staminate flowers large, 2.5 to 8 mm. long; anthers usually shorter than the filaments. Peduncles at anthesis shorter than the petioles______6. S. domingensis. Peduncles at anthesis longer than or equaling the petioles. Leaves glaucous beneath Leaves green beneath. Peduncles about 5.5 em. long, 5 to 6 times as long as the petiole. Fruit ~------ +e 7, S. glauca. red____--- ++ 8. S. erythrocarpa. Peduncles rarely over 2 em. long. Pedicels half as long as the flowers___..._ 9. S. densiflora. Pedicels equaling or much longer than the flowers. Leaves denticulate__.--------- 10. S. moranensis. Leaves entire. Fruit red__---_--_--_-ee 11. S. medica. Fruit black. Younger branches with numerous stout spines; leaf blades more or less triangular, nearly or quite as broad as long. 12. S. bona-nox. Younger branches unarmed or with few slender spines; leaf blades not triangular, usually twice as broad as long. 13. S. cordifolia. 1. Smilax mollis Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 785, 1806. Smilar pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 567. 1899. Morelos to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Leaves lanceolate to broadly cordate-oval, 8 to 15 em. long, acute or abruptly short-pointed, 5 or 7-nerved ; umbels long-pedunculate. “ Bejuco de chiquihuite ” (Tabasco) ; ‘zarzaparrilla”’ (Veracruz, Ramtrez). 2. Smilax purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 117. 1915. Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Leaves coriaceous, 5 to 10 em. long, reticulate-veined, usually 7-nerved; umbels often racemose. 3. Smilax tomentosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 272. 1815. Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type from Santa Fé, Colombia. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate to lanceolate, sometimes as much as 25 em. long and 20 cm. wide, acute or acuminate; umbels densely many-flowered. 4. Smilax subpubescens A, DC. in DC. Monogr, Phan. 1: 69, 1878, Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Orizaba, Veracruz. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 103 Scandent over shrubs and trees in woods; leaves ovate or ovate-oval, 7 to 13 em. long, cordate at the base, short-pointed, lustrous. “ Zarz6én” (Tamaulipas), Specimens referred by De Candolle to S. candelariae A. DC.’ belong here perhaps. 5. Smilax mexicana Griseb.; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 167. 1850. Smilax obtusa Benth, Bot. Voy. Sulph. 175. 1844. Smilax costaricae Vatke, Linnaea 40: 223. 1876. Smilax gaumerii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 357. 1898. Sinaloa to Guerrero, Yucatfin, and Tamaulipas. Central America. Seandent shrub with angulate branches; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate- oval, 5 to 17 em. long, lustrous; umbels on long or short peduncles; fruit black. “Bejuco de chiquihuite ” (Tabasco) ; “ejuco diente-de-perro,” “ zarza” (Gue- rrero) ; “xcoché” (Yucatéin, Maya); “ zarzén*’ (Costa Rica). The species has been reported from Mexico as S. cumanensis Willd. The leaves are very variable in shape, as in most species of the genus. 6. Smilax domingensis Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 783. 1806. Smilax schlechtendalii Kunth, Enum. Pl, 5: 224. 1850. Smilax domingensis microscola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 323. 1900. Veracruz, Puebla, Tabasco, and Chiapas. West Indies; type from Santo Domingo. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 7 to 15 cm. long, thick, lustrous, acute to long- acuminate. “Alcacatza” (Puebla); “chiquihuite” (Tabasco); “bejuco de membrillo,” ‘ dunguey,” “ dunguez blanco” (Porto Rico). 7. Smilax glauca Walt. Fl. Carol. 245, 1788. ? Smilax jalapensis Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 451. 1844. Smilax discolor Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 454. 1844. Veracruz. Eastern United States; type from the Carolinas. Stems terete, armed with stout scattered prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acute or rounded at the apex, usually truncate at the base; fruit bluish black. 8. Smilax erythrocarpa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 234. 1850. Described from Mexico; reported from the Valley of Mexico. Branches terete, armed with short straight prickles or unarmed ; leaves ovate- oblong, 8 to 10 em. long, acutish at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base. 9. Smilax densiflora A. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 88. 1878. Described from Toluca, Mexico; reported also from ‘San Miguel.” Stems terete, unarmed; leaves ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 5 or 7-nerved, acuminate at the apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base. 10. Smilax moranensis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9°: 389. 1842. Veracruz and Hidalgo, and probably elsewhere; type from Moran, Hidalgo. Stems terete, aculeate; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 5 or 7-nerved, acuminate; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. According to De Candolle, this is the ‘‘ mecapatli” of Hernandez. 11. Smilax medica Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 47. 1831. Veracruz and San Luis Potosf; type from Papantla, Veracruz; reported from Tamaulipas. Stems angulate, unarmed or sparsely prickly ; rhizome slender, striate, covered with whitish or purplish bark; leaves ovate or oblong, 10 to 20 em. long, often lobate, 7 or 9-nerved, entire, sometimes prickly beneath; fruit 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. “Zarzaparrilla,” ‘ nanahuapatle,” “ quauhmecapatli,” ‘ quaumeca- 1¥n DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 70. 1878. 104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. pati,” “zarza,” “zarzaparrilla de Tulancingo,” “zarzaparrilla de la sierra.” “mecapatli” (Ramtrez). The species of Smilaz which furnish the Sarsaparilla of commerce are very imperfectly known, but this species is believed to be one of the chief sources of the drug. The Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana states that this is the only species of Eastern Mexico whose rhizomes are employed medicinally. and Smilax medica is one of the official sources of sarsaparilla according to the U. S. Phar- macopoea. Not much dependence can be placed upon either of these state- ments, however, because the species are poorly known, and the rhizomes have not been associated with botanical specimens of the plants which produce them. ‘ The rhizomes are dug at any time o€ the year and dried in the sun. They contain a crystalline principle, parillin, upon which their virtues depend. This has sudorific and stimulant properties. Sarsaparilla was introduced into Spain about 1540, and was widely used as a remedy for venereal diseases. It is still employed for the same purpose, and for rheumatism, scrofulous diseases, and some cutaneous affections. It is widely employed also for flavoring beverages. Large amounts of sarsaparilla have been and still are exported from Mexico, It is said that the rhizome, of a ‘fern, known as “zarzaparilla de Tierra Caliente,” is sometimes used as an adulterant. 12. Smilax bona-nox IL. Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753. Veracruz. Eastern United States; West Indies. Stems angulate, prickly or unarmed; leaves lanceolate to broadly deltoid- ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, sometimes lobate, 5 to 9-nerved, acute, often denticulate. “Mecapatli, zarzaparrilla” (Ramirez). 13, Smilax cordifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 778. 1806. ? Smilax acutifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 449. 1844. ? Smilax invenusta Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 234. 1850. Smilax schiedeana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 236. 1850. Veracruz and Tabasco to Oaxaca and Colima; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Stems subterete or angulate, unarmed or sparsely prickly; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 6 to 12 em. Jong, acute or acuminate, 5 to 9-nerved, usually. more or less cordate at the base. ‘“ Cocolmecan,” “ cozolmécatl,” “ olcacatzin ” (Vera- cruz, Ramirez); “pacas” (Tarascan, Herrera) ; “ cocolmeca,” “raiz de china ” (Ramirez) ; “méoga” (Otomf, Ramirez). ; This species has been reported from Mexico as 8. pseudochina L. It is said to be used in medicine like S. medica. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SMILAX ARISTOLOCHIAEFOLIA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Smilar no. 7. 1768. Smilax milleri Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 599. 1841. Described from Veracruz. SMiLax Borrerr A. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 89. 1878. Described from Veracruz. Perhaps the same as 8S. cordifolia. SMILAx cocnaTa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 175. 1850. Described from Mexico, but probably rather a native of Brazil. SMILAX GLAUCOCARPOS Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 450. 1844. Described from Ha- cienda del Carmen and Mineral del Monte. Related, according to De Candolle. to S. mexicana or S. moranensis. SMILAX HAVANENSIS Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 33. 1760. Native of the West Indies; reported from Mexico by De Candolle, perhaps erroneously. SMILAX MULTIFLORA Mart. & Gal. Bull, Acad. Brux. 97: 390. 1842. Described from Chinantla, Oaxaca. SMILAX SPINOSA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Smilax no. 8. 1768. Described from Veracruz. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 105 12. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family.* (Contributed by Dr. William Trelease. ) Plants usually herbs, often from bulbs as in the Liliaceae, from which they differ chiefly in their inferior ovary; in the warmer parts of America repre- sented by the following monocarpic genera, some species of which produce a trunk, while the flower clusters of all are borne on more or less woody stalks that are sometimes tall and much branched, Perianth segments distinct; filaments swollen at base; style base dilated and 3-angled ; seed not lifted from the soil in germination___.1. FURCRAEA. Perianth more or less tubular at base; filaments and style not swollen; seed raised on the cotyledon in germination_______-_-_»____ 2. AGAVE. 1. FURCRAEA Vent. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1: 65, 1793. REFERENCES: J. G. Baker, Handbook of the Amaryllideae 198-203. 1888; Trelease, Observations on Fureraea, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 905-916. pl. 35-48. 1910; Drummond, Rep, Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 25-75. pl. 1-4. 1907. The name is often written Fourcroya (Spreng. 1817) or Furcroea (Haw. 1819). The leaves contain an excellent fiber resembling Sisal hemp, and variously called “ pita” or “ cabulla,” but this is little exploited except for the Mauritius hemp, derived from the Brazilian F. gigantea. Leaves denticulate but never toothed, finely striate-ridged. Leaves over 1 meter long; panicle very large. SERRULATAE. Trunk tall (15 meters). Leaves concave and rather stiff_.__.1. F. longaeva. Trunk moderate (1 to 2 meters tall). Leaves rather concave, long (2 meters), often recurved______ 2. F. roezlii. Leaves rather flat, short and stiff, very glaucous, Leaves short, 50 to 60 cm. long; flowers 4 cm. long___3. F. bedinghausi. Leaves twice as long; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long_________ 4, F. quicheensis. Leaves neither denticulate nor striate, often horny-toothed. TWuFURCRAEA. Leaves 5 to 8 cm. wide. Leaves narrow (5 to 6 em. wide), straight between the short teeth. 5. F. cahum. Leaves moderate (7 to 8 cm. wide), the margin concave between the teeth. 6. F. melanodonta. Leaves broad (10 to 20 cm.). Leaves with numerous marginal red-brown teeth. Plants with a trunk sometimes 2 meters tall; leaves mostly entire above the middle_____-_____-___--____ ee 7. F. selloa. Plants mostly acaulescent; leaves usually toothed throughout. Teeth rather short (3 mm. long) and close together (10 to 30 mm. apart) ; bulbils round-ovoid__ _--- 8. F. guatemalensis. Teeth longer (5 to 7 mm. long) and more separated (30 to 60 mm. apart) ; bulbils elongate ---- - -__-9. F. cabuya. Leaves unarmed, otherwise as in no 9_.__-________ _9a. F. cabuya integra. * Fifteen Mexican species of Agave, not considered in this account, are char- acterized by Mr. Alwin Berger in “ Die Agaven,” published in 1915 but through the exigencies of the war not received until after the present account was in page proof.—WuM. TRELEASE. 106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Furcraea longaeva Zucc. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol, 167: 665. 1833. Oaxaca; type from Mount Tanga. Also in adjacent Guatemala. A tall unbranched monocarpic tree, finally surmounted by a gigantic panicle 5 _meters long or more. ‘“ Yahuindayasi” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko). 2. Furcraea roezlii Baker, Amaryll. 203. 1888. Fourcroya roezlii André, Rey. Hort. 59: 353. 1887. Furcraea longa Smith, Teysmannia, 7: 131. 1897. Pachuca, Hidalgo; described from plants cultivated in Europe; type locality sometimes said to be near Juquila, Oaxaca, but this report probably refers to the preceding species. A short-trunked plant, finally with panicle of equal length, the leaves characteristically sweeping the ground. Much cultivated in warm regions under the garden names of Agave argy- rophylla, A, toneliana, Beschorneria floribunda, Lilia regia, Lilium regiwm, Roezlia bulbifera, R. regina, Yucca argyraea, Y. argyrophylla, Y. bulbifera, Y. parmentieri and Y. toneliana. ‘ 3. Furcraea bedinghausi Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 6: 234. 1863. Distrito Federal; described from plants cultivated in Europe, the type locality unrecorded. . . A short-trunked smaller plant with shorter, stiffer, and flatter leaves. Sometimes cultivated as Beschorneria multifiora. Specimens have been dis- tributed as Yucca pringlet Greenm. y 4, Furcraea quicheensis Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 148. 1915. Guatemala; type collected near Quiché. In size and habit intermediate between F. longaeva and F. bedinghausi. “ Cheech.” 5. Furcraea cahum Trel. Ann, Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 908. pl. 39. 1910. Yucatin; type collected near Sisal. Subacaulescent, with narrow green flat leaves, these straight-margined be- tween the finally blackish teeth. ‘ Cajum” or “ cajum-ci”; also ‘ catana” (?). 6. Furcraea melanodonta Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 150. 1915, Eastern Guatemala; type from Cruz, Somewhat caulescent, with gray or bluish concave leaves, the margins hol- lowed between the black-chestnut teeth. ‘‘ Maguey.” 7. Furcraea selloa Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 22. 1860. Furcraea samalana Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 149. 1915. Western Guatemala; type from the Samalé Valley. Somewhat caulescent, with green broad long-channeled leaves, these usually toothed only below the middle, the margins hollowed between the red-brown teeth; bulbils elongate. ‘“‘ Maguey.” 8. Furcraea guatemalensis Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 149. 1915. Eastern Guatemala; type collected about Guatemala City. Nearly acaulescent, the broad and long-channeled leaves grayish beneath and toothed throughout, the margin somewhat hollowed between the red-brown or chestnut teeth; bulbils ovoid. ‘“ Maguey.” 9. Furcraea cabuya Trel. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 906. 1910. Furcraea tuberosa Seem. Bot. Voy, Herald 216. 1854. Not F. tuberosa Ait. 1811. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 107 Costa Rica (type from San Ramén) and Panama. Nearly acaulescent, the leaves transiently somewhat glaucous, broad, long and openly concave, straight-margined between the rather long and distant yellowish teeth, these with brown or chestnut tips. “Cabuya,” “cabuya con espina,” or “ Central American sisal.” Qa. Furcraea cabuya integra Trel. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 907. 1910. Furcraea gigantea Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 216. 1854, Costa Rica (type from San Ramon) and Panama; also (?) in Honduras and El Salvador. Differs from the type only in having its leaves unarmed or with merely minute rudiments of teeth. “Cabuya Olancho,” transmuted into ‘“ cabuya blanca.” 2. AGAVE L. Sp. Pl. 323, 1753. REFERENCES: J. G. Baker, Handbook of the Amaryllideae 163-198. 1888 ; Mulford, A study of the agaves of the United States, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7: 48-100, pl. 26-63. 1896; Trelease, Agave macroacantha and related euagaves, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 231-256. pl. 18-34. 1907; Trelease, The Mexican fiber agaves known as zapupe, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 18: 29-37, pl. 1-6. 1909; Tre- lease, The agaves of Lower California, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 22: 37-65, pl. 18-72. 1912; Trelease, Revision of the agaves of the group Applanatae, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 85-97. pl. 78-99, 1912; Trelease & Ludwig, El Zapupe, pp. 1-29. ill. ‘1909; Trelease, Agave, in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 230-239, 1914. The leaves contain an excellent fiber. That of A. americana, which is much planted and has escaped around the Mediterranean, is used in the dainty pita lacework of the Azores, etc. Much of the fiber of the lechuguilla type of plants is used for coarse sacking or enters into the complex of ixtle or Tampico fiber or Matamoros fiber. Agave cantala is grown extensively in tropical Asia for its fiber. Of recent years the zapupes have been exploited as equally worthy with the henequen or Sisal hemp, which forms the chief basis of Yucatecan commerce and is being extensively planted through tropical regions. The national drink of the Mexican Indians is fermented from the exuded sap of the large fleshy-leaved or maguey species when they are ready to bloom, and great plantations are maintained for this purpose on the table-land; and a great deal of distilled liquor, called mezcal, like the smaller-leaved species used for the purpose, is distilled from a fermented mash made from the roasted stems of many species, especially those of the group Tequilanae, which are grown in large numbers for this purpose, particularly about Tequila in the State of Jalisco. The glucoside saponin occurs in many species and is very abundant in the rootstocks of a few agaves and particularly in those of the related herbaceous genus Manfreda, and these are used for washing under the name “amole.” The fiber of the leaves was used in preconquest days for mak- ing a kind of paper, upon which manuscripts were written. The species of Agave are known in the United States as century plants. This name was given because of a belief that the plants flowered only when they had attained an age of a hundred years. This belief is, of course, incorrect. It is probably due to the fact that in cultivation the plants rarely bloom. In Europe the plants are often known as American aloes, because of a slight resemblance to Old World plants of the genus Aloe, of the family Liliaceae. 126651—20—-—_8 108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. I. EUAGAVE. Flowers in a panicle. A. Leaves without a horny border, the spine at most decurrent for little more than its length. B. Leaves hard-fibrous, swordlike or dagger-like or else under 10 em. wide, C. Marginal teeth numerous and strong. Teeth close together (5 to 10 mm. apart) and very slender. Leaves green___------- 1. A. panamana. Leaves gray-green, purple-green, or very glaucous. Leaves gray-green or purple-green____.. 2. A. rubescens. Leaves very glaucous__-.----= 3. A. stringens. Teeth more separated or heavier. D. Spine elongate, biconvex____.____- 4. A. angustifolia. DD. Spine elongate, half-round or very openly grooved. Leaves rough-granular_..=-- 5. A. bergeri. Leaves smooth. Teeth slender___--_---- 6. A. lespinassei. Teeth heavy. Teeth scarcely raised__.------- Y. A. endlichiana. Teeth on fleshy bases_..---.- = 36. A. sicaefolia. DDD. Spine needle-shaped, round-grooved. Teeth heavy or raised_.----_-- 8. A. aboriginum. Teeth slender____-_-.------ 9. A. deweyana. DDDD. Spine short and thick or subulately tapered, biconvex or shallow- grooved ‘at base. E. Spine subulately slender. Spine chestnut. Teeth small__.------_-_- 10. A. zapupe. Spine red-brown or graying. ; Spine red-brown; teeth small__________ 20. A. donnell-smithii. Spine graying; teeth larger... 11. A. subtilis. EE. Spine similar but larger and stouter. Teeth separated (30 mm. apart or more). Teeth heavy-based___..__--_--_--_-- 12. A. longisepala. Teeth very slender___--___------- 13. A. pedrosana. Teeth closer (scarcely 20 mm. apart), slender. Leaves green____-_-_-- 14, A. gutierreziana. Leaves gray or white. Leaves gray... 15. A. elongata. Leaves white_-_----_---- 16. A. collina. EEE. Spine not subulate, or else short. Spine graying. Teeth large__.__._..______ 17. A. palmaris. Spine red-brown. Teeth large__-___-_--_- ee 18. A. rhodacantha. Teeth rather small. Teeth close (10 mm. apart)___-__-__-- | 19. A. pes-mulae. Teeth distant___..-__-.__-_-_ 20. A. donnell-smithii. DDDDD. Spine conical, often round-grooved at base. F. Leaves green. Plants arborescent. Teeth heavy____-__--_-- 21. A. karwinskii. Teeth very slender-cusped_______ ee 22. A. decipiens. Plants short-stemmed or acaulescent. Teeth few or slender___-_-------- 23. A. sisalana. Teeth numerous, tapered____-____________ 24, A. candelabrum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 109 FF. Leaves gray or lightly blue-glaucous. Leaves numerous. Leaves somewhat rough __________________ 25, A. kirchneriana. Leaves smooth. Plant subacaulescent. Teeth gradually tapered. Teeth short. Leaves lax__________ 26. A. pacifica. Leaves more rigidly ascending. Teeth distant (2 to 3 cm. apart)____27. A. cantala. Teeth closer (1 to 1.5 em. apart)_-28. A. tequilana. Teeth long and strong. Teeth sharply flexed__________ 29. A. pseudotequilana. Teeth gently curved________________ 30. A. sullivani. Teeth abruptly slender-cusped_______________ 31. A. ixtli. Plant distinctly caulescent Leaves few. ~----- 32. A. fourcroydes. Spine grooved only at base__________ 33. A. datylio. _ Spine grooved to middle____________________ 34. A. vexans. FFF. Leaves very white-glaucous. Leaves very long and concave_____________-_-_ 35. A. nivea. Leaves shorter, rather dagger-like. Leaves not falcate. Teeth gradually pointed__..__.____-_________ 16. A. collina. Teeth deltoid at base_________________ 37. A. macroacantha. Leaves falcate__-___-________-_ 38. A. yaquiana. CC. Marginal teeth few or minute. Leaves oblong, green, transiently glaucous____________ 23. A. sisalana. Leaves oblanceolate, pale__ ---~----- se 39. A. desmetiana. BB. Leaves hard-fibrous, oblanceolate-oblong. Teeth small and slender. Spine needle-shaped___-_—_-~- 40. A. thomasae. Teeth conspicuous and strong. Leaves relatively long (nearly 1 meter). Spine needle-shaped. Spine involute________________________ 41. A. deamiana. Spine round-grooved___-_------------------- 45, A. kellermaniana. Spine conical, flat-grooved__.._._____--__-___________-- 42. A. hurteri. Leaves short (searcely 0.5 meter long). G. Spine conical, flat-grooved or shallow-grooved. Spine brown, much twisted_._-_---___---_-_--___- 43. A. tortispina. Spine gray, straight_____-_--_-____------------ 44, A. pachycentra. GG. Spine round-grooved. ’ Teeth close together (10 to 15 mm. apart) chestnut. Teeth slender-cusped_____________________45. A. kellermaniana. Teeth heavily triangular______________________ 46. A. samalana. Teeth more separated, red-brown__-----__--_--__- 47, A. lagunae. GGG. Spine involute at base. Teeth easily detachable_________________-_-___-_- 48. A. minarum. Teeth firmly attached. Teeth small__-_-------~-~--------------~----49. A. seemanniana. Teeth large, brown. Spine needle-shaped; teeth almost hooked__50. A. tenuispina. Spine conical; teeth nearly straight___---_- 51. A. opacidens. 110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. BBB. Leaves rather fibrous, oblong, over 1 mm. long. Leaves rather thin and straight-margined_________________ 52. A. lurida, Leaves fleshier. Margin nearly straight__.___.-___.._.. 53. A. rasconensis. Margin concave between the teeth____._____ 54. A. vera-cruz. BBBB. Leaves fleshy, obovate, deeply repand, short. Spine flexuous ; leaves scarcely 25 em. long. Spine and teeth dull rusty brown_________________ 55. A. verchaffeltii. Spine and teeth gray, gray-brown, or red-chestnut. Spine and teeth gray-brown or gray___________ 56. A. megalacantha. Spine and teeth red-chestnut______________ 57. A. guadalajarana. Spine straight; leaves twice as long_____________. | 58. A. potatorum. BBBBB. Leaves rather fleshy and long, oblanceolate, repand; teeth very unequal. Spine and teeth red-brown. Leaves green___----- 59. A. mescal. Leaves grayish__-----___------- 60. A. fenzliana. Spine and teeth copper-colored___-__-__-_-_--_ 61. A. cupreata. _BBBBBB. Leaves fleshy, large, the teeth mostly subequal. Leaves green-and-gray-banded, rough________________ 111. A. marmorata. Leaves not markedly zoned. Spine conical, somewhat recurved. Leaves not sharply reflexed. Leaves abruptly acute, plicate__...------- 112. A. abrupta. Leaves not plicate. Spine gradually tapered____-______________ 113. A. wercklei. Spine rapidly very acute___.-_------- 114. A. expansa. Leaves reflexed toward the end___-___________ > 115. A. americana. Spine needle-shaped. Leaves reflexed___----____--_------ eee eee 116. A. picta. Leaves not sharply reflexed. Leaves rough____-__-__-_---- 117. A. asperrima. Leaves smooth. Spine nearly straight______--__-_--_-- 118. A. palmeri. Spine flexuous____-_______-_-_-_- ee 119. A. flexispina. AA. Leaves with the teeth usually joined by a firmly attached horny border. Spine sinuous, rather slender. Filaments inserted in middle of tube____________________ 62. A. shawii. Filaments inserted above the middle______-___________ 63. A. orcuttiana. Spine straight. Teeth gradually tapered__________-______-__- 64. A. sebastiana. Teeth abrupt from a broad base. Leaves abruptly acuminate ______________________ 65. A. pachyacantha. Leaves gradually acute____________________ 66. A. goldmaniana. AAA. Leaves mostly with long-decurrent spine, but scarcely horny-margined between the teeth. H. Leaves oblong, long (over 1 meter). Leaves green or subglaucous; perianth segments long (3 cm.) 12. A. longisepala. Leaves white-glaucous; segments much shorter________ 67. A. applanata. HH. Leaves ovate or obovate, scarcely half as long. Leaves rather thin; spine slender. Leaves acute, dull gray_.._______--___ 68. A. scabra. Leaves acuminate, glaucous_________________ 70. A. parrasana. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 111 Leaves thick and fleshier; spine rather stout. Spine flat-grooved___---------------------------- 71. A. chihuahuana. Spine round-grooved, sharp-edged. Leaves elongate; capsule about 4 cm. long___------~--- 72. A. parryi. Leaves broad; capsule 5.5 to 7.5 em. long. Leaves acute________-_--------------------- 69. A. huachucensis. Leaves acuminate____----_.------------------------ 73. A. patonii. HHH. Leaves triangular or lance-oblong, ascending. Leaves elongate (fully 1 meter long). Perianth segments twice as long as tube_--_--------------- 74. A. aurea. Perianth segments shorter than tube__------------- 75. A. promontorii. Leaves scarcely half as long. ; Teeth close together (5 to 10 mm. apart), small. Teeth friable, almost cuspless___---_.-------------- 76. A. dentiens. Teeth firm, with short sharp cusps__-~------------- 77. A. disjuncta. Teeth more separated, sometimes very large. . Spine nearly straight. Spine strong and rather stout. Leaf margin repand. Ovary flask-shaped__-~---- ~o------------- 78. A. deserti. Ovary fusiform___--~~--------------------- 79. A. consociata. Leaf margin nearly straight-------------------- 80. A. pringlei. Spine very slender. Leaves roughened____-_------------------------ Leaves smooth, 81. A. cerulata. Perianth segments 15 mm. long_-------------- 82. A. carminis. Perianth segments 20 mm. long_------------------ 83. A. sobria. Spine somewhat tortuous. Leaves roughened__-------- 84. A. affinis. HHHH. Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate. Teeth small, close together (10 mm.) -----------.------ 85. A. brandegeei. Teeth larger and more separated. Teeth gradually tapered. Teeth comparatively short.and straight----------- 86. A. margaritae. Teeth long and often hooked_-----~--------- 87. A. connochaetodon. Teeth abruptly contracted from the base. Spine undulate; margin repand---------------------- Spine and margin straight-_~------------------- HHHHH. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong ; spine straight. Teeth long and firm-------------------------------- 90. A. subsimplex. Teeth short, detachable___------------------------------ 91. A. nelsoni. AAAA. Leaves horny-margined for the upper third or more, fleshy, large. Leaves broad (3 times, or rarely 4 or 5 times, as long as wide). ~ Margin with few and rudimentary teeth or none____-------- Margin with numerous strong teeth. Teeth confluent on much of the margin-------------- Teeth joined by a horny. margin only toward the end. Leaves undulate, very crenate, green_--~--------------- Leaves not very crenate if green. Leaves deeply gutter-shaped_----------------- Leaves not gutter-like. Leaves scarcely twice as long as broad__---- 92. A. weberi. 94. A. ferox. 96. A. compluviata. 112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves three or four times as long as broad. Leaves gray or glaucous, scarcely 1.5 meters long. Teeth close (1.5 to 2 em. apart) ; Margin incised_97, A. felina. Teeth more separated or margin not incised. Leaves gray-and-green-banded, often rough. Teeth on fleshy hummocks__.___ 98. A. subzonata. Teeth without such hummocks_______ 99. A. zonata. Leaves not conspicuously zoned. Spine needle-shaped____-_ 100. A. gracilispina. Spine stout-conical. Leaves acuminate._..... 101. A. mellifiua. Leaves acute. Teeth on fleshy hummocks________ 102. A. quiotifera. Teeth without such hummocks__103. A. crassispina. Leaves green or slightly gray, plicate, 2 meters long. . 104. A. tecta. Leaves elongate (10 times as long as wide or longer). Leaves smooth. ° Leaves green (or relatively broad if gray), extremely large. 105. A. atrovirens. Leaves gray. Leaves very long (over 2 meters) and narrow. Teeth small. 106. A. mapisaga. Leaves moderate. Leaves scarcely repand ( Pacific)_.____ 107. A. schlechtendalii. Leaves more repand (central) ---- 108. A. bourgaei. Leaves white and very large... 109. A. mirabilis. Leaves rough. Plants very glaucous except the green scape. 110. A. franzosini. II. LITTAEA. Flowers in a spike or spikelike cluster. A. Leaves not striate-ridged. B, Leaves neither filiferous nor with a detachable margin. C. Leaves elongate, at most minutely denticulate. Leaves rather fleshy, tapered from the base. Leaves with slender spine; flowers withering. Margin denticulate. Pedicels distinct__--..-..7_0e ee 123. A. yuccaefolia. Pedicels on a peduncle___.------ 124. A. eduardi. Margin smooth__----____-_-2 125. A. houghii. Leaves without spine; flowers drying rotate______ 122. A. bracteosa. Leaves rather stiff, oblong. Leaves light green, narrow (searcely 1 cm. wide) 120. A. dasylirioides. Leaves gray, broader (2 cm. wide)____.... 121. A. intrepida. CC. Leaves relatively broad, at most minutely denticulate. Leaves without spine. Leaves without spine or denticles. Plants with elongate trunk_______..._ 126. A. attenuata. Plants nearly or quite acaulescent___________ 127. A. ellemeetiana. Leaves without spine but denticulate______...___ 128. A. pruinosa. - STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 113 Leaves with pungent short spine. Leaves not denticulate___._____-__---_----_---- 129. A. vilmoriniana. Leaves minutely denticulate__________--_----- 130. A. pedunculifera. CCC. Leaves with evident spine and teeth. Spine and teeth soft and weak or small. Leaves glaucous or green. Teeth more or less irregularly connate. 131. A. celsii. Leaves gray-green. Teeth mostly distinct__--_- 132. A. micracantha. Leaves green, with pale median stripe____-__--_----- 133. A. pendula. Spine and teeth firm and relatively large. Teeth close together; leaves green_-_---------- 134. A. polyacantha. Teeth more separated (10 mm. apart); leaves commonly glaucous. Flowers yellowish white, moderate_____------- 135. A. xalapensis. Flowers deep yellow, large (75 mm. long)----136. A. macrantha. BB. Leaves with soft dry border, spine, and teeth _.__---~-- 137. A. pumila. BBB. Leaves with detachable horny border and with pungent spine. D. Leaves falcately ascending, thin, not repand. Leaves green or bluish__------------------------ 138. A. lecheguilla. Leaves gray-green, somewhat glaucous___-_--------- 139. A. funkiana. DD. Leaves spreading, rather narrow and thin, repand. 140. A. lophantha. DDD. Leaves spreading, rather broad and usually thick. Leaves relatively thin, without pale ventral stripe___141. A. horrida. Leaves thicker. Leaves usually with pale ventral stripe -------- 142. A. roezliana. Leaves without pale ventral stripe. Leaves fleshy, incurved._____-------------- 143. A. ghiesbreghtii. Leaves fibrous, straight______.______----__--_- __..144. A. obscura. DDDD. Leaves often faleate, ascending, thick and stiff. Spine short (25 mm. long). Teeth long (5 to 15 mm.) if widely separated___145. A. triangularis. Teeth scarcely 5 mm. long, distant__._.._-__------_-- 146. A. potrerana. Spine long (over 50 mm. long). Spike very dense____147. A. kerchovei. DDDDD. Leaves spreading, oblong, thin, or else fleshy rather than hard. Horny margin of the leaf continuous. Teeth not on green hummocks. Leaves gray-green or blue-green, rather few --148. A. inopinabilis. Leaves light green or glaucous. Leaves light green, scarcely glaucous. Spike very compact__----------------------- 149. A, convallis. Spike rather loose_____-_----------------- 150. A. expatriata. Leaves glaucous. Leaves flaccidly recurved___-_----------- 151. A. dissimulans. Leaves not recurved_____--------------- 152. A. angustiarum. Teeth saddling fleshy hummocks. Leaves rough. Teeth very’ broad__--------- 153. A. xylonacantha. Leaves smooth, Teeth mammaeform____~------------~-- 154. A. washingtonensis. Teeth triangular____________-__---------------- 155. A. splendens. Horny margin interrupted in the middle______--__----- 156. A. vittata. DDDDDD. Leaves straight, 3-edged, very hard__157. A. victoriae-reginae. BBBB. Leaves with (characteristically) detachable marginal threads, and with pungent spine. 114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves small (scarcely 1 cm. wide and 10 em. long), denticulate at base. Spine flat. Marginal threads coarse______-________-_-_________ 158. A. parviflora, Marginal threads fine__-.------§ 159. A. toumeyana. Spine and leaf tip involute._------ = 160. A. hartmani. Leaves elongate, or broader in dwarf forms. Leaves not recurving. EK. Leaves narrow (scarcely 1 em, wide). Leaves denticulate at base__---_-_-__- 161. A. mulfordiana, Leaves not denticulate__-...----- 162. A. schottii. EE. Leaves moderately broad (1 to 2 cm.), not denticulate. Threads coarse, shaving-like____--__ 163. A. schidigera. Threads fine, coiling---_-__-_____-_-__-____ 164. A. angustissima. EEE. Leaves relatively broad (2.5-4 cem.), denticulate on suckers. 165. A. filifera. Leaves recurving, very long and narrow___________ 166. A. geminiflora. AA, Leaves striate-ridged, linear, without coarse teeth or marginal threads or horny margin. Leaves long and narrow (0.5 cm. wide, 60 to 90 em. long) ; spine very slender. 167. A. striata. Leaves shorter and broader (1 cm. wide, 25 to 50 em. long) ; spine stouter, Leaves densely clustered, rhombic in section__________ 168. A. echinoides, Leaves fewer or laxer, often 3-sided. Leaves nearly smooth on the margin-___.-_.. | 169. A. stricta. Leaves scabrid on the margin._-______ fee 170. A. falcata. 1. Agave panamana Trel., sp. nov. Leaves thin, 5 cm. wide and 65 cm. long, with a blackish needle-shaped spine scarcely 2 mm. wide and 10 mm. long, and small upcurved teeth 15 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long; inflorescence 1 to 3 meters tall; flowers 60 mm. long, with segments equaling the tube, the filaments inserted about the upper third; freely bulbiferous, Panama (type, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, from Urava Island, Howe, in 1909). Known as “ vara de San José.” 2. Agave rubescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 306. 1834. Agave flaccida Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 306. 1834. Agave punctata Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 306. 1834. Agave densispina Cels, Cat. 1865. ? Agave erubescens Ellemeet, Belg. Hort. 1871: 119. 1871. Puebla and Oaxaca; type cultivated in Europe from an unspecified locality. Nearly acaulescent ; leaves gray, tinged with purple, 5 cm. wide, 75 em. long, with a brown spine 4 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and very slender, upcurved, orangé or brown teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, the translucent margin straight between them. 3. Agave stringens Trel., sp. nov. Leaves concave, thin and recurving, very glaucous, 1 to 2 cm. wide and 60 em. long or more, with a dark brown conical spine about 2 mm. wide and 8 mm. long, and very sharp and slender, red or brown, curved teeth scarcely 5 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the intervening cartilaginous margin nearly straight. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Rfo Blanco barranca, T'release, in 1904. 4. Agave angustifolia Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 72, 1812. Agave wrightii Drummond, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 27. 1907. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 115 Yucatin or Honduras ?; what appears to be this, also, from Campeche (vv. Christman), in the Berlin herbarium; type cultivated in Europe from the island of St. Helena, where, as everywhere in warm countries, it is planted. Subcaulescent; leaves gray-green, 8 cm. wide, 40 to 65 cm. long, with red- brown ungrooved spine 4 mm. wide and 25 to 40 mm. long, and dark, variously bent, very slender teeth 20 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long. 5. Agave bergeri Trel.; Berger, Agaven 250. 1915. Leaves gray-green, granular-roughened, about 8 cm. wide and 100 cm. long, with red-chestnut or graying, half-round, rough spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and red or black, hooked, very slender teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 5 mm. long; inflorescence 5 meters tall; flowers 60 mm. long, green- yellow, with segments twice as long as the tube; capsules 30 mm. broad and 60 mm. long, somewhat stipitate and beaked; seeds 8 mm. wide and 12 mm. long; bulbiferous. Region ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, culti- vated in Europe as A. rigida, Berger, in 1908. 6. Agave lespinassei Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 18: 33. 1909. Veracruz; type from Tuxpan. ; Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, 6 to 7 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with red- brown spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 30 to 85 mm. long, and very slender, mostly upeurved, red-brown teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm, long, the inter- vening cartilaginous margin somewhat hollowed. “Zapupe de Tepezintla,” “zapupe de Vincent.” 7. Agave endlichiana Trel. Trans, Acad. St. Louis 18: 34. 1909. Veracruz; type from Huatusco. Acaulescent; leaves green, transiently glaucous, 5 to 9 cm. wide, 80 to 125 cm. long, with a garnet or chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 15 to 30 mm. long, and heavy, upcurved, garnet or chestnut teeth 10 to 30 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, the intervening translucent margin nearly straight. ‘“Ixtle,” “ixtle manso.” 8. Agave aboriginum Trel. Trans. Acad, St. Louis 18: 34. 1909. Veracruz; type from Tuxpan. Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, somewhat gray, 5 to 11 cm. wide, 70 to 150 cm. long, with brown, somewhat decurrent spine 4 mm. wide and 35 to 50 mm. long, and heavy upcurved teeth 20 to 35 mm. apart and 5 to 8 mm. long sometimes with intercalated smaller ones, the intervening margin nearly straight. “ Zapupe silvestre,” “ zapupe cimarr6n,” “ zapupe de Sierra Chontla ” ; “wild zapupe.” 9. Agave deweyana’* Trel. Trans, Acad. St. Louis 18: 35. 1909. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, somewhat transiently glaucous, 5 to 10 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with brown or purplish spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 40 mm. long, and slender upcurved teeth 15 to 45 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm, long. “Zapupe de Tantoyuca,” “zapupe de Huatusco,” “zapupe verde”; “ green zapupe.” 10. Agave zapupe Trel. Trans, Acad. St. Louis 18: 32. 1909. Veracruz; type from Tuxpan. Acaulescent; leaves dark green but glaucous, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 150 to 200 em, long, with red-brown or blackening spine 4 mm. wide and 15 to 25 mm. 1Named for L. H. Dewey (1865-), of the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, well known for his work upon the fiber plants of Mexico and other regions. 116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Jong, and slender upcurved teeth 15 to 30 mm. apart and 2 to 8 mm. long. “Zapupe azul,” “zapupe de Estopier,” “zapupe de San Bernardo ”; “blue zapupe.” 11. Agave subtilis Trel., sp, nov. Leaves ascending, glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with an acuminate gray spine 5 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, this flattened to the middle, and with rather slender-cusped, mostly upcurved teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 4 to 5 mm, long. . Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Tequila, Griffiths H, in 1909. “Chato”; a good mezcal species. 12. Agave longisepala Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 34. 1891, Jalisco(?) ; type cultivated in Kurope; cultivated for mezeal at Tequila as “mezeal grande.” Leaves spreading, gray-green, 15 to 20 cm. wide, 200 cm. long, with a large conical or acuminate, flat-based, chestnut spine often 10 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and with deltoid teeth 30 to 50 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the prevailingly upcurved cusps often suppressed ; flowers 70 mm. long, with short tube, the segments 30 mm, long. : 13. Agave pedrosana Trel., sp. nov. Leaves green, lightly glaucous, 10 to 15 em. wide, 100 to 150 cm. long, with flexuous heavy flat-based chestnut spine about 10 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, und with slender upcurved teeth 30 to 60 mm. apart and 2 to 4 mm. long. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, collected at San Pedro, near Guadalajara, Trelease, in 1903. 14. Agave gutierreziana Trel., sp. nov. Leaves green, about 15 em. wide and 200 cm. long, with a rather smull subulate ungrooved graying spine scarcely 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and with slender, sharply upcurved teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 5 to 6 mm. long. Chiapas; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Gutiérrez, in 1908. ** Maguey6n.” 15, Agave elongata Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 501. 1864. Agave spectabilis Tod. Hort. Panorms: 2: 4, 1879. Region ?; type eultivated in Kurope. Leaves spreading, gray-glaucous, 10 to 13 em. wide, 200 cm. long, with rather attenuate, chestnut or graying, flat-based spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and slender, mostly upcurved teeth 10 to 15 mm. apart and 5 min. long. 16. Agave collina Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 296. 1897. Morelos; type collected above Cuernavaca. Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, somewhat green-banded across the back, 5 to 8 cm. wide, 75 em. long, with red-brown or purplish brown spine 8 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and rather heavy, upcurved, blackish teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the yellowish margin nearly straight between them. 17. Agave palmaris Trel., sp. nov. Leaves ascending, gray, more or less glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with recurved, red or graying spine 4 mm. wide and 15 mm. long, and mostly upcurved, slender teeth 20 to 830 mm. apart and 5 mm. long. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Mazete- pec, Dewey 657. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 117 “Mano larga,” “chino bermejo.” A good mezcal species; apparently culti- vated for fiber in Sinaloa. A form with open spoon-shaped blunt spine fully 10 mm. wide (var. monstrosa) is cultivated as “ zapalote.” 18. Agave rhodacantha Trel., sp. nov. Leaves green, lightly glaucous, 15 to 20 cm. wide, 250 cm. long or more, with black-chestnut flat-based spine 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and large heavy up- curved teeth 20 to 60 or 70 mm. apart and 10 mm. long, from large lenticular bases. * Sinaloa; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Mocorito, Lundstrom, in 1909. “ Espinoza.” 19. Agave pes-mulae Trel., sp. nov. Leaves ascending, blue-green, glaucous, 6 to 8 em. wide, 100 to 150 cm. long. with red-brown spine about 3 mm. wide and 15 mm. long, and sharply upcurved slender triangular teeth about 10 mm. apart and 3 mm. long. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Tequila, Griffiths B, in 1909. “ Pato de mula,” “ pié de mula.” A good mezcal species. 20. Agave donnell-smithii' Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 144. 1915. Guatemala ; type from Escuintla. Acaulescent; leaves light green, glaucous beneath, 8 cm. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long or more, with garnet or chestnut spine 4 mm. wide and 12 to 15 mm. long, and rather slender upcurved teeth 15 to 25 mm, apart and 2 to 3 mm. long. 21. Agave karwinskii Zucc. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 16 *: 677. 1833. ? Agave lara Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8. 1834. ? Agave viridissima Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877. Agave corderoyi Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 398. 1877. Agave bakeri Ross, Boll. Soc. Sci. Nat. ed. Econom. Palermo. 1894’, Puebla and Oaxaca; type cultivated in Europe, presumably from Tehuacan. Trunk becoming 4 meters tall; leaves green or very transiently glaucous, concave, 2 to 4 em. wide, 35 to 70 cm. long, with dark brown spine 3 to 6 mm. wide and 25 to 50 mm. long, and strong, upcurved, nearly black teeth 25 to 45 mm. apart and 8 to 5 mm. long, the margin nearly straight between them. ‘‘ Candelillo.” 22. Agave decipiens Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1892: 183. 1892. Agave lazifolia Baker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 122: pl. 7477. 1896. Southern Florida, around the coast (type cultivated in Europe without recorded locality) ; presumably native in Yucatan. Trunk 2 to 3 meters tall; leaves green, outcurved, rather fleshy and concave, 4 to 10 cm. wide, 70 to 125 cm. long, with dark chestnut spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 10 to 25 mm, long, and very slender flexous teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart an& 2 mm. long, these on fleshy prominences of the margin. Cultivated (from a plant of Baja California) as A. spiralis. “False sisal.” 1 Named for Capt. John ‘Donnell Smith (1829-), of Baltimore, Maryland, well known for his extensive publications upon the botany of Central America. Capt. Smith has made collections in Central America, and has directed botanical explorations in many parts of that region. His large herbarium, which con- tains a wide representation of Mexican plants, and his library, have been pre- sented to the Smithsonian Institution, and are incorporated in the U. S. National Herbarium. 118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 23. Agave sisalana Perrine, U. S. Sen. 25th Congr. Sess. 2. Doc. 300. pl. 1, 2, 4. 1838. * Agave rigida sisalana Baker, Kew Bull. Misc, Inf. 1889: 254. 1889. Yucatan; type cultivated in Florida from introduced plants. Acaulescent; leaves at length bright glossy green, at first lightly glaucous, nearly flat, 10 em, wide, 150 cm. long, with a chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, the straight margin typically unarmed or with a few very rudimentary teeth. “ Yaxci,” “ yax-qui,” “ green agave,” “Sisal hemp,” or “Bahama hemp.” The species most extensively planted, as a source of fiber, outside of Yucatén. Called “‘ maguey tuxtleco” in Chiapas. Sometimes occurring in a form as prickly as the preceding species (f. armata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 11: 49. 1918) ; and exceptionally with a trunk about 1 meter tall. 24, Agave candelabrum Tod. Hort. Panorm, 1: 66. 1876. Agave rumphii and Agave laxa Hort. Region ?; type cultivated in Europe. Leaves uniformly spreading, green, 7 cm. wide, 100 to 150 em. long, with conical brown spine 3 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and sharply upeurved teeth 10 to 25 or 30 mm, apart and 4 mm. long, the intervening margin straight. Perhaps a green extreme of A. cantala. 25. Agave kirchneriana Berger, Agaven 252. 1915. Acaulescent ; leaves dull gray-green, slightly roughened, 7 cm. wide, 125 cm. long, with polished chestnut spine 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and slender upcurved blackish teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 8 to 5 mm. long; flowers green, 50 to 55 mm, long, the openly conical tube half as long as the segments. Guerrero; type from Xochipila or Zumpango. “Maguey delgado”; yielding superior fiber and mezcal. 26. Agave pacifica Trel., sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, very lightly glaucous and zoned, 3.5 to 5 em. wide, 50 to 75 cm. long, the purplish red-brown spine 15 to 25 mm, long, often abruptly contracted and slender above the decurrent base, the teeth usually upcurved-triangular, 15 to 25 mm. apart and 8 to 5 mm. long, the intervening cartilaginous margin straight; flowers greenish yellow, 50 mm. long, the openly conical tube half as long as the segments; capsules shortly stipitate and beaked, 25 mm. broad and 45 mm. long. Sonora, Sinaloa, and Tepic; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Creston Island, Mazatlin, Sinaloa, Trelease, in 1904. 27. Agave cantala Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25. 1814. Agave vivipara of authors, not L. e Agave flaccida Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 72. 1812. Furcraea cantala Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 42. 1819. Furcraea madagascariensis Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 42. 1819. Agave madagascariensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 79. 1825. Agave cantula Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 167. 1832. Region ?; type cultivated in India. Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, slightly green-lined longitudinally, falcate or straight, ascending, 6 to 10 cm. wide, 150 em. long, with slender-pointed conical brown spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and red-chestnut, upcurved, gradually very sharp-pointed teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 5 to 6 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 119 A close ally of the “zapupe” and especially the “ Tequila mezcal” species; cultivated for its fiber in the Philippines as “ maguey ” or “ Manila aloe,” and in India where it is the source of “ Bombay hemp” or “ Bombay aloe fiber.” Apparently one of the west-Mexican allies of A. tequilana, perhaps early taken for its fiber to the Philippines and thence to India, from the Acapulco region. 28. Agave tequilana Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 220. 1902. Jalisco; type from about Tequila. Shortly caulescent; leaves rather light bluish green and persistently glau- cous, thin and nearly flat, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 125 cm. long or more, with red- brown or purple-brown spine 8 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and trian- gular upcurved reddish teeth 10 to 15 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, the intervening whitish margin slightly hollowed. “ Mezcal azul” or “chino azul.” The common source of the distilled liquor, ‘ mezcal de Tequila.” A number of related forms are found in cultivation with this typical “azul.” These, probably all specifically separable as with the “zapupe” complex, to which they are related, are known as “mano larga,” “bermejo,” ‘“chato,” “ chino bermejo,” “zapalote,” “pié de mula” or “ pato de mula,” and “seguin” or “ ziguin.” 29. Agave pseudotequilana Trel., sp. nov. Shortly caulescent; leaves yellow-green, glaucous, rather thick, openly con- cave, 15 em. wide, 175 to 200 cm. long, with dark red-brown, conical or acu- minately tapered spine 4 to 7 mm. wide and 10 to 15 or 20 mm. long, and sharply upcurved or flexed, triangular teeth on broad bases, 15 to 20 or 35 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight ; inflorescence ample, panicled; flowers unknown ; capsules broadly oblong, 25 mm. broad and 45 mm. long, accompanied by bulbils. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Tuxpan. “ Mezcal blanco” or “ mezcal cucharo.” 30. Agave sullivani Trel., sp. nov. Leaves green, about 10 cm. wide and 100 em. long, with a chestnut, very short-conical spine, this abruptly pointed, or less commonly conical, and round- grooved at base, 5 mm. wide and 10 to 15 mm. long, the teeth triangular, up- curved, 20 mm. apart and 4 to 6 mm. long. Region ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, cultivated for mezeal at La Paz, Baja California, Sullivan, in 1910. 31. Agave ixtli Karw. in Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 304. 1834. Yucatan; type cultivated in Europe, from Yucataén, Acaulescent; leaves grayish, somewhat concave, scarcely 50 cm. long, with spine and prickles much as in A. fourcroydes. “Ixtle”; apparently including the plants known as “ bab-ci,” ‘“ chelem” (which is A. silvestris D’Utra, Bol. Agr. S. Paulo, 1909: 169. 1909, and A. pro- lifera Schott, in sched.), “ chucum-ci,” “ citam-ci’” (which is A. minima D’Utra, loc. cit.), “ pita-ci,” “xix-ci,” and “ xtuc-ci.” The specific name js variously and often erroneously spelled. 32. Agave fourcroydes Lem. Il]. Hort. 11: Misc. 65. 1864. Agave rigida elongata Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1892: 33. 1892. Yucatéin: type cultivated in Europe from an unrecorded locality. Trunk becoming 2 meters tall; leaves gray, rather flat, 8 to 10 em. wide, 150 to 250 em. long, with black-brown spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and moderately slender, somewhat upcurved, blackish teeth 10 to 20 mm. 120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. apart and 1 to 4 mm, long, the margin nearly straight between their somewhat raised bases. “ Sacqui,” “ sac-ci,” “ gray agave,” or “ henequén.” The source of the larger part of the “Sisal hemp” exported from Yucatan. 33. Agave datylio Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 223, 1902. Baja California; type from La Paz. Acaulescent ; leaves yellow-green or gray-green, 3 to 4 cm, wide, 30 to 75 cm. long, with purplish or blackish spine 4 to 6 mm, wide and 20 to 30 mm, long, and glossy, chestnut, heavily triangular or slender-cusped teeth 20 to 30 or 50 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight. 34. Agave vexans Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 62. 1911. Baja California; type from Mulegé. Acaulescent; leaves gray-green, 2 cm. wide, 20 to 45 em. long, with gray- brown spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and triangular or slender- cusped, detachable teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long. 35. Agave nivea Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 143. 1915. Guatemala; type from El] Rancho. Acaulescent ; leaves very glaucous, very concave, 15 cm. wide, 200 cm. long, with black-chestnut spine 3 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and triangular slender-cusped teeth 30 to 50 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, their bases often fleshy, the intervening margin nearly straight. 36. Agave sicaefolia Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 141, 1915. Guatemala; type from El Rancho. Acaulescent; leaves gray, flat or concave, 7 to 8 cm. wide, 60 to 75 cn. long, with purplish chestnut spine 4 mm. wide and 30 to 40 mm. long, and mostly upcurved, slender teeth 15 to 35 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the interven- ing margin sometimes with smaller straight teeth. 37. Agave macroacantha Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 676, 18383. Agave pugioniformis Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 676. 1833. Agave flavescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 305, 1834. Agave flavescens macroacantha J acobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit, 1864: 500. 1864. Agave bessereriana Van Houtte, Cat. 1868: 32. 1868, Agave subfalcata Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 179. 1869. Agave linearis Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 179. 1869. Agave concinna Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877. Agave sudburyensis Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877. Agave paucifolia Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 9: 266. 1878. Agave oligophylla Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 10: 492. 1878, ? Agave wiesenburgensis Wittm. Gart. Zeit. 4: 18. 1885. Agave baxteri Baker, Amaryll. 178. 1888. ? Agave integrifolia Baker, Amaryll. 185. 1888. Puebla; type cultivated in Europe, probably from Tehuacén. Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, 2 to 4 (or 7) cm. wide, 20 to 55 em. long, with dark brown or blackish spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 15 to 25 mm. long or more, and heavy-based, rather upcurved teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long. “ Espadilla.” 38. Agave yaquiana Trel., sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves faleately erect, glaucous and green-zoned, 5 cm. wide, 75 cm. long, with brown decurrent spine 4 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and rather heavy, mostly upcurved, triangular teeth 15 to 20 or even 50 mm. apart and 86 mm. long, the intervening cartilaginous margin very slightly hollowed. Sonora ; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from rocky hillsides between Hermosillo and Ures, Trelease 391. ; “ Mezcal,” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 121 39. Agave desmettiana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 217. 1866. ? Agave pallida Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 112. 1866. ? Agave regeliana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 214. 1866. ? Agave ananassoides de Jonge & Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 147. 1868. Agave miradorensis Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 156, 1868. Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe, presumably from El Mirador, Huatusco, though said to be from Brazil. Leaves glaucous, nearly straight, 3 to 7 or 10 cm. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long, with slender spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, entire above but with minute, nearly colorless teeth some 5 mm. apart toward the base. 40. Agave thomasae Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 138. 1915. Guatemala; type cultivated at Quezaltenango. Leaves green, glaucous, 15 cm. wide, 60 cm. long, with chestnut needle- shaped spine 2 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and minute, nearly straight teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the margin straight between them. 41. Agave deamiana’ Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 139. 1915. Guatemala; type from Fiscal. Leaves grayish, 10 cm. wide and 100 cm. long, with purplish brown, needle- shaped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and slender teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 2 to 4 mm. long, the margin straight between them. , 42, Agave hurteri Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 136. 1915. Guatemala; type from Zunil. Leaves somewhat glaucous, 10 cm. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long, with straight chestnut spine 8 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and more or less hooked, relatively slender teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the intervening margin straight. 43. Agave tortispina Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 135. 1915. Guatemala; type from Cruz. Leaves yellow-green, white-glaucous, 10 cm. wide, 25 to 30 cm. long, with red or smoky brown, very flexuous spine 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and heavy, nearly straight teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long on prominent fleshy hummocks. 44. Agave pachycentra Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 185. 1915. Guatemala; type from Cruz. Leaves green, blue-glaucous, 15 to 20 em. wide, 35 to 60 cm. long, with large gray spine 8 mm. wide and 50 to 60 mm. long, and heavy recurved teeth 25 to 50 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, these on prominent fleshy hummocks. 45. Agave kellermaniana’ Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 142. 1915. Guatemala; type from Fiscal. Leaves very glaucous, 8 to 10 em. wide and 100 cm. long or larger, with purple-chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 30 to 35 mm. long, and upcurved slender teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 8 to 5 mm. long, these sometimes on fleshy prominences. 1Named for Charles CG. Deam, of Bluffton, Indiana, well known for his in- vestigations of the flora of Indiana. Mr. Deam has also obtained an extensive collection of plants in Guatemala. 2Named for W. A. Kellerman (1850-1908), of Ohio, known especially for his investigations of parasitic fungi. He made large collections of plants in Guate- mala. 122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 46. Agave samalana Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 142. 1915. Guatemala; type from Esperanza. Leaves glaucous, 15 em. wide, 60 cm. long, with reddish or chestnut needle- shaped spine 3 to 4 mm, wide and 35 to 55 mm. long, and rather straight trian- gular teeth 5 to 20 mm. apart and 1 to 8 or 5 mm. long, the nearly straight in- tervening margin denticulate. 47. Agave lagunae Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 143. 1915. Guatemala ; type from Amatitlin. Leaves very glaucous, 8 to 10 em. wide, 40 cm. long, with garnet spine 8 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and variously curved teeth 20 to 40 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, these on rather prominent fleshy hummocks between which the margin is straight. 48. Agave minarum Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 139. 1915. Guatemala; type collected near El Rancho. Leaves yellow-green, 6 cm. wide, 60 cm. long, with brown spine 5 mm. wide and 45 mm, long, and detachable teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart, the intervening mar- gin straight. 49. Agave seemanniana*’ Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 154. 1868. Nicaragua (type from Segovia) and Guatemala. Leaves glaucous, 8 cm. wide, 35 cm. long, with purplish brown spine 2 to 4 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and triangular teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long, the margin hollowed between them, 50, Agave tenuispina Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 140. 1915. Guatemala; type from Cruz. Leaves glaucous, 20 cm, wide, 70 cm. long, with dull brown needle-like spine 838 mm, wide and 60 to 70 mm. long, and rather heavy curved teeth 20 to 40 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the margin hollowed between them. 51.\ Agave opacidens Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 140. 1915. Guatemala; type from Cruz. Leaves glaucous, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 75 cm. long, with dull brown spine 6 mm. wide and 50 to 60 mm, long, and heavy, nearly straight teeth: 20 to 50 mm. apart and 5 to 8 mm. long, these-on rather fleshy prominences. 52. Agave lurida Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 472. 1789. Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe; scarcely known except in cultivation. Leaves glaucous, rather thin and curved, with a slender spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 25 to 30 mm. long, and small teeth about 10 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, these usually not on fleshy bases. 53. Agave rasconensis Trel., sp. nov. Leaves rather thin and more or less outcurved, about 10 em. wide and 75 em. long, gradually acute, glaucous, with needle-shaped, somewhat round-grooved, glossy red-brown spine about 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and broadly tri- angular teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 6 mm. long, these on somewhat raised prominences between which the margin is nearly straight; inflorescence about 8 meters tall, paniculate; flowers 90 to 95 mm. long, short-pediceled, somewhat stipitate, the tube 12 to 15 mm. deep, scarcely half as long as the segments, * Berthold Seemann (1825-1871) was a native of Hanover, who from 1847 to 1851 was naturalist of H. M. S. Herald. In Mexico he collected in the states of Sinaloa and Durango, and probably elsewhere. He collected also in Panama, and published an extended account of his botanical discoveries. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 123 the filaments inserted in its throat; capsules 25 mm. broad and 50 mm, long, stipitate but scarcely beaked ; seeds 7 mm. wide and 10 mm. long. San Luis Potos{; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Rascon, Trelease 75. 54, Agave vera-cruz Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Agave no. 7. 1768. Agave mexicana and Agave theometel of authors. Veracruz (2); type cultivated in Europe, nominally from that region; also established in Peru. Extensively planted about the Mediterranean, and culti- vated as “blue aloe” in Mauritius, Amoy, and India. Leaves glaucous, rather fleshy and straight, 15 to 17 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, “with short stout gray spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and deltoid teeth on low fleshy prominences. 55. Agave verschaffeltii Lem. in Verschaffelt, Cat. 1866-7, f.; Ill. Hort. 15: pl. 564. 1868. Puebla; type cultivated in Europe, pretty clearly from about Tehuacin. Leaves glaucous, 7 cm. wide, 15 to 17 cm. long, obovate-oblong, acuminate, with twisted light brown spine and long rust-brown teeth on very high fleshy prominences. “ Papalometl.” A beautiful polymorphic small species, at one time popular in European gardens under distinctive varietal names, of which over 30 have been listed— one of the introducers advertising as many varieties as there are plants. Among the names preoccupied by these as specific are A. albida, A. amoena, A. auricantha, A. bedinghausii, A. bonneti, A. cochleata, A. crenata, A. croucheri, A. cucullata, A. elegans, A. imbricata, A. leopoldi, A. prolifera, A. pulverulenta, A, quadreta, A. rotundifolia, A. saundersii, A. serrata, A. serrulata, A. simsii, A. streptacantha, and A. tehuacanensis. 56. Agave megalacantha Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 55, 1880. Valley of Mexico; type from the lava fields. Leaves gray, short-obovate, acuminate, 10 em. wide, 15 to 20 cm. long, with brown or gray spine 5 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and rather stout, mostly upcurved teeth about 20 mm. apart and 5 mm. long, these from very high fleshy prominences. 57. Agave guadalajarana Trel., sp. nov. Leaves dull and pale but scarcely glaucous, cuneate-obovate, rather obtuse, - 8 cm. wide and 12 cm, long, with red-chestnut curved spine 8 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and triangular teeth, the upper ones 7 mm. long and from high fleshy prominences; inflorescence panicled, with short, more or less connate pedicels; flowers 60 mm. long, the perianth segments equaling or shorter than the tube; capsules stipitate and peaked, 15 to 20 mm. wide, 35 mm, long. Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Guadalajara, Pringle 4473. 58. Agave potatorum Zucc. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 675, 1833. Puebla; type cultivated in Europe (from about Tehuacin ?). Leaves oblanceolate, acute, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 30 to 40 cm. long, with straight, dull brown spine, and rather small teeth on low fleshy prominences, gray in the typical form, and green in that which has been called A. scolymus Karw. (in Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 307. 1834). 59. Agave mescal Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 8: 94. 1865. Agave hookeri Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 168. 1866. Michoacan (type locality about Tejulpico on the Balsas River ?), Sinaloa, and Sonora, 126651—20——9 124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves dark green, oblong-obovate, acute, 15 to 25 cm. wide, 100 to 150 em. long, rather thin, with slender brown spine and rather long teeth from the ‘tops of fleshy prominences between which other teeth occur on the hollowed margin. ‘“ Mezcal,” “lechuguilla.” 60. Agave fenzliana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 170. 1866. Agave inaequidens Koch, Wochenschr. Ver, Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 28. 1860. Michoacfn (?); type cultivated in Europe. Leaves dull light green, 15 to 20 em. wide and 150 em. long or more, with long brown spine and unequal, rather small teeth more or less raised on prominences. 61. Agave cupreata Trel. & Berger; Berger, Agaven 197. 1915. Leaves gray, oblanceolate, acute, 20 em. wide, 75 cm. long, with copper-colored, somewhat twisted spine 5 mm, wide and 45 mm. long, and large, variously curved, unequal, similarly colored, flat teeth 30 to 60 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, these clasping the tops of large fleshy prominences; panicle 10 meters tall; flowers yellow, 55 to 60 mm. long, the tube about 10 mm. long, Michoacin and Guerrero; type from the Sierra Madre, “Maguey de mezeal.” ; 62. Agave shawii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 314. 1875. Northwestern Baja California, near the coast. Southern California; type from Point Loma. Trunk 1 meter tall; leaves green, glossy, acuminate, 6 to 12 cm. wide, 25 to 50 cm. long, with flexuous needle-shaped red spine 3 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 40 mm. long, and large, garnet, variously curved teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm, long, connected by a horny band; filaments inserted about the middle of the perianth tube, 63. Agave orcuttiana’ Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 47. 1912. Northwestern Baja California, near the coast: type from San Quintin. Trunk reaching a height of 8 meters; leaves green, with gray spine 4 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and large curved gray teeth with horny connection; filaments inserted above the middle of the tube. 64. Agave sebastiana Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 214. 1885. Western coast region and islands of middle Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Leaves glaucous, rather acute, 6 to 10 ecm. wide, 15 to 30 em. long, with red-brown or gray spine 5 to 6 em. wide and 20 to 50 mm, long, and nearly straight teeth 15 mm. apart and 3 to 5 or even 10 to 15 mm. long, with horny connection ; filaments inserted above the middle of the tube. 65. Agave pachyacantha Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 48. 1912. Northwestern coast region of Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay. Leaves rather gray, acuminate, 10 to 12 em. wide, 25 to 40 or 75 cm, long, with straight heavy chestnut spine 6 to 9 mm, wide and 25 to 40 mm, long, and mostly recurved, heavy teeth 15 mm. apart and 10 mm. long (or sometimes almost suppressed), with connecting horny line; filaments inserted toward the top of the tube. *Named for C. R. Oreutt (1864-), for many years a resident of California, who has collected plants in various parts of Mexico, but especially in Baja California. Many specimens of his collection are in the U. S. National Her- barium. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 125 66. Agave goldmaniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 49. 1911. Eastern Baja California; type from Yubai., Trunk short; leaves grayish, 10 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with nearly straight blackish spine 7 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and teeth 15 to 30 mm. apart and up to 10 mm. long, these very nearly triangular, often connected by a horny band, the intervening margin nearly straight. 67. Agave applanata Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beford. Gartenb, 1862: 83. 1862. Veracruz: on the lava fields about Limén; type cultivated in Europe, without recorded locality. Leaves glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 100 to 150 cm. long, with purplish or gray, somewhat flexuous, long-decurrent spine 6 to 7 mm, wide and 35 to 45 mm. long, and more or less recurved, triangular teeth 25 to 50 mm. apart and 5 to 8 mm. long, the upper ones connected by a horny line. 68. Agave scabra Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 86. 1859. Agave wislizeni Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 320. 1875. Agave noah Nickels, Cat. 26: 20. Coahuila ; type from San Sebastian, Sierra de Noa. Leaves dull gray, smooth, acute, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 20 to 25 cm. long, with somewhat curved and decurrent, chestnut or gray spine 38 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and more or less curved, narrowly triangular teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 8 to 8 mm. long, the margin between them slightly hollowed, 69. Agave huachucensis Baker, Amaryll. 172. 1888. Southern Arizona (type locality, Huachuca Mountains), and perhaps adjacent Mexico. Leaves in a globose cluster, dull gray, essentially smooth, acute, 10 to 15 cm. wide. 16 to 30 em. long, with more or less flexuous and decurrent, red-chestnut or gray spine 5 to 6 mm, wide and 25 mm. long, and usually recurved, narrowly triangular teeth 15 mm. apart and 4 to 7 min, long, the margin between these usually concave. 70. Agave parrasana Berger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 250. 1906. Coahuila; type from Sierra de Parras. Leaves green, lightly glaucous, obovate, long-acuminate, 6 to 8 em, ‘wide, 10 em. long or more, with slender-tipped spine 8 to 4 mm. wide and 50 mm. long, and more or less recurved triangular teeth about 10 mm, apart and 5 mm. long, on fieshy prominences. 71. Agave chihuahuana Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 22: 90. 1911. Chihuahua; type locality near Chihuahua. Leaves grayish, somewhat acuminate, 10 to 15 em. wide, 15 to 25 em. long, with purplish chestnut spine 4 to 7 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and triangular teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 6 mm. long, the margin between them nearly straight; filaments inserted far above the middle of the tube. 72. Agave parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 8: 311. 1875. Mountains of northern Chihuahua. Southern Arizona and New Mexico; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico. Leaves gray, acute or somewhat acuminate, 6 to 10 em. wide, 25 to 30 cm. long (exceptionally 15 cm. wide and 40 em. long), the spines nearly straight, from chestnut becoming gray, 5 to 6 mm. broad and 20 to 25 mm. long, the teeth straightish or gently recurved, 15 to 20 mm. apart, 3 to 5 mm. long; filaments inserted nearly in the throat of the perianth tube. 73. Agave patonii Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 92. 1911. Durango; type locality, Chinacates. Leaves grayish, more or less acuminate, 290 em. wide, 30 cm. long, with nearly straight purplish spine 6 mm. wide and 30 to 35 mm. long, and relatively 126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. slender recurved teeth 20 to 25 mm. apart and 6 to 7 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight; filaments inserted in the throat of the perianth tube. 74, Agave aurea T. S, Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 207. 1889. Eastern Baja California; type locality, Purfsima. Leaves gray-green, acuminate, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long, with conical or acuminate chestnut spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and very unequal, triangular, often upcurved teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 4 to 8 mm. long, from fleshy prominences. 75. Agave promontorii Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 22: 50. 1911. Cape region of Baja California; type locality, Sierra de la Laguna. Leaves rather glaucous; spine more acuminate and curved. 76. Agave dentiens Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 51. 1911. Islands off the Sonora coast; type from San Esteban Island. ‘Leaves glaucous gray-green, 3 to 5 em, wide, 30 to 50 em. long, with ash- colored or brown-tipped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and minute whitish friable teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and scarcely 1 mm. long, the margin nearly straight. 77. Agave disjuncta Trel, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 51. 1911. Islands of Baja California; type locality, San Benito Island. Differs from the preceding in its firmer browner teeth. 78, Agave deserti Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 310, 370. 1875. Colorado Desert of southern California (type locality east of San Felipe), and possibly adjacent Baja California. Leaves gray, slightly granular, 5 cm. wide, 15 to 30 em. long, with brown or fading, needle-shaped spine 3 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and rather friable teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, from rather prominent fleshy hummocks; ovary flask-shaped, 15 to 20 mm. long, equaling the perianth, 79. Agave consociata Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 53. 1911. Southern California and adjacent Baja California; type locality, San Felipe, California, Leaves gray, 6 cm. wide, 20 to 30 em. long, with brown spine 3 to 4 mm, wide and 25 to 30 mm. long, and triangular teeth 10 to 30 mm. apart and 4 to 8 mm. long, the intervening margin somewhat hollowed; ovary fusiform, 25 to 30 mm. long, exceeding the perianth. 80. Agave pringlei Engelm.; Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 22: 54. 1911. Baja California; type from the central plateau. Leaves gray, 5 cm. wide, 15 to 40 em. long, with drab or brown-tipped spine 83 to 5 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and easily detachable triangular teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight. 81. Agave cerulata Trel, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 55. 1911. Central Baja California; type locality, Calmallf. Leaves gray or glaucous, somewhat rough, 2 to 4 cm, wide, 30 cm. long, with gray-brown spine 2 to 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and friable teeth 10 to 15 or 25 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, from fleshy marginal hummocks, 82. Agave carminis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 22: 55. 1911. Islands of eastern Baja California; type locality, Carmen Island. Leaves grayish, smooth, 5 cm. wide, 30 to 40 em. long, with needle-shaped, light brown spine 2 mm. wide and 35 mm. long, and firm, variously curved, narrowly triangular teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 5 mm. long, from low fleshy prominences between which the margin is nearly straight. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 127 83. Agave sobria T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 207. 1899. East-central Baja California ; type locality, mesas about Comonda. Leaves glaucous, about 60 cm, long, with chestnut or glaucous, narrowly triangular, variously curved teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 8 to 10 mm. long, the intervening margin more or less hollowed. 84. Agave affinis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 56, 1911. Eastern Baja California; type locality, Concepcién Bay, Leaves glaucous gray-green, rough, 5 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with somewhat wavy, light brown or faded, nearly straight, narrowly triangular teeth 10 to 20 or 40 mm. apart and 5 to 7 mm. long, from low prominences between which the margin is somewhat concave. 85. Agave brandegeei Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 57. 1911. Cape region of Baja California; type from the mountains, Leaves grayish yellow-green, 10 cm. wide, 60 cm. long, with stout, conical or acuminate, recurved, red-brown spine 4 mm. wide and 20 mm, long, and gently upcurved, broadly triangular teeth 10 mm. apart and 2 mm. long, the intervening margin straight. 86. Agave margaritae T, S. Brandeg. Proc, Calif. Acad. II. 2: 206. 1889. Islands of southwestern Baja California; type locality, Magdalena Island. Leaves green or transiently glaucous, acuminate, 6 to 10 em. wide, 12 to 20 em. long, with somewhat undulate, needle-shaped, chestnut or fading spine 3 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and narrowly triangular, curved teeth 10 mm. apart and 6 to 8 mm. long, on low fleshy prominences. 87. Agave connochaetodon Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 22: 58. 1911. Southwestern Baja California; type locality, Santa Maria Bay. Leaves somewhat glaucous light green, 6 cm. wide, 25 cm. long, with red or drab, flexuous, needle-shaped. spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 40 to 50 mm. long, and triangular, often much hooked teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, the intervening margin hollowed. Perhaps a form of the preceding with larger and peculiarly curved marginal teeth. 88. Agave roseana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 59. 1911. Southeastern Baja California; type locality, Espiritu Santo. Leaves glaucous gray-green, 15 cm. wide, 50 cm, long, with glaucous, pur- plish brown or fading, tortuous, needle-shaped spine 8 to 4 mm. wide and 50 to 70 mm. long, and large, flat, broadly triangular, often much and diversely curved teeth 30 mm, apart and 10 to 25 mm. long, on large fleshy prominences. 89. Agave avellanidens Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 22: 60. 1911. East-central Baja California; type locality, Paraiso. Leaves long-acuminate, 11 cm. wide and 60 cm. long or more, with conical — wavy drab spine 5 mm. wide and 50 mm. long, and similarly colored, variously curved, very broadly triangular teeth 25 to 50 mm, apart (sometimes with an intermediate smaller one) and 10 mm. long, the intervening margin slightly hollowed. 90. Agave subsimplex Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 60. 1911. Islands of Sonora; type locality, Seal Island, near Tiburon. Leaves very glaucous, 5 cm. wide, 15 cm. long, with nearly straight, light gray, needle-shaped spine 3 mm. wide and 20 mm, long, and purplish black or red or fading, narrow triangular, variously curved teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, on fleshy prominences between which the margin is nearly straight. , 128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 91. Agave nelsoni Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 61, 1911. North-central Baja California; type locality, San Fernando. Leaves glaucous, 7 cm. wide, 18 to 35 em. long, with blackish or fading spine 5 mm. wide and 30 cm. long, and fragile, brown or whitish, broadly triangular teeth 10 to 20 mm, apart and 5 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight. 92. Agave weberi Cels; Poisson, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 231. 1901. Coahuila, Nuevo Le6n, Durango, and San Luis Potosf; type cultivated in Europe, from Moctezuma, San Luis Potosf. Leaves nearly straight, 15 cm, wide, 120 to 200 em. long, green, somewhat glaucous, with straight brown spine 5 mm. wide and 40 to 50 mm. long, the margin typically without teeth but sometimes bearing a very few small rudi- mentary teeth; capsules 30 mm, broad and 55 mm, long, stipitate but searcely beaked ; bulbiferous. “ Maguey liso”; yielding aguamiel and containing a usable fiber. 93. Agave latissima Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 499, 551. 1864. Agave gracilis Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult, 1870: 150. 1870. Agave macroculmis Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 51. 1891. Michoaciin; type cultivated in Europe. Leaves bright green or slightly glaucous, 20 to 30 em. wide, 100 to 150 em. long, with a stout conical spine as much as 25 mm, long, or a very heavy com- pressed spine base 20 mm. wide and 10 to 20 mm. long bearing a somewhat refracted tip 3 mm. wide and 5 mm. long, and short triangular teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, or these commonly closer together or almost or quite confluent and from half-round graying horny bases. Yielding “aguamiel” and fiber, Sometimes grown in gardens as A. coccinea. 94. Agave ferox Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Befird, Gartenb. 3: 23. 1860. Valley of Mexico; type cultivated in Europe under a name suggesting con- fusion with the next. Leaves acuminate, rather abruptly outcurved above the middle, undulate and very deeply crenate, green, 30 cm. wide, 120 cm. long, with long, sometimes flexed, gray spine 8 to 10 mm. wide and 60 mm. long, and rather recurved teeth 15 mm, long and 30 to 60 mm. apart on very high fleshy prominences. 95. Agave mitraeformis Jacobi, Abh. Schles, Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 145. 1868. Agave coarctata Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult, 1868: 147. 1868. Puebla and adjacent Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe; the name taken for the common “ maguey cimarr6n” of the vicinity of Tehuacan. Leaves long-acuminate, concave, slightly gray-and-green-zoned, 30 cm. wide, 75 cm. long, with long, relatively slender spine and large triangular teeth between which the margin is concave. Cultivated sometimes as A. bonnettiana and A. selloum. 96. Agave compluviata Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914. Durango; type locality, Pueblito. Leaves gray, zoned with green, acute, deeply gutter-shaped, with upcurved sides, the back somewhat ridged, 40 em. wide and 120 cm. long or more, with rather long conical gray spine and triangular, more or less recurved, rather large teeth between which the margin is somewhat hollowed. “ Maguey verde.” Cultivated for aguamiel and a sort of pulque. 97. Agave felina Trel., sp. nov. Leaves dull, glaucous, 20 em. wide, 150 em, long, with slightly flexuous spine 7 mm, wide and 45 mm. long, and clawlike teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 5 tu 10 mm. long, the intervening margin repand or often incised. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 129 Durango; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Pueblito, Trelease. “Maguey chino.” 98. Agave subzonata Trel., sp. nov. Leaves gray, somewhat zoned with green, smooth or slightly rough, acute, 30 cm. wide, 120 em. long, with stout gray spine 5 to 10 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and rather heavy curved triangular teeth 40 to 50 mm. apart on very high fleshy prominences; panicle 5 meters tall, sparingly branched at top; filaments inserted about the middle of the rather long perianth tube; capsules stipitate and beaked, 2 cm. broad, 4.5 cm. long; seeds 5 mm. wide, 6 to 7 mm. long. Nuevo Leén; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, col- lected at Monterrey, 7'release ; common in hedges. 99. Agave zonata Trel. in Bailey, Stand, Cycl. Hort. 1: 234, 1914. Nuevo Le6n; type locality, Monterrey ; common in hedges. Leaves broadly and distinctly green-and-gray-banded, rough, acuminate, 25 em. wide and 100 cm. long or more, with long, rather slender spine and rather distant triangular teeth between which the margin is very concave; capsules stipitate but scarcely beaked, 2.5 cm, broad, 4 to 4.5 cm. long; seeds about 5 mm. wide and 8 mm. long. ‘“ Maguey verde.” 100. Agave gracilispina Engelm.; Leichtlin, Cat, 1882; Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914. Agave salmiana gracilispina Rol.-Goss. Rev. Hort. 68: 11. 1896. San Luis Potos{; type locality, San Luis Potosi. Aspect of the next, but the spine very long and needle-like. ‘“ Maguey blanco.” Planted for pulque. The leaf fiber of this and some of the following, as well, as of the marginate species, is known as “ ixtle.” 101. Agave mellifiua Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914. Nuevo Le6én; type locality, Monterrey. Leaves light gray, slightly roughened, long-acuminate, 30 cm. wide, 120 to 200 em. long, with long, relatively slender, gray spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 35 to 45 mm, long, and heavy-based, abruptly rather triangular-cusped teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 10 mm. long, on fleshy prominences; panicle 5 to 6 meters tall, rather narrow, sometimes bulbiferous ; capsules stipitate and some- what beaked, 2.5 cm. wide and 5 cm, long. “ Maguey serrano,” “maguey manso,” “maguey chino”; cultivated for agua- miel and the so-called pulque fermented from it there. 102. Agave quiotifera Trel.; Ochoterena, Mem. Soc. Alzate 33: 102. 1913. Durango; type locality, Pueblito. Leaves light gray, acute, moderately concave, about 80 cm. wide and 120 cm. long or more, with conical gray spine 8 mm. wide and 150 mm, long, and tri- angularly recurved teeth 25 to 40 mm. apart and about 4 mm. long, on low fleshy or horny bases between which the margin is nearly straight; inflorescence 6 meters tall; flowers 70 to 80 mm, long, yellow, the tube and segments equal. “ Maguey ceniso ”. cultivated in hedges; sometimes used for aguamiel, or the flower stalk allowed to develop and cut for “ quiote,” which is sold on the streets and chewed like sugar cane. 103. Agave crassispina Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914. San Luis Potos{ and Durango; type locality, about San Luis Potosi. Aspect of the preceding, but the leaves 25 em. wide and 100 ecm. long, only slightly gray, the spine very stout, 15 to 18 mm. wide, 50 to 80 mm. long, and 130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. the large teeth 25 to 50 or 70 mm, apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, from abruptly dilated bases, sometimes on very prominent fleshy hummocks. “ Maguey cimarré6n.” Agave crassispina culta Trel., var. nov., differs from the type in its smaller spine and marginal -teeth. San Luis Potosi; type locality, San Luis Potosf. “ Maguey manso”’; planted for pulque. 104. Agave tecta Trel. Trans. Acad. St, Louis 23: 145. 1915. Guatemala; type cultivated in hedges at Quezaltenango. Leaves gray-green, very thick and broad, spreading, plicate above the middle, 50 cm. wide, 200 cm. long, with purple-chestnut or gray spine 5 to 7 mm. wide and 45 to 65 mm. long, and recurved triangular teeth 40 to 70 mm. apart and 8 mm. long; scape densely covered by broad appressed imbricate bracts. “ Maguey.” 105. Agave atrovirens Karw. in Salm-Dyck, Hort, Dyck. 7, 302. 1834. Oaxaca and Puebla; type locality, Mount Tanga, near Cajonos, Oaxaca. Leaves dark green, very thick, ascending at the end, contracted at base, 30 to 40 cm. wide, 200 to 250 or even 400 cm. long, with elongate conical gray spine, and triangular teeth about 10 mm. long from low widened bases between which the margin is nearly straight. “Maguey verde grande.” Very extensively planted on the plains of Apam, in many forms, and the principal source of the pulque industry of Mexico, amounting to something like five million pesos annually. The most prized of the many forms planted are “maguey manso” and “ maguey manso fino.” Some mezcal called “ mezcal de pulque ” is distilled from pulque. No fewer than 32 forms from about Apam are enumerated and their spines .and marginal teeth pictured by P. and I. Blasquez in a “ Tratado del Maguey,” published at Puebla; and half as many more are listed for the District of Cholula. These lists contain the following Latin names—hardly employed according to botanical usage: Agave acerva, A. aspera, A. blanda, A. cereus, A, cervus, A. cholulensis, A. cinerea, A. citrulacea, A. crispa, A. echidne, A. elegans, A, flava, A. foliosa, A, funis, A. glauca, A. insulsa, A. lutea, A. lutea mayor, A, maculata, A. maximilianea, A, miniata, A. nigra, A. pallida, A. praestans, A. procera, A. profusa, A. rubra, A, silvestris, A, smaragdina, A. spinaceum, A. spinosa, A. spinosissima, A. superba, A. torosa, A, variegata, A. vesca, A. violacea, and A. viridis. Aztec names, based on the word metl and not maguey, are given frequently to the forms recognized by planters, Quite as disconcerting! as to differentiate these, is any effort to recognize a number of the nominal species of this group based on young plants cultivated in European gardens a generation ago. A gray-leafed form closely allied to the green atrovirens but with leaves less narrowed at base is var. salmiana (A, salmiana Otto in Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 88. 1859), the scape of which is densely covered by long, somewhat spreading bracts, and of which the most glaucous extreme is A. salmiana glauca Becker (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 150). An exceptionally broad-leafed form is var. cochlearis (A. cochlearis Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1871: 151. 1871), known in Sicilian gardens as A. whitakeri. 106. Agave mapisaga Trel., sp. nov. Leaves green, slightly glaucous, narrow, rather straight but outeurving in age, 15 cm, wide, 175 to 250 cm. long, with rather short and recurved, chestnut or gray spine 4 to 8 mm. wide and 30 to 85 mm. long, and small but broad- based teeth 15 to 30 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the intervening margin STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 131 nearly straight; inflorescence 8 meters tall or more; flowers green-yellow, 70 mm. long, the perianth segments equaling the tube, Distrito Federal; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Tacubaya, Trelease. . “Maguey mapisaga”; planted for pulque. 107. Agave schlechtendalii Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 555. 1864. Region ?; type cultivated in Europe from seed said to have come from Sonora, ; Known only from young plants rather closely comparable with those ‘of. atrovirens, but the gray leaves thinner and more outcurving. 108. Agave bourgaei’ Trel., sp. nov. Leaves gray, as much as 10 to 15 cm. wide and 150 em, long, with conical gray spine 3 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and triangular teeth some 10 mm. apart, the intervening margin more or less hollowed ; panicle 3 meters tall or more; flowers 70 to 75 mm. long, the perianth segments nearly twice as long as the tube, the filaments inserted above the upper third of the tube. Valley of Mexico; type, in the herbarium of the Museum of Natural History, Paris, collected on the lava fields, Bourgeau 1020; also Bourgeau 1399 and Pringle 6677. 109. Agave mirabilis Trel., sp. nov. Leaves smooth, bright dark green when abraded, but densely white-pruinose, 40 em. wide, 200 to 250 cm. long, often reflexed above the middle, with long _ gray spine 6 mm. wide and 80 mm, long, and triangular, more or less recurved teeth mostly 30 to 60 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, these abruptly dilated at base; inflorescence 8 to 10 meters tall, the thick (25 cm.) scape with very narrow reflexed bracts; flowers 70 to 80 mm. long, the tube and segments equal; capsules 25 mm. broad, 40 mm. long, not stipitate but shortly apiculate; seeds 6 to 7 mm. wide, 8 to 10 mm. long. Puebla ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Las Vigas, Trelease. “Maguey blanco”; planted in hedges. 110. Agave franzosini Baker, Kew Bull. Misc, Inf. 1892: 3. 1892. Locality ?; type cultivated on the Riviera. Leaves very rough, glaucous, often recurving, 20 to 30 cm. avide, 200 to 300 em. long, with stout decurrent conical smoky-gray grooved spine 10 mm. wide and 55 mm. long, and abruptly broadly triangular teeth 30 to 70 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, these often from fleshy prominences; scape green. 111. Agave marmorata Roezl, Belg. Hort. 33: 238. 1883, Agave todaroi Baker, Amaryll, 199. 1888. Puebla; type locality unquestionably the Cerro Colorado near Tehuacan. Leaves very rough, gray, green-zoned, °5 to 40 em, wide, 100 to 150 cm. long, with short, stout, curved, dull red spine 5 to 15 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and large, rough, rusty brown teeth 15 to 40 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, sometimes in pairs, from fleshy prominences, “Maguey curandero,” or “ nitsomel.” 1, Bourgeau was a member of the French Scientific Commission of 1865-66. He had had previously wide experience as a botanical collector in the Old World, and his Mexican collection was an extensive one. It was gathered . chiefly in the Valley of Mexico and in Veracruz. 4. J. major. 1. Juglans pyriformis Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd, 1850: 79. 1850. Veracruz and Hidalgo to Jalisco; type from Veracruz. Doubtless a large tree; leaflets 9 to 15, acute to attenuate. ‘ Nogal.” The material at hand is not very satisfactory and it may be that more than one species is involved. A specimen from Durango (Palmer 104) has a con- spicuously pyriform nut, but the leaflets are almost completely glabrous beneath. Possibly it represents an undescribed species, but it is referred here for the present. Of this collection Palmer gives the following note: “*Nogal’; 15 to 18 meters high, the trunk 0.6 to 1.2 meters in diameter, the crown wide- spreading; the leaves are thrown in water to stupefy fish.” 2. Juglans mollis Engelm. ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 3: 168. 1883. Juglans mexicana 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 152. 1891. . Nuevo Le6én and San Luis Potosf; type from mountains east of San Luis Potosi. 7 Small or medium-sized tree, or sometimes 15 to 18 meters high, with a trunk diameter of a meter; bark thick, blackish, deeply furrowed ; leaflets usually 9 to 15, acutish to attenuate; catkins 7 to 12.5 cm. long; nut reddish brown, with rounded ridges. ‘‘ Nogal,” “ nuez meca” (San Luis Potosf). The tree is said to be valued highly for its wood, which is sawed and is used for bowls, tubs, and other articles. The husks of the fruit are used to procure a coffee-colored dye. The leaves are heated and applied locally for rheumatism. It may be that J. mevicana isa distinct species, but no definite characters are observable in the material at hand. 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Juglans rupestris Engelm. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufii & Colo, 171. pl. 15. 1854. Coahuila and probably in Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico (type locality), Shrub, usually less than 5 meters high, growing in clumps and branched almost to the base, or said to be sometimes a tree 9 meters high; bark smooth and yellowish on young stems, in age thick, furrowed, and broken into plates ; leaflets 13 to 23; catkins 5 to 10 cm. long; nuts dark brown; wood hard, weak, close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.70. “ Nogal.” 4. Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1900. Juglans rupestris major Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zufi & Colo. 171. pl. 16. 1854, Chihuahua and Durango, Arizona (type locality) and New Mexico. Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 meters, the trunk short, the branches spreading, the bark dark gray, rough; leaflets 9 to 19, 6 to 12 cm. long; wood hard, rather weak, coarse-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.67. ‘‘ Nogal silvestre” (Chihuahua). A decoction of the leaves is said to be taken as, a tonic. 2. HICORIA Raf. Med. Repos. N. Y. II. 5: 352. 1808. About a dozen other species of the genus (the hickory trees) occur in the United States. Their wood is very tough and is much used for articles in which strength and elasticity is needed, such as ax handles, wagon wheels, etc. The seeds of most species have an agreeable flavor and large quantities are eaten. Leaflets 5; bud seales imbricate._.---------- 1. H. mexicana. Leaflets 7 to 15; bud scales valvate. Leaflets 7 or 9, not faleate; shell of the nut thick__2. H. myristicaeformis. Leaflets usually 11 to 15, conspicuously faleate, shell of the nut thin. 3. H. pecan. 1. Hicoria mexicana (Engelm.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 283. 1888. Carya mexicana Engelm,; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 162. 1883. San Luis Potosf and Querétaro; type from mountains near Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, at an altitude of 2,400 meters. Tree, 15 to 18 meters high; leaflets obovate, sessile, about 15 cm. long, acumi- nate, with a pleasant odor; fruit with a thick husk, the nut somewhat angled. “ Nogalillo” (San Luis Potosf). The leaves are used for wrapping tamales. The wood is used locally. 2. Hicoria myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 284. 1888. Juglans myristicaeformis Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Amér. Sept. 211. 1810. Carya myristicaeformis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 222. 1818. Nuevo Leén. Southeastern United States; type from Charleston, South Carolina. Large tree, sometimes 35 meters high, with a trunk diameter of a meter; bark dark reddish brown, shallowly fissured into close scales; leaflets 5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate; fruit with a thin husk, the nut rounded, smooth, brown; wood hard, tough, strong, close-grained, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.80. 3. Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 282, 1888. Juglans pecan Marsh. Arb. Amér. 69. 1785. Carya olivaeformis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 221. 1818. Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo; reported from Oaxaca and | prob- ably in some other states. Eastern United States. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 167 Large tree, sometimes reaching a height of 50 meters and a trunk diameter of 2 meters; bark light reddish brown, furrowed into narrow ridges; leaflets ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 em. long; fruit with a thin husk, the nut rounded, reddish brown, thin-shelled; wood hard, rather brittle and weak, close-grained, light reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.72. The follow- ing names are reported from various parts of Mexico: “ Nuez encarcelada,” “nuez chiquita,” “nogal morado,” “ pacanero,” “nogal de nuez chica,” “ nuez lisa.” The bark is said to have been used in Mexico in the treatment of intermittent fevers and for dyspepsia. The pecan is grown extensively in the southern United States, and the nuts are an important article of commerce. The kernels have a very agreeable flavor and are eaten alone or in candies and other sweet- meats. Most of the cultivated forms have much larger nuts, with thinner shells, than the wild trees. 21 BETULACEAE. Birch Family. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, deciduous, dentate, the stipules usually deciduous; flowers small, dioecious, in catkins, Pistillate catkins conelike in fruit, the scales woody; staminate flowers 2 or 8 to each bract; perianth none in the pistillate flowers__----_-_- 1. ALNUS. Pistillate catkins not conelike, the scales thin; staminate flowers solitary above the bract; perianth present in the pistillate flowers. Fruit inclosed in a bladder-like closed sac_------------------- 2. OSTRYA. Fruit merely subtended by a flat leaflike 3-lobed bract__---~- 3. CARPINUS. 1. ALNUS Hill, Herb. Brit. 510. 1756. REFERENCES: Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 40: 24-28, 1904; Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 609-612. 1909. Numerous species of Alnus occur in the United States. The Mexican alders have often been determined as A. acuminata H. B. K., and there are many ref- erences in literature to the name, but that species, described from the Andes of Peru, does not occur in Mexico. The bark of the alders is astringent and rich in tannin. It is used in Mexico for tanning skins, giving them a red color, and it is employed also for dyeing skins, blankets, etc., furnishing various colors according to the substances combined with it. The Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana states that the leaves are used as poultices for wounds, an infusion of the bark as a lotion in cutaneous diseases, a decoction of the bark internally for scrofula and venereal diseases, and a decoction of the fruit as an astringent lotion for inflammation of the throat. The following vernacular names are reported, but it is impossible to deter- mine the species to which they are applied: “Aile” or “ayle” (Jalisco, Mo- relos, Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl, “ailitl”); “abedul” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ; “olmo del pais” (Veracruz, Hidalgo, Ramirez) ; “palo de Aguila’? (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ yaga-bizie” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “palo de lama” (Guatemala, Pittier). The Spanish name “ aliso” is used in New Mexico and in some parts of Mexico. Leaves densely covered beneath with yellow wax glands__1. A. jorullensis. Leaves without glands beneath or the glands remote and inconspicuous. Mature strobiles 7 to 14 mm, long. Veins very coarse and prominent on the lower surface of the leaves___----------------------- 2. A. firmifolia. 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Mature strobiles 20 mm. long or longer. Petioles pubescent. Leaf blades broadly rounded at the base, broadly elliptic-ovate. 3. A. pringlei. Leaf blades acute or acutish at the base, ovate or oblong-ovate. 4. A. oblongifolia. Petioles glabrous. Leaves conspicuously pilose beneath, at least on the nerves. 5. A. arguta. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so____~__--~_-__~---~--- 6. A. glabrata. 1. Alnus jorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 27. 1817. Along streams, Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Volcfin de Jorullo, Michoacin. Guatemala. Shrub or tree, 8 to 6 meters high or larger, with smooth, reddish brown branches; leaves oblong or obovate, 7 to 13 cm. long; strobiles 1 to 2 cm. long. 2. Alnus firmifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 43: 61. 1907. State of Mexico; type from Cima Station, at an altitude of 3,000 meters. Tree, 6 to 12 meters high. 3. Alnus pringlei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 62. 1907. Type from Uruapam, Michoacfin; perhaps also in Durango and Jalisco. Small tree. “Aliso” (Durango). Certain doubtful forms are intermediate between this and A. oblongifolia, but the type collection appears distinct from the latter species. 4. Alnus oblongifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 204, 1859. Sonora; perhaps also in Durango and Tepie. Southern New Mexico (type locality) to southern California. Small or medium-sized tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 25 cm. in diameter, the branches reddish brown; bark thin, light brown; leaves 5 to 10 em. long; catkins 9 cm. long or shorter; strobiles 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 5. Alnus arguta (Schlecht.) Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 15: 205, 1841. Betula arguta Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 139, 1882. Alnus arguta cuprea Bartlett, Proc, Amer, Acad, 44: 610, 1909, Alnus arguta subsericea Bartlett, Proc, Amer. Acad. 44: 610. 1909. Tamaulipas to Veracruz (type locality), Oaxaca, and Chiapas; apparently also in Chihuahua. Tree, 6-to 7.5 meters high, the branches brown; leaves ovate or obovate, 4 to 10 em. long; strobiles 2 to 8 cm. long. The Chihuahua specimens were referred doubtfully to A. glabrata by Bart- lett, but seem essentially the same as A. arguta. This species has been referred to A. acuminata H. B. K., A. ferruginea H. B. K., and A. jorullensis castaneae- folia (Mirb.) Regel, none of which is known to occur in Mexico, 6. Alnus glabrata Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 40: 26, 1904. Alnus glabrata durangensis Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 611. 1909. Hidalgo to Oaxaca; Durango; type from Monte San Nicolis, Guanajuato. Large or medium-sized tree; leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, coarsely dentate, acuminate. “Aliso” (Durango). A. glabrata durangensis Bartlett is a form in which the lower surface of the leaves is glaucescent; it may be specifically distinct. Specimens of A. glabrata have been reported from Mexico as A. rhombifolia Nutt. - STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 169 2. OSTRYA Scop. Fl. Carn. 414. 1760. 1. Ostrya guatemalensis (Winkl.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 292. 1905. Ostrya italica virginiana guatemalensis Wink], in Engl, Pflanzenreich IV, 61: 22. 1904. Ostrya mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 292. 1905. Veracruz to Tabasco and Chiapas. Guatemala (type locality) to Costa Rica. Tree, 12 to 15 meters high or smaller, with thin, light brown bark; leaves ovate, doubly serrate; staminate flowers in slender catkins; fruits surrounded by bladder-like bracts, arranged in strobiles like those of common hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Commonly known as “ guapaque.” This is very closely related to O. virginiana (Mill.) Koch, but seems fairly distinct. In the Guatemalan form the pubescence is slightly more copious than in the plants of Veracruz, but there appears to be no essential difference between the two. The wood of the ironwood is very strong, tough, and durable. It is used for railroad ties and other purposes. The bark is used for dyeing and tanning. _8. CARPINUS L. Sp. Pl. 998. 17583. 1. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 236. 1788. Carpinus caroliniana tropicalis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 15: 28. 1890. Veracruz to Jalisco and Chiapas. Guatemala; eastern United States and Canada, the type from Carolina. Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the trunk up to 60 cm. in diameter, usually compressed or fluted, the bark thin, smooth, grayish; leaves oblong-ovate, acu- minate; staminate catkins 2 to 3 cm. long; wood hard, light brown, very difficult to work, its specifie gravity about 0.73. “ Lechillo,’ “palo silo,” “palo ba- rranco” (Michoacin, Altamirano). Carpinus caroliniana tropicalis is a form with more copious pubescence than the type. Both forms of the American hornbeam occur in Mexico. INDEX. (Synonyms in italics. ] Page Abedul __-_-_-__----------------- 167 Abeto _________-_---------+------ 59 Abies ________---_------------- 58, 59-60 Acahuite__________-------------- 59 Acalocahuite______--------------- 54 Acanita _-_-___._/-_-------------- 54 Acanthorrhiza ____--------------- 73 Aceite de abeto ___-_------------- 60 de palo _____---------------- 60 Achiotlin__._-______-------------- 154 Achotlin __-_____.---------------- 154 Acoyo___------------------------ 151 Acrocomia______-_---------~------ 83 Acuyo --------~~---~------------- 150 Aecxoyatl _-__-------------------- 59 Agave ~-----_----------------- 107-142 aboriginum ___--------------- 115 abrupta ____----------------- 1382 acerva ~~~ 130 affinis________--------------- 127 albicans_______ ---..---------- 135 albida___-__-_---~. --- eee 125 aloina____-~- Wee eee ---- 135 americana _____ --_----------- 182 amoona ~ ~~~ ~__------------- 123 amurensis __--_-- ------------ 139 ananassoides__~__------------- 121 angustiarum_____-_____------- 139 angustifolia ____._--_--------- 114 angustissima___-____--------- 141 applanata _._.-_-__. ---------- 125 argyrophylla_—----------- Hau 106 aspera —_-__-_---------------- 18 asperrima —----------~------- 1383 atrovirens ___-_---_------- wo 150 attenuata ___---------------- 134 aurea —-__- Wo eee 126 auricantha —~~~~~---~- oo ee 123 avenallidenms __--_--_----_-~--- 127 bakeri ~~~ ~~ ------------- 117 bagrteri______--------- ~ oe 120 bedinghausii —_--------- ------- 123 | bergeri____- oo eee 115 bernhardii__ ~~~ -§ >» - 135 bessereriana — ~_~~-__----~----- 120 Dlanda ~~~ ~~~ 130 bonneti ~~~ -- ~~ ---— ~~~ -- 123 bonnettiana ~~~ ~--____~------ 128 botterii __------- ~o eee 135 bouchei _.___- -- -- ------------ 135 bourgaei _________----------- 131 bracteosa _____-__----------- 133 brandegeei___—~--------- oe 127 126651—20 12 Agave brauniana __-- caespitosa ____-_- californica_————- candelabrum_-__-_ eantala__-----~~ cantula ~------- carminis_______- cervus ~~ ------- chiapensis ~_-_-- chihuahbuana_—_— chloracantha ~_._.--__--------- cholulensis___ ~~~ cinerea ~_-_______._---_----~---- citrulaced _~~_ ~~~ coarctata__—---- coccinea_—__~---- cochlearis —~-_--~- cochleata______~- collina__-_----- compluviata —_~- concinna ~_-__--- connochaetodon — consideranti ___— consociata__———~ convallis _-_.--- corderoyi ~---- eons He costaricensis —___- crassispina__--—~ crenata __--~--- cucullata__———-- cupreata _____-- dasylirioides __-_ datylio__--_---- dealbata ~~----- deamiana___-~~~- debaryana__~——-~~ decaisneana__—_—~— decipiens ~----~-- densiflora___..~_— densispina ___~~—~ dentiens_____--~ deserti________- desmettiana ~~ ~~ deweyana____-—- disjuncta______— dissimulans__~_~-— 7 donnell-smithii__ echidne ___-__-~_- VIII Page. Agave echinoides___----_-- -o----- 142 eduardi _.___---_-__----------- 134, ehrenbergii _-____-____----_-- 135 elegans ~-----_------------ 123, 1380 ellemeetiana ____-_____-_----- 134 elongata ________-__--------- 116 endlichiana_________--------- 115 engelmanni ______--_--------- 135 erubescens____-__.___-------- 114 expansa___________--__---~--- 132 expatriata________ ~------- +e 138 faleata_______________--___-- 142 felina___________------------ 129 fenzliana__________________-- 124 ferox _.______-__---__---_--- 128 filamentosa __-___--_____-__-_ 141 filifera _..____________--__-__ 141 adornata ~_-_____-------~~-~ 140 flaccida_______--_---------- 114,118 flava_____-_-_____-_---_----- 130 flavescens_______------------- 120 flexispina________-___-_-___-_ 133 foliosa _________-__---------- 130 fourcroydes_____-__-_--_---_~ 119 franzosini _.____________-_--- 131 funis___________________-____ 130 funkiana _.____-_-___-_-_---_- 186 galeotteit _-._-_____-________-- 135 geminiflora _-______----___---- 141 sonorae ~-_______--____-- 140 ghiesbrechtii_________-__-_--_- 137 gilbeyi horrida_.._._--------- 137 glawea _~__---___--_---------- 130 glaucescens ________-_---_---- 134 glomerulifiora____-__---__----- 136 goeppertiana_____-_______-__-_ 135 goldmaniana_______-_--______ 125 gracilig____.-._-____-_-_------- 128 gracilispina______--_----_---__ 129 grandidentata_____- ---------- 137 gray ~~~ ~~~ --- ee 120 green —____--_~_~_ ~~ 118 guadalajarana__—___- _---Ha HH 123 guedeneyri___________-__---_- 135 gutierreziana________.___--____ 116 hartmani___________________~ 140 haseloffi _-----_- oe eee eee 135 hhaynaldi ~.-_-_-___-___________- 139 heteracantha_____-____-------- 136 hookeri__.--._--___-_______-_--- 12: horizontalis_______~_ _~------ ee 135 horrida __-___--_-_--~--~-______ 137 houghii ~-_-_________________ 134 huachucensis_-_____-____-_--- 125 humboldtiana __-.--___-_______ 135 hurteri______________________ 121 hystri@ 2 ee 142 imbricata ~ ~--~-~-~--- ~~ 123 inaequidens__~____-_---------- 124 ingens _---------__~-------__ 132 inopinabilis ~-____-.__--_--~-- 138 insulsa ~~~ ~~ ~~~ 130 integrifolia _._-_.-_.___-__-__ 120 intrepida _--_________-____-_-_ 133 ixtli ---_-----__-___ ee 119 karwinskii ~_~_______ oa 117 INDEX. Page. Agave kellermaniana____________~_- 121 Kellockiti ~.-..-_-___-____-__- 134 kerchovei ~-_.._________--_-- 138 kewensis _____________------- 135 kirchneriana_______--____--__ 118 knightiana __~-___-_---___---- _- 141 kochit ~-.-____-___--___----- 139 lagunae —________-_____-__- nuk 122 lamprochlora ~-~-_------------ 135 latissima ~______-___________- 128 lava ~~~ __-_ ee 117, 118 lawifolia _________-___-____-_ 117 lecheguilla ~---.-_-__..--__---- 136 leguayiana __-__-__-- 137 leopoldi ~---_--_------------- 123 lespinassei ~_--_--_-_-___---_ 115 lindleyi _-__________________- 135 linearig ~-_ -_-_.----___---___ 120 longisepala _._--_______-_____ 116 longispina ~.----__--__-__-_-- 133 lophantha ____________-______- 136 lurida___._-__~__~______ 122 lutea___-_----_--_-__-------- 130 macrantha___-________________ 136 macroacantha________________ 120 macroculmis ~..-_---_____-__~ 128 maculata ~.--_---__._- 130 madagascariensis _..-._-__-_-- 118 mapisaga________-______-_-_-- 130 margaritae _-_.______________ 127 maritima__.._---- ~~ 141 marmorata —~~___________ ee 131 martiana ~____~____ Ween 135 mavimilianea ~ ~---_- 130 megalacantha __________ a 123 melanacantha -~______________ 135 melliflua ~_-__-________________ 129 mescal _______-___-___-___--- 123 mericana_—__-_- ~~~ 123, 132 micracantha __--__-_-_________ 135 minarum —____~~--____________ 122 miniat@ ~~ ---- ~~ 130 minima ~~ ~~ ee 119 mirabilis ~~-_________________ 131 miradorensis____--___---___ 121 mitis ~-.-.-.-__-_____ ae 135 mitraeformis ~~-~-___________ 128 muilmanni ~ ~------__________ 135 mulfordiana _________________ 140 multilineata ~~~ ee 136 nelsoni-_____-_-__-__ 128 nickelsi ~~~ ~~ 5 eek 140 nigr@ ~---____-__-_ ee 130 nissoni__-_ 136 nivea --__. -__ 120 noackii__-______-_____ 135 noah____-__--__-- 125 oblongata_____-_-__-___________ 135 obscura ~~~ ~_-~__-_ 137 oligophylla__-_--_-__-__--__-- 120 opacidens_______-_____-______ 122 orcuttiana______ wane ee 124 ortgiesiana _______-__-___-__- 141 ottonis___-_____~-___-_--__-__ 135 pachyacantha ________-__-____ 124 pachycentra ___-.~-~~~--_--_ 121 INDEX. Ix Page Page. Agave pacifica_______------------- 118 | Agave scolymus ~--------~-------- 123 pallida _.____--------------- 121, 130 sebastiana_____-_-____------- 124 palmaris ____---------------- 116 seemanniana___-------------- 122 palmeri ___------------------ 133 selloum __-_----------------- 128 panamana ____-_~------------ 114 serrata___------------------- 128 parrasana —_----------------- 125 serrulata —~~----------------- 123 parryi ______---------------- 125 shawii _._.---_--_------------ 124 parviflora_____--------------- 140 sicaefolia_____-_------------- 120 patonii_______--------------- 125 silvestrig__..__------------ 119, 130 paucifolia ____-__----------- 120, 142 simoni _____-__-_------------ 136 peacockii _____--------------- 137 simonis ____-_---------------- 136 pedrosana __-_---.----------- 116 simsii____-_-_------------- — 123 pedunculifera______---------- 134 sisalana_______-_------------- 118 pendula __------------------- 135 smaragdina____-------------- 130 perlucida_____--------------- 135 smithiana __----------------- 135 perplerans__--_-------------- 141 sobria______----------------- 127 pes-mulae __-._-------------- 117 spectabilig_____-__------------ 116 picta ____------------------- 132 spinaceum____--------------- 130 polyacantha ~___------------- 135 spinosa____------------------ 130 poselgeri ___. _--------------- 136 spinosissima ___- Oe 130 potatorum___---------------- 123 spiralis _____---------------- 117 potrerana ____--------------- 138 splendens —.__--------------- 139 praestans____------- _-------- 130 streptacanthe____------------ 123 pringlei ___._.---------------- 126 striata _.___-_--------------- 141 procera —-------------------- 130 echinoides___._-__-------- 142 profusa _____---------------- 130 stricta _-_____-_---------- 142 prolifera _.___-_--------- _. 119,123 stricta _.-____---..----------- 142 promontorii_--_-------------- 126 stringens __._-_--------------- 114 pruinosa ~____--------------- _ 134 subfalcata ____--------------- 120 pseudotequilana -___---------- 119 subsimplex_---_--------------- 127 pugioniformis ____------------ 120 subtilis _.____--------------- 116 pulverulenta —_--~------------ 123 subzonata ______------------- 129 pumila_____----------------- 136 sudburyensis _____-_----------- 120 punctata ___----------------- 114 sullivani ____---------------- 119 quadreta ____--_------------- 123 superba _-___---------------- 130 quiotifera ______------------- 129 tecta ____------------------- 130 rasconensis_____---~------ Lie 122 tehuacanensis_—--------------- 123 recuru@ ___------------------ 141 tenuispina_____-------------- 122 regeliana________------------ 121 tequilana______-_------------ 119 regia _____---#.-----+------- 135 theometl _.__---------------- 123 rhodacantha___-------------- 117 thomasae_______--_---------- 121 rigida elongata____----------- 119 thompsoniana _____----------- 135 sisalana_______-_--------- 118 todaroi____------------------ 131 rigidissima ____-------------- 138 toneliana____-------~------- 106, 139 roezliana________------~------ 137 torosa@_________-------------- 130 rohanii____---__-_-_-_---------- 137 tortispina ------------------- 121 roseana ______----------~----- 127 toumeyana ~-_--------------- 140 rotundifolia_---_------------- 128 triangularis_______----------- 137 rubescens____-____----~--~----- 114 uncinata ______-_------------- 136 rubra_______-_---_----------- 130 univittata _______------------ 137 rubrocincta______-_--------- _- 135 variegata__------------------ 130 rudis __________------------- 135 vera-cruz___----------------- 123 rumphii____----------------- 118 verschaffeltii_____-_---------- 123 rupicola_____---------------- 135 vescead _-_____---------------- 130 salmdyckii_____-------------- 135 vestita ____------------------ 140 salmiana ________-_---------- 130 vexans __--------~~---------- 120 gracilispina____---------- 129 victoriae-reginae_____-_--___--- 139 samalana___________--------- 122 vilmoriniana_______---------- 134 sortorit _..___________--____- 135 violacea __-_-_--------------- 130 saundersii ___---- ~o ee a 123 viridis—— een nena 130 scabra __..----.-_----------- 125 viridissima _----------------- 117 : vittata_________------------- 139 schidigera________----------- 140 sivipara____----------------- 118 ortgiesiana _____--------- 141 wallisii_...______----------_- 135 schlechtendalii__-_------------ 131 warelliana__________--------- 135 schottii _.-_-_--_--_------------ 140 washingtonensis____--_-------- 139 xX INDEX, Page. Page Agave weberi _----- -__ = 128 | Bahama hemp____________________ 118 wercklei_____________________ 1382 | Bald cypress_________________ 60 whitakeri_...- 130 | Ballf..__________ We eee 84 wiesenburgensis _-.___________ 120 | Balsam fir_-___-___________________ 60 wislizeni ~~ 125 | Bamboo ________ 65 wrightit_~.-__-__- 114 | Bambos _________________________ 69 xalapensis_-______-._--________ 136 | Bamboseae________ 65 xylonacantha __-______________ 139 | Bansfi______-_ eee 59 yaquiana ~~~ 120 | Baquifia-______________________ 149 yuceaefolia ~~~ 134 | Basquifia______-_-____-____________ 149 zapupe________~__ 115 | Bayberry______--_-_-________ = 164 zonata ~~~ 129 family _-_----_______________ 164 Aguamiel_____-_-- 128, 129 | Bear-grass_______-_-____-____--__ 94 Ahuehuecte__--__- 60 | Beaucarnea ______-_____________ 95, 97-98 Ahuehuetl_____ woe 60 | Beefwood_______-_______-_ 145 Ahuejote --_--__-_-_--____ 160, 163 family _-.-__------__-.______ 145 Aile__—-- ---- 167 | Bejuco de chiquihuite___________ 102, 103 Alamillo__----_____-_--e 158 de membrillo_______________ -- 103 Alamo__—~-______- 0----------- 157, 159 de visnaga____-_______________ 144 blanco ~__~_ 157 diente-de-perro —-_____________ 103 Aleacatza__--- == 10% | Bentham, George_________________ 63 Alcohol __.~_--__---_--2- 93,99 | Berlandier, J. L_---~~_~-___________ 101 Alcotfn ~-----_--- 155 | Bermejo____________________ ee 119 Alder ---_- = 167 | Beschorneria___.--._-_- ~~ 106 Aliso__— ~~~ 167,168 | Betel pepper_____________________ 145 Alligator juniper_...-___. 62 | Betula _~_____-___________________ 168 Alnus____-~-- 167-165 | Betulaceae____-_____________ ~-- 167-169 Aloe__-~_-~_-_-~--- ee 88,107 | Bilimek _-_-------_______________ 69 American __~___-_-___ 107 | Birch family_-__~-~____________ 167-169 blue ~-~__ wee eee 123 | Black cottonwood __-_______-_______ 158 Manila____-________ 119 pepper -------____-___-__-___- 145 Alsophila _--~-~___-_-_ eee 41, 48-46 poplar _---__-______ anne 157 Alzate, J. A___-___-- 15,18 walnut_—-~~_~~-~_- ee 165 Amaryllidaceae________ 105-142 | Blue aloe_______________________ 123 Amaryllis family_____._.__-_____ 105-142 zapupe_______---___-________ 116 American aloe___-__________ | 107 | Bom cabalsfih____________________ 77 Amole_____-_____________ 89, 96, 107,140 | Bombay aloe fiber___-_-_________ | 119 Amphidesmium (subgenus of Also- hemp —-__~__-__~-~ =e 119 phila)----_-_-- 43 | Bonapartea _________-_-_____- 141 Anadendron_____-__--__.----_____ 85 | Bonpland, Aimée —____2 _______.___ 18 Anatis ____________ ee 96 | Botanical exploration of Mexico____ 9 Anisillo _--_~-- eee 151,155 | Bourgeau, E_-_----______________ 131 Araceae___----_----_ ee 85-87 | Brahea____-________-__.--_ ee 7h, T5 Arbol de la cera__.-----__- 164 | Brandegee, T. S_----_____________ 74 de la Noche Triste____________ 60 | Brea____________________________ 56 Artanthe caladiifolia______ ~ aL _ 150 | Cabulla _--_-_-__--__________ 105 chamissonis_.~-----_--______ 8 153 | Cabuya _---_--_______ ee 107 decipiens _--_________________ 154 blanca ~--_-_-___-_______ ee 107 jalapensis ~~~ 153 con espina___________________ 107 leucophylla __.__- 154 Olancho ________~__ =e 107 melanosticta___-__-___________ 152 | Cahuite _-_-__-_-____ ee 59 memicana__-___- 154 | Cajum ---_-_--_~ ee 106 potomorphe_____-§_-__-_-_-_ 152 | Cajum-ci ~_---____-_-_-___ 106 sancta ~~~. ~~ ee 150 | Calibanus _____-______- ~~~ 97 Arthrostylidium__~_--_-_-_-__-= 70 Calyptrogyne __-__________________ 76 Arum family__---~_______________ 85-87 Cana ~-~~-_-- ve4 Arundinaria _---_----~__~_____ 69 | Cafia boba_______________________ 66 Arundo____--~-- 66 brava_—------------ 66, 69 Aspen____--_~_- 158 de casa____~-----~- =e 66 Astrocaryum____-_______u- 83 de Castilla__--___-______ ee 66 Attalea ~~~ 222 83 hueca______-__~-____ 66 Ayacahuite _--__---__ 54 | Cafiatilla___.-._._________________ 64 colorado___~--_ ~~~ 54 | Caflaveral _~_--_____- a 66 Ayle ----_______ =e 167 | Candelillo _-------- ee 117 Bab-ci --_-___- 119 | Cane, sugar_____________=________ 65 Bactris______-------_--________ - 84 | Carpinus_-_---_____________ 169 INDEX, XI Page. Page. Carpunya (subgenus of Piper) __--_- 146 | Cibotium_____-___-____-----~_- 39, 41, 47 Carricillo_____.------------------ 66 | Ciprés _-_._____------_..--- 60, 62, 63, 145 Carrizo___--__-_-_-_-_-_-- e+ 66 de México______---_---------- 63 Carya______--------------------- 166 de Montezuma____-----__--_-~ 60 Castera, Ignacio________-_----~--- 14 | Cipreso____-_____----------------- 59, 60 Castillo, Juan Diego de___-----~--- 13 | Citam-ci--____-___--__-_----------- 119 Casuarina _-___________---------- 145 | Cnemidaria (subgenus of Hemitelia) —~ 42 Casuarinacene___________--------- 145 | Cocaiste____________-------_---_~-- 75 Catana__________________-------- 106 | Coeccobryon (subgenus of Piper) —- ~~ 146 Catbrier__________-_------------- 101 | Coco_---------------_------------ 82 Cedar_____________----------~--- 61 de aceite _-_--____-__-_-__-_- 83 incense_______-_---------~--- 63 de agua -----.--------------- 82 Cedro________-_ ~~ -- + 61, 62, 63 de castillo.___-___-__--_______ 82 amarillo_______--___---------- 62 de Guadalajara________-___-_~_ 83 blanco _____________--------- 63 | Cocolmeca _---------------------- 104 ecolorado___._-___-___---------- 62 falsa_____-______---_-_---__--_- 144 de la sierra____-__----------- 62, 63 | Cocolmecan -_------------------- 104 Central American sisal__-_____---- 107 | Coconut --_---___---------------- 82 Century plant____---------------- 107 | Cocos _----_--------------------- 82, 83 Ceratozamia _.______-_----------- 49 | Cocotero _-___-____--__----------- 82 Cerda, Juan _-__-_--------------- 13 | Cocoyol _..----_------------------ 83 Cervantes, Vicente____-_-__--------- 13, 18 de jauacte__________---_----- 84 Cesi, Federico_____--------------- 12 | Cocoyul _------_-__-------------- 83 Chac olol____-_---~___----------- 164 | Cohune_____---_----------_-_--_- 83 Chamaedorea_________-_---------- 77-82 | Cola de mono____------------_-_-~-- 39 affinis_______________________ 81 | Collinia_________--------- --_---- 79 alternans_____________------- 78 | Cook, O. F. ---------------.------ 70 cataractarum ____________--_-~ 80 | Coontie___________--_-----------_- 49 elatior _..._________--_------ 80 | Copernicia_______-__------------- 73 elegans_______________------- 79 | Coquino_______---______________- 83 ernesti-augusti-_______ ——— 79 | Coquito _______--_---------_----- 83. graminifolia _.___________---- 82 baboso __.------------------- 83 humilis _-.___.-__________--- 79 | Cordoncillo ____ 145, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 karwinskiana _..__________--- 82 blanco ___-_-___------__----- 153 klotzschiana _________--__---- 81 | Cordyline_____------------------- 97 liebmanni _______________---- 80 | Corozo ______---------__--------_ 83 lindeniana_____-_-__--------- 81 gallinazo _-____-___________-_- 83 lunata _--__________ ee 81 | Corrimiento____-_---___-_--_-_------- 145 martiana ________________---_ 78 | Corypha ___---------------------- 73, 75 montana ____-_____-__------- 81 | Cottonwood_____-________-___-_--~_ 159 oreophila _______-_---_------- 80 black_____----_-------------- 158 pochutlensis _________-_------ 82 | Coulter, Thomas___--_--______-__- 57 pygmaea _______-__---------- 80 | Coyol__---------------- ---- +e -e 83 radicalis _.______-__---_-------- 81 | Coyole _-_---------------------_- 83 sartorii --_-___________-__---- 79 | Cozolmécatl______________________ 104 seandens ____-_-------------- 80 |! Cryosophila__________--___----____ 73 schiedeana___________---_-~-- 81 | Cuau-coyotli _------_-__-----__-_~ 83 stolonifera_________--_-_-__--- 79 | Cubeb berries-________--_--__-____-_ 145 tenella__._~-_-____- ee 80 | Cucharilla_______________--___-__ 101 tepejilote_________-------- -- 78 | Cupressus _____----_--_-----__-__ 62-63 wendlandiana ______-_- wees 79 | Cyathea __--__--------__------ 39-42, 46 Chamaerops ~-----------------...- 73 | Cyatheaceae ____--_-----_--_---_- 38-47 Chama] ______---------------- .-- 48 | Cycadaceae __-__------_-----__-__ 47-5) Charles III of Spain, expedition oY__ 13 | Cyead family_---_-_------__-___~ 47-50 Chato___________ -o oo --- eee 116,119 | Cypress --.--------------------__ 62 Cheech_________--______-----_---- 106 bald _-_-_____--_-----_----__ 60 Chelem______-__-____-_-_--------- 119 of Montezuma___________-__-_ 60 Chilpanxohuilt_-__---_ ~--__----. .- 164 Dasylirion________----------_--- 98-101 Chino azul__-______-_-_~-------~..- 119 aerotriche __________-___-_-__ 100 bermejo _-_---------------- 117, 119 berlandieri _-_.__-__-__- a 101 Chiquihuite_.-___-____-___-_-_-_-- 103 bigelovit_____-..-__--~- —-a-- He 96 Chloranthaceae____ ee 156 caespitosum_____------------- 97 Choc6n_________-_------------- -- 84 cedrosanum____--__~------__-- 100 Chopo___--_-_------------------..- 159 durangense ____- -- Le 101 Chucum-ci____~----~----~~-~ ~~~ 119 erumpens_ ~~ eee 96 Chusquea____-----~----_- ~~ ------.- 69 glaucophyllum —~_-_-------_-_-- 100 126651—20——_13 XII INDEX, Page, Page. Dasylirion glaucum__~_~~-~--_--_-____- 100 | Fiber, Bombay aloe___ 2 = 119 gracile _--_____ ~ oe - 98 ixtle _--_--_-__-_________ 93, 107, 129 graminifolium_____.__________ 101 Matamoros _____ 107 hartwegianum__~___ ~~ 95 palma ixtle--_ ~~~ ee —— 89 hookerii__~--- 97 Tampico ~~ 88, 93, 107, 142 inerme ~~ ~~~ ------ 98 yueca___ 89 junceum____~--_~-_~ ~~ 95 | Fire ----- —_ 59. juncifolium___--_ eon 101 balsam____-___ =e 60 laviflorum —____ ~ oe ee 101 Douglas__----- - 59 leiophyllum________--___-___.. 100 | Fourcroya__~~- 105, 106 longissimum _________________ 101 | Funck --_--_-- =e 76 longistylum_______.~-________ 100 | Fureraea____-- = 105-107, 118 lucidum___~__--~~.----_____- 100 | Fureroea ~~ ee 105 palmeri —__-_._____ an 100 | Galeotti___.______- Hanne a 76 parryanum___-__--_-__~________ 100 | Gamboa, F. X___~_-- ee 13 pliabile.___-_-§ $e 98 | Gavilin, Joaquin...) 13 quadrangulatum________- ----- 101 | Geonoma -_--~- ~~~ ~~~ 76 recurvatum — ~~ a 97 | Ghiesbreght, August o-- 76 serratifolium ~.-__-__-_______ 101. | Gin-----_-- ee 61 simplex _---__-_________ -... 100 | @iaueothea _----__-__- ee 74 strictum_________-----_~--- -- 98 | Gleichenia_____-__-_____..________ 37, 88 texanum ~ ~~~ = 100 | Gleicheniaceae —~~~ _... 836-88 wheeleri_-__-__________--___ 101 | Gnetaceae —~ ~~ ~...... 68-64 Date pajm________ 76 | Goldman, E. A_--_----- 98 Datil _-.--_-- eee 76 | Grass family _..-_--____- 65-70 Datiles_..--_---- ~~~ ee 90,9. | Gray agave. _ 120 Deam, C. C______- ee 121 | Green agave —----__- es 118 De Candolle___~__-~-_-__----_--_- 16 zapupe_ = 115 Descourtilz, M. H_-___-______-___ 153 | Greenbrier,------- 101 Desmoncus ~~~ $$ 5 5 ee 84 | Gregg, Josiah .-__--- _ 5S Dewey, L. H----------_------___- 115 | Greggia__-___, ee 58 Dicksonia___-_--__-_________- 46, 47 | Gretado amarillo __-___--_-- 5 62 Dicranopteris -____________________ 36-38 galfn =~ =e _ 63 Dioon____--____-____ ~~ 48 | Grisebach, I. R. A ~~~ 8 67 Dioscorea _--_--___-_----_--__- 142-145 | Guacoyul___---- 88 Dioscoreaceae____- ~~ 142-145 | Guanito talis_--__-__- oe 77 Disphenia_________--__--_--__----- 40 | Guano de costa _-------- 71 Douglas fir _---__-_--------__----- 59 de lana _~-__- ee _ 71 Dracaena______----_----------___- 141 | Guapaque 28 oe 169 Duges, Alfredo___-_____ ------- e+ 144 | Guapilla._____ Woe Wo 142 Dugesia__-.--_____----__________ 144 | Guaya de bajo----- 77 Dulees __-_------------.----+----- $2 de cerro__--- ee 77 Dunal___-____-__--------------- 16 | Guayame 8 eae 59 Dunguey ~--------------- 103 | Guayita__--_--_--- 77 Dunguez blaneo __---__-____-__ --- 108 | Giierigo ______ one _. 159 Echeverria, Atanasio-___._________ 14 | Giifn_ ope oo eee 66 Hleutheropetalum __-__--_..- -- 79 | Guiri-biche 9 =e 51 Enckea (subgenus of Piper) ~~~. ___ W8 | Gynerium —_-- 2 65 decrescens 2-2 155 | Hachogue__-_--__--- 152 kunthti_.._____-_-_-__-________ 155 | Hallarfn ee 59 lindenii _-__-----_----------- 155 | Hartman, C. V_______-._ -. 140 platyphyWla____-__-------__- 156 | Hartweg, K. To ----- 56 schlechtendalit _...___-_--_-__- 151 | Heckeria (subgenus of Piper)______ 146 variifolia__________.--------- 152 umobellata ~~~. _ 149 Enebro-_---~--_--~--------------- 62 | Hedyosmum _____________ oo 156 English walnut _---~~_~__~-_______ 165 | Hemistegia ~~. -—§ = =e 42,43 Ephedra —~_~-__________ —-------- 638-64 Hemitelia ~~ ~~~ 40, 42-48, 44 Ephedrine _--_--_____-_-____ 64 | Hemp, Bahama__-__-~~-_~_______ -_. 118 Erythea_.2-2----- == a 74-75 Bombay ----«----------.----- 119 Espadilla._..-_-_---_ 2 ee eee 120 Mauritius TT 105 . Sisal_-_ = 107, 118, 120 Espadin_____ --- eee te 141, 142 ; . os Hemsley, phytogeography of Mexico_ 3 Espinoza .-_--------------------- 117 Henequén ~____ ~~ 107, 120 Estoquillo —__________-----_-__-___- 141 | Hernfindez, Francisco... 10 Falsa cocolmeca____-_--______ a 144 | Herrera, Alfonso ___.__..________. 7 False sisal______--_------~ 117 | Hesperaloe __~--_-- ee 88 INDEX. XIII Page Page, Hesperoyuccea ____-__--------~---- 88 | Lily family_.-------_--~-- woe 87, 101 Hickory____-__-_____------------ 166 | Limber pine-_---------__--------- 54 Hicoria _..._---_-__------------- 166-167 | Linden __-__--__-----~-_-_-__-_---- 76 Hierba santa _--________--__-_---- 150 | Littaca (subgenus of Agave) __—~-~- 112 Higuillo._--- =» © 5 ++ 153, 154 dealbata ___---__-----~--- aaa 142 de lim6n __________---------- 155 geminiflora _----------------- 141 oloroso_________------- 153, 154, 155 roeglii _.._________--_------- 140 Hintimoreal ____-_--------------- 64 | Lloyd, F. E---------------------- 140 Hitchcock, A. S__~--__------------ 65 | Longinos, José__----------------- 15 Hoja de ajfim___-----------~------ 150 | Lophosoria (subgenus of Alsophila) — 43 de anfs____________---------- 150 | Lophosoria_--------------------- 44 de jute____--------- wee _ 151 | Lumholtz, Carl _---__----------- 55, 140 de la estrella ____--------- ‘-- 151 | MacDougal, D. T_---------------- 160 santa ___________-_----------- 150 | Maguey __------------~ 106, 107, 119, 180 Hop hornbeam ~_--~-------------- 169 blaneo___--_-------------- 129, 131 Hornbeam, hop__-~--------------- 169 ceniso ______-___------------ 129 Horsebrier______----------------- 101 chino ~_-_-_------------------ 129 Huallame_____----~-------------- 59 cimarrén___~ ~~~ -§-------- 128, 130 Huaneanalfi __-_----------------- 164 curandero ~~~ ------- ++ 131 Huano ____~_------ ~~ ------------- 72 de mezea] ______------------- 124 Huejocote ___----------~--------- 169 delgado __---_--------------- 118 Huexot] ____--_------------------ 160 liso __-_______--- +--+ 128 Huirigo _.___-------------------- 158 listado______-___-_--------~--- 132 Huiscoyul ___-------------------- 83 manso ___----_--~-------+-- 129, 130 Humboldt, Alexander von__-------- 18 manso fino _-_--------------- 130 Iezotli ----__-------------------- 92 mapisaga_______-_--------+-- 131 Tename _______------------------ 143 pinto _-_-_------------------- 132 Tfiame ~_____°--_---------------- 143 serrano_________-_---------- 129 Incense cedar __------------------ 63 tuxtleco___~_~- + 118 Inodes __------------------------ 71-72 verde____-_-____---------+-- 128, 129 Ironwood ~____------------------ 169 verde grande —-_------------- 130 Isote ~~ ~~ ---- ~o ene 93 | Magueyon___-_------------------ 116 Itabo __-_-__-_--- (oo eee eee ---- - 92 Maldonado ~._~-__-_---~----------- 14 Ttamo real_____-----~------------ 64 | Malque____-_---------------- _-=- 45 Ixtle____-__------- 115, 119, 129,156,142 | Manaca __---------------------- _ 83 de Jaumave_____-~--~---------- 136 Manfreda __---__- ~~ -------------- 107 fiber____ __ _____------------ 93, 107 | Manila aloe _-_------------------ 119 manso ___~~--~--------~------ 115 | Mano de zopilote____--_-_-------- 149 Ixtli --- ----_-------------------- 88 larga --------------~------- “117, 119 lzote_______- Woe --- 92,93,98 | Matambilla ___._-------- Wee 84 Jalocote______-----_------------- 56, 59 | Matamoros fiber___.__-_------------ 107 Japa__-_---------~-------------- 72 | Matico______------------------ 152, 154 Joint-fir family ------------------ 63-64 | Mauritius hemp_-~ ~-~------------- 105 Juglandaceae_______------------ 165-167 | Maxon, W. R___-____-------------- 36, 38 Juglans __-----~--------------- 165-166 | Maya language____—-__--------~--- 7 Juniapra —--~- ~o ee eee +--+ 151 | Mecapatli _-------------------- 1038, 104 Juniper, alligator_____------------ 62 | Mertensia_____------------------ 37, 38 common___---~----~---------- 61 Met]_-___------- ~ oe eee 130 Juniperus__—-_-------------------- 61-62 | Mezcal___ 107, 116, 117, 118, 120, 124, 130 Junquillo ~~ -------------------- 101 azul ___ -__-- --------------- _ 119 Karwinsky ~_---------~----------- 80 blanco _-___ ~~ -- ~~~ ~~~ ----- 119 Kellerman, W. A__---------------- 121 cucharo ~~~ - =~ ~~ --------- 119 Kunth, C. S__-_-_----------------- 18 de pulque _------------------ 130 Lacistema __-_---------- ~_------- 156 de Tequila____---_----------- 119 Lacistemaceae ~~-----~----------- 156 grande_______--------------- 116 Lagasca __----_~----------------- 15 | Miche _--~--- — eee 75 La Llave, Pablo de_~~------------ 15 Micheros _______-_---~~----------- 72 Lasiacis..-____-_---------------- 66-69 | Michire ____--------------------- 75 Lechillo____ _____---------------- 169 Miraguano ~----~---------------- 72 Lechuguilla___-------------- 36, 124, 137 de lana___-------_----------- 71 Leon, Nicolfis ----_--------------- 10 Mixtee language.—---------------- 7 Libocedrus ~-~~~~-----~ eee 63 Mocifio, J, M-_~-----~-~---------- 14 Liebmann, F, M__-------~--------- 80 | Mohr, Charles__—----------------- a Lilia ~~ ~_~-__------------------- 106 Momo______~----------- oo ee 151 Liliaceae_____- - --§ -- ------------- 87-101 Monaco ____ ~~ -- oo —_ 83 Lilium ~~~ ~~~. one ee eee 106 blaneo ~~ ee - 151 XIV Page, Monstera__-_____.---- 85-86 Méoga -__-__--_______ ~e- nena 104 Mueller, Frederick____-___---§_-____ 149 Myrica__________~_-__- roe 164 Myricaceae ______---__- ee 164 Nahuatl Janguage____________ | 7 Name___------ 1438 Nanahuapatle__-__--________ Le 103 Nangate___-_-_----- 148 Naval piteh____________ wee 51 Nelson, FB. W_ --~---_____________ 54 Neowashingtonia _________________ 73 Noa ~------_-_-----_~_- 140 Nogal___--_--__----___________ 165, 166 de nuez chica_______________ 167 morado____----~-___~--_______ 167 silvestre__-.-________ 166 Nogalillo _-_-__---_-__-___________ 166 Nolina ~~~--_____-_-- 94-97 Nuez chiquita____________________ 167 de Castilla _--_--____________ 165 encarcelada___-__-___~________ 167 grande —___-___-----___-______ 165 lisa__--_____-___- 167 meca.___~-- ~~~ 165 Nunnezharia______----.~._--_~______ 80 Nut pine.__-._-_____-___________- 53, 54 Ocopetate.______-__---__-_ ee 39 Ocote ____---__-_--__ ie 51, 56, 57, 58 blaneo ~~~ ee 54, 55, 56 chino _-____-_____ ee 55 hembro____-----~-~~__~-__ ee 56 macho —~___-_~-----___---_ 56, 58 Ocot] _---------------- Le 51, 56 Ocotzol ~_~~--_-- eee 56 Oil of tar_---_-------__-_______ 51 Oleacatzin_-_____-_-_ eee 104 Olmo ______--~-~_ ~~ ee 159 del pafs____-_---_-__________ 167 Olyra --_-__----------- 66 Oreutt, C. R--- ~~~ ee 124 Ortega, C. G____---_-_- 13 Ostrya___.-~-- w------- 169 Otom! Janguage-_________________ 7 Ottonia (subgenus of Piper) _~-_-_~ 146 Oyamel __.--_---------___------- 59 Oyametl____-_---_--__----__-uu__ 59 Pacanero____----------~-_- Le 167 Pacas___-__-----+----_--_________ 104 Palm, coconut_-__-----____________ 82 date -~-----_~-- q6 family ---_---_--~-_~_______ Le 70-84 Palma —__-_~~-~_--~_---- 49, 92, 93, 94 apache______-__--__-_____-_. 75 blanea ~--____-______.-______ 72,74 ehina ~-_~~_~_~-__________ ee 93 colorado___________--- 72. corriente ___--_____________ 93 eriolla _----_ ~~ ee 94 eculona ___~---~~-~-_~_____ ee 98 de abanico___-_______________ 75 de Castilla____-_---___~__ 73 de coco______-______ 82 de coquito de aceite___________ 83 de datiles_______-_-____________ 92 de escoba__________ ~-- eae 73 INDEX. Page. Palma de garroche________________ 84 de guano____________________ 72 de la virgen --_-_____-_-__ 48 de macetas _-_-.--_ ee 48 de micheros______________ 72 de San Pedro ~~~ 93 de sombrer) _--_-____-- =e 75 de Tlaco __-__________________ 74 dulce ~~~ rts) ixtle___----_ eee 89 loca ~-_~-_~_~ ee 92 negra ~----__-___ 72, 74 pita _----__-____-_- 92 real _--- 71, 72, 83 redonda ___-________________ 71 samandoca_______-__~-- 89, 93 San José ~~____ 91 soyal _-_--____-e 75 Palmer, Edward _____________ 8, 100, 133 Palmilla —~_~___________ 74, 91, 94, 96, 141 Palmillo______- = eee 73 Palmita_______-__________ a 91, 92,142 Palmito _-_____________ So 75 Palo barranco____________________ 169 de fguila_-.-_ == oe 16% de lama____~__ a 167 Silo__--__~-_----_-- ee 169 Paniceae _-_- ee 65 Panicum ____ ~~~ 67, 68, 69 Papalomet] ______________~__ 123 Papayo___-__-_---_-_ 13 Parillin —~ ~~~ = ee 104 Parry, C, C__-----____---___ 100 Pato de mula _________ ee 117, 119 Pavoén_______ Bo ee 13, 17 Pecan ___~__- 167 Pentamén ~~ = ee _ 60 Pentamu —_ ~~~ ee 60 Peperomia___—_~- 6 ee 145 Pepper, betel_____________________ 145 black ~~~ Moe _oue 145 family_____________________ 145-156 Philodendron_____-_-__ ~~ 86-87 Phoenicaceae_______ eee 70-84 Phoenix _________ eee 76 Phoradendron______/_-»__- 157 Phragmites_________.___________- 65 Pié de mula_________-_-______ 117, 119 Pimo _~_____ ee 75 Pinabete______________________ 57, 59, 63 Pinaceae ________________________ 50-63 Piflanona__________--____________ 85 Pine ~_-_-___ 50 family _-____________________ 50-63 limber __-_-____-_-_--__-_-__- 54 nut_______-_~___-~_~__ +e 53, 54 sugar = = 55 tar _—-- 51 yellow --_. 0-2-2 oT Pino________-_______________ 51, 59, 145 acahuite ____________________ BA barb6én______________________ 51 blanco ___________~__-_____-___ 56 eahuite ~~ ~--__-_--__-__ 54 de Australia__~_-_____________ 145 de azf@iear____-____-___________ 51 INDEX. XV Page. Page. Pino de corcho___-_-------------- 59 | Pinus veitchii _--___------------ — 54 de Montezuma ___------------ 56 wincesteriana____------------ 56 oyamel______-_-_------------ 59 | Pinyon__------------------------ 53 pifi6n_______-__------------- 53 | Piper _------------------------ 145-156 prieto____------------------- 51 acutiusculum —~----_---------- 155 real____.--_------- 54, 56, 57, 58, 59 aduneum ____-_-_------------- 153 triste _____-__________-------- 51, 55 angustifolium_____-_--------- 154 Pifi6n_____________-------------- 53, 54 auritum____-__-------------- 151 Pifiones _-__--------------------- 53 begoniaefolium__------------- 156 Pintillo _-_____------------------ 140 berlandieri _--__------------- 152 Pinus____----_---------------- 50-58, 59 betle______-_----------------- 145 altumirani__----------------- 56 bourgeaui __-._--__----------- 150 apulcensig ______------------- 56 bredemeyeri __--------------- 156 arizonica______-------------- 57 caladiifolium_____-_---_-_----- 150 ayacahuite ___-_-------------- , 54 cardiophyllum___~~----------- 156 bonapartea ___--------------- 54 ceamothifolium___------------ 155 cembroides —~-_--------------- 53 chamissonis_____------------- 1538 cembroides edulis_._.__-_-------- 53 chinantlense __-__------------ 156 monophylla _------------- 53. citrifolium ~_.-_------------- 153 chihuahuana___-------------- 55 colipanum___-_----_---------- 153 contorta__------------------- 58 commutatum________------- _- 150 coulteri _-__-_--------------- 57 cordillerianum —_~----~---~--- 149 devoniana ____--------------- 56 cordovanum __--------------- 152 edulis__._-_----------------- 53 cubeba ____-___-_--__--------- 145 ehrenbergit _-_-_-------------- 56 cuernavacanum ——-~~------ _-- 149 engelmanni __---------------- 57 decipiens __------_- ~--------- 154 filifolia_____----------------- 56 decrescens____-_------------- 155 flexilis _-___-_-_--------------- 54 descourtilsianum ~~----------- 153 reflewa __---------------- 55 diandrum ___------------- _- 149 gordoniana ~----------------- 56 dilatatum ____--------------- 151 greggii______.--------------- 58 disjunctum —_-_-------------- 149 grenvilleae __---------------- 56 fischerianum ____-------------- 153 halepensis_____-----------~-- 51 geniculatum ~_----_---------- 152 hartwegii__------------------— 56 hirsutum ~~ ---------------- 154 jeffreyi____------------------ 57 hispidum __------------------ 154 lambertiana ____--_---------- 55 jalapense —----- ~------------ 153 latisquama _____------------- 54 jaliseanum ~_~--------------- 155 lawsoni ___-_----------------- 56 karwinskianum __-------~----- 150 leiophylla ____--------------- 55 kerberi ~_-___-__------------- 156 lindleyana_____-------------- 56 kunthii ~_-______-_----------- 155 llaveana______--------------- 53 lapathifolium ~~_------------- 150 loudoniana _____--__--------- 54 ledebourii ~.-__--------------- 156 lumholtzii --_---------------- 55 lepturum —_-_~- ~------ + -- a= 151 macrophylla _____------------ 56, 57 leucophyllum __-------------- 154 monophylla__-__-_------------- 53 liebmannij ~_--_------~------ 154 montezumae —__-_-_---------- 56 | lindenii __.--___--_----------- 155 nelsoni_____-__-------------- 54 macrophyllum __-~-~------~-- 153 oocarpa ___---__------------- 58 marginatum __--------------- 155 orizabae________-_----------- 56 medium ________-_-- _-------- 155 osteosperma ______---_------- 53 megalophyllum _-~~- ---------- 151 parryana_____--------------- 53 melandstictum ~_---..-_------- 152 patula ___-___--_------------ 58 melastomoides ~-------------- 154 pinceana ~~ ~~_-~—--~- ~- nae 54 mexicanum —~___-------------- 154 pinea _____------------------ 51 miradorense __--------------- 156 ponderosa _____-------------- 57 misantlense_____------------- 1538 pringlei _____-__-_--_-_-------- 57 muelleri ~------------------- 149 pseudostrobus____--_--------- 56 multinervium —~___------------ 156 quadrifolia ~----------------- . 58 neesianum_______-_--_---- — 149 reflexa _.____-_--------------- 55 nervosum —~_~--~------------ 156 rudis _.__-__---------------- 56 nigrum __-_~---~------------ 145 russelliana __-_-------------- 56 nitidulum ~___--------------- 156 strobifermis ___-_------------- 54 oaxacanum —~_-~~-------~------- 152 tenuifolia __-__-------------- 56 oblongum —____- (oe 151 teocote__________--__--------- 55 orizabanum ___-_~---~-------- 156 macrocarpa_____-_--~---- 55 palmeri ~---.~-~------------- 151 XVI INDEX, Page Page. Piper papantlense __-______________ 150 | Retama real ___-------_- . 64 patens ~-__--__~___ 156 | Roezlia__.__.____-____ 106 patulum ~~~___-______ 156 | Rose, J. N__----_-_--_ 72 plantagineum _____________ —_- 150 | Roulinia__-----_--_ 97,101 platyphyllum —~_______________ 156 | Ruiz... 13 populifolium _.~.__-___-______ 156 | Sabal____--- 71, 72 potomorphe______________ 152 | Sabat, Juan____________-. 17 pseudoasperifolium ___________ 151 | Sabino___-___---_--_ 60, 62 reticulosum__________~_-__ 156 | Sacalacahuite__---____-__- 54 rohrii ---------_ 152 | Saccharum ~~. 65 sanctum ~~ ~~ ~___-uee 150 | Sac-ci_--_-_-__ 120 schlechtendahlianum _________ 151 | Saequi _-_-_----e 120 schlechtendalii __-____________ 151 | Safford, W. B.-----------_- 13 smilacifolium __.______-_______ 154 | Salicaceae______.. 157-163 stipulaceum________________ 156-| Salicin-_-_-_--- 160 teapense ____________-__ 150 | Salix--_-.------ 160-163 terminale__-..-.-- 155 babylonica _-_____-____________ 160 tiliaefolium___-_-_--__.______ 150 bonplandiana ________________ 162 trichophyllum________________ 156 cama____ 163 triquetrum _________ 156 endlichii _-.._-_______________ 163 tuberculatum —_~___-_-__ 153 exigua ~-- 2 162 uhdei __--__----______-__ 155 gooddingifi-__________________ 162 umbellatum____-______-______ 149 hartwegii_.___________________ 163 unguiculatum ______._________ 155 humboldtiana __._____________ 161 variifolium ~.-~.___._________ 152 Jaliscana ___________ 162 yucatanense _________________ 149 lasiolepis____________________ _163 zacuapanum —~___~__ 150 latifolia__-..- 163 Piperaceae_______-_-__-_- 145-156 longifolia angustissima ________ 1638 Pita _--_____-___ 105, 107, 132 mexicana____________________ 163 Pita-ci ________ pone 119 microphylla____-_.--- 162 Pitamoreal __-_-___- eee 64 nigra __-_____-_____ 161 Piteh __-_ ~~ 51, 61 oxylepis _-_----______________ 163 pine____--____-__-_-_ 51 oryphylla ~~~ 161 Pito de bejuco_______________ 68 pallida____- 162 Pitsomel ___---____---._______ 131 paradoxa__________________ 163 Pittier, key to families of tropical pringlei _-._-_-__-_-_____ 163 American plants______________ 5 rowleei________-_ 163 Platanillo _-~-.--___-_______ 153, 154 schaffnerii _..._._--_-_________ 163 de monte______-_____________ 154 stipulacea —_-__-___-_--- 161 Platyzamia ~~~. ee 48 taxifolia__._..._-____________ 162 Poaceae __~__- weenie 65-70 thurberi_____________________ 163 Polypodium____~_~~~__-________ 40, 44, 45 wrightii ---___...---__________ 162 Poplar, black __-___-_-_-_-_ 157 | Samandoque _____________________ 88 white___-__________ 157 | Samuela___________________ 89 Popotillo _--__--_-_______-_ 64 | Sanguinaria_________-_-- 64 Populus____-__-__-_____ 157-160 | Santa Marfa ___________ 150, 151 Prit hardia_______---- 73 | Santilla de comer_________________ 150 Pseudotsuga ___________- 58-59 de culebra __________ 149 Pujai ~~~ 76 montés_________-_ 154 Pulque_______________ 128, 129, 130,131 | Saponin._____________.. 107 Pulu______~~~~_~-__________ roe 39 | Sarsaparilla _-_-__._.___________ 104 Purpus, C. A____-__--_ 48 | Sartorius, Car] _--________________ 79 Quacoyul______-_-_- 83 | Sauce___---_-___ 145, 160, 161, 162 Quauhcoyolli_______--- 84 | Sauz______-_____-_ 160, 161, 162 Quauhmecapatli______-_- 103 blanco _~-~-_~_~ 161 Quaumecapatli _--_-_-- 103 llorén______ aoe 160 Quiote _-_--_---_--_-_ 129 | Schiede, C. J. W.----_-__-______ 81 Rabo de mico____________________ 39 | Schilleria karwinskiana____________ 150 de zorra___-_--_ 154 lapathifolia ~-_-.--- 150 Rafz de China__...---_--_ 104 leptura__.-_--__-_-___ ~oe nee 151 Ramtrez, phytogeography of Mexico_ 3 | Schlechtendal, D. F. L--___________ 151 Recchi, N, A---___________ 11 | Schott, A. GC. V______--____ 92 Reed__------_----__--__- Le 65 | Seemann, Berthold _____._-________ 122 Reinhardtia_______-___-..--_______ 77 | Seguin -----_----__-_--__ ee 119 Reko, B. P__-__-----_--__-__-____ 7 | Senseve, Jaime_-_________________ 14 Resin __-__-__-~-~~__ ee 51 | Sessé, Martin.__._.__________ 13 INDEX. c Taye Sisal, Central American___-_--..--- 107 false_.____------_----------- 117 hemp —_--------------- 107, 118, 120 Smilacaceae____---------------- 101-104 Smilax_________--------------- 101-104 family ____---------------- 101-104 Smith, J, D_---------------------- 117 Soldadillo ___-_------------------ 154 Sopladores___-_------------------ 100 Sotol __.___----------------- 48, 99, 100 Sotolito _.__--------- Wu --a eae 142 Soyale ___-__-------------------- 75 Soyamiche___-------------------- 73 Soyate ____---__------- 75, 91, 96, 98, 142 Stachyphorbe __------------------ 80 Steffensia (subgenus of Piper) _—---- 146 Stephanostachys___--------------- 79 Sudaderos ____------------------- 93 Sugar cane __-------------- ~ouaee 65 pine _--__------------------- 55 Suza_____________-----------~---- 66 Syngonium ___--_---------------- 87 Vampico fiber_------ a 88, 93, 107, 142 Tannin _________----------------- 160 Tar_______---------------------- 51, 56 Tarais ____.__------------------- 162 Tarasecan language_____----------- 7 Taray-------------------------- 162 de rfo_.__2--_---------------- 162 Tascate ______------------------- 61, 62 Tatahueso_____------------------ 39 Taxaceae_____------------------- 50 Taxate_______------------------- 62 Yaxine____-.-------------------- 50 Taxodium _______---------------- 60 Taxus_____---------------------- 50 Teatlale________----------------- 63 Tepehuexote __------------------- 160 Tepejilote ____-_----------------- 77, 78 Tepexilot] ____------------------- T7 Tepopote ___--------------------- 64 Tequila _-_-__-------------~------ 119 Testudinaria______--------------- 144 Thrinax____-__-------------+---- 71 Thurber, George------------------ 163 Tibisf_________------------------ 66 Tlamapaquelite___---------------- 150 Tlanepaquelite _.__-__-------------- 150 Tlanepaquilitl___-_--------------- 150 Tlaseal_______------------------- 63 Tlaseale____-____----------------- 63 Tlatzcin__.___------------------- 62 Tlazzefin _____-_----------------- 63 Tnuyucu —--_--------------------- 60 Tree-fern family_----------------- 38447 Trelease, William__--------------- 87-105 Trementina de ocote__------------ 56 de pino _----------------- --- 56 Trichosorus——_—~--~---------------- 44 Trithrinagy ~..----~-------------- 73 Tuba ~._.----------------------- 82 compostura _----------~------ 82 Turpentine _--._._----------------- 51, 56 Type locality, definition of--------- 6 Uhde, C. A_--------------------- 155 XVII Page. Vara de San José____-__---------- 114 Vine-fern family____-------------- 36 Walnut, black____----_------------ 165 English_____----------------- 165 family _-__---------------- 165-167 Waslhingtonia_____--------------- 72-73 Weeping willow ------------------ 160 White poplar _------------------- 157 Wild zapupe _--_-_--------------- 115 Willow family _---------------- 157-163 weeping______-__------------ 160 Wislizenus, Adolf _-_-__-_-------- _ 159 Wright, Charles _-_._--:----------- 162 Xaan _______-------------------- 72 Xal6cot] _---------------------- - 56, 59 Xcoché_______------------------- 103 Xiat___-______------------------- 82 Xix-ci________------------------- 119 Xmacolan ___-_------------------ 151 Xtue-ci__________---------------- 119 Yaga-bizie ____-_----------------- 167 Yaga-chichicino ___._._-_----------- 60 Yaga-gueza _____----------------- 160 Yaga-guichi xifia _-___------------ 60 Yaga-xifia __-_------------------- 75 Yahuindayasi ____---------------- 106 Yam__________------------------ 143 family _.__-------------- —~. 142-145 Yaxei____________--------+------- 118 Yax-qui __-___-_------------------- 118 Yaxtehe-ché ________#------------ 155 Yellow pine___------------------- 57 Yew —__-___---------------------- 50 family __-_------------------ 50 Yueca________-------------------- 89-94 acrotricha _..__--------------- 101 aloifolia___-___-_-_------------- 91 angustifolia radiosa_---------- 91 argyraea@ _~.-_---------------- 106 argyrophylla___-------------- 106 aspera@ ___--_---------------- 92 australis _______------------- 93 baceata australis ___--_-_------- 93 macrocarpa__—----------- 94 boscit___--__-_---------------- 141 bulbifera _-_-_-_--------------- 106 brevifolia _.___--------- a 93 canaliculata ~_--------------- 92 circinata ~_-_----------~------- 93 decipiens__------------------ 93 elata ____------_-- (ee 91 elephantipes _-_-------------- 92 endlichiana_____------------- 93 funifera__------------------- 88 guatemalensis _-_----~------- 92 jaliscensis__—--__--»---------- 92 longifolia___----------------- 97 macrocarpa_-_-__- wou ee 94 mohavensis ___--------------- 94 parmenticri___--------------- 106 parviflora ___--------------- - 88 periculosa ___---------------- 93 pringlei ___.----------------- 106 radiosa ____----------------- 91 rigida _____._---------------- 91 XVIII INDEX, Page, Page Yucca rostrata___-__-____________ 91 | Zapupe___-__-_-- 107 rupicola__.__-___~_ =~ 91 azul ~---~____ 116 rigida_.-_-____- 91 blue ------- = 116 8chidigera _~--_________ 94 eimarrén___~ ~~~ 115 schottii ~-------- 92 de Hstopier_______ 116 serratifolia —~________________ 9 101 de Huatusco_______________ 115 serrulata__—-- 2 2 91 de San Bernardo_____________ 116 thompsoniana________________ 91 de Sierra Chontla _-____-______ 115 toneliana_______-_-----_____ 106 de Tantoyuca______ “oe 115 treculeana___________________ 92 de Tepezintla _-____________ -- 115 treleasei _-----___--_________ 93 de Vincent -----____________ 115 valida _---~~__- ee 93 green ~~~ 115 whipplet —_-___-----------__- 88 silvestre _-____._____________. 115 yucatana______-___ 92 verde_____ 115 Yuco-teyeye_---_ 75 Wild________-_~_~_~-~-_ 115 Yucu-ndatura___---______-____ 60 | Zarza___--_-___-- ee 108, 104 Yutnu-itne__~_~-_-_-__ 61 | Zarzaparrilla____________ 102, 103, 104 Yutnu-fun ~~--~__-_-_____ 75 de la sierra---___-__ 104 Yutnu-nuu ~~-~-_-_- 160 de Tierra Caliente__._________ 104 Yutnusatnu, —----------- 56 de Tulancingo _-________ | 104 Zacate cortador_____-______ 94 | Zarzén__---_--_- 103 de aparejo____---._-__________ 94 | Ziguin_--____--- 119 de armaz6n___-________-_____ 94 | Zoyacapulin _--_-_-_+_-_ 76 Zamia___-------- ~~ 48, 49-50 | Zoyamiche__.__________.-.. 73 Zapalote .-------_---__ 117, 119 | Zoyate__-__--__- ~ 75, 98 Zapotec language_________________ 7 | Zoyaviche _----_--_-- ee 73 o™ SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 23, PART 2 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO (FAGACEAE-FABACEAE) By PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM II PREFACE. The present part of volume 23 of the Contributions is a second installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, assistant curator of the United States National Herbarium. This portion of the work extends from the oak family to the bean family, both inclusive. Some of the largest and most important groups of Mexican plants are included in the families here treated, which contain many species of economic value. The account of the oaks has been prepared by Dr. William Trelease, of the University oi I]linois. . Frepertck V. Covitie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 111 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO.’ By Pau C. STANDLEY. 22. FAGACEAE. Beech Family. The only representatives of this group native in Mexico are the oaks, which belong to the largest genus of the family. The Old World chestnut (“castafio,” the tree; “castafia,” the nut), Castanea sativa Mill., is said to be cultivated occasionally in Mexico, Oaxaca, and other states. 1. QUERCUS L. Sp. Pl. 994. 1753. (Contributed by Dr. William Trelease.) REFERENCE: A. De Candolle in DG. Prodr. 16 *: 2-109. 1864. Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, deciduous or persistent, entire, toothed, or lobed, the teeth and lobes often bristle-tipped; flowers monoecious, the staminate ones in slender catkins; stamens 6 to 12; pistillate flowers solitary or in small clusters; ovules 6, but only one maturing; fruit an acorn, sub- tended by an enlarged cup (involucre). The genus Quercus is very abundantly represented in Mexico; indeed, no other country has so large a number of species. In this region the oaks are found chiefly in the mountains. In northern Mexico the species grow at comparatively low altitudes, in the arid mountains, but they occur also at high altitudes in the larger ranges, such as the Sierra Madre. In southern Mexico oaks are almost confined to the high mountains, but a few species occur near sea level. From an economic standpoint oaks are very important. The wood is of the highest quality, being very strong and durable, although these characters vary in different species. It is used for an infinite variety of purposes, especially where strength is desirable. It is highly valued for furniture and for the interior finish of buildings, for ship building, wagons, railroad ties, and many other purposes. As fuel, also, it is unsurpassed. No other group of hardwood trees furnishes wood which is so widely used, in Mexico as well as elsewhere. The bark, too, is important economically, being one of the most widely used tanbarks. Several species of southern Europe have very thick, corky bark, which furnishes the cork of commerce, The leaves of oak trees are often punctured by insects, and as a result galls (“manzanitas de encina”) are formed. These are frequently of the most beautiful and bizarre forms, and often brilliantly colored. They sometimes contain as much as 60 or 70 per cent of tannic acid, and consequently they are excellent for use in tanning leather. They are widely employed also for making ink. Oaks are almost unsurpassed as shade trees in temperate regions. Because of their tough wood they are seldom broken by wind. Their broad tops give them a handsome appearance, and they are very long-lived. . The acorns (“bellotas”), too, are of considerable economic importance, although less so now than formerly” In early times they were an important 1'The first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, comprising the fami- lies Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 23, Con- tributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920. 2Qee V. Havard, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 118-119. 1895. 171 172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. food of the American Indians, especially those of California and certain parts of Mexico, and they are still employed to some extent. Acorns contain starch, fixed oil, citric acid, sugar, and astringent and bitter principles, Sometimes they are sweet enough to be eaten raw without preparation, but usually it is necessary to rid them of the bitter principle. This is done by shelling and skinning the seeds, then pounding them into meal. The meal is washed re- peatedly in water and then boiled as a mush or baked as cake or bread. White oaks (subgenus Leucobalanus) have the sweetest and most palatable acorns and have been the most generally used. All the live oaks (such as Quercus virginiana, Q. pungens, and Q. oblongifolia) are said to have edible acorns, but the black oaks (subgenus Erythrobalanus) were not extensively employed. The Indians of the southeastern United States obtained from the acorns of Q. virginiana a sweet oil much used in cooking. In more recent times acorns have often been roasted and employed as a substitute for coffee, or as an adulterant of it. Oaks are of little importance in medicine. In Mexico the staminate catkins are reputed anodine and antispasmodic, being used as remedies for vertigo and epilepsy. The bark and acorns are sometimes used as astringents. One of the most interesting products of these trees is the lac, widely known in Mexico, which is produced by certain seale insects, or Coccidae. This, pre- sumably, is produced on various species of oaks, and also upon trees and shrubs of other families. The following account, by, Urbina,’ of its production upon Quercus reticulata, may be quoted here: “It seems worth while to mention here the manna which forms on Quercus acuminata H. B., an oak which grows at Medina, on the boundary between the States of Michoacin and Mexico, which was studied by Sr. D. Melchor Ocampo, who gave the tree the name of Quercus mellifera, its vernacular name being encina de miel. According to Dr, Oliva (Lece. Farm. 2: 84), in May it produces an abundance of a globular rough substance, which turns black and resembles manna. Sr. Dr, D, Manuel M. Villada brought back from an ex- cursion which he made to Medina a branch of this tree, black as if the bark were covered with rubber, due to a fungus which had formed in such quantity that it gave rise to a thick layer, in whose midst appeared very fine threads, long and transparent, like caramel, and which, in my opinion, are produced by a Coccus or aphis which feeds on this sugary substance. The excess is emitted in threads whose peculiar form is due to the abdominal tubes of the aphis. The explanation of this seems to me to be the following: In the month of May there is an abundant secretion of glucose produced by the bark of the oak, which is taken advantage of not only by the aphis which make these caramel-like threads, but also by the fungus which attacks the bark. “Under the circumstances, I believe it desirable that a study be made of this product, which, in the opinion of Sr. Oliva, may be a manna, a presump- tion apparently justified by the existence of two organisms; the fungus and the Coccus, which develop simultaneously, using the same food—the glucose. And as this principle is the dominant one in manna, I believe with Sr. Oliva that this oak under favorable conditions produces this substance, which should be analyzed carefully, after visiting the place where the oak grows, and study- ing the manner of its formation, in order to comfirm or correct this view.” The vernacular names applied to the species of oaks can be given in only a few instances. Many names are found in literature, but the species have been so confused that no confidence can be placed in the determinations. The usual Spanish names are “encina” (live oak) and “roble” (deciduous oak), ' Naturaleza 7: 105-106. 1900. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 173 with various modifying adjectives. The following names also are reported for species not identified: “Alcornoque ” (Oaxaca, Michoacan ; this is properly the name for the Spanish cork oak); “cucharitas,” “ peinecillo” (Oaxaca, Reko); “encina memelita”; “ charrasquillo”” (Durange, Patoni; shrubby species) ; “ encinilla ” (Durango, Patoni; shrub, 40 cm. high or less). The usual Nahuatl word for oak is written “ahuatl,” “ ahoatl,” and “ aoatl”’; the following variants are reported: “Ahoaquahuitl,” “ ahuaquabuitl,” or ‘‘ aua- quauitl” (oak-tree) ; “ ahuatetz,” “ auatetz,” ‘‘ahuatetzmolli,” “ auatetzmulli ” (live oak); “ ahuacoztic ” (yellow-oak) ; ‘“ ahuatzin pitzahuac” (narrow-leaf oak); “texmole” (Michoacéin); “ ahuatezon” (Morelos, Mexico); ‘‘ahuato- matl ” (acorn, literally “ oak-tomato” ; sometimes corrupted as “ aguatomate ”’) Geographic names relating to oak trees are: Ahuatepec, “ oak-hill ”; Ahuachi- chilpa, “in the red oaks”; Ahuatlin, ‘near the oaks.” Reko gives the following Zapotec names used in Oaxaca: “ Yaga-yoo,” * yaga-reche,” ‘“ yaga-xoo,” “yaga-cino,” “ yaga-zache.” Belmar lists the following Mixe names: “Kook” (acorn); “ sho”; “shokiup”; “ shotidnit” (acorn). Otomf names, according to Buelna, are “méttza’”’ and “ndezi” (acorn). Gonzdlez gives the Zoque name as “ camay-cuy.” A name reported by Ramfrez from Michoacin, probably Tarascan, is “ tarecuen.” I. Fruit (not known in nos. 6, 7, 11, 15, 21, 26, 28, 34, 39) maturing the first season; shell of acorn not woolly within, the abortive ovules at or near its base; stigmas short and broad, nearly sessile; leaves not aristate, but sometimes with tip and teeth pungently mucronate. LEUCOBALANUS. A. Leaves, or many of them, serrate, never very small. B. Acorn (so far as known) large or very large (20 to 70 mm. in diameter). Leaves large. Acorn depressed-globose___--------------------------- 1. Q. insignis. Acorn short-conical______-_-------------------- 2. Q. strombocarpa. Acorn elongate. Teeth of leaf mostly larger. Acorn very large (40 mm. broad and 60 mm. long). Scales short, in rings__.___-_------------------------- 3. Q. cyclobalanoides. Acorn distinctly smaller (830 mm. broad and 50 mm. long). 4, Q. excelsa. Acorn ovoid______--____---_------------------------ 5. Q. galeottii. Acorn unknown. Leaves rather blunt-toothed. Leaves distinctly short-petioled_________---------- 6. Q. pinalensis. Leaves nearly sessile______-------------------- 7. Q. chinantlensis. Leaves moderate (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 10 cm, long), sharply serrate. 8. Q. leiophylla. BB. Acorn unknown. Leaves polymorphous on the same twig. 41. Q. diversifolia. BBB. Acorn moderate (scarcely 15 mm, in diameter). Leaves moderate, nearly all toothed. : Leaves finely venulose-reticulate on both faces_-_--- _-9. Q. lancifolia. Leaves heavily reticulate beneath, rugulose above. 10. Q. glabrescens. AA. Leaves, or many of them, crenate or shallowly round-lobed, never very small. Fruit never very large. Leaves blue-green, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, coriaceous, not rugose. Leaves elliptic or oblong, low-crenate___~~~--~------ 11. Q@. glaucoides. Leaves obovate, more deeply crenate_-~-~---~---- 12. Q. glaucophylla. Leaves green, or else rugose or not coriaceous. C. Leaves glabrate or somewhat thinly puberulent. D. Leaves oblanceolate-ovate. Fruit unkown____15. Q. nudinervis. 174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DD. Leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate. Leaves subacute, scarcely rugose___________________ 14. Q. idonea. Leaves very obtuse. Leaves somewhat rugose and puberulent______ 38. Q. arizonica. Leaves not rugose, glabrate, Leaves finely low-venulose beneath ________ 15. @Q. nudinervis, Leaves heavily veiny beneath________________ 16. Q. standleyi. DDD. Leaves elliptic-oblong, characteristically crenate only above. Fruit subsessile; acorn exserted_______..___ | 19. Q. sororia. Fruit stout-peduncled; acorn nearly included______ 20. Q. germana, DDDD. Leaves oblanceolate. Cup scales thickened. 13. Q. tuberculata. Acorn oblong, rather slender (10 to 15 mm. in diameter, 15 to 25 mm. long. ) Leaves slender-petioled, round-based________ 17. Q. polymorpha. Leaves short-petioled, subcuneate at base____18. Q. juergensenii. Acorn round-ovoid, thicker__----._-__- 19. @. sororia. CC. Leaves transiently silvery beneath, elliptic-oblong or obovate. 52. Q. breviloba. CCC. Leaves pale-tonientulose beneath, broadly oblanceolate. 21. Q@. glaucescens. CCCC. Leaves dingy-puberulent or tomentulose beneath. Peduncle mod- erate or rather long. Leaves not extremely large, distinctly or slenderly petioled. Leaves scarcely more than undulate_______ 30. Q. peduncularis, Leaves crenate throughout, not very rugose. Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate__________ 22. Q. martensiana, Leaves subpandurate, becoming glabrate______ 23. @Q. liebmannii, Leaves crenate only toward the apex, rugose, pandurate. 24. Q. pandurata. Leaves large (20 cm. long or more), very short-petioled or very thick- petioled, rugose. Leaves round-obovate, very obtuse. Peduncle thick. 25. Q@. macrophylla. Leaves more elliptic-obovate and pointed__________ 26. Q. resinosa. Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic. - Peduncle relatively slender. Leaves not pandurate. ‘Leaves rather acuminate, crisped__________ | 27. Q. circinata. Leaves blunt or subacute__.----- 28. Q. magnoliaefolia, Leaves subpandurately narrowed________.._ | 29. Q. lutea. CCCCC. Leaves tomentose beneath, rugose. Peduncle long. Leaves often very large (15 em. wide and 25 em. long), obovate. 37. Q. decipiens. Leaves never extremely large. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Leaves rather large (5 em, wide and 10 em. long) ; peduncle moderate_________-- 30. Q. peduncularis. Leaves smaller (scarcely 3 em. wide and 8 cm, long); peduncle filiform______--_-__-_- ~- ee 33. Q@. laeta. Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic. Scales of the rather large (20 to 25 mm. broad) cup lax. 31. Q. hartwegi. Scales of the smaller cup mostly appressed. Leaves broadly pandurate-obovate__________ | 382. Q. laxa. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 175 Leaves elongate-obovate, subglabrescent._34, Q. bonplandiana. Leaves round-obovate or subelliptic. Leaves crenate_._._------------------------- 35. Q@. rugosa, Leaves repandly mucronate, whitened beneath. 36. Q. reticulata. AAA. Leaves, or most of them, entire; fruit nearly sessile. E. Leaves tomentose beneath and rugose above, or else blue-green or very small. Leaves relatively large (fully 2 cm. wide and 4 cm. long), very rugose and revolute. Leaves obovate-elliptic, subcordate_...--------------- 39. Q. greggii. Leaves broadly elliptic, round-based_—_--------- 40. Q. aculcingensis. Leaves usually very small (scarcely 2 cm. wide and 3 cm. long). Leaves rugulose and revolute, rather blunt. Leaves deciduous____----~-------..---- ___..42. Q. microphylla. Leaves evergreen or nearly so___------------------ 438. Q. repanda. Leaves not rugose, commonly acute_----------------- 44, Q. intricata. EE. Leaves glabrate (scurfy-puberulent in Q. grisea), deciduous. Leaves neither rugose nor coarsely veiny. Leaves elliptic or oblong, very obtuse, blue-green. Leaves relatively narrow (1.5 cm. wide, 4 cm. long). Acorn striate. 45. Q. engelmanni. Leaves characteristically broader (3 cm. wide, 4.5 cm. long). 46. Q. oblongifolia. Leaves very broadly elliptic, more or less puberulent__--47. Q. grisea. Leaves lanceolate, acute, very small__--------------- 49. Q. pringlei. Leaves not rugose, veiny beneath. Acorn short_-~------- 19. Q. sororia. Leaves rugose, undulate, veiny beneath. Acorn elongate. 17. Q. polymorpha. EEE. Leaves canescent beneath, evergreen. Leaves broadly elliptic, relatively large and usually obtuse. 53. Q. oleoides. Leaves lance-oblong, or elliptic-oblong and pungently acute. Cup turbinate or rounded; acorn oblong-fusiform__54. Q. fusiformis. Cup umbonate; acorn conical_---~---------------- 55. Q. brandegei. AAAA, Leaves, or many of them, pungently dentate or low-serrate. Leaves canescent beneath. Cup turbinate or rounded ; acorn subfusiform___----- 54. Q. fusiformis. Cup umbonate: acorn conical__-------------------- - 55. Q. brandegei. Leaves not canescent. Leaves moderate, elliptic-obovate. Peduncle elongate; leaves rugose. Margin of leaves with crenate toothing-----------. - 35. Q. rugosa Margin of leaves with repand toothing__---------- 36. Q. reticulata. Margin variously entire to crenate-dentate___-__- 41, Q. diversifolia. Peduncle short; leaves only slightly rugose, puberulent. 88. Q@. arizonica. Leaves commonly very small; peduncle never very long. Leaves ovate, the minute teeth near the apex, glabrous. 50. Q. toumeyi. Leaves polymorphous in outline and margin __-------- 51. Q@. dumosa. Leaves elliptic-ovate, toothed throughout, pubescent. Teeth of leaves very short (1 mm.) ; pubescence rather woolly. 44, Q. intricata. Teeth long (3 to 4mm.) ; pubescence rather velvety. 48. Q. pungens. 176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. II. Fruit maturing the second season; shell of acorn woolly within, the abortive ovules lateral; stigmas short and rounded, nearly sessile; leaves entire to pungently but not aristately toothed. PRoTroBALANUS. Leaves for a time tomentose, rather large; a tree________ 56. Q. tomentella. Leaves glabrate, rather small; a shrub________.... 57. Q. palmeri. III. Fruit (not known in nos. 66, 70, 72, 75, 89, 92, 94, 95, 102, 103, 109, 112) often maturing the second season; shell of ncorn woolly within, the abortive ovules characteristically apical; stigmas spatulate, on elongate styles; leaves entire or toothed or often incised, the tip and teeth often aristate. ERYTHROBALANUS. A. Leaves small, coriaceous, not rugose, usually rather pungently few-toothed. Leaves elliptic-ovate, more or less scurfy. Toothing of leaves repand____...-----5 58. @. emoryi. Toothing of leaves serrate._------ 60. Q. eduardi. Leaves lanceolate. Leaves tomentulose beneath_------ 59. Q. durifolia. Leaves glabrous, or in the first subtomentose. Leaves veiny, rather elongate... 61. Q. devia. Leaves not veiny----------- 91. Q. depressa. Leaves broadly oblong or obovate-oblong__--- 93. Q. sideroxyla. AA. Leaves usually moderately large, scarcely coriaceous, all, or most of them, entire. B, Leaves firmly tomentulose beneath, rugose, lanceolate. 62. Q@. hypoleuca. BB. Leaves firmly woolly beneath, rugose, broad. Leaves obovate. Leaves not aristate. Tomentum rather straight_________ 68. Q. fulva. Leaves aristate from the veins_____..... 70. Q. chicamolensis. Leaves ovate to oblong, not aristate from the veins___71. Q. dysophylla. BBB. Leaves somewhat loosely fleecy beneath, rather large. Leaves rugose________ nee Woe 66. Q. floccosa. Leaves not rugose___------ 92. Q. orizabae. BBBB, Leaves detachably woolly beneath, granular when denuded, rugose, harrow. Cup rounded, not inrolled at margin._-..-.- 96. Q. mexicana. Cup turbinate, inrolled at margin-__---- 97. Q. crassipes. BBBBB. Leaves sparsely stellate-hairy beneath, moderate. 80. Q. oajacana. BBBBBB. Leaves sparsely scurfy, rather small. Leaves rugose, subcordate. Leaves elliptic-ovate.-..-- = ee 99. Q. castanea. Leaves oblong___---_----_-_------ 100. Q@. rugulosa. Leaves coasely bullate rather than rugose_____________ 80. Q. oajacana. BBBBBBB., Leaves glabrate, but sometimes with axillary tufts of hairs beneath. Leaves very rugose, large, acute, cordate____..____ 75. Q. rysophylla. Leaves neither very rugose nor very large. Leaves characteristically very blunt and rather broad. Acorn thick-walled; leaves slightly rugose. Leaves granular and glabrous beneath____76. Q. nectandraefolia. Leaves not granular, somewhat persistently floccose. 77. Q lingvaefolia. Acorn thin-walled; leaves not rugose. Leaves broadly elliptic or oblong. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 177 Leaves not aristate from the veins, round-based. Cup turbinate. Twigs glabrescent_____------------------ 78. Q. perseaefolia. Twigs tomentose__----------------------- 79. Q@. pubinervis. Leaves sometimes aristate, cordate_..._-------- 73. Q. aristata. Leaves narrowly oblong_--------------------- 81. Q. totutlensis. Leaves characteristically acute. Cc. Leaves narrowly lanceolate (five times as long as broad). 82. Q. salicifolia. CG. Leaves broadly lanceolate (scarcely four times as long as broad). Leaves rather large (fully 6 em. wide and 10 cm. long). 74, Q. uruapanensis. Leaves moderately small. Cup turbinately saucer-shaped_-------~-- 83. Q@. ghiesbreghtii. Cup half-round, deeper. Cup rather large (15 mm. broad) _----- 84. Q. tlapuxahuensis. Sup smaller (scarcely 12 mm. broad). Petiole relatively long (10 mm,)-~~----- 85. Q. lanceolata. Petiole short (5 mm,)-~------~------- 90. Q. ocoteaefolia. CCC. Leaves ovate-elliptic. Leaves somewhat revolute____-~------------ 77. Q. linguaefolia. Leaves not revolute_______--------------------- 92. Q. orizabae. cccc. Leaves lanceolate-oblanceolate__------------- 86. Q. laurina. AAA. Leaves rather large, undulate or pungently dentate, rugose, tomentose, 67. Q. crassifolia. AAAA, Leaves, or many of them, serrate, scarcely coriaceous. D. Leaves very rugose, or else densely tomentulose beneath. E. Leaves tomentulose beneath. Leaves very rugose. Leaves large, obovate, toothed above___~------- 63. Q. scytophylla. Leaves rather small (scarcely 4 cm. wide and 6 cm. long), subcordate. Leaves obovate__.._-__~_------------------------- 64, Q. omissa. Leaves oblong.____---------------------------- 65. Q. pulchella. Leaves only slightly rugose, large. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate__—------------------ 111. Q. calophylla. Leaves obovate_______-_------------------------ 112. Q. candicans. EE, Leaves sparingly fleecy beneath, rather large. Teeth few. 66. Q. floccosa. EEE. Leaves tomentose beneath. Leaves rather large. Leaves obovate-elliptic, the teeth few, toward the end__68. Q. fulva. Leaves ovate- elliptic, the teeth usually numerous 4nd coarse. 69. Q. stipularis. Leaves small (scarcely 3 cm, wide and 6 cm, long). Leaves rather ovate____------------------------ 71. Q. dysophylia. Leaves elliptic-oblong____--.--------------------- 72. Q. splendens, DD. Leaves only slightly rugose, scurfy or fleecy beneath. Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic, the teeth toward the end, scurfy. Petiole moderate (often 10 mm. long) .----------- 94. Q. chrysophylla. Petiole short (5 mm.). Leaves often lanceolate and entire. 95. Q. tridens. Leaves lanceolate or oblong. Teeth toward the apex of the blade__--------------- 98. Q. lanigera. Teeth along the side of the blade--_---------~------- 99. Q@. castanea. 178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DDD. Leaves not rugose. Leaves furfuraceous beneath. Teeth small_________ 107. Q. furfuracea. Leaves glabrate, but sometimes with axillary tufts beneath. Leaves thick and small, scarcely venulose____________ 91. Q. depressa. Leaves thin, or else veiny. Leaves moderate in size (scarcely 4 em. wide and 12 em. long). F’. Leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong; teeth small. Leaves rather broad, or rounded at base. Leaves evergreen, subcoriaceous________________ 61, Q. devia. Leaves deciduous. Leaves not very veiny_.---------_ 106. Q. sartorii. Leaves very venulose__.----- 108. Q. grahami. Leaves narrower (four times as long as broad), and subacute at base. Leaves neither revolute nor very prominently veiny. 89. Q. affinis. Leaves somewhat revolute and more venulose. 102. Q. cortesii. FI’, Leaves ovate-lanceolate. venulose________ | 108. Q@. grahami. FFF, Leaves oblanceolate, with coarse teeth, Twigs and petioles glabrous___..--.. 87. Q. major. Twigs and petioles pubescent______________ 88. Q. barbinervis, FFFF. Leaves oblong, rather pungently tooted. 93. Q. sideroxyla. Leaves large, with rather coarse teeth. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate. Leaves elongate (four times as long as broad), much crisped. 103. Q. huitamalcana. Leaves broader (three times as long as broad), scarcely crisped. Acorn moderately small. Acorn depressed, nearly included_________ 101. @. grandis. Acorn ovoid, scarcely half included. Leaves evergreen___.________________109. @. acutifolia. Leaves deciduous_____----- 110. Q. xalapensis. Acorn very large (40 mm, long)_______ 104, Q@. chiapasensis. Leaves ovate. Acorn very large_________ 105. Q. skinneri. 1. Quercus insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 219. 1843. Veracruz; type locality, on the flanks of Mount Orizaba. Large deciduous tree with stout villous twigs; buds glabrous, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, 10 to 15 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 7 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. long), rugose, somewhat hairy beneath, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse or submucronate, short-petioled, usually short-serrate above; acorn depressed, blunt, 50 to 70 mm. in diameter, half-included, the saucer-shaped cup with thick squarrose scales. “ Encina,” “aoatl,” “ahoaquahuitl ” (Ramirez). 2. Quercus strombocarpa Liebm. Overs. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 176. 1854, Veracruz; type locality, San Bartolomé. Resembling the preceding; leaves large (6 to 9 cm. wide, 14 to 17 cm. long), elliptic-obovate; acorn conical, pointed, 50 mm. in diameter, the lower third included in the very turbinate cup. “Encina,” “aoatl,” “ ahoaquahuitl ” (Ramirez. ) STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 179 3. Quercus cylobalanoides Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 54: 11. 1915. Chiapas; type locality, Finca Irlanda. Large deciduous tree with stout glabrous twigs; leaves large (6 to 9 cm. wide, 15 to 25 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, acute, short-petioled, coarsely and acutely mucronate-serrate ; acorn elongate-ovoid, 40 to 50 mm. in diameter, 50 to 60 mm. long, one-third included, the turbinately goblet-shaped cup with abortive scales connate in rings. 4. Quercus excelsa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1854: 174. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, Matlaluga. Twigs rather slender, glabrous; buds glabrous, small; leaves deciduous, large (5 to 11 cm. wide; 15 to 25 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, acute or subacuminate, subsessile or short-petioled, mostly cuneate, subentire or typically coarsely but acutely serrate to below the middle; acorn ovoid or elongate- ovoid, characteristically 25 to 830 mm, in diameter, 40 to 50 mm. long, the very shallow saucer-shaped cup closely covered by rather small and blunt scales. 5. Quercus galeottii* Mart. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 220. 1843. Veracruz; type locality, Santiago de Huatusco. Rather large (Subevergreen?) tree with stout glabrescent twigs and small glabrous buds; leaves large (5 to 7 cm. wide, 12 to 17 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, acute, subcuneately short-petioled, acutely low crenate-serrate ; acorn broadly ovoid, 25 to 40 mm. in diameter, 30 to 40 mm. long, one-third included, the more or less flaring, rounded cup with subappressed pointed scales, 6. Quercus pinalensis Trel. Quercus cuneifolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189. 1854. Not Q. cuneifolia Raf. 1838. Type from Cerro de Pinal. Twigs rather slender, glabrous; leaves (deciduous?) large (6 to 10 cm. wide, 15 to 25 em. long), glabrous, broadly oblanceolate, acute, more or less cuneate, short-petioled, coarsely and bluntly serrate-lobed ; fruit unknown. 7%. Quercus chinantlensis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 179. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, Lacoba. Twigs rather slender, glabrous ; leaves (deciduous?) large (5 to 6 em. wide, 14 em. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, long-acute or subacuminate, subsessile, euneate and entire below, very coarsely and rather bluntly repand-serrate above; fruit unknown. Henri Galeotti was born in France in 1814. He sailed from Hamburg for Mexico in 1835, reaching Veracruz in December. He spent six months at Jalapa, collecting living plants, especially orchids, He passed on to Vigas and Perote, and finally Puebla and Mexico. He botanized at various times in the state of Mexico, part of the time in company with Ehrenberg. In 1835 he spent two or three months in Hidalgo. At the end of that year he visited Querétaro and later J alisco and Tepic, and in 1887 Guanajuato. He ascended Popocatepetl in June, 1837; in July he visited Michoacin, and in December Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosf. In April, 1838, he returned to Veracruz and made his headquarters at the German colony at Mirador. In August of that year, in company with Funck, Linden, and Ghiesbreght, he ascended the Pico de Orizaba, remaining with his companions for 11 days in a cavern on the mountain. In 1839 he visited Puebla and Oaxaca. In 1840 he returned to Europe, where he become director of the Botanical Garden of Brussels. He died in 1858. Descriptions of some of the new species discovered were pub- lished by himself and Martens in the Bulletin de Académie Royale de Belgique. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Quercus leiophylla A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 71. 1864. Veracruz; type locality, San Bartolomé, Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and small rounded glabrous buds; leaves rather small (2 to 3 em, wide, 7 to 12 cm. long), glabrous, lance- olate or oblanceolate, acute at both ends, short-petioled, subentire to typically coarsely serrate above the middle; acorn ovoid, 20 mm. in diameter, 30 mm. long, one-third included, the half-round cup with acute appressed scales. 9. Quercus lancifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78. 1830. Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa. Deciduous tree with slender glabrous twigs and small glabrous buds; leaves rather small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 8 to 12 em. long), glabrous, venulose, flat, slightly paler beneath, lanceolate, acute at both ends, subentire or coarsely, serrate above; acorn elongate-ovoid, scarcely 15 mm. in diameter and 25 mm. long, the saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales. 10. Quercus glabrescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 06, 848. 1840. Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Deciduous tree with slender, stellate-villous or glabrate twigs and small glabrous buds; leaves rather small (3 em. wide, 6 to 10 em, long), rugulose and glabrate above, often stellate-pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, acute, mostly rounded at base, short-petioled, coarsely serrate above with revolute notches; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, less than one- third included, the shallow cup with acute, rather lax scales. An entire-leaved form is f. integrifolia Liebit. in DC. Prodr. 162: 35. 1864, 11. Quercus glaucoides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 107: 209. 1843, Quercus cordata Mart. & Gal, Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 211, 1843. Oaxaca; type locality, in the Mixteca Alta. Medium-sized deciduous tree with slender, glabrescent, and often lightly glaucous twigs, and small, at first hairy buds; leaves moderate (4 em. wide, 8 cm. long), blue-green, glabrescent, slightly glaucous beneath, subelliptic, obtuse, cordate, short-petioled, rather crenately repand above; acorn unknown, the small half-round cup with acute appressed scales. 12. Quercus glaucophylla Seemen, Bot, Jahrb. Engler 29: 95. 1900. Oaxaca; type locality, San Felipe. Differing from the preceding in its obovate crenate leaves; acorn ovoid, half- included, 10 mm. in diameter and 15 mm. long. 13. Quercus tuberculata Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 181. 1854. Sinaloa (7); type locality somewhere in the western Sierra Madre. Deciduous glabrous tree with rather slender twigs and small buds; leaves moderate (3 to 5 em. wide, 8 to 10 cm, long), elliptic-oblanceolate, rather ob- tuse at both ends or the base very acute, short-petioled, crenate and often crisped; acorn round-ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 mm, long, scarcely one- third included, the suburceolate cup with keeled or tuberculate, acute, ap- pressed scales. 14, Quercus idonea Goldman, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 321. 1916. Baja California ; type locality, Sierra de la Laguna. : Small deciduous tree with rather slender twigs and small buds; leaves mod- erate or rather large (4 to 6 cm. wide, 10 to 12 em. long), puberulent or gla- brate, elliptic to ovate or oblong, rather acute at both ends or the base sub- truncate, short-petioled, crisped, somewhat coarsely subcrenate, especially above; acorn oblong-ovoid, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, 20 to 25 mm, long, the deeply saucer-shaped cup with acute subappressed seales, ‘‘Encina roble,” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 181 15. Quercus nudinervis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 182. 1854. Type locality, in the Cerro de Pinal. Twigs moderate, glabrous; leaves large (5 to 9 cm. wide, 18 to 17 cm. long), glabrescent, obovate or oblanceolate, obtuse or bluntly acuminate, rather decurrent on the short moderate petiole, low-crenate; fruit unknown. 16. Quercus standleyi Trel., sp. nov. Sonora; type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 6385607, collected in the Sierra de Alamos, in 1910, by Rose, Standley, and Russell (no. 12789). Deciduous glabrous tree with rather slender orange-brown twigs and small round buds with tomentulose-ciliate scales; leaves rather large (6 to 12 cm. wide, 15 to 24 cm. long), elliptic-obovate, obtuse at both ends, short-petioled, coarsely crenate, paler beneath, with white veins and margin; fruit unknown. 17. Quercus polymorpha Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78, 1830. Quercus petiolaris Benth. Pl. Hartw. 55, 348. 1840. Quercus varians Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10*: 214. 1843. Veracruz, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; type locality, near Jalapa, Veracruz. Said to be the chief component of the forest on the Uaxac Canal, Guatemala. Medium-sized deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and some- what hairy buds 4 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves rather large (3 to 6 cm. wide, 7 to 18 em. long), lightly glaucous and sometimes rusty-woolly beneath, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, often subcordate, slender-petioled, entire or crenately few-toothed at end; acorn oblong, about 10 mm. in diameter and 20 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with acute appressed scales. “Encina” (Ramirez). . 18. Quercus juergensenii* Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1854: 188. 1854. Quercus jurgensit A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 78, 1864. Oaxaca; type locality, Chinantla. Apparently closely related to the preceding, with short-petioled, cuneate, rather large leaves (4 em. wide, 7 to 10 cm. long), and oblong acorns 15 mm. in diameter and 20 to 25 mm. long. Not recently recognized. 19. Quercus sororia Liebm. Overs. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 175. 1854. Oaxaca; type locality, Chinantla. Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glabrous; leaves deciduous, moderate (4 cm. wide, 10 cm. long), slightly glaucous and exceptionally fleecy beneath, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled, entire; acorn round-ovoid, 15 mm. in diameter and 20 mm. long, one-third included, the rounded cup with thin, acute, rather loose scales. 20. Quercus germana Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78. 1830. Veracruz and adjacent San Luis Potos!; type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz. Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs; leaves oblong, medium- sized (4 cm. wide, 10 cm. long), rather obtuse, round-based, glabrous, slightly glaucous beneath, short-petioled, crenately few-toothed at end; acorn subglobose, 15 mm. in diameter, nearly included, the round cup with rather coarse keeled acute appressed scales. 1Little is known of Jiirgensen, who collected in Mexico for Galeotti, after the latter left that country. His collections were obtained chiefly in the state of Oaxaca. 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 21. Quercus glaucescens Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin 2: 29. 1809. Sinaloa; type locality, Caieguale. Large deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and small glabrous buds; leaves large (5 to 8 cm. wide, 12 to 16 em. long), densely pale-tomentulose beneath, broadly oblanceolate, obtuse or bluntly subacuminate, cuneate at base, short-petioled, repaud or bluntly few-toothed toward the end; fruit unknown. “Encina memelito” (Ramirez). 22. Quercus martensiana Trel. Quercus afinis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 222, 1843. Not Q. affinis Scheidw, 1837. Veracruz; type locality, Zacuapam. Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves rather large (3 to 5 em. wide, 12 cm. long), glabrescent above, somewhat tomentulose and hairy beneath, elliptic-oblanceolate to ovate, obtuse at both ends or mucronate and somewhat cordate, short-petioled, subentire or undulate or repandly few-toothed; acorn subglobose, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, half included, the rounded cup with thin blunt appressed scales. 23. Quercus liebmannii Oerst. in Liebm. Chénes Amér. Trop. 16. 1869, name only. Oaxaca ; type locality, Cuesta de San Juan del Estado. Twigs rather slender, reddish, glabrescent; buds small, glabrescent; leaves (deciduous?) large (5 to 7 cm. wide, 13 to 17 cm. long), subpersistently pale- tomentose beneath, oblanceolate-obovate, bluntly subacuminate, the narrowed base subcordate, short-petioled, crenate-sinuate; fruit unknown. 24. Quercus pandurata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 28. 1809. Quercus obtusata pandurata A. DC, in DC: Prodr. 16 7: 27. 1864. Michoac&én; type locality, Ario. Small (deciduous?) tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small, transiently fleecy buds; leaves rather large (6 cm. wide, 14 em. long), finely Stellate-scurfy beneath, pandurately oblanceolate-oblong, rather acute, rounded or subtruncate at base, moderately petioled, crenate or somewhat shallowly and bluntly toothed above; mature fruit unknown, the young cups with acute, some- what keeled, appressed scales. With very obtuse, more elongate, and entire leaves it is Q. obtusata Humb. & Bonpl. (op. cit. 26. 1809). 25. Quercus macrophylla Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 274. 1801. Quercus magnoliaefolia macrophylla A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 ?: 27, 1864. Coahuila to Jalisco, Guerrero, and San Luis Potosf{; type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero, : Rather small deciduous tree with stout, yellow-tomentose but glabrescent twigs, and glabrescent buds 6 mm, in diameter and 10 mm. long; leaves very large (18 to 30 cm. wide and 25 em. long or more), subglabrescent above, usually persistently tomentulose beneath, round-obovate, very obtuse, rounded or slightly auriculate-cordate at base, subsessile, crisped, undulate to coarsely crenate-toothed; acorn elongate-ovoid, 20 mm. in diameter, 35 mm. long, scarcely half included, the broad cup with subappressed acute scales. 26. Quercus resinosa Liebm. Overs. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 182. 1854. Sonora ?; type locality somewhere in the western Sierra Madre. Deciduous tree with stout tomentose twigs; leaves large (10 to 15 em. wide, 20 to 30 em. long), glabrescent above, gray-puberulent beneath and _ resinous- punctate along the veins, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse or subacute, slightly cordate, crisply repand, on short thick petioles; fruit unknown. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 183 27. Quercus circinata Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 272. 1801. Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Small deciduous tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with stout, tomentulose or glabres- cent twigs and small canescent buds; leaves large (6 to 10 em. wide, 15 to 25 cm. long), glabrate above, velvety beneath, oblanceolate, blunt-acuminate, rounded at base, short-petioled, crisped, crenate-toothed ; acorn elongate-ovoid, 15 mm. in diameter, 20 to 30 mm. long, one-third included, the half-round cup with acute appressed scales. “ Mncina roble.” (Michcacfin, Guerrero). 28. Quercus magnoliaefolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 268. 1801. Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Like the preceding; differing little except in its more oblanceolate-obovate, less acuminate, and less crenate leaves. 29. Quercus lutea Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 268. 1801. Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Like the preceding; differing little except in its somewhat pandurate leaves. 30. Quercus peduncularis Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 270. 1801. Quercus tomentosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 437. 1805, Type locality, in the western Sierra Madre, above the Rfo Mescala, between Acapulco and Mexico City. Small (deciduous?) tree, with moderate glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves rather large (5 cm. wide, 12 cm. long), scurfy along the midrib above and rather thinly woolly beneath, elongate-elliptic, subacute, somewhat cordate, short-petioled, sinuate; fruit stalked; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, less than half included, the rather shallow cup with acute ap- pressed scales. “ Encina” (Ramirez). 31. Quercus hartwegi Benth. Pl. Hartw. 482. 1840. Quercus obtusata hartwegi A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 27. 1864, in part. Quercus pandurata hartwegi Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 197. 1884. Type locality, Tuxpan, near Angangueo, Michoacan. Deciduous tree with moderate glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves moderate (4 to 5 em. wide, 7 to 8 cm. long), characteristically velvety beneath and along the midrib above, broadly elliptic or sometimes pandurately obovate, obtuse, slightly cordate, short-petioled, repand to coarsely crenate or toothed ; fruit often long-stalked ; acorn round-ovoid, 15 mm. in diameter, half included, the flaring saucer-shaped cup 20 to 25 mm. in diameter, with acute, rather loose scales. 832. Quercus laxa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Porh. 1854: 181. 1854. Quercus rylina Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 1837: 321. 1837. Quercus reticulata lara Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 195. 1884. Jalisco, Tepic, Colima, and Michoacén; type locality, somewhere in the west- ern Sierra Madre. Very like the preceding; fruiting cup smaller (15 mm. broad), with more keeled and appressed scales. 33. Quercus laeta Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 179. 1854. Quercus pandurata laeta Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 197. 1884. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and Puebla; type locality, Grande. Twigs rather slender, somewhat scurfy or glabrescent; buds small, glab- rescent; leaves rather small (2 to 38 cm. wide, 7 to 8 cm. long), short-tomentose beneath and on the midrib above, lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, rounded at base, very short-petioled, entire or crenate; fruit slender-peduncled; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, the thin half-round cup with small subacute appressed scales. 55268—22——2 184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 34. Quercus bonplandiana Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370. 1826, Quercus ambigua Humb. & Bonpl. Pi, Aequin. 2: 51. 1809. Not Q. ambigua Michx. 1901. Hidalgo; type locality, Moran. Very like the preceding; differing in its more narrowly obovate, low-crenate, longer-petioled leaves; fruit unknown. 35. Quercus rugosa Née, Anal, Cienc. Nat. 3: 275. 1801. Quercus spicata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 46. 1809. Quercus macrophylla rugosa Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 198. 1884. Hidalgo; type locality, in the Cerro de las Navajas, near Moran. Twigs rather stout and tomentose; buds small, subpubescent; leaves de- ciduous, moderate (3 to 5 cm, wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), glabrate above, dingy- tomentose and reticulate-veiny beneath, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, cordate, rather short-petioled, callously crenate or coarsely and subpungently low-serrate above; fruit long-peduncled; acorn unknown, the rather small shallow cup with acute appressed scales. 36. Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 40. 1809. Chihuahua to Mexico and Oaxaca; type locality, Santa Rosa to Guana- juato. Rather large deciduous tree with moderate, somewhat tomentose twigs and small glabrescent buds; leaves rather small (3 to 4 cm. wide, 6 to 7 em. long), rugose, stellate or brown-tomentose beneath, the midrib scurfy above, obovate, very obtuse, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled, repandly callous- dentate above; fruit peduncled; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, scarcely half included,. the rounded cup with acute, appressed or loose scales; wood hard, close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.95. “Palo colorado” (San Luis Potosf, Palmer); “encina de miel” (San Luis Potosi, Mexico) ; ‘“encina” (San Luis Potosf) ; “encina quiebra-hacha ” (Hi- dalgo Villada); “ aoatl,’ “ahoaquahuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez); “chaparro,” “encina prieta” (Oaxaca, Seler); “tnu-yaha,” “tnu-yféa” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Seler). Palmer reports the use of the acorns as a substitute for coffee in San Luis Potosf. 37. Quercus decipiens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 214. 1843. Veracruz; type locality, Mirador. Moderately large deciduous tree with rather stout glabrescent twigs and medium-sized rusty-hairy buds; leaves unusually large (12 to 16 cm. wide, 18 to 25 cm. long), glabrate above, more or less puberulent and whitened be- neath, obovate, bullate, short-petioled, very obtuse, repand or low-toothed above; fruit very long-peduncled (peduncle up to 25 em, long); acorn oblong, 12 mm. in diameter, 20 mm. long, scarcely one-third included, the half-round cup with acute, rather loose scales. 38. Quercus arizonica Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 92. 1895. Sonora and Chihuahua, Arizona; type locality, Huachuca Mountains. Deciduous shrub or small tree with slender tomentose twigs and glossy glabrate small buds; leaves small (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 6 cm. long), blue- green, somewhat crisped and revolute, glabrate above; more or less stellate and reticulate beneath, broadly elliptic or subovate, obtuse or acute, sub- cordate, short-petioled, entire or repand or distantly denticulate or serrulate; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, nearly half included, the rounded cup with thickened acute appressed scales; wood hard and strong, close- grained, dark brown to nearly black, the specific gravity slightly over 1.00. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 185 39. Quercus greggii (A. DC.) Trel. Quercus reticulata greggit A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 34. 1864. Coahuila; type locality, San Antonio, near Saltillo. Rather small evergreen trees with moderate, tomentose or more or less glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves rather small (3 to 5 cm. wide. 4 to 7 cm. long), rugose, revolute, granular or puberulent on the midrib above, rusty stellate-fleecy beneath, shortly elliptic-obovate, mucronately very obtuse, cordate, short-petioled, entire or slightly repand above; acorn conic-ovoid, about 10 mm. in diameter and 20 mm, long, the shallow cup with acute appressed scales, 40. Quercus aculcingensis Trel. Quercus reticulata crassifolia Oerst, in Liebm, Chénes Amér. Trop. 20. 1869. Oaxaca; type locality, Puente Colorado on the Cuesta de Aculcingo. Twigs moderate, dingy-woolly ; buds small, glabrate; leaves deciduous, small (2 em. wide. 4 cm. long), rugose, revolute, densely tomentose beneath, the midrib granular above, elliptic, rather obtuse at both ends, short-petioled, entire ; fruit unknown. 41. Quercus diversifolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 270. 1801. Quercus tomentosa diversifolia A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 33. 1864. Type locality, between Chalma and Santa Rosa, Veracruz. A scarcely placeable shrub, said to be 3 to 5 meters high, with rather small leaves (2 cm. wide, 2.5 to 7 cm. long) tomentose beneath, ovate, oblong, or elliptic in outline, and subentire to crenate-dentate on the same branch; fruit on a peduncle 5 cm, long. 42. Quercus microphylla Née, Anal. Cienc, Nat. 3: 264. 1801. Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and Mexico; type from Guanajuato. Intricately branched deciduous low shrub with slender tomentose twigs and glabrescent ovoid buds 2 mm. in diameter and 4 to 5 mm. long; leaves small (1 to 2 em. wide, 2 to 4 em. long), rugose, revolute, and concave, scurfy above, woolly beneath, elliptic-oblong, mostly obtuse at both ends, very short-petioled, entire or undulate or crenately toothed above; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, one-third or more included. the half-round cup with acute ap- pressed scales. “Encina capulincillo” (Mexico, Rantirez). 43. Quercus repanda Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 31, 1809. Hidalgo and adjacent San Luis Potosf; type locality. El Jacal, between Real del Monte and Morin, Hidalgo. _Intricately branched subevergreen shrub with slender tomentose twigs and small glabrescent buds; leaves small (1 to 2 cm. wide, 3 to 4 cm. long), rugose, undulately revolute, sparingly scurfy above, woolly beneath, elliptic to ovate or obovate, commonly ebtuse at both ends, very short-petioled, entire or sparingly low-toothed above; acorn round-ovoid, 10 1nm. in diameter, 12 to 15 mm. long, nearly half included, the rounded cup with acute appressed scales.“ Encina,” “encina negra,” “encina chaparro” (Hidalgo). 44, Quercus intricata Trel. Quercus microphylla crispata A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 167: 36. 1864. Not Q. crispata Steven. 1857. Coahuila and adjoining Zacatecas; type locality, Buena Vista, near Saltillo, Coahuila. Intricately branched deciduous shrub with slender tomentose twigs and small glabrescent buds; leaves small (scarcely 1 to 2 cm. wide and 8 to 5 cm. long), crisped and revolute, stellate-scurfy above, closely tomentose beneath, subellip- 186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. tic, typically acute, subcordate and typically entire, very short-petioled ; acorn round, subincluded, scarcely 10 mm. in diameter, the rounded cup with acute appressed scales. 45. Quercus engelmanni‘ Greene in Greene & Kellogg, IL. West Amer, Oaks 82. 1889. Southeastern California; type locality, between San Diego and Los Angeles; Said to reach adjoining Baja California. ' A moderate-sized tree very like the following, except in its broader leaves, but of distinct geographic range; wood hard, strong but brittle, close-grained, brown, its specifie gravity about 0.94. The wood is said to check badly in drying and to be useful only for fuel. A6. Quercus oblongifolia Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Col. 173. 1853. Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona; type from “ western New Mexico.” Moderate-sized tree with slender, glabrescent, often pruinose twigs and small red buds with ciliate scales; leaves (deciduous?) small (usually 1 to 2 em. wide and 3 to 4 cm. long), glabrous, paler beneath, elliptic or oblong, rounded at both ends or subcordate, entire or coarsely and crenately few-toothed, the usually pruinose petiole short; acorn elongate-ovoid, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, one-third included, the half-round cup with rather broad and blunt, keeled, ap- pressed scales; wood hard and strong but brittle, very dark brown, heavy. 47. Quercus grisea Liebm. Overs, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1854: 171. 1854. Chihuahua, and apparently to Zacatecas. Western Texas, the type locality not specified. Shrub or small tree with slender tomentose twigs and small round red buds with puberulent outer scales; leaves deciduous, small (scarcely 2 em. wide and 4 cm. long), thin, blue-green, minutely puberulent above and dull, though glossy when abraded, stellate-scurfy beneath, elliptic or ovate, mucronately subacute, often cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorns paired on a short slender peduncle, ellipsoid, 8 mm, in diameter, 12 mm. long, scarcely one-third included, the half-round cup with rather acute appressed scales. “Encina prieta,”’ “ en- cina blanca” (Durango, Palmer). The wood is useful only for fuel. 48. Quercus pungens Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854. Quercus undulata pungens Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 392. 1876. Chihuahua. New Mexico. Shrub or small tree with slender tomentulose twigs; leaves deciduous, small (scarcely 2 cm. wide and 3 em. long), from scurfy glabrescent, crisped, elliptic, pungently acute, rounded at base, very short-petioled, with about 4 large pungent deltoid teeth on each side; acorn ovoid, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with small appressed scales, 49. Quercus pringlei Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 96. 1900. Coahuila ; type locality, in the Carneros Pass below Saltillo. Shrub with slender subglabrescent twigs and minute round glabrous buds; leaves (deciduous?) very small (scarcely 1 cm. wide and 2.5 em. long), glab- rous, lance-elliptic, subaristately acute, rounded at base, mostly entire, the *George Engelmann (1809-1884), a native of Germany, lived most of his life at St. Louis, Missouri, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine. An enthusiastic botanist, Engelmann devoted most of his botanical labors to the study of the more difficult groups of plants, such as the Cactaceae, Yucca, Agave, Quercus, etc. He described many Mexican species of these and other groups. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. - 187 very short petiole somewhat tomentose; acorn round-ovoid, scarcely 10 mm. in diameter, fully half included, the rounded cup with somewhat thickened and blunt appressed scales. 50. Quercus toumeyi Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 92. 1895. Sonora. Arizona; type locality, Bisbee. Shrub or small tree with slender tomentulose twigs and small pubescent buds; leaves deciduous, very small (scarcely 1 cm. wide and 2 cm. long), smooth or papillate above, sparingly velvety beneath, elliptic, mucronately acute, sub- cordate, entire or pungently few-toothed above, with very short hairy petiole; acorn oblong, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long, less than half included, the rounded cup with rather blunt appressed scales; wood hard, close- grained, brown. 51. Quercus dumosa Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 7. 1842. California; type locality, Santa Barbara. Extending into Baja California, in several foliage forms, of which one, with very small, ovate-elliptic, pun- gently dentate leaves scarcely 15 mm, wide and 25 mm. long, is var. turbinella Jepson (Silva Calif. 218. 1910; Q. turbinella Greene in Greene & Kellogg, IIl. West. Amer. Oaks 37. 1889). Deciduous shrub with slender, usually glabrescent twigs; leaves small (com- monly less than 2 cm. wide and 5 cm. long), polymorphous, more or less per- sistently tomentulose beneath, short-petioled; fruit typically slender-peduncled, the moderate-sized or smal] oblong acorn scarcely half included in the finely sealy, half-round cup. This species is said to be the one whose acorns were most used as food by the Indians of southern California. 52. Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895. Quercus obtusifolia breviloba Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 266. 1859. Quercus annulata Buckl. Proce. Acad. Phila. 1860: 445. 1860. Not Q. an- nulata Smith, 1819. Nuevo Leén, Texas; type locality in Howard County. Large deciduous shrub or small tree with rather slender glabrous buff twigs; leaves rather small (3 to 6 cm. wide, 6 to 12 cm. long), glabrous and glossy green above, glabrate but pale or microscopically silvery-tomentulose beneath, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, mostly acute at base, short-petioled, usually undulate or with a few short round lobes; acorn ovoid, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with acute, rather close scales ; wood hard and strong, brittle, brown, close-grained. 53. Quercus oleoides Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 79. 1830. Veracruz, Chiapas, and Tabasco; type locality, Hacienda de la Laguna, near Jalapa, Veracruz. British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica. Rather large broad-topped evergreen tree with slender gray-tomentulose twigs and small reddish glabrate buds; leaves mostly rather small (3 to 6 cm. wide, 6 to 8 cm. long, but exceptionally twice as large), glabrous and green above, minutely pale-tomentulose beneath, revolute, obovate-elliptic, rather obtuse, subcuneate, rather short-petioled, typically entire; fruit mostly peduncled; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, about half included, the turbinate cup with keeled acute appressed scales in vertical rows... “ Roblecito ” (Guatemala, Honduras). A juvenile form with obovate toothed leaves is Q. lutescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 219, 1843. 54. Quercus fusiformis Small, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 357. 1901. Quercus virginiana fusiformis Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 65: 448. 1918. Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n, Texas; type locality, Kerrville. 188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Small evergreen tree with slender tomentulose twigs and minute round red velvety buds; leaves small (1 cm. wide, 3 to 5 cm. long), minutely canescent beneath, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, mucronately acute, rounded at base, entire or with 1 or 2 asymmetric teeth, the short petiole tomentulose; fruit long-peduncled ; acorn fusiform-oblong, 10 mm. in diameter, 20 to 25 mm. long, less than one-third included, the turbinate cup with acute appressed scales in somewhat evident vertical rows. This and Q. oleoides are probably the species which have been reported from Mexico as Q. virginiana Mill. (Q. virens Ait.). The following are some of the vernacular names reported: “ Maculi” (Nuevo Leén, Veracruz); “ maquili- huatl” (Veracruz); “texmole”; “roble”; “roble serrano”; “palo duro se “ tezmolli’”’; “ encina,.” 55. Quercus brandegei Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 321. 1916. Baja California; type locality, Rancho El Parafso, near El Triunfo. Moderately large evergreen tree with slender tomentulose twigs and minute round brown velvety buds; leaves small (scarcely 2 em. wide and 3 to 6 cm. long), densely hoary beneath, elliptic-oblong, mucronately acute, rounded or acute at base, entire or with a few irregular low pungent teeth, the short petiole canescent; fruit rather long-peduncled; acorn conical, about 8 mm. in diameter and 15 mm. long, fully half included, the goblet-shaped cup with acute appressed scales. 56. Quercus tomentella Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 393. 1877. Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Moderate-sized evergreen tree with rather stout short-pilose twigs and tomen- tulose buds as much as 7 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long; leaves moderate (4 to 7 cm. wide, 7 to 12 cm. long), coriaceous, granular on the midrib above, the whitened lower surface more or less persistently fleecy, elliptic-ovate, acute or subacuminate, subcordate, toothed, with short villous petiole; acorn ovoid or elongate, sometimes 380 mm. in diameter and 385 mim, long. scarcely ever half included, the thick half-round cup with its scales embedded in tomentum; wood hard, close-grained, yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.72. 57. Quercus palmeri Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 393. 1877. Quercus dunnii Kellogg, Pacif. Rural Press, June 7, 1879. Quercus chrysolepis paimeri Mngelm, in 8. Waits, Bot. Calif. 2: 97. 1880. Northern Baja California. Also in San Diego County, California, the type locality. Evergreen shrub with slender, minutely scurfy twigs; leaves small (2 em. wide, 3 em. long), coriaceous, glabrate, rounded, acute, cordate, crisped or folded, typically coarsely and pungently dentate; acorn conic-oblong, 15 mm. in diameter, 25 to 30 mm. long, the subturbinate undulate-margined cup very fulvous-woolly. 58. Quercus emoryi' Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Recon. 151, 1848. Quercus hastata Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid, Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854. Chihuahua and Sonora. Texas to Arizona; type from Texas. Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent red twigs and glossy brown glabrate buds sometimes 3 mm. in diameter and 8 mm. long; leaves small (1 ia ‘William H. Emory (1811-1887), 1 was a member of the commission for estab- lishing the boundary between the United States and Mexico. He was the author of “ Notes of a military reconnoissance from Fort Leavenworth in Mis- souri to San Diego in California” (1848), and of the ‘“‘ Report of the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission ” (1857). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 189 2 cm. wide, 3 to 6 cm. long), thick and hard, from minutely scurfy glabrescent, elliptic or oblong to ovate, mucronately acute, truncate at base or subcordate, short-petioled, characteristically repandly few-toothed; acorn narrowly ellip- soid, 8 mm, in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, one-third included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales; wood rather soft, strong but brittle, close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.93. The acorns are said to be of good quality as food. 59. Quercus durifolia Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 95. 1900. Durango; type locality, Durango. Twigs slender, subglabrescent ; buds glossy light brown, small; leaves (decidu- ous?) very small (1 cm. wide, 3 to 4 cm. long), firm, canescent beneath, short- lanceolate, mucronately acute, obliquely subtruncate at base, short-petioled, mostly with a few short teeth; acorn round-ovoid, under 10 mm. in diameter, fully half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 60. Quercus eduardi Trel. Quercus oligodonta Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 96. 1900. Not Q. oligo- donta Saporta, 1879. Durango, Jalisco, and Tepic; type from Durango. Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and glossy, light brown, small buds; leaves small (2 to 4 cm. wide, 3 to 6 cm. long), firm, rather per- sistently stellate-scurfy beneath, oblong-elliptic, mucronately subacute, slightly cordate, with short glabrescent petiole, entire or with several aristate teeth ; acorn ovoid or oblong, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 10 mm. long, half in- cluded, the turbinate cup with rounded appressed scales. “Bncina colorada ”; the dark red wood valuable. 61. Quercus devia Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 322. 1916. Baja California ; type locality, between El Sauz and Chuparosa. Moderately large evergreen tree, about 20 meters high, with slender glab- rescent twigs and small, acutely ovoid, glabrescent buds; leaves rather small (1 to 3 em. wide, 5 to 10 cm. long), often somewhat dingy-tomentose beneath, broadly lanceolate or oblong, very acute, subcordate, rather short-petioled, aristately toothed; acorn oblong, 8 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, the shallow cup with blunt appressed scales. “ Encina negra.” 62. Quercus hypoleuca Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 384. 1877. Chihuahua and Sonora. New Mexico (type locality, Santa Rita) and Arizona, Shrub or small to moderately large subevergreen tree with rather slender gray-tomentose twigs and small red buds with ciliate scales; leaves rather small (2 to 8 cm. wide, 5 to 10 cm. long), rugose, revolute, blue-green above, densely pale-tomentulose beneath, lanceolate, aristately very acute, rounded at base, moderately petioled, typically entire; acorn narrowly conic-oblong, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 to 15 mm. long, scarcely one-third included, the turbinate cup with blunt, appressed, at first very tomentose scales; wood hard and strong, close- grained, dark brown, the specific gravity about 0.80. 63. Quercus scytophylla Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 180. 1854. Oaxaca and Michoacan; type locality, Yalala to Yabochi, Oaxaca. Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glossy brown, glabrescent ; leaves (deciduous?) large (7 to 8 cm. wide, 13 to 15 em. long), rugose, densely creamy-tomentulose beneath, typically obovate and acute, obliquely acute or rounded at base, moderately petioled, characteristically with several short aristate teeth above; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, the rounded or saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales. “ Encina” (Micho- acfin). 190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 64. Quercus omissa A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 ?: 28, 1864. Type locality, somewhere in the western Sierra Madre. Twigs moderate, somewhat puberulent ; buds elongate, dull brown, hairy at tip, scarcely 3 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves (deciduous?) rather small (3 to 4 em. wide, 5 to 6 em. long), rugose, slightly revolute, creamy-tomentulose beneath, typically obovate, obtuse, cordate, short-petioled, aristately somewhat coarsely stiff-serrate above; acorn subglobose, 8 mm. in diameter, the rather deep cup with very blunt appressed scales. 65. Quercus pulchella Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin, 2: 44, 1809, Type locality, between Guanajuato and Santa Rosa. Twigs slender, glabrescent; buds small, dark brown, glabrate; leaves decidu- ous, small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 4 to 6 cm. long), rugose, yellow-tomentulose beneath, oblong-obovate, obtuse, often subtruncately cordate, slender-petioled, aristately low-serrate; fruit annual (7), the rounded cup with glabrous blunt appressed scales, 66. Quercus floccosa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 178. 1854. Veracruz?; type from the Pico de Orizaba, at 2,600 to 3,200 meters. Twigs moderate, at first rusty-scurfy; leaves (deciduous?) rather large (6 to 9 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. long), rugose, typically fleecy beneath, elliptic-obo- vate, aristately subacute, rounded at base, entire or with a few short teeth above, the moderate petiole fleecy; fruit unknown. 67. Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 49, 1809. Quercus spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 ?: 218. 1843. Guerrero to Veracruz and San Luis Potosi; type locality, Chilpancingo, Gue- rrero, Rather large deciduous tree with somewhat stout, more or less scurfy twigs and glossy glabrate buds 3 mm. in diameter and 5 mm. long; leaves large (6 to 9 cm. wide, 12 to 14 cm. long), rugose, scurfy on the nerve above, tawny- fleecy beneath with the denudable surface granular, elliptic, obovate, or rounded, variously obtuse or subacuminate, cordate, short-petioled, aristate undulate or stiffly low-toothed ; fruit annual; acorn ellipsoid, 12 mm. in diam- eter, 15 to 20 nm. long, one-third or more included, the deep saucer-shaped cup with rounded appressed scales, 68. Quercus fulva Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 183. 1854. Chihuahua, Durango, and Michoacin; the type from an unrecorded locality in the western Sierra Madre. Twigs stout, densely tomentose; buds brownish, tomentose; leaves 4 to 9 em, wide, 8 to 14 cm. long, densely tomentose beneath, petioled, aristately serrate. “Roble” (Durango). 69. Quercus stipularis Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 47, 1809. Type locality, near Actopan (Veracruz?). Twigs rather stout, fleecy; buds brownish, somewhat pubescent, 3 mm. in diameter, 5 mm. long: leaves deciduous, moderate (4 to 5 em. wide, 7 to 10 em, long), rugose, puberulent above on the midrib, rusty-fleecy beneath, elliptic- ovate to obovate, subacuminate, cordate, moderately petioled, aristately ser- rate; fruit annual; acorn ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 mm, long, scarcely one-third included, the rounded cup with blunt, rather loose scales. 70. Quercus chicamolensis Trel. Quercus mollis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 ?: 216. 1843. Not Q. mollis Raf. 1888, Oaxaca; type locality, in the Mixteca Alta. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 191 Rather small (deciduous?) tree with moderate, at first densely tomentose twigs; leaves rather small (4 cm. wide, 5 to 6 cm. long), rugose, yellow-tomen- tose beneath, rather obovate and acute, cordate, short-petioled, entire but ciliately aristate above; acorn unknown, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 71. Quercus dysophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 55, 1840. San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Hidalgo; type locality, mountains near Huasea, Hidalgo. Twigs moderate, subglabrescent; buds glossy red-brown, canescent, 3 mm. in diameter, 5 mm. long; leaves deciduous, rather small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 5 to 8 em. long), revolute, subglabrescent above, rusty-tomentose beneath, oblong, ovate, or elliptic, subacute, cordate, moderately petioled, entire or less char- acteristically coarsely mucronate-toothed ; acorn ovoid or elongate, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 18 mm. long, the shallow turbinate cup with obtuse appressed scales. ‘“ Manzanilla” (Hidalgo). To be compared with no. 40, Quercus diversifolia, and with the following. 72. Quercus splendens Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 275. 1801. Type locality, Tixtla, Guerrero. Small open-topped tree with moderate yellow-tomentose twigs; leaves (de- ciduous?) rather small (3 to 4 cm, wide, 8 cm. long), puberulent above, yellow- tomentose beneath, subelliptic, ranging to ovate or obovate, acute, rounded at base or subcordate, subsessile, irregularly and unequally toothed, but not aristate; fruit unknown. Not known from recent collections. 73. Quercus aristata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 444. 1841. Tepic and Sinaloa; type locality, between San Blas and Tepic. Twigs rather slender, transiently fleecy; buds glabrate, small; leaves decid- uous, moderate (3 to 4 cm. wide, 7 to 15 cm. long), glabrescent, somewhat crisped and narrowly rovolute, elliptic-oblong, aristately obtuse or subacute, rounded to cordate at base, moderately petioled, entire or undulate, sometimes aristate from the veins; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 10 mm, in diameter, the deep rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 74, Quercus uruapanensis Trel. Quercus nitida Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 210. 1843. Not Q. nitida Raf. 18388. . Michoacin and Oaxaca (?); type locality, Uruapan, Michoacin. Thick-trunked, moderately large, deciduous tree with rather slender, glab- rous, dark red twigs and small, puberulent, glossy, deep brown buds; leaves rather large (4 to 7 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. Jong), glabrous, or with axillary tufts beneath, subelliptic, acuminate, acute to truncate at base, moderately petioled, entire or exceptionally somewhat aristate-toothed above; acorn ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 20 mm. long, one-third included, the rounded cup with blunt ap- pressed scales. “ Encina colorada.” Yielding excellent timber. 75. Quercus rysophylla Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 428. 1910. Nuevo Leén; type locality, in the Sierra Madre above Monterrey. Rather small tree with stout glabrate twigs and glabrescent, glossy brown, acute buds 3 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves supersistent, large (4 te 7 cm. wide, 14 to 20 em. long), rugose and veiny, revolute, glabrous, lanceolate, aristately long-acute, auriculate or deeply cordate at base, short-petioled, un- dulate; acorn unknown, the young cup with obtuse appressed golden scales. 192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 76. Quercus nectandraefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 175. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, Totutla. Twigs rather slender, dingy-tomentose; buds brown, glabrescent, small; leaves (deciduous?) moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 9 to 12 cm. long), revolute, glabrous, somewhat paler and granular beneath, elliptic, obtuse, acute to sub- cordate at base, subsessile, crisped but entire; fruit annual; acorn ovoid, 20 mm. in diameter, 25 mm. long, thick-walled, half included, the rounded cup with blunt thickened appressed scales, 77. Quercus lingvaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 180. 1854. Oaxaca; type locality, Cuesta de Lachopa. Twigs moderate, glabrescent; leaves (deciduous ?) moderate (3 to 4 em. wide, 6 to 11 cm. long), slightly revolute, somewhat floccose or glabrate, elliptic, obtuse or acute, cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diam- eter, 15 mm. long, the saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales, 78. Quercus perseaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1854: 188. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, Hacienda de Jovo. Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glabrate; leaves deciduous, moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 6 to 12 cm. long), slightly revolute, glabrate, oblanceolate-elliptic, obtuse at both ends, very short-petioled, entire; fruit annual; acorn oblong, 10 mm, in diameter, 15 mm. long, one-third included, the turbinate cup with blunt appressed scales. 79. Quercus pubinervis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 ?: 211. 1843. Veracruz; type locality, about Huatusco, Rather large deciduous tree with slender tomentose twigs and small red- brown glabrate buds; leaves moderate (4 to 5 cm. wide, 8 to 12 em. long), somewhat revolute, the midrib puberulent above and the lower surface some- what persistently fleecy, lance-ovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded at both ends, very short-petioled, entire or low-undulate; fruit annual; acorn oblong, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, one-third included, the turbinate cup with blunt appressed scales, 80, Quercus oajacana Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 178. 1854. Quercus salicifolia oajacana Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 207. 1884. Oaxaca ; type locality, between Tanetze and Talea. Twigs moderate, yellow-scurfy; buds red-brown, somewhat hairy, small; leaves evergreen, moderate (3 to 4 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm, long), with puberulent midrib above, loosely stellate beneath, lance-elliptic to subovate, acute, rounded at base, short-petioled, entire or somewhat undulate; fruit annual; acorn ovoid, 12 mm, in diameter, 15 mm, long, the shallow cup with blunt appressed scales. 81. Quercus totulensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 62. 1864. Veracruz; type locality, Totutla. Twigs slender, quickly glabrous; buds glabrous, glossy light brown. 2 mm. in diameter, 5 mm. long; leaves deciduous, rather small (2 cm. wide, 6 to 8 em. long), paler and sometimes with axillary tufts beneath, oblong, rounded at both ends or a little narrowed below, slender-petioled, entire; acorn rounded, fully half included, the rounded cup with rather acute appressed seales. 82. Quercus salicifolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 265. 1801. Quercus mexicana glabrata Seem, Bot. Voy. Herald 332. 1852-7. Quercus castanea glabrata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 ?: 72, 1864. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 193 Guerrero; type locality apparently Acapulco. Twigs slender, glabrous; buds small; leaves deciduous, moderate (2 to 4 em. wide, 10 to 15 cm. long), glabrous, lanceolate, aristately long-acute, typically rounded at base, short-petioled, entire; fruit annual (?); acorn sub-' globose, 12 mm, in diameter, half included, the subturbinate cup with appressed scales. “ Encina saucillo” (Durango). 83. Quercus ghiesbreghtii Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10%: 212. 1843. Veracruz; type locality, on Mount Orizaba, at 3,300 meters. Moderate-sized evergreen tree with rather slender, at first dingy-tomentose twigs and small, glabrate, glossy brown buds; leaves moderate (3 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), somewhat pubescent on the veins beneath, lanceolate, long- acute, very round-based, moderately petioled, entire; fruit annual; acorn short- ovoid, 10 mm, in diameter, 12 mm. long, the turbinately saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales. 84. Quercus tlapuxahuensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 29. 1864. Quercus salicifolia tlapuxahuensis Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 207. 1884. Michoacan; type locality, Tlalpuxahua. Twigs moderate, glabrous; buds small, dull brown, loosely hairy above; leaves (deciduous?) moderate (3 cm. wide, 7 to 10 cm, long), glabrous or the widrib slightly puberulent above and the lower surface with axillary tufts, lanceolate, aristately acute, rounded at base, slender-petioled, entire; fruit annual; acorn short-ovoid, 12 cm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, fully half included, the rounded cup with obtuse, appressed, somewhat revolutely thickened scales. 85. Quercus‘lanceolata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl, Aequin. 2: 34. 1809. Hidalgo; type locality, between Moran and Santa Rosa. Rather small (subevergreen?) tree with slender, transiently scurfy twigs and small glabrescent brown buds; leaves rather small (38 cm. wide, 7 to 10 cm. leng), glabrous, or slightly scurfy above or fleecy in the axils beneath, lanceo- late, acute at both ends or rounded at bise, slender-petioled, entire or occasion- ally with a few low aristate teeth; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, scarcely half included, the rounded cup with glabrous blunt appressed scales somewhat thickened toward the base. 86. Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 32. 1809. Hidalgo; type locality, Cerro de las Navajas, near Moran. Very like the preceding, the deciduous leaves rather more broadly oblanceo- late, the fruit apparently annual, and the cupule scales less commonly thick- ened. 87. Quercus major (A. DC.) Trel. Quercus nitens major A DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 69. 1864. Quercus laurina major Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205, 1884. Veracruz; type locality, Alpatlahua. Twigs rather slender, glabrate; buds small, acute, glabrescent ; leaves de- ciduous, moderate (2 to 4 cm. wide, 6 to 9 cm. long), glabrous, or puberulent along the midrib above and with axillary tufts beneath, lanceolate to oblanceo- late-obovate, acute at both ends or rounded at base, slender-petioled, character- istically serrately incised with aristate teeth; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 88. Quercus barbinervis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 56. 1840. Quercus laurina barbinervis Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205, 1884. Hidalgo; type locality, Real del Monte. Twigs rather slender, sparsely tomentose; buds small, glabrescent; leaves deciduous, small (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 5 cm. long) or on shoots larger 194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. (as much as 5 cm. wide and 13 cm. long), glabrate, or with fleecy axils beneath, slightly revolute, elliptic-obovate, acute, mostly rounded at base, the moderate petiole pubescent, coarsely few-toothed above; fruit annual .(?); acorn ovoid, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, 15 to 18 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 89. Quercus affinis Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 321. 1837. Type locality, between Regla and Istula, Hidalgo. Twigs slender, at first scurfy; buds small, glabrous, glossy brown; leaves evergreen, small (2 cm, wide, 7 to 9 em. long), glossy, glabrous, oblong-lance- olate, acute at both ends, moderately petioled, sharply setaceous-serrate with short teeth; fruit biennial (?) ; acorn unknown, the immature cup with rather acute appressed scales, 90. Quercus ocoteaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 176. 1854, Quercus laurina ocoteaefolia Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205. 1884. Oaxaca and Puebla; also in Michoacén ( 7); type locality, Talea and Laguna, Oaxaca. Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and small, glossy brown, glabrescent buds; leaves moderate (3 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), glossy, glabrous, or with axillary tufts beneath, lanceolate, acute at both ends or somewhat rounded at base, shortly slender-petioled, entire or less commonly with a few teeth; acorn ovoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 91. Quercus depressa Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2: 50. 1809. Hidalgo; type locality, El Jacal, Morfin. Low evergreen shrub with slender stellate-scurfy twigs and small, dull brown, glabrate buds; leaves small (1 to 2 em. wide, 3 to 4 cm. long), rather thick, slightly revolute, glabrate or the midrib puberulent above, lance-elliptic, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, short-petioled. usually with a few coarse teeth; acorn ovoid, acute, 8 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales, 92. Quercus orizabae Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189, 1854. _ Veracruz (?); type locality, Pico de Orizaba, at 2,600 to 3,300 meters, with Q. floccosa. Twigs moderate, at first rusty-fleecy ; buds small, red-brown, somewhat hairy ; leaves (deciduous?) rather large (3 to 7 ecm. wide, 8 to 14 cm. long), glab- rescent above, somewhat fleecy beneath, slightly revolute, elliptic-ovate, acute, obliquely rounded at base, slender-petioled, entire or artistately about 3-toothed at end; fruit unknown. 93. Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 39, 1809. Guanajuato; type locality, Santa Rosa. Large evergreen tree with slender lanose twigs and small brown glabrescent buds; leaves small (2 em. wide, 4 to 6 cm. long), the lower surface some- times hairy-tufted, broadly oblong, subacute, cordate at base, short-petioled, sharply and rather incisely toothed; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 94. Quercus chrysophylla Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin, 2: 42. 1809, Hidalgo; type locality, between Pachuca and Moran. Moderate-sized deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and small reddish glabrous buds; leaves small (2 cm. wide, 4 to 6 cm. long), from scurfy glabrescent, oblanceolate-oblong, with straight margin, subacute, rounded at base, moderately petioled, setaceously several-toothed at end; fruit unknown. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 195 95. Quercus tridens Humb. & Bonpl. Pl, Aequin. 2: 35. pl. 82. 1809. Hidalgo; type locality, Moran. Very like the preceding, the short-petioled leaves entire or aristately about 3-toothed at the end; mature foliage characters, even, unknown for both species. 96. Quercus mexicana Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 35, 1809. Quercus castanea mexicana A. DC, in DC, Prodr. 16 7; 72, 1864. Quercus castanea integra Oerst. Bidr. Kundsk. Egefam. 362. 1871. Veracruz and Guanajuato; type locality, Santa Rosa, Guanajuato. Small or moderately large deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and small brown glabrescent buds; leaves smal! or narrow (2 to 5 em. wide, 10 cm. long), rugose, revolute, the midrib puberulent above and the granular lower surface detachably tomentose, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rounded at base or slightly cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, half included, the thick-stalked rounded cup with glabrate blunt appressed scales, these sometimes thickened at base or with outcurved margin. With still narrower leaves (1.5 em, wide and 7 cm. long) it is Q. crassipes angustifolia Humb. & Bonpl. (op. cit. 87. 1809); and a form of this with crowded leaves is Q. confertifolia Humb. & Bonpl. (op. cit. 53. 1809). 97. Quercus crassipes Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 37. 1809. Mexico, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo; type locality, Santa Rosa, Guanajuato. Similar to the preceding, but the turbinate cup inrolled at the margin. 98. Quercus lanigera Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10 7: 215, 1843. Oaxaca; type locality in the Mixteca Alta. Twigs slender, glabrescent ; buds small, brown, glabrescent ; leaves deciduous, small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 5 to 6 cm. long), detachably fleecy beneath, elliptic- oblong, aristately obtuse or acute, rounded at base, moderately petioled, entire or with a few awned teeth above; fruit annual; acorn subglobose, scarcely 10 mm. in diameter, the somewhat turbinate cup with blunt appressed scales. 99. Quercus castanea Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 276, 1801. Quercus mucronata Willd, Sp. Pl. 4: 436. 1805. Hidalgo; type locality, between Ixmiquilpan and Zimapin and Ac&imbaro. Small (deciduous?) tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and glabrous brown buds 2 mm. in diameter and 4 mm. long; leaves rather small (8 to 4 cm. wide, 7 to 9 em. long), rugulose, minutely stellate beneath, lance-oblong, aris- tately acute, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled, typically aristately low-serrate above; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm. long, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. A form with slightly obovate-elliptic, typically entire leaves, from the same region, is Q. elliptica Née (op. cit. 278. 1801). 100. Quercus rugulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad, Brux, 10°: 209, 1843. Hidalgo; type locality, San Pedro y San Pablo, near Real del Monte. Moderate-sized deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small, brown, at first fleeey buds; leaves rather small (2 to 4 cm. wide, 6 to 9 cm, long), minutely revolute, reticulately venulose, somewhat stellate, especially on the granular lower surface, elliptic-oblong, mucronately obtuse or subacute, rounded at base or somewhat cordate, moderately petioled, entire; acorn short, the somewhat turbinate small cup with blunt thin scales. 101. Quercus grandis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 1883. 1854. Oaxaca. Northern Guatemala, the type locality. Large deciduous tree with rather slender glabrate twigs and small brown glabrescent buds; leaves large (5 to 10 em. wide, 14 to 23 cm. long), glabrous, 196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. somewhat paler beneath, oblanceolate, acute, commonly narrowed at base, slender-petioled, with rather distant aristate teeth; acorn depressed, 20 to 25. mm. in diameter, two-thirds or more included, the urceolate, slightly umbonate cup with thin blunt scales somewhat outcurved at margin. 102. Quercus cortesii Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 175. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, between Hacienda de Jovo and Huitamaleo. Twigs slender, glabrous; buds small, Straw-colored, glabrescent; leaves (de- ciduous?) moderate (3 em. wide, 12 em. long), glabrous, or with axillary tufts beneath, narrowly lanceolate, acute at both ends, moderately petioled, rather distantly aristate-serrate; fruit unknown. 103. Quercus huitamalcana Trel. Quercus serra Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 174. 1854. Not Q. serra Unger, 1845. Veracruz and Puebla; type locality, between Huitamalco and Teziutlin, alti- tude 2,000 meters. Twigs rather slender, glabrate; buds light brown, glabrescent, 2 mm. in diameter, 3 to 4 mm. long; leaves (deciduous?) large (4 to 7 em. wide, 16 to 20 cm. long), glabrous and glossy, crisped, lanceolate, the base various, moder- ately petioled, coarsely deltoid-serrate; fruit unknown. 104, Quercus chiapasensis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil, Soe. 54: 9, 1915. Chiapas; type locality, Finca Irlanda. Large evergreen tree with moderate glabrescent twigs and hairy buds; leaves large (4 to 8 em. wide, 12 to 15 cm. long), glabrous, lanceolate, long-acute, the base various, the petiole moderate or long, coarsely serrate or incised with aris- tate teeth; acorn broadly ovoid, 30 to 40 mm. in diameter, the large saucer- shaped cup with thickened appressed scales. Polymorphic in foliage details. 105. Quercus skinneri Benth. Pl. Hartw. 90. 1842. Guatemala (type locality, in the mountains about Quezaltenango) ; possibly also in Chiapas. Large (deciduous?) tree, similar to the preceding, but the equally long round-based leaves ovate, with longer slender petiole, and fruit even larger. 106. Quercus sartorii Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk, Forh. 1854: 177. 1854. Veracruz; type locality, Totutla. Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and brown glab- rescent buds 3 mm, in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves_moderate (3 to 5 cm, wide, 9 to 13 em. long), glabrescent, or with axillary tufts beneath, lance- elliptic, acute, typically rounded at base, slender and often long-petioled, entire with aristate veins or very low-serrate; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 10 mm, in diameter, 12 mm. long, the sometimes turbinate cup with obtuse ap- pressed scales. 107. Quercus furfuracea Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189. 1854. Oaxaca ; type locality, Chinantla. Twigs rather slender, scurfy or glabrescent; buds small, light brown, glab- rescent ; leaves deciduous, moderate (3 to 5 em. wide, 8 to 12 em. long), gray- stellate and tufted beneath, ovate to lanceolate, acute, mostly rounded at base, moderately petioled, entire or aristately low-crenate-serrate ; acorn round-ovoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm. long, the somewhat turbinate deep cup with blunt appressed scales. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 197 108. Quercus grahami’ Benth. Pl. Hartw. 57. 1840. Oaxaca; type locality not recorded. Rather large deciduous tree with slender glabrous twigs and small, light brown, glabrescent buds; leaves moderate (2 to 4 em. wide, 7 to 12 cm. long), glabrous, or sparsely scurfy and tufted in the axils beneath, very venulose, lanceolate, rather taper-pointed, typically rounded at base, slender-petioled, setaceously serrate or incised; acorn ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales. 109. Quercus acutifolia Née, Anal. Cienc, Nat. 3: 267. 1801. Type locality above the Rfo Mescala, on the road from Acapulco to the City of Mexico. Rather small evergreen tree with rather slender glabrate twigs and brown glabrate buds 3 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves large (5 to 7 em. wide, 15 to 20 em. long), glabrous, or the midrib puberulent above and the axils tufted beneath, lance-ovate, acute or attenuate, the base mostly rounded, rather long-petioled, aristately serrate or almost lobed, with rounded sinuses ; fruit unknown. “ Aguatle.” 110. Quercus xalapensis Humb. & Bonpl. Pl, Aequin. 2: 24, 1809. Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa. Rather large deciduous tree with moderate glabrate twigs and brown gla- brate acute buds 2 to 3 mm. in diameter and 5 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 8 em. wide, 10 to 15 em. long), glabrous, or with some axillary tufts beneath, broadly or ovately lanceolate, acute, typically acute at base or decurrent on the slender petiole, setaceously serrate with the margin little indented; acorn round-ovoid, 18 mm. in diameter, 20 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt, rather loose scales. “ Roble de duela,” ‘‘encina roble” (Veracruz, Ramirez). 111. Quercus calophylla Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 79. 1830. Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa. Large (deciduous?) tree with moderate fleecy or glabrate twigs and dull brown glabrescent buds as much as 12 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 7 cm. wide, 11 to 18 em. long), densely creamy-tomentulose beneath. ovate to obovate or elliptic, acute or acuminate, rounded or obliquely truncate at base, moderately petioled, somewhat bristly-serrate at the end: acorn ovoid, 18 mm. in diameter, 20 to 25 mm. long, one-third included, the half-round cup with blunt, rather loose scales. With long-acuminate low-denticulate leaves as much as 12 cm. wide and 22 em. long it is Q. acuminata Mart. & Gal. (Bull. Acad. Brux. 10%: 217, 1843). With blunt-pointed, rather deeply serrate and acute-based leaves 5 cm. wide and 13 em. long, it is Q intermedia Mart. & Gal. (op. cit. 223, 1843). -------- ~_----- caonesceng_____--------------- 365 leucothrix______------------- carbonaria____---_------------ 380 lute@_____.___---------------- cochliacantha __-_------------ 373 macilenta __- ~~ eo eee eee eollinsii _-.__---------------- 375 macracantha__--~--- __------- compacta_____--------------- 377 malacophylla___-- ~oeu e+ constricta _____-------------- 878 mammifera _____------------~- conzattii ___----------------- 376 metrosiderifiora _._----------- cornigera___----~------------- 374 micrantha__---------------- coulteri _____---------------- 378 millefolia___.___-------------- crassifolia______--_----------- 380 mollicula__.----------------- erinita _...-_-_-_------_------- 380 nelsonii __.-_-_-_-------------- cuspidata____---------------- 381 obliquifolia _.__-__------------ eylindriflora ___-------------- $83 occidentalis__.--------------- de agiiijote ___.__-_------------ 428 palmeri --_.-_--------------- de Catarina _____------------ 351 paniculata_—----------------- desmostachya ~-.------------- 389 penicillata__----------------- diversifolia _____-------------- 368 pennatula ___---------------- dolichocephala __-_----------- 874 picachensis _-___.------------ dolichostachya __------------- 877 olypodioides elegans____------------------ 381 POLY POMNONGES ~ mm mmm esculenta___.-.-------------- 368 pr inglei - wenn ener — farnesiana______------------- 378 prosopoides___—------~------- fasciculata____--------------- 360 pueblensis____-_------------- ferox._------------ Wea 383 pulverulenta___-------- ee V VI Acacia purpusii _-____..-_-______ renifor mis. --_______ rigidula_______ manne ee riparia standleyi-----_~-- stipellata_____-_- tetrapbylla 9 === tortuosa_.__-_-- vernico $@-- 2-2 LLL villosa_--_--- = floribunda ~~~ fruticosa _-_-___ | glandulosa___ oligant palmer | | INDEX, Page. Page. 382 | Aeschynomene picta_______________ 477 375 pringlei _---_-__--_-_ 491 376 purpusii-__- =~ ee 491 382 sensitiva _.-_-__-. 490 382 Simulans__-___-____ 491 380 vigil_.--_-- 4911 377 virgata__-- 481 387 | Agabanzo_.-___ | a-ak 334 370 | Agallo 2 423 378 Agarita --~-__-_-_--_-_e 271 376 Agathine _------_- 476 375 {gati_-2- 476 376 | Agdestis__...-.______ aan --- 2638 3876 | Agonandra _____---§ = 236 874 | Agrillo-_-.-------- 271 374 Agritos ~------- ee 271 374 Aguacate___--- = 290 380 ; eimarrén _~--_= 294 382 oloroso______________= ----- 290, 291 379 xXimene __-__-_-_----_-_-__e 290 381 Aguacatillo..._-________ 290, 292, 297, 298 375 | Aguacat6n__._--_-§ 289 381 | Aguatle_.-.- 197 388 | Aguatomate_______ wae n-ne eee 173 388 | Aguatope____-----_-_-- 399 379 Ahate_---2- 283 369 de Panuco --__-__-- 284 376 Ahoaquahuitl _--______ -..-. 1738, 178, 184 374 Ahoatl_--_-2- 173 378 | Ahuaca Quauhitl___--___-_-_§ 291 380 | Ahuacachilli--. 300 376 | Ahuacate-_.--_----- 290 377 Ahuacatl__0- 290 875 | Ahuacoztic..-..-- 173 324 | Ahuacuahuith_----- = 290 410 | Ahuaquahuitl 9-9) 173 264 Ahuatetz --2-0- ee 173 255 Ahuatetzmolli--_-_--_-_-___ 173 259 Ahuatetzon___-- == 173 201 Ahuatl__ 173 171 Ahuatomatl._------ 173 292 | Ahuatzin pitzahuac____________ | 173 286 | Ahumada____--- 409 286 Ai-dium_ === 280 366 | Aitera___.---- aoe 404 310 Ait-keip_-------- 280 $25 | Ajito-------- 303 490 | Alamo___-_----_-__ 197, 210, 319, 320 491 blanco ~-2--- = 319 491 cubano___-_~_- == ~a ene 206 491 extranjero ~~~ 206 490 | Albaricoque_..---- 338 491 | Albarillo del campo _____. 6 | 23 490 | Albérchige...----- 338 476 | Albiazia---0-- 390 490 | Alefnfor _______ eee 286 490 Alcaparras _~--_--- 302 476 | Aleaparrillo..-.------_-8 407 491 | Alcaparro__.----- 407, 410 490 | Alcornoque _.._-__-_-__ 178, 343 491 Alcot&n_________ je ee ee 273 491 | Algarroba__------ 351, 380 491 | Algarrobo ______________ 380, 412, 413 491 | Algerita___....-.- 271 491 | Allenrolfen __--_--__-_- 253 491 | Alligator-apple____---_-) 282 INDEX, Vil Page. Page Alligator-pear___----------------- 290 | Annona palustris...._..---------- 281 Allioniaceae _____---------------- 259 purpurea__--.___------------ 282 Almendra ___-------------------- 338 reticulata _._.._--------. _-- 284 Almendro___--_------------------- 338 squamosa ____--__---------.- 283 Almond —_-__-_-_-------------~--- 838 | Annonaceae____------------------ 277 family _______--_-_----------- 338 | Anén ---------------------- 280, 281, 283 Alternanthera richardii____._----- 258 | Anona______-_-__------------ __ 280, 284 Amacapulin________-------------- 204 amarilla _______-__----___- 282, 284 Amacostic___-------------------- 210 blamea____-_-------------- 282, 283 Amacoztic________--------------- 210 - eolorado _--------- ~- oe ee 284 Amacuahuitl__--_-_-------------- 207 | Anonilla__.-__--__-------- _--- 281, 283 Amaranth family__-_-_------------ 254 | Anonillo _-__-.----------------- - 282 Amaranthaceae__---_------------- 254 | Anonita de papagayos______------ 281 Amargosillo________-------------- 259 | Antigonum ____----------------- - 247 Amate__-__----------- 207, 209, 210, 213 | Ants inhabiting Cecropia-_--__---- 217 amarillo_________-_------+--- 210 | Aoatl_-____--------------- 173, 178, 184 blanco _-__------------------ 213 | Apache-plume ____--___----------- 325 prieto________--------------- 210 | Apazote de zorro__--------------- 264 Amatillo _.___.-_-------------- 210, 212 | Apomo ~_~-----~------------~--- 214 Amatl__---_-_-_----------------- 207 | Apoplanesia —----------------~---- 441 Amazquitl______----------------- 212 | Apple______-___------------------ 334 Ambar de cuapinole__-_----------- 413 family_____--.-------------- 334 del pafg _-___---------------- 413 | Apricot _-_-__-_-.--------------- 338 Amelanchier__.__---------------- 337 Arbol de balsamo__-----~-----~--- 434 Amerimnon__---_----------------- 506 de corcho__~---__----------- 281 Amesquite_____-_---------------- 212 de hierro _____-----------_--- 481 Amicia___--._------------------- 489 de Judas__._--_-------------- 300 Amole ____-___-_-_---------------- 263 de las orejas.____-_____------ 391 Amorpha___--------------------- 442 de las-perlas___-------------- 306 Amphymenium___~-_-------------- 508 del cuerno ____-___--_-------- 374 Amygdalaceae_____--------------- 338 del diablo_______-__---------- 302 Amygdalus _..----------------- _- 840 del fuego _____ one ee -- 427 Anabaé ____-_-_______-------------- 211 del hule _.-__----_----_-_---- 215 Anamfi_____--------------------- 264 del pan___ -__ ~~ -oa--------- 202, 216 Andira__________. --------------- 506 prieto____._____------------- 323 Andrieux, G--------------------- 270 | Arceuthobium___----------------- 223 Angela____----__---------------- 306 | Arco negro___..__----------------- 442 Angelino aceiteno ________-------- 397 | Arellano________-_---_------------- 390 Angico gum____----~------------ 354 | Argemone ___._----------------- 299 Afli]___.______------------ 440, 474,475 | Aristolochia _._._._._--------------- 238 cenizo ______---------------- 474 | Aristolochiaceae___--_------------ 238 cimarrén ___---------------- 489 | Armoracia_______-___------------ 307 colorado ______-------------- 440 | Aroma ________---------------- 351, 379 jiquelite ~_______------------ 440 amarilla______---_------------ 379 montés________-------------- 440 blanca __-------- _----------- 369 silvestre _____-_------------- 441 | Aromo _____-_-------------------- 379 Afiilillo-___-___---- Ween eee eee 440 | Arrebolera______ _ _- -------------- 259 Anjera______-------------------- 391 | Arrendador___-—~—-- wou a eee 359 Annona bibracteata _____--------- 278 | Arthrocnemum _____-------------- 253 cherimola ~____-------------- 283 | Artocarpus —_-------------------- 202 cinerea__-___-_-------------- 283 | Asimia___--.__------------------ 279 depressa _._____~------------- 278 | Asimina_______---------------- 278, 279 diversifolia__.._.___-_--------- 282 | Atamisquea_____----------------- 305 excelSa —_---------------~---- 984 | Atecuixtli _.___-___--------------- 497 fruticosa _____------+--..----- 281 | Ateleia__._.._._-_-_------------------ 433 glabra ____--__-------------- 281 | Ates_______--------+---+---------- 283 globiflora__._____------ -.----- 281 | Atole __-____-_------------------ 413 involucrata____------ -------- 282 | Atriplex_____-------------------- 250 liebmanniana ~~_---..---~----- 284 | Auacatl ____-_--_---------------- 291 longiflora Pent ere mer en mnnnnem 285 Auaquahuitl __-_----------------- 173 ong roe TR mee ee eet Auatetz _______-_---------------- 173 late POS ———- mm men mn nnn Auatetzmulli___-__--+------------- 173 utescens___-__-------------- 284 mucosa _____-_-------------- 280 | Auso__-------------------------- 304 muricata________---__------- 282 Avocado___---~------------------ 290 palmeri___-__-------------- 283 Axin__________------------------ 215 55268—22 23 VIII , INDEX, Page Page. Aya -----~_~__--- eee 319 | Bauhinia porrecta_._______________ 418 Azalea de guia__________-__-__-__ 259 pringlei_-____---_-_--______ 417 Agul_____-~___--__- 440 ramosissima ______-__________ 416 Azulejo ----_-_-_-~_~_~_ ee 440 retifolia_____.___.____________ 416 Azulillo -----~_~__- ~~ ee 419 schlechtendaliana______.______ 418 Bab&é--_--__-__---__--------__ Lee 298 spathacea _--__--_~_ ee 418 Baboon-cap ~-------_--.---__-_____ 345 subrotundifolia______.-.______ 417 Bfculo ~-__-_-------__-------_ ee 476 unguicularis -----_-__-______- 416 Bagaé__-__--__--- ee 281 ungulata --_----__----____-__ 416 Bainoro prieto___-_____.__________ 261 uniflora _------______________ 416 Bajagua_________ wee eee eee 410 unilateralis_______-_-____-_-_ Le 417 Bala_ ~~~ e 482 | Bead-vine ___-_-_--_-_-_--_ ee 492 Bal-ché________---- ee 513 | Bean family --_---------__-______ 429 Balehé-ceh_____-__-_-_-- 465 | Bebeerine____-.--_--__ 296 Balsam, copalm__-__--____----____ 317 | Beeb-_---_--_-_-__-_______ 261 Balsam of Peru__-__-----_-__-__- 434 | Beech family_-_.__.-_____________ 171 Balsamo blanco__---___----__-___ 434 | Beilschmicdia _._-.-_---__________ 292 de Perf -____-_--__--_-__-- 434 | Bejuco _---.-__-_-_-__ ee 403 de San Salvador__.._.-_______ 434 amargo..-__-_---_--__-- 240 negro —~--__-----_---_---_-__- 434 azul ~- ee ee 273 Balsamum Peruvianum____________ 434 canasta __--__-----_- 265 . Barajo --_--_-_----------_------- 410 de alcotan __-_________--.__-_- 273 Barba de chivato__-_____.________ 267 de amole___________-__- 350 de chivo -----__-__________ 267, 268 de colaci6n_--______-_______ 247, 248 de viejo _--_-_-____-__- 266, 267, 268 de estribo__----_-_____ 350, 507 del viejo ---.--------_------- 258 de garrote --_-_______________ 346 Barbados-flower _____-_--__-----_. 425 de garza____-______-___--_____ 350. Barbados-pride________-__.--______ 425 de hierro _-_--_-_______________ 850 Barbas de chivo_________.-______- 267 de mondongo _________________ 350 de gato _---_-__-__-_-________ 267 de mono ___________________ _- 273 Barbasco -_-________-_---____---- 474 de paloma ____-__-__--______ 265, 498 Barberry family__-______________-_ 268 de panune ____----_________ 350, 507 Barbieria ~....-__-__-_.-_______- 470 de purgaci6n _________________ 262 Barb6n ~_--____---__-_~-_~-____ 425 inglés________-- 304 Bark paper ____---_----..--______ 206 | Belehui___-_-___________-_--___ 334 Barreta ~~-__----_-_-_____-____ 322 | Bellfsima__.--_________________ 247, 248 Barrilla______----~-___-___ 263 | Bellota___...-__--___- 171 Barrows, D, P__--__--_.-______ 253 | Ben oil-._-..-__--___________ | 307 Batidaceae __-----__-__-__-_______ 263 | Benthamantha ________________ --- A477 Batidaca _______-_--_-__----_----- 331 | Bequilla_____-__-_-__-__ 477 Batis —-_----____---__-__-_-_-____ 263 | Berbamine___________--__________ 268 Batuu-chfé ~______-____-___________ 235 | Berberidaceae________-___________ 268 Bauhinia amblyophylla____________ 418 | Berberine___.___-__________ 268 andrieuxii__-------__._______ - 416 | Berberis andrieugii_______________ 270 cavanillet ~~~ 416 angustifolia___-_-_._--________ 272 chlorantha ____-__--_---_-__- 415 aquifolium_—--__-_____________ 268 confusa ~~~ 418 chochoco ____--_-_________-___ 270 coulteri---_-_______---~__-_____ 417 dictyota___-~_-- 2 273 dipetala_______-___-__-_-______ 416 ehrenbergii —...--___---________ 269 divaricata _-.---_____________ 418 frawinifolia_____________ 270 glabra ~--~----_____-___---___ 415 fremontii --_----__-__________ 271 goldmani________------___-__ 418 gracilig__....-________________ 272 heterophylla —~~-_-___-..--___e 415 haematocarpa ______-___-_____ 271 inermis —__----.-------_--___ 416 hartwegiit__..-.----_--_ 270 jenningsii --_____-___._-_-_____ 416 ilicifolia____________-___ ---.. 271 latifolia-_._.-___---.--_-____ 418 ilicina___-._--_--_-_-_- ee 270 leptopetala _-_____-_.________ 415 lanceolata —.--__.-__-_________ 270 longiflora______--_--2--______ 415 moranensia _..-.---- = = 272 lunaria ~~-----_-__-----____- 417 pallida_._-...._-_______...___ 271 lunarioides ______-____---___ 417 pinnata_________..... 272 macranthera _____________-_--_ 416 schiedeaug__.......-- 972 mexicana_________-____--____ 418 aa pansamalana ________________ 417 tenuifolia ------—------_--__-- 270 pauletia _-____.______ 415 trifolia__._-----_------__-_-- 272 pes-caprae________________ a 417 trifoliolata_-..._.---________-- 271 platypetala _~_________--____ 417 wilcowii ~..-_--_--_.--___- 273 INDEX. 1X Page. Biche manso_____---------------- 405 silvestre___________---------- 409 Bicho________-__-_--_------- 404, 407, 412 Bien vestida__________-__-------- 482 Bigelow, J. M_-------------------- 320 Bihi ____-__--_______-_-_--_----- 379 Binorama __------------------~-- 378 Bird-of-paradise flower__-_-__----~-- 425 Birthwort family__-__------------ 238 Bitze _.----__-__-____----------- 399 Black locust____-----_----------- 475 mulberry _-_---------__ a 203 oak_____-__-__-_---_-------- 172 Black-bead_____------------------ 394 Blackberry___-------------------- 328 Bledo carbonero__----- _---------- 263 Bobo__-------------------------- 393 Bocconia __-_----------__---- -u--- 299 Boehmeria________-_--_---------- 220 Boerhaavia arborescens _____--_- --- 261 elongata________-__-----_---- 262 octandra __-__-------_-----+-- 262 scandens __------------------ 262 Bois d’arec____--_---------------- 202 Bolillo _--_---_-----_------------- 390 Bombilla _____-_-__-------------- 259 Botteri, Mateo___---------------- 408 Bougainvillea _-____-_-----_-- _--.. 259 Bradburya___--_------------------ §04 Brasil______-_---------~- 203, 204, 419, 422 Brasilete colorado _--_------------ 422 Brasileto _.____--_----------------- 419 Bread-and-cheeses _____-_---------- 394 Breadfruit_ -- ---- 202 Breynia _------------------------ 304 Bricho _-_--------------------- 404, 407 Brittonamra _----------------~--- 478 Brongniartia benthamiana_____._~~ 469 bilabiata _---_-------------~--+- 467 bracteolata __-__----__------- 468 diffusa _--------------------- 468 discolor _-------_------------ 469 foliolosa____----_------------ 468 galegoides _____-_-__----------- 467 glabrata_________--_---------- 468 goldmanii _-__-_____--------~- 469 gracilis___-____-------------- 470 hidalgensis_______.----------- 465 inconstans_______-___---.---- 467 intermedia_____________--_.-- 469 lasiocarpa _-_--_-------------- 468 luisana___ -- --_ 469 lunata ~--_~-_-_--_-__--------- 467 lupinoides __-__________------- 468 magnibracteata__________--_-- 468 minutifolia _--___------------ 467 canescens___--___-------- 467 mollicula _.______-__---_---_-- 467 nudiflora ____-__----_-------- 467 oligospermoides _--__--------- 470 oryphylla__------------------ 468 palmeri____------------------ 467 parryi_______-___-----------_ 469 parvifolia____--_-_------------ 469 peninsularis _-____--_--_------ 469 podalyrioides______-__-------- 467 Page. Brongniartia retusa___._.-_.__-__---- 465 revoluta___.._____------------ 469 sericea _-_-.----------------- 469 stipitata _..--_-_-_--__-----_--- 468 suberea ____--_------_---_--- 468 thermoides____--------------- 468 trifoliata__..-_____________--- 468 vicioides____ ___-_----_-------- 469 Brosimum —_-_____--_-_-__-_---- 213 Broussonetia__________-------_--- 435 Brucha_________--_--_------------ 409 macho —~_...----------------- 410 Brujerfa________--_-_---_---L------ 207 Brujitos._.-__----_------ ee 492 Brusea ~------------------------- 404 Buamiichil______________--------- 393 Bucephalon ~--___-_--------------- 204 Buckwheat family______---------_ 241 Bugambilla _...--_-------__------ 259 Bugavilea _..____________--_--_-- 259 Bugevilla__________-------------- 259 Bull bay ------------------------ 275 Bull-horn acacia________-_-_-___--- 374 Bullock’s-heart__________--__-_--- 284 Burro___---------------------- 303, 304 Burroweed____-_____-__---------- 253 Buttercup family___._.____-_---___--_ 266 Buttonwood________-_------------ 319 Butua_________________---------- 273 Caballero____-_--_--------------- 427 Caballitos _._.___-______----_--_-- 298 Cabellera_____-_----_------ 223, 227, 233 Cabellero _____-________----_---_- 425 Cabellito _._.--____-_________-____ 385 de fingel________-_-___---_--__ 387 Cabellitos de Angel___________-___ 385 de una vara _______--________ 385 Cabellos de fngel___._-____-_____- 267, 385 Cabeza de fngel__________--_-___- 385 de ilama______-____-----_--~-- 282 de negro____--___------------ 282 de vieja_._________-----_---- 267 Cabo de hacha__________-________ 513 Cabra-higo_________-_-_---------- 212 Cabrero ~_----------------------- 360 Caca de nifio ____----____-___-__-- 344 Cacahoananche___-______-_------- 343 Cacahoanantzin _-______-__--___~-- 343 Cacahuananche________________- 343, 482 Yacahuanano___________---------- 482 Cacahuanantl____________-_------- 482 Cacahuate___.-_-__-------------- 343 Cacanaguaste ____----_-----------. 442 Cacanaquasle __----__------------ 442 Cacao cimarr6én_______--.--------. 302 Cacaot]l ______--_-__------------. 407 Cacaute _--__---_-_-------------- 482 Cachecahua____-_------»--------- 439 Cachisd4 ___________-__-__------- 272 Cachito de aroma _____-_-_------- 379 Cacique ----.----_--------------- 478 Cadena de amor____-------------- 248 Caesalpinia acapulcensis__-___----~- 426 bonduc________-__--_-_------ 422 bonducella____.__-_-___-__-___ 422 Caesalpinia caladen cacalaco___. ~~ jai exostemga —__--_____________ gaumer | ee laxa ~~~ ee californica____________ -- pu besceng __-__.- multifiora palmeri _----_________- sclerocarpa —~~_---_______ sessilifolia _..______ sok en vesicaria _--.--_____. =e a yucatanensis______.-_-__ ______ Café del pais_---__-___._-- Cafecillo___ Cahuinga__ Caimancillo Calentano — California holly ~_______ eee Calliandra angelica __~- == anomal re conferta_..-- ~~ _ conzattii --.---- fulgens grandiflora___.-.--_.-§ 5-5 herbacea___-____ hirsuta INDEX, Page Page. 423 | Calliandra lambertiana__._________ 388 426 . laxa ~~~ ee 387 426 magdalenae ____.__-__________ 387 422 malacophylla_________________ 387 422 nitida__--__-____ ~_- ee 386 424 oaxacana ~~~ 388 422 palmeri_________ oon ene 385 424 penduliflora_. —____ (oe eee 387 426 portoricensis.__.-_.---_______ 388 426 purpusti_.-- _- 384 425 reticulata___-_-- 2 ee. 387 42 rupestrig = 384 422 tetragona___- == Wonk 388 424 unijuga _.-_______ we = 387 425 pueblensis _.______- --... 3887 426 valapensis = 387 426 | Calliandrine _~_-----__-e 385 426 | Calligonum __...---- 251 427 | Calonyction___-_.----- = 215 426 | Calopogonium___________________ - 506 425, | Calzoncillo..-.---.. = 416 424 | Camachile_~_...-_- ee 393 425 | Camanchil___----.--8 393 425 | Camay-cuy--_-- 173 423 | Cambrén___--- 428 424 | Camelina__.--§ =- 259 423 | Camichin__----§ 6 207, 212 424 | Camisdf--------- 272 423 | Camonsil —----------__ 393 427 | Campderia floribunda______________ 244 407 linderiana _~-.-__-______ 245 205 me@icana —~--.-. 244 200 | Camphor _-------- 286 420 | Cafia dulce 9-8-8 343 265 | Cafiafistula.....- 405 503 cimarrona ~----- 8 405, 344 grande _~-_-) 405 300 gruesa _------ _... 405 348 | Cafiandonga_.---- 405 428 | Canastilla_.--- == 240 38387 | Canavalia. =) 494 887 | Canchalagua —-----_-_- 454 385 | Canchfm___. 407 387 | Candelillo_.---- 406 386 | Candelita__.--- 8) 411 385 | Candongo-___---. 280 384] Canela. == 286, 385 388 | Canelillo_------ 296 386 | Canella alba__-..---- 276 386 | Canelo___------ 276, 296 386 | Canjura__----- 346 388 | Cansim____--_--- 482 386 | Cantem6__..--- 381 386 | Caper ie 302 384 family -~--___--_-_-__e ee 301 886 | Capollin-_---_-_- eee 340 388 | Capoltamalli_.---- 341 388 | Capomo _____-- ee 214 385 | Capparidaceae _----§--_ = 301 387 | Capparis amygdalifolia__..- 304 388 amygdalina _-_--- ee 304 386 | angustifolia__.--.-____-_____ 304 386 asperifolia___________________ 304 387 baducea __- 303 385 brevisiliqua_____.-_-________ 303 384 breynia ~---- ~~~ 304 INDEX, XI Page. Page. Capparis cuneiformis___—---------- 304 | Cassia bicapsularis _.._--_--------- 407 eynophallophora_-_-_-~~--~------ 304 biflora__..._.-._.--------------- 409 discolor __.___--~--- ---..---. 803 botteriana_____---_----_------ 408 ferruginea__---__- ~----- eee - 804 vbrowniana__—..-_-------------- 409 flexuosa __~ ~~~ Wee eee +e _ 303 chiapensis___.-__------------ 408 frondosa____--------~-----~--- 303 cinerea _...--_-------------- 403 furfuracea_____-__-_.--------- 305 densiflora________-_---------- 406 incana _-_-___---------~----- 304 diphylla___--__-------------- 403 indica________-___----------- 304 emarginata________---------- 410 jamaicensis____-__------------ 304 enneandra____-_----_--------- 403 karwinskiana____ ~~. ---------- 304 fistula____________--------- 405, 407 langlassei_____--------------- 304 flexuosa__.____-.------------- 404 longpipes_____--------- a 303 fruticosa_______------------- 406 odoratissima________--------- 304 fulva __--_------------------ 410 oxysepala_____--------------- 303 galeottiana________-_-------- 409 palmeri __-__---------------- 303 geminiflora___-__ a ee 409 paucifiora_____----- ~a-------- 304 goldmani____----------------- 409 pringlei __.-._---------------- 304 grandis __-__.___------------- 405 spinosa___.-_------ ~o ana e eee 302 greggii_______--------------- 403 umbellata_____--------------- 304 hartwegii____--___-----__---- 406 verrucosa____-__----------~--- 303 hispidula_____-__-_------------ 403 Capsicum_____~-__---------------- 227 holwayana__.___------------- 408 Capul____-__----~-------------- - 200 inaequilatera__-_-_-_------------ 406 Capuleo __. ~~~ ---------------- 410 laevigata__._.-_-_----------- 407 Capulf________------------- - 199, 340 leiophylla _-_---------------- 408 Capulin __--_--------------- 199, 340 leptocarpa__-_--------------- 404 grande _____----_------------ 212 liebmanni __--_---------~---- 411 Capulincillo___----------------- 314, 315 macdougaliana__-__._--------- 403 Capultamal_____-----.~---------- , 841 manzanilloana ___------------ 407 Capurco-__------------ aoe eae ee 410 morelensis_____--_-----__----- 409 Carfmano _____-___-__------------ * 405 multiflora ...-.--.----------- 408 Carao____--_~-----------~-+-. a 405 multijuga_______------------- 408 Carbon____ __------------------.- 360 nelsoni______-_--------------- 408 Carbonal ___-__-_------------- _..- 860 nicaraguensis ---_----------~-- 411 Carbonecillo _-----__---- ~ oa eee 885 oecidentalis________---------- 404 Carbonera ____---.------------ —~ 397 ornithopoides____-__--_-------_- 405 Carbonero _____------------------ 304 ovalifolia_____-._------------- 407 Cardo santo___---------- nee oe: 299 oxyphylla _------------------ 406 Cargo________---___------------- 405 pauciflora__--____-~----------- 403 Carita __---_---~ -i----+-------- == 391 peralteana____--------------- 410 Carito ____-_---_---------------- 391 picachensis ____-------------- 404 Carmin____---------------------- 265 polyantha __.__--_------~----- 409 Carnero ___-------------------- 218, 246 polyphylla_______------------ 408 de la costa.___-____----~--~--- 246 pringlei __.___-_-_------------- 409 Caro. hembra____-_--------------- 391 punctulata ________---------- 403 Carob__---~-_ ~------------------ 412 purpusi ______.--_----------- 408 Carretadera__.___--_------------- 375 quiedondilla _-___------------ 409 Carretero_______--_-------------- 842 racemosa_______------------- 411 Carzazo __----------------------- 425 reticulata______-------------- 411 Cascabel sonaja ~__---_- waa eee 891 seleriona ________-_----------- 411 Cascabelillo______---------------- 479 sericea_____..---------------- 405 Cascabelito __..._---------------- 437 skinneri_____ oo eee 408 Cascalote_____----------~------- 422, 423 spectabilis_________-_-------- 407 Cascar6n ~_-__--_-----------~----- 305 tomentosa______------------- 406 Casco de venado____-------~~--- 416 tonduzii____-_---------------- 409 Casia fistula____----------------- 406 tora _-_--_-------#---------- 405 Cassia acapulcensis____._-._-------- 409 trichoneura_..—~-.------------ 408 alata ---_---_____------------ 410 undulata _________----------- 406 andrieuxii —---- ~------- aan aee 410 unijuga _-_--_--------------- 409 arborescens ___--------------- 410 villosa _..__-_----- _ oo eee ---e 406 argentea ______-_------------ 407 | viminea_____---------------- 406 articulata ______._------------ 406 wislizeni _-._-___--_---------- 409 astroites _._.._-___--_--------- 406 Cassie flowers__------------------ 379 atomaria________-_-----~---- 410 | Cassytha__----~-~-~------------- 286 bacillaris________-__--------- 406 Castafia_______------------------ 171 berlandieri__-__--_-__----~----~- 406 Castafio___--- eee eee eee + 171 XII INDEX, Page. Page. Castilla ~~~ 207 | Chaparro_.--_______-_____. 184 elastica ~~. 214 prieto _--- 2 376, 378 lactiflua__o_ 214 | Chapilin-__-__--_- 437 Castillo, J. D. del__-_-.---_-_-_ 214 | Charamusco____________.___ > 386 Castilloa __-___--_ 214 | Charrasquillo._....-_._____ 173 Cat’s-claw --_--______--__ 394 | Chatalhuic _--_-______... 407 Catuche__-____-_-- 282 Chaucte____---- 289 Catucho____-_--______- 282 | Chelele _--_-__-__-_- 398, 399 Cayur-____-- 281 | Chenopodiaceae _-._----__________ 250 Cebatha_____-_.-_- 274 | Chenopodium fruticosum__________ 254 Cecropia__--_-__-__-- 216 | Cherry_--.-----_ ee 338 Cedro chino ______________ Hanne 434 laurel water____-_-___________ 341 Celosa --_-_-_--- ee 362 | Chestnut.__-__-__------ 171 Celosia_______-_--- eee 254 | Chicalote.._..-.-__________ _. 299, 300 Celtis anfractuosa___--_______ 200 de firbol _-----_._-_- 300 berlandiert__..--.-_-____ 201 | Chicharros _____-__----§ 503 canescens_ 2 199 | Chichicaste_._-...---..- 219 caudata_____._-- 201 Chichicastle _--_--_-_-_____ 219 iguamaea ~—~___________ 200 | Chichicastre____-__.______ 219 littoralis _-.-.- 201 | Chichicate._.-_-_._______._ 219 mississippiensis _.._._________ 201 Chichicaxtli ---------__-_- 219 monoica_--____--- 201 | Chichicazlillo_---_--_____. 219 occidentalis._-..____--_____ 201 | Chichicazte__--..-----_- 219 pallida__-__-~_--~ ee 200 nigua ~--~---______--_ 219 platycaulig__..--- 200 | Chico _------_- ee 302 reticulata ~---_--__-_________ 201 | Chicozapote-__------__-___- 302 schiedeana___--_- 199 | Chijol_---_------- 499, 511 tala ~~~ 201 Chilacayote.._-_.-__.--____ 501 Cempoalehuatl____--_-_ 198 | Chilamatl_----__--.-__-_ 210 Ceniza_------__-_-_----i- eee 198 | Chilapate-___-____-_--_--- 474 Cenizo-~___-_-_ 198, 251 | Chile color_-__-________.._ 227 Centrosema____-_-_~- 505 perro ~~ ~~-_-___-__-______ 410 Cepas__—-_~_~- 351 | Chilicote _--.-..-__--____ 499, 501 Cerasus__-_-.---___ 340, 341, 343 | Chilillo---_-__-. 267, 268, 276, 345 Ceratonia-____-_-____-__ 412 de cerro__-________ 267 Cerbatana____-______ 285 de la Huasteca____________ 345 Cercidium____-_______________ 428 venenoso _-~-~-_~- ee 345 Cercis ----_-- ~j----- ae 412 | Chilinchile..-.------ 404 Cercocarpus ~---__-____-_________ 827 | Chiminango_______-____§ 393 Cereza__--_--__~__-- 338 | Chincua___.--__-_-___. 282 Cerezo____-______ 338, 341, 34 Chinini ~--.----_-e 289 Chabacano ------_~_-_ 338 Chino_ ~~ 397 Chacalxochitl__-__--§ --§ - ee 424 | Chinto borrego.______-_______ | 306 Chacate__--__--__-_-__ 348 | Chipagua__________________ a 276 Chachaca_______ 276, 351 | Chipahuac..-__--_--- 276 Chachahua —_______-- 223 | Chipilfm_...-.----_-- 437, 438 Chacmolché_____-__-- 501 cimarr6én ~~~ 437 Chacsickin_______------_ 424 | Chirimoya_____________ 218, 281, 283, 284 Chacte__--_____-_ 424 cimarrona __-__-__- 283 Chac-xeiu ~----_-_-__ 235 de la barranca_______________ 283 Chaetoptelea___-____-- =e 198 | Chirimoyo _.--_-__---_-_- 283 Chalahuitl -----_- ee 398 | Chivatillo__--.-.-----_ 326 Chalalfé____-_-~_~___ ee 423 | Chlorophora _____-_---__--_-- 202 Chalate_--___________-___ 218, 420 | Chochito _--______________.__ 505 Chaleasfichil--_-._--_-_-_ 424 | Chochitos de Indio _______________ 492 Chamaebotia___-_----- 3826 | Chochoco__-______---- 270 Chamaecrista amplistipulata_______ 404 | Chocolfn ---_.----_- ee 499 cinerea ~~~. aoe 403 | Chocomico______--_-__- 237 flemuosa______ 404 Choh __-~__ 2. 440 yreggii.-. won ee 403 | Cholagogue Indio____-____________ 221 Chamaemeles _______~_-_. ---_ 836 | Chompipe ~.--___-_-_-_-__ 240 Chamiso___-___--_-__ 251, 825 | Chondodendron_________________ 274 Chamissoa -_-_-__________________ 255 | Chontal __--__-_____-________ 501 Chamolxochit] _-_-_--____________ 424 | Chottza _--_----__-- 499 Chancarro____-_~~_- 217 | Choven___-_____-___-_e 362 INDEX, XITl Page. Page. Christmas-berry ~----------------- 387 | Coccus__..._-------------------- 172 Chrysobalanus ------------------- 345 | Cochimbo __--------------------- 408 Chrysodendron —.----------------- 271 | Cochizquilitl __...---------------- 500 Chicata___-_----_--------------- 851 | Cocklebur __-_.------------------ 351 Chucte -__-_--.---------------- 289, 434 | Cockscomb -_---~----------------- 254 Chucum__ .-----_---------------- 397 | Cocla_-------_------- pune 416 Ciacancauayo _..----------------- 259 | Cocoa-plum___------------------- 345 Cibix___-.--..-----_--------+---- 507 | Cocobf.___-_.------------------- 240 Cierra tus puertas_._------------- 362 | Cococoba___--------------------- 240 Clis____.-__--------------------- 298 | Cocojegiiite _..------------------- 301 Cinco de Mayo_------------------- 254 | Cocorocho_-_-_-------------------- 514 Cinnamomum —__----------------- 286 | Cocote macaxihuitl __------------- 268 Cinnamon ___-___---------------- 286 mecatl _____----------------- 268 Cinorrod6n ___------------------- 334 | Cocoxihuitl _.------------------ 300, 301 Ciruelillo_______--------------- 237, 315 | Cocoztamatl __------------------- 267 Ciruelo_._._._-------------------=- 888 | Cocoztic___.__-------------------- 267 cimarr6n _____-_------------- 287 | Cocoztin ___--------------------- 267 de Espafia _------------------ 838 | Cocoztli____--------------------- 267 Cissampelos____------------------ 273 | Cocuile _------------------------ 511 Citriosma______---------+--------- 285 | Cocuite __-__-------------------- 511 Clacojegiiite_-__------------------- 801 | Cohetillo--.--------------------- 437 Clavellina _..-._----------------- 424 | Cohoba ------------------------- 354 Clavigero_____.------------------ 211 | Coilotapalo _.-------------------- 217 Clematis_____---_---------------- 266 | Coilotépalo___-------------------- 217 Climacorachis __------------------ 491 | Cojoba__-_-------------------- 354, 396 Clitoria _.---__-_---------------- 493 | Cojébana__-------------------- 354, 396 grandiflora_____-------------- 505 | Cojobillo _.-..----------------- 354, 388 plumieri_____---------------- 505 | Cojobo _------------------------- 354 polyphylla __.---------------- 470 | Cojones de gato-_---------------- 422 schiedeana___-__-----__------ 505 | Cola de marano_----------------- 396 sericea _._-._---------------- 472 de mico__-___--------------- 396 virginiana _.-....------------- 505 | Colorfn _---------- 304, 435, 498, 500, 501 Cnestidium _._------------------- 346 chiquito__------------------- 497 Coaca machalli-._.-_-------------- 394 de peces__------------------- 511 Coacamachalli_____--------------- 393 negro __--------------------- 500 Coahuilla Indians___-_---_-------- 253 | Colorincito ---------------------- 498 Coamecate___------------------ 247,248 , Colutea -_----------------------- 479 Coamecatl] --------------------- 247,248 | Coma de ufia__------------------- 261 Coamichin ___----__--------------- 207 | Comal __------------------------ 280 Coapinol_.____------------------- 413 | Comida de murciélago--_---------- 404 Coate _...--______-_------------- 444 | Commicarpus -------------------- 262 Coatl____------------------------ 444 | Compsoneura _--~-- _uuua--------- 284 Coatlamit]______----------------- 328 | Comuchin ___-------------------- 212 Coatlantli _..__------------------- 328 | Conacaste__--~------------------ 391 Coatlanxocotl ___----------------- 328 | Conchi___----------------------- 393 Coatli_____..-------------------- 444 | Conchido_----------------------- 396 Cobreque ___--------------------- 476 | Confederate vine __~-------------- 245 Coccoloba acapulcensis__-—---------- 246 | Confitura____-------------------- 205 barbadensis __.-_------------- 246 | Connaraceae -_------------------- 345 chiapensis _--_--_------------- 246 | Connarus family__--------------- 345 cozumelensis -__-------------- 246 | Contracapitano___---------------- 240 floribunda __-__-------------- 944 | Conzatti, C_--------------------- 427 goldmanii_-+__---------------- 245 | Conzattia____-------------------- 427 grandifolia_____-------------- 245 | Coob6____----------------------- 210 humboldti -__---_------------ 246 | Copaifera____.------------------- 430 jurgenseni _____-------------- 246 | Copalm balsam_—----------------- 317 lapathifolia_____------------- 245 | Copinol ___---------------------- 413 liebmanni___----------------- 245 | Copé___------------------------- 210 lindeniana ___---------------- 245 | Copoy__------------------------- 209 oawacensis ___-_-------------- 246 | Coquito ___-------------------- 303, 385 orizabae____-_-_------------- 246 | Cora] ___------------------------ 265 pubescens __----------------- 245 | Coralillo _._---------------- 248, 265, 396 schiedeana ~___-------------- 246 earmin__-------------------- 265 uvifera _-_-_----------------- 244 rosado ___------------------- 248 yucatana ____-_--_----------- 246 | Coralin-__----------------- _a---- 498 Cocculus _.-_-------------------- 974 | Coralina__-__-------------------- 501 XIV INDEX, Page. Page. Coralito-__---_--_--_ aon 265 | Cracca proboides __-_______.______ 475 Coralitos_________ wee ee eee ee 265 palmeri__-.---- 475 Coraz6n___--.- = 284 platyphylia___--____. 472 cCimarrén ~~ 281 potosina__-_-_---_- 472 Coreho___-__-- 281 pringlei_---__-__---- 474 Cork____-_- 171 purpurea —-________ ie 474 oak__-_--- 172 rhodantha __-----_- 472 Cornezuelo ~_-___-_-- 374, 375 schiedeana__-_-_--_-_- = 474 Cornidia_____ ~~ 308 | seemanni _-_-_--____- 473 Corona___--_--~_~- 248 sericea —---_-_ 472, 478 de la reima______-_____ 247 submontana_____--_-- 473 Coronilla.._..------ 248 talpa ~~ 473 Corpus____------__-_- 275 tenella —.-_-__----__-__ 474 Cortapico_-_-___-_-_- ee 342 tepicama__----- 473 Cortés _--_---- ee 425 toxicaria _-----e 473 Cortex Winteranus___________. | 276 venosa ~_--~___ ee 475 Costillas de vaca_______________ 251 vicioides__-_.-_-- 474 Cotfn__---- ee 274 virginiana ______---_ 470 Ootoneaster___.__-_-__ es 337 watsoniana_________ 472 Couepia __--_____-_ ee $44, Crassulaceae__----___-- 307 Coulteria__----_________ 424 | Crataegus arbutifolia_._._...__ | 337 Coumarouna___-_--_-8 430 | baroussana _..---- = 335 Courbaril__-_----_- 413 | sreggiana_______- 336 Coursetia axillaris....--_- 481 hypolasia__....----_ 336 glandulosa__________________ | 481 mexicana__-__---- 336 madrensis_________________ > 481 microsperma __.__________ 336 mewicana.___- ee 483 minor oo 3837 microphylla__.--_.- = 481 nelsoni_-.------ 336 mollis... 481 parryana __-- 336 Planipetiolata__._.-_.______ 481 pubescens____----_ 336 polyphylla__._-----__ 481 botterti 2-0 336 virgata__----_-_____ 481 rosei_-__ 336 Coussapoa _-_-_-__---_ 218 stipulosa _------ 336 Cowagl____. ee 504 subserrata_._---- 336 Cowania_____--__e ee 326 | Crataeva ---._--e ee 305 Cowitch__--_-__-__-_ 504 | Crespillo_--.---- 267 Coyacate -_-_-----_____ 355 | Cresta de gallo___......... 254, 476 Coy6___--- 289 | Crica de negra____.____..___ 505 Coyocté __-_--- 289 | Crossosoma __--_-.---__- 320 Coyuacate _---- =. 398 family _.------e 320 Cozahuique --_--___---_-_ 212 | Crossosomataceae_.__________ | 320 Cozquelite __--__.__-__-__- 499 | Crotalaria __-.----- ee 436 Cozticacuilot] .~--_-___-__ 310 | Cryptocarpus capitatus_.....__ 261 Crab-eyes_.-.-- = 497 | Cuacamaya-____----- 425 Crab’s-eyes _______ weet 492 | Cuachepil___-__.----- 479 Cracea affinig _--_.-___-__ 472 | Cuajilote._--.-- 240 brandegei_-_-___-___ 474 | Cuajinicuil _-------e- 398, 399 cinerea_-o- 474 | Cuamecate__---__--- 248 crassifolia __.--_-_ -aauee 471 | Cuam6chil__------ 393 cuernavacana ________._ 473 | Cuamfchil______-__--_ wo---e 393 diversifolia__--__--_- 472 | Cuanacaztle ~------_ 391 edwardsii___-_-- 477 | Cuapinol _---------- 413 glabrescens —-.-- 477 | Cuapinole__..---_-- —_ 413 glandulifera_..----___ 477 | Cuapinoli--_---.---- 413 greenmanit ~~~ 477 | Cuapinolli--.------ 413 lanata --22- 2 471 | Cuate_-- eee 444 langlassei___-________________ 473 | Cuatlataya__.--...--.- 300 leiocarpa ~-—_____-_-_- 472 | Cuauchepilli_..---- 479 leucantha____~-____-_ 473 | Cuauchile._--.----.__ 215 macrantha_—-__________-_____ 473 Cuauchilli __--..---_--- 301 majors g | Ctmumecath 248 micheliana_-----=-==8 472 Cuaumochtli__----__---_ 393 mollis_.-- 477 | Cuaunacaztli_-__-..-.---_ 391 multifolia_--- -25- 473 | Cuca__--- 359 nitens-_-_--2ee 474 | Cucablanea __.-_----- 481 INDEX. XV Page Page. Cucharitas ~__----..------------ 173, 873 | Dalea megacarpa _---------------- 460 Cuernitos ---_.------------------ 374 biuncifera___------------ 460 Cuernos del toro _---------------- 374 melantha____---------------- 455 Cuilimbuca ___--1---------------- 506 mucronata ____--.----------- 460 Cuil6n -_-- ~~ -------------~--- _- 359 naviculifolia____------------- 463 Cuje_______--------------------- 399 neglecta_______-------------- 452 Cujf --_--------------------- --- 3879 nutans___-_----------------- 454 ecimarron ___----------------- 379 orceuttti_______-_-.---------- 451 Cumbro __--__------------------- 201 ovalifolia____---------------- 456 Cunonia family __---------------- 316 parryt —-_------------------- 452 Cunoniaceae ____----------------- 316 pectinata____.--------------- 462 Cupanda -__--------------------- 290 plumosa___- ~~. -------------- 456 Cura________-__----------------- 290 polycephala___--------------- 464 Curaqua__----------------------- 419 procumbens____--- _u--------- 452 Curarador ____------------------- 301 psoraleoidegs __--~----------- 463 Curbaril_____-------------------- 413 | pulchella___._-_--+----------- 464 Currant ____-_------------------- 313 | purpusi___-..---------------- 458 Cusa_____----------------------- 355 quinqueflora _.___------------ 460 Cuscuta_________---------------- 286 radicans ___----------------- 453 Custard-apple __---------------- 282, 284 ramosissima__—-------- 454, 458, 463 Custard-apple family__-------- -. OTT rosea __--___----__---------- 453 Oyanobotrys ~_------------------- 515 schaffneri _-_---------------- 453 Cydonia____--------------------- 334 schottii _.....-_-------------- 451 Cymbopetalum __----------------- 279 scoparia ____----------~----- 461 Cynometra___-------------------- 412 seemanni____-_--------------- 463 Cytisus cajan ____---------------- 503 spinesceng ~---------+-------- 451 Dalbergia___--------------------- 507 spinosa _..._---------------- 451 Dalea acutifolia _----------------- 460 thymoides_____-------------- 464 anthonyi ~------------------- 453 thyrsiflora___--------- wuw----- 455 argentea__----------------- 462, 464 tinctoria _.__---------------- 462 argyrea _-------------------- 463 arenaria ___------------- 462 argyrostachya___------------- 456 tomentosa ___-__------------- 462 benthami____---------------- 460 _ trochilina __~---------------- 463 berlandieri___-.-------------- 451 tuberculata____-_------------- 463 calycosa__-_----------------- 451 verbenacea _-__-------------- 462 canescens ___---------------- 464 gericea______------------ 462 capitata____----------------- 460 verrucosa _____-------------- 464 comosa______---------------- 464 versicolor _.___-_------------ 459 crassifolia _..---------------- 457 viridifiora _.----------------- 453 crenulata___----------------- 454 wislizeni_4_-—---------------- 459 decora _____--_-------------- 465 sessilis____- ee eee 459 diffusa __.------------------- 454 zgimapanica _-_-__-_-_--------- 455 divaricata ____--------------- 453 Damasco___--------------------- 338 cinerea_____------------- 452 | Daubentonia cavanillesii__._..---- 476 domingensis____-------------- 455 thurberi _._.__-.------------ 479 dorycnoides__---------------- 464 | Day_-------.------- ---------- 380, 386 ehrenbergii _-__--------------- 463 | Delonix_____-------------------- 427 emoryi _.-_------------------ 461 Demthy---------~- oe eee 499 eriophylla __.---------------- 458 | Dendromecon __------------------ 299 eysenhardtioides__------------ 461 | Dendrophthora__~—-~-------------- 223 filictformis__—----------------- 450 | Derris _-__..-------------------- 511 formosa __------------------- 457 | Desmanthus ___. ~---------------- 366 frutescens _._---------------- 461 | Desmodium amplifolium __--------- 487 gracilig_______--------------- 454 chartaceum ~_-__------------- 487 gracillima __----------------- 454 chiapense___----------------- 487 greggti _-.------------------- 458 cinereum _______-----_------- 487 hegewischiana__-------------- 453 conzattii______-__------------- 486 lasiostachya ___-------------- 458 foliosum____------------ _uee- 486 lawiflora_____---------------- 453 ghiesbreghtii _-__-_------------ 487 leucostachys ___-_------------- 461 jaliscanum_—~---------------- 486 leucostoma_____-------------- 457 obtusum___-------------- 486 lumholtzii _-_-_--------------- 460 lunatum_____---------------- 485 lutea_______----------------- 456 macrostachyum____---_------- 487 macrostachya___.------------ 457 nitidum __.------------------ 487 maritima___-__-------------- 452 orbiculare ____-_------------- 486 XVI Page. Desmodium plectocarpum__._..___- 486 plicatum ~__-_---__--_- 486 psilophyllum ______.-- 486 purpusii__.-..-~ 485 Desmopsis ~-__--_----_-_ 280 Désota -----__-- 382 Detze ---- 341 Deutzia ----_-_-----___ 308 Dewberry_____-___-___ 328 Diaz del Castillo, Bernal _-_________ 318 Dibidibi ~----__- 423 Dicraurus ~---__.._.-_-_- 256 Didymopanax ____...___-___-____ 217 Dinde -_-__-____-~___ 203, 394 Dioclea___-_____-- 494 Diphysa -_----_---__ 478 Diptery@ ~--_-_-----.-- 430 Discocarpus___.-.-- 219 Dividivi ~----_-_--_--- 423 Dodder_____-_---2 ~~~ 286 Dogwood ~-____-__-_ 511 Dolicholus _-_____-_-_______ 496 Dolichos altissimus_______._._______ 504 minimus___- 497 pruriengs__ oe 504 Don Diego de noche______________ 259 Donapé ____-_-_ 347 Dondia________-_ 253 Dopini -----_--_-__-__-e 335 Dopri -~-----__ ee 335 Dormidera_______----- 362 Dormil6n ~~ 405 Dormilona ______-__________ 362, 363 Dorstenia_--_____-_- 202 Drago_-____-_ 508 Drag6n-__---- 206 Dragon’s-blood ~--.--_-__-_ 508 Drepanocarpus -__-_-_---__-_ | 508 Drimys____------ 276 Duerme de noche____---__-_ 407 Dulongia ----- = 313 Durazno___-- ee 338 Dussia ---------- 436 Ear-flower_-.------- 279 Har-tree------ 391 Ebano_.---- 388, 396, 423, 426, 442 Eboe-tree__--- 430 Feapacle__------ 404, Ecapatli------ 8 404, 407, 410 Kepatli------ 404, Ehrenberg, C, A__--- 269 Bjotil------ 405 Elemuy --------=- 278 Elm -------- a-ak 198 family -------8 198 Hlostchil__------ 275 Blotl_------ 275 Emory, W. H------- 188 Emplectocladus___-_- 340 Encina-_--_----s 172, 178, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 343 blanca 186 capulincillo.----_ 185 chaparro__---8 185 coiorada...-- --- 189, 191 de asta --_----- 198 INDEX, Page. Encina de miel____-_________ 172, 184 memelita....._.-.___ 173 memelito______.-.___________ 182 Tegra ~..-----____ 2 ____ 185, 189 prieta__-_---____-_ 184, 186 quiebra-hacha _______________ 184 roble___--_____________ 180, 183, 197 saucillo _---__-_-_--- 193 Encinilla____-_--__.-__________ 173, 346 Encinillo--_------_- 317 Engelmann, George __________._____ 186 Engorda-cabra _------. 486 Engorda-cabras_.-.__.._____________ 464 Enguande _-______-__-_- ee 300 Engiiemba____-.-_-_--_-_ 2 300 Fnredadera____-_--__-___________ 470 de San Diego________________ 247 Entada______-_--_-- 349 Enterolobium _..__-__________ 391 Equipal _--__-__-_-_--_-_ 199 Eriobotrya-__....____________ 334 Eriogonum_________________ 241 Eriosema___.--..--_-_-__ 495 Ervendberg, L. C___--____________ 363 Erythrie acid _-------_-___________ 498 Erythrina americana______________ 501 breviflora_____...---______ 499 carneéa ~~ ee 501 corallodendron___________.__ 501 coralloides__._.-_._-__._____ 501 divaricata_______-.-____ 501 flabelliformis_________________ 501 goldmanii____________________ 501 herbacea _..0 =e 500 horrida _-----__ ee 500 lanata ~~... ~~ 500 latiflora__..._-_.--- 499 leptocalyx ~~~» -_-_- 500 leptorhiza _-----___ 500 lithosperma —________________ 498 longipes.____-_-_--_ 501 montana —~_-__-__-____________ 500 occidentalis__________________ 500 petraea ~___ ~ ee 499 princeps _.-____________ 502 purpusi______________ 501 rosea ~~ ~-~-- ee 502 rubrinervia_~__-__--_-_-___- 500 setosa 00-8 499 Erythrine _.--- = 498 Erythrobalanus _-_-_____________ | 172 Erythroidine________-______ 498 Erythroresin-__._-________________ 498 Escallonia family_..._____________ 313 Escalloniaceae _.-_.-- 313 Escambr6n ~-_____ $$ 261, 509 Escaramujo -____-________-_ 334 Escoba larga —--..______________ 454 Escobilla_-_.-__-_---_-_-__ --- 486 Escorzonera de jiquelite___________ 439 Escremento______--_--- — 304 Espanta-lobos____-__._-§_-_ 424 Espina de vaca _--_______________ 362 Espinillo-.-2--- 379, 428 de Espafia___________________ 428 INDEX, Page. Espino_---.----------- 379, 380, 381, 393 blanco ____-_.------------- 374, 379 de playa ~----------------- 393, 394 negro __-----.--~--------.- ---- 261 real de Espafia___-__--------- 428 y camote __------------------ 261 Espinuelo ------------------------ 394 Espuela de caballero--_----------- 427 Pstoraque _-___------------------ B17 Eurotia __--_-------------------- 252 Eysenhardtia amorphoides _-------- 443 orthocarp@ __------------ 443 cobriformis ___--------------- 444 olivana ~.-__---------------- 441 orthocarpa _----------------- 443 parvifolia _--__----.--------- 443 peninsularis _._----------~----- 443 platycarpa ------------------ 444 polystachya ~.----------~----- 443 punctata _------------------- 443 reticulata ____.-------------- 443 schizocalyx ------------------ 443 spinosa____--_---------- anne 443 subcoriacea___-_------- ------ 444 texana____---~--------.----- 444 Fabaceae_______----------------- 429 Fagaceae__----------------~------ 171 Fallugia__-_---_ * eee 325 False indigo______-__------------- 442 sandalwood____-------------- 237 Farolito.______------------------ 240 Fendler, August_-_---------------- 312 Fendlera _-___-_------------------ 312 Fendlerella _.--_----------------- 811 Ficus angustifolia__--__----------- 209 bvonplandiana _~~------------- 213 brandegei_____--------------- 211 calyculata-__---------------- 213 earica_____------------------ 206 complicata____-—-.------------ 212 ecookii________------- -------- 209 cotinifolia _____-------------- 210 erassinervia_____------------- 206 elastica _._._.-_-------------- 206 fasciculata_____-------------- 212 fuscescens ~_---------- ees 213 glaucescens__-_--------------- 209 glycicarpa__-_--------------- 213 goldmanii__-___--_----------- 213 guadalajarana__—-—-—-------—---- 209 hernandeziit______-_---------- 209 involuta___-_---------------- 213 jaliscana___-----~---------- 210 jonesii _.-__------------------ 213 kellermannii ___-_------------ 210 lapathifolia__---------------- 212 lentiginosa___--__------------ 212 ligustrina__-__---- L__~--_--+-- 212 mexicana_______-__----------- 209 microchlamys ~--------------- 212 mywacfolia_____-------------- 210 nitida________--------------- 206 nymphaeifolia__-__-_--------- 210 obtusifolia____--__----------- 213 padifolia____.--------------- 212 XVII Page. Ficus palmeri _.-__---------------- 211 panamensis____---_---------- 210 petiolaris._______------------- 210 pringlei __.__----------------- 211 radula_____-__-__-__---------- 209 radulina _-____.------------- 209 religiosa__---_-- L__----_----- 206 segoviae_____-----_---------- 209 sonorae___-___-------------- 212 subrotundifolia________------- 210 tecolutensis___--_------------ 209 yucatanesis _.__.. ____--------- 213 Fig...._--__-__---------------- 205, 206 Fifiisachi____..._______----------- 379 Flamboyant ~----_--------------- 427 Flame-tree __._------------------ 427 Flor barbona______--------------- 424 de fngel_-__----_------------- 424 de chapa __------------------ 424 de coraz6n___-_-------------- 275 de guacamaya__—------------- 424 de guaco --_---_------------- 240 de madera ___--__------------- 222 de papagallo ___-------------- 511 de pato _.------------------- 240 de pavo ---.----------------- 424 de pito -_--------------------- 505 de rayo ~_---~--------------- 428 de San Diego_--__------------ 247 de San Francisco _-_~--------- 424 de San José___------------- 409, 410 de San Miguel___------------- 248 del camar6én ~~------------- 424, 427 del secreto____--------------- 410 Flower-fence___---_--------------- 425 Forchammeria __-_--------------- 305 Four-o’clock ___------------------ 259 family __-------------------- 259 Frailecillo___________------------ 343 Frambayano ____------------------ 427 Framboyfn ---------------------- 427 Frambuesa __-------------------- 328 Frijol de chintlatahua__---~------- 498 de monte_____--------------- 406 de palo__-------------------- 503 guandus ~------------------- 503 Frijolillo ------------- 396, 404, 407, 435, 436, 495, 497, 503, 505 Frijolito _----------------------- 435 Fruta de burro__----------------- 303 de pitillo _---_--------------- 498 Fulmina __.--------------------- 248 Furruscea ____-------------------- 404 Fustete ____.-------------------- 203 Fustic ___--_.------------------- 203 Gabia____.-__------------------- 379 Galactia acapulcensis ----~--------- 502 argentea __.----- #----------- 503 brachystachya ~~------------- 502 brevistyla ____--------------- 502 incana _____-_--------------- 502 multiflora _____-------------- 502 pinnata __------------------- 470 striata ____-__----.---------- 502 XVIII INDEX, Page. Page Galactia tephrodes___.____________ 503 | Guacamaya francesa______________ 410 viridiflora _.__-_-_-__ 502 Pequefia --.-_-_--_-_ 425 wrightli---_---____________ 503 | Guacamayo____________ 265, 300, 424, 506 Galega cinerea ____.______________ 474 | Guachapurillo.------ 346 frutesceng -~__-__-_ 440 | Guachichil__--------e 301 Galeotti, Henri______-_________ 179 | Guachichile _-------e 301 Gallinitas —-------- 495 | Guachilli------__-- 300 Gallito___--_____ 200, 298, 424,476 | Guachimole._.--__--- 393 Gallitos —------ 473 | Guachipelé__---_--- 479 Gandul____---_-_- 503 | Guachipilfn_.----. == 479 Gandures_____-___o 503 | Guacimilla__--_---_--- 199 Garabatillo__.-___----_ 359, 365 eimarrona —--_____ 418 Garabato -----_- 200, 261 | Guacis ~----- 88 369 blanco___-- 200 | Guaco--_-- 8 240 prieto_-_---_-_ee ee 261 del sur_.-_---_-- 240 Garambullo —----___---_- 261,334 | Guacolote__-.--_--_- 422 Garbancillo_---.-- 469 amarillo..-—----__-_____--____ 422 de la costa __--_--_- _-. 481 prieto-_..--__---_--_ i 422 Garbanzo falso__-____________ | 503 Guacéporo alaaiaieeteiaietateteteietetetatetetee 428 Gatuflo------- 360, 365, 377 | Guaima—-—————— 219 blanco-------8 382 | Guajavo--_—-_-- 410 Gavia -____________________ 376, 379, 383 Guadttia Too anno nn nn nnn nnn 582. aoe Geoffraea__-__________-_- SOG rrr errs sese ’ Geum cercocarpoides ________ -- 825 | cate TTT enn a a - soe an dryadoides____ 826 | Guamachi Woe enn nnn nnn 398 Ghoto__-_---- Eee Gigantillo —— == 1 lee eee oe 38 amore, M. R---- ee 199 Giiamuchil. 393 liricidia____---__-__-__e 482 00" eae Glycine abrus —_--_---_--_- 492 | quamuchiile BT em ~ ao diffusa ~--______ 495 | * nan eeeeteieieteteieiatates phaseoloides _____________ 497 quand hedionda Saleaiaiateieiaienateiaeeaiee oe precatoria me me me me me 497 | Guanfbana mse 282 pulchella = 496 G Ab eeneeieeteieiietaietaietetets 282 sagittata _._-- 505 aaa ltmas,cn Siaieiiaieieiainianiaiaintatnenate ORT striata —————- .---------_____. 502 de corcho_.------ 282 Glycyrrhiza. —___ ~---------------e 492 Guanacaste 391 Glyeyrrhizin --. _-----_- 8 492 Guandt... 2 503 Goldmannia____-_--- = 354 Guaniqui WT nm 265 Goma animé de México _________ — 413 Guaniquique BE mn _ 256 de la tierra-___-. 413 Guapillo..... 495 de mezquite ———-——------_--—- 352 Guapinol 413 te 7 352 Guapinole ~---_----e 413 Sonora -__-__---__ 480 Guapo______ - 495 Gomphrena latifolia ______________ 259 Guarima BEE 217 Gooseberry nanan $6 | Guarumbo = family-——-----_-__--_.--____- 313 | Guarumo________..... 217 Goosefoot family _-_______ ae _- 250 | Guastapana_. 423 Gordolobo ~-_--»--~.---------__- 300 Guatapfin_e 22 423 Graham, G. J_--__-__----_ 197 | Guatapanf__§ StS” 428 Granadillo___-________.___ 236, 507 | Guatapanare._.------ 423 Granalino___-__--- - -- 369— Guatope...... sw 399 Grangeno___________ --------- 200 | Guatteria..- tS” 277 Granjeno —___-_________ _- ---= 200 | Guauyul_..-- 303 huasteco_-_-__-_ a 200 | Guaxi_ ne 368 Granolino__—__---_--_ 388 Guayabillo... 508 Greasewood__---_____-- 325 | Guayabito de tinta_--__. 344 Greenheart -____--_- 296 | Guayabodeloro....... 303 Greggia --_--- 326 | Guayacin_----- 396 Grosourdy, René de_-__--- | 219 | Guayaniquil..._.._- 2399 Grossularia_____-__ ~--- eee 316 | Guayavillo.----- =e 426 Grossulariaceae .------ =, 813 Guaymachile.----- 393 Guacamaya ---__----_- ---- 424 | Guayolote.... 378 amarilla..-.--- - 410 | Guayule.--- 323 de costa___-_____-- ee 423 | Gtiegtiecho._-.. = = 240 INDEX, XIX Page Page. Guete-regl_____------------------ 427 | Hesperothamnus__---.--_.--_----- 484 Guiamol____-__-_---------------- 350 | Heteromeles __-_---_------------- $37 Guiche-belle ____----------------- 428 | Hicaco .__._._------------------ 345 Gu-ichi-gu__-___----------------- 261 Hierba burro.____----_----------- 386 Guie-biche_______---.------------ 442 de bulla_.---_--------------- 505 Guielachi__----__---- ~eae eee 275 de canela___________-~-------- 385 Guilandina bonduc__-__----------- 422 de ciénaga_____-__-___-------- 490 . bonducella__._____------------ 422 de gallinazo_____-_-__--__---- 404 moringa____---.------------- 306 de la calentura___-_-____------ 259 Guindo__-_-_-------------------- 338 de la conchuda___--__-__----- 286 Guinea-hen weed__-__------------- 265 | - de la potra-_-___------------ 404 Guineillo ______------------------ 279 de la vaca_______---~-_--_--- 414 prieto___-_-_-_----------------- 279 de la viruela_____------_----- 313 Guisache _____--..--------------- 351 de las gallinitas__._..._-____-- 264 corteilo_____-___-__----------- 375 de las mataduras_.___--_-_---- 275 Guisache yondiro----------------- 379 de los avaros_____-__---_----- 267 Guismora__..-------------------- 332 de Santa Rosa __------_---~-- 247 Gum, Angico_____--_------------- 354 de vibora___----------------- 468 animé_________-------------- 413 del Angel __-_____--__-------- 385 arabic____.___---_----------- 870 del burro__---------------- 253, 408 Gusano______-____----_---------- 513 del duende_____-------------- 495 Guzano de pica-pica __..__---.----- 504 del espanto __-_____-__--_---- 424 Gymnopodium__--_--------------- 248 del indio_____-__--_---------~- 264 Gyrocarpus__-------------------- 298 del ojo _--_----__-_---------- 274 Haabif_______________-------~----- 511 del pasmo_____-__------------ 325 Haabin________---_----------.----- 511 del tabardillo___._-_-____--_-~-- 259 Haba __-______-_--__---_----~----- 350 del talaje___--__------------- 286 de barraneca________------+---- 467 hedionda ~___---------------- 404 de la costa.__._-------------- 350 hedionda macho ____---------- 407 de monte ________-_----~----- 494 mora __.-----------~-------- 266 de San Antonio_____---------- 422 raton _.---_- ---------------- 274 Habf___-_____________~------------ 511 rosario..______-------_------ 490 Habilla__._._.______--_------- ween 404 | Higo___-_-----___---------------- 206 prieta___________- a ee 404 de Indias_________--_-------- 212 Hackberry__-_--_---------------- 199 loxe chico ___---------------- 210 Haematoxylin_________---_------- 419 loxe grande_______----------- 209 Haematoxylum_______------------ 418 | Higuera_.__._------------- 206, 209, 210 Haenke, Thaddeus_______----- "sag | ~Higuer6én_____------------------- 210 Hahn, Ludwig-------~----------- 279 | Higuerote —~~-- oe en 210 Halostachys _.--_--__-_ oe 253 | Higuito _-__.___-_---------------- 212 Hamamelidaceae__-_____ ~~~ ee 317 | Hilama____- ge eee 282 Hamdek__.___..--__-------------- 204 | Hinds, R. B____------------------- 375 Hamdek-kiup_-__—~_------- _o---__-. = 204: |:*Mirtella ---------~--------------- 344 Hanon __--_-- Woe eee eee 284 | Hispasina _-___------------------- 264 Harfordia _._..-__-._------------ 242 | Hoatzin____~ ee eee eee 368 Harpalyce ___- --_----~----------- 465 | Hoaxin----__.----------------- 368, 411 Havard, V________-~------------- 338 | Hoeiamatl____-_--.-------------- 212 Havardia _____-_ ~~ --- ~~ +--+ -+- 397 | Hoffmanseggia __-_--------------- 419 Haw, red_---__ Woe ae eee eed 335 | Hog pium ___-------------------- 237 Hawthorn _______-_-__-----~------ 385 | Hoitziloxitl. ____-_-_--.----------- 434 Hbeeb_________------------------- 261 | Hoitzquahuitl___..-..------------ 422 Heart-flower _______-------------- 276 | Hoja de sen______-------------- 408, 424 Hebanthe hookeriana__-—---~~—------ 256 | Hojasén_-_---------------------- 427 molligs____ _-----------.------ 259 del pafgs__-_----------------.- 427 palmeri ___---- Wee 958 | Holly, California_...--.---------- 337 subnuda___________---.------ 258 | Holly-leaf cherry_..-~------------ 342 Hediondilla______._---- 239, 369, 408, 410 | Holodiscus__--------------------- 324 Hediondillo ___._.____-__----------- 404 | Holquahuitl.___..-.-------------- 215 Hedysarum cinereum __—~----------- 487 | Hopwood___--------------------- 244 Heliocarpus_____----------------- 206 | Hormigo __---------------------- 249 Hematin _____---_---__---------- 419 | Hormiguera--_-—----------------- _. 408 Hernindez, Francisco _____----—--- 298 Horseradish _-~------------------ 307 Hernandia__________-_----------- 298 tree__________-_------------- 307 family __-__-- rn 298 tree family ___----- —--------- 306 Hernandiaceae_______ _-~-----~--~- 298 | Horsewood__---------~------------ 244 Henandiazéa_____ ~ oe Wee 259 Hortensia _.._-_-_-_-------------- 308 XX Page. Huachipilfn_____-_____-__ 479 Huaco__---____-- 240, 241 Huahuauchi___---- 508 Huaje___-_----_-__ 368, 411 Huajilla-__---_--_ ee 382 Huajillo.-_-_-_-_-_-_- 378, 382, 397 Hualhua --_--_-_- 275 Huamuche___-_______-______ 393 Huamfichil____-_--- 393, 418 costelo__-_______- 393 Huanaba --__-- ee 282 Huanacaxtle___-__________.__ 391 Huanehal______________ 205 Huassi-_------_- 368 Huaxin ~----_-_ 368 Huele de noche___________________ 261 Huesillo-_-_----_-_ 435 Huevo de rana__________________ 490 Hufelandia_______-_--_ 292 Huinecaztle -_--_--_-_____ 891 Huiquilit]l.-------__-_ 440 Huisache______________ 378, 379, 397, 423 chino__-_~__-_-- 379 de la semilla_______-_________ 3879 Huismora ~--__-_____ 332 Huitzmamaxalli_________._____ | 374 Huitzquahuitl _----_.._______ 422 Huixachin__---_-_________. 379 Huizache ____-____________. 255, 878, 423 Hulfndini-__-____-_-_ 398 Hule ~---2-- 215 Humo -_____ ee — 393 Hydrangea _-_--______________ 308 family.--_____-___________ 308 Hydrangeaceae___________________ 308 Hydrocyanic acid_________________ 341 Hymenaea __-_-_--_____ 413 Hypaphorine --________ 498 Hyperbaena_____________________. 273 Taiti _------ ee 482 Ieaco__--~--- ee 345 de aura___-__-___________ 344 Teaquillo ~~~ 344 Ichthyomethia ~-_________________ 510 Iguanero__-_____________________ 424 Tguano_____----_-_-__ 359, 424 Tlama ~_~~__-- 282, 284 de Tehuantepec _____-_________ 282 Tlamatzapotl______________ 282 Ilicilum__-- 277 Incieno de Petapa________________ 413 de la tierra____________ aaa ue 413 Indigo__-________________ 440, 442 Indigo-bush____-______________ 451 Indigo-thorn -_____-_______ 451 Indigofera acutifolia _...__________ 439 anil oe 440 conzattii__-________-__ 441 coronilloides______________ 439 costaricensis _-_______________ 441 cuernavacana____________ 441 densiflora _-._-__________ 439 ercelsa__.---_---- 441 fruticosa ____--____-___ 441 hippocrepoides_______________ 439 Jaliscensis__._........_.____ > 440 INDEX, Page. Indigofera leptosepala___.._.______ 439 lespedezioides _.--____________ 439 lindheimeriana_____________ 440 lotoides.---- 441 mewicana_____-___-_ = 439 montana ___--_- ee 440 mucronata______-__ 440 ornithopodioides__.______ 439 palmeri —-----_ 441 platycarpa _.-_-__--_-__- 439 purpusii ~-------- 441 sabulicola _..____ ae -e eee 439 Salmoniflora —.-___________ | 441 sphaerocarpa _____________ | 439 Sphinctosperma ______________ 440 suffruticosa__._._-..--_______ | 440 thibaudiama __._-___-____ 441 tinctoria _------ 440 torulosa__..--- 440 tumidula---_-_----_- 440 Inga_--_~-___- 393, 397-400 anomala ~~ 385 canescens ~~~ 384 cognat@. 394 coriacea___---- — 400 edulis__.____ poe anne 399 emarginata _.-____-_______ 384 eriocarpa____.-- 399 fissicalyx 2 399 flexuosa...------ 400 guatemalensig__________ 359 hirsuta ~~~ 388 Jinicuil -.----e 398 lanceolata... 393 laurina ..2__ ee 398 leptoloba______-_--_-_ 398 patens _-_______________ 349 paterno_____--______ 399 pennatula 8 379 pringlef__-_-_-__________ 399 purpusii --_-________________ 399 radians _--.-.--_-___ 399 schiedeana _-_____________ 400 speciosa___.----- + 386 spuria -_--________ 399 tetraphylla ~~. = 388 xalapensis._-.._._-_-__-_ 399 Ingerto_.__________ 223, 227, 229, 231, 234 blanco _______ -a-- eee 231 de aguacate___________ 235 de encina_.-_-___-_ 230 Inguande_____-_-_-- 300 Injerto_--.2--- 227 Ipacina ---__- 264 Iquimite _--_-._--- 499 6 198 Tresine alternifolia _________ | aoe 256 augustifolia__.......___ = 258 arenaria__._.-- = 258 calea_.__---- ee 259 cassiniaeformis._.__.___________ 259 discolor ~-.--_-____.-___ 259 elatior _--__-_______________ 258 grandis __-__----____- 259 hartmanii ---_______-_____ 258 Iresine herrerae_.__-~--.---------- interrupta _------------------ latifolia _--_-._--_-------------- laga ~--.------------ ------- palmeri __------------------- pringlei _-____._--------------- rotundifolia____._-__----------- schaffneri_____--------------- stricta _._______------------- tomentella_____-___----------- Ironwood___--------------------- Iscanal blanco _------------------ Islfy __------------------------- Isomeris__________--------------- Itzamatl_______----_------------- Ixcapantl____-------------------- Ixj ____-_-______---------+--------- Iza ~---____ ee -- --- Izquixochitl._____---------------- Iztaccoanenepilli _-___-_----------- Jabilla _-__-__-_----------------- Jalamate____.------------------- Janacahuate ____-_--------------- Jarilla de la sierra __-_---~------- Jauja _.------------------------- Jazmincillo _____-_____----------- Jequirity seeds__----------------- Jeringuilla_____-------------~----- Jia manzanilla______------------- Jicaco_.___--__-_------------------ Jiguilete _.__-__------------------ Jinieuil _-_-.._____--------------- Jinicuile _.._.-._-__------------- Jiquelite____-_-------------------- Jiquilete __._____---------------- Jiquimite____-___----------------- Jonote ___1_-_-_----------------- Juan caliente_____-__------------- Juandiego_____-_---------------- Juc6____-_-------- Woe eee eee Japiter amarillo________---------- Jiirgensen___---_-_--------------- Kamachiles_______--------------- Kansickin--__---_--___-_--------- INDEX, XXI Page. Page. 258 | Koitum____--_______------------- 290 258 | Kook __-----__------------------ 173 259 | Koty6_______-----__------------- 289 259 | Krameria bicolor_______-------~--- 348 257 canescens____--_------------- 348 258 paucifolia__________------ 348 258 cinerea___.____-__----------- 347 258 collina _..------~------------ 348 258 cuspidata____._--------------- 347 258 eytisoides_________----------- 347 258 diffusa__._------------------ 347 258 ehrenbergii _._--_------_----- 347 258 family _--__----------------- 346 481 glandulosa_____ ~o------- Le 347 374 grayi ----------------------- 348 342 interior _.__-_--------------~- 348 301 palmeri --------------------- 347 212 parvifolia______-------------- 348 QT7 ramosissima___-_-_ ------- 347 838 pauciflora_____-__-_----------- 347 199 paucifolia ____.-------------- 848 342 prostrata_____-------_------- 347 267 ramosissima_____-_----------- 347 273 revoluta_________-_--_-------- 348 429 secundiflora_____--_----------- 347 469 | Krameriaceae_____--_------------- 346 393 | Kuitm -------------------------- 290 912 | Kuitm-keip _--___----------------- 290 212 | Laaguia__.___-------------------- 389 469 | Lac______--___---------------- 172, 480 495 | Lagrezia _-_____-__--------------- 256 413 | Laol__-__----------------------- 219 207 | Laportea ____---_---------------- 219 253 | Largoncillo _--------_------------ 378 511 | Lauraceae____.------------------ 286 310 | Laurel __-_---- 206, 286, 287, 288, 291, 292 810 blaneo___.------------------- 292 262 de bajo_--__---------------- 295 492 de chile_____-_-------------- 296 310 de India____------------~---- 206 237 de la sierra___--------- 287, 291, 292 345 family -_..------------------ 286 390 tulipfn_____---_-------_.----- 275 390 Laurel6n _____-_------------------ 292 440 Laurefio_____--_----------------- 410 398 Laurocerasus__----------------- 342, 343 399 Laurus longipes____-------------- 291 440 nobilis _...____-------------- 286 440 persea___-------------------- 290 reticulata_____--------------- 297 499 | Vead-tree_-_--------------------- 369 206 | Tepon____--_-------------------- 428 290 | Leche Marfa___------------------ 205 346 Lechuga de mar_---------~-------- 263 214 | Lecostemon_-__-------__---------- 344 199 | Lele ___--___-------------------- 385 369 | Lefia amarilla__..__-_------------- 272 428 nefritica______.-.------------ 444 428 Lengua de perico-__-_------------ 482 410 | Lennea____-___----_------_------ 479 181 | Lentisco______-._---------------- 327 393 | Leucaena brachycarpa__----------- 369 424 cuspidata____-_--__---------- 368 289 diversifolia _.___-_------------ 368 289 esculenta______-------------- 368 290 glabrata_____--_------------- 368 XXII INDEX, Page Page Leucaena glauca____._....-----___- 369 | Lonchocarpus unifoliolatus _._.____ 513 glauca ~---_-----_..--.-__--- 369 unifoliolatus ____-___-_--____ 513 greggii --.______________--___ 369 yucatanensis______-___________ 514 lanceolata ____---...---__.__- 868 | Loquat-____--_____-__---_________ 334 laxifolia__________....___--_- 369 | Loranthaceae___.__~_-__- 222 macrocarpa..____-..-__-_____ 367 | Loranthus americanus ____________ 235 macrophylla _-____.-..-----_- 367 auriculatus___~_-.-.-----______ 235 microcarpa —_-__--.-----_---- 368 calyculatus ~~~... 235 plurijuga ___-.----.---_------ 367 crassipes_—__ 233 pulverulenta _-_.._.._________ 369 densiflorus_____...________ _.- 2382 shannoni _________~-_______u- 368 deppeanus________.-_--_ 232 stenocarpa_____---__1__-__ Le 369 diversifolius__.____._. 233 trichandra___________________ 369 glaberrimus ___~------_-._.__- 231 trichodes ____________________ 368 grahami____-.---_--------___ 2338 ' Leucobalanus _________--_________ 172 hartwegi__._-._-.2-__ wee ee 233 Libidibi _.-._-_.____-___-___________ 423 inconspicuus__~_-...--_-_ 232 Licania _----_--_-___ 343 imormus———__-------__-~_-_-- 232 Licorice _-____________._____ 492 interruptus _.---_-____________ 234 wild______... 492 karwinskyanus— ~~~... 235 Liga --.--_-_--___-- ee 223, 231, 235 kerbert_———_-—---___--_.- ---- 285 Lignum nephriticum_______-______ 444 liebmanni_________-----__--_- 232 Lilac___--._.__-- 309 mewicanus_— 235 Limoncillo__-____-_________ 287, 285, 303 microphyllus____----_________ 2382 Linden, J. J------------_---_---- 245 palmert —-—_______-----_--_.- 234 Lindheimer, Ferdinand____________ 365 piperoides _______ an---------- 226 Lindheimera ____________-_______- 365 queroicola _____-___-_________ 238 Lindleya _.-.--___---_-___ 322 schiedeanus ~--.---___-______ 235 Lindleyella _.._-_-_-__-____________ 322 sonorde ——————_—--________-__. 234 Liquidambar___..-.______________ 317 spirostylis_______-.-.-______- 233 Lirio._.-....- 935 tehuacanensis________________ 234 Litsea__._..__.__.... 287 venetug ~~~ -- 233 Live oak__-_________......._-. 172 volubilis ~~ ~~ eee 233 Llora-sangre______ 300,508 | Lorito ~--_- naan ee ------ +--+ 317, 396 Loco __--- 475 | loro -__-- ~~ ~~. 396 Locust, black _.----.--_.--______- 475 | Lotus__--------_-_-----________- 475 Logwood________________________ 419 Lozanella ane 199 Lonchocarpus_______--__~_~_____ 476 Lucutema Fn en 410 affinis_..... 514 | Lysiloma_-__-______________ --.-. 888 caudatus____-_------- 514 vacant ~~ ~-------------- So oo cochleatus______--___________ 513 Maeallo @--~-------- == - ~~~ == 7, 08 comitensis__._________________ 514 Macano Sm _ constrictus____-_____.-_--_-- 514 Macayo TT 506 emarginatus————-------_----- 515 Macayxtli_..___ “oe 499 erlocarinalis_—-------------_- 515 Machaerium_______ ___ 509 eriophyllus__—_.-.---._------ 483 Maculi_.....-ssststsSsSsSCS 186 guatemalensis _______________ 514 | \radera negra. 488 hondurensis ~~ _-----_.______- 513 Madre brava ______________ ee 501 jaliscensis_._________________ 515 cacao________. ee 501 lanceolatus TTT me 513 chontal _---- = 501 littoralis__.--.__------________ 484 de cacao_........... 278, 482 longipedicellatus___.__._._______ 513 | Madriado _...._.. sisi, . 482 longistylus __-____--__----__- 513 | Madronillo _..._____._...___ 337 maculatus —__-_____.-_______ 482 Mage .---_----_ ee 281 megalanthus________ ~-------- 513 | Magnolia_______ oe 275 meXicanus——.—~_---.---__-_-- 513 family _--._______ woe 274 minimiflorus____-___.._-__--- 513 Magnoliaceae_________ 274 oaxacensis _________._--_-_--_ 514 | Mahogany, mountain _____________ 327 obovatus__--_-__-___-___-___- 515 | Mahonia andrieurii__-_-__ = 270 palmeri ~~~---_--_____________ 514 angustifolia ~~~ --n ee 272 parviflorus _-_._-.---.---_-___ 515 chochooo _. ee 270 phaseolifolius___.____.._______ 515 ehrenbergii_____________ | 269 purpusii --_-__-___--_-_-____ 514 eubtriphylla 9-9-5 272 robustus ~---________---_--_. 514 fascicularis_.-.----_-- 272 rugosus—_—-__--____---______ 515 fremomtit ~..-.--_-__._-________ 271 sericeus___________-___-______ 514 gracilis ~.~_____---- 272 INDEX. XXIII Page. Page. | Mahonia hartwegii_-_------------- 270 | Matitas __________-----_--------- 379 ilicina _____----------- a 270 | Mato amarillo -_-..--------------- 422 incerta ____-----_--_--.----- 272 azul ______-_---------------- 422 lanceolata __-.__-_-.----.----- 270 de playa___--------------- --.. 422 pallida_______--------------- 271 | Matorral _.____------------------ 382 pawvit _--________------------ 271 | Matos___-___--------_----------- 504 pinnata __---.--------------- 272 del monte ______-----__------ 504 cachira _..--__-_-------- 272 | Matzapotl ___-------------------- 283 schiedeana ______------------ 272 | Megarrhiza ____--.__-_----------- 501 subintegrifolia _-___________-- 272 | Meibomia amplifolia_____._-_-__-__-- 487 tenuifolia ---_--------------- 270 angustata____._-__---_-_------ 485 trifolia__._______------------ 272 chartacea_________--_-------- 487 trifoliolata __..._______-_---- 271 cinerea____--__------------_- 487 zimapana_____----------- ---. 271 conzattii___-__------------ --. 486 Majagilillo _-__--_---------------- 410 foliosa _..-_----------------- 486 Mal de ojo ______-------_-------- 235 ghiesbreghtii_____.----------- 487 hombre_-_------------------ 219, 221 jaliscana _.___-_------------- 486 Mala mujer__.__---___________- 219, 301 macrostachya —~--------------- 487 Malaceae_____-___-______--_----- 334 nitida___-------------------- 487 Malaspina expedition ____--_--___-__ 2338 orbicularis__----------------- 486 Malinche________________-____--_- 425 painteri ___------------------ 485 Malintzin-_______-_____---_------ 425 pallida ___----------------- -- 486 Malojo__________-_--_-_----.---- 235 plectocarpa —~----------------- 486 Malus___________________________ 334 plicata ___-__-------------- . 486 Malva prieta______--_-_---------- 454 psilophylla__----------------- 486 Mam6n_________---__-__-- uuu 284 purpusii_____---------------- 485 Manca montero-_--------- Woe 394 robinsonii ~~----------------- 486 Manca-caballo______________-____-_ 351 rubricaulis___---------------- 486 Mangle__-________-______4-_----- 451 | Melocotén _...__.----------------- 338 de la slerra______________-__-_ 304 | Membrillito _.__-_----------------- 337 Manila tamarind____-_____---_--- 393 | Membrillo ~---------------- ---- 334, 337 Manirote.._._______-_____----__- 282 cimarr6n ____-_-------------- 337 Manna__________ 172 Memiso -__---------------------- 199 Mano de le6n____________-_____- 254, 300 | Menispermaceae ------------------ 273 Mantecoso__________.--_-_--_-_-- 429 | Menispermum -------------------- 274 Manzana_____________________-__ 334 Menispine won eee ee = = = 274 de playa_____-_------_------- 305 | Mertensia laevigata ___-__-_--------- 200 Manzanilla_----__------_--.---_- 191, 237 Mesonzapote moannnnnnnmmemme dnc nn a Manzanita tejocotera__------------ 336 ela me 1 73 Manzanitas de encina____--------- ‘471 pense ‘ Manzano ________________-____- 244, 334 Mezquicopal a 351 Maquilihuatl....______-_--------- 188 Mezquitamales ~_-_--------------- 352 Marah __.._..........._..______- 501 | Mezauitatole -~------------------- 352 Marango_____________----------- 306 Mezquite _---_----------------- 351, 353 amarillo______--------------- 351 Maravilla ___-------------------- 2598 morefia__._..._.-_._--__-_ 424 blanco -_-_------------------ 351 chino _____ ------------------ 351 Marenque ------~----------------- 306 colorado______--------------- 351 Marina__------------------------ 425 extranjero ___---------------- 428 Maripenda______--~---~---~------- 317 | Moezquitillo _------------------- 348, 404 Mariposa—-—- ------------~------- 505 | Micheli, Mare -------------------- 363 Maromero -_-------~-~----~-------- 236 Microlobium _._-_.--------------- 441 Martinica -~.~------------------- 404 | willspaughia__..-----------+----- 248 Masaquila ______----------------- 199 | Mimbre _____-__-------__--_------ 382 Maseco---~---------------------- 214 | Mimosa acanthocarpa ._----------- 366 Masicar6n___~~-----------------~- 515 desmanthocarpa —~-_~----- 366 Mata-caballos________------------ 2TT acapulcensis _.---_----------- 361 Mata-chande_______-------------- 301 aculeaticarpa _...__-_---------- 366 Matacuy__.---------------------- 282 adenantheroides_____--__----- 360 Matagallina_________-_----------- 442 albida________---__-_---_____- 360 Mata-negro -_--~~---------------- 346 euryphylla__—._.--------- 360 Matanene del mar_____----------- 241 floribunda ____-_--------- 360 Matapalo_.___-_ ~------- 205, 209, 212, 213 angustissima________--- oe 381 liso..____------+------------ 209 arborea ___________-____--_ 395 Matapez________----------------- 511 arcuata _____---------------- 366 Mata-rat6én ____-__-_---_------_-- 482 argillotropha__--_----~------- 363 55268—-22-——24 XXIV Mimosa asperata _______.________- benthami_____________-_--___ biuncifera _.___._._--_________ lindheimeri_..-_-______-- brandegei________-__________-_ buceragenia_________--____-_- cabrera ~~~ caerulea___-_---_-_-__ calcicola-_______---__-___-_ camporum_____---___ coelocarpa_____-_____.-----_- colimensis—~~_________________ cornigera deamii ~----_-__~-~--_ depauperata __-__________ ee distachya divaricata ___---____-_______- dormiens—__-~_~__--__ emoryana______~_ ~~ ervendbergii _-._.-___________ esculenta__-____--__ eurycarpa ---~-~_---_ curycarpoides _.._--_-_ family -----___-_~_- fasciculata_____-_____________ malacocarpa _-___________ filicioides___-- geminata __-_________________ glauca ~~ we-et ee goldmanii____________________ guatemalensis________________ hemiendyta__________________ herincquiana______-_____-___ houstoni___- = hystricosa ---_--_____________ invisa___-___________________ zygophylloides____________ lemmoni_____________________ lutea_ ---- malacophylla_____-____ INDEX, Mimosa manzanilloana..__________ micheliana______--_-_-_-_______ -- minutifolia _..-__.-___________ mixtecana______-~-___________ palmeri —--_-_---_-- paucifoliolata________-_______ polyanthoides________________ polystachia _...--_-_._________ portoricensig__...-.. = pringlei _-----.______________ prolifica__._---_--.- ~~~ pseudo-echinus_____ ~--------- psilocarpa___-__-_____________ puberula_____-___-_ pudica ~~~ rotundata___-______-- — sicyocarpa_______-____________ somnians._____-_--_-________ spirocarpa__-____________ stipitata _------ 5 5 ee tenuiflora_______..-.-________ tortuosa_.-__--_-_~ tricephala _--___-- unguis-cati_....------_-_ villosa ~~ ee xanti ---- zygophylla____-______________ Mimosaceae__._______ Mirabilis _-.-..-_____-____________ Mirto --__-_________-_ family _--_--___-__-__ Mochigiiiste. Mock orange__-__~-___-____________ Moco de giiegiieche _______________ Mocuteno___________ ee Monimia family _-_-_______________ Monimiaceae_______ Monkey-apple —.---______--_-_-_____- Montenegrito Moonseed______-_____-_--________ family ---~------- __ ee Moquilea _-__--_~--_---_--_- INDEX, Page. Mora ___------------------- 203, 204, 331 blanea _______-__------------ 203 de loma __------------------- 203 de piedra_____--------------- 203 hedionda _._----------------- 410 macho _____----------------- 203 Moraceae___--------------------- 202 Moradilla_______---..------------- 203 Moral____----------------- 203, 204, 206 amarillo_____-__-_------------- 203 blanco --__------------------ 203 de clavo____----------------- 203 del pafs______--------------- 203 liso________----------------- 203 negro ----------------------- 203 Moralén____--------------------- 245 Morera__------------------------ 204 Morin___------------— ---------- 203 Morindon__----.1----------------- 203 Moringa_------------------------ 306 Moringaceae ----._--------------- 306 Morisonia americana___----------- 302 fleruosa____----------------- 303 Moritannic acid__--__------------ 203 Morning-glory ~------------------ 215 Moruro __----------------------- 396 de costa___--------------- 388, 390 prieto____--_---------------- 396 Morus alba_--------------------- 203 celtidifolia _____------------- 204 mewvicana___---~------------- 204 microphilyra_-—-—-------------- 204 microphylla __--------------- 204 mollis _.-------------------- 204 nigra _-__------------------- 203 rubra_____-_---------------- 2038 tartarica _.____-------------- 204 tinctoria ~------------------ 202 Mosqueta —~---------------------- 310 Mosquitero _-_------------------- 259 Mostaza _-___-__--_------------- 303 Mountain mahogany ------------- 327 plum ~-------~--------------- 237 Muchite____--------------------- 393 Mucuna____--_------------------ 503 Muellera __--_------------------- 515 Muelo ____-_-------------------- 276 Muérdago____------------------ 223, 235 Muhlenbeckia__--__-------------- 243 Mulberry_----------------------- 203 family __-------------------- 202 Muifiecos ____------------+-------- 207 Murciélago ___---_--------------- 278 Myriocarpa__-------------------- 221 Myristica ___-------------------- 284 Myristicaceae ___----------------- 284 Myrogwylon ___--_---------------- 433 Nabf _-__--__----------------- 317, 434 Nacapuli_____----------------- 209, 212 Nacascol ____-------------------- 422 Nacascolote ____----------------- 422 Nacascolotl_____----------------- 422 Nacaseul__-------------------- 422, 423 Nacasolo ____-------------------- 422 Nacaxtle_______---_-------------- 391 Nacazle_______--_---------------- 391 XXV Page. Nagelia _-.---------------------- 337 Nahuapate ______--__-----~------- 403 Narango __--_------------------- 306 Naranjillo _...--__-------- 303, 304, 433 Naranjo chino____-_------------- 202 Naranjuelo ...__----------------- 303 Navio__._--__------------------- 428 Nazareno _____----------------- - 214 Ndezf _.-_-______--_------------- 173 Nectandra___-____--------------- 296 Nectandrine _.-____----__-------- 296 Née, Luis_______-__-------------- 260 Neea ~_--------_---------------- 260 Negritos __._.--___-------------- 497 Neodeutzia _.--__~-.- ~ ue eee 309 Neomillspaughia ________--------- 246 Neptunia________--_-_----------- 353 Nere____----.-_----------------- 413 Nesco_____--__-_---------------- 483 Nettle family _-__-_-__------------ 218 Neurocarpum .------------------- 493 Nicker-nut ~.___-__-------------- 422 Nispero -_----------------------- 335 Nissolia______------- ~o-- ee 487 Nothaphoebe__-__-_---------------- 288 Nutmeg family _------------------ 284 O ______-_---__ ~~ +--+ ---+- 290 Qak _~____----------------------- 171 black _--_______------------+-+ 172 cork ~------~_..-------------- 172 live -._._-.----------------- 172 white __-________-_------------ 172 Obione ____-----~--------------- 251, 252 Ocotea angustata ___-------------- 294 eernua —___-_-_-_------------- 295 effusa_____------------~----- 296 globosa _____-_-------------- 297 klotzschiana ________---------- 296 mollig_____------------------ 297 perseifolia__.._._-_---------~---- 296 pichurim _.------------------ 298 psychotrioides ___------------ 293 puberula__-------------.------ 295 rubriflora _._-_---------------- 296 salicifolia _...--------------- 297 subtriplinervia _.------------- 294 tampicensis_____--_---------- 294 veraguensis______------------ 295 QOcotzot] _._.--_----------------- 817 Ocozol __._---------------------- 317 Ocozote __-__-----_-_------------- 317 Ocozot]l _.__--------------------- 317 Odonia ____-__----------------- 502, 503 Odostemon andrieuxii ---.--------- 270 angustifolius __--_---_-------- 272 aquifolium __---------------- 268 chochoco __------------------ 270 dictyotus_________----------- 273 ehrenbergii_____------------- 269 eutriphyllus _____--_--------- 272 fascicularis_—___-_------------ 272 fremontii _.-___------------- 271 gracilis_____.__--------------- 272 haematocarpus —~_------------- 271 hartwegii_____-_-------------- 270 ilicinus____--- --------------- 270 XXVI INDEX, Page. Page. Odostemon incertus__---_-.--.---- 272 | Paltuat]___-__----_..__- ee 290 lanceolatus __..____-----.---- 270 | Palito -------_ ee 241 longipes ___--.-.-_------------ 270 colorado ~__-___-__________ __ 413 pallidus ___---___-___-------- 271 | Palmilla —-~~~-____-__________ 300 paxii-______----------__----- 271 | Palo alejo _--_-__--______-_______e 424 quinquefolius _.___.-_.-__---- 270: amargo —~_-______________- 300 tenuifolius_______--_.--_____- 270 amarillo _-________ 203, 270, 271, 272, trifoliolatus______..-_--- ----- 271 300, 325, 479 trifolius_______..--_-----_--_- 272 blanco _____-______-_ 201, 376, 389, 511 wileoxii ~~~ _---- ee 273 bobo__-_ 4a Vee 281 zimapanus___-_______-_-____- 271 Campeche _____-________ a. eee 423 Oj-__- aoe eee 290 chilamata ____-_______________ 210 Ojite_______-- eee 214 chino _____--- ee 3897 Ojitos de picho___---_____________ 498 colorado —~~__-_--_____- 184, 296, 424 Ojo de borrico_________-____--____ 504 cuate_____- ~-a-- eee eee 444 de buey___---~_____-__---____ 504 de Aguila____-_______________ 201 de cangrejo __________--______ 497 de arco ~~ --_-_~__ 378, 442 de chanata_---_____-.________ 498 de arco negro _-___ ee 442 de rat6n____-___-_--_.-____ 265 de bfilsamo __________________ 434 de venado______-______-__ ee 504 de berria ~~~. 429 de zanate ___----_____--______ 497 de brasil _-_-_-______________ 419 Ojoche -_---__.- eet eea214 de burro _~_-_-____--_________ 303 Olacaceae____ 236 de burro prieto_________ wo 304 Olax family _-____--..-____--______ 236 de cabra ~~~~-_~_______ 199 Olcagiiite._.._-_--_-__________ 215 de Campeche_______________ 418, 419 Olcuahuit]_____-_- ~~~ eee 215 de carnero_____-__--_-- 246 Olive, wild_-__--________-_-__ 237 de chile ~~~. 276 Olivo ---- 2 304 de chilillo _----__-_--________ 346 Ollie. ~~~ ee 215 de chivo_____________________ 410 Ollin-__--- ~~ 215 de coco______-------__-______ 212 Olmo —~__-_--___--- ee 198 de corcho_________ ~~ _-_ 281 Olmeya __~__ ~~~ eee 481 de cucharitas __-__-~-________- 373 On___- 290 de fraile___-_-_ --_- 3438 Op__-_------~ ~~~ ee 284 de guaco __~ ~~~ . 805 Opilia family___--_-_-__-___________ 235 de hierro___~-~.-__-__-__-___ 351, 481 Opiliaceae __-______ 235 de hoz _-.---- 509 Opoponax_____-__ §- ee 379 de Judas _____-_~_ 300 Oreganillo _---______~__ 317 de mora________-______-______ 203 Oregon grape_______-.---_-__-______ 268 de oro ---_--~---- 515 Oreja de judfo_____-~__________ | 391 de pan cimarr6n________ 300 de rat6én__ 273 de pan pollo._______________ _ 508 Oreja de judfo___.-_______________ 391 de pan pua-___-___-_-______- 429 Oreobatus _._._________ 333 de pan pulque___-____________ 381 Oreodaphne___________-____ 294, 295, 296 de pan rayo____--__________- 428 Ormocarpum ___----_ 429 de pan sal__—______-___.____ 213 Ormosia____-___-_--_ =e 436 de pan teffir________-________ 272 Orpine family _-_-____________ 307 de pan tinta______________ 418, 419 Ortiga__--- sk) de pan zorrilo-_----________ 222, 410 brava ________ oe 219 del diablo---________________ 300 colorada _----_-.-__ 219 del golpe-._._____-__-_______ 236 de caballo______-___- 219 del zopilote _--___-__________ 298 Oryctanthus__----- __ 231 dulce--_------------------ 443, 444 Osage orange __._-_ == 202 blanco ~__--___--_-___-_- 444 Otom{ Indians __-__-_____.. 206 duro_—--_____---_____. 188, 201, 327 Ovilla _.----- 405 escopeta ______________-_____ 390 Ox... oo 14 fernambuco____-_-____________ 422 Oxitl_-- ssSs—stsS:~*« fierro___.-________ 238, 390, 396, 481 Oxotzin___---_- 214 gato--—--_~-------- .--___--- 397 hediondo_______~2 = et 298, 410 Oxyacanthine —__-________- 268 Hierro... 482 Pa kshmuk ~__-___~-____-_ 341 jarilla ee 272 Pabell6n del rey__-_--__-__._____ 256, 265 jeringa__.. 306 Pacay —~--------~---..------ ~~ 506 liso.-------- 376 Padus —-—- ~~~ ~~ 340 mantecoso__________ oe 429 Pagua ~_~----~------ ee 290 Marfa_________-_ 210 Pahsh ____.------ . 338 matagallina--________________ 442 INDEX. Page. Palo misanteco_____-__----------- 292 mora ______----------------- 203 moral ________---_-_--~--~-- 203, 204 mulato _____-------------- 201, 249 negro _____------------------ 423 pieante __-_---_-_----------- 276 piojo -______---------------- 483 prieto__-____---------------- 323 San Juan_____---------~----- 306 santo ____________--_-------- 479 verde____-__---------- 323, 428, 429 Palta____--__.---------------- 290, 291 Pambotano______-_--_---------- 385, 386 bark. ____------------------ 386 Pan cimarr6n_____-_--_----.----- 301 y agua__--__-- Woe eee 303 Pandotano_________-_--__--------- 386 Panelo________--------~---------- 382 Papalocuahuite ________----~----- 414 Papalote __-____----------------- 198 Papaturro_________-------------- 244 Papaver___-__------------------- 300 Papaveraceae_______--_---------- 299 Paper ---.-------------------- 206, 215 Parafso blanco ___-~-------------- 306 de Espafia____-__-_------- — 306 extranjero_____---_----_------ 306 francés ______---_----------- 306 Pareira brava __---_-------------- 273 Parkinsonia____________--_------- 428 Parocata __---_----_------------- 408 Parosela abietifolia _._.__--------- 462 acutifolia__._________-__------ 460 anthonyi ___-----------.------ 453 arenaria____________---~-_---- 462 argyrea _________-----~------ 463 argyrostachya______---------- 456 arizonica __-___--__-_--------- 460 atrocyanea_________--__----+-- 457 benthami________-----~--.~--- 460 berlandieri______--_----------- 451 botterii_____ _____--__-------- 456 brandegei_______-------~------ 458 ealycosa__-_-------- --------- 451 campylostachya____----------~- 453 ecanescens_____ ---__---------- 464 capitata____-___-__---------- 460 capitulata --_-_-------------- 455 caudata _________--_-_------- 456 conzattii _.--_-__------------ 464 erassifolia__--_-_-----_------- 457 crenulata______--_----—------ 454 decora _____--------_-------- 465 dentata __.____-__----__----- 462 diffusa ___-=-__----------~--- 454 dispansa___.----------~------- 454 divaricata _____--_----------- 453 diversicolor_______-_-- .------- 456 domingensis___-------..~----- 455 dorycnoides___._.~----~------- 464 elongata__-----------~----- _- 454 emoryi ~__-----.------------- 461 eriophylla ____--------------- 458 eysenhardtioides.___-- ee eee 461 filiciformis______.------------ 450 formosa ____------- ~ ae - eee 457 Parosela frutescens_-------.------ fulvosSericea____ _------------- fuscescens gigantea__-__-___------------- glabrescens__- —----_----------- goldmani gracillima ___._.__------------- hospes __-------------------- humilis________--_----------- involuta______--_------------- jumeea _____-__-------------- lasiostachya lasiostoma_______------------ Jeucantha _____-------------- leucosericea_____------------- leucostachys __--------------- loydii longifolia___--.-------------- lumholtzii ..._--------------- lutea macrostachya maritima ________--------~-~--- megacarpa___---------------- megalostachys ~-------------- melantha _.___--------------- minutifolia oaxacana_______-__---------- occidentalis__..----_----------- pectinata____--_-------------- pilosissima platyphylla ________---------- plumosa____----------------- polycephala_____------------- procumbens_-__--~------------ psoraleoides ____------------- puberula pulchella __------------------ purpusi quinqueflora radicans_______--.-----+------ ramosissima schaffneri______-------------- schottii puberula scoparia__-__-_-------------- seemanni_____ oe eee sericocalyx ~____------------- sessilis.____-.-_--__---- eee ne smithii____.____--_------------ spinosa - XXVIII Page. Parosela submontana______________ 454 tehuacana _____-__-__________ 455 thyrsiflora _____-__-___________ 455 tinctoria ~_-________________~_ 462 tomentosa __________--_______ 462 trochilina _-.-_~-- 463 tsugoides _______________ 459 tubereculata ~---_-__________ Le 463 tuberculina _.~_______________ 464 variegata__-___--__________ 453 versicolor______--_________ 459 viridiflora _-_________________ 453 wardii ~--_-_-_______-____ ee 456 wislizeni _.-_________________ 459 zimapanica______--___________ 455 Parota __-------_______-_ 391 Parotillo _---.-.---___ ee 397 Parra rosa___-_______.-.-_ 350 Parrot-flower_____________ 234 Parthenium argentatum_._________ 323 Pata de cabra _-___-______-_ 418 de res__--_-- 418 de vaca ---- 412, 418 de venado ___________________ 418 le6n ~~~ 427 Pata-vaca ~~_________ 418 Pate_____-____ Le 256 Paterno _--__________________--__ 399 Patito _-______-_________________ 495 Patitos_____-__________oo ee 505 Patli-_- --______-~- ee 219 Pato de chivo____________________ 418 de venado __--_______________ 416 Patol ---_-----_- ee 498, 500 colorfn ew 5OL Patotli___._---- 498 Pauletia_.._-_-.-__ ~~ 415, 416 Pay-ché_____-_____-___-__________ 264 Peach____--_--- eee 338 Peacock-flower _..-...-___________ 427 Pear__---~- ~~ eee 334 Pegapega____-___-_____ 400 Peinecillo_______-_-. =. ee 173 Pelé ~~-~------_-~-~- ee 379 Pelotas__-____-_-______-____ 425 Péndola _..-----_-__ 507 Peonfa_____________--___ 492, 497, 499 Pepe nance__~_________~__ 237 Peral __--____-_ eee 334 Silvestre_____________________ 336 Peraltea___-__ nee ene Le 468 Perlas del Oriente_______~ ~~ 306 Peronfa __-_-_________ 492 Peronfas_________- 498 Peronilas____-___________________ 492 Peronilla ~------_--_ 492, 498 Persea americana_________________ 290 drymifolia_________-_____ 291 amplewicaulis _..-.._._.._.______ 293 chamissonis__________________ 292 cinerascens_____-_ > 289 drymifolia__.____-______ 291 effusa_i- ee 295 floccosa_____-__-_______ 290 gratissima____--__-_ 290 schiedeana_______________ 289 Persea hartwegii —-_.-.__-__.___ leiogyna________ ~ een ene aaa liebmanni___--___-___________ longipes___.--_________._____ meicana____— = salicifolia _--________________ schiedeana__________--______- veraguensis__________________ Petiveria____.__-_ --_-_- wean Pharmacosycea_______-_--_-_-____ Phaseolus __--_ -~______________ Philadelphus________-_-_-_-_-- — Phoebe amplexicaulis__._.__________ barbeyana___________________ benthamiana_________-________ ehrenbergii _--_-______________ galeottiana_____________ pachypoda___________________ pallescens _.-________________ psychotrioides________________ salicifolia__._..._....-________ subtriplinervia__.____________ tampicensis___--_--_-_- Phoradendron amplifolium_________ aureum __-_----___-___ brachyphyllum_____-_-_-________ brachystachyum______________ brevifolium_____________ ealyculatum__________________ capitellatum —______________ - carneum_____________________ coryae __-~~__-_---~_______ densum ~~ ~-~_-__ diguetii _--__________________ eduardi __---_-________________ engelmanni__________________ falcatum___-____-___--_______ flavenscens macrophyllum _____ forestierae __-_.-_-_-____~________ galeottii gaumeri____~_-_____________ globuliferum__—*-_-_____________ greggii______________________ INDEX. XXIX Page. Page. Phoradendron guadalupense_------- 229 | Pima Indians-_.----------------- 228 guazumae __---~------------- 227 | Pimpfn___----------------------- 265 juniperinum __-~------------- 228 | Pinacate ______------------------ 409 libocedri____-------------- 228 | Pinahuihuixtle-+-_--------------- 362 Janatum_____---------------- 229 | Pinole _-___---------------------- 252 lanceolatum ~.--------------- 227 | Pifién amoroso ------------------- 482 libocedri _.-..--------------- 228 florido _-.-.----------------- 482 ligatum ~_------------------- 228 | Pinta-pinta _--------------------- 265 longifolium ~----------------- 929 | Pinzan_____--------------------- 393 macrophyllum ~..------------ 231 | Pinzguarimbo -_-_----------------- 355 mazatlanum —---------------- 230 | Pfo--_--.----------------------- 345 minutifolium ~--------------- 228 | Pionias _._.--------------------- 492 nervosum _------------------- 227 | Pipilzintli _-_-__------------------ 498 oliverianum ~---------------- 226 | Piptadenia constricta _-.-.-------- 354 pachyarthron —--------------- 227 flaya______------------------ 354 palmeri _-----------.--------- 230 foetida___--_-----------~------- 354 pauciflorum____-------------- 229 leptocarpa-__--~------------- 354 peninsulare__---------------- 230 pateng __----_--------+------- 349 piperoides __----------------- 226 platycarpa___---------------- 354 pringlei _.------------------- 228 | Piscidia __.-__-__------------------ 511 puberulum ~---------------~-- 230 | Piscidin-_____------------------- 511 purpusi _-------------------- 227 | Piso, Willem___------------------ 260 reichenbachianum _----------- 227 | Pisonia ___---------------------- 260 robinsoni___----------------- 230 | Pisoniella __.__------------------- 261 saccatum__—------------------ 230 | Pithecollobium acatlense-------- --- 895 saltillense__----------------- 229 albicans__.---- -- 397 seaberrimum_--_-------------- 229 arboreum___-.--------------- 395 schumanni —~----------------- 227 brevifolium__---------------- 397 tamaulipense _.-------------- 226 calostachys_----------------- 893 tequilense ___---------------- 228 cognatum___----------------- 394 thyrsoideum ~_--~------------ 231 compactum__-_-------------- 395 tlacolulense __--------------- 230 confine____------------------ 396 tomentosum___--------------- 230 dulce ----------------------- 393 townsendi._----------------- 226 elastichophyllum __-------~---- 395 tumidum __----- qe----------- 230 filicifolium ~----------------- 395 velutinum __-.--------------- 229 flexicaule_____--------------- 396 vernicosum _.---------------- 226 furcatum____---------------- 894 pillosum —------------------- 230 guadalupense __.------------- 395 wawrae _..------------------ 226 lanceolatum —~--------------- 393 wilkinsoni —------------------- 230 leiocalyx__._---------------- 395 yucatanum_-__---------------- 226 leptophyllum __-------------- 396 Photinia arbutifolia__------------- 337 ligustrinum___--------------- 393 mexicana -------------------- 336 macrosiphon__-----+--------- 393 salicifolia__------------------ 337 mexicanum-_----------------- 397 Phrygilanthus_------------------- 234 multiflorum __--------------- 391 Phyllonoma-_-_-------------------- 313 palmeri ___------------------ 396 Phytolacca_---~------------------- 263 purpusit _------------------- 395 Phytolaccaceae ------------------- 263 reyolutum___---------------- 395 Picamano-_---------------------- 273 schaffneri ___---------*------ 396 Pica-pica _----------------------- 504 sonorae ___-____------------- 397 Pich ____-__--------------------- 388 tomentosum ____------------- 396 Piche _______-------------------- 391 tortum______---------------- 396 Pichejumo —~---------------------- 393 unguis-cati -___-------------- 394 Pichoco _------------------------ 499 | Pito__.__-___------------------ 500, 501 Pico de flamingo------------------ 476 | Pitos _------------------------ z 498 de pijaro ___-_--------------- 404 | Plane-tree ~--------------------- 319 Pictetia __-_--------------------- 489 family_____-__--------------- 319 Pié de cabra__------------------ A1T, 418 Planta quebradora___--~----------- _ Platanaceae___-_------------------ 319 de paloma__------------------ 259 | ‘biatanus.__._._----_------------ 319 de venado—--------------=-~-- 418 Platymiscium__--~--------~------- 510 Piesito de paloma ~-_---~------------ 297 Plum_____------------------ __ 888, 339 Pigeon-pea___-------------------- 503 hog -_---------------------- 237 Pigeon-plum ~---~----------------- 345 mountain_______------------- 237 Pigeon-wood ~------------ ~------- 244 | Plumita___._-_------------------ 383 Pil6n _.__----------- ------ _.... §06 | Podopterus__-------------------- 246 XXX INDEX. Page. Page, Poeppigia _------_- 412 | Prunus institia_.__...-_____.. 338 Poinciana californica______________ 426 integrifolia _---______________ 341 conzattii__.._-___-____-________ 426 laurifolia-_________ ~-------- 343 coriaria@__-_----- 422 lyoni---_-_-_ 341 melanadenia_________-_-_ 425 mexicana_______ ----- 339 mewicana _----_-- 426 nticrophyila —/---_______ 340 palmeri_______ wee Le 426 minutiflora _.---- 340 pannosa__—_- 425 persica_.-___--__-2_ 338 placida__________--_____ 425 prionophylla __-_.-_-_______ 342 pulcherrima ~~~ 424 rhamnoides____-________. | 342 regia__----- 427 salicifolia__-_--._-__-__ 340 royal_--__ 427 acutifolia ~~ 340 sessilifiora 424 samydoides _--_____- 342 Poison bay ~----___-_--__ 277 schiedeana __--- ee 343 Pokeweed family _-.-_____________ 263 serotina__- 341 Polvox ----~---2 282 tetradenia______-_-___________ 342 Polygonaceae_________-_-__ 241 tuberculata__--_-_-_______ 342 Polygonum grandifilorum___________ 247 virens__.__________ ~--- ee 340 quadrangulatum____ = 243 virginiana___________________ 343 tamnifolium_______-___--_-____ 243 | Psuedolmedia___.__________._ 214 uvifera_----___--_ 244 | Psittacanthus.._______--_ 234 Pomaria —------ == 420 | Psoralea humilis... = 455 Pond-apple ~-_-____-______ 282 lutea. 456 Pofiil ---_________ --------- ------ 325 nutans 2 454 Poppy---- ~~. ----_-- ee 300 seandens____- == 454 family ~---------___-_-___ Le 299 stipularis —§2 443 Poralana -___----__-___ 396 tomentosa____________ 462 Porcelia————--—--—-__-___________ 279 | Psorobatus benthami__---- 460 Portulaca family -.---__-______ | 265, megacarpus_____.._ 460 Portulacaceae- _—------_-_--___- 265 Psorodendron puberulum _________ 452 Possira —________--__ 433. . ‘ schottii_-..----- ee 451 Potosina___---- 386 . 51 Pouzolaia.._.... 220 spinosum———_ 45 Pox..------- 283 Psorothamnus arenarius_________ 462 Pringamosa______________ 219 dentatus TTS ES SS mm 462 Pringamoza__-________ 219 emoryt ee em 461 Prisco__.---------- 3388 JUNCUS — ~~ —— ie 462 Prosopis articulata____-______ 353 SCopartus— ———————___ 461 cinerascens___--.- 850 tinetorius_—~--_--_ 462 glandulosa___---_---__- 353 | E'terocarpus acapulcensis__________ 508 heterophylla____.____. | 376 amphymenium — ~~~ 508 juliflora______.. ae 4 851 aphyllus ~~~ 508 glandulosa_______________ 353 ateleia___. 433 velutina_---- == 853 draco-------_------_______- 508 microphylla_____-_-______ 379 lunatus———_--____-___-_- 509 odorata__----- 353 officinalis_..-___-___-___ 508 palmeri____-_ | o-oo 851 orbiculatus__--____________ 508 pubescens _-__-_-- == 350 pubescens —----- 508 velutina. ~~~ = 353 | Pterostegia_._.______________ 243 Proteaceae ____---- 229 Pterostemon____-- 312 Protopine ~_~_-_-_-_-___ 304 family_—---- ~~ 312 Prunus apodantha _____________ | 340 | Pterostemonacene __._-__ 312 armeniaca ~~-_______._____ 338 | Pulguitas -.-.----- 497 brachybotrya__-________. | 343 | Purenchequa__..--_.- 499 eapuli_ee--- 3840 | Purensapichu _________.._ 498 cerasus_—-----~___-_ 3838 | Pureque--._____________ -------- 499 communis____-_-_ ~~ =e 838 | Pyrus_-_---_._-_---) 384 cortapico____________________ 842 | Quamochitl________________ 393, 394, 419 demissa _-_--____-___ 343 Quauhayohuachtli___. 405 domestica___-______ - 338 | Quauhmochitl._----.- 393 erythroxylon_____________ 342 | Quauhpinoli_-..------) 413 fasciculata_________________ 340 Quauhtzapotl__.__. 283, 284 ferruginea____-_________ 343 | Quauhtzictli_------ = 235 fremontii___________________ 340 | Quauhuayo___---- ee 405 icifolia_--__--__- 342 | Quaubzitli---_-________ ~--------- 235 integrifolia _..-___.______ 841 | Quebracho___._--- = 396 Quechol aguacate Quecupatli ---_------------------ Quediondillo-__-- Quelite___------ Quemador —----- Quercus Aculcingensis------------- acuminata__ acutifolia__—-_ ambigua_-_-__ annulata __- aristata__-—_- arizonica__-— barbinervis — -—-—--—-— == --—----- bonplandiana —.-------------- brandegei ~~ breviloba__-~ calophylla ~~ candicans __-__-------------- castanea —_- glabrata integra_ meaican chiapensis —_ @_------~--------- chicamolensis ______---------- chinantlensis ____------------ chrysolepis p chrysophylla cireinata __~- confertifolia cordata____- cortesii ___-- crassifolia —_ crassipes __— almeri ----------- angustifolia___--_-_-_------ cyclobalanoides__-_—-_ Woe nee eee decipiens ___ depressa —__~ devia ___---- dumosa __~-~ tubinella dunnii __-_~- durifolia —__ dysophylla — eduardi —--- emoryi —___- fulva ____-~- furfuracea_-_ fusiformis __ galeottil____ germana___-_ ghiesbreghtii glabrescens _ integrifolia glaucescens_ glaucoides __ glaucophylla | | | | | | grandis —-- grisea____- hypoleuca — * idonea _--- insignis ___ intermedia_ lanceolata — lancifolia_-_— lanigera_—- laurina__—— barbinervis _-_------------ laxa ------ linguaefolia lutea —---- lutescens _~ macrophylla __--------------- magnoliaefolia __------------- macrop mucronata_ hylla -..---------- nectandraefolia ___----------- oajacana —_ oblongifolia obtusata ~~ hartwe gi ---------------- pandurata_____---------- obtusifolia breviloba ___------- orizabae-__- palmeri __- pandurata_—_—--------------- hartwegi —_--------------- pedunculari §.—_----~----------- perseaefolia _____------------ petiolaris __ pinalensis — polymorpha XXXII INDEX. Page Page Quercus pringlei-._.___________-___ 186 | Quitlacotli___._...-.._____________ 298 pubinervis________ ----------- 192 | Quizarrf amarilla________._______ 294 pulchella__________-__-__---- 190 hedionda ~_-______________-__ 297 pungens__________ u-------- 172,186 | Rabo de iguana____________ 364, 377, 381 repanda__________-__________ 185 de lagarto.._______________ Le 381 resinosa________-..---_______ 182 de mico___-_-_______________ 302 reticulata _--_-______________ 184 | Rafz de cuculillo.________________ 347 crassifolia_...00- 185 | Ramie_______________ ---- ne _.. 220 greggvi__-__---- 185 | Ramirezella_.__...._...._.._____ 492 lava ~~~ we 183 | Ram6n___________-____ 205, 214, 327 rugosa -_-------__-_-__ 184 de caballos _.-__._--__________ 205 rugulosa _._-__________ 195 de Castilla _--_---__--________ 205 rysophylla_._-_--.-__--__--___ 191 | tamoncillo__----___-___ 205 salicifolia _.._.-_..__________ 192 | Ramoon ------~--____-_---_____- 205 oajacana _.--.--_ 192 | Ranunculaceae _-___._____________ 266 tlapuvahuensig___________ 193 | Rasga-rasga___-________-__--_____ 382 sartoril_...__._.... 196 | Raspa-huevos -_-_______.____-_____ 364 scytophylla__________________ 189 Raspberry ~-_-~---_---__----___ 328, 331 serra _...................... 196 | Raspilla-__.----------___________ 364 sideroxyla_____-__--_________ 194 | Rat6én____-~------____----___---- 454 skinneri__...._______________ 196 | Razoumofskya____-__--__--_--_-__ 223 sororia______________________ 181 | Red haw ~-------_______________- 335 spicata___.-_________________ 184 mulberry ---__---------_-____ 203 spinulosa eee ee 190 raspberry Sale ieaienlentesiesieseiesieseteientedtentetodteated 331 splendens__-__-_______________ 191 | Resina de cuapinole ______________ 413 standleyi_.---.........._ 181 | Retama __.-___ 407, 408, 409, 428, 429, 479 stipularis___._________-____ a 190 de cerda__--_-__-------.~-..- 428 strombocarpa __-_____________ 178 de cerro-------~--_-__-----_- 479 tlapuxahuensis_______________ 193 prieta._----_--_----__.--.--. 408 tomentella eee ee 1gg | Retamilla_._________-_--________ 272, 426 tomentosa __________________ 183 | Retamo--_.___________-________ 407, 408 diversifolia__._-___________ 185 | Revienta cabra_________-__.______ 236 totutlensis_......_...________ 192 Rhamnus granjenos _-.-_____.--_-___ 201 toumeyi____............ 187 iguanaeus______-----__.____ 200 tridens_....... 195 micranthus -.-.---_--___-_____ 199 tuberculata___.___.._._____ | 180 Rhatany roots _-_-.-___--______- 346 turbinella_._.... 187 Rhus cotinus Fe 203 undulata pungens____________ 186 | Rhynchosia australis_____________- 497 uruapensis___________________ 191 Vieeoton TE toy iseolor ~~~ OU nnn nnn tes erythrinoides_..--_______ 497 virel jan: TO ee grandiflora _---__--__-___-__- 495 4 niana——__------------- 172, 188 hirsuta eee 496 calepensie tor | Fmgeoracemova 497 oylina__.................... 183 macrocarpa _._---___--_-_____ Quiabara === 244 Ninima Set Quiebracha Salalaniaianlaaiaiaiatebtetetetatetadebaatee 390 | nigropunctata_._______________ 497 Ouiebee ane acaeetshetatete 369, 412, on, phaseoloides ee 497 Quiebra-plato--— 438 Preeatoria aon Quiedondilla ___________-_--___-__ 409 pringlet -.--_______ 496 Quilauacatl______-______.__-_--_- 291 | Riatilla__-... 488 Quinbolillo _________________--_-- 503 | Ribes affine....___.._ B15 Quince__~---___------------_---- 334 altamirani_____- 315 Ouirindat ---------------------- vie americanum —________________ 313 uirindal________-_______________ f Quirindol cacabuananche_--------~ 843 | eriferumsn OB Quisache ___--____--___-_--_----- 379 | chihuahuense ________________ 315 cortefio --__----_---_-------_ 373 | ciliatum_____________________ 315 tepamo______-___~-_----_-.--- 373 | dugesii__._._-___._____ 314 tepano --___-___----~-----.-- 380 | fontinale ____________________ 315 Quisquirindin _-_-_-_-___-§_-_-_-___ ee 272 | grande ~~~ 315 Quisquiringuin______________-_____ 272 indecorum _____--~____-___ 316 Quitegato______-___ 406 jorullense -..--.---------__ 315 Quitlacoctli___.._-________________ 298 kunthii__.-..-._--..--________ 315 . Page Page. Ribes madrense _----------------- 316 | Rubus floribundus _______--------- 332 malvaceum__-------------~--- 316 fruticosus _____-___-_-___---- $29 menicanum —~_--__----_-- ue 315 glaucus __-__---------------- 330 microphyllum —~~-------------- 316 hispidus_____---__----------- 329 multiflorum_-——-_------------ 315 humifusus_------------------ 8383 neglectum ~___--------------- 314 humistratus __-..------------ 333 nelsoni____-_-__--------------- 315 liebmannii _--__-__-__-__----- 331 orizabae___------------------ 315 macrogongylus _-------------- 332 palmeri —__------------------ 315 madrensis _--_--------------- 333 pringlei ---_---_----------- 314 mevicanus _------------------ 333 quercetorum —---------------- 316 nelsoni-____----------------- 332 rugosum_____-__------------- 315 - neomexicanus —--------------- 333 tortuosum ~_-----_----------- 315 occidentalis_____------------- 329 viburnifolium ~__--_---------- 314 oligospermus___-_------------ 333 vulgare____------------------ 313 palmeri _-------------------- 332 Ringworm shrub_----------------- 410 parviflorus -_-_-_.------------ 333 Rifién__.-__--------------------- 284 penthaphyllus___------------- 329 Rittera_____-----__----------- --- 433 philyrophyllus _-------------- 331 Rivina __-_----------------------- 265 poliophyllus __--------------- 332 Robinia acuminata______---- aaaaee- 515 pringlei __--.---------------- 331 ehrenbergii _._--------------- 476 pumilus __--.---------------- 330 glabra___-__-------- ~-------- 507 sapindus _--__---------------- 332. latifolia____-_---------------- 515 scandens ______-------------- 332 maculata._.----------------- 482 schiedeanus____--~----------- 331 melanocarpa —-----~----------- 476 scolocaulon ____.------------- 333 neomexicana-____------------ 475 smithii__._____-------------- 832 pringlei _-_--.--------------- 475 strigosus __-__---------------- 331 pyramidata -_---------------- 427 tiliaceus_.._---------~--------- 331 rosea_____------------------- 515 tiliaefolius__----------------- 331 schiedeana___---------------- 515 trichomallus __--------------- 331 sepium ___------------------- 482 trilobus _.------------------- 333 sericea _..-__-__------------- 514 uhdeanus___-----~----------- 332 variegata__-___-------------- 482 urticaefolius ___-------------- 331 Roble _-_---_-------------- 172, 188, 190 verae-crucis____-------------- 331 de duela__------------------- 197 | Ruprechtia ---------------- ------ 249 sgerrano___--~--------- a------- 188 | Russell, Frank ~----------------- 228 Roblecito _.---------------------- 187 | Sabali _____--------------------- 209 Rollinia .....-------------------- 280 | Sabici _.__-_-------------------- 390 Rolon ___-_---------------------- 394 | Saca-tinta _---_------------------- 265 Romerillo____-------------------- 253 | Sacyab_.------------------------ 482 cimarron __------------------ 326 | Sahagtin, Bernardo de------------- 216 Romerito ___--_------------------ 253 | Sahagunia_.-----~--------------- 216 Romero cedro __------------------ 326 | St. John’s-bread___--------------- 412 Rosa___--_---------------------- 333 | Saladillo ____-------------------- 254 de mayo ----------~---------- 247 | Salate__----------------------- 209, 211 de Moctezuma-_-_-_------------ 334 bronco __-------------------- 212 Rosaceae ___--------------------- 821 | Salicornia _-_-------------------- 253 Rose____-_---------------------- 383 | Samanea ___------------------- 395, 396 family _-.------------------- 321 | Samatito _.____-__--------------- - 212 Rosilla____--- ------------------- 444 | Sambrfin __---------------------- 411 Rouge-plant___------------------- 265 de rfo_____--_--------------- 411 Roupala___---------------------- 222 | Samo prieto __------------------- 481 Rourea_-------- pone eee ne 345 | San Miguelito--_----------------- 248 Royal poinciana__---------------- 427 | Sancho amargo------------------- 301 Rubacer__----------------------- 333 | Sandal___--_-------------------- 405 Rubber__-—-------- 206, 214, 215, 217, 222 | Sandalwood_--------------------- 237 plant __--------------------- 206 | Sangre de drago_--------------- 482, 508 Rubus abundus_-_----------------- 332 de toro_____--------------- 265, 301 adenotrichos____------------- $31 | Sangredrago-4----—--------------- 508 alnifolius______-------------- 332 | Sangregado__-------------------- 508 arizonicus ____--------------- $31 | Santa Rosa ~_---------- _--------- 424 corilfolius _____-------------- $381 | Santalum_____---------------- --- 237 eymosus_-_------------------- $32 | Sapo__-------------------------- 303 dumetorum —----------------- 331 | Sapranthus___------------------- 278 eriocarpus__----------------- 330 Saracuacho_____-_--------------- 315 fagifolius ___-.-------------- 332 | Saragundin__-------------------- 411 INDEX, XXXITI INDEX. XXXIV Page. Saramulla _--_-._----___------___ uss Saramullo _-____--_---__--________ 283 Sarcillejo________-___-__________- 301 Sarno________----___-_-~-~_______ 301 Saruma —___-_~___--_____-____--___ 217 Sassafras ________-__-_________ __ 291 Sassafridium___________-_________ 292 Sauco__ eee 300 Schaefferia racemosa______________ 236 Schoepfia_-__-___2--_-____-__-_____ 238 Screwpod mesquite_______ eae n eee 350 Sea-grape_____-__---_____- eee 244 Seca-palo_______---_-_-_- ee 227 Seda vegetal_____-_______2_______ 220 Sedum ___-__-_ eee 307 Selinocarpus____________ 262 Semillas del obispo______-___-_______ 434 Semframis__-__--__-_-_-_-_-_- 275 Seno ee 427 de palillos___-_____-__.__ ee 406 del pafs________--.____ 407, 408, 427 Sencuya________ oe eee eee eee 282 Senecuilehe__ ~~~ eee 498. Senna___-____-_________ ee 405 Sensitiva_._____________--______ 361, 362 Seri Indians _____________________ 352 Sericotheca_________-___ ~~ 323 Sesban__-_____2-____-_ Le 476, 477 Sethchellanthus _________~_-_-_______ 305 Sho___-__-_--__ ee 173 Shokiup__---__-_--___ ee 173 Shotiénit ~------__-____ 173 Shrankia brachycarpa ____________ 363 Shucte____--___- 289 Siderocarpos___________-§_________ 396 Siempreviva__-_____-____________ 307 Sierilla _----___-______ 361 Sierrilla _---__-_-_-_- ee 363 Sieversia paradora______ 325 Sigua blanca_--________________e 295 eanelo ~----_~ ee 296 Sileno ~_--____-______ 235 Silkworms, food for______________ 203 Silmo ____-~_ eee a 231 Siparuna___-—- ~~~ ee 285 Sipirine_ ~~~ 296 Siranda ~~~ ~--~_--_--__- 207 Sirundaniqua________-_~-.~________ 424, Sombrerito __-___________________ 239 Sonajera azul__--_______- 505 Soncolla _-----__-_ ee 282 Soncoya___--___--__--__-- Le 282 Sonorita _.--___-________________ 262 Sophora_____.-__--______ 435 Sophorine________________ 435 Soplillo__--__--__-_--______-______ 388 Sorocea mewicana________________ 205 Sorocontil____-__________________ 411 Soroncontil__________________ ee 410 Sorrocloco__________-______~_______ 305 Sosa___-_--- ~~ 253 Sotacaballo__.______________ wenn 265 Soto caballo-____---_____-_______ 395 Soursop___-__--_-______~_____ 282 Spiraea argentea_________________ 324 oalifornica__.--___.___--_-__~ $22 parvifolia ~~~ Spirostachys________---__-_ Spirostylis ~~... Sponia_____-____-.-- ee Star-anise_______________ Stegnosperma ____-_--____________ Stenolobium caeruleum____________ 4 Strangling figs _-...._____-______ Strombocarpa__-----____--___ Struthanthus_____--________ 231-238, Suaeda _______-- ee Succino del pafs___-_-___-_____ Sufricago ~_-____-________________ Sufricaya ~~~... Sugar-apple_______--_-_ Sugarberry ----_-________-_____ Swartzia _.-.----- Sweet-gum_________-_______ Sweetia _.--.------- ~~ ____ Sweetsop________.---______-_ ue Sycamore _____-________-_ Syringa ----_-___-_ Tabachil __--_-_-_-_-_--___-__-~_~ ee Tahk __~____~_____________- a Taliste________ eee eee Tallow-wood_____ ae Tambalisa _..-.-._-_-_-~-~_~_ Tamulero ~___-_____________ _ | Taracuen____-~___ ~~ Tarantfn__ ~~~ LLL ‘Page. Tarantaqua____. ----------------- 215 Taratana______-_---------------- 410 Taray___...------------------- 422, 444 Tatzungo_____------------------- 511 Teapizmictianiquauhitl__---------- 233 Teberinto _____------------------ 306 Teeolotillo _._._------------------ 238 Tejocote __---------------------- 335 Ten vergiienza____-----------~--- 362 Tenaza -_.___------------------- 397 Tengue__---------------------- 396, 412 Tentzonxochitl____-_---------- ee 385 Tepache__-_.------------------ 381, 385 Tepachera____—--~---------------- 385 Tepaleahuite__------------------- 246 Tepame _____ -------------------- 379 Tépame _-__--------------------- 375 Tepeamate .~__------------------- 210 Tepeamatl_______---------------- 210 | Tepeguaje_____---- 369, 378, 388, 389, 390: Tepehuaje_____------------------ 38H Tepejiloxochitl_____-------------- 385 Tepeoaxin _______---------------- 389 Tepescahuite_____---------------- 360 Tepexiloxochit]____--------------- 385 Tephrosia affinis ----------------- 472 cana@..---_--------+---------- 475 chrysophylla___-_------------ 475 cinerea@______~--------------- 474 crassifolia___-__------------- 471 decumbensa_______------------ 474 glabrescens _____------------- ATT glandulifera __-_------------- ATT lanata _______ _------------~--- ATL langlassei_____-_-------------- 473 leiocarpa___—.--------------- 472 leptostachya-—---------------- 475 leucantha_____----_---------- 473 acuta___-__-------------- 473 macrantha____-------------- - 473 madrensis ____.._--------~- a 472 major __----~-- ~~ eee 472 mollig_____------------------ 477 multifolia _.---_.__------------ 473 niteng__________ _---------~--- 474 oroboideg _______-_----------- 475 palmeri______---------------- 475 postosina_____--------------- 472 purisimae____---------------- AT5 purpurea ________--__-------- 474 rhodantha______------------- 472 schiedeana______------------- 474 scopulorum —__--------------- 474 talpa_______----------------- 473 tenclla_________------------- 474 towicaria _..._.___._._--------~--- 473 venosa ___-_._---------------- 4T5 vicioides_____ eee eee eee 474 virginiana_______-_---------- 473 viridis _.....__--------------- 472 Tepozin_____--_--------------- 258, 259 Tesecalama______-_-_--------------- 210 Tescalamate________------------- 210 Tésota _.._______-___---------- 382, 481 Teta de yegua__________---------- 344 Tetranthera____----- Wo eee 287, 288 XXXV | Page. | Teunacaztli___-.----------------- 279 | Texaltzapotl _--__---------------- 283 | Texcalama lechosa_--------------- 210 | Texcalamate--------------------- 210 | ‘Texcalamatl _.__----------------- 210 Texiote_______------------------- 307 Texiotl _.._._-_----------------- 307 | Texmole__----------------------- 188 | Texmolle -_-_.------------------- 173 Texochilli ___-- pe ee eee 280 Texocotl__-_-_------------------- 335 Texoxochitl____------------------ 385 Tezmolli_._._..------------------ 188 | Thimbleberry _..----------------- 333 | Thusch_.---------. -------------- 264 | Timbe___---------------------- 381, 414 | Timbin_.------------------------ 359 | Timbre____---.------------------ 399 Timbrillo____-.------------------ 385 | Timolillo ----~- wee eee 503 | Timuche-_------------------------ 393 | Tinto_..-.___-------------- 303, 304, 418 | Tlacaclauacatl _.__.-------------- 291 | Tlacopatl_----------------------- 238 | Tlacoxihuit]__._.__-------------- 300, 301 | Tlacoxiloxochitl __---------------- 385 | Tlahuitol____-_------------------ 382 | Tlaloaxin_._--------- _uoa--------- 404 | Tlalpalezpatli ___...----~--------- 444 | Tlamacazatzotl. _.---------------- 385 | Tlamacazcatacotl ___---~----------- 385 | Tlapahoaxpatli-___---------------- 444 | Tlapalezpatli__--------------~----- 444 | Tlatlancuaya-_------------------- 259 | Tatlén -_.-_-_------------------ 259 | Taxisqui____.__--------------~--- 33T | Maxistle _____..----------------- 337 | Tlilamatl_-__-_---_-------------- 216 | Tnundaya _-___------------------ 340 | Tnutinumi______----------------- 334 Tnu-yfia___-_-_.------------------ 184 | ‘Tnu-yaha___-.------------------- 184 | Tobacco --_---------------------- 318 | Tocino -------------------------- 381 | Toco_--------------------------- 305 | Tocd prieto____------------------ 246 | Toji ---------------------------- 233 | Toldillo __----------------------- 382 | Tollon______------ -------------- 337 | Toluifera_____-_- ---------------- 433 | Tomatillo de sabana _—------------- 274 | Tonalahuate ______.-------------- 290 | Moreta ___.-..__--_-------------- 282 | Tornillo -----_-.----------------- 350 | Torrubia ____-_-----------------.- 260 | Tortillas__.._._-_----------------- 280 | Toté ___-_----------------------- 243 Totolinyzochtl ____.-------------- 300 Totoneaxihoit] _...__------------- 404 | Totoncaxihuit! _~----~------------ 410 | Totopostle _...__-_--_------------- 343 Tounatea______-_---------------- 433 | Toxylon------------------------- 202 | ‘Trapp ayocado___-~-~------------ 290 Traveler’s joy___----------------- 267 | Trema _____----------------- _--- 199 Nee XXXVI INDEX. Page. Page. Tres Marfas____-____________ 305, 306 | Urtica caracasana ________________ 219 Trichopodium _____________ 453 chichicaztli 219 Trichostigma_________________ 265 hirta.--_ 221 Tridimeris______--_______-______- 279 | Urticaceae______-__-- 218 Trigyneia_________--___ ee 280 | Urticastrum__.------- 219 Tripas de Judas _____-_-__________ 264 | Urza__...------ 444 Triplaris ~_----__-_____ ee 248 | Uspfo___..---. 845 Trompeta wee 217 Uva_-_--- 244 Trompetilla__-____--_____________ 259 caleta._........- 244 Trompeto wrt re ee ee 301 dela mar_________-___ 244 Trompillo mate eee ee 334 de playa wee 244 Tronador —_---_----_____ ee 437 Uvero._----- 244, 246 Trophis ~----____--__ 204, 205 deplaya_____._... O44 Tanager yoo | Uvilla-—-—---- 244 Tue PED monn nnn nn nnn gog | Vachelia_---_-- 378 Tralmug g3 | Vaimillo-_-________ 398, 399, 404, 406, 410 Teaptenidion enna veo Vainoro prieto -------____________ 261 ToT rs re geen ecn anne Vara blanea_________- 199, 8304 Tzim-ché ----~-------_-____--__. 394 de San José__--___. 410 Tzinacanquahuitl______.-_______ 499 dulce 444 Tzin-ché eens 394 prieta__.---.__-- 878, 423 Tairitzequa —~---- 351 Varaduz 444 Tzitzi----- 204 | Jeeta mm nm mm om nn nn Tzompantle_____--____..__ 498 haar Wotan anne nn--------- oa Tzompantli_._._-______..____ | 498 aritas de Apizaco______-_________ ; Tzonpancuahuitl _--___..___ 498 venein Won oonn------- ~------- on Tzonpantli_.._-___.__... 498 vet-leat———— ~~~ ---_-__-_--_____ Tzonxochitl__-_.---__- 385 | Venadero—---_-----__ --- 278 Tau luth_-.----- 418 Vergonzoso __--_-___-__-_ 361 Tzuli pox _ 283 | Viborquia____--___---_____________ 443 Teuraqua_------- ggg | Wiehe ——----2 2 404 Vigna strobilophora __.___________ 493 Uachi blanco_______-_ 368 : Uaxi_..-- ee 369 Villamilla ~-----------_ 265 Uaxin oe 368 Vinorama we ee ee ee ee ee ee 878 Uheanza_ SS 33g | Véorna pitcheri______--__________- 266 ee Vipeni ~~~ 85 Uisatsin-__.------_ ee 379 ase Uleuagiiil.---- 915 | Virgilia --------_-----_____-__ 435 . Virgin’s-bower __-__...-.-_________ 267 Uleuahuitl___~__-_-_- ee 215 Visco 208 285 Ule --_~-_-_____- 2-2-2222 eee 207,215 | "ISCO ~----~~--~~~~--~---- ~~~ ~~ <5, Ulmaceae___------ 198 cuercino-__----________ 223, 231, 235 Ulmus________ ~oo ee 198 | Viscum album________________ 223 Um___- 290 bolleanum _____.--- 229 Umbellularia__._.__.__._____ | 288 ratnohwum ~---------.~-- oon Un ~~~ 290 corntfotlum —_ ~~~ ~~ Uiia de cabra_____ ~e eee 379 ellipticum __.___-_--_--______ 226 de gato___ 200, 261, 334, 360, 362, 364, falcatum ________---________- 228 365, 377, 394, 397, 475, 481 latifolium —-------__________- 226 de gato negra-___-_________ 377 laurifolium —----_--_-___ 226 del diablo.___..__.._ | 261, 438 reichenbachianum ____________ 227 Unona pendulifilora________________ 279 schiedeanum —__________.____- 228 violacea_________~______ 279 tamentosum_____---- 230 Urera________ eee eee 218 vaginatum___~_----- 223 Urostigma baccatum_______________ 212 velutinum —_----_ 229 bonplandianum_______________ 218 | Vitzquahuit]___-_____-_-_____ 419 complicatum __-_-_.__________ 212 | Viuxita ~~ 347 fuscesceng___________________ 213 | Volador__________---__ 298 glaucum__-~-~--_- = 210 | Watercats___-_-______-_______ 290 glycicarpum_________ eee Lee 213 | Weinmannia__________________ 316 involutum —.___________«_ 2138 | Wenderothia_____..-._-.-__________ 495 lapathifolium ~~ ___ ---- Le 212 | Whipplea___-_--_-_______________ $11 longipes _.-______-___________e 210 | White oak_---~---________ 172 schiedeanum ~~ 212 | Wild licorice..._-----.- 492 suloipes ~~~ 212 olive______---_--__~____ 237 tecolutense___-._--___-_ 209 orange —---~---_~_____________ 304 turbinatum ~~ ~~ 212 | Willardia__...-_______________ 483 Urtica baccifera _-_-._-_ 219 | Winter-fat_...-----__-______ 253 INDEX. XXXVIT Page Page. Winter’s bark____---------------- 276 | Yaga-biguiche_-_----- ------------ 3938 Witch-hazel family _._------------- 317 | Yaga-bito _._-__------------------ 317 Wood flowers.------------------- 222 | Yaga-bixihui_____-._-------------- 393 Wooton, B. O_------------------- 864 | Yaga-biyozaa ____---------------- 204 Kaax __----_--_----_-------------- 381 | Yaga-bizigui_.._._.__._-------------- 317 Xak-yaab___-_------------------- 482 | Yagabuxe ____----~-------------- 272 Xalama __----------------------- 206 | Yaga-cino __-.-.----------------- 173 Xanthium ____------------------- 851 | Yaga-guienite-___-___._------------ 434 Xanthoagathine __---------------- 476 | Yagaguyt _-___------------------ 483 Xaxim ____---------------------- 369 | Yaga-huil _-_.------------------- 203 Xbal-ché __---------------------- 513 | Yaga-reche __-------------------- 173 Xbayumak ___------------------- 803 | Yagati_______-_----------------- 427 Xchoochlé __-_-------------------- 218 | Yaga-xoo____-------------------- 173 Xenecuilche__-------------------- 498 | Yaga-yoo.___-_------------------ 173 Keugua ~.----------------------- 341 | Yaga-zache _.----_--------------- 173 Xiaxek_------------------------- 390 | Yagrumo hembra__------------- 217, 218 Xicaco__------------------------ 845 macho -__-------+------- 217, 301 Xiloxochicuahuitl__--------------- 385 | Yaguaguyt-__--_----------------- 482 Xiloxochitl__._._----------------- —. 885 | yanfi_______-__------_--__------- 237 Xiloxéchitl]_____------------------ 424 | yax-catzim____------------------- 382 Ximénez, Francisco_-------------- 237 | yecapixtla___-_------------------ 235 Ximenia ~----------------~------- 237 | yolosuchil_---------------------- 276 Xinene__--~~-------------------= 290 | yoloxochitl___----------------- 275, 276 Xiopatli______----------------- 219, 404 | yondiro___.______-___------------ 855 Xiotl_- _o ee ---------------- 219, 405 Yslay__.____-------------------- 342 Xiquelite—-----~---------------~- 440 | zacate de agua___.--------------- 477 Xiuquilitl wee eee ee 440 Zahino______--_--_-------------- 424 Xkanpocoleum___----------------- 427 Zajino___-_---------------------- 424 Xkantiriz _-__------------------- 379 Zalate__.....------------------ 207, 211 Xken _____-__-_------------------ 235 Zapatito______------------------- 241 Xkis________- _------------------- 298 Zapote___----------------------- 344 Xkolocmax ______---------------- 305 - Xkuk-ché__..__----__._---------- 237 amarillo_____---------------- 344 Xmutz____._--_----------------+ 362 borracho __-------------. ~--- 344 Xochinacaztli______-------------- 279 cabello__----------------- --- 344 de viejas______-------------- 282 Xochiocotzo Quahuitl___---------- 318 Xochlocotzol__------------------- 31s | Zapotillo fig 344, oe amarillo______--------------- Xochfocotzoquahult) ---------— > ag | Zara. 200, 261, 362, 863, 382 Xochiquahuitl____------------.--- 317 boba___---~------------------- 388 Xocoac ____--------------------- 492 | Zarzamora_____--_--------------- 328 Xolteco ___--_------------------- 454 | Zarzaparrila____-_-_-_-------------- 347 Xomotontli____------------------ 404 | Zatzumbo ~---------------------- 511 XKoxoag ------------------------- 492 | Ziz-uch__-____-------------------- 288 Xoxoco ______-_----------------- 2°72 Zompancle ee ee eee ee ee = 498 Xpay-ché______-_---------------- 264 | Zompantie__-_-_----------------- 498 Xpayumak____----__------------- 303 | Zompantli __-.------------------- 498 Xsusuec ___-----_---~------------- 479 | Zopilotillo_______---------------- 278 Xtuab __--__------------------ 405,410 | Zorrillo _-__--------------------- 264 Xylopea____--------------------- 280 | Zorrocloco__-_------------------- , 305 Xylothermia___------------------ 436 | Zubin--_-__------------------- 874, 379 Yaba ____--_-------------------- 506 | Zubin-ché _____---------------- 874, 379 Yabo __----------------------- 428,506 | Zumpantle__--------------------- 498 Yaco de cuero____------------+-- 199 | Zunu-ifia _-_--------------------- 327 O SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLUME 23, PART 3 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO (OXALIDACEAE-TURNERACEAE ) By PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1923 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ir PREFACE. The third installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Assistant Curator of the United States National Herbarium, treats the families Oxalidaceae to Turnera- veae, both inclusive. Several of the largest and most important groups of Mexican trees are included, such as the Meliaceae, which contains’ the true mahoganies of the genus Swietenia; the Euphor- biaceae, or spurge family; the Malvaceae, or mallow family; and the Sterculiaceae, among whose representatives is the cacao, 7’heo- broma cacao, perhaps the most important economically of all the native Mexican trees. The accounts of the families Meliaceae and Polygalaceae have been furnished by Dr. S. F. Blake of the United States Department of Agriculture. Freperick V. CoviLte, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Tit TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO.’ By Pau C. STANDLEY. 65. OXALIDACEAE. Wood-sorrel Family. One other genus, Biophytum, occurs in Mexico. 1. OXALIS L. Sp. Pl. 483. 1758, Low shrubs or sometimes herbs, pubescent ; leaves alternate, pinnately 3-folio- late; flowers small, perfect, usually cymose ; sepals 5, inferior; petals 5 (yellow in the species here listed), deciduous; stamens 10, the filaments united into a tube below; styles filiform or subulate; fruit a small oblong or columnar cap- sule, 5-celled. , Numerous herbaceous species are found in Mexico. The name “socoyol” (from the Nahuatl xocoyolli, “ sorrel”) is applied to some species. Longer filaments not appendaged_____----------------------- 1. O. camporum, Longer filaments appendaged cn the back. Leaflets acute or acuminate. Leaflets linear or linear-oblong__----------~----------- 2. O. angustifolia. Leaflets ovate or lance-ovate___---------------------------- 8. O. sepium, Leaflets, at least most of them, emarginate at the apex. Capsule glabrous__---~~----------------------------- 4. O. yucatanensis. Capsule pubescent on the angles-----------~----------------- 5. O. neaei. 1. Oxalis camporum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 377. 1918. Veracruz; type from Bafios del Carrizal. Leaflets 2.5 em. long and 1 cm. wide or smaller, pubescent. 2. Oxalis angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 249, 1822. Lotovralis angustifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906. Known only from the type locality, near La Venta del Peregrino. Plants about 20 em. high; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 cm. leng, glabrous; petals twice as long as the sepals. 3, Oxalis sepium St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid, 1: 111. 1825. Oxalis acuminata Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 224. 1830. Oralis lindenit Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 429, 1858. Lotoxalis scpium Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 48. 1907. Guerrero and Oaxaca to Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South America; type from Brazil. ivhe first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, comprising the families Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 28, Contributions from the U. 8. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920; the second installment, comprising the families Fagaceae to Fabaceae, as Part 2, pp. 171-515, July 14, 1922. 517 018 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Slender shrub, sometimes 2 meters high, with reddish brown branches; leaflets mostly 2 to 4 em. long, pubescent; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long, the petals twice as Icng; capsule 5 to 7 mm. long. 4. Oxalis yucatanensis (Rose) Stand]. Lotoralis occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906. Not Oxalis occidentalis Knuth, 1915. Lotoxalis yucatanensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 10: 116, 1906. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Yucatin; type from Yucatin. Central America. Slender shrub, rarely more than 30 cm. high; leaflets 1 to 2.5 em. long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath; sepals 4 to 5 mm. long; capsule 6 to 8 mm. long. 5. Oxalis neaei DC. Prodr. 1: 691. 1824, Oxalis tephrodes Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 427, 1858. Ovalis psilotrichia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 427, 1858, Oralis fasciculata Turez, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 327; 272. 1859, Lotovalis neaci Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906. Guerrero to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Central America and South America. Slender shrub, a meter high or less, or often herbaceous; leaflets 1 to 3 em. long, pubescent on both sides; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long; capsule 4 to 6 mm. long. 66. ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Coca Family. 1. ERYTHROXYLON L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1035. 1759. REFERENCE: Britton, N. Amer. FI, 25: 59-66, 1907. Glabrous trees or shrubs: leaves alternate, entire, thin, stipulate, petiolate; flowers small, solitary, or fasciculate in the leaf axils; fruit a small drupe. Erythrorylon coca Lam., of South America, is the well-known coca plant, from which cocaine is obtained. It is cultivated extensively in Peru and Bolivia. Stipules large, conspicuously striate; leaves acute. Calyx lobes ovate 0-2-8 1. E. tabascense. Calyx lobes orbicular-ovate__--------- 2. E. lucidum, Stpules small, not striate; leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Leaves large, usually 3.5 to 7 em. long. Pedicels filiform, 5 to 12 mm. long------- 3. E, havanense, Pedicels stout, 4 to 6 mm. long____--_----_..§ 4. E. mexicanum, Leaves small, all or most of them less than 3 em, long. Leaves broadly ovate_____.---_------e 5. E. compactum., Leaves ovate to broadly oval, broadest at or below the middle. Branchlets glaucescent; pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long_-.-_____ 6. E, pringlei, Branchlets not glaucescent; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long____7. E. pallidum, 1. Erythroxylon tabascense Britton, N, Amer. Fl. 25: 66. 1907. ?Hrythrorylon ellipticum Ramirez; Villada, Naturaleza 8: 53. pl. 4. 1898. Not FH. ellipticum R. Br. 1863. Tabasco, and probably in Veracruz; type from San Sebastian, Tabasco, Shrub with brown branches; leaves 8 to 14 cm. long; petals 1 to 3.5 mm, long. “ Zapotillo” (Veracruz, Ramirez). The infusion of the leaves is said to be used as a beverage, STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 519 2. Erythroxylon lucidum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 179. 1822. Reported from Mexico, but no specimens seen by the writer. Costa Rica to Colombia; type from Colombia. Small tree; leaves 8 to 15 cm. long. 3. Erythroxylon havanense Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 21, 1760. Oaxaca and Veracruz. Cuba; type from Havana. Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, pale beneath; flowers white; fruit 4 to 7 mm. long, orange or yellow. 4. Erythroxylon mexicanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 178. 1822. Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Guerrero; perhaps also in Yucat&n ; type from Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 em. long, pale beneath; fruit 6 to 10 mm. long. “Pata de pijaro” (Sinaloa). 5. Erythroxylon compactum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacin, Puebla. Shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves mostly 1 to 1.5 cm. long; flowers mostly solitary. This and the next species are very closely related. 6. Erythroxylon pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905. Known only from the type locality, near Iguala, Guerrero. Shrub or small tree, 3.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long; fruit red, 7 to 8 mm. long. 7. Erythroxylon pallidum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905. Vicinity of the type locality, San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas. Shrub; leaves 2 to 3 cm. long. 67. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Lignum-vitae Family. Shrubs or trees, unarmed, often strong-scented and resinous; leaves opposite or alternate, simple, digitate, or pinnate, the leaves or leaflets entire; flowers perfect, regular or nearly so; sepals 5, free, usually imbricate ; petals 5; sta- mens twice as many as the petals; fruit a capsule, often splitting into several carpels. Leaves mostly opposite, digitate or even-pinnate. Leaves digitate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate; flowers pink or purplish. 1. FAGONIA. Leaves even-pinnate; flowers yellow, blue, or violet. Leaflets 2; petals yellow--_----------------------------- 2, COVILLEA. Leaflets more than 2; petals blue or violet. Stamens with scalelike appendages at base; stipules persistent. 3. PORLIERIA. Stamens not appendaged; stipules deciduous__--------- 4. GUAIACUM. Leaves mostly alternate, odd-pinnate or simple. Fruit covered with long straight hairs; leaves simple, linear or oblanceolate. Flowers yellow__------------------------------------- 5. SERICODES. Fruit tomentose or puberulent; leaves pinnate or, if simple, oval. Flowers purplish; petals 4; leaves pinnate-------------- 6. MORKILLIA. Flowers yellowish; petals 5; leaves usually simple__----- 7. VISCAINOA. 520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. FAGONIA L. Sp. Pl. 886. 1753. REFERENCE: Standley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 243-250. 1912. Small shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, digitately 1 to 7-foliolate, the leaflets small, entire; flowers small, solitary, pink or purplish; fruit small, composed of 5 carpels, Most of the species scarcely deserve to be classed as shrubs. Leaves wanting ; stipules triangular-subulate, 1 mm. long or shorter; sepals per- sistent-___-__-__- 1. F, scoparia. Leaves present; stipules subulate, usually much more than 1 mm. long; sepals caducous. Leaflets 5 or 7_---- eee 2. F. palmeri. Leaflets 3. Ovary glabrous____------- 3. F. laevis. Ovary and mature fruit pubescent. Leaflets glabrous. Stems densely glandular__...------- 4, F. viscosa. Stems scaberulous, not at all glandular_.....__ | 5. F. californica, Leaflets pubescent, often glandular. Pedicels shorter than the fruit. Leaflets 8 to 13 mm. long; stems densely glandular. 6. F. pachyacantha, Leaflets 3 to 10 mm. long; stems sparsely or often scarcely at all glandular__------ 7. F. barclayana. Pedicels longer than fruit. Leaflets linear; stipules 4 to 5 mm. long; stems sparsely pilose, - 8. F. insularis. Leaflets lanceolate or linear-oblong; stipules 2 mm. long; stems sparsely scaberulous_______.-_------ 9. F. rosei, 1. Fagonia scoparia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 181. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Macho, Coahuila. Slender erect shrub, about 30 cm. high, leafless; petals purplish pink, 5 mm. long. 2. Fagonia palmeri Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 82. 1890. Baja California; type from Santa Rosalia. Densely branched undershrub, forming clumps about 45 cm. high; leaflets linear, 3 to 10 mm. long; petals pinkish. 3. Fagonia laevis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 249, 1911. Northern Baja California. Southern California and Arizona; type from Yuma, Arizona. Plants suffrutescent, decumbent, densely branched, glabrous; leaflets 2 to 8 mm. long. 4. Fagonia viscosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 104. 1910, Sonora (type locality) and Baja California. Southern California. Leaflets 8 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide; petals purple, 6 to 8 mm. long, 5. Fagonia californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844, Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Southern California to Utah. Densely branched, suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high; petals 5 to 8 mm. long. 6. Fagonia pachyacantha Rydb. N. Amer, Fl. 25: 105. 1910. Known only from the type collection, from somewhere in Baja California. Suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets linear, 8 to 15 mm. long; petals 6 to 8 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 521 %. Fagonia barclayana’ (Benth.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 104. 1910. Fagonia californica barclayana Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Leaflets 8 to 20 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. 8. Fagonia insularis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 247. 1911. Known only from Carmen Island, Baja California. Leaflets 1 to 9 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long. 9. Fagonia rosei Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 247. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Tibur6n Island, Baja California. Leaflets 2 to 3 mm. long; petals purplish, 7 mm. long. 2, COVILLEA? Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 229, 1895. 1. Covillea tridentata (DC.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 3802. 1899. Zygophyllum tridentatum DC. Prodr, 1: 706. 1824. Larrea mexicana Moric. Pl. Nouv. Amer, 71. 18389. Larrea glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 93. 1848. Larrea tridentata Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 4: 75. 1893. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Querétaro, and Durango. West- ern Texas to Utah and southern California. Strong-scented shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves opposite, persistent, com- posed of 2 oblong to obovate leaflets, these oblique, united at base, 5 to 10 mm. long; flowers solitary, the petals yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruit of 5 carpels, densely pilose with long hairs. Mostly generally known as “ sohernadora ; ” “ hediondilla ” (Sonora, New Mexico); “falsa aleaparra ” (Sonora, San Luis Potosi, Ramirez); “guamis” or “ huamis” (San Luis Potosi, Chihuahua) ; “hediondo” (California). The creosote bush is one of the most characteristic shrubs of the dry plains of northern Mexico, often covering wide areas to the exclusion of most other woody plants. The flower buds, pickled in vinegar, are said to be eaten like capers. The plant is much used in domestic medicine, especially for rheu- matism, a decoction of the leaves being employed for baths or fomentations. The decoction is said, also, to have remarkable antiseptic properties, and is applied to bruises and sores. It is taken internally for gastric disturbances and for venereal diseases. A reddish brown lac is often deposited upon the branches by a small scale insect. This lac is used in some parts of Mexico for dyeing leather red, and the Coahuilla Indians of California employ it as cement. The same Indians use a decoction of the plant for intestinal complaints and for tuberculosis. The Pima Indians of Arizona drink a decoction of the leaves as as emetic, and apply the boiled leaves as poultices to wounds and sores. * George Barclay was a gardener at Kew, who accompanied H. M. 8. Sulphur for the purpose of making botanical collections. ?Named for Frederick Vernon Coville (1867—), Curator of the U. S. National Herbarium. Mr. Coville was botanist of the U. 8. Death Valley Expedition of 1891, and published a volume dealing with the botanical features of that region (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4), and he has published many other papers upon & wide range of botanical subjects. He made a collection of plants in Sonora in 1903. 529 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. PORLIERIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 55, 1794. 1. Porlieria angustifolia (Engelm.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28, 1852. Guaiacum angustifolium Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North Mex, 113. 1848. Coahuila to Tamaulipas; type from Parras, Coahuila. Southwestern Texas. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 25 em. in diameter, the branches stout, crooked; leaves pinnate, persistent, the leaflets 8 to 12, linear, 1.5 em. long or shorter; flowers 1 to 2 em. broad, sweet-scented, purple; wood hard, compact, taking a fine polish, the heartwood dark brown, the sapwood yellow, the specific gravity about 1.10. “Guayacin” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Texas). The bark of the roots is sometimes made into balls and sold in the markets as a kind of “amole”; it is valued for washing woolen goods, since it does not fade the colors, and is esteemed also as a disinfectant. A decoction of the wood or bark is employed in domestic medicine as a sudorific and vascular stimulant, especially in rheumatism and venereal diseases; it is reputed to be used as an emlenagogue. The durable wood is used for fence posts and other purposes. Known in Texas as “ soap-bush.” 4. GUAIACUM L. Sp. Pl. 381. 1753. Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, abruptly pinnate, the leaflets few, thick, entire, unequal; flowers large and showy, blue or purple; fruit an angled capsule. Guaiacum officinale 1., the lignum-vitae, has been reported from Mexico, but probably incorrectly. Leaflets broadly oblong or obovate, usually 8 to 15 mm. wide. 1. G. sanctum, Leaflets linear or linear-oblong, usually 3 to 7 mm. wide. Ovary pubescent__----------- 2. G. palmeri. Ovary glabrous___--_-_-_------ 3. G. coulteri, 1. Guaiacum sanctum L. Sp. Pl. 382. 1753. Guaiacum verticale Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 93. 1798. Yucatén and probably in Tabasco; perhaps also in Veracruz. West Indies and southern Florida; type from Porto Rico. Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, the trunk short, the bark thin, pale or white; leaflets 4 to 10, 2 to 3.5 ecm. long, glabrous; petals 7 to 11 mm. long; fruit 1.4 to 1.7 em. long; wood resinous, light yellow, becoming green on exposure, very hard, with a characteristic odor, the specific gravity about 1.15. “Guayacin,” This species has been reported from many other parts of Mexico, apparently because it has been confused with G. coulteri, The wood is used for railroad ties and other purposes. Both G. sanctum and G. officinale L., the latter a West Indian species, are official in the U. 8. Pharmacopoeia. The extract of the wood, which is known as “lignum-vitae,” has stimulant and diaphoretie properties. It was intro- duced into Europe as early as 1508 by the Spaniards, who had learned that it was used by the Indians as a remedy for syphilis. It was long highly esteemed as a remedy for syphilitic affections, and for gout, rheumatism, scrofula, and cutaneous diseases, but it is now believed to have no distinct influence upon such diseases. The resin also is employed, being stimulant, alterative, diaphoretic, and in large doses purgative. The bark and wood contain saponin. One of the species of Guaiacum is illustrated by Hernfindez and treated? at length in a chapter entitled “De Hoaxacan, seu Ligno Sancto.” * Thesaurus 62-65. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 523 2. Guaiacum palmeri Vail, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 107. 1910. Dry plains and hills, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub or small tree; leaflets 4 to 10, 0.8 to 2.2 cm. long; petals blue, about 1.5 em. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long. It is probable that this plant is only a form of G. coulteri. 3. Guaiacum coulteri A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 312, 1855. Guaiacum planchoni A. Gray; Vail & Rydb. N. Amer, Fl. 25: 107. 1910. Sonora to Oaxaca; type collected between Rayén and Ures, Sonora. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 12 meters high, with crooked branches; leaflets 6 to 10, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers fragrant, the petals blue or violet, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit about 1.5 cm. long. Known throughout its range as “guayacin;” “drbol santo” (Puebla, Ramirez); “ palo santo” (Oaxaca, Jalisco); ‘“ matlaquahuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez); “yaga-na” (Oax- aca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ yutnu-tandaa” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko). The plant was reported from Mexico by Mocifio and Sessé as G. afrum L. The wood is hard and resinous, strong and durable, and is good for firewood, being used sometimes for fuel in railroad engines. It is employed also for making articles in which great strength is required. The tree is believed to have essentially the same properties as G. sanctum. The writer has not seen type material of G. planchoni, which was described from Oaxaca, but other material from that state differs in no way from G. coulteri, and the characters supposed to separate the two species seem not to hold in the material examined. 5. SERICODES A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28, 1852. 1. Sericodes greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28. 1852. Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén; type from San Lorenzo (Coahuila?). Low, densely branched shrub; leaves fascicled, linear or oblanceolate, 8 to 12 mm. long, strigose; flowers small, yellowish ; fruit a small capsule, sepa- rating into 5 carpels, densely covered with long white hairs. 6. MORKILLIA Rose & Painter, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50°: 33. 1907. Erect shrubs; leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, with large entire leaflets ; flowers very large, deep rose-purple, solitary or geminate; fruit a large 4-winged capsule, Leaflets acute or obtuse; wings of the fruit produced at the apex, the sinus narrow__--— _- Woe eee eee eee 1. M. mexicana. Leaflets acuminate; wings of the fruit scarcely produced, the sinus broad and open______--------------------------------------- 2. M. acuminata. 1. Morkillia mexicana (Moc. & Sessé) Rose & Painter, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50°: 33. 1907. Chitonia mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 707. 1824, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, with grayish white bark; leaflets T to 15, 3 to 5 cm, long, densely pubescent; petals*3 to 4 cm. long; fruit 4 to 6 cm. long. “ Guayacin” (Oaxaca). 2. Morkillia acuminata Rose & Painter, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50°: 34. 1907. Known only from the type locality, mountains between Victoria and Jaumave Valley, Tamaulipas. Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, densely pubescent ; leaflets 3 to 9, 1 to 3 cm. long; petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long; fruit 5 cm. long. 524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 7. VISCAINOA Greene, Pittonia 1: 163, 1888. 1. Viscainoa geniculata (Kellogg) Greene, Pittonia 1: 163. 1888, Staphylea geniculata Kellogg, Proc, Calif. Acad, 2: 22. 1859. Baja California and western Sonorn; type from San Sebastifn Bay, Baja California, Shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high, cinereous-pubescent, with crooked branches; leaves alternate, simple or pinnate, with 3 or 5 leaflets, these mostly oval, 2 to 5 cm. long; flowers large, yellowish white; fruit a capsule, 2 to 3 cm. long, usually 4-lobed. “ Guayacin” (Baja California). 68. RUTACEAE. Rue Family. REFERENCE: P, Wilson, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 173-224. 1911. Aromatic trees or shrubs, often armed with spines, usually furnished with glands in bark, leaves, and fruit; leaves opposite or alternate, estipulate, simple or compound; flowers perfect or unisexual, large or small; calyx inferior, with 3 to 5 lobes or sepals; petals 3 to 5, usually imbricate, some- times united; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; ovary of 1 to 5 or more free or united carpels; styles free or connate; fruit a follicle, capsule, samara, drupe, or berry. No herbaceous plants of the family are natives of Mexico. The rue family includes the important tropical citrus fruits, of which the following, and perhaps some others, are cultivated in Mexico. Citrus medica L., the citron (“cidra,” “cedro limon,” “ cidrero”), with large fruits containing scant pulp, the rind of which is candied and used in confectionery; C. limonia Osbeck, the lemon (“limén,” limén agrio,” “limonero”; “nimf,” Otomf; “tzapposh,” Mixe); C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle,’ the lime (“ lima,” “lima chica,” “limén dulce,” “lima chicona ”"); C. aurantium L., the sour orange (“naranja agria”); C. sinesis Osbeck, the common or sweet orange (“naranja,” “naranja dulce "; “yaga-naraxo,” Zapotec; “ tzaptzouk,” “ tzap- kiuk,” “ tzaptzuik,” Mixe; “ nanxa,” “xidni,” Otomf); C. grandis Osbeck, the grapefruit, pomelo, or shaddock (“ toronja”); Triphasia trifolia (Burm.) P. Wilson, the lime-berry (“ limoncito ”), a small tree, grown for ornament, Some of these trees have escaped from cultivation in the warmer parts of Mexico. The citrus fruits were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards immedi- ately after the Conquest. Bernal Diaz del Castillo? claims for himself the honor of introducing the orange into Mexico, in 1518, while he was with Grijalva’s expedition. His account is as follows: “As this country [in Tabasco, at the mouth of the Tonalé River] is infested by mosquitos, in order to avoid them I went to sleep in a large temple, near which I at this time sowed seven or eight seeds of oranges, which I had brought from Cuba. They grew very well, for the priests of the temple took care of them when they saw that they were uncommon plants, This I mention, because they were the first trees of the kind that ever grew in New Spain. After the conquest of Mexico, this prov- ince being considered as offering the greatest advantages, was chosen by most of the principal persons amongst the conquerors, of which number I was one; and on my arrival there I went in search of, and found my young trees flour- ishing, and having transplanted them, they all did very well.” * Often known incorrectly as Citrus limetta. * True history of the Conquest of Mexico, translation by Keating, p. 23. 1800. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 525 Fruit a drupe. Leaves digitately 3 to 7-foliolate. Style lateral____-------------------------------------- 1. SARGENTIA. Style terminal__-_------------------------------------- 2. CASIMIROA. Leaves simple, 1-foliolate, or pinnate. Style lateral; leaves linear or nearly so, simple------- 8. CNEORIDIUM. Style terminal; leaves compound, or, if simple, much broader than linear. Stamens as many as the petals_______------------ 4. STAURANTHUS. Stamens twice as many as the petals___._-__--------------- 5. AMYRIS. Fruit a capsule or samara, or of follicles. Corolla gamopetalous; filaments more or less united with the corolla tube. Leaves 1-foliolate__._.___---------------------- 6. ERYTHROCHITON. Corolla polypetalous; filaments free from the petals. Ovules 5 or more in each earpel. Leaves simple_-_----- 7. THAMNOSMA. Ovules 2 or 1 in each carpel. Fruit a samara or samara-like. Leaves digitate, the leaflets 3. Carpels of the fruit separating at maturity; flowers usually perfect. 8. HELIETTA. Carpels not separating; flowers polygamous. Samara woody, wingless or nearly so___--------- 9. TARAVALIA. Samara not woody, surrounded by a broad wing------ 10. PTELEA., Fruit a capsule or of 1 or more follicles. Stamens as many as the petals. Flowers unisexual; plants usually armed with spines, Leaves pin- nate__________-___ +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ 11. ZANTHOXYLUM. Flowers perfect; plants unarmed. Leaves pinnate; fruit of 1 or 3 follicles_____~ 12. PILOCARPUS. Leaves simple, 1-foliolate, or digitate; fruit a woody capsule. 13. ESENBECKIA. Stamens twice as many as the petals or more. Calyx deciduous; leaves digitate. Leaves alternate; sepals very unequal____-_- 14. PELTOSIGMA. Leaves opposite; sepals subequal___..----------- 15. CHOISYA. Calyx persistent ; leaves pinnate. Ovary 2-celled. Leaflets 5 or 7, 3 to 7 mm. long. 16. MEGASTIGMA. Ovary 5-celled. Calyx of 5 distinct or nearly distinct sepals; leaflets 11 to 25, 6 to 12 mm. long,______---_--------------- 17. POLYASTER. Calyx 5-dentate; leaflets 5 to 11, 2.5 to 10 cm. long. 18. DECATROPIS. 1. SARGENTIA S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25:144. 1890. 1. Sargentia greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 144. 1890. Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Tree, sometimes 13 meters high; bark smooth, gray, peeling off in thin plates; leaves alternate, persistent, digitately 2 or 3-foliolate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, nearly glabrous, entire; flowers small, white; fruit fleshy, edible, 1.5 to 2 em. long, yellow; seeds brown, 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long. “ Limoncillo” (Tamauli- pas, San Luis Potosf); “chapote amarillo” (Nuevo Leén); “naranjillo” (Tamaulipas). The wood is said to be used for fuel, carts, and other purposes. 526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. CASIMIROA’* Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr, 2:2. 1825, Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves persistent, alternate, digitate, the leaflets coriaceous, usually entire; flowers small, perfect; fruit a drupe, 2 to 5-celled, with a single seed in each cell. Leaflets densely velvety-pubescent beneath. Leaflets 3, obtuse; petioles 1.5 to 3 cm. long... 1. C. pubescens, Leaflets usually 5, acuminate; petioles 3 to 12 cm. long_____ 2. C. tetrameria, Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so, sometimes pilose along the costa. Fruit 1.2 to 1.8 em. in diameter___..----_..- 3. C. pringlei. Fruit 5 to 10 cm. in diameter. Leaflets obtuse____.-----_ w----- eee 4. C. watsonii. Leaflets acuminate, Leaflets 5 or rarely 7, the lateral ones sessile or on short stout petiolules. 5. C. edulis. Leaflets usually 3, the lateral ones on slender petiolules 1 to 3 em. long. 6. C. sapota. 1. Casimiroa pubescens Ramfrez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. Mex, 2:19. pl. 5. 1896. Querétaro and San Luis Potost; type from El Madrofio, Sierra Gorda. Querétaro, altitude 2,400 meters. Shrub, about 2 meters high, much branched, densely pubescent; leaflets 3 or sometimes 1, oblong-obavate to elliptic, 4 to 6.5 em. long; fruit depressed- globose, about 4 cm. broad, pubescent, the pulp white and scanty; seeds 5 or 6, “Zapote de rata” (Querétaro). 2. Casimiroa tetrameria Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 401. 1898. Yucatin and Michoacin; type from Xcholac, Yucatéin. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Tree, 6 to 15 meters high, with rounded crown ; leaflets oblong-ovate to elliptic, usually 7 to 16 cm. long, entire or obscurely crenate. ‘“ Matasano ” (Cesta Rica, Honduras). The fruit of this species is not known to the writer, but it is probably similar to that of C. edulis. This species has been confused with C. sapota, but it is more closely related to C. edulis, of which it may be only a pubescent form. 8. Casimiroa pringlei (S. Wats.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3‘: 178, 1896. Sargentia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 26: 134. 1891. Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosf, and Durango; type from San José Pass, San Luis Potosf. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, with grayish bark; leaflets 2 or 3, obovate or elliptic, 3 to 9 em. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrous or nearly so, entire; flowers greenish yellow; fruit subglobose or oval, 1.2 to 1.8 em. broad; seeds 10 to 12 mm. long. *The genus was dedicated to Casimiro G6mez, of whom the authors write as follows: “ Casimiro Gémez, ad Cardonal ex tribu Ottcmitarum edito, viro sobrio ac temperanti, in gerendo bello, promto, sagaci animosissimo, ipsi, quod a luxu abhorrens, et se milites suos humili victu ac vestitu conservans ac ducens, exigua Ottomitarum manu, innumerabilia ac gloriosissima pro patriae bono gesserit.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 527 4. Casimiroa watsonii Engler; P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 214. 1911. Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Leaflets 3 or 4, elliptic to oblanceolate, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, entire or nearly so, glabrate; fruit sweet and edible, containing 1 or 2 seeds. It seems rather doubtful whether this is distinct from C. pringlei. 5, Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 2, 1825. Sonora to Jalisco; often cultivated; reported from many other parts of Mexico, but probably because of confusion with C. sapota. Guatemala. Large or medium-sized tree, with broad dense crown; leaflets almost always 5, elliptic, oval, or broadly ovate, bright green, nearly or quite glabrous, often lustrous; flowers white; fruit 8 to 10 cm. broad, yellowish, with sweet pulp; seeds usually 5, 1.8 to 2.3 cm. long. The following names are reported, but most of them probably belong equally or exclusively to C. sapota: “ Zapote blanco” (the most common name); ‘zapote;” ‘chapote;” ‘“ matasano (Oaxaca) ; “ cochiztzapotl” (Nahuatl, “ sleepy-zapote”) ; “iztactzapotl” (Na- huatl; “ white-zapote”’) ; “ccaxmuttza ” (Otomf, Buelna). This species may have a wider range than is indicated, but all the Mexican specimens seen by the writer come from the Pacific coast. It is not absolutely certain that this species, rather than C. sapota, is the one described by Llave and Lexarza, but their description seems to agree better with it. The white sapote (including also Casimiroa sapota) is a well-known tree in Mexico, but is little grown outside that country. It is cultivated in the West Indies and has been introduced into southern California. The fruit varies in size and quality. It somewhat resembles an apple, and the best varieties are as large as a good-sized orange. The tender yellowish skin is thin, like that of an apple; the pulp is soft and cream-colored, of delicate texture, with a pleasant sweet flavor. The fruit ripens in July and August. It is much eaten in Mexico and is commonly sold in the markets. The fruits are popularly believed to induce sleep if eaten in quantity, and to calm rheumatie pains. The bark, leaves, and especially the seeds are said to contain a glucoside, casimirosine, which has a hypnotic and sedative effect upon cerebral centers. A small dose, it is stated, produces, at the end of an hour, deep sleep which lasts four to six hours. This principle, obtained chiefly from the seeds, has been used by Mexican physicians. The white sapote is described by Hernandez,’ who says: “The Cochitzapotl is a large irregular tree, with thin foliage of ternate leaves like those of the orange; the trunk is spattered with white spots; the flowers are yellow and medium-sized; the fruit, of the shape and size of a quince, is called by the Spaniards Zapote blanco; it is edible and of agreeable flavor, but it is not to be counted a wholesome food; the stone which it con- tnins is a deadly poison. The bark of the tree is dry and somewhat sweet, with a certain bitterness; the leaves, crushed and applied to the nipples of the nurse, cure diarrhea in infants; the seeds, crushed and roasted, cure putrid ulcers and proud flesh, and by exciting suppuration produce new flesh and hasten healing; if eaten, the fruits induce drowsiness, whence the name. The tree grows in hot and cold regions.” 6. Casimiroa sapota Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1857: 157. 1858. San Luis Potosf and Querétaro to Jalisco and Oaxaca. Type from Nica- ragua. Tree, similar to the preceding species; leaflets nearly always 38, smaller and narrower, on very long petiolules. “ Zapote” (Querétaro) ; ‘““zapote blanco” (Jalisco) ; ‘‘matasano” (Nicaragua). 1Thesaurus 89. 1651. 528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. This species has been considered the same as C. edulis, but to the writer it seems amply distinct, the leaves of the two being very different. All the species of the genus are represented by inadequate herbarium material, 3. CNEORIDIUM Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 312. 1862. 1. Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Hook. f.; Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 498, 1873. Pitavia dumosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer, 1: 215. 1838. Baja California, Southern California; type from San Diego. Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves opposite or fasciculate, linear or oblong-linear, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. Jong, green, entire or nearly so; flowers very small; fruit a capsule, 5 to 6 mm. broad. 4. STAURANTHUS Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 91. 1853. Unarmed trees; leaves alternate, simple or unifoliolate, gland-dotted ; flowers small, in terminal or axillary racemes or pan‘cles; fruit a 1-seeded drupe. Leaves 3.5 to 7 em. wide, abruptly short-acuminate at apex; flowers racemose. 1. S. perforatus. Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, gradually attenuate to apex: flowers mostly panicu- late ~----_- ____2. §. conzattii. 1. Stauranthus perforatus Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 92, 1854. Zanthorylum ghiesbreghtii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 321: 274. 1859. Veracruz; type collected between Totutla and Huatusco. Glabrous tree; leaves unifoliolate, the petioles 0.8 to 2.2 cm. long, the leaflets oblong-elliptic, 10 to 18 em. long. 2. Stauranthus conzattii Rose & Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cerro San Antonio, Oaxaca, altitude 1,700 meters (Conzatti 2445; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 841056). Glabrous tree or shrub, with reddish brown branches; leaves simple, the petioles stout, 5 to 8 mm. long, subterete, the blades lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, 6 to 9.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2.5 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, gradually attenuate from the middle or lower to the acute or subobtuse apex, coriaceous, bright green, sublustrous above, the venation plane or prominulous, scarcely paler beneath, the costa slender but prominent, the other venation prominulous, conspicuously gland-dotted; flowers few, in small terminal or uxillary racemes or panicles, the pedicels stout, 2 mm. long or shorter; calyx 1.8 mm. broad, the lobes very obtuse; ovary smooth; fruit globose, about 8 mm. in diameter; seed globose, 7 mm. in diameter. Only one other species of the genus is known, S. perforatus Liebm. It differs from the present plant in having unifoliolate leaves, the leaflet being much larger and broader than the leaf of S. conzattii, and abruptly short-acuminate at the apex. The Veracruz plant, moreover, has longer petioles and axillary racemes, The flowers of S. conzattii are not known, and until they have been studied, the generic position of the plant must remain in doubt. It may be that it should be referred rather to Amyris. 5. AMYRIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 996. 1759. Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, pinnate, sometimes unifoliolate, the leaflets entire or crenulate; flowers small, perfect, paniculate, white or yellowish white; fruit a drupe. Leaflet 1. Petioles 2 to 5 mm. long_____--- 1. A. monophylla. Petioles 15 to 24 mm, long__------- 2. A. rekoi. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 529 Leaflets 3 or more. Leaves opposite. Leaflets usually 7 to 11, sometimes 5, densely puberulent beneath. 3. A. madrensis. Leaflets 3 or 5, glabrous beneath or nearly so. Lateral leaflets subcordate at base, rounded at apex, pale beneath. 4. A. purpusi. Lateral leaflets obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, green beneath. 5. A. balsamifera. Leaves alternate. Leaflets 1 to 3 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.5 cm. wide, the terminal one short-stalked. 6. A, texana. Leaflets 3 to 10 em. long, 2 to 9 cm. wide, the terminal one long-stalked. Petioles not winged; leaflets acute, ovate or rhombic-ovate. 7. A. sylvatica. Petioles usually winged ; leaflets acuminate, elliptic to rhombic-lanceolate. 8. A. thyrsiflora. 1. Amyris monophylla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381. 1909. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Glabrous shrub; leaflet ovate to oval, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, coriaceous, entire or nearly so. 2. Amyris rekoi Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 56. 1918. Tepic and Oaxaca; type from Cafetal Nueva Esperanza, Department of Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 700 meters. Glabrous tree or shrub; leaflet lance-ovate to oblong-ovate, 6.5 to 11.5 cm. long, acuminate; fruit bluish black, 5 mm. in diameter. 3. Amyris madrensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 144. 1890. Nuevo Leén and San “Luis Potosf; type from mountains near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Southwestern Texas. Very leafy shrub; leaflets rhombic, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, coriaceous, entire or crenate; fruit 10 to 12 mm. long. 4, Amyris purpusi P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 86. 1910. Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz. Small tree; leaflets 3, oval or ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, entire or nearly so. 5. Amyris balsamifera L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1000, 1759. Sinaloa to Guerrero. West Indies, South America, and southern Florida ; type from Jamaica. ; Shrub or tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diameter; leaflets 3 or 5, 5 to 13 em. long, entire or crenulate ; flowers white; fruit obovoid or elliptic, 6 to 13 mm. long, bluish black, aromatic; wood hard, close-grained, orange, very resinous, its specific gravity about 1.04, ‘“ Limoncillo” (Sinaloa). The Mexican material may represent a distinct species, but the material at hand is too incomplete to determine this point. 6. Amyris texana (Buckl.) P. Wilson, Torreya 8: 139. 1908. Zanthorylum tecanum Buckl. Bull. Torrey Club 10: 90. 1883. Amyris parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 226. 1888. Nuevo Leén. Western Texas; type from Corpus Christi. Glabrous aromatic shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, leaflets 3, ovate, obtuse. “ Chapotillo”’? (Nuevo Leén). . 780S—23——2 530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7%. Amyris sylvatica Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 107, 1763. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Central America, West Indies, and north- ern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. nlabrous shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high; leaflets crenate, bright green; fruit 4.5 to 7 mm. long, black or reddish. “ Tea” (Porto Rico). 8. Amyris thyrsiflora Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31°: 475, 1858, Veracruz. Glabrous shrub or tree; leaflets crenate or entire, coriaceous, lustrous; flowers white, fragrant. 6. ERYTHROCHITON Nees & Mart. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 11: 151. 1823. 1. Erythrochiton lindeni (Baill.) Hemsl, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 166. 1879. Toxosiphon lindeni Baill, Adansonia 10: 312. 1872. Tabasco; type from Teapa. Central America. Shrub, about 2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the leaflet 1, oval or elliptic, 10 to 35 cm. long, entire, glabrous ; flowers white, in scorpioid cymes, the sepals 2 to 4 cm. long. 7. SHAMNOSMA Torr. & Frém. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount, 313. 1845. Erect shrubs or sometimes herbs; leaves alternate, linear or reduced to scales, entire; flowers smail, racemose; fruit a 2-lobed capsule, Petals 3 to 5 nm. long; leaves present; Seeds 1.5 to 2 mm. long__1, T. texana, Petals 8 to 14 mm, long: leaves usually absent ; seeds 4 to 6 mm. long 2. T. montana. 1. Thamnosma texana (A. Gray) Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 42. 1859. Rutosma terana A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer, 2: 144. 1849, Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas (type local- ity) to Colorado and Arizona. Slender shrub, 50 em. high or less, or often herbaceous; leaves linear, 5 to 15 mm. long; flowers yellowish or purplish. 2. Thamnosma montana Torr. & Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 313. 1845. Northern Baja California and probably northern Sonora. California to Arizona and Utah; type from Nevada. Glandular shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, the branches often spinose, yellowish green; leaves 5 to 10 mm. long but early deciduous; flowers purple. “ Cor- doncillo” (Arizona), A decoction of the plant is used by the Pima and Apache Indians as a rem- edy for gonorrhoea, and in Arizona it is employed as a general tonic and blood purifier. 8. HELIETTA Tulasne, Ann. Sci, Nat. III. 7: 280. 1847, 1. Helietta parvifolia (A. Gray) Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl, 14: 66. 1882, Ptelea parvifolia A. Gray ; Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 170. 1879, Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Querétaro; type from Carrizal, Nuevo Leon. Western Texas, Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a slender trunk 15 em. in dia- meter; bark thin, dark brown, scaly; leaves opposite, persistent, digitate, the leaflets 3, obovate, 1 to 5 em. long, obtuse, usually entire, glabrous, flowers small, white, eymose; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long, with thin wings; wood hard, close- grained, orange-brown, the specific gravity about 0.88. “ Barreta” (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Texas). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 531 9. TARAVALIA Greene, Leaflets 1: 222. 1906. 1. Taravalia aptera (Parry) Greene, Leaflets 1: 222, 1906. Ptelea aptera Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 39, 1884. Ptelea nucifera Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 10: 75. 1906. Ptelea obscura Greene, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 10: 76. 1906. Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos, Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high; leaves alternate, digitate, the leaflets 3, gland-dotted, 1 to 3 em, long, obtuse or acute; flowers few, small, white; fruit nutlike, indehiscent. 10. PTELEA L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753. 1. Ptelea trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1758. Ptelea pentandra Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 88. 1825. Ptelea angustifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. 1889. Ptelea subintegra Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906. Ptelea coahuilensis Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906. Ptelea obtusata Greene, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906. Ptclea pumila Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906, Ptelea scutellata Greene, Contr, U, S. Nat. Herb. 10: 62. 1906. Ptelea cuspidata Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 62. 1906. Ptelea sancta Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 63, 1906. Ptelea glauca Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 64. 1906. Piclea acutifolia Greene & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 68. 1906. Ptelea megacarpa Rose; Greene, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 68. 1906. Ptelea laetissima Greene & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 69, 1906. Sonora to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in the United States. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter, the whole plant with a disagreeable odor; bark thin, smooth or nearly so, dark gray, reddish brown on young branches; leaves alternate, digitately 3-foliolate, the leaflets very variable in shape and size, glabrous or pubescent; flowers greenish white, cymose; fruit a samara, 1 to 2.5 cm, long; wood hard, close-grained, yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.88. “Cola de zorrillo”’ (Chihuahua). In the United States, where the plant is known as “ hop-tree” and “ wafer- ash,” the fruit has been employed as a substitute for hops. The root has a bitter, pungent, and slightly acrid but not disagreeable taste and a somewhat uromatic odor. It contains the alkaloid berberine. It has been employed as a remedy for dyspepsia and as a mild tonic. Many segregates from this species have been published besides the Mexican ones cited above. The species exhibits a large amount of variation, but it seems impossible to divide the specimens into groups by any constant character. Wilson, in the North American Flora, has recognized three species, but the key characters given for the species are obviously of little value. Of the Mexican segregates, P. pumila is the most distinct, because of its very small leaflets. 11. ZANTHOXYLUM L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753. Shrubs or trees, often armed with spines; leaves alternate, even-pinnate, odd-pinnate, or rarely unifoliolate, deciduous or persistent, the leaflets entire or crenulate; flowers small, whitish or yellowish; fruit of 1 to 5 follicles. The dried bark of two United States species, Z. americanum Mill. and Z. clava-herculis L., which are known as “ prickly ash,” is official in the U. 8. Pharmacopoeia. It contains one or more alkaloids and is used as a stimulant 532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. and, externally, as a counter irritant, especially in the treatment of chronic rheumatism, One of the Australian species is reported to be a violent con- vulsive poison, and is said to be used by the natives for poisoning fish. Leaves even-pinnate. Sepals and petals each 4 or 5_------- 19. Z. microcarpum. Sepals and petals each 3. . Follicles 4 to 4.8 mm. long, blackish; marginal glands of the leaflets obsolete. 1. Z. pringlei. Follicies 5 to 7 mm. long, brown; marginal glands of the young leaflets con- spicuous___- 2. Z. procerum. Leaves odd-pinnate. Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at apex, small, 1.5 cm. wide or narrower. Leaflets 8-------- 3. Z. liebmannianum. Leaflets 5 or more. Leaflets 25 to 61-----.--- ee 4. Z. elegantissimum. Leaflets 5 to 17. Flowers in short, often lateral spikes or spikelike racemes, Follicles 3.5 to 4 mm. broad, the stipe usually long and slender, 5. Z. fagara. Follicles 4 to 5.5 mm. broad, the stipe short and stout__6. Z. affine. Flowers usually in terminal or lateral panicles or in long slender racemes, Calyx of oblong or ovate, distinct sepals... | 7. Z. purpusii. Calyx of triangular or suborbicular lobes, persistent. Leaflets 7 to 15; follicles 5 to 7 mm. long________ 8. Z. insulare. Leaflets 5 or 7; follicles 3.5 to 4 mm. long_______ 9. Z. culantrillo. Leaflets acute or acuminate, or, if obtuse, 2.5 em. wide or larger. Sepals 4; leaflets 3 or rarely 5-------.. 10. Z. limoncello. Sepals 5; leaflets 5 or more in most of the leaves. Branches of the inflorescence corky-thickened; plants glabrous or nearly so. Seeds 4 to 5 mm. long; follicles 4.5 to 8 mm. long; leaflets abruptly short-pointed__--___- 11. Z. caribaeum, Seeds 6 to 8 mm. long; follicles 9 to 15 mm. long; leaflets usually tapering to an acuminate tip. Follicles sessile__~.---_------ ee 12. Z. nelsoni. Follicles with a slender stipelike base... 13. Z. elephantiasis. Branches of the inflorescence not corky-thickened; plants glabrous or pubescent. Sepals suborbicular, strongly imbrieute in flower____14. Z. bijugum. Sepals oblong or ovate, not strongly imbricate in flower. Leaflets glabrous___.__-__--_--_-- 15. Z. melanostictum. Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath. Calyx of distinct sepals, deciduous________ __ 16. Z. mollissimum. Calyx of united sepals, persistent. Follicles 6 to 8 mm. long; pedicels stout; leaflets 9 to 14 em. long-—— 17. Z, goldmani. Follicles 4.5 to 5.5 long; pedicels slender; leaflets 5 to 7.5 em. long__- ~~~ 18. Z. arborescens. 1. Zanthoxylum pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 26: 134. 1891. Known only from the type locality, Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosf. Tree, sometimes 13 meters high, the trunk 30 ecm. in diameter, grayish, armed with short stout spines; leaflets 4 to 10, oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5338 STANDLEY or acuminate, glabrous, entire; flowers in large dense terminal panicles; fruit with an odor of camphor. 2, Zanthoxylum procerum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz, 23: 4. 1897. Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from Santa Marfa de Dota. Nearly glabrous tree, 10 to 15 meters high, armed with spines, even on the leaf rachis; leaflets 4 to 12, oblong to elliptic, 6.5 to 17 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, lustrous, nearly entire; flowers white, in large terminal corymbs. “ Palo de ropa” (Oaxaca) ; “ lagartillo” (Costa Rica). 3. Zanthoxylum liebmannianum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 85. 1910. Fagara liebmanniana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 20. 1896, Zanthorylum. longipes Rose, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 163. 1899. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Juan del Estado, Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, unarmed or sparsely prickly ; leaflets 1 to 3 cm. long, yellowish green, crenulate; seeds black, lustrous. 4, Zanthoxylum elegantissimum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 8d. 1910. Fagara elegantissima Engl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 25, 1896. Veracruz; type from Chiconquiaco. Glabrate shrub with slender flexuous branches, armed with small prickles ; leaflets oval-oblong, 4 to 10 mm. long, entire or nearly so; flowers in large terminal panicles. 5. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Gard. & For, 3: 186. 1890. Schinus fagara L. Sp. Pl. 389. 1753. Fagara pterota L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 897. 1759. Fagara lentiscifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 165. 1809. Zanthorylum pterota H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 6: 3. 1823. ?Zanthoxrylum marginatum Sessé & Moc. Fl, Mex. ed. 2. 231, 1894. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas. :“Morida and Texas; Central America; West Indies; South America ; type from Jamaica. Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a strong odor; bark thin, gray, covered with thick corky projections, the branches armed with hooked prickles; leaf rachis broadly winged, the leaflets 5 to 18, 0.7 to 2.5 cm. long, crenulate; flowers yellowish green, dioecious ; wood yellow, very hard, com- pact, reddish brown, the specific gravity about 0.74. “Colima” (Nuevo Ledén, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Texas); “ limonecillo” (Sinaloa, Cuba); ‘“ xic-ché” (Yucatin, Maya); ‘‘ufia de gato * (Tamaulipas, Colombia) ; “palo mulato ” (Jalisco, Ramirez) ; “ tomeguin,” “ espino ” (Cuba); “espino rubial” (Porto Rico) ; “ correosa” (Texas) ; “ ufiagato” (Tamaulipas). Known in the Bahamas as “wild lime.” The young leaves are frequently tinged with bronze. A decoction of the leaves is used in domestic medicine ; that of the bark is said to be sudorific and to act as an arterial and nervous stimu- lant. The leaves and bark have a pungent and acrid flavor, and have been used as aspice. The bark is said to give a yellow dye. 6. Zanthoxylum affine H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 3. 1823. Michoacfin to Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Lake Cuitzeo, Michoacfin. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, armed with slender prickles; leaf rachis winged, the leaflets 7 to 17, 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, entire or crenulate. “ Palo mulato” (Michoacin, Ramtrez). 534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Zanthoxylum purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381. 1909, Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Densely branched, spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7,5 to 15 mm. long, crenulate. 8. Zanthoxylum insulare lose, U, S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 79, 1899. Tres Marias and Socorro islands; type from Marfa Madre Island. Jamaica ; northern South America. Glabrous shrub or tree, 4 to 18 meters high, the trunk grayish, armed with corky spines 1.5 to 8 em. long; branches usually unarmed; leaflets 1.5 to 7 em. long, coarsely crenate. 9. Zanthoxylum culantrillo H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 2. 1823, Morelos. Guatemala to Peru; type from Peru. Shrub or small tree, pubescent; leaf rachis winged, the leaflets 0.7 to 3.5 em. long, crenate or nearly entire; flowers yellowish green. 10. Zanthoxylum limoncello Planch. & Oerst.; Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 14: 312. 1872. Zanthorylum foetidum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 5: 112, 1897. Morelos. Central America; type from Volein de Chiriquf, Panama. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, armed with stout prickles; leaf rachis not winged, the leaflets 2 to 7.5 em. long, nearly glabrous; flowers greenish, with unpleasant odor. “ Limoncillo,” “ zorrillo ” (Costa Riea). 11, Zanthoxyium caribaeum Lam. Encycl. 2: 39. 1786. Zanthorylunr occidentale Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 164. 1899. Sinaloa and Tepic. West Indies and northern South America; type from Barbados. Tree, 5 to 20 meters high, the trunk spiny; leaf rachis terete, the leaflets 7 to 18, 4.5 to 12 em, long, glabrate, crenate. “ Zorrillo” (Sinaloa) ; “ espino rubial ” (Porto Rico). In the West Indies the bitter bark has been used for fevers and venereal dis- eases. The wood is said to be very durable. 12. Zanthoxylum nelsoni Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer, Fauna 14: 79, 1899. Known only from the type locality, Marfa Madre Island, Tepic. Glabrous tree, 7.5 to 20 meters high; leaf rachis terete, the leaflets 11 to 15, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, crenulate, conspicuously gland-dotted. 13. Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 193. 1837, Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Costa Rica and Panama; West Indies; type from Jamaica. Tree, 5 to 18 meters high, the trunk sometimes 50 em. in diameter; bark grayish, covered with large corky sharp-pointed cushions; branches prickly ; leaf rachis terete, often prickly, the leaflets 5 to 17, 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long; flowers greenish yellow; sapwood thick, light brown, or nearly white, the heartwood darker, tinged with yellow, hard, light, fine-grained, taking a good polish, durable in the ground. “ Ruda” (Panama) ; “ pino macho” (Santo Domingo). 14. Zanthoxylum bijugum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 86. 1910. Fagara bijuga Engl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 23. 1896. Known only from the type locality, Tlacolula, Oaxaca, Pubescent tree; leaflets 5, coriaceous, 2.5 to 6 cm. long. 15, Zanthoxylum melanostictum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 231. 1830. ?Fagara crassifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 21. 1896. Veracruz and probably elsewhere. Shrub or tree, unarmed or prickly; leaflets 3 to 7, coriaceous, 6 to 15 cm. long, entire or crenulate, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 535 16. Zanthoxylum mollissimum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull, Torrey Club 387: 86. 1910. Fagara mollissima Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 22. 1896. Known only from the type locality, Mina de Dolores. Leaflets 9 to 11, 4 to 8.5 cm. long, entire or nearly so, densely pubescent. 17. Zanthoxylum goldmani Rose; P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 195. 1911. Known only from the type locality, between Culiacin and Las Flechas, Sinaloa. Branches prickly ; leaflets 7, coriaceous, crenate, pubescent beneath. 18. Zanthoxylum arborescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 5: 112. 1897. Zanthoxrylum peninsulare T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 249. 1908. Southern Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Imala, Sinaloa. Small tree, 3 to 4 meters high, the branches unarmed or with few short prickles; leaflets 3 to 7, pubescent. 19. Zanthoxylum microcarpum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 138. 1859. Fagara microcarpa Krug & Urb.; Urban, Bot. Jahrb, Engler 21: 570. 1896. Oaxaca. Costa Rica; Lesser Antilles; South America; type from Dominica. Tree, sometimes 13 meters high, the bark covered with stout compressed prickles; leaflets 10 to 30, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 9 cm. long, acute, serrate-crenate, pubescent or glabrate; panicles terminal, 10 to 15 cm. long; follicles 1 or 2, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. FAGARA FALCIFoLIA Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 24. 1896. Type from Mirador, Veracruz. Based upon sterile specimens. ZANTHOXYLUM PENTANOME DC. Prodr, 1: 725. 1824. Described from Mexico, Referred doubtfully by Wilson to synonymy under Z. monophyllum (Lam.) P. Wilson. That, however, is not represented by herbarium specimens from Mexico. It is distinguished by 1-foliolate leaves. The name Z. pentanome has been much used in works relating to Mexican plants. Some species so named is reported to be a remedy for the “ vémito negro ” and for venereal dis- eases. It is said to be known as “ palo mulato.” 12. PILOCARPUS Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 29, 1796. The leaves of P. jaborandi Holmes and P. microphyllus Stapf, of Brazil, are official in the U. 8. Pharmacopoeia, and leaves of other species also are used. They contain two alkaloids, pilocarpine and jaborine, which are the most reli- able of diaphoretics. They are widely employed for the treatment of dropsy, pleurisy, rheumatism, Bright’s disease, and similar affections. 1. Pilocarpus longipes Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 112. 1897. Pilocarpus insularis Rose, U. 8. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 80. 1899. Tepic to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Unarmed shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves alternate, pinnate, the leaflets usually 3 or 5, oblong to obovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or retuse, entire, glabrous; flowers small, racemose ; fruit of 1 or 3 carpels, these con- spicuously ridged ; seeds large, black. Perhaps not essentially different from P. racemosus Vahl, of the West Indies. 13. ESENBECEIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 246, 1825. Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple or 1 to 5-foliolate, the leaflets gland-dotted ; flowers small, perfect, racemose or panicu- late; fruit a hard woody capsule, very rough outside. 536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves simple, the petioles not jointed. Fruit about 2 cm. broad; petioles 1 to 12 mm. long_________ 1. E. hartmanii. Fruit 3 to 4 em. broad; petioles 10 to 85 mm. long______________ 2. E. flava. Leaves compound, with 3 or 5 leaflets. Leaflets densely pubescent beneath___-_-__.__-__- 3. E. macrantha. Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so. Inflorescence racemose, few-flowered; leaves short-petiolate, the glands large and conspicuous___-_--_------ 4. E. collina. Inflorescence paniculate; leaves long-petiolate, with small inconspicuous glands. Sepals puberulent outside; flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad__5. E. pentaphylla, Sepals glabrous outside; flowers 5 to 5.5 em. brond___6. E. berlandieri. 1. Esenbeckia hartmanii Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 115, 1894. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from La Tinaja, Sonora. Shrub, 2 to 8 meters high, with thick stiff branches; leaves oblong to oval, entire, 2 to 8 cm. long, rounded or retuse at apex, pubescent beneath. 2. Esenbeckia flava T. S, Brandeg. Zoe 1: 378. 1891. Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diam- eter; leaves oblong or oval, 5 to 14 em. long, pubescent beneath; flowers white, 1.4 cm. broad; fruit covered with spinelike projections; wood yellow. “ Palo amarillo,” 3. Esenbeckia macrantha Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 111. 1897. Oaxaca and Puebla; type collected near Dominguillo, Oaxaca. Tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaflets 3, 15 to 20 em. long, obtuse or short- acuminate ; flowers white, 8 to 10 mm. broad; fruit 3 em. broad. 4, Esenbeckia collina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6:183. 1915, Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Picacho, Oaxaca. Leaflets 3, 3 to 5 em. long, rounded or retuse at apex, 5. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Gard. & For, 3: 186. 1890. Galipea pentaphylla Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 196. 1837. Yueatin, Jamaica (type locality ), Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with brownish or grayish bark; leaflets usually 5, 6 to 17 em. long; flowers yellowish white. “ Yax-hocob ” (Yucatén, Maya). The plant of Yueatain may not be distinet from EF. berlandicri, 6. Esenbeckia berlandieri Baill. Adansonia 10: 151. 1871. Esenbeckia acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 111. 1897. Esenbeckia ovata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 827, 1920. suerrero, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type from Tampico, Tamaulipas. Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, with a trunk 7 to 12 em, in diameter; leaflets 3 or 5, dark green, 4 to 17 em. long, rounded at apex. “Jopoy” (Tamaulipas, Palmer). 14. PELTOSTIGMA Walp. Repert. Bot. 5: 386, 1846. 1. Peltostigma pteleoides (Hook.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 5: 887. 1846. Pachystigma pteleoides Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 698, 699, 1844. Hidalgo and probably elsewhere, Central America; Jamaica (type locality). Tree, 5 to 8 meters high; leaves alternate, digitately 3 or 5-foliolate, the leaflets 5 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate, bright green, glabrate, entire or nearly so; flowers white, fragrant, 8 to 5.5 em, brond; fruit of 6 to 10 large hard carpels, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 537 15. CHOISYA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 4. 1823. REFERENCE: Standley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 221-224. 1914. Unarmed shrubs; leaves opposite or subopposite, persistent, digitately 3 to 13-foliolate; flowers perfect, white, in axillary cymes; fruit of 3 or 5 carpels. Leaflets 8, oblong to ovate, 5 to 80 mm. wide__------------------ 1. C. ternata. Leaflets 5 to 13, linear, 1 to 4 mm. wide. Pubescence of the pedicels of minute appressed hairs. Leaflets 8 to 138. 2. C. dumosa. Pubescence of the pedicels of slender spreading hairs. Leaflets 3 to 5, 2 to 4 mm, wide, broadest at or above the middle, the margins plane or neurly so, repand-denticulate__--------- 3. C. mollis. Leaflets usually 7 to 11, rarely 5, 1.3 mm. wide or narrower, of uniform width throughout, the margins strongly revolute, entire or nearly so. 4. C. palmeri. 1. Choisya ternata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 6. 1823. Juliania caryophillata Llave & Lex. Nov, Veg. Descr. 2: 4, 1825. Puebla and Oaxaca; reported from San Luis Potos! and the Valley of Mexico; often cultivated in gardens. Aromatic shrub; leaflets 2 to 8 em. long, rounded or emarginate at apex, entire, glabrate; petals white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. ‘“ Hierba del clavo” (Oaxaca, San Luis Potosf, Valley of Mexico); “ flor del clavo” (Valley of Mexico, Ramirez) ; “ clavillo,” “clavo de olor ” (Conzatti). The infusion of the plant is reputed to have antispasmodic properties. 8. Choisya dumosa (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 23: 224. 1888. Astrophyllum dumosum Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2*: 161. 1854. Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from New Mexico. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches and petioles roughened with large glands; leaflets 1 to 4 cm. long; petals about 8 mm. long. “Zorrillo” (New Mexico). 3. Choisya mollis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 223. 1914. Known only from the type locality, which is not definitely known but is probably in northern Sonora. Leaflets 1.2 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex. 4, Choisya palmeri Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 234. 1914. Coabuila and Zacatecas; type from Chojo Grande, Coahuila. Leaflets 0.6 to 1.7 em. long; follicles 5 to 6 mm, long, glandular. 16. MEGASTIGMA Hook. f.; Benth & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862. 1. Megastigma galeottii Baill. Adansonia 10: 331. 1872. Fagara pumila Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 21. 1896. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from cactus plains of Oaxaca. Small straggling shrub with crooked branches; leaves alternate, pinnate, the leaflets 5 or 7, ovate to orbicular, 3 to 7 mm. long, entire; flowers white, short-racemose, the petals 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit a follicle, 2.5 to 3 mm. in diameter. 17. POLYASTER Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862. 1. Polyaster boronioides Hook. f.; Benth. & Heok. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862. 2Zanthorylum inerme Sessé & Moc. FI. Mex. ed. 2. 230. 1894. Polyaster chrenbergii Engl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 26. 1896. Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; type from Zimapaén, Hidalgo. 538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub, 2 meters high, unarmed; leaves alternate, pinnate, the rachis nar- rowly winged, the leaflets 11 to 25, oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long, minutely crenulate; flowers small, paniculate; fruit of 2 to 3 small carpels. Sessé and Mocifio give the vernacular name of Zanthorylum inerme as “ gobernadora,” t 18. DECATROPIS Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 298, 1862. 1. Decatropis bicolor (Zuce.) Radlk. Sitzungsb, Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 16: 806. 1886. Simaba bicolor Zuce. Flora 15?: Beibl. 72. 1832. Decatropis coulteri Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299, 1862. Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Hidalgo. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 7 meters high, unarmed; leaves alternate, pinnate, the leaflets 5 to 11, lanceolate, 2.5 to 10 em. long, thick, acute, green above, tomentose beneath; flowers small, white, in large terminal panicles; fruit of 2 to 5 small carpels. 69. KOEBERLINIACEAE. Junco Family, REFERENCE: Barnhart, N. Amer, FI. 25: 101-102, 1910. 1. KOEBERLINIA Zuce. Flora 15?: Beibl. 73. 1882. 1, Koeberlinia spinosa Zuce. Flora 15?: Beibl. 73. 1832, Northeastern Sonora to Tamaulipas and Hidalgo. Western Texas to southern Arizona. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 em. in diameter, the branches short, stiff, green, spine-tipped; leaves alternate, minute, scale- like, soon deciduous; flowers small, greenish, short-racemose; fruit a small berry ; wood hard, close-grained, dark brown or nearly black, its specific gravity about 1.12. Known generally in Mexico and Texas as “junco”; “abrojo” (Ochoterena) ; “corona de Cristo ” (Arizona). , The wood is resinous and burns readily, giving off a disagreeable odor. The plant is little more than a great mass of spines, and often forms impenetrable thickets. 70. SURIANACEAE. Bay-cedar Family. 1. SURIANA I. Sp. Pl. 284, 1753. 1. Suriana maritima L. Sp. Pl. 284, 1853. Yucatéin. On coastal sands and rocks, Florida, West Indies, South America, and in the Old World; type from Bermuda. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 380 em. in diameter, but usually much smaller: bark rough, irregularly fissured, brown; leaves alternate, thick, linear-spatulate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, entire, densely pubescent; flowers small, yellow, clustered; sepals 5, persistent ; petals 5, imbricate, 7 to 9 mm. long, erose at apex; fruit of small earpels, 4.5 mm. long; wood very hard and heavy, reddish brown, “ Cuabilla” (Cuba); “ gitar6én,” “temporana ” (Porto Rico). Known in the Bahamas as “ bay-cedar,” 71. SIMAROUBACEAE. Simaruba Family. REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 227-239. 1911. Shrubs or trees; leaves usually alternate, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect or unisexual, usually small; fruit a drupe, berry, capsule, or samara, the seeds usually solitary. Besides the genera here listed, Simaba cedron Planch. has been reported from Mexico, but the writer has seen no specimens. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 539 Leaves simple, sometimes reduced to scales. Leaves reduced to scales; petals 7 or 8 --- 1. HOLACANTHA, Leaves well developed; petals 4----------------------------- 2. CASTELA. Leaves pinnate. Fruit samara-like_____--------------+------------------ 8. ALVARADOA. Fruit drupaceous or baccate. Leaflets 3____-__-__--____------------------------------- 4, PICRELLA. Leaflets 5 or more in all or most of the leaves. Carpels of the fruit 1-ovulate. Stigmas distinct; leaflets usually 11 to 21______-_-- 5. SIMAROUBA. Stigmas united; leaflets usually 5--------------------- 6. QUASSIA. Carpels 2-ovulate. Carpels distinct-__----------------------------------- 7. RECCHIA., Carpels united__--------------- wee ene 8. PICRAMNIA. 1. HOLACANTHA A. Gray, Mem, Amer. Acad. II. 5: 310. 1854. 1. Holacantha emoryi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 310. 1854. Reported from northern Sonora. Southern Arizona; type collected between Tucson and the Gila River. ; Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, much branched, the branches spinose, green or brownish; leaves reduced to small scales; flowers dioecious, small, solitary or clustered; fruit of 6 to 10 small drupes. “Corona de Cristo” (Arizona). 2. CASTELA Turp. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 78. 1806. Shrubs or small trees, the branchlets spinose or spurlike; leaves small, narrow, simple, entire or nearly so; flowers small, dioecious, solitary or clustered; sepals 4, distinct or nearly so; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit of 1 or more small drupes. Leaves green beneath, the pubescence not white_____------- 1. C. peninsularis, Leaves covered beneath with a fine whitish pubescence. Petals narrowly obovate; leaves narrowly obovate_----------- 2. C, texana. Petals broadly obovate; leaves obovate or ovate. Leaves obtuse at apex_----------------------------------- 8. C. tortuosa. Leaves retuse __-__--------------------------------------7-- 4. C. retusa. 1. Castela peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. Castelaria peninsularis Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 231. 1911. Dry plains and hills:des, Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Densely branched, sp'ny shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oval or broadly obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, coriaceous ; flowers red; petals 3 mm. long; fruit about 8 mm. long. 2. Castela texana (Torr. & Gray) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. Castela nicholsoni texana Torr. & Gray, FI. N. Amer. 1: 680. 1840. Castelaria terana Small, N. Amer. FI. 25: 231, 1911. Castela salubris Boas, Beitr. Anat. Syst. Simarub. 44. 1912. Dry plains and hillsides, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and San Louis Potosi. Southwestern Texas. Densely branched shrub, 1 to 25 meters high, with stiff whitish sp nose branches; leaves 0.5 to 1.5 cm, long, obtuse; flowers bright red or purplish, about 3 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. long. “ Bisbirinda ” (Tamaulipas) ; “ amargoso”’ (Nuevo Leon, Texas); “chaparro amargoso ” (Texas). A decoction of the very bitter bark is employed in domestic medicine for fevers, intest'nal disturbances, and eczema. It has astringent and perhaps tonic properties. 540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The type of C. salubris came from Tamaulipas, and the name is doubtless to be referred here. Collections from Oaxaea and Puebla also were cited; these are probably referable to C. tortuosa. 3. Castela tortuosa Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 108, 1854. Castelaria tortuosa Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 231. 1911. Pueb!a and Oaxaca ; type from Tehuacaén, Puebla. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with crooked spiny branches; leaves 0.8 to 1.5 em, long; flowers reddish purple, 2.5 mm. long, 4. Castela retusa Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 110. 1854. Oaxaca; type from San Carlos. Very spiny shrub; leaves lustrous on the upper surface. “Amargoso,” “palo amargoso” (Reko.). The writer has seen no material of this or of C. tortuosa. The species of the genus are closely related, and it is doubtful whether all those listed above are distinct. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CASTELA LYCHNOPHOROIDES Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 111, 1854. Type from Tehuacin, Puebla. Referred doubtfully to the genus by Liebmann, 3. ALVARADOA’® Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1853: 100. 1854. 1, Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 100. 1854. Alvaradoa mexicana Liebm.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 344, 1857. Southern Chihuahua to Jalisco and Chiapas; Yueatéin and Campeche; type from Bolafios, Jalisco. Central Ainerica, West Indies, and southern Florida. Tree, 3 to 8 meters high (reported to reach a weight of 18 meters) ; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 19 to 51, oval or oblong, 1 to 2.5 em. long, finely sericeous beneath; flowers small, dioecious, green or yellowish white, in long racemes; fruit a lanceolate samara 1 to 1.5 em. long, pilose. “ Bel-ciniché,” “ xbesinic-ché ” (Yucatin, Maya); “palo de hormigas” (Yucatfin); “ plumajillo”’ (Guate- mala); “pié de gallo” (Sinaloa); “tamarindillo ” (Cuba). 4. PICRELLA Baill. Adansonia 10: 150. 1871. 1. Picrella trifoliata Baill. Adansonia 10: 150. pl. 10. 1871. Described from plants cultivated at Paris, believed to be of Mexican origin; the plant is not known otherwise. Slender shrub; leaves palmately 3-foliolate, the leaflets ovate, oval, or obovate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, entire: flowers small, perfect, in small axillary panicles. 5. SIMAROUBA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 859, 1775. 1. Simarouba glauca DC. Ann. Mus. Paris 17: 424. 1811. Yucatin. Florida, West Indies, and Central America; probably also in northern South America; type from Cuba. Tree, sometimes 30 meters high; leaves persistent, pinnate, the leaflets usually 11 to 21, oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrate, pale beneath; flowers small, green- ish, in rather large loose panicles; fruit drupaceous, oval, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, red or dark purple; wood soft, brownish, “ Xpaxakil” (Yueatin, Maya); “simaruba” (Costa Rica); “aceituno” (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama) ; ‘The genus was named in honor of Pedro de Alvarado, one of the associates of Cortés, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 541 “aceituno negrito” (Nicaragua) ; “ jucumico” (El Salvador) ; “ palo blanco” (Cuba). In Costa Rica an infusion of the bark is used as a remedy for intermittent fevers. The fruit is edible. 6. QUASSIA L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 553. 1762. 1. Quassia amara L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 553. 1762. Native of northern South America; cultivated in Colima, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, and apparently naturalized in some localities. Small tree; leaf rachis winged, the leaflets usually 5, about 10 em. long, thin, acute or acuminate, entire; flowers perfect, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, racemose or paniculate; fruit of usually 5 drupes, these 1 to 1.5 em. long. ‘ Cuasia.” 7. RECCHIA Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 411. 1818. REFERENCE: Loesener & Solenreder, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 47: 35-62. 1905. Trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large, alternate, entire; flowers small, in terminal panicles; fruit of 1 to 3 large drupes. Leaflets 6 to 14 em. long; petals 9 mm. long_--------------- 1. R. connaroides. Leaflets 1 to 6 cm. long; petals 6.5 to 7.5 cm. long------------ 2. R. mexicana, 1. Recchia connaroides (Loes. & Solenr.) Standl. Rigiostachys connaroides Loes. & Solenr. Verh. Bot. Ver, Brand. 47: 37. 1905. Oaxaca; type from Tlacolula. Leaflets 5 or 7, puberulent beneath, 3 to 7 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex; flowers about 2 cm. broad. 2. Recchia mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 411. 1818. Rigiostachys bracteata Planch. Lond. Journ, Bot. 6: 30. 1847. Rigiostachys roureoides Loes. & Solenr. Verh. Bot. Ver, Brand. 47: 39. 1905. Recchia bractcata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 235. 1911. Colima to Oaxaca. Tree, 5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 5 to 11, obtuse or rounded at apex, some- times acutish, puberulent beneath; panicles sometimes 45 cm. long; flowers yellow, fragrant; drupes 1 to 1.5 cm. long. “ Coraz6n bonito” (Oaxaca). The wood is hard and valuable. It may be that more than one species is represented here, but the material examined by the writer appears to be conspecific. The characters which have been reported as distinguishing the species appear to be of little value. 8. PICRAMNIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 27. 1788. Trees or shrubs; leaves persistent, pinnate, the leaflets entire, opposite or alternate, petiolulate; flowers very small, dioecious, in spikelike or branched panicles; fruit baccate. Panicles branched; petals and sepals each 5. Leaflets usually 3 to 9____-----------~------------------- 1. P. polyantha. Leaflets 21 to 25_..-.-__-------------------------------- 2. P. xalapensis. Panicles simple, spikelike; petals and sepals each 8 or 4. Sepals and petals ench 4___--~---------------------------- 3. P. tetramera. Sepals and petals each 3. Leaflets 2.5 em. long or shorter__--_----------------- 4, P. pistaciaefolia. Leaflets mostly 4 to 10 cm. long. Leaflets copiously pubescent beneath at maturity_------- 5. P. andicola, Leaflets nearly glabrous beneath at maturity. Stamens included_____----------------------------- 6. P. lindeniana, Stamens exserted____------------------------------ 7. P. antidesma, 542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Picramnia polyantha (Benth.) Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 577. 1846. Rhus polyantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 60. 1840. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Villa Alta, mountains of Chinantla, Oaxaca. Slender shrub; leaflets ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 em, long, acuminate or long-acuminate, more or less pubescent beneath. 2. Picramnia xalapensis Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 577. 1846. Known only from the type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz, Leaflets narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, glabrate; petals Or 2 to 2.5 mm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3. Picramnia tetramera Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 36’: 598. 1863. Chiapas and probably elsewhere; described from southern Mexico. Leaflets 5 to 18, lanceolate, obtuse-acuminate, densely pubescent beneath; panicles longer than the leaves; fruit pubescent when young. 4. Picramnia pistaciaefolia Blake & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 218 1919. Oaxaca; type from Cafetal San Rafael, Cerro Espino, altitude 800 meters. Stender shrub; leaflets about 17, obtuse or subacuminate, sparsely pubescent beneath; panicles 15 to 20 em. long; fruit 1 em. long. “ Cascara amarga.” Used by the Indians as a remedy for syphilis, 5. Picramnia andicola Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 265. 1847. Veracruz; type from mountains of Veracruz, at an altitude of 750 meters. Slender shrub, copiously pubescent; leaflets 7 to 13, oblong, ovate-oblong, or obovate, 3 to 8.5 em. long, obtuse-acuminate; flowers reddish green. 6. Picramnia lindeniana Tulasne, Ann. Sci, Nat. III. 7: 266. 1847, Known only from the type locality, Rfo Puyatapengo, Teapa, Tabasco. Tree; leaflets 9 to 11, obliquely ovate or lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long; flowers white. 7. Picramnia antidesma Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 27, 1788. ?Picramnia teapensis Tulasne, Ann, Sci, Nat. IIT. 7: 265, 1847. Tepic to Chiapas and Tabasco. West Indies and Central America; type from Jamaica. ° Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high, glabrate; leaflets usually 7 to 138, oval to ovate-oblong, usually acuminate, bright green; flowers greenish white; fruit 1.5 cm. long, orange or red,“ Chilillo” (Chiapas, Seler); “ cfiscara amarga” (Panama), The leaves and bark are bitter, with a flavor resembling that of licorice, The bark was formerly exported to Europe, where it was used as a remedy for erysipelas and venereal diseases. In the West Indies it has been employed in domestic medicine for intermittent fevers and for gastric and intestinal affections. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, PICRAMNIA BONPLANDIANA Tulasne, Ann, Sci. Nat. III. 7: 266. 1847, Type from Jalapa, Veracruz. PICRAMNIA FESSONIA DC. Prodr. 2: 66. 1825. Described from Mexico, 72. BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family. REFERENCE: Rose, N. Amer. F). 25: 241-261. 1911. Aromatic unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, estipulate, simple, pin- nate, or bipinnate, the leaflets entire or crenate; flowers small, perfect or uni- sexual, usually paniculate; sepals 3 to 5, united below; petals as many as the STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 543 sepals and alternate with them, usually distinct; stamens twice as many as the petals, the filaments free; ovary 4 or 5-celled, the ovules usually 2 in each cell; fruit drupaceous, containing 1 to 5 stones. Petals valvate in bud; leaves pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, the leaflets large, entire. 1. ICICA. Petals imbricate; leaves variouS_------~------------------- 2. ELAPHRIUM. 1. ICICA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 337. 1775. 1. Icica copal Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 601. 1880. ? Icica leptostachya Turcz. Bull. Soc, Nat. Moscou 31’: 473. 1858. Protium copal Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 83, 1883. Icica palmeri Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 260, 1911. San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Tree; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5 or 7, 10 to 18 em. long, oblong, obtuse or rounded at apex, coriaceous, entire; flowers small, in axillary panicles. “Copal” (Veracruz). Icica heptaphylla Aubl. has been reported from Yucatéin, where it is said to be known as “copal” and “pom.” The writer has seen no specimens of the genus from that State. 2, ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 3. 1760. Shrubs or trees; leaves deciduous, simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, the leaflets entire or crenate, sometimes lobate; flowers small, solitary or in axillary panicles; fruit a small 3-angled drupe, containing a single large seed. The species all have a strong and characteristic odor resulting from the oil contained in the plants, All or most of them yield a resin, known as “ copal,” which is used in various ways, especially in domestic medicine. It is employed particularly as a cement and for varnish, and is burned by the Indians as incense in the churches and during some of their pagan celebrations. The name copal, which is of Nahuatl origin, is now applied in commerce to resins which come from Africa, the East Indies, and South America, and, indeed, most of the commercial resins known as copal come from those regions. The following vernacular names are reported for plants of the genus whose specific determination is doubtful: “ Tacamaca”; ‘ papelillo” (Durango); ‘ teco- maca;” “copalquahuitl” (Nahuatl; applied to various species) ; “‘ suchicopal ” (Colima, Veracruz, Jalisco); “ sochicopal ”” (Colima, Veracruz); “ copalxo- chitl” (Colima, Veracruz) ; “ teponaxtle,” “ teponaxtli,”’ “ teponaztli;” “ ciru- jano” (Morelos). The species are so closely related that many of the ver- nacular names are doubtless applied to more than a single one. Petiole and rachis not winged. Leaves simple or unifoliolate. Leaves crenate. Flowers solitary, nearly sessile; leaves glabrous___1. E. subtrifoliatum, Flowers paniculate, on slender pedicels; leaves pubescent. 42. E. rhoifolium. Leaves entire. Leaves lance-oblong, more than twice as long as broad; pedicels long and slender______-_------_-------------------- 2. E. cerasifolium. Leaves ovate or oval, less than twice as long as broad; pedicels short and stout______-------------+----~----------- 3. E. simplicifolium. Leaves with 3 or more leaflets. 544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaflets crenate. Leaflets 11 to 35. Leaflets 2 to 4 em. long, narrowly lanceolate_______ 4. E, multijugum., Leaflets 1 to 1.5 em, long, oblong__--__-__.-_- 5. E. karwinskii. Leaflets 3 to 7. Léaflets rounded or obtuse at apex_____________ 1. E. subtrifoliatum. Leaflets acute or acuminate. Lateral nerves of the leaflets very numerous (about 20) and promi- nent___------- 6. E. kerberi. Lateral nerves few, not conspicuous. Leaflets acuminate__.__------ =~ 7. E. lancifolium, Leaflets merely acute__-_..-_-_--__-_- 8. E. trijugum. Leaflets entire. Leaflets small, about 1 em. long__------- 9. E. schaffneri. Leaflets large, 3 to 12 cm. long or larger. Ovary and fruit pubescent__._-___.._ 10. E, grandifolium. Ovary and fruit glabrous. Leaflets densely tomentose at maturity______ 11. E. heterophyllum. Leaflets glabrous at maturity or thinly pilose or puberulent. Leaflets glaucescent beneath, with very prominent, reticulate vena- tion___-- 12. E, longipes. Leaflets green beneath, the venation not prominent. 13. E. simaruba. Petiole and rachis winged, sometimes very narrowly so. Leaves bipinnate. Leaflets large, usually 1 to 2.5 em. long. . Leaflets rounded at base__..----- 14, E. diversifolium. Leaflets acute at base_.------- 15. E. collinum. Leaflets small, most of them much less than 1 cm. leng. Leaflets coriaceous, densely pilose beneath; calyx lobes shorter than the petals _--- 16. E. gracile. Leaflets comparatively thin, glabrous or nearly so; calyx lobes equaling or longer than the petals__----- =| ae 17. E. bipinnatum. Leaves once pinnate. Leaflets entire, never tomentose. Leaflets linear, oblong, or rarely oval, 8 mm, wide or narrower, Leaflets 5 to 9. Young branches pubescent____________ 18. E. aridurs. Leaflets more than 9 in all cr most of the leaves. Leaflets linear-oblong to oval______-.. 19, E. microphyllum. Leaflets narrowly linear_____-__--- 20. E. galeottianum. Leaflets lanceolate to broadly ovate or oval-elliptic, most of them more than 5 mm. wide__------ 21. E. odoratum, Leatlets crenate or serrate, or, if entire, densely tomentose. Leaflets glabrous beneath when mature, or pubescent only along the costa. Leaflets about 25, linear-lanceolate__.-9- 22. E. pring lei. Leaflets 3 to 15. Leaflets long-attenuate or long-acuminate at apex. Teeth of the leaflets very large and coarse___23. E. penicillatum. Teeth of the leaves very small and appressed. Leaflets 3 or 5 20 oe 25. E. tecomaca. Leaflets usually 7 to 15. Leaflets 7 or 9; inflorescence sessile or nearly so. 21. E. odoratum. Leaflets 11 to 15; inflorescence slender-pedunculate. 26, E, rubrum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 545 Leaflets rounded to acute at apex. Leaflets 3_____--------.------------------------- 27. E. biflorum. Leaflets 5 or more. Leaflets crenate with large coarse teeth. Base of the leaflets acute or cuneate_----- 28. E. laxiflorum. Base of the leaflets rounded or obtuse__--- 37. E. aloexylon. Leaflets with very small appressed teeth. Leaflets entire or with few distant obscure teeth. 21. E. odoratum. Leaflets finely crenate along almost the whole margin. 29. E. fagaroides. Leaflets conspicuously pubescent beneath even at maturity, on the sur- face as well as on the costa. Teeth of the leaflets small and appressed or none. Leaflets green beneath, sparsely puberulent____--- 21. E. odoratum. Leaflets white-tomentose beneath. Leaflets glabrate on the upper surface, narrowly lanceolate. 30. E. bicolor. Leaflets pilose on the upper surface, oblong-_--- 31. E. pannosum. Teeth large and coarse. Leaves at maturity thick-coriaceous, strongly bullate on the upper surface, densely pubescent on both surfaces. Leaflets 11 to 21 in all or most of the leaves____32. E. jorullense. Leaflets 5 to 9. Leaflets 1 to 1.5 cm. long_---------------- 83. E. schiedeanum. Leaflets mostly 3 to 6 cm, long__------------- 34. E. cuneatum, Leaves thin at maturity, or if thick never bullate. Fruit densely pubescent_.--------------- 35. E. submoniliforme. Fruit glabrous. Leaflets at maturity glabrous on the upper surface, often lus- trous, rarely pubescent, but then 12 mm. long or shorter. Leaflets 9 to 19, with a few irregular crenations, 36. E. filicifolium. Leaflets 5 to 9, regularly crenate. Inflorescence pubescent, short-pedunculate_37. E. aloexylon. Inflorescence glabrous, long-pedunculate. 38. E. longipedunculatum. Leaflets densely pubescent on the upper surface at maturity, usually 2 cm. long or larger. Leaflets 15 to 21_----------------------- 39. E. sessiliflorum. Leaflets 1 to 11. Leaflets long-acuminate__~-------------- 24. E. pubescens. Leaflets obtuse. Rachis conspicuously dentate_-------~-- 40. E. excelsum. Rachis entire. Flowers nearly sessile__.--------- 41. E. queretarense. Flowers slender-pedicellate__—------ 42, E. rhoifolium. 1. Elaphrium subtrifoliatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 244. 1911. Terebinthus subtrifoliatus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 122. 1906. Jalisco; type collected west of Bolafios. Low glabrous shrub with dark reddish brown branchlets; leaflets 1 or 3, ovate-rhombic, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, rounded at apex. 7808—23——3 546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Elaphrium cerasifolium (T. 8S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 244, 1911. Bursera cerasifolia T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif, Acad. II. 3: 121. 1891. Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Small tree, 4 to 8 meters high, with reddish brown branchlets; leaves bright green, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrous. 3. Elaphrium simplicifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 532. 1842. Bursera schlechtendalit Eng]. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 41, 1883. Bursera jonesit Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895. Jalisco to Chiapas. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 8 meters high, glabrous, with grayish or brownish branches ; leaves 1 to 3.5 cm. long, rounded to acutish at apex. 4. Elaphrium multijugum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248, 1911. Bursera multijuga Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 42. 1883. Colima (type locality) and perhaps elsewhere; not seen by the writer. Leaflets acute, glabrous; panicles 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; flowers greenish yel- low. ‘ Cuajiote amarillo” (Angler). 5. Elaphrium karwinskii (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. F!. 25: 248, 1911. Bursera karwinskit Engl. in DC, Monogr. Phan. 4: 43, 1883. Known only from the type locality, Toliman, Querétaro. Leaflets glabrous. 6. Elaphrium kerberi (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer, Fl, 25: 247. 1911. Bursera kerberi Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 41. 1883. Jalisco and Colima; type from Colima. Shrub or small tree; bark peeling off in thin, reddish brown sheets; leaf- lets 3, sessile, oblong-lanceolate to oval-oblong, 4 to 9 em. long, finely crenate- serrate, glabrous, usually cuspidate-acuminate. 7. Elaphrium lancifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 247. 1843. Bursera lancifolia Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 42. 1883. Known only from the type collection, perhaps from Veracruz. Leaflets 3 to 7, lanceolate, 5 to 6 cm. long, glabrous, 8. Elaphrium trijugum (Ramirez) Rose, N. Amer, Fl, 25: 248, 1911. Bursera trijuga Ramfrez, Anal, Inst. Méd. Nac, Méx. 2: 16. pl. 2. 1896. Morelos; type from Distrito de Ayala. Leaflets 7, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, glabrous. “ Cuajiote chino.” 9. Elaphrium schaffneri (S. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 245. 1911. Bursera schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 469. 1887. San Luis Potosf; type from Morales Mountains. Leaflets 3 to 7, obovate or suborbicular, glabrous. Elaphrium obovatum (Turez.) Rose? is a closely related species, if not the same as ZH. schaffneri. The type is from Orizaba. 10. Elaphrium grandifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 249, 1843. Burscra cinerea Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 43. 1883. Bursera grandifolia Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 45. 1883. Elaphrium occidentale Rose, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 246. 1911. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Tree, 3 to 9 meters high or larger, the trunk often 45 cm. in diameter, the bark purplish green, finally peeling off in papery brownish sheets; leaf- *N. Amer. Fl, 25: 245. 1911. Bursera obovata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367: 614. 1863. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 547 lets 3 to 9 (usually 5), 4 to 18 cm. long, abruptly acuminate at apex, copiously pubescent, at least beneath. “ Palo mulato” (Oaxaca) ; “ chutama” (Sinaloa). The gum which exudes from the trunk is employed for caulking boats and glueing furniture. 11. Elaphrium heterophyllum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 247. 1911. Bursera heterophylla Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 46. 1883. Known only from the type locality, Tlaquiltenango, Morelos; not seen by the writer. Leaflets 3 or 5, elliptic, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; panicles 6 to 8 cm. long. 12. Elaphrium longipes Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 246. 1911. Terebinthus longipes Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 120. 1906. Type from Matamoros, Puebla; perhaps also in Morelos. Small glabrous tree, 3 to 4 meters high, with broad flat crown; leaflets 7 to 138, long-petiolulate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, abruptly acuminate. 13. Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 246. 1911. Pistacia simaruba L. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753. Bursera gummifera L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 471. 1762. ? Elaphrium ovalifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 248. 1848. Bursera simaruba Sarg. Gard. & For. 3: 260. 1890. Terebinthus arborea Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 118. 1906. Terebinthus acuminata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. Terebinthus attenuata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909. Elaphrium subpubescens Rose, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 247. 1911. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatén, and Chiapas. Southern Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America; type from J amaica. Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter, but usually much smaller, the branches thick and spreading; bark reddish brown, smooth, peeling off in thin sheets; leaflets usually 5 or 7, 4 to 14 cm. long, variable in shape, usually acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, commonly more or less pubescent; flowers greenish or yellowish, sweet-scented; wood light brown, soft, weak, its specific gravity about 0.30. “ Palo mulato” (Tepic, Chiapas, Tabasco, Oaxaca, Veracruz); “quiote” (Sinaloa) ; “palo jiote” (Chiapas, Veracruz, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador) ; “ chacah” or “chaca” (Yuca- tin, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ piocha” (Tamaulipas) ; “ zongolica ” (Oaxaca) ; “palo colorado,” “ mulato” (Sinaloa) ; “ archipin ” ; “almicigo ” (Porto Rico, Costa Rica, Santo Domingo, Panama, Colombia) ; “jifocuabo,” “jifliciiite ” (Nicaragua) ; “jiote” (Sinaloa, Honduras, Guatemala) ; “ jifiocuave,” “ carana,” “ jifiocuavo,” “ jifiote” (Costa Rica) ; “almacigo encarnado” (Porto Rico) ; “ jicote,” “ chino,” “ chinacahuite ” (Guatemala) ; “cop6n” (Honduras) ; “ almf- cigo blanco” (Cuba, Santo Domingo) ; “ almiicigo colorado,” “almacigo ama- rillo,” “cachiba” (Cuba); “indio desnudo,” “ pellejo de indio” (Guiana) ; “palo chino” (Guatemala, Honduras). The branches take root easily when placed in the ground, and the tree is often planted for shade or to form hedges. The wood, which has a strong characteristic odor, is not very durable, but it is employed for fence posts and canoes, and is burned for charcoal. From the branches a brownish gum exudes, which is often used as a substitute for glue and as a cement for mending broken china and glass. The gum is known in Costa Rica as “ elequeme ” and “tacamahaca.” The Caribs employed it for painting their canoes to preserve them from the attacks of worms. The tree is much used in domestic medicine, the gum and sometimes the leaves being the parts employed. Diaphoretic, purgative, diuretic, and expectorant properties are attributed to it, and it is 548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. employed for dysentery, dropsy, venereal diseases, yellow fever, and other affections. In Florida the tree is known as “ gumbolimbo,” a name used also by the Jamaican negroes, an apparent corruption of ‘ goma elemi,” the name some- times given by the Spaniards to the gum.’ The fruit is eaten by birds and pigs. Yor an ‘illustration of Hlaphrium simaruba see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 27, 14, Elaphrium diversifolium Rose, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 248, 1911, Bursera diversifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 113, 1897. 4 Chiapas; type collected between Ocuilapa and Tuxtla. , Tree, 3.5 to 7.5 meters high, copiously pubescent; leaflets 9 to 13, the lower oues pinnate, or the leaves often simply pinnate. 15. Elaphrium collinum (T. 8S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248. 1911. Bursera collina T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 204. 1905. Known only from the type locality, Cofradfa, Sinaloa. Leaves copiously pubescent. 16. Elaphrium gracile (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249, 1911, Bursera gracilis Engl, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 50, 1883. Jalisco to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Xochiculco, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Tree, sometimes 9 meters high; flewers greenish white; fruit green or brownish red. “Copal santo,” “copal chino colorado,” “incienso del pais” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “copal” (Guatemala). It is not certain that this is specifically distinct from the next species. 17. Elaphrium bipinnatum (DC.) Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 631. 1848. Amyris bipinnata DC. Prodr, 2: 82, 1825. Bursera bipinnata Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 49. 1883. Sinaloa and southern Chihuahua to Guerrero and Morelos. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 50 em. in diam- eter; leaves fernlike, with very numerous small leaflets. ‘“ Jabcencillo” (Chi- huahua); “copal chino,” “copal amargo” (Michoacin); “copal amargoso ” (Guerrero, Ramirez); “incienso del pais,” “ tetlate,” “ tetlatfa”’ (Morelos, Ramirez); “tetlatifan,” “tetlatin” (Ramirez); “copal amargo” (Conzatti) ; “palo copal” (Sinaloa) ; “ cuajiote colorado” (Villada), The resin is employed in Sinaloa for treating wounds. 18. Elaphrium aridum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249. 1911. Terebinthus arida Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 118. 1906. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, dry hills about Tehuacfn, Puebla. Low shrub; leaflets green, 4 to 6 mm. long, rounded at apex, glabrous or nearly so. 18. Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911. Bursera microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 155. 1861. Bursera morelensis Ramirez, Anal, Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 2: 17. 1896. Terebinthus multifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 120. 1906. Dry plains and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California to Zacatecas, Morelos, and Puebla; type from Baja California. Southern Arizona. Shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with reddish branches; leaflets usually 11 to 35, obtuse, glabrous. ‘ Torote” (Sonora, Baja California) ; “torote blanco” (Sonora); “copal” (Baja California) ; “ cuajiote colorado ” (Morelos). 1See W. E. Safford, Natural history of Paradise Key and the near-by Ever- glades of Florida, Smithson. Rep. 1917: 377-434. pl. 1-64. 1920. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 549 The bark is used for tanning and dyeing, and has been exported for that purpose from Baja California. The Indians of Sonora are said to use the branches for basketry. An infusion of the bark or gum is a popular remedy for venereal diseases. It may be that more than one species should be recognized here, but the characters that have been cited as distinguishing the three species here com- bined do not hold for the material examined by the writer. 20. Elaphrium galeottianum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249. 1911. Bursera galeottiana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 47. 1883. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacin, Puebla. Small tree; leaflets 13 to 25, glabrous. ‘“ Cuajiote colorado ” (Oaxaca, Villada). Very closely related to L. microphyllum, and perhaps only a form of it. The leaflets, however, are narrower, and the pubescence usually more abundant. 21. Elaphrium odoratum (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911. Bursera odorata T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 138. 1889. Bursera tenuifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895, Bursera aptera Ramfrez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx, 2: 16. 1896. Bursera purpusii T, S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 249. 1908. Elaphrium covillei Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911. Elaphrium confusum Rose, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 251. 1911. Elaphrium brachypodum Rose, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 253. 1911. Sonora and Baja California to Morelos and Puebla; type from San Gregorio, Baja California. Shrub or small tree; bark yellow, peeling off in thin papery sheets; leaflets 5 to 11, 1 to 3.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, entire or obscurely crenu- late, usually glabrous but sometimes sparsely pubescent beneath. ‘ Cuajiote verde” (Morelos); “torote” (Baja California, Sinaloa) ; “chutama” (Sina- loa). The gum is applied to cure scorpion stings, insect bites, and other wounds. It is yellowish, brown, or almost black, odorless, acrid, and bitter, and is reputed to have expectorant and drastic purgative properties. It is used also for mending broken dishes. The bark is employed for tanning hides. The species is a variable one, the leaves varying greatly upon the same plant. All the names listed above refer to very closely related forms, which it seems impossible to separate by any constant character. For an illustration of a tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 115. This is probably the species figured by Hernféindez and described’ in a chapter entitled “De Cuitlacopalli seu Stercore Copallis, Copallifera VI.” 22. Elaphrium pringlei (S. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer, Il, 25: 252. 1911. Bursera pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 145, 1890. Jalisco; type from bluffs of the Rio Grande de Santiago, near Guadalajara. Small tree; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, dark green above, pale beneath; flowers purplish. “ Cuajiote colorado.” 23. Elaphrium penicillatum DC. Prodr. 1: 724. 1824. Bursera graveolens pilesa Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 49, 1883. Bursera penicillata Engl. in DC, Monogr. Phan, 4: 52, 1883. Elaphrium pilosum Rose, N. Amer, Fl, 25: 251. 1911. Southern Chihuahua and Sinaloa to Jalisco. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets 7 to 15, thin, 4 to 8 cm. long. 1Thesaurus 48. 1651. 550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 24. Elaphrium pubescens Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 527. 1842. Yucatin and Campeche; type from Campeche. Tree, about 15 meters high; leaflets usually 7, 3 to 5 em. long. ‘“ Nabanché” (Yucatan). Said to be cultivated in Yucatéin and possibly an introduced species; very closely related to Elaphrium graveolens H. B. K. (as which it has been re- ported from Yucatin) of South America. 25. Elaphrium tecomaca (DC) Standl. Amyris tecomaca DC. Prodr. 2: 82, 1825. Bursera fragilis 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 422. 1886. Amyris sylvatica Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 93. 1894. Not A. sylvatica Jacq. 1763. Sinaloa and southern Chihuahua. Type (according to Sessé and Mocifio) from mountains near Mazatlan (Guerrero?). Tree, 3 to 5 meters high, glabrous, the trunk 5 to 8 em. in diameter ; leaflets 3 or 5, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 6 em. long, finely crenate-serrate. “Torote” (Chihuahua). Sessé and Mociifio give the vernacular name as “tacamahaca,” and state that the gum was used for healing wounds. 26. Elaphrium rubrum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 252. 1911. Terebinthus rubra Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 121. 1906. Sonora and Sinaloa; type collected near Colomas, Sinaloa. Shrub or small tree; leaflets 2 to 4 cm. long, bright green, glabrous. 27. Elaphrium biflorum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 253. 1911. Terebinthus biflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 119. 1906. Puebla; type from Tehuacin. Shrub or tree, 2 to 5 meters high, with short branches; leaflets 1 to 3 cm. long, glabrate, crenate. 28. Elaphrium laxiflorum (S. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer, Fl, 25: 253. 1911. Bursera laxiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad, 24: 44, 1889. Dry hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub or small tree with reddish brown branches; leaflets 5 to 9, most of them less than 1 cm. long, very coarsely crenate or rarely entire. ‘“Copal” (Sonora, Sinaloa) ; “torote prieto” (Sonora). 29. Elaphrium fagaroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 7: 27. pl. 611, 1824. Bursera fagaroides Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 4: 48. 1883. Durango to Puebla; type from Querétaro. Tree with brown branches; leaflets usually 5 or 7 and 1 to 2 em. long. “Cuajiote amarillo” (Morelos, Urbina) ; “cuajiote colorado” (San Luis Potosf, Ramirez). 30. Elaphrium bicolor Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 625, 1843. Bursera bicolor Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 53, 1883. Morelos; type from Real de Cuautla. Small tree with rounded crown; leaflets 9 to 19, 3.5 to 8 em. long, densely white-tomentose beneath; panicles lax, 10 to 20 cm. long. 31. Elaphrium pannosum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254, 1911. Bursera pannosa Hngl. in DC, Monogr, Phan. 4: 54. 1883. Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz; not seen by the writer, Leaflets 9, acute, 1.5 to 2 em. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 551 32. Elaphrium jorullense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. pl. 612, 1824. Elaphrium lanuginosum H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7:31. 1824. Bursera jorullensis Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1883. Bursera palmeri glabrescens 8. Wats. Proce, Amer. Acad. 25: 145, 1890. Bursera glabrescens Rose, Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895. Durango to Puebla and Guerrero; type from Jorullo, Michoacfn. Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with brown bark; leaflets 2 to 4 cm. long, densely pubescent, strongly rugose. “ Copal” (Morelos, Urbina) ; “ eopal blanco,” “ copal de penca”’ ( Morelos, Ramirez) ; “ copal santo” (Morelos, Michoacin, Ramirez) ; “ngedni,” “ngidi” (Otomf) ; “copalli,” “ goma de limén,” “ elemt de México” (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana) ; copalquahuitl ” (Nahuatl). The copal or resin of this tree is reddish and burns readily. It is usually gathered in September and October from incisions in the trunk, the juice being collected on maguey leaves, hence the name of “ copal de penca.” Dissolved in turpentine the resin gives a transparent and very glossy varnish. The copal is used in Mexico as a substitute for gum elemi. It is employed in treating uterine diseases and in making ointments, and smoke from it is inhaled as a remedy for headache. This may be the species figured by Hernandez and described* in a chapter headed “De Copalliquahuit] Patlahoac, seu Arbore Copalli latifolia, Copal- lifera II.” 33. Elaphrium schiedeanum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 256, 1911. Bursera schicdeana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1885. Known only from the type locality, Cuautla, Morelos; not seen by the writer. Leaflets 7 or 9, pubescent on both surfaces. 34, Elaphrium cuneatum Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 629. 1848. Bursera cuneata Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 56. 1883. Guanajuato, Mexico, and Guerrero; type from Tlamixtlahuaca, Guerrero. Leaflets 7 or 9, oblong or lance-oblong, very rugose, densely pubescent beneath. 35. Elaphrium submoniliforme (Engl.) Marchand; Rose, N. Amer. Fl 25: 255. 1911. Bursera submoniliformis Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 55. 1883. Oaxaca; type from Rio Vueltas. Leaflets 7 to 13, oblong or oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent. 36. Elaphrium filicifolium (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911. Bursera filicifolia T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 248. 1908. Sonora and Baja California; type from Rancho Colorado, Baja California. Small tree with brownish branches; leaflets usually 1 cm. long or shorter, bright green. 37. Elaphrium aloexylon Schiede, Linnaea 17: 252. 1843. Bursera aloerylon Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 52. 1883. Bursera nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895. Morelos, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Real de Cuautla, Morelos. Shrub or small tree; leaflets usually 7 or 9, 1 to 2 em. long or sometimes larger, pubescent when young but often glabrate in age. The following vernacu- lar names are reported, but it is uncertain whether they belong exclusively, or at all, to this species: “‘ Linaloé,” “ inanué,” “linalué,” “ xochicopal”; “ cua- jiote colorado” (Oaxaca, Villada). By distillation there is obtained from the wood or fruit an oil which is used in the manufacture of perfumes. The wood, which is yellow and very fragrant, ig said to have been exported to England. 1Thesaurus 46. 1651. 552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. This is probably the species figured by Hernindez and described’ in a chapter entitled “ De Copalli Quahuitl, seu Arbore Gummifera Copallifera I.” E. glabrifolium H. B. K." described from Michoacin, may be the same species. 38. Elaphrium longipedunculatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Almoloyas, Oaxaca. Tree with reddisF tranches; leaflets 5 or 7, densely pubescent or glabrate, 1.5 to 4 em. long. 39. Elaphrium sessiliflorum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911. Bursera sessilifiora Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 55. 1883. Bursera asplenifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 382. 1909. Puebla and Oaxaca. Leaflets 15 to 21, 3 to 7 cm. long, densely pubescent. 40. Elaphrium excelsum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 30. 1824. Bursera excelsa Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1883. Bursera palmeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 402. 1887. Durango and Sinaloa to Chiapas; type collected between Acapulco and Pl Exido, Guerrero. Guatemala. Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, with reddish bark; leaflets 5 to 9, 2.5 to i em. long, coarsely crenate, densely pubescent. “ Sisiote ” (Guanajuato) ; “copal- quin” (Durango) ; “copal” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Guatemala). 41. Elaphrium queretarense Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911. Querétaro; type collected near the city of Querétaro. Tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets 7 to 9, 1 to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent. Probably only a form of FE. excelsum, 42. Elaphrium rhoifolium Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844, Elaphrium hindsianum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 11. 1844, Terebinthus macdougalii Rose, Torreya 6: 170. 1906, Hlephrium epinnatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 243, 1911. Elaphrium goldmani Rose, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 256. 1911. Baja California, the type from Magdalena Bay; a closely related plant, per- haps of the same species, occurs in Puebla. Shrub or small tree, 7.5 meters high or less, with reddish brown branches; leaves simple or pinnately 3 or 5-foliolate, copiously pubescent. ‘“ Copal.” The bark is used locally for tanning. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. BURSERA DELPECHIANA Poisson; Engl. in DC, Monogr, Phan, 4:53. 1883. Type from Mexico. BURSERA MEXICANA Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 51. 1883. Type from San Luis Potosf, ELAPHRIUM ARIENSE H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 31. 1824. Type from Michoacfin. ELAPHRIUM COPALLIFERUM DC. Prodr. 1: 724. 1824. Type from Mexico. Icroa SERRATA DC, Prodr. 2: 77. 1825. Type from Mexico. *Thesaurus 45. 1651. * Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28, 1824. STANDLEY-——TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 553 73, MELIACEAE. Chinaberry Family. (Contributed by 8. F. Blake.) Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, estipulate, usually pinnate; flowers regular, hermaphrodite (in ours); calyx 4 or 5-lobed or parted; petals 4 or 5, free or adnate to the disk; stamens 5, 8, or 10, usually united into a tube (free in Cedrela) ; disk annular or stipitiform, sometimes elongate; ovary free, 2 to 5-celled: ovules usually 2, sometimes 1 or 12; style simple; stigma disk-shaped or pyramidate; fruit capsular, rarely drupaceous. Filaments united at least to middle. Leaves bipinnate; fruit drupaceous__--------------------------- 1. MELIA, Leaves once pinnate; fruit a capsule, Anthers borne on apex of the staminal tube or of its lobes. 2. TRICHILIA. Anthers borne inside the apex of the staminal tube. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell; seeds not winged__----------- 3. GUAREA. Ovules 12 in each cell; seeds winged_----------------- 4. SWIETENIA. Filaments free___-------------------------------------------- 5. CEDRELA. 1. MELIA L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753. REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 450-459. 1878. 1. Melia azedarach L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753. Melia azedarach a glabrior C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 1: 452. 1878. Escaped from cultivation throughout Mexico. Native of the Old World; escaped from cultivation from the southwestern United States southward. Tree, up to 15 meters high; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets toothed ; flowers panicled, pink or lilac, sweet-scented; sepals 5; petals 5; filaments united into a tube, this 20-toothed at apex; anthers 10, sessile inside the apex of the tube ; fruit a 4-sceded translucent drupe. “ Parafso * (Michoacin, Yucatéin, Vera- cruz, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay, Philippines, Colombio, Cuba, Guatemala); “ piocha ” (Oaxaca); “canelo” (Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potos{) ; ‘ parafso morado ” (Herrera); “lila” (Chihuahua, Santo Domingo) ; ‘‘paraguas chino” (Chihuahua) ; “lila de las Indias,” “lila de China” (Nuevo Farm. Mez.); “ jacinto” (Panama); “ lilaila,’ ‘ pasilla ” (Porto Rico) ; “arbol de quitasol ” (Cuba). The chinaberry (known also as china-tree, pride of India, and umbrella-tree) is much planted in Mexican parks and gardens. It grows very rapidly, but the trees do not last long and the branches are easily broken off. Both flowers and fruit are borne in great profusion, and the yellowish fruits hang on the tree a long time. The wood is soft and weak. The large seeds are sometimes used as beads, and oil has been extracted from them. The bark contains a bitter principle, mangrovin. The roots have a bitter, nauseous taste; they have been widely used as an anthelmintic but their effi- cacy is doubtful. The leaves are reported to have emetic properties, and they have been employed as a febrifuge and as a remedy for hysteria. The fruit is eaten by cattle, but it is generally reputed to be poisonous to human beings. The bark is said to be used in some regions for stupefying fish. In the southern United States there is a belief that if horses eat the fruits they will be pro- tected against attacks of bots. It is said also that the berries packed with dried fruit will prevent the attacks of insects and that if laid among clothes they will keep away moths. A decoction of the fruits sprinkled over growing plants is reported to guard them from injury by cutworms and other insects. The specific name azedarach is of Arabic origin. For an illustration of the chinaberry see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 45. 554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2, TRICHILIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1020. 1759. RereksENce: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 646-713. 1878. Leaves abruptly pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate; panicles axillary, rarely termi- nal; calyx 4 or 5-toothed or lobed, rarely 5-sepaled; petals 4 or 5, rarely 3; filaments connate below or to apex into a tube, the anthers borne at apex of the tube or of the lobes; ovary 2 to 4-celled, the ovules 1 or 2, superposed or collateral; capsule usually 3-valved and 3-seeded; seeds arillate. Filaments connate nearly or quite to apex into a denticulate tube. Ovary glabrous__-------_--- 1. TT. havanensis, Ovary pubescent_----------- 2. T. oligantha. Filaments connate for two-thirds their length or less. Leaflets 3_---------------ee ee 3. T. parvifolia. Leaflets more than 3. Anthers pubescent. Petals densely puberulous or tomentose outside; leaflets very densely and softly fulvescent-pilosulous beneath along nerves or over whole surface _—_- 4. T. cuneata, Petals sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaflets sparsely puberulous to pilose chiefly along the veins beneath. Leaflets 8, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 14 cm. long, 5.7 cm. wide; petals sparsely puberulous__..____--_---_-_-- 5. T. oaxacana. Leaflets 11 to 21, lanceolate to elliptic, the larger 5 to 8 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide; petals glabrous or sparsely pubescent above. Disk about equaling the ovary_____.__. 6. T. karwinskyana. Disk much shorter than ovary__--_--____.. 7. T. hirta. Anthers glabrous. Petals densely tomentose-puberulous outside; panicles terminal, corymbed. 8. T. arborea. Petals glabrous outside; panicles axillary. Petals 5 to 6 mm. long. Panicle half to two-thirds as long as the leaves; free portion of filaments sparsely pilose within.__.._____- 9. T. pringlei, Panicle equaling the leaves; free portion of filaments densely hir- sute within__-_--_--- 10. T. pavoniana, Petals 4 mm. long. Calyx teeth obtuse or rounded ; ovules 2, superposed_11. T. colimana. Calyx teeth acute; ovules 2, collateral___..______ 12. T. wawrana, 1. Trichilia havanensis Jacq. Enum. Pl, Carib. 20. 1760. Trichilia havanensis B lanceolata C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 1: 677. 1878, Trichilia havanensis var. spathulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 314. 1895. Tamaulipas to Sinaloa and Oaxaca. Central America and West Indies; type from Cuba. Shrub or small tree; leaflets 3 to 9, obovate or cuneate-obovate, 3.5 to 15 cm. long, essentially glabrous, usually subcoriaceous; panicles umbelliform, dense, usually about 1.5 em. long; petals glabrous, 3 mm. long; anthers, ovary, and style glabrous. “Limoncillo” (Oaxaca, Honduras); “ cucharillo,” “estribillo” (Tamaulipas) ; “ uruea ” (Costa Rica) ; “ garrapatilla ” (Colima) ; “cauache” (Sinaloa) ; “ barre-horno ” (21 Salvador) ; “siguaraya” (Cuba). The wood is used in Mexico for making spoons and other small articles, The cream-colored sweet-scented flowers are much visited by bees. In Costa Rica the branches are employed for decorating the interiors of houses and churches. The leaves and fruit are reputed to be poisonous. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 555 2. Trichilia oligantha C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 6938. 1878. Mexico, without locality. Branchlets villosulous; leaflets 9, the blades lance-oblong, the larger 10 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, short-cuspidate, glabrous above except on costa, beneath softly pubescent; panicles branched, few-flowered, densely hirtellous; calyx teeth 4, acute; petals glabrous, 2 mm. long; anthers glabrous. 3. Trichilia parvifolia C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 159. 1907. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Veracruz; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Nicaragua. Shrub, up to 4 meters high; leaflets obovate or cuneate-obovate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, emarginate, usually thick, sparsely hairy on the veins and in the axils beneath, or subglabrous; panicles axillary, 1 cm. long or less; petals 5, glabrous, 3 mm, long; anthers glabrous; ovary and style hirsute; capsule about 6 mm. thick, pubescent, 3-seeded ; seeds 4 mm. long. This species is closely related to T. trifolia L., of Venezuela, and may not be distinct. 4. Trichilia cuneata Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad, Miinchen 9: 642. 1879. Trichilia heydeana C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 3. 1894. Chiapas. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Guatemala. Middle-sized tree; leaflets 7 to 11, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to short-pointed ; panicles dense, 7 to 20 cm. long, densely fulvescent-pilosulous; calyx deeply 5-toothed, the teeth acute; petals 3.2 mm. long. 5. Trichilia oaxacana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 58. 1918. Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Department Pochutla, Oaxaca. Leaflets 8, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 14 cm. long, 5.7 cm. wide, obtusely acuminate, sparsely puberulous on the veins beneath; panicle 16 cm. long, on a peduncle 11 cm. long; calyx 1 mm. long, the 5 teeth acute; petals 3.5 mm. long; anthers pilose on margin; style sparsely pilose. 6. Trichilia karwinskyana C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 663. 1878. Known only from the type locality, Papantla, Veracruz. Leafiets 13 to 15, the blades lanceolate, 7 em. long, 2.5 cm. wide, mem- branaceous, long-cuspidate, appressed-pilosulous on costa above and on nerves beneath; panicles exceeding the petioles, densely hirtellous, the flowers crowded; petals glabrous, acute, 4 mm. long. ”. Trichilia hirta L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1020. 1759. Trichilia spondioides Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 20. 1760. Trichilia schiedeana var. purpusit T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 274, 1912. General nearly throughout Mexico. Central and South America; West Indies; type from Jamaica. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 20 meters high; leaflets 11 to 21, the blades lance- ovate or elliptic, 2.5 to 8 em. long, pilose along the veins, especially beneath, or glabrescent; panicles 3 to 13 cm. long; petals 4 mm. long, sparsely pubes- cent dorsally or subglabrous; capsules essentially glabrous, about 15 mm. thick; seeds 3, subglobose, 6 mm. thick. ‘Garbancillo” (Sonora) ; “ xkulinsis ” (Yucatin) ; “cabo de hacha” (Oaxaca, Cuba, Porto Rico) ; “ mata-piojo ” (Nicaragua) ; “ jubabén,” “ guabéin ” (Cuba) ; “ guaita,” “ jobillo,” “ molinillo,” “palo de Anastasio,” “ retamo ” (Porto Rico). 556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, The compact, yellowish or brownish wood is used for carpentry and for making canoes, carts, and other articles. The root is said to have strong purgative properties. 8. Trichilia arborea C. DC. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 426, 1905. Yucatéin, Costa Rica and Nicaragua; type from Nicoya, Costa Rica, Tree, 15 to 20 meters high; leaflets 11, ovate to oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. long, glabrate or puberulous above, short-pubescent on veins and surface beneath; panicles several, short, corymbed at apex of branches; petals 4.8 mm. long; style pubescent. ‘ Choben-ché ” (Yucatfin, Maya). This has been reported from Yucatéin as 7. terminalis Jacq. The bark is used there as a remedy for fevers. 9. Trichilia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. 1903. Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos. Shrub or tree, 4 to 9 meters high; leaflets 15, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent on’ both sides at maturity, obtusely acuminate; panicles (including peduncle) 15 to 20 cm. long, much shorter than leaves; petals glabrous, 5 to 5.8 mm. long; style glabrous; capsule densely fulvescent-pubescent, about 17 mm. thick, 10, Trichilia pavoniana C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 154, 1907. Mexico, without locality. Leaflets 13, elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long, obtusely short-acuminate, appressed- hirtellous above, densely so beneath; panicles about equaling the leaves; calyx teeth 5, rounded, ciliolate; petals glabrous, 6 mm. long; style glabrous, 11. Trichilia colimana ©. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 40. 1894, Trichilia langlassei* GC, DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 160. 1907. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Colima. Shrub or tree; leaflets 9 to 18, lanceolate to ovate or obovate-oval, the larger 5 to 12 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, sparsely or rather densely pilosulous or pilose on both sides, acuminate; panicles much sherter than leaves or equaling them, sparsely pilosulous ; calyx ciliolate; petals 4 or 5; capsules 1 to 1.5 em. thick, pubescent with short whitish hairs; seeds subglobose, 6 mm. thick, 12. Trichilia wawrana ©. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 666. 1878. Known only frcm the type locality, “ Passo-Majo,” Mexico. Leaflets 18 to 15, lanceolate, the larger 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, obtusely cuspidate, appressed-pilose on both sides chiefly on the veins, ciliate; panicles half as long as the leaves; calyx puberulous; style glabrous above. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. TRICHILIA PALLIDA Swartz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ, 67. 1788. This West Indian species is listed by Hemsley’ from Mexico on the authority of Grisebach, but the record is very doubtful. , TRICHILIA PALMERI C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 89. 1894. Known only from the type locality, Armeria, Colima. Petioles 1 to 2 em, long; leaflets 3, narrowly obovate or elliptic, 2.8 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, petiolulate, cbtusely acuminate or short-pointed, *Named for Eugéne Langlassé, who made a large collection of plants in 1898 and 1899 in the states of Michofican and Guerrero. A set of the plants is in the U. S. National Herbarium. * Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot, 1: 183. 1879. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 557 glabrous above, densely spreading-pilosulous on the veins beneath and sparsely so on surface; flowers unknown; capsule glabrous, about 6 mm. thick; seeds 4 mm. long. Distinguished from T'richilia parvifolia C. DC., the only other Mexican species with 3-foliolate leaves, by the shape and pubescence of the leaflets. TRICHILIA SCHIEDEANA C. DC, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 664. 1878. Closely allied to Trichilia karwinskyana C. DC, and T. hirta L. No specimens have been examined, and the status of the species is uncertain. Type from Veracruz. 3. GUAREA Allem.; L. Mant. Pl. 2: 150. 1771. REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 542-579. 1878, Leaves abruptly pinnate; panicles axillary, sometimes borne on the clder wood; calyx 4 or 5-tcothed, rarely 5-sepaled; petals 4 or 5; filaments connate into a denticulate tube, the sessile anthers borne inside the tube at apex; ovary 4 or 5-celled ; seeds usually large, pseudo-arillate by the separable inner pericarp. Guarea trichilioides L., a West Indian species which has been reported incor- rectly from Mexico, is said to have poisonous juice, which acts as a violent emetic and purgative. The following names have been reported from Mexico for plants of the genus whose specific identity is doubtful: “ Guaraguao” ; “ cedrillo cimarrén” (Tabasco) ; “ trementino ” (Tabasco). Ovary more or less pubescent. Leaflets 1 to 3 pairs; petals 4, 6 mm. long or less; ovary 4-celled, the ovules solitary. Panicles about equaling the leaves__--------------------- 1. G. rovirosae. Panicles much shorter than the leaves. Ovary densely strigose throughout; style sparsely strigose, longer than ovary_____---------------------- --------------- 2. G. chiapensis. Ovary sparsely strigose near apex, style glabrous, equaling ovary or shorter___-___----------------------------- lla, G. excelsa dubia, Leaflets 5 pairs or more; petals 5, 10 mm. long; ovary 5-celled, the cells 2-ovulate______-__------------------------------------- 3. G. chichon. Ovary glabrous. Panicles about equaling the leaves or longer. Panicles, calyx, and petals glabrous_~------~------------ 4, G. filiformis. Panicles, calyx, and petals more or less densely strigillose. Petals 6 mm. long; style about 2.5 mm. long, slender, distinctly longer than the ovary___------------------------------ 5, G. tuerckheimi. Petals 3.8 to 4 mm. long; style 1 mm. long or less, equaling or shorter than the ovary. Panicles nearly glabrous; leaflets of the larger leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate to an obtuse apex, 4 times as long as wide or more. 6. G. polyantha. Panicles rather densely strigillose; leaflets of the larger leaves oblons- obovate, obtusely short-pointed, less than 8 times as long as wide. 7. G. heterophylla. Panicles much shorter than the leaves. Petals glabrous; petioles 6 em. long---------------- 8. G. brachystachya, Petals puberulous or ciliolate; petioles 1.8 to 4.3 em. long. Petals 8.5 mm. long___--------------------------------- 9. G. obtusata. Petals 3 to 4.7 mm. long. Petals merely ciliolate-_-_-------------------------- 10. G. makrinii. Petals strigillose or pilosulous outside. Gynophore glabrous__---~------------------------- 11. G. excelsa. Gynophere puberulous__------------------------- 12. G. virescens. 558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Guarea rovirosae ©. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 145. 1907. Known only from the type locality, near Atasta, Tabasco. Leaflets lance-elliptic, 11 cm. long, acuminate; ovary sparsely pilosulous, 4-celled, the cells 1-ovulate; petals 4, pilosulous, 6 mm. long; style glabrous. 2. Guarea chiapensis Blake, Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 116, 1921. Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas. Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 10 to 16 cm. long, short-pointed, sparsely strigillose on the veins beneath, not tufted in the axils; panicles 5 cm. long; petals densely strigillose, 5.8 mm. long. 3. Guarea chichon C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Gendve 10: 147. 1907. Known only from the type locality, near Atasta, Tabasco. Leaflets oblong-elliptic, up to 23 em. long, very short-attenuate; panicles about equaling the leaves; ovary and style densely hirsute. “Chichén de montafia.” 4, Guarea filiformis C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 566. 1878. Guarea filiformis B pallida C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 566. 1878. Guarea filiformis y cinerascens C. DC. in DC. Monogr, Phan. 1: 567, 1878, Morelos and Oaxaca. Nicaragua and Peru; type from Peru. Leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 13.5 em. long, 5 cm. wide, obtusely cuspidate, glabrous; calyx teeth obtuse; petals 4 mm. long. 5. Guarea tuerckheimi C, DC.; Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 33: 250. 1902. Veracruz, Guatemala; type from Cubilquitz. Leaflets 2 to 8 pairs, obovate-oblong or oval-oblong, the larger 15 cm. long, short-acuminate with obtuse apex; panicles loose, broad, 9.5 to 25 em. long; petals sparsely strigillose above. 6. Guerea polyantha Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 117. 1921. Known only from the type locality, Acapuleo, Guerrero. Large shrub; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, those of the larger leaves 12.5 to 19 cm. long, 3 to 4.7 cm. wide, acuminate to an obtuse apex; panicles much branched, 10 to 24 cm. long; petals nearly glabrous, 3.8 mm. long; flowers with odor of honey. ‘“ Cedrillo.” 7. Guarea heterophylla Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 116. 1921, Known only from the type locality, Pinotepa, Oaxaca. Leaflets 1 to 5 pairs, those of the larger leaves 9 to 12.5 em. long, 3.8 to 5 cm. wide, obscurely and obtusely short-pointed; panicles remotely branched, 7.5 to 14 cm. long; petals strigillose above, 4 mm. long. 8. Guarea brachystachya DC. Prodr. 1: 624, 1824. Mexico (7). Leaflets ovate, subacuminate, 9 em. long or Jess; panicles spiciform, about 6 cm. long; calyx teeth 4, obtuse; petals 4. 9. Guarea obtusata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 83: 118, 1920. Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca. Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, 9 to 17 em. long, broadly rounded at apex, barbate beneath in the axils; panicles about 4 em. long; flowers very fragrant; petals 4 or 5, papillose-puberulous outside; ovary 4-celled, the ovules solitary; fruit subglobose, 2.7 em. long; seeds 1.5 cm. tong. 10. Guarea makrinii Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 57. 1918. Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca. Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 9 to 10.5 em. long, obtuse, barbate in the axils beneath; panicles 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; petals 4 mm. long. “Ocotillo blanco.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 559 11. Guarea excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 227. 1825. Tepic to Guerrero; type collected near La Venta de Acaguisotla, between Acapuleo and Zumpango, Guerrero. Tall tree; leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, elliptic-oblong to oblong, 8 to 16 cm, long, obtuse to short-pointed; panicles 6.5 cm. long or less, narrow; petals sparsely strigillose, 4 mm. long; capsules subglobose, 1.5 cm. thick, 4-seeded. Wrongly referred by Casimir De Candolle to Guarea humilis Bert., a West Indian species. 1la. Guarea excelsa dubia Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 116. 1921. Known only from the type locality, Marfa Madre Island, Tepic. Ovary sparsely strigose ; capsule strigillose. 12. Guarea virescens C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 140. 1907. Known only from the type locality, banks of the Rfo Coyaquilla, Michoacin or Guerrero. Tree, 15 meters high; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic to obovate-oblong, short- acuminate, 11 to 21 cm. long, 6 to 8.5 cm. wide; petals 4, acute, appressed- pilosulous; staminal tube appressed-pilosulous above; gynophore puberulous ; ovary 4-celled, the cells 1-ovulate. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. GUAREA GLABRESCENS (Hook. & Arn.) Blake. Sapindus glabrescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836-18490. Guarea fulva B mevicana C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 575. 1878. Mexico. Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, about 11 cm. long, beneath subvillous over whole surface when young, in age only along the veins; inflorescence paniculate ; capsule subtrigonous, searcely lobed, about 1 cm. long, often by abortion 2-celled. GuAREA Hirsuta C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 578. 1878. Described by De Candolle from “ New Spain” and listed by Hemsley, but a later collection shows it to be a South American species.’ GUAREA PALMERI Rose; C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 39. 1894. Colima; type from Manzanillo. Guatemala; El Salvador. Tree, 5 meters high ; leaflets 2 to 6 pairs, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 12 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, pilose in the axils beneath; panicles racemiform ; sepals 4, obtuse; ovary glabrous ; capsule subglobose, 4-celled, 2 em. long. 4. SWIETENIA Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 4, 1760. REFERENCES: Rolfe, Kew Bull. 1919: 201-207. 1919; Blake, Journ. Washing- ton Acad. Sci. 10: 286-297. f. 1, 2. 1920. Trees with hard and heavy, red wood: leaves abruptly pinnate or rarely odd-pinnate; flowers paniculate ; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes semicircular or deltoid ; petals 5, oval; staminal tube 10-toothed, the anthers borne inside the tube at apex; disk crenulate; ovary 5-celled; fruit a capsule, the seeds about 12 in each cell, with a terminal wing. The trees of this genus are well known under the name of mahogany, and they are highly valued for their handsome, hard, heavy wood, which is much used for making fine furniture and the interior finish of houses. It should be noted, however, that not all the mahogany of commerce is derived from species of Swietenia; indeed, some of it is obtained from trees which have no rela- tionship with the family Meliaceae. 1 Soe C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 150. 1907. 560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The first species of the genus to be described was Swictenia mahagoni Jacq., a West Indian plant which is not known to oceur in Mexico, although it has often been reported from the region. All the species are closely related and presumably have similar properties. A large amount of mahogany wood is exported from Mexico, especially from Yucatén and other coastal states (that from Yueatiin is probably S. macrophylla). The trees grow rapidly and sometimes form extensive pure stands. The wood is used locally for furniture, for canoes, and for various other purposes, A gum frequently exudes from the trunk, The bark is said to be bitter and to have astringent, tonic, and febrifuge properties. The juice of the young shoots has been employed in Cuba to heal wounds and to stop hemorrhages, The oil from the seeds (“ pepitos de zopilote”) was used by the Aztecs as a cosmetic, and is now sometimes used in making toilet soaps. The following names are or have been in use in Mexico for species of the genus: “Caoba,” “caobo” (Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatin, Oaxaca; the word probably of Carib origin) ; “cébano” (Colima, Guerrero) ; “ zopilo-zontecoma- cuahuitl” (Nahuatl, “ buzzard-head-tree,” in allusion to the fact that the fruits with their curved stalks, when hanging on the trees resemble buzzard heads, as viewed from a short distance) ; “zopilote”; “tzopilotl”; “ zopilocuahuitl ” ; “zopilotl”; “rosadillo” (Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatin); “palo zopilote” (Oaxaca, Conzatti). One of the species of Swietenia is described by Hernindez? in a chapter headed “ De Tzopilotlzonte Comatl, seu Capite Aurae.” Leaflets subsessile; seeds light brown. Leaflets 5 to 9 cm. long, 0.8 to 3 em. wide____________________ 1. S. humilis. Leaflets 8.5 to 14 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide________________ 2. S. cirrhata. Leaflets distinctly petioluled; seeds dark chestnut-brown___3. 8. macrophylla. 1. Swietenia humilis Zucc. Abh. Akad. Muench. 2: 355. pl. 7. 1835-36. Michoacfn to Chiapas; type collected near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Tree, up to 10 meters high; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic- ovate, glabrous; petals white, 5 mm, long; capsule 15 to 20 cm. long, 10 to 12 cm. thick, umbonate at apex; seeds 6 to 9 em. long. “ Cébano” (Guerrero, Michoacin, Oaxaca); “flor de venadillo” (Tepic); “caoba” (Chiapas) ; “gateado” (Oaxaca). The seeds are said to be very poisonous. The seeds of a Swietenia supposed to belong to this species are sold by Indian peddlers in Tepic and used to make a tea which is taken for pains in the chest. The wood of this species is not known to be exported in any quantity. 2. Swietenia cirrhata Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 292. f. 2,b. 1920. Sinaloa to Oaxaca, less coastal than the preceding species; type from La Salada, Michoaciin. El Salvador, Tree, up to 15 meters high; leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, usually with a long filiform twisted cusp at apex. “ Venadillo,” “caoba” (Sinaloa). The wood is much used in carpentry (Sinaloa). 3. Swietenia macrophylla King in Hook. Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1550. 1886. Tabasco and Chiapas. Honduras and Guatemala, and perhaps farther south; type supposed to be from Honduras. Tree; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, on petiolules 1.5 to 7 mm. long, the blades elliptic to oblong, 6 to 18 cm. long, 2 to 7 em. wide; petals 4 mm. long; capsule ovoid, 15 cm. long, 7.5 cm. thick, subacutely umbonate; seeds 7.5 to 10 cm. long. “Caoba ” (Guatemala, Honduras). *Thesaurus 94. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 561 Th's species, the “ Honduras mahogany,” is the most important in the genus commercially at the present time. 5. CEDRELA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 940. 1759. REFERENCES: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 735-747. 1878; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 189-191. 1899; C. De Candolle, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 168. 1907. Leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets entire; flowers panicled; calyx teeth 53 petals 5, connate below with the disk; ovary and stamens borne on a columnar disk longer than the ovary; stamens 5, the filaments free; ovary 5-celled, the cells 8 to 12-ovuled; fruit a 5-valved capsule ; seeds with a terminal wing. The species of Spanish cedar are widely distributed in Mexico. They are large trees with light coarse soft wood, which is widely employed for making cigar boxes. The wood is distinctive in appearance and has a characteristic odor. Large amounts of it are exported from Mexico, chiefly for making cigar boxes, and it has been employed locally for canoes, shingles, interior finish of houses, doors, sugar casks, rafters, and other purposes. The trees grow rapidly and sometimes form pure stands. The root bark is very bitter and has been em- ployed for treating fevers and epilepsy. A decoction of the leaves is held in the mouth to relieve toothache. A resin which exudes from the trunk is used for affections of the chest. The seeds are reputed to have vermifuge properties. The usual ‘name for these trees in Mexico is “ eedro.” The following additional names are reported, but it is impossible to decide to what species they belong: “Kuché,” “kulché” (Yucatin, Maya); “ cedro colorado” (Oaxaca, Veracruz) ; “cedro chino”; “cedro liso”; “cedro macho” (Oaxaca); “cedro de la Habana”; “calicedra”; “cedro fino” (Veracruz, Oaxaca); “cedro oloroso ” (Oaxaca) ; “ cobano” (Oaxaca) ; “ eedro hembra.” Cedrela odorata L., a West Indian species, has been reported frequently from Mexico, but is not known to occur in the region. It is to this species that Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. VII) refers, in what is probably the first account of Spanish cedar: “In Hispaniola and other islands and on the mainland there are certain trees which, because they have a pleasant odor, the Christians call cedro; in truth I do not believe they are cedars, but because the wood has a better odor than that of other trees, our carpenters have given it this name. It is an easily worked wood, good for making chests and door and window trim- mings and for other purposes, and it is a wood not much attacked by worms, for this reason some say that it is never attacked by worms, but they are much mistaken, for it has often been proved that it does suffer in this respect like other woods; although to the tongue it seems more bitter than other woods, the taste of a worm and that of a man are not the same thing.” Leaflets broadly oval to suborbicular, broadly rounded cr obtuse at apex, nearly as broad as long_____------------------------------------ 1. C. rotunda. Leaflets lanceolate to oblong, acuminate or acute, much longer than broad. Petiolules 4 mm. long or less. Leaflets very densely and _ finely canescent-pilosulous beneath, glabrous above; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long; anthers not apiculate___-2. C. discolor. Leaflets sparsely or rather densely cinereous-pilosulous or green beneath, at least the costa puberulous above; corollas 5 to 6 mm. long; anthers minutely apiculate. Leaves sparsely pilosulous beneath, chiefly on the primary and secondary yeins; capsule 2.2 to 2.5 em. long------------------ 8. C. saxatilis. Leaves rather densely pilosulous beneath, on the surface as well as the veins; capsule 3.5 to 4 em, long_----~------------- 4. C. oaxacensis. 7808—-23—4 562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Petiolules 5 to 15 mm. long. Sepals obtuse; rachis and both sides of leaflets glabrous. 5. C. angustifolia, Sepals acute or acutish; rachis and lower surface of leaflets usually pu- berulous or pilosulous. Leaflets conspicuously ciliolate. Capsule 2.5 em. long; leaflets acute at base_____________ 6. C. dugesii. Capsule 4 to 4.8 cm. long; leaflets mostly broadly rounded or sub- cordate at base__--__-_-_-- 7. C. ciliolata. Leaflets obscurely or not at all ciliolate. Anthers apiculate. Petals 8 mm, long___-__________ 8. C. mexicana. Anthers not apiculate. Petals 6 mm, long; filaments glabrous__________ 9. C. occidentalis. Petals 8 to 9 mm. long; filaments sparsely pilose__10. C. yucatana, 1. Cedrela rotunda Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc, Washington 38: 109, 1920. Known only from the type locality, vicinity of Villa Uni6én, Sinaloa. Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, 4 to 11 em. long, 4.5 to 9 em. wide. papery, glabrescent above, densely and softly griseous-pilosulous beneath; petiolules 3 to 4 mm. long; capsules 2.2 to 2.5 em. long. 2. Cedrela discolor Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 108. 1920. Known only from the type locality, San Ramon, Durango. Leaflets 8 pairs, ovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, the larger 13 to 17 em. long, 3.5 to 4.3 cm. wide, shining above; panicles large, densely flowered, the flowers subsessile rufidulous-pilosulous. 3. Cedrela saxatilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905. Morelos and Oaxaca; type collected near Cuernavaca, Morelos. Tree, 7 meters high; leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, oblong or ovate-oblong, the larger 15 cm. long, 5 to 6.3 em. wide; panicles large, with spreading or deflexed branches. 4. Cedrela oaxacensis C. DC. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 190. 1899. Cedrela montana var. mexicana C, DC, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 741, 1878. Oaxaca. Small tree; leaflets 6 or 7 pairs, oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 4.3 em. wide; panicles large, with spreading or deflexed branches; capsules 3.5 to 4 em. long. 5. Cedrela angustifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 624. 1824. Mexico, without definite locality. Reported also from Peru, but this record is very doubtful. Leaflets 8 to 10 pairs, long-petiolulate, narrowly ovate-oblong, 11.5 em. long, 2.8 cm. wide, glabrous on both sides, acute at base; panicles large; flowers subsessile; calyx teeth obtuse. 6. Cedrela dugesii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 190, 1883. Guanajuato; type from Guanajuato, Large tree; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, ovate or lance-ovate, the larger 9 to 13.5 em. long, 2.5 to 48 em. wide, caudate-attenuate. sparsely pilosulous or glabrescent and gland-dotted beneath ; petiolules 7 to 15 mm. long; panicles dense; corolla 7 mm. long. ‘“ Nogal cimarrén,” “ cedro.” 7. Cedrela ciliolata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 115. 1921. Known only from the type locality, Rincén, near Morelia, Michoacan. Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, ovate or oblong-ovate, the larger 9 to 12.5 cm. long, 3.3 to 5 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, pilosulous on the veins beneath or glabrescent; petiolules 9 to 15 mm. long. “ Nogal corriente.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 563 8. Cedrela mexicana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 1: 137. 1846. Cedrela glaziovii C. DC. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 11°: 224. pl. 65. f. J. 1878. Puebla and Tepic; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Ranging southward to Brazil. Tree ; leaflets about 8 pairs, ovate-oblong or oblong, 8 to 11 em. long, 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, somewhat puberulent beneath or glabrate; petiolules 5 to 11 mm, long; flowers 8 mm. long; capsules 2.5 to 4 cm. long. “ Cedro” (Veracruz). 9. Cedrela occidentalis C. DC. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb 5: 190. 1899. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acaponeta, Tepic. Tree, up to 20 meters high; leaflets 6 to 20 pairs, oblong, the larger 9 to 17 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, densely puberulous or glabrate beneath ; petioles mostly 7 to 10 mm. long; capsule 2.5 to 4 em. long. ‘“Cedro” (Sinaloa). 10. Cedrela yucatana Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 110. 1920. Veracruz to Yueatén; type from Mérida, Yucatan. Tree, about 12 meters high; leaflets usually 6 to 8 pairs, ovate to lance- oblong, the larger 6.5 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, incurved-puberulous be- neath on whole surface or only on the veins; petiolules 5 to 10 mm. long; capsule 3.5 cm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CEDRELA ALTERNIFOLIA (Mill) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 1. 170. 1821. Cedrus alter- nifolia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cedrus no. 8. 1768. Said to have simple cordate leaves, and probably not a member of the family. Described from Campeche. 74, MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family. REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 117-171. 1910. Shrubs or trees, often scandent; leaves usually opposite, stipulate, entire, dentate, or lobate, often with glands on the margin or lower surface; flowers usually perfect and showy, variously arranged, cleistogamous flowers often pres- ent; sepals 5, usually glanduliferous ; petals 5, clawed; stamens 5 or 10; fruit drupaceous, nutlike, capsular, or of 1 to 3 samaras. Fruit a capsule or drupe, never bristly; receptacle flat or depressed. Fruit dry, separating into 3 carpels_-------------------- 4, THRYALLIS. Fruit a fleshy drupe, not separating. Styles wich slender acute tips_------------------------ 1. BYRSONIMA. Styles with thickened, obtuse or truncate tips. Styles distinct ------------------------------------- 2. MALPIGHIA. Styles united__-------------.------------------------ 3. BUNCHOSIA. Fruit of winged samaras or nutlike, or densely bristly; receptacle usually pyramidal. Fruit densely bristly. Filaments glabrous; stigma bilobate------------- a 5. LASIOCARPUS. Filaments pubescent; stigma entire--~-----~------- 6. ECHINOPTERYS. Fruit not bristly, usually of samaras, sometimes nutlike. Samaras with lateral wings, these distinct or united. Anther-bearing stamens 3 or 5. Normal flowers with 5 fertile stamens and styles_.__?. ROSANTHUS. Normal flowers with 5 fertile stamens and 1 style, or with 3 fertile stamens and 2 or 8 styles____------------- 8. GAUDICHAUDIA. Anther-bearing stamens 10. Lateral samara wings lobed to the base---------- 9. TETRAPTERIS. Lateral wings not lobed. Stipules borne on the petiole above the base__------ 10. HIRAEA 564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Samaras with a single dorsal wing, this sometimes reduced to a keel or beak, Style 1; stamens 5 or 6. Samaras winged_-------- 12. JANUSIA. Samaras merely keeled, nutlike..3 13. ASPICARPA, Styles 3; stamens 10. . Stigmas clavate or truneate____--- 14. BANISTERIOPSIS. Stigmas borne on the dilated thin style tips. Samara wings thickened ilong the dorsal (outer) edge 15. BANISTERIA. Samara wings thickened along the ventral (inner) edge. 16. STIGMAPHYLLON. 1. BYRSONIMA L. Rich.; Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 18: 481, 1811. Byrsonima spicata (Cav.) DC. is reported from Mexico by Small, but the Writer has seen no specimens referable to it. 1. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. Prodr. 1: 579, 1824. Malpighia crassifolia L. Sp. Pl. 126. 1753. Byrsonima cotinifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 152. pl. 447. 1822. Byrsonima oaxacana Juss, Ann. Sci, Nat. IT. 13: 382. 1840. Byrsonima karwinskiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II 13: 333. 1840. Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and north- ern South America. Erect shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high; leaves oblong to ovate or rounded- elliptic, mostly 4 to 15 em. long, short-petiolate, acute to rounded at apex, densely tomentose when young with reddish or whitish hairs, often glabrate in age; flowers yellow or reddish; fruit a yellow drupe, about 1 ecm. in diameter, Most generally known as “ nance,” “nanche,” or “nanchi”"; “chi” (Yucatin, Maya); “nananche” (Alcocer); “nanche de perro,” “ nanzin- quahuitl” (Ramirez); “ changugo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “nantzinxocotl” (Urbina); “nance agrio” (Guerrero, Tabasco) ; “nancite” (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Nicaragua); “nance verde” (El Salvador); “yuco,” “ nanef,” “chaparro,” “peralejo” (Columbia). Small recoguized B. oaxracana and B. karwinskiana as distinet species, but the characters by which they are Supposed to be distinguishable seem not to hold in the material examined by the writer, The plant is much cultivated in Mexico and Central America for its acid edible fruit. This is usually eaten raw, but is sometimes cooked, and is used also for preparing a beverage similar to lemonade. In some localities it has been fermented to produce an alcoholic drink. The wood, which is said to be reddish and to have a specific gravity of about 0.67, is employed ip various ways. The bark is used for tanning and dyeing, and is said, in addi- tion, to yield a strong fiber. The plant is astringent, and various parts have. been used in domestic medicine for fevers, colds, and snake bites. 2. MALPIGHIA L. Sp. Pl. 425. 1753. Iirect shrubs or small trees: leaves opposite, entire in the Mexican species , flowers in short axillary cymes; calyx with 6 to 10 glands; petals variously dentate; fruit a drupe, usually red. Malpighia wrens L., a West Indian species, has been reported from Mexico, probably erroneously. The following vernacular names are reported for it, but it is not certain that they apply even to a plant of this genus: “Ahualt- zocotl,” “ ahualzocotlque,” “palo bronco.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 565 Leaves and branchlets tomentose, at least when young. Leaves cordate at base___~--- _a- HH (oe eee 1. M. cordata. Leaves rounded to acute at base. Cymes pedunculate; leaves conspicuously petiolate____-_- 2. M. mexicana, Cymes and leaves sessile or nearly so__---------~----- 3. M. subglabrata. Leaves and branchlets sericeous, strigose, or glabrous. Styles unequal, the 2 posterior ones longer and thicker than the anterior one. Leaves acute or acuminate; stamens opposite the lateral petals much stouter than the others and longer than those opposite the sepals. 4. M. incana. Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex; stamens opposite the lateral petals not longer than those opposite the sepals. Fruit 5 to 6 mm. wide__--_--_---_----------~--------- 5. M. umbellata. Fruit 10 to 12 mm. wide____-__--_--_------------------- 6. M. punicifolia. Styles nearly equal, or the anterior one slightly longer than the posterior ones. Leaves, at least most of them, obtuse or rounded at apex. Styles unequal, the anterior one longer than the posterior one; anterior petals longer than the posterior one_____-----~-- 7. M. heterophylla. Styles subequal; anterior petals smaller than the posterior one. Larger petals 6 to 7 mm. long_____--_________-___- 8 M. galeottiana. Larger petals 9 to 10 mm. long_____--~__-___~------ 9. M. diversifolia. Leaves acute or acuminate. Sepals barbate; calyx with 10 glands___-__-__-__-__------- 10. M.. ovata. Sepals not barbate; calyx with 6 to § glands_____--_-_-~~- 11. M. glabra, 1. Malpighia cordata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 154. 1910. Jalisco and Morelos; type from Zacoalco, Jalisco. Shrub, densely tomentose; leaves rounded-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute; larger petals 9 to 11 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. 2. Malpighia mexicana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 337. 1840. Bunchosia guadalajarensis 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 401. 1887. Malpighia oaracana Niedenzu; Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 544, 1894. Durango to Oaxaca and Morelos. Erect shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves oval to ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, usually densely tomentose beneath; flowers purple or purplish, 1.5 to 2 em. wide; fruit red, about 1 cm, in diameter. “ Nanche” (Oaxaca); “manzanito” (Jalisco). 3. Malpighia subglabrata (Niedenzu) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 154, 1910. Malpighia mexicana subglabrata Niedenzu, Gen. Malp. 4. 1889 Known only from the type locality, San Agustin. Leaves ovate, 2.5 to 7 em. long, obtuse, glabrate; fruit red, 1 cm. long. 4, Malpighia incana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Malpighia no, 3. 1768. Malpighia campechiensis Lam, Encycl, 4: 333. 1797. Yucatin and Campeche; type from Campeche. Cuba. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, pubescent, especially beneath, short-petiolate; flowers purple, 1.5 cm. wide; fruit 8 mm. in diameter. 5. Malpighia umbellata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo, Sonora. Much-branched shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves oblong or obovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, glabrate; fruit red, edible. “Mora de campo.” 566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Malpighia punicifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 609. 1762. Yucatin. West Indies and northern South America, Leaves oblong to oval, 1.5 to 7 cm. long, glabrous in age, short-petiolate; flowers pink or violet, 1.5 to 2 cm. broad; fruit red. “Cerezo,” “cerezero” (Cuba). The fruit is edible and has an agreeable flavor. In the West Indies it is much eaten, and is used for jellies and tarts. The bark is reported to yield a red dye. 7. Malpighia heterophylla Griseb. Linnaea 22: 2. 1849. Described from Mexico, the locality not known but probably in Veracruz. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 10 em. long, glabrate; corolla 1.5 em. wide. 8. Malpighia galeottiana Juss. Arch, Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 261. 1844. Puebla and Oaxaca; reported from San Luis Potosi; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves oval, oblong, or ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, short-petiolate, bright green, glabrate; flowers pink or white, 1.5 cm. wide; fruit red, 1 cm. in diameter. 9. Malpighia diversifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 104, 1901. Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high; leaves suborbicular to ovate or obovate, 2 to 4 em. Jong, glabrate in age; flowers pink, 2 em. wide; fruit red, 1 em. in diameter, edible. “‘ Manzana,” “ manzanita.” 10. Malpighia ovata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895. Bunchosia parvifolia 8. Wats. Proc, Amer. Acad. 24: 42. 1889. Not Malpighia parvifolia Juss. 1844, Malpighia watsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895. Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 6 cm. long, glabrate; flowers pink, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide; fruit red, 8 to 9 mm, long. 11. Malpighia glabra L. Sp. Pl. 425. 1753. Nuevo Le6n and Tamaulipas to Tabasco and Yucatan. Southern Texas, Cen- tral America, West Indies, and northern South America; type from Jamaica. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ovate, 2.5 to 9 em. long, glabrous or nearly so, bright green; flowers pink, 1.5 em. wide; fruit red. “ Escobillo” (Tabasco) ; ‘ manzanita” (Tamaulipas) ; “cereza” (Sessé & Mocifio) ; “chi” (Yucatin, Dondé) ; “ cerezo,” “ cerezo de Jamaica,” “ palo de gallina ” (Cuba) ; “JGpiter” (Costa Rica); “cerezo de Castilla” (Panama); “ arrayancito ” (Colombia) ; “ xocot,” “ xochtotl”” (Nicaragua). The fruit is edible, and the plant is sometimes cultivated. The bark is said to be astringent and to have been used as a remedy for fevers. 3. BUNCHOSIA L. Rich.; Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 18: 481 1811. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire, usually short-petiolate ; flowers mostly yellow, in narrow panicles; calyx with 8 or 10 glands; petals undulate or dentate; fruit a drupe. Ovary and young fruit glabrous or practically so. Leaves acute at base, glabrous; fruit 9 to 18 mm. in diameter. 1. B. glandulosa. Leaves rounded or obtuse at base, pubescent beneath, at least when young; fruit 15 to 20 mm. in diameter___.-_----- 2. B. palmeri. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 567 Ovary and young fruit copiously pubescent. Corolla large, 18 mm. broad or larger. Inner petal cordate, similar to the other petals-—---------- 3. B. strigosa. Inner petal spatulate___._------------------------------ 4. B. sonorensis. Corolla small, usually 12 to 15 mm. broad, Anther connective purple or brown_-------------------- 5. B. lindeniana. Anther connective yellow. Leaves densely pubescent beneath when mature. Leaves soon glabrate on the upper surface_---------- 6. B. biocellata. Leaves permanently and densely pubescent on the upper surface. 7. B. montana. Leaves nearly or quite glabrous when mature. Innermost petal with a broad suborbicular blade___-8. B. lanceolata, Innermost petal with a spatulate blade_--------------- 9. B. gracilis. 1. Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 581, 1824. Malpighia glandulosa Cav. Monad. Diss. 411. 1789. Yucatin. West Indies. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 3 to 10 em. long, usually acute, glabrous, bright green; flowers yellow ; fruit pilobate, 9 to 13 mm. in diameter, red or orange. “ Sipché” (Yucatin, Maya) ; “eabra hedionda ” (Santo Domingo). 2. Bunchosia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad 22: 401. 1887. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Tequila, Jalisco. Shrub or small tree; leaves mostly oval, 8 to 17 em. long, obtuse or rounded and short-acuminate, pale green. “ Garbancillo ” (Sinaloa). 3. Bunchosia strigosa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 242. 1836. Type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; no material seen by the writer. Leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrate beneath. 4. Bunchosia sonorensis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 1: 94. 1891. Dry hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves oval to oblong, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, copiously pubescent ; flowers yellow; fruit bilobate, red, 1.5 to 2 em. broad. .. Bunchosia lindeniana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 335. 1844. Veracruz. Leaves oblong to ovate, 8 to 15 cm. long, short-acuminate, bright green, short- petiolate; fruit 2 or 3-lobate, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. 6. Bunchosia biocellata Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 241. 1836. Bunchosia discolor Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 327: 266. 1859. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 3.5 meters high; leaves mostly oval or elliptic, 5 to 13 em. long, obtuse or acute, thin, bright green; flowers yellow. 7. Bunchosia montana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 340. 1844. Oaxaca; type collected near the city of Oaxaca. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly oblong or ovate, 3 to 7 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, thick, densely pubescent ; fruit bilobate, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, yellow. 8. Bunchosia lanceolata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367: 582. 1863. Bunchosia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 133. 1891. Colima (?) to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosi; type from Orizaba. 568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Slender shrub, 2 to 8 meters high, with long, often subscandent branches; leaves mostly ovate to oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, bright green, acute or acuminate, often lustrous; flowers yellow; fruit bilobate, 1.5 to 2 em, broad. “ Capulin- cillo,” “ ciruelillo,” “ zapotito de San Juan” (Veracruz, according to various authors) ; “ zapotillo de San Juan” (Oaxaca, Reko). Some of the specimens referred here have no flowers, and may belong elsewhere. 9. Bunchosia gracilis Niedenzu, Bunchos. 5. 1898. Described from Mexico. Central America. Leaves elliptic or oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, bright green, acute or acuminate. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. BUNCHOSIA CANESCENS (Ait.) DC. Prodr. 1: 582. 1824. Malpighia canescens Ait. Hort. Kew, 2: 105. 1789. Described from cultivated plants. Reported from Mexico by Small. BUNCHOSIA SESSILIFOLIA DC. Prodr. 1: 582. 1824. Described from Mexico. Probably not of this genus. 4. THRYALLIS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 554. 1762. Erect shrubs; leaves opposite, sessile or petiolate, entire; flowers usually yellow, racemose; calyx glandless or with very small glands; petals entire or dentate, persistent; fruit a small 3-lobate capsule. Ovary glabrous. Leaves sessile__---------- 1. T. sessilifolia. Leaves petiolate--__----_-_-_-----_-_ eee 2. T. glauca. Ovary pubescent. Sepals and leaves densely silky-strigose___..__... 3. T. vestita. Sepals and leaves glabrous or nearly go. Anthers about as broad as long; corolla about 1 cm. wide. 4, T. angustifolia. Anthers twice as long as broad or longer ; corolla about 2 em. wide. Calyx with glands outside at base. Glands at base of the leaf blade sessile... 5. T. palmeri. Glands of the leaf blade long-stipitate__...- 6. T. humilis. Calyx without glands. Branches glabrous; leaf glands sessile____._._ | 7. T. dasycarpa. Branches pubescent; leaf glands stipitate__________ 8. T. tuberculata. 1. Thryallis sessilifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909. Galphimia sessilifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895. Oaxaca; type from hills of Las Sedas, altitude 1,800 meters Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high: leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, glabrous, glaucescent-; flowers yellow, tinged with red, petals about 1 cm. long. 2. Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 89. 1891. Galphimia glauca Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 489. 1799. Galphiinia gracilis Bartl Linnaea 18: 552. 1839. Galphimia latifolia Bartl. Linnaea 13: 553, 1839. Galphimia grandiflora Bartl. Linnaea 13: 554, 1839. Galphinia paniculata Bartl. Linnaea 18: 556, 1839. Galphimia humboldtiana Bartl. Linnaea 13: 559, 1839. ? Galphimia multicaulis Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 327. 1840. Sonora to San Luis Potosf, Morelos, and Chiapas: type from Acfimbaro, Guanajuato. Central America; naturalized in the West Indies. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 569 Slender shrub, 0.5 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong, ovate, or oval, 1 to 6 cm. long, usually obtuse or rounded at apex, more or less glaucous; flowers yellow, large, in showy racemes. ‘“ Huachfcata,” “ nacha- cata,” “ vachficata” (Michoacin) ; “ calderona amarilla,” “ flor de diciembre ” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ramo de oro ”* (Jalisco) ; “palo del muerto” (Ja- lisco, Mexico, Urbina); “hierba del piojo” (San Luis Potosf); “ consulita,” “Iluvia de oro” (Porto Rico); “hierba del venado,” “palo de San Vicente” (Sinaloa) ; “ consulitas” (Santo Domingo). A handsome shrub, sometimes cultivated. Small recognized 7. multicaulis (Juss.) Kuntze as a valid species, said to differ from 7. glauca by its low habit and branched inflorescence. All the material examined by the writer appears to be conspecific. The leaves are used for healing wounds in Sinaloa. 3. Thryallis vestita (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909. Galphimia vestita S. Wats. Proc, Amer. Acad, 21: 421. 1886. Known only from the type locality, Hacienda San Miguel, southwestern Chihuahua. Slender shrub, about 30 cm. high; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers yellow. 4, Thryallis angustifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 89. 1891. Galphimia angustifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 9. 1844. Galphimia linifolia A. Gray, Gen, Fl, Amer. 2: 196. 1849. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas; type from Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Western Texas. Low slender shrub; leaves linear to oval, 1 to 4 cm. long, acute or obtuse; flowers yellow, becoming reddish. 5. Thryallis palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909. Galphimia glandulosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897. Not G. glandulosa Cav. 1799. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub; leaves oblong to ovate, 25 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute; flowers yellow. 6. Thryallis humilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 280. 1909. Tepic; type collected between Concepcién and Acaponeta. Low shrub; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glaucous beneath; flowers yellow. 7. Thryallis dasycarpa Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 151. 1910. Dry hillsides, Sinaloa to Michoacin; type from Rosario, Sinaloa. Shrub, sometimes 3 meters high; leaves oblong or ovate, 1 to 9.5 cm. long; flowers yellow, becoming reddish, in long racemes. 8. Thryallis tuberculata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909. Known only from the type locality, between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, short-petiolate ; flowers yellow. 5. LASIOCARPUS Liebm. Nat. For, Kjébenbavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 90. 1854. 1. Lasiocarpus salicifolius Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 91. 1854, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves opposite, linear-oblong to oval-oblong, 2 to 6 em. long, sericeous, especially beneath ; flowers small, white, short- racemose; fruit densely covered with very long slender purplish bristles. 570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. ECHINOPTERYS Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 342, 1844 Erect or scandent shrubs; leaves alternate, entire; flowers racemose, the petals dentate; fruit 3-lobate, densely birstly. Leaves petiolate, mostly ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long; bristles of the fruit slender, densely pubescent__------- 1. E. eglandulosa. Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear-oblong, mostly less than 1 em. long; bristles stout, glabrate___---_-_-_-_- wane 2. E. setosa. 1. Echinopterys eglandulosa (Juss.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 148. 1910. Bunchosia eglandulosa Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 325. 1840, Echinopterys lappula Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 342, 1844. Sonora to Zacatecas, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Slender scandent shrub; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 1 to 3 em. long; flowers yellow, the petals 6 to 10 mm. long; fruit densely bristly, purplish. 2. Echinopterys setosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ, Bot. 4: 182. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila. Densely branded shrub with white-strigose branchlets; leaves linear-oblong, 1 cm. long or shorter. 7. ROSANTHUS Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 131. 1910. 1. Rosanthus subverticillatus (Rose) Small, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 131. 1910. ? Banisteria brevipes Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 591. 1824. Gaudichaudia subverticillata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 49. 1903. Durango and Jalisco; type collected between Huejuquilla and Mexquitic, Jalisco, Erect shrub, 50 to 80 cm. high, copiously pubescent; leaves opposite or ternate, oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse and mucronate, entire; flowers yellow, the petals 7 to 11 mm. long, denticulate; fruit of 8 samaras, these 11 to 13 mm, long. 8. GAUDICHAUDIA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 156. 1822. Scandent or trailing shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, petiolate; calyx with 8 or 10 glands; petals yellow, dentate; fruit of usually 3 samaras. Samaras V-shaped, the wings distinct at apex. Anther-bearing stamens §__-_----_- 1. G. karwinskiana. Anther-bearing stamens 3. Flower clusters loose; sepal glands oval____.__._ 2. G. schiedeana. Flower clusters dense; sepal glands linear_________ | 3. G. confertiflora. Samaras orbicular or obovate, the wings extending all around the body. Anther-bearing stamens 5. Sepals less than 5mm. long; corolla less than 2 cm. broad_4. G. pentandra. Sepals over 5 mm. long; corolla more than 2 em. broad.__5. G. arnottiana. Anther-bearing stamens 3. Leaves sessile or nearly so, narrowed to the base______6. G. cynanchoides. Leaves conspicuously petiolate, more or less cordate at base. Samaras mucronate at base... 7. G. mucronata. Samaras long-caudate at base..------ 8. G. webbiana. 1. Gaudichaudia karwinskiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840. Described from Mexico, the locality not known; specimens from Jalisco may belong here. Leaves oblong-ovate or obovate, about 2.5 em. long, pubescent on both sur- faces. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 571 2. Gaudichaudia schiedeana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 591. 1844. ? Gaudichaudia albida Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 217. 1830. Triopteris sericea Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 243. 1836. Gaudichaudia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 421. 1885. Janusia mexicana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 208. 1905. Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Malpais de Naolinco, Veracruz. Central America. Slender sericeous shrub; leaves oblong to ovate or oval, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at base; petals 9 to 12 mm. long; samaras 1.5 to 2 ecm. long. 3. Gaudichaudia confertiflora Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 252. 1840. Gaudichaudia congestifiora Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 590. 1844. Reported from Aguascalientes, and probably occurring elsewhere. Leaves 2 to 5 em. long; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; samaras 1 to 1.4 cm. long. 4. Gaudichaudia pentandra Juss. Ann. Sci, Nat. II. 18: 252. 1840 Jalisco to Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Sultepec, Mexico. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 6 cm, long, densely pubescent ; petals 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; samaras 8 to 10 mm. long. 5. Gaudichaudia arnottiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840. Sinaloa to Jaiisco and Morelos; type from Jalisco. Leaves oblong to oval, 2 to 7 cm. long; petals 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long; samaras 1.4 to 1.8 em. long. 6. Gaudichaudia cynanchoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 158. pl. 445. 1822. Type from Morelia, Michoacan. Leaves oblong, 2 to 5 cm. long; petals 6 to 7 mm. long. The following vernacular names have been reported, but they probably refer to other species: ‘‘ Hierba del zorro,” “ xunequiltzio,” “ xunequiltl.” 7%. Gaudichaudia mucronata (Moc. & Sessé) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II, 18: 253. 1840, Hiraea mucronata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824. ? Hiraea oryota Moe. & Sessé; DC. Prodr, 1: 586, 1824. ? Hiraea podocarpa Moe. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824. ? Hiraea acuminata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824. Gaudichaudia filipendula Juss. Ann, Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840. Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; reported from Yucatin. Central America. ‘Leaves oblong or ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, often auriculate at base; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; samaras 8 to 10 mm. long. “ Chilillo-ak ” (Yucatan). 8. Gaudichaudia webbiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 152. 1840. Described from Mexico, the locality not known. Leaves oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; samaras 10 to 12 mm. long. . DOUBTFUL SPECIES. GAUDICHAUDIA MOLLIS Benth. Pl. Hartw. 6. 1839. Type from Aguascalientes. GAUDICHAUDIA ENRICO-MARTINEZII Barcena, Méx. Minist. Fom. Anal, 3: 149. 1878. 9. TETRAPTERIS Cav. Monad. Diss. 483. 1790. Scandent or reclining shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; calyx with 8 glands; petals yellow, entire or dentate; fruit of 3 samaras, each of these 4-winged. 572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Glands much shorter than the sepals, usually about half as long. Leaves conspicuously petiolate, rounded to acute at base____1. T. mexicana. Leaves mostly subsessile, cordate at base__._.... 2. T. nelsoni. Glands nearly or quite as long as the sepals. Lower wings of the samara much smaller than the upper ones. 3. T. acapulcensis. Lower wings alinost as large as the upper ones____________ 4. T. schiedeana. 1. Tetrapteris mexicana Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Jalisco, Shrub, scandent to a height of 6 to 8 meters; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4 to 10 em, long, acute or short-acuminate, glabrate; petals 9 to 11 mm. long. 2. Tetrapteris nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 143. 1897. Known only from the type locally, between Nopala and Mixistepee, Oaxaca. Leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute, glabrate. 8. Tetrapteris acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 168, 1822. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero, Central America and Colombia. Leaves oblong, ovate, or oval, 3 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acutish; petals 7 to & mm, long. 4. Tetrapteris schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 218. 1830. Hetcropteris yucatanensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 369. 1898. Tepic to Veracruz, Yucatén, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Cen- tral America. Scandent to a height of 6 meters or more; leaves lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 3 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate; petals 5 to 8 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. TETRAPTERIS COTONEASTER (H. B. K.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 264. 1840. Galphimia mollis H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 178. 1822. Type from Tepeco- acuileo, Guerrero. : 10. HIRAEA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760. Erect or scandent shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire, thick. short- petiolate; stipules very small, borne on the petioles; petals usually yellow, undulate or dentate; fruit of 8 samaras, with large wings. Anthers oblong; leaves acute at base.-------- 1. H. dipholiphylla. Anthers subglobose; leaves truncate or subcordate at base. Petals merely undulate; leaves nearly glabrous beneath______ 2. H. borealis. Petals denticulate; leaves usually copiously pubescent beneath. 8, H. velutina.. 1. Hiraea dipholiphylla Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 122. 1910. Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 5 to 10 em. long, acute or acuminate, bright green, sericeous when young but soon glabrate; petals yellow, 6 to 9 mm. long: samaras 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide. 2. Hiraea borealis Niedenzu, Hiraea 5. 1906. Cozumel Island, Yucatin. Type from Ruatéin Island, Honduras. Leaves oblong-obovate, oval, or oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, rounded at apex; petals yellow, 8 to 9 mm. long. 3. Hiraea velutina Niedenzu, Hiraea 6. 1906. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca. Southward to Colombia. Leaves mostly obovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, rounded or short-pointed at apex, coriaceous, sometimes glabrate in age; petals yellow, about 9 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 573 11. MASCAGNIA Bertero; Colla, Hort. Ripul. 86. 1824. Scandent, trailing, or suberect shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; calyx with usually 8 glands; petals entire, denticulate, or rarely lobate; fruit of 3 samaras ‘with large wings. Styles pubescent; petals yellow. Flowering peduncles 3 mm. long or longer; anthers ovoid__1. M.macroptera. Flowering peduncles 1 mm. long or less; anthers subglobose_-2. M. mexicana. Styles glabrous; petals not yellow. Filaments very unequal. Leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate, usually acute-_-------- 3. M, lilacina. Leaves obovate or breadly obovate, usually rounded at apex. 4. M. vacciniifolia. Filaments equal or nearly so. Flowers mostly axillary, never in terminal panicles. Leaves mostly oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5 em. long or shorter. 5. M. cana. Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, mostly 2 to 6 em. long. 6. M. seleriana. Flowers in terminal panicles. Petals undulate; glands much shorter than the sepals; leaves glabrous or nearly so____----------~-.------------------------- 7. M. gouania. Petals denticulate; glands nearly as long as the sepals; leaves soft-pub- escent on both sides___.___-_--------------------- 8. M. polybotrya. 1. Mascagnia macroptera (Moc. & Sessé) Niedenzu, Mascagn. 27. 1908. Hiraea macroptera Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586, 1824. Hiraea septentrionalis Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 259. 1840. Hiraea greggiit S. Wats. Proc, Amer, Acad. 17: 333. 1882. Hiraea mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 1: 312. 1895. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, and Sinaloa. Scandent or sometimes erect shrub; leaves lanceolate to oval, 3 to 8 em. long, rounded to acute at apex, glabrate, short-petiolate; petals 6.5 to 12 mm. long; samaras 4.5 to 5.5 em. wide, the wings erose-denticulate or undulate. “ Ga- llinita ” (Sonora, Baja California) ; ‘“‘matanene” (Baja California, Sinaloa) ; *“bejuco prieto” (Sinaloa). Leaves sometimes used as poultices for bruises and sores. 2. Mascagnia mexicana Niedenzu, Mascagn. 29. 1908. Veracruz; type collected near Orizaba. Leaves ovate or oval, 10 cm, long or less, pubescent beneath; petals yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long; samaras 3.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, 3. Mascagnia lilacina (S. Wats.) Niedenzu in Iingl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. 3°: 56. 1890. Hiraea lilacina 8S. Wats. Proc, Amer. Acad, 17: 333. 1882. Coahuila; type from Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova. Scandent to a height of 4.5 meters; leaves 2.5 to 4 cm. long, rounded or cordate at base; petals blue or lilac, 8 to 10 mm. long; samaras 2 to 2.5 cin, wide. 4, Mascagnia vacciniifolia Niedenzu, Mascagn, 11. 1908. Mascagnia rupicoia T. 8S. Brandeg. Uniy, Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 501. 1919. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Scandent on rocks to a height of 15 meters; leaves 2 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or acute at base; petals rose-colored, 5 to 6 mm, long; samaras 2.5 cm. wide. 574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Mascagnia cana Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 120. 1910. Hiraea sericea Engelm.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852. Not H. sericea Juss. 1832. Mascagnia sericea Niedenzu, Mascagn. 29. 1908. Sonora to Durango ‘and Coahuila ; type from Cadena, Durango, Apparently an erect .shrub; leaves copiously sericeous, short-petiolate or sessile; petals purplish, 5 to 6 mm. long: samaras 1.5 to 1.8 em. wide, often purplish. 6. Mascagnia seleriana Loes. Bull. Herb. Boiss, 2: 5438. 1894. Hliraea parvijlora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 189, 1897. Mascagnia pringlei Niedenzu, Mascagn. 9: 1908. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca. Erect or scandent shrub; leaves densely pubescent, rounded or subcordate at base, short-petiolate; petals violet, 5 to 8 mm. long; samaras 1.3 to 2 em. wide. “Maxocotl,” “maxoctl” (Oaxaca). 7. Mascagnia gouania Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 120. 1910. Morelos; type from Jojutla. Scandent shrub; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 4 to 7 em. long, acute or abruptly acuminate, long-petiolate; petals purplish, 5 to 6.5 cm. long; samaras 2.5 to 3 em. wide. 8. Mascagnia polybotrya (Juss.) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 ‘: 56. 1890. Hiraea polybotrya Juss. Ann, Sci. Nat. II. 13: 260, 1840. ?Hiraeca spicigera Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moseou 367: 584. 1863. Puebla and Oaxaca. Leaves 2.5 to 5 em. long, rounded or subcordate at base, short-petiolate; petals blue. No material seen by the writer; perhaps the same as M. gouania. 12. JANUSIA Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 250. 1840. Slender scandent shrubs; leaves small, opposite, short-petiolate, entire; flowers small, yellow, solitary or in axillary clusters, the petals undulate; fruit of 2 or 3 samaras. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate -- eee ee 1. J. gracilis, Leaves ovate or oval__-u- oe 2. J. californica. 1. Janusia gracilis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852. Dry hillsides, Baja California to Coahuila. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type collected near El Paso, Texas Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, strigose, especially beneath; larger petals 4 to 5 mm. long; samaras 9 to 12 mm. long. 2. Janusia californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 8. 1844, Dry hillsides, Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, thinly strigose, often subcordate at base; samaras 9 to 12 mm. long, often tinged with red. 13. ASPICARPA Rich. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 396. 1815. Slender shrubs with erect or reclining stems; leaves opposite, entire, sessile or short-petiolate; flowers of two kinds, the petaliferous in mostly terminal clusters, with fimbriate petals, the cleistogamous sessile in the lower axils or on long axillary peduncles; fruit of 2 crested nutlets. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 575 Pubescence of the stems of spreading hairs__---------.-------- 1. A. hirtella. Pubescence of the stems of appressed hairs. Cleistogamous flowers sessile in the axils__________------ 2, A. hyssopifolia. Cleistogamous flowers pedunculate. Peduncles of the cleistogamous flowers nearly or quite as long as the leaves. 8. A. longipes. Peduncles of the cleistogamous flowers much shorter than the leaves. Leaves 4 to 8 mm. wide, thinly strigose or glabrate beneath. 4, A. humilis. Leaves 10 to 30 mm. wide, densely sericeous beneath------ 5. A. lanata. 1. Aspicarpa hirtella Rich. Mém. Mus, Hist. Nat. 2: 399. 1815. Aspicarpa urens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 1, 1816. Acasmus pruriens Desv.; Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. ed. 3. 233. 1829. Zacatecas and Jalisco to Mexico. Stems scandent or reclining, hirsute with stinging hairs; leaves oval-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, rounded to acutish at apex, cordate or subcordate at base; larger petals about 1 cm. long. 2, Aspicarpa hyssopifolia A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 167. 1850. Western Texas, along the Rio Grande, and doubtless also in Coahuila or Nuevo Le6én. Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; leaves mostly linear or lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, acute; larger petals 5 to 7 mm. long. 3. Aspicarpa longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 387, 1852. Sonora to San Luis Potosi and Querétaro. Western Texas and southern Arizona; type from Texas. Stems 1 meter long or less, sometimes scandent; leaves ovate or oval, 1 to 4.5 em. long, cordate or subcordate at base. 4, Aspicarpa humilis (Benth.) Juss. Arch, Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 597, 1844. Gaudichaudia humilis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 6. 1889. Aspicarpa hartwegiana Juss. Ann, Sci. Nat. IT. 13: 253. 1840. Chihuahua and Durango to San Luis Potosf; type from Aguascalientes. Low ascending shrub; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm. long. 5. Aspicarpa lanata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 49. 1903. Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Densely pubescent shrub, 20 to 70 cm. high; leaves often whorled, oblong to oval, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex; petals yellow, 6 to 9 mm. long. 14. BANISTERIOPSIS C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 131. 1910. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, petiolate; flowers large, paniculate, the calyx with 8 or 10 glands, or glandless; petals dentate or lacerate ; fruit of 8 or fewer samaras. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous__-----~---- 1. B. acapulcensis. Leaves oval or broadly ovate, sericeous_—-~-~----------------- 2. B. argentea. 1. Banisteriopsis acapulcensis (Rose) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 182. 1910. Heteropteris acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 139. 1897. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Leaves 7 to 15 cm. long; larger petals 5 to 5.5 mm. long; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Banisteriopsis argentea (H. B. K.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. FI. 25: 133. 1910. Heteropteris argentea H. B, K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 164. 1822, Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type from Colombia. Leaves 3 to 12 em. long, rounded to acute at apex; petals pink, the larger ones 7 to 8 mm. long; samares 2.5 to 3 em. long. 15. BANISTERIA L. Sp. Pl. 427. 1753. Erect or scandent shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire; flowers large, in paniculate cymes; calyx glandless or with 8 glands; petals entire or denticulate; fruit of 2 or 3 samaras. Sepal tips recurved. Inflorescence densely reddish-pubescent__1. B. laurifolia. Sepal tips erect. Leaves with 2 to 6 sessile glands near the base of the blade underneath. 2. B. beecheyana. Leaves with 2 stipitate glands underneath. Glands remote from the base of the blade. Body of the samara with a thin crown on the side_____ 3. B, cotinifolia. Body of the samara not crowned. Leaves acute or acuminate__..----- 4. B. arborescens. Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex___-_------ 5. B. pallida. Glands borne at the extreme base of the leaf blade. Samaras 2 to 2.5 em. long__------__- 6. B. palmeri. Samaras 3 to 4 em, long. Body with 2 or 3 ecrowns____--_ = 7. B. gayana. Body with a single crown, or merely tuberculate______ 8. B. portillana. 1. Banisteria laurifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 611. 1762. Matpighia dubia Cav. Monad. Diss. 413. 1789. ‘Heteropteris longifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 166, 1822. Heteropteris floribunda H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 166. 1822. Byrsonima stigmatophora Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 241. 1836. Sinaloa to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Central America and West Indies; type from Jamaica. Large scandent shrub, or sometimes a tree, up to 12 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic or ovate, 5 to 16 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous in age; flowers yellow, the petals 5 to 7 mm. long; samaras 3.5 to 4 cm. long. “ Pinganillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “escobillo” (Tabasco); “bejuco de caballo” (Sessé & Mocino); “coral” (Costa Rica); “cointura” (Panama); “ bejuco de buey” (Porto Rico) ; “vergajo de toro” (Cuba). 2. Banisteria beecheyana’* (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer, Fl, 25: 134. 1910. *With the hope of finding in Bering Strait the expeditions under Parry and Franklin, the British Government in 1825 dispatched H. M. 8S. Blossom under the command of Capt. F. W. Beechey. This ship anchored at San Blas in Tepic in December, 1827, and remained there until February, 1828. During this time the naturalist, Lay, explored Tepic and adjoining regions, and made a collection of plants. Some of these came from Jalisco, and on the labels that name was written “Talisco,” a circumstance which has eaused a derivative of the latter incorrect name to be used as a specific name for some of the new species described from the collections. Plants were collected also at Acapulco and Mazatlin. Some of the naval officers, par- ticularly Alexander Collie, assisted Lay in making the collections. The plants were reported upon by Hooker and Arnott. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 577 Banisteria tomentosa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 244. 1833. Not B. tomentosa Desf, 1804 Heteropteris beecheyana Juss, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 278. 1840. Banisteria simulans Small, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 136. 1910. Tepic to Tamualipas, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Central America and Colombia. Erect or scandent shrub; leaves oblong to rounded-oval, 4 to 7 cm. long, copiously pubescent beneath; petals 4.5 to 6 mm. long; samaras 3 to 4 em. long. 3. Banisteria cotinifolia (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 134. 1910. Heteropteris cotinifolia Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat, II. 13: 274. 1840. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Leaves broadly ovate or rounded, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, glabrate; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 4. Banisteria arborescens (T. S. Brandeg.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 135. 1910. Heteropteris arborescens T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 203, 1905. Known only from the type locality, Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, glabrate; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 5. Banisteria pallida (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl. Heteropteris pallida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 182. 1915. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca. Leaves ovate to broadly oval, 3 to 11 cm. long, in age glabrous; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long. Perhaps not distinct from B. arborescens. 6. Banisteria palmeri (Rose) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 135. 1910. Heteropteris palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 311. 1895. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, glabrate; larger petals 5 to 6 mm. long. “ Bejuco huesillo” (Sinaloa). . The stems are used as cordage. They are sometimes 20 to 25 meters long. 7. Banisteria gayana (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 185. 1910. Heteropteris gayana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 274. 1840. Colima to Oaxaca. Large scandent shrub; leaves 2.5 to 7 cm. long, glabrate; samaras often tinged with red. 8. Banisteria portillana (S. Wats.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 135. 1910. Heteropteris portillana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 402. 1887. Jalisco; type collected near Guadalajara. Scandent shrub; leaves 6 to 11 cm. long, glabrous in age; petals 7 to 8 mm. long, salmon-colored outside, red inside. 16. STIGMAPHYLLON Juss.; St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 3: 48. 1833. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, dentate, or lobate, petiolate; flowers large, yellow, in axillary pedunculate umbel-like corymbs, the petals dentate; fruit of 2 or 3 samaras. Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, even in age_----------- 1. S. lindenianum. 7808—23 5 578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so. Leaves deltoid-cordate or ovate-cordate, deeply cordate at base. 2. S. selerianum. Leaves oval, elliptic, or ovate, rounded or subcordate at base. 3. S. mucronatum. 1, Stigmaphyllon lindenianum Juss. Arch, Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 362. 1844, Stigmaphyllon lupulus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 461. 1885. San Luis Potosf to Yucatin and Chiapas; type from Teapa, Tabasco. Central America. Coarse scandent shrub; leaves entire, undulate, or deeply lobate, rounded to acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at base; larger petals 9 to 11 mm. long; Samaras 2 to 2.5 cm. long. ‘“ Chinaca” (Veracruz). 2. Stigmaphyllon selerianum Niedenzu, Stigmatoph. 2: 7. 1900. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Almoloyas, Oaxaca. Leaves 2 to 9 cm. long, entire or undulate, deeply cordate, with rounded sinuses, long-petiolate; petals 1.3 to 1.5 em. long. 3. Stigmaphyllon mucronatum (DC.) Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 877. 1844. Banisteria mucronata DC. Prodr. 1: 589. 1824. Banisteria ternata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 591, 1824. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type from Ecuador. Slender scandent shrub; leaves 3 to 9 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, pale beneath ; larger petals 1.3 to 1.8 cm. long; samaras 2 to 2.5 em. long. “ Bejuco de rat6én ” (Guatemala, Honduras). 75. POLYGALACEAE. Milkwort Family. (Contributed by S. F. Blake.) Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent, with alternate (in all the follow- ing species) or sometimes opposite or whorled, entire leaves, without stipules or with small stipular glands; flowers perfect, zygomorphic, racemed, the racemes sometimes paniculate; sepals 5, free or the two lower united, one dorsal, two ventral, two lateral and interior, the latter (wings) usually much larger than the others and petaloid; petals 3, rarely 5, hypogynous, the ventral one (keel) boat-shaped, often with a terminal beak or crest, the two upper usually ligulate or oblong, the two lateral rarely present, always very small; stamens 8 (in all the following species), the filaments united for most of their length into a sheath split on the upper side, united at base to the upper petals or the keel or both; anthers 1-celled, opening by terminal pores; disk usually represented by a gland at base of ovary; ovary 1 or 2-celled; style 1; stigma often 2-lobed ; ovules soli- tary, pendulous; fruit a capsule, drupe, or samara; seeds usually pubescent and arillate. Ovary and fruit 2-celled; fruit a dehiscent capsule___________ 1. POLYGALA. Ovary and fruit 1-celled: fruit indehiscent. Keel with a plicate crest; fruit a samara, with a large wing on the lower side___-_---__-_-_----- eee 2. SECURIDACA. Keel not crested; fruit drupelike, not winged________________ 3. MONNINA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 579 1. POLYGALA L. Sp. Pl. 101. 1753. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate estipulate leaves and racemose flowers ; sepals free or the two lower united; wings petaloid; keel crested, beaked, or unappendaged; stamens 8 or rarely 6; fruit a 2-celled 2-seeded thin-walled capsule; seeds usually pubescent and arillate. The species are of little economic importance but some are used in medicine, diaphoretic, expectorant, and emetic properties being ascribed to them. Others are used locally as remedies for snake bites, and some are said to have poison- ous properties. Keel blunt, without crest or beak. Sepals all free. Sepals and wings at least in part deciduous. Sepals all herbaceous, deciduous like the wings, or with them rarely subpersistent; aril pubescent at least at apex. Capsule and leaves not obviously glandular. Leaves small, mostly 6 to 20 mm. long, usually distinctly dimor- phous, the lower shorter, oval or oblong-oval, the upper oblong to linear or rarely uniform, but then smaller than in the next group _____--.---------------------. ------+- I, MICROTHRIX. Leaves comparatively large, mostly 2 to 6 cm, long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, ovate, gradually reduced upward, not noticeably dimorphous. II. HEBANTHA. Capsule and leaves bearing large glands____---~ III. ADENOPHORA, Sepals not all herbaceous, the lower ones petaloid, deciduous like the - wings, the upper one herbaceous, persistent; aril glabrous. IV. BILOBA. Sepals and wings persistent, the sepals herbaceous_______.V. HUATECA. Sepals not all free, the two lower ones connate. Wings and sepals persistent. VI. HEBECLADA. Keel with a beak or crest. Keel with a conic or cylindric beak, not crested. Sepals (except usually the upper) and wings deciduous. VII. EURHINOTROPIS. Sepals and wings persistent___-------------------- VIIT. PANTOMONE. Keel with a fimbriate crest_____-_------------------- IX. MONNINOPSIS. I, MICROTHRIX. Leaves nearly uniform, oval or ovate. Plant densely pubescent with spreading hairs. Capsule merely ciliate; wings shorter than keel__------- 1. P. ovatifolia. Capsule puberulous on the sides; wings longer than keel_--2. P. buxifolia. Plant puberulous with incurved or appressed hairs. Wings subpersistent___...-------------_--------------- 3. P. myrtilloides, Wings deciduous. Leaves oval or elliptic, obtuse or rounded____-_-__---------- 4, P. xanti. Leaves ovate, acuminate____-_ 5. P. serpens. Leaves more or less dimorphous, the lower oval or oblong, the upper longer, linear to oblong, elliptic, or ovate. Wings glabrous; capsule merely ciliate ___6, P. pavoni. Wings pubescent, at least at base, or if rarely glabrous, then capsule pubes- cent on the sides. Aril small, the depth of the entire or merely denticulate-lobulate scarious margin less than the height of the corneous umbo. 580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed. Capsule more or less pubescent on sides. Flowers 4 to 5 mm. long________ one eee 7. P. magdalenae. Flowers 6 to 7 mm. long. Stems hirsute-tomentose above __._____________ 8. P. leptosperma, Stems barely puberulous above____-__-_____.__- 27. P. oaxacana, Capsule merely ciliate at maturity. Middle and upper leaves strongly reduced, 5 to 14 mm. long, linear or lance-linear. Aril with more or less distinct dorsal lobe, subpedicellate by the pointed base of seed --- 9. P. barbeyana. Aril without distinct dorsal lobe, subsessile. Aril with subglabrous umbo______-__-_______ 10. P. zacatecana. Aril with densely pilose umbo_________________ 11. P. intricata. Middle and upper leaves not reduced, 15 to 81 mm. long. Middle and upper leaves obovate-oblong, 4.5 to 7 mm. wide. 12. P. palmeri. Middle and upper leaves linear, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide. 13. P. racemosa. Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading. Hairs of stem all short and wide-spreading; leaves not reticulate. 14. P. rectipilis. Hairs of stem partly long and spreading, partly short and incurved; leaves reticulate. Middle and upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.8 to 4 mm. wide. 21. P. retifolia. Middle and upper leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval, 4.5 to 16 mm. wide. 22. P. amphothrix. Aril larger, the depth of the lobed or lobulate scarious margin equaling or exceeding the height of the corneous umbo. Capsule merely ciliate at maturity; aril not veil-like. Upper leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate. Stems incurved-puberulous. Upper leaves strongly reduced, 5 to 14 (23) mm. long. 15. P. reducta. Upper leaves not reduced, 17 to 36 mm. long____---_-_ 16. P. longa. Stems sparsely spreading-pubescent, glabrate___.17. P. neurocarpa, Upper leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong. Wings 6 to 6.5 mm. long_________________--_____-- 18. P. oophylla. Wings 4 to 5 mm. long. Scarious border of aril barely as deep as height of umbo; keel purplish_________________ 19. P. brachyanthema. Secarious border of aril distinctly deeper than height of umbo; keel yellowish green____________________ 20. P. brandegeana. Capsule pubescent on sides at maturity or, if merely ciliate, then aril veil-like. Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading. Middle and upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.8 to 4 mm. wide________________-_-~ eee 21. P. retifolia. Middle and upper leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval, 4.5 to 16 mm wide_____-__-__--_--_- ----------_-------- 22. P. amphothrix. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 581 Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed. Aril veil-like, with broad scarious lobulate margin, covering one-third to three-fifths of seed, the dorsal margin vertically descending, the lower margin nearly or quite horizontal. 23. P. obscura. 24, P. lozani. Aril not veil-like. Upper leaves ovate to elliptic or lance-oblong. Lobes of aril oblong to deltoid; wings 5 to 5.8 mm. long. 25. P. parrasana, Lobes of aril linear or lance-linear ; wings 3.5 to 5 mm. long. 26. P. compacta. Upper leaves linear__-------------------------- 27. P. oaxacana, II. HEBANTHA. Capsule merely ciliate at maturity. Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed. Stem subterete; wings 5.5 to 6.6 mm. long. Stem and leaves sparsely strigillose; leaves narrowly lanceolate. 28. P. longipes. Stem and leaves densely strigillose or incurved-puberulous; leaves ovate 29. P. velata. to rhombic-lanceolate Stem strongly angled; wings 4.5 mm. long Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading. Leaves lanceolate; wings ciliate---------------------- _--81. P. galeottii. Leaves ovate; wings not ciliate---------------------- Capsule pubescent on sides at maturity. Keel 3.2 to 3.5 mm. long; wings 3.8 mm. long----------- 33. P. brachytropis. Keel 4.2 to 6.8 mm, long; wings 4.5 to 7 mm. long. Wings rather densely pubescent over whole outer surface. Sepals 4 to 4.5 mm. long; capsule reticulate 34. P. americana. Sepals 2.5 to 3 mm. long; capsule searcely reticulate__35. P. pedicellata. Wings sparsely pubescent or puberulous chiefly at apex and base and along costa, or subglabrous. Wings 6.5 to 9 mm. long. Hairs of stem partly short and incurved, partly long and spreading. 41. P. biformipilis. Hairs of stem all similar, appressed or incurved-spreading. Capsule spreading-pilosulous ; aril with minute umbo. 36. P. cuspidulata. Capsule incurved-puberulous ; umbo medium-sized. 37. P. appressipilis. Wings 4.5 to 5.8 mm. long. Wings suborbicular, glabrous except for the ciliolate margin and the finely puberulous costa; sepals 1 to 2 mm, long. 88. P. brachysepala. Wings oval, pubescent at least along costa; sepals 2 to 3.8 mm. long. Dorsal margin of aril strongly descending; umbo medium or large. 39. P. microtricha. Dorsal margin of aril horizontal or erectish ; umbo minute. 40. P. chiapensis. 582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. III. ADENOPHORA. Leaves obovate. Leaves incurved-pubescent...---- 42. P. glandulosa. Leaves nearly glabrous... 43. P. phoenicistes, Leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate__...-- = 44. P. macradenia. IV. BILOBA. Lower sepals glabrous; flowers purple; racemes many-flowered. Bracts deciduous, equaling the pedicels; stems canescent-pilosulous. 45. P. purpusii. Bracts persistent, shorter than the pedicels; stems incurved-pubescent but Breen——--- 46. P. conzattii. Lower sepals ciliate; flowers greenish ; racemes 1 to 4-flowered__47. P. parryi. V. HUATECA. A single species__..-------w 48. P. tehuacana. VI. HEBECLADA. Wings densely ciliate; seed pilose-tomentose; aril large____49. P. floribunda. Wings very minutely glandular-ciliolate ; seed pilosulous; aril minute. 50. P. apopetala. VII. EURHINOTROPIS. Flowers 8.5 mm. long, purplish and yellowish...) 51. P. fishiae. Flowers 4 to 5.5 mm. long, white or rosy. Leaves oval, glabrous or sparsely incurved-puberulous. Leaves 1 to 2 cm, long, 4 to 12.5 mm. wide___-- 52. P. nitida, Leaves 4 to 9 mm, long, 2 to 6.5 mm, wide______._ | 53. P. eucosma. Leaves squamiform to lanceolate or, when broader, densely pubescent, Leaves, at least the lower ones, oval to suborbicular, like the stem densely spreading or incurved-spreading-pubescent. 54. P. lindheimeri. Leaves mostly linear to lanceolate, merely incurved-puberulous like the stem_—------ 55. P. tweedyi. Leaves squamiform, 1 to 4.5 mm. long__---- 56. P. minutifolia. A single species__---------- 57. P. desertorum. IX. MONNINOPSIS. Capsule more than twice as long as wings____-___._. 58. P. semialata. Capsule less than one and one-half times as long as wings. Stem glabrous_.----- 59. P, hemipterocarpa, Stem strigillose or puberulous. --------- + 60. P. watsoni. Leaves linear or acicular; stem strigillose or incurved-puberulous. Capsule oblong, about twice as long as wide, Leaves strongly 2-sulcate beneath______._______ 61. P. scoparioides, Leaves not 2-sulcate beneath. Capsule 2 mm. long; aril 1 mm. long__—_____ 62. P. dolichocarpa. Capsule 2.7 to 3 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. long______ 63. P. scoparia, Capsule suborbicular or oval, not twice as long as wide. 64. P. michoacana. Leaves obovate-spatulate; stems spreading-puberulous____65. P. viridis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 583 1. Polygala ovatifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 39. 1852, Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén. Texas and New Mexico; type from western Texas. Suffrutescent, erect, 30 cm. high or less, densely spreading-pilose; leaves ovate, 1.2 to 3 em. long, 0.6 to 1.3 cm. wide, acutish, spreading-pilose on both sides; racemes 2 to 6.5 cm. long; flowers greenish yellow; wings 4 to 5 mm. long; aril with rather broad, lobed and lobulate, scarious margin. 2, Polygala buxifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 407. 1821. Polygala ovalifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 331. 1824. San Luis Potos{ and Querétaro; type from Santa Rosa, Querétaro. Suffrutescent, ascending, about 28 cm. long, spreading-pubescent; leaves elliptic or ovate, about 2 cm. long, obtuse or rounded; wings 5.5 mm, long; aril with broad scarious margin and distinct short lateral and spreading dorsal lobes. 3. Polygala myrtilloides Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 889. 1803. San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo. Fruticulose below, densely appressed-puberulous ; leaves elliptic to oval-ovate, mostly obtuse, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, subcoriaceous, subappressed-pubescent ; racemes 4 to 8-flowered; wings 5.5 to 6.5 mm. long; capsule puberulous and ciliolate; _ aril broadly scarious-margined, 3-lobed, the dorsal lobe short and horizontal. 4. Polygala xanti* A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Aead. 5: 1538. 1861. Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Suffrutescent below, procumbent or erectish, densely incurved-pubescent ; leaves oval, 6 to 16 mm. long, rounded at apex, densely incurved-pubescent ; racemes short; flowers white, tinged with yellow and purple; wings 5.3 to 5.8 mm. long; capsule densely pubescent ; scarious margin of aril narrow, equal- ing the umbo, shortly upturned at dorsal apex. 5. Polygala serpens Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 21. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Suffruticulose, procumbent, incurved-puberulous, 30 cm. long or less; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 2.8 em. long, acuminate, thin, incurved-spreading-pubescent ; racemes loose, 2 cm. long; flowers apparently ochroleucous ; wings 5.5 to 7 mm. long; aril minute, capitelliform, with obsolete scarious margin. 6. Polygala pavoni’* Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31 7: 14, 1893. Mexico, without definite locality. Undershrub, puberulous, about 20 em. long; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate, varied, 2 cm. long, puberulous, obtuse; racemes few-flowered; flowers 5 to 6 mm, long; ovary ciliate; fruit unknown. A species of doubtful relationship. 7. Polygala magdalenae T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 182, 1911. Southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Island. Prostrate, 30 cm. long, incurved-griseous-puberulous ; lowest leaves oval- oblong, 7 mm. long, the others oblong to linear, 1.2 to 2 cm. long, incurved- 17, J. Xantus, while exployed by the U. S. Coast Survey, made a collec- tion of about 120 species of plants in Baja California, chiefly about Cape San Lucas. Many new species were published by Gray in his report upon the col- lection (Proce, Amer. Acad, 5: 153-173. 1861). A set of the plants is in the U. S. National Herbarium. ?7In honor of José Pavén, a member of the Spanish scientific commission sent to Peru and Chile in 1777. He was an associate of Ruiz, with whom he published several classic works dealing with South American plants. 584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. puberulous; racemes loose, 4 to 10.5 cm. long; flowers apparently ochroleucous ; wings narrowly obovate-oval, 4.5 mm. long; aril minute, 0.7 mm, high, with very narrow scarious margin, 8. Polygala leptosperma Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gendéve 31?: 17, 1893. Oaxaca. Suffrutescent below, 12 em. long, hirsute-tomentose above; leaves lanceolate to lance-linear, 1.5 to 2.2 em. long, subtomentose-velutinous; flowers 6 to 7 mm. long; wings elliptic-lanceolate, long-ciliate; capsule ovate-cuneate, hispid ; aril small, capitelliform, the very narrow scarious margin with very short up- turned dorsal lobe and no lateral lobes. 9. Polygala barbeyana Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 16. 1893. Coahuila to San Luis Potos{; type from San Luis Potosf. Arizona. Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, up to 40 cm. high, densely incurved- pubescent or at length subglabrate; leaves reduced, the lowest oblong, the mid- dle and upper subsquamiform, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm. long: racemes 1.7 to 11 cm. long; wings obovate-oval or suborbicular-oval, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; aril small, 0.7 mm. high, cap-shaped, subpedicellate by the pointed base of seed, with narrow unlobed scarious margin and short upturned dorsal lobe. 10. Polygala zacatecana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 26. 1916. Known only from the type locality, near Concepcién del Oro, Zacatecas, Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 12 cm. high, incurved-puberulous ; leaves reduced, the lower oblong or oval, 4 to 5 mm. long, the others linear- lanceolate, 4.5 to 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, involute; racemes 2 to 5 em. long; wings oval-obovate, 4 mm. long; aril tiny, very sparsely pubescent, with sub- glabrous umbo, the scarious margin entire, very narrow. 11. Polygala intricata Blake, Contr, Gray Herb. n, ser. 47: 26. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Saltillo, Coahuila. Stems about 10 cm. long, flexuous, ascending, densely incurved-puberulous; lowest leaves oblong, 3 mm. long, the others linear or linear-lanceolate, 11 to 14 mm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide; racemes flexuous; wings obovate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; aril 0.8 mm. high, the umbo densely spreading-pilose, the narrower margin subentire. 12. Polygala palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 325, 1882. Coahuila; type from Jufrez. Western Texas. Several-stemmed, subcanescently pubescent, about 15 cm. high; lower leaves oval, the others oblong or ovate-oblong, the middle and upper 16 mm. long, 4.5 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse or truncate, thick; racemes 4.5 cm. long; flowers greenish yellow and purplish; wings obovate, 5.7 to 6 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. high, with narrow subentire scarious margin extended into short subhorizontal anterior and dorsal lobes. 13. Polygala racemosa Blake, Contr. Gra y Herb. n. ser. 47: 28, 1916. Chihuahua ; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains. Southern Arizona. Several-stemmed, fruticulous below, about 30 em. high, densely incurved- puberulous but green; lower leaves strongly reduced, the others linear, 15 to 31 mm. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, acute; racemes 7 to 13 em. long; flowers ap- parently greenish; wings oval-obovate, 4.5 to 4.8 mm. long; aril 0.7 to 1 mm. high, the scarious margin lobulate, narrower than the umbo, the dorsal lobe very short, the lateral obsolete. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXIOO. 585 14. Polygala rectipilis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 27. 1916. Coahuila. Type from Hillsboro, Sierra County, New Mexico. Several-stemmed, fruticulose below, about 20 cm. high, densely spreading- pilose with short hairs; lower leaves oblong or oval, 8 to 14 mm. long, the others linear, 12 to 22 mm. long, 1.7 to 2.5 mm. wide; racemes 4 to 10 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings obovate-oval, 4.5 mm. long; aril 1 mm. high, the scari- ous, scarcely lobed margin narrower than the umbo. 15. Polygala reducta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 25. 1916. Polygala scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917. Coahuila to San Luis Potos{; type from San Luis Potosi. Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 17 cm. high or less, incurved-puberu- lous; lower leaves oval-oblong, 5 to 9 mm. long, the others linear-lanceolate or linear, 5 to 23 mm. long, 0.5 to 2 mm. wide, involute; racemes very loose, 6 to 9 cm. long; wings elliptic-obovate, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; aril 1 mm. high, the dorsal lobe spreading, 1.5 mm. long, the lateral lobes short, subentire, slightly deeper than the umbo. 16. Polygala longa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 29. 1916. Chihuahua. Texas and Arizona; type from the Pecos River, Texas. Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 13 to 45 cm. high, densely incurved- griseous-puberulous ; lowest leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 8 to 17 mm. long, the others oblong-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 17 to 36 mm. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, usually acute, griseous-puberulous; racemes 2 to 10.5 em. long; flowers pur- plish; wings oval or suborbicular, 38 to 5.5 mm. long; aril 1 mm, high, the dorsal margin 1.5 mm. long, the umbo 0.4 mm. high, the broader scariovus margin strongly lobulate, with distinct or subdistinect dorsal and shorter lateral lobes. 17. Polygala neurocarpa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917. Known only from the type locality, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Several-stemmed, suffrutescent below, about 30 cm. long, at first sparsely spreading-pubescent with short straight hairs, in age glabrate except in the axils; leaves linear to linear-oblong, 9 to 25 mm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, thickish, soon glabrate; racemes 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long; peduncles and pedicels glabrous; wings oval, 5.2 mm. long; aril 1 to 1.2 mm. high, 1.4 mm. long dorsally, the scarious margin repand or lobulate, descending, slightly wider than the umbo. 18. Polygala oophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 33. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Tlacuilotepec, Puebla. Few-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 20 cm. high, densely incurved- spreading-pubescent ; lowest leaves elliptic, 4 mm. long, the others ovate, 11 to 22 mm. long, 3.5 to 10 mm. wide, acute or subacute; racemes 4 to 7 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings orbicular-oval, 6 to 6.5 mm. long; aril 1.6 mm. high, 2 mm. long, the broad scarious margin irregularly lobulate. 19. Polygala brachyanthema Blake, Contr. Gray Herb, n. ser. 47: 33, 1916. Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. Several-stemmed, fruticulose below, 17 to 383 cm. high, green, incurved- pubescent; lowest leaves obovate, 3 to 7 mm. long, the others oblong-elliptic, 10 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 4.8 mm. wide, subobtuse, mucronate, sparsely incurved- pubescent; flowers purplish and greenish; wings oval, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; aril 1 mm. high, 1.6 mm. long dorsally, the scarious margin irregularly crenulate- lobulate, produced into a short horizontal lobe, deeper than the umbo. 20. Polygala brandegeana Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 72. 1914. Hidalgo and Puebla; type from El Riego, Tehuacfin, Puebla. Many-stemmed, erectish, 7 to 9 cm. high, pubescent; lower leaves obovate, 3 mm. long, the others oblong to oval or oblong-linear, 6 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4.5 mm, wide, thickish, sparsely pubescent beneath; racemes very short, 1 to 3-flowered ; flowers greenish and purplish; wings oval, 5.5 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. deep, 2.3 mm. long, the broad scarjous margin irregularly lobulate, with indistinct lateral and distinct dorsal lobe descending at an angle of about 45°. 21. Polygala retifolia Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 47: 29, 1916. Known only from the type locality, Rfo Blanco, Jalisco. Stems few, fruticulose below, about 40 em. high, densely pubescent with short incurved and long Straight spreading hairs; lowest leaves 4 to 11 mm, long, the others linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 1.8 to 4 mm. wide, thick, acuminate, reticulate-venose; racemes 8 to 14 ecm. long; wings obovate-oval, 5 to 6 mm. long; ovary densely pilose; fruit unknown. 22. Polygala amphothrix Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 47: 39. 1916. Durango and Tepic; type from Otinapa, Durango. Stems few, 10 to 15 cm. high, densely pubescent with short incurved and long straight wide-spreading hairs; lowest leaves oval, 3.5 to 11.5 mm. long, the others oblong-lanceolate or oval, 15 to 36 mm. long, 4.5 to 16 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute, reticulate; flowers purplish; wings oval, 5 to 5.5 mm. long; ovary densely pilosulous; fruit unknown: 23. Polygala obscura Benth. Pl. Hartw. 58. 1840. Polygala puberula A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 40. 1852. Polygala laeta T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 865. 1917. Polygala vagans T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot. 6: 366, 1917. Chihuahua to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda del Carmen, Oaxaca. Texas to Arizona. Many-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 12 to 38 cm. high, grayish-puberulous ; lower leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 12 to 28 mm. long, the middle and upper oblong to lanceolate or linear, 18 to 42 mm. long, 1.5 to 12 mm. wide, puberu- lous; racemes 3.3 to 9 em. long; flowers purplish; wings oval-obovate or elliptic, 4.5 to 5.8 mm. long, 2 to 3.5 mm. wide ; keel 4.8 to 5 mm. long; capsule puberulous or merely ciliate; aril 1.3 to 3 mm. high, veil-like, appressed, with very broad, irregularly lobulate, scarious margin. 23a. Polygala obscura euryptera Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 31. 1916. Oaxaca. Wings 6 to 6.5 mm. long, 4 to 4.5 mm. wide; keel 6 to 6.5 mm. long. 24, Polygala lozani Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911. Polygaia calcicola Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 122, pl. 37. 1906. Not P. calcicola Chod. 1898. Known only from the type locality, La Cafiada, near Tehuacin, Puebla. Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 10 em. high, subcanescent- pubescent ; lower leaves oval, 11 mm. long, the others oblong or linear-oblong, 10 to 138 mm. long, 1.8 to 3.5 mm, wide, acutish, incurved-pubescent ; flowers yellowish green; wings oval, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, subpersistent; aril 1.7 mm. high, the appressed scarious margin irregularly lobulate, deeper than the umbo, the dorsal lobe barely indicated. 25. Polygala parrasana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 365. 1917, Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parris, Coahuila. Stems several, fructiculose below, procumbent, 4 to 10 ecm. long, densely ascending-pubescent ; leaves oval or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 9 mm, long, 2.5 to 4 mm, wide, apiculate to obtuse, thickish, pubescent both sides; racemes 1.3 cm. long, few-flowered ; wings oval, 5.2 mm. long; keel 5.8 mm. long; aril 1.8 mm. high, 1.7 mm. long on the dorsal margin, the umbo 0.4 mm. high, the scarious mar- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 587 gin 3-lobed, the lateral lobes ovate, vertical, appressed, the dorsal subequal, descending. 26. Polygala compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 315. 1905. Polygala pubescens A. Gray ; Chod. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 21. 1893. Not. P. pubescens Mart. 1815. Jalisco and San Luis Potosf to Puebla; type from the Valley of Mexico. Many-stemmed, ascending or erect, 10 to 20 cm. high, incurved-griseous- puberulous, very leafy; lower leaves obovate or oval, 5 to 17 mm. long, the others oblong or lance-oblong, 11 to 19 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse to acutish, incurved-puberulous; racemes rather dense, 1.5 to 4 em. long; flowers apparently ochroleucous; wings oval or obovate-oval, 35 to 5 mm. long; aril 1 to 2 mm. high, strongly 3-lobed, the lobes scarious, linear-lanceolate or linear, descending or the dorsal more or less spreading, subequal or the dorsal somewhat the longer. 27. Polygala oaxacana Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 73. 1914. Known only from the type locality, San Juan del Estado, Etla, Oaxaca. Stems few, suffruticulose below, barely puberulous above, about 20 cm. long; leaves linear, the larger 26 to 35 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, acute, glabrescent ; racemes 3 to 5-flowered, 3 cm. long; flowers 6 to 7 mm. long; wings oval; ovary densely pilose; fruit unknown. 28. Polygala longipes Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47:40. 1916. Oaxaca. Stem slender, finely strigillose, 30 cm. high or more; leaves lanceolate, 5.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 9 to 14 mm. wide, thin, long-acuminate, sparsely and finely strigil- lose; racemes 14.5 cm. long or less; pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long; wings oblong- oval, 6.6 mm. long, 3.8 mm. wide; seed unknown. 29. Polygala velata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47:41. 1916. Chiapas. Erect, 35 cm. high and more, rather densely incurved-puberulous; leaves ovate to rhombic-lanceolate, 3.7 to 5.2 em. long, 1.2 to 2.2 em. wide, acuminate, sparsely incurved-puberulous; racemes 6.5 to 10.5 em. long; wings oval, 5.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 3 mm. high, cloaklike, the broad scarious margin sparsely pilose, appressed, slightly lobulate, the umbo medium-sized. 30. Polygala polyedra T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917. Known only from the type locality, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Stem stoutish, strongly angled, 35 cm. long and more, grayish green, densely strigillose; leaves unknown; racemes 5 em. long or less, rather dense; wings oval, 4.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 1.8 to 2 mm. high, 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long dorsally, the umbo pilose, 0.4 mm. deep, the repand-lobulate scarious margin sparsely pilose, the dorsal margin horizontal or slightly upturned. 31. Polygala galeottii Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 28. 1893. Known only from the type locality, Rancho de Haupa, between Jalapa and Coérdoba, Veracruz. Simple or sparsely branched, slightly hirsute; leaves lanceolate, 2.8 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.4 cm. wide, attenuate at each end, ciliate and slightly pubescent ; racemes elongate, loose; flowers 6 mm. long; wings elliptic-obovate; capsule hirsute-ciliate; aril 2 mm. high, 2.8 mm. long on the dorsal margin, papery, erenate or undulate, searcely lobed. 32. Polygala rivinaefolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 409. 1821. Polygala albowiana Chod, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 123, 1895. Polygala jaliscana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 44. 1916. 588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Jalisco to Morelos; type collected near Ario, Michoacan. Suffruticulose, several-stemmed, about 40 cm. high, rather densely pubescent with short incurved hairs and plentiful long spreading ones; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acute to acuminate, thin, bright green above, rather densely pubescent on both sides; racemes 1.5 to 15 cm, long; flowers purplish; wings oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; capsule suborbicular, pale, reticulate, about 1 cm. long; aril 1.5 to 2 mm. high, with lobulate or slightly lobed ventral margin, the umbo small, the dorsal margin subhorizontal or curved-ascending to nearly vertically descending, 33. Polygala brachytropis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 46, 1916. Known only from the type locality, Zimapfn, Hidalgo. Suffruticulose below, 25 em. high and more, densely pubescent with short in- curved and long wide-spreading hairs; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 em. long, 1.2 to 1.4 cm. wide, acute, firm, rather sparsely pubescent; racemes about 3 cm. long; wings elliptic, 3.8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; seed unknown. 34. Polygala americana Mill. Gard. Dict, ed. 8. Polygata no. 7. 1768, Veracruz, Several-stemmed, erect, fruticulose, 12 em. high, densely pubescent with incurved-spreading, rather short, equal hairs; leaves ovate to obovate, 1.4 to 2.3 cm. long, 8 to 11 mm, wide, acute, firm but rather thin, rather densely pubes- cent on both sides; flowers purplish; racemes 1.2 to 4 cm. long; wings oval, 5 to 7 mm. long, 8 to 4 mm. wide; capsule densely spreading-pubescent, reticu- late; seed unknown. 35. Polygala pedicellata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb, n. ser. 47: 45, 1916. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Stems few, fruticulose below, suberect, branched, about 40 em. high, rather densely incurved-puberulous;: leaves ovate, 2.3 to 3.4 em. long, 9 to 16 mm. wide, subacuminate, incurved-pubescent: racemes 3.5 to 7 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings oval, 5 to 6.5 mm. long, 3.5 to 45 mm. wide; capsule spreading- pubescent; aril 1.5 to 1.8 mm. high, the umbo large, the subequal searious margin with obscure lateral lobes and distinct, descending or upcurved dorsal lobe. 36. Polygala cuspidulata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 45. 1916. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro de Santa Lucfa, near San Luis Tultit- lanapa, Puebla. Stems few, erect, densely incurved or incurved-spreading-pubescent, 15 to 40 cm. high; leaves ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1.1 to 1.6 em. wide, cuspidulate, rather densely incurved-pubescent; racemes 5 to 11 cm. long; flowers purplish: wings oval, 7 to 83 mm. long, 5 to 5.5 mm. wide; capsule spreading-pilosulous and ciliolate; aril 2.2 to 2.5 mm. high, with tiny pilose umbo, the undulate scarious margin sparsely pilose, the dorsal margin horizontal or slightly curved- ascending or descending at an angle of about 45°, 37. Polygala appressipilis Blake, Contr. may Herb. n. ser. 47: 41. 1916. Tepic to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Stems several, erect, about 35 cm. high, griseous-puberulous; leaves ovate or oval, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 8 to 138 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, appressed-puberulous; wings oval or broadly elliptic, 6.5 to 9 mm. long, 4.5 to 5.8 mm. wide: mature seed unknown. 38. Polygala brachysepala Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 44. 1916. San Luis Potosf, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Las Canoas, San Luis Potosi. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 589 Stems several, fruticulose below, rather densely incurved-puberulous with a few long spreading hairs intermixed, 20 to 35 cm. high; leaves ovate, 2.8 to 4.5 em. long, 1.2 to 2 cm. wide, acuminate, sparsely pubescent; racemes 5 to 7 em. long; wings suborbicular, 5.5 mm. long, 4.8 mm. wide; aril cloaklike, appressed, 3.5 mm. high, with deep subentire searious margin. 39. Polygala microtricha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 46. 1916. Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo. Suffruticulose below, branched, 25 em. high and more, densely incurved- puberulous; leaves ovate, 2.7 to 3.8. cm. long, 1 to 1.2 em. wide, acute to acuminate, firm, rather densely puberulous; racemes 3.5 to 7.5 em. long; wings oval, 5.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; aril 3 mm. high, cloaklike, the large umbo pilose, the much broader scarious margin lobulate, the dorsal and lateral lobes barely indicated, subappressed. 40. Polygala chiapensis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 40. 1916. Chiapas. Stems erect, about 24 cm. high, pubescent with short incurved and sometimes a few longer incurved-spreading hairs; lower leaves oval or obovate, the middle and upper lanceolate, 2 to 4.2 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, acuminate, sparsely incurved-pubescent, reticulate; racemes 6 to 10 cm. long; wings oval, 5.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 1.5 mm. high, papery, irregularly lobulate, the horizontal dorsal margin 2.2 mm. long. 41. Polygala biformipilis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 52. 1916, Veracruz; type from Zacuapan. Stems several, suffruticulose below, erect, 35 to 60 em. high, densely and softly pubescent with short incurved and long straight spreading hairs; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide. acuminate, pubescent like the stem; racemes dense, 3.5 to 7 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings oblong-oval, 8.7 mm. long, 4.7 mm. wide; aril 2.5 mm. high, the small umbo densely pilose, the broad scarious margin lobulate, the dorsal margin ascending, the anterior vertical. 42. Polygala glandulosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 404. 1821. Viola punctata Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 391. 1819. Not Polygala punctata A. W. Benn. 1879. Polygala greggit S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 17: 325. 1882. Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosf; type from Puente de la Madre de Dios. Stems very numerous, suffruticulose, diffuse, 10 to 20 cm. long, densely leafy ; leaves obovate to suborbicular-oval, 4.5 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded, mucronate, cuneate at base, thick, incurved-puberulous or short- pilosulous, densely translucent-glandular-dotted; racemes axillary, 1 or 2- flowered; flowers purple; wings spatulate-obovate, 7.5 mm. long; capsule elliptic; aril galeiform, equitant. 43. Polygaia phoenicistes Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 55. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Guascama, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. Stems several, fruticulose, diffuse or suberect, 6 to 15 em. long; leaves cuneate-obovate, 5.5 to 7 mm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 mm. wide, densely glandular- punctate, very sparsely incurved-puberulous along costa beneath; racemes 1-flowered; flowers purple; wings spatulate-obovate, 6 mm. long; capsule oblong-elliptic; aril corneous, 3-lobed. 44. Polygala macradenia A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 39. 1852. Coahuila. Texas to Arizona; type from hills at the head of the San Felipe, Texas. 590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Stems very numerous, 3.5 to 21 em. long, fruticulose below, erectish or ascend- ing, densely leafy, canescently puberulous; leaves linear-oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 2 to 6 mm. long, 0.6 to 1.8 mm. wide, thick, flattened above, gland- dotted, canescent-puberulous; racemes 1 or 2-flowered ; flowers purple; wings obovate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long; capsule oblong; aril shortly 3-lobed. 44a. Polygala macradenia glanduloso-pilosa (Chod.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 56. 1916. Polygala glanduloso-pilosa Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 72. 1914. San Luis Potost. Less pubescent; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.2 to 3 mm. long, 0.3 to 0.5 mm. wide, concave or sulcate above, sparsely incurved-puberulous. 45. Polygala purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 88. 1910. Known only from the type locality, Acatitlin, Puebla. Fruticulose, several-stemmed, erect, 25 cm. high, densely canescent-pilosulous on the younger parts; leaves oval to oblong-oval, rarely orbicular, 9 to 14 mm. long, 4 to 11 mm. wide; racemes terminal, 4.5 cm. long; wings obovate-oval, 4.7 mm, long; keel whitish with yellowish tip; capsule suborbicular, 3 mm. long; aril 1.2 mm, deep, the 2 lobes oval, appressed. 46. Polygala conzattii Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Cerro San Antonio, Oaxaca. Stems 40 em. long, slender, green, incurved-pubescent; leaves ovate-oval or obovate, 15 mm. long, cuspidate at the truneate-rounded apex or retuse; racemes very loose, 1.8 to 20 cm. long; wings obovate, 4.5 mm. long; capsule quadrate- orbicular, 3.5 mm. long; aril 1.4 mm, long, with large corneous umbo, the 2 lateral lobes oblcng, appressed. 47. Polygala parryi A. W. Benn. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 17: 140. 1879. San Luis Potosf, Suffruticulose, procumbent below, 9 cm. long or less, several-stemmed, in- curved-puberulous; leaves oval to orbicular, 6 to 11 mm. long, rounded to obtuse at each end; wings obovate, 3.5 mm. long; capsule orbicular, venose, plump, 3.5 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. deep, with small corneous umbo and 2 cblong appressed lobes. 48. Polygala tehuacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 273. 1912. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, mountains north of Tehuacfin, Puebla. Suffruticulose, many-stemmed, erect, about 15 em. high, canescent-puberulent ; leaves oblong, 5 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide, obtusish, puberulous; racemes mostly 1-flowered; flowers purplish-yellowish ; wings oval-obovate, 6 mm. long; capsule oval, ciliate, 4.8 mm. long; seed silky-pilose; aril with small umbo and 2 oblong lateral lobes. 49. Polygala floribunda Benth. Pl. Hartw. 58. 1840. Polygala americana floribunda Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 48. 1891. Chiapas; type from Zonaguia. Guatemala. Frutescent, erect, about 1.5 meters high, incurved-pubescent or strigillose; leaves ovate, 3.5 to 9 cm. long, 1.2 to 3.8 em. wide, acute, finely reticulate, strigillose or glabrate; racemes loose, up to 23 cm. long, rarely branched; flowers violet-purple; wings suborbicular, 8 to 11 mm. long and wide, venose; capsule transversely broad oblong, obcordate, 8 mm. long; seed globose, 3 mm. thick; aril 2 mm. high, fleshy-coriaceous, not lobed. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 591 50. Polygala apopetala T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 180. pl. 3. 1889. Southern Baja California; type from Comonda. Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less, the branches strigillose; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 1.7 to 2.2 cm. wide, sparsely strigillose; racemes terminal, loose, 5 to 19 cm, long; flowers pinkish purple; wings suborbicular, 12 to 15 mm. long and wide, reticulate; capsule quadrate-orbicular, emarginate, 1.5 to 1.9 em. long; seed ellipsoid, 9 mm. long; aril corneous, 0.5 mm. long. 51. Polygala fishiae Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 39, 1884. Northern Baja California; type collected near Sauzal, Todos Santos Bay. Southern California. Frutescent, about 1.5 meters high, glabrous or very sparsely strigillose ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1.7 to 5 cm. long, 4 to 14 mm. wide, rounded or retuse, glabrous; racemes 2.5 to 20 cm. long; flowers purplish, whitish, and yellowish, 8.5 mm. long; wings obovate, ciliolate; capsule suborbicular, 7.5 mm. long; seed pilose, 5 mm. long. 52. Polygala nitida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 272. 1912. Known only from the type locality, Bagre, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. Frutescent, decumbent, finely incurved-puberulous, about 20 cm. long; lower leaves elliptic to oval, 1 to 2 cm. long, 7.5 to 12.5 mm. wide, rounded, cuspidate, reticulate, shining, glabrous or sparsely puberulous beneath along costa, the upper more oblong; racemes 3 to 9-flowered, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers rose- colored ; wings oblong-obovate, 5.5 mm. long; keel yellowish ; capsule 4 mm. long, oval, subreticulate-striate. 53. Polygala eucosma Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 72. 1916. Coahuila to Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila. Southern New Mexico. Fruticulose, many-stemmed, procumbent, 4.5 to 20 cm. long or more, minutely incurved-puberulous; leaves oval or elliptic, 4 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 6.5 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, coriaceous, scarcely reticulate, glabrous or very sparsely incurved-puberulous; racemes 2 or 3-flowered; flowers rosy; wings obovate, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, 1.8 to 2.8 mm. wide. 54, Polygala lindheimeri A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 150. 1850. Polygala emoryi Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 72. 1916. Nuevo Leon. Texas and New Mexico; type from the upper Guadalupe and Pierdenales rivers, Texas. Stems several, fruticulose below, erect to decumbent, densely spreading- pilose or pilosulous or rarely incurved-spreading-pubescent, about 18 cm. long; lower or all the leaves elliptic or oval, rarely orbicular, 5 to 13 mm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, coriaceous, spreading-pilosulous or incurved-spreading- puberulous, reticulate, the middle and upper usually oblong or lance-oblong and acute; racemes 2 to 8-flowered, geniculate; wings oblong-obovate, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; capsule oblong, striate. 55. Polygala tweedyi Britton; Wheelock, Mem. Torrey Club 2: 143. 1891. Polygala lindheimeri parvifolia Wheelock, Mem. Torrey Club 2: 143. 1891. Polygala arizonae Chod. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31*: 108. 1893. Polygala arizonae tenuifolia Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31’: 109. 1893. Polygala texensis Robinson in A, Gray, Syn. FIL. 11: 451. 1897. Polygala parvifolia Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 392. 1915. Polygala blepharotropis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 73. 1916. 592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Polygala lithophila Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 74. 1916. Polygala pycnophylla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 366. 1917. Sonora, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosf. Oklahoma and western Texas to Arizona; type from Tom Green County, Texas. Suffruticulose, many-stemmed, spreading to erect, incurved-puberulous, 7 to 28 cm. high; leaves dimorphous or uniform, linear to lanceolate, elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 26 mm. long, 1 to 6 mm. wide, the lowest broader than the others, coriaceous, reticulate, incurved-puberulous ; racemes 3 to 22-flowered, geniculate; flowers rosy or whitish; wings obovate, 4 to 5.38 mm. long; capsule oval to oblong. 56. Polygala minutifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 3807. 1911. Polygala nudata T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 183. 1911, Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n; type collected near Monterrey, Nuevo Le6én. Stems very numerous, fruticulose, erect, about 15 cm. high, strigillose or subglabrous; leaves squamiform, linear-lanceolate, 1 to 4.5 mm. long, 0.5 mim. wide, acuminate; racemes straight, 4 to 6-flowered ; flowers white; wings oval-obovate, 4 mm. long; capsule oblong, 2.8 mm. long. 57. Polygala desertorum T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 130. 1889. Southern Baja California; type from Agua Dulce. Frutescent, several or many-stemmed, erect, strigillose, 25 cm. high; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 9 to 18 mm, long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, acute, firm; racemes loose, 5 to 9 em. long; flowers purple and yellow; wings oblong-obovate, glabrous, 8 mm. long, appearing apiculate; capsule oval-oblong, glabrous, 5.5 mm. long; seed subsericeous, 3.5 mm. long. 58. Polygala semialata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 326. 1882. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Zacatecas; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Stems numerous from a fruticulose base, erect or lax, almost filiform, minutely puberulous, 8 to 21 em. long; leaves linear, 5 to 8.5 mm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide; racemes 3 to 12.5 cm. long; flowers whitish; wings oval-obovate, 1.4 mm. long: capsule narrowly oblong, curved, 3.6 mm. long, 1.8 mm. wide, the upper cell larger and distinctly winged; seeds cylindric, curved, 2.5 mm. long. 59. Polygala hemipterocarpa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 31. 1853. Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type collected near ‘“ Deserted Rancho,” on the border of Sonora. Texas to Arizona. Stems several, erect, fruticulose below, glabrous, slightly glaucous, 12 to 56 em. high; leaves linear, 6 to 23 mm. long, 0.6 to 1 mm. wide, acute; racemes 3 to 21 cm, long; flowers white; wings obovate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule oblong, 5 mm. long, the upper cell broadly scarious-winged; seed 2.7 mm. long. 60. Polygala watsoni Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gendéye 317: 285. 1893. Polygala acicularis S. Wats. Proc, Acad. Amer. Acad. 21: 445. 1886. Not P. acicularis Oliver, 1868. Known only from the type locality, Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua. Stems numerous, ascending from a woody base, 35 cm. long or less, finely incurved-puberulous; leaves linear-acicular, 4 to 11 mm. long, 0.4 to 0.6 mm. wide, acuminate, 2-suleate beneath; racemes 6 to 11 mm. long, about 10- flowered; flowers white; wings obovate, 5 mm. long; capsule elliptic, narrow- margined on both cells, 3 mm, long; seed 2.6 mm. long. 61. Polygala scoparioides Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gendve 31 ': 284. 1893. Polygala scoparia multicaulis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 38. 1852. Polygala wrightit A. Gray; A. W. Benn. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 17: 205. 1879, as synonym. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 593 Sonora to Coahuila and San Luis Potosi. Texas to Arizona. Stems numerous, angled, finely incurved-puberulous, 9 to 30 em. high; leaves linear-acicular, 7 to 14 mm. long, 0.6 to 1.38 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, strongly 2-suleate beneath; racemes 1.5 to 7.8 cm. long; flowers white; wings spatulate-obovate, 2.6 to 3 mm. long, appearing acute by inflexion; capsule oblong-elliptic, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide; seed 2.5 to 3 mm. long; aril 1 to 1.9 mm. long. 62. Polygala dolichocarpa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 107. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potost. Stems several, suffruticulose below, 10 to 35 cm. high, sulcate, sparsely in- curved-puberulous, soon becoming nearly leafless; leaves linear, 3 to 4.5 mm, long, 0.3 mm. wide, acuminate, thickish, convex and veinless beneath; racemes loose, 5 to 10 cm. long; flowers white; wings spatulate-obovate, 2.7 to 3.2 mm long; capsule oblong, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the upper cell very narrowly margined ; seed 1.5 mm. long, cylindric; aril 1 mm. long. 63. Polygala scoparia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 399. 1821. ? Polygala mexicana Moc.; DC. Prodr, 1: 333. 1824. Polygala flagellaria Pavon; Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist Nat. Geneve 317: 282, 1893, as synonym. Polygala filiformis Pavén; Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 282 1893, as synonym. Mexico and Veracruz; type collected near the City of Mexico. Stems numerous, fruticulose below, slender, striate, finely incurved-puberu- lous, 7.5 to 18 cm. long; leaves rather crowded, linear-acicular, 5 to 9 mm. long, 0.4 to 1 mm. wide, acuminate, cuspidate, thickish, 1-nerved but not sulcate be- neath; racemes dense or loose below, 0.5 to 2.3 em. long; flowers white; wings obovate, 2.9 mm. long; capsule oval-oblong, 2.7 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm, wide, the upper cell narrowly winged; seed cylindric, 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. long. 64. Polygala michoacana Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 103. 1893. San Luis Potos{ to Puebla and Michoacin; type from Patzcuaro, Michoacfn. Habit and general characters of P. scoparia; leaves up to 1.5 mm. wide; racemes 0.7 to 4.2 em. long; wings cuneate-obovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; capsule suborbicular, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide; seed 1.7 to 2 mm. long; aril 1.2 to 18 mm. long. 65. Polygala viridis S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 17: 325. 1882. Known only from the type locally, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila. Several-stemmed, suffruticulose, spreading, densely spreading-puberulous, 5.5 to 11 cm. long; leaves obovate-spatulate, 5 to 11 mm. long, 1.5 to 3.6 mm. wide, coriaceous, spreading-puberulous; racemes loose, 1 to 2.5 em. long; flowers green with narrow white margin; wings obovate, 2.6 mm. long; capsule oval- oblong, narrowly winged above, 2,8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; seed 2 mm. long; aril 1.2 mm. long. 2. SECURIDACA L. Sp. Pl. 707. 1753. Shrubs or trees, usually scandent; leaves alternate, entire, with peziziform stipular glands; flowers medium or large, in terminal and axillary, often panicled racemes; outer sepals free or the 2 lower united; wings large, petaloid; keel with a fimbriate crest; stamens 8; fruit a 1-celled samara, with a large wing on the lower side. 7808—23 6 594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. One species of the genus, known as “ contraveneno ” and “palomita morada,” is said to be used in Nicaragua as a remedy for snake bites. Leaves strigillose to sparsely pubescent beneath ; pedicels strigillose or pubescent with incurved hairs_.---------- 1. S. diversifolia. Leaves densely and softly pilosulous or pilose beneath; pedicels densely and softly spreading or ascending-puberulous___________ 2. S. sylvestris. 1. Securidaca diversifolia (L.) Blake. Polygala diversifolia L. Sp. Pl. 703. 1753. Securidaca acuminata Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 382. 1840. Not S. acuminata St. Hil, 1829. Securidaca schlechtendaliana Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 236. 1842. Elsota schlechtendaliana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891. ? Securidaca myrtifolia Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 546. 1895, Tamaulipas to Michoacfn (or Guerrero) and southward. Central America to Ecuador; West Indies. Trailing or high-climbing shrub, strigillose or ascending-puberulous; leaves ellipticoblong to ovate or oval, 3.8 to 12 em. long, 2.2 to 5.7 em. wide, thick, above somewhat shining, prominulous-reticulate and paler beneath; racemes usually 6 to 14 cm. long; flowers pink to purplish, the keel with yellow tip; wings suborbicular to oval-ovate, 8.5 to 11:8 mm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide; samara puberulous, 4 to 6 cm. long; fruiting cell wing-margined on upper side, the margin prolonged beyond the cell and connate with the proper wing. “ Flor de arrayfin”’ (Oaxaca). 2. Securidaca sylvestris Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 381. 1840. Elsota sylvestris Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 46. 1891, Veracruz to Tepic and southward; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, climbing to a height of 25 meters, the branchlets densely and softly puberulous; leaves ovate to elliptic or oblong-ovate, 2.7 to 7.5 em. long, 1.2 to 3.3 cm. wide, dull both sides and softly pubescent; racemes 1.5 to 11 cm. long; flowers wine-red or rosy; wings suborbicular, 8 to 11 mm. long; samara spreading-puberulous, 3.8 to 4.7 em. long; fruiting cell narrowly winged on upper side, the wing prolonged for 3 to 7 mm. beyond the fruiting cell and connate with proper wing. 3. MONNINA Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 169. 1798. Herbs or shrubs, very rarely scandent; leaves in ours estipulate; flowers racemed; outer sepals free or the 2 lower united; wings petaloid; keel not crested; stamens 8 or 6; fruit (in the following species) drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with rugose endocarp surface and thin fleshy exocarp, Racemes not at all comose; bracts ovate, obtuse to acute, 1.2 to 2.5 mm. long. Peduncles and young branches densely pilose-tomentose. 1, M. schlechtendaliana. Peduncles and young branches strigillose_..----- 2. M. xalapensis. Racemes comose toward apex; bracts lance-subulate to ovate, acuminate to attenuate, 2.5 to 7 mm. long. Stem and leaves merely strigillose or incurved-puberulous___8. M. sylvatica. Stem and leaves spreading-pilosulous or hirsutulous. Branches and leaves softly spreading-pilosulous; leaves oval, cuneate to rounded at base_.-__----.-- 4, M. guatemalensis. Branches and leaves hirsutulous; leaves lanceolate, long-attenuate at base. 5. M. subserrata. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 595 1. Monnina schlechtendaliana D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 912. 1847, ? Monnina mexicana Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 867. 1881. ? Monnina caerulea Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 1831. Monnina angustifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 3880. 1840. Not M. angustifolia DC. 1824. Monnina stenophylla Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 157, 1841. Not M. stenophyltla St. Hil. 1829. Monnina erioclada Gandog. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 455, 1913. Tepic to Morelos; type collected near the City of Mexico. Branching shrub, the branches in youth like the peduncles densely and usually griseously pilose-tomentose with spreading crisped hairs, in age sub- glabrate; leaves elliptic to lance-elliptic, 4.5 to 8 em, long, 1 to 2.4 cm. wide, thin, beneath appressed-puberulous and along costa spreading-pilose ; racemes solitary or few, dense, 6 cm. long or less; flowers purplish; wings suborbicular, 4 to 4.8 mm. long; drupe obliquely ellipsoid, 6 to 7 mm. long. 2. Monnina xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 5: 414, 1821. ? Monnina dbifurcata DC. Prodr. 1: 339. 1824. ? Monnina ciliolata DC. Prodr, 1: 340. 1824. ? Monnina obscura Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 1881. ? Momnina ciliolosa Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 1: 368. 1831. Monnina ocampi Villada, Mem. Trab. Com. Cient. Pachuca 215, 1865. Monnina aestuans calapensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 48, 1891. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Shrub, about 3 meters high, strigillose, subglabrate; leaves oblanceolate or obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 3.2 to 8.5 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, sparsely strigil- lose; racemes 11 em. long or less; wings suborbicular-oval or oval, 5 to 6 mm. long; drupe 6 to 8.5 mm. long. 8. Monnina sylvatica Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 231. 1830. ? Monnina deppei Don, Hist. Dichl. PL 1: 367. 1831. Monnina evonymoides Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 380. 1840. Monnina sylvicola Chod. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 303. 1891. Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Branching, apparently shrubby, incurved-puberulous; leaves lance-ovate to elliptic or oval, 7.3 to 12 em. long, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, sparsely strigillose ; racemes 18 cm. long or less; bracts lance-subulate, 5 mm. long; wings suborbicu- lar, 4 to 4.7 mm. long; drupe crested, 6 to 7 mm. long. 4. Monnina guatemalensis Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 249. 1896. Chiapas. Northern Guatemala; type from Coban. Shrub with stout, yellow-green, spreading-pilosulous branches; leaves oval, 5.5 to 11 cm. lopg, 2.6 to 7 cm. wide, short-pointed, yellowish green; racemes several, 16 cm. long or less; bracts lance-ovate, acuminate, 4.8 to 7 mm, long; wings obovate-suborbicular, 4.3 to 4.8 mm. long; drupe 8 mm. long. 5. Monnina subserrata Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 250. 1896. Mexico, without definite locality. Branches stout, hirsutulous with very soft thick hairs; leaves lanceolate, 6.5 to 8 em, long, 2.8 to 3.5 cm. wide or smaller, acute, cinerascent-hirsutulous both sides, the younger tomentose; racemes comose; wings obovate-cuneate. 76,-EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family. Trees or shrubs; juice often milky; leaves usually alternate, sometimes oppo- site, entire, dentate, or lobate; stipules often present; flowers unisexual, monoe- 596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. cious or dioecious, variously arranged, usually regular; perianth commonly small, sometimes showy, often wanting; anthers 2-celled; fruit usually capsular, sometimes drupaceous, commonly 3-celled but often with fewer or more nu- merous cells; seeds frequently carunculate. A large family of plants, represented in Mexico also by numerous herbaceous species. The sap usually has purgative and often poisonous properties. Flowers surrounded by an involucre containing both pistillate and staminate flowers; perianth none or minute. Involucre cuplike, regular_____---_--§_- ee 1. EUPHORBIA. Involucre very irregular, oblique______---_--_-» 5 2. PEDILANTHUS. Flowers not involucrate or, if so, the involuecre containing only staminate or pistillate flowers; perianth present and usually well developed. Ovules 2 in each cell; stamens, at least the outer ones, opposite the sepals. Leaves all or mostly opposite _____-___ =. 3. TETRACOCCUS. Leaves alternate. Fruit drupaceous; flowers racemose, dioecious________ 4, HIERONYMA. Fruit capsular, rarely fleshy; flowers never racemose, Flowers monoecious____-__----/-/ 2/5 5 ee 5. PHYLLANTHUS. Flowers dioecious ___--__-___-- 5 5 6. ASTROCASIA. Ovule 1 in each cell; stamens, at least the outer ones, alternate with the sepals, Stamens in bud bent inward, the apex of the anther turned downward, Staminate flowers usually with petals; flowers mostly in terminal racemes __. eee 7. CROTON. Stamens erect in bud. A. Calyx lobes valvate. Petals present in the staminate flowers. Petals 8 to 12; stamens numerous____-- 8. GARCIA. Petals 4 or 5; stamens 5 to 15. Petals entire; stamens in 2 or 3 series___-______ 9. DITAXIS. Petals lobed; stamens in one series______ 10. CHIROPETALUM. Petals none. Stamens numerous, the filaments repeatedly branched; leaves lobed. 11. RICINUS. Stamens few or numerous, the filaments simple; leaves not lobed. Styles united; plants usually with stinging hairs. Inflorescence subtended by 2 large showy bracts; stamens usu- ally 20 to 80_________ 12. DALECHAMPIA. Inflorescence with small inconspicuous bracts; stamens 3 or fewer ____- ee 13. TRAGIA. Styles distinct; plants without stinging hairs. Anther cells elongate, often cylindric and, curved, separated. 14. ACALYPHA. Anther cells globose, or oblong and adnate. Anther cells globose _.__~---_--- ee 15. BERNARDIA. Anther cells elongate. Leaves entire; styles lacerate_____.________ 16. ADELIA. Leaves dentate; styles entire..________ 17. ALCHORNEA. AA. Calyx lobes imbricate. Corolla present or, if absent, the plants with stinging hairs. - 18. JATROPHA. Corolla none; plants never with stinging hairs. Leaves deeply lobed_-_-__.____-_--_--- ee 19. MANIHOT. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 597 Leaves entire or toothed. Capsule large, 5 to 20-celled, elastically dehiscent; bracts large, membranaceous, inclosing the buds, in anthesis irregularly cleft____-____---------------------------------- 20. HURA. Capsule small, usually 3-celled, or the fruit drupaceous and many- celled. Stamens numerous___----~---------------------- 21. MABEA. Stamens 1 to 3. Staminate calyx none or rudimentary. Inflorescence terminal_------------- 22. DALEMBERTIA. Inflorescence axillary --------------- 23. GYMNANTHES. Staminate calyx well developed. Calyx 8 to 6-parted. Seeds carunculate; inflorescence usually terminal. 24. SEBASTIANTIA. Seeds ecarunculate; inflorescence axillary. 25. CORYTHEA. Calyx shallowly lobate. Stamens united; fruit drupaceous___-_26. HIPPOMANE. Stamens distinct; fruit capsular. Column of the capsule present, the seeds usually persist- ent upon it after dehiscence of the capsule. 27. SAPIUM. Column none, but the receptacle usually persistent after the fall of the capsule cells, becoming indurate, 2 or 3-horned __.------------------- 28. STILLINGIA. 1. EUPHORBIA L. Sp. Pl. 450. 1753. RerereNce: Boissier in DC, Prodr. 15°: 7-187, 1865. Shrubs or small trees with milky juice; leaves alternate, opposite, or verticil- late, on long or short petioles, usually entire; flowers involucrate, the involucre cuplike, 4 or 5-lobed, with 4 or 5 glands within, the glands often with petal-like appendages ; perianth none; flowers unisexual; stamen 1 in the staminate flowers; fruit a 3-lobed capsule. One of the largest genera of plants, represented’ in Mexico also by many herbaceous species. The genus is divided by some authors into several, but the present writer has preferred to consider the species as belonging to a single genus. Euphorbia splendens Bojer, the “ crown-of-thorns,” a native of Madagascar, is often cultivated in Mexico, where it is known as “corona de Cristo.” It has somewhat climbing stems which are covered with long stout spines; the involucre is subtended by two large red bracts. A. Leaves alternate, only those of the inflorescence, if any, opposite. Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages. Leaves 1 cm, long or shorter__----------------------- 1. E. longecornuta. Leaves 2 to 15 cm. long or larger. Leaves and stems pubescent__----------------------------- 2. E. fulva. Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so. Bracts bright red; leaves long-petiolate, broadest at or below the mid- dle, often lobed__---------------------------- 5. E. pulcherrima. Bracts green, white, or yellowish, rarely pink; leaves sessile or short- petiolate, broadest above the middle, entire. Leaves 2 to 45 cm. long: floral bracts acute---_---- 6. E. xylopoda. 598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves 6 to 80 em. long or larger; bracts suborbicular. Leaves inostly 6 to 15 cm. long, the blade decurrent to the base of the petiole.-------- 3. E. calyculata. Leaves about 30 cm. long, on naked petioles________ __ 4. E. elata. Glands of the involucre with petal-like appendages. Plants normally leafless_.------- 7. E. antisyphilitica. Plants leafy, at least in the inflorescence. Appendages bright red; leaves glabrous_________-. 8. E. fulgens. Appendages white or yellowish or, if reddish, the leaves pubescent. Involucres glabrous__--------- 9. E. californica. Involucres pubescent. Stems naked, the inflorescence leafy__________ 10. E. consoquitlae. Stems leafy. Stems very thick, gnarled and crooked, woody throughout. 11. E. misera. Stems long and slender, suffrutescent. Leaves glabrous or nearly so____________ 12. E. tresmariae. Leaves densely pilose beneath, at least when. young. 13. E. oaxacana. AA. Leaves all opposite or verticillate. Leaves opposite, more or less oblique at base, usually distichous, sometimes dentate; stipules deltoid to linear. Leaves fincly toothed_...-.-__---_.---- 14, E. tomentulosa, Leaves entire. Leaves acute__------- 15. E. fruticulosa. Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex. Capsule glabrous; leaves mostly 1 em, long or shorter. 16. E. magdalenae. Capsule puberulent ; leaves mostly 1 to 2 em. long__17. E. anthonyi. Leaves mostly verticillate, not oblique at base, entire; stipules glandlike. Leaves linear__------_---__- 18. E. peganoides. Leaves lanceolate to orbicular. Involucres glabrous, the appendages nearly obsolete. 19. E. schlechtendalii. Involucres sparsely or densely pubescent, the appendages well developed. Appendages of the glands linear to oblong, much longer than broad. Appendages cleft into linear lobes__________ | 20. E. chiapensis. Appendages not cleft into linear lobes. Bracts of the inflorescence inconspicuous, sinall, green. 21. E. tricolor. Bracts conspicuous, large, white_____________ 22. E. leucocephala. Appendages broadly ovate to reniform, as broad as long or broader. Bractlets of the inflorescence white or pink, conspicuous. 23. E. lucii-smithii. Bracelets green, inconspicuous. Leaves orbicular or nearly so, mostly 4 to 13 em. wide. 24. E. cotinifolia. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate to ovate, 3 cm. wide or less, Appendages longer than the tube of the involucre__25. E, xanti. Appendages shorter than the tube of the involucre. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, broadest above the middle, usually pubescent beneath_____________ | 26. E. plicata. Leaves mostly ovate or elliptic, broadest at or below the mid- dle, glabrous or nearly so__________ | 27. E. colletioides, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 599 1. Euphorbia tongecornuta S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 161. 1890. Nuevo Le6n; type from Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey. Stems very thick and woody below, 20 cm. high, densely branched, minutely puberulent; leaves very numerous, oblong or elliptic, acute or acutish, very short-petiolate; glands with long-attenuate horns. 2. Euphorbia fulva Stapf, Kew Bull. 1907: 294. 1907. Euphorbia elastica Alt. & Rose, El Palo Amarillo 1. pl. 1-4. 1905. Not FP. elastica Jumelle, 1905. Euphorbiodendron fulvum Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 305. 1909. Jalisco and Guanajuato to Oaxaca. Tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with smooth yellow bark; leaves 3 to 6 em, long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, glabrous above or nearly so, densely pubescent beneath; flow- ering branches usually leafless, forming a 4 or 5-rayed umbel; involucre densely tomentose; capsule glabrous. Generally known as “ palo amarillo”; “ palo colorado,’ “ palo de cucaracha ” (Oaxaca, Reko). This tree is of some importance as a source of rubber. The latex is thin and yellowish white and does not coagulate readily. When dried it is a doughlike, dark yellow substance. By tapping, about a liter of the latex may be obtained from a tree. The greatest difficulty in development of the tree as a source of rubber is found in the separation of the rubber from the resin, the amount of the former being 18 to 20 per cent and of the latter 40 per cent. The resin is said to make an excellent varnish. A good drying oil, suitable for varnish, has been extracted from the seeds.’ 3. Euphorbia calyculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 59. 1817. Tithymalus calyculatus Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: 81. 1860. Euphorbiodendron calyculatum Millsp. Field Mus, Bot. 2: 305. 1909. Michoaciin and Guanajuato; type from Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacfn. Shrub of small tree, glabrous throughout, the branches densely leafly; leaves oblanceolate, often very narrowly so, acute or obtuse, pale green; involucres in broad leafy umbels, the bracts suborbicular, whitish or tinged with red, apiculate. ‘“ Chupire,” “chupiri,” “ chupireni ” (Michoacin, Tarascan, “that which burns”) ; “ tencuanete” or ‘“tenquanete” (Ramirez). The seeds are said to contain 30 per cent of oil, which has purgative proper- ties similar to those of croton oil. The milky juice of the stems causes blisters upon the skin and painful inflamation. This species is said to yield a kind of rubber much inferior to that obtained from F. fulva. The plant is discussed by Hernfindez? in a chapter entitled “De Chupiri, seu Charapeti, aquam rubeo colore tingenti Arcano Venerei morbi.” He states that the inhabitants of Michoacin employed the plant as a remedy for venereal diseases and other affections. 4, Euphorbia elata T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55. 1914. Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas. Glabrous tree, 7 meters high; leaves oblanceolate, about 8 cm. wide; obtuse or acutish; cymes naked, long-pedunculate ; involucres about 9 mm. broad, the lobes lacerate; ovary glabrous. 1Gee F. Altamirano, Fl Palo Amarillo, pn. 1-8. pl. 1-4, Mexico, 1905; Al- tamirano, El palo amarillo como productor de caucho, Mexico, 1905; Otto Stapf, A new rubber tree; palo amarillo, Kew Bull. 1907: 294-296. 1907. * Thesaurus 120. 1651. 600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ; Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 27. 1834, Poinsettia pulcherrima Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ, 20: 412. 1836. Euphorbia fastuosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 80. 1887, Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; cultivated in all the warmer parts of Mexico. Central America; cultivated generally in tropical regions. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves large, usually broadly ovate or panduriform, acuminate, long-petiolate, glabrous or sometimes pubescent beneath; bracts of the inflorescence large and leaflike, bright red; involucres yellow. “Flor de Pascua” (Michoacin, yuerrero, Veracruz, Hidalgo, ete., Central America, Cuba); “Santa Catarina,” “ flor de Santa Catarina ” (Oaxaca); “ Catalina” (Durango, Hidalgo); “ pafio holandés”” (Oaxaca); “ cuitla-xochitl ” (Nahuatl); “flor de Nochebuena,” “pafho de Holanda,” “ flor de fuego,” “ Nochebuena ”; “ bandera ” (Durango) ; “bebeta” (Veracruz); “pastora” (Costa Rica); “ pastores” (Nicaragua) ; “Pascuas” (Philippines). This plant, which is generally known as “ poinsettia,” is cultivated widely in tropical countries and also in hothouses in temperate regions. In the United States it is especially common in florists’ shops about Christmas time. The bright red floral leaves make the plant extremely showy. It grows readily from cuttings. The bark is said to contain a red coloring principle, and it is reported that the bracts yield a scarlet dye. In Mexico a decoction of the bracts is some- times taken by nursing women to increase the flow of milk, but the practice is said to be dangerous. The leaves are applied as poultices for erysipelas and various cutaneous affectations, and Grosourdy states that the milky juice was employed by the Indians to remove hair from the skin, 6. Euphorbia xylopoda Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 480. 1898. Known only from the type locality, hills of Las Sedas, Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 meters. : Slender glabrous shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high; leaves elliptic or obovate, 5 to 12 mm. wide, rounded to acutish at apex, pale beneath; involucres terminal, solitary, the floral leaves green and white. 7. Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 1; 292. 1829-30, Huphorbia occulta Klotzsch in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 277. 1856. ? Euphorbia cerifera Alcocer, Anal. Inst, Méd. Nac. Méx. 11: 155. 1911. Coahuila to Hidalgo and Puebla. Stems numerous, suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, usually pale green, minutely puberulent or glabrous, leafless, simple or branched; leaves said to be linear; involucres puberulent, in small clusters along the stems; capsule glabrous. “Candelilla” (Zacatecas, San Luis Potosf, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Le6én). A kind of wax thickly covers the branches, and factories in Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi have engaged in the extraction of this substance. The plant frequently grows with the guayule (Parthenium argentatum tis not wholsom to be under the shade of this tree. The fellers, as they cut them down, are very careful of their eyes; and those that have Cipers, put it over their faces; for if any of the sap fly into their eyes, they become blind for a month, * * * Yet, of this timber we make all, or the most part, of the Pots we cure our Sugar in; for, being sawed, and the boards dryed in the Sun, the poyson vapours out. * * * The fruit is like an apple John, and ’tis said to be one of those poysons, wherewith the Indian Caniballs envenome their arrows.” 27. SAPIUM Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 249. 1763. REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV, 147°: 199-258. 1912. Trees or shrubs, glabrous; leaves alternate, petiolate, usually glandular-den- ticulate, the stipules small; flowers monoecious, apetalous, spicate, the spikes terminal or lateral. Some of the species are said to be used for dyeing and tanning. Sapiwm jenmanii Hemsl. is the chief source of rubber in British Guiana. 8S. verum Hemnsl., of Colombia, is an important source of rubber, and the same is true of 8S. pavonianum Huber, also a native of Colombia, where it is known as “palo de leche.” Spikes lateral or-axillary ; leaves mostly 15 to 20 em. long---1. S. lateriflorum. Spikes terminal; leaves mostly less than 15 cm. long. Glands at base of the leaf blade small, depressed. Leaves oval, 3 to 5.5 ecm, wide_--------~----------- 2. S. appendiculatum. Leaves narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, less than 1.5 em. wide. 3. S. biloculare. Glands large, conic or cylindric. Capsule sessile or nearly so; lateral nerves of the leaves nearly horizontal and straight-___------------------------------- 4, S. macrocarpum. Capsule long-stipitate; lateral nerves ascending, arcuate. 5. S. pedicellatum. 1. Sapium lateriflorum Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. pl. 2680. 1901. Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz. Guatemala. Tree; leaves mostly elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide, usually rounded and short-pointed at apex, entire or nearly so, long-petiolate, with two large conic glands at the apex of the petiole, ‘ Hierba de la flecha,” “palo de la flecha” (Oaxaca) ; “ hiza” (Sinaloa). The milky sap is reported to be irritating and poisonous. 2. Sapium appendiculatum (Muell. Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzen- reich IV. 147°: 214. 1912. Stillingia appendiculata Muell, Arg. Linnaea 32: 87. 18638. Sinaloa to southern Chihuahua and Oaxaca. Slender tree, 8 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, short- pointed at apex, serrulate or entire, often glaucescent; capsule 9 mm. long. “ Hierba de la flecha ” (Sinaloa) ; “palo de la flecha ” (Sinaloa, Chihuahua). As in other species, the milky juice is poisonous, and was used by the Indians for poisoning their arrows. 2 Richard Ligon, a true and exact history of the island of Barbadoes, p. 68. 1678. 652 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Sapium biloculare (S. Wats.) Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1477: 221. 1912, Sebastiania bilocularis S. Wats, Proc. Amer. Acad, 20: 374. 1885. Sonora and Baja California; type collected between Ray6n and Ures, Sonora. Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 ecm. long, short- petiolate, often glaucescent, rounded to acuminate at apex, glandular-serru- late; fruit 2-celled, about 1 cm. long. ‘“ Hierba de la flecha ” (Sonora, Baja California) ; “hierba mala” (Sonora) ; “mago,” “ magot” (Opata). This plant, like Sebastiania pavoniana, produces “ jumping beans” (see p. G48). The juice is poisonous as in other species, and in Baja California the finely chopped branches ‘are thrown in water to stupefy fish. Exposure to smoke from the burning wood or sleeping in the shade of the tree is said to cause sore eyes. The juice igs said to be used by the Opata Indians to poison their arrows, but according to McGee’ the evidence to this effect is not conclusive. This is probably the plant to which Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) makes reference, as follows: “Among the few plants of California there are some harmful ones, one of which is a certain shrub called by the Spuniards of that region palo de la flecha, for from it the Indians dwelling along the coast of Sonora obtain the terrible poison with which they poison their arrows, so as to cause mortal wounds. The Californians, although they are acquainted with the evil pro- perties of the plant, have never employed it.” The leaves are broader in Baja California specimens than in those from Sonora, but it is doubtful whether the peninsular plant differs essentially. For an illustration of the tree see Contr, U, S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 117, B. 4. Sapium macrocarpum Muell. Arg. Linnaea 82: 119, 1863. Sapium mexicanum Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 2680, 1901, Guanajuato to Morelos, Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves 7 to 15 em. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, acute or obtuse, long-petiolate, obscurely denticulate; seeds nearly 1 cm. long. “ Palo lech6n,” “hincha huevos” (Morelos). The juice causes inflammation if it comes in contact with the skin. The wood is weak and soft. 5. Sapium pedicellatum Huber, Bull. Herb, Boiss. II. 6: 352. f. 9. 1906. Sinaloa to Colima. Tree of medium size; leaves 5 to 12 em, long, long-petiolate, acuminate or short-pointed, serrulate; seeds 5 to 7 mm. long. “ Higuerillo bravo” (Colima), 28. STILLINGIA A. Garden in L. Mant. Pl. 19, 1767. REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1477: 180-199, 1912. Glabrous shrubs; leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, glandular-serrate ; flowers monoecious, apetalous, spicate, the spikes usually terminal; capsule 3 or 2-lobate. A few herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The dried root of S. sylvatica L., a United States species, is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The plant is known locally as “ queen’s-delight ” and “yaw-root.” The root is said to contain an alkaloid, stillingine. The fluid extract is used in large doses as an emetic and cathartic and in smaller ones as *Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 17: 259*, 1898. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 653 an alterative. It is employed for syphilitic affections, scrofula, cutaneous diseases, and chronic hepatic affections. Hernfindez gives two figures’ that appear to represent species of this genus, both without description. Each is said to bear the name “ amozotl.” Staminate flowers solitary in the bracts. Staminate calyx 1.5 mm, long_--------------------------- 1. S. acutifolia. Staminate calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long_---~------------------- 2. S. macrantha. Staminate flowers several in each bract. Leaves opposite _-_----------------------------------- 3. S. sanguinolenta. Leaves alternate. Leaves linear or lance-linear, less than 8 mm. wide____4. S. bicarpellaris. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, 12 to 22 mm. wide---------- 5. S. zelayensis. 1. Stillingia acutifolia Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 135. 1883. Sapium acutifolium Benth, Pl. Hartw. 90. 1842. Stillingia propria T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 185. 1915. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Hacienda de Argueta. Shrub; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, sharply serrate; capsule 5 mm. long. 2. Stillingia macrantha (Muell. Arg.) Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 185. 1883. Gymnostillingia macrantha Muell. Arg. Linnaea 82: 90. 1863. Based upon a plant said to have been collected in Mexico by Pavén. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 7 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, serrate. 3, Stillingia sanguinolenta Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 88. 1863. Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type from “ Bafios de Atot.” Shrub, about a meter high or smaller; leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 5 ecm, long, serrate. Very variable in leaf shape. Material from Chiapas is closely related. 4. Stillingia bicarpellaris S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 455. 1886. Coahuila to Guanajuato and Hidalgo; type from Sierra Jimulco, Coahuila. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, very shortly petiolate, remotely glandular-denticulate ; capsule about 9 mm. long. 5. Stillingia zelayensis (H. B. K.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 87. 1863. Sapium zelayense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 51. 1817. Jalisco to San Luis Potosi and Morelos; type from Celaya, Guanajuato. Shrub, about a meter high; leaves 3.5 to 9.5 cm. long, acuminate to very obtuse, sharply serrulate ; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long. 77. BUXACEAE. Box Family. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, persistent, entire; flowers unisexual, in axillary inflorescences, small and inconspicuous ; perianth of 4 or 5 sepals in the staminate fiowers; petals none; stamens 4 or numerous; ovules solitary or geminate; fruit a 3-celled capsule, Stamens 4; capsule 3-horned at apex - - _-1. BUXUS. Stamens numerous; capsule not 3-horned_ ___-2. SIMMONDSIA. 1. BUXUS L. Sp. Pl. 983. 1753. Shrubs, glabrous or pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous; flowers in dense axillary clusters, sessile or short-pedicellate ; stamens opposite the sepals; sepals 6 in the pistillate flowers; seeds 3-angled. ivThesaurus 349, 458. 1651. 654 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, The Old World box, Buxus sempervirens L., which is the best-known species, is often grown ag a hedge plant. The plant is bitter and contains an alkaloid, buxine. A volatile oil distilled from the wood has been used in epilepsy, and a decoction of the wood has been employed in the treatment of rheumatism and secondary syphilis. 4. M. diffusa. Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface_------------ 5. M. hidalgensis. 1. Mortonia scabrella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 28. 1853. Chihuahua and northern Sonora; type from San Pedro, Sonora. Southern Arizona to western Texas. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, densely branched ; leaves short-petiolate, 5 to 9 mm. long, rounded at apex, scaberulous on the upper surface, very thick, with revolute margins; calyx hirtellous ; petals 2 mm, long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. 2, Mortonia palmeri Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 24. 1879. Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, and Zacatecas; type from the region of San Luis Potosi. Branches puberulent; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous, very thick, the margins strongly revolute; calyx glabrous; petals suborbicular, 2 mm, long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. “Afinador” (Zacatecas). 3. Mortonia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 1: 35. 1852. Mortonia effusa Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 453. Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n; type from Rinconada., Branches puberulent; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, mucronate, bright green; calyx glabrous; petals 2 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Afinador ” (Coahuila). 4. Mortonia diffusa Rose & Standl., sp. nov. Puebla; type from Tehuacin (Pringle 8569; U. 8. Nat. Herb. No. 461507). Shrub, 1 to 1.15 meters high, the branches brown, hirtellous; leaves short- petiolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, mucronate, bright green ; inflorescence comparatively large and lax; calyx glabrous; petals suborbicular, 2 mm. long. . Collected also at San Luis Tultilanapa by Purpus (no, 2700). 5, Mortonia hidalgensis Standl., sp. nov. Hidalgo; type from Zimapén (Ehrenberg 1038; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 617127). Branches densely hirtellous; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, oblanceo- late or obovate, rounded at apex, mucronate, bright green, glabrous beneath ; inflorescence small and dense; calyx hirtellous; petals orbicular, 2 mm. long; fruit 4 mm. long. Collected also at Ixmiquilpan by Rose, Painter, and Rose (no. 9047). 684 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 13. ORTHOSPHENIA Standl., gen. nov. Erect shrub; leaves alternate, coriaceous, glandular-serrate, short-petiolate ; stipules minute, subulate, persistent; flowers minute, solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils, nearly Sessile; calyx deeply 5-lobate, the lobes obtuse, thickened, persistent; petals 5; stamens 5; stigma nearly sessile, shallowly bilobate; fruit apparently dry and indehiscent, thin-walled, 1-celled; seeds 2, basilar, erect, without endosperm. 1. Orthosphenia mexicana Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Miquihuana and Doctor Arroyo, along the boundary between Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon (Nelson 4509; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 332538). Branches terete, grayish, glabrous or nearly so; leaves approximate, erect and subappressed, subimbricate, cuneate-obovate, 5 to 8 mm. long, rounded at apex, cuneate at base, on a very short thick petiole, very thick, glabrous or nearly so, coarsely glandular-serrate, the venation nearly obsolete; flowers 1 to 3 in each axil, about 1.5 mm. long in bud, glabrous; fruit oval-globose, 3 mm. long, green, smooth and glabrous; seeds semiglobose, blackish, 2.5 mm. long. The type specimen consists of a fruiting branch. The writer has seen one other specimen of the plant, collected by Berlandier and labeled “ Matamoros ?” It consists of a single branch bearing flower buds. Each tooth of the leaves ends in a pore from which there is a copious exudate of wax. When the leaves are boiled in water the wax melts and rises to the surface. 14. ACANTHOTHAMNUS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3:383. 1909. 1. Acanthothamnus aphyllus (Schlecht.) Standl. Celastrus aphyllus Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 458, 1841. Acanthothamnus viridis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 383. 1909. Scandivepres mexricanus Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 292. 1910. Puebla and perhaps elsewhere; type from Jacualtepén. Densely branched glabrous shrub, 1 meter high, with green alternate branches; leaves alternate, caducous, narrowly spatulate, 5 mm. long; stipules glandlike; flowers axillary, pedicellate ; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, suborbicular, 2 to 3 mm. long; stamens 5; ovary 2-celled; fruit ovoid, red, 5 mm, long, the exocarp thin, fleshy, 1-celled; seed 1. In general appearance the plant suggests Koeberlinia. There is little doubt that the names given by Schlechtendal and Brandegee apply to the same plant. 15. PERROTTETIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 7: 73. 1825. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, short-petiolate; flowers minute, polygamo- dioecious, in axillary panicles; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, valvate or obscurely imbricate; stamens 5; ovary 2-celled; fruit baccate, 2-celled, 2 to 4-seeded. Leaves broadly rounded at base; panicle branches glabrous________ 1. P. ovata. Leaves obtuse or broadly cuneate at base; panicle branches minutely puberulent. 2. P. longistylis. 1. Perrottetia ovata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. G6. 1878. Perrottetia glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 110. 1897. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves broadly ovate, 7 to 13 cm. long, 4 to 6 em, wide, long-acuminate, serrulate; panicles lax and open, long-pedunculate, equaling or shorter than the leaves. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 685 2. Perrottetia longistylis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 110. 1897. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Izhuatlancillo, near Orizaba, Veracruz. Guatemala. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 7 to 20 cm. long, 83 to 8 em, wide, acuminate, serrulate, finely puberulent beneath or glabrate; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves. Reported by Hemsley as P. quindiuensis H. B. K. 16. ELAEODENDRON Jacq. Nov. Act. Helv. Phys. Math, 1: 36. 1787. 1. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Prodr. 2: 11. 1825. Cassine xylocarpa Vent. Choix Pl. Cels 23. pl. 23, 1808. Elaeodendron xylocarpum continentale Harms & Loes. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 98. 1900. Veracruz; Tres Marias Islands (?). West Indies; Mujeres Island. Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves short- petiolate, obovate to elliptic-oblong or rounded, 4 to 13 cm. long, acute or obtuse, acute to rounded at base, coriaceous, obscurely serrulate or crenulate, often pale; petals white, about 3 mm. long; fruit globose or obovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, yellow or orange. “ Guayarrote,” “ coscorrén,” “ cocorrén ” (Porto Rico) ; “pifiipifi,”’ ‘“ pinipiniche ” (Cuba). The vernacular name of the Tres Marfas Islands plant is given as ‘mano de leén.” 84, HIPPOCRATEACEAE. Hippocratea Family. 1, HIPPOCRATEA L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753. REFERENCE: Miers, On the Hippocrateaceae of South America, Trans, Linn. Soc, Bot. 28: 319-482. pl. 16-32. 1872. Trees or shrubs, often scandent; leaves opposite, persistent, petiolate, entire or toothed; stipules small, caducous ; flowers small, greenish, in axillary cymes or panicles; calyx 5-parted ; petals usually 5, spreading, valvate or imbricate ; stamens 3; fruit a large capsule, strongly compressed vertically, 3-lobed or of 3-carpels, the carpels coriaceous, bivalvate along the middle; seeds 2 to 6 in each cell, large, compressed, broadly winged. Hippocratea volubilis L, (H. ovata Lam.; H. scandens Jacq.) has been re- ported from Mexico, but no specimens have been seen by the writer. It is a West Indian species, with edible seeds. The seeds yield an odorless color- less oil. The plant is reputed to have pectoral properties, and it is one of the West Indian remedies for snake bites. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or very sparsely and obscurely puberu- lent, slender; inflorescence long, much branched, many-flowered ; branchlets glabrous. ° Leaves mostly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 7 em. wide, broadest about the middle, usually acute or short-acuminate; cymes much shorter than the leaves CnC 1, H. celastroides. Leaves obovate-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 1 to 3.5 cm. wide, broadest to- ward the apex, usually rounded or obtuse at apex; cymes often longer than the leaves_ - - 2. H. acapulcensis. Branches of the inflorescence densely puberulent or tomentulose, stout inflor- escence short and comparatively few-flowered; branchlets often densely puberulent. Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface, pubescent beneath, at least when young ___------------------- oe eee 8. H. uniflora. 686 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves smooth, glabrous. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at buse. Capsule lobes rounded at apex; leaves crenate-serrate______ 4. H. utilis. Capsule lobes deeply notched; leaves entire__________ 5. H. chiapensis. Leaves acute at base. Panicles scarcely longer than the petioles, few-flowered; leaves 10 to 15 cm. long_—--- 6. H. rovirosae. Panicles half as long as the leaves or longer; leaves usually less than 10 cm. long. Branches of the inflorescence hirtellous________._______ 7. H. excelsa. Branches of the inflorescence tomentulose. Flowers 6 to 7 mm. broad______-___---- 8. H. elliptica. Flowers 4 mm, broad_____.-- 9. H. acutiflora. 1. Hippocratea celastroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 186. 1821. Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatin; type from Venta de Estola. Guatemala. Glabrous scandent shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, 4 to 14 em, long, bright green, entire or crenate-serrulate, acute or obtuse at base; flowers greenish yellow ; capsule lobes rounded-obovate, rounded at apex. “ Tulubalam ” (Yuca- tin, Maya). Specimens of this species from Yucatin were determined by Radlkofer as H. grisebachit Loes. That is a South American species, and perhaps synony- mous with H. celastroides, 2. Hippocratea acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 187. 1821. Pristimera tenella Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 365. 1872. Tontelea hookeriana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 388. 1872. Hippocratea pauciflora Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 197, 1899. Sinaloa to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero, Scandent shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters long or more, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, bright green or gray-green, entire or crenulate; flowers green; sepals usually lacerate-dentate; petals glabrous, often denticu- late; capsule lobes oblong to rounded-obovate, 3.5 to 7 cm, long, rounded or shallowly notched at apex. ‘ Hierba del puyo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “cuanabichi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘“ mata-piojo,” “hierba del piojo,” “bejuco de piojo,” ‘pepitas de piojo” (seeds), “semillas de piojo” (Oaxaca). A paste or tincture of the seeds is used to kill parasites upon the human body. A specimen from Michoacin (Nelson 6922) is remarkable for its narrow and very long (16 to 19 cm.) leaves, but it is probably not specifically different. 3. Hippocratea uniflora DC. Prodr. 1: 567. 1824. Hippocratea mexicana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot, 28: 352. 1872. Hippocratea seleriana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 561. 1899. Durango to Oaxaca; original description based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates. Guatemala. Krect shrub or tree with gray branches; leaves obovate-oblong or broadly obovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at base, broadly rounded at apex, gray-green, very thick, short-petiolate, entire or nearly so; flowers about 7 mm. broad; capsule lobes rounded-obovate, about 5.5 em. long and 4.5 cm. wide, deeply notched at apex. 4. Hippocratea utilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 197. 1899. Mountains of Sinaloa; type from Colomas. High-climbing shrub; leaves elliptic or broadly elliptic, 5 to 8.5 em. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, bright green, cremate, petiolate, obtuse to short-acuminate STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 687 at apex; capsule lobes elliptic-oblong, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, 2.5 em. wide, rounded at apex. ‘“ Bejuco colorado.” The tough stems are used for binding fences, the framework of houses, and similar purposes. 5. Hippocratea chiapensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from San Vicente, Chiapas (Goldman 888; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470689). Erect shrub or tree; leaves oval or oval-elliptic, 4.5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 4.5 em. wide, rounded at apex and sometimes very shortly pointed, coriaceous, bright green, short-petiolate ; branches of the inflorescence tomentulose; flowers 8 mm. broad, the disk and petals glabrous; capsule glabrous, the lobes broadly obovate, about 6.5 em. long and 5 cm. wide. 6. Hippocratea rovirosae Standl., sp. nov. Type from Mayito, Tabasco (Rovirosa 411; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 985856). Probably scandent, the branchlets slender, brown; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 3 to 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex, rather coarsely crenate, bright green ; panicles few-flowered, tomentu- lose; flowers 5 mm. broad, the petals obtuse, barbate within. 7%. Hippocratea excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 188, 1821, Type collected between Acapulco and Mazatlan, Guerrero. Reported from Panama. Tall tree; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 7 to 7.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, undulate-crenate; panicles many-flowered. 8. Hippocratea elliptica H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 188. 1821. Hippocratea meizantha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 72, 1917. Guerrero and Morelos; type collected between Taxco and Tepecoacuilco, Guerrero. Seandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oval-elliptic, 5 to 9 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, obtuse or acute, obscurely crenate-serrulate, bright green; petals barbate within. 9. Hippocratea acutiflora DC. Prodr. 1: 568. 1824. Deseribed from Mexico, the locality not known. Scandent shrub; leaves elongate-elliptic, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, acute, subserrate, bright green; panicles 2.5 to 6.5 em. long; capsule lobes obovate. 85. STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladdernut Family. Trees or erect shrubs; leaves opposite, usually pinnately compound, stipu- late; flowers perfect, in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; sepals 5; stamens 5; ovary usually 3-celled; fruit 3-celled, capsular or leathery and indehiscent. Fruit thin, inflated and bladder-like; ovary 3-parted__------ 1. STAPHYLEA. Fruit leathery, indehiscent; ovary 3-lobed_-------------------- 2. TURPINIA. 1. STAPHYLEA L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753. 1. Staphylea pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 146. 1890. Nuevo Leén to Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Large shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 3, oval-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm, long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, finely serrulate, villosulous beneath when young but soon glabrate; flowers white, the panicles often 688 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. longer than the leaves; petals 7 mm. long; fruit about 5 cm. long and 3.5 ecm. broad, thin, 3-lobed at apex. Doubtless through a slip of the pen, this species was listed by Pax? as “S. mexicana Watson.” 2. TURPINIA Vent. Choix Pl. Cels. 31. 1803. Glabrous trees or shrubs; leaves with 1 or more leaflets; flowers perfect, in terminal panicles; petals orbicular or nearly so; fruit subglobose, fleshy or coriaceous, few or many-seeded. Leaves 1-foliolate_____-____________ 1, T. insignis. Leaves 3 to 9-foliolate--__-___-___-_---___-_-___ 2. T. occidentalis. 1. Turpinia insignis (H. B. K.) Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 7: 296. 1847. Lacepedea insignis H. B. Ik. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 5: 143. pl. 444. 1821. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Shrub or small tree; leaves persistent, petiolate, the leaflet elliptic or elliptic- oblong, 7 to 15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, entire or obscurely crenate-serrulate; panicles about as long as the leaves; flowers white, 5 mm. long. 2. Turpinia occidentalis (Swartz) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 3. 1832. Staphylea occidentalis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 55. 1788. ? Lacepedea pinnata Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 240. 1835. Veracruz and Puebla. West Indies and Central America. Shrub or small tree; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-oblong, or ovate- lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate or long-acuminate, crenate-serrate; panicles usually large but few-flowered ; flowers 5 to 7 mm. long, white; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. Schlechtendal’s species was based upon fruiting material, but it is probably synonymous with 7. occidentalis. Turpinia paniculata Vent. has been re- ported from Mexico, and may perhaps occur there, since it is found in Central America. It is distinguished by its smaller flowers, DOUBTFUL SPECIES. TURPINIA ? TOMENTOSA Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824. 86. ICACINACEAE. Icacina Family. Shrubs or trees; leaves chiefly alternate, usually entire, estipulate; flowers small, perfect or unisexual; calyx inferior, 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes commonly imbricate; petals 4 or 5, sometimes united below, valvate; stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them; ovary usually 1-celled ; fruit drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Flowers 4-parted_____--_---- 1, CALATOLA. Flowers 5-parted. Petals hairy inside___------ 2. MAPPIA. Petals glabrous____-_---_-----_-_---_-_----__-__ ee 3. OECOPETALUM. 1. CALATOLA Standl., gen. nov. Trees ; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or sinuate-serrate; flowers dioecious, the staminate bracteate, in long slender solitary axillary spikes, the pistillate axillary, solitary and pedunculate or in few-flowered spikelike inflorescences; staminate calyx 4-lobate, the corolla’ 4-parted, the lobes concave, valvate; stamens 4, alternate with the corolla lobes, erect, basifixed, the filaments very *In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 261. 1893. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 689 short, adnate to the corolla, the anthers oblong, 2-celled, dehiscent by lateral slits; pistillate calyx 4-lobate; ovary 1-celled; fruit drupaceous, large, globose or ovoid, with thin flesh, the putamen osseous, bicristate and with numerous irregular dentate crests over the whole surface. One other species is known, a native of Costa Rica. Leaves densely pubescent beneath_------------------------------ 1. C. mollis, Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so_-----~----~~------------ 2. C. laevigata. 1. Calatola mollis Standl., sp. nov. Puebla; type from Zacatlin (F. Salazar, April 3, 1913). Tree, about 20 meters high; leaves oval-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 20 to 30 cm. long, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; staminate spikes 8 to 20 cm. long; corolla 2 mm. long; fruit 5 to 5.5 cm. long, 4 to 4.5 cm. thick, densely tomentose. ‘‘Nuez de calatola,” “calatolazno” (tree), “colas de ratas” (spikes). The seeds are said to have vomitive-purgative properties. 2. Calatola laevigata Standl., sp. nov. Oaxaca; type from Cafetal San Carlos, Cerro Espino, altitude 800 meters (Reko 3440; U. S. Nat. Herb, no. 988705). Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 11 to 16 cm, long, acute, obtuse or acute at base; staminate spikes 4 to 6 cm. long or larger; pistillate flowers in short dense spikes; young fruit glabrate. “ Palo de tinta.” 2, MAPPIA Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 22. 1797. 1. Mappia mexicana Robins & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 150. 1895. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Micos, San Luis Potosf. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate or oblong- obovate, 7.5 to 10.5 em. long, obtuse, cuneate at base, glabrous; flowers in long-pedunculate cymose panicles; calyx minutely pubescent; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit black, 1.5 cm. long. 3. OECOPETALUM Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 408, 1914. A single species is known. 1. Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 408. pl. 25, 194. Type from mountains near Misantla, Veracruz. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 em. long, short- acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so; flowers in axillary pedunculate pubescent cymes, calyx tomentose, the lobes ovate, obtuse; petals 8 mm. long; ovary glabrous. 87. ACERACEAE, Maple Family. 1. ACER L. Sp. Pl. 1054. 1753. Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, simple or pinnate, deciduous, petiolate ; flowers unisexual, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; calyx 4 or 5-lobed or parted ; petals as many as the calyx lobes or none; stamens 4 to 12; fruit of 2 large united samaras. Some of the maples make excellent shade trees and they are often cultivated for this purpose. One European species, A. pseudoplatanus L. (‘‘ sicomoro”’), the sycamore maple, is said to be grown in Mexico. In most of the American species of the genus the sap is sweet, and by evaporation this yields maple sugar, an article well known to the Indians of North America, and still har- vested in large quantities in the United States each year. 7808—23——12 690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves pinnate. Young branchlets densely pubescent___________.... 1. A. serratum. Young branchlets glabrous_______-_..-_ 2. A. orizabense, Leaves simple, lobed. Leaves truncate or rounded at base_____..-___ 3. A. mexicanum. Leaves cordate at base_.._-_----- 4, A. brachypterum. 1. Acer serratum Pax, Bot. Pahrb. Engler 6: 296. 1885. Negundo mexicanum DC. Prodr. 1: 545. 1824. Acer mexicanum Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 7: 212. 1886. Not A. mexicanum A. Gray, 1862, Tlaxcala, Mexico, Puebla, and Chiapas, and probably elsewhere. Guatemala. Tree; leaflets 3, lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, long-acuminate, coarsely and irregularly serrate, densely pubescent beneath ; flowers dioecious ; petals none; samaras about 3 cm. long, pubescent. “Acezintle,” “ acecincle ” (Mexico) ; “ arce.” 2. Acer orizabense (Rydb.) Standl, Negundo orizabense Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 55. 1913. Veracruz, Mexico, and Michoacan: type from Orizaba, Veracruz. Tree, the young branches green; leaflets 3, lanceolate, ovate, or rhombic-oval, 5 to 15 em. long, acute or acuminate, serrate, soon glabrate beneath; petals none; samaras 3.5 to 4 em. long. This is closely related to A. negundo L., the box-elder of the United States, and may not be distinct. 3. Acer mexicanum A. Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. 5: 176. 1862. Described from Nuevo Leon. Leaves dilatate-cuneate and 3-lobed or 5-lobed, about 5 em. broad, the lobes sinuate, glabrate; flowers polygamous; samaras glabrate, the wing 1.5 to 2 cm. long. 4. Acer brachypterum Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 146. 1913. Mountains of Chihuahua and Sonora ; type from San Luis Mountains. South- ern New Mexico. Tree, 18 meters high or less, the trunk sometimes 70 em. in diameter, with spreading crown; leaves 5-lobed, 6 to 8 cm. wide, paler beneath and velutinous, the lobes sinuate or entire: samaras glabrate, the wings about 1.5 ecm. long. This is closely related to A. grandidentatum Nutt., of the western United States and may be only a form of that species. The leaves turn red in autumn. 88. AESCULACEAE. Horse-chestnut Family. Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, estipulate, digitately 3 to 9-foliolate, the leaflets serrate or entire; flowers paniculate or racemose, terminal, polygamous, irregular; calyx 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, unequal, clawed; stamens 5 to 8; fruit a coriaceous capsule, subglobose or 3-lobate, usually 3-celled: seeds one in each cell, Calyx lobed nearly to the base; leaves persistent; leaflets 3______ 1. BILLIA. Calyx lobed to the middle or less deeply; leaves deciduous; leaflets usually 5 or 7__---- 2. AESCULUS. 1. BILLIA Peyr. Bot. Zeit. 16: 153. 1858. 1. Billia hippocastanum Peyr. Bot. Zeit. 16: 153. 1858. Aesculus mexicana Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 212. 1880. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 691 Tree; leaves long-petiolate, the leaflets long-stalked, lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate, 7 to 20 cm. long, long-acuminate, entire or nearly so, lustrous, glabrous; panicles shorter than the leaves ; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, puberulent ; petals deep red, 1.5 to 2 em. long. One other species of the genus is known, B. columbiana Planch. & Lind., ranging from Guatemala to Colombia. 2, AESCULUS L. Sp. Pl. 344. 1753. The species which grow in the United States are known by the names “ horse- chestnut ” and “ buckeye.” They are mostly large trees and are often planted for shade. Ramfrez reports that Aesculus hippocastanum L. is planted in Mex- ico and is known as “ castafio de Indias.” The seeds of this species are bitter and poisonous. They contain much starch, and the bitter principle can be removed by alcohol or other agents and the starch extracted in an innocuous condition. The leaves contain a bitter principle, esculin, An extract of the wood is employed for dyeing silk black. The seeds of Aesculus californica Nutt. were used as food by the Indians of California, after having been roasted and the poisonous principle washed from the kernels with water.- In the southern United States the seeds of various species have been used for stupefying fish, being first ground and mixed with flour, then thrown, into the water. The roots also have been used as a substitute for soap in washing woolen and cotton goods. 1. Aesculus parryi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 200. 1882. Northern Baja California. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets obovate or oblong-obovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, sessile or short-stalked, obtuse, entire or nearly so, tomentulose beneath ; panicles narrow, 8 to 20 em. long; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long, tomentose; fruit to- mentose and somewhat tuberculate. 89. SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family. Tree or shrubs, rarely herbs, often scandent and tendril-bearing; leaves usually alternate, compound or sometimes simple, usually persistent ; flowers small, usually polygamo-dicecious ; sepals 4 or 5, free or connate; petals 3 to 5, or absent; stamens usually 8; fruit capsular, drupaceous, baceate, or sama- roid, 1 to 4-celled. Leaves with a terminal leaflet, or sometimes simple. Plants scandent; leaves often twice compound. Fruit a 3-winged capsule or of 3 samaras. Fruit of 3 samaras, the seeds borne above the middle of the samara. 1. SERJANIA. Fruit a 3-winged papery capsule, the seeds borne at the middle of the cell. 2. URVILLEA. Fruit not winged, capsular. Fruit thin and inflated, the cells loculicidal____-3. CARDIOSPERMUM. Fruit thick and hard, not inflated, the cells septicidal. 4, PAULLINIA. Plants erect; leaves simple or once pinnate. Fruit not winged. Fruit indehiscent; flowers small, white or greenish__5. ALLOPHYLUS. Fruit dehiscent; flowers large, purplish pink____-_----- 6. UNGNADIA. 692 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Fruit winged. Leaves compound_____--_--- 7. THOUINIA, Leaves simple. Fruit 8-celled__.------- 8. DODONAEA. Fruit 1-celled___---__--_-- 9. NEOPRINGLEA. Leaves pinnate, the terminal leaflet absent. Seeds 2 in each cell___--------- 10. EXOTHEA., Seeds 1 in each cell. Fruit dehiscent. Sepals distinct__-...-.------- 11. CUPANIA, Sepals united_----------- 12. MATAYBA. Fruit indehiscent. Fruit of usually 3 samaras_____...__ 13. THOUINIDIUM. Fruit baccate or drupaceous. Fruit pubescent, not lobed; leaflets 4-____.______ | 14. TALISIA. Fruit glabrous, usually deeply 2-lobed but only one of the carpels de- veloping ; leaflets usually more than 4___________ 15. SAPINDUS. 1. SERJANIA Schumach. Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. (Kjgbenhavn) 3 ?: 125, 1794. REFERENCES: Radlkofer, Monographie der Sapindaceen-Gattung Serjania, pp. 1-392. 1875; Radlkofer, Ergiinzungen zur Monographie der Sapindaceen- Gattung Serjania, pp. 1-195. 1886. Scandent shrubs; leaves trifoliolate, 2 or 3 times ternate, pinnate, or bi- pinnate; flowers polygamous, in axillary racemes, white or whitish; sepals 5, the outer ones smaller; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit of 8 samaras, these seed- bearing at the apex. The stems of some species are used in Central America for making coarse baskets. All the species are believed to possess narcotic poisonous properties of varying intensity, and some of them are employed for stupefying fish. Partition walls (dissepiments) of the fruit broad, nearly as broad as the fertile portion of the cell, the cells therefore firmly united. Woody portion of the stem simple, of a single central body. Leaves trifoliolate-_--------- 1. S. trifoliolata, Leaves triternate or bipinnate. Leaves 3 or 4 times ternate; stems glabrate_.______ 2. S. cambessediana. Leaves bipinnate ; stems hirsute______-__.____ 3. S. adiantoides. Woody portion of the stem compound, consisting of a large central portion and 3 to 5 small outer ones, Leaves trifoliolate_______.-._----- 4. S. heterocarpa. Leaves triternate, pinnate, or bipinnate. Outer woody bodies of the stem strongly complanate, contiguous. Leaves biternate —__---_-----e 5. S. insignis. Outer woody bodies subterete. Branches acutely angulate, canaliculate; outer fascicles of the wood not immersed in the central body. Leaves biternate; branches pilose throughout________ 6. 5S. impressa. Leaves 2 or 3 times pinnate; branches pilose only on the angles. 7. S. trachygona. Branches subterete or obtusely angulate, the outer fascicles more or less immersed in the central body. Branches glabrous or the younger ones slightly pubescent. Leaves biternate, glabrous or nearly so___________ 8. S. brachystachya. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 693 _— Branches densely tomentose or pilosulous with yellowish or sordid hairs. Branches very densely tomentose; leaves pinnate. 9. S. schiedeana. Branches finely tomentulose or pilose; leaves biternate. Leaflets soft-pilose beneath. Mature fruit about 2 cm. long_-------------- 10. S. triquetra. Mature fruit about 1 cm. long_-.----------- 11. S. oaxacana, Leaflets subglabrous___-------------------- 12. S. goniocarpa. Partition walls of the fruit narrow, less than half as broad as the fertile portion, the cells lightly coherent. Cells of the fruit strongly compressed. Leaves 3-foliolate. ’ 13. S. cardiospermoides. Cells not or scarcely compressed, Woody portion of the stem compound, with small separate outer fascicles ; cells of the fruit sulcate or scrobiculate between the nerves. Leaves 3-foliolate. Leaflets densely pubescent beneath; fruit pubescent----14. S. plicata. Leaflets glabrous_.-_------------------ _Le 15. 8S. rekoi. Leaves biternate. Outer sepals glabrous ; leaflets subcoriaceous, mostly lance-oblong. 16. S. caracasana. Outer sepals puberulent or tomentulose; leaflets broader. Petals 3 mm. long___--_--_--------------------- 17. S. brachylopha. Petals 3.5 to 5 mm. long. Outer woody fascicles subterete ; branches deeply sulcate ; terminal leaflet obovate or subrhombie__------~----- 18. S. paniculata. Outer fascicles all or partly applanate; branches lightly striate ; terminal leaflet oblong__--------------------- 19. S. scatens. Woody portion of the stem simple, without outer fascicles; cells of the fruit not suleate or scrobiculate. Cells of the fruit lenticular; sepals densely white-tomentose. Leaves biternate. Branches deeply 5-sulcate, usually aculeolate; scales of the upper petals with short emarginate crests___._..------------- 20. S. mexicana. Branches 5-angulate, unarmed; scales of the upper petals large, bicor- niculate-bifid_______------------------------ 21. S. brachycarpa. Cells inflated, more or less produced beyond the axis; sepals glabrous or variously pubescent. Branches 8 to 10-striate or 8 to 10-costate. Terminal leaflet about 5 cm. long, ovate, elliptic, or subrhombic, sharply serrate,__..---------------------------- 22. S. vesicosa. Terminal leaflet rarely more than 2 cm. long, oblong, ovate-oblong or spatulate-obovate, coarsely crenate or entire. Leaflets mostly oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, densely puberu- lent beneath__------- 23. S. palmeri. Leaflets mostly spatulate-obovate, glabrate__--~- 24. S. rutaefolia. Branches 5 or 6-sulcate. Leaves all or chiefly trifoliolate. Terminal leaflet 1.5 to 2 em. long_-_------------~-- 25. S. albida. Terminal leaflet 4 to 8 cm. long. Leaflets serrate or dentate_-__-_-__---------------..- 26. S. grositf. Leaflets entire, or with a small lobe on each side at the base. 27. S. emarginata. 694 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves biternate or bipinnate. Leaflets entire. Leaflets glabrous except along the costa...______ 28. S. flavifiora., Leaflets pubescent on one or both surfaces. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or ovate, very acute. 29. S. subtriplinervis, Leaflets elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, the upper ones short- cuspidate. Cells of the fruit glabrate__________ 30. S. fuscopunctata. Cells of the fruit densely pubescent________ 31. S. sordida Leaflets serrate or dentate. Leaves biternate. Plants subherbaceous; fruit suborbicular__82. S. macrococca. Plants fruticose; fruit much longer than broad. Leaflets with few serrations; branches canaliculate-sulcate, obtusely angulate__________________ | 33. S. racemosa, Leaflets closely subduplicate-serrate; branches striate-sul- cate, subterete__.______-_- 34. S. polystachya. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate. Leaflets glabrous____.- ee 35. S. californica. Leaflets pubescent beneath. Fruit broadest toward the apex. Cells of the fruit longer than broad________ 36. S. incisa. Cells of the fruit broader than long__87. S. sphenocarpa. Fruit broadest at the base. Mature fruit 10 to 12 mm. long; leaflets conspicuously crenate or lobate_________________ 38. S. cystocarpa. Mature fruit 20 mm. long; leaflets with only a few re- mote teeth__-_-___-______- 39. S. pacifica, 1. Serjania trifoliolata Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 317. 1895. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima. Stems glabrous, 6-costate; leaflets ovate-rhombic to suborbicular, 3 to 8 em, long, obtuse to acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, thin, glabrous; sepals glabrate ; petals 2.5 mm, long; fruit about 1.5 em. long, glabrous. 2. Serjania cambessediana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 214. 1820. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Stems glabrate, obtusely 6-angulate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate, or rhombic, 0.5 to 4 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, serrate-dentate, glabrous or nearly so; outer sepals subglabrous, the inner tomentulose; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit 2.2 cm, long, glabrate. 3. Serjania adiantoides Radlk. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 403. 1898. Known only from the type locality, Buenavista Xbac, Yucatén. Stems subherbaceous, hirsute on the angles; leaves subbipinnate, the pinnae 4 pairs. “ Bui.” 4, Serjania heterocarpa Standl., sp. nov. Type from Monte Alban, Oaxaca (Pringle 5835; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 816723). Stems pilosulous, obtusely 5-angulate, the woody portion with 3 obtusely trigonous outer fascicles ; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets ovate-elliptic or broadly rhombic, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse, duplicate-dentate, pilosulous on both surfaces; fruit about 12 mm. long and 17 mm. broad, densely puberulent, the cells inflated, the wing 2.5 to 4 mm. wide. The fruit is very different from that of any of the Mexican species seen by the writer, in its general appearance suggesting that of the genus Paullinia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 695 5. Serjania insignis Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 331. 1875. Reported from Mexico, without definite locality. Panama. Stems puberulent; leaflets elliptic, 9 cm. long or less, shortly obtuse-acu- minate, obscurely dentate, hirtellous on the nerves, outer sepals pubescent, the inner densely tomentulose; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 2 cm. long, 1.6 cm. wide, the cells hirtellous or glabrate. 6. Serjania impressa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 323. 1875. Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Stems 6-sulcate; leaflets elliptic, 7 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, crenate- dentate, pubescent beneath; outer sepals tomentulose; fruit 3 to 35 cm. long, 2.8 em. wide, the cells pilose. 7, Serjania trachygona Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 327. 1875. Campeche. Panama. Stems acutely 6-angulate; leaflets ovate, oblong, or rhombic, 0.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acuminate, incised-dentate or lobate, setulose-pilose on the nerves; outer sepals hirtellous, the inner tomentulose; petals 3.5 to 4 mm. long. 8. Serjania brachystachya Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 310. 1875. Colima to Oaxaca; type from San Agustin, Oaxaca. Stems 6-striate; leaflets rhombic-ovate to rhombic-elliptic, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate, glabrous or nearly so; outer sepals glabrate, the inner tomentulose ; petals 3.5 mm, long; fruit about 2 cm. long and nearly as broad, the cells puberulent. 9. Serjania schiedeana Schlecht, Linnaea 18: 44. 1844. Jalisco and Morelos and probably elsewhere; type locality not known. Stems obtusely trigonous; ledflets 5, broadly rhombic to elliptic-oblong, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, coarsely crenate, densely pubescent on both surfaces; sepals tomentose; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, densely pubescent. 10. Serjania triquetra Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 305. 1875. Morelos, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America. Stems trigonous or terete, 6-sulcate; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3 to 8 em, long, obtuse to acuminate, coarsely incised-dentate, sometimes lobate, densely pubescent, especially beneath; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm, long and 1.5 cm. broad. “ Carretilla ” (Oaxaca, Guatemala, Seler). 11. Serjania oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca (Purpus 6689; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567063). Branches obtusely trigonous, tomentulose; leaves biternate, the leaflets rhombic or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely incised-crenate and often lobate, glabrate above, densely puberulent beneath ; outer sepals glabrate, the inner tomentulose,; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit 9 to 12 mm. long, 14 mm. broad, appressed-pilosulous, densely so on the cells, 12. Serjania goniocarpa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 309. 1875. Veracruz; type from Mirador. Stems puberulent, trigonous ; leaflets ovate, 10 cm. long or smaller, subobtuse, coarsely serrate-dentate, puberulent or glabrate ; sepals tomentulose; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 2.5 to 3 cm. long and nearly as broad, puberulent, the cells tomentose. 13. Serjania cardiospermoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 418. 18381. Veracruz and Hidalgo; type collected near Papantla, Veracruz. Central America. 696 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Stems slender, sulcate; leaflets ovate or rhombie, 4 to 8 em, long, the terminal one very long-petiolulate, acuminate, with 1 to 8 coarse teeth on each side, thin, densely puberulent or glabrate; sepals puberulent; fruit glabrate. 14. Serjania plicata Radlk. Monogr, Serjan. 167, 1875. Known only from the original collection, from Yucatéin or Tabasco. Stems obtusely trigonous, pubescent; leaflets ovate, 8 em. long or less, crenate-dentate, soft-pubescent beneath; fruit 4 em. long, 2.4 em. wide, short- pubescent, the cells subtomentose. 15. Serjania rekoi Standl., sp. nov. Type from Las Pilas (Cerro Espino), Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters (Reko 3509; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842577). Sap milky; stems glabrous, acutely trigonous, 6-Sulcate, the 3 outer fascicles of wood subterete; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate, coarsely Sinuate-serrate, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous; outer sepals glabrous; petals 3 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long and nearly as broad, glabrous, the cells subglobose. 16. Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 465. 1799. Paullinia caracasana Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 1: 52. pl, 99, 1797, Guerrero. Central America and South America; type from Caracas, Vene- zuela,. Stems glabrous, 6 to 8-striate; leaflets mostly lance-oblong, 6 to 15 em. long, acuminate, remotely serrate-dentate, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous; petals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 2.5 cm. long and nearly as broad, glabrous, 17. Serjania brachylopha Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 367, 1895. Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco. Stems sparsely pilose, 6-suleate; leaflets ovate-oblong to broadly rhombic, 3 to 5 em. long, acute, subduplicate-serrate, thin, glabrous or nearly so; outer sepals puberulent, the inner tomentulose. 18. Serjania paniculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 86, 1821. Guerrero. Northern South America; type from Venezuela, Stems glabrate, 6 to 8-costate; leaflets elliptic to subrhombie, 4 to 7 em, long, short-acuminate, coarsely crenate-serrate, thin, barbate beneath in the axils of the veins; sepals tomentulose; petals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long and 1,5 cm, wide, the cells densely pilosulous. 19. Serjania scatens Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 213. 1875. Reported by Radlkofer from Yucatéin or Tabasco. Central America, Vene- zuela, and Cuba. Stems subterete, puberulent or glabrate; leaflets oblong, obtuse to acuminate, distantly crenate, thin, glabrous; sepals tomentulose; cells of the fruit sub- tomentose, 20. Serjania mexicana (I..) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 465. 1799. Paullinia mexicana L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753. Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America, Jamaica, and northern South America. Stems usually aculeate, glabrous or pubescent: leaflets oblong to elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 4 to 13 cm. long, acuminate to retuse, entire or remotely dentate, thick, usually glabrous; sepals white-tomentulose; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long and nearly as broad, commonly glabrous. “ Quirote culebra ” (Sonora, Palmer): “ barbasco” (Sinaloa, Guatemala, Honduras) ; “sierrilla” (Jalisco); “diente de culebra” (Sonora); “ cuauhmecatl,” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 697 “cuamecatl” (Nahuatl; sometimes written “quaumecatl”); “turizo,” “ be- juco espinoso” (Costa Rica). The flowers are white and fragrant. The stems are used as a substitute for rope. The plant is employed in some localities for stupefying fish, and it is used in Mexico as a remedy for rheumatism and syphilitic affections. This species or a related one is figured by Hernandez’ and described ina chapter entitled “De Quauhmecatl Zarsaparilla II. & III.” The people of “Yamguitlan” (Yaubuitlin, Oaxaca ?), he says, call the plant “ Cozticuizti palancapatli,” and those of Michoacan “ ychuanitzoz.” He states that its properties are similar to those of sarsaparilla (Smilar spp.). 21. Serjania brachycarpa A. Gray; Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 259. 1875. Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Stems subhirsute; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 1.5 to.3.5 cm. long, mucronulate, remotely serrate, villous-tomentose beneath, thin; sepals sub- tomentose; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. long and broad, the cells puberulent or glabrate. 22. Serjania vesicosa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 277. 1875. Known only from Querétaro, the type locality. Stems ferruginous-tomentose; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or subrhombic, 5 cm. long or less, acuminate, sharply serrate, tomentose beneath; sepals tomentose- pilose; petals 8 mm. long; fruit 1.5 to 1.8 cm long, 1.3 em wide, glabrous. 23. Serjania palmeri S. Wats Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 45, 1889. Known only from the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora. Stems densely tomentulose; leaflets 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or acutish, mostly entire, finely puberulent on the upper surface; sepals tomentulose; fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. long, puberulent. 24, Serjania rutaefolia Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 316. 1895. Known only from the type locality, Agiabampo, Sonora. Stems gray-puberulent, terete; leaflets 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or retuse, entire or incised-dentate, puberulent at first; sepals tomentulose; petals 4.5 min. long. 25. Serjania albida Radlk. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 367. 1895. Known only from the type locality, Santa Agueda, Baja California. Stems 6-angulate, glabrous; leaflets ovate, 1.5 cm. long or less, obtuse, sub- trilobate, pale green, glabrous; sepals puberulent. The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is doubtful. 26. Serjania grosii Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 42, 1844, Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere; described from Mexico, the exact locality not known. Central America. Stems sparsely pilose or glabrous, 5 or 6-sulecate; leaflets ovate or rhombic, 5 to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous or pilosulous beneath; sepals tomentulose or the outer ones glabrate ; petals 1.5 to 2 mm. long; fruit glabrous or nearly so. The specific name is given incorrectly by Hemsley’ as “ grayit.” 27. Serjania emarginata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 84. 1821. Serjania acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 84. 1821. Guerrero; type from mountains near La Venta de Tierra Colorada. Stems glabrous, 5 or 6-sulcate ; leaflets ovate, 3 to 4 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous ; sepals tomentulose ; petals 1.8 mm. long; fruit 1.5 em. long and wide, glabrous. 1Thesaurus 289. 1651. ? Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 206. 1880. 698 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 28. Serjania flaviflora Radlk. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 211, 1903. Known only from the type locality, Monte Alban, Oaxaca. Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 5 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate; outer sepals puberulent, the inner tomentulose; petals 4 mm. long. 29. Serjania subtriplinervis Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 273. 1875. Michoacfin to Oaxaca; type from Tanetze, Oaxaca. Stems tomentulose; leaflets ovate to lance-oblong, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, densely pubescent beneath; sepals tomentose; fruit densely pilose when young. 30. Serjania fuscopunctata Radlk. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 1: 315. 1895. Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima. Stems pilosulous or glabrate; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3 to 4.5 em. long; pubescent; sepals canescent-tomentulose; sepals 4 mm. long; fruit 2.7 em. long, 2 em. wide. 31. Serjania sordida Radlk. Monogr. Serjan, 272, 1875. Veracruz. Costa Rica. Stems pilosulous or tomentulose; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 4 to 10 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, often abruptly short-acuminate, glabrate above, pilosulous beneath ; sepals tomentulose ; petals 2.5 mm, long; fruit about 2.9 em. long and 2 cm, wide. 32. Serjania macrococca Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 270, 1875. Oaxaca. Stems hirtellous, 5 or 6-suleate; leaflets ovate or rhombic, 1 to 8 em. long, acute or obtuse, serrate-dentate, hispid-tomentose beneath; outer sepals pilosulous, the inner tomentulose; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2 em. long and broad, sparsely pilose. . 33. Serjania racemosa Schumacher, Skrivt. Naturh.-Selsk. (KXjébenhavn) 3?: 127. pl. 12, f. 3. 1794. Nuevo Leén to Michoacifin, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Veracruz. Cen- tral America. Stems glabrous or pubescent, 5 or 6-suleate: leaflets ovate to elliptic, 2 to 7 em. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, pubescent or nearly glabrous beneath ; sepals glabrous or tomentulose; petals 2.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit 1.5 to 2.38 em. long, 1 to 2 em, wide, glabrous or nearly so. “ Nueve hojas,” “ contra ranilla de bestias,” “ euaumecate ” (Veracruz, Urbina); “ tlatlanquaya ” (Puebla, Seler). . 34. Serjania polystachya (Turez.) Radlk, Monogr. Serjan. 276. 1875. Paullinia polystachya Turez. Bull, Soc. Nat. Moscou 327: 268. 1859, Oaxaca; type from Talea. Guatemala. Stems tomentulose or glabrate; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 4 to 8 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, thinly tomentose beneath; sepals tomentulose ; petals 3.5 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.8 em. long, 2 cm. wide, the cells densely puberulent. 35. Serjania californica Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8: 222. 1878. Known only from the type locality, Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Stems glabrous, 6-sulcate; leaflets rhombic or ovate-rhombic, about 1 em. long, obtuse, lobate-dentate ; sepals glabrate. The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is doubtful. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 699 36. Serjania incisa Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 47. 1859. Type from Santa Rosa, Coahuila. Western Texas. Stems hirtellous or glabrate; leaflets ovate-rhombic, 1 to 3 em, long, acute, incised-dentate, puberulent; outer sepals glabrate, the inner puberulent; petals 4 mm. long; fruit 3.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, subacute at apex, glabrate. 37. Serjania sphenocarpa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 269. 1875. Known only from the original collection, this probably from Sonora. Stems pubescent; leaflets lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute, remotely in- cised-dentate, pubescent ; sepals puberulent ; fruit 1.5 cm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide, pubescent. 38. Serjania cystocarpa Radlk. Ergiinz. Monogr. Serjan. 1386. 1886. Serjania inflata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 373. 1882. Not S. inflata Poepp. & Endl. 1844. Coahuila, Nuevo Le6én, and San Luis Potosi; type from Caracol Mountains, near Monclova, Coahuila. Stems puberulent; leaflets lance-ovate to ovate-elliptic, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate or incised-dentate, pilosulous; sepals puberulent; fruit pilosulous when young, becoming glabrate. 39. Serjania pacifica Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose, Standley & Russell 14189; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 637046). Stems pilosulous, 5-sulcate; leaves bipinnate, the 2 lower pinnae trifoliate, the 2 upper pairs of leaflets and the terminal one simple; leaflets oblong-ovate, ovate, or oblong-oval, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, puberulent beneath, remotely crenate-serrate or subentire ; sepals puberulent ; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit reddish, 10 to 12 mm. broad, the wings glabrous, the cells thinly hirtel- lous or glabrate. 2. URVILLEA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 105, 1821. Scandent shrubs, often with tendrils in the inflorescence and leaf axils; leaves trifoliolate or biternate, the leaflets toothed and lobed; flowers whitish, in axillary racemes, irregular, polygamo-dioecious ; sepals 5, the 2 outer ones small; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit thin, 8-angled, the angles winged; seed 1 in each cell. Leaves trifoliolate _-_------------------------------ 5555500 1. U. ulmacea, Leaves biternate_____----------------------------------0077- 2. U. biternata, 1. Urvillea ulmacea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 105. pl. 440. 1821. Urvillea mexicana A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 88. 1852. Nuevo Leon to Yuecatéin, Oaxaca, and Tepic. Western Texas; Central Amer- ica and northern South America ; type from Caracas, Venezuela. Large scandent shrub ; leaflets ovate, rhombic-ovate, or deltoid, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, densely pubescent or tomentose beneath, crenate and often lobate; racemes long-pedunculate, longer than the leaves; fruit elliptic, 2 to 3 cm. long, narrowed at each end, pubescent or glabrate. “Apaac” (Yucatin, Maya). 2. Urvillea biternata Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 425. 1910. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero. Erect (?) shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets elliptic, acuminate, nearly gla- brous; racemes shorter than the leaves; fruit glabrous, 2.5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em, wide. 700 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 3. CARDIOSPERMUM L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753. Vines, the stems herbaceous or fruticose; leaves estipulate, biternate or de- compound, the leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed; flowers racemose or corym- bose, axillary, the peduncle with 2 tendrils; flowers irregular, polygamo- dioecious, white or yellowish white; sepals 4 or 5, the 2 outer ones small; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit inflated, bladder-like, thin, 3-angled. The species are sometimes cultivated for ornament under the name “ balloon- vine.” Tendrils reduced to short spines__---------_-- 1. C. spinosum. Tendrils well developed, coiling. Sepals 5, Leaflets crenate or crenate-lobate; fruit obtusely angled__2. C. tortuosum. Leaflets dissected into narrow lobes; fruit with thin compressed angles, 4, C. dissectum. Sepals 4-------- 3. C. halicacabum. 1. Cardiospermum spinosum Radlk. Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 3868. 1895. Baja California; type from La Paz. Stems fruticose; leaflets few, 5 to 15 mm. long, lobed or crenate, glabrate; petals 4 mm. long. 2. Cardiospermum tortuosum Benth, Bot. V oy. Sulph. 9. 1844, Paullinia tortuosa T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 74. 1891. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Stems suffrutescent; leaflets rhombic, crenate or lobate, densely pubescent or glabrate; petals 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit 2 to 3 cm. in diameter. 3. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sp. Pl. 866. 1753. Cardiospermum corindum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 526. 1762. Cardiospermum pubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 14. 1816. Cardiospermum colutcoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 100, 1821. Cardiospermum hispidum H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 5: 101. 1821, Cardiospermum molle H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 103. 1821, Cardiospermum microcarpum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 104, 1821. Nearly throughout Mexico, at low and middle altitudes. Widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres, Stems herbaceous or suffruticose ; leaflets very variable in form and pubes- cence, densely pubescent to glabrous, 1 to 6 em. long; flowers 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit 1.5 to 4.5 em. in diameter, glabrous or pubescent. “ Hierba de chivato ” (Tamaulipas) ; “huevo de gato” (Durango) ; “ munditos ” (Oaxaca). The roots are said to have diuretic and sudorific properties. This species ts ain extremely variable one and many attempts have been made to segregate the forms as species, but there seem to be no definite characters by which the forms can be recognized. _Radlkofer considers (. corindum a distinct species, but the characters by which he Separates it from C. halicacabum are neither constant nor important. The writer is doubtful of the validity of C. tortuwosum and C. spinosum. 4. Cardiospermum dissectum (S. Wats.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. 3°: 808. 1895. Urvillea dissecta S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 447. 1886, Chihuahua; type collected near the city of Chihuahua. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaflets small, thinly hispidulous; inflorescence few-flowered; fruit about 3 cm. broad, lustrous. The seeds are much larger than in the other species. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICC 701 4, PAULLINIA L. Sp. Pl. 365. 1753. REFERENCE: Radlkofer, Monographie der Sapindaceengattung Paullinia, Abh. Akad, Wiss. Miinchen 19: 71-381. 1896. Scandent shrubs; leaves pinnate or ternately compound, the leaflets usually dentate or lobate; flowers polygamo-dioecious, whitish, in axillary, usually tendril-bearing racemes; sepals 5, unequal; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit capsular, 3-angled or 3-winged, 1 to 3-celled, 1 to 3-seeded. The crushed seeds of P. cupana Kunth and other South American species are official in the United States Pharmacopoeia under the name “ guarana.” They contain about 5 per cent of an alkaloid, guaranine, which is believed to be identical with caffeine. This is used in medicine for chronic diarrhea. The Indians of Brazil prepare from the seeds a beverage, which they use like coffee. They also prepare a fermented drink from the guarana seeds, cassava, and water. In Jamaica the juice of the leaves of some species was used as a remedy. for heartburn, and the bruised leaves were applied to wounds. The crushed plants of various species of Paullinia and of related genera are often thrown in streams to stupefy fish. It is probably to a plant of this family that Wells refers* in the following account, which is quoted here as an excellent description of the procedure followed in tropical America in catch- ing fish by the aid of narcotic plants, a very common and widely spread practice: “A few days after my arrival at Lepaguare, I rode with Don Toribio to a place near the junction of the Almendarez and Guayape, where a chilpate fishing was to take place. On arriving at the river, we found a small party of natives collected on the banks of the smaller stream, engaged in spreading withes and a network of branches below a little series of falls or rapids above which the fish were known to exist in great quantities, especially the cuyamel, weighing often fifteen pounds when full grown. “The preparations completed, a few women entered the river about fifty yards above the rapids, bearing with them a common batea containing a decoc- tion of a vine pounded to a pulp, and known as the chilpate (possibly the Sapindus saponaria), and which may be gathered in any required quantity in the plains and along the banks of the streams. This possesses the singular quality, when mixed with the waters of a running stream, of stupefying the fish, causing them to float helplessly on the surface. When carried down the stream, they are taken by hand from the network below. The signal being given, this novel fishing apparatus was directed against the inhabitants of Almendarez. “As the pale discoloration extended with the influence of the gentle cur- rent, my companion shouted to me to watch its effects. All eyes were riveted upon the water. In a few minutes a commotion was visible beneath the sur- face, and frequent flaps from the tails of sundry inebriated fish indicated the working of the drug. “The natives now ran below the falls to catch the victims who came floating down, some with fins or tails feebly wagging above the water, others ‘ half-seas over,’ ‘regularly laid out’ on their backs, and others as if under the effects of a systematic ‘ drunk,’ struggling against the liquor, and apparently determined to keep on their fins to the last gasp. There were fish of all sizes, from the cuyamel down to minnows. It was the most ludicrous, and, at the same time, strange scene I had witnessed in Olancho, and seemed an unpardonable corrup- tion of respectable fish from their original teetotal habits.” 1W. V. Wells, Explorations and adventures in Honduras, p. 417. 1857. 702 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Fruit winged. Inflorescences glomerate in the axils; leaflets acuminate or long-acuminate. 1. P. glomerulosa. Inflorescence solitary ; leaflets mostly obtuse_______________ 2. P. fuscescens, Fruit not winged. Mesocarp of the fruit much thickened, fibrous-spongy. Leaflets 3 _---_-_--_____---- ee 3. P. cururu, Leaflets 5 to 7. Stems composed of a central woody body and of 1 to 3 smaller outer ones. 4. P. pinnata. Stems of a single central woody body, without separate outer ones. Flowers pedicellate; leaf rachis narrowly winged_____ 5. P. clavigera. Flowers sessile; rachis broadly winged_____________ 6. P. sessilifiora. Mesocarp of the fruit thin, not spongy-thickened. Capsule sessile or subsessile...-...------- 7. P. tomentosa. Capsule stipitate. Leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire-_--.-._.-- 8. P. costata. Leaves biternate, or the leaflets lobed or parted. Leaves biternate ; leaflets mostly 3 to 8 cm. long____9. P. costaricensis. Leaves various, the lower ones merely ternate or trisect, the upper ones pinnate; leaflets mostly 1 to 2 em. long_________ 10. P. sonorensis. 1. Paullinia glomerulosa Radik. Abh. Akad. Wiss, Miinchen 19: 257. 1896. Reported from Mexico by Radlkofer. Panama and Venezuela. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, the lowest ones ternate or pinnate, mostly lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrate; flowers pedicellate ; fruit broadly obovate, sessile, 1 cm. long, glabrate, the wings 2 to 3 mm. wide. 2. Paullinia fuscescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 98. 1821, Paullinia velutina DC. Prodr. 1: 605, 1824. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, Campeche, and Oaxaca. Cuba, Central America, and northern South America; type from the Amazon River. Leaves biternate, the leaflets rhombic or oval to lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtusely serrate-dentate, glabrate above, tomentose to glabrate beneath; in- florescences 5 to 15 cm. long, pedunculate, densely pubescent or glabrate, the flowers white or yellowish; capsule broadly obovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, reddish, pubescent or glabrate. “ Kexak” (Yucatin, Maya): “ panoquera ” (San Luis Potosf, Veracruz) ; “ bejuco costill6n ” (Sinaloa) ; ‘ campalaca ” (Honduras) ; “bejuco de mulato ” (Venezuela). The tough stems are used for binding fences and the framework of huts. This species has been reported from Mexico as P. barbadensis Jacq. 3. Paullinia cururu L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1007. 1759. Reported from Mexico by Radlkofer. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Petiole winged ; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 15 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, remotely serrate-dentate, barbate beneath in the axils of the veins but elsewhere glabrous; flowers white or greenish, pedicellate; fruit pyriform or clavate, glabrous. “ Azucarito” Venezuela); “ chilmecate ”’ (Nicaragua). 4. Paullinia pinnata L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753. Guerrero to Oaxaca and Tabasco. West Indies, Central America, South America, and Africa. Large vine, nearly glabrous; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5, ovate to oblong or lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, usually acute, remotely serrate-dentate, coriaceous ; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 703 rachis broadly winged; inflorescences solitary; flowers pedicellate; fruit pyri- form, glabrous, brown or red. “ Barbasco” (Tabasco) ; “bejuquillo” (Oaxaca) ; “azucarito” (Cuba); “bejuco de costilla” (Porto Rico); “ bejuco vaquero ” (Guerrero). Said to be known in the British West Indies as “ bread-and-cheese.” The plant is used in Tabasco and elsewhere for stupefying fish, and the stems are utilized as a substitute for rope. The bark has a musklike odor, and is said to contain an alkaloid, timbonine. The leaves have been applied as poultices for liver affections and the oil from the seeds as an anodyne liniment, while the plant has been used also as a remedy for gonorrhoea. Some of the Indians are said to have used the juice to poison their arrows, and it is reported that in the Antilles the negroes have made use of the seeds for criminal poisoning. 5. Paullinia clavigera Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 239. 1836. Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Honduras. Large vine, nearly glabrous; leaflets 5, elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire or remotely serrate-dentate ; inflorescences solitary ; fruit pyriform, red, 3 to 4 cm. long, stipitate. 6. Paullinia sessiliflora Radlk. Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 1: 317. 1895. Tepic and Colima; type from Colima. Leaflets 5, oblong or ovate-oblong, 5 to 13 cm. long, obtuse or acute, remotely repand-dentate, glabrate or beneath densely pubescent; inflorescences solitary, tomentulose; fruit pyriform, about 3 cm. long, stipitate, glabrate. 7. Paullinia tomentosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 37. 1760. Paullinia pteropoda DC. Prodr. 1: 605, 1824. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Guatemala. Leaflets 5, the terminal and basal ones sometimes trilobate, ovate to broadly elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, thin, coarsely crenate, tomentose beneath; inflorescences solitary; capsule trigonous-globose, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, tomentose; seeds black. ‘‘ Barbasquillo” (Jalisco) ; “ barbasco” (Tabasco). 8. Paullinia costata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 216. 1830. Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Costa Rica. Leaflets 5, oblong, ovate, or oval, 6 to 15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, often barbate beneath in the axils of the veins, elsewhere glabrous; racemes solitary, long-pedunculate; flowers white; fruit depressed-globose, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, tomentulose; seeds black. ‘“‘ Bejuco de agua” (Oaxaca). 9. Paullinia costaricensis Radlk, Ergiinz. Monogr. Serj. 157. 1886. Tabasco; reported from Veracruz by Radlkofer. Central America ; type from Costa Rica. Leaflets elliptic, lanceolate, or rhombic, obtuse, lobate-dentate, densely pubes- cent beneath or glabrate; racemes solitary, densely puberulent, 5 to 15 cm. long; capsule subglobose, about 1 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate; seeds black. 10. Paullinia sonorensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 45, 1889. Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Subseandent, 1 meter high or less; leaflets rhombic, ovate, or oblong-ovate, obtuse, coarsely dentate or lobate, thin, glabrate; racemes solitary, short, puberulent ; capsule depressed-globose, tonentulose, about 1 ecm. long. 704 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. ALLOPHYLUS L. Sp. Pl. 348. 1753. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, persistent or deciduous, usually 3-foliolate, the leaflets toothed ; flowers polygamo-dioecious, in simple or panicu- late racemes; sepale 4; petals 4: stamens 8; ovary usually 2-celled; fruit usually of a single dry or fleshy, 1-seeded carpel, Racemes rarely exceeding the petioles ; leaflets large, 9 to 20 cm. long, thin. 1. A. occidentalis. Racemes usually equaling or longer than the leaves ; leaflets mostly 5 to 10 em. long, thick ----------_----ee ee 2. A. cominia, 1. Allophylus occidentalis (Swartz) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 20: 230, 1890. Schmidelia occidentalis Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 665. 1800. Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and northern South America, Shrub; leaflets elliptic or oblanceolate, acuminate, irregularly sinuate-serrate, sparsely pubescent beneath; racemes pubescent; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. long, obovoid, nearly dry. “ Palo blanco,” “ quiebra-hacha ” (Porto Rico). 2, Allophylus cominia (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 62. 1788. Rhus cominia L. Syst. Nat. Veg. ed. 10. 964, 1759. Schmidelia cominia Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce, 2: 697. 1800. Tabasco. Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola. Shrub, or small tree; leaflets elliptic or obovate, serrulate, pubescent on both surfaces, densely so beneath, acute or short-acuminate; racemes branched, densely pubescent; fruit orange or red, 4 mm. long, subglobose, nearly dry. 6. UNGNADIA Endl. Atact. Bot. pl. 36, 1838. A single species is known, 1. Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Atact. Bot. pl. 36. 1833. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon. Texas and southern New Mexico. Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diameter ; bark thin, light gray; leaves alternate, deciduous, pinnate; leaflets 3 to 7, lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, pubescent beneath when young but soon glabrate; flowers purplish pink, in lateral clusters; calyx deeply 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, obovate, clawed, nearly 1 cm. long; stamens 7 to 10; fruit a 3-lobed capsule, about 5 em. thick, 3-valvate; seeds black and lustrous, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. “ Monillo” or “monilla ” (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas). The flowers are sweet-scented. The seeds have a pleasant flavor, but they are poisonous. Havard states that an adult can eat one or two with impunity, but three or four produce giddiness and a sensation of heat and discomfort in the stomach. The seeds are sometimes used by boys as marbles. In Texas. the plant is known as “Texas buckeye,” ‘“ Spanish buckeye,” or “ Mexican buckeye.” 7. THOUINIA Poit. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 70. 1804. Erect trees or shrubs; leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets serrate; flowers small, symmetric, in lateral panicles; sepals and petals each 4; stamens 8; fruit of 2 or 8 samaras, each of these 1-seeded. Leaflets densely pubescent beneath, usually obtuse______________ 1. T. villosa, Leaflets glabrous beneath, except in the axils of the veins, acute or acuminate. Fruit glabrous or nearly so; terminal leaflet long-stalked; leaflets closely crenate-serrate_______-_---_--_ 2. T. acuminata. Fruit finely pubescent; terminal leaflet nearly sessile; leaflets with a few irregular remote teeth_-----------e 3. T. paucidentata. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 705 1. Thouinia villosa DC. Prodr. 1: 612. 1824. Thouinia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 145. 1890. Sonora to Guerrero and Puebla; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, leaflets ovate or rhombic-obovate, 3 to 9 cm long, sessile or nearly so, pubescent on both surfaces, irregularly ser- rate; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves; samaras pubescent, about 1.5 cm. long. The specimens referred here agree very well with Sessé & Mocifio’s drawing of the species, and the writer has little doubt that the two names cited are synonymous. 2. Thouinia acuminata S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 25: 145. 1890. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from the barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. A form of the species (var. pubicalyx Radlk.) occurs in Guatemala. Tree, 7.5 to 12 meters high; leaflets lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 4 to 10 cm. long, bright green; panicles about as long as the leaves; samaras 12 to 14 mm. long. 3. Thouinia paucidentata Radlk. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 403. 1898. Yucatiin and Campeche. Tree, 9 meters high; leaves long-petiolate ; leaflets lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 3 to 5 cm. long; panicles racemiform, shorter than the leaves; samaras 10 to 12 mm. long. 8. DODONAEA Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 19. 1760. 1. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760. Dodonaea schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 49. 1844. Baja California to Chihuahua, Nuevo Le6n, Mexico, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical regions. Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high;.leaves linear to oblong-oblanceolate, 4 to 12 cm. long, attenuate to the base, petiolate or sessile, acute to rounded at apex, pube- scent or glabrous beneath, viscid; flowers yellowish, unisexual, dioecious, in small lateral corymbs; calyx 3 to 5-lobed; petals none; stamens 5 to 8; fruit a 3-winged capsule, 3-celled, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, each cell unusually 1-seeded. “ Ocotillo” (Guanajuato, Hidalgo) ; “ chapuliztoli” or “chapulizle ” (Nahuatl, from chapul-ichtli=grasshopper-+fiber; it is said that the leaves are much eaten by grasshoppers) ; “pirimu” (Michoacan, Tarascan); “granadina” or “renadina ” (Baja California) ; “ jarilla *” (Oaxaca, Morelos) ; “ hierba de la cucaracha ” (Durango, Patoni) ; “ cuerno de cabra” (Oaxaca, Seler) ; ‘“ ayuelo” (Colombia) ; “ chamiso ” (Porto Rico, Argentina, Uruguay ) ; “ gitarfin” (Porto Rico) ; “ varal,” “munditos” (Hidalgo). The species, as is to be expected from its wide range, is a variable one, especially in leaf form. The form with linear leaves, occurring in northern Mexico, is D. viscosa angustifolia (L. f.) Benth. The English name is “ switch- sorrel”; in the Bahamas the name “ candlewood” is used. The leaves are bitter and in various regions are used for fevers, colic, gout, rheumatism, and venereal diseases. The bark is employed in the preparation of astringent baths and fomentations, and the decoction of the wood is reported to have febrifuge properties. The seeds are said to be edible. In Australia the fruits, known as “native hops,” were formerly much used as a substitute for true hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in making yeast and beer. The wood is described as brown, close-grained, and hard, and in India it has been utilized for engraving, turning, tool handles, and walking sticks. 7808—23——_13 706 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. NEOPRINGLEA ’S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 134. 1891. Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or crenulate; stipules setaceous, deciduous; flowers dioecious, fasciculate and racemose, greenish; staminate flowers with 4 orbicular petals; stamens 12, in 3’s opposite the petals; pistillate flowers apetalous; fruit 3-winged, 1-celled, 1-seeded. The genus has been placed by some authors in the Celastraceae and by others in the Sapindaceae. Its proper position is doubtful. Leaves conspicuously crenate-serrate, long-acuminate, soon glabrate beneath. 1. N. viscosa. Leaves entire or nearly so, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent beneath. 2. N. integrifolia. 1. Neopringlea viscosa (Liebm.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 282, 1909. Llavea viscosa Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 96. 1854, Dry hillsides, Puebla and Oaxaca. Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 3 to 7 cm. long, thinly pilose when young; staminate inflorescence equaling or shorter than the leaves; pistillate flowers fasciculate; fruit about 7 mm. long, glabrous, emarginate at apex. 2. Neopringlea integrifolia (Hemsl.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 135. 1891. Liavea integrifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 6. 1878. Coahuila to San Luis Potost, Querétaro, and Hidalgo; type from Zimapfin, Hidalgo. Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. long, pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so beneath; fruit glabrous, 7 to 9 mm. long. ‘“ Corba-gallina ” (Tamaulipas, Palmer). 10. EXOTHEA Macfad. FI. Jam, 1: 232. 1837. 1. Exothea copalillo ( Schlecht.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 3°: 358. 1895. Cyrtocarpa copalillo Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 485. 1842. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz. Small tree; leaves persistent; leaflets usually 4, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 18 cm. long, obtuse, barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves, otherwise glabrous; flowers polygamous, tomentulose, in terminal and lateral panicles; sepals 5; petals 5, 3 mm. long; stamens 8. “ Copalillo” (Veracruz). Only one other species is known, EF. paniculata (Juss.) Radlk., the inkwood, which occurs in Florida, the West Indies, and Guatemala. J&Z. copalillo is closely related and may not be distinct from that species. 11. GUPANIA L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, even-pinnate or simple; flowers poly- Zamo-dioecious, racemose or paniculate, white or greenish; sepals 5; petals 5; *The genus is named in honor of Cyrus G. Pringle (1838-1911), a native of Vermont, perhaps the best-known and most industrious of North American botanical collectors. It has been estimated that during his 85 years of field work he distributed to the herbaria of the world over 500,000 specimens, rep- resenting 20,000 species, 12 per cent of which were new to science. His work in Mexico began in 1882 and extended nearly to the time of his death, during which period he visited repeatedly nearly all States of the Republic. The specimens he prepared are noted for their superior quality, and are un- equaled, probably, by those of any other collector. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 707 stamens 8; fruit a capsule, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, 2 to 4-lobed; seeds arillate. The seeds of some species are edible, and are said to have a flavor like that of chestnuts. In Guadeloupe a fermented drink has been made from them. An infusion of the leaves has been employed in the West Indies as a remedy for affections of the bladder and intestines. Leaflets 4 or 6, or the leaves simple; capsule thin, deeply lobed. ; 1. C. macrophylla. Leaflets usually about 10; capsule thick, shallowly or scarcely at all lobed. 2. C. glabra. 1. Cupania macrophylla A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cuba 291. 1845. Tamaulipas and perhaps elsewhere. Cuba (type locality) ; Guatemala. Shrub or small tree; leaflets oblong, oval-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 5 to 14 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, entirely or nearly so, glabrous; racemes simple or paniculate, sparsely puberulent; fruit about 1.5 cm. long. ‘“ Guara macho,” “guara colorada” (Cuba); “carbén colorado” (Guatemala, Blake). The Tamaulipas specimens, determined by Radlkofer, are noteworthy be- cause nearly all their leaves are simple. 2. Cupania glabra Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 61. 1788. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Costa Rica. Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaflets mostly oblong, 7 to 16 cm. long, rounded at apex, entire or crenate-serrate, glabrous or at first sparsely pubescent beneath ; panicles puberulent, often equaling or exceeding the leaves ; capsule brown, 12 to 15 mm. long. “ Guara blanca,” “ guara de costa” (Cuba) ; “huanchal” (Oaxaca). The wood is said to be hard, compact, heavy, and red. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CUPANIA AMERICANA L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753. This has been reported from Tabasco and Veracruz, but the writer has seen no specimens. The plant is similar to C. glabra, but has copiously pubescent leaves. In Tabasco it is said to be known as “ chichén colorado.” CUPANIA EXCELSA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 125, 1821. Type collected be- tween Mazatlin and Zumpango, Guerrero. 12. MATAYBA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 331. 1775. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or opposite, persistent, pinnate ; flowers in terminal and lateral panicles; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5; stamens 8; fruit a capsule, acutely or obtusely 3-angulate. Leaflets conspicuously crenate-serrate, rounded or retuse at apex; leaves alter- nate poe +--+ = + 1. M. scrobiculata. Leaflets entire or nearly so, usually narrowed at the apex; leaves mostly oppo- site._.__-_-________ eee -------- an _._2. M. apetala. 1. Matayba scrobiculata (H. B. K.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 9: 627. 1879. Cupania scrobiculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 127, 1821. Colima and Guerrero. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela; type from Turbaco, Colombia. Tree, about 7.5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 8, oblong or obovate-oblong, 6 to 12 em. long, coriaceous, glabrous; panicles equaling or longer than the leaves, minutely puberulent; flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented. 708 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The leaves are provided beneath with small shelters (for parasites?) in the axils of the nerves, 2. Matayba apetala (Macfad.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 9: 535. 1879. Cupania apetala Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 162. 1837. Veracruz. Ruatfin Island; Cuba and Jamaica (type locality). Tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaflets 4 to 8, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, usualy obtuse-acuminate, glabrous; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves, puberulent ; capsule stipitate, 1 to 1.5 em. broad. ‘“ Doncella” (Porto Rico). 13. THOUINIDIUM Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8: 267. 1878. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves even-pinnate, the leaflets coriaceous, entire or serrate; flowers small, regular, in terminal panicles; sepals and petals each 5; stamens 8 or 10; fruit of 2 or 3 laterally compressed, 1-seeded samaras. Leaflets 6 to 14, serrate, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so____1. T. decandrum. Leaflets 2 or 4, entire, rounded at apex velvety-pilose beneath____2. T. insigne. 1. Thouinidium decandrum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8: 284, 1878. Thouinia decandra Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 198. pl. 56. 1808, Thouinia riparia T. 8, Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 186. 1915. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Guatemala to Nicaragua. Slender tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; bark smooth, gray; leaflets coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, often subfalcate, finely reticulate-veined ; flowers white, about 8 mm. long, in large broad panicles; samaras about 4 em. long. glabrous. “ Charapo” (Michoacfin, Guerrero); “panalillo” (Sinaloa). 2. Thouinidium insigne (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl. Thouinia insignis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 884. 1909, Known only from the type locality, Santa Lucfa, Puebla. Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, coriaceous ; panicles thyrsiform, 6 to 15 cm. long; petals yellowish white, 6 mm. long; samaras about 4.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the wing shorter than the body. 14. TALISIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 349. 1775. 1. Talisia olivaeformis (H. B. K.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8: 342. 1878. Melicocca olivacformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 130. 1821. Chiapas and Yucatin. Colombia; type from Turbaco. Tree, 18 meters high; leaves persistent; leaflets 4, elliptic, 4 to 15 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glabrous; flowers paniculate, puberulent; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens 8; fruit elliptic, 1-celled, about 2 cm. long, pubescent. “ Guayo” (Yucatin) ; “uayum” (Yucatin, Maya); “mamé6n de mico” (Colombia). The fruit is edible. 15. SAPINDUS L. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753. 1. Sapindus saponaria L. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753. Sapindus marginatus Willd. Enum. P1. 432. 1809, Sapindus inaequalis DC. Prodr. 1: 608. 1824. Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836-39. Sapindus amolli Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 60. 1887. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 709 Nearly throughout Mexico; at low and middle altitudes. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the western hemisphere. Tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter, the top broad and dense; bark gray, fissured and flaky; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 to 17, linear-lanceolate to oblong, 5 to 18 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate, obtuse to long-acuminate; flowers whitish, about 4 mm. broad, dioecious or polyga- mous, in large terminal panicles; sepals and petals each 5; ovary 2-celled, only one of the cells developing ; fruit a 1-seeded berry, 1 to 1.5 cm, in diameter, with yellow translucent pulp; seed brown; wood light brown, dense, the specific gravity about 0.80. “ Jaboncillo” (Nuevo Ledén, San Luis Potosi, Durango, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Porto Rico); “ palo blanco” (Chihuahua); “ matamuchacho” (Sonora); “ tehuistle,”’ “ tehoitzli,” “tehuixtle,” or “tehuiztle” (Nahuatl) ; “ jamoncillo” (Durango, a corruption of jaboncillo, Patoni); “amole de bolita” (various localities) ; ‘“ yamolli,” “yamole” (Nahuatl; the fruit); “palo de cuentas,” “pipe,” “ pipal” (Oaxaca); “amole” (Chihuahua); “ bibi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “cholulo,” “gualulo” (Oaxaca, Reko); ‘“boliche” (Sinaloa) ; “ devanador ” (Veracruz, Seler) ; “ para-para” (Venezuela) ; “ palo jab6n ” (Argentina). The fruits contain as much as 87 per cent of saponin, and when macerated in water they produce suds like soap. They are much used in Mexico and other regions for washing clothes. The seeds are used for necklaces and rosaries, and they are said to have been used in England as buttons on waistcoats. The wood is of little use except for fuel. The fruit has been used as a febrifuge and for rheumatism and kidney diseases. It is said to be used also for stupefying fish. The fruits of some of the African species are edible, but their seeds are reputed poisonous. The tree is described by Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. V), who calls the seeds “ cuentas del xabon.” Sapindus saponaria is a variable species, and some writers would divide the Mexican material into two or more species. To the present writer none of the forms appear to be of specific value. In the typical form of the species the rachis is broadly winged, but in the more common Mexican form the rachis is exalate or narrowly marginate. The latter is S. saponaria f. inacqualigs (DC. Radlk. 90. SABIACEAE. Sabia Family. 1. MELIOSMA Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg 10. 1823. REFERENCE: Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 503-518. 1900. Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect or polygamo-dioecious, in compound racemes; sepals 5, rarely 8; petals 5, the 3 outer ones broad, imbricate, the 2 inner ones narrow; stamens 3, opposite the outer petals; fruit drupaceous, the stone osseous, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate; sepals 8_.-------------------------------------- 1. M, alba. Leaves simple; sepals 5. Flowers pedicellate ; leaves mostly 10 to 15 cm. long or smaller Leaves serrate_______.--_-------------------------------- 2. M. dentata, Leaves entire ________----------_----------~------------- 8. M. oaxacana. Flowers sessile; leaves 20 to 30 em, long_---_------------- 4. M. grandifolia. 1. Meliosma alba (Schlecht.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 816. 1843. Millingtonia alba Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 295. 1842, Kingsboroughia alba Liebm. Nat. For, Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 67. 1851. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz. 710 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaflets 5 to 13, opposite, ovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 10 cm. long or less, petiolulate, acuminate, serrate, pubescent at first, especially beneath; flowers pedicellate; petals 1.3 to 1.7 mm. long. “Palo blanco.” 2. Meliosma dentata (Liebm.) Urban, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges, 13: 212, 1895. Lorenzanea dentata Liebm. Nat. For. Kjjbenhavn Vid, Medd. 1850: 70. 1851. Jalisco to Oaxaca, Mexico, and Veracruz; type from Pico de Orizaba. Tree, 7.5 to 12 meters high; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 6 cm, wide, acuminate, remotely spinulose-serrate, pubescent beneath at first, soon glabrate; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 9 to 10 mm. long. 8. Meliosma oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Sierra San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 2,400 meters (Pringle 5720; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 316725). Small tree, the branchlets densely hirsutulous; petioles 5 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, entire, coriaceous, puberulent above along the nerves, pale beneath, fulvous-hirsutulous along the prominent costa and nerves; panicles axillary and terminal, long-pedunculate, about equaling the leaves, brownish-hirtellous; pedicels stout, 1 to 2 mm. long; sepals 5, suborbi- cular, ciliate but otherwise glabrous. 4. Meliosma grandifolia (Liebm.) Urban, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 13: 211. 1895. Lorenzanea grandifovia Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 73. 1851, Known only from the type locality, near Cuesta de Teotalcingo, Distrito de Chinantla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters. Leaves obovate-oblong, 8 to 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate, entire, pubescent, especially beneath; panicles axillary; fruit 21 to 24 mm. long, 18 to 22 mm. thick. 91, RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, often armed with spines; leaves simple, usually stipulate, entire or toothed; flowers perfect or polygamo-dioe- cious, small, commonly greenish, usually in axillary cymes, calyx 4 or 5-lobate ; petals 4 or 5 or none, cucullate or involute, sessile or clawed; stamens 4 or 5, opposite the petals; fruit 1 to 4-celled, capsular or drupaceous. Plants with tendrils; ovary inferior; fruit longitudinally winged. 1. GOUANTIA. Plants without tendrils; ovary superior; fruit not winged. Fruit drupaceous, with a single 1 to 4-celled stone. Leaves triplinerved_____-.--§_-_-_-_»__ 2. ZIZYPHUS. Leaves pinnate-nerved, or at least not triplinerved. Leaves alternate or fasciculate. Margins of leaves strongly revolute__________ 3. MICRORHAMNUS. Margins of leaves not revolute_____---__. 4. CONDALIA. Leaves subopposite______________-_-_- 5. KARWINSKIA. Fruit capsular, or drupaceous but containing 2 to 4 distinct or only slightly coherent stones. Leaves minute and soon deciduous; branchlets sSpinose, opposite. 6. ADOLPHIA. Leaves well developed, persistent; branchlets not spinose or, if so, alter- nate. Leaves each with 2 glands on the lower side near the base of the blade. 7. CORMONEMA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 711 Leaves without glands. Cells of the fruit dehiscent; leaves usually alternate. Petals greenish or yellowish-----~--------------- 8. COLUBRINA. Petals white, pink, or blue___-___---------------- 9. CEANOTHUS. Cells of the fruit indehiscent; leaves opposite or subopposite. Flowers sessile, in large panicles______---------- 10. SAGERETIA. Flowers pedicellate, solitary or umbellate in the leaf axils. 11. RHAMNUS. 1. GOUANIA Jaca. Stirp. Amer. 263. 1763. Shrubs, usually scandent, with tendrils in the inflorescence; leaves alternate, petiolate, toothed, pinnate-nerved or triplinerved; flowers small, polygamous, in long, terminal and axillary racemes or spikes; calyx 5-lobate, adherent to the ovary; petals 5; stamens 5; fruit coriaceous, inferior, 3-winged, the 3 cocci indehiscent, separating from the axis. Stipules persistent, reniform, large, leaflike; leaves glaucescent beneath, glab- rous_ - - - oe = === 1. G. stipularis. Stipules deciduous, linear or subulate; leaves not glaucescent beneath, hairy, at least on the nerves. Leaves glabrous beneath except along the nerves_-__------- 2. G. lupuloides. Leaves densely pubescent beneath, between as well as upon the nerves. Mature fruit narrowly winged, the wings about 1 mm. wide. 3. G. mexicana. Mature fruit broadly winged, the wings 5 mm. wide or larger. Axis of the fruit about 3 mm. Jong------------------- 4. G. polygama. Axis of the fruit 5 to 6 mm. long___-.------------------ 5. G. conzattii. 1. Gouania stipularis DC. Prodr. 2: 39. 1825. Phylica scandens Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 39. 1887. Gouania mexicana Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 259. 1896. Not G. mexicana Rose, 1895. Guerrero; reported from Yucatéin and Oaxaca. Branches glabrous, glaucescent; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 9 to 13 cm. long, subcordate at base, obtuse-acuminate at apex, thin, nearly entire; flowers densely pilosulous. Sessé and Mocifio give the locality of Phylica scandens as Apatzingan, Guer- rero, and that is doubtless the type locality also of Gouania stipularis. 2. Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910. Banisteria lupuloides L. Sp. Pl. 427. 1753. Rhamnus domingensis Jacg. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1760. Gouania domingensis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1663. 1763. Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatéin, Chiapas, and Sinaloa. South- ern Florida, West Indies, and Central America. Stems 3 to 10 meters long, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petiolate. lance-oblong to broadly ovate-elliptic, 4.5 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, remotely and coarsely serrate or subentire; racemes 10 to 40 em. long; flowers white or greenish white, densely pubescent ; fruit 7 to 12 cm. broad, glabrous or nearly so. “ Xomak” (Yucatin, Maya) ; “bejuco lefiatero,” ‘“ jaboncillo bejuco * (Cuba); “rabo de mono” (Nica- ragua) ; “ bejuco de indio ” (Santo Domingo). In the British West Indies the plant is known as “ chewstick,” pieces of the stem being sometimes chewed to heal and harden the gums and to cleanse the teeth. A decoction of the plant also is employed to harden the gums, and the 712 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. dried and powdered stems are employed in making dentifrices, having been exported to Europe for this purpose. The stems are bitter, and they were formerly used in Jamaica as a substitute for hops in brewing beer. The leaves have been employed for dropsy and affections of the stomach. The flowers are much frequented by bees. 3. Gouania mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Culiacin, Sinaloa. Slender scandent shrub with tomentulose branchlets; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic or broadly ovate, 6 to 9 em. long, acute, rounded or subcordate at base, densely pubescent on both surfaces, irregularly serrate; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad, densely tomentose. 4. Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910. Rhamnus polygama Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1760. Gouania tomentosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 263. 1763. San Luis Potos{f, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Stems densely tomentulose; leaves elliptic, broadly ovate, or ovate-elliptie, 5.5 to 11 em. long, obtuse and abruptly short-acuminate, usually subcordate at base, coarsely crenate or serrate, thinly or densely tomentose beneath; fruit 10 to 12 mm. broad, tomentose or in age glabrate. “ Jaboncillo ” (Panama). The bark is said to contain saponin. 5. Gouania conzattii Greenm. Field Mus, Bot. 2: 257. 1907. Guerrero to Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 1,700 meters. Stems tomentulose or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-elliptic, 5 to 9 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, subcordate at base, thinly tomentulose be- neath, irregularly crenate; fruit 8 to 18 mm. wide, glabrate. “ Espumilla ” (Guatemala) ; “ enredadera ” (Oaxaca, Conzatti). Perhaps only a form of G. polygama. 2. ZIZYPHUS Adans. Fam, Pl. 2: 304. 1763. Trees or shrubs; stipules often developing into spines; leaves alternate or opposite, 3-nerved, deciduous; flowers in axillary cymes; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, the stone 1 to 3-celled. Zizyphus sativa Gaertn. is cultivated in southern Europe for its edible fruit. 4. jujuba Lam., the jujube, also is cultivated for its fruit, from which is obtained the jujube paste used in confectionery. Leaves cuspidate-acuminate___.--------- 4. Z. acuminata, Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Inflorescence pubescent; leaf blades cordate or rounded at base; branches green —_____________---e ee 1. Z. sonorensis. Inflorescence glabrous; leaf blades often cuneate at base; branches brown. Leaves 3 to 7 em. long__-_-_--- 2. Z. mexicana. Leaves 1 to 8 em. long____-_---- 3. Z. pedunculata. 1. Zizyphus sonorensis 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44, 1889. Zizyphus seleri Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 29, 1909. Zizyphus endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 296. 1910. Baja California and Sonora to Jalisco and Oaxaca; type from Guaymas, Sonora, Shrub or small tree, 2 to 12 meters high, the younger branches green and often geniculate, armed with long stout spines; trunk bark grayish; leaves STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 713 ovate to orbicular-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, entire or remotely crenate, densely pubescent or nearly glabrous; cymes long-peduncu- late, equaling or longer than the leaves; fruit globose, red, about 1 cm. in diameter. “ Nanche de la costa” (Sinaloa) ; ‘‘amole dulce ” (Oaxaca). The fruit of this and the next species is used as a substitute for soap in washing clothes. 2. Zizyphus mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 315 1895. Colima to Oaxaca; type from “Armeria, Colima. Tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves mostly oblong, 3 to 7 em. long, entire or crenate, reticulate-veined ; cymes umbelliform, few- flowered, shorter than the leaves; fruit 12 to 15 mm. in diameter, globose. “Amole” (Colima). 3, Zizyphus pedunculata (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl. Condalia pedunculata T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 384. 1909. Type from Barranca de Tacuilosto, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Spiny shrub with brown branches; leaves mostly opposite, short-petiolate, oblong to oval, bright green, rounded at apex, entire or nearly so, glabrate ; inflorescence few-flowered; flowers about 5 mm. broad. Condalia selert Loesener,* described from Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, is apparently a synonym, and it may be that both names refer only to @ small-leaved form of Z. mexicana. 4, Zizyphus acuminata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 78. 1844. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Costa Rica. Branches armed with short stout spines, brown; leaves elliptic or oblong- elliptic, 10 to 13 cm. long, serrate above, glabrous. 3. MICRORHAMNUS A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 34. 1852. 1. Microrhamnus ericoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 1: 34. 1852. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. Western Texas; type from valley of Pecos River. Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, glabrous, the branchlets spinose; leaves alternate and fasciculate, linear or oblong, 3 to 6 mm. long, persistent, the margins strongly revolute; flowers yellow, pedicellate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate, clawed; fruit an ovoid drupe, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1-celled. “Abrojo” (Durango) ; “ tecomblate” (Durango, Chihuahua). 4. CONDALIA? Cay. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 1: 39. 1799. Shrubs or small trees, the branches usually spinose; leaves alternate, pin- nate-nerved, coriaceous, deciduous; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate ; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5 or none; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, the stone 1-celled. Petals none. Leaves 5 to 15 mm. wide__--------------------------------~ 1. C. obovata. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide. Lateral nerves of the leaves very conspicuous beneath, broad and coarse. 2. C. spathulata. Lateral nerves slender and inconspicuous__—------------- 3. C. mexicana. 1Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 355. 1911. 2In honor of Antonio Condal, a native of Barcelona, who accompanied the scientific expedition, under the direction of the Swedish botanist, Peter Loefling, sent by the Spanish Government to explore its South American possessions. 714 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Petals present. Inflorescence a sessile umbel, or the flowers solitary; fruit short-beaked. Pedicels glabrous; leaves pale beneath__-.-.--- 4. C. parryi. Pedicels pubescent; leaves green beneath__.....-- 5. C. lloydii. Inflorescence a short-pedunculate umbel; fruit not beaked. Leaves green beneath, somewhat 3-nerved at base________ 6. C. obtusifolia. Leaves pale beneath, pinnate-nerved__.--_-- 7. C. lycioides, 1. Condalia obovata Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 287. 1840. Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diameter ; bark thin, brown, ridged ; leaves broadly spatulate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, rounded at apex, petiolate, entire, glabrate; flowers green, solitary or fascicu- late, nearly Sessile; fruit dark blue or nearly black, 6 mm. long, with sweet flesh; wood hard and dense, red, its specific gravity about 1.20. “ Brasil” (Tamaulipas, Texas) ; “capulfn ” (Nuevo Le6én) ; “ capul negro ” (Texas). The wood yields a blue dye. The fruit, like that of other species, is edible and is said to make good jelly. The writer has seen no material of C. obovata angustifolia Loesener,’ de- scribed from Sinaloa, where it is said to be known as “ mezquitillo.” It prob- ably should be referred to some other species. 2. Condalia spathulata A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 82. 1852. Baja California to Sonora, Sinaloa, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila. Western Texas to southern California; type collected in Texas on the Rio Grande. Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with slender spinose branchlets; leaves narrowly spatulate, 5 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, petiolate, glabrous or pubes- cent ; flowers pedicellate, solitary or fasciculate; fruit short-beaked, 4 to 5 mm. long, black or purplish, bitter. “Chamfs” (Zacatecas) ; “ abrojo,” “ tecom- blate”” (Durango). 3. Condalia mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 471. 1841, Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from Zimapfn, Hidalgo. Southern Arizona. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with stout spinose branches; leaves obovate or oblanceolate, 5 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex, short-petiolate, entire, pubescent or glabrate; flowers nearly sessile in the axils; fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, short- beaked. “Bind6” (San Luis Potosi, Ramirez). 4, Condalia parryi (Torr.) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 404. 1895. Zizyphus parryi Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 46. 1859, Baja California. Southern California; type from San Felipe. Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 4.5 meters high, densely armed with stout spines, glabrous throughout ; leaves obovate or elliptic, 8 to 15 mm. long, short- petiolate, rounded at apex, entire; pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, yellowish red. The Coahuilla Indians of southern California pounded the fruit into a coarse meal which was mixed with water to make atole. 5. Condalia loydii Standl., sp. nov. Type from foothills, Cedros, Zacatecas (Lloyd 71; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 574037). *Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 297. 1910. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 715 Shrub with stout spinose branchlets; leaves fasciculate, short-petiolate, the blades oblong or elliptic, 6 to 12 mm. long, rounded at base and apex, entire or nearly so, bright green and pubescent on both surfaces; flowers fasciculate, the slender pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long; calyx pubescent, the lobes deltoid; petals equaling the calyx lobes. “ Garrapata.” 6. Condalia obtusifolia (Hook.) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 404. 1895. Rhamnus obdtusifolia Hook.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 685. 1840. Zizyphus obtusifolia A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 170. 1849. Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Densely branched shrub with stout spinose branchlets, these covered with pruinose flaky epidermis; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 6 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, thin, glabrate, entire or serrate; inflorescence villosulous ; fruit subglobose, black, 8 mm. in diameter. “Abrojo,” “chaparro prieto” (Tamaulipas). The fruit is edible but of poor quality. The roots are employed in Tamau- lipas as a substitute for soap, and a decoction of them is applied to sores on horses. 7. Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 404. 1895. Zizyphus lycioides A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 168. 1850. Baja California to Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas, type collected between Matamoros, Coahuila, and Mapimf, Durango. Western Texas to southern California. Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branchlets spinose, whitish ; leaves oblong, oval, or ovate, 5 to 25 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, entire or serrate, thin, pubescent or glabrate; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long, black. “Clepe” (Tamaulipas) ; “erucillo” (Tamaulipas, Coahuila) ; “ varrapata ” (Zacatecas) ; “ barchatas ” (Sonora); “ garambullo” (Durango, Patond). The typical form is glabrate. C. lycioides canescens (A. Gray) Trel. is a form with pubescent leaves. C lycioides microphylla Loesener,” described from Coahuila, is a form with small narrow leaves. The fruit is edible. The root bark is used as a soap substitute. The Pimas of Arizona employed a decoction of the root as a remedy for sore eyes. 5. KARWINSKIA’ Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 349. 1832. Shrubs or small trees; leaves subopposite, sessile or petiolate, entire, pinnate- nerved, pellucid-punctulate ; flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes or umbels; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes acute; petals 5, cucullate ; stamens 5; fruit drupa- ceous, apiculate, the stone 1 or 2-celled. 1In A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 408. 1897. Zizyphus lycioides canescens A. Gray; Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 82. 1879. ? Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 296. 1910. *The genus was named for Wilhelm Friedrich yon Karwinski, a Bavarian, who spent many years in Brazil. In 1826 he was sent by a society at Diissel- dorf to Mexico to collect objects of natural history. He remained five years in Mexico, most of the time in Oaxaca, although he collected also in Hidalgo and probably in Mexico. He forwarded to Europe many living plants, espe- cially Cactaceae and Agaves. In 1840 he revisited Mexico on behalf of the Russian Government and obtained collections which were sent to St. Peters- burg. He died at Munich in 1855. 716 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. eaves sessile, cordate at base... 1, K. umbellata. Leaves petiolate, rounded or obtuse at base. Flowers densely pubescent; leaves pubescent beneath. Nerves impressed on the upper surface of the leaf; leaves finely and densely puberulent above__---------- 2. K. mollis. Nerves not impressed ; leaves glabrate above___________ 3. K. pubescens. Flowers glabrous; leaves glabrous beneath. Petioles 1 to 3 cm. long; leaves mostly 3 to 5.5 em. wide, usually rounded and mucronate at apex_____-- 4. K. latifolia, Petioles less than 1 em. long, usually less than 7 mm.; leaves mostly 1 to 2 em. (rarely 8 cm.) wide, not conspicuously mucronate. 5. K. humboldtiana. 1. Karwinskia umbellata (Cav.) Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460. 1841, Rhamnus umbellata Cav. Icon. Pl, 6: 2. pl. 504. 1801. Karwinskia sessilifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 461. 1841, Michoacin and Guerrero; type collected between Chilpancingo and Rfo Azul, Guerrero. Glabrous shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, the transverse veins very prominent beneath; umbels pedunculate, few-flowered ; flowers green; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in diameter. 2. Karwinskia mollis Schlecht. Linnnea 15: 461. 1841. Querétaro, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type from Barranca de Santa Marfa. Shrub; branches densely pilosulous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, finely and densely pubescent on both surfaces, the lateral nerves close and parallel, very prominent beneath ; umbels usually sessile, often reduced to a single flower; fruit 7 to 9 mm. in diameter. 3. Karwinskia pubescens Standl., sp. nov. Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca, and Coahuila; type from Hermosillo, Sonora (Maltby 215: U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 314960). Western Texas. Slender shrub, about 1 meter high, the branchlets puberulent; leaves short- petiolate, oblong to ovate or elliptic, 2 to 4.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at base and apex, thin, beneath puberulent or thinly pilosulous, glabrate above, the lateral nerves usually few and distant ; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, densely pubescent; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. ‘ Coyotillo ” (Texas). This may be only a form of K. humboldtiana, but it appears fairly distinct. 4. Karwinskia latifolia Standl,, sp. nov. Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic (Palmer 1848; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 305562). Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves lance-oblong to broadly ovate-elliptic, 6; to 11 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at base, usually rounded at apex and mucronate, thin, pale beneath, the lateral nerves comparatively few and distant; umbels pedunculate; fruit 7 to 10 mm. long. ‘“ Margarita ” (Jalisco), This is the plant reported by Hooker and Arnott! as Rhamnus biniflorus var. ?, and referred doubtfully by Schlechtendal? to X. afinis. The leaves in some specimens are Strikingly suggestive of those of certain species of Cornus. *Bot. Beechey Voy. 283, 1836-39. *Linnaea 15: 460, 1841. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 717 8. Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem. & Schult.) Zuce. Abh, Akad. Wiss. Miin- chen 2: 351. 1832. Rhamnus humboldtiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819. ? Rhamnus dbiniflorus DC. Prodr. 2: 26, 1825. Karwinskia glandulosa Zuce. Flora 7: Beibl. 71. 1832. Karwinskia afinis Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460. 1841. ? Karwinskia biniflora Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460. 1841, ? Karwinskia subcordata Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 462. 1841. Rhamnus maculata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887. Karwinskia parvifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 315. 1895. Baja California to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Oaxaca; type col- lected near Puente de la Madre de Dios, between Totonilco El Grande and Actopan, Veracruz. Western Texas. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 8 meters high, the trunk sometimes 20 em. in di- ameter; leaves oblong to oval or elliptic, 1 to 6.5 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, paler beneath, with few or numerous pairs of nerves; umbels short- pedunculate, or some of them sessile; fruit 6 to 9 mm. long, blackish. ‘“ Coyo- tillo” (Tamaulipas, Texas); “ tullidora ” (Nuevo Le6én, Querétaro) ; “ tulli- dor” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas) ; “ capulincillo * (Nuevo Leén, Querétaro, Oax- aca); “capulincillo cimarrén” (Valley of Mexico, Querétaro); “ capulin” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas); “palo negrito * (Sinaloa); “margarita” (Tepic, Jalisco, Colima, Sinaloa, Durango) ; “ cacachila china,” “ cacachila silvestre,” “ frutillo,” “negrito” (Sinaloa) ; ‘ cacachila ” (Chihuahua) ; “ cachila” (Baja California) ; “margarita del cerro” (Jalisco) ; “ tlaleapolin ” (Nahuatl). The wood is said to be hard and strong. The fruit is sweet and edible, but the stones are harmful if swallowed. In people, especially children, paralysis, particularly of the lower limbs, is caused by eating stones, and similar effects are said to be produced in pigs and chickens. Palmer states that in Tamauli- pas children thus paralyzed are taken to a slaughter pen, and stomachs of freshly killed cattle are wrapped about the parts affected, an outer covering being employed to retain the warmth. There is a prevalent belief that this mode of treatment is quite successful. The seeds are oily, and they contain some principle which paralyzes the motor nerves. They are employed in Mexico as an anticonvulsive, particularly in the case of tetanus. An infusion or decoction of the leaves and roots is used locally for fevers, and Palmer states that the hot tea is held in the mouth as a remedy for toothache and neuralgia.’ This plant is illustrated by Hernindez? and described in a chapter entitled “De Cacatzin, seu parva Cacatl,” but little information is given concerning it. Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) also gives an account of the plant and of its harmful properties. The only Yucatin specimen seen by the writer is noteworthy in having sparsely pubescent flowers. The species is somewhat variable, but none of the forms appear worthy of specific rank. XK. parvifolia, a form of the Pacific coast, has very small leaves, but the leaves vary too greatly in size through- out the range of the plant to permit the use of this as a specific character. 6. ADOLPHIA Meisn. Pl. Vas. Gen. 70, 1837. 1. Adolphia infesta (H. B. K.) Meisn. Pl. Vas. Gen. 70. 1837. Ceanothus infestus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 61. pl. 614. 1825. Colletia multiflora DC. Prodr. 2: 29, 1825. 1 See also §. E. Sosa, Tullidora 6 capulincillo, Estudio 2: 35. 7 Thesaurus 308. 1651. 718 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Baja California to Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from “Gasave.” Western Texas. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, densely branched, the branches green, spinose, glabrous or pubescent; stipules persistent; flowers small, fasciculate in the axils; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, spatulate, cucullate; fruit drupaceous, coriace- ous, 3-celled. “Junco” (Durango). Adolphia californica S. Wats.’ has been reported from Mexico and may occur in northern Baja California. It is not certain that it is specifically distinct from A. infesta, 7. CORMONEMA Reissek; Endl. Gen. Pl. 1098. 1840, Shrubs or small trees, armed with spines; leaves alternate, entire, petiolate, the blade with 2 glands on the under surface near the base; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate, pedicellate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate, clawed ; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, 3-celled; the cocci crustaceous. Leaves acuminate at apex, acute at base____.._§.. 1. C. mexicana. Leaves rounded or vary obtuse at apex and usually retuse, rounded or obtuse at base..--__--_--- eee 2. C. biglandulosa. 1. Cormonema mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895. Known only from Tepic, the type locality. Tree, 3.5 meters high, the trunk 12 em. in diameter; leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-elliptic, 7 to 15 cm. long, nearly glabrous, the glands borne at the base of the blade adjacent to the petiole; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. 2. Cormonema biglandulosa (Sessé & Moc.) Standl. Rhamnus biglandulosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887. Cormonema nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315, 1895. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Apatzingan, Guerrero. Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high; leaves suborbicular to elliptic, 3 to 7.5 em. long, glabrous or nearly so, the glands borne on the margin of the blade remote from the petiole; flowers greenish yellow, densely glomerate, pubescent; fruit 6 mm. in diameter. “ Alezuilla ” (Sinaloa). 8 COLUBRINA L. Rich.; Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 868. 1827. Shrubs or trees, unarmed; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or serrate, usually 3-nerved; flowers axillary, cymose or fasciculate, greenish; calyx 5-lobate ; petals 5, cucullate, clawed ; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, 3-coccous, the cocci membranaceous or crustaceous. The bark of some the West Indian species is reported to be bitter and to have antiscorbutic, stomachic, tonic, laxative, febrifuge, and vermifuge proper- ties. Leaves entire, pinnate-nerved, all or most of them less than 2 em. long. 1. C. glabra. Leaves finely or coarsely serrate, 3-nerved at base, usually more than 2 em. long. Leaves coarsely, irregularly, and remotely serrate, the lower surface some- times glabrous or glabrate. Lower surface of leaves brown or ferruginous-tomentose__2. CG. ehrenbergii. Lower surface of leaves glabrous or glabrate____________. 3. C. glomerata, Leaves finely, evenly, and closely serrulate, the lower surface tomentose or densely pubescent. *Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 126. 18776. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 719 Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex, rarely acute, the fruit then more than 1 cm. in diameter. Leaves 4 to 10 mm. wide, pilose beneath or in age glabrate; fruit about 8 mm. in diameter__.-____---------- 4, C. texensis. Leaves 1.5 to 7 cm. wide, tomentose beneath; fruit over 1 cm. in diameter. 5. C. macrocarpa. Leaves acute or acuminate; fruit 8 mm. or less in diameter. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, in age glabrate beneath. 6. C. celtidifolia. Leaves pubescent on the upper surface, densely tomentose or loosely sericeous beneath__ - - _._.%. C. greggii. 1. Colubrina glabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44. 1889. Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Densely branched shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high; leaves mostly fasciculate, orbicular to oblong-ovate, obovate, or elliptic, rounded or retuse at apex, glabrous or pubescent; flowers yellowish green; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad, 2. Colubrina ehrenbergii Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 469. 1841. Jalisco, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type collected between Ajuntas and Las Verdosas. Shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acutish, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. 3. Colubrina glomerata (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 200. 1880. Rhamnus glomerata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. 1839. ?Zizyphus acuminata Benth. Bot. Voy Sulph. 78. 1844. Barcena guanajuatensis Duges, Rev. Cienc. Mex. 1: 8. 1879. Colubrina arborea T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 401. 1894. Colubrina mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895. Baja California to Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zacatecas. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute to long-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, bright green; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. The species is somewhat variable in leaf form, but the leaves vary about as much upon a single plant as in the whole series of specimens. 4, Colubrina texensis (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 169. 1850. Rhamnus texensis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 263, 1838. Coahuila and Nuevo Leén. Texas. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, densely branched; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or obovate, acute to rounded at base. 5. Colubrina macrocarpa (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 36. 1832. Ceanothus macrocarpus Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 38. pl. 276. 1794. Colubrina megacarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. pl. 11. 1903. Colubrina lanulosa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52:74. 1917. Michoacin, Guerrero, Querétaro, and Puebla. Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 4 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong to rounded-ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, rounded or rarely acutish at apex, rounded or cordate at base, densely pubescent on the upper surface. ‘Café cimarr6n ” (Querétaro). 720 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Colubrina alamani DC.,’ described from Mexico, is probably the same species, but it may be the same as C. greggii. 6. Colubrina celtidifolia (Schlecht: & Cham.) Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 471. 1841. Ceanothus celtidifolius Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 602. 1830. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic-ovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, rounded or sub- cordate at base, bright green. 7. Colubrina greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 336. 1882. Coahuila and Nuevo Leén to Veracruz and Yucatéin; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Shrub or small tree; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, obtuse to cordate at base. ‘“ Manzanita,” “guayul” (Tamaulipas); “pimiento-ché,” “ yax-pukim,” “ yax-puken” (Yucatféin, Maya). This has been reported from Yucatéin as C. ferruginosa Brongn., a West Indian species. The fruit is said to be edible. Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas the wood is used for shoe pegs. 9. CEANOTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 195. 1753. Shrubs or small trees, often with spinose branchlets; leaves alternate or opposite, short-petiolate; entire or toothed, usually triplinerved; flowers per- fect, in cymes or umbels, these usually forming panicles or thyrses; petals white, pink, or blue; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5; stamens 5; fruit dry, 3-coccous, longitudinally dehiscent. Some of the species are showy when in flower. The blue-flowered ones are known on the Pacific coast of the United States as “ California lilac.” Ceano- thus americanus L., of the United States is known as ‘“ New Jersey tea.” The astringent roots contain over 6 per cent of tannin, and an alkaloid, ceanothine. They have been used in the treatment of syphilis, and are said to have purga- tive properties, The leaves were used by the Indians to make a beverage like tea, and during the Revolutionary War they were employed along the Atlantic coast as a substitute for Chinese tea. Gilmore?” states that the flavor of the beverage made from them “is something like that of Asiatic tea and is much better than that of the South American yerba maté.” The fresh flowers of some, and probably of all, of the species, when rubbed in water, gives a cleans- ing lather which is a good substitute for soap. Stipules persistent, the bases corky or spongy; leaves opposite, except in one species; capsule usually with dorsal and apical horns as well as crests; flowers white, umbellate. Leaves alternate__-_.-__--_--- 1. C. verrucosus. Leaves opposite. Leaves coarsely dentate-_-__.-_-_---_-__- 2. C. goldmanii. Leaves entire, or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth. Leaves cuneate-obovate or spatulate, the margins not revolute. 3. C. cuneatus. Leaves oblong to oval, the margins revolute. Tomentum of the lower surface of the leaf coarse and loose. 4. C. lanuginosus. Tomentum very fine and closely appressed__________.____ 5. C. gregeii. *Prodr. 2: :31, 1825. 7 Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer, Ethnol. 33: 102. 1919. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 721 Stipules thin and deciduous; leaves alternate; capsule without horns; flowers blue or white, usually racemose. Leaves glabrous beneath or with a few closely appressed, straight hairs; branchlets glaucous or glaucescent. Leaves pinnate-nerved___.------.-..----------------------- 6. C. spinosus, Leaves 3-nerved__________-----. .---------------------- 7. C. divaricatus. Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, usually densely so, often tomentose ; branchlets never glaucous. Branchlets never spinose; petals usually blue; flowers mostly in elongate racemes. Leaves 1 to 2 em. Jong, densely and minutely sericeous beneath. 8. C. tomentosus. Leaves mostly 3 to 8 cm. long, coarsely tomentose beneath. 9. C. coeruleus. Branchlets spinose; petals white; flowers umbellate. Leaves entire______---------.-- - - __10, C. huichagorare. Leaves finely serrulate. Lower surface of the leaf finely white-sericeous between the nerves. Leaves suborbicular, rounded at base, glabrate on the upper surface. 11. C. pueblensis. Leaves oval-obovate to cuneate-obovate, obtuse or cuneate at base, sericeous on the upper surface___-___------ 12. C. durangoinus, Lower surface of the leaf tomentose, or the pubescence consisting of long loose hairs, these all or chiefly confined to the nerves. Capsule coarsely tuberculate and cristate--.----------- 13. C. ferox. Capsule smooth. Leaves sparsely or densely tomentose beneath, the hairs matted. Leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, very sparsely tomentose beneath ___------------------- 14. C. depressus. Leaves densely pubescent on the upper surface or very tardily glabrate, densely tomentose beneath-----_-- 15. C. endlichii, Leaves pilose beneath along the nerves with long straight hairs. 16. C. buxifolius. 1. Ceanothus verrucosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego. Low shrub with gray or brown branches; leaves cuneate-obovate or rounded- obovate, 4 to 12 mm, long, rounded or retuse at apex, entire or denticulate, minutely tomentulose beneath or glabrate; flowers white. 2. Ceanothus goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Mountains of Baja California; type from La Huerta. Stout shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, often forming dense thickets ; leaves cuneate- obovate to suborbicular, 7 to 14 mm. long, coarsely dentate, minutely tomentu- lose or glabrate beneath. This has been reported from Baja California as C. rigidus Nutt. 3. Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838. Rhamnus cuneata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 124. 1829. Ceanothus submontanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Baja California. California and Oregon. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with gray branches; leaves 6 to 15 mm. long, ob- tuse or rounded at apex, nearly sessile, minutely tomentulose beneath. 7808—23——_14 722 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Ceanothus lanuginosus (Jones) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Ceanothus greggii lanuginosus Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 620, 1895. Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua. Shrub with rigid grayish branches; leaves 7 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, densely tomentose beneath, tomentose above at first but soon glabrate. 5. Ceanothus greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 28. 1853. Ceanothus australis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 283. 1909. Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosf, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Buenavista, Coahuila. Western Texas to southern Utah. Low shrub with intricate brown or grayish branches; leaves 6 to 15 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, green and glabrate on the upper surface. 6. Ceanothus spinosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from Santa Barbara. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 15 em. in diam- eter; bark red-brown, scaly; leaves elliptic to oblong-oval, 2 to 4 cm. long, rounded or retuse at apex, pale beneath ; flowers blue. 7. Ceanothus divaricatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, F). N. Amer. 1: 266, 1838, Baja California. California; type from Santa Barbara. Tall shrub; leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, often subcordate at base, entire or serrulate; flowers pale blue. Some of the Baja California specimens have been identified as C. palmeri Trel. and C. cordulatus Kellogg, but all seem to belong rather to GC. divaricatus. 8. Ceanothus tomentosus Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 5: 190. 1889. Baja California. California; type from Ione. Shrub with slender, gray or reddish branches; leaves elliptic or oval-ovate, rounded at base and apex, serrulate, glabrate on the upper surface or minutely velutinous. Baja California specimens have been determined as C. sorediatus Hook. & Arn. 9. Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 11. 1816. Ceanothus azureus Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. 232. 1815, nomen nudum. Ceanothus bicolor Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 65. 1829. Ceanothus glandulosus Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 474, 1841. Ceanothus azureus parvifolius S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 23: 270. 1888. Ceanothus candolleanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 283. 1909. Ceanothus parvifolius Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Not C. parvifolius Trel. 1888, Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, acute or obtuse, serrulate, green above and glabrate or sometimes densely pubescent, covered beneath with a rusty tomentum; flowers blue or nearly white. “Chaquira” (Oaxaca, Mexico); “ chaquirilla ”. “alo colorado”; “tlaxistle,” ‘“ tnu-yoocé” (Michoacin, Oaxaca, Seler); “sayolistle,” ‘‘ cuai- cuastle ” (Mexico, Harshberger). The bark is said to have tonic and febrifuge properties. A decoction of the leaves is used for sore throat, and the decoction of the roots for venereal dis- eases. The species was listed by Sessé and Mocifio’ as C. americanus. *Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 7123 The numerous specimens examined are remarkably uniform in their char- acters, the only exception being a few which are referable to C. azureus parvi- folius S. Wats. This form is distinguished by its relatively. small leaves and ’ reduced inflorescence. Although raised to specific rank by Rose, there appears to be no character by which it can be separated definitely from C. coeruleus. 10. Ceanothus huichagorare Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 298. 1910. Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, and Jalisco; type from Baquiriachic, Chi- huahua. Low shrub with slender spinose branches; leaves elliptic or oval, 1 to 18 em. long, obtuse or rounded at base and apex, green and glabrate above, appressed-pilose beneath along the nerves. The specimens to be placed here have usually been determined as C. buzi- folius. ‘“ Huichagorare” is the Tarahumare name of the plant. 11. Ceanothus pueblensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Esperanza, Puebla (Purpus 5821; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 464452). Shrub with short stiff spinose branchlets; leaves short-petiolate, 7 to 10 mm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, broadly rounded at each end, 8-nerved, green and glabrate above, densely whitish-sericeous beneath, glandular-serrulate; flowers white, the pedicels glabrous. 12. Ceanothus durangoinus Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 297. 1910. Durango; type from Hacienda Santa Catalina, Sierra de Gam6n, altitude 2,200 meters. Low, densely branched shrub with gray or brownish branches; leaves short- petiolate, 0.8 to 1.7 cm. long, green above, gray beneath. 13. Ceanothus ferox Standl., sp. nov. Type from mountains near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas (Nelson 4479; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 332667). Branchlets slender, brownish, spinose, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oval-elliptic to suborbicular, 5 to 10 mm. long and nearly as wide, rounded at each end, 3-nerved, glandular-serrulate, green and glabrous above, paler green beneath and appressed-pilose along the nerves; capsule 5 mm. broad, densely covered with irregular ridges and tubercles. 14, Ceanothus depressus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 8. 1839. San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas; type from Zacatecas. Shrub with stout spinose branches; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at each end. Specimens from San Luis Potos{ are referred here upon the authority of Watson, but the writer does not feel certain that they are correctly determined. 15. Ceanothus endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 298. 1910. Chihuahua and Sonora; type from Chihuahua, in the Sierra Madre between Basagote and Cerracahue, altitude 1,600 meters. Low spiny shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to rounded-ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, grayish, rounded at each end. Some of the specimens have been determined previously as C. fendleri venosus Trel., and a Sonoran specimen has been reported as C. buxifolius. 16. Ceanothus buxifolius Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 800. 1819. Chihuahua, Durango, and Hidalgo; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Low spiny shrub; leaves elliptic-obovate to broadly elliptic, 8 to 16 mm. long, rounded to acutish at base, rounded at apex, petiolate. It is possible that the material at hand represents two species, but the forms seem identical except in leaf shape. 724 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ‘EANOTHUS MOCINIANUS DC. Prodr. 2: 32. 1825. CEANOTHUS PAUCIFLORUS DC, Prodr. 2: 33. 1825. Both this and the preceding were based upon plates of Sessé and Mocifio. It is doubtful whether they belong to the genus. 10. SAGERETIA Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 859. 1827, Shrubs or small trees, the branchlets slender, often spinose; leaves subop- posite, short-petiolate, pinnately nerved, entire or serrate; flowers minute, glomerate along the branches of the panicle; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, eucullate, clawed; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, juicy, the 3 nutlets coriaceous, inde- hiscent. Many of the species have edible fruit. The leaves of S. theezans (L.) Brongn. are used in China as a substitute for tea. Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse at base, 1 to 2 cm. long_-1. S. wrightii. Leaves acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 3 to 6 cm, long. 2. S. elegans. 1. Sageretia wrightii S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 20: 358. 1885. Sonora to Jalisco; type from Santa Cruz, Sonora. Western Texas and southern Arizona, Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 3 meters high, the branchlets spinose; leaves oblong to elliptic, obscurely serrulate or entire, lustrous, tomentulose when young but soon glabrate; inflorescence little exceeding the leaves. This was reported by Hemsley as S. michauzii Brongn, 2. Sageretia elegans (H. B. K.) Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 359. 1827. Rhamnus elegans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 53. pl. 619, 1825. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America, Colombia, and Peru. Slender sarmentose shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate to ovate- elliptic, deciduous, serrulate, tomentulose beneath when young but soon glabrate; panicles very large and broad, tomentose, the flowers whitish; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. Sageretia salamensis Loesener,’ described from Guatemala, is probably not separable from this species. 11. RHAMNUS L. Sp. Pl. 193. 1753. Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate, persistent or deciduous, pinnate-nerved, entire or toothed; flowers green, perfect or polygamo-dioecious, axillary, solitary, fasciculate, or umbellate; calyx 4 or 5-lobate; petals 4 or 5 or none; stamens 4 or 5; fruit drupaceous, 2 to 4-celled, the nutlets osseous or vartilaginous. The species are known by the English name “ buckthorn.” R. cathartica L., of Europe, yields a green dye, and the fruit and bark have purgative properties. The dried bark of R. purshiana DC., of the western United States, is an official drug, known as “ cascara sagrada.” The bark is yellow within, with a bitter and rather nauseous taste; its extract is used in medicine as a laxative. R. californica Eschsch. also has similar properties, and much of the drug of com- merce is probably derived from this species. * Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 30. 1910. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 725 Flowers all or mostly in pedunculate umbels. Leaves covered beneath with a minute close white tomentum. 1. BR. tomentella. Leaves green beneath, short-pilose, glabrate, or with a loose coarse tomentum. Leaves acuminate, long-petiolate_____---_-_-_---------------- 2. R. discolor. Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex or sometimes acute, short-petiolate. Leaf blades broadly oval, less than twice as long as broad, densely vil- lous-tomentose beneath____-------------------------- 3 BR. palmeri. Leaf blades oblong to elliptic, short-pilose or glabrate beneath. 4, R. betulaefolia. Flowers solitary in the axils or in sessile umbels. _ Leaves entire, glabrous. Petals none__---------------- 5. R. brandegeana. Leaves serrulate or dentate or if (rarely) entire, copiously pubescent. Fruit normally dicoccous; leaves persistent, often pungent-dentate ; sepals usually 4. Leaves linear-oblong, 3 mm. wide or less_-_--_-------- 6. R. stenophylla. Leaves elliptic-oblong to orbicular, 5 to 35 mm. wide. Leaves acute or acutish________-_-----__----------------- Y. R. serrata. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Leaves orbicular to rounded-obovate, 7 to 35 mm. wide. 1 8. R. ilicifolia. , Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 8 mm. wide___-9. R. microphylla. Fruit tricoccous; leaves mostly deciduous, not pungent-dentate ; sepals 5. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Leaves densely pilose, 1.5 to 3 em. wide_-_----------- 10. R. pringlei. Leaves nearly glabrous, less than 1 em, wide_----- 11, R. macrocarpa. Leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves elliptic, abruptly short-acuminate_-------- 12. R. capreaefolia. Leaves mostly oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate. , 13. R. mucronata. 1. Rhamnus tomentella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. 1848. Rhamnus californica tomentella Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 101. 1876. Northern Baja California. New Mexico to southern California. Large shrub with tomentulose branchlets: leaves oblong, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, green on the upper surface and minutely puberulent, the lateral nerves very prominent beneath, the margins revolute, subentire; jlowers 5-parted, puberulent; fruit usually dicoccous. 2. Rhamnus discolor (Donn. Smith) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 51. 1903. Rhamnus capreaefolia discolor Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz, 20: 200. 1893. Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Cobfn, Guatemala. Small tree; leaves long-petiolate, deciduous, mostly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 6 to 15 cm. long, pubescent beneath or finally glabrate, obscurely serrulate ; umbels densely pubescent, some of them sessile and some pedunculate; flowers 5-parted, green; fruit usually tricoccous. “Duraznillo” (Costa Rica). 3. Rhamnus palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 403. 1887. Known only from the vicinity of Tequila, Jalisco, the type locality. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with tomentose branches; leaves very short- petiolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, broadly rounded at base and apex, coarsely or finely serrate, densely pilose on the upper surface ; umbels partly sessile and partly pedunculate; fruit tricoccous. 726 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 16. 1896. Rhamnus californica betulaefolia Trel. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 408. 1897. Rhamnus revoluta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1903. Rhamnus ellipsoidea Greene, Leaflets 2: 267. 1912. Rhamnus conjinis Greene, Leaflets 2: 267. 1912. Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, and Nuevo Leon. Western Texas to southern Arizona ; type from Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico. Large shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to broadly elliptic, 4 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, bright green, pubescent or glabrate on the upper surface; umbels puberulent; fruit tricoccous. 5. Rhamnus brandegeana Standl. Rhamnus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 274. 1912. Not R. purpusi Schelle, 1903. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf; type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosf. Small tree, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, bright green, the margins revolute; petals none. The writer has seen four collections of this species, including one (without locality) obtained by Thomas Coulter, but all are without fruit. The generic position of the plant is uncertain. 6. Rhamnus stenophylla Standl., sp. nov. Mountains of Tepic; type collected in the Sierra Madre (Rose 3464; U. S. Nat. Herb. no 302441). Branches brown, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, 6 to 12 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, obscurely serrulate, sparsely pilosulous beneath when young but soon glabrate, the margins somewhat revolute; pedicels solitary or gem- inate, puberulent; calyx 5-lobate; petals much shorter than the sepals; fruit 5 mm. long, glabrous. 7. Rhamnus serrata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819. Rhamnus serrulata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 51. pl. 607. 1825. San Luis Potos{ to Mexico; type from San Agustin de las Cuevas. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, coriaceous, sharply serru- late, yellowish beneath, at first minutely pilose but soon glabrate; umbels glabrous; fruit 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘“ Capulincillo” (San Luis Potos{) ; “ tlaleapol- lin” (Nahuatl, Urbina). 8. Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 37. 1863. Rhamnus insularis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. II, 2: 392. 1887. Rhamnus crocea insularis Sarg. Gard. & For, 2: 364. 1889. Baja California, California and Arizona; type from Clear Lake, California. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diame- ter; bark thin, gray; leaves 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, rigid, spinose-dentate, yellowish beneath, glabrous or nearly so; petals none; fruit red, 5 to 7 mm. long. Sometimes known as “ California holly.” R. insularis is a form with large, less conspicuously toothed leaves. R. ilicifolia is closely related to R. crocea Nutt., and may not be specifically distinct. That species is said to have yellow fine-grained heavy wood. The fruit was eaten by the Indians of California. It is said to give a conspicuous red tinge to the body of one who eats it in quantity. The bark has an agreeable odor and is rather bitter; it has tonic and slightly laxative, or in large doses cathartic, properties. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 727 9. Rhamnuus microphylla Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819. Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, and Hidalgo ; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Low shrub with brown puberulent branches ; leaves 7 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, serrulate, glabrate, often yellowish beneath; flowers glabrous; petals present; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long. 10. Rhamnus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1903. Oaxaca; type from foothills of Sierra de San Felipe. Small shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to suborbicular, 2 to 5.5 em. long, irregularly serrulate ; umbels densely pilose; fruit about 5 mm. long; glabrous. 11. Rhamnus macrocarpa Standl., sp. nov. Type collected on hills near PAtzcuaro, Michoacin (Pringle 5331; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 316795). Branches brown, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or narrowly ellip- tic-oblong, 1.2 to 3 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, crenate-serrulate, green above, sparsely puberulent, yellowish beneath, puberulent along the nerves; pedicels puberulent ; fruit 1 em. broad. 12. Rhamnus capreaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 464. 1841. Veracruz and Oxaca; type from Malpais de Naolinco, Veracruz. Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 4 to 14 em. long, thin, green or yellowish beneath, obscurely serrulate, pubescent or glabrate beneath; flowers pilose; petals present ; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, often pilose. 13. Rhamnus mucronata Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 465,. 1841. Rhamnus nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. 1903. Rhamnus obliqua Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1908. Tepic to Zacatecas, Mexico, and Chiapas; type collected near Chantla and Angangueo, Michoacan. Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 4 to 11 cm. long, thin, bright green, often yellowish beneath, serrulate or subentire, pubescent or glabrate; flowers puberulent or short-pilose; petals present ; fruit 5 to 7 mm. long, glabrous. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. RHAMNUS TERNIFLORA DC. Prodr. 2: 26. 1825. Based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates. 92, VITACEAE. Grape Family. REFERENCE: Planchon, Monographie des Ampélidées vraies, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 305-654. 1887. Scandent shrubs or sometimes herbs, usually with tendrils; leaves alternate, simple or compound, petiolate ; flowers small, perfect or polygamous, usually in cymes; calyx entire or 4 or 5-dentate ; petals 4 or 5, valvate; stamens 4 or 5, opposite the petals; fruit a 1 to 4-celled berry. Leaves digitately 5 to 7-foliolate-------------------- 1. PARTHENOCISSUS. Leaves simple, trifoliolate, or ternately compound. Petals coherent into a cap, caducous, Leaves simple____--------- 2. VITIS. Petals distinct, spreading. Petals 4; disk 4-lobate-____--------------------------------- 3. CISSUS. Petals usually 5; disk 5-lobate or 10-striate. Disk annular, 10-striate____-_------------------- 4, AMPELOCISSUS. Disk cupular, 5-lobate__-----~----------------------- 5. AMPELOPSIS. 728 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 447. 1887. 1. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 448. 1887. Hedera quinquefolia L. Sp. Pl. 202. 1753. Vitis quinquefolia Lam. Tabl. Encyel. 2: 135. 1793. Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx. FI, Bor. Amer. 1: 160. 1803, Nuevo Le6én, Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Michoacfn. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada, and in Cuba and the Bahamas. Seandent shrub, usually glabrous throughout; leaflets 5, elliptic to oblanceo- late, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate; flowers perfect or polygamo-monoecious, green, in compound cymes; petals 5, spread- ing; fruit blue, 8 to 9 mm. in diameter, 2 or 3-seeded. A handsome vine, often planted for ornamental purposes. Known in the United States as “ Virginia creeper.” The leaves turn red in autumn. The bark has been used in domestic medicinal practice as an alterative, ton‘c, and expectorant, and for dropsy. The crushed leaves applied to the skin are said to produce blisters. The fruit is not edible. Parthenocissus quinquefolia hirsuta (Donn) Planch. (Ampelopsis hirsuta Donn ; Parthenocissus hirsuta Small ; Ampelopsis pubescens Schlecht.) is a form with leaflets sparsely pilose beneath. Specimens from Nuevo Leén and Vera- cruz belong here. 2. VITIS L. Sp. Pl. 202. 1753. Climbing shrubs; leaves long-petiolate, simple, toothed or lobed; flowers mostly dioecious or polygamo-dioecious, cymose-paniculate; petals caducous: ovary 2-celled; fruit a globose berry, pulpy, edible, The Mexican native grapes, like those of the United States, are difficult of separation, and their characters poorly marked. The cultivated grapes of Mexico are chiefly of the Old World type, being derived from Vitis vinifera L. The cultivated grapes of the eastern United States are derived from the native species. European grapes (“ vid,” the plant; “uva,” “parra,” the fruit; “bicholi,” “yaga-bicholi,” Zapotec) are said to have been introduced into Mexico about 1522, and their culture upon a large scale was begun at once, especially for the purpose of making wine. During at least a portion of the Spanish occupation, however, the local manufacture of wine was prohibited by the Spanish Government, for the protection of the wine industry of Spain. Clavigero states that vineyards were established in Baja California by the Jesuits, and that grapes were more successful there than any other fruit except figs. Oviedo relates that grapes were cultivated in Santo Domingo at the beginning of the sixteenth century, and he mentions particularly the vineyard of Diego Col6n, which was destroyed through neglect. He refers to the wild grapes (Vitis tiliifolia) of Santo Domingo which, he says are good, “that is, for wild grapes,” and suggests that they might be improved by cultivation. Wine is occasionally made in Mexico from the wild grapes. The Indians of the United States sometimes dried the fruit for winter use, and in spring they tapped the larger vines to obtain the sap, which was used as a beverage. Wild grapes are mentioned by Hernfindez? in a chapter entitled “De Ceual- chilchiltic, seu vite sylvestri, Lambruscave indigena.” He states that the name “xocomecatl” also was applied to the plant. * Thesaurus 128. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 729 Leaves glabrate beneath when mature, or pilosulous, the tomentum, if any, confined chiefly to the venis. Plants scarcely climbing, the tendrils mostly abortive; leaves comparatively small_______-___------------- - _-1. V. arizonica. Plants climbing, the tendrils well developed : leaves large. Tomentum none on the leaves___---------------------- 2. V. bourgaeana. Tomentum usually present on the lower surface of the leaves along the veins _- Wee ee += = 3. V. berlandieri. Leaves with persistent loose or close tomentum over the whole lower surface. Tomentum wholly gray or whitish--------------------------- 4, V. cinerea, Tomentum rusty or reddish, at least along the veins__-------- 5. V. tiliifolia. 1. Vitis arizonica Engelm. Amer. Nat. 2: 321. 1868. Baja California and Sonora to Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Western Texas to Arizona and Utah. Plants much branched, the stems floccose-tementose; leaves broadly cordate, mostly 4 to 6 cm, long, acute or short-acuminate, coarsely dentate, sometimes shallowly lobate, loosely floccose beneath when young; fruit black, 2 or 3- seeded. “Vid,” “parra” (Tamaulipas). Havard! remarks concerning this species, ‘ Vitis arizonica has been found growing in rows near Fort Whipple, Arizona, which may be accepted as con- clusive evidence of its culture by the Pueblo Indians.” 2, Vitis bourgaeana Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 368. 1887. Jalisco to Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba, Veracruz. Stems loosely floccose-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 15 em. long. acuminate, irregularly dentate, often shallowly 3-lobate or deeply 5-lobate, glabrate above, beneath sparsely pilosulous or glabrate. 3. Vitis berlandieri Planch. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 91: 425. 1880. Coahuila to Veracruz. Western Texas. Stems loosely floccose-tomentose or glabrate; leaves broadly cordate, 9 to 14 em, long, often as broad as long, short-acuminate, coarsely dentate and often shallowly 3-lobate, glabrate above, puberulent beneath ; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, purple, slightly glaucous, with pleasant flavor. “Uva cimarrona” (Veracruz). 4. Vitis cinerea Engelm.; Bushberg, Cat. ed. 3. 17. 1883. Vitis aestivalis cinerea Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 697. 1867. Vitis biformis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 315. 1905. Sonora to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Durango. Central and southern United States. Young branches floccose-tomentose ; leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 14 cm. long, crenate-dentate, often shallowly 3-lobate, floccose-tomentose above when young but soon glabrate; fruit black, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, acid. “Uva” (San Luis Potosf) ; “ parra silvestre” (Tamaulipas). 5. Vitis tiliifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 320. 1819. Vitis caribaea DC. Prodr. 1: 634. 1824. Vitis blancoii Munson, Wild Grapes N. Amer. 14. 1890. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Southern Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Young branches floccose-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 18 cm. long, usually abruptly acuminate, rather finely dentate, rarely lobate, usually Bull. Torrey Club 22: 104. 1895. 730 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. densely tomentose beneath; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, purple. “ Parra silvestre” (Tabasco) ; ‘ bejuco de agua” (Oaxaca, Nicaragua, Colombia, Porto Rico) ; “ bejuco de cazadores,” “ pichol” (Oaxaca) ; “uva” (Michoacan, Guer- rero); “uvilla cimarrona” (Jalisco, Veracruz); “parra broncadora” (Jalisco) ; ‘‘parra” (Nicaragua, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica) ; “agra” (Costa Rica, Colombia; a corruption of agraz, the name for the wild grape of Spain); “parra cimarrona” (Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico); “bejuco de parra” (Guatemala); “uva cimarrona” (Nicaragua) ; “bejuco caro” (Santo Domingo). The stems sometimes attain a diameter of 20 cm. From a section of the stem a considerable amount of water may be obtained, a fact of which ad- vantage is often taken by hunters or other persons in forests where the ordinary sources of water are wanting. The sap is reputed to have diuretic properties and a decoction of the leaves has been employed as a remedy for fevers. Descourtilz states that the leaves were applied as poultices for gout. It is probably this species to which the names Vitis indica and V. labrusca were applied by Sessé and Mociiio.’ 3. CISSUS L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753. Vines, the stems herbaceous or woody; leaves simple or ternate, usually succulent; flowers mostly perfect, 4-parted, cymose-corymbose; ovary 2-celled; fruit 1 to 4-seeded, usually inedible. Leaves simple, entire or dentate, never lobate. Leaves sessile or very short-petiolate, densely soft-pilose beneath. 1. C. arsenii. Leaves long-petiolate, Pedicels densely pubescent__.__._--.-_--__.__..__ 2. C. subtruncata. Pedicels glabrous. Leaves broadly cuneate at base, broadest near the apex, nearly entire, glabrous - -- - - _3. C. sinaloae. Leaves rounded or cordate at base, broadest at or below the middle, usually conspicuously dentate, glabrous or pubescent. 4. C. sicyoides. Leaves trifoliolate, or simple and lobate. Flowers green; leaves very thick and fleshy. Leaves deeply 5-lobate_-_--____-_____--e 5. C. tuberosa. Leaves 3-lobate or trifoliolate......--__-_---_---- 6. C. trifoliata. Flowers red; leaves thin. Leaflets glabrous beneath, usually 1.5 to 4 em. long_.____7%. C. microcarpa. Leaflets pubescent beneath, at least along the nerves. Flowers 3 to 4 mm. long__-.--_-------e 8. C. cucurbitina. Flowers 1.5 to 2 mm. long. Leaflets rounded at apex_._.-... 9. C. salutaris. Leaflets all or mostly abruptly acute or acuminate at apex. 10. C. rhombifolia, 1. Cissus arsenii Standl., sp. nov. Type from Morelia, Michoacin (Arséne 10006; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,001,397). Stems densely puberulent; petioles stout, 2 to 7 cm. long; leaves ovate- rhombic, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at base, serrate, green above but densely pubescent; peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the cymes dense, few-flowered, 1 to 2 cm. broad; pedicels glabrous; flowers green. *Pl. Nov. Hisp. 39. 1887. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 731 2. Cissus subtruncata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Morelos; type collected near the city of Oaxaca. Stems densely pubescent; leaves cordate to subreniform, 4 to 12 cm. long and about as broad, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, truncate to cordate at base, serrate-dentate, densely pubescent ; cymes pedunculate, equaling or longer than the leaves; flowers green. 3. Cissus sinaloae Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Rosario and Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1872; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300756). Glabrous throughout; petioles 6 to 12 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate, 8 to 12 em. long, truncate or obtuse at apex, thin, with a few remote appressed serrations; inflorescence long-pedunculate, the cymes umbellate; fruit obovoid, 6 mm. long. 4, Cissus sicyoides L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 897. 1759. Cissus elliptica Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 440. 1830. Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical America. . Slender vine, often very long; leaves oblong-ovate to subreniform, 4 to 16 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, rounded to deeply cordate at base, coarsely or finely serrate, varying from glabrous to densely pubescent ; cymes corymbiform, loose and open; fruit globose-obovoid, j-seeded, black. “ Hierba del buey” (Tamaulipas) ; “ tripa de zopilote” (Sinaloa) ; “ bejuco loco” (Tabasco, Rovi- rosa); “tabkanil” (Yucatan, Maya); “vid silvestre” (Hidalgo, Veracruz) ; “tripas de Judas” (Valley of Mexico, Morelos, Hidalgo, Oaxaca); “ tumba- yaqueros” (Valley of Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos); “molonqui” (Valley of Mexico, Ramirez); “temecatl” (Nahuatl) ; “tripa de vaca” (Guanajuato) ; “jas,” ‘“bejuco iasi” (Costa Rica) ; “bejuco comemano” (Guatemala, Hon- duras) ; “ bejuco castro,” ‘“ bejuco chirriador ” (Colombia) ; “uvilla” (Nica- ragua); “ubi” (Cuba); “ caro,” “bejuco de caro” (Porto Rico, Santo Domingo). The species is a variable one, especially in leaf form and pubescence, and many segregates and varieties have been proposed. The inflorescence is often attacked by a smut, Mycosyrine cissi, and it is then greatly enlarged and modi- fied. This diseased form was made the type of a new genus, Spondylantha, by Presi. The tough stems are sometimes used as a substitute for cordage, and in Costa Rica for making baskets. When cut they yield a plentiful supply of watery sap. The leaves, when macerated in water, give a lather like that pro- duced by soap, and they are employed for washing clothes. They have a slightly acid flavor. Sometimes they are applied to sores or inflammations, and in Mexico a decoction of the stems is used as a remedy for rheumatism. The fruit is said to yield a blue dye. Some of the Mexican specimens have been determined incorrectly as Ampe- lopsis cordata Michx. It is this species, apparently, which is figured by Hernindez* as “Tlacama- zatcazqui y papan.” It is perhaps also the plant figured * and briefly described as “ yztac cacalic, seu Herba glutinosa, & candenti.” The decoction of the root of the latter, he states, was administered for diarrhea and as a diuretic, and used in baths to relieve pain of various sorts. 1Thesaurus 414. 1651. 7 Thesaurus 283. 1651. 732 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Cissus tuberosa DC. Prodr. 1: 629. 1824. Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla, Stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves 4 to 9 cm. long, the divisions narrow or broad, coarsely dentate or deeply lobate, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; pedi- cels glabrous; fruit subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. “ Coral de Colima,” “ bejuco de coral”’ (Oaxaca). 6. Cissus trifoliata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 897. 1759. Sicyos trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1013. 1753. Cissus acida L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 170. 1762. Baja California to Colima, Coahuila, Yucatin, and Oaxaca. Widely dis- tributed in tropical America. Plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves mostly trifoliolate, the leaflets 2 to 9 cm. long, usually broadly cuneate, coarsely dentate or lobate; cymes equaling or longer than the leaves; fruit purple or nearly black, 5 to 8 mm. long. “Bolontobi” (Yucatin); “hierba del buey” (Chihuahua, Sonora, Ramirez) ; “uvilla” (Nicaragua), This has been reported from Yucatén as Vitis arborea L. Some of the Mex- ican specimens have been referred to C. incisa (Nutt.) Des Moul., a form which is doubtfully distinct from ©. trifoliata. In Yucat&in the mucilaginous leaves are applied as poultices for sores and cutaneous diseases. The leaves have an acid flavor and Barham states that in Jamaica they were eaten as a sauce with other food. Havard states that the large tubers borne upon the roots are very poisonous, causing violent vomiting and purging, and he reports that the leaves sometimes produce an eruption upon the skin, like that caused by poison ivy (Rhus radicans). 7. Cissus microcarpa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 16. 1796. Veracruz and Chiapas. West Indies and northern South America. Glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets obliquely ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, obtuse to acuminate, irregularly appressed-serrate ; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. 8. Cissus cucurbitina Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos (Rose & Rose 11047; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 453834). Petioles 6.5 to 9.5 cm. long; leaves simple or trifoliolate: simple leaves rounded-cordate, 14 to 16 cm. long, shallowly 3-lobate, deeply cordate at base, rounded at apex, remotely appressed-serrate, glabrous or nearly so; leaflets of trifoliolate leaves rhombic, appressed-serrate; cymes short-pedunculate, densely many-flowered, about 7 cm. broad, covered with sparse appressed whitish hairs; calyx 2 to 2.5 mm. long; corolla 3 mm. long. The material available is incomplete, but the very large flowers indicate that the plant is specifically distinct. 9. Cissus salutaris H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 5: 225, 1821. Oaxaca and Veracruz. Colombia and Venezuela; type from Venezuela. Stems sparsely hispidulous; leaflets 3, obovate or elliptic-obovate, 4.5 to 9 em. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, with conspicuous reticulate venation, hairy on both surfaces or finally glabrate; flowers umbellate-cymose, the pedi- cels hairy. 10. Cissus rhombifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 11. 1796. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Leaflets 3, ovate, rhombic, or broadly elliptic, 4 to 10 em. long, all petiolu- late, sharply serrate, hirtellous on one or both surfaces; flowers in cymose STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 733 umbels, the pedicels hairy; petals often hirtellous; fruit black. ‘Palo huaco (hueco ?)” (San Luis Potosf, Palmer). Palmer reports that in San Luis Potosf an infusion of the stems in “ aguar- diente” is used as a remedy for stomach troubles. The species has been re- ported from Yucatan, where it is said to bear the Maya name “ xtab-canil.” DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Cissus MEXICANA DC. Prodr. 1: 631. 1824. Described from Mexico; said to haev 5 leaflets, and perhaps a synonym of Parthenocissus quinquefolia. 4. AMPELOCISSUS Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 868. 1887. 1. Ampelocissus acapulcensis (H. B. K.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 403. 1887. Vitis acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7%: 230. 1825. ? Ampelocissus erdwendbergit Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 404, 1887. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. El Sal- vador. Large vine; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 16 cm. long, acute, erose-dentate, angulate or often shallowly 3-lobate, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath, at least when young; flowers dioecious, the staminate in very dense cymes about 8 cm. broad, the branches densely tomentose ; petals red, glabrous; fruit wine- colored, with a bloom, 12 to 25 mm. in diameter. “ Uva” (Guerrero). In general appearance the plant is similar to some species of Vitis, but the large fruits and inflorescences are unlike those of any native Mexican Vitis. No information is available concerning the quality of the fruit; but its large size indicates that the plant might be a valuable one in cultivation. 5, AMPELOPSIS Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 159. 1803. Large vines with coiling tendrils; leaves simple or compound; flowers polygamo-dioecious or polygamo-monoecious ; petals 5; fruit 2 to 4-seeded, not edible. Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Rusby has been reported from Yucatan, but the report is based upon specimens of Cissus trifoliata L. Leaves simple ____------------------------------------------ 1. A. cordata. Leaves trifoliolate __------------------------ oe eee 2. A. mexicana. 1. Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer, 1: 159. 1803. Veracruz. Southern and central United States. Glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves broadly ovate, deltoid-ovate, or cordate-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate; cymes small and loose; fruit 2-seeded, bluish, 4 to 6 mm, in diameter. 2. Ampelopsis mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1905. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acaponeta, Tepic. Stems glabrous, glaucescent; leaflets ovate to elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, pale beneath, pilosulous when young but soon glabrate; cymes long-pedunculate, loose and open ; seeds 2 or 8. This was described originally as having twice or thrice ternate leaves, an error arising from the fact that a branch was mistaken for the rachis of a leaf. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. AMPELOPSIS ?DENUDATA Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 619. 1887. Type from Xochicalco, Mexico. 734 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 93. ELAEOCARPACEAE. Elaeocarpus Family. Trees; leaves alternate or subopposite, simple; flowers perfect, 4 or 5-parted ; sepals valvate; petals present or absent; stamens numerous; fruit baccate or capsular, Fruit baccate; petals present... 1. MUNTINGIA. Fruit capsular; petals none____-------- 2. SLOANEA. 1, MUNTINGIA L. Sp. Pl. 509. 1753. 1. Muntingia calabura L. Sp. Pl. 509. 1753. Guerrero to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America; type from Jamaica. Small tree, 6 to 10 meters high; leaves alternate, lance-oblong, 6 to 14 em. long, acuminate, oblique at base, 3-nerved, dentate, glabrate above, tomentose beneath; flowers white, perfect, the long pedicels solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils; sepals 5; petals 5, about 1 em. long; stamens numerous, free; fruit baccate, globose, about 1 em. in diameter, glabrous, many-celled. “ Capu- lin” (Tabasco, Yucatin, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “ capolin” (Yucatin) ; “ jonote” (Oaxaca); “ ber- silana” (Chiapas) ; “ puan” (Veracruz, Palmer) ; “ palman” (Puebla, Rami- rez); “capulf” (Cuba, El Salvador); “capulina,” “ memizo,” “ guécima cerezo” (Cuba); “ chitot6,” “ manguito,” “acuruc6,” “ chirriador,” ‘“ maja- giiito”” (Colombia) ; “ mahaujo ” (Colombia, Venezuela) ; “ datiles,” “ratiles ” (Philippines, the latter a Tagalog corruption) ; “cedrillo,” “ majagua ” (Venezuela) ; “memiso” (Santo Domingo). The tree has become naturalized in Siam and the Philippines. The bark contains a tough fiber which is used in tropical America for making rope and twine. The fruit is edible; it is yellow or red and very sweet. Descourtilz ascribes antispasmodic properties to the flowers. 2. SLOANEA L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753. 1. Sloanea mexicana Standl., sp. noy. . Type from La Siberia, Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 1,000 meters (Langlassé 980; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386311). Tree, 15 to 20 meters high, with yellow flowers; branchlets densely tomentu- lose; petiole 9 cm. long, tomentulose; leaf blades (only one seen) elliptic, 35 cm. long, 17.5 cm. wide, subcordate at base, subacute at apex, thin, sinuate toward the apex, glabrous except on the veins, there puberulent, the venation prominent beneath; flowers in axillary racemes, these about 7-flowered, tomentulose, the stout pedicels 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long; sepals 5 to 8, oblong, or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, tomentulose, 5 to 7 mm. long; stamens very numerous, longer than the calyx, puberulent; anthers linear-lanceolate, less than half as long as the filaments; ovary 4-celled, densely pilose. Several species of Sloanea have been reported from Central America, but none of them agree with the Mexican specimens. 94. TILIACEAE. Linden Family. Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, simple, sometimes lobate, stipulate, com- monly deciduous; pubescence mostly of branched hairs; flowers usually per- fect; sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, free or coherent, commonly valvate; petals as many as the sepals, or wanting; stamens usually numerous; fruit 2 to 10-celled, or by abortion 1-celled, dry or drupaceous, dehiscent or indehiscent. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 735 Peduncle adnate to a bract; fruit nutlike-------------------------- 1. TILIA. Peduncle not adnate to a bract; fruit not nutlike. Fruit unarmed. Fruit silique-like, long and slender ; flowers small_______- 2. CORCHORUS. Fruit a thick broad capsule; flowers large. Capsule thin, compressed, bivalvate__-------------------- 3. BELOTIA. Capsule hard and woody, 5-angled, 5-valvate_------------- 4. LUEHEA. Fruit armed with spines or bristles. Anthers linear; fruit depressed_-~------------------------- 5. APEIBA. Anthers short; fruit not depressed. Fruit compressed, bivalvate, radiately bristly along the edges. 6. HELIOCARPUS. Fruit not compressed, usually indehiscent, covered on all sides with spines_____----------------------------------- 7 TRIUMFETTA. 1, TILIA L. Sp. Pl. 514. 17538. Trees, the pubescence of simple or stellate hairs; leaves usually obliquely cordate, serrate; flowers white or yellowish, in axillary or terminal cymes, the peduncle winged with a large, foliaceous, partly adnate bract; sepals distinct; fruit globose, nutlike, indehiscent, 1 or 2-seeded. The English names applied to species of Tilia are “linden” and “ basswood.” The trees are excellent shade trees and are often planted for this purpose. They are well adapted to street planting. The wood is light brown, soft, and light, with a specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.45. It is employed extensively for construction purposes, furniture, carriages, woodenware, and paper pulp. The tough fiber of the bark is sometimes utilized for cordage and rough mats. The sap is said to contain considerable sugar. The sweet-scented flowers yield an excellent quality of honey. The bark and leaves in water give a mucilagi- nous infusion. The flowers of T. europaea L. are official in the German Pharma- copoeia. They contain a colorless fragrant volatile oil, and are employed as a remedy for hysteria and indigestion. Leaves glabrous beneath except sometimes in the axils of the veins. Leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the veins------------- 1. T. floridana. Leaves entirely glabrous beneath_- _oue eee == 2. T. mexicana, Leaves finely or coarsely stellate-tomentose beneath. Tomentum of the lower leaf surface loose and spreading, especially along the veins, brownish_------~------------------------ 3. T. occidentalis. Tomentum fine, close, and grayish_--------------------------- 4, T, houghi. 1. Tilia floridana Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 761, 1335. 1903. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén. Southeastern United States; type from Florida. Leaves 7 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, serrate with ab- ruptly mucronate teeth, the lower surface at first with a few scattered stellate hairs but soon glabrous; bracts long-pedunculate ; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit about 8 mm. long, densely tomentulose. The Mexican specimens have been determined by Dr. C. 8S. Sargent. One specimen from Nuevo Leén (Pringle 10188) was distributed as a new species. 2. Tilia mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 377. 1837. Known only from the type locality, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Leaves very oblique at base, not cordate, 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or smaller, short-acuminate, with very acute gland-tipped teeth. 736 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The writer has seen no material agreeing with the original description, in which the lack of pubescence upon the leaves is emphasized. Most Mexican specimens of Tilia have been referred previously to this species. 3. Tilia occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 317. 1905. Michoacin and Guerrero; type from mountains near Patzeuaro, Michoacfin. Leaves 7 to 15 cm. long (on young shoots as much as 23 cm.), 5.5 to 11 em, wide, abruptly short-acuminate, obliquely truncate to cordate at base, gla- brous above, loosely tomentose beneath or in age glabrate; bracts sessile or short-pedunculate; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. long. “ Sirimo,” “tirimo” (Michoacfin), 4. Tilia houghi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 318. 1905. Michoacin to Oaxaca, Hidalgo, and Veracruz; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Leaves 6 to 16 cm. long, 4.5 to 12 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, ob- liquely truncate to cordate at base, bright green and glabrate above, densely and persistently tomentulose beneath; bracts sessile or pedunculate; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter, densely tomentulose. “Tilo” (Valley of Mexico); “sirimo” or “ cirimo” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca); “yaca” (Oaxaca). A Tilia has been reported from Jalisco by Oliva, and is probably of this species. The plant is employed in Mexico as a substitute for the European 7. europaea. 1. B. bivalvis. Carpels not beaked___---------------------------- 99-7000 2. B. viscosa. 1. Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 255. 1821. Sida bivalvis Cav. Monad. Diss. 13. pl. 11, f. 3. 1785. Bastardia berlandierit A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 295. 1887. Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Greater Antilles and South America. Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the branches tomentose and viscid- pilose ; leaves ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, crenulate, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; petals about 8 mm. long; fruit 5-lobate, 8 mm. broad. 2. Bastardia viscosa (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 256. 1821. Sida viscosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1145. 1759. Tamaulipas and Veracruz ; reported from Guerrero. West Indies and South America. Shrub or herb, 0.5 to 1 meter high, the branches viscid-pubescent ; leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, sinuate-dentate, paler beneath and stellate-tomentulose ; petals 6 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. wide. 8. GAYA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 266. 1821. Shrubs or herbs; leaves toothed; flowers yellowish or purplish, chiefly soli- tary in the axils, sometimes racemose; carpels 8 or more, membranaceous, bivalvate, 1-seeded. Carpels 25 to 30, 10 to 12 mm. long_..---~------------------ 1. G. occidentalis. Carpels 8 to 14, 6 mm. long or less. Stems long-pilose_---------------------------------------7- 2. G. violacea. Stems puberulent or short-pilose. Petals 5 to 6 mm. long_------ ------------------------ 3. G. minutiflora. Petals 10 to 12 mm. long__-~---------------------------- 4. G. calyptrata. 760 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Gaya occidentalis (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 208. 1821. Sida occidentalis L. Amoen, Acad. 4: 325. 1759. Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Cuba and Hispaniola. Plants suffrutescent, about a meter high; leaves oblong to ovate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, densely stellate-tomentose; petals yellow, 1.5 to 2 em. long. 2. Gaya violacea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 286. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, long-acuminate, coarsely crenate, green above, pale beneath and minutely stellate-pubescent ; petals 8 mm. long; carpels 8 or 9. 3. Gaya minutiflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 305. 1895. Colima to Oaxaca and Morelos; type from Colima. Slender shrub or herb; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate, finely or coarsely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-pubescent ; carpels 9 or 10, 4, Gaya calyptrata (Cav.) H. B. K. Nov, Gen. & Sp. 5: 208. 1821. Sida calyptrata Cav. Monad. Diss. 57. 1780. Sida disticha Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 12. pl. 57, 1799, Gaya hermannioides H.B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 209. pi. 475, 1821, Sida gaya DC. Prodr. 1: 466. 1824. Gaya disticha Pres], Rel Haenk 2: 113, 1836, Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. Central America and South America. Slender shrub or herb; leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 2 to 4 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, finely or coarsely serrate, sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent ; carpels 10 to 14. 9. ROBINSONELLA Rose & Baker, Gard. & For, 10: 244, 1897. Shrubs or trees; leaves petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobate; flowers chiefly axillary, usually fasciculate, large and showy, ebracteolate ; carpels membrana- ceous, inflated at maturity, Leaves deeply 3 or 5-lobate__.----- 1. R. lindeniana. Leaves obscurely or not at all lobate. Leaves covered beneath with a minute appressed pale silvery tomentum. 2. R. discolor. Leaves loosely stellate-pubescent beneath, pilose along the nerves. 3. R. cordata. 1. Robinsonella lindeniana (Turez.) Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 245. 1897. Sida lindeniana Turcz. Bull. Soc, Nat. Moscou 31!: 200. 1838. Sida ghisbreghtiana Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 200. 1888. Abutilon ambiguum Turez, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 205. 18388. Veracruz; type from Mirador, Shrub, 2.5 to 3 meters high or larger; leaves 7 to 25 em. wide, the lobes acute or acuminate, entire or dentate, green above, coarsely stellate-tomentose beneath; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long; carpels 7 to 8 mm. long, not beaked, stellate-pubescent. 2. Robinsonella discolor Rose & Baker, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 181. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Las Palmas, San Luis Potos{f, altitude 90 to 120 meters. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 761 Slender tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves broadly cordate to orbicular-cordate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, green above; petals white, 8 mm, long; carpels about 12, 8 to 10 mm. long. 3. Robinsonella cordata Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 244. f. 32. 1897. Durango to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tamazulapan, Oaxaca. Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 13 cm. long, long- acuminate, crenate-dentate, glabrate above; petals white or purplish, 1.5 to 2.5 em, long. “Guicima” (Durango). 10. SIDA L. Sp. Pl. 683. 1753. Herbs or shrubs, with stellate-pubescence ; leaves entire or toothed; flowers sessile or pedicellate, axillary, racemose, or paniculate, the pedicels often jointed ; bractlets none, carpels 5 or more, 1-seeded, bivalvate or indehiscent. Few of the species listed below are true shrubs, but it has appeared more sat- isfactory to list all of them here as a matter of record and convenience. Flowers adnate to the petioles of leaflike bracts; petioles hirsute ; flowers congested at the ends of the branches; carpels muricate. Plants decumbent; leaves oblong to oval; petals 7 to 10 mm. long. 1. S. ciliaris. Plants erect ; leaves linear or oblong-linear ; petals 12 to 15 mm, long. 2. S. anomala. Flowers never adnate to the petioles of leaflike bracts; petioles usually not hirsute; flowers variously arranged; carpels not muricate. Calyx terete. Leaves entire, linear__----------------------------------- 3. S. linifolia. Leaves serrate or dentate. Leaves cuneate at base, narrowly lanceolate. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; inflorescence naked or nearly §0_____----------------------- 9-9 4, S. lodiegensis. Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence densely leafy__-----------------------~--------7-77 5. S. stricta. Leaves all or mostly cordate at base, oblong to rounded-cordate. Pedicels less than twice as long as the calyx in anthesis. 6. S. pyramidata. Pedicels mostly more than three times as long as the calyx in anthesis. Flowers in open panicles. Leaves densely stellate-pilosulous, crenate_----- 7. S. paniculata. Leaves green, sparsely and very minutely stellate-pubescent, lacini- ate-serrate_____------------------------ ___ 8. S. tehuacana, Flowers solitary in the leaf axils. Leaves pilose on the upper surface with mostly simple hairs; upper leaves nearly sessile__-------------------~----- 9. S. filipes. Leaves minutely stellate-tomentose on the upper surface; upper leaves slender-petiolate_------------------- 10. S. palmeri. Calyx conspicuously angulate. Carpels 7 to 12. Leaves, all or most of them, deeply cordate at base, ovate-cordate, Stems and calyx pilose with long, slender hairs__------ 11. S. setifera. Stems and calyx finely stellate-tomentose__-~-------- 12. S. cordifolia. 762 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves cuneate to rounded at base, rarely shallowly cordate, never velutinous. Carpels each with 2 long retrorsely barbed awns___13. 8. salviaefolia, Carpels not awned, or the awns short and not barbed. Leaves linear or linear-oblong. Carpels rounded at apex; leaves pubescent on the upper surface. 14, S. neomexicana. Carpels acute or short-awned; leaves usually glabrous on the upper surface______-__-_--___ 15. S. lindheimeri. Leaves broader than linear-oblong, often ovate. Pedicels jointed below the middle; leaves distichous__16. 8. acuta, Pedicels jointed above the middle, or sometimes not jointed ; leaves not distichous. Flowers chiefly racemose, the subtending leaves bractlike. 17. S. xanti. Flowers axillary. Pedicels much longer than the subtending leaves. 18. S. potosina. Pedicels all or mostly shorter than the leaves. Stems and calyx sparsely hirsute; leaves shallowly cordate at base____--------- 19. S. tragiaefolia. Stems and calyx not hirsute; leaves cuneate or rounded at base. Calyx lobes acute and mucronate; stipules not ciliate. 20. S. rhombifolia. Calyx lobes cuspidate-acuminate; stipules long-ciliate. 21. S. corymbosa. Carpels 5 or sometimes 6. Flowers densely glomerate in the leaf axils or on the branches of a panicle. Leaves hirsute beneath____-___..------ 22. S. urens. Leaves stellate-velutinous beneath_____________ | 23. S. aggregata. Flowers solitary in the axils or loosely paniculate, never in dense glome- rules. Leaves rounded or obtuse at base, rarely subcordate, oblong or linear- oblong _~------__--_ 24. S. angustifolia. Leaves cordate at base, usually deeply so, broader than oblong. Leaves mostly rounded or obtuse at apex, rarely acute, usually 2 cm. long or less__-_-_-_--__---e- 25. S. procumbens, Leaves acuminate or long-acuminate, usually much more than 2 cm. long. Leaves very asymmetric at base___....__ 26. S. decumbens. Leaves symmetric at base. Stems viscid-pilose above___-__... 27. S. glutinosa. Stems usually without viscid pubescence__._____ 28. S. glabra. 1. Sida ciliaris L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1145. 1759. Sida muricata Cay. Icon, Pl. 6: 78. pl. 597, f. 1. 1801. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yueat&n. Texas, West Indies, Central America, and South America. Plants chiefly herbaceous and spreading, the branches stellate-strigose ; leaves mostly 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse, rounded at base, serrate, glabrous above, stellate- pubescent beneath; bracts subulate, long-ciliate; petals copper-colored ; carpels about 7. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 763 2. Sida anomala St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 177. pl. 33. 1825. Tepic and probably elsewhere. Central America and South America. Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, strigose; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obscurely serrate, obtuse or acute, glabrous above; petals purplish. 8. Sida linifolia Juss.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 14. pl. 2, f. 1. 1785. Sida longifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 212. 1905. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Guerrero and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, South America, and tropical Africa. Plants chiefly herbaceous, arect, the stems sparsely pilose; leaves short- petiolate, 3 to 9 cm. long, acute, sparsely hirsute or glabrate ; flowers pedicellate, in small corymbs or short racemes at the ends of the branches; petals white or yellowish, 7 to 10 mm. long; carpels about 7, not beaked. 4, Sida lodiegensis Baker f. Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 3: 311. 1895. Sinaloa; type from Lodiego. Plants tall and much branched, the stems minutely stellate-pubescent ; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 11 cm. long, alternate, obscurely serrate, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers subracemose; petals about 4 mm. long; carpels 5. 5. Sida stricta Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Mazatlin, Sinaloa (Rose, Standley & Russell 14110; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 636966). Stems fruticose below, about 1 meter high, densely stellate-pubescent with fulvous hairs; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute, thick, serrate, 3- nerved, very densely stellate-tomentose; flowers axillary, the pedicels 1 cm. long or less; calyx lobes acute, densely stellate-pubescent ; petals 4 mm. long, bright yellow; carpels 5, not beaked. 6. Sida pyramidata Desport.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 11. pl. 1, f. 10. 1785. Sida dumosa Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 101. 1788. Sida hilariana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 107. 1836. Sida cinerea Baker f. Contr, U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 311. 1895. Tepic to Guerrero, Puebla, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and Colombia; type from Santo Domingo. Slender shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches very minutely stellate- pubescent; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-cordate, 4 to 15 cm. long, abruptly acute or acuminate, crenate or dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; calyx loosely stellate-pubescent and usually pilose; petals yellow, 7 to 8 mm, long; carpels about 7, not beaked. %. Sida paniculata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1145. 1759. Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Slender erect shrub or herb, the branches densely stellate-pubescent with coarse fulvous bairs; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4.5 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, densely pubescent; flowers in loose glabrate panicles, the pedicels filiform; petals red, 3 to 4 mm. long; carpels 5, not beaked. 8. Sida tehuacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 274. 1912, Known only from the type locality, Tehuacin, Puebla. Stems purplish, glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, Ovate or deltoid-lanceolate, 8 to 4 em. long, acuminate, glabrate; inflorescence loosely paniculate, glabrate, the pedicels filiform; petals purple, 8 mm. long; carpels 7, not beaked. 764 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. Sida filipes A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 164. 1850. Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Texas; type collected near Austin. Low slender shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves short- petiolate, linear-oblong to lance-oblong, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, cordate at base, crenate; pedicels filform, about as long as the leaves; petals purple, 4 to 5 mm. long; carpels about 8, not beaked. 10. Sida palmeri Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 30: 295. 1892. Sphaeralcea fruticosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 275. 1912. San Luis Potostf ; type collected between San Luis Potosf and Tampico, Slender shrub, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 1 to 3.5 ecm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, finely crenate; pedicels very long and slender; petals purple, 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels about 10, not beaked. 11. Sida setifera Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 105. 1836. Sonora to Tepic; type from western Mexico. Slender shrub, the stems minutely stellate-tomentulose and long-pilose ; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute or obtuse, crenate or dentate, densely stellate-velutinous; flowers short-pedicellate, glomerate; calyx long-pilose ; petals yellow, 7 to 8 mm. long; carpels not beaked. 12. Sida cordifolia L. Sp. Pl. 684. 1753. Sonora to Guerrero, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. West Indies, Central Amer- ica, South America, and tropical Asia and Africa. Shrub or herb, the branches stellate-tomentose; leaves long-petiolate, broadly cordate or rounded-cordate, 1.5 to 10 em. long, acute or obtuse, crenate, often angulate, densely stellate-tomentose, at least beneath; flowers mostly glomerate ; petals salmon-pink, 6 to 8 mm. long; carpels not beaked. In India the roots are reputed to have astringent and tonic properties, and are employed for fevers and nervous and urinary affections. In some parts of Africa they are used as a remedy for rheumatism, because of their sup- posed diuretic properties. The leaves are employed in India for ophthalmia and the juice of the root for ulcers, and aphrodisiac properties are ascribed to the plant. 13. Sida salviaefolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 110. 1836. Sida erecta Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 80. 1837. Sida holwayi Baker & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 176. 1899, Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos. Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Colombia. Plants chiefly herbaceous, erect, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent ; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse, finely stellate-pubescent beneath, crenate-serrate; flowers subracemose; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long. 14, Sida neomexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 22: 296. 1887. Chihuahua to Durango, Jilisco, and San Luis Potosf. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico. Stem unusually herbaceous and 30 ecm. high or less, minutely stellate- pubescent; leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, finely stellate pubescent but green; flowers pedicellate, borne chiefly at the ends of the branches; petals orange, turning purplish, about 1 cm, long, 15. Sida lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ, Nat. Hist. 5: 213. 1845. Coahuila to Veracruz and Chiapas. Louisiana and Texas; type from Texas. Stems chiefly herbaceous, minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, minutely stellate- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 765 pubescent beneath; flowers long-pedicellate, borne chiefly in the upper axils; petals yellow, 12 to 14 mm. long. It is this species, probably, which has been reported from Mexico as 8. elliottii Torr. & Gray. 16. Sida acuta Burm. FI. Ind. 147. 1768. Sida carpinifolia L. f. Suppl. Pl. 307. 1781. Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Herb or shrub, sometimes 3 meters high, the stem minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leeaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 2 to 10 cm, long, acute, serrate, green and usually glabrate; stipules linear, green, persistent ; flowers axillary, short-pedicellate; petals yellow or nearly white, 8 to 12 mm. long; carpels short-awned or merely acute. “ Malva colorada” (Sinaloa) ; “malva del platanillo” (Veracruz); “ chichibé” (Yucatan, Maya); “ escoba blanca” (Porto Rico); “escoba,” ‘“ escobo,” “ escoba babosa,” ‘“ escobilla ” (Colombia) ; ‘“ malva de caballo” (Cuba) ; “ escobita dulce’? (Santa Domingo). The branches of this and other species of Sida are often used in Mexico for making rough brooms. In Yucatén the bark fiber is used for the manufacture of twine and hammocks. The plant is said to furnish good forage for horses and sheep. The leaves and young shoots rubbed in water give a lather which may be used for shaving, especially in the case of a tender and irritable skin. In India the roots are esteemed for their stomachic properties, and they are employed as a remedy for ague, dysentery, intermittent fevers, and snake bites. 17. Sida xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 22: 296. 1887. Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Plants erect, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the branches stellate-pubescent and viscid or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, dentate, green, sparsely stellate-pubescent be- neath; petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long. 18. Sida potosina T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosf. Stems suffrutescent, 30 to 40 cm. long, stellate-pubescent ; leaves short- petiolate, ovate-elliptic, 2 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate- dentate, stellate-pubescent ; pedicels 5 to 9 cm. long; petals yellow, 7 mm. long; carpels not awned. 19. Sida tragiaefolia A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 164. 1850. Coahuila to Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, coarsely dentate, stellate-pilose beneath; flowers long- pedicellate; petals orange-yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels mucronate. 20. Sida rhombifolia L. Sp. Pl. 684. 1753. Nearly throughout Mexico, at least at low altitude. Widely distributed in tropical or subtropical regions. Plants herbaceous or shrubby, often 2 meters high, the stems minutely stellate- pubescent, leaves short-petiolate, oblong or lanceolate to rhombic-ovate or obo- vate, 2 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, usually minutely and densely stellate-tomentulose beneath; petals pale yellow, about 6 mm. long; carpels very shortly awned or merely acute. “ Huinari,” “ huinar,” “ huinare” (Micho- acin, Jalisco); “axocatzin” (Ramirez); “ escoba amarilla” (Nicaragua) ; “ escobilla” (Costa Rica); “ malva de cochino ” (Cuba) ; “tebincha” (Argen- tina) ; “limpién” (Peru) ; “ malva” (Santo Domingo). 766 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The leaves are used in some parts of Mexico as a substitute for Chinese tea. The strong fiber of the bark is utilized for various purposes. The plants are much eaten by cattle, and they are very common weeds about houses and in fields. Maiden reports that in Australia fowls are sometimes killed by eating the ripe carpels, the sharp points irritating the digestive canal and causing inflammation. In Costa Rica a decoction of the roots is used as a remedy for infantile diarrhea. 21. Sida corymbosa R. E. Fries, Bull. Herb. Boiss IL. 7: 998. 1907, Tepie to Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba, Veracruz. Plants suffrutescent, the stems stellate-hirsutulous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate, pilose above, coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers long-pedicellate; calyx 1 em. long ; petals about 8 mm. long. This species was reported from Mexico by Hemsley as 8. glomerata Cav. 22. Sida urens L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1145. 1759. Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, South America, and tropical Africa. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, hispid; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate or lance-ovate, 2 to 12 em. long, acuminate, dentate or serrate, green; calyx hispid; petals purplish, little exceeding the calyx; carpels nct beaked. 23. Sida aggregata Presl, Rel. Haenk, 2: 106. 1830. Guerrero, Panama; reported from Jamaica and Venezuela. Slender shrub, the branches minutely tomentulose; leaves broadly cordate, 4 to 10 em. long, acute, crenate; calyx densely long-pilose; petals 4 mm, long ; carpels not beaked. 24. Sida angustifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 4, 1783. Sida linearis Cav. Icon, Pl. 4: 6. pl. 314, f. 1. 1797. Sida hyssopifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 109. 1836. Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca, Texas and Arizona, Central America, South America, and the tropics of the Old World. Plants herbaceous or frutescent, the stems and leaves minutely stellate- tomentulose; leaves on long or short petioles, acute or obtuse, crenate or ser- rate; flowers short-pedicellate; petals pale yellow, 4 to 6 mm. long; carpels 2-awned. This has often been reported from Mexico as S. spinosa L. 25. Sida procumbens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 101. 1788. Sida pilosa Cav. Monad. Diss. 1: 9. pl. 1, f. 8. 1785. Not 8. pilosa Mill. 1768. Sida supina L’Hér. Stirp. Nov. 5: 109 bis. pl. 52 bis. 1789. Sida diffusa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 257, 1821. Sida filiformis Moric, Pl. Amer. Rar. 10. pl. 8, 1830. Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Yucatin, and Oaxaca. Texas to Arizona, and in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Stems chiefly herbaceous and decumbent, stellate-pubescent and usually pilose; leaves ovate-oblong to rounded-ovate, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate; flowers on filiform pedicels ; petals yellow, 6 to 8 mm, long; carpels apiculate or short-beakei. 26. Sida decumbens St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 51. 1842 Guerrero. Guatemala and South America; type from Brazil. Stems chiefly herbaceous and decumbent, long-pilose ; leaves long-petiolate, obliquely ovate-cordate, 2 to 7.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, thin, green, sparsely hirsute; petals 6 mm. long; carpels not beaked. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 767 27. Sida glutinosa Commers.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 16. pl. 2, f. 5. 1785 Sida endlicheriana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 111. 1836. Sonora and Durango to Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, South America, and tropical Asia and Africa. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, viscid-pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate or serrate, thin, green; flowers long- pedicellate; petals yellow or white, 3 to 5 mm. long; carpels not beaked. 28. Sida glabra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Sida no. 14. 1768. Sida ulmifolia Cav. Monad, Diss. 1: 15. pl. 2, f. 4. 1785. Sida arguta Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 101. 1788. Sida alamosana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 133. 1891. Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and Venezuela. Stems chiefly herbaceous, sometimes 2 meters high, usually long-pilose; leaves lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate-cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, crenate or serrate, thin, green; flowers long-pedicellate; petals little exceed- ing the calyx; carpels not beaked. ‘“ Escobita dulce” (Porto Rico). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SIDA BRACHYSTEMON DC. Prodr. 1: 459, 1824. Type from Mexico. Sipa caRNEA DC. Prodr. 1: 473. 1824. Type from Mexico. Sipa cOLLINA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 364. 1837. Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Sipa cosTATA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 365. 1837. Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. SIDA VENUSTA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 365. 1837. Type from Tlalpujahua. 11. SPHAERALCEA St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 209. 1825. Shrubs or small trees, with stellate pubescence; leaves long-petiolate, shal- lowly or deeply lobate; flowers large, purplish red, axillary, on long-peduncles ; bractlets 3; fruit of numerous carpels, these 2 or 83-seeded, not awned. Several herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico, and some of the species not listed here may become suffrutescent at times, but they are essen- tially herbaceous. Bractlets united below the middle, ovate; flowers 5.5 to 6.5 cm. long. 1. S. rosea. Bractlets spatulate, distinct; flowers 4 cm. long or shorter. Bractlets equaling the calyx, gradually narrowed below_---- 2. S. crenulata. Bractlets shorter than the calyx, abruptly narrowed below into a narrow claw_____------------------------------------------- 3. S. umbellata. 1. Sphaeralcea rosea (DC.) Standl. Malva rosea DC. Prodr. 1: 485, 1824. Meliphlea vitifolia Zucc. Abh, Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 359. pl. 9. 1832-36. Malvastrum rogeum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 100. 1879. Sphaeralcea vitifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 114. 1879. Michoacin to Chiapas. Guatemala. Leaves 5 to 18 cm. long, shallowly or deeply lobate, deeply cordate at base, coarsely stellate-tomentose, the lobes acute or acuminate, irregularly crenate- dentate; calyx densely stellate-tomentose, 3 to 4 cm. long; ecarpels numerous, thin, 2 em. long. 768 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Sphaeralcea crenulata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 384. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, near San Luis Tultit- lanapa, Puebla. Leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, angulate or shallowly lobate, finely stellate-pubes- cent, the lobes obtuse, irregularly crenate and dentate; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long; petals 3 cm. long or less. 3. Sphaeralcea umbellata (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 1: 465. 1831. Malwa umbellata Cav. Icon, Pl. 1: 64. pl. 95, 1791. Sphaeralcca galeottii Turez. Bull. Soc, Nat. Moscou 317: 186, 1858. San Luis Potosf to Puebla. Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 6 to 22 cm. long, cordate at base, coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath, shallowly lobate, the lobes acute or acutish, sinuate-dentate; calyx about 2 cm. long; carpels 1.5 cm. long, stellate-hirsute. 12. LAVATERA L. Sp. Pl. 690. 1753. Shrubs with stellate pubescence; leaves angulate or lobate; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, solitary or fasciculate; bractlets coalescent, forming a 3 to 6-lobate involucre ; carpels numerous, 1-seeded, verticillate about a prominent axis, An interesting general account of the American species has been published by E. L. Greene.*. The roots of Z. plebeia Sims, which somewhat resemble parsnips, are used as food by the natives of Australia. The fiber of the same species was utilized by. the aborigines for the manufacture of baskets and fishing lines, and the stems have been tested successfully for paper making. Leaves glabrous or essentially so__._... == 1. L. venosa. Leaves finely stellate-pubescent. Axis of the fruit not equaling the carpels______________ 2. L. assurgentiflora. Axis of the fruit conic, much exceeding the carpels. Bractlets more than half as long as the calyx, conspicuously united at base___-- 3. L. occidentalis, Bractlets less than half as long as the calyx, nearly distinct. 4. L. insularis, 1. Lavatera venosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 249, 1877. Known only from San Benito Island, Baja California. Shrub, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves 7 to 15 em. long. green, usually 7-lobed, the lobes obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals 4 cm. long, white below, violet above; carpels 4 mm. long. 2. Lavatera assurgentiflora Kellogg, Proc. Calif, Acad. 1:14. 1854. Northern Baja California. California; type from Anacapa Island. Shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate, 5 to 13 em. long, finely stellate-pubescent, deeply cordate at base, usually 5-lobate, the lobes irregularly dentate or lobate; peduncles long and slender; bractlets less than half as long as the calyx ; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, deep pink, veined with red. A handsome plant, often cultivated in Mexico (specimens have been seen from the City of Mexico, Puebla, and Veracruz). 3. Lavatera occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 124, 1876. Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Shrub, about a meter high; leaves 7 to 12 em. long, 7-lobate, the lobes acute or obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals 5 em. long, whitish, striped with violet; earpels 6 to 10. *Gard. & For. 3: 378-379, 1890. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 769 4. Lavatera insularis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 249, 1877. Known only from Coronado Island, Baja California. Leaves 7 to 15 em. wide, 7-lobate, the lobes obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, yellowish, striped with purple; carpels about 10. 13. MALVASTRUM A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 21. 1849. Herbs or shrubs, with stellate pubescence; leaves often lobate; flowers white, yellow, or red, axillary or terminal, each subtended by 1 to 3 bractlets; carpels 5 or more, 1-seeded, indehiscent or bivalvate. There are several Mexican species which are wholly herbaceous. Those listed here are hardly true shrubs. Petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long, red or pink. Calyx stellate-hispid_-------- ~eo e+ 1. M. densiflorum. Calyx finely stellate-pubescent___-------------------- _-2. M. fasciculatum. Petals 1 cm. long or less, variously colored. Stems strigose, the hairs 4-rayed, the rays in approximate pairs directed for- ward and backward_____--------------------- 3. M. coromandelianum. Stems with pubescence of branched hairs, the rays usually more than 4, radiately divaricate. , Carpels bicuspidate__________---------------------- 4, M. bicuspidatum. Carpels rounded on the back, not bicuspidate. Carpels strigose or hispid above; leaves not lobate; flowers chiefly in terminal spikes_.______--------------------------- 5. M. spicatum. Carpels glabrous, rarely finely stellate-pubescent when young; leaves usually shallowly or deeply lobate; flowers chiefly in axillary clusters. Stems soon glabrous or nearly so_----------~--------- 6. M. lacteum. Stems densely stellate-pubescent—------------------ 7. M. ribifolium. 1. Malvastrum densiflorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 368, 1882. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Jacinto Mountains. Stems 1 meter high or less, suffrutescent; leaves round-cordate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate-denate, often shallowly trilobate, stel- late-pubescent; carpels glabrous. 2. Malvastrum fasciculatum (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Franc. 108, 1891. Malva fasciculata Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FJ. N. Amer. 1: 226. 1888. Malvastrum thurberi A. Gray, Mem, Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 307. 1855. Malacothamnus fasciculatus Greene, Leaflets 1: 208. 1906. Northern Baja California and Sonora; type from Sonora. Southern Arizona and California. Herbaceous or shrubby, sometimes 4.5 meters high; leaves rounded-subcor- date, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, often obscurely lobate, finely stellate-pubescent; inflorescence nearly naked ; carpels stellate-pubescent. 3. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia 5: 295. 1857. Malva coromandeliana L. Sp. Pl. 687. 1753. Malva tricuspidata Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 210. 1812. Malwvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 16. 1852. Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. Widely dis- tributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Plants essentially annual but often becoming fruticose; leaves chiefly rhom- bic-ovate, often broadly so, 2 to 5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, usually rounded at base, crenate-dentate, green, thinly strigose; flowers mostly axillary 7808—23——17 770 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. and solitary, short-pedunculate; petals yellow; carpels hispid, “ Escoba blan- ca,” “escobita dulce” (Porto Rico). 4. Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 286. 1909. Malvastrum tricuspidatum bicuspidatum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 417. 1886. Chihuahua to Morelos, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua. Plants usually fruticose, about 1 meter high, the stems reddish brown; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute, crenate-dentate, green, thinly or densely stellate-pubescent ; petals yellow; carpels hispid. “ Malva” (Sina- loa). 5. Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 22. 1849. Malva spicata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1146. 1759. Jalisco to Nuevo Leén, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical regions. Plants sometimes 2 meters high; leaves rounded-ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, subcordate to obtuse at base, crenate-dentate, stellate-pubescent ; calyx hirsute; petals yellow. ‘“ Malvavisco” (Port Rico). 6. Malvastrum lacteum (Ait.) Standl. Malva lactea Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 448, 1789. Malva vitifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: pl. 80. 1791. Malvastrum vitifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 100. 1879. Michoacin to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the stems sometimes 5 cm. thick; leaves 5 to 12 cm. long, cordate at base, 3 or 5-lobate, the lobes acute or acutish, crenate-dentate, green, sparsely stellate-pubescent; flowers slender-pedicellate, in loose cymes; petals white. 7. Malvastrum ribifolium (Schlecht.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. 1: 100. 1879. Maiva ribifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 351. 1837: Malva mexicana Schauer, Linnaea 20: 724, 1847. Malwastrum mexicanum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 99. 1879. Malvastrum schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 143. 1890. Malvastrum greenmanianum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat Herb. 5: 180. 1899. Coahuila to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo. Central America. Stems herbaceous or fruticose, sometimes 2.5 meters high; leaves 4 to 13 em. long, usually shallowly 3 or 5-lobate, crenate-dentate, stellate-pubescent, the terminal lobe acute; flowers white, sessile or nearly so in dense axillary clusters. 14. MALACHE Vogel in Trew, PI. Select. 50, 1772. Shrubs or herbs; leaves often shallowly lobate; flowers axillary, paniculate, or subcapitate at the ends of long peduncles; bractlets 5 or more, usually distinct; petals spreading or erect; carpels 5, 1-seeded, often armed with spines, bivalvate or indehiscent. Carpels with 1 or 3 long, retrorsely barbed awns at apex; leaves not cordate at base, Carpels smooth on the back_________------- 1. M. rosea. Carpels transverse-rugose on the back. Bractlets more than twice as long as the calyx_______ 2. M. arachnoidea. Bractlets about equaling the calyx_._._...-___.-- 3. M. spinifex. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. T71 Carpels not awned; leaves cordate at base. Petals erect; carpels of the fruit with fleshy pericarp._4. M. malacophylla. Petals spreading; carpels dry. Bractlets lanceolate or ovate. Bractlets lanceolate, about twice as long as the calyx__5. M. chiapensis. Bractlets ovate, equaling or shorter than the calyx_.6. M. nepetaefolia. Bractlets linear. Fruit deeply lobed, the carpels scarcely coherent_----- 7. M. lasiopetala. Fruit not lobed, the carpels adnate to each other. Calyx finely stellate-pubescent; bractlets not ciliate; stamen column with several large appendages at base__---- 8. M. melanommata. Calyx hirsute; bractlets long-ciliate; stamen column not appendaged. Carpels glabrous or scaberulous__--------------- 9. M. paniculata. Carpels densely pubescent_----------------------- 10. M. purpusii. 1. Malache rosea (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:71. 1891. Pavonia rosea Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 355. 1837. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Shrub, about a meter high, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves short- petiolate, rhombic-obovate or obovate-oblong, 4 to 18 em. long, acute or acumi- nate, dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent; flowers mostly clustered at the ends of long peduncles; bractlets linear; petals pink, about 12 mm. long. “ Mozote” (Guatemala). 2. Malache arachnoidea (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891. Pavonia arachnoidea Presi, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129. 1836. Guerrero; type from western Mexico, probably from Acapulco. Stems slender, stellate-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, serrate-dentate, coarsely stellate-pubescent ; flowers mostly axillary, long-pedicellate; bractlets subulate, hirsute; petals about 12 mm. long. 3. Malache spinifex (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891. Hibiscus spinifer L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1149. 1759. Pavonia spinifer Cav. Monad. Diss. 133. 1787. Pavonia lanceolata Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 356. 18387. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Florida, West Indies, Central America, and South America. Shrub or herb, 0.5 to 4 meters high, the branches pilosulous ; leaves short- petiolate, oblong or lonceolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute, serrate, thinly pubescent ; flowers mostly axillary, long-pedicellate; bractlets linear-lanceolate; petals yellow, 14 to 16 mm. long. “Cadillo espinoso” (Porto Rico); “ pajarito amarillo” (Colombia) ; “cadillo amarillo” (Santo Domingo). 4. Malache malacophylla (Nees & Mart.) Standl. Lopimia malacophylla Nees & Mart. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4865. 1848. Pavonia malacophylla Wright ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 1: 117. 1879, as synonym. Oaxaca. Cuba and South America, Shrub, the branches densely stellate-tomentose; leaves rounded-cordate, 10 to 18 cm. long, acute or obtuse, often angulate, denticulate, velvety-tomentose ; flowers chiefly axillary; bractlets about 18, linear, hirsute; petals purple-red, 3 to 3.5 em. long. In general appearance the plant is much like some species of Malvaviscus. It was reported by Hemsley as Pavonia velutina St. Hil. 772 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Malache chiapensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Jiquipilas, Chiapas (Goldman 1087; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470832). Shrub, the branches densely tomentose and somewhat viscid; leaves on long or short petioles, ovate-cordate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute, crenate-dentate, densely- stellate-tomentose, the basal lobes usually overlapping; flowers axillary, long- pedicellate; bractlets usually 6, stellate-tomentose; petals yellow, 2 em. long; carpels scabrous, somewhat rugose on the back, 6. Malache nepetaefolia Standl., sp. nov. soahuila and San Luis Potosf{; type from General Cepeda, Coahuila (Pringle 13698; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 462390). Shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves slender-petiolate, del- toid-cordate or deltoid-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse, deeply cordate at base, coarsely crenate or near the base crenate-lobate, rather thinly stellate- pilosulous; flowers axillary, slender-pedicellate; bractlets usually 6, acute, stellate-pubescent ; petals 12 to 14 mm. long; fruit deeply lobed, the carpels lightly coherent, indehiscent, finely pubescent. 7. Malache lasiopetala (Scheele) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891. Pavonia lasiopetala Scheele, Linnaea 21: 470. 1848. Pavonia wrightit A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 76. pl. 130. 1849, Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; reported from Hidalgo. Western Texas; type from Texas. Shrub, the branchlets pilosulous; leaves broadly cordate, 3 to 6 em. long, acute, often angulate, coarsely serrate or dentate, stellate-pilose beneath; flow- ers axillary, long-pedicellate; petals rose-purple, about 2 cm. long; carpels glabrous, 8. Malache melanommata (Robins. & Seat.) Standl. Pavonia melanommata Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer, Acad. 28: 104, 1893. Michoacfin, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Monte Leén, Michoacin. Slender shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches finely viscid-pubescent, leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, long-acuminate, cordate at base, crenate, often shallowly trilobate, minutely stellate-pubescent ; flowers chiefly axillary, long-pedicellate; petals 2 to 2.5 em. long, pink, with dark center. 9. Malache paniculata (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl, 1: 70. 1891. Pavonia paniculata Cav, Monad. Diss. 8: 135. pl. 46, f. 2. 1787. Pavonia mevicana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 284. 1821, ? Pavonia scabra Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129. 1836. Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches viscid-pubescent and often hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, often trilobate, crenate or serrate; flowers mostly paniculate; petals yellow, about 1.5 cm. long, pilose within at base. 10. Malache purpusii (T. S. Brandeg.) Stand]. Pavonia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 250, 1908. Pavonia liebmannii Ulbrich, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 516, 1915. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacupan, Veracruz. Guatemala. Slender shrub, the branches viscid-tomentose and hirsute; leaves ovate- cordate, 3 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, dentate; flowers axillary, long- pedicellate; petals purplish, 1.5 to 2 em. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. It would be possible to key out some of the Species listed below by the characters given in the original descriptions, but the writer has seen no STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 7173 material which certainly belongs to them, and it may be that some of the names are referable to other genera. PAVONIA GLANDULOSA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129, 1836. Type from western Mexico. PAVONIA HETEROPHYLLA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 189. 1858. PAVONIA HIRTIFLORA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839. Type from Aguascalientes. PAVONIA RACEMIFLORA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 277. 1836-39. Type from Tepic. PAVONIA URTICAEFOLIA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 128. 1836. Type from western Mexico. 15. MALVAVISCUS Cav. Monad. Diss. 131. 1780. Shrubs or trees; leaves toothed, often lobed or angled; flowers usualy red, pedunculate, axillary or racemose; bractlets numerous; petals erect-connivent, or spreading only above; fruit 5-celled, the carpels baccate, indehiscent, 1-seeded. The differences between most of the species are poorly marked, and most of the characters are so variable that there is much doubt as to which ones are of systematic value. The following treatment is not wholly satisfactory, but the writer is uncertain whether the number of recognized species should be increased or decreased. Various species of Malvaviscus are cultivated in Mexico and elsewhere for their showy flowers. Among gardeners they are frequently known by the generic name Achania. The bark contains a tough fiber. A decoction of the flowers is employed in Mexico for inflammation of the digestive tract, and in popular practice as an emmenagogue. The plants have the emollient properties characteristic of the family. One of the species is figured by Hernéndez,’ without name or description. Another one, apparently, is illustrated and described? in a chapter headed “De Atlat Zopillin, seu aquosa herba appensa.” Corolla 7 to 8 em. long____--_---_-_-_------------------------ 1. M. candidus. Corolla less than 6 cm. long. Leaves glabrous beneath, or the pubescence of separated, simple or stellate hairs. Corolla 4 to 5 cm. long. Bractlets linear, glabrous___-_-_ _ _-2. M. penduliflorus. Bractlets broadened above, ciliate and usually stellate-pubescent. 3. M. conzattii. Corolla 2 to 3.5 cm. long. Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaf almost wholly of simple hairs_-__-----_--_-_--_-__---_-_-------------+---------- 4, M. rivularis. Pubescence of the leaves wholly or chiefly of stellate hairs. Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath along the nerves. Leaves usually as broad as long, deeply cordate at base. 5. M. drummondii. Leaves coarsely stellate-pubescent along the nerves or hirtellous. Leaves mostly 3 to 5-lobate, usually 5 to 14 cm. wide. 6. M. populifolius. Leaves usually not lobate, mostly 1 to 5 cm. wide. 7%. M. grandiflorus. 1 Thesaurus 352. 1651. *Thesaurus 117. 1651. 774 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath with crowded interlaced hairs. Corolla 1.5 em. long__-----.. = 8. M. palmeri. Corolla 2.5 em. long or larger. Petals spreading above___.------ = 9. M. acerifolius. Petals erect. Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves and of the bractlets wholly of minute hairs_....._... = _.-.10. M. oaxacanus. Pubescence of the leaves and bractlets partly of coarse spreading hairs. Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath upon the veins. 5. M. drummondii. Leaves coarsely stellate-pilose beneath along the veins. 11. M. arboreus. 1. Malvaviscus candidus DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824. Malvaviscus pringlei Baker f. Amer. Journ, Sci. 50: 175. 1895. Coahuila, Querétaro, Jalisco, and Michoacin. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves 3 or 5-lobate, 8 to 20 cm. long, cordate at base, the lobes irregularly dentate or crenate, stellate-pubescent ; bractlets linear, equaling or shorter than the calyx; petals white. “ Lirio” (Coahuila). The Coahuila specimens were taken from a cultivated plant, and the shrub is cultivated elsewhere in Mexico. Palmer reports that a decoction of the flowers and peach leaves is a local remedy for deafness, and that the flowers are steeped in mescal to prepare a drink for coughs and colds, 2. Malvaviscus penduliflorus DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824. Malwaviscus lanceolatus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 175. 1899. Michoacfin to Chiapas. Shrub, 1.5 to 4 meters high, nearly or quite glabrous throughout; leaves slender-petiolate or the upper nearly sessile, lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, rounded or cordate at base, acuminate, sinuate-serrate; petals red. “ Monacillo colorado” (Oaxaca, Reko). 3. Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 333. 1912. Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Oaxaca. Guatemala. Shrub; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acumi- nate, obtuse to subcordate at base, sinuate-serrate, usually not lobate; petals red. 4. Malvaviscus rivularis 1. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 211. 1905. Known only from the type locality, Cofradia, Sinaloa. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, serrate- dentate, often shallowly trilobate, the pubescence beneath chiefly of simple hairs; bractlets linear; corolla red, about 8 em. long. ‘Media noche.” 5. Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer, 1: 230. 1838. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potos{, and Yucatin. Texas. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, 4 to 9 ecm. long, obtuse or acute, usually angulate or shallowly lobate, crenate-dentate; bractlets spatu- late-linear; corolla red, 2 to 3.5 em. long. “ Manzanilla ” (Veracruz). The fruit is edible, and is eaten either raw or cooked. 6. Malvaviscus populifolius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 135. 1836. Colima to Chiapas and Morelos. Guatemala. Leaves 5 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, angulate or shallowly lobate, crenate or dentate; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 775 7. Malvaviscus grandiflorus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 288. 1821. Malvaviseus sepium Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 361. 1837. Michoacin to Chiapas, Yucatin, and Veracruz; type from Guanajuato. Cen- tral America. Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 5 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 25 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely crenate or dentate; corolla red, ©5 to 3.5 em. long. ‘ Chilmecate” (Guerrero, Langlassé) ; “ mazapfin,” “ mo- silado” (Veracruz) ; “aguate” (Guerrero). This form is the one to which the name M. arboreus Cav. has been applied most frequently. Palmer reports that a decoction of the flowers is used as a gargle for sore throat. 8. Malvaviscus palmeri Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895. Malvaviscus cinereus Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 37: 347. 1899. Tepic and Jalisco; type from Tepic. Leaves reniform-cordate, 6 to 16 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 3 or 5-lobate, serrate, grayish, finely stellate-pubescent ; flowers in long dense racemes; bracts linear. The two names cited above were based upon the same collection. 9. Malvaviscus acerifolius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 135. 1836. Jalisco and perhaps elsewhere; type from western Mexico. Leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acute, angulate or lobate, crenate, densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces ; flowers subcorymbose; bractlets linear, densely stellate-pubescent. 10. Malvaviscus oaxacanus Standl., sp. nov. Oaxaca; type collected north of Tuxtepec (Nelson 348; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,073,354). Leaves ovate-cordate or rounded-cordate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute, deeply cordate at base, crenulate or dentate, often angulate or shallowly trilobate, very minutely stellate-pubescent, becoming glabrate above; flowers axillary; bract- lets linear, slightly shorter than the calyx, minutely stellate-pubescent; corolla red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 11. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Monad. Diss. 131. pl. 48, f. 1. 1780. Malvaviseus acapulcensis H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 288. 1821. Malvaviscus mollis DC. Prodr. 1: 445, 1824. Sinaloa to Chiapas, Campeche, and Veracruz, type from Mexico. Central America and Colombia. Shrub; leaves ovate to reniform-cordate, 5 to 16 cm. long, obtuse to acumi- nate, rounded to deeply cordate at base, crenate or dentate, often angulate or shallowly lobate, densely stellate-pubescent; bractlets linear; corolla red. “ Monacillo” (Veracruz, Colima, Jalisco, Durango, Mexico, Oaxaca); “ man- zanita ” or “ manzanito” (fruit; Colima, Guatemala) ; “‘mazapin” (Mexico) ; “civil” (Veracruz, Tabasco) ; “ amapola * (Costa Rica); “ clavel encarnado,” “estrella de Panamé” (Guatemala); “ quesillo” (Nicaragua); “ manzanita quesillo ” (El Salvador). The vernacular names are chiefly derived from literature, and doubtless are applied indiscriminately to all the red-flowered species. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Maxvaviscus FLAvipus DC. Prodr. 1: 446, 1824. Type from Mexico. Maxvaviscus PENTAcARPUS DC. Prodr. 1: 445, 1824. Type from Mexico. MALVAVISCUS PLEURANTHERUS DC. Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Type from Mexico. Ma.vaviscus pLEURocoNUs DC. Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Type from Mexico. 776 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 16. KOSTELETZKYA Pregl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 130. 1836. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the pubescence chiefly of stellate hairs; leaves often angulate or lobate; flowers axillary or paniculate; petals erect or spreading; bractlets 7 to 10; capsule o-angulate, the cells 1-seeded. Probably none of the Species deserve to be classed ag shrubs. Petals erect, convolute, 2 to 3.5 em. long. Stems hispid__-------2-eee 1. K. paniculata. Stems minutely stellate-pubescent. Capsule hispid; leaves not lobed____-___.____._ 2. K. malvaviscana, Capsule glabrate except on the angles; leaves motly 3-lobed__8. K. thurberi. Petals spreading, usually less than 2 cm. long. Pubescence of the stems chiefly of long simple hairs, very few, if any, small stellate hairs present. Leaves, at least the upper ones, 3 to 5-lobed nearly or quite to the base. 4. K. coulteri. Leaves, at least the upper ones, not lobed, the lower ones angulate or shat- lowly lobed__--__-__-_--_-- ee 5. K. hastata, Pubescence of the stems of stellate hairs, these mostly very small. Upper leaves mostly or 8 or 5-parted__----- 6. K. digitata. Upper leaves not lobed or merely hastate-lobed__________ 7. K. sagittata 1. Kosteletzkya paniculata Benth. Pl, Hartw. 285, 1848. Sonora, Sinaloa, and Jalisco; type from Bolafios, Jalisco. Shrub or herb, 1 to 2 meters high, the stems and leaves coarsely hispid; leaves long-petiolate, broadly cordate, 10 to 20 em. long, most of them shallowly or deeply 3 to 7-lobed; flowers in large panicles ; petals white ( ?) ; seeds glabrous. 2. Kosteletzkya malvaviscana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 319. pl, 67, 1905. Known only from the type locality, Las Cuevas, Sonora. Plants 1 to 2 meters high ; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 em. long, acute, crenate- dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent, rounded at base; petals purple-pink. Probably a form of K. thurberi. 3. Kosteletzkya thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 314. 1887. Known only from the type locality, Cocospera, Sonora, Plants 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, angulate, stellate- pubescent, serrulate; flowers in naked panicles; petals rose-colored. 4, Kosteletzkya coulteri A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 23. 1852. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Sonora. Plants chiefly or wholly herbaceous, a meter high; leaves long-petiolate, 3 to 8 cm. long, the lobes narrow, coarsely serrate; petals white or yellow, 13 mm. long; seeds glabrous. 5. Kosteletzkya hastata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 130. 1836. Kosteletzkya hispida Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 132. 1836. Kosteletzkya cordata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 182. 1836, Hibiscus tampicensis Moric. Mém. Soc. Phys, Hist. Nat. Genéve 7: 260. pl. 14. 1833. Kosteletzkya tampicensis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 819. 1905. Kosteletzkya violacea Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 319. pl. 68. 1905. Sonora to Tamaulipas and Morelos. Nicaragua. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves on long or short petioles, lance-oblong to broadly cordate, 83 to 7 em. long. dentate, often shallowly lobate or hastate- lobate; petals 10 to 18 min. long, yellow or purplish; seeds minutely pubescent. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. T717 The specimens placed here show great variation in leaf form, but the varia- tion upon a single plant is nearly as great as in the whole series of specimens. 6. Kosteletzkya digitata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 289. 1870. Known only from the type locality, Yaqui River, Sonora. Leaves with linear denticulate lobes, or some of the leaves simple; flowers long-pedicellate, purplish, 8 to 10 mm. long; seeds glabrous. 7. Kosteletzkya sagittata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 181. pl. 70. 1836. Kosteletzkya stellata Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 532. 1895. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Guerrero. Reported from the West Indies and northern South America. Leaves very variable, from linear-oblong to deltoid, often hastate-lobate or even 3 or 5-lobate, serrate or dentate, green ; petals white or pink ; seeds minutely pubescent. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. KosTELETZKYA MADRENSIS Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 4. 1908. 17. HIBISCUS L. Sp. Pl. 693. 1753. Rererence: Hochreutiner, Revision du genre Hibiscus, Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 4: 23-191. 1900. Shrubs or small trees, sometimes herbs, the pubescence chiefly of stellate hairs; leaves often lobed or parted; flowers chiefly axillary, of various colors; bractlets usually numerous; fruit a 5-valvate capsule; seeds glabrous or hairy. Hibiscus manihot L., a species with large yellow flowers and with leaves divided into narrow lobes, is sometimes cultivated in Mexico under the names “pajiza” and “viudas.” The okra (“ chimbombo,” “ quimgombo "), Hibiscus esculentus L., also is cultivated. Bractlets bifurcate at the apex. Stems and petioles aculeolate___------------------------- 1. H. bifurcatus. Stems and petioles not aculeolate. Leaves stellate-hispid beneath_-------------------------- 2. H. costatus, Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath------------ 3. H. furcellatus. Bractlets not bifurcate. Petals red, erect, convolute. Corolla 2 to 3.5 cm. long. Bractlets spatulate, obtuse__------------------------------ 4, H. nelsoni. Bractlets linear, acute, Leaves rounded or broadly cuneate at base, not lobate____5. H. spiralis. Leaves truncate or subcordate at base, usually shallowly hastate-lobate. 6. H. tubiflorus. Petals not red, spreading. Bractlets 2.3 to 8 mm. wide, ovate, lanceolate, spatulate, or broadly linear, Leaves glabrous beneath or essentially so, all or most of them deeply lobate______------------------------------------ 7. H. sabdariffa. Leaves densely pubescent beneath, very shallowly or usually not at all lobate. Bractlets united to the middle or higher_------------- 8. H. tiliaceus. Bractlets free or nearly so. Flowers 5.5 to 6 cm. long; bractlets broadly linear; leaves mostly 7 to 25 em. wide__--------------------------- 9. H. clypeatus. Flowers 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; bractlets spatulate, or lanceolate and contracted at base; leaves mostly 2 to 7 cm. wide. Bractlets spatulate, obtuse; calyx about 12 mm. long. 10. H. lavateroides. Bractlets lanceolate, acuminate; calyx about 20 mm. long. 11. H. cardiophyllus. 778 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Bractlets narrowly linear or setaceous, less than 2 mm. wide. Petals 6 to 8 cm. long; leaves glabrous or nearly so__12. H. Tosa-sinensis, Petals 5 cm. long or less; leaves usually copiously pubescent. Bractlets less than half as long as the calyx________ 13. H. denudatus. Bractlets nearly or quite as long as the calyx, often much longer. Stems hispid with Jong, mostly simple hairs, and with 2 lines of fine pubescence___-___---- 14. H. biseptus. Stems glabrous or with short pubescence of stellate hairs, these evenly distributed. Petals purple or purplish__---- 15. H. brasiliensis. Petals white, yellow, or yellowish. Petals about 1 cm, long; leaves not lobate____16. H. purpusii. Petals 3 to 5 em. long; leaves usually lobate. Capsule strigose__.._..____ anne ee 17. H. ribifolius. Capsule glabrous, Leaves all or partly 3-parted__._.__.. 18. H. coulteri, Leaves merely dentate, or shallowly lobate. Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, the pubescence of the lower surface chiefly of 4 or 5- rayed loose hairs___... 19. H. elegans. Leaves mostly 8 to 5 em, long, acute or acuminate, the pubescence of the lower surface of 3-rayed appressed hairs___------ 20. H. acicularis. 1. Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. Monad. Diss. 146. pl. 51, f. 1. 1787. Hibiscus uncinellus DC. Prodr. 1: 449, 1824. Tepic to Chiapas and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South America; type from Brazil. Shrub or herb, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the stems hispid and aculeolate; leaves 6 to 18 cm. long, hirsute and stellate-pubescent, aculeolate beneath along the veins, usually deeply trilobate, the lobes acuminate, serrate; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long; petals 7 to 9 cm. long, purplish; capsule strigose. “Flor de paisto” (Michoacén, Guerro, Langlassé). The leaves are slightly acid, and in Brazil they are cooked and eaten. 2. Hibiscus costatus A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cuba 138. 1845. Hibiscus australis Rose; Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 6: 4. 1908, nomen nudum. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cuba and Guatemala; type from Cuba. Shrub or herb, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches stellate-hispidulous or glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate to reniform-cordate, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, acumi- nate, dentate, often angulate or shallowly lobate; calyx 1.8 to 2 em. long; petals 6.5 to 7.5 em. long, lavender or deep pink ; capsule strigose. 3. Hibiscus furcellatus Desr,: Lam. Encycl. 3: 358. 1789. Veracruz, Florida, West Indies, Central America, and South America. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the stems stellate-tomentose; leaves ovate-cordate or orbicular-cordate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or obtuse, dentate, often angulate or shallowly lobate; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long; petals 6 to 8 cm. long, purple- pink; capsule strigose. 4. Hibiscus nelsoni Rose & Standl., sp. nov, Type collected between Nopala and Mixistepec, Oaxaca (Nelson 2430; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1,073,355). Leaves deltoid-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded or truncate at base, serrate-dentate, stellate-hispidulous with fulvous hairs; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 779 flowers axillary; bractlets about 3 mm. wide; calyx 1 cm. long, strigose, the lobes rounded at the apex; petals 2 em. long, stellate-hispidulous; stamen column exserted; capsule strigose or glabrate. 5. Hibiscus spiralis Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 47. pl. 162. 1798. State of Mexico and probably elsewhere ; described from plants cultivated at Madrid. Shrub, the branches soon glabrate; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute, coarsely crenate-serrate, thinly and minutely stellate-pubescent ; calyx about 12 mm. long; petals 2 to 2.5 cm. long; stamen column exserted ; capsule strigose. 6. Hibiscus tubiflorus DC. Prodr. 1: 447. 1824. Abelmoschus achanioides Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31°: 196. 1858. Hibiscus achanioidcs Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 121. 1879. Tamaulipas to Yucat&n, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Guatemala. Slender shrub; leaves deltoid-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, coarsely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-hispid ; calyx 6 to 15 mm. long; petals 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; stamens slightly or not at all exserted ; capsule stellate-hispidulous. “Hol,” “xtupkinil” (Yucatan, Maya); ‘“ mona- cillo del rio” (Mexico, Urbina). 7. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Sp. Pl. 695. 1753. ’ @Gultivated in Mexico and doubtless also growing without cultivation. Native of the East Indies; often cultivated and naturalized in tropical America. Slender shrub or herb, 1 to 2 meters high, with red glabrous stems; leaves deeply 3 or 5-lobate, the lobes serrulate, the costa bearing a large gland be- neath near the base; calyx 2 cm. long; petals 4 to 5 cm. long, pink or purplish ; capsule strigose. “ Jamaica,” “flor de Jamaica” (Mexico) ; “vifia,” “agrio de Guinea” (Porto Rico). The English names are “ roselle ” and “Jamaica sorrel.” The plant is often cultivated for the fleshy red calyces, which are mucilaginous, with acid flavor, and are used in the preparation of jellies and sauces. The leaves also are sometimes used for flavoring food. In India the plant is of importance be- cause of the fiber of the stems, which is separated by retting and employed for cordage. The seeds are said to have demulcent, diuretic, and tonic prop- erties, and the calyces are employed in the preparation of cooling beverages for fever patients.’ 8. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Sp. Pl. 694. 1753. Hibiscus elatus Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 103. 1788. Hibiscus azanzae DC. Prodr. 1: 454. 1824. Hibiscus bracteosus DC. Prodr. 1: 455. 1824. Paritium tiliaceum Juss.; St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 198. 1825. On seacoasts, Tepic to Oaxaca; reported from Veracruz. Widely distributed in tropical regions. Shrub or small tree, usually 2 to 5 meters high, with large stipules; leaves ovate-cordate to reniform-cordate, 6 to 18 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, entire or nearly so, green above, pale beneath and stellate-tomentulose ; calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; petals yellow, turning greenish when dry, 6 to 7 cm. long; capsule densely pubescent. “ Hol6,” “xtol6” (Yucatan, Maya); “ majahua,” “ majagua,” “ masahua,” “ mazahua ” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Venezuela, 1See P. J. Wester, Contributions to the history and bibliography of the roselle, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 91-98. 1911. 780 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Nicaragua, Cuba, Costa Rica, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Peru, Panama) ; “emajagua” (Porto Rico, Peru); “huamaga” (Ecuador); “ damajagua ” (Peru); “algodoncillo ” (Venezuela) ; “demajagua,” “ majagua azul,” “ma- jagua macho” (Cuba); “majagiiito de playa” (Colombia); “majagua de playa” (Panama) ; “nau” (Hawaii) ; “fau” (Samoa) ; “pago” (Guam). The word “majagua” has been corrupted in English into “ mahoe,” the name used in Jamaica and elsewhere. The wood is white, soft, and porous, and is said to weigh 35 to 38 pounds per cubic foot. It is sometimes utilized as a substitute for cork. The plant was an important source of fiber in the Western Hemisphere before the arrival of the Europeans, and is still used extensively for cordage. It was employed in many parts of the Tropics for the manufacture of mats and coarse cloth. In quality the fiber is similar to jute, and it has the property of becoming stronger after being soaked in water. To the flowers, roots, and bark are ascribed aperitive, emollient, sudorific, and laxative proper- ties. In the Pacific islands the bark was sometimes eaten when other food was lacking. The aborigines of Queensland value the roots as food, likewise the leaves, which have a slightly acid flavor. In Samoa the bark is used for strain- ing the narcotic drink ava. In Guam ropes of it, after having been oiled, are employed as cables, For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 50. 9. Hibiscus clypeatus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1149, 1759. Hibiscus berlandierianus Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 8. pl. 6. 1830, Veracruz, Campeche, and Yucatan. Greater Antilles. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 6 meters high, branches stellate-tomentose; leaves rounded-cordate, 8 to 24 em. long, acute, obscurely dentate or nearly entire, usually angulate, densely stellate-pubescent ; calyx about 4 em. long, nearly equaling the petals; capsule densely hispid, about 4 em. long. ‘“ Huevo de gato” (Porto Rico). 10. Hibiscus lavateroides Moric. Pl. Amer, Rar. 9. pl. 7, 1830. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Tampico, Tamaulipas. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 2 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute, dentate, stellate-hispidulous; petals pink or purplish, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long; capsule stel- late-pubescent, 12 to 15 mm. long. 11. Hibiscus cardiophyllus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852. Coahuila, Nuevo Le6n, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos{, and Puebla. Western Texas; type from Turkey Creek, Shrub or herb, 30 to 60 em. high, the stems stellate-hispidulous; leaves rounded-cordate, 3 to 7 em. long, obtuse, sinuate-dentate, sometimes angulate, pale beneath and densely stellate-tomentose; petals crimson, about 3 em. long; capsule glabrous or nearly so. 12. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Sp. Pl. 694. 1753. Common in cultivation and often growing without cultivation. Probably native of China, but now widely dispersed in tropical countries. Shrub or small tree, nearly or quite glabrous throughout; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate ; stamen tube exserted. “ Tulipin” (Yucatin); “ tulipin rojo” (Oaxaca) ; “rosa china,” “ gallardete ” (Oaxaca) ; “ obeliseo ” (Mexico, Jalisco, Durango) ; “schil” (Ramirez); “clavel” (Guatemala); “ resucitado,” ‘“ escandalosa roja” (Colombia) ; “ Mar Pacffico ” (Cuba, Honduras) ; “ pavona,” “ amapola,” “mapola,” “ candelada ” (Porto Rico) ; “ clavelén ” (El Salvador) ; “bonche” (Colombia). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 781 The Chinese hibiscus is one of the most common ornamental shrubs in tropi- cal America, and is cultivated also in hothouses in temperate regions. The flowers are often double, and they occur in many shades of red and yellow, some forms having variegated petals. In India the shrub is known as “ China- rose,” “ shoeblack-plant,” or “ shoe-flower plant.” The latter names are derived from the fact that the petals, which turn black when crushed, are used for blacking shoes. They are employed by the women of China to dye the hair and eyebrows. The flowers are sometimes pickled and eaten in China, and they are used to color spirituous liquors. The petals impart to paper a bluish purple tint which reacts like litmus. The bark is employed in China as an emmenagogue. A related species (known in Porto Rico as “lira” and in Colombia and the Philippines as “arafia”) is H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook., which likewise is cultivated in Mexico. It is distinguished by having recurved petals which are cut into narrow lobes. Still another species cultivated in Mexico is the Rose-of-Sharon or althea, Hibiscus syriacus L. (“altea,” “flor de una hora ’”’), an Asiatic plant. It is similar to H. rosa-sinensis, but has mostly smaller flow- ers, single or double, pink, purple, or white, with a very short stamen column. 13. Hibiscus denudatus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 7. pl. 8. 1844. Hibiscus denudatus involucellatus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852. Baja California to Durango, Coahuila, and Chihuahua; type from Magda- lena Bay, Baja California. Western Texas to Arizona. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves rounded-ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or sub- cordate at base, sinuate-dentate, finely stellate-pubescent; calyx 8 to 14 mm. long; petals 2 to 2.5 cm. long, lavender-purple; capsule glabrous or nearly so. 14, Hibiscus biseptus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 418. 1886. Baja California to Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, in age sometimes glabrous; leaves 1.5 to 7 cm. long, the upper ones deeply lobed, the lower ones often merely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-hispidulous or nearly glabrous; calyx 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; petals 8 to 4.5 cm. long, white or pale yellow, with purple spot at base; capsule glabrous. 15. Hibiscus brasiliensis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 977. 1763. Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. Hort. Bot. Vind. 3: 11. pl. 14. 1776. Hibiseus oryphyllus DC, Prodr. 1: 455. 1824. Hibiscus violaceus T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 211. 1905. Hibiscus iochromus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 385. 1909. Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Veracruz, West Indies, Central America, and South America. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches soon glabrate; leaves del- toid-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, long-acuminate, coarsely crenate- dentate, often deeply lobate, thinly stellate-hispidulous or glabrate; bractlets shorter or often much longer than the calyx; petals 1 to 2 cm. long; capsule strigose, ‘“ Mframe-linda ” (Nicaragua); “peregrina ” (Cuba); ‘“ cadillo” (Santo Domingo). 16. Hibiscus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot, 6: 868. 1917. Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz. Tree: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrate, nearly glabrous; flowers nearly sessile; petals greenish yellow; capsule stellate-hirsute. 782 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. Hibiscus ribifolius A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 5: 154. 1861. Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves deltvid- ovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, often sub- hastate, soon glabrate; petals sulphur-yellow, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long. 18. Hibiscus coulteri Harv.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28. 1852. Sonora and Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or often herbaceous; leaves dimorphous, ithe lower ones rounded-ovate or ovate-oval and dentate, the upper ones mostly parted into 3 narrow dentate lobes; petals white or pale yellow, 2 to 4 cm. long. It is probable that the proper name for this species is H. acetosacfolius DC. The plate of Sessé and Mocifio? upon which that name was based agrees very well with specimens of H. coulteri, except for the small size of the flowers, as illustrated. 19. Hibiscus elegans Standl., sp. nov. Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacin, Puebla (Pringle 7505; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 305765.) Shrub, the branches stellate-strigose; leaves elliptic to oval or ovate-rhombie, 1 to 3 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at base, crenate-dentate, green, stellate-hispidulous;: calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate; bractlets shorter than the calyx; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, yel- low, with red spot at base. 20. Hibiscus acicularis Standl., sp. nov. Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leén (Pringle 13880; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 462430). Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 cm. high, stellate-strigose; leaves hastate-deltoid, obtuse to long-acuminate, crenate or serrate, green, thin, sparsely pubescent with mostly 8-rayed and appressed hairs; flowers long- pedunculate; bractlets equaling or longer than the calyx; calyx 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, the lobes linear-lanceolate; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, white or pale yellow; seeds covered with long silky hairs. “Amor de un dia” (Tamaulipas). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Higiscts CYANoGyNus DC. Prodr. 1: 455, 1824. Described from Mexico, Probably not of this genus. 18. GOSSYPIUM L. Sp. PI. REFERENCE: George Watt, The wild and cultivated cotton plants of the world, 1907. Shrubs or large herbs, sometimes small trees; leaves usually 3 to 9-lobed; flowers large, yellow or purplish, the calyx subtended by 3 large cordate bracts; calyx truncate or shallowly 5-lobate; fruit a loculicidal capsule, the seeds com- monly covered with long cotton. The cultivated species of the genus are greatly confused and poorly under- stood. This is due chiefly to the fact that many of the cultivated forms are the result of hybridization. Cotton is, of course, one of the most important plants of Mexico, where it has been in cultivation from ancient times. The early European visitors men- *Prodr. 1: 455. 1824, * DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 79. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 783 tion frequently the cotton garments worn by the natives, who showed great skill in their manufacture. Cotton is now one of the most valuable of cultivated crops in Mexico. The general Spanish word for cotton is “algod6n.” This is frequently modi- fied by various varietal names. The name for the plant is “ algodonero.” The following additional names are reported: “Taman” (Yucatin, Maya) ; “xurata” (Michoacén); “xchup” (Yucatan, Maya); “cuinim” (Huastec) ; “icheatl” (Nahuatl) ; “ tady,” “dehti” (Otomf, Buelna); “pishm” (cotton), “pishten-kiup” (the plant), “ pishten-puih” (the flower), “ pishten * (cotton) (Mixe, Belmar). The root bark of cultivated cotton is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. It has emmenagogue properties and is sometimes employed to facilitate parturi- tion, but at present it is little used. By the slaves of the South in former days it was employed ag a means of producing abortion. The plant is said to be used in Mexico for the same purposes, an infusion of the leaves and flowers is employed as a gargle for sore throat, and an infusion of the roasted seeds for dysentery and similar affections. Besides the fiber obtained from the cotton plant, a valuable product is found in the seeds. These yield an oil which is applied to a wide variety of uses, and the residue left after the extraction of oil is an important source of fertilizer and of food for stock. Bractlets entire, united below__------------------------- 1. G. gossypioides. Bractlets toothed or lobed or, if entire (in one species), free. Seeds covered with very short and close hairs or nearly glabrous, never with long wool. Bractlets free. Bractlets incised; leaves entire, stellate-velutinous__-_-- 2. G. davidsonii. Bractlets entire; leaves mostly lobed, glabrous or nearly so. 3. G. harknessii. Seeds with long loose wool, sometimes also with a close covering of short hairs. Seeds covered with long, loose, easily detachable hairs, without a covering of short hairs. Leaves glabrous or nearly so_------- 4. G. barbadense. Seeds with a double coat, consisting partly of short matted hairs and partly of long, not easily detachable hairs. Leaves entire, or deeply lobed (three-fourths the distance to the base or more), the lobes mostly narrowly oblong and often constricted below ; petals usually not purple on the claws. Leaves all entire__._____------------------------- 5. G. lanceolatum. Leaves 3 or 5-lobed. Flowers about 3 cm. long_--~----------~----------- 6. G. palmerii. Flowers about 6 cm. long. Leaves subcordate at base; fuzz of the seeds brown. 7%. G. schottii. Leaves deeply cordate at base; fuzz of seeds usually greenish. 8. G. microcarpum. Leaves 3 to 7-lobed, the lobes usually extending less than halfway to base, broad, not constricted below; petals usually purple on the claws. Leaves glabrous, with 3 to 7 radiating lobes____---- 9. G. mexicanum. Leaves pilose, usually with 3 ascending lobes__----- 10. G. hirsutum. 1. Gossypium gossypioides (Ulbrich) Standl. Selera gossypioides Ulbrich, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 55: 51. 1913. Oaxaca; type from San Bartolo Yautepec. 784 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub; leaves cordate at base, 3-lobed tu about the middle, 8 to 13 em. long, glabrous except along the veins; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, very long- acuminate; bractlets ovate-cordate, acute, entire, covered with large purple dotlike glands; calyx 8 to 9 mm. long, purple-dotted; petals 5 to 5.5 em. long, purplish when dry. In a general way the specimens agree with a tracing of the plate which served as the basis of De Candolle’s description of Ingenhouzia triloba.| The writer feels convinced, however, that the two plants are different. The identi- fication of Ingenhouzia is still uncertain, and it may well be that the plant has never been recollected. By many authors it has been held to be the same as Thurberia thespesioides A, Gray, but that view is undoubtedly incorrect. 2. Gossypium davidsonii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 82. 1873. Southern Baja California and western Sonora. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 2.5 to 6.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, rarely shallowly trilobate; petals 3 to 3.5 cm. long, bright yellow, with purple claws; bractlets densely stellate-pubescent. Watt states that this is probably identical with G. klotzschianum Anderss., a native of the Galipagos Islands. 8. Gossypium harknessii T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. I. 2: 186. 1889. Ingenhouzia harknessii Rose, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 131: 54. 1908. Baja California; type from Santa Margarita Island. Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, forming dense rounded clumps; leaves reni- form or broadly cordate, 1.5 to 5 em. long, acute, deeply cordate at base, shallowly trilobate, glabrous except when very young; bractlets broadly ovate, acuminate; petals 2.5 to 8 cm. long, sulphur-yellow, with purple claws; fruit 8-celled, the cells 4-seeded. 4. Gossypium barbadense L. Sp. Pl. 693. 1753. Cultivated and sometimes growing wild; specimens seen from Veracruz, Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Baja California. Widely cultivated in warm regions. Plants herbaceous or often becoming fruticose; leaves 7 to 13 em. long, cordate at base, 3 or d-lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, ascending or spreading, glabrous or nearly so; bractlets free; petals pale yellow, tinged with purple, about 5.5 cm. long; seeds covered with long white cotton. This species includes most of the cultivated forms of sea-island and other long-staple cottons. 5. Gossypium lanceolatum Tod. Rel. Cult. Cot. 185. pl. 5, f. 1. 1877-78. Described from wild Mexican plants. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate-nerved; bracelets large, ovate, deeply cordate, deeply toothed above, exceeding the corolla. The plant is known only from the data afforded by the original description. 6. Gossypium palmerii Watt, Wild & Cult. Cotton 204. pl. 84. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub with dark red branches; leaves mostly trilobate but partly entire, the lobes narrowly oblong, long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; pedicels with 8 large glands at apex; bractlets with glands within at base; petals pale yellow; seeds covered with green fuzz and long white cotton. Gossypium fruticulosum Tod.? may be a form of the same species. It was described from Mexico. * DC. Prodr. 1: 474. 1824, ? Rel. Cult. Cot. 187. pl. 12, f. 8. 1877-78. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 785 7. Gossypium schottii Watt, Wild & Cult. Cotton 206. pl. 35. 1907. Yucatan; type from Mérida. Reported from Paraguay. Leaves usually 3 or 5-lobed, the lobes mostly oblong or narrowly oblong, long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, spreading; bractlets free; petals yellow, tinged with purple. “ Xchup” (Yucat&in, Maya). 8. Gossypium microcarpum Tod. Hort. Panorm. 1: 63. pl. 14. 1876. Described from plants believed to be of Mexican origin. The species has been found in cultivation in Peru, Brazil, Africa, and the Philippines. Lobes of the leaves ovate, acute; bractlets large, glabrous, deeply cordate; petals pale yellow, without purple spots; seeds with greenish or brownish fuzz and dirty-white coarse cotton. 9. Gossypium mexicanum Tod. Rel. Cult. Cot. 193. pl. 6. 1877-78. Cultivated in Mexico and probably growing also without cultivation. Widely cultivated in other regions. Plants shrubby; petioles and pedicels usually pilose at first; leaves 7 to 15 em. wide, the lobes broadly ovate; petals pale yellow or white, flushed with pink, scarcely exceeding the bractlets; seeds with ashy fuzz and dull white to reddish cotton. “ Ichcaxihuitl” (Nahuatl; “ wool-plant”). The plant is treated by Hernfindez’ in a chapter entitled ‘“ De Ychcarihuitl seu Gossypio.” 10. Gossypium hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 975. 17638. Cultivated in Mexico and growing without cultivation in many localities. Cultivated in many parts of the earth. Plants herbaceous or often woody, with reddish stems, the branches and leaves sparsely or densely hirsute; petals yellow or pale yellow, often purplish at base; capsule usually 4-celled. 19. THURBERIA A. Gray, Mem. Amer, Acad, n. ser. 5: 308, 1854. 1. Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 308. 1854. Gossypium thurberi Tod. Prodr. Gossyp. 7. 1878. Chihuahua, Sonora, and Jalisco; type collected near Cocospera and Ymuris, Sonora. Southern Arizona. Plants herbaceous or fruticose, 1 to 8 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves long-petiolate, the blades mostly 3-parted or deeply 3-lobate, the divisions lanceolate, entire, long-acuminate, gland-dotted ; flowers axillary or subcorym- bose; bractlets 3, longer than the truncate calyx; petals about 2.5 cm. long, white, turning purplish, black-dotted; capsule 3-celled, 12 to 20 mm. long; seeds woolly. ‘“ Algodoncillo” (Sonora). This plant has been referred erroneously by some authors to Ingenhouzia triloba DC.. 20. ERIOXYLUM Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911. Shrubs or trees; leaves long-petiolate, entire; flowers chiefly axillary, usually appearing before the leaves; bractlets 3, much shorter than the calyx; petals purple; capsule 3-celled, ovoid, covered with large black glands; seeds woolly. Calyx with 5 triangular acuminate lobes; pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long. 1. E, palmeri. Calyx obscurely repand-dentate ; pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long-------- 2. E. aridum. 1Thesaurus 308. 1651. 7808—23——_18 786 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Erioxylum palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 308. 1911. Cienfugosia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 308. 1895. Known only from Colima, the type locality. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, long- acuminate, subcordate at base, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent; petals 6 cm. long, minutely pubescent outside; capsule 2 to 2.5 cm. long. 2. Erioxylum aridum Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911. Sinaloa, in coastal thickets; type from Culiacfn. Slender shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; bark gray; leaves broadly ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse, rounded at base, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent; petals about 5 cm. long, nearly black within below the middle; capsule 2.5 cm. long. “Amapola.” The wood is sometimes used for fencing. The trunk is often 30 to 85 cm. in diameter. 96. BOMBACACEAE. Cotton-tree Family. Trees; leaves simple or digitately compound, deciduous; pubescence chiefly of stellate hairs; flowers small or large, often bracteolate; calyx 5-lobate or truncate or opening irregularly; petals 5; stamens 5 to many, the filaments free or united into a tube; fruit dry or fleshy, 2 to 5-celled, dehiscent or inde- hiscent ; seeds 2 to many in each cell. Leaves simple. Stamen tube short_______-_________-________ 1. HAMPEA. Stamen tube elongate_______--_____-____-___--__ 2. QUARARIBEA. Leaves digitately compound. Seeds winged; flowers in one-sided racemes___.________ 3. BERNOULLIA. Seeds not winged; flowers mostly solitary. Stamen tube dividing into 5 parts, each of these bearing several sessile anthers at the summit; trunk often spiny; leaflets often serrate. 4, CEIBA. Stamen tube dividing into many fascicles or filaments, the anthers borne on long filaments; trunk unarmed; leaflets entire. Seeds 1.5 cm. or more in diameter; flowers usually 20 cm. long or larger; stamen tube elongate, the fascicles repeatedly branched. 5. PACHIRA. Seeds 6 mm. or less in diameter; flowers usually less than 15 em. long; stamen tube short, the fascicles dividing into simple filaments. 6. BOMBAX. 1. HAMPEA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 371. 1837. Trees or shrubs; leaves long-petiolate, entire or shallowly trilobate; flowers on axillary pedicels, usually fasciculate; bractlets 3 or more, very small; calyx truncate or obscurely 5-lobate; capsule 3-celled, the cells few-seeded; funicle dilated into a large fleshy aril. Capsule densely villous within; calyx truneate____________ 1. H. integerrima. Capsule glabrous within or hairy only along the sutures. Capsule 1.5 cm. long, the cells about 3-seeded_______________ 2. H. trilobata. Capsule 3 em. long, the cells many-seeded_________________ 3. H. tomentosa. 1. Hampea integerrima Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 372. 1837. Veracruz; reported from Tabasco; type from Josocola, Veracruz. Central America. Small tree; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 10 to 22 cm. long, acute or acumi- nate, rounded or subcordate at base, entire, glabrous in age or nearly so: STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 787 flowers long-pedicellate; calyx and corolla minutely stellate-tomentulose out- side; bractlets 8, caducous; petals nearly 2 cm. long, whitish ; capsule about 1.5 cm. long. “Jonote blanco” (Veracruz, Seler); “ majagua” (Tabasco, Rovi- rosa). 2. Hampea trilobata Standl., sp. nov. Yucatéin and Campeche; type from Apazote, Campeche (Goldman 488; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 396850). Leaves 8 to 13 em. long, 7 to 9.5 cm. wide, rounded or subcordate at base, with 3 very short, triangular, acute or obtuse lobes near the apex, glabrate above, minutely stellate-pubescent beneath; calyx 5 mm. long, stellate-tomen- tulose, the lobes ovate-oval, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube; bractlets 3; capsule finely tomentose outside, glabrous within except along the sutures. The type specimen consists of a fruiting branch. A flowering specimen from Izamal, Yucatén (Gaumer 845) is probably conspecific, but it has more copious and looser pubescence. The petals are about 13 mm. long. 3. Hampea tomentosa (Presl) Standl. Thespesia tomentosa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 136. 1836. Oaxaca; type from western Mexico. Leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 8 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, some- times shallowly trilobate, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, densely so beneath, in age sometimes glabrate; calyx lobes oval-ovate, obtuse, shorter than the tube, the calyx with 3 large dark glands at base; bractlets 3 to 6, caducous; petals white (?), about 1.5 cm. long. Specimens collected recently in Oaxaca by Conzatti and by Reko agree well with Presl’s description of Thespesia tomentosa, but they appear referable rather to Hampea. Presl’s species was based upon flowering specimens. 2. QUARARIBEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 691. 1775. Trees or shrubs; leaves entire or nearly so, pinnate-nerved; peduncles 1- flowered, solitary opposite the leaves; calyx tubular-obconic, 3 to 5-dentate; petals narrow, white; stamen column elongate, antheriferous at the apex; fruit 2-celled, hard, indehiscent, sometimes by abortion 1-celled. The dried plants have the odor of slippery elm (Ulmus fulva Michx.). Leaves conspicuously barbate beneath in the axils of the veins___1. Q. funebris. Leaves not barbate beneath_____-------------------------------- 2. Q. fieldii. 1. Quararibea funebris (Llave) Standl. Lerarza’ funebris Llave; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 12. 1825. 1 Juan José Martinez de Lexarza was born at Valladolid (now Morelia) in 1785. At the age of 12 he became a student in the Colegio de Mineria in the City of Mexico and later graduated with great distinction, his synodic being no less a person than Humboldt. He was unable to continue his mineralogical studies, and returned to Michoacfn, where he became a member of the provin- cial militia and rose to the rank of first captain. He made the acquaintance of La Llave, who was established at the Cathedral of Morelia, and that distin- guished naturalist interested him in botany. In 1824-25 they published jointly descriptions of a number of new genera of Mexican plants and various species of orchids. Lexarza became an enthusiastic student of orchids, and devised a special classification for them, based upon seed and pollen characters. He ex- plored various regions of Mexico, and promised to become one of the accom- plished botanists of his day, but his great industry proved his undoing and he died in 1824. 788 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Myrodia funebris Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 115. 1862. Reported from Oaxaca and Veracruz; originally described from Izficar, Puebla. Guatemala and El Salvador. Tree, often 20 meters high, with broad dense crown; leaves oval or elliptic, short-petiolate, 13 to 40 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, rounded at base, glab- rous except for the tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins beneath; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx .bracteolate, tomentulose; petals pure white, linear- oblong, the slender claws as long as the calyx; stamen tube twice as long as the calyx; fruit subglobose. “ Cacahuaxochitl,” “cacaoxochitl,” “ flor de cacao,” “madre de cacao,” “rosa de cacao.” In connection with the original description of the genus Lerarza, La Llave’ gives the following account of the tree: “The President of the Republic, Guada- lupe Victoria, while on a military expedition to the southern region, between Oaxaca and Angelopolis, passing through Iztear and admiring the funereal Majesty of Lerarza, had sent to me a branch with flowers and fruit, that a description might be drawn of it; afterward my colleague, Doctor José Ignacio Luna, sent a drawing of the tree, with accurate measurements, adding the information that to the splendid shelter formed by the lower branches of the tree, the primitive inhabitants were wont to come to mourn their dead, He stated also that flowers were added to the pozonque (a cold drink made of cacao) which they use at weddings and festivals, to give flavor to it, for which reason, perhaps, the tree is given the vernacular name of cacahoarochitl, which may be rendered into Spanish as flor de cacao, According to the same authority, no other tree of the same sort is found at Iztcar or elsewhere in the region, but Doctor Miguel Valentin, of Huamantla, no mean student of natural history, after reading the description of the tree, assured me that when he was making a journey through the Mixteca he observed trees similar to this.” In Costa Rica the young shoots of some species (known as “ garrocho” and “molenillo”), which develop their branches, like cacao, in whorls of 5, are used to make “ molenillos,” the utensils with which chocolate is beaten to a froth, 2. Quararibea fieldii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 309. 1898. Yucatan; type from Hacienda de Chabenché. Leaves oblong-obovate, 15 to 30 cm. long, acute, obtuse or broadly cuneate at base, glabrous; flowers subsessile; calyx 2.5 cm. long, tomentulose; petals *Don Pablo de La Llave was born in the city of Cérdoba, Mexico, in 1778. He was educated in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, in that city, and later gave courses in philosophy in the same institution, He pursued ecclesiastical studies and received the degree of doctor of theology when he was scarcely 19 years of age. In 1801 he went to Spain to continue his studies, this course being necessary. during the Spanish domination, since at that time the offices of the church were given only to those who had been born in Spain or educated there. He became deeply interested in natural history, especially botany, and was finally appointed director of the botanical garden at Madrid. He took an interest in political affairs, also, and in 1812 was elected a deputy of the Cortés. In 1823 he returned to Mexico, and was appointed Minister of Justice and Ecclesiastical Affairs, a position which he filled until 1825. In 1830 he was president of the Senate chamber. La Llave died in 1833. He published numerous biographical and patriotic papers and treatises upon natural science. He was associate author, with Lexarza, of the Novorum Vegetabilium Descrip- tiones, published in 1824-25. He described several new genera of plants, most of which were dedicated to the heroes of the Mexican war of independence. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 789 nearly twice as long as the calyx, 6 to 8 mm. wide; fruit ovoid, 3 cm. long, tomentose. ‘ Maha.” The flowers are employed to flavor chocolate. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, MYRODIA VERTICILLARIS DC. Prodr. 1: 447. 1824. Described from Mexico, the description based upon a plate by Sessé and Mocifio.” The illustration suggests Quararibea turbinata (Swartz) Poir., a species of South America and the West Indies, which has been reported from Mexico, 3. BERNOULLIA’ Oliver in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 62. 1873. 1. Bernoullia flammea Oliver in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 62. pl. 1169, 1170. 1878. Oaxaca. Type from “Costa Grande,” Guatemala. Tree, sometimes 40 meters high, with broad crown; leaflets usually 5 or 6, oblong-oblanceolate, petiolulate, 10 to 22 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; whole inflorescence bright red, obscurely puberulent; calyx 1 cm. long, shallowly bilobate; petals recurved; stamen tube long-exserted, the anthers clustered at the apex; fruit brown, ellipsoid, 20 cm. long, glabrous within; seeds (including the long wing) about 5 cm, long. “ Palo calabaza,” “ palo de perdiz” (Oaxaca). The wood is described as soft and spongy. 4, CEIBA Medic. Malvenfam. 15. 1787. \ Trees, often very large, the trunk and branches often armed with spines; leaves digitate, the leaflets 5 to 7, usually serrate; peduncles axillary, 1-flow- ered, the flowers large or small; calyx truncate or 5-lobate; petals oblong or linear-oblong, hairy outside; stamen tube short, dividing into 5 long branches, each of these bearing a few crowded anthers at the apex; capsule woody, 5- celled, densely lanate within, the seeds small. The species of Ceiba (of which Hriodendron is a synonym), Pachira, and Bombaz have been much confused in Mexican literature and in botanical pub- lications in general, The following Mexican names are reported for plants whose identity is doubtful, although they belong to one of these three genera: “ Bscobetilla,” “pitén” (Morelos); “thura” (Michoacin, Tarascan) ; “ kuy- ché” (Yucatin, Maya); “tumbile” (Michoacéin); “ yaga-xeni” (Oaxaca, Zapotec). The trees of this group are well known in Mexico as well as elsewhere in tropical America, particularly because of their large size, broad crowns, and extensive buttresses. One of the earliest references to the ceiba trees in Mexican literature is by Bernal Dfaz del Castillo who, in his True History of the Conquest of Mexico, relates how, in 1519, in the Indian town of Tabasco on the Rio de Grijalva, after having defeated the natives in battle, Cortés took possession of the country in the King’s name by drawing his sword and making three cuts in a great ceiba tree which stood in the central plaza of the town. Later Diaz states that on Palm Sunday “a cross was made in a large ceiba tree on the spot where the battle was fought, in order to afford a long memorial thereof, for this tree has the quality of preserving scars on its bark.” Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. XI) gives an interesting account of the ceiba or cotton trees, as follows: “In the chapters in which I treated of the oak and mahogany I spoke of their size, and on the mainland there are many such 1DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 99. 2 Named for G. Bernoulli, a native of Switzerland, who resided for some time in Guatemala, where he made botanical collections. 790 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL+ HERBARIUM. trees and others still larger. If I should speak of these things without hav- ing seen them I should be afraid to mention them; for it is the custom of fault-finders not to content themselves with repudiating those things which in themselves are doubtful, but to contradict things that are publicly known. But since I know that I speak the truth, it does not bother me if the ignorant revile me, for barking dogs do not bite. I may say then that at a league’s distance from the city of Darién, otherwise known as Santa Marfa del An- tigua, runs a very wide and deep river called Cut. Before the Christians took possession of that country, the Indians had thrown down a stout tree which crossed that river from bank to bank; it was in a place where we were constantly crossing to go to our mines and plantations. The tree was very long and thick, but it had been there for some time and had sunk in the ‘middle, Although we passed along the upper side, there was one stretch where the water came to the knees, and every year it lowered a little more, because the stream wore away the banks on which the trunk rested. Wherefore in the year 1522, when I was magistrate and captain in that city, I had another tree growing on the bank thrown across the stream a few paces below. When cut down it stretched clear across the river, and 50 feet besides; and the river was more than 100 feet wide. This tree where it was thickest was 16 palms or more in diameter. * * * In comparison with many other trees in the region, this was a small one.” * * * “Tn Hispaniola there was a tree, eight leagues from this city, where it had the name of the drbol gordo, of which I have often heard the Admiral Don Diego Colon speak, and I have heard him say that he and fourteen other men, taking hold of hands, could not reach around it. * * * To me this is not remarkable, remem- bering still larger ceyba trees that I have seen on the mainland. In the province of Nicaragua are the largest trees I have yet seen, which greatly surpass those I have mentioned; I shall speak only of a ceyba which I saw many times, less than half a league from the residence of the Cacique of Thecoatega, beside a river of the town of the Cacique of Guacama, which belongs to the grant of a man called Miguel Lucas, or his companions Fran- cisco Niflez and Luis Farfin. This tree I measured with my own hands by a cabuya cord, and found its circumference at the base to be 33 varas, or 132 spans [88 feet]; and since it stood on the bank of a river it was not possible to measure the lowest portion of the roots; if properly measured, I judge its circumference would have been 36 varas or 144 spans [96 feet]. This had the thickest trunk of all the trees I have seen. The wood of the ceyba trees is spongy, easily cut, and light, and the tree is unimportant except for two things: One is its wool and the other its vast shade, for the branches are very wide-spreading, and the shade is wholesome, not oppressive like that of other trees of the Indies, which is notoriously harmful. * * * The wool is short and I do not believe it could be spun; but for pillows and cushions it is unique in its softness, and no feathers, wool, or cotton equal it; but if wet it forms into balls and is spoiled. * * * ‘The Indians of Nicaragua have places set aside for the tiangiiee or market, and there they have two, three, or four of these ceyba trees for shade, which are sufficient to shelter one to two thousand people. * * * In the province of Nicaragua this tree ig called porot, and in other places it has other names.” Flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. long. Leaflets glabrous, even when voung. 1. ©. pentandra. Flowers 8 to 15 cm. long or larger. Leaflets 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, usually rounded or very obtuse at apex and muc- ronate_--__------ 2. C. parvifolia. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 791 Leaflets usually much larger, mostly acuminate. Mature leaflets copiously stellate-tomentose beneath; young branches mostly unarmed_-_--------------------------------- 3. C. acuminata. Mature leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so, the pubescence, if any, chiefly of simple hairs; young branches usually very prickly. 4, C. aesculifolia. 1. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem, 2: 244. 1791. Bomba pentandrum L. Sp. Pl. 511. 1753. Ceiba casearia Medic. Malvenfam. 16. 1787. Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Prodr. 1: 479, 1824. _Eriodendron occidentale Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 513. 1831. Sonora (cultivated), Tepic, Guerrero, Yucatan, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. Widely distributed in tropical America, Asia, and Africa. Large tree, sometimes 40 meters high, with spreading crown; trunk often with large buttresses at base, the bark gray or green, smooth but covered with large conical spines; leaflets 5 to 7, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate-oblong, 8 to 20 cm. long, acuminate; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long; flowers white or pink ; petals silky-hairy outside ; fruit elliptic-oblong, 10 to 12 cm. long, the brown seeds imbedded in the silky ‘“ cotton.” “Ceiba,” “ceibo” (Yucatin, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Cuba); “ yaxché,” “niim,” “peem” (Yucatin, Maya) ; “nochote” (Jalisco, Veracruz) ; ‘ &arbol de algodén” (Veracruz, Morelos) ; “ pochote,” “ pochotl,” “ pochotle” (Vera- cruz, Campeche, etc.) ; “ cabellos de angel,” “ pitén,” “ xiloxochitl ” (Herrera) ; “ceibén” (Nicaragua). The usual English name is “ silk-cotton tree.” The tree grows very rapidly. The wood is white and soft, with a specific gravity of about 0.520. The trunks are often used for canoes, because the wood is so easily worked, and the wood is employed also for making packing boxes and matches. The most important product of the tree is the silky fiber enveloping the seeds, which is very fine, light, and elastic, and does not become matted under pressure. Large quanti- ties of it are exported from the East Indies and West Africa under the names “kapok,” “ kapoc,” and “ kapok fiber.” It is employed for stuffing mattresses, pillows, life preservers, and other articles. The silk is employed locally in Mexico and is exported in small quantities. It is said to be worth about $1.50 (silver) per kilogram. The silk has been used in England for making beaver hats. The seeds yield an oil used for illumination and for the manufacture of soap. The buttresses at the base of the trunk are often very wide and so thin that they are sawed into large pieces to be used as doors for native houses. The leaves are reported to be cooked and eaten at times. The large flowers are eaten by stock as they fall to the ground. The bark is applied to wounds, and taken internally it is reputed to have emetic, diuretic, and antispasmodic properties. For illustrations of C. pentandra see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 24; 9: pl. 42. 2. Ceiba parvifolia Rose, Contr U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 320. 1905. Guerrero to Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Matamoros, Puebla. Small or medium-sized tree, the young branches usually armed with stout prickles; leaflets 5 or 6, obovate-elliptic or rounded-obovate, often long-petiolu< late, stellate-tomentose or in age glabrate; calyx 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; petals about 13 cm. long, covered outside with yellow hairs; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, & cm. long. 792 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Ceiba acuminata (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 8: 320. 1905. Hriodendron acuminatum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 418. 1886. Eriodendron tomentosum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad, 29: 314, 1894, Ceiba tomentosa Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For, 34: 175. 1896, Baja California and Sonora to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, and probably southward to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua. Large or medium-sized tree, the greenish trunk covered with large conic spines ; leaflets usually 7, lance-elliptic or oblanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long, cuspi- date-acuminate, thin, sharply serrate; calyx 3 to 4 em. long, tomentose or glabrous; petals 10 to 14 em. long. densely covered outside with yellow hairs; fruit very thick and hard, 15 to 18 cm. long, the “ cotton” brownish or nearly white. “Ceiba” (Tamaulipas) ; “ pochote ” (Sinaloa, Chihuahua). A flowering specimen from Chiapas, which probably belongs here, is accom- panied by the vernacular name “ mosmote.” The cotton is used for stuffing pillows and for candlewicks. Hartman reports that the fleshy roots are eaten, EKriodendron tomentosum is a form with tomentose calyx, but this character appears to be variable and to be merely a matter of degree. 4. Ceiba aesculifolia (H. B. K.) Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34: 175. 1896. Bomba aesculifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 298. 1821, Hriodendron aesculifolium DC. Prodr. 1: 479. 1824. Ceiba grandiflora Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 308. 1895. Ceiba schottii Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34: 173. 1896. Ceiba pallida Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 320, 1905. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Oaxaca, Yucatan, and Querétaro; type from Campeche. Guatemala. Large or medium-sized tree, the trunk armed with stout conic spines; leaflets 5 to 7, elliptic, obovate, or oblanceolate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acuminate or cus- pidate-acuminate, serrate or rarely entire, usually glaucescent beneath; calyx 2 to 4 cm. long, glabrous, often glaucous; petals 10 to 16 em. long, yellow- hairy outside; fruit ellipsoid-oblong, 12 to 18 em. long, the “ cotton” brownish or white. “ Pochote” ( Oaxaca, Yucatfn, Morelos, Colima, Guerrero, Sinaloa) ; “pochotl” (Nahuatl) ; “ piim,” “ yaxché ” (Yucatéin, Maya) ; “ ceiba,” “ ceibo ” (Morelos, Yucatéin, Guatemala, etec., a name probably of Carib origin). The flowers are white at first but turn brown in age. The species is slightly variable, but none of the forms appear worthy of specific rank; indeed, it is rather doubtful whether (. acuminata is really a distinct species. 5. PACHIRA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 725. 1775. Large trees; leaves digitate, the leaflets 3 to 9, entire; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; calyx truncate; petals linear or linear-oblong, more than 15 em. long; stamen tube 4.5 to 10 cm. long, the fascicles of stamens repeatedly branched; fruit large and woody, 5-valvate, naked within; seeds 1.5 cm. or more in diameter. Petals 18 to.19 cm. long; stamen tube 4.5 cm. long______ 1. P. macrocarpa. Petals 23 to 30 em. long; stamen tube 6 to 10 em. long_______ | 2. P. aquatica. 1. Pachira macrocarpa (Schlecht. & Cham.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 329. 1842, Carolinea macrocarpa Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 423, 1831. Pachira longifolia Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4549. 1850. Veracruz and Oaxaca; reported from Tabasco; type from Papantla and Te- colutla, Veracruz. Central America. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 793 Large tree with rounded crown; leaflets 6 to 8, elliptic-oblong or obovate- oblong, 8 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, coriaceous, glabrous ; calyx 1.5 cm. long, minutely tomentulose; petals 7 to 11 mm. wide, minutely tomentulose outside; stamens purplish; fruit subglobose. “ Apompo,” “ zapote reventador ” (Veracruz) ; “sapot6én” or “ zapotén ” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “ pumpum- juche” (El Salvador). The fruit is said to be as large as a coconut. The tree usually grows along river banks. The seeds fall into the water, where they germinate and float about with expanded cotyledons until they reach the bank and take root. The leaves and flowers are said to be employed to relieve inflammation of the eyes, and the seeds to be employed as a substitute for cacao. Pachira longifolia appears to be intended as a new name for P. macrocarpa, put the plant illustrated is probably P. aquatica, For illustrations of P. macro- carpa see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pl. 68, 69. 2. Pachira aquatica Aubl. Pl. Guian. 725. pl. 291, 292. 1775. Carolinea princeps L. f. Suppl. Pl. 314. 1781. Veracruz and probably elsewhere; reported from Tabasco and Chiapas, Central and South America; type from French Guiana. Large or small tree; leaflets 5 to 7, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 8 to 20 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long; petals 10 to 15 mm. wide, greenish and tomentulose outside, yellowish within; fruit ovoid, 10 to 30 cm. long. “Zapote bobo” (Tabasco, Ramirez) ; “ zapote de agua” (Chiapas, Rovirosa) ; “ ceibén de agua,” “ ceib6n de arroyo,” “ castafio silvestre” (Cuba). The tree is said to be known in British Honduras as “ provision-tree.” The large seeds are often eaten, usually after having been roasted, and it is said that in the Guianas the young leaves are sometimes cooked and eaten. Here is to be referred Hemsley’s report of P. insignis Savigny, a Brazilian plant. Hemsley also reports P. minor (Sims) Hemsl. from Mexico, but the original illustration’ of that species is unlike any Mexican plant of which the writer has seen specimens. For illustrations of P. aquatica see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 18: pl. 70, 71. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. PACHIRA AUREA Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 23: 47. 1880. Type from Xochicalco. 6. BOMBAX L, Sp. Pl. 511. 1753. Large trees, unarmed; leaflets usually 5, entire; peduncles axillary, solitary or fasciculate, 1-flowered; calyx truncate; petals oblong-linear, usually less than 15 em. long; stamen tube very short, the filaments simple and all rising directly from it; fruit a 5-celled woody capsule, densely lanate within; seeds small, buried in the wool or “ cotton.” Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, at least in age_-_------- 1. B. ellipticum. Leaves tomentose beneath, even in age---_.--------------------- 2. B. palmeri. 1. Bombax ellipticum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 299. 1821. Carolinea fastuosa DC Prodr. 1: 478. 1824. Bombax mexicanum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878. Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Oaxaca; type from Chil- pancingo, Guerrero. Guatemala. — 1Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 34: pl. 1412. 1811. 794 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Large unarmed tree with smooth, green or gray bark; leaflets petiolulate, elliptic, oval, or obovate-elliptic, 10 to 24 cm. long, usually broadly rounded at apex, thinly tomentose when young but in age nearly glabrous, thin; calyx about 1.5 cm. long, commonly with 10 glands at base; petals 7 to 13 cm. long, purplish; stamens pink or white; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 10 cm. long, the “cotton” dirty white. “Amapola,” “amapola blanca,” “ amapola colorada ” (Yucatéin) ; “xcunché” (Yucatin, Maya); “ xiloxochitl ” (Nahuatl, “ corn- silk flower,” from the resemblance of the stamens to corn silk); “ ceiba” (Veracruz, Guerrero) ; “ chilochuchi,” “ chicochuchi ” (corruptions of the Na- huatl name); “itztamatl,” “ titilamatl ” (Guerrero, Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ pochote,” ‘ pochotl” (Mexico) ; “ xanacol,” “ xihuicxan ” (Veracruz) ; “ yaco de la costa,” “cabellos de angel,” “ coquito,” “disciplina,” “ jiquique,” “ lele,” “ pongolote,” “tiata” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ clavellina ” (Guerrero) ; “ doncella ” (Guatemala) ; “ chicochuchi ” (Conzatti). The tree blooms when leafless. The handsome flowers are often gathered for decorations in churches and for similar purposes, and they were esteemed by the Mexicans as one of their most beautiful flowers. The decoction of the bark and root is used as a remedy for toothache and to harden the gums. This is probably the tree illustrated by Hernfndez’* and described in a chap- ter entitled “De Xiloxochitl, Flore Capillaceo.” He states that the bark was highly valued as a remedy for ulcers, and for its diuretic properties. Bomba ellipticum has been reported from Yucatéin as Pachira fastuosa Decaisne and P. alba (Lodd.) Walp., and Mexican reports of Bombaz ceiba L., an Old World species, are probably referable here. Hemsley gives no reasons for his segregation of B. mexicanum. The numerous specimens seen by the writer exhibit some variation, especially in the size of the flowers, but all (in- cluding some from the type locality of B. mexicanum) appear to be conspecific. 2. Bombax palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 399. 1887. Sonora to Jalisco; type from the barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Tree, 8 to 10 meters high or larger, the trunk 60 to 70 em. in diameter, covered with smooth green bark; leaflets nearly sessile, obovate to nearly orbicular, mostly 10 to 25 em. long, rounded to acute at apex but usually apiculate, tomentose on both surfaces when young but glabrate above in age; petals 10 to 17 cm. long, whitish-tomentulose outside; stamens pink or purplish; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 10 to 12 em. long, the “ cotton” brownish. “ Cuajilote,” “ guajilote,” “clavellina ” (Sinaloa) ; “clavellina de la barranca ” (Jalisco), The tree flowers when leafless. The burned and powdered bark is applied to wounds. f EXCLUDED GENUS. MontEezuMA DC, Prodr. 1: 477, 1824. The single species, M. speciosissima DC., was based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings. No similar plant has been found among recent Mexican collections, and it appears that Montezuma is the Porto Rican plant, Thespesia grandiflora DC., which was made the type of a new genus, Maga, by Urban.” 97. STERCULIACEAE. Cacao Family. Trees, shrubs, or herbs, sometimes scandent, the pubescence chiefly stellate; leaves alternate, simple or rarely compound, stipulate; flowers small or large, chiefly in cymes, usually perfect, regular or sometimes zygomorphic; calyx *Thesaurus 68. 1651, *Symb, Antill. 7: 281. 1912. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 795 gamosepalous, usually 5-parted; petals 5 or none, free or united with the stamen tube; stamens connate, at least at base, the tube usually with 5 staminodia, the anthers borne in the sinuses; fruit dry or rarely baccate, usually 5-celled, variously dehiscent. The genus Brotera Cav. was originally described from Mexico, but incor- rectly, or else it was based upon a cultivated plant. The name is considered a synonym of Melhania Forsk. and the species described by Cavanilles is an African one. Flowers unisexual; fruit of distinct carpels; leaves simple and deeply lobed or often compound —-------- oe ee eee en eee ee 1. STERCULIA. Flowers perfect; fruit not of distinct carpels; leaves simple, rarely lobed. Petals none. Leaves lobed. Flowers zygomorphic; anthers sessile-------- 2, CHIRANTHODENDRON, Flowers regular; anthers on long filaments___.3. FREMONTODENDRON. Petals present. Androgynophore very long, in age equaling or longer than the fruit; carpels often spirally twisted ~--------------------------- 4, HELICTERES. Androgynophore short, always shorter than the fruit; carpels never twisted. Petals flat; anthers 5. Seeds numerous in each cell___------------------- 5, HERMANNIA. Seeds 2 in each cell or, by abortion, only 1. Capsule 1-celled __---------------------------- 6. WALTHERIA. Capsule 5-celled. Staminodia present; calyx in fruit 1.5 to 4 cm. long. Staminodia none; calyx in fruit 1 cm. long or less. 8.MELOCHIA. Petals concave or cucullate; anthers 5 to 15. Anthers 2 or more in each sinus of the stamen tube. Blade of the petal entire; fruit not muricate__-—- 9. THEOBROMA. Blade of the petal deeply bifid; fruit muricate_----- 10. GUAZUMA. Anthers 1 in each sinus. Petals free from the stamen tube_------- 11. NEPHROPETALUM. Petals united at the apex with the stamen tube. Petals naked on the back or furnished with a gland; plants un- armed, never scandent__-------~-------------- 12. AYENTIA. Petals produced dorsally into a ligulate blade; plants often prickly and scandent -- _-13. BUETTNERIA. 1, STERCULIA L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753. Trees; leaves simple and lobate or digitately compound; flowers unisexual or polygamous, paniculate, usually axillary; calyx 5-lobate, commonly colored and corolla-like; petals none; stamen column with usually 15 anthers at the apex; fruit 5-carpellate, the carpels distinct, spreading, woody, dehiscent along the inner side; seeds 1 to many in each carpel, large. Leaves simple, palmately lobed__------------------------------ 1. S. apetala. Leaves digitately compound__-_------~----------------------- 2. S. mexicana. 1. Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 35. 1869. Helicteres apetala Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 238, pl. 181. 1763. Sterculia carthaginensis Cav. Monad. Diss. 353. 1790. Sterculia punctata DC. Prodr. 1: 483. 1824. Chichaea acerifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 141. 1836. Sterculia acerifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 126. 1879. 796 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Chiapas, Tabasco, and Yucatan, and probably elsewhere. West Indies, Cen- tral America, and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Tree, 12 to 15 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, 5-lobate, 15 to 30 em. broad or larger, deeply cordate at base, glabrate above, stellate-tomentose be- neath when young but often glabrate in age, the lobes rounded to acutish at apex, entire; panicles longer or shorter than the petioles, many-flowered, the calyx open-campanulate, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, yellow spotted with purple; carpels of the fruit 10 em. long, tomentulose, hispid within; seeds oval, about 2 cm. long, castaneous. “ Bellota” (Tabasco); “ castafias” (the seeds; Tabasco) ; “castafio” (Guatemala, Honduras); “Panami” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ; “camajén duro” (Colombia); “camaruca” (Cuba); “anacagiiitas” (Porto Rico). The plant is employed locally for catarrhal and pectoral affections. For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 56. 2. Sterculia mexicana R. Br. in Horsf. Pl. Jav. Rar. 227. 1839-52. Chiapas and Tabasco; type from Chiapas. Leaves long-petiolate ; leaflets 7 to 9, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 30 em. long, acute or acuminate, petiolulate, sparsely stellate-pubescent at first but soon glabrate, pinnate-nerved; panicles about 30 cm. long, many-flowered; calyx 2 cm. broad, lobed nearly to the base, densly pubescent. EXCLUDED SPECIES. STERCULIA OBLONGIFOLIA DC. Prodr, 1: 482. 1824. Described from Mexico, the description based upon one of Sessé and Mociiio’s drawings. According to Hors- field and Bennett, this is Cola acuminata (Beauy.) Horsf. & Benn., the cola nut, an African tree which is cultivated in tropical America. The writer has seen specimens from Jamaica and Costa Rica but none from Mexico. 2. CHIRANTHODENDRON Larreategui, Deser. Chiranthod. 17. 1805. The genus consists of a single species. 1, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreategui, Descr. Chiranthod. 17. 1805. Cheirostemon platanoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 82. pl. 24. 1808. Chiranthodendron platanoides Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 69, 1873. Mountains of Oaxaca, and often cultivated elsewhere. Guatemala. Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, the trunk often 40 em. in diameter; leaves long- petiolate, 12 to 30 cm. long, acutish to acuminate, deeply cordate at base, irregu- larly and shallowly 3 to 7-lobate or nearly entire, glabrate above, stellate- tomentose beneath; peduncles short, 1-flowered, opposite the leaves; calyx campanulate, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, deeply 5-lobate, green, streaked with red, with a large pit inside at the base of each lobe; petals none; stamen column elongate, dividing into usually 5 branches, these linear, simulating long 2-celled anthers; capsule narrow, about 15 em. long, deeply sulcate, loculicidally 5- valvate, hispid within; seeds small, black and shining, with a fleshy appendage at the hilum. “ MapasGchil” (the flower; from the Nahuatl, macpal-zochitl, “ hand-flower ”’) ; “ macpalxochicuahuitl ” (the tree; Nahuatl); “Arbol de las manitas,” “flor de manitas,” “manita de le6n,” “mano de le6n” (Mexico) ; “teyaqua” (Michoacin, Leén); “palo de tayuyo,” “mano de mico” (Guate- mala). The hand-flower tree is one of the most celebrated of Mexican plants, and was well known to the early inhabitants. It is restricted in its distribution, and for a long time the only tree known to the residents of the Valley of Mexico was one growing at Toluca. Even long after the Conquest this was believed STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 797 to be the only tree of its kind, except for its progeny planted elsewhere in the valley. The stamens bear a striking resemblance to a hand and wrist with outspread fingers, and because of the remarkable form of the flowers the tree was viewed with veneration. Trees of this species are of frequent occurrence in the gardens of the City of Mexico and elsewhere. The tree is figured by Hernindez* under the name “ Macpalxochi Quahuitl,” but without description. Cervantes reports that the infusion of the flowers was employed by the Indians of Toluca as a remedy for inflammation of the eyes and for hemorrhoids.’ 3. FREMONTODENDRON Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 4: 74. 1893. 1. Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson, Bull. South. Calif. Acad. 16: 50. 1917. Fremontia mexicana Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 14. 1918. Mountains and foothills of Baja California; described from a cultivated plant, from Ensenada. Southern California. Shrub or small tree with red-brown branches; leaves long-petiolate, palmately 3 or 5-lobate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long; deeply cordate at base, green above, sparsely stellate-pubescent, whitish or yellowish beneath and covered with a dense close stellate tomentum, the lobes rounded, sometimes again lobate; flowers solitary, opposite the leaves, on short peduncles; calyx open-campanulate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, corolla-like, yellow tinged with red, stellate-pubescent, the lobes rounded and apiculate, each with a large glabrous gland at base; petals none; capsule 4 or 5-valvate, densely hairy. Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville is distinguished from F. mexicanum by the densely hairy glands at the base of the calyx. It has hard close-grained red-brown wood, with a specific gravity of about 0.71. In Cali- fornia the tree is sometimes known as slippery elm, because of the resemblance of its inner bark to that of Ulmus fulva. The genus is named for Col. John Charles Frémont, one of the earliest explorers of the western United States. 4, HELICTERES L. Sp. Pl. 963. 1753. Trees or shrubs, with stellate pubescence; leaves serrate; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate; calyx tubular, 5-dentate; petals 5, equal or unequal, clawed; stamen column elongate, truncate or 5-lobate at apex, each sinus with 1 or 2 anthers; fruit long-stipitate, composed of 5 many-seeded carpels, these straight or usually spirally twisted. The bark yields a good quality of fiber, suitable for cordage and paper. The plants are mucilaginous and have emollient properties. In Brazil the roots have been used as a remedy for syphilitic affections. Flowers erect, regular or nearly so; fruit erect on its stipe and pedicel. 1. H. guazumaefolia. Flowers horizontal, zygomorphic; fruit recurved or pendent. Carpels spirally twisted; leaves tomentose beneath__------ 2. H. baruensis. Carpels straight ; leaves glabrate beneath_________-------------- 3. H. rekoi. 1. Helicteres guazumaefolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 304, 1821. Helicteres mexicana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 305 1821. Helicteres carpinifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 138. 1836. 1Thesaurus 383, 459. 1651. 1See Mariano Bircena, El frbol de manitas, Naturaleza 3: 114-117. 1876. 798 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz. Cuba, Central America, and South America; type from the Orinoco River. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, often nearly sessile, oblong- ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or sub- cordate at base, dentate, finely or coarsely stellate-pubescent; calyx 1.5 to 2.2 em, long, hirsute or finely stellate-pubescent; petals spatulate, red, longer than the calyx; gynophore long-exserted; fruit 2 to 3 em. long, about 8 mm. thick, finely stellate-pubescent. “ Majagiiilla” (Veracruz, Ramirez); “ tornillo’” (Veracruz); ‘“monacillo colorado” (Oaxaca); ‘“ sacatrapo” (Tabasco) ; “capitanejo” (Michoacfn, Guerrero); “palo de capulin” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; “ rabo de puerco” (Costa Rica) ; “cola de chancho” ( Nicaragua) ; “monecillo” (Guatemala); “ guaécimo torcido,” “guacimillo,” “ torcidillo ” (Panama) ; “ guacimilla” (Sinaloa). This, apparently, is the species reported by Sessé and Mocifio’? as H. tsora L. 2. Helicteres baruensis Jacq. Enum. Pl, Carib. 30. 1760. Helicteres mollis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 139. 1836. Guerrero and Yucatan, and doubtless elsewhere. Central America and north- ern South America; type from Baru Island. Shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval-ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse or acute, cordate at base, pale-tomentose beneath, denticulate; flowers numerous; calyx about 3 cm. long; petals red, linear, 4 cm, long; fruit 4 to 5 em. long, fulvous-tomentose, the gynophore 8 to 12 cm. long, curved. This is related to H. jamaicensis Jacq., which is known in Porto Rico as “cuernecillo,” “ huevo de gato,” and “ gato.” 3. Helicteres rekoi Standl., Sp. nov. Type from Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 100 meters (Reko 3443; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842527). Branches slender, minutely stellate-pubescent; petioles slender, 2 to 3 em. long; leaf blades broadly ovate, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 8 to 15 cm. long, acute or abruptly acute, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate, thin, green, nearly glabrous above, with scattered stellate hairs beneath; calyx 2.5 em. long, muricate, minutely Stellate-tomentulose, the lobes triangular, 6 to 7 mm. long; petals oblanceolate, 4 cm. long; fruit about 7 cm. long, recurved, the carpels straight, minutely Stellate-tomentulose; gynophore 5.5 to 7 em. long, glabrous. 5. HERMANNIA I. Sp. Pl. 673, 1753. Low shrubs or herbs, with stellate pubescence; leaves dentate, the stipules. foliaceous ; flowers small, axillary; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, obovate, persistent ; stamens 5, connate at base; fruit a luculicidal 5-valvate capsule, the cells often. cristate dorsally. Calyx large, inflated, nearly covering the capsule__--- 1. H. inflata. Calyx small and inconspicuous, spreading at the base of the fruit. Anthers 5 mm. long, nearly sessile; spines on the angles of the capsule 3 to 4 mm. long._--------- 2. H. palmeri. Anthers 2 mm. long, on long filaments; spines of the fruit usually 2 mm. long or less. Flowers solitary in the axils....------- 3. H. pauciflora. Flowers in axillary cymes__----------- 4. H. texana. "Pl. Nov. Hisp, 157. 1887. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 799 1. Hermannia inflata Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 55. pl. 28. 1828. Puebla and Oaxaca. Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, densely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaves short-petiolate, rhombic-ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded at base, crenate-dentate; flowers subracemose, short-pedicellate, soli- tary in the upper axils; petals about 1 em. long; calyx in fruit 1 cm. long, purplish ; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long, densely hairy, the angles unarmed. 2. Hermannia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 67. 1890. Baja California; type from La Paz. Plants low, suffrutescent or herbaceous, densely stellate-pubescent and gland- ular-pubescent ; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 3 em. long, rhombic-ovate to rounded- cordate, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate-dentate; flowers solitary or cymose ; petals yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; anthers connivent; capsule 12 mm. long, the spines slender, glochidiate. 3, Hermannia pauciflora 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 368. 1882. Sonora. Southern Arizona, the type from the Santa Catalina Mountains. Plants low, herbaceous, or suffrutescent at base, rather thinly stellate-pu- bescent; leaves slender-petiolate, rhombic-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, dentate; pedicels slender; petals yellow, 8 mm. long; capsule 8 to 12 mm. long, thinly pubescent, the marginal spines very short. 4. Hermannia texana A. Gray, Gen, Fl. Amer, 2: 88. pl. 185, 1849. Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, densely stellate- pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate to rounded, usually rounded at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate or sinuate-dentate; petals dull red, 8 mm. long; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long, densely hairy. 6. WALTHERIA L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. REFERENCE: Rose, Synopsis of the North American species of Waltheria, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 183-185. 1899. Shrubs or herbs, sometimes small trees, the pubescence mostly stellate ; leaves serrate or dentate; flowers small, glomerate, the glomerules axillary, sessile or pedunculate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, persistent in fruit; stamens 5, the filaments wholly or partially connate; fruit a 1-seeded capsule. The only other Mexican species of the genus, W. operculata Rose, is an an- nual plant with broad stipules, the capsule opening by a lid. In the species listed below the stipules are linear and the capsule is loculicidally dehiscent. Leaves long-acuminate, acutely dentate, glabrous or nearly so. 1. W. acuminata. Leaves acute to rounded at apex, crenate or obtusely dentate. Leaves large, mostly 7 to 15 cm. long, distichous; large shrubs. Filaments united to the summit leaves broadly ovate__---- 2. W. brevipes. Filaments united only at base; leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong. . 3. W. glomerata. Leaves small, mostly 2 to 7 cm. long, not conspicuously if at all distichous; small shrubs or herbs. Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube. Petals much exceeding the calyx_------------------------ 4. W. preslii. Petals not exceeding the calyx. Leaves glabrous beneath in age; flowers in large panicles. 5. W. alamosana. 800 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves pubescent beneath in age; flowers in small dense clusters. Calyx 4 to 4.5 mm, long; leaves green beneath, thinly stellate-pubes- cent _. ae -- - _.._6. W. pringlei, Calyx G mm. long; leaves whitish beneath, densely stellate-tomentu- lose__----- ee 7. W. conzattii. Lobes of the calyx nearly or quite as long as the tube. Filaments united to form a tube.___--_______.__ 8. W. americana. Filaments free above. Leaves acute; petals purple__- _ -- ---9. W. hirsuta. Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex; petals yellow__10. W. acapulcensis, 1. Waltheria acuminata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 188. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Culiacin, Sinaloa. Slender shrub; leaves ovate-cordate, thin, green, 8 to 12 em. long, shal- lowly cordate at base, long-petiolate; flower clusters Short-pedunculate; calyx lobes half as long as the tube; filaments united to above the middle. 2. Waltheria brevipes Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 311: 213. 1858. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Costa Rica. Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, acute or obtuse, subcordate at base, rugose, finely stellatetomentulose, pale be neath; flower clusters large, dense, mostly sessile; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube. 3. Waltheria glomerata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 152. 1836. Veracruz. Panama (type locality). Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, acute, obtuse or rounded at base, rugose, finely Stellate-pubescent, pale beneath, at least when young, finely dentate; flower clusters large, sessile; calyx 6 mm. long, the lobes short; petals white, exserted. The leaves are said to be used in Panama as a hemostatic. 4. Waltheria preslii Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 340. 1842. Waltheria rotundifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk, 2: 151. 1836. Not W. rotundifolia Schrank, 1828, Known only from the vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero, the type locality. Stems suffrutescent, usually prostrate; leaves broadly ovate or rounded, long-petiolate, obtuse or rounded at apex, cordate at base, densely stellate- tomentose; flower clusters mostly pedunculate; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; petals yellow. 5. Waltheria alamosana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Alamos, Sonora (Rose, Standley € Russell 12714; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 635525). Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches dark reddish brown, very minutely and sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate, 8 to 6 cm. long, long- petiolate, obtuse to acuminate, cordate or subcordate at base, coarsely crenate, when young minutely stellate-pubescent but soon becoming glabrous; flowers loosely cymose-paniculate, sessile; calyx cylindric, 6 mm. long, 5-angulate, cos- tate between the angles, minutely stellate-pubescent, the lobes half as long as the tube, narrowly triangular, acuminate. 6. Waltheria pringlei Rose & Standl., sp. noy. Guerrero and Morelos; type from limestone mountains above Iguala, Guerrero, altitude 1,200 meters (Pringle 8422; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 381847). Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-ovate or ovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, acute, rounded or subcordate at base, coarsely and obtusely den- STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 801 tate, thin, green, minutely stellate-pubescent; flower clusters dense, mostly sessile; calyx 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the lobes short, narrowly triangular, acute, minutely tomentose; petals much shorter than the calyx; filaments free above ; capsule Icculicidal. Collected also at Yautepec, Morelos, by Pringle (no. 9691). 7. Waltheria conzattii Standl., sp. nov. Type from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, altitude 50 meters (Conzatti 3682; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 989568). Shrub; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, obtuse, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, crenate-dentate, thick, densely velvety-tomentose; flower clusters loose, few-flowered, short-peduncu- late; calyx 6 mm. long, velutinous-tomentose, the lobes half as long as the tube, narrowly triangular, acute; petals nearly as long as the calyx; filaments united for less than half their length. 8. Waltheria americana L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. Waltheria indica L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753. Waltheria detonsa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 24. 1853. Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of both hemispheres. Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high, or often herbaceous, frequently decum- bent; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong to rounded-ovate, obtuse to rounded at apex, obtuse to subcordate at base, crenate-dentate, usually thick and densely tomentose, but the pubescence variable in amount and quality; flower clusters usually dense, sessile or often long-pedunculate; petals yellow, longer than the calyx. “ Malva ” (Sinaloa) ; “malva del monte” (Yucatén) ; “hierba del soldado” (Tamaulipas); “ malva blanca” (Cuba); “ basora prieta,” ‘“ malvavisco” (Porto Rico) ; “breténica” (Venezuela). The flowers are sweet-scented. The plant is mucilaginous and emollient, and febrifuge and antisyphilitic properties have been ascribed to it. In Tamaulipas a decoction is employed as a remedy for eruptions of the skin, and in Colima the decoction is used to wash wounds. The plant is said to possess some forage value. 9. Waltheria hirsuta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 152. 1836. Described from western Mexico. Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, obtusely dentate, whitish-tomentose beneath, about 3.5 cm. long; flower clusters, long-pedunculate ; petals exserted. No material referable to this species has been seen by the writer. 10. Waltheria acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 184. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. , Leaves slender-petiolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, rounded or cordate at base, green, stellate-pubescent; flower clusters small, mostly pedunculate; calyx 3 to 4 mm, long; petals yellow, exserted. 7. PHYSODIUM Pres], Rel. Haenk. 2: 150. 1836. Shrubs or small trees; flowers cymose-paniculate, terminal ; calyx campanu- late, 5-dentate, 5-angulate, accrescent, inflated, reticulate-veined; petals 5; stamen column dividing above into 5 short filaments; capsule small, stipitate, included in the calyx, luculicidally 5-valvate, the cells 1-seeded. Pubescence not glandular ; petals exserted from the calyx_------- 1. P. dubium. Pubescence of the inflorescence chiefly of gland-tipped hairs; petals included. 2. P. corymbosum. 7808—23——19 802 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1, Physodium dubium Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878, Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected between Acatlin and Chila, Puebla. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute to cuspidate-acuminate, sub- cordate and oblique at base, serrulate, densely stellate-pubescent, green; calyx in fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. long, pale red or purple; petals pale blue; capsule about 6 mm. long. The calyx in this and the following species is similar to that of the genus Physalis. In its form and coloration it Suggests also the showy bracts of the genus Bougainvillea. 2. Physodium corymbosum Presl, Rel. Haenk, 2: 150. pl. 72. 1836. Jalisco, Colima, and Guerrero. Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves similar to those of P. dubium, but less pubes- cent; calyx in fruit 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, purple, the lobes obtuse or acute; petals oblanceolate, much shorter than the calyx; capsule 6 mm, long. 2a, Physodium corymbosum acuminatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 309. 1895. Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacfin; type from Jalisco, Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high, with gray bark; leaves like those of the species; calyx in fruit 3 to 4 em. long, yellowish or purple, the lobes acuminate. ‘ Rechinador” (Sinaloa). The form of the calyx is decided different from that of typical P. corym- bosum, but there appear to be intermediate forms, and no other distinctive character is apparent. 8. MELOCHIA L, Sp. Pl. 774. 1753. Shrubs or herbs, the pubescence of simple or stellate hairs; leaves dentate; flowers mostly small, cymose or in dense axillary glomerules; calyx 5-lobate ; petals 5, spatulate, persistent: stamens 5, connate at the base or higher; capsule 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valvate, the cells 1-seeded, the carpels easily separating, sometimes indehiscent. Capsule pyramidal. Leaves glabrous or nearly so, green; capsule glabrous or glabrate, very short- stipitate__--_---- ee 1. M. pyramidata. Leaves densely stellate-tomentose, usually whitish beneath ; capsule densely pubescent, on a comparatively long stipe___.-__-___ 2. M. tomentosa. Capsule depressed-globose. Flowers all or mostly on long pedicels, the pedicels glabrous except for a few weak gland-tipped hairs. Carpels of the fruit splitting along the back from apex to base; bractlets present at the base of the calyx and exceeding it in length. 3. M. glandulifera. Carpels splitting along the back from the apex halfway to the base; bract- lets none at base of calyx... 4, M. interrupta. Flowers sessile or nearly so, densely glomerate in the leaf axils; gland- tipped hairs absent, or mixed with stellate ones, Bracts of the inflorescence linear-subulate, green __________ 5. M. hirsuta. Bracts lanceolate or broader, dry, brown. Stamens shorter than the styles. Leaves glabrous beneath or with scattered appressed hairs; inflores- cence without viscid pubescence_____.. 6. M. nodiflora. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 803 Leaves densely pubescent beneath with minute spreading hairs; in- florescence viscid-pubescent____----_----------- 7. M. tragiaefolia. Stamens longer than the styles. Lower surface of leaves covered with rather long, appressed hairs, or rarely glabrate ______._____-____-______-------- 8. M. urticaefolia. Lower surface of leaves covered with minute spreading hairs. 9. M. tomentella. 1. Melochia pyramidata L. Sp. Pl. 774. 1753. Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer portions of both hemispheres. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or often herbaceous; leaves slender-petio- late, oblong to rounded-ovate, acute or obtuse, rounded at base, serrate, green, often glabrous but frequently sparsely pubescent; flowers in axillary corymbs, mostly pedicellate; petals violet, about 7 mm. long; capsule 5 to 6 mm. long and somewhat broader, the lobes broadened at the base, acute and spreading. “ Suponite” (Oaxaca); “malva comftn,” “ malva cimarrona” (Cuba); “ bre- t6nica ” (Porto Rico). The plant is eaten by stock. 2. Melochia tomentosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1140. 1759. Melochia plicata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 145, 1836. Melochia speciosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 42. 1889. Melochia arida Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 321. 1905. Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the Western Hemisphere. Shrub, 0.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong to broadly rhombic-ovate, rounded to acutish at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate or dentate, thick, usually densely and finely tomentose on both surfaces; flowers in loose cymes, mostly pedicellate; petals pink to violet, 8 to 18 mm. long; fruit 7 to 9 mm. long, long-beaked, the lobes rounded to acutish below. “ Malvavisco” (Porto Rico); “ breténica” (Porto Rico, Venezuela) ; “malva,” “varita de San José” (Nicaragua). The plants vary considerably in size of flowers and leaves, in density of pubescence, and in form of the fruit, but none of the proposed segregates seem worthy of recognition. M. arida is a small-leaved form of dry regions, M. spe- ciosa is a form with unsually large flowers and rather scant pubescence. Wat- son compared the latter, in his original description, with M. pyramidata, from which, of course, it is amply distinct. To the present writer it seems not improbable that M. pyramidata and M. tomentosa may at times bybridize. 8. Melochia glandulifera Standl., sp. nov. Type from Tonald, Chiapas (Purpus 6925; U. S. Nat. Herb. 567212). Branches slender, sparsely furnished with short weak simple gland-tipped hairs; leaves slender-petiolate, deltoid-lanceolate or lance-ovate, acute or acu- minate, rounded at base, serrate-dentate, thin, glabrous beneath, with a few scattered hairs above; flowers in lateral cymes, mostly long-pedicellate, the bractlets linear, ciliate, more than twice as long as the calyx; calyx lobes shorter than the tube, cuspidate-acuminate; petals purple, 5 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 4.5 mm. in diameter, setulose-hirtellous and also with slender gland-tipped hairs. 4. Melochia interrupta (Schlecht.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 131. 1879. Riedlea interrupta Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 375, 1837. Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna. 804 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants about 1 meter high, sometimes wholly herbaceous, the stems hirsute and glandular-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, serrate, thinly pilose or glabrate; inflorescence chiefly terminal, open; petals 6 mm, long; fruit 5 mm. in diameter. 5. Melochia hirsuta Cav. Monad. Diss. 323. pl. 175. f. 1. 1788. Riedlea serrata Vent. Choix Pl. Cels pl. 37. 1803. Melochia serrata St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 36. 1842. ? Riedlea jurgensenii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosecou 311: 211, 1858. Riedlea heterotricha Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosecou 317: 211. 1858. Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South America. Low shrub or herb; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to rhombic-ovate, 2 to 7 em. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base, serrate, green, pilose or glabrate; flowers in dense sesile clusters, these usually forming a terminal spike; bracts hirsute; petals purple, 8 to 12 mm. long. ‘ Rafz de toro” (Costa Rica) ; “ estancadera”’ (Colombia) ; “ breténica ” (Porto Rico) ; “malva mora” (Cuba). 6. Melochia nodiflora Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 97. 1788. Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies and Central America. Slender shrub, sometimes 2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, mostly ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, thin, green, usually glabrous or nearly so; flowers mostly in dense axillary glomerules; petals pink or purple. ‘“ Malva colorada” (Cuba) ; “mozote de monte” (Nicara- gua); “bret6nica,” “ breténica prieta” (Porto Rico). 7. Melochia tragiaefolia Standl., sp. nov. Type from La Salada, Michoacin (Nelson 6927; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 399266). Branches red-brown, glandular-pilose when young; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, 4 to 5.5 cm. long, coarsely dentate, thin, green, minutely velutinous-pilosulous on both surfaces; bracts ovate, brown; calyx densely glandular-pubescent, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as the tube; petals 6 mm. long; fruit glandular-pubescent, the 5 carpels easily separating, tardily dehiscent. 8. Melochia urticaefolia (Turez.) Standl. Riedlea urticaefolia Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 209, 1838. Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate, thin, green, sparsely appressed-pilose on the upper surface or glabrate; petals purple, 7 to 10 mm, long. It is doubtful whether the name urticaefolia really belongs to this plant, or whether it is not rather a synonym of M. nodiflora. In the latter case the pres- ent plant appears to be without a name, unless it may be M. corymbosa (DC.) Hemsl. 9. Melochia tomentella (Presl) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 132. 1879. Riedlea tomentella Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 148. 1836. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero, Slender shrub; leaves mostly short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, coarsely dentate, thin, green; flowers all in dense axillary glomerules; petals 5 to 8 mm. long. ‘“‘Malva de los cerros” (Sinaloa). The plant is said to yield a good quality of fiber. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 805 DOUBTFUL SPECIES, MELOCHIA CORYMBOSA (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 130. 1879. Riedlea corymbosa DC. Prodr, 1: 491. 1824. Described from Mexico. MELOCHIA SCUTELLARIOIDES (Turcz.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 1: 131. 1879. Riedlea scutellarioides Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 210. 1858. Type from Mirador, Veracruz. MELOCHIA TENELLA (Turcz.) Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot, 1: 182. 1879. Riedlea tenella Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 212. 1858. Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Probably a synonym of M. hirsuta. 9. THEOBROMA L. Sp. Pl. 782. 1753. Trees; leaves large, entire, pinnate-nerved, or 3 or 5-nerved at base; flowers small, in axillary or lateral clusters, often along the trunk; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, clawed, cucullate at base, produced above into a spatulate blade; calyx tube 5-lobate, the anthers 2 or 3 in each sinus; fruit large, sessile, fleshy, 5-celled, the seeds surrounded by pulp. Leaves green beneath, glabrous or nearly so___------------------- 1. T. cacao. Leaves minutely whitish-tomentulose beneath. Leaves obtuse at base; petals longer than the calyx____2. T. angustifolium. Leaves deeply or shallowly cordate at base; petals shorter than the calyx. 38. T. bicolor. 1. Theobroma cacao L. Sp. Pl. 782. 1753. In forests from Colima to Chiapas and Tabasco, and cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of Mexico. Central America; cultivated in the Tropics of both hemispheres. Small evergreen tree, 6 to 8 meters high, or sometimes larger, with spreading branches, the lateral branches in clusters of 5, rarely 4 or 6, the young shoots hirsute or hirtellous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, 15 to 30 em, long, rounded or obtuse at base, abruptly acuminate at apex, thick; inflorescences small, fleshy, borne along the trunk and main branches; flowers long-pedicellate, the calyx pink, its lobes lance-acuminate, 6 to 7 mm. long; petals yellowish; fruit 30 cm. long and 10 cm. thick or smaller, elliptic-ovoid, with a thick fleshy rind, longitudinally ridged and furrowed, red, yellow, purplish, or brown, each cell containing 5 to 12 large, brown or purple seeds embedded in white or pinkish, acid pulp. The word “cacao” is the name of the plant and of the crude product from it. Cocoa and chocolate are manufactured products obtained from the seeds. The word “ cacao” is derived from the Nahuatl “ cacahuatl” (written also caca- hoatl), a term which in modern Mexican has been corrupted into “ cacahuate,” the name applied to the peanut, the application evidently because of the resemblance of the peanut to cacao fruit. The Nahuatl name for the cacao tree is “ cacahuacuahuitl,” which has been written also as “ cacaotlquahuitl,” “ cacauquauitl,” and in various other ways. The following additional names are reported from Mexico: “ Bizoya,” “yagabizoya” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “déqhy ” (Otomf, Buelna); “ caocauatzaua ” (Zoque, Gonzales); “kako” (Mixe) ; “cahequa” (Tarascan, Leon) ; “ chudechu” (Otomf). Of all the numerous vegetable productions of the New World, and especially of Mexico, none is more celebrated than the product of the cacao plant, which attained high favor in Europe immediately after the Conquest. Oviedo, who describes the plant at great length, states that it was not found in the West Indies, but only on the continent, especially in Mexico, and he terms it “the most precious tree of the Indians and the most highly esteemed.” 806 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cacao in its wild state was well known to the early inhabitants of Mexico, and it was also cultivated, although to what extent is uncertain. The use of the drink made from the seeds was confined chiefly to the higher classes, but the use of the seeds as money was a matter of importance to all classes, for cacao seeds were the basis of the Mexican financial system. They are still used locally in Mexico as a substitute for small coins. Jourdanet, in his translation of Sahagtin,? gives the following account of the use of cacao as currency: “It would be idle to call attention to this plant, whose fruit is so widely used to-day, if it were not of interest to recall the fact that cacao was unknown in Europe before the discovery of America. The Mexicans at the time of the Conquest made much use of it, in various forms, none of which was the equivalent of our chocolate. This precious fruit was besides, for the richest among them, a means of treasuring their wealth, and a medium of exchange, which facilitated commerce as does our money. This custom was even extended after the Conquest in certain parts of the country, so long, in fact, that I myself observed in Yucatéin, before 1850, that cacao seeds were used in place of copper coins. “It would be very difficult to determine what was the value set upon the ‘acao employed as money in ancient Mexico, * * * However, in the part of the country where cacao has continued in use as currency up to the present time, its value in ordinary market transactions is not the same as that assigned to it when it is sold at wholesale as a feod. The cacao seed, as money, keeps a conventional value which, as a rule, is much greater than its market price. That is to say, its usage in this sense is limited to transactions of little im- portance, as a means of making small change, in the Provinces where copper coins are not in circulation. “To return to ancient times, we may take the judicious and always reliable accounts of M. Garcfa Icazbalceta, and state that, ‘in accordance with the numeral system of the Mexicans, the base for counting cacao seeds was the number 20. Thus, 400 seeds (20X20) formed a tzontli. We know that tzontli in the Nahuatl language means four hundred. Even to-day it is the custom in the City of Mexico to sell fire-wood by tzontles of 400 sticks. Twenty tzontlis, that is 8,000, made a ziquipilli, and three riquipilli a load, which therefore consisted of 24,000 seeds. Since this system of accounting was clumsy and could result in abuses, it was forbidden by an official order of January 28, 1527. It was forbidden to sell cacao by count of the seeds, and ordered that the sale should take place by full measure, guaranteed by the municipal seal. Later, by an order of October 24, 1536, it was decreed, on the contrary, that the seeds should be counted for sale, and that no other method should be followed.’ “We have stated above that the Mexican nobles used cacao as a means of hoarding their fortunes. The twofold use made of it, as food and as money, caused it to rank as a basic element of wealth. The districts which produced cacao paid it as tribute to the rulers, in vast quantities. Torquemada stateg that in the palace of the famous King of Tetzcuco, Netzahualcoyotl, there was expended every year 2,744,000 fanegas of cacao (the fanega is the equivalent of about 40 kilograms). That is scarcely credible, although this author assures us that he had seen the book of accounts approved by a grandson of the King. Both Torquemada and the chronicler Herrera report that the Indian auxiliaries of Cortés pillaged a cacao granary belonging to Monteuhcoma, where they found more than 4,000 loads. The seeds were stored in osier baskets so large that six men taking hold of hands could not span them. The amount carried away was 600 loads, for which it was necessary to empty only six baskets. * Histoire générale des choses de la Nouvelle-Espagne, p. 866. 1880. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 807 “It would be difficult to give an exact idea of the extent and character of the lands employed to advantage by the ancient Mexicans for the culture of cacao. It is certain that the chief places of production were to the south of the country, bordering on Guatemala. It is there that this precious plant is still cultivated, and to-day as in former times it is the district of Soconusco which gives the product of best quality.” Oviedo states that those persons who had cacao trees growing upon their lands were considered rich. “In the province of Nicaragua,” he relates, “a rabbit is worth 10 seeds, and for four you can buy eight nisperos; a slave is worth a hundred, more or less. * * * Even with these seeds there are ways of cheating, such as putting false or empty shells among a quantity of them. These spurious ones are prepared by separating the shell and filling it with earth or some other substance, then the shell is closed so carefully that the substitution is not perceptible, He who receives them, when he counts them, touches them one by one with the forefinger, and no matter how well the counterfeit has been performed, it is detected by the touch.” Acosta men- tions the fact that cacao seeds were given as alms to the poor. Bernal Diaz del Castillo relates how upon his return to Mexico after his long journey back from Guatemala, Cortés “sent us presents of necessaries, likewise gold and cacao for our expenses.” Theobroma cacao is the principal source of the chocolate and cocoa of com- merce, but other species also are planted, some of them extensively. Cacao is grown commercially in Mexico, especially in Chiapas and Tabasco. At an early date it was introduced into the Canaries and Philippines, and now it is grown extensively in many parts of the Old World tropics, Numerous minor varieties, differing in the form of the fruit, are known. The quality of the product varies greatly in different countries. The young trees must be grown under shade. Chocolate is the term applied to sweetened prepara- tions of the roasted and ground cacao seeds, with a large proportion of the original fat retained. Cocoa is prepared in the same way, but most of the fat is removed from it. The original inhabitants of Mexico sometimes ate the seeds either green or dry, but the seeds were used chiefly for the preparation of a drink known as “xocoatl,” this being the term from which the word chocolate is obtained. The word gzocoatl signifies “sour water,” the unsweetened decoction of the seeds being unpleasantly bitter. The drink as prepared by the Mexicans was different from the chocolate as now usually prepared. It consisted of a strong decoction of the seeds, flavored with chile, maize, honey, ceiba seeds, and many other substances, and the beverage was beaten into a foam which dissolved almost imperceptibly upon the tongue. It was often colored with Bizra orellana. It was the favorite drink of the Mexican nobility, who consumed immense quantities of it. It was a favorite also of the emperor, for whom almost ineredible quantities were prepared every day. 628 MacranthuM ......- 02022 eee e eee eer e eee 751 interruptd........0-2--e2 ee eee erect 632 malacum.........--000+eeee cece ener eters 753 lagascana.......-.2+-eeeee seer terre esses 631 membranaceum ........-0-e--ee eee errr 754 | langiana........-------e-ee eee cere e eters 630 METICUNUM.. 2. eee ee eee eee eee eeeee 755 | Janxiflora........----. ee eee eee eee e reese 631 mucronulatum....--..2.-2-0ee eee cece ee 756 leptoclada......-----.+--++++++++ ceeeeee 629 OO eo 748 leptopoda......-..--- eee eee seer eects 628 notolophium..........------+++eeeeeee eee 751 liebmanni.........----2-++---eee eee e ree 631 palmeri.....-.......02 eee eee e eee erences 755 | ligmosa.......-------- eee eee cere eee eee 631 parvulum....-.....002--2-ee senses 751 lindeniana.........--------- eee eee renee 632 percaudatum. ....------.2.eeeeeeeee eee es 751 longestipularis........-------++++++2++-°° 627 peyritschii............--.+2e eee eee eee es 751 | longipes.......-.--e---eeeeeeee ee eee rere 627 PUIPUSIi... 22-2. e eee erence etree 750 macrostachya......------seeeeee seer eres 628 TOCCMOSUIMN.... 20 eee eee cence eee eee teeeeee 753 macrostachyoides...-.-.-.-.-+-+++-e+e++9 629 TAMOSISSIMUM . . 0.22 eee eee eee eee 753 melochiaefolia.......---------eee seer eee 628 reticulatum...-...---0222 eee e reece ete 754 microstachyd ......----++----ese0terrceeet 632 TeventUumM.........--22 22 eee e eee eee ees 754 | mnollis......-------------ee etre terres 632 VI INDEX, Page. Page. Acalypha ocymoides.......................- 630 | Alezuilla... 2.2.0.2... ccc cece cee cee cece cee 718 OO 629 | Alicito... 2... ccc cee cc eee c ee ee 667 oligodonta...... 2.2.00... cece cece cece eee 631 | Algod6n............ 0. eee cece ce cececccccecee 783 papillosa... 2.2.22... eee 630 | Algodoncillo...................... 678, 738, 780, 785 parvifolia........ 22.2... ccc eee O31 | Algodonero................e cece cece cece ee 783 a 628 | Allophylus..........0...0. 2 0c cececeeeeec cess 704 pringlei... 2... eee e eee eee 630 | AlmAciga...... 0.0.00... coeeeccccceecce cece. 661 rafaclensis....................c0eeec cee 629 | Almacigo...........0 00... ccc cece ecee cece ee. 547 Schiedeana...... 0.2.22... ee eee eee 631 amarillo............ 2. cece e cece e ee 547 schlechtendaliana.............0220....... 627 blanco... ee cece cece cece cece 547 schlumbergeri.................0020000005 628 encarnado........ 0.2... ccc cece cece cece 547 Seleriana..... 0.0.2.2... 0.2. e eee eee 628 | Almendrillo............0..0..0 0 ccc eee eee cues 816 subviscida..... 2. eee eee eee 630 | Alsodeia.... 00... cece cece ccc cece ccccc cess 837, 838 trachyloba.... 2.2.2... 00002 e eee cece 628 | Altea... 2... cece cece cece cece cece cceee 781 triloba.... 2... 630 | Althea... 2.2... 00. e cece cece cece cece eee ee 781 uMbrosa.... 2... cece cece e ee eee 630 | Alvarado, Pedro de....................202.. 540 unibracteata.............. 0.0. ccc cece eee 628 | Alvaradoa.....2 22.00.0002. cecceceeee 540 VAgANS. 2... eee eee eee 631 | Amantillo............. 02. cece cece ee ee 753 wilkesiana...........22.22....00000 0000 624 | Amapola..................000022.. 775, 780, 786, 794 Acanthothamnus............0...2.22-...0.. 684 10) Ee 794 Acecinele... 2.2.2.0... cece eee eee cece cee eee 690 colorada... 2.2.2... ccc eee cece ees 794 Acedilla.... 2.2.2.0... cece ee ccceeeccceeues 678 | Amaranto........................ beeeeeeeeee 848 Aceite de castor... 2.2.0.0... 000 cc cece 622 | Amargoso.............2 20. ccc cceeeeneeeeee 539, 540 Aceitillo.. 2.2... eee eee eee eee 647 | Amole..... 2... Llc cece eee 522, 709, 713 Aceituno... 2... eee cee eee 540 de bolita... 2.2... 20.2... cece cece cece cease 709 negrito. 2.2... eee eee cee ee eee 541 dulce... 2... eee cece cece eeeees 713 ACO... cece cece ee cece cc eee 689 | Amor de un dia........... 2... ee eee 782 Aceraceae.... 2.0.0... e eee cence eee c cece 689 | AmoreuNxia....2....0.....000 ccc cece eee eee 836 Acezintle. 2... 2.2.2... cee cece eee cece eee 690 | Amortiguado.............. 0000 cece eee cece 609 AChANIG.. 0... ccc cece cee en eee 773 | Amozotl.. 2.2... cee cece cece eee eee 653 Achiote.... 0.20.0... 2.0000 c ccc ce cece cc eeeees 8385 | Ampelocissus..............0...000 cc cece eee 733 Achiotillo.............. 00000. c cece 633, 824,835 | Ampelopsis.............00..0000..0 cece eee ee 733 Achiotl. 2.0.0.0... 02220 c cece cece cee 835 quinguefolia... 2. Lecce eee ee eee 728 Achote..... 2.0... ccc ccc eee eee eee cece eee 8385 | Amphipterygium.................022....2.. 672 Achuete... 2.0.0... ce cece eee eee 835 | Amyris.. 2.22... e cee eee 528 ACUIUCO. . occ eee ee cece cece 734 bipinnata .... 20... eee cece cece cece 548 Adelia.. 2.2.0... cece ccc cece cece cee 633 Sylvaticd . 2... eee e cee eeee 550 Adenodiscus.. 2... 0.0.00 e cee cece cee 745 LECOMACA... Le eee cece ene eee 550 Adolphia... 22.2... 0.200000 0 0c c cece cece eee “7 | Anacagiiitas...........00.0.000. 0002. eee eee 796 Aesculaceae. 2.22... 2. ccc eee eee cece eeeeeee 690 | Anacardiaceae......2...00000.0000022 00200 655 Aesculus... 2.0... eee eee cece cece eeee 691 | Anacardium.......2.0.0..00000.002.00.00008- 659 METICONG . oo eee cece cee cece cece 690 | Anatto... 2... cece cece cece 835 Afimador.. 2.0.00... e cece e eee e eee 683 | Apaac... 2... eee eee e cece cues 699 ABTA... Lee cece eee 730 | Apeiba... 22.2... cece cence eee 738 AQIAZ. 2 eee eee cece eee eeee 730 | Apompo.... 2.2.2.2... cece cece cence eens 793, 836 Agrillo. 2.2.0... c cece eee e cece eee 669 | Aquiche...... 2.0.2.0... eee ee eee ee 809 Agrio de Guinea... 2... .020 0022 e eee eee cee 779 | Aquifoliaceae... 2.2.20... 0.0.2 e eee ee 673 Agritos.. 2.0... cece cece cece eee eeee 669 | Arafia..... 2.2... cece ce cece 781 Aguabola.. 2... 2... eee eee eee eee ee 680 | Arbol de algod6n.......2.....22.0...222..... 791 Aguacatillo.. 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 633 de la muerte... 2.2.2... . 2. eee cece eee 650 Aguate..... 0... eee e cece e eee ee 775 de las manitas........0.002.0.00.00000.0... 796 Aguja de tértola...... 2.2.0... 842 del diablo... - 2.2.2... eee cee 645 Ahualtzocotl...........0.0.000 002. c eee eee ee 564 de Pert... 22.2.2. eee cece cence cece 661 Ahualzocotlque...........00000.02 02. e cee 564 de quitasol.. 2.22.2... 0.00. c cece eee 553 7 |: 647 de sangre....... 22... e eee eee eee eee 615 Ajo... 2... eee cece cece cece cc ceee cease 641 10) x C0 790 ed 2 601, 602, 603 SANCO.. 2... eee eee eee eee 523 Alabarda........... 2.222.000.2202 c eee eee ee 830 | ALce... 2.2... e cece ences 690 Alaman, Lucas........2.....2..2.02.222 eens 639 | Archipin................. ccc cece eee ee eee ee 547 Albarda.... 2.0.2.2... 0000. cc cece eeeeeeeee 830,831 | Argithamnia............0..2..20.200. eee ees 621, 622 Alcaparra, falsa............22..02...02.0000. 521 | Argyrothamnia..........2.....2 220 e cece cece ee 621 Alchornea...... 2.2.2... c eee eee ees 633 | AIMato.......... 0. eee c eee cece e ence eee eecees 835 AICOCETIO . 6. eee ccc cence cn eneececas 646 | Armotto.......2. 2... cece cence ee 835 A lectoroctoOnuM.... 2.222... cece cece ceee eens 602, 603 family. ..... 2.2.2.0... cece cece cece cence 834 Alegria... 2... eee eee cee eee ec cee nceee 738 | Arrayancito.......2........ cee cece eee eee 566 A LOVED. oe eee cece cee en eee e eee eeeeees 632 | Arrayanilla................... cc cece eee eee 823 INDEX, VII Page Page. Arrendador......------+++eseccceesterrcrrt 813 | Bejuco cemiz0.....-...----+eeeeee reer eee eeee 813 AITOW PpOiSOD.......-----+ee eee eee 648, 650, 652, 703 Chaparr0...... 2-2... ee eee ee eee ee ester eces 818 ASCYTUM......---. 00 eee eee e ener ee ereesenrees 823 Chaparr6n......---.-- eee eee eee eee rees 817 ASPicarpa.....---- eee eeee ence er eter erent 574 Chirriador. .........------see eee e ener eee 731 AStrocaSia.....---- eee eee eee eect errr er reese 610 Coloradd......-.-- eee eee eee ee eee eres 687 ASEOGYNE..0.--.000 eee e ee eet eeceeseer eter tes 614 COMCMANO..-.....-2--- ence rere eee renee 731 Astronium......--...------eceeese cer eeeeete 662 Costill6n.. 2... 2. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 702 Astrophyllum. ...---+-++sserereeeeereccrrres 537 de agua.......2--- eee ee eee reece 703,730, 818 Atarfe......--.-...ee eee cece eee e ener eeerttes 828 de DUCY......- 2-2 ence eee eee eee etree 576 Atlat zopillin......--....------ee eee errr 773 de caballo. ..... 2.2.2... eee ee eee eee eee ee 576 Atole..........ce-ee eee eee re reece eeertrrtess 662 de@ Car0.. 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ereee 731 Atoyaxocotl.........-------eeeeeeereeerrtte 657 de cazadores........--2- 02 eee eee e cece ee 730 Atoyaxotl......--206.eee eee eeee eee e eect 657 de coral..........--e0e cere eee eee ee reece 732 AVD cc ccnccccce cee ceeeeeesererceeeerernreress 780 de costilla.....-..... 2-22 e ee eee eee eee 703 Avellanas purgantes. ..-....----+---++s25rt- 640 de indio. ....... 2... cece eee eee eee eee 711 Averrhod....c---c-cereeeese renee seer 609 de mulato. ........-2- eee eee e eee eee eres 702 Avispillo. .....------eeee cece cere eect eres 609 de Palta.......----2- essere cece eee eects 730 ’. 6 rrr 641 de piojo..-.-..2-- 2... ee eee ee eee eee rete 686 AXIN. oo cece eee eee eee cece erent erseenets 641 de rat6n....-.. eee cece eee eee eee erences 578 AxocatziN.......-- eee ee eee eee errr ete 765 de tachic6n......-..---2-2:e eee eee eee eee 817 Axochit].....-....------ cece eee eer etree 847 espinoso....---22---e-- eee ee eee eset etree 697 Ayenia........--..- eee eee e eee reecrerrrntt 810 PUTA... cee eee cece eee eee e ee eee ener nes 818 AYMOZ....- 2202 eeeee ee ee eeree ere eettetee 604 huesillo..... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 577 Ayotectli-.......2220-eeeee seers seer rents 643 fast... 2. eee eee eee ete eee ener teense 731 Ayuelo......-..0-2e eee e eee rererer er ersttt ts 705 lefiaterO. .-....---.-. 20 eee ee eee eee eer 7il AYyUME. -..2 2. ee ence eee eee eeeee treet ettee 670 1OCO. 2. eee cece eee ce eee eee eee ceceees 731 Avafran. ...-.-...cee ence eee cece creer tte 622 prietO. 2.2222... ee cece eee eee cette ees 573 de bolita... .....0-e--eeeeeeeeeeeeeee trees 621 tOM6.. 2... cee eee e eee ee eeee eect eee 817,818 Azafrancillo.....-----.--e-eee eee ee etter 621 VAQUETO. 02 ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 703 C7: eee 847 | Bejuquillo............--------- eee e eee eee 703 AgucaritO.....-...0.e- eee reer eee 702,703 | Bel-ciniché .........-..------+++22++rrrcrceee 540 Azuche.....---.-ce cece cece erent see netrte 847 | Bellota...........----- 22 ee eee eee ee eee 796 Bacad....-.---e-e eee eee cece seer erste 808 | Belotia.............--- 22 ee ee ee eee eee eee 737 Bakeridesia......--------:+-eree creer ret 747 | Bemberecua.........2-------- eee serene eens 668 Balloon-vine......-------+-eseeee eters 700 | Berberine. ........--------- eee eee ere ec eee 531 Banara.....-------e-ee cere recesses rts 839 | Bernardia........---------+--- ee eee eee eres 632 MELICANE . . 0 - ee ee eee eee eect 840 | Bernoulli, G.......--.------ ee ee eee eee etree 789 Bandera.......-.-----ee cece cer eeer erst 600 | Bernoullia.........-..-- 2-22 - eee eee ee eee eee ee 789 Banisteria.....---------------ece cert 576 | Berraco...........---e0eee cece eee e erect 659 brevipes... .-.2--002 cece eect eee ee treet 570 | Bersilana........-----+--+--eee creer errr 734 lupuloides. ..---222000eeeee cece ester teeet 711 | Biaxhi...-...-----.---------e eee eee rete 656 mucronata ....----+-2ee2ee reece ett 578 | Bibi.........------ee eee eee eee etree eet 709 ferNatd.... 2. ence eee e cece cece ee neresets 578 | Bichet.........--------- 2. ee eee eee eee eee 835 Banisteriopsis......---------+-s+cerererrrcce 575 | Bicholi........-..---------2- reece erect 728 Barbasco...--.2seeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 696,703 | Bija......-2-2.20e2eeeeeeeeeeee reeset estes 835 Barbasquillo. .-....--------++seeeeeeeerrrtte 703 | Billia.......2..2..---2 2c eee eee ee eee eee 690 Barcend...---.---e0eeece cece eee e errs 719 | Bindd........-2---0-- eee eee eee eet 714 Barchatas...---.---e-eeeeee eee eeerereret 715 | Biophytum..........----2-----eeee eee eres 517 Barclay, George. ..----------eeeeeec crete 521 | Bird-cactus........--..-----eeee ee etree eee 605 Barda.....---.---- ee eee eee e eee eee 830,831 | Birringo......---.------2++-eeee ere ccetrrete 667 BarrabAs.---.-- eee eee eee eee ee erste 603 | Bisbirinda...........------+---+ee creer 539 Barre-horno. .....--------eeeeeseeeeeeeretee 554 | Bitamo...........------- ee eee eee eee 605 Barreta....----e.eeee eee eee reece reset sents 530 | Bittersweet family.......--...---------eee0 676 Basora prieta......---------22e eerste 801 | Bixa......----- eee eee ee eee eee erence 834, 835 Basswood. ...---.----2-0- eee ee eer e cee te 735 | Bixaceae@......---....ee- eee cece eee eee eeeee 834 Bastardia.......-.------ eee eee etree 759 | Bixin.....-------- eee eee eee eee cert 835 hirsutiflora.....--2.--+2-2ee eee reece 757 | BizOya.......-------eee eee eee eerste eee 805 Batabana......-------2 eee eee eee 837 | Black drink. .........----.------ eee eee e rere 674 Bay-cedar......-----eeee cere cece cree secre 538 | Bladdernut family.........-----------+-eee ee 687 family.....-----2-eeee eee erent eee sree 538 | Bohadschia.......-----..0-e+ sere cece centers 848 Bebeta....-...----- ee eee eee creer e eee trete: 600 | Boliche.........--..--- 222 eee eee recente eeee 709 Beechey, F. W...------+----seercer cette 576 | Bolontobi.......-.--------. eee e sere eee eet 732 Bejuco carey. ...--------2++seeeeeeeeeesstee 818 | Bombacaceac.........------eeee cere reece 786 CATO. oe eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eeetets 730 | Bombax...........---022 ee ee eee eee e eee etree 793 castafio...... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 818 aesculifoliuM..-.....----2eeeee seen eters 792 CASIO. ... eee eee ee eee etter enter ee ete 731 COIDA. . 2. ween eee ee ee eee eee eee reece 794 VIII INDEX, Tage. Page. Bombax ellipticum............0.0.2.0..000.. 793 | Bursera microphylla.......2....000200.00- eee 548 mericanum...............- cence ee eeeeee 793 Morelensis .. 2.2... cece cece cece ee eeceee 548 palmeri..... 0.200.002 0 2 eee e eee eee 794 LEN | 546 pentandrum. 2.2... cece cece ee eee eee 791 NELSON. 0. ee ee eee cece ceece 551 vitifoliMM . oo eee eee 836 obovata.......2...024. wee eee e cece ee eeee 546 Bombon....... 022.0002 cece eee e eee c cee ee 836 Le 549 Bonche.... 2.2.2... 2.20. cecce cee cece ee cee eee 780 DAIMETI-. 0... oc eee eee eee ee eee 552 Botija... 2.2.2... 837 PONNOSA . 02. cee cece eee 550 Botén de oro... 2.2... eee cece ee eee 751 penicillata .. 22... 0.0 cee eee eee eee ee 549 00) 0): 837 Pringlei.. oe eee eee eee nee 549 Botulo.. 2.2... 20220 e ee eee 836 PUDESCONS... 2. eee cece e cece eee ce eee 671 0 654 PUTPUSIL. 2 eee eee eee 549 family... 2.2... 0.0.0 0000 c eee eee eee ee eee 653 SCNAMMNETE 0 eee eee eee eee 546 Box-elder.......... cece cece ee ee ec eecceceeece 690 Schiedeand........22..2.45 weet cece ce eeee 551 Boxwood, false............2. 0.00. e cee eee eee 680 schlechtendalii..... 2.2.0. .00cc cece cece eee 546 Florida. ...........0.0 000 c cece eee ee ee 682 SESSUIPLOTO . 2. cee eee cece 552 Brasil........ wee eee eee eee eee e eee ceeeeee 714 SIMATUDA. Le cece eee eee 547 Bread-and-cheese............020.0.ccceeeeeee 703 submoniliformis.... 2.0.0.0. 0002 cece ee eee 551 Breténica.......... 0.0.0.0. cece e ee eee 801, 803, 804 a, 549 prieta. 2.2... eee eee 804. CTUPUGA. 2 cee eee e cece eee 546 Bromnia. 2.2.2... eee eee ce eee ee ccee 830 | Burseraceae...........0..000 022 eee eee eee ee 542 Brotera ... 0.0. c ccc eee ec ce cece ccc cncceecee 795 | Buxaceae.......... 2.0.2. c cece eee eee eee 53 Buckeye......... 002.002. e cece e eee ee ceces 691 | Buxus.......2.2 02.2.2 e eee 653 TOXAS. 22.2.2 e ee eee eee ec cccece 704 | Byrsonima............0.00 0.0 c cece eee eee 564 Buckthorn... .........2.......002 cee ee cece eee 724 stigmatophora... 22... 22.0. 00 cece e eee 576 family............ 000.000 cece cece eee eee 710 | Byttneria.........-2 222... eee eee cee cece ee ee 813 Buenas tardes......2.....00..0cec cee ee eee cee 751 | Cabalongo............. cece cence eee ence e eee 637 Buettneria..... 22.2.2... c cece cece eee eee 813 | Cabellos de dingel..............2.2222.0.005 791, 794 Bui... 2.2 ec e cee eee cece eee 694 | Cabeza de negro............ 2.2.2 eee cee eee 738 Bulines.........20 22.00.00 ccc ence ccc ececcce go9 | Cablote.......... 0. ee cece ee cece eee 809 Bunchosia...........0...0.0000 cece cece ee eeee 566 | Cabo de hacha....................2022.00000- 555 eglandulosa......2........00202 020222 e eee 570 | Cabra... 2... 2. eee ee ccc ee eee cee eee 682 guadalajarensis ... 0.0.0.2 eee eee cee 565 hedionda........... 2.2... eee eee ee eee 567 Burillo. ..... 0.0... ec cece eee 738 | Cacachila........... 0... cece e eee ee eee 717 falsO.. 2.2.2... eee cece cece cence eee 739 China... 2... eee eee eee eee ee 717 Burio..... 2... eee eee eee ee 739 Silvestre... 2.22... 2 22 eee eee eee eee 717 Burnwood..........02220000 02 cece cece ec eee 673 | Cacahoatl.....2.22..... 200.0022. eee cee eee 805 Bursera aloerylon... 2.0.0.0. ccc cece cece cece 551 | Cacahuacuahuitl.........2.2022002.0002020... 805 Fi ee 549 | Cacahuate..........0.....0....00. 22 eee eee 5 asplenifolia . 2.0... 002000 c cece cence ee 552 | Cacahuatl.........02..00000 0000.22 e eee eee 805 ce 550 | Cacahuaxochitl.............. 0.00.22. cee eee 788 bipinnata ... 2.2... 0c ccc eee ee eee 548 | Cacahuil.... 22.2... 659 cerasifolia... 2... 0. eee ee eee eee eee B46 | Cacao... eee ee eee eee 805 CINETED..- 222. ee eee eee 546 blanco... 2.2.22. 222 e eee eee eee eee 808 ee 548 butter... 0.0... ee eee eee 808 CUNCAIG....... 00022 c cece eee cece eee 551 deo mico... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 808 delpechiana..............--.-----.. weeeee 552 family.......0...... 00 eee eee eee 794 diversifolia ..........00 002000 c cece e eee 548 patashte................. cece e cece e ee ees 808 CVCEISA 2. cece neces 552 silvestre... .....2.2.0.... 202 eee ce ceeeceee 808 Ffagaroides..... 0.0.00 cee eee eee 550 tiger... 2... cece eee eee 808 filicifolia .. 2... cee eee ee 551 wareba.... 2... eee eee eee 808 a 550 | Cacaotlquahuitl........2.......000000202002- 805 galeottiana ......2.220..0 00.0 549 | Cacaoxochitl..........0.0000000000 202222. 788 glabrescens.... 2-2... cee eee eee eee 551 | Cacatzin........... ween eee eee eee eee eens 717 Le 548 | Cacauquauitl......2.2..2.22 202.2. .2 eee eee 805 LY i 546 | Cachibt.........2 0... 547 graveolens pilosa... 2.2.2... -0. 0c eee e eens 549 | Cachila..... 22.2.2. eee cee ee 717 gummifera.......2....0.26-. wee eeeceeeeee 547 | Cacicuto.........2.22. 2002. 835 heterophylla. ... 2.2... eee cece cence eee 547 | Cadillo.. 2.2... eee eee 743, 744, 781 Jonesti. se... eee eee ee wee cece e cece eee 546 amarillo........ 2.0.0... 2. eee eee eee eee 771 JOrUMENSIS 0. eee eee eee eee eee 551 @SPINOSO.... 22.22. eee eee eee ee eee 771 Karwinskii..........00. cece eee eee eee eee 546 MAlVO..... 0. ee ee eee eee eee eee 742 ds 546 | Café cimarrén........2...... 22 2c eee eee 719 lancifolia..... 00... ccc cece eee e eee cee 546 | Cafeillo cimarrén.................22..200.- 844, 845 eS) 550 | Cafetillo..........2.2. 2.20 c eee eee eee ee eee 845 METICONG «oo ee ee eee eee ee eee eee 552 | Caffeine...........0.0.0. 000222 eee .... 674, 701 INDEX, Ix Page Cahequa.....-22....2- eee eee e eee e eens eee eee 805 Cajete..... 2... eee ee eee eee ee cece cece renee 741 Cajuil. . 2.2... - 2 ee eee eee ee eee ee eee eens 659 Calagua. .......22-2-2 eee eee ee cece eee cece 739 Calagual........2-...020-+2-e cece cece eee e eee 739 Calagiie. 02.02.2222 2-2 eee eee eee cece ees 739, 741 Calatola. ... 2.2.22. eee eee eee ee ee eee eee ees 688 Calatolazno........-.-.---0e-eee eee e eee eee 689 Calderona amarilla. ...........---+--------+-- 569 Caléndula........-2... 22. eee eee eee eee eee 848 Calicedra.........-2-.--- eee ee eee eee eee eee 561 California holly.........----------+e-eee eee 726 lilac. 0.20... eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee 720 pepper-tree... 22.6222. 2 eee ee eee eee eee 661 Calophyllum........-.--...0- 22222 eee eee eee ee 826 CULE. oe eee ce ee ee ence eee eect eee eeee 827 | Calyptrion. ... 222.22 .0 cece eee cece eee eee eens 837 Camajon duro....--..------+ee eee ener teres 796 CaMaAruca.. 1... ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 796 Campalaca. ......---..----- eee eee ee ere e eee 702 Campanilla......-.... eee eee een eee eeeeeeeee 750 Camparaguey ......------ 2-22-22 seer rere eee 824 Candelada..........-.------ eee eee eee eee 780 Candelilla......2222.-0020eeee 599, 600, 605, 696, 60 China. .....2..-. eee eee eee ee eee cece eres 604 Candlewood........---- ween eee ee ee eeeeeeees 705 Canelilla...........-------- eee ee eee eee eee eee 617 Canelo......-2--- eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 553 Cantud ......--- 2 eee e ee ee eee eee eee ee etee $30 Caoba... 2... ee eee eee eee eee eee cece eee 560 Caobilla......-.....-2-- 2 eee ee ee eee eter eens 613 Caobo....--- eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee seeeee 560 Caocauatzaua.......-- 2. ee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 805 Capitanejo... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee errr teers 798 Capolin.......22..- 2. eee eee ee eee eee ete teeee 734 Capuatleacao......-..2----.-- eee eee errr eee 657 Capul. ...2--2.. 22 ee eee eee eee eect errr ee eee 682 NOQTO..- ee eee eee eee eet eee 714 Capuli.... 2.2.22 ..0 eee ee eee erence erences 734 Capulin.....-----22---2-22-2eee ee 670, 714, 717, 734 Capulina.......--...--- 22 eee eee eee teen rene 734 Capulincillo......-..-----:.+++ 568, 717, 726, 737, 843 Cimarron. ...-- 2. eee eee eee eeeee 717 Carana...... ieee eee eee eee eee eee eee eeeeeee 547 Carbén colorado. .......---------ee seer rere 707 Cardiospermum. ........---------2+e22e eee 700 Careicillo...........-----0 eee eee eee eee etree 819 Carnestolendas..........-------++---eeee reese 837 Caro... 2... cece eee eee eee eter eeeeseeeees 731 Carolined...-.....--2- 2c eee eee eee eens 792, 793 Carpocapsa........----- eee cere eee e reece ees 648 Carretilla......-.2..0. 0-22 ee ee eee eee e eee eee 695 CAscara amarga.......----- "new e eee ee ee eeeee 542 sagrada.....---.2.e-eee eee e eee eee ee eee 724 Casearilla bark. ...........--------- ee eee eee 610 Casearia ......0------ eee eee ee eee eee eee 843 Cashew.......---------- ee eee eee eee errr 659 family.......-2----- 00 esse ee eee eee 655 Cashew-nut........---------2 sere eer 659 Casimiroa.......------------eeee eee e rete 526 Casimirosine.........----------eeee reece 527 CasOy.. 2.2. eee ence eens eee e eer ete nett nscees 659 Caspi.........2------ eee eee eee etree 667 Cassaripe.......--2--2 2-22 eee eee cree tere 644 Cassava.....---e- ce eee eee ee eee etree eeesrtte 644 Page. Castatia... 0... cee eee cence eee eee eee e eee eeeee 796 Castafio... 2.22. cee ee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 796 de Indias........--..---22e eee ee eee eee 691 Silvestre... 0.2.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 793 Castela..... 22-2 e ee eee ee ee eee eee ee eee eeeee 539 Castelaria.........2-2. 2c eee eee eee eee eee 539, 540 Castor-bean........-2-0--- eee ee ee eee eee ee eee 622 Catalina.......... 2-2... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 600 Catamericuche............-----++--e-eee eee 836 Catena... ec. eee eect ee ee eee eres 739 Caterpillar, edible. ..-..........------------+ 617 Cauache.......2- 2... eee eee ence eee ee eee eee eee 554 Caujil.......... 22-222. eee eee eee ee eee eee rete 659 Caulote.......-....2- 2c eee ee ee eee eee etter 809 Caxcamote....... 0.2. . cee eee eee eee eee rece 644 Coaxmuttza...... 2c. eee eee eee eee eee eee 527 Ceanothus. .......----.- eee ee eee eee eee ee eee es 720 cellidifolius.....-----.---2-- eee e reece eee 720 infestUs.... 2.20.0. ce eee eee eee eee eee eee 717 MACTOCET DUS «2-2 2-2 ee eee ee eee eee eee 719 Ceara rubber tree. ......----2---2--- eee eee eee 642 Cedar, Spanish. .......-.....-+-+--+-+-++--+- 561 Cedilla......--....-------- eee ee eee eee eee eee 678 Cedrela.........2.-- eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 561 Cedrillo..... 2.22... e ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 558, 734 Cimarr6n.... 22... ee eee eee eee eee eee 557 Cedro.... 22-2. e cece eee ence eee eect ereee 561, 562, 563 Chino. ...... 22 eee eee eee eee eee eee ete 561 cimarron........-------e eee ee eee eee eee 826 colorado0..........-------eee ee eee ceeeee 561 dela Habana............-------- eee ee eee 561 fin0.... 2... 222-2 ee eee ee eee eee eee 561 hembra.........------------ seer etree 561 lim6n.... 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 524 lisO... 20. e ee eee ee ec eee eee eee eens 561 macho.........--------e eee eee eter eeee 561 oloroS0......-------------ee ee eee teeters 561 Cedrus. cc... cece cence eee eee eee eee ee eee 563 Ceiba...........-0--- eee eee ee eee eee 789, 791, 792, 794 acuminata.........--.----.00e ee eee ee eee 792 aesculifolia.............---. 2 eee eee eee eee 792 COSCQVIA.. 2... eee ee eee eee eee ee tee 791 grandiflora....-..-----00--2-2e cree eters 792 0 ee 792 parvifolia............------- eee eee ee eee 791 pentandra........-....-+22-22 eee seer eee 791 schottii.. 0.002022. 02 eee eee eee eee eee eee 792 tomentosa. ......-----0 cece cece erence eee 792 Ceibo........--ee eee eee eee eee eee eee etree 791 Ceib6n.....------- eee eee eee eee eee cette 791 de agua... 2.22.2... 22 eee eee eee eee eres 793 de ALTOYO. 2... eee eee eee eee eee entrees 793 Celastraceae........... 222 ee eee eee eee ete 676 CelastruS........-----0-- ee eee eee eee eeeeeee 679 aphyllus......-...-0--22 2222 cece cette 684 CereZa.... ce eee eee eee eee cece eeeeeeees 566 Cerezer0.. 22.2 - eee eee eee eee eerste 566 COTOCZO. . 2. eee eee eee eee eee e eee eeeeeeseee 566 COMUN. 2.2... eee eee eee eee 609 de Castilla. .........--00---0- eee eee eee ee 566 de Jamaica.......------- 22 e eee reer 566 de Ja tierra. ......-...--2- eee eee eee eee 609 occidental. ........------ 22-2 e eee eee 609 Cerillo..... 2. ec eee eee eee eee 845 Ceualchiltic.............----00- 2 ee eee eres 728 Chaca........... eee eee eee eee eter estteee 547 X INDEX, Page. Chacah................. 0. cece eee cceeeeeees 547, 738 Chacotote...............0 2002 cece ee eee eee 617 Chaetded. 22.0... cece eee cece cece cee ceeee 810 Ty 602 Chamfs. 22... ....... 0. ccc cece cece eee eee eee 714 Chamiso.........0... 00.000. cece cece cceees 705 Chancanguarica...........2..0002 0.02. c0cee 835 Changugo. ... 2.2.2.2. c ccc cece eee e eee eee 564 Chaparro........... cence cece e eee eee eees 564, 819 AMALZOSO... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 539 Prieto... 2... eee cence 715 Chapote... 2.2... 0... cece eee eee 527 amarillo............0 0000 e cece cece eee 525 Chapotillo.... 2.2... ..0... 0.00 cece cee cece 529 Chapulizle.........0.00000. 002 e cece ee eee 677, 705 Chapuliztoli............0000.0 00.00 e cee ee eee 705 Chaquira... 2.2... 2.02.00. eee eee ee eee 722 Chaquirilla..... 22.0... 00 22. e cece eee eee 722 Charapeti.... 2.022.000 0.000 e cece ccc eee eee 599 Charapo........ 22.0... 0 02. c cee ee ccc ceeceeee 708 Chaya... 22.2... cece cece eee eee eeee 636 Chechen............000 00002 e cece eee ee eeeeee 668 Cheirostemon.......2.0022 0 cece cece cece cece 796 Chewstick.... 2.0.0... 000. 0 ccc cece cee cece TIL C0) 564, 566 Chiabal. 2.2.02... 2c cece eee cc ec cee 656 Chicaquil.........2.000 00000000 c cece eee eee 637 Chichaed... 2.2.6... cece ccc cece cece ccc ceeee 795 Chichibé..... 0.00002 765 Chichicaste. ... 2.2.0... .0.00 0c. ce eee eeeeeee 628, 636 de burro...... 0.2.0.0 22. c eee ce eee eee 636 Chich6én de montafia........................ 558 Chicochuchi..............2.022.....-.2-....- 794 Chilate..... 2002002. e eee cece eee 807 Chilcacohuatl......2...000000.0000...0-00 00 807 Chilibtux. 2.22... 0.0... 628 Chilillo.....00 00... e eee eee ee ee eee 542, 610, 846 Chilillo-ak.. 2.2.2.0... e eee 571 Chilmecate..........0000000 0.022 cece e eee 702, 775 Chilochuchi.........2.2....0.....02.2.2022-. 794 Chilpate. ... 2.0.2... 22.00.0000 cece eee cece 701 Chimbombo..............0000 0022 eec ccc eee 77 Chimu. .... 0.00.0 e cece 836 Chinaberry...............00.. 0 cece cece eee 55 family... 02.0.0. cece eee eee eee 553 Chinaca.. 2.0.2.0... 0.22 578 Chinacahuite. ........0...0000000.0.0.0.222-0. 547 China-rose.... 2.2.00... 0.00. c cee cece cee eeee 781 Chima-tree... 2.222.002 02 c eee ee eee ee 553 Chinese hibiscus, ......................22... 781 Chinil-té.. 2.20... eee ccc 663 Chino... 2.2... cece cece eee eee 547 Chiquifia..........000 0000000000200 2 2 eee 830 Chiranthodendron........................... 796 Chirca..... 0.00.0... 0c cece cece eee 617, 618 Chiropetalum.............2..0...0....0.22.. 622 Chirriador.........0.00..0.0000 000. cece cee eeee 734 Chitonia... 2.0.0.0... cece cece eee ee eee 523 Chitoté... 2... ccc cece ccc ec cee 734 Choben-ché. .... 2.2.0... 0 000 cee cece ce eee 556 Chocolate. ... 2.2.0.2... 0000 c cece eee cece cece 805 Choisya.... 2.2.2.0... eee cece een eee 537 Cholulo. .. 2.2.2.2... ccc cece e cece cece 709 Chudechu...................0cccecceccecceeee 806 Page. Chumico. .......... 2.2.2. e cece e cece ee eeee 819 de bejuco. ........ 0.02. cece cece eee seas 817 de palo.......-........... wee eee eee eee eee 819 |) C0 819 Chumisquillo................ 0.2.00... cece eee 817 Chunari. ........ 20... 0. 2 2c cece cece cc ececees 831 Chunup... 2.2... cece cee cece cece cence ees 826 Chupandfa. ....... 2.0.0... cece cece eee eeeee 658 Chupandilla...........2......022..0e ccc ee eee 657 Chupire...... 22.2.2... 002 cece cece eee cee ecee 599 Chupireni.... 2.0.0.0... 0002 c cece cece cence 599 Chupiri..... 2.0.2.2. c eee cece eee eee ee 599 Chutama.... 2.0.0.0... 0 cece cece eee ee eee 547,549 Chuun... 2.0.02... c eee eee e ecw e cee eens 836 CiCCO . 2 eee cece eee en aces 609 Cidra. oe eee eee cece nce ce eee 524 Cidrero. 2.2.2... cece cece cece cee eees 524 Ciega-vista. 2.00... 2 0.0 c eee cece eee c ence 617 Cienfugosia.... 0.22.02 ccc cece cece ee 786 Cimarron. .........02 00.0. c cece eee cece ec eeee 826 Cinco negritos..............0. cee cece ees cece 820 Cirimo... 2... cece eee cece eee ees 736 6015 Cn ----. 829,831 Cirulela... 22.2.2... 2c e eee cece ee 655, 657,659, 846 AQTIO. 2... eee cece cece e eee eee 656, 658 amarilla.... 22.2.2... 0. ccc ec ee ee cece eee 657 calentana.............. 0020. c eee eee ce eee 657 campechana..............cecceceeeeceeee 657 colorada..... 2... ee eee eee eee eee 656 Corteha.... 2... ee cece eee e nee 609 de MéxicO.. 2... cece eee cece 656 del pals... 2.0.0.0... cece eee cece cecee 656 lOCO. 2... eee eee cence ce cccneues 658 00) 00 658 D0) Ee 656 Ciruelillo... 2.2... ....0..cc cece eee eeeeeeee 568, 610 Cirujano...... 2.22.2... cece cece eee ee ee 543 CiSSUS... 2... ee eee cece cece cece en secece 730 Cistaceae... 22.20.02... eee ee cee cece cee 832 CE ) 833 Citron... 2... eee cece ccc ee eees 524 Citrus. 2... cece cece eee ee ce 524 Civil... ccc ccc eee cece 775 Clavel... 2.2.22... ce ccc cece eee cece cease 780 @ OFO. 2... eee eee ccc cece cece eee 848 encarmado............ 2.2.22. eee eee ee eee 775 Clavellina.. 22... ......... 0c cece cee en ences 794 de la barranca............0.2222..20.002. 794 Clavel6n...........0..0.0 002 c eee cece eee eeee 780 Clavillo... 2.2.2... cee eee e cee eee ee cece 537 Clavo de Olor..... 2.2.0... .ccccc eee ececeueee 537 Clepe.........2.. 2.222.220. 2ec cece eee eee eee 715 Cleyera. 0... c cece cece nec eeeees 823 Clusia. 22.2.2... cece eee eee c nce s eee 824 family... 2.2... 00.2 eee cece eee eee 824 Clusiaceae... 2.2.0.0... 202 e cece ceca ce 824 Cneoridium.............. 000 e eee eee eee eee 528 Cnidoscolus........ 0.00.0. c cece cece ccc cecece 636 Coachwhip... 0.2.2... 2.2... cece eases eeeceee 831 Coatli...- 2... cece ence cece ccace 638 CObaND. 2.02.0... eee cece eeecececeeeee 560, 561 CO: 518 family... .......0.00..ccceeeeceeeeeccecee 518 Cocaine..... 2.0... 0.2 cece cece cece cece ce ccee 518 Coccus axin. ... 2.2... eee ccc e eee e ee eee ee 641 INDEX, Page. Cache, ......-2. cece eee e eee eee eee ee eee reseee 738 Cochinilla. 2.22.02... cee eee eee ence eee ereee 664 Cochiztzapotl........-.----.eeee eee e eee e ences 527 Cochlospermaceae.......----------e2ee eee 836 Cochlosper MUM. .--..--+--esseee ernst eter tees 836 Cocito.... 2. cece eee eee eee ee eee eee 836 (Of e160): nn 805. (Oe, L0) 9 <6) « 685 COCOrroncit0.... 2-2... cence eee eee eee e neers 680 Cointura... 2.0... 2. ee eee eee ee eee cece cece eens 576 Cojén dé toro... 2.2... ee eee cence ee eee eee 836 (Ore) Fs 796 de chancho..........-----e-ee eee eee eeee 798 de rata......... eee eee ee ee eee cece eee e eens 689 de zorrillo. ... 0... eee ee eee eee eee eee eres 531 Colima... ........--- ee cece ee ee eee eee ec eeeee 533 Colletta... ccc ccc ce eee ee cece eee ee eneee 717 Colliguaya.... 2.2.2... cece ee eee ee eet ee eee ee 649 Colotahue.........--.---eee eect e eee ee ee eeeee 752 Colubrina. . 2.2.2... ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 718 Comida de culebra..... rrr 844, 845 Comocladia........-.-.. eee cece eee eee teens 662 Condal, Antonio...........-..-------+--+++-++- 713 Condalia..........2-.- ee eee eee cece eee eee eeee 713 Consulita.............----2- 22 ee eee eee eee eee 569 Contra ranilla de bestias.........------------ 698 Contraveneno. .....--.---.- cece eee eee eee eee 594 Copal...........2.-.665 543, 548, 550, 551, 552, 658, 739 AMATZO.... 2-222 eee eee ee eee ee ce eee e eee 548 AMALZOSO....- 22.22 eee eee ee ee eee ee enone 548 blanco... 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 551 Chin. 2... eee eee eee eee eres 548 chino colorado......-....-----ee cece ee eee 548 d@ PONCA...... 2-2. eee eee ee eee eee eee 55! SANGO... 2... eee eee eee eee ene eens 548, 551 Copalastle.............-----e- ee eee ee ee een eee 66% Copalehi..........2-.2--.eee erence ee eee 613, 614, 618 Copalchin..........-------2eeeeeeeeee erences 614 Copaleocote...... 22.2... -- eee cece e ree eeeee 658 Copalhf...-.....-.2--- 2-22-22 e ee ee eee eee eeee 658 Copaljiote......-... 2.2.22. 2 ee eee eee ee eee eee 665 Copaljocote........-2---..6- eee ee ee eee ee eeee 658 Copalli..... 2.2222. 2-2 ee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 551 Copalocle........-----. 2-22 e eee cece eee eeeeee 662 Copalote.........----.-0----ee= eee eceeeeeee 662 Copalquahuitl..........----.+e+eee-e-+ 543, 551, 661 Copalquin............------ ee eee eee e recess 552, 672 Copalxochitl...........----------eeeeeeeeeeee 543 Copalxocotl............+----- eee ee eee rere eee 658 Copey...--- 2. eee ence e eee ee eee cence ee erneeee 825 COpOn.... 2-2 - eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eet eeeee 5AT Coquill0...... 2-22. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee rene 640 Coquito. .....2--2-- ee eee ee eee cece ence eens 794 C070): a 576 de Colima... 2.22... ee eee eee eee eee eee 732 Corazén bonito. .........--...6----e eee ee eee 541 Corba-gallina ..........---2- 2 eee e rere ener 706 CorchoruS. ..........----- 2 eee ee ee ee eee ceee 736 Cordoban... 0.2.22. eee eee eee eee cence neces 607 Cordobancillo.. ...........--e eee ence ee eeees 607 Cordoncillo. .. 2.0.2.2. eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee 530 Coriamyrtine..........-.22----- eee cece seen 655 Coriaria. .......0- 2. eee ee cee cece cece scenes 655 family.......22- 22sec eee eee ee essen teens 655 Coriariaceae.. 2.2.22... 6.2 ee eee eee eee eee erence 655 XI Page. Corona de Crist0..........-.eeeeeeeeeee 538, 539, 597 SANTA... 2... eee eee ee ee ec eee eeeenees 842 Coronilla........--- 2c eee ee eee eee eee c er eeeee 841 COLreOS8.. 2... cece ee eee eee eee eee ee eeeee 533, 669 Corynostylis...........0....ee ese e eee eee eens 837 Corythea..........-. cence eee eee eee e cece 649 COSCOLTON..... 22-22 ee eee eee eee eet eee e eee eeeee 685 Costixocotl..........-0.- eee eet ee eee tere eeee 657 Cotton... 2. cee cece eee eee ee eee ee eee 782 Cotton-tree........... ee eee cence eee eee eee 789 family.........2.--e- eee e ee ee ee eee e cree 786 Coville, F. V.....---2-. ee cece eee ee eee cece eee 521 Covillea.. 2.2.22... eee eee eee ee eee eee eeeee 521 Coyotillo... 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 716, 717 Cozticxocotl ... 22.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 657 Coztilxocotl. . 22.2.2... cee eee eee eee eee eens 657 Créme de créole...........---eeee eee ee eee cree 827 Crementillo.............2--ee eee ee eee teeters 846 Cremophyllum......2---02ecee eee eee ee eeeee 623 Creosote bush........--------eee eee e eee ereees 521 Cresta de gallo..............0+-- eee ee eee eee 668 C050) 0) « 610 ACUSPeISUS....-- 022-0 eee eee eee eee eee e ee 616 alamosanuS........-.00---eee eee e eee e eee 618 GIDIdUS .. oc ween eee ewe eee rene terete 617 amphileucus.......---------+eeeseee reese 616 OTDOTCUS . oo wee cee eee eee ee eeees 613 ag tt 616 californicus........----------+-e:eeeeee eee 614 calveSCens.........--- 2c ee eee ee ee eeeee 619 ciliato-glandulosus.......----------++++-- 617 cladotrichus...........-------+---ee20-+- 618 cortesianus.........---- 22 cece e eee eee 619 corymbulosus. ..-..----+++++-+-+2-e-eeee 618 dioicus.........2-2-----ee cece ee eee reese 614 Aracd... ee eee ee ee eee eee teense 615 ehrenbergii...........--------e-ee cree eee 618 elacagnifolius . ....--.2-.02eee eee ener eee 614 elacagnoides......2.-0.000-e- eee e eters 616 eluteria..........--- eee eee eee eee erence 610 flavesSCenS. ......--- ee eee eee ene eee ee eeees 619 fragilis.......----..2022 eee eee eee ee eee ee 619 francoanuS.. ...-------- eee eee eee reece 618 fruticulosus.....-...---2e22eee eee eee eens 620 gaumeri.........--2--.- esse eee eee eens 620 glabellus......-....-------eeee sere eee eee 613 glandulosepalus. ......------+-+++-+-+++++ 620 gonzalezii........++++--- sce enn e cence 619 gossypiifolius..........-------++++++eeee+ 615 gracilis .....2... cece eee ee ee eee eerste 614 grewiaefolius. .......--------+eee eee rere 615 humilis... 2.2.2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 616 hypoleucuS. ....... 62-2022 - ee ee serene eee 616 IMCANUS... 2... . eee ee ee eee eee enews ew eeee 616 jucunduS..........0eeeeeee eens cece neeeee 616 liebmannil. ............e cece e een e ee eeeene 615 macrodontus. ...........-s-eeeeeeeeeeere 617 magdalenae.............. eee e eee ee eee 619 malvaviscifolius. ..............+---+-s00+ 620 meissneri........---.----eeeeeeeeeeeeeees 615 mexicanuS.......--------- ee eee reer eens 618 miradorensis.........---------eeeeseeee 619 morifolius. ..........-------- eee e eee e eee 620 neomexicanuS.........----------eeeeeee 614 MiveUS.........---- cee e cece ee eee eeneeee 613 ovalifolius.........-.....--22e2ee cence eee 617 XII Page. Croton panamensis..........2............... 615 penicillatus........22.00.00cc cece eee --e. 617 Pringlei.. occ ccc cece cee ee 619 pseudo-chind....... 02.02.02 c cece eee eee 613 pulcher..... 2.2.2.2... cee eee 617 PUP PUSH. ccc cece cence ccc eeee 618 reflexifolius..........000..00..02..0cce eee 614 TEPEMS. ... 2... eee eee cee 617 rhamnifolius...............00...0..00222- 619 SChICMCANUS . .. eee eee cee ce cence 613 SEPICCUS Lee eee cece cece 619 Shepherdiacfolius.........022-.0202-00005- 616 So) 60000: 616 SONOrAC... 2. ee eee eee 619 SPhaerocar pus........02.0. 0 cee ee eee eee 620 stipulaceus.............0....ccccc cece eee 615 Stylosus.. 2.2... 2... eee cece eee cece ence 617 suaveolens.........22... 0.02 eee eee ce ceeee 616 Suberosus.............000 0.0. eee e eee cece 615 subfragilis..........00000 000022. e cece eee 618 sylvaticus 0.02... e cece cece ceeee 614 tenuilobus..........000..00. 0022 cece eee 614 torreyanus........2...... 000.020 cee eee 618 trichocar pus... 2.2.2.0... 0222 cece eee eee 619 virletianus ... 2.2.2.2 eee eee cece eee 616 watsonii...... 2002... 002. c cece eee e eee + 616 xalapensis................002202.0000008. 618 Crown-of-thorns. .................22.02.0000- 597 Crucillo. 2.22... e eee cece cece ec ceeccecee 715 Cuabilla.... 2.2222... cece eee cee e eee 538 Cuacamote. 20.0.0... 0.2 c cece eee e cece 643 dulce... 22... eee cece cee eee 645 Cuachalala..........2.0020 0022s 673 Cuadrado........2 00.002. e eee 643 Cuahualagua.. 2.22... .00.0 000. e eee eee eek 741 Cuahulote........0.0000.0000020.00.2202 2222 809 Cuaicuastle.........00000.0000000000.00.002 28 722 Cuajiote.. 2... eee 665, 794 amarill0.......2....000..0. 02022 e cece 546, 550 blanco... cece eee e ee cee 665 chino... 2... cece eee 546 colorado............0.0... 002s 548, 549, 550, 551 Verde... 22... cee eee eee e eens 549 Cuamecatl........0000 000000 e eee eee 697 Cuanabichi..........002000.0000000..0.022.2.--- 686 Cuanaxonaxi..........00000.0000.0.0.2222200- 617 Cuasia.. 2.2.0.2 cece cece cece ee 541 Cuatatachi... 2.20.00 00 000 645 Cuate. 22... cee cece cece ee 615 Cuauchalalé..........00000.00022.2020-004 0. 673 Cuauchalalate.......0.00000.0...02.2...0....-. 673 Cuauchalalatl.......22000000 200 00200200..2..... 673 Cuauchalalote........00.000002.00.0.2.00..0.... 673 Cuauhmecatl....20.2020002000.0.0022..0...22.... 696 Cuaulahuac.........20..0020000.000000.22222.. 739 Cuaulote......2.2.2..2-..000200 0000 eee 739, 809 Cuaumecate.........02.000. 000200002 eee ee 698 Cucharillo..............0.00 00 ce cece cece eee 554 Cuernecillo...............022..022- dete eeeeee 798 Cuerno de cabra...........222..20.00..2.222.. 705 Cuinim........... 0.0.0... cece eee cee eee 783 Cuitlacopalli.... 2.2... .22 0.0.0 549 Cuitlaxochitl.........0002000002022.020.02.2.... 600 Cupania... 2.2.2.2... eee eee 706 apetala.. 2... eee ee 708 Page Cupue eee ccc cec ec eeee [657 Curatela.. 2.0... e cc cece cee 819 Curatella. 0.2... 0.02020 eee 819 Cushta. es... c eee 808 Cuyamel. .. 2.2.00... e eee 701 CyclostigMma.... o.oo eee coe cece cece cece ee 615 Cyvilla... cece cece eee. 673 family... 2.2... eee cece eee 673 Cyrillaceae. 2.22... 673 Cyrtocarpa...... 2.2... 02002 658 a 706 Dalechampia................................ 623 Dalembertia................................. 646 Damajagua........... 20.0222 ......2.........- 780 Damiana.........0..2.. 0022000000202 202 848 Dasycarya... 0... ec cce cence 658 Datiles. 2.2.2... 734 Davilla.. 2.0.0.2. 0.0 817 Decatropis........2.22...000................. 538 Degha..... 2... enone cece ee 622 Dehti.. 2... 783 Delima. o.oo eee eee 818 Demajagua........................-0...-0 22. 780 Déqhy..... 2... cece eee 805 Diadenaria.... 202.000. 0eeeeeee 606, 607 Diaz, Bernal..........0....000002..--020000 524 Dictamno................002..22222000.. 202 605 Dictamo real... 2.2.22 2200..0 0000000022 cece ee 605. Diente de culebra..............2..000........ 696 Dillenia family............................-. 814 Dilleniaceae. 22.2.2... eee 814 Disciplina........ 20.000... 2 794 Ditaxis.. 2200.22 620 Devanador...... 2.220020. 0 02 eee cece eee 709 Dodonaea. . 0.20... e cece c cece 705 Dominguillo... 02.2.2 617 Doncella.... 2.22... eee ccc eeee eee eee 708, 794 Drago... 2... eee ee cee ceneeeeccecee 638 Duraznillo.......... 0000. 725 Hau de créole. 22... 0... eee cece cece ee 827 Eebalan. 22.22... eee cece eee 619 Echinopterys.................. 20 eeec cece es 570 Ek-balam . 2.0.0... e eee eee 619 Hlaeocarpaceae..... 2.2.2.2... eee eee 734 Elaeocarpus family.........022......-.....-. 734 Elaeodendron................2.........-2--. 685 Elaphrium.........022.000....02-.002---2--- 543 aloexylon ..........0... 000220000002 551 aridum..... 2.20.00 00222 548 ariense.....2..2 2.0.02 552 1) (0) 0) 550 biflorum........00 0.00000 e cece ee eee eee 550 bipinnatum.... 22.2.2... eee 548. brachypodum............. 00 eeee ec eee eee 549 cerasifolium..........0.00....02.02202... 546, collinum..... 2.0.2.0... 00.02. ee eee eee eee 548 A A 549 copalliferum. ... 2.2.00 .0 20.202. e eee 552: covillét. oe cece cece eee 549 cuneatum.. 2.2.22... 551 diversifolium ........0.202....00.00.0...- 548 CpiNNAtUM.... eee eee cece ee cece 552 excelsum .... 2.2.2... 002 e cece e ee cee eee 552 fagaroides... 2.2.2... eee eee 550 filicifolium .....0.... 0000000000002... 551 galeottianum............................ 549 INDEX, XIII Page. Page Elaphrium glabrifolium ..........----------- 552 | Escobetilla...........--.2.--- 222 cece reer eee 789 Gold MaNi.......222-.22 22 eee eee eee eee 552 | Escobilla..........---...2eee eee ee eee 566, 576, 765 gracile... 2.2.22... eee ee ee ence eee eee 548 amarilla............---- ee eee eee eee eee ee 743 grandifolium.............-----++++--- +++ 546 | Escobita dulce............-----+---- +--+ +++ 765,770 graveolens.........----+--2-02 cece reese 550 | Escob0........... cece eee ee eee eee cee ee eee 765 heterophyllum...........-.-----+-+++-5+ 547 | Esculin...........-----20e ee ee ee ee eee eee eee 691 hindsiaNumM.... 2-00... e eee eee eee e tees 552 | Esenbeckia.....-....-------2.ee eee eee eee eee 535 jorullense...........2..0--22++- eee eee eee 551 | Espino......-...2-02.22 ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 533 karwinskii..........------ 20-222: - eee eee 546 rubial.........------- ee eee eee eee eee 533, 534 kerberi......---..----0--ee cece eee e eee eee 546 | Espumilla.............- wee e eee e cece nee eeeeee 712 lancifolium..........2.2-.-000---- eee eee 546 | Estancadera.....-....-----20e eee eee eee ee eee 804 lanuginosumM.... 0202-22200 ee eee ee eee eee 551 | Estrella de Panamé........-.-..------.--+--- 775 laxiflorum.......2...... 22022 ee ee eee eee 550 | Estribillo..............-..0+-0-- eee eee eee eee 554 longipedunculatum.............-----+--- 552 | Humecanthus.........-222-2-0e ence eee eee eee 602 longipes........-----2--- eee eee eee e eee ee 547 | Euonymus..........0-.2+2-0-e- eee eee ee ees 678 microphyllum..........-...-.---+-+++-+- 548 | Euphorbia..........----.-.---...ee eee eee eee 597 multijugum ..........-2.--2--2- eee eee ee 546 anthonyi............--0222- eee eee eee eee 602 obovatum .......--...-. 20 e eee 546 antisyphilitica..................-----+--- 600 occidentale... .....20-00-e eee e eee eee eee 546 benedicta..... 0.02 e eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 601 odoratum...........2.-20-2 eee eee eee eee 549 blepharostipuld.......0..220202 eee eee eee 602 ovalifoliuM........222200 eee e eee eee eens 547 bracteata... 22.2... e eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 606 PANNOSUM .. 2.222 e ee eee eee eee eee eens 550 californica.........-2..20-0-- eee eee eee eee 601 penicillatum..........----..-----..eee e+ 549 calyculata..........02-2-e cece eee eee eee 599 pilosuMm.... 2.002222 .e eee eee eee e eee eee 549 COPUETA. 22 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 600 pringlei..............------.2. 02-22 eee 549 chiapensis..........--.----0-e eee cere eee 602 pubescens ...........22222 002s eee eee 550 clarionensis ....2.2...0-0000e cece cece eee 602 queretarense...........2..--2--+22---2 0+ 552 colletioides.........---------- eee eee ee eee 604 rhoifolium.........---....---2-2ee eee eee 552 COMONAUANG . . 2... a eee ee eee eee ee eee eee 601 rubrum............----2 2 eee ee eee eee eee 550 consoquitlae......-....-..---+ weceeceeees 601 schaffneri...........2---.0. eee eee ee eee 546 cotinifolia...-.....---------e- 22sec eee eee 603 schiedeanum..........-----2----eee eee 551 elastica .. 2.2.2.2 2c ee eee eee ee ee eee 599 sessilifloruM..........--------e+eeeeee eee 552 Ee: 599 simaruba..........-..-202 222 e ee ee ee eee 547 DR eee 600 simplicifolium.............-...-+-+22--++ 546 fruticulosa.........-...0----2- eee eee eee 602 submoniliforme.............-----e+0eee- 551 fulgens.....-....----222 eee eee eee eee ee eee 601 subpubescens..........2-.2--+--+e-+0e eee 547 fulva....... 22. ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 599 subtrifoliatum..............--..--------- 545. gymnoclada ........---+2-0ee eee e erences 603 tecomaca.........2.---- eee eee eee eee 550 hindsiana....2.... 20.0.2 02 eee ence eee eee 601 trijugum......2222....0.0.. 22222 eee eee eee 546 jacquiniacflora........ 22-22. eee eee e eee 601 Elemi de México..........--...------------- 551 latericolor.........-.-----e-- eee eee eee 601 Elequeme........--------- 2-2 eee cee e renee 547 leucocephala..........--------e2ee cree eee 603 Elgot@.....ccecce cece eee e eee e cece neste eeeeeee 594 ligustrina........2..2.--------e eee eee eee 604 Emajagua...........-----0- 22-22 e reer renee 780 longecornuta.........2++--- 22+ ee eee eee 599 Emiatabi............0...00 2-22 eee ee eee eee eee 835 lucii-smithii............0-2----- 2-2 e ee eee 603 Enchiladora.......-...------0+-e-eeer eee eee 617 magdalenac......----.-.0--eee eee erence 602 Encinilla..........----------+.+-++ 614, 616, 618, 620 MAYONG... 02.0222 e eee eee eee ee terete 602 Enredadera..........-------0 ee ee eee eee cere 712 MiSCra... 2. ee eee eee eee 601 Epaxihuitl.........2-----.2---eeee ee ee seco ee 614 melsonti... 0.2.2... cece eee eee eee 602 Erblichia............----------22 eee reece tees 847 OAXACANA....... 22-2 eee eee eee eee eens 601 Eriodendron.........--2--+-00-0+-0eeeee etter 789 OCCUUA. 2. eee eee eee ee eee eee 600 GcumMINAtUM .. 22-2. eee eee eee eee eens 792 padifolia...... 2222-00022 ee eee eee eee eee 604 aesculifoliuM........222--22 cece eee eens 792 peganoides. ........---+--eee2ee cree eee 602 anfractUOSuM ..... 20.222 220 eee eee ee eee 791 plicata........------.02e ee eee eee eee eee 604 occidentale ............-222 22 eee eee eee 791 pulcherrima..........--20-----2-eee reer 600 LOMENLOSUM .... 22 ee eee eee eee teeters 792 rOSSiaNA.. 2.22. ee eee eee eee eee ee ee eeeee 604 Erioxylum. ......---2-. 2-02-22 eee eee eee e eee 785 schlechtendalii..........-----------++++- 602 Eriz0... 2.2.22. .--- 2-2 eee ee ee eee eeeee 738 SCOLUNG ... 2. eee n eee eee ee eee eee ee eseee 603 Erotewm.....2...---00- cece eee ee eee erent 823 splendens........--------+e+ee-eeeerereee 597 Erythrochiton........-----.----+++++--222+0++ 530 tithymaloides......--------0-+eee eee eee 605 Erythroxylaceae.......-.------+2+-eee eee 518 tomentulosa......-------ee2 ee eee eee ee eee 602 Erythroxylon........---------- qe cenerateers 518 tresmariae.........------- eee e eee eee eee 601 Escandalosa roja........-.------- eee ee eee eee 780 tricolor .........------ eee ee eee eee eee e ee 603 Escoba ...... 2-22 eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eeecee 765 Oa] eo 633 amarilla.............--0-- 22 eee eee eee eee 765 xanti.........--.---e eee ee eee eee eee 603 babosa......--------- ee ee eee eee ences 765 xylopoda......---.------+eee eee e errr 600 blanca........ 22-222 eee eee eee 736,765,770 | Euphorbiaceae. .....--------+-eerrreeereeeee 595. XIV. INDEX, Page. Page Euphorbiodendron.............0000ceceeee cece 599 | Gitarén..... 2... ccc eee ee 538 0 OT hf: 822 | Glossopetalon...... 2.0.2... 0. cece ee cc ccc uuce 681 EYCOCCOT IO... ee cece eee cence ees 647,648 | Goatnut........0. 0.2 ccc cece ences 654 Exothea... 0.2.0.0... cece ee eee eee ccececcccees 706 | Gobernadora...........0.2......cc cece eeu 521, 538 Ezquahuitl.............2...... eeeceeeeeeeees 619 | Goma delimOn................0..0c00c00 0s 551 0) 533, 534, 535, 5387 C0 ce 548 Fagonia...... 0.2.00... cece cece cece enc eeccuee 520 | Gomez, Casimiro...........220000... cece cone 526 Falsa alcaparra......2.......0...c2eeee ee eee 521 | Gomphia....... 0... e eee eccn ence ecu 819 False boxwood................02.cceeceee eens 680 | Gooseberry, Otahcite...........22........02. 609 Famega... 22... eee eee eee cece eee ee eeeee :-- 806 | Gordolobo...........0 00022 c ee 618 Pau. 22... ccc cece cece cee cece neues 780 | Gordonia........ 00.2... c eee cece c cece eee 821 Fish-poisoning plants..................2----- 701 | Gossypium..............0 200 c eee eee eee ees eee 782 Gt 841 | Gouania........ 00. eee ee eee 711 family... 0.0.0.2. ce cece eee cee eee ceceees 838 | Granadina............... 0000 eee cece ee eee 705 Flacourtiaceae..............000 2c e eee cence 838 | Grape... cece ccc ee ccc ee ee ceee 728 Flechero...........0.. 0000 c cece eececceccuece 837 family. ..... 2.2.0. eee cece eee cee eee 727 Flor de arrayan......2 2.20... 0 0. cece eee eee 594 | Grapefruit............ 00022 c cece cece 524 de CACAO... eee eee eee eee eee 788 | Grenadina............ 00202. cc cece eee eee eee 705 de diciembre......................0000008 569 | Grewid. 2.0... eee ee cence ccc ccccecece 737, 740 de fuego... 2... eee eee cece cece cneee 600 | Grosella.. 0.0... cece eee ec ccc cnc cc cee 609 de Jamaica......... 2.2... eee eee ee eee 779 | Guabin.... 2... cele cece ccc ccceececceee 555 de las manitas...........0....2.cc0ceeeee 796 | Guacamote...........00 0. cece cece cece eee ce 644 del lav... eee eee eee ee eee 537 | Guachapure de la sierra..................... 744 de niflo. 2.2... ccc eee e eee c ec eee 603 | Guacima amarilla.........2....22.0......02. 738 de Nochebuena................222..-..0- 600 LO gE 738 de paisto........ 2... e eee eee 778 Le) 809 de Pascua........ 0.02. cece cence cece cee 600, 603 COPCZO. 2 eee eee eee cece 734 de Santa Catarina...................0005 600 de costa... ec. eee e eee cece eee 840 de una hora............0.. 00 eee ee eee eee 781 Varta. 2... eee eee e ccc ccneees 738 de venadillo. .........0 00020 e cece eee ee 560 | Guacimilla.........0...00.0..000.. 737, 798, 809, 840 izquierda..... 2.2.0.0... eee c eee eee eee 836 | Guacimo..........0. 222 eee eee cece 738, 809 Florida boxwood...........0.02-2. cee cee eeee 682 Colorado... 2.22... ee eee eee eee eeeee 809 Forsellesia. ......... 0.002200 cece cece cee ec eee 681 macho... 2.2.2.2... 2. eee cece ee eee 738, 809 Fouquieria. . 2.2.2.0... 002.00 cece eee eeeeeeee 829 molenillo... 2.2.2... 2... e eee eee eee eee ee 738 Fouquieriaceae.... 2.0.2.0... cece eee eee eee 828 torcido.. 2... eee cece e eee eee ceee 798 Frailecillo. . 2.2.2.2... cece cece e ee eee 637 | Guaguma..... 2.2.02... cece e cece cece ccceecce 809 Frailej6n.... 2... eee eee eee cece 637 | Guaiacum............00 00220 c eee e cece cece eee 522 Frankenia.......... 20.02.00. c cece eee eee 827 | Guaita.. 2. cece cece ec cece cee ee 555 family... 2.2.2.2. e eee eee eee cece 827 | Guajilote..... 0.0... cool e ee cece cece ec eeee 794 Frankeniaceae............000 2202. ee ccce cence 827 | Gualulo.... 2.0... e eee eee eee cece cece 709 Frémont, J.C... 2.22 e eee cee ccc cece ec cee 797 | Guamis... 2.2.0.0... 0c cece cee cece cece cece eee 521 Fremontia................. bene e cece ne eee 797 | Guao.. eee c cece cece ccc ee eeneeee 662 Fremontodendron...........2.2..02.e2ecc0ce 797 | Guara blanca... 2.2.2.2... eceecceccccceeeee 707 FLeSN0..... 2.2 cce eee ccee eee cceeeccececeeccees 667 Colorada... 2.2.2... 202 cece eee cece e ee cees 707 Preziev@ . 2. eee c cece cee c ee nacceccees 823 de COSta.. 2. eee e eee eee cece eee 707 Frostweed.......... 2.0... .cccceececcececcees 832 macho....-..-.....2.2..0.. wee c ee eee eens 707 Frutillo......0.0 02.02 c cece c eee cce eee eee T17 | Guaraguao.... 2.2.00... c eee eee ec cc eeeceee 557 ET 5386 | Guarana... 2.2.2... eee eee cece cece ce eeeee 701 Gallardete. 02.2.2... 02.02 cee eee cece 780 | Guaranine.... 2.2.2... e eee cc cece ce ceeee 701 Gallina... 2.2... eee cece eee 610 | Guardalagua.........................-000.-. 668 Gallinita. 2.0... eee eee 573 | Guarea... 2.0.22. eee eee cece cece cc cceece 557 Gallito colorado... .......20.0..0..00.02cceee 605 | Guaritoto.. 2.2... ccc cece eee 636 Gallitos... 0.0.0... 0. cece cece eee eee 606,820 | Gudsima... 2.2.22. 2 2. eee eee e ee eee 809 Galphimia. .........0. 0.002. c ccc eee 568, 569,572 | Guat... cece ccc cece cece ee cece 668 Garambullo...... 22.222... 0.0000. c eee ee ee eee 715 | Guayabillo........20.0..0 000022 e eee ee 844 Garbancillo.... 22... ..0... 00.0 cece cece eens 555, 567 | Guayacin......................... 522, 523, 524, 809 Garcia... 2... cece cece cence eee 620 | Guayarrote....2 2.22.2... l eee cece cece 685 Garrapata. 22.2... c ccc cee cence 715 | Guayo... 2... lec ec eee e cc ceceeeccceuee 708 Garrapatilla....... 2.00.0... 0 00. cece eee eee 5o4 | Guayul.... 2.2... cece ccc ceeuee 720 Garrocho. .. 2.2.2.2... cece ee cee eee cee e cece 788 | Guézima......... 0... ccc cece cece ence cee 809 Gateado.. 2.2.2... eee cece c ee ece ec eeee 50 | Guazuma..... 2.2... eee cee cece cence 809 OE 798 | Guh-yaga....... 0... ccc cece eee 645 Gaudichaudia...............0.....22 eee e eee 570 | Gitizapol de borrego................00.200005 741 eT 575 | Guizazo... 2.2... ccc c cece cece eee 743 GAYA... eee cece cece ene cece cccecce 759 de cochino. ..- 2.2... eee eee eee 743 Gitardn... occ cee ec eeeeee weeseee 705 | Gumbolimbo....................cce cece ce eee 548 INDEX. XV Page. Page. Gyminda.....- 222.2. .e ee eeee seer eens 680 | Hibiscus purpusii..........-.-.-----++++-++- 781 Gymnanthes..........-..---++2ee seen seers 647 | + ribifolius.....-....-.2..20--- eee eee eee ee 782 Gymnostillingia..........-..+-+--++++ weeeeeee 653 rosa-sinensisS..........----2+eeseeeeee eee 780 Haba......- nunc ce ccccccceneceeecsseeseerees 645 sabdariffa. ..........-----2-- eee e eee eee 779 de Guatemala........-----se-eeeeee eee 645. schizopetalus.....-...-..0. sees eee cere ee 781 de indi. .... 22... we eee e eee eee eee eee etre 645 Spinifer.......ce ccc e cence eee eee eee eee 771 de San Ignacio. ...-..---.0sseeee sere ees 645 spiralis.......2222.. cece ee eee eee eee e eee 779 Habilla... 0... 22. scene eee eee eee ee eee reece 645 SYTIACUS. 2... ... 22 ee cece ee eee eee eee eens 781 Halimiuum.......-.---- eee eee eee eer e cee: 832 tampicensis .....22.. cece sere eee eee eens 776 Hampes.... 2.2.22 ee eee een eee c eee ee ee eeneeee 786 tiliaceus........-.- 2-2 e eee eee eee ee eee 779 Hand-flower tree. .....------. 2c eee ee ences 796 tubiflorus............2 eee eee eee ee ee eee 779 Hasseltia......... 202-2. eee e ee ee eee e eee erees 840 uncinellus .......0--02- eee eee eee eee eeee 778 Hazel, wild... ..--.--..0--ee eee e eee eee ee 654 ViolaCeUS. .. 2-22. ee ewe ee eee eee reenter 781 Hedera quinguefolia..........----++---22 205+ 728 | Hiedra..............2.2 2-2 eee eee eee eee 668 Hediondilla...........22------eee eect eee eeee 521 mala. ...--2..- eee cece cece eee eee eeeee 668 Hediondo.........eeceee cece cece eeceeeeeeeees 521 maligna. ......--.-eeeeeeee eee reece eee 668 Helianthemum. .......2+.++-000eeeeeeee 832, 833,834 | Hierba de chivato........-+-----+----2+reees 700 Helicteres......-----2eeceecec ence eee e een ees 197 de la CrUZ......0-02 02 cece eee eee cence eee 617 Apetala... 2. eeeeee cece eee e nescence tenes 795 de la cucaracha.......-.-.---2-22e.eeeeee 705 Helietta........0-00. ec cee cece ee eee eee eee eee 530 de la flecha........---...e0s2 eee ee 648, 651, 652 Heliocarpus............22eeseceeeeee ener ees 738 de la pastora.....--------2- eee eee recess 848 Heriso. 2... eee eceecececceeececeececeeeeeere 738 del buey......-...-.2eee eee eee eee eee 731, 732 Hlermannia........-.2-22-- eee cece cece eee eee 798 del CANCEr....---- eee ene cece ee eee eee eeee 630 Hermesia.....2--.ccececececncnceccceeeeeeees 633 del clav0. .....----- eee eee eee ee tere eeeeee 537 Hetero meris ..-.---cc-cceccececeececeeeeeeees 833 del CUra. 2-22. - eee eee eee ee eee eee ees 821, 822 Heteropteris ......-.2...0eeeee eee e eee 572, 575, 576 del gato. .....----. ee eee cece eee cee eee 614 acapulcensis ......0.c.eeeeee eee ence eeeee 575 del pidjo... 2.2.2... 2 eee e eee eee eee ee 569, 686 ArDOTeSCENS « .- oo aa cncccaccccuccececcececs 577 del puyO.. ...---2. see ee eee eee ere eee sees 6386 ATGENted 2. eee ee ee eeeeeecceeeeeceeeeeeees 576 del soldado.......---------ee eee e reece ees 801 DeecheyaNd.. 2.2... ee ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 577 del venado. .......---------25 +e seer 569, 848 cotinifolia......22---22eeeeeeeeeeeeee seers 577 del zorrillo.......-.....---e-e eee eee eee eee 614 floribunda... . 2.22.2 ee eeee eee nee eee e eens 576 de temazcal.. ..--...------- eee eee eee eee 671 GAYONG. ae eccece cece eeeee eee e ee eeeeeeees 577 LOCA. . 22. e eee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eeeeee 620 longifolia..........eecc eee eee e eee ee teense 576 mala. ......---- eee ee eee eee een eee eres 603, 652 PANlidd..... 22-22 e ence eee cece cece eects 577 maravedi.........- eee e eee eee eee eee 681 a eee 577 YOUMO... 22. ee eee ee eee teeter eee 827 portilland..........ee eee eee eee ee eee eeeeee 577 | Hieronyma........-.----------2-+eee eee 608 yucatanensis............cceee eee e eee e ees 572 | Higuerainfernal..........---+-++++++++-+20+ 622 Hibiscus... ....-.ee eee e cece eee e eee e eee eeeee 777 | Higuereta cimarrona.....---....------+--+++ 637 acetosaefolius.............-----+eeeeeeeee 7g2 | Higuerilla...........----+----- +22 essere 622 achanioides ... . 2.22. --.20ceee eee e eee eeeee 779 | Higuerillo............---22-22e ee eee eee eee 609 acicularis.........0-2--eseseeeeeeececeees 782 DIavO.. 222s eee eee eee ee eee eee eee e eee 652 GUSEFAUIS . 0.02 eee eee ce cee ee ee ences 77g | Higuillo..........--.::+ee eee cece eee eter eee 609 OZANZAC. 0. cee ecw eee cee eee cece eee eeeeee 779 | Hinchador.. .........-+---+++-eeeee sree tees 667 berlandierianus ... ....-....02eeeeeeee ene 790 | Hincha-huevos.......-------++---+ 650, 652, 663, 668 bifurcatus ...........-0-. eee eee eee cence 778 | Hippocratea.....-......---+--2e-e eee eeee eres 685 biseptus........2--.222 22 eee e ee eee eee eee 781 family........------ eee e ee eee eee eee etree 685 Dract€OSUS.... 22.2.2 eee e ee eee eee eee 779 | Hippocrateaceac........--.-++-----ee rere eee 685 brasiliensis. ......-....0----eeee ener eee 781 | Hippomane......-..--.---+++seeeee reer eres 649 cardiophyllus.......-....-----eeeeeee _.. 780 | Hiraea.........------ 2 eee ee rece ee erect 572 Chinese.............cecceee cence cen eceees 781 GcumMinala . .....-.---e eee ee ence eee eects 571 Clypeatus.... 2.22.0. eee e ee eee eee cece eee 780 greggii. 2... ee eee eee e ee ace eceenenenenes 573 Costatus....... eee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 778 lilacina . .. cece eee eee eee eee eee eeees 573 coulteri.......22.. eee ee eee ee eee eee ee eens 782 MACTOPEETO.... 4.02002 ee eens eee eeeeteees 573 CYANOQYNUS. ... 2... eee eee eee eee eee 782 METICONG . . ween wee eee e eee neeeteees 572 denudatus........-....-02.0- eee eee ences 781 MUCTONALG .. 222 e een e cece cece ee eneneeeee 571 C1atUS. 0. ce cee eee eee eee eee ee eeees 779 OLYOED .. eee ee en eee e ener eee ee see ee reees 571 elegans. ......---- 2. eee eee eee eee eeeee 782 PArviflOTd....-----ceeeeececeeeeeceeeereee 574 esculentus..........-------2ee0s vecceecee 777 POKOCATPA..... 0-22 e- nee ee ewer seen eceeee 571 furcellatus.........------0-ceeeeeeeee eens 778 polyBOtr yd... .....eeeene eee ee eee eeeeeeees 574 fOCHTOMUS. 2... eee eee eee ee ee ee ee eects 781 septentrionalis ..........----22eeeeeeee eee 573 lavaterioides..........2..--0.-eeeeeeeeeee 730 SCTICED 2... cence cence nce eceeeeeeeeeeees 574 manihot...........-.....2eeceeeeeeeeeeee 777 SPICIGETA... 220. eeeeee eee e eee e eee e tee eees 574 nelsoni...........-20e cece ee ee eee eeeeees 773 | Hisingera..........0222---0ee scene eee eees 841, 842 OLYPAYUUS ... 20... see eee eee eee ee eee eens 781 | Hiza.......c--- cece ence cece cece eeeeeeeeeeeee 651 phoeniceus............02 ence eee e nee eens 781 | Hoaxacan............--2- cece cence eee sees 522 XVI Page Hobo... 0.2.0. ee eee eee eens 656, 657 Hog plum ........... 2.0.00. c 2 cece eee eee eee 657 Hoja chigiie.. 2.2.2.2... 00222 818, 819 MAN... eee eee ee eee eee 819 DS Co) ce 779 Holacantha.............02. 0.022 b eee eee e eee 539 Ffolly..... 2.2... c eee cece ee 674 Caltfornia...........0..0...0. 00022200222 726 family... 22.2.2... eee eee eee ee 673 oS Co) Ce 779 Homalium.............2...000 000.2 cece eee eee 839 Honduras mahogany...............0.0-..006 561 Hops, substitute for.............22.... 531, 705, 712 Hop-treo. .. 2.2... eee eee eee eee 531 Horse-chestnut............0.00.2020220.0000e 691 family...2.2.2. 202.2. 690 Horsfordia.... 2.2.0.0 ..0..0 02 c eee ee eee ee eee 747 Huacamote... 22.2... ....200 0. 0c cece cece ee eee 643 Huacamotl..............0.00. 0022 e eee eee 643 Huacamotli... 2.202.202.0022 2 cece eee eee 643 Huachécata. ........0.000 0002 e eee ee cece 569 Huamaga..... 2.2... .0 2.222 e cece eee 780 Huamis.............0.0 0000000 e cece cece cee §21 Huanchal.............. 22.0.2. 00c cece eens 707 Huarumbo. ........2..... 00 cece cece eee eeee 836 Huesito... 2.02... eee ccc cece acne 840 Huevo de gato......2.......0000000000- 700, 780, 798 Huichagorare...........2....00202 cece cece 723 Huichichiltemel...............00.00.0..20... S41 Huinar.... 22.2... cece eee eee 765 Huimare.........00. 00.2 eee eee ee eee eee 765 Huinari......2......2-...22200. Reece cece cece 765 Huizapotillo..........020 000222 e eee eee 743 HUura.... 2... eee cnc cece ee eeee 645 Hybanthus..... 2.2.0.0... 00. c cece cece eee ee ee 837 Hypericaceae.... 22.2.2... 2... eee eee eee 823 Hypericum..............022.0000 000 cece eee 823 Hypopterygiwm . 2.0... 2.00.00 2 cece eee eee ee 673 Tastd. 0. eee cece eee cece eens 731 Teaban .. 22.2... cece cece eee ee ee 617 Teacina family...............00022.00.0200-4. 688 Teacinaceae. ............ 0020002 688 Icheat] .. 2.2.2... eee cee eee 783 Icheaxihuitl.......0.0 000000 785 Teica.... 2... eee cece eee 543 A) 552 Tdria.. 2.2.2... cece eee ee 829 Tgnatia . 2.2... ee eee eee eee 645 Tex... eee eee eee eee 674 Myr sinites oe eee 679 Inanué....... 2.2.2.0 202s 551 Incienso del pafs......2.2....002200.20.-...... 548 Indio desnudo.................20.222.2-..... 547 Ingenhouzia.......2....2.222..0002.0000002. 784, 785 Tronwood... 22.2.0... 0. eee cee eee eee 673 Troucana... 222.2... eee eee ee ee eee 845 Tsocoma..... 22. ee cece eee ee eee 848 Itamo real.... 22.20... 22.222 cee eee eee 605 Itztamatl... 2.2.2... . 0220 c cee eee ee eee 794 Ivy, poison... 22.2... 668 Iztactzapotl...........0.000000 0022 527 Jabilla... cece eee cence 645 Jaboneillo............... 2.22... 0e 548, 709, 712, 831 bejuco. ... 2.2.22. eee eee eee ee eee reel Jaborine...... 2.0.0... cece e eee eee 535 INDEX, Page, Jacob’s-stafl. 0... eee ee cee eee cence eeee 831 Jamaica... 2.2... 0.2 ce ec ce ce eee 779 0) ce 779 Jamoncillo.. 2.222... eee eee ee eee 709 2) 643 ,645 Janusia... 2.2.2.6. eee eee ee cece eee 574 MELICANA. oo... eee eee ee cee cee cece 571 Jarilla.. 2... eee ce cece cee ne 705 Jarro de Oro. . 2... eee cece eee 847 Jatropha... 2.222... eee eee cece eee 634 aconitifolia.. 2.2.2... 0... 636 alamani........2.200. 02.2. e eee eee eee 639 andricuxii... 2.2.2... eee e eee eee 636 angustidens. .................... cee eeeee 636 calyculata.... 22.2... eee eee 636 CONCSCENS ~ 6... ee ee ec eee 639 cardiophylla..............0.02....00020ee 638 carthaginensis.........00..000 02. e cece -.. 643 cercidiphylla.......22....00002200 00.22. 639 Ciliata. 22.0... eee eee eee 642 CINCTCA. 2.2 eee ee cece ec eee 638 cordata. .. 00... eee cece cece 638 CUTCAS .. 0 ee cee eee eee 640 dioica... 2. eee eee cece eee 637 dulcis... cece cee ee cee uee 644 edulis. 2... 0... eee eee ee ee 642 gaumeri........ 2.220022 cece cee eee ee 639 gossyplifolia............2.0 00 eeeeeeeeee 637 herbacea. .. 0... cece eee eee cece cece 636 Jurgensenit.. 22.2... cee cece cee ee ee 635 kunthiana..........2....000000202.0200-- 636 liebmannii...-......2.022 00.202. e ee eee ee 635 longipedunculata...........02002.002002- 637 MANNE ce eee eee eee eee eee 643 multifida............ 02.22 c cece cea ee 637 multiloba.. 222.2... 000.0002 2 2c e eee eee 635 neopauciflora..... wee eee eee eee eee eee 638 octandra.. 2... eee eee eee ee 642 OliVACED .. LL eee eee cece eee eee 639 palmata.... 2.2.2... eee cece ee 642 palmersi.... 2.2.2.2... eee eee cece 635 DL 636 platyphylla.. 2.222.022... eee 639 podagrica..............0..0. 202222 eee eee 637 polyantha...........2....0..2..2.2.000-- 636 pseudocureas... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 642 purpurea... 22... eee eee eee eee eee 637 quinqueloba..................02...02000. 642 rotundifolia... 2.2.2... 0.0... 0.00 020.20022- 636 rufescens..............002 20.00 e eee ee eee 642 spathulata.........2...02.20... 02.2 e eee 637 sympctala.......... 2.2.2 cece eee eee 639 tepiquensis...........2.... ween eee eee ---. 635 triloba... 2... eee cece eee 642 tubulosa.... 2.00.2... cece eee eee eee eee 635 ULONS. 0... ee eee eee eee eee 636 VOIMiCOSAa.. 2. ee eee eee eee eee 638 yucatanensis, ................20. 2022 e eee 640 Jew-bush. 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 605 Jicote.. cece eee eee eae 547 Jimbling. . 2.2.20. 20.0222 e eee 609 JiMlocuave.. 2... eee eee eee wee eee 547 Jifocuavo.. 22... cece eee cece 547 Jiflote. 2.2.2. eee eee ee eee 547 Jiote.. cee eee ee ete eee 547 Jiotillo. . 2... eee cee ee ee eee 548 INDEX, XVII Page Page. Jiquique.. ....2..-.-- eee ee ener ee eee eee eere 794 | Lechera............. 02222 e eee cece eeeeee ees 603 Jobillo.... 2.222. eee eee eee ee eee nent ee ee 555,657 | Lele.... 2.2.2... eee e eee ee eee eee eee ce ences 794 Jobito....- 22-2202 eee eee eeeeeeee reeset cesses 658 | Lemita..........2.22ceeceeeeeeeeeeeceeceeees 669 Jobo... seceeetssescceneceessceesccssss sees: 656,657 | Lemon......cccececcececccecececeecceceeeess 524 espinowsosssvvesvvveveereeeeeeerrreetsss gay | Lemomde benry.oosososssesssessssesee 661 hembra......ccccecsceeceeceeeeeeececees 658 Lentisc0.......----.ee eee eee ee ee eee e eee eee 661, 670 NCQIO. «2. oeceeeceecceceeeeeececceeseeeees G58 | LOt@rZd...------0eeeerereececesseterets estes 787 TOfOSO. .-.-ccccecececceccecceececeseeees g57 | Lexarza, J. J. de....-.-..-2-eeeeeeee eset ree 787 JOCOte......ceceeeceecceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeetees 656 | LiBa-------20eec ee eecec eres en eetesess erste 603 de jOb0...--.eceeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees g5g | Lignum samctuM........2----2- cece eee eee 522 MMATALIGN ...--ceccaceecccccccecesseeecees 659 Lignum-vitae...........0+-+--2e ee rece erect 522 tromador.......22.20-2eeeeeee teeter eens 657 family. ..----2+-+--eerer eres es cress es sees 519 Jojoba... 2... .0.ccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 654 Ligon, Richard.........------+----+e+-e2re- 651 JOlOCIN .. .eeeeeeeeeeeecceeeeeceeeeteceeeeeees 749 | Dila..-------22eeeceeesesc ee enetseeesssc ness 553 planc0......2-2ceceeeeeeeececeeeeeceeeees 739 de China... ......-2-++++eeeeeeeeerere eee 553 Jolotzin ...ccccccecccecccececececceeeceeeeees 741 de las Indias.......-..-..-+---+------0 0+ 553 Jonote.......2.c2cceceeeeeceeceeceetees 734, 740, 741 Lilac, California .........-.------+-eeee rere 720 DIANCO.....-cececeeeccceecceceeeeeeeeeees 787 Lilaila... 2.22.22. 2-2 ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 553 COOLIO. .... 02. 2eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeees ayq | Lima........-2--2-eeeeeceeceec esses ersten 524 JOPOY .-2..0eccecceeceeccecceeceeceeceeeeees 536 ON (a: ee 524 JOPCO .. 2.2 ee ec ceecccceccecceetecteseeceeeeess 827 chicona........-.--+--+--2eee recesses 524 Juanita .....2..0eceeeeeeeceeee eee ee eee ees 993,834 | Lime. ...----eeeeeeeeecceteneesscceeseretess 524 Jubaban.........-cccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 555 Wid... 2222... eee ee eee ee ee eee teens 533 JUCUMICO...... 2002-22 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 541 | Lime-berry.......------++20-2+eerer et treect 524 Jujube.....22..22.2.eeee eee ee ees peceeeeeees mg | Limon. ........2.-2seeeer eee eesec eet 524 Juliania...........2ceeeeeeeeeeee eee eee 537, 672, 673 AGTIO. ... 2.2.2 -e cece eee eee erect ete 524 yh 672 | “i dulce......-2---++---eeeeeeecreeteetr 524 Julianiaceae.......2.2--.-- 22 cence cece eee e eee 672 | Limoncillo......-----. 525, 529, 533, 534, 554, 675, 821 Jumete. .........cee ec ee cece ee cece eeeeeeseees g07 | Limoncito.......-..-----+2ereereeercretetet 524 Jumping beans...........20+.-+2eeeeee eee 648, 652 Timonero....-.--.--e-eecee etree eee reserenee 524 JUNCO. 2. eee cece eee cece eee eeneeeeeeeeees 538,718 | Limpion.........-----+++s0reeseersetteree 765 nh 53g | Linaloé...........---+2eeeer eee e eres ettttt 551 SCLTANO .....cceccecceeccecceccerseceeeees 675 | Linalué. ......----22+0--eeeeserert rrr 551 Jdipiter..... 222.2... eee eee cece ee eee eee eee 566 | Lindackeria.......------++--e0-ee eects 839 Jute. ccc cece ccccccceccecceccceceeteeeseeess 736 | Linden....-.......222-eeeseee reeset 735 Kako.........cccceccc cece eee cece eset eeeeeee 805 family.......---..---2e cree eset errr 734 Kanchunup.......----2222e0eceeeeeeeeeeeens 648 | Linostachys........-------2+erereeeeertttteee 627 Kapoc...........--22e cece cece eee e erences 791 | Lira.........-00eeeeeee eee cette erent 781 Kapok......--.0..0--e- 22sec cence es eeeeeeeee 791 | Lirio. .......-----2--2e eee eter rr 774 Karwinski, W. F.......------00e-eee eee ee eee 715 | Lithraea......--...--0-22eeeeece errr 666 Karwinskia..........0---0ee eee eee cere eee 715 | Llaved.........-----eeeeee eee e errr 706 Kazcat....--c.. cece cence cee eee e eter eeeeees 738 | Liuvia de oro......-----.--2-- seer errr 569 Kexak.......-.. 2 eee ee eee eee eee etree ener 702 | Loefling, Peter. .....---------+-++-eeerctrtt 713 Kingsboroughia..........+---+-+e50eeee reer 709 | Lomboi..........-----+--2esseece ere etrt 639 Koch. .....----ee cece eee cece e cee eeneeseecees 622 | Lopimia.:.......------+---22ectr eect 771 Koeberlinia.........------ 202-2 eee eee cere eee 598 | Lorenzanea......-...-----2-2esrer tre 710 Koeberliniaceae.......---------0-- eee eee ee 538 | Lotoralis..........-------ee2 see rtr tt 517 Kosteletzkya.....--....---2-2ee cece ee eee eres 776 | Loureira.......----200eee-ee rere 637, 638 Kuché.......... 222 e eee eee ee cece ene eeeeteee 561 | Luehea.......--------eee eee er errr 737 Kulché.......2--- 20 2ee eee eee eee ener weeeeeee 561 | Lunania.........--.-------eee eee errr er 840 Kuyché........------- toca ececeeeececeerneeee 789 | Mabea..........--02-cce ee eer eset 646 Lac of Covillea.........-.0.0eee cence eee eee 521 | Macaxocotl........-----0+eeeee ee eer sere 657 Lacepeded.......222-- cece eee e ee eee eee eeee es 688 | Macpalxochicuahuitl. ....--------++++++-+++° 796 Laelia. ......cc eee ee ence eee eee cece neers 846 | Madera de pasta......-....----2-eeee reer eres 836 Lagartillo.........------eeeee reer eter e eres 533 | Madre de cacao......-.------++---2e errr tte 788 La Llave, Pablo de.......-----------++--+00+ 788 | Maga. ..........---ceee eee eceeee reenter 794 Lambrisco...........02-22eee eee ee eer er erees 670 | Mago......-...-e--eeeeeee ee cee ree rrr 652 Lantrisco......-----.2- eee ener ee eee etre rene 661,670 | Magot..........-----e-eeeerceee rene 652 Larret.... ccc eee eee eee e cece ence et etereee 521 | Mahaujo.......-...-2-----eeereeeeee seer 734 Lasiocarpus..-.------.0eseeeeer eee eerteescee 569 | Mahoe.......-----eeeeeecceceeeetceee stent 780 Laurel espada.....-----..2-2- eee cece e etree 844 | Mahogany.......----s2e+-eeeeeeer eerste 559 Lavatera.......222--eeeeeeeere reese etree 768 | Majagua...........-----2eeeee eee 734, 739, 779, 787 Leather-wood ....-..------seseeer secre erent 673 ADU]. ....--22eceeeceeeeecceeeeeeeeeeesees 780 Leche de Maria.......-.-----+--e-eeer creer 826 de playa...........2022-eeeceeeeeeeer eee 780 Leches ............e- cece eee eee ec eeenrrets 832 macho.......200cceceeeeeeeee cere eeertees 780 XVIII INDEX, Page Page Majagiiilla....... 22... eee eee 798 | Mano de ledn......2.... 2.22. eee eee 796 blanca............... wee ceeeeeeeseceeaee 737 de mico.... 2... 20-22 .e eee cece cence eee ee 796 MAChO..... 2.2... e eee eee 737 | Manzana........... wee ee eee eee ee ee eee eees 566 Majagiiito. ......2 2222... 734 estrella. 2... 22. eee eee eee ee cece cece 609 de playa wee ee cece cee n cc cecccucccucceuecee 780 Manzanilla......... 0.0.0.0... cece eee cece eee 774 Majahua................2..2.. ccc cee eeeee ee 739,779 | Manzanillo. .....22.2..2222........ 603, 650, 667, 841 dO tOL0. ooo cece ccc cece ccccccee. _.. 809 de la costa... 2... eke cee eee eee eee ee 650 Majahuilla.... 2.2... ...... 20000. 0 cece eee ee ee 743 de la playa... 2.2.2.2... 0.2.2 eee eee 650 Majalmilla.... 22... ooo ccc cece cccccecccccee 743 | Manzanita...........0..002200.00.. 565, 566, 720, 775 Malacate. 2.000... coco ccc cece cece ccccc cece 842 quesillo.... 2... eee cece eee eee eee 775 Malache.... 2.2.2... ...0. 0.00.2 ceeceee eee e eee 770 | Mapastichil..............-.-.-.- 2-222 2e eee, 796 Malacothamnus.... 20.2000 cee ee 769 | Maple........... 2.220.222 22 e eee eee eee 689 Malagano... 22... o.oo oooeee ccc ccccccccceceee 738 family.....2... 00.0.2. e eee ee eeee 689 Mala-mujer.................... 603, 635, 636, 668, 680 SUZAP. ee eee eee eee 689 1 635 Mapola wee eee eee eee eee eee e eee eeeee 780 Mallow family.............0...0.. cee eee eee 746 i 680 Malpighia................................... 564 Mar Pacifico............... 200000022 eee eee 780 dudi , 57 Marafin. .........2....0 0.0. c cece eee e cee eeee 659 UID. eee eee eee eee 7 : family............................. 563 Marcgravia....... 22.22. e cece eee eee 820 Vere eee c ccc c eee e cece cece eee ace 5 ‘ . . family. ......0.0000 000. c cece eee eee eee eee 820 Malpighiaceae.................-.. Tiprereeses 563 Marcgraviaceae..... 2.2.22... 000 e cece ee eee eee 820 Malva...............0... 00005. 765, 770, 801, 803, 848 | Margarita... 2.0.0.0. 0-0cccececeeeeee cee. 716,717 blanca wee eee eee eee cence eee ence tee 748, 801 el COrTO... ooo occ cececcececcccccccc cee. 717 CAMIATTONA . -... eee ee ee ee eee eee teens 803 de los campos... .............02.22e ee eee 848 colorads tee e eee cece eee e eee eee eeeeeee 765, 804 Margaritaria.... 2... .. 0.0. c0c0c0000-2-20-025. 609 COTMUD so ee ones ee ee ee ee eee este eee e eens 803° | Marfa L6pez....0...00...00ccccececeeeese eee 848 coromandeliana. ..... 2.02... 0.0 cece eee 769 Maril6pez...... 0c ecc cece cece cecceeccecceeee 848 de caballo Trt tttt tess sees eect teee cease 705 | Masahua. .......0.0..0c00-0ececceceececceces 779 de cochino...............22....00ccc ce eee 765 Mascagnia...... 0.2.0 0.c0.c2eecececceecceceee 573 del monte. ........... 0.222. seeeeee eee SOL | Mastic... 0.0... 00.00cccecceceeeeeceeeeeeees 661 de los cerros......... 2... ee tee eeeee eee SOL | Mastiche. .........00.00.0.ceeceeeeceeeeeeeee 661 del platanillo......... 2... eee eee ee 765 | Mata de negro..........20...-ececececeee eee 743 fasciculata... .. 2-02.02... eee ee eee ee cece ee 709 | Matacora....... 0.00.0. cc cceeeececeecececeee 638 il re M0 | Mata-gallina...... 000.0... eee cece eee ee ees 603 METICANA. © e ee eee eee eee eee et eee 70 | Matamuchacho............-20-2-02- 202000 638, 709 MOTO. «0. - 22sec eee eee eee eee eee eee 804 | Matanene..........0.02 cee ccceceececece eee es 573 Tibifolia.... 22... eee 770 Mata-piojo... 22.2... e ccc ce cee cceecccceee 555, 686 TOSCA. 2 ee cece ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 767 | Matasano.............0.20ceccceeceeeeeeeee 526, 527 Spicata...... 20.20.26 eee eee eee eee eee V0 | Matayba. . 2.0.0.0... cece cece ececcecececece 707 to. eee eee ee eee eee eee 736,737 | Mate... 0.0.00. 00. 00. ccececececeeceececeeees 675 tricuspidata...... 02.00.0002. c cece eens 769 | Matixeran.........0000000-- 2-02 eccc220 00 cee 673 umbellatd... 2... 2... e cece eee cece eee 768 | Matlaquahuitl................-..... weceeeeee 523 vitifolid oo cc ec ceecee eens 770 | Matorral..... 0.000000 0c cece ccccececccccce.... 643 Malvaceae. ....2 2.22... eee eee eee cece eee 746 | Maximilianea............0000.0. 00002220000. 836 Malvastrum...........2...0.0 02.2 e cee eee eee 769 | Maxocote.........00..00 000.20 e cece cece cece 658 TOSEUM . 0 ee eee eee eee cece e cece enees 767 | Maxocotl.....2......... 000.0 eee eee eee eee 574 Malvavisco............2-.22...0ee eee eee 770, 801,803 | Maxoctl.........0.00 0.00000 cece cece e eee 574 Malvaviscus.............0000 0. cece cece eceeee 773 | Mayna.... 2.2... eee ec eee eee cee 839 Mamey.............. 0.22. cece cece eee encecees 827 | Maytenus ..........0.00 0022.2 cee eee eee ee eee 680 Mameyito............. 00222 e cece ee eee 816 | Mazahua......... 0.0002 eee eee eee cece 779 blanco... ee cece cece eee 816 | Mazapan...... 22... 775 Mammea......... 2.22... .00 eee eee e eee ueee 826 | Mazaxochotli...............0 000. c cece eee eee 675 Mammec-apple...............2..0002200000-e 827 | Media noche...........2...0 0. ..ccce cece ee eee 774 Mam6n de mico.............00... 00.2222. 2e. 708 | Megastigma........0. 0.00. cc cee ce ee cee cece 537 Managuatillo.................000.0 0220220000. 68L | Melhania..........002020..20.2. cee eeeeeeeeee 795 Manchineel.................00. 0002. ee eee eee 650 | Melia... 2... cece cece cece 553 Mangifera. .... 2.02.20... eee e eee cence eee 660 | Meliaceae..... 2.2.2.2. e eee ee ee eee 553 Mangle.... 2.2.2... 00. cece cece eee eee cece 680 | Melicocced... 22.2.2... cece cece eee ence ences 708 aguabola. ............ eee eee eee eee eee 680 | Meliosma......2.. 22.0... ec ee eee eee cece cece 709 dulce... 2. eee eee cee eee eee 680 | Meliphlea... 222.2... cece cece eee cece eee 767 Mango...... 2.2.0.0... cece ee cee eee cence eee 660 | Melochia... 2.222... .... cece cece eee ee eee eee 802 Mangrovin. .............02 2. cece ce cece eeeee 553 | Memiso.............. 0.002. c cece eee eee eee 734 Manguito............0...00 00 0e cece cece eee 734 | Memizo.... 2.2... eee cece eee ence ee ees 734 Manihot.......... 2.2.2.2. ce. cece cece ee eee 642 | Merey........ eee cece ence ccc eeeneeeeeeees 659 Manihotoxine. ................00.00. 200 c ee ee 644 | Metopium..............02.. 00.0 .c cece ee eee 664 Manita de le6n. ..........0002. 222 796 | Mexican buckeye. ..............0cceeeceeeees 704 INDEX, XIX Page Page MEXYC.... 2... e cece eee e eee cece eee e rene eee 668 | Neobrittomia. .......... 22. eee eee eee e eee e eee 748 Mezquitillo..........-.---- ee eee eee cece ee eee 714 | Neopringlea.......----------+++ we ee eee eeees 706 Microrhamnus........------0-+++--e-22 eee eee 713 | Neostyphonia........--2+-+eeee cree cence 666, 667 Microtropis. ..,......-.------+++ ee eeeeeeeeees 678 | Nephropetalum. ......------+-+.++eeeeeeeeee 810 Milapé.... 2.222222 2 eee cece eee eee eee eee eens .. 829 | New Jersey tea......--..---2- eee eee eee ee eee 720 Milkwort family......-.-......02--e- eee eee 578 | Ngedni.........--22.-- cence eee eee eee eee ee 551 Millingtonia ......-....2-020-20ee eee eee eee 709 | Ngidi-...........-.-. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 551 Millo. 2.22 eee. eee eee eee eee ee eee reece 609 | Ni-in..........-- eee eee eee eee eee ene e eee 641 Mincapatli..........2--2- 2-22 e eee eee eee 648 | Nimt. . 2.2.22. eee e eee eee eee eee eee eee eens 524 Mirame-linda. .......---.. 20.2 eee e ee eee eee es 781 | Nochebuena...........-----0e eee eee ee eee eee 600 Molenillo......... wee e cece ence ec ceeeeneeece 738,788 | Nogalcimarr6n.......------+--++++++seeeeee- 562 Molinillo. .. 2.2.2... 222 e ee eee eee ee ee eee eee 555 corrienteé.......-.----- eee eee cence eee eee 562 Molle......2 22. ee eee eee ee eee cree eee 661 | Nueve hojas......-......-2-- eee ee eee eee eee 698 Molonqui.......---.------2- cece erect ere eee 731 | Nuez decalatola.......-.--.-..-0- see eee eee 689 Mompin.......------- 2-20 ee cece eee ee ee eee 657 | Obelanthera....-.....---0-2- 202 eee eee etree 816 Monacillo... 2.2.0.2... 2-222 - ee eee eee eee eee 775 | Obelisco........------ ee eee eee eee rere eeeeeee 780 amarsillo...........2022 eee eee eee ee eee eee 750 | Obo de zopilote.........----------ee sere reer 658 colorad0.......------e eee eee ee eee e cree 774,798 | Ochmul.....------++0+--+0e eee e eee reese reese 743 del rid... eee eee eee e ee eee 779 | Ochna family........---..--0- eee eee eee eee eee 819 Monecillo..........--- 20sec ee eee eee neers 798 | Ochnaceae.......-.--------e ee eee eee eee eeeee 819 Monillo............----- 2c eee eee eee ee eens 704 | Ochotilla............-ee eee cence eee eee cere 831 Monnina....... cede cece cece cece et eeeeeneee 594 | Ocotillo. ......--..2-- eee ee eee eee 618, 705, 830, 831 Montezuma.........--.---2- ee eee eee eee eres 794 blanc0.....--------e eee eee eee eects eee 558 Mora de campo....-..------.--+ sence cece eee 565 family...-..0-------eee eee eee eee e eres 828 Morkillia. 2.2.22... ee eee ee eee ee eee eee ee 523 | Oecopetalum..........----22e eee eee eee renee 689 Mortonia......... 2. ee eee eee eee eee trees 683 | Okra. ..-.... cece eee eee cee eect eet e reer eeee 777 Mosilado.....-...------- eee eee cece ee eeeee 775 | Oncoba.......--eeee ence cece een erect eeeeee 839 Mosmote......2.22. 2. eee ee eee eee ene nee eees 792 | Onoto......--------- eee e cece eee eect eeeeeee 835 Mosquito-wo0d............----++-eee eee eres 664 | Opata Indians........-----+++-----ee reer rere 652 Mosquitoxylum..........-..--+----++e-ee00+ 664 | Orange...-.-..----0---- eee eee eee eters 524 Mozinna.... 2.22. cee eee eee eee neces 637,638 | Oreganillo......----.--+---+-eeeee errr errs 848 Mozote. ........----- 2 eee eee eee cece eect eres 771 | Oreja de coyote...---.----++--++eee eres rer tee 848 de caballo. .......------- 2-2 e eee cece eee 743 deraton..... 22-2. e eee eee eee eee eee 632 de monte..........2--.- ee ee eee eee erence 804 | Orellana, Francisco....----.-----++e+ress06- 835 Muelle..........--2-- 222 e eee eee eee ee eee 661 | Orellin......------------ eee eee ener eres 835 Mulatilla..........-.-----2. 2-2-2 ee ee eee eee 602 | Orthopterygium......----.----+--+-eeeeeee ee 672 Mulato. 2.2.2... 2. eee ee eee eee eee reece 547 | Orthosphenia........----------2+++er reer eres 684 Muli... 2.2.2... 22 eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 662 | Ortiga.........------ cece eee eee rere ree 623,636 Munditos.......---------22 eee eee e reece eee 700,705 | Ortiguilla........----.+++++eeeereee ee eeece ee 623 Muntingia.......... 2-2-2202 eee eee eee eee eee 734 | Otaheite gooseberry ..-.---------+eeer errr eee 609 MyCosyTinx . 2... - 22-22 e eee eee eee eee e cere 731 | Ouratea....-..------2-- eee eee ee eee ett 819 Myginda ... 2.0.0.2. 0e cece eee e ee eee eens 680,681 | Ovillo...........----s seer eet reer eect e eer e es 645 Myrodia......... cece ence eee eee eee e ees 788,789 | Oxalidaceae......---------eeeerrree rer ttetee 517 Myroxylon.........-.2--+- 22s eee e seer eee 840 | Oxalis.....----..-- eee eee eee eee ere e tener 517 Nabanché. ........--2----- ee eee eee eee 550 | Pachira.....-.-.-.-.e--ee eee eect eeeeeeeee 792 Nachécata........-2.... 02 eee eee eee cece eee 569 1) 794 Nananche...........-02eee cence eee reer tees 564 Rs er 794 Nance........-- 2. eee eee eee cee enter et eeenece 564 | Pachycormus.......---------2-sereererteeeet 671 ALTIO. 2.22 eee eee ee eee cere eee e eens 564 | Pachystima.....------------eeeerr eters 536,679 od) C6 |: ee 564 | Pago.......2.e. cence eee e cee eeererseeresees 780 Nanche..........0-- ee eee eee cee eee eeceee 564,565 | Pajarito amarillo...-...--+------++++errerree 771 de la costa.....---.----- cece ee eee reer eee 713 | Pajiza...--...... eee eee ee eee eee ee errr eeees 777 de perr0...... 2-0-2. 2 eee ee erence eee e eee 564 | Pajuil.........- cess eee eee ee eee eee e teers 659 Nanchi......----.----ee eee eee eee ee eee ereee 564 | Palencano.....-.-.:----eeeee reece eceeseenets 737 Nanci... 2.0... eee eee eee eee cece eee eeerete 564 | Palillo.......---.eee eee eee e eect r eee 617,619, 620 Nancite....-.....-22-- 2c eee eee eee eee eee eee 564 | Palma christi.......-..-------+eee eee eeeeeees 622 Nantzinxocotl........--2...0-2-- 2c eee eee ee 564 | Palman.....--.----.---ee cece ee eee eee eres 734 Nanxa... sec ce cece eee eee cece eee ec eeeereeee 524 | Palo amargoso.........-++---2e2eeeeeeeeecees 540 Nanzinquahuitl.......-...-.-------+--e5ee- 564 amarillO....-...--2--+-ee sees ee eees 536, 599, 836 Naranja.......----00- eee eee eee eee e res 524 planco.......------+++- 541, 678, 704, 709, 710, 845 ALTIA. . 02-2. eee eee ee eee reenter eenee 524 PLONCO.. ..- eee eee eee eee eee eee eeeeees 564 dulce........-- eee eee eee cece e ee ereeeee 524 CadillO.. 02.2... eee ee ee eee eee e eee eeree 677 Naranjillo. ......---------+2eeeee cree cess 525, 676 calabaza.......--- eee eee eee ee eee eee renee 789 Nau... . eee eee eee ee eee eee teen ee ereceteee 780 chino. .......----- ee eee ence ee eee eee 547 Negrito.....-...0-2-22 2 ee eee eer e eee scene 717 colorad0.....-----.eeeee reece ee eees 547, 599, 722 Negund0.........-+2--0e cece ener e cece cee teee 690 COPS] .... 26-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee re tees 548 XX Page. Palo de Addn... 22.2.2... eee cece eee 831 de dguila........... 0.00 c eee eee eee eee 825 de Amastasio............2-..ceececeeeeeee 555 de capulin........... cece eee cece eeeeees 798 de cotorro. 22.2.2... eee eee eee 633 de cucaracha.......2.....00.02 cece eee eee 599 de cuentas...........00. cee eeeeeeeeee -.. 709 * de flecha.........0.....02020. 200222. 648, 651, 652 de gallina........2........0.0.00.. seeeeee 566 de hormigas................2...022020008 540 de leche... 2.2... eee eee een ee 651 del muerto.. 2.2... 202. cece eee cece ee 569 de millo.......000...0.022.0000- seseeeeee 609 de mulato..............2.... sence cece 658 de perdiz.........02. 2.0.2 e eee eee ee eee 789 de piedra. 2.2.2... eee. ee cece eee 839 de piedra cortefio........02.2..0202 02.22. 845 de puta.... 2... eee eee eee 633 de ropa... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 533 de rosa amarilla.............2002.....020. 836 de San Vicente................02..0..00. 569 de tarugo............. 002. ccc ee eee 632 de tayuyo..... 0... eee cee eee 796 de tinta.. 2.2.2... eee eee 689 huaco.. 22... eee cece eee eeee 733 JabOn.. eee eee eee 709 jiote. occa 547 lech6n.. 22.2.2... 2c eee ee eee 652 Marfa.... 2... cece eee eee 844 muela. 2... 2.2... e eens 615 MUJjer. 2. ee eee eee eee 633 mulato. 2.2.0... 0.0... eee eee eee 533, 535, 547 NegritO..... 2... eee cece eee c ee eeee 717 SANtO. 2... ee ccc eee eee ee 523, 831 Verde... eee eee ee eee eee eeee 831 Zopilote..... 2... cece cee ee eee 560 Palomita morada.................-.22.2-0-0- 594 Palote negro............... see e eee eee ee eeee 809 Panaco.... 2.2... 0.222 e ence eee eeees 836 Panalillo..... 2.22.2... 2 cece ccc cece cece eee 708 Panama... .. 2.2... e eee cece eee cee eeeee 796 Pafio de Holanda............0.20.0..0022...-- 600 holandés........... 002002. 0 cece eee cee ees 600 Panoquera...........2. 20020 e cence ccc eee ee 702 Papelillo..... wee eee eee eee eee eee ee 543 Paraguas chino............200.0..2-2-.0.00-- 553 Paraguay tea....... 2.22.20. c cece cece eee ee 675 Paraiso... ......00 00.00 c eee cece eee ecceeceee 553 morado..... 0... e eee 553 Para-para... 2.22... 2 22. c eee cee cece eceees 709 PariliuM .. 0.0... o ee cee cece cence 779 Paroquet-bur...........0.0.000ceeeeecee cease 741 Parva..... 22.22.0022 e occ e cence eee ee 28, 729, 730 broncadora...........22222.0-022. eee eeee 730 cimarrona..............222.0002 ee eee eee 730 Silvestre ..........0.2...0000 cece ee eee 729, 730 Parthenocissus........2.......2022.-.0--00-e 728 Pascuas.......... 2.2.02 cece cece cece ee ceeee 600 Pasilla..... 2.00... 0 222 eee eee cece 553 Pastora....... 2.00.00. 00. c eee eee eee cece 600, 744 Pastorcita...... 0.2... ..2.. 0c c eee eee eee eee 848 Pastores.... 2.02.0... 0.0202 e cece cece eee ee eens 600 Pata de pajaro........2. 22.02. e eee eee eee 519 de pava... 22.2... eee cece e eee eee 663 Pataiste... 2.0.0.0 e ene 808 Patashte.. 2.0... eee eee eee 808 aX, age, Pataste.... 0.0... cece eee eee eee ee 808 Patatle. 22.2.2... e ee eee 808 Pataxte.. 2.0.0... eee eee eee eee eee 738, 808 Pataxtillo.... 2.2.0... 0c ee ee 738 Patazte.... 0.00000. e cece cee cence 738 Patita... 2.2... ec ec eee ee 737 Paullinia... 2.0.2... 0.00.0 e eee eee eee 701 CATACASANG. 2... ee eee eee 696 METICONG . oo ee eee eee eee 696 POLYStAChYA .. 2c. c eee eee eee cee eee 698 lorfuosa............000. wee e eee e eee e eee 700 Pavon, José......0. 0.000 583 Pavona......... 20.0. c ccc cece ceceuee 780 PAVONIA. Lee eee eee eee 771, 772 Pedilanthus ............... 20. ccc cece cee eues 604 Pedro Hernindez...-.......00...0.00002 0200 667 Poem........ 22.2020 0 2c eee eee ee cence ce cee 791 Pega-poga... 2-22.22. cece e cee cee eee eee 743 Peine de m1c0............. 2.2.22 738 Pellejo de indio...... 2.222.220 547 Pelonquahuitl..........20..0..2.00.2.22 2220. 661 Pelotazo bronco... 2.2.2.2. dee eee ee 752 ChicO. 2... eee eee eee ee 753 Pelostigma........0 0000.0 c eee cece ee eee eee 536 Pepe cacao.......2.2.... wee eee e eee eee eeee 738 Pepitas de piojo....... 2... eee eee 686 de San Ignacio...............02.0.22200- 645 de zopilote...........000. 0.0.2.0 2.222 eee 560 Popper tree.... 2... 2... eee eee eee eee 661 Peralejo... 2.2.22... 0 20 eeeeeeeeeee 564,819 Peregrina..... 2.2.0.0... eee eee eee 781 PericO. 2... cece cece cee eeees 604 Periquito.. 22... eee eee 606 Perrottetia...... wee cence eee eee eee wee eens 684 Porth. 0.2... eee eee cece eee 661 Philetaerid... 0.000000 eee eee ee 830 Phylic@. 20.00. eee eee 711 Phyllanthus...........0........022000.22000% 608 Physie-nut . 2.00.02 640 Physodium...........0..00.00.00 cece eee 801 Picar.. 0... ce eee ee eee eee 636 Pichol.... 2.2... e eee 730 PlCOSO.. 2... cece cece eee eee ceaccuees 617 Picrammia..... 2.020.000 541 Picrella.... 0.00.0. e eee 540 Pie de gallo..... 22.2. 540 de nifi0... 2.2.2.2. 605 Pignut..... 20.0.0. 00 0c cc cece cece eee cece eee 654 Piim. 2... cece eee eee eee 791, 792 Pilocarpine............. 20... 2.2 e eee eee eee 535 Pilocarpus.................020e eee cece cece 535 Pimentero.........2.0. 20.2. c ee eee eee eee 661 Pimienta de América......2..2.22.02020000.0. 661 Pimientilla.........0..0 00.00.0020 2 022 eee 677 Pimiento..... 2.2... cee eee eee eee 661 de California.......0.00..0..000000...00-0- 661 Pimiento-ché. 22.2222. eee eee ee ee 720 Piflipifi. ee eee 685 Pinipiniche..................22..2....22--- 650, 685 Pino macho......... cece cece e eee e cece e eee 534 Pinolillo... 2.2.2.2. 619 Pil6n. 2... eee eee 637, 640 botija..... 2. eee eee eee 640 de Indias.................0022200 0022 eee 640 del cerro.. 2... eee cee 638 purgante.......2..2. 2.2.2 ee eee eee 640 INDEX, xXxI Page Page. Pifioncillo.........2...2 20.22.22 eee eee 603,639,640 | Polygala jaliscana............-....20--000005 587 Pinsanillo........ 2.2... 576 ltd... eee cee eee eee eee eee 586 Piocha.. 2.0... 0.00. e eee eee eee eee eee 547, 553 leptosperma.............2-22-22--22-2-6- 584 Pipal....... 2222.20 e eee eee ee eee 709 lindheimeri.............-----------+----+ 591 Pipe. ... 2... ceo cee eee ce eee cece tees 799 lithophila . 2... 20.02 cece e cece eee eee eens 592 Pipidn..... 2... eee eee 640 longa... 2... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 585 Pipicho........2.... 2.022. 22 cece eee eee eee eee 814 longipeS....... 2.0... cece eee ee eee eee ee ees 587 Pirimu... 2.2... 22.2. ce cece ee ee eee 705 lozani. ... 22.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 586 Piriqueta... 2.2.22. 00 2.2. eee eee eee eee 847 macradenia..............02...02 cece ee eee 589 Piru... cece eee eee eee 661 magdalenac............--002.. cece eee eens 583 Pishm........ 2.2.2.2. 00 0c e eee eee cece eens 783 MELICAND. . 2-2 eee eee eee eee ee eee 593 Pishten.... 2.2.2.2. e eee eee 783 michoacana. ...........e cece cece cece eens 593 Pishten-kiup.................2.2..020-2-2005 783 microtricha..............0....0.0.20e0eee 589 Pishten-puih......... 222... 2.2... e eee eee eee 783 minutifolia ... 2.2.2.0... 0c cece eee ee eee 592 Pistachio nut...............0.22002-02-02 eee 661 myrtilloides.......2..22.2...ccc eee ee eee 583 Pistacia.. 2.2.2.2... 2222 c eee ee eee ee ee ee 661 NEUTOCALPA. 2... 2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 585 SIMOTUWDA. 2... eee ence eee eee 547 Nitida. 2... eee eee eee cee eee eee 591 Pilavid.. 2.2.22. cee eee eee 528 TE 1: 592 Pit6n. 2... eee eee eee .- 789,791 OAXACANA... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 587 PixOi.. 22.2.2... eee eee ee ee eee 809 C0) 01610): 586 PIxOY 2... cece e eee e cee eees 809 oophylla.............. 2.2.2 ee eee eee eee 585 Plum, hog.............2.2..22202200202 eee eee 657 ovalifolia... 22.2. eee eee eee eee ee 583 Plumajillo..............2.2...2222.02200200005 540 Ovatifolia... 2.2... eee cece eee eee 583 Pochitoquillo.................22.2.2-0200000- 844 palmeri..........2.2...02-2 20 e eee eee eee 584 Pochote...........2....0-e2 eee eee 791, 792, 794, 836 PAITASANA...... 20... eee eee eee eee 586 Pochotl...... 2... ..0....02 022 e cece eee eee 791, 792, 794 PAITY1. 2... eee cece eee eee 590 Pochotle............... 0.2 e cece eee eee eee ee 791 parvifolia . 2.2.2... eee eee e eee eee 591 Poinsettia... 2.20... 00... c eee ee eee eee eee 600 pavoni. ......2... 22.22. e eee eee ee eee 583 Poison ivy........ 22.22. ...0 220.2 e eee ee eee 668 pedicellata. . 22.2... 2.22... cece eee ee ee ee 588 Polyaster............22. 200 e eee eee eee eee 537 phoenicistes..........2..2----.2020.00005 589 Polygala. .....-...--0---+---+ cece e eee eeeeeee 579 polyedra............2-.2..2-.2e eee e eee 587 acicularis ...........2-22 22 ee eee ee eee eee 592 puberula.....2.....2.006. pee cn eee ee cere 586 GlbOWIANA.... 2.2 eee eee ee eee eee eee 587 PUDESCENS... 2. ee eee eee ee eee 587 americana... 2.2.2... eee e eee e cece cee eee 588 purpusii........2.2.-2.2- 2022 eee eee eee 590 amphothrix..................2-..-2005- 586 pycnophylla.... 2.22.2 eee ccc eee eee eee 592 apopetala..............2.-..222. cece eee 591 TACOEMOSA..... 222.2. e eee ee eee ee eee 584 appressipilis............0.....0....02208. 588 rectipilis...........2-2. 22.2.0. e cece cece ee 585 GTiZONAC. . 2.2. eee ee eee eee 591 TEAUCHA... 0... eee eee eee eee 585 barbeyana............---...-2222-202206- 584 Tetifolia. ......2..... 20... e eee eee eee ee 586 biformipilis..............2...22...2.2.2.- 589 Tivinaefolia...........22 2.222 eee eee eee 587 blepharotropis............2....-22-2-+-+-- 591 scoparia... 22-222. 2 22 eee eee eee eee eee 593 brachyanthema. .............2-2.-.----- 585 scoparioides. .... 0.2.22... eee eee eee eee 592 brachysepala.......-.....--.---220200008- 588 SCOPULOTUM... 2... cece eee cee eeeeeeeeees 585 brachytropis. .....2..........2222-.-2-205 588 semialata............2.-2.20-0200- ee eens 592 brandegeana.............. 00. cece cece eens 585 S@rpens........2. 2.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee 583 buxifolia. 2.2.2.2... 222.62 eee ee eee eee 583 tehuacana............2... 2.2 e eee eee eee 590 calcicola. .. 22.20.2002 eee cece eee eee eee ee 586 LELENSIS... 2... ee eee eee 591 chiapensis............2...0-2-eee eee eens 589 tweedyi.. 22.20.2222. cece eee eee 591 COMPACtA.... 2... ee eee eee ee eee ee 587 VAGYANS. 2. eee cece eee eee eee 586 conzattii...... 2.2... - 2. eee eee eee eee eee 590 Velata.. o.oo occ c ce cece ccc c cc cccececeuce 587 cuspidulata.........2.....22...-22220--04- 588 viridis.........2... 22 c eee eee eee eee 593 desertorum.....-...2-2..20.2222 22 eee eee 592 watsoni...........---- ee cece cece ececcecee 592 diversifolia... 22.20.0022. 00 e eee eee eee eee 594 WHiIGhtii. o.oo eee eee eee eee eens 592 dolichocarpa.............22-20-22-2- 22 eee 593 KONGL. ooo ccc cece ccc ccuccccccuncecce 583 ee 591 LACACCCANG.... eee cece eee enone 584 CUCOSMA........2.. 0-2 eee ee eee eee eee 591 | Polygalaceae.........-----eeeceeeeececeeeees 578 AiliforMi8.... 2.2 ee eee eee eeee- 5938 | Pom... 8. 0 oo cece cee cc ccc ce cecececccecee 543 fishiae. 2... 2222222222 eee eee eeeeee B91 | Pomelo... 0... o ccc c cece cece ccceccccccccceees 524 flagellaria.......... 22-2. 000- 2222 eee e eee 593 | Pomolché............0-..200ceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 639 floribunda. .....-....- +2... ee eee e eee eee 590 Pompoqua........... 222... 02 cee ee eee cence 657 galeottii.............2.. 00022. e eee ee eee 587 | Pongolote...........--22--eceeececececeeeees 794 glandulosa................-.....02-0-000- 589 | Ponopinito..............--- Leeeeecceceeeeee 605 glanduloso-pilosa...............-------+-- 590 Popoaqua..............2-.2.0--22- ee eee eee 657, 658 a 589 | Porlieria.................222-2 22222 e cece ee eee 522 hemipterocarpa............2....-2..----. 592 | Pordé-por6....... 20.0.0 ee eee ee eee 836 intricata..............---2.-2 22 eee eee eee 584 | Poxot.........2....2--22-2-020-05- Tee eee 790 7808—23 23 XXII Page. POZONQUC. e. ... eee eee eee eee e ee eee eee 788 Pozual... 2.222... eee eee eee teens 619 Prickly ash..... 22... ..0..... 22 eee eee eee eee 531 Pride of India............. 2.2.2 2c eee eee eee 553 Pringamoza. ............222 22 eee eee eee ee 624, 636 Pringle, C. G...... 22... eee eee eee eee eee 706 Pristimer... 0... e cece eee cee cee eee 686 Prockia............-2--20--eee eee cece eee eee 840 DOUALA... 6 cece ee eee ee eee 841 ProtiwM .. 0.2.0 een eee eee eens 543 Provision-tree. ..............2 cece eee ee ee ees 793 Pseudabutilon..........2.2....22--- 20s eee eee 758 Pseudosmodingium...............--2.0++-+++ 664 DS 1 :) (sr: 531 Puan... 2.22.2 eee eee eee eee ee eeee 734 Pumacua...... 2.2.0... eee cece eee eee eens 835 Pumpumfjuche..............-2-..2-0-ee seers 793 PUNO-PUNO.... 2.0.2... eee eee eee eee eee 603 Purga de fraile...............22-22.20 22s eens 637 PuusS Mucuy............0.0 0002 eee ee eee eee 842 Puzual........ 00-2... e eee eee eee ee eee 619 Quararibea. ...........0.225 2-2 eee ee eee eee -- 787 Quassia..........2.- 2.02 e eee eee eee eee eee 541 Quaucholotl..............-....22 22 ee eee eee ee 810 Quauhalagua. ........2-.-...-22 22sec eee ee eee 741 Quauhayohuachtli................2.....----- 640 Quauhayohuatli.................-6...006-- 640, 645 Quauhcamotl.............--2-2-e0 eee eee eee ee 644 Quauhtlatlatzin. ....2.. 2.2.0... e eee eee eee 645 Quaumecatl.............- 2.2 ee eee eee eee eee 697 Quauxiotl.. 0.2.2.0... ee ee ee eee eee eee 665 Queen’s-delight..............---2..20-22-2---- 652 Quelite. ... 2.2... 22-2 ee eee eee eee eee eee 636 Quesillo. ... 22.22... e eee eee eee eee eee ee 775 Quetchalalatl..............2-2-2-...-22---2+55 673 Quiebra-hacha..............--2..2..22--2---5 704 Quiequega.... 2.2... -2 222. e eee eee ee eee eee 836 Quieriga.............2--0. 20. e eee e eee eee 836 Quimgombo.... 2.22.22. 2.2. e eee e eee ee eee 777 Quin... 22... eee eee eee eee 613 blanca..... 2.2... eee ee eee eee ee eee 613,614 Quinine plant...........-......222....2----- 654 Quidte.... 2... eee cee eee ee eee eees 547 Quirote culebra............00.. 0.022200 2 eee 696 Quiscamote.............. 00022 c cece eee eee eee 644 Quizarré copalehi.........................2-- 613 Rabo de mono................2..00-20020002- 711 de puerco...............222-- 22 eee eee eee 798 Rafz de toro... ............ 0.22222. 0 2 eee ee ee 804 Rajania............. 002200 ee eee ee eee 673 Ramo de oro.............-..2222 0-2 eee eee eee 569 Ramon... .. 2... eee eee eee eee eee 661 Raspa.... 2.20... eee eee eee eee eee 818 Raspa-guacal........... 22.202 222 2 0c e eee cece 819 Raspa-lengua..... 2.2... 22 22. ee eee 844 Raspa-viejo..... 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee ee 819 Ratiles .. 2.2.20... eee ec eee 734 Recchia. .. 22.2.2. eee eee eee eee 541 Rechinador...............0..022-002-0-eeeeee 802 Red titi..... 0... cece cece eee cece e ee eee 673 Redbird cactus ...............2..020ce eee eee 605— Resuscitado.. 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee cence ees 780 Retamo..... 22... eee eee ee eee eee een e eens 555 Rhacoma............. 20.20.22 cece eee eee ee 689 Rhamnaceae............ 0.0.20. c eee ence eee 710 INDEX, Page. Rhamnus............0. 020 c cece e cece eee eens 724 biglandulosa..... 22.2.0... cece eee eee ee 718 DINIlOTUS eee ccc cece ee ee eee 716, 717 CUNCOHE 0... cece eee ee ec ences 721 domingensis............02cce cece eee econ 711 0 724 QloMeratd . 0... eee cee ee eee eee eee 719 humboldtiana.......... 0.20 c cece e cece eee 717 maculata... 2. eke cee eee ee een eee V17 obtusifolid.... 0.0... eee eee eee eee 715 0 712 ee 719 umbellata .. 2.22.2... cece eee eee ee eee 716 Rheedia...... 2.2.2.0... ccc eee e cece eee eee ee 827 Rhoeidium,.... 0.2.0.0... 0 222 c cece eee eee es 668 RhuS.... 22.2.2 eee eee cece cece eee e eens 665 andrieuXii............2.2... 2.022 e eee eee 670 barclayi.. 22.2... eee eee eee 671 Ciliolata.... 22... eee eee eee 670 COMINIA. . 0. eee cece eee eee eeee 704 copallina. . 2.2... 2... eee eee eee eee eee 665 Coriaria. .. 2.2. cece ee ce eee 665 crenatifolia... 0... cee cee cece eee 669 glabra. 2... eee cece eee eee ee 669 hindsiana .... 20. e eee eee 667 integrifolia...............0..0...02 22 eee 667 jaliscana... 2.2.22. 671 juglandifolia......2.......0..2.....200225 667 lauring.. 22.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 666 lentii. 22.2... eee cece eee cece ees 667 lindeniana . 0.2... 0.0 c eee eee ee eee ee eee 667 MLOPIWM.. 2-2-2 eee cece e ee eee eee 664 microphylla. ........2. 2. 2c eee eee eee 668 Mollis... 2... ee eee eee eee eee 666 OAXACAN. 2... ee eee eee ee eee 670 OVALE. 22. eee eee eee ee eee 666 pachyrrhachis..................200c econ 670 Us 671 PDETNICIOSA. .. 22 eee eee eee eee 664 DL 542 potentillacfolia............2..2....02000.. 669 Le 664 radicams .............. 0... e cece ee eee eee 667 rubifolia.. 2.20... cee ee eee eee eee eee 671 saxatilis. 2.2.0.0... 02 eee eee eee eee 671 schiedeama.................. 2. eee eee 671 Schmidelioides ..........02.... 0022022 e eee 669 SEMPETVITENS... 22.22. eee eee eee enews 670 subcordata .. 2... 2... eee ee ee ee eee eee eee 671 succedaneéa.. 2.22.2... eee eee eee eee 665, 667 terebinthifolia..................2...2--.. 671 toxicodendron.... 2.2... cece eee cece eee eeee 667 tridentata .. 22.2.2... cece cece ccc cecenecce 667 trilobata.. 2... eee eee eee 669 vealchiana.... 0.2... c cece cece cece cece eee 671 vernicifera........................200000- 665 VITODS . 20... ee eee cece eee eee cece e ees 670 Ricinela... 2.2... cc cece cece cece n eee ee ween eee 633 Ricinus. .........-..2- 2-2-2. ee eee eee e ee eens 622 Riedlea.. 0.2200. c0c0cccceccceeccceeess 803, 804, 805 Rigiostachys......... 0c ce cece een enc cn ee weces 541 RimOre@...... 2. ccc cece cence cen eceeeescceneees 838 Robaldo.... 2... 2... eee eee eee eee cence 614 Robinsonella.................22.. 2c eee eee ee 760 Rock-rose..... 2.22.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 832 family... 22.00... .0.cee cece eeecceeeceees 832 INDEX, XXIII Page. Page Rocou...-.---- eee eee cece cece ee eee eneeeeeces 835 | Schweiggeria..........--eee- eens eee rece cere 838 Rompe-hueso........-------eeeeeeeeee ee eeees 844 | Sebastiania.............-------- eee eee eter eee 648 Rosa amarilla. ..........----2-- cece eee ceeee 836 bilocularis .. .....------- eee eee eee eee 652 china. .....-.-- 0. ee eee cece cece cette eee 780 | Securidaca...-.-----..ceeeeeeeeee eee erences 593 (ke: 6: \) eee 788 | Selera. . cece. ccnne cece ence eeeeeecenecssceees 783 Rosadillo. .......-.--- cece cece cece cece ee eece 560 | Semillas brincadoras.......-----..+e+e+++++- 648 Rosalillo... 2. ..2.2---2e eee e eee e eee eee neers 831 de Pi0jO. . 2.2.2.2 eee e eee eee eee ee eee eee ees 686 Rosanthus.. ....--...0e0eeeee eee c ener eceeeee 570 | Sericodes......--.-----eeeeceeeceeeterersseee 523 Roselle... ......2-2-2 eee eee e ence rece eeeeees 779 | Serjania..........2..-.eeceeeee eee eee e ee eee ee 692 Rose-of-Sharon. ..........---------eeeeeeeeee 781 acapulcensis .....2..eeee eee eee eee ee eens 697 Rosval....... cece eee eee cece eee eee cee eeeneee 614 adiantoides. .....-------eeeeece reece eee 694 Rubaldo.. ....-..-----e cece eee e cence een eeeee 614 albida...........seee--- eee eee eee e er eee 697 Ruda.... 2... cece ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eceneee 534 brachycarpa.....-.-----2eeeeeeee eee reese 697 Rue family.........--.- 222s ee cece eee eeeeeee 524 brachylopha........-------+-seeeeee seers 696 Ruibarbo........---2-2--2 cece eee e eres eens 637 brachystachya...........------2ee eee eee 695 Rutaceae..... 22... ee eee ee eee eee eee eres 524 californica..........0------- eee e reece ees 698 Rutosma...... 2-2-2 ee eee e eee cence eeeenee 530 cambessediana.......--0e-ee- eee cere eee 694 Sabia family.........-.----0- eee eee eee eens 709 CATACASAND.... 2.0. --- eee eee eee e cence eres 696 Sabiaceac........----2. eee eee cece eee eer eee 709 cardiospermoides .....--.-----+-++++--++° 695 Sacatrapo. .......0--ee eee eee eee e cece eeee ees 798 CYSLOCATPO. 6... 22 eeeeeeee cece ence eee e ree 699 Sac-chacah ........2..0--- eee eee ee eee eer eee 602 emarginata.........-----. eee eee ee eee 697 Sacxin... 2... cece ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eeeeee 753 flaviflora. . 2.222... eee ee ee eee eee eee cece 698 Safford, W. E........-------- eee seer eee eee 548 fuscopunctata. ...---...ee cesses renee eee 698 Sageretia.....----...eeseeeeee ence eect eters 724 goniocarpa. 2 ...--------eeeeeeee ener eeee 695 St. John’s-wort family ......--------------+- 823 POSH... eee ee eee eee eee e ee ner e ete teees 697 Salt-cedar.....-.....-.---ee eee eee wee eee eeeee 828 heterocarpa......-..--- cess eee e cree cere 694 Salvia .... 22.22. eee ee ee ee ee ee eee teen eect eee 618 {MPTCSSA.. 2. eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eeeee 695 de la playa...-...--------ee eee e eee eee 614 {NCISA... 2... ee eee ween ee ee eee eee eee eneee 699 Samyda.... 2.22222. eee e eee eee eee eee ee eeeee 842 inflata ......002 ee eee eee eee eee eer e ne ees 699 nitidd.......0-.-0--- eee cere eee cece eeeee 845 insignis..........-------eeeeee eee eters 695 parviflora... 22.00.22 --eeee eee ee seen ereee 844 MACTOCOCCA.... 2-22 e eee ee eee eens 698 San Juan....--...---- ee eee eee eee eer eters 848 Mexicana.......--- eee eee ee eee eee tees 696 del Cobre. .......---- cece e cece eee e teen 637 OAXACANA...... 2... ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 695 Sandbox tree........-..------ eee eee eee eee 646 pacifica.... 2... cee eee ee eee eee eee cece 699 Sangolica.......2---.. eee ence ee eee ee eens 662 palmeri.... 2.2.2... ee eee ee eee ee eee eee 697 Sangre de drago......-----------ee eee rere 615, 638 paniculata. .......-...eeee esse eee errr eee 696 de grad0........-----0e eee cece ence scenes 638 plicata........---------ee ee eeeeee ee eeee 696 eM grado...... 2... 2. - eee eee eee tere eee 639 polystachya. .......-----2--eee eter errr ee 698 Sangregado..........-----+---2 eee eee 615, 638, 640 TACCMOSA. .... 0. eee eee cere cence eee e eres 698 Sangregrado.....-....----------e+e eee 638, 639, 640 TOKOL. . 2. ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eens 696 Sangrillo. ........2-... 0. ee eee ee eee eee eee 615 rutaecfolia...........-.ee ee eee eee enter ee 697 Sanjuanero....-...---- 022 ee eee eee eee teers 847 SCALCDS . cee ee cece cece cece tees eeeesereees 696 Santa Catarina. ..-........---- eee ee eee ee eee 600 schiedeana....------- eee eee e reece errr 695 Sapindaceae.......--.--.. eee eee eee eee eee ee 691 sordida. ......---- eee eee ence eee eee reeeee 698 SapinduS..........---0----eee rece ee eerie 708 sphenocarp9......------0++-22ee reer 699 glabrescens.....----00--- cece eset e trees 559 subtriplinervis .. .-.------++----+eeeee ree 698 Sapium... .....--2..-----e ee eee eee creer 651 trachygona.......------eee eee eee eee 695 acutifoliuM. .....--2-202e- cere een reer eee 653 trifoliolata.........-------2e ee eee eee eee ee 694 ZELAYENSE...- eee e eee eee e ere cence eect eee 653 triquetra.....-. 22. eee eee ee ee ee eeeee 695 Sapo. . 22.22. cee eee ween eee eee ee er enersts 603 VOSICOSD. cece cee e eee eee eee e ee reretenee 697 Saponin......-..---.e-ee cere eee eee eee 522,709,712 | Scrophyton......----.-eeeeeeeee reece setts 621 Sapote, white........---------e eee eee e teers 527 | Shaddock........-------- eee eee ere eters 524 Sapot6n.... 2... eee eee eee ee eee eee e cece ees 793 | Sheepnut.........2.-----ee eee reer e estes 654 Sargentia.....-.....0-eee eee eee eee eee e renee 525 | Shoeblack-plant .....---------2-+- eerste eres 781 Sarna de perro.......--------- eee eee reer eee 844 | Shoe-flower plant.....-.--------e-see eee teers 781 Sarnilla.......-.-. cece eee eee cece errr e eens 844 | Siclte... 2.0.2. eee eee eee eee reer ne erence 640 Sastra......---. 2 cece eee eee recente er eeree 827 | Sicomoro....-..----2-+ eee eee rere errr treet 689 Saurauia. .....-.- eee eee eee ence eee etree B14 | Sicyos. cc... eee eee w eee cece eee eee nen ceees 732 Sayolistle........-.--222 50s eee eee ee eee rete 722 | Sida.......e.-- cece ence ence cece cress resereces 761 Scandivepres....----0+000e2eece cece esters 684 acerifolid......---.eeee eee ee eee eset er eee 748 Schaefferia. .......---.- eee ee eee eee eee eres 682 ACULD. ... cece eee eee e cece eee teeter reece 765 SclinuS. ........----- eee eee eee eee eee eee 661 ALPTOLALA. ... 2. seen eee eee eee e eens 766 discolor ....--.--0-0eee ence ec ence e rec ereee 671 GIGMOSANA ...- eee eee cence eee eet 767 1 eee 533 ne 748 Schmaltzia.......----.--2-20 eee eee cece eens 669 amplerifolid.......0--eeeeeee ence e ee eeeees 750 Schmidelia...........------eeeee ce eee reece 704 amplissiMa ......----2000eee eee ee eee ee 756 XXIV glutinosa........... 2.0.2 Ce spinosa........2 22.22.0202 0222 eee Stricta.. 2... ccc cece eee INDEX, Page. Page. 766 | Sida viscosa...... 0.20... ec cece cece eee 759 763 Kanti. ec cee eee ee eee 765 767 | Sierrilla... 2.2.22. 0 0. cece cece eee eee 696 759 | Siete-cueros...............0...00.00----0-- ee. 609 767 |" Siguaraya.........0 00. eee cece eee eee eee 554 760 | Silicon in leaves.......................-..... 819 767 | Silk-cotton tree....2..2...00000000000020.00.. 791 765 | Simaba bicolor...........................-... 538 762 Cedron. 2... e cece ee eee 538 763 | Simarouba...........000.. 0.0. c ccc eee cece 540 767 | Simaroubaceac..............2.........-..-.. 538 764 | Simaruba............000.0000000020 000 eee 540 766 family... 2.02... 0c eee cece cece ee eee 538 767 | Simmondsia.............00000..0000.0000004- 65 766 | Sipché.... 2... ce eee 567 766 | Sirthuelas............0.2..0........----...-. 657 760 | Sirimo..... 2.2... cee eee c cece cece ee 736 763 | Sisiote.. 2.22.2... eee cece cece cece 552 755 | Sismoyo........ 0... cece eee eee cece cece 657 765 | Skunkbush......................002.00000--. 669 767 | Slipper-plant..........2...2...............-. 605 764 | Slippery elm............0.......00.00..00.05. 797 756 | Sloanea............ 0... cece eee cee ce ce cecceee 734 766 | Smodingium............ 20.022 cec cece eee ee 664, 665 764 | Soapberry family............................ 691 760 | Soap-bush............000.. 0. ccc eee cece cee ee 522 760 | Sochicopal..........0000.. 02 .ccecececeeceeeee 543 755 | Socoyol..... 22.2... 2... e cece ce cccceeeeccceuce 517 767 | Solimdn............0000 00000 e eee eee 616, 617 766 blanco... 22.2... eee eee ee cce eee ceceeee 617 767 prieto... 2... cece cece ce ccc cce 614 763 | Solimanché..............02.0...22.....220---- 645 751 | Sorrel, Jamaica.......................2..2... 779 764 | Souroubea..........0..0 000 c eee cece cee cece 820 766 | Spanish buckeye......................2..0-. 704 753 C6) 561 752 | Sphaeraleea. ......... 0.0.02 cece cece eee cee 767 760 PTULICOSA cece cee eee 764 764 | Spondias..............0. 0000... cece eee eee eee 656 766 | Spondylantha...........0 0.00000 cece cece ce cee 731 763 | Spurge family...........02.0000000000...00-. 595 763 | Staphylea........0.00 20.202. c ee cece eee 687 763 geniculata..... 2.2... cece cece eee eee ceee 524 762 occidentalis. ........00. 000 eee cece cee eee 688 764 | Staphyleaceae..........2..22. 02020. c ccc eee 687 760 | Star gooseberry..........-......000. cee eeeee 609 764 | Stauranthus...............0000.0...0.000000- 528 763 | Sterculia............ 22. cee cece eee 795 766 | Sterculiaceae.......... 22.22. 794 765 | Stigmaphyllon...............02..0....00-005 577 766 | Stilaginella... 2.22.2... 0.2 ee 608 763 | Stillingia..... 2.2.2... eee ee 652 765 appendiculata...........0.02.c cece cee ees 651 764 | Stillingine........... ween eeceoteeeerecucncan 652 764 | Strychosignatii..................0..00..0005 645 766 | Styphonia...........00.00 00 cee eee eee eee 667 763 | Suchicopal................. ccc ceeecececucece 543 766 | Stchil...... 2.2... e eee ccc eee eee e cece 780 763 | Sugar, maple........2.22.....020ce eee eee eee 689 765 | Sumac. ...... 2.2 eee eee eee e cece cn eececeueee 669 753 | SumMacd.......2 22. e eee ee ew cece ce cececeuees 666 753 Cimarr6n........... 20... 666 767 | Suponite.............ccccccccccceeeeecceceee 803 755 | Suriana........... 2... eee eee eee ee eee 538 766 | Surianaceae.................. 2 2c eee ee eee 538 767 | Swietenia................00 00.0.0 559 INDEX. XXV Page Page. Switch-sorrel....----.------++ee-eee reece eee 705 | Terebinthus biflora..............-.0.0-.ee eee 550 Taanché.......-.-...- eee eee een eee eee ne cree 619 brownei........... cece cece ce ceeeeeeeeees 664 Tabkanil..........-----eee eee cece eee eee eee 731 longipeS.......-......ee cece cece eee ences 547 Tabl6n........----- eee ee eee cece creer e neste 738 macdougalii.... 2.2.22... cece e eee eee eens 552 Tablote. .......--.---- cece e eee eee eee eeeeeee 809 Multifolia... 22... eee eee eee ee eee eee 548 TACOMAaca....--- 2... cere eee e ee eee cece eee eeees 543 Cg) 550 Tacamahaca............222- eee e ee ee ee eens 547,550 Subtrifoliaia........-. cece e eee eee eee eee 545 Taeniostemma. ....--.-----e0ee eens eee ee eeeee 833 | Ternstroemid......-2--2+--eee cece ee eee eeeee 822 Talaya.. 2.222... eee eee eee eee eter e eens 828 | Terré......... 202.2 ec eee eee cece eee e cee eeees 618 Talisia.......-... 0c eee ee eee e eee cence eens 708 | Teta negra.....-..--2- 222 eee cece eee eee eee 808 Taman........--- ee eee ence eee eee eee eer etees 783 | Tetereta.............2. cece eee eee een eee eeeee 645 Pamaricaceae........-----22---eee cere eee eee 828 | Tetlate.......---...----2.5-6+ eesececeeeees 548, 663 Tamarindillo.....--...------2------ eee reece 540 | Tetlatia.............-- 2-22 eee ee eee eee eee 548, 663 Tamarisco...---.-------02e2 eee cree e eects 828 | Tetlatidn..............0-0.eee cece eee ee ee eee 548 Tamarisk......-...------+--eeeee rere reer eee 828 | Tetlatin............0.---- eee eee ee eee eee eee 548 family........--2----- ee eee ee eee eee eee 828 | Tetracera..........-..0e2eeeeeeee cece cece eee 818 Tamarix........----2seeeeecee eee cece eects 828 | Tetracoccus.........----cee--eeee reer eeeeees 607 Tamariz.......-2-- 00-222 e ee eee eee teeters 828 | Tetrapteris...........0...ceeeeeee eee e ee ee ees 571 Tamaulipa...--....------- 222 ee eee eee eee 604 | Texas buckeye. .............ceee eee eee eens 704 Taonabo.......-----.-e eee e cece e cere erent 821 | Teyaqua............0e-2eeeeeeec eee eeee eters 796 Tapate.......------- 2-2 eee e eee e ere ee eee 640 | Thamnosma.......-....-22eeeeeeeeeeeeee eee 530 UD) c: oe 644 | Thea. .......-cececceccccccceccceecececcceees 821 Tapirira.......... 002s ee eee ee ee ee ence eee eee 658 | Theaceae.........ccccccececccceceecceceeeees 821 7 1 ee 659 | Theobroma...........--secceceeceececeereees 805 Taravalia. ....------+++22eee seer teeereeees 531 | Thespesia. 2.0.0.2 ceeeeeecee eee eeeeeeeeeeees 787 Taray ..... 2. eee ee eee eee cence eee eeeeeee 828 | houinia.......--.---sceeceeeeececeecceeeees 704 Targua..-.....2--2-eee reece ee rer ec teeeeee 615, 618 CeCONTO. . occu cecccccccccccccceccceecces 708 Targuacillo. ....... 6.6222 eee eee eee eter ees 618 INSIQNIS. 0.0... c cee c cece eee eee e ee eeeee 708 TArtago...-.---------- eee e eee eesectte reese 640 TIPATIO. 0. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eect 708 Tartora.....-.---- cece cece cece ee eect eee eeeee 637 | qhouinidium............c..cecececeeeceeeee® 708 Tatatian ..-.-..--+----2eeereeee erect recess 663 Thryallis........-.. 222-02 ceeee eee ee eee eens 568 Tatatil.......----. 0.2 eee eee eee eee 663 TULA... -ccccccceccecceceececeeeeceeeecees 789 TE. 20. ee eee ee eee ee eee eee nre st ccs ste ec css eee ss 736 Thurberia.......--.. 2-02.22. e eee eee ee ee eeees 785 de perla.....-.------ eee eee eee reer e eee ees 736 Tinta... ..cceccececceecececseeeeecececsees 794 TeO.-----022eeeeeec reese eeeccetesceescce ess 530,821 | Diver caca0....2...cc+eeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeees 808 family...------+++--++erereer reese eerees 821 | Dilia........ecceeeceeeceeececeeeeeeeeeeeeees 735 Tebincha...........---c. cece cece eee ee ecco 765 TiliaCOAe... ......ccccsecceeeeecececececeeeees 734 Teclatilla........------- cece eee c eee e ee ceeeeee 663 TiO... ccc cecesecceceeseeeeeeeccecceees 736 Tecomaca.......-.22-ee cece eee cteeeeeseeees 543 | i mbonine..........sccscseceeeeceeceeeecees 703 Tecomasuche. .......------+.e222eer etree 836 Tirimo. ...... 2... .,cseceeeeeseceeeeteceeee: 736 Tecomasitichil we eee eee eee eee eeeeeese 836 TiStS. ........cccceccseceeeeccececeeeeeeess 655 Tecomaxochitl........-.----+-+eeeee cent eee 836 Ti thymalus ee 599 Tecomblate........-----0eee ee eee eee teens 713,714 Titi weeeeecsceceeeee — , 673 Tecote prieto...........-------ee eee eee eee 638 Titilamatl..........ccccceeeees — ee 794 Tehoitzli..-----2-2220-s-2seeereeeeresecseees 709 | WitO. coon cceseeseseereseneecenseeesees 823 Tehuistle. ...---.------++++eereerr rest eee eee: 700 Tlacamazatcazqui........-------2-e-eee eee 731 Tehuixtle...-----++-+--+2eerrreeeerenessccss 709 | MachicOn......2..--00eceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 819 Tehuiztle.....-------++00reeree reeset eeesees 109 | iMachinole. .....c...c.2sceeeeeeeeeeceeceses 615 Telondilla..........----+-ee--eeee eee weeeee 638 Tlalcapolin..--...--ssscseseeeseeeeseeseeeees 7 Temaichia.-..----+--+-++---+2eereerereece es 670 | palcapollin...........+---+00eeeereeeeeeeees 726 Temazcal........-----eee eee e cece cece eeeeetee 671 Tial tat 655 Pemecatl.......222-e2ecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 731 alocopetatle...-----+++-2rererreeerer cere ees 635 Tempacte.......0--20eeeeeeeee ence reer eeeees 640 | Tlalocopetlatl....-.------+++2+-+-ssrereerers 638 TPompate.........00e-c0eeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeees 649 | Tlapalezpatli........--------seerrerceeeer eee 5gg | Tlapatl.....--------sereereees sees erertetees 622 Temporana....--.----- 2-02 seer rere ert TintlanquayO......cccccccccecoceceeeenesenses 698 Tencuanete....-....22200eeeeee eee eee eee eee 599 allanquaya---------2eeerererrreosees 709 Tenquanete.........-222200eeee ee eeeeere eee p99 | Tlaxistle....-....-+--++-seseereecsesseseesss eae Teocotillo. .....2.20ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeees gg | Tnu-ndé....-.--+.sereeseeeeeee reeset recesses 799 Tepezapote........c2e0-eeeceeeeeeeceeeeee 821,822 | TMU-YOOCG...-------+-eeeerereerees eres ese es 63 Teponaxtle...........0.cee0eeeeeeeeeeee sees 543 | Tocote Prieto. .......--- eee e eee ee eee eee eens 8 Teponaxtli cece cece neasgeeeeeeeeecseeeeeeees 543 i if) (0) As 739 Teponaztli nee cence wc eee nese ce een eeseeseseree 543 Tomeguin Bowe rater eeeaeererarcorccsserereses 533 Terebinthus acuminata.........-.-2-0+---++++ 547 | Tontelea........ seneeeseessereessceneenssees 686 arbored. .... 2... eee eee eee 547 | Torchwood family.....-.------+----+-+-+-++++ 542 GTidd......--ec- cece cece cece eect ee eters 548 | Torcidillo....-.....2..5-----e eee ee errr 798 attenuata........--00e. eee eee eee eens 547 | Tornillo.........---2-eeeeee erences entre 798 XXVI Page TOPONja....... 2.22. cece cece eee ee nececcceecces 524 Torote.......... 2. eee e cece eee e eee 548, 549, 550, 638 amarillo... 2... ...0 2.02. c cece eee eee e eee 638 Dlanco. .. 2.2... eee eee cece cece e eee 548, 672 prieto..... 22.2... eee eee eee ee 550, 638 0 6 (ce 831 Torotillo.... 2.02.02. cece cc cee ccc cece cceee 831 Torotito.. 22.2.2... eee ce cece cece cc eeee 639 Tostoncillo... 2.2.0... 2 eee cece cece ee cee 617 Toxicodendrol.... 2.2.2... 2.02 e eee c cee ucuceee 668 Toricodendron. ......2020ccccccceeecccccces 667, 668 Torosiphon......222....+. weet eee cence cence 530 Tragia.. 2... e cece c cece cee cee ceccceee 624 Trementino........00. 2.0. eee ec ee ece cece cess 557 Tribromd ... 02 e eee e cece cnn ceceeee 808 YE 680 Trichasterophyllum. ........c0ccececcececenee 833 Trichilia.... 0.0... lee cee ee cee eee ce enc ceee 554 Prichosterigma ...... 0. ..c0cc cece ceceeeeeeeees 601 Triopterts... 00.020. cc cece ccc ccecccccccccccees 571 Tripas de Judas. 2.2.2.2... ..cc cece eee cee e ee 731 de Vaca... cece eee c eee cece cence 731 de zopilote...... 2.2.0... cece ec ence eee 731 Triphasia.......... 00000 e eee eee e cece eee ee 524 ee 823 Triumfetta..........00 2222 l cece cee ce ce eee 741 acracantha. . 2.2.00... 02. cece ee eee ce eee 745 althacoides.. 22.22.2000... 0. cece ee eee eee 743 apetala.. 2.2... cece eee eee eee 7 botteriana .. 2... eee cece cece enn eee 743 brachypetala....... 2.2.00 .02cccecceeccceee 746 brevipes... 2.0.0.2. c cece cece eee eee 745, chihuahuensis.....................-..... 744 columnaris. ..............02-020.00-c00-e 744 Coriacea. . 2.2.2... eee cele eee ee eee eee 744 cucullata.. 2.2... eee cece ee ee eee 744 dehiscens........ 2.0... c cece eee c eee eee 745 discolor............... wesc eee eee eee eee 746 dumetorum...........0....00 0 ee eee eens 743 falcifera..... 2.0.2.0. 022s ee ec cece encase 745 galeottiana. 2.2.2.2... cece ee eee cee ee eee 746 goldmanii.......... 2.0.0. cc elec eee 745 grandiflora. ............ 0. ee ee eee 745 insignis... 2.2... cece eee ce eee eee eee eeee 744 lappula... 2.2... e eee ee 743 a 743 longicuspis.... 00.0000. c cece cece eee e cece 745 mexicana..........0.0 0c e eee e ee eee ee 745 microcalyl .. 2.2... 00 c eee cee cece eee cece 743 micropetald..... 2.00. e cee nec cecececcece 743 Obovata ..... 2. eee eee ce cece cece 744 Oligacantha..........2 2.00.0. c cece eee eee 746 Orizabac.... 22.2. 2. eee eee cee cece eee 746 oxyphylla...... 2.2.2... cece e eee ee 746 palmeri... 2.2.2.2... 2. eee eee eee eee 745 paniculata........2.........0..0000 22 e ee 746 polyandra...............0.00022 2. 000-. 744 pseudocolumnaris ........... 2c c cece eee 744 semitriloba............00.00 000 e eee e eee 743 socorrensis............000 2 cece eee cece eee 745 Spcciosa. . 0.2... eee ee eee cee e ences 743 Trompillo...............0.. 2. cece eee eeceeeee 603 Tromador... 2.2.2.2... eee ec ccc ew eee cece eee 753 TtzacthOimi.... 2.2.0... 0c cece eee cece ence 661 Ttzacthunni...............0 0. 0c eee eee eee 661 Page TOY... ccc cece cence cee ceccuce 783 Tulipan.. 2.2... eee cece eee eee eee 780 0) 780 Tullidor... 2.22.0... cece eee eee ee ee cece eee 717 Tullidora...........0 2.02 cece cece ec ccc eeee 717 Tulubalam.......... 0.002 c ee ceecceeccecceee 686 Tumba-vaqueros..........222.c2cceceeeeeeee 731 Tumbile.... 222... 20.00 c eee cece 789 TUurizo.. 2. eee cece eee eee c eee see 697 Turnera... 2.2... eee eee ec ee ce cee ceeeee 847 family... 2.022... eee ee eee tee eee eee 847 Turmeraceae...... 2.02... ee eee eee ee eee eee 847 Turpentine tree... 2.2.2.2... 2. cece cece cece 661 Turpinia. . 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 688 Ys 632 Tzapkiuk. .-. 2... .. cee c cece eee eee 524 Tzapposh. . 2.22... 2.002 cece ee eceecceeeceee 524 Tzaptzouk. . 2.2.2... c cece eee eee 524 Tzapt2uik. 2... eee eee eee eee 524 Tzontli.. 2.2.2... eee eee cece eee e ee 806 Tzopilotl..... 22.2. eee cee eee eee eee 560 Uayum... 2.2... eee cece cece cece cece caces 708 10 0) 731 Umbrella-tree. 22.0.0... cece cee ceceececeee 553 Ufia de gato... 2.22... eee ee eee ee eee 333, 813 Ufbagato... 0... eee e eee cee eececee 533 Ungnadia. 2.2.20... cece cece e eee 704 Urostigma scandens ....... 00.02 ce cece ee ceeeee 820 UTC. cee cece eee eee cece 554 Urucul. ee eee cece eee eee ee eeee 835 Urvillea 2... ee eee ee cece eee ee 699 dissectd.. 0.0... c cece eee ccc eee eec cece 700 UVA. 2 ce eee eee ee eee 728, 729, 730, 733 Uva cimarrona............02.2.020222.000e 729,730 Uvilla.. 2... eee cece eee eee ee eee 731, 732 CiMarTONA... 2. eee cee e eee ee ee 730 Vaca-buey... 22... e cece ee eee eee ee eens 819 Vachacata.... 2.22... cece eee eee eee eee eaeee 569 Vacima... 2... eee ee eee eee cee eees 809 Vara blanca....... 22222... 614, 845 Varal........ 20222 be wenenccenanccccce 705 Varilla prieta...... 0.0.0.0. cece eee eee eee 813 Varita de San José.......2.22.2.00202-2- 0. eee 803 Vedtchia.. 2.2.2... e cence eee 671 Venadillo.... 0.2... 560 Venonillo... 2.2.02. cece eee eee ee eee 607 Vergajo de toro......2.2.2... 022 e cece eee 576 A Ce 728,729 Silvestre... 2.002. e cece cee cence ee 731 Vifha. 2. ec cece cece cee eecuee 779 Vine cactus... 22.00.0202 cee cece eee eeceee 831 0) 837 PUNCEALA. 2 eee eee eee 589 Violaceae..... 2.2.2... 002 e cece eee 837 Violet family ...........0..00.. 0002 eee eee eee 837 Virginia creeper. ..........2002 000 eee eee eee 728 Viscainoa..... 2.2.00. 2 eee cence cece cece 524 Vismia.. eee eee ee cence eee 824 Vitaceae...... 0.0.22. eee ec cee ee cee 727 Vitis. 2... eee eee cece ceacececs 728 acapulcensis. 2.22... 0 2c. c cece ee eee eee 733 Cd 732 Viudas . 2.2... e ccc cece eee cececcecens 77 Volador......... weet eee e cece ence nceeecens 673 Volatin... 2.0.0... e cee cece c cence ene 843 Wafer-ash. 0.20.0... 00. e cece eee eee ee cee ees 531 INDEX, XXVII Page. Waltheria..........---- eee ee eee eee eens 799 Wariba caca0............2-- eee eee eee e eres 808 Wells, W. V.....------ eee eee ee nent erent 701 West Indian gooseberry. ......--------+-+9° 609 White sapote.......-...---2-e scence en ee ec eee 527 titi... ec eee eee ee eee eee ener er eee 673 Wild hazel. ...........--- eee eee eee e nee ee eee 654 lime. . 2... eee eee eee eee ee eee een nents 533 Wimmeria. .......----- ee eee ee eee centre 677 Wissadula.......-...- eee ee eee eee ener e eee 756 CONfETIO... 22-2 - cece eee e cere eee e eter eenee 759 Yt ee ee 758 lozani......- ee ce eee eee e eee cence eeereee 759 paniculata ......0--2eeeeee ence eee ee reese 758 pringlei....... 02-2 e eee eeeeeeeeeteees 758 SCODIO. . cece eee ee ee eee e eect eee t renee 758 spicata... -..22- cee scene eee eee et eeeeeee 758 W ood-sorrel family -.........-------+------+° 517 Xa-balam. ............2-- ee eee eee eee ee ee eee 619 Kamacol..........----- eee eee e eee erent 794 Xantus, L. J... 22.2... .e eee eee eee cette 583 D.<: 17: ee 661 Xbesinic-ché. ........--. eee eee eee eee eee ee 540 Xcaba-xpixtolon. ....--...00--22ee eee e eee 610 Xeacal-ché, ........---- eee eee eee eee eee 640 Keaché.....-.-..- cece e ee eee eee eee etree 643 Xchaché....-..-.-- eee eee eee eee ee eee eet 645 Xechup.........---- eee eee eee ce eee eres 783, 785 Xeunché, ..........--- eee eee ee ee ee ee eeereee 794 Kie-ché... 2... ee eee ee eee eee eee peteeesceee 533 Xidni.. 2... 0... eee ee eee eee eee eee cere 524 Kihuiexan.....-------- eee eee eee erence eee 794 Xiloxochitl..........----- 2.0 ee eee eee eee ee 791, 794 Miote.......--e cece cece ce eee ee eee eee eeeeeeeee 665 Xiquipilli.... 22.22.2000 22-2 e eee eee eee eee 806 Xkahyuc.......--- eee eee eee eee e eter eees 610 Xkulinsis.......... 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee eees 555 XK misibcoc....-....00--- eee eee eee eee eeeeee 848 XKmool-coh.....---- eee eee eee eee eee eecee 623 Kobo... eee e eee eee eee eee cece settee 656 Kochicopal.........-0---20eeee eee e cece eeeeee 551 Xochtotl...... 22.2. eee ee eee eee eens 566 Moecoatl, ...- eee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee cere eeress 807 Xocomecatl...........0. ee eee ee eee eee cece 728 MoOCOt. 1... eee eee ee eee eee eee ects 566, 657 XKocotl.. ...-- ee eee ee ce ee eee cece eee eeeeee 657 Kocoyolli........--- ee eee eee eee eee cesses eee 517 Xolotzin. . ......--. eee eee eee eee rete eee 739 Komak......-------- ee eee cee ee ee ee ee te eeeeee 711 D0): 5. 617 Xpaxakil.........2-... 22sec eee eee eee reece 540 Xpbixtdon......2..0-2.2 sessed eee eeee eee 610 Xtab-canil.......----- eee eee ee eee eee eee 733 Xtexak.........- ee eee eee eee eee eee ee sence 813 D¢ ie) (ee 779 Ktompac..... 2... cece eee ee ee eee eee cece sees 633 Xtupkinil........0...2---2 eee ee eee eee reese 779 Kumalixase........... 222 - eee eee eee eee ees 617 XKumaxilase. ....-.-..---- cece eee eee reece cece 617 Xurata......---- eee ee ee eee eee eee trees 783 Nylosma......----2-- 22 cece eee essere 841, 842 Vaca... cece eee cee eee ee eee teense eeeens --- 736 Yaco de cal........---.- eee eee e ee eee cece eens 737 de la costa. ....----- eee cece ee eee eee ee eeee 794 de venado.........----- eee eee eeeeeceees 737 granadillo.........-------- ee eee eee eee eee 809 Page. Yaga-biche...........022+--+eeeeeeeeeteeee 662, 671 Yaga-bicholi...........--.2seeee seen eee eeeees 728 Yaga-bilape........--..-----e eee reece eeeeee 622 Yagabizoya........... 00. eee eee eee eee ee ee 805 Yaga-guieguei.....-....-----.+0--- eee e rere 661 Yaga-guiehi..... Secee ccc ceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeees 739 Yaga-higo..............ee ee eee ee ee eee eee ee 622 Yaga-lache.....-...-.--.-ee eee eee eee eee 665, 667 Yaga-a... 22... ee ee eee eee eee eee eee e cere 523 Yaga-narax0.. . 22.2... eee e eee eee eee eee 524 Yaga-xeni...... 2.2... 2. cece eee e eee erences 789 Yoaiti. 0... eee eee ee eee eee een eees 647 Yamole....... 2.2. eee eee eee ee eee e neces 709 Yamblli. i200... . 2c eee eee ee eee cece eee reese 709 Yaw-root. .... 0.2.2 eee eee eee eee ee eee eee cece 652 Yaxahalche, ............- 22 eee eee ee erences 606 Yaxché...... 22-20-20 eee cece eee eee eee cence 791, 792 Yax-hocob, ......--0- eee eee ee eee nett eee eeees 536 Yax-puken.......2.... 2-2-2 e ee eee eee eee 720 Yax-pukim............2---ee cece ence eee eres 720 Yeaban..........22 2. eee eee cee eee eee eee eeees 617 Yeheaxihuitl. 2.22.2... ee eee eee eee eee eee 785 Yehuanitzoz.............. 00 cece ee eee eee ences 697 Yellow-Wo00d . ......--2. 2c eee eee e eee neeeeeee 682 Yepaxihuitl............0----- eee eee eee eee 614 Yobillo. 2.0.2... eee eee eee cece nee e ee neee 633 0 4c: 643 Agria. .. 2.2.2.2. e eee eee eee reece eee renee 643 AMALZA...-. 22. - ee eee eee eee eee ence eee 643 10 ce 643 cimarrona.....----... eee eee eee ener 637, 645 de monte........------eee cece eee e eee eeee 643 Aule@... 2... eee cece eee eee eee ee eee eeee 644 YUuC0. 2... eee ee eee ee eee eee cee n ee eeeneees 564 Yucu-Caya ..... 0... eee eee eee e cece ec eeeece 666 Yuquilla........0.2.-- eee ence cence eee eeceeee 643 Yuquillo. . 22.2.2... 0. eee eee cee e ener eee eees 609 Yutnu-nduchidzaha...........-----seeeeeee- 622 Yutnu-tandaad..... 2.2... e cence een eee ec ences 523 Zamo baboso.....---..cee cece eee eesenececcs 741 Zanthoxylum. ........------- eee eee e reece eee 531 affine. .......2.-.-ee eee eee eee eaeeeeceee 533 AMETICANUM. ... 2... ee eee eee eee e wesc neers 531 ALDOTESCEDS. .. 2... eee e eee e ee eee eee e rece 535 DijuguM. ... 2.0... 2 eee eee ee eee eens rene 534 @aribacuMm.......-.-..- eee eee eee eee eeeee 534 clava-herculis........-..-.002--+----e-e- 531 culantrillo..........--eesee ence rece e eee 534 elegantissimum........-.-----+----+++-+- 533 elephantiasis........-------.00+++++22+-- 534 1 7: ee ooo 533 foctidum .. 0.2.20. cee e eee eee eee ee eeeceees 534 ghiesbreghtii. ........00eeeeee eee ee cere tees 528 goldmani............0---- eens eee ee eee 535 INETME.. cen nnn e eee e were reece ee eeeeneeeee 537 insulare .. 2.2.2... ee wee ee eee eee ee eee 534 liebmannianum ........-----+---e-e+++-- 533 limoncello.......----- acc ceeeececeneeeee 534 longipes......cccceceecceeseeee er ceceeceee 533 marginatum..........-----+s2eee eee reese 533 melanostictum........----- we scceteseses 534 microcarpum, .......-------2ee essere eee 535 mollissimum ........0220- 2 eee e ee eee eee 535 monophyllum .....-......-+0++-seeeeees 535 nelsoni ..........---- eee eee e cree eeeneee 534 occidentale . ....... 022 cece eee ee ee eee eees 534 XXVIII INDEX, Page. Page Zanthoxylum peninsulare................... 535 | Zapotl........ eee ccc cece 657 pentanome................22.....02.. s+» 585 | ZapotOn... 2.2... eee eee eee. 793 pringlei.................00 00. e cece eee 582 | Zarza... 2... eee ccccceece ee. 813 PFOCELUM,.... 2.2. eee ee eee eee eee 533 a 813 (OL kd | 533 | Zimapania... 2.2.2.6... ccce cece eee 637 purpusii.. 2.2.2... 2 cee 534 | Zinowiewia..............00.000.000..00...... 678 €ELANUM «2. eee cece cece eee 529 | Zizyphus....................2.200........... 712 Zapote . oo... eee cece eee e eee 27 ACWMINALD eee cece cece 719 blanco... ce eee cece eee 527 lycioides 2... eee eee 715 10) oe ce 793 CT 715 de agua....... 2.2.02 eee ee 793 DOTTYE. eee eee cece cee eeee 714 de rata... 2... eee 526 | Zongolica........... 0000000. e cece eee. 547, 662 de Santo Domingo....................... 826 | Zopilocuahuitl............................... 560 Domingo.........00..0 0202 e ccc ee eee 827 | Zopilote..... 2.2... cccceececeee. 560 MamMey........... 0. eee eee eee 826 | Zopilotl... 2.2... cece eee 560 NINO... eee cece cee 826 | Zopilo-zontecomacuahuitl................... 560 reventador... 2... ..... 00... cece cece eee 793 | Zorrillo.... 2.22.0... cece ce cece cece eee eee 534, 537 Zapotillo. .... 2.0.22. eee eee 518,826 | Zuelania....... 2... eee eee eee 843 de la costa... 2.0.2.2... 0c e ee eceeec eee cee 820 | Zumaque.... 22.2... cece ccee cece ee 666 de San Juan.......... 00.00 c cece 568 | Zygophyllaceae.........2.................... 519 Zapotito de San Juan... ..................... 568 | Zygophyllum... 2... eee 621 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 23, PART 4 TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO (PASSIFLORACEAE-SCROPHULARIACEAE) By PAUL C. STANDLEY WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1924 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. I PREFACE. The fourth installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the United States Na- tional Herbarium, treats the families Passifloraceae to Scrophu- lariaceae. Several large families are included, notably the Cac- taceae, of which Mexico possesses a far greater number of species than does any other part of the earth. Other important groups covered are the Myrtaceae, Melastomaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Ver- benaceae, families whose Mexican representatives have received little systematic attention during the last 30 years or more. The account of the family Passifloraceae has been furnished by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, and that of the Cactaceae by Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose. Frepertck V. CoviL1r, Curator of the United States National Herbarwum. Il TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO’ By Paut C. STANDLEY. 113. PASSIFLORACEAE. Passionflower Family. (Contributed by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip.) REFERENCE: Masters in Mart. Fl. Bras. 131: 530-627. 1872. 1. PASSIFLORA L. Sp. Pl. 955, 1753. Usually scandent herbs, frequently woody at base, rarely shrubs; leaves alternate, stipulate, petiolate, entire, lobed, or divided; inflorescence axillary, the peduncles usually in pairs and 1-flowered; flowers perfect, often showy; sepals 5; petals 5 or wanting; fruit variable, indehiscent, pulpy within. About 40 species of this genus occur in Mexico, but only two can properly be considered shrubs. Flowers less than 4 cm. wide; petals obovate, less than twice as long as fila- ments of corona___--.-------- - a ___1. P. fruticosa. Flowers more than 6 em. wide; petals linear, more than twice as long as filaments of corona____----------- pene ae eee 2. P. palmeri, 1. Passiflora fruticosa Killip, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 256. 1922. Baja California. Low shrub with an erect caudex, 20 to 40 em, high, and a few short sprawling branches, densely lanate throughout; leaves 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 8-lobed ; peduncles 1 to 2.5 cm. long. 2. Passiflora palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 131. 1892. Baja California; type from Carmen Island. Low flat-topped shrub, 50 cm. high, 80 to 120 cm. wide; leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. broad; peduncles 4 to 5 cm. long; sepals and petals white; corona filaments blue and white. “Sandia de la Pasién.” 114, CARICACEAE. Papaw Family. REFERENCE: Solms-Laubach in Mart. Fl Bras. 133: 175-196. 1889. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with milky juice; leaves alternate, long-petio- late, digitately compound, or simple and usually deeply lobate, without stipules ; flowers perfect or more commonly unisexual and dioecious, the pistillate soli- tary and axillary or in few-flowered panicles; calyx small, rotate or campanu- late, 5-lobate; staminate corolla with an elongate tube, the limb 5-lobate; pis- 1The first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico comprising the families Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 23, Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920; the second, including the families Fagaceae, to Fabaceae, as Part 2, pp. 171-515, July 14, 1922; the third, including the families Oxalidaceae to Turneraceae, as Part 3, pp. 517-848, July, 1923. 849 850 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, tillate corolla of 5 nearly distinct, narrow segments; stamens 10, inserted in the corolla throat in 2 Series; fruit baccate, large, 1 or 5-celled. Leaves digitately compound. Corolla lobes opposite the calyx lobes; stamens distinct ---------- 1. LEUCOPREMNA. Leaves simple, often deeply lobate. Plants trees, with simple trunks; stamens distinct; calyx lobes alternating with the corolla lobes; fruit not appendaged_____-_-_ 2. CARICA. Plants herbaceous, with tuberous roots; stamens united at base; calyx lobes opposite the corolla lobes; fruit with an appendage at the base of each angle -~----------_- ee 3. JARILLA. 1, LEUCOPREMNA Standl., gen. nov. Only the following species is known. By most authors it has been referred to the genus Jacaratia, but it seems necessary to place it in a separate genus. 1. Leucopremna mexicana (A. DC.) Stand. Jacaratia mericana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 151: 420, 1864. Jacaratia conica Kerber, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 282. 1883. Carica heptaphylla Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 172. 1887. Not C. heptaphylia Vell. 1825. ‘Pileus heptaphyllus Ramfrez, Naturaleza II. 3: 711. 1903. Colima, Guerrero, Morelos, Campeche, and Yucatin; said to occur in Oax- aca, and probably to be found elsewhere. El Salvador: reported from Nica- ragua, and apparently also in Costa Rica. Tree, 4.5 to 12 meters high, the trunk very thick at base, tapering upward and dividing into few heavy branches, the twigs thick and soft, the wood very soft, the trunk consisting largely of pith: bark smooth, gray; leaves deciduous, clustered at the ends of the branchlets, the leaflets 5 to 7, obovate, acuminate, 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or smaller; flowers dioecious, the staminate in terminal or axillary panicles, pale yellow, the corolla about 2 cm. long: stamens 10, free; pistillate flowers terminal, long-pedunculate, the petals greenish, 4 cm. long; fruit 15 cm. long or more, 8 to 10 em. thick, 5-celled, pendent, conic or ovoid-oblong, 5-angled, the angles often produced below into conelike protuberances or wings, the skin green or yellow; seeds rough, black. “ Bonete” (Yucat&in, Campeche, Morelos) ; “kunché” or “kumché” (Yucatan, Maya); “cuaguayote” or “coahuayote” (Colima); “coalsuayote” (Guer- rero) ; “orejona,” “ papaya orejona,” “ papayo montés” (Oaxaca) ; “ cuayote” (El Salvador). In outward appearance the fruit is not unlike a large green pepper of the bullnose type, but it varies greatly in shape, being sometimes long, narrow, and twisted. The flesh is sweet and reddish yellow; it is eaten cooked or as a salad, and is made into sweetmeats. The juice is said to have the same prop- erties as that. of Carica papaya. Kerber reports that in Colima a kind of tortilla is made from the starch of the trunk. The tree has been described at length by Ramfrez,’ and illustrated with several excellent plates. It is treated by Hernindez under the name “ quaiuhayoth.” Leucopremna mexicana is abundant in extreme western Salvador, occurring as a characteristic tree on the arid hills near the Rio Paz, close to the Guate- malan frontier. * José Ramirez, El Pileus heptaphyllus, Naturaleza II. 3: TOT-T11, pl. 41-45, 19803. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 851 2. CARICA L. Sp. Pl. 1036. 1753. Trees with simple trunks; leaves simple, deeply incised-lobate ; flowers usually dioecious, axillary; fruit 1 or 5-celled. The genus consists of about 25 species, all natives of tropical America. Fruit 5-celled; stigmas lobed only at apex_-—------~--------- 1. C. cauliflora. Fruit 1-celled; stigmas irregularly divided or dichotomous almost or quite to the base___-___-------------------------------------- 2. C. papaya. 1. Carica caulifilora Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 33. pl. 311. 1776. Vasconceliea boissiert A. DC. in DC. Prodr, 15°: 415, 1864. Carica boissieri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 17: 481. 1880. Veracruz and Chiapas, and probably elswhere; cultivated and perhaps also native. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. Trunk about 3.5 meters high, leafy at the top; leaves large, cordate at base, lobed halfway to base or less, the lobes acuminate and with remote acuminate teeth, glabrous; flowers inodorous, the staminate 3 to 3.5 cm. long, the pistillate flowers of about the same size; fruit ovoid, pointed, narrowed at base, yellow, 8 em. long or larger. “Papayo de montafia ” (El Salvador). 2. Carica papaya L. Sp. Pl. 1036. 1753. Papaya vulgaris DC. in Lam, Encyel. 5: 2. 1804. Carica quinqueloba Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 255. 1896. Commonly cultivated in all the warmer parts of Mexico and wild in many places. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Central and South America; culti- vated in the tropics of the Old World. Trunk sometimes 9 meters high and 25 cm. in diameter, pale green, the woody tissue thin and porous, the pith large, the trunk with a large central cavity; leaves borne at the top of the trunk, 20 to 60 cm. wide, deeply lobed, the lobes pinnately lobed, glaucous beneath; flowers yellow, the stami- nate in slender panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, fragrant, the corolla 2 to 3 cm. long; pistillate flowers solitary or in 2 or 3-flowered cymes, the petals linear-lanceo- late, 2 to 2.5 em. long; fruit oblong or obvoid, 5 to 10 cm. long or often much larger, pointed, yellow or orange, with thick skin, the flesh firm, sweet and in- sipid; seeds numerous, black, rough. Known generally in Spanish-speaking countries as “papaya,” which 1s believed to be a corruption of the Carib “ ababai;” the English names “ papaw ” or “pawpaw’”’? are used, also “tree-melon,” but “papaya” is the preferable name. The following additional names are reported. ‘Chick put,” ‘“ put ” (Yucatin, Maya; the former a wild form) ; “ papaya de los pAjaros ” (Yucatan, a wild form); ‘“papayero” (the plant); “ melén zapote” (various parts of Mexico; sometimes corrupted into “ melén chapote”); “manén” (Argen- tina); “papaya montés” (a wild form); “fruta bomba” (Cuba) ; “ dzoosadzahuidium ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko) ; “lechosa” (Porto Rico). It is remarkable that no Nahuatl name is known for the plant. The papaya is one of the best-known of tropical American fruits. The fruits vary greatly in shape, size, and quality; they sometimes attain a length of 50 cm. and a weight of 20 pounds. They resemble some forms of muskmelons, especially on the inside. The flesh is 2 to 5 em. thick and orange-yellow or deep orange. The fruit is eaten like a muskmelon or sliced and served with sugar and cream, made into salads, or candied; made into 1 This is the name for the fruit; that of the plant is ‘“ papayo.” 2Not to be confused with the “pawpaw” of the Southern United States, which is Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, a plant of the family Annonaceae. 852 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. preserves, pickles, jellies, pies, or sherbets; or sometimes cooked and eaten like a vegetable. The plants grow easily and rapidly from seeds, and they bear fruit almost throughout the year. A confection is sometimes made by boiling the flowers in syrup. The fruit and other parts of the plant contain an abundant milky juice from which an enzyme, papain, resembling animal pepsin in its digestive action, has been separated. This product has become an article of commerce, being used for the treatment of dyspepsia and related affections, and also for clarifying beer. The digestive properties of the juice were well known to the original inhabitants of tropical America, like those of to-day, who often wrap meat in the leaves and leave it thus over night, to make it tender. Sometimes leaves are boiled with meat for this purpose, but if too much papaya juice comes in contact with the meat, or for too long a time, the meat will fall apart in shreds. Indeed, it is even popularly believed that the plant is even more efficient, for it is said that if old hogs and poultry are fed on the leaves and fruit, their flesh will become tender, and if a piece of tough meat is hung among the leaves of the tree for a few hours it also will be made tender. This last property is attested by so eminent an authority as Heber Drury, who states that he proved it by experiment. The leaves are sometimes used in Mexico as a substitute for soap in washing clothes. Various medicinal properties are attributed to the papaya plant. The seeds and the milk from the roots are often employed as a vermicide, and the milk is applied to the skin to assist in the removal of chiggers. The in- fusion of the flowers is reported to have emmenagogue, febrifuge, and pectoral properties; a decoction of the leaves is employed as a remedy for asthma; and the juice is administered for indigestion. Grosourdy states that the juice of the ripe fruit was used as a cosmetic, to remove freckles. The papaya is treated at length by Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XXXIII), who states that in Hispaniola it was known as “ papaya,” but among the Spaniards of the mainland it was called “ higos de mastuerzo,” the latter name being given because the seeds had a pungent flavor like cress (mastuerzo). In Nica- ragua, he states, the plant or fruit was called “ olocotén.” He claims also that the plants were not native in the West Indies, but were brought there by the Spaniards from the mainland, which may or may not be true. The plant is mentioned by all the early writers, and is described by Herndndez.? Ramfrez has described and illustrated? a fruit known as “papaya vola- dora,” which is presumably a form of this species. It is noteworthy in hav- ing peduncles as much as 34 cm. long. The flowers of Carica papaya are usu- ally dioecious, but oceasionally both kinds of flowers are found upon the same plant. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CARICA BOURGAEI Solms in Mart. Fl. Bras. 133: 178. 1889, This name is used by Solms in his key to the species of the genus, but, so far as the writer can learn, no description has ever been published. The species was probably based upon a specimen from the Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz, and the plant is closely related to C. papaya. *For a general account of the papaya and methods of cultivation see F. W. Popenoe in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2460-2462. 1916. * Thesaurus 99, 365. 1651. *Naturaleza II. 3: 548-549. pl. 32. 1901. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 853 3. JARILLA Rusby, Torreya 21: 47. 1921. Plants herbaceous, glabrous, branched, from tuberous rhizomes; leaves sim- ple, entire, toothed, or lobed; flowers dioecious, axillary, the staminate in long-pedunculate panicled cymes, the calyx minute, the corolla funnelform, with a slender tube; stamens 10, the filaments united at base, hairy, the alter- nate ones longer; pistillate flowers usually solitary, slender-pedicellate ; fruit pendent, 1-celled, 5-angulate, each angle produced at base into a long recurved fleshy appendage, the style persistent and elongate; stigmas entire. The genus, so far as known, is confined to Mexico. It was discussed at length by Ramirez,’ who gives excellent illustrations of both the species. Leaves hastate, the basal lobes narrow, elongate, acute; fruit only slightly contracted above the appendages_------~--------------~ 1. J. heterophylla. Leaves various but not hastate, the basal lobes, if any, obtuse or rounded ; fruit strongly contracted above the appendages____-------------- 2. J. caudata. 1. Jarilla heterophylla (Llave) Rusby, Torreya 21: 50. 1921. Mocinna heterophylia Llave, Registro Trimestre, June 12, 1832. Carica nana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 288. 1848. Jalisco and Guanajuato; type from Guanajuato. Plants said to be sometimes scandent, slender; leaves hastate, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, acute or attenuate, entire or with a few large remote teeth, pale beneath ; staminate corolla 5 mm. long, the lobes as long as the tube; fruit subglobose, 2.5 em. in diameter, with short thick appendages. “ Jarrilla,” “ granadilla.” The writer has seen only a single specimen of this species, consisting of staminate plants from La Palma, Jalisco. 2. Jarilla caudata (T. 8. Brandeg.) Stand. Mocinna heterophylla sesseana Ramfrez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. Mex. 1: 207. pl. 2-4. 1894. Carica caudata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 401. 1894. Jarilla sesseana Rusby, Torreya 21: 47. 1921. Baja California, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Guanajuato; type from mountains of Paja California. Plants slender, 1 meter long or less, erect or decumbent, the root large; leaves long-petiolate, very variable, rounded-ovate to deltoid or deltoid-oblong, 2 to 12 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, cuneate to cordate at base, entire, undulate, dentate, or lobate, pale beneath; staminate inflorescence long-pedunculate, the corolla purplish white, about 1 cm. long, the lobes much shorter than the tube; pistillate flowers usually solitary, long-pedicellate ; body of the fruit ellipsoid or subglobose, sometimes 9 cm. long, the elongate fleshy style 1 to 2 cm. long, the appendages 3 to 5 cm. long; seeds surrounded by a white aril. “ Jarrilla ” (Guanajuato, Jalisco) ; said to be known as “bonete” in Jalisco. The fruit has an odor resembling that of lemon or citron. It is usually employed for making preserves or sweetmeats, and is well known in the markets of Jalisco and Guanajuato. The specimens which have been referred here by Ramirez and by the present writer are remarkably variable, and it is not improbable that they represent more than a single species. The writer has seen only six collections, and they are quite inadequate for critical study. It is desirable that a large series of specimens be collected of these plants, which are practically unknown outside the limited area within which they grow. 1 Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Mex. 1: 205-212. pl. 2-0. 1894. 79688—24——2 854 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 115. LOASACEAE. Loasa Family. Usually herbs but sometimes shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed, estipulate; flowers perfect, racemose or cymose-paniculate, the pedi- cels bibracteolate; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; petals 4 or 5, inserted in the calyx throat; stamens few or numerous; style subulate, entire or bifid or trifid; fruit a 1-celled capsule, containing 1 to many seeds. Several other genera are represented in Mexico by herbaceous species. Some of them are plants with stinging hairs. Cevallia sinuata Lag. is a common plant of the desert regions of northern Mexico, with hairs which sting as pain- fully as those of a nettle. Leaves mostly opposite: stamens numerous; capsule many-seeded. 1. MENTZELIA. Leaves alternate; stamens 4 or 5; capsule 1-seeded________ 2. PETALONYX. 1. MENTZELIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1076. 1759. Several other representatives of the genus occur in Mexico, but they are herbs. The leaves in most species of this genus are extremely scabrous and cling tenaciously to clothing. Some of the species are knowa in the United States by the name of “stickleaf.” 1. Mentzelia conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer, Acad. 32: 298. 1897. Oaxaca. Tall shrub, sometimes 7 meters high, with brittle woody stems: leaves mostly opposite, short-petiolate, lanceolate, 4 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, finely dentate, scabrous above, tomentose beneath ; flowers pedicellate, cymose-panicu- late, about 5 cm. broad, bright yellow; calyx lobes 5, 12 to 15 mm. long; petals oblong-obovate, acute: stamens numerous; capsule about 1 cm. long and nearly as thick. “Arnica.” The leaves and roots, Professor Conzatti States, are employed as a remedy for itch and other cutaneous diseases. 2. PETALONYX A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 319. 1855. Low shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate, entire or toothed, sessile, very scabrous; flowers very small, in dense terminal bracted spikes or racemes: calyx tube short, the lobes 4 or d, narrow, deciduous; petals 4 or 5, clawed; stamens 4 or 5; staminodia none; fruit small, fragile, rupturing irregularly, 1-seeded. Leaves strongly revolute, crenate_........-- 1, P. crenatus. Leaves not revolute, entire or dentate. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, broad at base, often dentate_____ 2. P. thurberi. Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, attentuate at base, entire_3, P. linearis. 1. Petalonyx crenatus A. Gray; 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 358. 1882. Coahuila ; type from San Lorenzo de Laguna. Plants woody at base, the stems retrorse-hispidulous; leaves oblong, 4 to 8 mm. long, obtuse, retrorse-scabrous; flowers white, racemose; petals 3 tu 4 mm. long. 2. Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer, Acad. n. ser. 5: 319. 1855. Baja California and northern Sonora. Arizona, Nevada, and southern Cali- fornia; type from the Gila River, Arizona. Plants 1 meter high or less, chiefly or wholly herbaceous, very scabrous; leaves 1 to 4 cm. long, thick and stiff, spreading or appressed, the upper ones entire; racemes 4 cm. long or shorter; petals about 4 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 855 3. Petalonyx linearis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad, 4: 188. 1885. Baja California and adjacent islands. Low shrub, very scabrous throughout; leaves 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse, very thick; racemes sometimes 12 cm. long, the bracts rounded-cordate, entire; petals yellowish white, 4 to 5 mm. long. Some of the Mexican species of Begonia are perhaps to be classed as shrubs, but there is no satisfactory evidence to this effect. 116. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family. (Contributed by Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose.) REFERENCES: Britton & Rose, The Cactaceae, vols. 14. 1919-23; Safford, Cactaceae of northeastern and central Mexico, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: 525-563. pl. 1-15. 1909. Plants perennial, succulent, usually shrublike or treelike; leaves usually none or much reduced, sometimes large and flat; spines present, variable in form and arrangement, borne upon areoles in the leaf axils; flowers usually perfect, regular or irregular, solitary or clustered, sometimes borne in a terminal specialized inflorescence known as cephalium; perianth tube none or large and elongate, with few or numerous Jobes, these sometimes differ- entiated into sepals and petals; stamens commonly numerous, the filaments usually borne upon the throat of the perianth, the anthers small, 2-celled ; style one, terminal, the stigma with 2 to many lobes; ovary 1-celled; fruit baceate, fleshy or dry, usually containing numerous seeds. The Cactaceae constitute one of the largest and most interesting groups of Mexican plants, and they are more profusely developed in Mexico than in any other part of the earth. They are often conspicious features of the landseape, particularly in the desert regions, and they are of great economic importance. Many of the more showy ones are commonly grown in gardens for ornament. Leaves broad, flat; flowers stalked (stalk sometimes very short). Areoles without glochids. (PERESKIEAE) --------~--~-------------~- 1. PERESKTA. Leaves (except in Pereskiopsis) terete or subterete, often wanting; flowers sessile. Areoles with glochids; vegetative parts bearing leaves, these usually small and fugacious; flowers without a definite tube. (OPUNTIEAE.) Leaves broad and flat------------------------------ 2. PERESKIOPSIS. Leaves subulate or cylindric. Stamens much longer than the petals-_-.-------------- 3. NOPALEA. Stamens shorter than the petals. Joints of the stems flat to terete, not ribbed____------ 4, OPUNTIA. Joints terete, longitudinally ribbed __5. GRUSONTA. Areoles without glochids; vegetative parts usually without leaves; flowers with a definite tube (except in Rhipsalis). (CEREEAE.) Perianth rotate or nearly so, without a tube. Plants slender, spineless, epiphytic, many-jointed_-------------------------- 54. RHIPSALIS. Perianth not rotate, with a definite tube. Areoles mostly spineless; plants with numerous joints, these flat; epi- phytes. Tube of flower definitely longer than the limb___51. EPIPHYLLUM. Tube of flower not longer than the limb. Perianth campanulate, with few segments—-~----- 52, CHIAPASIA. Perianth short-funnelform, with many segments. 53. NOPALXOCHIA. 856 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Areoles mostly spine-bearing ; plants often not jointed, the joints not flat; plants terrestrial. A. Flowers and spines borne at the same areoles. B. Plants several-jointed or many-jointed, the joints elongate. Plants vinelike, with aerial roots. Ovary and fruit covered with large foliaceous scales, the axils neither spiny, hairy, nor bristly. Stems and branches 3- angled or 3-winged_._.______.____ 21. HYLOCEREUS. Ovary and fruit not bearing large foliaceous scales, the axils spiny, hairy, or bristly. Flowers elongate-funnelform. Stems ribbed, fluted, or angled______ 22. SELENICEREUS. Stems winged__..--...--- 23. DEAMIA. Flowers short-funnelform__________ 24. APOROCATUS. Plants erect, treelike, bushy, arching, or diffuse. Flowers 2 to several at an areole, small. Flowering areoles bearing many long bristles. 19. LOPHOCEREUS. Flowering areoles without bristles._.20. MYRTILLOCACTUS. Flowers solitary at the areoles, mostly large. Ovary naked or rarely bearing a few short scales, these some- times subtending tufts of short hairs. 6. CEPHALOCEREUS. Ovary with scales, often bearing also wool, bristles, or spines. Ovary with scales only _-7. ESCONTRIA, Ovary with scales and also with wool, felt, or spines. Perianth short-campanulate or short-funnelform, its tube short and thick. Plants mostly stout, columnar, and erect, ribbed or an- gled; roots without tubers. Corolla short-campanulate; fruit dry. 8. PACHYCEREUS. Corolla short-funnelform ; fruit fleshy. Plants columnar, with stout stems; flowers white to pink, not widely expanded. 9. LEMAIREOCEREUS. Plants low; flowers pale yellow. 10. BERGEROCACTUS. Plants very slender, nearly terete or with many low ribs; roots with tubers__________ 11. WILCOXIA. Perianth funnelform, funnelform-campanulate, or salver- form. Areoles of the ovary with spines or bristles. Plants slender, with a large fleshy root; flowers salverform._...____-____ 12. PENIOCEREUS. Plants stout or slender, without large fleshy roots: flowers funnelform. Plants stout, bushy or prostrate, the spines flat, dageer-like_____ 13. MACHAEROCEREUS. Plants slender or weak, the spines acicular or subulate. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 857 Tube of the perianth as long as the limb or longer; plants elongate, with white flowers. Joints ribbed____....---- 14. NYCTOCEREUS. Joints angled_------- 15. ACANTHOCEREUS. Tube of the perianth mostly shorter than the limb: plants bushy, usually with scarlet flowers___------ __16. HELIOCEREUS. Areoles of the ovary with wool or felt. Perianth limb regular; flowers white. 17. CARNEGIEA. Perianth limb oblique; flowers scarlet 18. RATHBUNIA. BB. Plants with one or few joints, the joints usually short, some- times clustered, ribbed or rarely tubercled. Flowers at lateral areoles___-------~----- 25. ECHINOCEREUS. Flowers at central areoles. Ovary and fruit naked. Plants without spines. Tubercles prominent, cartilaginous, flattened, more or less imbricate - 26. ARIOCARPUS. Tubercles low, rounded above_____--- 27. LOPHOPHORA. Plants very spiny - ____-28. EPITHELANTHA. Ovary and fruit with scales. Flowers funnelform__ 29. HAMATOCACTUS. Flowers mostly campanulate, at least not long and slender. Areoles not arranged on ribs. Tubercles short, imbricate____-- 30. STROMBOCACTUS. Tubercles much elongate, slender, finger-like. 31. LEUCHTENBERGIA. Areoles arranged on definite ribs. Axils of scales on ovary and fruit naked. Ribs usually continuous, rarely if ever tubercled; flowers with scarcely any tube. Ribs usually numerous, much compressed, th‘n. 82. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS. Ribs not so numerous, usually thick. 33. FEROCACTUS. Ribs usually broad, tubercled; flowers with a short but definite tube___-------- 34. ECHINOMASTUS. Axils of scales on ovary hairy, woolly, or bristly Ribs several to many; plants very spiny. Fruit permanently woolly, nearly dry, dehiscent by a terminal pore___------- 385. ECHINOCACTUS. Fruit not so woolly, somewhat fleshy. bursting irregu- larly. __86. HOMALOCEPHALA. Ribs few, broad; plants mostly spineless. 87. ASTROPHYTUM. AA. Flowers and spines borne at different areoles. Plants consisting of a single joint. Flowering areoles forming a central terminal cephalium. 838. CACTUS. 858 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. lowering areoles at the base or on the side of the tubercles. Ovary more or less scaly (not known in Mamillopsis). Flowers with a short tube. Spines partly hooked______________ 39. ANCISTROCACTUS. Spines not hooked. Tubercles not deeply grooved; fruit scaly. 40. THELOCACTUS. Tubercles deeply grooved; fruit nearly naked. 41. NEOLLOYDIA, Flowers with an elongate tube__________ 42. MAMILLOPSIS., Ovary naked or nearly so. Flowers irregular___...--_._.- 43. COCHEMIEA. Flowers regular. Flowers central, borne in axils of young, usually nascent tubercles. Tubercles grooved on upper side. Seeds mostly light brown; fruit greenish or yellowish, ripening slowly_____________ 44, CORYPHANTHA. Seeds black or dark brown; fruit red, maturing rapidly. 45. ESCOBARIA. Tubercles not grooved on upper side. Fruit circumscissile; tubercles fleshy; spines acicular. 46. BARTSCHELLA. Fruit not circumscissile; tubercles woody; spines pectinate___...__-__ 47. PELECYPHORA, Flowers lateral, borne in axils of old and mature tubercles, these never grooved above. Flowers large, with an elongate tube; tubercles elongate, flabby________-.--_---__ 48. DOLICOTHELE. lowers small, campanulate; tubercles not flabby. Hilum of seed large; spines pectinate____49. SOLISIA. Hilum of seed minute; spines not pectinate. 50. NEOMAMMILLARIA. 1. PERESKIA Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Leafy trees or shrubs, or sometimes clambering vines, branching and re- sembling other woody plants; spines in pairs or in clusters in the axils of the leaves, neither sheathed nor barbed; leaves alternate, broad, flat, deciduous, somewhat fleshy; flowers solitary, corymbose, or in panicles, ter- minal or axillary, wheel-shaped; stamens numerous; style one; stigma lobes linear; seeds black, glossy, with a brittle shell, the embryo strongly curved, the cotyledons leafy; seedlings without spines. Pereskia portulacifolia (L.) Haw. has often been reported incorrectly from Mexico. The following vernacular names have heen given for it: “ Pitahayita de agua” (Jalisco) ; “pata de leén,” “ patilén” (Oaxaca), The name “palo de puerco espino” is reported from Oaxaca for a Pereskia whose specific identity is doubtful. Plants climbing vines; branches with a pair of reflexed spines at each areole___--_--__ 1, P. aculeata. Plants erect shrubs or trees: branches with straight spines at the areoles. Petals fimbriate___-__--____.---- ee 2. P. lychnidiflora. Petals entire. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 859 Branches with few or no spines__---------------------- 3. P. tampicana. Branches very spiny. Leaves acuminate, cuneate at base-------~--------- 4, P. zinniaeflora. Leaves merely acute, not cuneate at base___.---_------5. P. conzattii. 1. Pereskia aculeata Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. Cactus pereskia L. Sp. Pl. 469. 1753. Pereskia pereskia Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 888. 1882. Pereskia godsefiana Sander, Gard. Chron. III. 48: 257. 1908. Cultivated throughout tropical America ; perhaps an escape in Mexico. Shrub, at first erect, but the branches often clambering and forming vines 3 to 10 meters long; spines on lower part of stem solitary or 2 or 3 together, slender and straight; spines in the axils of the leaves paired, rarely in threes, short, recurved; leaves short-petioled, lanceolate to oblong or ovate, short- acuminate, tapering or rounded at base, 7 cm. long or less; flowers in panicles or corymbs, white, pale yellow, or pinkish, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad; ovary leafy and often spiny; fruit light yellow, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, when mature quite smooth ; seeds black, somewhat flattened, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. “Gro- sellero” (Cuba). This species is often cultivated, the flowers being handsome, although they have an offensive odor. The fruit is edible, and is sometimes used for making preserves. The leaves are said to be employed in Brazil as a pot herb. In the British West Indies the plant is sometimes known as Barbados goose- berry or Spanish gooseberry. 2. Pereskia lychnidiflora DC. Prodr. 8: 475. 1828. Mexico; known only from a drawing by Mocifio and Sessé. Evidently a tree or shrub; branches cylindric, woody; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, oval to oblong, pointed, rounded at base, sessile; axils of leaves each bearing a stout spine 2 to 5 em. long and several long hairs; flowers 6 cm. broad, solitary, borne at the ends of short stout branches; petals broadly cune- ate, laciniate at the apex; ovary turbinate, bearing small leaves. 3. Pereskia tampicana Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 939. 1898. Reported only from Tampico, Tamaulipas. Shrub; branches often without spines, or the spines several, needle-like, black, 2 to 3 em. long; areoles globular, appearing as knobs along the stem; leaves about 5 cm. long, petioled; flowers 2.5 cm. long; petals entire, rose- colored. 4. Pereskia zinniaefiora DC. Prodr. 83: 475. 1828. Based upon a drawing by Mocifio and Sessé, and not otherwise known. Shrub; leaves oval to oblong, 2 to 4 cm. long, acuminate, cuneate at base; spines on young branches 1 or 2 at an areole, on old branches 4 or 5, all less than 1 cm. long; flowers 5 cm. wide, rose-red; petals entire, obtuse or retuse ; style and stamens very short; ovary truncate, bearing small stalked leaves. 5, Pereskia conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 24. 1919. Southern Oaxaca, the type from Salina Cruz. Tree, 8 to 10 meters high; bark of stems and branches brown and smooth ; leaves orbicular to obovate, acute, 1 to 2.5 cm. long; areoles small, with short white wool and a few long hairs; spines 2 to 6 on young branches, 10 to 20 on main stem, acicular, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, at first yellowish brown, dark brown in age; ovary bearing small scales; fruit naked, pear-shaped, more or less stalked, 8 to 4 em. long; seeds black, glossy, 8 mm. long. with a small white hilum. 860 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. PERESKIOPSIS Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331. 1907. Trees and shrubs, in habit and foliage similar to Pereskia; old trunk form- ing a solid woody cylinder covered with bark and resembling the ordinary dicotyledonous stem; areoles circular, spine-bearing or sometimes spineless, also bearing hairs, wool, and usually glochids; flowers similar to those of Opuntia; ovary sessile (one species described as pedunculate), with leaves at the areoles (except in one species) ; fruit red; seeds bony, few, covered with matted hairs, Stems, ovary, and often the leaves more or less pubescent. Normal leaves long-acuminate, narrow, with narrow cuneate base. 1. P. velutina. Normal leaves abruptly pointed, somewhat cuneate at base_.2. P. diguetii. Stems, ovary, and leaves glabrous. Leaves, at least some of them, not much longer than broad. Fruit without leaves___-..--..--- 3. P. opuntiaeflora. Fruit with leaves subtending the areoles, Areoles white, with few or no glochids. Leaves orbicular or nearly so, rounded or apiculate at apex. 4. P. rotundifolia. Leaves, at least the upper ones, obovate or elliptic, acute at both ends. 5. P. chapistle. Areoles dark, filled with numerous brown glochids______ 6. P. porteri. Leaves, at least some of them, twice as long as broad or longer. Leaves spatulate___---------- 7. P. spathulata. Leaves elliptic to oblong or obovate. Leaves pale green, glaucous_...mne. 8. P. pititache. Leaves bright green, Shining-.-------- 9. P. aquosa, 1. Pereskiopsis velutina Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 333. 1907. Central Mexico, the type from Querétaro. Stems weak and spreading, forming compact bushes 1 meter high or more; old stems with cherry-brown bark; young branches green, borne nearly at right angles to the old stem, velvety-pubescent; areoles bearing long white hairs, several short spines, and some glochids; leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2 to 6 cm. long by 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, acuminate, or acute at both ends, dull green, more or less velvety-puberulent on both surfaces; flowers sessile on the sec- ond-year branches; ovary obovoid to oblong, pubescent, bearing large leaves and areoles similar to those of the stem; leaves on ovary spreading or ascend- ing and persisting after the flower falls; sepals green or deep and tinged with yellow; petals bright yellow. “ Nopaleta,” “cola de diablo.” The plant is grown in hedges about Querétaro. . Pereskiopsis diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 332. 1907. Opuntia diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 166. 1898. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type collected near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Tall shrub, larger than the preceding species; old stems reddish; branches pubescent; areoles when young filled with long cobwebby hairs, when old large and filled with short black Wool; leaves elliptic to obovate, 3 to 5 em. long, usually abruptly pointed, more or less cuneate at base; spines usually 1, rarely as many as 4, at first nearly black, in time becoming lighter, sometimes hearly 7 cm. long; glochids brownish, not very abundant; flowers yellow ; fruit 3 cm. long, red, pubescent, its areoles often bearing spines as well as glochids; seeds white, 5 mm. broad, covered with matted hairs. “Tasajillo,” “alfilerillo” (Jalisco). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 861 3, Pereskiopsis opuntiaeflora (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 332. 1907. Pereskia opuntiaeflora DC. Prodr. 3: 475. 1828. Opuntia golziana Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 654. 1898. Based upon a drawing of a Mexican plant by Sessé and Mocifio, and not otherwise known. Shrubby, glabrous; leaves obovate, mucronate, often in pairs; spines, when present, solitary, elongate, 2 to 3 times as long as the leaves; flowers sub- terminal, short-pedunculate; petals numerous, ovate, subacute, reddish yel- low, arranged in two series; ovary leafless, bearing areoles filled with glochids. 4, Pereskiopsis rotundifolia (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 333. 1907. Pereskia rotundifolia DC. Prodr. 3: 475. 1828. Opuntia rotundifolia Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 652. 1898. Based upon an illustration by Mocifio and Sessé of a Mexican plant; per- haps occurring in Oaxaca. Stem thick, more or less woody; branches slender, glabrous; leaves nearly orbicular, mucronate; spines elongate, solitary; flowers 8 em. broad, borne on the second-year branches; petals reddish yellow, broad, with mucronate tips; ovary leafy; fruit obovoid, red, leafy. 5. Pereskiopsis chapistle (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331. 1907. Opuntia chapistle Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 388. 1904. Oaxaca and probably Morelos; type from Oaxaca. A large branching shrub, sometimes 3 to 4 meters high, the branches widely spreading, glabrous; spines single, white, long (6 cm.), very stout; leaves fleshy, somewhat persistent, obovate to elliptic, sometimes nearly orbicular, 3 to 4 cm. long, glabrous; flowers yellow; fruit red. “ Chapiztli.” 6. Pereskiopsis porteri (T. 8. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 332. 1907. Opuntia porteri T. S. Brandeg.; Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 899. 1898. Opuntia brandegeei Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 653. 1898. Pereskiopsis brandegeei Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331. 1907. Sinaloa and southern Baja California; type from Sinaloa. Stems stout, woody, branching, 60 to 120 em. high, 3 cm. in diameter, the old areoles bearing 3 to § stout spines 3 to 5 cm. long, but on the trunk often 15 to 20 spines from an areole; first and second-year branches usually short, spineless or with 1 or 2 brown spines, those of the first year green, of the second year brownish; areoles bearing numerous small brown glochids; leaves sessile, 2 to 3 cm. long, obovate, acute, fleshy; flowers about 4 cm. in diameter; sepals few, spatulate, short; petals few, yellow, broad, entire ; fruit joint-like, oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long, orange-colored, with large areoles bearing brown glochids; seeds 1 or few, covered with white deciduous hairs. “ Aleajer” (Baja California). The fruit is said to be edible but very sour. 7. Pereskiopsis spathulata (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 333. 1907. Pereskia spathulata Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 176. 1837. Opuntia spathulata Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 165, 1898. Collected many years ago in Mexico, but without definite locality. 862 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Branching shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; branches few, glaucescent, deflexed ; leaves spatulate, thick, green, 2.5 to 5 cm. long; areoles distant, woolly, hairy when young; spines 1 or 2, rigid, white below, 2.5 cm. long; glochids brown, borne in the upper part of the areoles; flowers red; seeds white. The vernacular name “pititache”’ has been reported, perhaps erroneously, for this species. 8. Pereskiopsis pititache (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 332. 1907. Pereskia pititache Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 176. 1837. Pereskia calandriniaefolia Link & Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 252. 1850. Opuntia pititache Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 166. 1898. Reported from southern Mexico. Stems rather low and somewhat branching; bark light brownish and flaking off ; areoles on main trunk each bearing 1 to 4 slender acicular spines and a small cluster of yellowish glochids; branches, even when several years old, bearing a single long acicular spine from an areole and no glochids; young branches rather slender and green, their areoles small, black in the center, with long white hairs from their margins and no spines; leaves obovate or oblong- obovate, 4 cm. long or less, pale green, thin, acute or bluntish at apex, narrowed at base. The names “patilén” and “pititache” are reported for this species. 9. Pereskiopsis aquosa (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331. 1907. Opuntia aquosa Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 165. 1898. Vicinity of Guadalajara, Jalisco. Shrub, with glabrous glaucous green branches, the young shoots with long white hairs at the areoles; leaves bright green, nearly elliptic, acute, about twice as long as wide, narrowed at base, glabrous; spines usually. solitary, standing at right angles to the stem, white; glochids few, yellow; flowers yel- low; outer petals blotched with red; fruit pear-shaped, 4 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish green. ‘Tuna de agua,” “ pitaya de agua,” “chirrioncillo,” “ tasajillo,” “ alfilerillo.”’ 3. NOPALEA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 63. 1850. Much branched plants with definite cylindric trunks; roots, so far as known, fibrous; branches or joints flattened, fleshy, often narrow; glochids usually less abundant than in Opuntia; spines solitary or in clusters at the areoles, sheathless ; leaves small, subterete, soon deciduous; areoles bearing white wool, glochids, and often spines; flowers originating in the areoles usually at or near the edges of the joints; sepals ovate, erect; petals red or pinkish, erect, closely appressed against the numerous stamens and the style; filaments and style slender, much longer than the petals; ovary more or less tuberculate, naked or spiny, with a very deep umbilicus; fruit a juicy berry, red, edible, usually spineless; seeds numerous, flat, covered by a hard bony aril. Joints without spines___--_---.---§ 1. N. cochenillifera. Joints more or less spiny. Spines acicular______---_--------- 2. N. gaumeri, Spines subulate. Areoles usually with 1 or 2 spines, but sometimes without spines: joints glaucous__--__--_-- ~~~ 3. N. auberi. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 863 Areoles with 2 to 12 spines; joints green. Joints narrow, 4 to 7 times as long as wide_____--------- 4, N. dejecta. Joints oblong or oblong-obovate, 2 to 4 times as long as wide. Spines 2 to 4; joints not tuberculate___-—-—------ 5. N. karwinskiana, Spines 4 to 12; joints strongly tuberculate___--------- 6. N. inaperta. 1. Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 64. 1850. Cactus cochenillifer L. Sp Pl. 468. 1753. Opuntia cochinelifera Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Opuntia No. 6. 1768. Cultivated throughout tropical America. Often tall plants, 3 to 4 meters high, with trunks up to 20 em. thick; branches of ascending or spreading oblong joints, sometimes 50 cm. long, green, bright green at first; spines none or rarely minute ones developing on the older joints; glochids numerous, caducous; flowers appearing from the tops of the joints, usually in great abundance; flower, from base of ovary to tip of style, 5.5 cm. long; ovary nearly globular, 2 em. long, with low diamond-shaped tubercles, its areoles bearing many glochids; sepals broadly ovate, acute, scarlet; petals a little longer than the sepals, otherwise similar, persistent; stamens pinkish, exserted 1 to 1.5 cm. beyond the petals; stigma lobes 6 or 7, exserted beyond the stamens; style swollen just above its base into a broad disk; fruit red, about 5 em. long; seeds about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. “ Nocheznopalli ” (Nahuatl) ; ‘“ nopal de San Gabriel” (Oaxaca) ; “tuna mansa ” (Porto Rico) ; “tuna,” “nopal” (El Salvador). Nopalea cochenillifera is one of the best known of Mexican plants, particu- larly because of the fact, as indicated by the specific name, that it was upon this cactus that there were propagated the cochineal insects from which was ob- tained the famous dye of the same name. The source of the dye was well known to the precolumbian inhabitants of Mexico, who used it for coloring va- rious articles. Immediately after the Conquest the export of cochineal was begun, and it was long one of the chief articles of tribute to the crown. The industry was later established in Spain, India, Jamaica, the Canary Islands, and elsewhere. The principal producer of the dye was probably the Canaries, and from those islands in 1868 more than 6,000,000 pounds, valued at $4,000,000 was exported. With the development of coal-tar dyes this industry quickly de- cayed. The cochineal insects were “ planted ” upon the branches of the plants, where they quickly multiplied, and were later brushed off into bags. After hav- ing been dried, they became the cochineal of commerce. Large plantations of Nopalea plants were made in Mexico for this purpose, the chief centers of production being in Guerrero and Oaxaca. It should be noted that the cochineal insect lives upon Opuntias, and extends as far north as the State of Colorado. The fruit is edible. The joints are sometimes applied as poultices to relieve articular rheumatism, erysipelas, ophthalmia, earache, and toothache. 2. Nopalea gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 216. 1919. Yucatin; type locality, near Silam. About 3 meters high, much branched; joints small, linear-oblong or oblong- oblanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 3 em. broad, rather thin; areoles small, 1 to 2 em. apart; spines very unequal, 5 to 20 mm. long, acicular, 4 to 12, yellowish when young; flower small, including ovary and stamens about 4 em. long; sepals ovate, acute; petals oblong, 12 mm. long; stamens long-exserted ; style longer than the stamens; fruit red, darker within, obovoid, 3 cm. long, its numerous areoles bearing spines and yellow glochids; umbilicus prominent, 1 cm. deep; seeds about 4 mm. broad, with very narrow margin and very thin testa. 864 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 83. Nopalea auberi (Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 64. 1850. Opuntia auberi Pfeift. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840. Central to southern Mexico; type locality unknown. Often 8 to 10 meters high, with a cylindric jointed trunk, never very spiny but the areoles bearing tufts of brown glochids; branches often at right angles. to the stem; joints narrow, thick, 30 em. long, bluish green and glaucous; areoles circular, about 2 mm. broad, bearing short white wool and later a tuft of brown glochids; spines when present 1 or 2, subulate, the upper one. about twice as long as the other, white or nearly so, with brownish tips, the longest one 2 to 3 em. long; flowers from base of ovary to tip of style about 9 em. long; petals erect, closely embracing the stamens, rose-pink, ovate-lance- olate, acuminate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long; filaments 12 to 15 mm. longer than the petals, white bélow, but the exposed parts pinkish; ovary 4 cm. long, with low but very distinct tubercles and a deep umbilicus, its areoles bearing many brown glochids, these sometimes 10 mm. long. 4. Nopalea dejecta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 64. 1850. Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834. Cultivated in tropical Mexico; type locality unknown. Plants 1 to 2 meters high, with definite trunk, very spiny, the old areoles often bearing 6 or 8 spines; joints narrow, 10 to 15 em. long, only moderately thick, often drooping, bright green even in age, bearing usually two somewhat Spreading spines at an areole; spines at first pale yellow or pinkish, in age gray, the longest 4 cm. long; flower, including ovary and style, 5 cm. long; sepals obtuse; petals erect, dark red; stamens long-exserted, dark red. “ Nopal chamacuero ” (Tamaulipas). The fruit is edible. The joints are sometimes cut into strips and boiled as a vegetable. 5. Nopalea karwinskiana (Salm-Dyck) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 752. 1898, Opuntia karwinskiana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 239. 1850. Widely distributed in Mexico. A tree, 2 meters high or more, with a definite jointed terete spiny trunk ; joints oblong, 15 to 30 cm. long, light dull green, only slightly glaucous; leaves elongate, acute; areoles distant; spines 3 to 7 from an areole, porrect, 1 to 2 em. long, pale yellow to nearly white; glochids yellow, numerous, caducous; flowers red, 11 to 12 em. long; ovary deeply umbilicate, 3 cm. long. “ Nopalillo de flor” (Jalisco) ; “ nopalillo.” The root is said to be employed as a remedy for dysentery. 6. Nopalea inaperta Schott; Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 139. 1913. Yucatan. Described as 5 to 7 meters high but in cultivation much smaller, diffusely branched, often bushlike; trunk very spiny; terminal joints rather small, obo- vate, 6 to 17 cm. long, strongly tuberculate, bright green; spines usually 3 to 6 at areoles of young joints, more at old ones, yellowish brown, 2 em. long or less; flowers including ovary and stamens 4 em. long; filaments numerous, long-exserted ; style much longer than the stamens; fruit red, 1.5 em. long. 4. OPUNTIA Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754, Plants sometimes with definite trunks or more often much branched from the base, the branches often spreading, reclining, or prostrate, sometimes clam- bering, but never climbing (one species known with annual stems); roots fibrous or rarely tuberous and large and fleshy; ultimate branches (joints or pads) cylindric to globose or flattened, usually very fleshy, sometimes woody ; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 865 areoles axillary, bearing spines, barbed bristles (glochids), hairs, flowers, and sometimes glands; leaves usually small, terete, mostly early deciduous; spines solitary or in clusters, terete or fluttened, naked or sheathed; glochids usually numerous, borne above the spines; flowers usually one at an areole; ovary many-ovuled, bearing leaves, the areoles often with spines and glochids; sepals usually grading into the petals; petals usually of various shades and combi- nations of green, yellow, and red (rarely white), widely spreading; stamens much shorter than the petals, sensitive; fruit a berry, dry or juicy, often edible, spiny or naked, globular, ovoid, or ellipsoid ; seed covered by a hard bony aril, white, flattened. The species of Opuntia are common in nearly all parts of Mexico, par- ticularly in the arid regions. Those of the subgenus Platyopuntia are of great economic importance because of their edible fruits. Not all species produce edible fruits, but in certain ones the fruits are large and of excel- lent quality. During their season the tunas are the principal food of the people in certain parts of Mexico, and enormous quantities of them are con- sumed. Usually they are eaten raw, but they are also cooked in various ways, and sweetmeats are made from them. Queso de tuna consists of the dried fruit pressed into large cakes; this is widely sold in the markets. Miel de tuna is a syrup prepared from the fruit. Melcocha is a thick paste made by boiling down the juice. Colonche is the boiled and fermented juice. Nochote or nochocle is a fermented beverage prepared from tuna juice, pulque, and water.1 Tejuino also is a beverage prepared from the juice of the fruit. The tender young joints are often cooked as a vegetable. They are also applied as poultices to reduce inflammation. The juice of the joints is sometimes boiled with tallow in making candles, in order to make the candles hard. Among some of the Californian Indians the seeds were an important food. These were stored until winter, when they were ground and used to pre- pare a kind of atole. Many of the Opuntias are of importance as food for stock in the arid regions. In order to make them more easily edible, the spines are some- times burned off with torches.? The usual name for a plant of the subgenus Platyopuntia is “ nopal”; for the fruit “tuna” (a name said to be of West Indian origin). The English name is prickly pear. An infinite number of names is employed in Mexico to designate the numerous varieties of the fruit that are recognized. The following are some of the names that are reported for the plants and their fruits: “Nochtli” (fruit; Nahuatl); ‘“culhua”; “pacac » © notzotz (Huastec) ; “taat” (Mixe); “pare” (Tarascan) ; “caha” (fruit), “xatha” (plant) (Otomf). The nopal occupies a prominent place in Mexican legend and history, and upon the national banner there appears an eagle perched upon a nopal plant. The tunas are mentioned by all the early writers, as, for instance, Oviedo, who devotes a long chapter to them. 3ernal Diaz del Castillo mentions them as one of the fruits depended upon for food during the siege of Mexico 1For an account of the economic properties of the genus see Hare and Griffiths, The tuna as food for man, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 64. 1907. 2See Griffiths and Hare, Prickly pear and other eacti as food for stock, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 60. 1906. 866 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. in 1521. Clavigero states that improved varieties of tunas were earried to Baja California by the early missionaries. He reports also that the Cochimf name for the fruit “is the single vowel a.” Joints of the stems all terete, elongate or short, cylindric to globose. (Sub- genus CYLINDROPUNTIA. ) Spines without sheaths___-._---. VII. CLAVATAE. Spines with papery sheaths. Spines, at least some of them, solitary, sometimes several; ultimate branches slender, rarely more than 1 cm. thick.__._I. LEPTOCAULES. Spines always more than one; ultimate branches stouter. Ultimate branches not over 2 em. thick________ II. THURBERIANAE. Ultimate branches 2 em. thick or more. Fruit dry___-.------ III. ECHINOCARPAE. Fruit fleshy. Tubercles of young joints scarcely longer than broad, IV. BIGELOVIANAE. Tubercles distinctly longer than broad. Tubercles narrow, high, laterally flattened____V. IMBRICATAE., Tubercles broad, low__----________.-.§ VI. FULGIDAE. Joints, at least some of them, flat or compressed. (Subgenus PLaryopuntta.) Stems annual, very slender_________..__. XXIV. CHAFFEYANAE Stems perennial, stout or slender. Flowers dioecious; petals very narrow________ XXIII. STENOPETALAE. Flowers perfect ; petals obovate to oblong. Joints easily detached from the plants. Joints very easily detached, little flattened; plants mostly low and with small joints...-------- VIII. PUMILAE. Joints not so easily detached, flattened ; plants mostly taller and with larger joints_._..--_._..- > eee IX, TUNAE. Joints not easily detached, persistent. Areoles small, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, mostly close together, not ele- vated ~-__-----_-ee xX. BASILARES. Areoles larger, mostly distant. Spines, when present, brown or yellow (white in O. setispina). Spines brown, at least at base or tip. Plants bushy or depressed. Spines acicular__-.........- XI. SETISPINAE. Spines subulate______--.-_ XII. PHAEACANTHAE. Plants tall, sometimes with a definite trunk. XIII. ELATIORES. Spines yellow, at least partially so. Epidermis glabrous. Areoles close together, bearing long brown wool. XIV. SCHEERIANAE. Areoles distant, without long wool____XV. DILLENIAN AE. Epidermis, at least that of the ovary, pubescent. XVI. MACDOUGALIANAE. Spines, when present, white (or faintly yellow). Epidermis pubescent. Spines acicular____--._------_ XVII. TOMENTOSAE. Spines setaceous, flexible___.___ XVIII. LEUCOTRICHAE. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 867 Epidermis glabrous. Areoles bearing long soft hairs__------ XIX. ORBICULATAE. Areoles without long hairs. Joints green or bluish green. Plants spineless, or with a few, usually short spines. XX, FICUS-INDICAE. Plants spiny, at least on old joints. XXI. STREPTACANTHAE. Joints blue_-___-------~.-----.------------ XXII. ROBUSTAE. I. LEPTOCAULES. Ultimate joints short, usually at right angles to the branches, 4 to 7 mm. thick. Leaves ovoid to ovoid-subulate; young areoles long-hairy_-1. 0. mortolensis. Leaves linear; areoles not long-hairy-------------------- 2. O. leptocaulis. Ultimate joints longer, usually at an acute angle with the branches, 8 to 15 mm. thick. Joints only slightly tuberculate_---~--------------------- 3. O. arbuscula. Joints manifestly tuberculate__--------------- -------------- 4. O kleiniae. II. THURBERIANAE. Tubercles narrowly oblong, 1 cm. long or more. Spines, at least the larger ones, 2.5 em. long or more__—--- 5. O. recondita. Spines 2 em. long or less_-----~---.-------------------- ~~ 6. O. thurberi. Tubercles low, oblong, 6 to 8 mm. long_------------------- 7. O. clavellina. III. ECHINOCARPAE. Sheaths of the spines white or straw-colored_------------- 8. O. echinocarpa. Sheaths yellow-brown_-__------------------------------"--~ 9. O. serpentina. IV. BIGELOVIANAE. Larger spines numerous; upper tubercles on fruit larger than the lower ones. 10. O. bigelovii. Larger spines 4 to 6; tubercles on fruit all alike_--_----------- 11. O. ciribe. V. IMBRICATAE. Joints clavate; tubercles not much flattened laterally__------ 19. O. molesta. Joints cylindric; tubercles much flattened laterally. Fruit smooth or but slightly tuberculate. Branches very stout, 5 cm. thick or more_------------- 12. O. cholla. Branches relatively slender, 2 cm. thick or less. Plants glaucous; spines 4 at an areole___--------- 13. O. calmalliana. Plants not glaucous; spines more than 4 at an areole__14. O. versicolor. Fruit manifestly tuberculate. Plants tall, up to 2 to 4 meters high. Flowers small, the petals 1.5 cm. long-------------- 15. O. lloydii. Flowers large, the petals 2 to 3 cm. long._----------- 16. O. imbricata. Plants low, 60 cm. high or less. Flowers yellow__------------------------------------ 17. O. tunicata. Flowers rose-colored__--------------------------------- 18. O. pallida. 868 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. VI. FULGIDAR, Joints very readily detached, freely falling-__-_.-._______ 20. O. fulgida. Joints not readily detached, persistent. Spines brown or reddish, at least at base. Branches slender; fruit not proliferous_......._ 21. O. spinosior. Branches stout; fruit proliferous_...___.. 22. O. prolifera. Spines white or yellow. Spines white; petals greenish yellow, 1 cm. long or less__23. O. alcahes. Spines yellow; petals red, 2 cm. long__--_-_-_.____ 24, O. burrageana. VII. CLAVATAR. Spines flattened. Stems very stout. Stems hardly clavate; ovary very prickly_______-__-__ 25. O. invicta. Stems strictly clavate; ovary only slightly prickly______ 26. O. stanlyi. Stems more slender and weak_.__...... 27. O. schottii. Spines terete, elongate, and flexible, or the central ones somewhat flattened. Flowers pinkish or purple___-....----- 28. O. vilis. Flowers yellow. Spines comparatively short, swollen at base__..______ 29. O. bulbispina. Spines long and flexible, not swollen at base_......_ 30. O. grahamii. VIII. PUMILAE. Areoles (young ones) with only 1 to 3 spines_________- 31. O. pumila, Areoles with 3 to 7 spines____..------ 32. O. pubescens. IX. TUNAE. Areoles surrounded by purplish spots_._..___.. 33. O. decumbens. Areoles not surrounded by purplish spots_._.........__ | 34. O. depressa. Joints not pubescent_-_---_----- 35. O. lubrica. Joints usually manifestly pubescent Spines none or few. Flowers red_--.------- ene eee 36. O. basilaris. Flowers yellow to orange. Joints bright green. Glochids long_-______---- 37. O. microdasys. Glochids short__-__---.------ 38. O. macrocalyx. Joints grayish green... 39. O. rufida Spines very numerous. Areoles close together__-.---.--- 40. O. pycnantha, Areoles distant.------- 41. 0. comonduensis. Joints elongate__._-.------- 42. 0. megarhiza. Joints obovate to orbicular. Flowers red or purple_-_----_-_----- 43. 0. pottsii. Flowers yellow. Areoles large; joints glaucous, purplish about areoles____44. O. setispina. Areoles small; joints green throughout_____________ 45. O. tenuispina. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 869 XII. PHAEACANTHAE. Plants small and creeping----------------------------77-77~ Plants more or less bushy. Joints thin; spines, when present, very long and confined to middle areoles. Spines dark brown, stout, rigid-------------------- Spines pale brown, flexible or subulate__------------- Joints thick; spines not confined to the upper and middle areoles. Joints relatively small, seldom over 15 em. broad; plants relatively low. Plants erect, 2 meters high or less-------------------- Plants bushy, rarely over 1 meter higi_-_~-_------ Joints relatively large, mostly over 15 cm. broad; plants relatively tall. Spines clear brown nearly throughout_------------- 50. O. occidentalis. Spines nearly white above or throughout. Spines with dark brown bases____-------------- Spines whitish throughout _-- ~o oe --a------- 53. O. rastrera. the upper and 46, O. macrocentra. 47. O. gosseliniana. 51. O. engelmannii. 52. O. discata. XIII. ELATIORES. A single species in Mexico_- poe ee eee eee XIV. SCHEERIANAE. 54. O. fuliginosa. A single species__---------------------------- rrr 55. O. scheeri. XV. DILLENIANAE. Spines nearly setaceous, most of them reflexed_----------- 56. O. chlorotica. Spines, when present, acicular to subulate. Spines mostly stout, commonly flattened___---------------57. O. dillenii. Spines acicular to subulate, terete or slightly flattened at base. Spines long. Areoles mostly 1.5 to 2 cm. apart._--------------------- Areoles mostly 2.5 to 4 cm. apart. Spines yellow or yellowish brown_-------------- Spines pale yellow or whitish____---------- Spines 1.5 cm. long or less, or becoming longer on old joints. 61. O. pyriformis. 58. O. tapona. XVI. MACDOUGALIANAE. spines 1.5 cm. long or less. Joints merely finely puberulent or glabrous ; 62. O. durangensis. Joints distinctly pubescent ; spines 2 to 3 cm. long. Petals red. Style shorter than the petals ne Style as long as the petals___-------------------------—— Petals yellow, Spines acicular, at first yellow, soon white------ Spines subulate. Petals retuse; areoles of ovary many, approximate___-- Petals mucronate; areoles of ovary few, distant_-~-~-- 63. O. atropes. 64. O. affinis. 66. O. velutina. 67. O. wilcoxii. XVII. TOMENTOSAE. 68. O. tomentosa. Joints narrowly obovate_—--------------------------77--— 69. O. guilanchi. Joints broadly obovate__-~--------------------—---------~ 870 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, XVIII. LEUCOTRICHAR. A single species_...------ 70. O. leucotricha. XIX. ORBICULATAE. Hairs from the areoles of young plants long and white, long-peristent ; plants low_--~------ ~~ 71. O. orbiculata. Hairs from the areoles of young joints early deciduous; plants tall. 72. O. pilifera. XX. FICUS-INDICAR. Joints dull. Joints thin, up to 50 em. long__---§- 73. O. ficus-indica, Joints thick, 15 cm. long or legs... 74. O. crassa. Joints glossy__-------- 75. O. undulata. XXI. STREPTACANTHAR. Areoles close together, sunken... 76. O. spinulifera. Areoles not close together, not sunken. Spines acicular___.-------e 77. O. lasiacantha. Spines subulate. Areoles with 2 or more short reflexed hairs or bristles at the lower part of the areole. Spines strongly depressed ; areoles with several hairs. 78. O. hyptiacantha. Spines not strongly depressed; areoles with 1 or 2 hairs. Joints obovate... 79. O. streptacantha. Joints oblong_------- 80. O. amyclaea. Areoles without reflexed hairs or bristles... | 81. O. megacantha. Fruit deep red, 7 to 9 cm. in diameter... 82. O. robusta. Fruit greenish white, 4 to 5 em. in diameter____..___ 83. O. guerrana. XXIII. STENOPETALAR. Spines dark; plants low, prostrate... 84. O. stenopetala. Spines white; plants erect. Joints narrow; spines acicular._...-- = 85. O. glaucescens, Joints broader; spines stouter....-- 86. O. grandis. A single species__.-------- 87. O. chaffeyi. 1. Opuntia mortolensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 47. 1919. Sonora; described from cultivated plants. Slender, 60 cm. high or less, dull green, the ultimate twigs short, sometimes only 2 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. thick, scarcely tuberculate; young areoles with numerous early deciduous weak white hairs and several brown glochids; are- oles of old branches with solitary acicular spines 3 to 5 cm. long, these with tightly fitting brown sheaths. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 871 2. Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828. Opuntia ramulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 360. 1834. Opuntia gracilis Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 172. 1837. Opuntia virgata Link & Otto; Forst. Handb. Cact. 506. 1846. Opuntia vaginata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848. Opuntia frutescens Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 208. 1850. Widely distributed in Mexico, extending southward to Puebla. Also in the southwestern United States. Usually bushy, often compact, 2 meters high or less, but sometimes with a short definite trunk 5 to 8 em. in diameter, dull green with darker blotches below the areoles, with slender, cylindric, ascending, hardly tuberculate branches; branches, especially the fruiting ones, thickly set with short, usu- ally spineless joints spreading nearly at right angles to the main branches, very easily detached; spines usually solitary at young areoles, very slender, white, at areoles of old branches 2 or 8 together, 2 to 5 cm. long or less; are- oles with very short white wool; flowers greenish or yellowish, 1.5 to 2 em. long (including the ovary); ovary obeonic, bearing numerous small woolly brown areoles subtended by small leaves, its glochids brown; fruit globular to obovate or even clavate, often proliferous, red or rarely yellow, 10 to 18 mm. long, slightly fleshy. “ Tasajillo ” (Durango, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Texas, New Mexico). . The plant is abundant in many parts of northern Mexico and often forms dense thickets. The long spines are very offensive, and often cause bad sores when they penetrate the flesh. Opuntia ramosissima Engelm.,’ a closely related species, common in south- western Arizona, should be looked for in Sonora and Baja California. Opuntia tesajo Engelm.? was based on a Baja California specimen, but the type has been lost, and the plant should perhaps be referred to O, leptocaulis. 8. Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 309, 1856. Sonora. Southwestern United States; type from the lower Gila, near Mari- copa Village. Forming a bush 2 to 3 meters high, often with a rounded, very compact top with numerous short branches; trunk short, 10 to 12 cm. in diameter, with several woody branches; ultimate joints 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 8 mm. in diameter, with low indistinct tubercles; spines usually 1, but sometimes several, espe- cially on old joints, porrect, up to 4 em. long, covered with loose straw-colored sheaths; flowers greenish yellow tinged with red, 3.5 cm. long; fruit often proliferous, sometimes only one-seeded. A, Opuntia kleiniae DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828. Opuntia wrightii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856. Opuntia caerulescens Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 86. 1909. Central and northern Mexico. Southwestern United States. Stems pale, glaucous, sometimes 25 meters tall, woody at base; tubercles long; areoles large, a little longer than wide, filled with white wool from the very first; spines usually 1, but sometimes more, from the base of the areole, covered with yellow sheaths, on old joints accompanied by several bristle-like spines from the lower margin of the areole; glochids yellow to brown; flowers 3 cm. long, purplish; petals broad, rounded at apex; fruit red, 2 to 2.5 long, leng persisting; seeds 4 to 5 mm. broad. “ Tasajillo” (Durango, Patoni). 1amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 339. 1852. ? Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 448. 1896. 872 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Opuntia recondita Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 131. 1913. Type from La Perla, Mexico. Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; joints 20 to 30 cm. long, very spiny, about 2 em. in diameter, tuberculate; areoles broadly obovate, 5 to 6 mm. long, in age larger and more prominent, forming new wool for several years; glochids yel- low; spines at first 2 to 4, later 6 to 10, 2.5 to 5 em. long, gray at base, deep reddish brown at tip, with a loose sheath; flowers bright purple, 2.5 cm. broad; fruit persistent, 3 to 3.5 em. long, greenish yellow, weakly tuberculate. 6. Opuntia thurberi Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 308. 1856. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Bacuachi, Sonora. Arizona. Large bushy plants, 2 to 4 meters high; joints slender, elongate, 15 to 25 em. long, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; tubercles 1.5 to 2 em. long, flattened laterally ; spines 8 to 5, short (10 to 12 mm. long), spreading, covered with thin brown papery sheaths, the lowest one Stoutest ; flowers 3.5 em. broad, brownish: fruit 2 to 3 cm. long, spineless; seeds nearly globular, 4 mm. in diameter, “Cholla ” (Sinaloa). 7. Opuntia clavellina Engelm. ; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 444, 1896. Central Baja California; type collected near Misi6n Purfsima. Plants 1 meter high, rather openly branched; ultimate joints slender, spread- inf or ascending, somewhat clavate, 5 to 10 em. long, a little over 1 cm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, elongate; spines 8 to 6 in a cluster, very long, covered with loose, straw-colored or brown sheaths, the central one much longer and porrect; flowers yellow; fruit clavate, short, tuberculate. For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 129, A. 8. Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 305. 1856. Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from the Colorado Val- ley near the mouth of the Bill Williams River. Plants usually low, but sometimes 1.5 meters high, much branched and widely spreading, with a short woody trunk 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, in age with nearly smooth bark; joints short, turgid, strongly tuberculate; spines numerous, when young bright yellow, when older brownish or in age grayish, unequally covered with thin papery sheaths; flowers yellowish, but the sepals often tipped with red; ovary short, turbinate, densely spiny, especially in the upper part; fruit dry, very spiny; seeds somewhat angular, 4 mm. broad. Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigel.,2 a somewhat smaller species, has. been reported from Mexico, but we have seen no specimens. 9. Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 388. 1852. Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego. Ascending, erect, or prostrate; branches slender, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter, bluish green, strongly tuberculate; tubercles elevated, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, longer than broad, flattened; spines 7 to 20, brown, covered with yellowish brown, papery sheaths about 1 em. long; glochids light brown; flowers close together at the top of short branches, about 4 em. broad, greenish yellow, the outer petals tinged with red; ovary strongly tuberculate, spiny, with a depressed umbilicus; fruit dry, very spiny. 10, Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. Northern Sonora and northern Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from the region of Bill Williams River. Usually with a central erect trunk, 1 meter high or less, with short lateral branches, the upper ones erect; joints usually 5 to 15 em. long, very turgid, 1Proec. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 873 with closely set areoles and almost impenetrable armament; tubercles slightly elevated, pale green, somewhat 4-sided, about as long as broad, 1 cm. broad or less; spines, as well as their papery sheaths, pale yellow; flowers several, borne at the tips of the branches, 4 cm. long (including the ovary); sepals orbicular, about 1 cm. in diameter, tinged with red; petals 1.5 cm. long, pale magenta to crimson; ovary 2 cm. long, its large areoles bearing brown wool and several acicular spines; fruit usually naked, strongly tuberculate, the upper tubercles larger than the lower. For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 128, B. 11. Opuntia ciribe Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 445. 1896. Central Baja California. One meter high or less, with numerous stout branches, densely armed; ultimate joints 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, strongly and regularly tuberculate, 3 cm. in diameter; tubercles about as long as broad (5 to 7 em. broad) ; larger spines 4 to 6, stout, 2 to 3 cm. long, covered with loose yellow sheaths, ac- companied by several bristle-like spines or hairs; glochids numerous; flowers yellow; ovary somewhat bristly; fruit strongly tuberculate, 3 to 4 cm. long, spineless. 12. Opuntia cholla Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 320. 1895. Widely distributed in Baja California. Usually treelike, 1 to 3 meters high, with a definite trunk 7 to 15 cm. in diameter; trunk very spiny at first and becoming more spiny each year for some time, but in age spineless and developing a smooth, brownish yellow bark; top of plant often dense and broad; joints often in whorls, horizontal, pale, with large compressed tubercles; spines usually numerous, more or less porrect, covered with loose brownish sheaths; glochids numerous, yellow; flowers rather small, 3 cm. broad, deep purple; fruit often 4 to 5 em. long, usually proliferous, often in long chains of 8 to 12 individuals or forming compound clusters; seeds numerous, very small, often abortive. “Cholla.” In this as in some other species the fruits are proliferous, hanging on for a few years and usually remaining green. They are, however, easily detached, and on falling to the ground take root and form new colonies. For an illus- tration of O. cholla see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 128, A, 13. Opuntia calmalliana Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 453. 1896. Baja California, the type from Calmallf. Habit and height unknown; joints cylindric, 1 to 2 em. in diameter, glau- cous, with linear-oblong crested (mostly distinct) tubercles 20 to 25 mm. long; pulvini densely covered with yellowish wool, and with a penicillate tuft of whitish bristles at upper edge; spines usually 4, the upper one stout and por- rect, reddish with yellowish tip, 2 to 2.5 em. long (occasionally 1 to 2 short upper ones added), the usually 3 (sometimes 4) lower ones more slender and sharply deflexed, 1 to 1.5 cm. long (occasionally one of them longer) ; flowers apparently purple; ovary covered with very prominent woolly pulvini, ripen- ing into a smooth juicy obovate fruit; seeds discoid and beaked, irregularly angular, with broad commissure, about 4 mm. broad. 14, Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ; Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 452. 1896. Sonora. Arizona, the type from Tucson. Bushy or treelike, 2 to 4 meters high, with a large open top sometimes 5 meters broad; trunk and larger stems woody throughout; terminal joints 10 to 20 cm. long, 2.5 cm. in diameter, variously colored, not strongly tuberculate when living; tubercles 1.5 em, long; spines 5 to 11, 5 to 25 mm. long, dark- colored, with close-fitting sheaths; glochids reddish brown; flowers variously 874 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. colored, yellow, greenish, reddish, or brown, 3 to 5.5 em. broad; ovary tuber- culate, with large areoles bearing wool, glochids, and long deciduous bristles; fruit persisting for months, sometimes for a year, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, at first somewhat tuberculate, becoming pear-shaped or globose, sometimes proliferous ; seeds white, 5 mm. broad. The fruit of this species was eaten by the Pima Indians of Arizona, either raw or prepared like that of O. imbricata. 15. Opuntia lloydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 292. 1909. Central Mexico; type from Hacienda de Cedros, Zacatecas. Much branched, 2 to 8 meters high and nearly as broad; joints terete, 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, oblong; spines few, on last year’s joints 3, reddish, 1.5 cm. long; flowers 3 em. long, opening after midday; petals 15 mm. long, dull purple; filaments olive-green below, purplish above; style rose- colored; ovary yellowish, strongly tuberculate, naked; fruit 3 cm. long, yellow to orange, slightly tuberculate. 16. Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 471. 1828. Cereus imbricatus Haw. Rev. Pl. Succ. 70. 1828. Opuntia rosea DC. Prodr. 3: 471. 1828. Opuntia decipiens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828. Opuntia exuviata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828. Opuntia arborescens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 90. 1848. Opuntia magna Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 23. 1914. Opuntia spinotecta Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 24, 1914. Central and northern Mexico. Southwestern United States. Treelike, often 3 meters high or larger, with a more or less definite woody trunk 25 cm. in diameter; ultimate joints 2 to 8 cm. in diameter, strongly tuberculate; tubercles 2 to 2.5 em. long, flattened laterally; spines 8 to 30, 2 to 3 cm. long, brown, covered with papery sheaths; flowers borne at ends of branches, 4 to 6 em. long, sometimes 8 to 9 cm. broad, purple; ovary tuberculate, bearing a few bristles from some of the upper areoles; fruit naked, yellow, 2.5 to 3 em. long, strongly tuberculate or, when long persistent, smooth; seeds 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter. “ Xoconochtli” (Herndndez) ; “ xoconostle,” “ joconoxtle ” (Jalisco) ; “ joconostle ” (Zacatecas); “ car- denche ” (Durango, Zacatecas) ; “ tasajo” (Chihuahua) ; “ coyonostle” (Nuevo Leén, Coahuila) ; “ coyonoxtle ” (Ochoterena) ; “ coyonostli ” (Nuevo Leon) ; “tuna joconoxtla” (Jalisco); “tuna huell” (Grifiths); “velas de coyote,” “entrafia” (New Mexico). In many parts of its range this is an abundant and characteristic plant. often forming extensive thickets. In early times a decoction of the fruit was used to set cochineal dye, and it is said to be so employed even at the present time. The stems contain a hard woody framework resembling a network after the soft tissue has been removed, and they are often made into canes. Among the Penitentes, a religious organization of the Southwest, it was formerly the custom, among other similar practices, during Holy Week to march in processions with large bundles of the very spiny stems bound upon their naked backs. The Pimas of Arizona formerly consumed quantities of the hard fruits of 2 related species. These were cooked over night in pits filled with heated stones, then dried in the sun, after which the spines were removed, and the fruit stored for later use. Thus prepared, the fruit was boiled and salted and eaten with pinole, or it was cooked with meat or various herbs. Opuntia cardenche Griffiths? is perhaps a synonym of this species, or possibly referable to O. kleiniae, *Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 259. pl. 21. 1908, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 875 17. Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 170. 1837. Cactus tunicatus Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 6. 1827. Opuntia stapeliae DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828. Opuntia perrita Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 33. 1912. Widely distributed in Central Mexico. Ecuador, Peru, and Chile. Very variable, sometimes low and spreading from the base and form- ing broad clumps, at other times 50 to 60 cm. high, with a more or less definite woody stem and numerous lateral branches; joints easily detached, sometimes short and nearly globular to narrowly oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long; spines reddish, normally 6 to 10, 4 to 5 cm. long, covered with thin white papery sheaths; flowers 3 cm. long, yellow; petals obtuse; ovary often bear- ing long spines at the areoles, but usually naked. “ Abrojo” (Mexico) ; “ clavellina ” (Durango) ; ‘“ tencholote” (Ochoterena). 18. Opuntia pallida Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 507. 1908. Hildalgo; type from Tula. Stems 5 cm. in diameter, about 1 meter high, with widely spreading branches, the whole plant often broader than high; old areoles very spiny, often bearing 20 spines or more, often 3 to 4.cm. long, with white papery sheaths; young areoles bearing few spines; ovary tuberculate, the areoles either naked or bearing a few bristly spines; flowers pale rose-colored; petals 15 mm. long. 19. Opuntia molesta T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 164. 1889. Baja California, the type from San Ignacio. Stems 1 to 2 meters high, with few long spreading branches; joints clavate to subcylindric, 10 to 40 cm. long, sometimes as much as 4 cm. in diameter at the top, pale green, with low broad tubercles, these elongate and often 4 cm. long or more; spines 6 to 10, unequal, the longest 2.5 to 5 cm. long. straw-colored, with loose papery sheaths; flowers purple, 5 cm. in diameter ; fruit ovoid, 2.5 em. long, somewhat spiny or naked; seeds 6 mm. in di- ameter, irregular in shape. 20. Opuntia fulgida Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 306. 1856. Opuntia mamillata Schott; Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856. Sinaloa and Sonora; type from western Sonora. Arizona. Plants sometimes 3 meters high or even larger, with a rather definite woody trunk 10 to 20 cm. in diameter, much branched, sometimes almost from the base and forming a compact flattened crown; terminal joints 10 to 20 cm. long, 8 to 5 cm. in diameter, very succulent, strongly tuberculate, easily breaking uff ; spines 2 to 12, yellowish to brown, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, acicular, covered with loose papery sheaths; glochids small, whitish to light yellow; flowers light rose, 2.5 to 3 em. broad; fruit at first tuberculate, in age smooth, somewhat pear-shaped, 2 to 5 em. long, green, usually very proliferous ; seeds rather small, 4 mm. broad, often wanting. “ Velas de coyote” (Coulter). 21, Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898. Opuntia whipplei spinosior Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856. Sonora. New Mexico and Arizona. Plants 2 to 4 meters high, treelike, with a more or less definite woody trunk. openly branched; ultimate joints 10 to 30 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. in diameter. often bright purple, strongly tuberculate; tubercles about 6 to 12 mm. long, longer than broad, more or less flattened laterally ; spines 6 to 12, but on old branches sometimes as many as 25, 10 to 15 mm. long, divergent, gray to brown- ish, covered with thin sheaths; glochids yellowish white; flowers 5 to 6 cm. 876 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. broad, purple to pink, yellow, or even white; petals about 10, broad at apex, narrowed at base; ovary tuberculate, bearing small purple leaves and long, white, easily detached bristles; fruit strongly tuberculate, spineless, yellow, glo- bose to broadly oblong, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, with a depressed umbilicus; seeds white, 4 mm. broad, smooth, with a very indistinct marginal band. 22. Opuntia prolifera Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852. Widely distributed in Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego. Stems 1 to 2 meters high, the trunk and old branches terete and woody; terminal joints 3 to 12 em. long, easily breaking off, fleshy, covered with short, more or less turgid tubercles; spines 6 to 12, brown, 10 to 12 mm. long; glochids pale; flowers small; sepals orbicular, obtuse, dark red; petals red; ovary 1 cm. long, strongly tuberculate, the upper areoles bearing 2 to 6 reddish spines, or the joints naked throughout; fruit proliferous, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, often with- out seeds, 23. Opuntia alcahes Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 321. 1895. Baja California. Plants about 1 meter high, much branched, very spiny, especially when old; branches terete; spines on young joints about 12, short, covered with white or very pale sheaths; tubercles prominent, diamond-shaped; sepals small, brownish, closely imbricate, hardly spreading at tips; petals sometimes wanting, if present about 1 cm. long, greenish yellow, obtuse; fruit globular, small, be- coming turgid in age, yellowish, more or less proliferous, the umbilicus trun- cate or slightly depressed. 24. Opuntia burrageana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 70. 1919. Baja California, the type from Pichilinque Island. Usually low and bushy, rarely 1 meter high; stems slender, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, densely spiny; young joints cylindric to narrow-clavate, 15 cm. long or less; areoles closely set; tubercles rather low, not much broader than long; spines numerous, similar, spreading, rarely 2 cm. long, all covered with thin, bright yellow sheaths; wool in areoles short, brown; glochids, when present, short, light yellow; flower 3 to 4 cm. broad; petals few, brownish red with green base; ovary very spiny; fruit not proliferous, globular, 2 em. in di- ameter, somewhat tuberculate, probably dry; seeds pale, 4 mm. in diameter. 25. Opuntia invicta T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 163. 1889. Central Baja California; type from San Juanico. Plants usually growing in large clusters 2 meters in diameter and 20 to 50 em. high, with many ascending or spreading branches; joints obovoid to clavate, dark green, 8 to 10 cm. long, strongly tuberculate; tubercles large, flattened laterally, 3 to 4 cm. long; areoles large, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter; spines very formidable, when young reddish or purple with carmine-red bases, chestnut-brown at tips and grayish between, in age dull; radial spines 6 to 10; central spines 10 to 12, much stouter than the radials, strongly flattened, the wool white; glochids few, white, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers yellow, 5 cm. in diameter; sepals ovate, acuminate; ovary 2 cm. in di- ameter, almost hidden by the numerous reddish acicular spines; seeds yel- lowish, 2 mm. broad. 26. Opuntia stanlyi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. 1848. Opuntia emoryi Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 303. 1856. Opuntia kunzei Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 505. 1908. Northern Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 877 Stems low, usually less than 30 cm. high, much branched, creeping, form- {ng broad impenetrable masses 2 to 8 meters in diameter; joints 10 to 15 cm. long, clavate, more or less curved, strongly tuberculate; tubercles 3 to 4 em. long, flattened laterally, 4 to 6 cm. apart; spines numerous, stout, elongate, somewhat roughened, reddish brown, the larger ones strongly flat- tened, 3.5 to 6 em. long; flowers yellow, 5 to 6 em. broad; fruit ovate, clavate at base, yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long, very spiny, with a depressed um: bilicus ; seeds flattened, 4.5 to 6.5 mm. in diameter. 27. Opuntia schottii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856. Northern Mexico. Texas. Prostrate, rooting from the areoles, forming dense clusters sometimes 2 or 3 meters in diameter; joints clavate, curved, ascending, easily breaking off, 6 to 7 em. long, 2 cm. in diameter at thickest part, strongly tuberculate; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; spines white and sheathed when young, soon brown, the larger ones sometimes aS many as 12, very slender, sometimes 6 cm. long, somewhat flattened; wool white when young, turning brown; glochids white when young, turning brown, 4 mm. long or less; flowers yellow, 4 cm. long (including ovary); sepals narrow, acuminate; petals acuminate; fruit yellow, narrowly oblong, a little narrowed at base, 4 cm. long, closely set with areoles bearing numerous short spines, bristles, and white wool, the umbilicus depressed ; seeds yellow, flattened, 4 mm. in diameter, notched at base. 28. Opuntia vilis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909. Zacatecas, Low, creeping, often forming mats several meters in diameter and only 10 to 15 em. high; joints prostrate, becoming erect or ascending, the ultimate verti- cal ones clavate, 5 cm. long, the others 2 to 4 cm. long, very turgid, pale green, with low tubercles; young areoles bearing white wool; radial spines upward of 12, the number increasing with age by the addition of very small whitish ones; central spines on prostrate joints 4, reddish, white-tipped, 1 to 4 cm. long, terete, slightly scabrous, with a sheath 5 mm. long, those of clavate joints white, reddish on the upper surface at base; flower 4 cm. long; petals brilliant purplish, 2 cm. long; fruit pale green, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, tuberculate, especially about the margin of the umbilicus, spiny, some- what dry, with large white seeds. 29. Opuntia bulbispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856. Coahuila and Durango; type from Perros Bravos, north of Saltillo. Stems low, forming wide-spreading clumps 0.6 to 1.2 meters broad; joints ovoid, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, 6 to 8 mm, long; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, 3 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4, much stouter than the radials, 8-to 12 mm. long, bulbose at base; flower and fruit unknown. 30. Opuntia grahamii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856. Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico; type from El Paso. Roots at first thick and fleshy, becoming woody, 2 cm. thick or more; plants low, much branched, spreading, forming low mounds often half buried in sand, sometimes giving off roots at the areoles; terminal joints erect, clavate, bright green, 3 to 5 cm. long, with large oblong tubercles; areoles about 3 mm. broad; wool white; spines 8 to 15, slender, slightly scabrous, terete or some of the larger ones slightly compressed, white when young, soon reddish, the longest 3.5 79688—24—-3 878 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. to 6 cm. long; glochids numerous, slender, 4 mm. long or less, white, turning brown, persistent on the old stems; flowers yellow, 5 cm. broad; fruit oblong to ovoid, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, its numerous areoles bearing white glochids and some slender spines; seeds beakless, 5 to 5.56 mm. in diameter. 31. Opuntia pumila Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 521. 1908. Central and southern Mexico; type from Oaxaca. Stems low, very much branched, the joints readily falling off when touched, 6 to 20 cm. long, velvety-pubescent, terete or sometimes slightly flattened, tur- gid, bearing more or less prominent tubercles; areoles small, those of old stems bearing several slender spines, the longer ones 3 em. long; areoles of young joints usually bearing 2 yellowish spines; ovary pubescent, with few spines or none; petals yellow, tinged with red, 15 mm. long; fruit globular, red, 15 mm. long. “Cardo,” “nopal cardoso” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ vixivixio” (Zapotec, Reko). 832. Opuntia pubescens Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 149. 1837. Opuntia angusta Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 1: 30. 1858. Opuntia leptarthra Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 393. 1904. Widely distributed in Mexico. Guatemala. Plants small, usually low, sometimes 40 cm. high, much branched; joints easily becoming detached, nearly terete, glabrous or pubescent, 3 to 7 em. long; spines numerous, short, brownish; flowers lemon-yellow but drying red; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long, red, a little spiny, with depressed umbilicus; seeds 3 mm. in diameter. 33. Opuntia decumbens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834. Opuntia puberula Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 156. 1837. Southern Mexico. Guatemala. Stems low, often creeping or trailing, rarely over 40 cm. high; joints 10 to 20 cm. long, oval to oblong, covered with a short soft pubescence; areoles usu- ally small, surrounded by a purple blotch, bearing yellow glochids and wool, the wool cobweb-like on very young joints; spines often wanting, usually soli- tary but sometimes numerous, slender or rather stout, 4 cm. long, yellow; flowers numerous, small, including the ovary about 4 cm. long; petals dark yellow; fruit deep purple, very juicy; seeds about 4 mm. broad. 34, Opuntia depressa Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 517. 1908. Southern Mexico; type from Tehuacfn. Low, creeping or spreading plant, sometimes 60 cm. high and forming : patch 3 to 4 meters in diameter; joints dark glossy yellowish green, pubescent when young, obovate, 20 cm. long, usually with 1 long, somewhat curved spine at each areole, sometimes with 1 to 3 shorter ones, all yellowish; old joints oblong, 30 cm. long, bearing 4 to 6 spines at each areole; flowers red; fruit small, globular, with large clusters of brown glochids, when immature with a broad deep umbilicus, 85. Opuntia lubrica Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 169. 1910. Type from Alonzo. Plants low, ascending-spreading, frequently 45 em. high; joints subcircular to obovate, 15 to 20 cm. long, glossy, bright green, papillate but scarcely pubescent; areoles 15 to 22 mm. apart, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter; spines very variable, nearly absent or abundant, usually 1 to 3, mostly about 12 mm. long but sometimes 2.5 cm., yellowish, sometimes darker at base; fruit light red, acid; seeds thin-shelled, about 3 mm. in diameter. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 879 36. Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 298. 1856. Northern Sonora. Southwestern United States. Stems low, growing in clumps, either prostrate or erect, sometimes 1.2 meters high; joints broadly obovate, 8 to 20 cm. long, slightly pubescent or glabrous, usually highly colored; areoles numerous, filled with white to brown wool and brownish glochids; spines none or rarely a few at upper areoles; flowers 6 to 8 em. long, deep purple or sometimes white; fruit dry, globular to obovoid ; seeds thick, 6 to 10 mm. broad. The young fruit was eaten by the Coahuilla Indians of California after having been cooked for about 12 hours in a pit lined with hot stones. The Panamint Indians gathered the young joints in May and June, brushed off the spines with bunches of grass, and dried them in the sun. The dried joints were later boiled with salt and eaten. The tender joints were also cooked in pits lined with stones, and were eaten immediately or dried and stored for use in winter. 37. Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 154, 1837. Cactus microdasys Lehm, Ind. Sem. Hamb, 16. 1827. Opuntia pulvinata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 119. 1828. Northern Mexico. Often low and creeping but sometimes nearly erect and 40 to 60 cm. high ; joints oblong to orbicular, 10 to 15 cm. long, soft-velvety, usually pale green, spineless; areoles conspicuous, closely set, filled with numerous yellow or brown glochids; flowers usually produced in abundance, 4 to 5 cm. long, pure yellow, or tinged with red; petals broad, retuse; fruit dark red, juicy, nearly globular; seeds 2 to 3 mm. broad. “Cegador” (Zacatecas) ; “nopal cegador” (Durango) ; “nopalillo cegador” (Nuevo Leén). The name “cegador” (“blinding”) is given because of the fact that the very numerous glochids get into the eyes of pasturing animals and sometimes cause blindness. 38. Opuntia macrocalyx Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 268. 1908. Described from cultivated plants; perhaps in Coahuila. Plants ascending or erect, about 1 meter high; joints long-obovate, com- monly about 22 cm. long, gray-green, pubescent ; areoles 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, 1 cm. apart; wool tawny; glochids reddish brown, 1 mm. long; spines none; flowers yellow; fruit red, the pulp greenish, long-obovoid to cylindric, about 7 cm. long; seeds few, 3 mm. in diameter. 39. Opuntia rufida Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 298. 1856. Northern Mexico. Texas. More or less erect, 20 to 150 em. high, with a somewhat definite trunk; joints nearly orbicular, 6 to 25 em. in diameter, thickish, velvety-tomentose, dull grayish green; areoles large, filled with numerous brown glochids; flowers yellow to orange, 4 to 5 em. long (including the ovary); petals obovate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; ovary globular, 1.5 cm. in diameter, umbilicate, with large areoles; fruit bright red. “ Nopal cegador ” (Ochoterena). 40. Opuntia pycnantha Engelm. ; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Often low and creeping but sometimes forming a clump 20 cm. high; joints oblong to orbicular, often 20 cm. long, puberulent or papillose, usually nearly hidden by the thick mass of spines; areoles large and closely set, the upper part filled with yellow or brown glochids and the lower part with 8 to 12 yellow or brown, reflexed spines 2 to 3 em. long; fruit 4 cm. long, very spiny; seeds 2 cm. broad, very thick. 880 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 41. Opuntia comonduensis (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 519. 1908. Opuntia angustata comonduensis Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 425. 1896. Baja California; type from Comondd. Low spreading plants, sometimes 20 cm. high and forming broad clumps; joints obovate to orbicular, 12 to 15 cm. long, softly pubescent; areoles large, filled with brown wool and yellow glochids; lower areoles spineless, the upper ones bearing 1 or 2, rarely 3, or on old stems as many as 10, slender spines, 3 to 5 em. long or longer, yellow; flowers (including ovary) 6 cm. long, yellow; fruit purple, 4 cm. long, spineless; seeds 4 to 4.5 mm. broad, thick. 42, Opuntia megarhiza Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906. San Luis Potos{; type from Alvarez. Roots long and thickened, sometimes 30 to 60 cm. long and 5 to 6 ecm. in diameter; stems 20 to 30 cm. high, much branched; lower joints elongate, 20 to 30 em. long, cuneate below, thin, 3 cm. broad; lateral joints appearing along the margins of the older joints and often, if not always, in the same plane; spines 2 to 4, acicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long, brown; flowers lemon-yellow, often tinged with rose, 5 cm. broad; petals about 13, obovate, mucronately tipped; ovary clavate, 3 em. long. Palmer reports that the fleshy roots are applied as poultices for the re- duction of fractures and inflammation. 43. Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 236. 1850. Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico. Low spreading plant, 30 cm. high or less, from thickened tuberous roots 2 to 8 cm. in diameter, these sometimes moniliform; joints broadly obovate, 3.5 to 12 cm. long, pale green to bluish; areoles few, either small or large; spines confined to the upper and marginal areoles, 1 or 2, slender, 2 to 4 cm. long, usually white but sometimes purpiish; glochids yellow, usually few but some- times abundant; flowers 6 to 7 cm. broad, deep purple; ovary slender, 3 to 3.5 em. long, with only a few scattered areoles; fruit spineless. 44. Opuntia setispina Engelm.; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 239. 1850. Chihuahua; type from mountains west of Chihuahua. Stems branching and spreading, sometimes forming clumps a meter broad, erect and 60 cm. high; joints deep bluish green, somewhat glaucous, often purplish at the areoles, obovate to orbicular, 5 to 15 cm. in diameter; spines 1 to 6 from an areole, white, 2 to 3 em. long; glochids yellow, very conspicuous on old joints; flowers yellow; fruit purplish, about 4 cm. long. 45. Opuntia tenuispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. 3: 294. 1856. Opuntia minor C. Muell. Ann. Bot. Syst. Walp. 5: 50, 1858, Northern Mexico. Western Texas to Arizona; type from El Paso. Low and spreading but becoming 30 em. high; joints obovate, attenuate at base, 7 to 15 em. long, light green; spines 1 to 3 from an areole, slender, usu- ally white but sometimes brownish, 3 to 5 cm. long, the upper spines erect or spreading; glochids brown; flowers yellow, 6 to 7.5 cm. broad; ovary with numerous areoles filled with brown wool and brown glochids; fruit oblong, 2.5 to 4 cm. long; seeds 4 mm. broad or less, very irregular. 46. Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 3: 292. 1856. Chihuahua. Arizona to western Texas. Somewhat bushy, with ascending branches, 60 to 90 em. high; joints orbicular to oblong, or sometimes broader than long, 10 to 20 cm. long, often bluish or STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 881 purplish, sometimes spineless but usually bearing spines at the uppermost areoles; spines 1 or 2, rarely 3, usually brownish or black but sometimes white above, slender, erect or porrect, 4 to 7 cm. long; flowers yellow, often drying red, 7.5 cm. broad; sepals ovate, acuminate; ovary with few areoles, these bearing brown glochids; fruit 3 to 6 em. long, purple; seeds 4 to 4.5 mm. broad. 47. Opuntia gosseliniana Weber, Bull. Soc. Acclim. France 49: 83. 1902. Sonora and Baja California. One meter high or more, branching from the base, the old trunk often bear- ing numerous long acicular spines; joints mostly red or purplish, usually very thin, as broad as long or broader, sometimes 20 cm. broad; lower and sometimes all the areoles without spines; spines porrect or nearly so, generally 1, some- times 2, rarely 3 from an areole, 4 to 5 or even 10 cm. long, brown, usually weak; glochids brown, numerous, forming on old joints very large clusters ; fruit 4 cm. long, without spines but bearing numerous brown glochids at the areoles, with a depressed umbilicus. 48. Opuntia azurea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909. Zacatecas and probably Durango. Compact, upright with a single trunk or branching from the base and more or less spreading; joints orbicular to obovate, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, pale bluish green, glaucous; areoles about 2 cm. apart, the lower ones spineless, the upper ones with 1 to 3 rather stout spines; spines, at least when old, almost black, unequal, the longer ones 2 to 3 cm. long, more or less reflexed ; glochids numerous, brown; petals 3 cm. long, deep yellow, with crimson claw, but in age pink throughout; fruit dull crimson, subglobose to ovoid, spineless, truncate, juicy, edible. “ Coyotillo,” “ nopalillo,” “ nopal coyotillo” (Patoni). 49. Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. 4: 52. 1849. Opuntia chihuahuensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909. Chihuahua. Arizona to western Texas; type from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Low, usually prostrate, with some branches ascending; joints usually longer than broad, 10 to 15 cm. long; areoles rather remote, the lower ones often spineless; spines 1 to 4, those on the sides of the joints more or less reflexed, somewhat flattened, usually rather stout, brown, sometimes darker at base, often nearly white throughout, the longer ones 5 to 6 cm. long; glochids numerous, yellow to brown; flowers 5 ecm. broad, yellow; ovary short; fruit 3 to 3.5 em. long, much contracted at base. 50. Opuntia occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 291. 1856. Northern Baja California and on the adjacent islands. Southern California. Erect or spreading, often 1 meter high or more, forming large thickets; joints obovate to oblong, 20 to 30 cm. long; areoles remote; spines 2 to 7, stout, un- equal, the longest 4 to 5 cm. long, more or less flattened, brown or nearly white, sometimes wanting; shorter spines often white; glochids often prominent, brown; flowers yellow, often 10 to 11 cm. long; fruit large, purple. 51. Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. 1850. Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora; type from Chihuahua. Texas to Arizona. Originally described as erect and up to 2 meters high but more properly a widely spreading bush, usually without a definite trunk; joints oblong to orbic- ular, 20 to 30 em. long, thick, pale green; areoles distant, becoming large and bulging; spines usually more or less white, with dark red or brownish bases end sometimes with black tips, usually 3 or 4, sometimes only 1, or entirely wanting from the lower areoles, but on old joints 10 or more, usually somewhat 882 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. porrect or a little spreading, but never reflexed, the larger ones much flattened, the longest 5 cm. long; glochids numerous, brown with yellowish tips; flowers large, yellow; fruit 3.5 to 4 cm. long, red; seeds 3 to 4 mm. broad. 52. Opuntia discata Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 266. 1908. Northern Sonora. Arizona, the type from the Santa Rita Mountains. Plants bushy, spreading, sometimes 1.5 meters high; joints thick, orbicular to broadly obovate, 25 em. in diameter or less, pale bluish green, somewhat glaucous; areoles rather few, distant, in age becoming very large, filled with short brown wool; spines usually 2 to 4, sometimes 7 or more in old areoles, 2 cm, long or more, grayish with dark bases, somewhat flattened; flowers 9 to 10 em. broad, light yellow, darker near the center; fruit magenta, pyriform, 6 to 7 cm. long. 53. Opuntia rastrera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 896. 1898. Opuntia lucens Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 269. 1908. San Luis Potosf. Creeping plant; joints circular to obovate, the largest 20 em. in diameter ; spines white, several from an areole, the longest 4 cm. long; glochids yellow; flowers yellow; fruit purple, acid, oboyoid. “ Cuija.” 54. Opuntia fuliginosa Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 262. 1908. Jalisco; type from Guadalajara. Tall, treelike, 4 meters high or more, much branched; joints orbicular to oblong, 30 cm. long or less, shining; areoles distant; spines few, rarely as many as 6, dull brown or horn-colored, the longest 4 cm. long, slightly twisted ; glochids yellow to brown; flowers at first yellow but in age red, 5 to 6 em. Jong (including the ovary) ; fruit pyriform to short-oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, red; seeds 5 mm. broad. 55. Opuntia scheeri Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 895. 1898. Mexico. About 1 meter high, branching at base, the lower branches sprawling over the ground; joints oblong to orbicular, 15 to 30 em. long, bluish green; areoles circular, elevated, filled with short brown Wool; spines 10 to 12, yellow, acicular, each surrounded by a row of long, white or yellow hairs: flowers large, pale yellow, in age salmon-colored ; fruit globular, red, juicy, truncate; seeds 4 mm. broad, with a broad irregular margin. 56. Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856. Sonora and Baja California. New Mexico to California. Erect-bushy, sometimes 2 meters high or more, with a definite trunk; main branches nearly erect; joints ovate to orbicular, sometimes broader than long, 15 to 20 cm. long, more or less glaucous, bluish green; areoles closely set, prominent; spines yellow, several, most of them usually appressed and reflexed, setaceous, 3 to 4 em. long; glochids yellow, numerous, elongate, persistent; flowers yellow, 6 to 7.5 cm. broad; fruit purple without, green within, 4 cm. long; seeds small. 57. Opuntia dillenii (Gawler) Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suee. 79. 1819. Cactus dillenii Gawler in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 8: pl. 255. 1818. Eastern coast of Mexico. West Indies and southeastern United States. Low spreading bushes growing in broad clumps and often forming dense thickets, or tall and much branched, 2 to 3 meters high, sometimes with definite terete trunks; joints obovate to oblong, 7 to 40 em. long, bluish green, some- what glaucous, but bright green when young, the areoles somewhat elevated ; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 883 areoles otten large, filled with short brown or white wool when young, usually few and remote, on old joints 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; spines often 10 from an areole on first-year joints, very variable, usually more or less flattened and curved, sometimes terete and straight, yellow, more or less brown-banded or mottled, often brownish in age, sometimes 7 cm. long but usually shorter, sometimes few or none; glochids numerous, yellow ; wool in areoles short, sometimes brown, sometimes white; flowers in the typical form lemon-yellow, in some forms red from the first, 7 to 8 cm. long; fruit pear-shaped to subglobose, narrowed at base, 5 to 7.5 em. long, purplish, spineless, juicy. 58. Opuntia tapona Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896. Baja California; type collected near Loreto. Low spreading plants, rarely over 60 em. high; joints glabrous, orbicular to obovate, 20 to 25 cm. in diameter, turgid, pale green; spines 2 to 4, yellow, one much longer, 5 to 7 cm. long, slender, porrect or sometimes curved down- ward; glochids brownish ; fruit 4 to 6 em. long, clavate, dark purple without, red within, spineless. “Tuna tapona.” 59. Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. 1850. Opuntia squarrosa Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Club 43: 91. 1916. ; Tamaulipas. Texas and Louisiana ; type from New Braunfels, Texas. Usually erect, 2 to 4 meters high, with a more or less definite trunk, but at times much lower and spreading; joints green or bluish green, somewhat glau- cous, orbicular to obovate, up to 25 cm. long; areoles distant, often 6 cm. apart; spines usually 1 to 6, often only 2, one porrect and 4 cm. long or more, the others somewhat shorter and only slightly spreading, pale yellow to nearly white, sometimes brownish or blackish at base, or some plants spineless; glo- chids yellow or sometimes brownish; petals yellow to dark red; fruit purple, pyriform to oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long. “Nopal,” “nopal azul,” “cacanapa ” (Texas). 60. Opuntia cantabrigiensis Lynch, Gard. Chron. III. 33: 98. 1903. Opuntia engelmanii cuija Griffiths & Hare, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 60: 44, 1906. Opuntia cuija Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 529. 1908. San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Hidalgo. Rounded bushy plant, 1 to 2 meters high ; joints orbicular to obovate, 12 to 20 em. long, rather pale bluish green, areoles remote, large, filled with brown wool; spines usually 3 to 6 but sometimes more, somewhat spreading, acicular, yellow with brown or reddish bases, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; glochids numerous, 1 cm. long or more, yellowish, not forming a brush; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long, yellowish with reddish center; upper areoles on the ovary bearing long bristles; fruit globular, about 4 cm. in diameter, purple; seeds numerous, 4 mm. in diameter. “Cuija” (San Luis Potosf). 61. Opuntia pyriformis Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 12: 292. 1909. Zacatecas, the type from Hacienda de Cedros. Plants 3 to 5 meters high, with widely spreading branches, the lower ones almost resting on the ground and 3 to 5 meters long; joints obovate, thick, 18 cm. long or more; areoles closely set, small; spines 1 or 2, on old joints more, usually reflexed, slender, weak, yellow, 10 to 22 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit 4 cm. long, somewhat tuberculate, spineless, its large areoles crowded with brown hairs forming hemispheric cushions. When . 884 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 62. Opuntia durangensis Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 518. 1908. Durango. Joints broadly obovate, about 20 em. long, 16 em. broad, pale green, glabrous or minutely puberulent, bearing numerous areoles, these 1 to 2 em. apart, elevated; spines 3 to 5 at an areole, short, 1.5 em. long or less, pungent, Spreading, yellow but in age becoming darker; glochids brown, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, 5 em. long; petals broad, apiculate; ovary 3 to 4 ecm. long, finely pubescent, bearing many areoles with numerous glochids and a few spines; fruit white or red; seeds about 3 mm. broad. 63. Opuntia atropes Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 518. 1908. Morelos, the type from Yautepec. Plants 1 to 83 meters high, much branched; joints oblong to obovate, 20 to 30 cm. long, deep sreen, softly pubescent; young joints somewhat glossy ; areoles circular, filled with short tawny wool; young spines white or yellowish ; old spines 3 to 6 cm. long, somewhat angled, standing almost at right angles to the joints, dark yellow or brown at the base, much lighter and often white above; glochids numerous, long, yellow; petals reddish; ovary pubescent, covered with large cushion-like areoles bearing long glochids near the top but with few spines or none, truncate at apex. 64. Opuntia affinis Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 27. 1914, Oaxaca. Arborescent, sometimes 2 meters high or more; joints obovate, 85 em. long, broadly rounded above and gradually narrowed below, densely silky; areoles obovate, 3 mm. long, 3 em. apart; glochids light straw-colored, 3 mm. long; spines 1 to 5 in the upper areoles, straw-colored, becoming white, the longest 3 cm. long, divergent, flattened, angular, twisted; flowers dull dark red in bud, about 3 cm. in diameter ; petals 2 to 2.5 em. long; ovary subglobose, deeply pitted, 15 to 17 mm. in diameter, with small brown areoles 4 mm. apart; fruit subglobose, small, red. 65. Opuntia macdougaliana Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 516. 1908. Opuntia micrarthra Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 130. 1913. Southern Mexico, the type from Tehuacfin, Puebla. Plants about 4 meters high, with a distinct cylindric trunk branching from near the base; joints oblong, 30 em. long by 8 to 10 cm. broad, softly pubescent ; areoles distinct, small; spines generally 4, one much longer (2.5 to 4 cm. long), somewhat flattened, yellowish, becoming whitish in age; glochids short, nu- merous, yellow; fruit globular to oblong, 5 cm. long, the surface divided into diamond-shaped plates, red, with a broad deep cup at apex, the numerous small rounded areoles filled with clumps of yellow glochids, very rarely with one or two spines, 66. Opuntia velutina Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 389. 1904. Opuntia nelsonii Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 516. 1908. Southern Mexico; type from Guerrero, Stems 1 to 4 meters high; joints flattened, oblong to obovate, 15 to 20 em. long, 10 to 15 cm. broad near the top, pubescent, pale, yellowish green in herbarium specimens; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines 2 to 6, yellow, becom- ing white in age, very unequal, the longer ones $ to 4 cm. long; bristles many, yellow, becoming brownish; flowers rather small; petals yellow, 1 to 8 ecm. long; ovary pubescent, bearing many yellowish brown bristles; filaments red; fruit “dark red.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 885 67. Opuntia wilcoxii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 172.1919. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Fuerte, Sinaloa. Tall, bushy, 1 to 2 meters high, very much branched; joints oblong, thinnish, 20 cm. long, dark green, more or less purplish about the large areoles, finely puberulent; glochids numerous, long, yellow; spines 1 to 3, one very long (5 to 6 cm.), porrect, white or somewhat yellowish; flowers 6 cm. long, yellow ; ovary bearing a few large areoles, these filled with brown wool and yellow glochids; fruit pubescent, 4 cm. long. 68. Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck, Obs. Bot. 3: 8. 1822. Cactus tomentosus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 24, 1822. Opuntia oblongata Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 161. 1837. : Opuntia icterica Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 138. 1913. Central Mexico; escaped from cultivation in Australia. Becoming 3 to 6 meters high or more, with a broad top and a smooth trunk 10 to 30 cm. in diameter; joints oblong to narrowly obovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, velvety-pubescent, somewhat tuberculate when young; glochids yellow; spines usually wanting but sometimes 1 or more; flowers orange, 4 to 5 cm. long; fruit ovoid, red, sweetish; seeds 4 mm. broad. 69. Opuntia guilanchi Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 265. 1908. Zacatecas. Becoming 1.5 to 2 meters high, often with a distinct trunk 1.5 to 2.5 cm. in diameter; joints broadly obovate, 14 to 16 cm. wide, 20 to 24 cm. long, minutely pubescent; spines at first white, slightly flattened, the longest 2 cm. long; glochids light yellow; fruit subglobose, 4 cm. in diameter, pubescent, variously colored, aromatic. “ Nopal guilanchi.” 70. Opuntia leucotricha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 119. 1828. Opuntia fulvispina Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 164. 1837. Central Mexico. Often 3 to 5 meters high, with a large top; trunk as well as the older joints covered with long white bristles ; joints oblong to orbicular, 1 to 2 cm. long, pubescent; areoles closely set, the upper part filled with yellow glochids, the lower part at first with only 1 to 3 weak white spines; flowers (including ovary) 4 to 5 cm. long; petals yellow, broad; ovary with numerous areoles, the upper ones bearing long pristly glochids (1 cm. long) ; fruit variable, 4 to 6 cm. long, white or red, the rind not easily coming off from the pulp, aromatic, edible. “Nopal duraznillo” (Durango) ; “tuna duraznillo” (Zacatecas); “ duraz- nillo,” ‘“ duraznillo blanco,” “ duraznillo colorado.” The following are probably synonymous with this species: Opuntia leucosticta Wendl. (Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 167. 1887) ; O. leucacantha Link & Otto (Salm- Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 362. 1834). 71. Opuntia orbiculata Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 156. 1837. Opuntia crinifera Salm-Dyck ; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 157. 1837. Opuntia lanigera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 65. 1850. Northern Mexico. Plants without a very definite trunk, about 1 meter high, often broader than high; joints green or bluish green, orbicular to obovate, sometimes spatulate, about 15 em. long; areoles small, in seedlings and young plants producing long white hairs or long-persistent wool; spines acicular, several, yellow; flowers yellow, 79688—24——_4 886 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 72. Opuntia pilifera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 894. 1898. Puebla. Becoming 4 to 5 meters high, with a definite thick woody cylindric trunk and a broad rounded top; joints oblong to orbicular, 10 to 30 em. long, obtuse at apex, pale green; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart, scarcely elevated; spines 2 to 9, white, slightly spreading, acicular, the outer part of the areole filled with nearly white, more or less deciduous hairs 2 to 83 em. long; flowers large, red; areoles on the ovary bearing brown glochids and deciduous hairs, the latter especially abundant toward the top of the ovary; fruit red, juicy. 73. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Opuntia No. 2. 1768. Cactue ficus-indica L. Sp. Pl. 468. 1753. Central Mexico, widely cultivated. Generally planted in tropical regions. Large and bushy or sometimes erect and treelike and then with a definite woody trunk, up to 5 meters high, usually with a large top; joints oblong to spatulate-oblong, usually 30 to 50 cm. long, sometimes even larger; areoles small, usually spineless; glochids yellow, numerous, soon dropping off; flowers normally bright yellow, 7 to 10 em. broad; ovary 5 cm. long; fruit nor- mally red, edible, 5 to 9 cm. long, with a low depressed umbilicus. ‘ Nopal de Castilla,” “tuna de Castilla,” “ nochtli.” 74. Opuntia crassa Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suee. 81. 1819. Widely cultivated in Mexico. Plants 1 to 2 meters high, somewhat branched; joints ovate to oblong, 8 to 12.5 cm. long, thick, bluish green, glaucous; areoles bearing brown wool and brown glochids; spines wanting or sometimes 1 or 2, acicular, 2.5 cm. long or less; flowers and fruit unknown. 75. Opuntia undulata Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 32. 1912. Opuntia undosa Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 189. 1913. Widely cultivated in Mexico; type from Aguascalientes, Plants tall, large, open-branched, with trunk often 30 em. or more in di- ameter; joints very large, obovate, about 55 em. long, glossy light yel- lowish green at first; areoles subcircular to obovate, 4.5 mm. long, 5 to 6 cm. apart; glochids yellow, 1 mm. long; spines white, few, erect, flattened, straight or twisted, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit 9 to 10 cm. long, dull red. 76. Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1834. Opuntia candelabriformis Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 159. 1837. Opuntia oligacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 241. 1850. Mexico. Tall much-branched plant; joints orbicular to oblong, sometimes obovate, 20 to 30 em. long, glabrous, a little glaucous; leaves small, red, 4 to 6 mm. long; areoles on young joints usually small, sometimes longer than broad, the margin at first bordered with cobwebby hairs, afterwards with short white hairs, either spineless or with short white bristle-like spines; areoles on old joints more or less sunken, rather close together; spines on old joints 1 to 8, 1 to 2 cm. long, subulate, bone-colored. 77. Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 160. 1837. Central Mexico. A tall plant, with a more or less definite trunk; joints obovate to oblong, 20 to 30 cm. long; areoles small, 2 to 3 em. apart; spines usually 1 to 3, acicular, white, 2 to 4 cm. long, slightly spreading; glochids numerous, promi- nent, dirty yellow to brown; flowers yellow or deep orange, 6 to 8 cm. broad; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 887 ovary bearing long brown deciduous bristles, especially from the upper areoles. Opuntia chaetocarpa Griffiths’ is perhaps the same species. O. zacuapanensis Berger? is closely related. 78. Opuntia hyptiacantha Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 894. 1898. Opuntia nigrita Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 169. 1910. 20puntia cretochaeta Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 29: 11. 1916. Oaxaca. A tall much-branched plant; joints oblong to obovate, 20 to 30 cm. long, pale green, but when young bright green; spines on young joints single, porrect, and accompanied by 2 or 3, sometimes many, white, slightly pungent hairs; spines on old joints 4 to 6, somewhat spreading or appressed, 1 to 2 em. long; glochids few, brownish; areoles small, 1.5 cm. apart; leaves small, brownish; flowers red; fruit globular, yellowish, its areoles filled with long weak glochids; umbilicus broad, only slightly depressed. Opuntia chavena Griffiths* is perhaps the same species. It is said to be known in Aguascalientes as “nopal cadillo,” “nopal chavefio,” and “ nopal cascar6on.” 79. Opuntia streptacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 62. 1839. San Luis Potosi and elsewhere in central Mexico. Much branched, up to 5 meters high, sometimes with a trunk 45 em. in diam- eter; joints obovate to orbicular, 25 to 30 cm. long, dark green; areoles small, rather close together for this group; spines numerous, spreading or some of them appressed, white; glochids reddish brown, very short; flowers 7 to 9 cm. broad, yellow to orange, the sepals reddish; fruit globular, 5 cm. in diameter, cull red or sometimes yellow within and without. “Tuna eardona,” “ nopal card6n.” This is one of the most important economic Opuntias of Mexico. It has sometimes been reported as O. cardona, a name which has never been properly published. Opuntia pachona Griffiths‘ is closely related and perhaps only a form of this species. 80. Opuntia amyclaea Ten. Fl. Neap. Prodr. App. 5: 15. 1826. Doubtless native of Mexico, but not known in the wild state. Erect; joints oblong to elliptic, 30 to 40 cm. long, about twice -as long as broad, thick, dull green, a little glaucous; areoles small, with 1 or 2 short bristles from the lower parts of areoles; spines 1 to 4, stiff, nearly porrect, usually less than 3 cm. long, white or horn-colored, the stoutest angled; glochids brown, soon disappearing; flowers yellow; fruit yellowish red, not very juicy. 81. Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 363. 1834. Opuntia castillae Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 261. 1908. 7Opuntia incarnadilla Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 27. 1912. Much cultivated in Mexico. Plants tall, 4 to 5 meters high or more, with a more or less definite woody {runk ; joints of large plants obovate to oblong, often oblique, sometimes 40 to 60 em. long or more, pale dull green, slightly glaucous; areoles rather small, on 1Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 25. 1914. 2? Hort. Mortol. 413. 1912. > Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 264. pl. 23. 1908 “Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 21: 168. pl. 22. 1910 888 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. large joints often 4 to 5 em. apart, when young bearing brown wool; spines white, usually 1 to 5, slightly spreading, sometimes nearly porrect, usually only ~ to 3 cm. long, sometimes few and confined to the upper areoles; glochids few, yellow, caducous, sometimes appearing again on old joints; flowers yellow to orange, about 8 em. broad; ovary spiny or spineless, obovoid; fruit 7 to 8 cm. long. “ Nopal de Castilla.” This is the species from which the best edible tunas are obtained. Many of the varieties have local names. Opuntia tribuloides Griffiths’ is a closely related form. 82. Opuntia robusta Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 165. 1837, Opuntia flavicans Lem. Hort. Monv. 61. 1839. Opuntia larreyi Weber ; Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896. Opuntia gorda Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 184. 1913. Central Mexico. Often erect, sometimes 5 meters high, usually much branched; joints orbic- ular to oblong, 20 to 25 em. long, 10 to 12.5 cm. broad, very thick, bluish green, glaucous; spines 8 to 12, stout, very diverse, brown or yellowish at base, white above, up to 5 em. long; flowers 5 em. broad, yellow; fruit globular to ellipsoid, at first more or less tuberculate, deep red, 7 to 9 cm. long. “Tuna tapona,” “tuna camuesa.” Opuntia albicans Salm-Dyck? is said by Berger to be closely related to this species. O. megalarthra Rose,’ known in Zacatecas as “rastrero,” is closely related; also O. cochinera Griffiths,’ which is called “cochinera” in the same state, 83. Opuntia guerrana Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 266. 1908. Hidalgo, the type from Dublén. Plants 90 to 120 em. high, with an open branching top; joints oblong to orbicular, 15 to 25 em. long, thick, glaucous; areoles 5 mm. in diameter, filled with tawny wool; spines white to yellow, 1 to 6, flattened, twisted; petals yellow; fruit globose, greenish white, 4 to 5 em. in diameter. “ Nopal tap6n.” 84. Opuntia stenopetala Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 3: 289. 1856. Coahuila to Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from Buena Vista, Coahuila. Low bushy plant, often forming thickets, the main branches procumbent and resting on the edges of the joints; joints obovate to orbicular, 10 to 20 em. long, grayish green, but often more or less purplish, very spiny; areoles often remote, 1 to 3 cm. apart, the lower ones often without spines, bearing white wool when young; spines usually reddish brown to black, but sometimes be- coming pale, usually 2 to 4, the longest 5 em. long, the larger ones somewhat flattened; glochids very abundant on young joints, brown; flowers dioecious, including the ovary only 3 em. long; petals orange-red, very narrow, 10 to 12 mm. long, with long acuminate tips; ovary leafy, the upper leaves similar to the sepals; fruit globular, 3 cm. in diameter, acid, naked or spiny; seeds smooth, 3 mm. in diameter, with broad rounded margins, “ Nopal lasar6n” (San Luis Potosf) ; ‘ nopal colorado ” (Zacatecas). * Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 187. 1913. * Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834. * Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 529. 1908. “Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 263. pl. 26. 1908. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 889 85. Opuntia glaucescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 362. 1834. Mexico. Probably erect; joints erect, oblong-obovate, 12 to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, sometimes narrowed at both ends, pale green, glaucous, usually purplish around the areoles; areoles filled with gray wool; spines 1 to 4, elongate, acicular, white, 2.5 cm. long; glochids brownish to rose-colored. 86. Opuntia grandis Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 155. 1837. Mexico, but localities not known. More or less erect, 60 cm. high or more; joints oblong, 12 to 18 cm. long, erect, when young reddish, glaucous; spines few, white; flowers small, a little open, 2 cm. broad; petals few, narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm. long. 87. Opuntia chaffeyi Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 241. 1913. Zacatecas, the type from Hacienda de Cedros, near Mazapil. Perennial by a large fleshy deep-seated root or rootstock often 35 cm. long by 4 cm. in diameter; stems normally annual, 5 to 15 cm. long, much branched, often weak and prostrate; joints elongate, 3 to 5 em. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad, slightly flattened, glabrous, pale bluish green or some- times purplish; areoles small, circular, with white wool in the lower parts and brown wool in the upper parts; spines 1, rarely 2 or 38, acicular, 2 to 3 cm. long, whitish or pale yellow; glochids numerous, pale yellow; flower 6 cm. broad; petals 7 to 9, pale lemon-yellow, but slightly pinkish on the out- side; ovary deeply umbilicate, somewhat club-shaped, 4 to 5 cm. long, bear- ing flattened tubercles and large areoles filled with white wool; upper areoles on ovary bearing also white bristly spines; ovules numerous, borne in the upper third of the ovary. 5, GRUSONIA F. Reichenb.; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896. A single species is known. 1. Grusonia bradtiana (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 215. 1919. Cereus bradtianus Coulter, Contr, U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 406. 1896. Grusonia cereiformis F. Reichenb.; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896. Opuntia bradtiana K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 121. 1897. Coahuila. Forming dense, often impenetrable thickets 2 meters high or less, very spiny ; stems light green, 4 to 7 cm. thick, with 8 to 10 low, longitudinal, some- what tuberculate ribs; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter; leaves linear, fleshy, green, 8 mm. long, early deciduous; spines 15 to 25, yellowish brown when young, soon becoming white, acicular, terete or slightly compressed, 1 to 3 cm. long, not sheathed, some of the longer ones reflexed ; wool white, turning brown, early disappearing; corolla rotate, opening in bright sunlight, 3 to 4 cm. proad; sepals ovate, acute, fleshy; petals bright yellow, spatulate, fringed ; filaments brownish yellow; areoles of the ovary with long weak yellow spines, white wool, and yellow glochids; berry (accord- ing to Schumann) ellipsoid, deeply umbilicate. “Organillo” (Patoni). 6. CEPHALOCEREUS Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1838. Elongate cacti, various in habit, mostly columnar and erect, sometimes much branched with a short trunk or in one species with spreading and procumbent branches; in some species the flowering areoles develop an abundance of wool which confluently forms a dense mass called a pseudocephalium either at the top or on one side near the top; in others long wool or hairs grow from the 890 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, areoles but a pseudocephalium is not formed; in others the flowers are pro- duced in a circle at the top and the bristles and fruit afterwards form a collar at the base of the new growth; in other species neither wool nor hairs are produced in the flowering areoles: flowers nocturnal, short-campanulate to short-funnelform or pyriform, straight or curved; perianth persisting on the ripening fruit, except in one species; fruit usually depressed-globose, some- times oblong; seeds black, smooth or tuberculate. Numerous additional species occur in tropical and subtropical America. Flowering areoles confluent, forming a pseudocephalium. Pseudocephalium lateral. Plant cylindric, the top rounded; bristles of the pseudocephalium twice as long as the wool_-------.----- 1. C. senilis, Plant tapering to the apex; bristles of the pseudocephalium little longer than the wool.____-------eee 2. C. hoppenstedtii. Pseudocephalium terminal.__.-------- 3. C. macrocephalus, Flowering areoles not confluent, not forming a pseudocephalium. Ribs 15 to 18; flowers red_-__--__-.- 4. C. polylophus. Ribs 4 to 18; flowers mostly whitish to purplish. Flowering areoles without wool or wool very short______ 5. C. scoparius. Flowering areoles definitely long-woolly. Ribs only 5 to 6 mm. high_------- oe 13. C. purpusii. Ribs 8 mm. high or higher. Plants light or dark green_-_.-_..-§- a gaumeri. Plants, at least young joints, blue or bluish green, glaucous. Young spines yellow____--_--.-__. 7. C. chrysacanthus. Young spines brown or nearly black. Ribs 9 to 12. Wool short, 2 cm. long_----- 8. C. cometes. Wool 10 em. long--_-------- 9. C. leucocephalus. Ribs 7 to 9. Flowers rose-red___-------- 10. C. sartorianus. Flowers brown__-_---------- 11. C. palmeri. 1. Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1838. Cactus senilis Haw. Phil. Mag. 63: 31. 1824, Cactus bradypus Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 17. 1826. Cereus senilis DC. Prodr. 3: 464, 1828. Pilocereus senilis Lem, Cact. Hort. Monv. 7. 1839. Echinocactus staplesiae Tate; Loud. Gard. Mag. 16: 27. 1840. Hidalgo and Guanajuato. Plants 6 to 10 or even 15 meters high, columnar, simple or rarely branched above, sometimes branched at base; ribs numerous; pseudocephalium develop- ing on plants when 6 meters high, broadening above, rarely confined to one side but usually encircling the top of the plant; areoles closely set, the ones at base of old plants producing weak gray bristles 20 to 30 cm. long, the ones in the pseudocephalium producing similar but shorter bristles in- termixed with dense, tawny wool, 4 to 6 em. long; flower ( including ovary) 5 em. long, rose-colored ; scales few on the tube; fruit obovoid, 2.5 to 3 em. long, rose-colored, capped by the chartaceous base of the flower, bearing a few minute scales with hairs in their axils. “ Cabeza de viejo,” “ viejo,” “ viejito.” This is one of the cacti most cultivated ‘in northern hothouses, where it is known as “old man cactus.” The young plants are densely covered with long white hairs. The species is very abundant on the limestone hills of eastern Hidalgo, where it is often the most conspicuous plant. S'TANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 891 2. Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii (Weber) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, 3°: 181. 1894. Pilocereus hoppenstedtiit Weber, Cat. Pfersdorff. 1864. Pilocereus hagendorpi Regel, Gartenflora 18: 220. 1869. Pilocereus lateralis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 966. 1898. Cereus hoppenstedtii Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 70. 1905. Southern Mexico, the type from Zapotitlin, Puebla. Slender, columnar, said sometimes to reach 10 meters in height, often bent or clambering, the apex tapering; ribs low, close together, 20 or more, the whole plant hidden under the numerous spines; areoles close together ; radial spines 14 to 18, very short, white; central spines 5 to 8, the longest one sometimes 7.5 cm. long, usually reflexed, brownish; pseudocephalium at the top of the plant but to one side (said to be on the north side) ; flower described as 7.5 cm. long, whitish, with rosy tips, bell-shaped. 3. Cephalocereus macrocephalus Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 197. 1897. Cereus macrocephalus Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 62. 1905. Puebla, the type from Tehuacan. Plant of great size, 10 to 16 meters high, with a very solid woody trunk 30 to 60 cm. in diameter, simple or with a few ascending branches; pseudocepha- lium not so conspicuous as in Cephalocereus senilis; ribs numerous (about 24), low, obtuse, pale green ; radial spines about 12, spreading ; central spines several, sometimes 6 cm. long; flowering areoles spineless but bearing white stiff hairs or weak bristles; perianth about 5 cm. long, the tube bearing a few distant scales, the limb short, the outer segments rounded. 4, Cephalocereus polylophus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Hert 12: 419. 1909. Cereus polylophus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828. Eastern Mexico. Erect, with simple stems 10 to 13 meters high, green; ribs 15 to 18; areoles small, 1 cm. apart or less, bearing white felt but no wool; spines 7 or 8, yellow, straight, spreading ; central spine single, longer than the others; flowers 4 to 5 cm. long, about 3 cm. broad at top, narrowly funnelform; free part of tube 6 to 8 mm. long with ridges down the inside; stamens included, inserted on the throat; inner perianth segments probably red, broad and short, rounded at apex; ovary somewhat tuberculate; scales small, without felt, wool, or hairs in their axils; scales of flower tube small, acute, spreading, with the tip reflexed. 5. Cephalocereus scoparius (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 419. 1909. Pilocereus scoparius Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126, 1853. Cereus scoparius Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 63. 1905. Type from La Soledad, Veracruz. Stems 6 to 7.5 meters high, 30 cm. or more in diameter; younger branches with 12 to 15 ribs, these blunt; areoles 1.5 to 2.5 cm. apart, naked; radial spines 5, somewhat bent downward, 5 to 8 mm. long; central spine 1, stout, bent up- ward, 2.5 cm. long; flowering branches with 20 to 25 ribs; flowers small, red- dish; fruit red, small. 6. Cephalocereus gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 47. 1920. Yucatan. Plant 6 meters high, light green, slender, often only 2 to 3 cm., but some- times 6 cm., in diameter; ribs 8 or 9, 6 to 8 mm. high; areoles 6 to 10, bear- ing short felt and cobwebby hairs when young; flowering areoles bearing tufts 892 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. of white wool 1 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. apart; spines 15 to 25, acicular, 1 to 5 em. long, yellowish brown when young; flowers “light green,” 5 to 7 em. long; scales on the ovary and lower part of the flower tube few, minute, acute; Scales on upper part of the tube and outer perianth segments broadly ovate, acute; inner perianth segments oblong, acute; stamens included; style long exserted ; fruit depressed, brownish. Somewhat ridged, 4.5 em. long. 7. Cephalocereus chrysacanthus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 416. 1909, Pilocereus chrysacanthus Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 178. 1897. Cereus chrysacanthus Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 18: 63. 1902. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacfin, Puebla. Plant 3 to 5 meters high, branching near the base; branches erect or ascend- ing, glaucous; ribs about 12; areoles about 1 em. apart; spines 12 to 15, the longer ones 8 to 4 em. long, at first golden yellow, becoming darker in age; flowers borne in definite zones on one side of the branch, accompanied by dense masses of long white hairs, nocturnal, 7 to 8 em. long, rose-red; fruit smooth, reddish or purplish, about 3 cm. in diameter, the flesh red; seeds black, 8. Cephalocereus cometes (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 416. 1909. Cereus cometes Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 339. 1840. Pilocereus jubatus Salm-Dyck; First. Handb, Cact. 356. 1846. Cereus flavicomus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 202. 1850. San Luis Potosf. Erect, cylindric; ribs 12 to 15, hardly tuberculate, obtuse; areoles close together, round; spines unequal, straight, spreading, 2 cm. long or less, flesh- colored or brownish, becoming gray; flowering areoles bearing masses of yel- low hairs or wool, longer than the spines. 9. Cephalocereus leucocephalus (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 12: 417. 1909. Pilocereus leucocephalus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126. 1853. Pilocereus houlletii Lem. Rev. Hort. 1862: 428. 1862. Pilocereus foersteri Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 13: under pl. 472. 1866. Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Horcasitas, Sonora. Plants 2 to 5 meters high, branched below, the branches 3 to 15, erect or ascending; ribs usually 12, low; spines about 10 in each cluster, acicular, 12 to 20 mm. long; flowering areoles clustered on one side of the plant toward the top and producing an abudance of long white hairs (sometimes 4 to 10 em. long). 10. Cephalocereus sartorianus Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 12: 419. 1909. Veracruz. Plant 3 to 5 meters high or more, with nearly erect branches, these 7 to 10 cm. in diameter, bluish or bluish green; ribs 7, 2 em. high, marked by a pair of grooves descending obliquely, one on each side, from each areole; areoles usually 1.5 em. apart: radial spines at first 7 or 8, others apparently developing later; central normally one; all spines short, 1 cm. long or less, at first straw-colored, in age grayish; all areoles producing few or many cob- webby hairs; flowering areoles appearing on one side of the plant, producing long white hairs 4 to 6 cm. long; flowers 6 to 8 em. long, “dirty rose-red ”: fruit red. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 893 11. Cephalocereus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 418. 1909. Cereus victoriensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 24. 1918. Eastern Mexico; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Tall, 2 to 6 meters high, with 20 branches or more (often 5 to 8 em. in di- ameter), dark green or when young glaucous and bluish; ribs 7 to 9, rounded on the edge, rather closely set, clothed from top downward for 20 to 30 em. with long white hairs (4 to 5 cm. long) usually hiding the brown spines; radial spines 8 to 12, slender, the central one much longer than the others, 2 to 3 cm. long; areoles 1 cm. apart, scarcely woolly except toward the top; flowers 6 cm. long, somewhat tubular, purplish to brownish, the ovary with- out spines or hairs; fruit globular, about 6 cm. in diameter, naked but the surface somewhat warty; seeds black, shining, minutely pitted, 2 mm. long, oblique at base. 12. Cephalocereus alensis (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 415, 1909. Pilocereus alensis Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 508. 1905. Cereus alensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 23. 1913. Western Mexico; type from Sierra del Alo. Erect, sometimes 5 to 6 meters high, branching from the base; branches rather slender, spreading, 12 to 14-ribbed, the ribs somewhat tuberculate; spines 10 to 14, acicular, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, brownish; flowering areoles on one side of the stem, developing white or yellowish hairs 5 em. long; flowers light purple to purplish green ; perianth segments fleshy, usually rounded at apex; ovary nearly naked. 13. Cephalocereus purpusii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 56. 1920. Sinaloa; type from Mazatlan. Stems slender, 2 to 3 meters high, simple or more or less branched; branches green, erect, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, usually simple; ribs 12, 5 to 6 mm. high, separated by narrow intervals; areoles closely set, 10 mm. apart or less on the lower part of the stem, but much closer toward the top, on the young growth with long silky white hairs, but on old parts with- out hairs; spines acicular, swollen at base, 1 to 3 ecm. long, bright yellow at first, in age gray. 7. ESCONTRIA Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb, 10: 126. 1906. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906. Cereus chiotilla Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 83. 1897. Puebla and elsewhere in southern Mexico. Plant 4 to 7 meters high; trunk very short; branches numerous, form- ing a compact top, weak and easily broken, bright green, not at all glaucous ; ribs 7 or 8, acute; areoles close together, often confluent, elliptic; radial spines 10 to 15, rather short, often reflexed; central spines several, one much longer than the others, somewhat flattened, sometimes 7 cm. long, all light-colored; flowers borne near the ends of the branches, including the ovary about 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments yellow, acuminate ; scales on ovary and flower tube arranged in many overlapping series, ovate, 8 to 15 mm. long; fruit glabrous, about 5 cm. in diameter, scaly, edible. ‘“ Jiotilla,” “ chiotilla,” ‘“ xiotilla.” The ripe fruit is edible and is sold in the markets. The fruit is some- times preserved by drying. 894 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. PACHYCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 420. 1909. Usually very large plants, more or less branched, with definite trunks, the Stems and branches stout, columnar, ribbed; flowers diurnal, with rather short tube; outer perianth segments short, spatulate; stamens included, numerous, in- serted along the throat; style included; ovary and flower tube covered with small scales bearing felt and bristles in their axils; fruit large, burlike, dry, usually densely covered with clusters of deciduous spines and bristles; seeds large and black. One other species is known, a native of Guatemala. Wool of ovary areoles sparse, shorter than the coriaceous scales__8. P. ruficeps. Wool of ovary areoles copious, mostly longer than the scales. Perianth tube narrow; branches 5 to 7-angled 7. P. marginatus. Perianth tube broad; branches many-ribbed. Areoles of ovary and perianth tube bearing copious yellow-brown wool 1.5 to 2.5 em. long____ 6. P. chrysomallus. Areoles of ovary and perianth tube densely felted but without long wool Joints, at least the young ones, glaucous, the bloom persistent as whitish streaks___ -- -- 5. P. grandis. Joints green or but slightly glaucous. Upper areoles of the perianth tube, like the others, densely felted, the scales short. Spines brown to gray or sometimes black__________ 1. P. pringlei. Spines of young growth yellow-brown_ 2. P. orcuttii. Upper areoles of the perianth tube little or scarcely felted, the scales long. Flowering areoles bearing many short weak spines. 3. P. pecten-aboriginum. Flowering areoles bearing several stiff acicular spines_4. P. gaumeri. 1. Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 422. 1909. Cereus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 368. 1885, Cereus calvus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Herb. 3: 409. 1896. Cereus titan Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 3: 409. 1896. Sonora and Baja California; type from the Altar River, Sonora. Treelike, up to 11 meters high, usually with a very short thick trunk, some- times 1 or even 2 meters long or more, often 60 cm. in diameter or more; stem sometimes nearly simple but often with numerous thick upright branches, more or less glaucous, very spiny or in some forms nearly naked; ribs usually 11 to 15 but sometimes 17, obtuse; areoles, especially the flowering ones, very large, brown-felted, usually confluent or connected by a groove; spines on young growth 20 or more at an areole, 1 to 2 cm. long, white but with black tips, or on young plants sometimes 12 cm. long and black throughout; flower- bearing region of the branches extending from near the top downward some- times for 2 meters, the areoles becoming broad and uniting, often spineless; flowers 6 to 8 cm. long, the tube and ovary bearing small acute scales, these nearly hidden by the mass of brown hairs produced in their axils; inner perianth segments white, broad, spreading; fruit globular, covered with brown felt and bristles, dry. “Card6n”, “cardén pel6én”; “saguesa” (Sonora). This is an abundant and conspicuous plant in many parts of Sonora and Baja California, often forming extensive forests. The dried wood is employed for fuel, and the stems for building huts. The Indians grind the pulp and STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 895 seeds together into a kind of flour which is used for making tamales. For illustrations of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 130, 181, 132. It is probably this plant which is described by Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) under the name “card6n.” Among other notes, he remarks that “the missionaries found a method of utilizing the branches, for from a piece about two palms long they extracted by crushing the juice, which they boiled down, thus obtaining a balsam which is good for wounds and bruises.” 2. Pachycereus orcuttii (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 422. 1909. Cereus orcuttii K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 3. 1900. Type from Rosario, Baja California. Stems bright green, reaching a height of 3 meters and a diameter of 15 cm.; ribs 14 to 18, 1 cm. high; areoles 6 mm. in diameter, densely covered with light gray wool; spines all slender, yellowish brown; radials 12 to 20, 12 mm. long, the centrals about 5, porrect; flowers greenish brown, 4 em. long, the inner perianth segments short-apiculate; ovary densely covered with short scales, almost concealed by thick tufts of yellowish wool, and furnished with dark brown bristles 4 to 6 cm. long. 3. Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 422. 1909. Cereus pecten-aboriginum Engelm. ; 8. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 21: 429. 1886. Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California, and Colima; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua. Treelike, 5 to 10 meters high, with a trunk 1 to 2 meters high and 30 cm. in diameter, crowned with many erect branches; ribs 10 or 11; areoles 1 cm. in diameter or even less, extending downward in narrow grooves, in the flower- ing ones forming brownish cushions connecting with the areoles below, densely tomentose (grayish except in flowering ones, these brownish or reddish) ; spines 8 to 12, 1 to 3 central, all short, usually 1 cm. long or less, but in some cases 3 cm. long, grayish with black tips; flowering areoles not much larger than the others; flowers 5 to 7.5 cm. long; ovary covered with dense soft hairs with only a few bristles or none, outer perianth segments purple, succulent ; inner ones white, fleshy; fruit 6 to 7.5 cm. in diameter, dry, covered with yel- low wool and long yellow bristles. ‘“Cardén,” “ ecard6n hecho,” “ card6n bar- bon” (Baja California) ; “ hecho * (Chihuahua, Baja California). The specific name was given in allusion to the fact that the Indians used the burlike fruits as combs. They also ground the seeds into meal and em- ployed them in the preparation of cakes. For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 182, B. 4. Pachycereus gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 71. 1920. Yueatin; type from Hodo. Plant slender, 2 to 7 meters high, erect, simple or few-branched; branches 4-angled or winged; ribs thin, 3 to 4 cm. high; areoles large, 1 to 2.5 cm. apart, brown-felted; spines several, slender, 1 to 3 cm. long, brownish ; flowers yellowish green, 5 cm. long; scales of ovary and flower tube more or less foliaceous, drying black and thin, with brown felt in the areoles; scales on ovary linear, puberulent. 5. Pachycereus grandis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 421. 1909. Cereus bergerianus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 24. 1913. Morelos, the type from Cuernavaca. Plant 6 to 10 meters high, either simple or much branched, the trunk sometimes a meter in diameter; branches, when present, columnar, generally 896 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. simple, becoming erect almost from the first, with numerous constrictions, pale green or when young glaucous, with some bloom persisting in streaks; ribs 9 to 11, acutish, high; sterile areoles circular, large, bearing white felt and subulate spines, 2 to 3 em. apart, not running together; old spines grayish to white with black tips; radial spines 9 or 10; central spines 3, the lower one longer, sometimes 6 cm. long, somewhat flattened; flowering areoles large, elliptic, bearing acicular or bristle-like spines; flowers about 4 cm. long; ovary and flower tube bearing small, acuminate scales, their axils filled with downy hairs; fruit large, globular, dry, covered with long yellow bristles and yellow felt. 6. Pachycereus chrysomallus (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 421. 1909. Pilocereus chrysomallus Lem. Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: under pl. 242. 1847. Cereus chrysomallus Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 1: 541. 1880. Pilocereus fulviceps Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 176. 1897. Puebla and Oaxaca. Stem columnar, massive, at first simple, but in very old plants much branched, giving off hundreds of erect branches which form an almost com- pact cylinder up to 5 meters in diameter, becoming 12 to 18 meters high; branches glaucous green, 11 to 14-ribbed; flowering branches capped by dense masses of brownish wool; areoles approximate or even confluent; radial spines about 12, slender; centrals 3, 1 very long, sometimes 12 to 13 cm. long; flowers borne near the tops of the stems or branches, 6 to 7 cm. long, the bud, afterward the flower, and finally the fruit, completely concealed in the long wool; ovary covered with small pale, imbricate scales; flower tube also covered with imbricate scales, but these larger and pinkish, pointed; flower tube proper 10 mm. long or less; throat funnelform, 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments numerous, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, cream-colored. 7. Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 421. 1909. Cereus marginatus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828. Cereus gemmatus Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 96. 1837. Hidalgo, Querétaro, and Guanajuato; also planted and naturalized in other parts of Mexico. Stems 3 to 7 meters high, erect, usually simple; ribs 5 or 6 (7 in the original specimen), somewhat acute when young, obtuse in age; areoles close together, usually confluent, their wool forming a dense white cushion along the ridge of each rib; spines at first 5 to 8 (1 central), in old areoles more numerous, 1 cm. long or less, but in flowering areoles often numerous, bristly and 2 cm. long; fowers and fruit usually closely set, one above the other, apparently only one at an areole, but recorded as often geminate, and appearing anywhere along the ribs from the top downward; flower funnelform, 3 to 4 em. long; tube and ovary more or less scurfy and with ovate scales subtending bunches of wool and small spines; fruit globular, about 4 cm. in diameter, not very fleshy, yel- lowish red within, covered with spines and wool which finally drop off; seeds numerous, black, somewhat shining, 4 mm. long. “ Organo” (Durango, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosf) ; “ jarritos” (flowers; San Luis Potosf). Palmer reports that the flowers are sold in the markets of San Luis Potosf for the honey which they contain. This species, like many other cacti of similar habit, is much planted to form living fences. The straight trunks are placed closely side by side and form impenetrable barriers, which are characteristic features of Mexican towns. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 897 8. Pachycereus ruficeps (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 75. 1920. Pilocereus ruficeps Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11. 509. 1905. Cereus ruficeps Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 27. 19138. Oaxaca and Puelba; type from Tehuacin, Puebla. Stout, columnar, 15 meters high, from a simple trunk, 30 to 40 cm. in diam- eter, but branched above; ribs about 26; young spines reddish; radial spines 8 to 10, about 1 cm. long, rigid, grayish ; central spines 1 to 3, the longest 4 to 5 em. long, porrect or deflexed ; flowers at the top of the plant, campanulate, 5 em. long, the ovary and tube bearing small chartaceous scales, these with small tufts of felt and a few yellow pristles in their axils; fruit small, not edible; seeds small, brownish, shining. 9, Pachycereus columna-trajani (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 421. 1909. Cereus columna-trajani Karw.; Pfeiff, Enum. Cact. 76. 1837. Pilocereus lateribarbatus Pfeiff.; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 672. 1885. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Sebastifin, Puebla. Plants erect, stout, up to 15 meters high, 45 to 50 cm. in diameter, often simple; ribs many, green; areoles oblong, bearing brown felt; radial spines 8 to 10, 12 to 25 mm. long; central spines more elongate, sometimes 16 cm. long, deflexed; spines all rigid, white or horn-colored except the brown bases and tips, sometimes said to be soft and erect; flowers described as purple. “Tetetza” (Oaxaca, Conzatti). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Cereus tTeTazo Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 409. 1896. Pilocereus tetetzo Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 175. 1897. Described from Jalisco. This species has been referred to the present group, but the ovary is glabrous, and the fruit fleshy and edible. It should be compared with Cephalocereus macrocephalus. The names “ tetetzo,” “«“tetazo,” “cabeza de viejo,” and “tetecho” are reported for it. The fruits, known as “ higos de tetetzo,” are edible, and are sometimes preserved by drying, and the flowers are said to be eaten in salads. 9. LEMAIREOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 424. 1909. Plants usually large, tall, and pranching, but rarely low, nearly prostrate, simple, forming thickets; areoles rather large, felted; spines usually stout and numerous; flowers diurnal or in some species nocturnal, one at an areole, tubu- lar-funnelform or campanulate, the short tube tardily separating with the style from top of the ovary; stamens numerous, borne in many rows all along the inner surface of the throat; ovary more or less tubercled, bearing scales felted in the axils, the areoles at first spineless or nearly s0, soon developing a cluster of spines; fruit globular to oval, often edible, irregularly bursting when old, exposing the seeds, at first very spiny, but when ripe the spines often deciduous; seeds many, black. About 10 other species are known, widely distributed in tropical America. Ribs 5 to 7, separated by broad shallow intervals._------- 11. L. dumortieri. Ribs 6 to 20, separated by deep intervals. Areoles with white, brown, or gray felt, not glandular. Spines very stout, at first reddish brown or nearly black___-7. L. weberi. Spines slender, acicular to subulate. , Ribs about 20_------------------------------- 700-777 6. L. treleasei. 898 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Ribs 6 to 12. Areoles borne on ribs, when these are crenate borne on elevations. Joints green, not glaucous_._---.-_ 1. L. hollianus. Joints glaucous when young, the bloom persistent as whitish Streaks.._--- 2. L. pruinosus. Areoles borne in depressions of the crenate ribs. Plants bright green. Ribs 9 to 12; flowers greenish yellow_________ 3. L. chichipe. Ribs 7 to 9; flowers rose-colored_________.._ 4. L. chende. Plants glaucous___--------.-- 5. L. stellatus. Areoles with dark brown or black felt, glandular. Ribs 6 to 8. Scales of the ovary 2 mm. long or less__----_ 8. L. queretaroensis. Scales of the ovary 4 to 6 mm. long_---_-- 9. L. montanus. Ribs 12 to 17__------_- 10. L. thurberi. 1. Lemaireocereus hollianus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 425. 1909. Cereus hollianus Weber: Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 411. 1896. Cereus bavosus Weber: Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 84. 1897. Puebla, the type from Tehuacén. Stem simple or branching only at base, 4 to 5 meters high; ribs 8 to 12, acute; areoles 1 to 3 em. apart; spines at first bright red, but soon gray; radial spines about 12, very unequal, 1 to 3 cm. long, mostly spreading; cen- trals 3 to 5, swollen at base, unequal, the lower much longer than the others, sometimes 10 cm. long, Strongly deflexed; flowers borne at the upper areoles, 10 cm. long, white; scales on ovary and flower tube with lanate and bristly axils; fruit “as large as a goose egg,” dark purple to red, covered with clusters of spines and bristles; seeds black, shining. Cereus brachiatus Galeotti (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 195. 1850 ) must be very close to L. hollianus if not identical. 2. Lemaireocereus pruinosus ( Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 88. 1920. Echinocactus pruinosus Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 54. 1837, Cereus pruinosus Otto; Forst. Handb. Cact. 398. 1846. Cereus laevigatus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 204. 1850. Oaxaca and elsewhere in south-central Mexico. Plant usually tall, with a more or less definite trunk; ribs 5 or 6, very high, separated by broad intervals; spines few, the radial ones 5 to 7, brownish ; central spine solitary, 3 em. long; flowering areoles large, brown-felted ; flowers about 9 cm. long; upper scales and outer perianth segments 1 em. long or less, rounded at apex; inner perianth segments longer and thinner than the outer ones; ovary with numerous brown-felted areoles; fruit ovoid, spiny, 6 to 7 cm. long. 3. Lemaireocereus chichipe (Goss.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 89. 1920. Cereus chichipe Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 507. 1905. Cereus miztecensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 52. 1909. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro Colorado, near Tehuacin, Puebla. Treelike, up to 5 meters high, with a short trunk 80 to 100 em. in diameter and a large, much branched top; branches 9 to 12-ribbed, the ribs undulate, acutish, 2 cm. high; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; radial spines 6 or 7, 5 to 10 cm. long, grayish; central spine 1; flowers small, yellowish green; fruit spiny, globose, 2 to 2.5 em, in diameter, red both within and without; seeds small, black. “Chichipe,” “ chichibe ”: “ chichituna ” (fruit). The fruit is edible, and is sold in the markets. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 899 4. Lemaireocereus chende (Goss.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 90. 1920. Cereus chende Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 506. 1905. Cereus delmoralit Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 89. 1909. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro Colorado, near Tehuacin, Puebla. Plant 5 to 7 meters high, with a short indefinite trunk, very much branched above, forming a large top; branches rather slender, ascending or erect; ribs 7 to 9, rather sharp, areoles on old branches 1.5 em. apart, on young branches perhaps closer together, radial spines usually 5, the centrals when present a little longer than the radials, brown to bright yellow, in age grayish, acicular ; flowers 3 to 4 cm. long; fruit said to be deep red, very spiny. “* Chende,” “ chente,” “ chinoa.” 5. Lemaireocereus stellatus (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909. Cereus stellatus Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 258. 1836. Cereus dyckii Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 87. 1837. Cereus tonelianus Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 2: Misc. 63. 1855. Stenocereus stellatus Riccobono, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 253. 1909. Oaxaca and elsewhere in southern Mexico. Plant 2 to 3 meters high, branching at base, rarely branching above, pale bluish green; ribs 8 to 12, low, obtuse; radial spines 10 to 12; centrals several, often much longer than the others, sometimes 5 to 6 cm. long; areoles 1 to 2 em. apart; flowers appearing at or near the top of the plant, red, narrowly campanulate, about 4 cm. long; ovary bearing small scales subtending wool and bristly spines; fruit red, spiny, globular, about 3 cm. in diameter; spines deciduous; seeds dull, pitted. “Tuna,” “ joconostle.” 6. Lemaireocereus treleasei (Vaupel) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 426, 1909. Cereus treleasei Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 37. 1913. Oaxaca; type collected between Mitla and Oaxaca. Plant 5 to 7 meters high, simple or with a few strict branches; ribs about 20; areoles approximate with a peculiar V-shaped depression just above each one; spines rather short, yellowish; flowers pinkish, 4 to 5 cm. long, diurnal ; scales on ovary and flower tube subtending slender whitish bristles; fruit red, about 5 cm. in diameter, covered with clusters of deciduous spines ; seeds black, dull, rugose. “ Tunillo.” 7. Lemaireocereus weberi (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909. Cereus weberi Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 410. 1896. Cereus candelabrum Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 106. 1897. Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected near Tehuacfin, Puebla. Plant very large, 10 meters high or more, with a trunk short but thick and often with hundreds of nearly erect branches rising from near the base, dark bluish green, slightly glaucous; ribs usually 10, rounded; areoles large; radial spines usually 6 to 12, spreading, more or less acicular, 1 to 2 cm. long; central spine usually up to 10 em. long, solitary, flattened, often more or less deflexed, except in the upper areoles, at first brown to blackish, much longer than the laterals; areoles white-felted; flowers 8 to 10 cm. long; scales on flower tube narrow, thin, bearing long brown hairs in their axils; inner perianth segments oblong, 2 em. long; ovary globular, covered by the dense brown felt of its areoles; fruit oblong, edible, 6 to 7 cm. long, very spiny, the spine clusters deciduous in ripening. Alcocer reports that the seeds are sold in the markets of Tehuacin, to be ground and mixed in tortillas 900 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Lemaireocereus queretaroensis (Weber) Safford, Ann. Rept. Smiths. Inst. 1908: pl. 6, f. 2. 1909. | Cereus queretaroensis Weber; Mathsson, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 27. 1891. Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Jalisco; type from Querétaro. Plant 8 to 5 meters high, with a short woody trunk, much branched above; ribs 6 to 8, prominent, obtuse; areoles about 1 cm. apart, large, brown-woolly, very glandular; spines 6 to 10, at first red, becoming grayish in age, acicular, rather’ unequal, sometimes only 15 mm. long, at other times 5 em. long; flowers 7 to 8 cm. long; ovary with many woolly areoles subtended by ovate scales 2 mm. long or less; fruit spiny, edible. “ Pitahaya.” 9. Lemaireocereus montanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 97. 1920. Type from Alamos, Sonora. Treelike, 6 to 7 meters high, with a definite smooth trunk 1 meter long or more, with few branches, at first spreading, then nearly erect; ribs usually 8, prominent; areoles 1 to 1.5 em. apart, large, filled with short brown wool; spines 6 or less, pale, rather stout, one of them longer, sometimes 8 cm. long; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long, opening during the day; outer perianth segments purplish; scales on ovary ovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, imbricate, acuminate, with erose margins. 10. Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909. Cereus thurberi Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 17: 234. 1854. Sonora and Baja California; type collected in a canyon near the mountain pass of Bachuachi, Sonora. Arizona. Usually without a definite trunk, sending up from the base 5 to 20, or even more, erect or ascending branches 3 to 7 meters high, 15 to 20 em. in di- ameter, the basal ones usually simple but occasionally with lateral branches; ribs 12 to 17, rather low, sometimes 2 em. high, rounded, separated by narrow intervals; areoles 10 to 15 or rarely 30 mm. apart, sometimes becoming 1 em. in diameter, circular, brown-felted, more or less glandular, the whole areole becoming a waxlike mass; spines numerous, acicular to subulate, unequal, brownish to black, becoming gray in age, the longest sometimes 5 em. long; flowers mostly borne near the top of the stem but sometimes 30 cm. below the top, 6 to 7.5 em. long; outer perianth segments broad, reddish, imbricate, gradually passing into the scales on the tube; inner perianth seg- ments light purple with nearly white margins, widely spreading or even turned back at apex, broad, obtuse; ovary tuberculate, bearing small ovate acute Scales, these with white and brown hairs in their axils; fruit globular, 4 to 7.5 em. in diameter, edible, very spiny, but in age naked, olive without, crimson within; seeds black, shining, 18 to 2 mm. long. “Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya dulce.” The dried stems are often used for fuel. The agreeably flavored fruit is gathered in large quantities, and sweetmeats are sometimes made from it. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 125, A. It is doubtless this species of which Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) writes as follows: “ Nowhere is the pitahayo so luxuriant as in Cali- fornia. * * * Underneath the bark there is about a finger’s breadth of green and very juicy pulp, and within that a woody tube full of whitish pith which, when dry, burns well and is used for torches for giving light. Toward the ends of the branches spring forth beautiful white flowers, spotted with bright red, but without odor, and these are followed by the fruits, called pitahayas by the Spaniards, and tammié or dammidé by the Cochimf of Cali- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 901 fornia. This fruit is round, of the size of a large peach, and is also armed with spines; at first it is green, but when ripe it turns red or yellow. That with red rind has pulp of a beautiful blood-red color, and that with yellow rind has white or yellow pulp. The rind is rather thick but soft and easily separated, and the pulp is sweet, mild, refrigerant, and wholesome. After the rind is removed the pulp is eaten, along with the seeds, with which it is filled, which are somewhat like those of the fig, although smaller. The red pitahayas color the urine like blood, for which reason some strangers who have eaten them have been much alarmed, thinking that they have broken a blood vessel. In the southern part of the peninsula the harvest of the sweet pitahayas begins the first of June, and ends the last of August; in the northern part it begins later and is most abundant in August; but when there is a little more rain than usual the harvest is very scant or none at all, for there is no plant so much injured by dampness as the pitahayo. For harvesting, the Californians use a stick to one end of which is firmly attached a slender hook-shaped bone, for pulling off the fruit, and a net in which to catch it without letting it fall on the ground. After it is gathered, they take off the spines with a little stick, which is easily done if the fruit is ripe, and then they peel and eat it; and in this way they go about gathering and eating until filled, and what is left they take home. During the time of the harvest the people go all day long over the mountains and plains hunting for ripe pitahayas, and for them, as we shall see later, this is the happiest season of the year.” 11. Lemaireocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 425. 1909. Cereus dumortiecri Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 220. 1837. Morelos and Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico. Often treelike, 6 to 15 meters high, the trunk proper short, 60 to 100 cm. long, 30 ecm, in diameter or more, woody; branches many, erect almost from the first, with numerous constrictions, very pale bluish green or somewhat glaucous; ribs generally 6, sometimes 5 or 7, occasionally 9 on very old joints; areoles elliptic, approximate or often confluent, gray-felted; spines various in number and in length, 10 to 20 radials, 1 central or more, the longer ones often 4 cm. long, all at first straw-colored but in age blackened; flowers 5 em. long, the tube and ovary bearing small ovate scales with bunches of felt and occa- sionally bristles in their axils, the limb about 2.5 cm. broad; fruit oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, reddish within, not spiny, its areoles nearly contiguous, felted ; seeds brownish, 1.5 mm. long, dull, roughened. Cereus anisacanthus DC. (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828) is doubtfully referred here by Schumann. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CreREUS conrorMIs Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 203. 1850. Type from Mexico. CEREUS RIGIDISPINUS Monville, Hort. Univ. 1: 223. 1840. Type from Mexico. Both this and the preceding probably represent species of Lemaireocereus. 10. BERGEROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. Cereus emoryi Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci, II. 14: 338. 1852. Northern Baja California and on the adjacent islands. California. Branches 20 to 60 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, entirely covered with the dense spiny armament ; ribs 20 to 25, very low, only a few millimeters high, 902 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. somewhat tuberculate; spines 10 to 30, yellow to yellowish brown, acicular, 1 to 4 cm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long and about as broad when expanded; outer perianth segments obovate, obtuse; inner perianth segments oblong, about 1 em. long; fruit globose, densely spiny. 11. WILCOXIA Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 434. 1909. Plants usually low and weak, producing a cluster of dahlia-like roots; stems very slender, more or less branched, the branches often only the diameter of a lead pencil; ribs few and low; spines of all the areoles Similar; flowers diurnal, funnelform-campanulate, red or purple, large for the size of the plant, only 1 from an areole, the tube rather short, its areoles bearing spines or bristles and wool; areoles of ovary and fruit bearing spines or bristles and wool; seeds black, the aril large and basal. The following are all the known species. Areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing long bristles. Stems puberulent--_-----_----- 1. W. viperina. Stems glabrous. Corolla about 5 em. long; tube indefinite; seeds dull; spine clusters 3 to 5 mm. apart------------ee 2. W. poselgeri. Corolla 10 to 12 em. long; tube definite; seeds shining; spine clusters distant------__-__-- ee 3. W. striata. Areoles on ovary and lower part of flower tube without long bristles, 4, W. papillosa. 1. Wilcoxia viperina (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 16: 242, 1913. Cereus viperinus Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 385. 1904, Puebla; type from Zapotitlin. Stems elongate, branching, the largest ones 1 em. in diameter, becoming spineless; branches densely velvety-puberulent, 8 mm. in diameter or legs ; ribs about 8, inconspicuous; spines about 8, appressed, dark, about 5 mm. long; flowers red, 3 cm. long; spines of ovary and corolla tube black, bristle- like, intermixed with long white wool. “ Organito de vibora.” 2. Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 434. 1909. Cereus tuberosus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 135. 1853. Not C. tubecrosus Pfeiff. 1837. Echinocereus poselgeri Lem. Cact. 57. 1868. Cereus poselgeri Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 398. 1896. Coahuila. Southern Texas. Roots tuberous, black, Several, near the surface of the ground; stems 60 cm. high or less, 6 to 10 mm. thick, with 8 to 10 inconspicuous ribs, the lower and older parts naked, spiny above, the spines almost hiding the ribs; radial spines 9 to 12, appressed, 3 to 5 mm. long, delicate, puberulent; central one ascending, black-tipped, about 1 em. long, stouter than the radials; flowers purple or pink, 5 cm. long; spines of ovary and flower tube intermixed with white hairs; perianth segments linear, acuminate, about 2.5 em. long, widely spreading or strongly recurved; seeds pitted or rugose, 8 mm. long. “ Sacasil.” 3. Wilcoxia striata (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 484. 1909. , Cereus striatus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 19, 1891. Cereus diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 319. 1895. Baja California and Sonora; type from San José del Cabo, Baja California. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 903 Roots brown, shallow-seated; stem vinelike, very slender, usually with 9 indistinct ribs, grayish; spines about 9, 1.5 to 3 mm. long, acicular, weak, ap- pressed, brownish, the areoles rather distant; flowers 10 to 12 cm. long, purple, the areoles bearing slender bristle-like spines and long wool; fruit pyriform, 8 to 4 cm. long, scarlet, spiny, the spines deciduous; seeds minutely pitted. “ Pitahayita,” “ sacamatraca,” “saramatraca,” “jarramatraca,” “racamatraca.” A cloth saturated with the juice of the crushed roots is sometimes applied to the chest to relieve inflammation of the lungs. 4. Wilcoxia papillosa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 112. 1920. Sinaloa, the type from Culiacén. Tap-root spindle-shaped, fleshy, 4 to 7 em. long, 2 cm. in diameter, giving off long fibrous roots; stems slender, with few branches, 30 to 40 cm. long, perhaps longer, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter, glabrous, but the whole surface cov- ered with minute papillae; ribs low, indistinct, perhaps 3 to 5; areoles small, distant, 1 to 3 cm long, white-woolly ; spines in clusters of 6 to 8, minute, yellowish brown, bulbose at base, 1 to 3 mm. long; flowers scarlet, 4 to 5 cm. long; scales on ovary and flower tube small, linear-cuspidate, those at the top of the tube with long white wool and several brown bristles in their axils; perianth segments 2 cm. long. “Cardoncillo.” 12. PENIOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909. Plants low, slender, from an enormous fleshy turnip-shaped root; stems and branches usually 4 or 5-angled; spines of all the areoles similar; flowers very large, funnelform, nocturnal, white, the outer segments tinged with red; tube of flower long, slender, with long hairs in the axils of the upper scales, but with clusters of spines on the lower part and also on the ovary; fruit spiny, ovoid, long-pointed, bright red, fleshy; seeds black, rugose. The genus consists of two species. Young growth pubescent; seeds dull black____-__------------- 1. P. greggii. Young growth glabrous; seeds shining___------------------ 2. P. johnstonii. 1. Peniocereus greggii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909. Cereus greggii Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848. Cereus pottsii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 208. 1850. Sonora, Chihuahua, and Zacatecas; type collected near the city of Chihua- hua. Western Texas to Arizona. Root often very large, sometimes 60 cm. in diameter, weighing 60 to 125 pounds, usually 15 to 20 cm. long by 5 to 8 cm. in diameter; stems 30 cm. to 8 meters high, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, the young parts pubescent; spines small, blackish; radials 6 to 9; central usually 1, sometimes 2; flower 15 to 20 cm. long, the tube slender and terminating in a short funnelform throat, covered with stamens; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute, 4 cm. long, spreading, or the outer ones reflexed; filaments erect, exserted; style slender, the stigma lobes about 1 cm. long; fruit tuberculate, 12 to 15 cm. long, including the elongate beak. “ Huevo de venado” (Patoni). 2. Peniocereus johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 329. f. 2. 1922. Baja California, the type from San Josef Island. Plant climbing or clambering, up to 3 meters long; stems and branches 3 to 5-angled; spines 9 to 12, brown to black; upper radial spines short, stubby, swollen at base, nearly black, the two lower light brown, elongate, bristle-like. 904 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. reflexed ; central spines 1 to 3, subulate, 4 to 8 mm. long; flower 15 cm. long, the segments about 3 em. long, the tube slender, with prominent areoles on knobby projections; fruit 6 em. long, bearing prominent clusters of black spines, 13. MACHAEROCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 114, 1920, Plants prostrate or low and bushy, often with long, horizontal or prostrate, stout branches, very spiny throughout; ribs low; areoles large, felted, spiny; spines numerous, the centrals flattened and dagger-like; flowers diurnal, 1 at an areole, long, slender, funnelform, the perianth persisting on the fruit; stamens numerous, borne on the narrow elongate throat; ovary and lower part of flower tube bearing many small scales, these subtending felted areoles which afterward bear clusters of spines; fruit globular, edible when young, covered with clusters of spines, but when fully mature becoming naked; seeds dull black, somewhat punctate, acute on the back. Only two species are known. Plants prostrate, the tips ascending; flowers yellow____________ 1. M. eruca. Plants erect, 1 meter high or less, bushy; flowers purple____2. M. gummosus, 1. Machaerocereus eruca (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 115. 1920. Cereus eruca T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 163. 1889. Baja California; type from Magdalena Island. Prostrate, except the erect or ascending tips; branches 1 to 3 meters long, 4 to 8 cm. in diameter, usually simple, rooting on the under surface, dying at the older end and srowing forward at the other; sometimes several plants starting as branches from a common parent as a center and first radiating out, then dying at the rear; ribs about 12; areoles large, 2 em. apart; spines about 20, very unequal, pale gray, the outer ones terete, the inner stout and flatter, the longest about 3 em. long; flowers 10 to 12 cm. long; tube about 10 cm. long, nearly 6 mm. in diameter; limb 4 to 6 em, broad; ovary very spiny; fruit spiny, 4 em. long; seeds black. “ Chilenola,” “ chirinole.” 2. Machaerocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 116. 1920, Cereus gummosus Engelm.; T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 162. 1889. Cereus cumengei Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 317. 1895. Cereus fleruosug Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 411. 1896, Baja California and on the adjacent islands. Erect or ascending, but usually not a meter high, or with long, spreading, Sometimes prostrate branches, the whole plant sometimes having a spread of 6 to 7 meters; branches 4 to 6 em. in diameter; ribs usually 8, rarely 9, low and obtuse; areoles rather large, about 2 em. apart; spines stout, the radials 8 to 12, somewhat unequal, about 1 cm. long; central spines 3 to 6, stout, flattened, one much longer than the others and about 4 cm. long; flowers 10 to 14 cm. long, the tube long and slender; inner perianth Segments 2 to 2.5 em. long, purple; fruit subglobose, 6 to 8 em. in diameter, spiny; skin of fruit bright scarlet; pulp purple; seeds rugose, pitted, 2.5 mm. long. “ Pitahaya,” “pitahaya agria.” The fruit is agreeably acid, and is much eaten. The crushed stems are sometimes thrown in water to stupefy fish. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 126A. It is apparently of this species that Clavigero writes as follows: “ After the harvest of the sweet pitahaya [Lemaireocereus thurberi] follows that - STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 905 of the sour one, called tajud by the Cochim{, and this lasts through Septem- ber and October or, if the season is favorable, even into November. The branches of this plant also are ridged, spiny, and without leaves, but the ridges are more ordinary and the spines larger, denser, and stouter. The branches are straight and parallel like those of the tammid or sweet pitahayo; but from the trunk they take different directions, without any order or symmetry and, stretching over the ground, they throw out roots and form new plants; interlacing with each other, there result thickets which are unpleasant to look at and impenetrable by animals. The plant differs from the first kind also in the places in which it grows; for that fruits well anywhere in the mountains or on the plains, provided it is dry, while this is found only on the plains near the coast, and if plants are found occasionally in the mountains they are always sterile.” 14, NYCTOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909. Erect or clambering, slender, sparingly branched eacti, with cylindric ribbed stems and branches; ribs numerous, low ; areoles each bearing a tuft of short white wool and small radiating acicular bristles or weak spines; flowers large, white, nocturnal; ovary pearing small scales, short or long wool, and tufts of weak spines or bristles; perianth funnelform, gradually expand- ing above, bearing scales and tufts of weak bristles below the middle, above the middle bearing narrowly lanceolate scales distant from each other and grading into the blunt outer perianth segments; inner perianth segments widely spreading, obtuse or acutish; stameus numerous, shorter than the perianth; style about as long as the stamens; fruit fleshy, scaly, spiny or bristly; seeds large, black. . Three other species are known, natives of Central America. Flower tube longer than the limb____------------------ 1. N. serpentinus. Flower tube not longer than the limb____---------------- 2, N. oaxacensis. 1, Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 423. 1909. Cactus serpentinus Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Cienc. Nat. Madrid 4: 261. 1801. Cactus ambiguus Bonpl. Descr. Pl. Rar. 90. 1813. Cereus serpentinus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828. Cereus ambiguus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828. Cereus splendens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 214. 1850. Mexico, probably native near the eastern coast. Stems growing in a cluster or clump, at first erect, then clambering through bushes or over walls or, when without support, creeping or hanging, often 3 meters long, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter ; ribs 10 to 13, low and rounded; areoles close together, felted and with acicular or bristle-like spines ; spines about 12, white to brownish, the tips usually darker, the longest about 3 cm. long; flowers borne at the upper areoles, sometimes terminal, 15 to 19 cm. long, the limb 8 em. broad; areoles on ovary and flower tube bristly; inner perianth segments white, spatulate, obtuse ; fruit red, covered with deciduous spines, 4 cm. long; seeds black, 5 mm. long. ‘“Junco espinoso * (Jalisco, Oaxaca) ; “ gigante ” (Durango) ; “ reina de la noche.” This species is commonly cultivated for ornament in Mexico and is often found half wild about houses and in hedges. It is supposed to be a native, but has not been found really wild in recent years. 906 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. Nyctocereus oaxacensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 120. 1920. Oaxaca; type from Lagunas, at 255 meters. Stems branching, slender, 2 to 3 em. in diameter; ribs 7 to 10, rather low ; areoles 10 mm. apart; radial spines 8 to 12, 4 to 15 mm. long, slender, brownish ; centrals 3 to 5; flowers 8 to 10 em. long, ‘“ whitish inside, dirty purplish -or reddish outside”; perianth segments linear to oblong, rounded at apex; ovary densely covered with brownish bristly spines. 15. ACANTHOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 482. 1909. Weak elongate many-jointed cacti, at first erect but soon clambering or trailing, the joints usually strongly 3-angled, sometimes 4 or 5-angled, in one species sometimes 7-angled, the seedlings and juvenile branches not as strongly angled, with more ribs and with different spines; areoles bearing short wool or felt and several stiff spines; flowers funnelform, nocturnal, 1 at an areole; flower tube remaining rigid after anthesis, gradually drying and remaining on the ripe fruit, green, rather slender, expanded toward the summit, bear- ing a few areoles similar to those of the branches subtended by small scales ; limb somewhat shorter than the tube, widely expanded; outer perianth seg- ments narrowly lanceolate to linear, acuminate, green, shorter than the white inner segments; fruit spiny or naked, with a thick, dark red skin break- ing irregularly from top downward; flesh red; seeds humerous, black. Three other species are known, natives of Central and South America. Ribs usually 3, rarely 4, thick. Joints 8 to 10 cm. wide, deeply crenate; spines very stout, subulate. 1, A. horridus. Joints 2 to 8 em. wide, low-crenate ; spines slender. Spines well developed, subulate._....-- 2. A. pentagonus, Spines short or none, when present acicular_________ 3. A. subinermis, Ribs 3 to 5, thin--------_--ee 4. A. occidentalis. 1. Acanthocereus horridus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 122. 1920. Oaxaca. Guatemala. Plants stout, the joints strongly 3-angled or 8-winged, the young growth 5 or 6-angled; areoles large, 3 to 6 cm. apart; spines brown or blackish when young; radial spines 1 to 6, very short, conic, less than 1 em. long; central spine usually 1, sometimes 2, often very stout and elongate, sometimes 8 cm. long; flower 18 to 20 cm. long; tube 4 em. long, including the funnelform throat 12 cm. long; throat 4 em. broad at mouth; outer perianth segments linear, brown or greenish, 6 cm. long; inner perianth segments 8 to 4 cm. long; stamens white; fruit 3.5 em. long, light red, glossy, covered with large areoles bearing white felt; skin thick, finally splitting; pulp red. 2. Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 432. 1909. Cactus pentagonus L. Sp. Pl. 467. 1753. Cactus pitajaya Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 23. 1761. Cereus pentagonus Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 180. 1812. Cactus prismaticus Willd. Enum. Pl. Suppl. 82. 1813. Cereus prismaticus Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 77. 1819, Cereus pitajaya DC. Prodr. 3: 466. 1828, ?Cereus undulatus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828. Cereus acutangulus Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 107. 1837. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 907 Cereus princeps Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 108. 1837. Cereus ramosus Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 108. 1837. Cereus baxaniensis Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 109. 1837. Cereus nitidus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 211. 1850. Cereus sirul Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 384. 1904. Eastern coast of Mexico. Texas, Central America, northern South America, and Guadeloupe. Stem clambering, usually 2 to 3 or sometimes 7 meters high, but when growing in the open more or less arched and rooting at the tip, then making other arches and thus forming large colonies; old trunk becoming nearly round, 5 cm. in diameter or more; joints 3 to 8 cm. broad, 3 to 5-angled, low- crenate; juvenile growth nearly terete, with 6 to 8 low ribs, approximate are- oles, and numerous short acicular spines ; areoles on normal branches 3 to 5 em. apart; spines acicular or gray, subulate; radials at first 6 or 7, 1 to 4 cm. long; central spine often solitary, longer than the radials; spines of old are- oles often as many as 12, of which several are centrals; flowers 14 to 20 cm. long; tube and ovary bearing conspicuous areoles with brown felt and sev- eral subulate spines; outer perianth segments green ; inner perianth segments white, acuminate; fruit oblong, red, edible; cotyledons broadly ovate, 5 to 8 mm. long, thick, united at base, gradually passing below into the spindle- shaped hypocotyl. “ Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya naranjada,” “ pitahaya morada.” * 3. Acanthocereus subinermis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125. 1920. Type collected between Mitla and Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca. Plants 1 meter high or higher; joints stout, 5 to 7 cm. broad, strongly 3 or 4-angled, bright green, somewhat shining, usually short; areoles 3 to 4 cm. apart; spines either wanting or short, when present 6 to 10 at an areole, acicu- lar, usually less than 1.5 cm, long; flowers 15 to 22 cm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, reddish, acute; inner perianth segments white; areoles of ovary and flower tube somewhat spiny; fruit globular to short-oblong, 4 cm. long, dull red. 4. Acanthocereus occidentalis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125. 1920. Sinaloa, the type from San Blas. Stems rather weak, forming dense thickets; branches slender, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, 3 to 5-angled, dull green, often bronzed; margins of ribs slightly sinuate; areoles 1 to 3 cm. apart, filled with short brown wool; spines nu- merous, nearly equal, yellowish, acicular, up to 7 em. long; flowers 14 to 18 cm. long. 16. HELIOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 12: 127. 1909. Stems usually weak, procumbent or climbing over rocks and bushes, in cultivation often bushy and erect; branches strongly angled or ribbed; ribs or angles usually 3 or 4, sometimes up to 7; spines of all areoles similar ; flowers diurnal, large, funnelform, only 1 at an areole, usually scarlet, some- 1The name “pitahaya” (also written “ pitajaya,” and “pitaya”) is gen- erally employed in Mexico for fruits of cacti of the Cereus alliance. Accord- ing to Orozco y Berra, the Nahuatl name for plants of this group is “ tzapo- aochtli.” Buelna reports the Otomi name as “bazttu ”. and Asiain the Huastec aames as “ocomtzatza” and “tzalza.”. The name of the State of the Sinaloa ‘s said to be derived from two Indian words, “ sina,” pitahaya, and “ lobala,” round. 908 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. times white; tube short but definite; inner perianth segments elongate; stamens numerous, declined; ovary spiny. One other species is known, a native of Guatemala. Flowers red. Inner perianth segments acuminate. Style not longer than the stamens 1. H. elegantissimus. Style definitely longer than the stamens______________2, H. schrankii. Inner perianth segments apiculate, rounded or abruptly tipped. 3. H. speciosus. Flowers white -- -- _._-.---4. H, amecamensis, 1. Heliocereus elegantissimus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 127. 1920. Cereus coccineus Salm-Dyck ; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 122. 1837. Not C. coccineus DC. 1828. Native of Mexico. Stems at first erect, low, 10 to 20 cm. high; branches often decumbent, light green, 3 to 5 cm. broad, mostly 3 or 4-angled; ribs strongly undulate; areoles large, 1.5 to 2 cm. apart, yellow-felted; spines acicular, 1 cm. long or less, the radial ones bristly and white, the inner stiff and recurved; flowers scarlet, 10 to 15 cm. broad; perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate, 7 cm. long or less; ovary 3 to 4 cm. long, oblong, with a few scattered spreading scales. 2. Heliocereus schrankii (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 434. 1909. Cereus schrankii Zucc.; Seitz, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 244, 1834, Type from Zimapin, Hidalgo. Stems ascending, branching; joints 1 to 2 em. broad, 3 or 4-angled, some- what winged, when young reddish, in age green: areoles 1.5 to 2 em. apart, somewhat elevated ; spines 6 to 8, acicular, white when young, yellowish brown in age; flowers dark red, 14 cm. broad; ovary oblong, 4 cm. long, spiny. 3. Heliocereus speciosus (Cav.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 434. 1909. Cactus speciosus Cav. Anal. Cienc. Nat. Madrid 6: 339, 1803. Cactus speciosissimus Desf. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 193. 1817. Cereus bifrons Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suee. 76. 1819. Cereus speciosissimus DC. Prodr. 8: 468, 1828. Cereus speciosus Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: 179. 1894. Not C. speciosus Sweet, 1826. Region of the City of Mexico and elsewhere in central Mexico. Reported from Central America. Stems clambering or hanging, strongly 8 to 5-ribbed; old parts bright green, young parts reddish; ribs strongly undulate; areoles often 3 cm. apart, usually large, with felt and acicular spines; spines numerous, yellow or brownish in age, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; flowers scarlet, 15 to 17 em. long, lasting for several days; perianth segments oblong, 10 to 12 em. long, with rounded, often apicu- late tips; ovary bearing scattered minute scales; fruit ovoid, 4 to 5 em. long. “Santa Marta,” “ xoalacatl” (Ramtrez). 4. Heliocereus amecamensis (Heese) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 129. 1909. Cereus amecamensis Heese; Rother, Prakt. Ratgeb. 11: 442. 1896. Cereus amecaensis Heese, Gartenwelt 1: 317. 1897. Central Mexico; type from Amecameca, State of Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 909 Plant pale green when young, similar to H. speciosus in habit and spines; ribs 3 to 5; flower 11 cm. long, 8 to 12.5 cm. in diameter ; flower tube 3.5 cm. long, 1 cm. in diameter, green, with green scales and whitish bristles; outer pe- rianth segments yellowish green, grading into oblanceolate white inner seg- ments, 7 cm. long, 2 em. wide; ovary cylindric, 6 mm. long. 17. CARNEGIEA Britt. & Rose, Journ, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 187. 1908. A single species is known. 1. Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 188. 1908. Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 159. 1848. Pilocereus engelmannii Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 9: Mise. 97. 1862. Sonora. Southern Arizona and California; type from the Gila River, Ari- zona. Stem simple and upright, up to 12 meters high, or with one or two lateral branches, sometimes with 8 to 12 branches, the branches 30 to 65 cm. in diam- eter: ribs 12 to 24, obtuse, 1 to 3 cm. high; areoles about 2.5 em. apart or nearly contiguous on the upper part of the plant, densely brown-felted ; spines of two kinds, those at the top of flowering plants acicular, yellowish brown, porrect, those of sterile plants and on the lower parts of flowering plants more or less subulate, the central one stouter than the radials, often 7 cm. long; flowers 10 to 12 cm. long, sometimes nearly as broad as long when fully ex- panded; tube about 1.5 cm. long, green, its scales broad and short, white- felted in their axils; throat about 3 cm. long, covered with numerous white stamens; style stout, 5 to 6 cm. long, white or cream-colored; ovary some- what tuberculate, bearing scales with woolly axils; ovules numerous; berry red or purple, obtuse, 6 to 9 cm. long, edible, its few distant scales ovate, 2 to 4 mm. long, with or without 1 to 3 short acicular spines in their axils. “ Pitahaya,” “saguaro,” “sahuaro” (sometimes variously written suwarrow. suwarro, suaharo, suguaro). This is the state flower of Arizona. It is a very abundant and conspicuous plant in the southern part of that State and in northern Sonora.” The dried woody ribs of the stems were used by the Indians for lances and for the frame- work of huts. The fruit was an important article of food. among all the Indians of the region. It was eaten raw or cooked and was sometimes dried and preserved for winter use. From it there was prepared a thick syrup which was employed for sweetening other food, and also an intoxicating beverage. The seeds contain much oil, and by the Papagos they were ground into a paste which was spread like butter upon tortillas. They were also eaten raw or ground and made into pinole. The seeds were sometimes collected and eaten after having passed through the body, a practice that was followed also by some of the Californian Indians in the case of Opuntia seeds. 18. RATHBUNIA Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 169. 1909. Rather slender cacti, simple or bushy, the stems and branches weak, erect or bent; ribs 4 to 8, prominent; spines subulate, those of the flowering areoles not differing from the others; flowers diurnal, scarlet, solitary, usually at the upper areoles, narrowly tubular, the tube bearing distant long scales and 1Qee D. T. MacDougal, The suwarro, or tree eactus. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 129-133. f. 31, 32. 1905. 79688—24 5 910 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. united with it except at the tip, elongate, at first straight, or in age somewhat curved, the limb more or less oblique; perianth segments short, spreading or reflexed ; filaments exserted ; style slender, exserted beyond the tube; stigma lobes narrow; ovary with small seales bearing short felt and sometimes spines in their axils; fruit capped by the withered flower, spiny or becoming smooth, globular; seeds of the typical species black, compressed, minutely pitted, with a large basal oblique hilum. Only two species are known. Ribs 5 to 8; flowers 4 to 10 em. long_______.__... 1. R. alamosensis. Ribs 4: flowers 12 em. long_-_-------- 2. R. kerberi. 1. Rathbunia alamosensis (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 415. 1909. Cereus alamosensis Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 406. 1896. Cereus sonorensis Riinge; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 185. 1901. Cereus pseudosonorensis Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk, 20: 147. 1910. Sonora to Tepic; type from Alamos, Sonora. - ‘olumnar, 2 to 3 meters high, at first erect but generally finally bent or curved, 8 em. thick or less, rooting at or near the tip and thus forming new plants; ribs 5 to 8, obtuse; radial spines 11 to 18, spreading, straight, whitish; centrals 1 to 4, much stouter than the radials, 3 to 5 em. long, porrect or as- cending; flowers scarlet, 4 to 10 cm. long; scales on ovary small, acute or ob- tuse, with a small tuft of felt and a few bristlelike spines in the axils, those on the flower tube with a tuft of felt and sometimes with a spine; tube proper 1.5 cm. long; ovary tuberculate; fruit red, globular, 3 to 4 ecm. in diameter, naked or bearing scattered clusters of 5 or 6 white acicular spines. “Sina,” “ cina.” 2. Rathbunia kerberi (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 415. 1909. Cereus kerberi Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 89. 1897. Cleistocactus kerberi Goss, Bull. Mens. Soc. Nice 44: 33. 1904. Type from Volein de Colima. Columnar, somewhat branched, 2 meters high; ribs 4, compressed; radial spines about 16, subulate; central spines 4, stouter than the radials, 4.5 em. long; flowers 12 cm. long; outer perianth segments linear-lanceolate, rose- colored, reflexed; stamens exserted; scales on the ovary lanate in the axils. 19. LOPHOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909. The genus consists of a single species, 1. Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. Cereus schottii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 288. 1856. Cereus sargentianus Orcutt, Gard. & For. 4: 436. 1891. Cereus palmeri Engelm. ; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 401. 1896. Sonora and Baja California; type collected near Magdalena, Sonora. Southern Arizona. Usually branching only at base, forming large clumps sometimes with as many as 50 or even 100 upright or ascending stems, 1 to 7 meters high; ribs usually 5 to 7, sometimes 9, separated by broad intervals; bristles of the flowering areoles numerous, straight, finely acicular, gray, 6 cm. long or less; flowerless areoles smaller, little felted, with 3 to 7 short subulate spreading radial spines swollen at base and 1 or 2 central ones a little longer STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 911 and stouter; flowers 3 to 4 em. long; style, stigma lobes, and filaments whitish ; fruit 2 to 3 em. in diameter, usually naked, rarely spiny; seeds 2.5 mm. long. “Cina,” “zina,’ “sinita” (Sonora); “hombre viejo,” ‘cabeza de viejo,” ‘“‘p'tahaya barbona,” “ garambullo,” “cabeza vieja” (Baja California). The fruit is edible. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 125, B. 20. MYRTILLOCACTUS Console, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 1: 8, 1897. Large cacti, usually with short trunks and large, much branched tops, the stout few-ribbed branches nearly erect, all the areoles bearing the same kind of spines; flowers diurnal, very small, several, sometimes aS many as 9 at an areole, with very short tube and widely spreading perianth segments ; ovary bearing a few minute scales with tufts of wool in their axils, spineless ; fru‘t small, globular, edible; seed very small, black, with basal hilum. One other species occurs in Guatemala. Young branches very blue; central spine elongate, reflexed, dagger-like. 1. M. geometrizans. Young branches green; central spine not dagger-like. Spines usually 3 to 5, with no definite central spine, or this, if present, very short________-_____----------.-------------------- 2. M. cochal. Spines 6 or more, with definite central spine_--____------ 3. M. schenckii. 1. Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Console, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 1: 10. 1897. Cereus geometrizans Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 90. 1837. Cereus pugioniferus Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 30. 1838. Cereus gladiator Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 34. 1838. San Luis Potos{ to Oaxaca. Treelike, with a short definite trunk crowned by a large, much branched top; branches often a little curved, bluish green, usually 5 or 6-ribbed, 6 to 10 cm. in diameter, very blue when young; ribs 2 to 3 cm. high, rounded; are- oles 2 to 3 cm. apart; radial and central spines very different, almost filling the areoles; radial spines usually 5, rarely 8 or 9, usually short, 2 to 10 mm. long, but sometimes 3 cm. long, more or less turned backward, a little flattened radially but swollen at base; central spine elongate, dagger-shaped, flattened laterally, 1 to 7 cm. long and sometimes 6 mm. broad; flowers appearing from the upper part of the areole, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. broad, the limb 3 to 4 times as long as the tube; perianth segments oblong, 1.5 cm. long; fruit ellipsoid to sub- globose, purplish or bluish, 1 to 2 em. long. ‘“Garambullo” (Durango, Hi- dalgo) ; “Padre Nuestro” (Oaxaca). The fruit is edible and is offered for sale, both fresh and dried, in the markets. 2. Myrtillocactus cochal (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. Cereus cochal Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 6: 29. 1889. Baja California, the type from Bahia de Todos Santos. Plant 1 to 3 meters high, much branched; trunk short, woody, sometimes 30 cm. in diameter; ribs 6 to 8, obtuse, separated by shallow intervals; spines grayish to black; radial spines 5, short; central spines when present 2 cm. long; flowers open night and day, 2.5 cm. long and fully as broad; perianth segments usually 16, light green, the outer ones tinged with purple, oblong ; fruit slightly acid, globular, 12 to 18 mm. in diameter, red. “Cochal.” The fruit is edible, and the stems are used for fuel. 912 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Myrtillocactus schenckii (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. Cereus schenckii Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 38. 1909. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de Mixteca, Puebla. Treelike, 3 to 5 meters high, with a very stout trunk and many short ascend- ing branches, dark green; areoles circular, crowded with black felt, about: 5 mm. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, straight, 5 to 12 mm. long, black or brownish; central spine 1, usually 2 em. long, sometimes 5 em. long; fruit oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, naked; seeds black, pitted. ‘ Vichishovo ” (Conzatti). 21. HYLOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428, 1909. Climbing cacti, often epiphytic, with elongate stems normally 3-angled or 3-winged, and branches emitting aerial roots, the areoles bearing a tuft of felt and several short spines, or spineless in one species; areoles on seedlings and juvenile growths often bearing bristles; flowers very large, nocturnal, funnelform, the limb as broad as long and as long as the tube or longer ; ovary and tube bearing large foliaceous scales but no spines, felt, wool, or hairs; outer perianth segments similar to the scales on the tube but longer ; petaloid perianth segments narrow, acute or acuminate, mostly white, rarely red; stamens very many, in two series, equaling or shorter than the style; style cylindric, rather stout and thick, the linear stigma lobes numerous, simple or branched; fruit spineless but with several or many persistent foliaceous scales, mostly large and edible; seeds small, black. Numerous other species are found in tropical America. Stems bluish or more or less whitened or gray. Spines short, conic..________ w= oe 1. H. purpusii. Spines acicular____--______-- 2. H. ocamponis, Stems bright green___---__--_----_ 3. H. undatus. 1. Hylocereus purpusii (Weing.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 184. 1920. Cereus purpusii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 150. 1909. Lowlands of western Mexico, the type from Tuxpan. Stems bluish, climbing, elongate, epiphytic; ribs 3 or 4, with horny margins only slightly undulate; areoles small; spines 3 to 6, Short; flowers 25 cm. long and nearly as broad when fully expanded: outer perianth segments narrow, purplish; middle perianth segments golden; inner perianth segments broad, white except at the golden tips. 2. Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 429, 1909. Cereus ocamponis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 220. 1850. Perhaps native of Mexico; original locality either Mexico or Colombia; specimens closely related but probably distinct have been collected in Sinaloa. Stems strongly 3-angled, at first bright green, soon glaucous, dull bluish green in age; ribs rather deeply undulate, their margins with a horny brown border; areoles 2 to 4 cm. apart, borne near the bottom of each undulation ; spines 5 to 8, acicular, 5 to 12 mm. long; flowers 25 to 30 em. long and fully as broad; outer perianth segments narrow, long-acuminate, greenish, spreading or reflexed, the inner oblong, acuminate, white; ovary covered with imbricate ovate acute purplish-margined scales. 3. Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose; Britton, Fl. Bermuda 256. 1918. Cereus undatus Haw. Phil. Mag. 7: 110. 1830. Cereus tricostatus Goss. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 664. 1907. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 913 Widely cultivated in Mexico and often naturalized. Native country not known, but widely distributed in cultivation in the tropics; originally de~- scribed from Chinese plants. Stem long, clambering over bushes and trees or creeping up the sides of walls; ribs mostly 3, broad, thin, green; margin usually strongly undulate, more or less horny in age; areoles 3 to 4 cm. apart; spines 1 to 3, small, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers up to 29 cm. long or more; outer perianth segments yellowish green, all turned back, some strongly reflexed; inner perianth seg- ments pure white, erect, broad, oblanceolate, entire, with apiculate tips; fruit oblong, 10 to 12 cm. in diameter, red, covered with large foliaceous scales, or nearly smooth when mature; seeds black. “ Pitahaya” (Jalisco, Yucatan, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Porto Rico); “ pitahaya orejona” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “tasajo” (Durango, Patoni); ‘“ junco,” “ juco tapatio” (Conzatti); “ cha- coub,” “zacoub” (Yucatan) ; “ caliz” (Philippines). This species has often been reported from Mexico as Cereus triangularis (a species known only from Jamaica) and as C. trigonus. The large fruit is of excellent quality and is much eaten. Grosourdy reports that the juice of the stems is acrid and caustic and is employed externally and internally as a vermicide, although internal use is dangerous. The plant is the best known of all the night-blooming cereuses, and produces very showy flowers. 22. SELENICEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 429, 1909. Slender, trailing, climbing or clambering, elongate cacti, the joints ribbed or angled, irregularly giving off aerial roots; areoles small, sometimes elevated on small knobs, bearing small spines or in one species spineless; flowers large, _often very large, nocturnal; flower tube elongate, somewhat curved; scales of ovary and flower tube small, usually with long felt, hairs, and bris- tles in their axils; upper scales and outer perianth segments similar, nar- row, greenish, brownish, or orange; inner perianth segments broad, white, usually entire; filaments elongate, weak, numerous, in two clusters distinctly separated, one cluster forming a circle at top of flower tube, the other scattered over the long slender throat; style elongate, thick, often hollow; stigma lobes slender, numerous, entire; fruit large, reddish, covered with clusters of decid- uous spines, bristles, and, hairs. Several other species occur in tropical America. Areoles of flower tube and ovary without long hairs. Spines of the branch areoles acicular__- - _.%. S. vagans. Spines of the branch areoles short, conic. Ribs 7 or 8, obtuse; spines from areoles on ovary 1 to 3_-__8. S. murrillii. Ribs 4 to 6, acute; spines from areoles on ovary 10 or more. 9. S. spinulosus. Areoles of flower tube and ovary bearing long hairs. Branches with a stout deflexed spur under each areole____6. S. hamatus. Branches not spurred. Spines of branch areoles acicular. Hairs of flower areoles tawny or whitish ___--------- 1. S. grandiflorus. Hairs of flower areoles bright white____-------------- 2. S. coniflorus. Spines of branch areoles short, conic. Branches 9 or 10-ribbed; branch areoles with many appressed hairs. 8. S. donkelaarii, Branches 4 to 6-ribbed; young branch areoles with few long hairs. Stems stout, 3 to 5 em. thick _-_------------------ 4. S. pteranthus. Stems slender, 1.5 to 3 cm. thick---------------- 5. S. boeckmannii. 914 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 430. 1909. Cactus grandiflorus 1. Sp. Pl. 467. 1753. Cereus grandiflorus Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cereus no. 11. 1768. Commonly cultivated in Mexico, and elsewhere in tropical regions. Native of Jamaica and Cuba. Stems clambering, often 2.5 cm. in diameter, green or bluish green; ribs usually 7 or 8, sometimes fewer, low, separated by broad rounded intervals; spines acicular, 1 cm. long or less, yellowish brown or brownish, in age gray, intermixed with the numerous whitish hairs; flower buds covered with tawny hairs; flowers about 18 cm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, salmon- colored; inner perianth segments white, acute, entire; fruit ovoid, 8 em. long. “Organillo ” (Tamaulipas) ; “reina de la noche ”; “gigante” (Durango) ; “reina de las flores” (Porto Rico). This is a well-known night-blooming cereus, often cultivated for its hand- some fragrant flowers. The fruit is edible. The flowers and stems contain Several acrid principles, including probably an alkaloid and a glucoside, to one of which the name cactine has been given. The drug obtained from the plant has an action similar to that of digitalis, and is used also in the treat- ment of rheumatism. 2. Selenicereus coniflorus (Weing.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 199. 1909. Cereus coniflorus Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 118. 1904. Selenicereus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 431. 1909. Cereus jalapensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 26. 1913. Kastern Mexico, especially in Veracruz. Stems high-climbing, giving off numerous aerial roots, pale green, becoming purplish along the ribs, 5 or 6-ribbed: intervals between the ribs either de- pressed or shallow; margins of the ribs slightly wavy to strongly knobby ; spines acicular, pale yellow, the radials 4 to 6, with 1 central, porrect, 1 to 1.5 em. long; bristles from the lower part of areoles 2, reflexed; buds globular, covered with white hairs; flowers 22 to 25 em. long; outer perianth segments linear, light orange or bronze to lemon-yellow; inner perianth segments pure white, apiculate; scales on ovary and flower tube linear, reddish, their axils bearing white hairs and spines: fruit globose, about 6 em. in diameter. The plant is reported to have been gathered in large quantities in Veracruz and shipped to the United States for use in the preparation of medicine. 3. Selenicereus donkelaarii (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 200. 1920. Cereus donkelaarii Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 13: 355. 1845. Yucatan. Stems elongate, creeping or ascending, 8 meters long or more, slender, about 1 cm. thick; ribs 9 to 10, obtuse, often indistinct ; spines in clusters of 10 to 15, the radials 3 to 4 mm. long, setaceous, appressed; central spines 1 or several, 1 to 2 mm. long; flowers 18 em. long, the slender tube 6 to 7 cm. long; outer perianth segments reddish, linear; inner perianth segments white, entire, 6 to 8 em. long, about 1 em. wide, acuminate. 4. Selenicereus pteranthus (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 481. 1909. Cereus pteranthus Link & Otto, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 209. 1834. Cereus nycticallus Link: Dietr. Wochenschr. Ver. Befird. Gartenb. 10: 372. 1834. Cereus brevispinulus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 339, 1834. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 915 Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants or from plants escaped from gardens. Stems stout, often 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, bluish green to purple, strongly 4 to 6-angled; ribs of young branches sometimes 2 to 3 mm. high; spines 1 to 4, 1 to 3 mm. long, dark, conic; flowers 25 to 30 em. long, very fragrant, the tube and throat 13 cm. long, swollen above, 5 em. in diameter; outer perianth seg- ments linear, 12 cm. long; inner perianth segments white, spatulate-oblong, 3 to 4 cm. broad above, acuminate; tube proper about 2 em. long, yellow within ; ovary covered with long white silky hairs and bristles, 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit globular, red, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter. 5. Selenicereus boeckmannii (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 429. 1909. Cereus boeckmannii Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 217. 1850. Cereus irradians Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem, 11: Misc. 74. 1864. Cereus vaupelii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakateenk. 22: 106. 1912. Eastern Mexico. Cuba and Hispaniola. Stems light green, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, strongly angled; ribs 3 to 8, slightly if at all undulating; areoles at first brownish but white in age; spines and hairs in the areoles at first purplish, the spines 3 to 6, becoming yellowish, 2 mm. long or less; flowers not fragrant, 24 to 39 cm. long; outer perianth segments and scales linear, brownish; inner perianth segments oblanceolate, 10 em. long by 3 cm. broad at widest place, pure white; tube and throat 14 cm. long, bearing scattered short linear acute reddish scales, their axils bear- ing long brown silky hairs and brown bristles; ovary strongly tuberculate ; fruit globular, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter. 8. Selenicereus hamatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 203. 1909. Cereus hamatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 871. 1887. Cereus rostratus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 29. 1838. Southern and eastern Mexico. Stem bright green, long and clambering, the branches strongly 4-angled, rarely 3-angled, about 1.5 cm. thick; areoles with spines and black wool, re- mote, at the upper edges of knobby projections, these often forming obtuse deflexed spurs about 1 cm. long; spines on juvenile plants bristle-like, white, on old branches fewer, stouter, brown or black; flower 20 to 25 cm. long; upper scales dark green, tinged with red; outer perianth segments pale green, nar- row, about 8 cm. long; inner perianth segments proad, white; flower tube 10 cm. long, 22 mm. in diameter, its areoles long-hairy. 7, Selenicereus vagans (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 205. 1920. Cereus vagans K. Brandeg. Zoe 5:.191. 1904. Cereus longicaudatus Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 384. 1904. Western coast of Mexico; type from Mazatlin, Sinaloa. Stems creeping over rocks, often forming large clumps, more or less rooting, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; ribs about 10, low; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; spines acicular, numerous, less than 1 cm, long, brownish yellow ; flower 15 cm. long; tube, including throat, about 9 em. long, slightly curved, brownish, with small scattered scales bearing clusters of 5 to 8 acicular spines in their axils; throat narrow, 5 cm. long; outer perianth segments linear, brownish to greenish white, 6 cm. long; inner perianth segments white, oblanceolate, 6 cm. long, with short acuminate tips, the margins undulate or toothed, especially above; ovary covered with acicular spines. 916 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Selenicereus murrillii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 206. 1920. Type from Colima. A slender vine 6 meters long or more, 8 mm. in diameter, dark green, the ribs more or less purplish; ribs 7 or 8, low, obtuse, separated by broad inter- vals; areoles 1 to 2 cm. apart, small, bearing white wool and minute spines; spines 5 or 6, the two lower ones reflexed, 1 to 2 cm. long, the others conic, greenish to black; flower 15 em. long, the tube and throat 6 em. long, bearing a few slightly elevated areoles, these white-felted and bearing 1 or 2 minute spines; outer perianth segments greenish yellow, linear to linear- lanceolate, acute, the inner pure white, broadly spatulate, obtuse; ovary bear- ing numerous rather large areoles, these white-felted and with 1 to 8 short spines but no long hairs, 9. Selenicereus spinulosus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 431. 1909. Cereus spinulosus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828. Tamaulipas and elsewhere in eastern Mexico. Southern Texas. Stems clambering, 2 to 4 meters long, 1 to 2 em. in diameter, producing humerous aerial roots, light green, somewhat shining, usually angled but sometimes nearly terete; ribs 4 to 6, or sometimes more; spines very short, yellowish or becoming blackish ; radial spines 5 or 6, with 2 reflexed bristles: at base of the areole; central spine 1, rarely 2, on juvenile branches more numerous and more acicular, white; flower 12 to 14 cm. long; tube about 5 cm. long, with a few clusters of small spines; outer perianth segments narrowly oblong, 5 to 6 cm. long, acute, spreading; inner perianth segments pinkish to white, narrowly oblong, acute: ovary covered with clusters of spines similar to those on the tube. 23. DEAMIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 212. 1920, The genus consists of a single species. 1. Deamia testudo (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 213. 1920. Cereus testudo Karw.:; Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 682. 1837, Cereus pterogonus Lem. Cact. Hort. Monvy. 59. 1839. Cereus pentapterus Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 221. 1850. Cereus miravallensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 459. 1902. Veracruz and elsewhere in southern Mexico. Central America and Colombia. Stems and joints various, 3 to 10 cm. broad, or perhaps even more; ribs thin, winglike, 1 to 3 em. high; areoles 1 to 2 em. apart or on juvenile growth much closer; spines spreading, 10 or more, 1 to 2 cm. long, brownish; flowers 28 em. long, with a long slender tube 10 cm. long expanding into a broad throat nearly as long as the tube; inner perianth segments linear- oblong, acuminate, 8 to 10 em. long; stamens numerous; style slender, 24 to 25 em. long; stigma lobes linear, numerous; scales on ovary 1 mm. long or less; hairs on ovary and flower tube brown, 1 to 3 em. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CEREUS ACANTHOSPHAERA Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 81. 1914. Type from Rio de Santa Maria, Veracruz. Perhaps a species of Deamia. 24. APOROCACTUS Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 7: Misc. 67. 1860. Slender vinelike cacti, creeping or clambering, sending out aerial roots freely, day-blooming; flowers rather small, one at an areole, funnelform, pink to red, the tube nearly straight, or bent just above the ovary, the limb some- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 917 what oblique; outer perianth segments linear, spreading or recurved, scat- tered; inner perianth segments broad, more compact than the outer ones; stamens exserted, in a single, somewhat 1-sided cluster; filaments all along the throat; tube proper about the length of the narrow throat; fruit globose, small, reddish, setose; seeds few, reddish brown, obovate. The species here listed are the only ones known. Flowers strongly bent just above the ovary. Branches very slender; ribs 7 or 8------------------------ 1. A. leptophis. Branches stouter; ribs 10 to 12. . Outer perianth segments narrow, the inner ones apiculate. 2. A. flagelliformis. Outer perianth segments oblong, the inner ones acuminate. 3. A. flagriformis. Flowers nearly straight. Inner perianth segments acute_-~-—----------------------—- 4, A. conzattii. Inner perianth segments acuminate__--~----------------- 5. A. martianus. 1. Aporocactus leptophis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. Cereus leptophis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828. Native of Mexico. Often creeping; branches cylindric, 8 to 10 mm. thick, rather strongly 7 or 8-ribbed; ribs obtuse, somewhat repand; areoles velvety, with 12 or 13 rigid setaceous spines ; perianth segments narrowly oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide. 2. Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 7: Misc. 68. 1860. Cactus flagelliformis L. Sp. Pl. 467. 1753. Cereus flagelliformis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cereus no. 12. 1768. Common in cultivation in Mexico, and elsewhere in tropical regions; native habitat not known. Stems at first ascending or erect, but weak and slender or pendent, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter; branches often prostrate and creeping or even pendent; ribs 10 to 12, low and inconspicuous, a little tuberculate; areoles 6 to 8 mm. apart; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, reddish brown; central spines 3 or 4, brownish with yellow tips; flowers 7 to 8 em. long, opening for 3 or 4 days, crimson ; outer perianth segments narrow, more or less reflexed; inner perianth seg- ments broader, only slightly spreading ; fruit globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, red, bristly; pulp yellowish. “Wor del cuerno,” “ floricuerno,” “flor del latigo,” hierba de la alferecfa,” ‘“ junco,” “ junquillo,” “cuerno.” This plant is much cultivated in Mexico, and also in the United States, where it is known as rat-tail cactus. An infusion of the dried flowers is employed in Mexico for heart affections. The juice of the plant is said to be acrid and caustic. It is administered internally as a vermifuge, but its use is said to be dangerous. 8. Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc.) Lem.; Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. Cereus flagriformis Zuce. ; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 111. 1837. Native of Mexico, the type from San José del Oro, Oaxaca. At first erect and rather stout, afterwards creeping, very much branched ; branches green, 10 to 24 mm. in diameter; ribs 11, very low, obtuse, somewhat tuberculate; areoles small, 4 to 6 mm. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, 4 mm. long, acicular, horn-colored; central spines 4 or 5, shorter than the radials but 79688—24—6 918 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. stouter, brown; flowers dark crimson, 10 cm. long, 7.5 cm. broad or more; flower tube 8 cm. long or more; perianth segments in 3 Series, the series well sepa- rated; inner perianth Segments oblong, 10 mm. broad, acuminate; stamens red, erect, exserted. 4. Aporocactus conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220, 19920. Type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca. Creeping, clambering, or hanging from a support, developing aerial roots here and there; stems 12 to 25 mm. in diameter; ribs 8 to 10, rather prominent, low- tuberculate; areoles 3 to 4 mm. apart; spines 15 to 20, acicular, light brown, unequal, the longest 12 mm. long; buds nearly erect, covered with brown aci- cular spines or bristles; flowers 8 to 9 cm. long; tube nearly straight, red, bearing a few ovate Scales, their axils short-woolly and with a few bristle-like spines; upper inner perianth segments arching forward, the lower ones some- what reflexed, all narrow, 6 to 7 mm. broad, acute, brick-red; tube proper 2 to 2.5 cm. long; throat about 1 em. long, narrow, bearing stamens all over its surface. 5. Aporocactus martianus (Zuce.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220, 1920. Cereus martianus Zuce. Flora 15?: Beibl. 66. 1832. Hriocereus martianus Riccobono, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 240, 1909. Central Mexico, Stems rather stout, somewhat branched, 15 to 18 mm. in diameter; ribs about 8, low, obtuse; areoles 12 mm. apart; spines 6 to 8, acicular to bristle- like; flowers a deep rose, 8 to 10 cm. long; outer perianth Segments narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; perianth segments similar but long-acuminate;: fruit globular, 2 em, in diameter, greenish, spiny. 25. ECHINOCEREUS Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex, 91. 1848. Plants always low, perennial, erect or prostrate, sometimes pendent over rocks and cliffs, single or cespitose, globular to cylindric, prostrate or pendent if elongate; spines of flowering and sterile areoles similar; flowers usually large, in some Species small, diurnal, in some not closing at night; perianth campanulate to short-funnelform, Scarlet, crimson, purple, or rarely yellow, the tube and ovary always spiny; stigma lobes always green; fruit more or less colored, thin-skinned, spiny, the spines easily detached when mature; seeds black, tuberculate. Besides the species listed here, several others occur in the southwestern United States. The fruit of most of the species is edible and often of superior quality. Flowers small, 1.2 em. long or less___-.---e 45. E. barthelowanus. Flowers large, usually conspicuous, rarely only 2 to 3 em. long. Stems covered with long weak bristles or hairs_.--- 1. E. delaetii, Stems covered with spines, or rarely spineless. Flowers scarlet to salmon-colored, opening once but lasting for several days. Stems usually weak, often trailing or at least becoming prostrate; ribs: nearly continuous. Flowers rosy red------ 2. E. scheeri. Flowers orange-red to salmon-colored. Flowers 8 to 11 em. long; wool from areoles on flower tube long. Flowers 8 to 10 cm. long; radial spines 9 or fewer. 3. E. salm-dyckianus. Flowers 11 em. long; radial spines 10 to 12__4. E. huitcholensis. Flowers 6 cm. long or less: wool from areoles on flowers shorter than the subtending scales... ---5. E. pensilis, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 919 Stems usually erect and stout; ribs more or less tuberculate. Plants forming large mounds, sometimes with 500 to 800 joints; spines white, long and flexuous___------------------- 6. E. mojavensis. Plants in much smaller clusters; spines brownish or grayish, not long and flexuous. Plant body with 12 to 14 ribs_.--------_-------~-- 7. E. leeanus. Plant body with 5 to 11 ribs (in one species 12). Axils of flower scales filled with long cobwebby hairs. Flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; spines yellowish at first. . 8. E. polyacanthus. Flowers 3 em. long; spines reddish at first-___9. E. pacificus. Axils of flower scales bearing short hairs. Stems elongate and thin_-__.__----_--___----__---- 10. E. acifer, Stems short and thick__- ~--------------+- 11. E. rosei. Flowers usually purple, sometimes yellow or greenish yellow, rarely pink or nearly white, broad, rotate to campanulate, opening in sunlight, closing at night. Flowers yellow or greenish white. Plants densely cespitose____.._.___-------------- 12. E. maritimus. Plants usually solitary. Ribs very stout. Ribs 5 to 8; spines on flower tube and ovary short. 13. E. subinermis. Ribs 8 or 9; spines on flower tube and ovary acicular. 14. E. luteus. Ribs low, usually hidden by the spines. Flowers 2.5 em. long or less___------------- 15. E. chloranthus, Flowers 5 to 10 cm. long. Flowers greenish white ____-~—~--------- ____16. E. grandis. Flowers yellow-red. Central spines in more than one row__17. E. dasyacanthus. Central spines in one vertical row__---~~- 18. E. ctenoides. Flowers purple. Stems weak, slender, and creeping. Stems 2 cm..thick or less. Areoles distant; spines not interlocking. Perianth segments narrowly oblong or linear-oblanceolate. 19. E. blanckii. Perianth segments oblong-erose_.—~—----- 20. E. pentalophus. Areoles approximate; spines densely interlocking__21. E. sciurus. Stems 8 to 4 em. thick__---------------------- 22, EB. cinerascens. Stems stout, usually erect or ascending. Areoles elliptic to circular, closely set, often with pectinate spines. Areoles circular; spines not pectinate. Areoles about 5 mm. apart; spines densely interlocking. 28. EB, scopulorum. Areoles about 1 cm. apart; spines scarcely interlocking. 29. E. roetteri. Areoles elliptic; spines pectinate. Central spine often very long---~-----~------- 28. E. adustus. Central spine, if present, short. Spines of ovary and flower tube slender and weak, the sur- rounding hairs long and cobwebby__24. E, reichenkachii. 920 | CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Spines of ovary and flower tube short and stout, the sur- rounding hairs short. Central spines none. Stems cylindric___.--._--___ 25. E. rigidissimus. Stems globular__...---- 26. E. weinbergii. . Central spines present___.....__ | 27, E. pectinatus. Areoles nearly circular, not so closely set; spines never pectinate. Ovary strongly tuberculate___..__ | 30. E. chlorophthalmus. Ovary not strongly tuberculate. Flowers small, 2.5 to 5 em. long. ‘ Plants strongly angled; flowers pinkish__31. E. knippelianus, Plants not strongly angled; flowers purple. ‘entral spines none, Spines 3 to 5; flower tube and ovary without long wool from the areoles___...._-_-_-_ 32. E. pulchellus, Spines 6 to 8; flower tube and ovary bearing long cob- webby wool from the areoles________ 33. E. amoenus. Central spines 1 or more. Central spine one_.------ 34. E. palmeri. Central spines several, much elongate, dagger-like. 35. E. brandegeei. Flowers large, 6 to 12 em. long. Central spines none_._------ 36. E, hempelii. Central spines present. Central spine solitary, rarely 2. Spines red at base_....--- 37. E. merkeri. Spines not red at base. Plants stout, erect_.....-- = = 38. E. fendleri. Plants weak, becoming prostrate_89. E. enneacanthus. Central spines several. Spines not white. Spines yellowish brown to red____40, E. engelmannii, Spines bluish to blackish... 41, E. sarissophorus. Spines usually white or straw-colored. Ribs 7 to 9---2--eee 42. E. dubius. Ribs 11 to 13. Flowers campanulate________ 43. E. conglomeratus. Flowers short-funnelform________ 44, E. stramineus. 1. Echinocereus delaetii Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 131. 1909. Cephalocereus delaectii Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 116. 1909. Known only from the Sierra de Paila, north of Parras, Coahuila. Low, 10 to 20 em. high, densely cespitose, completely hidden by the long white curled hairs; ribs indistinct: areoles closely set, bearing 15 or more white reflexed hairs 8 to 10 em. long and a few stiff reddish bristles; flowers appearing near the top of plant; perianth segments pink, oblanceolate, acute; ovary covered with clusters of long white bristly spines. In appearance this resembles small plants of Cephalocereus senilis. 2. Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 801. 1885. Cereus scheeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 190. 1850. Chihuahua, the type collected near the City of Chihuahua. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 921 Cespitose; stems procumbent, prostrate or ascending, decidedly narrowed toward the tip, 10 to 22 cm. long, yellowish green ; ribs 8 to 10, rather low, not at all sinuate, somewhat spiraled; spines 7 to 12, acicular, white with brown or blackish tips; flowers 12 cm. long, rose-red to crimson, with an elongate tube; perianth segments oblanceolate, acute. 3. Echinocereus salm-dyckianus Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 291. 1856. Cereus salm-dyckianus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 545. 1880. Echinocereus salmianus Riimpler; First. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 809. 1885. Cereus salmianus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 279. 1894. Chihuahua and Durango; type collected near the City of Chihuahua. Cespitose; stems more or less decumbent, 2 to 4 em. in diameter, elongate, yellowish green; ribs 7 to 9, low, more or less sinuate; radial spines 8 or 9, acicular, yellowish, about 1 cm. long; central spine solitary, porrect, a little longer than the radials; flowers orange-colored, 8 to 10 cm. long, narrow, the tube elongate, the areoles of the flower tube and ovary bearing white bristly spines and cobwebby hairs; perianth segments oblanceolate to spatulate. 4. Echinocereus huitcholensis (Weber) Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 23. 1906. Cereus huitcholensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 383. 1904. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco. Plants 4 to 6 em. in diameter; radial spines 10 to 12; central spine usually solitary ; flowers 11 cm. long, or less, narrow, with a pronounced tube; color of perianth segments uncertain but perhaps orange; spines on ovary and tube weak, acicular; areoles of flower tube bearing long cobwebby hairs. 5. Echinocereus pensilis (K. Brandeg.) Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 5. 1908. Cereus pensilis K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 192. 1904. Cape Region of Baja California, the type from Sierra de la Laguna. More or less cespitose, the stems often erect, 30 cm. high or when growing on cliffs hanging and then nearly 2 meters long, 3 to 4 em. in diameter; ribs 8 to 10, low; areoles about 10 mm. apart; spines needle-like, at first yellow, becoming reddish gray, the longest not over 2 cm. long; radial spines about 8; central spine 1; flowers orange-red, narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long; areoles on ovary and tube bearing short, yellow or white wool and chestnut-colored bristly spines; fruit globular, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; seeds black, rugose, very oblique at base. 6. Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelm. & Bigel.) Riimpler; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 803. 1885. Cereus mojavensis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 281. 1856. Cereus bigelovii Engelm. U. S. Rep. Miss. Pacif. 4: pl. 4, f. 8. 1856. Reported from Sonora. Southwestern United States, the type from the Mojave River, California. Cespitose, growing in massive clumps, often forming mounds, with hundreds of stems (500 to 800 have been recorded) ; stems globose to oblong, 5 to 20 cm. long, pale green; ribs 8 to 13, 5 to 6 mm. high, but becoming indistinct on old parts of stem, somewhat undulate ; areoles circular, about 1 cm. apart; spines all white, or in age gray; radial spines about 10, acicular, spreading, curved, 1 to 2.5 em. long; central spine subulate, porrect or somewhat spreading, often weak, 3 to 5 cm. long; flowers rather narrow, 5 to 7 em. long, crimson ; perianth segments broad, obtuse or even retuse; areoles on ovary with white felt and short acicular spines; fruit oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 922 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ‘ 7. Echinocereus leeanus (Hook.) Lem.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 828. 1885. Cereus leeanus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 75: pl. 4417. 1849, Hehinocereus multicostatus Cels; First. Handb. Cact. ed, 2. 828. 1885. Native of Mexico, but the range unknown. Plant erect, about 30 em. high, 10 em. thick at base, tapering gradually to- ward the top, simple so far as known; ribs 12 to 14, acute, bearing rather closely set areoles; spines about 12, acicular, very unequal in length, the cen- tral and longest about 2.5 cm. long; flowers brick-red, 5 to 6 em. long; inner perianth segments somewhat Spreading, spatulate to obovate, 3 cm. long, acute. 8. Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848. Cereus polyacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849. Chihuahua and Durango; type from Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua. Arizona. Cespitose, forming clumps of 20 to 50 stems, pale green but often tinged with red; ribs usually 10, low; areoles approximate; spines gray when old, at first pale yellow, becoming more or less purplish ; radial spines about 12; centrals 4, straight, elongate; flowers crimson, 6 em. long; spines on ovary and flower tube yellow, intermixed with cobwebby wool. “ Pitahaya.” 9. Echinocereus pacificus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 83: 12. 1922. Cereus phoeniceus pacificus Engelm. West Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886. Cereus pacificus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 397. 1896. Northern Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos. Cespitose, growing in clumps 380 to 60 em. in diameter, sometimes con- taining 100 stems, these 15 to 25 em. long, 5 to 6 ecm. in diameter; ribs 10 to 12, obtuse; spines gray, with a reddish tinge; radial spines 10 to 12, 5 to 10 mm. long; central spines 4 to 5, the longest Sometimes 25 mm. long; flowers deep red, rather small, about 3 cm. long; areoles on Ovary and flower tube bearing long tawny wool and reddish brown bristly spines; fruit spiny. . 10. Echinocereus acifer (Otto) Lem.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 798, 1885. Cereus acifer Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 189. 1850. Echinocereus durangensis Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 799. 1885. Reported from Durango and Coahuila. Cespitose, glossy green, erect; ribs 10, strongly tubercled; radial spines 5 to 10, 10 to 16 mm. long, pale brownish, bulbose and purplish at base ; centrals 4, stout, purplish brown, the three upper erect, the lower and stouter one subdeflexed; flowers scarlet. 11. Echinocereus rosei Woot. & Stand. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 457. 1915. Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from Agricul- tural College, New Mexico. Cespitose, forming small compact clumps, the stems 10 to 20 em. long, 5 to 8 cm. in diameter, sometimes as many as 40; ribs 8 to 11, obtuse; areoles rather closely set; spines pinkish to brownish gray; radial spines about 10, spreading; centrals 4, 4 to 6 em. long; flowers 4 to 6 cm. long, scarlet; inner perianth segments broad, obtuse; spines on ovary and flower tube brownish or yellowish, intermixed with short hairs; fruit spiny. 12. Echinocereus maritimus (Jones) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 273. 1898. Cereus maritimus Jones, Amer. Nat. 17: 973. 1883. Cereus flaviflorus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 391. 1896. Echinocereus flavifiorus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 274. 1898. West coast of Baja California; type from Ensenada. Decidedly cespitose, often forming clumps 60 to 90 cm. broad and 30 cm. high, sometimes containing 200 joints; individual joints globose to short-cyl- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 923 indric, 5 to 16 cm. long; ribs 8 to 10; areoles 10 to 12 mm. apart; radial spines about 10, spreading; central spines 4, stout and angled, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers 3 to 4 cm. long, arising from near the top of the plant, light yellow; in- ner perianth segments oblanceolate, rounded at apex; ovary not very spiny. 13. Echinocereus subinermis Salm-Dyck in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 291. 1856. Cereus subinermis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 546. 1880. Northern Mexico; type collected near Chihuahua. At first simple, 10 to 12 em. high, afterwards a little branching at base, when young pale green, afterwards bluish and finally darker green, erect ; ribs 5 to 8, broad, somewhat sinuate; spines all radial, small, conic, 1 to 2 mm. long, yellow, 3 or 4, deciduous; flowers 5 to 7 cm. long, yellow; perianth seg- ments oblanceolate, acute; spines of areoles on ovary and flower tube short, white. 14. Echinocereus luteus Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 239. 1913. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora. Stem short to elongate, sometimes branching near base, bluish green, more or less purplish, 8 or 9-ribbed; ribs rather thin, barely undulate, rounded; are- oles small, 10 to 12 mm. apart; spines small, the radials 6 to 8, unequal, 2 to 8 mm. long, widely spreading, white with darker tips; central spine single, porrect ; areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing white wool and light-colored spines with dark tips; flowers pale yellow, sweet-scented, 7 em. long; outer perianth segments streaked with red; inner perianth segments lemon-yellow, oblanceolate, acute. 15. Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 814. 1885. Cereus chloranthus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 278. 1856. Northern Mexico. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El Paso. Cylindric, usually simple, 8 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter; ribs about 13, often nearly hidden by the densely set spines; areoles nearly cir- cular; radial spines several, spreading; centrals 3 or 4, not angled, in a ver- tical row, one much more elongate than the others, 2 to 3 em. long; flowers yellowish green, 2 cm. long; fruit nearly globular, 5 to 10 cm. long, dark purplish red, covered with small bristly spines; seeds black, dull, pitted, the hilum nearly basal, round. 16. Echinocereus grandis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 18. 1922. Islands of Baja California; type from San Esteban Island. Stems usually single or in small clusters, subeylindric, 10 to 40 em. high, 8 to 12 em. in diameter; ribs 21 to 25, low; areoles large, longer than broad, about 1 cm. apart; spines dull white or cream-colored, rather short and stiff, the radials 15 to 25, the centrals 8 to 12, often in 2 rows; flower 5 to 6 cm. long, unusually narrow, with a short limb; ovary and flower tube densely clothed with clusters of pale straw-colored spines intermixed with white hairs; outer perianth segments white, with a green medial line, inner ones narrow, 1.5 em. long, white with green bases; fruit densely spiny. 17. Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848. ° Cereus dasyacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849. Echinocereus spinosissimus Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 162. 1899. Echinocereus rubescens Dams, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 92. 1905. Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El Paso. 994 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Plants usually simple, cylindric, 10 to 30 em. high, very spiny; ribs 15 to 21, 2 to 8 em. high; areoles 3 to 5 mm. apart, short-elliptic; radial spines 16 to 24, more or less spreading, 1.5 em. long or less, at first pinkish but gray in age; central spines 3 to 8, a little stouter than the radials, never in a single row ; flowers from near the apex, often 10 cm. long, yellowish, or drying red- dish; outer perianth segments linear-oblong, 4 to 5 em. long, acute, inner ones oblong, 5 em, long; ovary very spiny; fruit nearly globular, 2.5 to 3.5 em. in diameter, purplish, edible. 18. Echinocereus ctenoides (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2, 819, 1885, Cereus ctenoides Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 279. 1856. Chihuahua. Texas, the type from Eagle Pass. So far as known simple, cylindric, elongate, 10 to 40 em. long, 8 to 10 em. in diameter, decidedly banded with pink and gray as in the rainbow cactus; ribs 15 to 17, low; areoles crowded together, short-elliptic; radial spines often as many as 20, not spreading but standing out at an angle to the ribs; central spines 8 to 10, arranged in a single row or sometimes a little irregular; flowers up to 10 cm. long, about as wide as long when fully expanded, bright to red- dish yellow; ovary and fruit very spiny. 19. Echinocereus blanckii (Poselger) Palmer, Rey. Hort. 86: 92. 1865. Cereus blanckii Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 134. 1853. Cereus berlandieri Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 286. 1856. Echinocereus poselgerianus Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 239. 1857, Echinocereus leonensis Mathsson, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 66. 1891. Northeastern Mexico; type from Camargo, Tamaulipas. Southern Texas. Procumbent; joints slender, 38 to 15 em. long, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter ; ribs 5 to 7, Strongly tuberculate, or when turgid scarcely tubercled; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, 8 to 10 mm. long, white; central spine solitary, 10 to 50 mm. long, brownish to black ; flowers purple, 5 to 8 em. long; perianth segments narrow, oblanceolate, acute. “ Alicoche ” (Tamaulipas). 20. Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 774. 1885. Cereus pentalophus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828, Cereus propinquus DC.; Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 1: 366. 1833. Echinocereus leptacanthus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 260. 1898. Eastern Mexico. Southern Texas. Procumbent, with ascending branches, deep green; ribs 4 to 6, somewhat undulate, bearing low tubercles; radial Spines 4 or 5, very short, white with brown tips; central spine 1, rarely wanting; flowers reddish violet, 7 to 12 cm. long; perianth Segments broad, rounded at apex; scales on the ovary and flower tube bearing long cobwebby hairs and brownish spines. 21. Echinocereus sciurus (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 22, 1922. Cereus sciurus K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 192. 1904. Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Densely cespitose, with many individuals forming clumps sometimes 60 cm. broad; stems slender, often 20 cm. long, often nearly hidden by the many spines; ribs 12 to 17, low, divided into numerous tubercles 5 to 6 mm. apart; areoles small, approximate, circular, at first woolly, becoming naked; radial spines 15 to 18, sometimes 15 mm. long, slender, pale except the brownish tips; centrals usually several, shorter than the radials; flowers described as 7 em. long, about 9 em. broad when fully open; inner perianth Segments in 2 to 4 rows, bright magenta: seeds 1 mm. long, tuberculate. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 925 22. Echinocereus cinerascens(DC.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 786. 1885. Cereus cinerascens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828. Cereus deppei Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 388. 1834. Echinocereus cirrhiferus Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 778. 1885. Echinocereus glycimorphus Riimpler; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 800. 1885. Central Mexico. Growing in patches 60 to 120 cm. broad, branching at base, the stems as- cending to about 30 cm.; ribs about 12, not very prominent, obtuse; areoles rather scattered, orbicular; spines white or pale, straight, rough, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; radials about 10; centrals 3 or 4; flowers 6 to 8 cm. long, the tube very short; scales on ovary and tube small, acute, their axils crowded with short white wool and 6 to 8 long white bristles; inner perianth segments, when dry, deep purple, 3 to 4 cm. long, obtuse. 23. Echinocereus adustus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848. Echinocereus rufispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848. Echinocereus radians Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848. Cereus adustus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849. Chihuahua; type from Cosihuiriachi. Simple, short-cylindric, often only 4 to 6 em. high; ribs 18 to 15; areoles closely set, elliptic; radial spines 16 to 20, appressed-pectinate, pale, the central spines wanting or solitary, sometimes elongate and porrect; flowers purplish, 3 to 4 cm. long; inner perianth segments narrow; ovary and calyx tube covered with clusters of short brown spines and long wool. 24. Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage; Ind, Kew. 2: 818. 1893. Echinocactus reichenbachit Terscheck; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 320. 1843. Cereus caespitosus Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 247. 1845. Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 110. 1848. Cereus reichenbachianus Labouret, Monogr. Cact. $18. 1853. Echinocereus rotatus Linke, Wochenschr. Giirtn, Pflanz. 1: 85. 1858, Northern Mexico. Texas. More or less cespitose ; stems simple, globose to short-cylindric, 2.5 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 9 cm. in diameter; ribs 12 to 19: areoles approximate, elliptic; spines 20 to 30, white to brown, pectinate, interlocking, 5 to 8 mm. long, spreading, more or less recurved; centrals 1 or 2, like the radials, or often wanting; flowers often 6 to 7 cm. long and fully as broad, light purple; perianth segments narrow, the margin more or less erose; fruit ovoid, about 1 cm. long; seeds black. 25. Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909. Cereus pectinatus rigidissimus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 279. 1856. Sonora. Southern Arizona. Plants simple, erect, rigid, short-cylindric, 10 to 20 em. high, 4 to 10 cm. in diameter, usually hidden by the closely set interlocking spines; ribs 18 to 22, low; areoles approximate, elliptic, 5 to 6 mm. long; radial spines about 16, gray to reddish brown, arranged in horizontal bands, pectinate, rigid, 15 mm. long or less, often recurved; central spines none; flowers purple, 6 to q em. long, fully as broad when expanded; perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, acute; areoles on ovary somewhat floccose, very spiny; fruit globular, 3 em. in diameter, very spiny; seeds black, tuberculate, 1.5 mm. in diameter. “ Cabeza del viejo.” This species is often cultivated under the name of rainbow cactus. 926 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 26. Echinocereus weinbergii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 83. 1912. Probably a native of Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants. Very stout, usually simple, at first globose, becoming conical, at least in cultivation, 13 cm. in diameter; ribs 15, acute, more or less undulate; areoles elliptic, approximate; radial spines 9 to 12, pectinate, 3 to 12 mm. long, at first white or rose but in age yellowish; central spines none; flowers diurnal, 3.6 cm. broad, rose-colored; inner perianth segments in several series, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, 27. Echinocereus pectinatus ( Scheidw.) Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 109. 1848, Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 492. 1838. Echinocactus pectiniferus Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 25. 1839. Cereus pectinatus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849, Central Mexico; type from Villa del Pefiasco. Plants simple, erect, cylindric, 10 to 15 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, al- most hidden by the many short interlocking spines; ribs 20 to 22, usually straight; areoles approximate, but not touching one another, elliptic, 3 mm. long; radial spines about 30, pectinate, usually much less than 10 mm. long, white or rose-colored, the colors more or less in bands about the plant; cen- tral spines several, more or less porrect ; flowers purplish, 6 to 8 em. long; areoles on ovary and flower tube felted, very spiny; fruit spiny, becoming naked, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter. 28. Echinocereus scopulorum Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 30. 1922. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Stems single, cylindric, 10 to 40 em. long, nearly hidden by the closely set spines; ribs 13 or more, low, somewhat tuberculate; areoles circular, devoid of wool (at least in areoles of the previous year); spines highly colored, pinkish or brownish with blackish tips, in age, however, gray and stouter; radials somewhat spreading; centrals 3 to 6, similar to the radials; flowers with a delicate rose perfume, widely spreading when fully expanded, 9 cm. broad; tube 2 em. long, broadly funnelform, bearing greenish tubercles; inner perianth segments 4 cm. long, rose or purplish rose, much paler on the out- side, sometimes nearly white, oblanceolate to spatulate, erosely dentate, acute. 29. Echinocereus roetteri (Engelm.) Riimpler; Furst. Handb, Cact. ed. 2. 829. 1885. Cereus roetteri Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 345, 1856. Echinocereus kunzei Gtirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 103. 1907. Chihuahua, Texas and New Mexico; type from El Paso. Cespitose, or perhaps sometimes simple and occasionally budding above, 10 to 25 cm. high; ribs 13, straight, more or less undulate; areoles circular, or a little longer than broad, about 1 ecm. apart; radial spines 15 to 17, acicular, about 1 cm. long, white or purplish ; central spines 1 to 5, not in a single row, a little stouter but scarcely longer than the radials; flowers appearing below the top of the plant, 6 to 7 em. long, light purple; outer perianth segments greenish yellow; inner perianth segments oblanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 cm. long; ovary and fruit spiny. 30. Echinocereus chlorophthalmus (Hook.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 242. 1913, Hehinocactus chlorophthalmus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4878. 1848, Known only from the type locality, Real del Monte, Hidalgo. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 997 Cespitose, nearly globose, glaucous-green ; ribs 10 to 12, somewhat tubercu- late; areoles circular; radial spines 7 to 10, slender, needle-like, 12 to 18 mm. long, spreading; central spine one, stouter than the radials, the central as well as the radials pale brown but reddish at base when young; inner perianth segments spatulate, acute, somewhat serrate toward the tip, glossy above, pur- ple, whitish at base; ovary and fruit spiny. 31. Echinocereus knippelianus Liebner, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 170. 1895. Echinocereus liebnerianus Carp. Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 262. 1896. Echinocereus inermis Haage, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 180. 1898. Cereus knippelianus Orcutt, West. Amer. Sci. 18: 27. 1902. Native of Mexico, but range not known. At first simple, stout, a little higher than broad, about 10 cm. high, but in cultivation elongate, 20 cm. high or more, branching, very deep green, becoming turgid and flabby; ribs 5 to 7, more prominent toward the top of the plant, sometimes strongly tuberculate, at other times only slightly sinuate; areoles minute, white-felted, 5 to 6 mm. apart; spines 1 to 3, weak, 3 to 6 mm. long, yellow; flowers pinkish, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; perianth segments spreading, oblanceolate, acute; fruit not known. 32. Echinocereus pulchellus (Mart.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: 185. 1894. Echinocactus pulchellus Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 342. 1828. Cereus pulchellus Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 74. 1837. Probably in central Mexico; type said to have come from Pachuca, Hidalgo. Stems obovate-cylindric, 5 to 7 em. high, simple, glaucous; ribs 12, obtuse, more or less divided into tubercles; spines 3 to 5, short, straight, deciduous, yellowish; flowers rosy white, about 4 cm. broad; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate. 33. Echinocereus amoenus (Dietr.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 185. 1894. Echinopsis amoena Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 187. 1844. Cereus amoenus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 540. 1880. San Luis Potostf. Plants low, almost buried in the ground; ribs usually 18, low, somewhat tuberculate; young areoles bearing 6 to 8 rather stout short spreading spines ; old areoles spineless; flowers about 5 cm. broad, magenta; inner perianth segments spatulate, with an ovate acute tip; areoles of the ovary and flower tube bearing brown spines and cobwebby wool. 34, Echinocereus palmeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 34. 1922. Type from the City of Chihuahua. Plants 5 to 8 cm. high, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter; areoles closely set, round ; radial spines 12 to 15, spreading, slender, brown-tipped; central spine one, porrect, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, brown to blackish; flower 3.5 cm. long, purple ; areoles on the ovary bearing a cluster of brown spines and white wool. 35. Echinocereus brandegeei (Coulter) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 290. 1898. Cereus brandegeei Coulter, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 3: 389. 1896. Cereus sanborgianus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 391. 1896. Southern Baja California; type from Campo Aleman. Always growing in clumps; joints sometimes one meter long or more, 5 cm. in diameter, but usually much narrowed toward the base; ribs strongly tubercled; areoles circular; spines at first light yellow tinged with red, in age 928 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, dark gray; radial spines about 12, spreading, acicular; central spines usually 4, very much stouter, more or less flattened, erect or porrect, the lowest one decidedly so, sometimes 8 cm. long; flowers purplish, about 5 em. long; areoles on ovary and tube closely set, filled with pale acicular spines and long white wool; fruit globular, 3 em. in diameter, spiny; seeds black, tuberculately roughened. For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 124. 36. Echinocereus hempelii Fobe, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 187. 1897. Native of Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants. Plant, so far as known, simple, erect, 15 cm. long or more, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter, dark green; ribs 10, strongly tubereculate; radial spines 6, spreading, white with brown tips, acicular, 1 cm. long or less; central spines none; flowers from near the top of plant, 6 to 8 em. broad, violet; inner perianth segments about 14, loosely arranged, oblong, 3 cm. long, strongly toothed above; ovary bearing conspicuous red scales, spiny. 37. Echinocereus merkeri Hildmann; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 277. 1898. Cereus merkeri Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905. Durango, Coahuila, and San Luis Potostf. Cespitose; joints erect, 12 to 15 em. in diameter, light green; ribs 8 or 9, sinuate; radial spines 6 to 9, white, shining; central spines 1 or rarely 2, often yellowish, lurger than the radials, red at base; flowers purple, about 6 cm. long; inner perianth segments short-oblong, 3 cm. long, rounded at apex, sometimes mucronate; scales on ovary 2 to 3 cm. long, ovate, acuminate, bearing 2 to 5 long spiny bristles in their axils. 38. Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 801. 1885. Cereus fendleri Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl, 50. 1849. Sonora and Chihuahua. Texas to Utah and Arizona; type from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Cespitose; stems about 8, ascending or erect, 10 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter; ribs rather prominent, 9 to 12, somewhat undulate; spines very variable as to color, length, and form; radial spines 5 to 10, more or less spreading, 1 to 2 em. long, acicular to subulate; central spine solitary, usually porrect, 4 cm. long or less, dark-colored, often black-bulbose at base; flowers borne at the upper part of the plant, 10 em. broad when fully- expanded, but sometimes smaller, deep purple; inner perianth segments spatulate, 3 to 4 cm. long, acute, the margin sometimes serrulate ; ovary deep green, its areoles bearing white felt and white bristly spines; fruit ovoid, 2.5 to 3 ecm. long, purplish, edible; seeds 1.4 mm. long. 39. Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 112. 1848, Cereus enneacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849. Echinocereus carnosus Riimpler; First. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 796. 1885. Northern Mexico; type from San Pablo, Chihuahua. New Mexico and Texas. Cespitose, with many stems, often forming clumps one meter in diameter or more; joints often elongate, prostrate, 5 to 7 em. in diameter; ribs 7 or 8, prominent, more or less tuberculate, somewhat flabby, dull green; areoles 2.5 ecm. apart; radial spines unequal, usually less than 12 mm. long, acicular, at first yellowish, becoming brownish; central spine solitary, usually elongate, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 929 nearly terete, 8 to 5 cm. long; flower purple, 7.5 cm. broad ; perianth segments nearly oblong; fruit globular, juicy, edible. Because of the delicious strawberry-like flavor of the fruit, this plant is known in Texas as strawberry cactus. The fruit is eaten raw and also used for making preserves. 40. Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry) Riimpler ; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 805. 1885. Cereus engelmannii Parry, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852. Sonora and Baja California. Utah and Arizona to California; type from San Felipe, California. Cespitose, forming large clumps; joints erect or ascending, cylindric, 10 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; ribs 11 to 14, low, obtuse; areoles large, nearly circular; radial spines about 10, appressed, stiff, about 1 em. long; central spines 5 or 6, very stout, more or less curved and twisted, terete or somewhat flattened, sometimes 7 cm. long, yellowish to brown, more or less variegated; flowers 5 to 8 cm. long, and even broader when fully expanded, purple; perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, acuminate; scales on ovary 3 to 5 mm. long, acuminate; areoles felted and bearing stout bristles; fruit ovoid to oblong, spiny, about 3 cm. long; seeds black, nearly globular, or a little oblique, 1.5 mm. in diameter or less, tuberculate. 41, Echinocereus sarissophorus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 38. 1922. Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Saltillo, Coahuila. Cespitose; stems short, thick, pale green, about 10 cm. thick; ribs 9; radial spines 7 to 10, slender ; centrals several, 5 to 8 cm. long, often bluish, somewhat angled; flowers purplish, 7 to 8 cm. long; inner perianth segments broad; areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing short white wool and 8 to 5 long pale pristle-like spines; fruit globular, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, covered with clusters of deciduous spines; seeds black. 42. Echinocereus dubius (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 787. 1885. Cereus dubius Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 282. 1856. Western Texas, the type from El Paso; doubtless also in Chihuahua. Somewhat cespitose; stems 12 to 20 cm. long, pale green, of soft flabby texture, 7 to 9-ribbed; ribs broad; spines white; radial spines 5 to 8, 12 to 30 cm. long; centrals 1 to 4, 35 to 7.5 em. long, angled, often curved; flowers pale purple, 6 cm. long or more, with rather few and narrow perianth segments ; scales on flower tube bearing 1 to 3 white bristles in their axils; fruit very spiny, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; seeds covered with confluent tubercles. 43. Echinocereus conglomeratus First. Gartenflora 39: 405. 1890. Cereus conglomeratus Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905. Nuevo Leén, Coahuila, and Zacatecas ; type from Rinconada, near Monter- rey, Nuevo Leén. ; Cespitose, forming large clumps; joints simple, often half covered in the ground, 10 to 20 cm. long; ribs 11 to 13, slightly undulate; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart, small, circular, slightly felted; spines white to brownish; radial spines acicular, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, spreading; central spines several, elongate, often 7 cm. long, very flexible; flowers 6 to 7 em. long, broad and open, purplish ; perianth segments broad, 2 em. long; spines on ovary and flower long, white, more or less curved; fruit globular, 8 em. in diameter, somewhat acid, edible ; seeds numerous. “ Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya de agosto,” “ alicoche.” 930 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 44. Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2, 797. 1885. Cereus stramineus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 282. 1856. Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El Paso. Plants grouped in masses forming immense mounds 1 to 2 meters in dt- ameter and 30 to 100 ecm. h'gh; joints 12 to 25 em. long, 3 to 7 em. in diameter; ribs about 13, almost hidden by the long spines: spines at first brownish to straw-colored, in age nearly white; radial spines 7 to 14, 2 to 3 cm. long, spreading; central spines 3 or 4, 5 to 9 cm. long: flowers purple, 8 to 12 em. long: perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, rounded at apex; spines from the axils of scales on ovary and flower tube, 2 to 5, short, white; fruit nearly globular, 3 to 4 em. in diameter, red, spiny at first, becoming glabrous, edible: seeds 1.5 mm. in diameter, somewhat oblique. “ Pitahaya.” 45. Echinocereus barthelowanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 41. 1922. Type from Santa Marfa Bay, Baja California. Plants cespitose, forming large clusters; stems cylindric, 10 to 20 em. long, 4 to 5 em. in diameter ; ribs about 10, somewhat tuberculate below, but completely hidden by the stout numerous spines; areoles 2 to 5 mm. apart, white-felted when young; spines numerous, acicular, sometimes 7 em. long, pinkish when quite young, afterwards white or yellow with brown or blackish tips, in age becoming gray; flowers only 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth seg- ments oblong, 3 to 4 mm. long; ovary minute, strongly tubercled, hidden under the mass of spines: spine clusters on ovary with 6 to 12 white or pinkish-tipped spines, half as long as the flower. 46. Echinocereus mamillatus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 41, 1922. Cereus mamillaius Engelm.; Coulter, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 405. 1896. Southern Baja California; type from Mulegé, Cespitose; stems ascending, 20 to 30 em. long, cylindric, 3.5 to 6 em. in diameter; ribs 20 to 2h, Sometimes oblique, strongly tuberculate; spines white or pinkish: radial spines 10 to 25, acicular, 3 to 12 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, much stouter than the radials, 1 to 2.5 em. long. This and the following species are omitted from the key because their characters are still imperfectly known. 47. Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 775. 1885. Cereus ehrenbdergii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840. Central Mexico. Cespitose, 20 em. high; joints often procumbent, pale or leaf-green; ribs 6, obtuse, sinuate; areoles 2 em. apart, white-felted; radial spines 8 to 10, slender, white; central spines 3 or 4, yellowish at base. 48. Echinocereus longisetus (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 822. 1885. Cereus longisetus Engelm. Proc. Amer, Acad. 3: 280, 1856. Coahuila; type from Santa Rosa. Plants simple or nearly So, cylindric, 15 to 25 em. long, 5 to 7.5 em. in diameter ; ribs 11 to 14, somewhat tubercled; areoles circular; spines slender, elongate, white; radial spines 18 to 20, spreading, the lower 10 to 15 mm. long, much longer than the upper; central spines 5 to 7, very unequal, the lower elongate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, deflexed: flowers said to be red. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 931 26. ARIOCARPUS Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 491. 1838. Plants spineless, usually simple, low, with flat or round top; tubercles tough, horny, or cartilaginous, triangular, imbricate, spirally arranged, the lower part tapering into a claw, the upper or bladelike part expanded; areoles terminal or at the bottom of a triangular groove near the middle of tubercle, filled with hair when young; flowers appearing from near the center on young tubercles, diurnal, rotate-campanulate, white to purple; fruit oblong, smooth; seeds black, tuberculately roughened, with a large basal hilum; embryo described as obovate, straight. The following are the only species known: Tubercles not grooved on upper side-----------------------~- 1. A. retusus. Tubercules grooved on the upper side. Plants small, 3 to 5 em. broad--~----------------- 2, A. kotschoubeyanus. Plants large, 10 to 15 em. broad--_--------------------~ 3. A. fissuratus. 1. Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 492. 1838. Anhalonium prismaticum Lem, Cact. Hort. Monv. 1. 1839. Anhalonium retusum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 15. 1845. Anhalonium elongatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 77. 1850. Anhalonium areolosum Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 6: Mise. 35, 1859. Anhalonium pulvilligerum Lem. Tlustr. Hort. Lem. 16: Misc. 72. 1869. Mamillaria areolosa Hems!l. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 508. 1880. Mamillaria elongata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 509. 1880. Mamillaria prismatica Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 519. 1880. Mamillaria furfuracea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 150. 1890. Anhalonium trigonum Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 90. 1893. Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosf. Plants globular or more or less depressed, usually 10 to 12 em. broad, grayish green to purplish, very woolly at the center ; tubercles horny, imbricate, 5 cm. long or less, ovate, more or less 3-angled, acute to acuminate, often with a woolly areole on the upper side near the tip and this sometimes spinescent ; flowers borne at the axils of young tubercles near the center, white or nearly so, up to 6 cm. long; outer perianth segments pinkish, narrow, acute to acuminate; inner perianth segments at first white, afterwards pinkish, narrowly oblanceolate, with mucronate tip; fruit oblong, white, naked; seeds globular, 1.5 mm. in diameter, black, tuberculate-roughened. “ Chaute,”’ ‘ chautle.” According to Ochoterena, the name “neyote” is sometimes erroneously ap- plied to this species. 2. Ariecarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. Nachtr. 259. 1897. Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem., Bull. Cercl. Confér. Hort. Seine. 1842. Anhalonium suleatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 5. 1850. Central Mexico. Plants grayish green, 3 to 5 cm. broad, only the flat crown appearing above the surface of the ground, with a thickened fleshy rootstock, and with several spindle-shaped roots from the base; upper part of tubercle flattened, triangu- lar, 6 to 8 mm. long, grooved along its middle almost to the tip, the groove very woolly; flowers 295 to 3 em. long, originating in the center of the plant from the axils of the young tubercles, surrounded by a cluster of hairs; outer perianth segments few, brownish, obtuse ; inner perianth segments up to 2 cm. long, oblanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, sometimes retuse, rose-colored to light purple, widely spreading; ovary naked; seeds oblong, 1 mm. long. ‘“ Pe- zufia de venado” (Nuevo Leon). 932 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, This species was first collected by Karwinsky, who sent to Germany three plants of it about 1840. One of these plants is said to have been sold for 1,000 francs. 3. Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) Sehum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 36a; 195. 1894. Mammillaria fissurata Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 270. 1856. Anhalonium fissuratum Engelm. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Cact. 75. 1859. Ariocarpus loydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 808. 1911. Coahuila and Zacatecas. Western Texas, the type collected near the mouth of the Pecos River. Plant body scarcely appearing above the ground, flat or somewhat rounded, sometimes 15 cm. broad: tubercles imbricate, ovate, the upper part 2 to 8 cm. broad at base, acute or obtuse, the whole surface more or less fissured and irregularly warty; areoles filled with a dense mass of hairs; flowers 3 to 4 cm. broad, white to purple; inner perianth segments oblong-oblanceolate ; fruit oval, pale green, 10 mm. long; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened, “Chaute,” “chautle,” “peyote cimarrén.” The name “peyote” is said to be sometimes incorrectly applied to this species. 27. LOPHOPHORA Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894. A single species is known. 1. Lophophora williamsii (Lem.) Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894, Echinocactus williamsii Lem. ; Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz, 13: 385. 1845. Anhalonium williamsii Lem.:; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 233, 1885. Anhalonium lewinii Hennings, Gartenflora 37: 410. 1888. Lophophora lewinti Thompson, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 133. 1898. Central and eastern Mexico. Southern Texas. Plants dull bluish green, globular to top-shaped or somewhat flattened at top, 5 to 8 em. broad, with a thickened tap-root sometimes 10 em. long or more; ribs 7 to 13, nearly vertical or irregular and indistinct, tubercled; flowers cen- tral. each surrounded by a mass of long hair, in color pale pink to white, 2.5 em. broad when fully open, with a broad funnelform tube; outer perianth segments nearly white; style white below, pinkish above, shorter than the perianth segments; stigma lobes 5, linear, pinkish; ovary naked; fruit 2 cm. long or less; seeds 1 em. in diameter, with a broad basal hilum. “Peyote”; “hikuli” (Huichol and Tarahumare) ; “kamaba ” (Tepehuane, Ochoterena) ; “ sefif,” “ wokowi” (Querétaro, Ramtrez). This is a well-known plant in Mexico, and an account of it was published by Sahagtin in the sixteenth century. The peyote contains a narcotic stibstance that has been the subject of much study with regard to its chemical and phy- siological properties. The name anhalonin has been given to a supposed alka- loid separated from the plant, but other persons claim that the narcotic prop- erties are due to the presence of certain resinous bodies. The dried plants have been in use among the native people since precolum- bian times, and are still employed, although their use is forbidden by law. Eating a piece of the dried plant results in remarkable visions and hallucina- tions, and the general effects are somewhat like those resulting from the use of hashish. *See Manuel Urbina, El peyote y el ololiuhqui, Anal. Mus. Nac. Méx, 7: 25- 48. pl. 1. 1900. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 933 28. EPITHELANTHA Weber; Britt, & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 92. 1922. A single species is known. 1. Epithelantha micromeris (Engelm.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 93. 1922. Mammillaria micromeris Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 260. 1856. Mammillaria micromeris greggii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856. Mammillaria greggii Safford, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: 531. 1909. Northern Mexico. Western Texas. Plants small, simple or cespitose, nearly globular, but depressed at apex, G6 cm. in diameter or less; tubercles very low, small, arranged in many spirals, 1 mm. long; spines numerous, white, the lower radials about 2 mm. long, the upper radials on the young tubercles 6 to 8 mm, long and con- nivent over the apex, narrowly clavate, the upper haif finally falling off; flowers from near the center of the plant in a tuft of wool and spines; flower very small, whitish to light pink, 6 mm. broad; perianth segments 8 to 10; stamens 10 to 15; stigma lobes 3; fruit 8 to 12 mm. long; seeds 1.5 mim, broad. The fruits, known as “ chilotes,” are slightly acid and edible. 29. HAMATOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 104. 1922. A single species is known. 1. Hamatocactus setispinus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 104. 1922. Echinocactus setispinus Engelm, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 246. 1845. Echinocactus muehlenpfordtit Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 65. 1847. Echinocactus hamatus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 18. 1884. Not BE. hamatus Forbes. 1837. Echinocactus hamulosus Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 34. 1856. Echinopsis nodosa Linke, Wochenschr. Giirtn. Pflanz. 1: 85, 1858. Echinocactus nodosus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 535. 1880. Northern Mexico. Southern Texas, the type collected along the Colorado River. Plants up to 15 cm. high, with long fibrous roots; ribs usually 13, more or less oblique, thin, high, undulate on the margin; radial spines 12 to 16, slender, often 4 cm. long, some white, others brownish; central spines 1 to 8, longer than radials; flower 4 to 7 cm. long, yellow, with a red center; inner perianth segments oblong, acute, widely spreading; fruit 8 mm. in di- ameter, nearly naked; seeds 1.2 to 16 mm. in diameter. 30. STROMBOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 106. 1922. A single species is known. 1. Strombocactus disciformis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 106. 1922. Mammillaria disciformis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828. Echinocactus turbiniformis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838. Mammillaria turbinata Hook. in Curtis’g Bot. Mag. 69: pl. 3984. 1848. Echinocactus disciformis Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: 189. 1894. Central Mexico; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo. Plants small, depressed, turbinate or semiglobose, 5 to 6 cm. broad; tubercles somewhat chartaceous, imbricate, more or less winged, bearing 1 to 4 white acicular spines when young, naked when old; young areoles with white wool, naked in age; flowers from center of plant, 2 em. long or less; scales and outer perianth segments dark red, with whitish margins; inner perianth seg- 934 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, ‘ments white, lanceolate, acute, spreading; filaments much shorter than the inner perianth segments, purple; stigma lobes about 7, long, twisted; ovary naked except at top, small; fruit 7 mm. long; seeds 3 mm. in diameter. 31. LEUCHTENBERGIA Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4393. 1848. A single species is known. 1. Leuchtenbergia principis Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4393. 1848. Central and northern Mexico; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Plants up to 50 em. high, 5 to 7 em. in diameter, with a large or branched tap-root, often 12 cm. long; tubercles erect, ascending or widely spreading, very woolly in their axils, bluish green, 10 to 12.5 cm. long, more or less 3- angled, nearly truneate at apex, gradually dying off below and leaving broad scars on the trunk; spines papery, thin; radial spines 8 to 14, about 5 cm. long; central spines 1 or 2, sometimes 10 em. long; flowers lasting for several days, fragrant, solitary, from just below the tips of the young tubercles, more or less funnelform, the limb when widely expanded 10 cm. broad; outer peri- anth segments reddish with a brown stripe down the middle; inner perianth segments oblong, acute, serrate at apex ; stamens and style somewhat exserted ; stigma lobes 9 to 12, linear: fruit probably dry; seeds dark brown, minutely tuberculate. The plants are said to be employed as a remedy for wounds in beasts of burden. 32. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS Lawrence; Loud. Gard. Mag. 17%: 317. 1841. Mostly rather small plants, rarely over 10 em. in diameter, but generally much smaller, usually solitary, rarely clustered, deep-seated in the ground, globular or depressed, or very old plants becoming short-cylindric; ribs usu- ally numerous, in one species as few as 10, in other 50 to 100, usually vefy thin, more or less wavy; areoles on each rib sometimes only 1 or 2, always felted when young; spines in numerous clusters often covering the plant, some of them strongly flattened and ribbon-like ; flowers small, campanulate to sub- rotate with a very short tube; stamens numerous, shorter than the perianth segments; scales on the perianth and ovary few to numerous, searious, naked in their axils; fruit globular to short-oblong, bearing a few papery scales, these perhaps deciduous in age; seeds black with a broad basal truncate hilum. All the species of the genus are natives of Mexico. Ribs thick at base, triangular in cross-section. Ribs 10 to 14------0 1. E. coptonogonus. Ribs about 35--_--- 2-2 2. E. hastatus. Ribs always numerous, very thin, even at base. Ribs 100 or more__--------- 3. E. multicostatus. Ribs 25 to 55. Radial spines all or partly acicular. Upper radial spines, like the others, acicular, white, straight. Flowers greenish yellow. Sentral spines terete--....-.----- 4. E. wippermannii. Central spines narrow but flattened... __ 5. E. heteracanthus. Flowers not greenish yellow. Central spines 4.----------- 6. E. albatus. Central spines 3. Central spines annulate; apex of plant not depressed. 7. E. loydii. Central spines not annulate: apex of plant umbilicate. 8. E. zacatecasensia; STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 935 Upper radial spines subulate, some of them flattened. Spines all yellow or white. Spines 5 or 6_--------------------------------- 9. E. lamellosus. Spines 8 to 11------------------------------ 10. BE. grandicornis. Spines partly (central and upper ones) brownish___.11. E. arrigens. Radial spines never acicular. Perianth segments much elongate and widely spreading or recurved. 20. E. lancifer. Perianth segments rather short. Spines all appressed against the plant-__------- 12. E. violaciflorus. Spines partly erect or porrect. Ribs about 25. Spines partly (four upper ones) much elongate. 13. E. obvallatus. Spines all similar. Spines 5-------------------------------- 14. E. pentacanthus. Spines 10 or more___----------------------- 15. E. crispatus. Ribs 30 or more. Radial spines white_------~-- eae 16. E. dichroacanthus. Radial spines brown. Flowers purplish_—----~------------------ 17. E. anfractuosus. Flowers yellow. Upper and flattened spines 3, rather short, red. 18. E. tricuspidatus. Upper and flattened spines usually 1, rarely 2. 19. E. phyllacanthus. 1. Echinofossulocactus coptonogonus (Lem.) Lawrence ; Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. Echinocactus coptonogonus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 23. 1838. Reported from San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo. Simple or perhaps cespitose, globular or a little depressed, 7 to 10 cm. high, glaucous-green ; ribs stout, 1.5 em. high, 10 to 14, acute; areoles about 2 cm. apart, when young abundantly flocecose, but in age naked; spines 8 to 5, stout, a littie incurved, the longest 3 cm. long, flattened; flowers 3 cm. long, 4 cm. broad; inner perianth segments numerous, linear-oblong, acute, purple with white margins; ovary brownish violet, bearing thin scales. 2. Echinofossulocactus hastatus (Hopffer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 111. 1922. Echinocactus hastatus Hopffer; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 376. 1898. Hidalgo. Simple, depressed-globose, 10 cm. high, 12 em. in diameter; ribs 35, triangu- lar in section, light green, somewhat crenate; radial spines 5 or 6, very short, straight, yellow, the upper ones flattened, often 3 cm. long; central spine soli- tary, 4 cm. long, porrect; flowers white (the largest in this genus) ; fruit be- coming dry; seeds obovate, 1.5 mm. long, brownish gray, shining, finely punctate. 3. Echinofossulocactus multicostatus (Hildemann) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 111. 1922. Echinocactus multicostatus Hildemann ; Mathsson, Gartenflora 39: 465. 1890. Eastern Mexico; type said to have come from Saltillo, Coahuila. Simple, usually globose, but sometimes depressed, 6 to 10 cm. in diameter ; ribs 100 or more, very thin, wavy, each bearing only a few areoles; areoles 936 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. pubescent when young; spines usually 6 to 9, divided into two classes, the 3 upper spines elongate, 4 to 8 em. long, erect or ascending, flexible, rather thin but not very broad, yellowish to brownish; lower spines spreading, weak-subu- late, 5 to 15 mm. long: flowers 2.5 em. long; outer perianth segments oblong, acuminate; inner perianth segments oblong, acute or obtuse; scales on the flower tube oblong, acuminate; scales on the ovary broadly ovate, acute to acuminate, very thin, more or less papery, early deciduous. 4. Echinofossulocactus wippermannii (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 111. 1922, Echinocactus wippermannii Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 370. 1846. Hidalgo, Simple, obovoid, 15-em. high, 5 to 6 em. in diameter, dull green; ribs 35 to 40, compressed, slightly undulate; areoles 12 mm, apart, hairy when young, glabrate in age; radial spines 18 to 22, Setaceous, white, 15 mm. long; central spines 8 or 4, erect, elongate, 2 to 5 em. long, subulate, terete, blackish; flowers 1.5 mm. long, dull yellow. 5. Echinofossulocactus heteracanthus ( Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 112, 1922. wchinocactus heteracanthus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 345. 1845. Echinocactus tetrariphus Otto; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 363. 1898. Hidalgo, the type from Real del Monte. Globose to short-cylindrie, light green, nearly hidden by the closely set spines; ribs 30 to 34, much compressed, somewhat undulate; areoles white, hairy when young; radial spines 11 to 18 (16 to 18, according to Schumann), acicular, white, spreading; central spines 4, brownish to flesh-colored, more or less annulate, compressed; flowers greenish yellow (according to Schu- mann). 6. Echinofossulocactus albatus (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 112, 1922. ichinocactus albatus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 170. 1846. Mexico, but range not known. Simple, depressed-globose, 10 to 12 em. in diameter, glaucous, the apex cov- ered with spines; ribs about 35, flat, undulate; spines yellowish white; radial spines 10, setaceous, 1 em. long; central spines 4, the uppermost flat and an- nulate, the central terete, porrect ; flowers white, 2 em. long. 7. Echinofossulocactus lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113. 1922, Zacatecas, Nearly globular, 12 em. in diameter or more, crowned by the long over- topping connivent spines; ribs very numerous, thin, more or less folded; are- oles brown, woolly when young; radial spines acicular, 10 to 15, white, 2 to 8 mm. long, spreading; central spines 3, light brown, much elongate, some- what inecurved and connivent, the two lateral ones similar and not so papery, the middle one very thin, annulate, 4 to 9 em. long; flowers small, nearly white; outer perianth segments with a green stripe on the midvein: inner peri- anth segments thin, narrowly oblong, acute; scales on the ovary ovate, acute, very thin. 8. Echinofossulocactus zacatecasensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113. 1922. Zacatecas, Plants solitary, globular, 8 to 10 ecm. in diameter; ribs pale green, very thin, about 55; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines 8, brownish, 2 of them terete, but the middle one flattened, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 937 erect or connivent, longer than the other 2, sometimes 3 to 4 cm. long, never annulate; flowers 3 to 4 cm. broad, nearly white; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, with an ovate apiculate tip, slightly tinged with lavender, 15 mm. long; scales on the ovary broadly ovate, apiculate, scarious. 9. Echinofossulocactus lamellosus (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113. 1922. Echinocactus lamellosus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 177. 1847. Hidalgo. Subglobose to short-cylindric, more or less depressed at apex ; ribs about 30, strongly flattened, more or less undulate; areoles remote, tomentose when young; spines 5 or 6, white with brown tips; flowers tubular, 3.5 to 4 cm. long; inner perianth segments linear to linear-lanceolate, acute. 10. Echinofossulocactus grandicornis (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 114, 1922. Echinocactus grandicornis Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 30, 1839. Mexico, the range not known. Plants simple, globose to slender-cylindric, 10 cm. high, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, ‘glaucous-green, the apex hidden by the spines; ribs 34 or 35, much com- pressed, acute, undulate; areoles only a few to each rib, tomentose when young, naked in age; spines 8 to 11, at first yellowish; upper spines erect, stout, flat, 5 cm. long, the 2 lateral ones not so stout, a little shorter and nearly terete, the other spines slender; flowers whitish purple. 11. Echinofossulocactus arrigens (Link) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 114. 1922. Echinocactus arrigens Link; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 161. 1840. Echinocactus sphaerocephalus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 870. 1846. Echinocactus allardtianus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 178. 1847. Mexico, the range not known. Plant simple, deep-seated in the soil, globular, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, glaucescent, more or less depressed at apex; ribs 24, thin and wavy; spines 8 to 11, yellow; uppermost spine elongate, 2 to 4 em. long, flattened, brownish ; central spines 2 or 3, more slender and not quite so long as the uppermost one; radial spines 6 to 8, acicular, usually pale, spreading; flowers small, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, apiculate, with deep purple stripe down the center and with pale, nearly white margins. The following species have been referred here by some authors: Hchino- cactus xiphacanthus Miquel (Linnaea 12: 1. 1838); E. ensiferus Lem. (Cact. Alig. Nov. 26. 1838); Hchinofossulocactus ensiformis Lawrence (Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841). 12. Echinocactus violaciflorus (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 114. 1922. Echinocactus violacifiorus Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 102. 1912. Zacatecas (type locality) and Aguascalientes. Simple, at first globose, but becoming columnar, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter ; ribs about 35, thin, deeply crenate; spines about 7, the 4 or 5 lower ones 7 to 12 mm. long, appressed or incurved, white, subulate, the 3 upper spines flattened, 3 to 6 cm. long, ascending and the uppermost ones connivent over the top of the plant; flowers 2 to 25 em. long; perianth segments narrow, acuminate, white with violet or purplish stripe down the middle; scales on the ovary more or less imbricate, in 8 or 4 rows, broadly ovate, apiculate with scarious margins. 9388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 13. Echinofossulocactus obvallatus (DC.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. Echinocactus obvallatus DC. Prodr. 3: 462. 1828. Hidalgo. Obovoid to globose, depressed at apex; ribs about 25, rather thin and un- dulate; spines about 8, 4 spines subulate, ascending or spreading, 4 spines short, perhaps not one-fourth the length of the longer ones; flowers central, very large; perianth segments linear-oblong. 14. Echinofossulocactus pentacanthus (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 115. 1922. Echinocactus pentacanthus Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 27. 1883. Echinocactus biceras Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 370. 1848, Reported from San Luis Potosf and Hidalgo. Simple, depressed-globose to short-cylindric, more or less glaucous; ribs about 25, perhaps even 40 to 50; areoles only a few to the rib; spines 5, unequal, grayish red, hardly angled, flattened; 3 upper spines erect or spreading ; 2 lower spines much slenderer and shorter than the upper; flowers large for this group, deep violet; perianth segments with white margins. 15. Echinofossulocactus crispatus ( DC.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. Echinocactus crispatus DC. Prodr. 3: 461. 1828. Reported from Hidalgo. Plants obovoid, somewhat depressed at apex; ribs about 25, more or less folded, somewhat undulate; spines 10 or 11, rigid, unequal; flowers central, rather small; perianth segments in 2 series, purplish, oblong-linear, acute; flower tube covered with imbricate scales. The following species have been referred here by some authors: Hechino- cactus flerispinus Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 159. 1850); HE. undu- latus Dietr. (Allg. Gartenz. 12: 187, 1844. 16. Echinofossulocactus dichroacanthus (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 117. 1922. Echinocactus dichroacanthus Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 62. 1837. Hidalgo. Plant obovoid, dull green, 15 cm. high, 10 cm. in diameter, somewhat um- bilicate at apex; ribs 32, thin, acute, undulate, somewhat wavy; areoles only a few on each rib, white-tomentose : upper spines 3, erect, flattened, purplish ; radial spines 4 to 6, white. 17. Echinofossulocactus anfractuosus (Mart.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. Echinocactus anfractuosus Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 63. 1837. Hidalgo. Plant simple, somewhat longer than broad, 12.5 cm. long, 6 em. in diameter, dull green; ribs many (about 30, according to Schumann), compressed, wavy, each bearing only a few areoles; spines somewhat curved, straw-colored with brown tips; radial spines 7, stout, the 3 upper radials much larger, about 8 cm. long, the 4 lower radials slender; central spine solitary, 2.5 em. long, brownish ; perianth segments purple with white margins, 18. Echinofossulocactus tricuspidatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 117. 1922. Echinocactus tricuspidatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 51. 1841. Echinocactus melmsianus Wegener, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 65. 1844. San Luis Potosf. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 939 Globose to short-cylindric, 5 to 8 cm. broad; ribs numerous, 30 to 55, thin, wavy; areoles at first lanate, afterwards naked; spines 5, the upper one thin, compressed, sometimes 3-toothed at apex, 8 to 33 mm. long, reddish with a black tip, the other 4 spines spreading, more or less appressed, straight or recurved, gray or reddish with black tips, much shorter than the upper one; flowers greenish yellow, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments short-oblong, obtuse, the outer ones more or less acute or apiculate; scales on the ovary broadly ovate with a scarious margin and a more or less prominent cusp. 19. Echinofossulocactus phyllacanthus (Mart.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841. Echinocactus phyllacanthus Mart. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 201. 1836. Echinocactus phyllacanthoides Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 28. 1839. Central Mexico. Simple, depressed-globose to short-cylindric, 3 to 15 cm. high, 4 to 10 cm, in diameter, dull green; ribs 30 to 35, thin, undulate; areoles only a few to a rib, white-tomentose when young; spines 5 to 9; upper spine, or rarely 2 spines, much elongate, erect or connivent over the top of the plant, flattened, thin, somewhat annulate, 4 cm. long; other spines weak-subulate, usually pale and spreading; flowers 15 to 20 mm. long, yellowish; inner perianth seg- ments acute. 20. Echinofossulocactus lancifer (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 118. 1922. Echinocactus lancifer Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 7: 154. 1839. Echinocactus dietrichii Heynhold, Nom. 2: 92. 1846. Mexico, the locality not known. Nearly ovoid, somewhat depressed at apex; ribs numerous, strongly com- pressed, undulate; areoles few to each rib, when young tomentose ; spines &, white or brownish at apex, some of them broad and flat; flowers rather large, rose-colored; flower tube described as long; perianth segments linear- oblong, widely spreading. 21. Echinofossulocactus gladiatus (Link & Otto) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 1%: 317. 1841. Echinocactus gladiatus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 426, 1827. Probably native of eastern Mexico. Plant glaucescent, ovoid to. oblong, 12.5 cm. high, 10 cm. in diameter with a depressed apex covered with connivent spines; ribs prominent, rather broad, obtuse, 14 to 22; spines 10, gray, 4 upper spines subulate, of these 3 usually ascending, the central spreading or porrect, the largest 5 cm. long, 4 lower spines acicular. 22. Echinofossulocactus confusus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 120. 1922. Native of Mexico, the range not known. Simple, pale green, stout, columnar to short-clavate, 6 to 15 cm. high, 6 to § em. in diameter; ribs 26 to 30, thin, low, wavy; areoles 4 or 5 on each rib, 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines all yellow, subulate; radial spines 4 or 5, only slightly flattened, 7 to 10 mm. long; central spine solitary, up to 4 cm. long, usually porrect; flowers purplish, 4 cm. broad; perianth segments oblong, acute. The following species of Hchinocactus are perhaps referable to Hchinofos- sulocactus, but they are still imperfectly unknown: FE. acanthion Salm-Dyck, E. acroacanthus Stieber, FE. adversispinus Miihlenpf., EZ. brachycentrus Salm- Dyck, E. cereiformis DC., E. debilispinus Berg, F. ellemeetii Berg, EH. flexruosus 940 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Dietr., EF. fluctuosus Dietr., FE. foersteri Stieber, EF. griseispinus Jacobi, EF. hexacanthus Miihlenpf., E. heyderi Dietr., E. hookeri Miihleupf., B. hystricho- centrus Berg, H. linkeanus Dietr., F. macrocephalus Miihlenpf., EF. mammillifer Miquel, H. ochroleucus Jacobi, E. octacanthus Miihlenpf., 2. quadrinatus Wag- ener, E. raphidacanthus Salm-Dyck, EF. raphidocentrus Jacobi, E. sulphureus Dietr., HZ. teretispinus Lem., E. tribolacanthus Monville, Z. trifurcatus Jacobi. 33. FEROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 123. 1922. Globular to cylindric, often large cacti; ribs thick and prominent; spines well developed, either straight or hooked ; areoles usually large, bearing flowers only when young and then only just above the spine clusters, more or less felted when young; flowers usually large, broadly funnel-shaped to campanu- late, usually with a very short tube; stamens numerous, borne on the throat, short; ovary and flower tube very scaly; scales naked in their axils; fruit oblong, usually thick-walled and dry, dehiscing by a large basai pore; seeds black, pitted, never tuberculate; embryo curved. Besides the species here listed, one other is known, a native of the south- western United States. The species of Ferocactus are well known in the arid regions of Mexico and the United States because of their large size and abund- ance, and the varied uses made of them. In the United States they are usu- ally known by the name barrel cactus. By the Indians they were sometimes employed as cooking vessels, the interior being scooped out and mashed, and the water thus obtained being replaced in the cavity and heated with hot stones, after which meat and other substances were placed in the liquid and cooked. The liquid obtained by crushing the pulp has sometimes been used as a substitute for water in the desert. The pulp is often fed to horses and cattle. The candied pulp makes an excellent sweetmeat, which is much used in Mexico and the southwestern United States, and is often sold in the eastern United States as “cactus candy.” The Papago Indians of Arizona are re- ported to have prepared a sweetmeat by boiling the pulp in the syrup of Carnegiea gigantea, The usual Mexican name for plants of the genus is “biznaga” or “ viz- naga.” The name biznaga is applied in Spain to the parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), and the word is of Arabic origin. The Mexican word, however, is believed to have been derived from the Nahuatl, huitzli, spine, and nahuac, around, i. e., covered with spines. Concerning these plants Robelo* writes as follows: “It is well known that the Mexicans in their bloody and gloomy religion performed the rite of sacrificing their flesh, drawing blood from the ears, thighs, arms, and legs, nose, and even the tongue. For such sacrifices they employed the spines of the biznaga and metl [maguey]; and these objects being consecrated or even deified, the biznaga founded a cult, which was personified by a deity, Huitznahuatl, to whom was erected a temple, Huitznahua-teapan, and to the place where the spines were kept was given the name Huitzcalco.” The Mexi- cans also used the name teocomitl, “divine vessel,” for the plants; while Hernandez mentions the “ comitl,” “ tepenexcomitl,” and “hueycomitl,” all of which probably belong to this genus. The biznaga was sacred to the god Mix- coatl. Buelna reports the Otomf name as “ pe,” and the name “ eaballufia” is re- ported for an unidentified species. Clavigero gives a description of one one of the species of Ferocactus occuring in Baja California, and says: “In New Spain some people use the spines for 1Anal. Mus. Nac. II. 2: 375. 1905. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 941 toothpicks, and in some of the missions of California they employed them for knitting stockings, straightening out the tips and reducing the thicker part. Among these spines the viznaga produces its handsome flowers, tinged with white, red, and yellow, which are followed by the fruit, much smaller than that of the tammid, and full, like that of the cardon, with viscous juice and seeds, which latter the Californians eat, after preparing them like those of the cardén. In Mexico they make a good sweetmeat from the juicy pulp of the viznaga.” Clavigero also makes the following shrewd statement, which indicates that he had no mean knowledge of plants: “It is certainly wonder- ful that the plants of which I have spoken, and others of which I shall speak later, have more juice in arid places than other kinds of trees have in humid regions; but it is still more remarkable that they maintain themselves with- out any deterioration with little or no dew, although it may not rain for 10 months or more, as often happens in California. I believe that these plants are more juicy because they transpire less, inasmuch as they have no leaves, for these, as is the fundamental belief of physicists, are the principal organs of tranpiration among plants: it may be conjectured that the Creator denied these plants leaves because He destined them to inhabit dry lands.” Plants very large, often 1 meter high or more (except apparently nos. 2, 4, and 5). Areoles with a marginal row of bristles or hairs. Areoles with weak marginal hairs. Central spines yellowish; flowers yellow_------------- 1. F. stainesii. Central spines bright red; flowers red___-__----------2. F. pringlei. Areoles with marginal bristles. Central spines hooked. Central spines up to 12 cm. long and 8 mm. wide____7. F. horridus. Central spines 8 cm. long or less, 4 to 6 mm. wide. Inner perianth segments pink. Inner perianth segments linear_------~------------ 3. F. fordii. Inner perianth segments oblong----------- 4. F. townsendianus. Innner perianth segments yellow to red, the outer pinkish. Inner perianth segments about 2 cm. long; spines yellow to red. 5. F. chrysacanthus. Inner perianth segments 4 to 5 cm. long; spines white to reddish. 6. F. wislizeni. Central spines straight or more or less curved but not hooked. Central spines flexible, thin. . Central spines more or less appressed; seeds less than 2 mm. long. 8. F. lecontei. Central spines more or less tortuous and spreading; seeds more than 3 mm. long__------------------------ 9. F. acanthodes. Central spines dagger-like, straight, erect-_------ 10. F. santa-maria. Areoles without marginal hairs or bristles. Spines all alike____-- _o oe eee === 11. F. diguetii. Spines unlike, the radials different from the central. Central spines more or less hooked. Central spine one__--------------------------------- 12. F. covillei. Central spines 4-_-.---------------------.--------- 13. F. peninsulae. Central spines not hooked. Flowers lemon-yellow ; inner perianth segments elongate. 14. F. rectispinus. Flowers crimson; perianth segments all short---~---- 15. F. orcuttii. 79688—24 7 9492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants much smaller, 60 cm. or less in diameter, sometimes forming large clumps. Areoles with stout spines and weak bristles__-_____________ 16. F. robustus. Areoles with stout spines only. Spines never hooked. Spines all straight. Scales on ovary linear, with long-ciliate margins___20, F. flavovirens. Scales on ovary broader than linear, not with long-ciliate margins. Flowers 4 to 5 cm. long; plants green. Plants flattened; ribs acute; margin of scales of ovary not cili- ate______- ee 17. F. echidne. Plants rounded; ribs obtuse; margin of scales of ovary cili- ate._--.------------ ee 18. F. alamosanus. Flowers 2 em. long; plants glaucous_.__________ 19. F. glaucescens. Spines more or less curved. Flowers 3.5 cm. long or less; ribs up to 24____21. F, melocactiformis. Flowers larger; ribs fewer. . Scales on ovary acute_____--_-_--_- 22. F. macrodiscus. Seales on ovary obtuse___.--______-____ 23. F. viridescens. Spines, at least some of them, hooked or recurved at the tip. Central spines, or one of them, broad and short. Central spine solitary.--------_--__-._-__--- 24. F. nobilis. Central spines several. Radial spines all straight----__-_______________ 25. F. latispinus. Radial spines on lower side of areoles hooked_26. F. crassihamatus. Central spines slender and elongate. Flowers large, yellow___~_---____-________ 27. F. hamatacanthus, Flowers small, pinkish to brownish__ _- 28. F. uncinatus. 1. Ferocactus stainesii (Hook.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 144. 1922. Echinocactus stainesii Hook.; Audot, Rev. Hort. 6: 248. 1845. Echinocactus pilosus Galeotti; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 148. 1850. San Luis Potosf. Simple or proliferous, globular, up to 1.5 meters high; ribs 18 to 20, com- pressed, more or less undulate; areoles distant, circular; radial spines re- duced to long white hairs; central spines several, subulate, at first purplish, becoming pale yellow in age; flowers yellow. 2. Ferocactus pringlei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 125. 1922. Echinocactus pilosus pringlei Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 365. 1896. Echinocactus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 127. 1906. Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Jimulco, Coahuila. Growing in clumps, becoming cylindric, sometimes 3 meters high and 30 to 40 cm. in diameter; ribs usually 16 to 18, more or less compressed; areoles numerous, closely set or contiguous, the outer margin with a row of white or straw-colored hairs 2 to 4 em. long; spines red, the three lower ones slender, almost acicular, the innermost much stouter, somewhat flattened, angular, curved or nearly straight; flowers red without, yellow within, 2.5 cm. long; Scales on the ovary numerous, orbicular, imbricate; inner perianth segments oblanceolate, obtuse or apiculate; fruit yellow, somewhat succulent, dehiscing by a basal pore, 3 to 4 cm. long, crowned by the persisting perianth; seeds 1.5 mm. long, brownish, pitted, with a small basal hilum. “ Biznaga colorada ” (Zacatecas). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 943 3. Ferocactus fordii (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 126. 1922. Echinocactus fordii Orcutt, Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899. Baja California, the type from Lagoon Head. Globose to short-cylindric, grayish green, 12 cm. in diameter; ribs usually 21, about 1 cm. high; areoles about 2 cm. apart; radial spines whitish, acicular, widely spreading, about 15; central spines usually 4; one of the centrals flat- tened, porrect, longer than the others, with a curved or hooked tip, about 4 em. long, the others subulate, somewhat angled; flowers rose-colored, 3.5 to 4 cm. long; outer perianth segments ovate to ovate-oblong, acute; inner peri- anth segments linear, acuminate; scales on the ovary broadly ovate. 4, Ferocactus townsendianus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Type from San Josef Island, Baja California. Short-cylindric, 40 cm. high or more; ribs about 16, often spiraled, some- what undulate; areoles large, distant; radial spines widely spreading, 14 to 16, 3 to 4 em. long, most of them threadlike, but often 2 or more above and below subulate; central spines subulate, grayish, usually one curved or hooked at apex, the others straight, all annulate; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; outer peri- anth segments ovate, reddish, with narrow yellow margins; inner perianth segments oblong-lanceolate with a narrow pink stripe down the center with greenish yellow margins. 5. Ferocactus chrysacanthus (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Echinocactus chrysacanthus Orcutt, Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899. Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Globose to cylindric; ribs about 18, tubercled; radial spines 4 to many, slender, white; central spines sometimes as many as 10, 5 em. long, either red or yellow, curved; flowers from near the center of the plant, 5 em. broad when fully open; scales naked in the axils, closely set and overlapping, the lower one orbicular and green, the upper ones more oval, brownish or with brown tips, the margin thin, sometimes ciliate or ragged; outer perianth seg- ments rather stiff, pinkish brown; inner perianth segments 2 cm. long, satiny yellow with a jagged or toothed margin; fruit yellow, 3 cm. long; seeds large, black. 6. Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 96. 1848. Echinocactus emoryi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 162. 1902. Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Texas to Arizona; type from Dona Ana, New Mexico. At first globular but becoming cylindric, when very old, 2 meters long or more, usually simple, but when injured often giving off several heads or branches; ribs numerous, often 25, 3 cm. high; areoles elliptic, sometimes 2.5 em. long, brown-felted, 2 to 3 cm. apart, or the flowering ones often approxi- mate; spines variable; radials absent in young plants, threadlike to acicular, the longest 5 cm. long; central spines several, white to red, annular, all subu- late, one of them much stouter, usually strongly flattened, strongly hooked ; flowers yellow, some red, 5 to 6 cm. long; fruit yellow, oblong, scaly, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds dull black, the surfaces covered with shallow indistinct pits. “ Biznaga.” The Pima Indians of Arizona ate the flesh of the plant after cutting it in strips and boiling it. , 944 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Ferocactus horridus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 128, 1922. Type from San Francisquito Bay, Baja California. Globular, 30 em. in diameter or more; ribs 13, broad, 2 em. high, obtuse, not tubercled; areoles 1.5 to 2.5 em. apart, large; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, spreading, white, 3 to 4 cm. long; central spines 6 to 8, very diverse, all reddish, either spreading or porrect, all straight except 1, this much elongate, often 12 cm. long, much flattened, very strongly hooked. 8. Ferocactus lecontei (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129, 1922. Echinocactus lecontei Engelm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 3: 274, 1856. Sonora and Baja California. Utah, Arizona, and southern California. Becoming cylindric, 2 meters high or more, rather slender; ribs 20 to 30, somewhat undulate; areoles longer than broad; some of the radial spines threadlike or bristly, the other radials and the central spines flattened and flexible, usually appressed against the plant, most of them ascending, rarely if ever hooked, white to red; flowers originally described as yellow, also re- ported as red, 5 to 6 cm. long; fruit oblong, yellow; seeds minute, less than 2 mm. long, black, shiny, reticulate, slightly compressed. 9. Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129, 1922. Echinocactus acanthodes Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 106. 1839. Echinocactus cylindraceus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 275. 1856. Northern Baja California. Nevada and southern California. At first globular but in age cylindric, sometimes nearly 8 meters high, very spiny; ribs often as many as 27, acute, 1 to 2 cm. high; areoles 1 em. in diameter or more, densely brown-felted when young, closely set, often nearly coutiguous; spines often white or pinkish or sometimes bright red; radial spines weak, setiform or acicular, usually pungent, often spreading; central spines subulate, slender, spreading, more or less flattened, annulate, tortuous and more or less curved, but never hooked at tip, the longest 10 to 12 em. long; flowers yellow to orange, 4 to 6 cm. long, usually broader than long ; scales on ovary and flower tube imbricate, ovate, with a large purple blotch on their back, gradually passing upward into the perianth segments; inner perianth segments glossy, narrowly oblong to spatulate, obtusish, often toothed ; fruit oblong, 3 cm. long, crowned by the scaly perianth, dry, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds black, 3.5 mm. long, pitted. 10. Ferocactus santa-maria Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 131. 1922. Type from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California. Cylindric, 60 cm. high or more; ribs about 14; outer spines several, thread- like; central spines in 2 series, all straight, grayish, annulate, subulate, the central one stouter, flatter, ascending, somewhat curved at tip; old flowers persisting, 6 to 7 cm. long; fruit 3 to 4 cm. long, bearing orbicular scales; seeds 2 mm. long, finely reticulate. 11. Ferocactus diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 3: 131. 1922. Echinocactus diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 100. 1898. Islands of the Gulf of California; type from Santa Catalina Island. Plants very stout, usually 1 to 2 meters but sometimes 4 meters, high, 60 to 80 cm. in diameter or more; ribs sometimes as many as 39, rather thin; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, somewhat elliptic, approximate or on old plants coalescent ; spines 6 to 8, yellow, subulate, 3 to 4 cm. long, slightly curved and a little spread- ing; flowers numerous, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; scales on ovary and flower tube ovate, closely imbricate, thin on the margin and somewhat lacerate; inner perianth segments red with yellow margins, oblong, 2 cm. long; tube of flower below stamens very short; fruit scaly. ‘“ Biznaga.” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 945 12. Ferocactus ‘covillei Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 132. 1922. Sonora, the type from Altar. Southern Arizona. Plant simple, globular to short-cylindric, often 1.5 meters high; ribs 22 to 32, 2 to 4 em. high, rather thin, when young more or less tubercled, but when old hardly undulate; areoles on small plants distant, often 3 to 4 cm. apart, on old and flowering plants approximate or contiguous, densely brown-felted when young, naked in age, the spine-bearing areoles large and circular, the flowering areoles more elongate and complex, divided into three parts, the lower part bearing spines, the central part spinescent bands, and the upper part the flower; spines sometimes red to white; radial spines 5 to 8, some- what spreading, subulate, straight or more or less curved backward, 3 to 6 cm. long, annulate; central spine always solitary, very variable, straight or with the tip bent or even strongly hooked, annulate, terete to strongly flattened or 3-angled, 3 to 8 em. long; upper areoles of old plants bearing 5 to 7 glands, becoming spinescent, 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers described as red, tipped with yellow, sometimes reported as yellow throughout, 6 to 7 cm. long; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, acuminate, often serrate; fruit oblong, 5 cm. long, bearing a few broad scales; seeds black, dull or shining, nearly smooth or slightly pitted, 2 mm. long. 13. Ferocactus peninsulae (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 1383. 1922. Echinocactus peninsulae Weber, Bull, Mus. Hist. Nat, 1: 320. 1895. Southern Baja California. Simple, erect, 2.5 meters high, clavate to cylindric; ribs 12 to 20, prominent ; areoles 4 cm. apart or even less in old plants; spines red with yellow tips; radial spines 11, spreading, straight, terete, more or less annulate, the lower ones stouter and more colored; central spines 4. 14. Ferocactus rectispinus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134. 1922. Echinocactus emoryi rectispinus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 362. 1896. Echinocactus rectispinus Britt. & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 269. 1911. Central Baja California; type from Mulegé. Globose to cylindric, 1 to 2 meters high; radial spines 8 to 12, the three up- per spines stouter and sometimes curved ; central spine one, 9 to 18 cm. long, rather slender, nearly straight, never hooked; flowers 6 em. long, yellowish ; scales on ovary rounded, thin-margined, sometimes ciliate, naked in the axils; inner perianth segments lemon-yellow, lanceolate, 5 cm. long, acuminate. 15. Ferocactus orcuttii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134, 1922. Echinocactus orcuttii Engelm. West. Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886. Type from Palm Valley, Baja California. Single, or cespitose in clusters of 15 to 20 stems, 60 to 130 em. high, 25 to 45 cm. in diameter; ribs 13 to 30, somewhat spiraled, obtuse, somewhat tubercu- late; areoles approximate; spines reddish, straight or simply curved, all annu- late, angled or flat; radial spines 9 to 13, spreading; central spines 4, stouter than the radials; flower 3 to 5 em. long, dull crimson; perianth segments short-oblong, rounded at apex with a more or less erose margin; scales on the ovary orbicular, small; fruit described as pulpy, crimson, scaly; seeds numer- ous, small. 16. Ferocactus robustus (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 135. 1922. Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto, Allg. Gartenz. 1: 364. 1833. Puebla, the type from Tehuacan. In large clumps, often 3 meters, rarely 5 meters in diameter, 1 to 1.3 meters high, with hundreds of branches; ribs 8, prominent in young growth, but be- 946 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, coming indistinct in age, somewhat undulate; areoles brown-felted when young; radial spines ascending, about 10, often threadlike; central spines subulate, about 6, brown at first, somewhat flattened, annulate, often 6 cm. long; flowers 3.5 to 4 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, acute, yellowish; seales on ovary broad, rounded at tip; fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long ; seeds black, oblong, 1.5 mm. long. 17. Ferocactus echidne (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 136. 1922. Echinocactus echidne DC. Mém. Cact. 19, 1834. Echinocactus vanderaeyi Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 20. 1838. Echinocactus dolichanthus Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 25. 1838. Echinocactus gilvus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 18: 170. 1845. Hehinocactus victoriensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909. Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; type from Hidalgo. Depressed-globose, 12.5 em. high, 18 em. in diameter, green; ribs 13, acute, broad at base: areoles remote, velvety when young, oval; radial spines rigid, about 7, about 2 em. long, yellow; central spine solitary, porrect, 8 em. long or more; flowers lemon-yellow; perianth Segments linear-oblong, acute, some- times toothed near apex; scales on the ovary ovate, acute. “ Biznaga” (Ta- maulipas). 18. Ferocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137. 1922. Echinocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 239. 1913, Sonora, the type from Alamos. Plants usually single, sometimes in clusters, somewhat flattened above, green, 30 em. in diameter or more; ribs about 20, narrow ; spines all yellow; radials usually 8, 3 to 4 em. long, more or less spreading; central single, porrect or erect, somewhat flattened laterally, 6 em. long and a little longer than the radials; flower buds covered with ovate ciliate scales, these brownish except in the margin. 19. Ferocactus glaucescens (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137. 1922. Echinocactus glaucescens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828. Echinocactus pfeifferi Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 58. 1837. Eastern central Mexico; type from Toliman. Globular, 20 to 40 em. in diameter, or a little higher than broad, glaucous; ribs 11 to 15, somewhat flattened, acute, 2 to 3 cm. high; areoles 8 to 12 mm. apart, oblong, 12 to 20 mm. long, yellowish, tomentose when young; radial spines 6, nearly equal, rigid, only slightly spreading, straight, 2.5 to 3 em. long, pale yellow at first, when old blackish, more or less banded; central spine solitary, similar to the radials; flowers yellow, 2 em. long, perhaps broader when fully expanded ; outer perianth segments ovate, acuminate, some- times brownish on the back, ciliate: inner perianth segments oblong, usually only acute, somewhat toothed or lacerate; scales on the ovary brownish, ovate, acute, ciliate, imbricate, 20. Ferocactus flavovirens (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 138. 1922. Echinocactus flavovirens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz, 9: 50. 1841. Vicinity of Tehuacin, Puebla. Plant cespitose, forming great masses, pale green, 30 to 40 em. high; stems 10 to 20 em. in diameter; ribs 13, rarely 11 or 12, 1 to 2 em. high, acute, somewhat sinuate; areoles 2 em. apart, large, grayish, woolly; spines pale brown, becoming gray in age, long and stout; centrals 4, much longer than the radials, somewhat unequal, the longer ones 5 to 8 cm. long: flower buds globular, covered with long linear imbricate scales, their margins ciliate with long hairs. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 947 21. Ferocactus melocactiformis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 138. 1922. Echinocactus melocactiformis DC. Prodr. 3: 462. 1828. Echinocactus histria DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828. Echinocactus coulteri Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 162. 1834. Echinocactus oxypterus Zucc.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 57. 1837. Echinocaetus electracanthus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 24. 1838. Echinocactus lancifer Reichenb.; Terscheck, Cat. Suppl. 2. Hastern Mexico. Simple, cylindric, 50 to 60 cm. in diameter, bluish. green; ribs about 24; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines usually 10 to 12, a little curved, yellow, becoming brown, of these 6 to 8 slender-subulate, 2 to 3 cm. long, more or less spreading, 3 or 4 spines more central than the others, but usually only one definitely so, much stouter and longer, 4 to 6 em. long, porrect or ascending, annulate; flowers 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, bright yellow, sometimes reddish with- out; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, acute, somewhat spreading; scales on the ovary ovate, acute, small, 2 to 4 mm. long, somewhat ciliate; fruit short-oblong, about 2 cm. long, somewhat edible; seeds minute, 1 mm. long, brown. ‘“Biznaga costillona” (Durango, Patoni). 22. Ferocactus macrodiscus (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 139. 1922. Echinocactus macrodiscus Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 341. 1832. San Luis Potosf and southward. Simple, depressed-globose or sometimes short-cylindric, sometimes 45 cm. in diameter; ribs 16, perhaps more in some specimens, somewhat flattened, sometimes acute, somewhat depressed at the distant areoles; spines all yel- low, more or less curved backward; radial spines 6 to 8, mostly 2 to 3 cm. long; central spines 4, stouter and flatter than the radials, 3.5 cm. long; flowers 5 cm. long, dark red to purple, obconic; inner perianth segments linear- oblong, acute. 23. Ferocactus viridescens (Torr. & Gray) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 140. 1922. Echinocactus viridescens Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 554. 1840. Echinocactus limitus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 374. 1896. Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego. At first nearly globose or somewhat depressed, in age becoming cylindric, 30 to 45 em. high, 25 to 35 cm. in diameter, simple or cespitose, deep green, somewhat glossy; ribs 13 to 21, somewhat rounded, 1 to 2 em. high, obtuse, undulate ; areoles narrow, elliptic, 1 to 2 cm. long, spine-bearing in the lower part, felted in upper part, flower-bearing and also with several reddish glands, these becoming elongate and spinescent in age; spines at first bright red, becoming duller by age or turning yellow or horn-colored; radial spines 9 to 20, more or less spreading, 1 to 2 cm. long; central spines 4, the lower one stouter and more flattened, up to 3.5 cm. long; flowers yellowish green, 4 cm. long; perianth segments oblong, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, more or less serrulate ; seales on the ovary orbicular, imbricate; fruit 1.6 to 2 cm. long, reddish, with a pleasant acid taste ; seeds 1.6 mm. long, pitted. 24, Ferocactus nobilis (L.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 141. 1922. Cactus nobilis L. Mant. Pl. 248. 1767. Cactus recurvus Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cactus no. 3. 1768. Echinocactus recurvus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Befird. Gartenb. 3: pl. 20. 1827. Echinocactus spiralis, Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 60. 1837. 948 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Echinocactus curvicornis Miquel, Linnaea 12: 5. 1888. Echinocactus stellatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840. Echinocactus solenacanthus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 50. 1841. Eastern Mexico. Globular; ribs 15; radial spines Straight, widely spreading; central spine solitary, erect, 7 em. long, broad and flat, recurved at tip, brownish red; flowers 2.5 to 4 cm. long; perianth segments narrow, acute, red with white margins; ovary covered with ovate imbricate scales; fruit short, oblong, 2 em. long, 12 mm. in diameter. 25. Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 83: 143. 1922. Cactus latispinus Haw. Phil. Mag. 63: 41. 1824. Echinocactus cornigerus DC, Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 36. 1828, Echinocactus latispinus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 533. 1880. Widely distributed in Mexico. ' Plant simple, globular or somewhat depressed, 25 to 40 em. high, 40 em. in diameter; ribs 15 to 23, but usually 21, prominent; areoles large; radial spines 6 to 10, slender, annulate, white to rose, 2 to 2.5 ecm. long; central spines 4 or more, stouter and more highly colored than the radials, all straight except one, this much flattened and hooked; flowers campanulate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, rose to purple; perianth Segments narrowly oblong, acute: scales on ovaty closely imbricate, thin and papery, ovate, with thin ciliate margins; scales on flower tube similar to those on ovary but more elongate; fruit elongate, 4 cm. long; seeds described as reniform, slightly pitted, 1.5 mm. long. “ Biznaga de chilitos” (Durango, Oaxaca) ; “biznaga ganchuda” (Zacatecas, Patoni). 26. Ferocactus crassihamatus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 144, 1922. Echinocactus crassihamatus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 468. 1896. Eehinocactus mathssonii Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 76. 1897. Querétaro. ‘ Simple, globose to short-cylindric, pale green, somewhat glaucous; ribs 13, rather prominent, obtuse, strongly undulate; areoles large, only a few on each rib; radial spines 8, spreading, the upper ones straight, 2 or 3 of the lower ones hooked; central spines 5, longer and stouter than the radials, usu- ally red, the stoutest one porrect and hooked ; flowers about 2 em. long, purple; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, acute. 27. Ferocactus hamatacanthus ( Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 3: 144. 1922. ; Echinocactus hamatacanthus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 871. 1846. Echinocactus flecispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 111. 1848. Echinocactus longihamatus Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 16. 1848. Echinocactus sinuatus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 345, 1851, Echinocactus treculianus Labour. Monogr. Cact. 202. 1853. Hehinocactus flavispinus Meinsh. Wochensehr. Giirtn, Pflanz. 1: 28. 1858, Echinocactus haematochroanthus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 532. 1880. Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico. Solitary, globular to oblong, up to 60 cm. high; ribs usually 13, sometimes 17, strongly tubercled, 2 to 3 em. high; areoles large, 1 to 8 cm. apart; radial spines about 12, acicular, terete, 5 to 7 em. long; central spines 4, elongate, angled, sometimes 15 cm. long, one of them hooked at apex; flowers 7 to 8 cm. long, yellow, in some forms said to be scarlet within; fruit oblong, 2 to STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 949 5 em. long, fleshy, edible, dark brown to drab-colored ; seeds pitted. “ Biznaga de tuna” (Tamaulipas); “biznaga de limilla” (Nuevo Leén); “ limilla,” “biznaga costillona,” “biznaga espinosa,” ‘“biznaga ganchuda * (Durango, Patoni). Safford reports that in Nuevo Le6n the fruit is used in cooking as a substi- tute for lemons. 28. Ferocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 146. 1922. Echinocactus uncinatus Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 18. 1848. Echinocactus ancylacanthus Monville; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 201. 1853. Central and eastern Mexico. Western Texas. Plant short-cylindric, 10 to 20 cm. high, bluish, slightly glaucous, with spin- dle-shaped roots; ribs usually 18, straight, strongly tubercled, undulate ; flower- ing areoles narrow, extending from the spine clusters to the base of the tubercles with the flower at the opposite end, felted; areoles also bearing one or more large flat yellow glands, these surrounded by a ring of short yel- low hairs; central spine usually solitary, 12 cm. long or less, erect, yellow below, reddish above, hooked at tip; 3 lower radial spines spreading or reflexed, hooked; upper radials straight; flowers brownish, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, widely spreading; perianth segments numerous, linear-oblong; scales on ovary and flower tube triangular, scarious-margined, in age broadly auriculate at base; fruit oblong, 2 cm. long, at first green, turning brown to crimson and finally scarlet, naked except the appressed scales, somewhat fleshy, edible; seeds black, oblong, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, with basal hilum. 29. Ferocactus rostii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 146. 1922. Northern Baja California. Southeastern California. Sometimes growing in clumps of 8 to 10 heads but usually slender-cylindric, up to 3 meters high; ribs 16 to 22, rather low (hardly 1 cm. high), obtuse, somewhat tubercled: areoles large, white-felted, approximate; spine clusters closely set, the spines interlocking and almost hiding the body of the plant; radial bristles sometimes wanting but when present 2 to 8, white or yel- lowish; spines about 12, sometimes fewer, 3 or 4 central, those on the lower part of the plant more or less spreading, those at or near the top erect, some- what flexible, flattened, annulate, pungent, either straight or curved at apex, perhaps never hooked, usually yellow but sometimes reddish on young plants but also turning yellow in age; flowers dark yellow; fruit red. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. The following are perhaps of this genus: EcCHINOCACTUS HAEMATACANTHUS Monville; Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 466. 1896. Reported from Puebla. Simple, sometimes perhaps proliferous, short-cylindric, 50 cm. high, 30 cm. in d'ameter; ribs 12 to 20, stout, light green; spines all straight, reddish with yellowish tips, the radials 6, the centrals 4, 3 to 6 cm. long; flowers fun- nelform, 6 em. long, purple; scales of ovary round, white-margined; fruit ovoid, 3 cm. long. ECHINOCACTUS RAFAELENSIS Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912. Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosf. In clusters of 8 to 10, globose to short-cylindric, light green, at the apex slightly depressed and woolly; ribs 18 to 20, prominent; areoles elliptic; radial spines 7 to 9, 3 cm. long, the upper ones somewhat connivent; central spine solitary, 4 to 6 cm. long. 79688—24—_8 950 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 34. ECHINOMASTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 147. 1922. Plants small, globular or short-cylindric, ribbed, the ribs low, more or less spiraled, divided into definite tubercles; areoles bearing several acicular spines with or without stouter central ones; flowers central, medium-sized, borne at the spine areoles, usually purple; fruit small, short-oblong, scaly, becoming dry, dehiscing by a basal opening; scales few, their axils naked; seed large, muricate, black, with a depressed ventral hilum. One other species occurs in Arizona. Areoles elongate, with more or less pectinate spines. Central spines unlike, one or two of them different from the others. 1. E. intertextus. Central spines nearly alike_.-..-_________.. -o 2. E. dasyacanthus, Areoles circular. Central spines subulate, some of them strongly curved__3. E. unguispinus. Central spines acicular. Plants globular; ribs 20 to 25; radial spines white____4. E. macdowellii. Plants ovoid; ribs 18 to 21; radial spines with black tips. 5. E. durangensis. 1. Echinomastus intertextus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 149, 1922. Echinocactus intertectus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 277. 1856. Cereus pectinatus centralis Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 386. 1896. Echinocereus centralis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909. Northern Mexico. Texas to Arizona. Simple, globular or nearly so, 2.5 to 10 em. in diameter; ribs 13, somewhat acute, more or less divided into tubercles: areoles 5 to 6 mm. apart, some- what elliptic; spines rigid, red with darker tips; radial spines 16 to 25, ap- pressed, 8 to 15 mm. long, 3 or 4 of the upper radial spines white or nearly so, more slender than the others, almost bristle-like; central spines 4, subulate, 3 of them turned upward and similar to the radials. 10 to 18 mm. long, the other one very short, porrect; flowers 2.5 em. long, nearly as broad as long, purplish; outer perianth segments about 20, broadly ovate, white-margined; inner perianth segments 20 to 25, oblong, mucronate; fruit nearly globular, $ to 10 mm. in diameter, with a few scarious scales; seeds black, shining, 2 mm. in diameter. 2. Echinomastus dasyacanthus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 150. 1922. Echinocactus intertextus dasyacanthus Engelm, Proc. Amer, Acad. 3: 277. 1856. Southwestern Texas, the type from El Paso; doubtless occurring also in Chihuahua. Plants cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs somewhat spiraled, made up of nu- merous compressed tubercles; spines slender, more or less purplish; radials. 19 to 25, 12 to 22 mm. long: centrals about 4, nearly equal; top of flowering plant and young areoles very woolly; scales and outer perianth segments red with white margins; inner perianth segments white or purplish, about 2.5 em. long, acute or acuminate; ovary bearing a few ovate scales, these naked in their axils. 3. Echinomastus unguispinus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 150. 1922. Echinocactus unguispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 111. 1848. Echinocactus trollietii Rebut, Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 147. 1895. Chihuahua and Zacatecas; type from Pelayo, Chihuahua. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 951 Plants simple, usually globular, sometimes short-cylindric, 10 to 12 cm. high when mature, pale bluish green; ribs low ; areoles woolly when young, circular ; armament very peculiar, at times almost hiding the plant, most of the spines being erect or connivent; radial spines widely spreading, often as many as 29, usually white, except the tips, these darker, the upper ones 2 cm. long, a little longer than the lower; central spines 4 to 8, stouter than the radials, at first reddish or black, but becoming grayish blue in age, the lowest turned outward and downward and all more or less curved; flowers 2.5 cm. long, reddish. 4. Echinomastus macdowellii (Rebut) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 151. 1922. Echinocactus macdowellit Rebut ; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 133. 1894. Northern Mexico. Simple, globular or a little depressed, about 7 cm. high, 12 cm. in diameter, covered with a mass of interlocking spines; ribs 20 to 25, pale green, 5 to 7 mm. high, divided into tubercles; radial spines 15 to 20, white, spreading, up to 1.8 em. long; central spines 3 or 4, dark colored, the longest up to 5 cm. in length; flowers rose-colored, up to 4 cm. long; ovary globose, said to be scaly. 5. Echinomastus durangensis (Riinge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 152. 1922. Echinocactus durangensis Riinge, Hamb,. Gartenz. 46: 231. 1890. Zacatecas and Durango. Simple, ovoid, about 8 cm. long, 7 em. in diameter; ribs 18 to 21, low; are- oles white-woolly when young, but without wool when old; radial spines 15 to 30, the lower shorter than the upper, more or less incurved, white except the black tips, 1.5 cm. long; central spines 3 or 4, a little longer than the radials, acicular, about 2 cm. long. 35, ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 420. 1827. Plants very large, thick, cylindric and many-ribbed, or low and several- ribbed, the top clothed with a dense mass of wool or nearly naked; areoles very spiny, large, those on the upper part of old plants sometimes united ; flowers from the crown of the plant, often partly hidden by the dense wool at the top, usually yellow, rarely pink, of medium size; outer perianth seg- ments narrow, sometimes terminating in pungent tips; inner perianth seg- ments oblong, thinner than the outer, obtuse ; scales on flower tube numerous, imbricate, persistent, pungent; scales on ovary small, often linear, their axils filled with matted wool; fruit densely covered with white wool, thin-walled, oblong; seeds blackish, smooth, shining, or rarely papillose, with a small sub- basal hilum. One other species is known, a native of Utah and Arizona. Plants very large, often becoming cylindric. Spines all bright yellow_---------------------------------- 1. BE. grusonii. Spines brown to gray, rarely some of them yellowish. Inner perianth segments linear-oblong, entire__—----------- 2. E, ingens. Inner perianth segments oblong, more or less toothed or lacerate. Spines all of one kind_-------------------------------- 3. E. visnaga. Spines both radial and central. Central spine solitary. Flowers 4 to 5 cm. long; central spine 4 to 5 em. long, nearly black___--_-------------- “+--+ --- 4, E. grandis. Flowers 3 cm. long; central spine 3 cm. long, grayish in age. 5. E. platyacanthus. Central spines several___--~------------~~--~---------- 6. E. palmeri. 952 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants relatively small, subglobose. Flowers yellow-.--------------e 7. E. polycephalus. Flowers pink_----------- 8. E. horizonthalonius. 1. Echinocactus grusonii Hildemann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 4, 1891. San Luis Potosf and Hidalgo. Plants single, depressed-globose, 20 to 130 cm. high or more, often 40 to 80 cm. in diameter, light green; ribs 21 to 37, rather thin and high; spines when young golden yellow, becoming pale and nearly white, in age dirty brown; radial spines 8 to 10, subulate, 3 cm. long; central spines usually 4, up to 5 em. long; flowers 4 to 6 em, long, 5 cm. broad at top, the segments never widely spreading; flower tube 8 em. broad, covered with lanceolate long-acuminate scales; outer perianth segments long-acuminate, brownish on the outside, yel- Jowish within; inner perianth Segments cadmium-yellow, erect, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; ovary spherical, bearing acuminate scales with an abundance of wool in their axils; fruit oblong to spherical, 12 to 20 mm. long, thin-walled, covered with white wool or becoming naked below; seeds smooth, dark chestnut-brown, shining, 1.5 mm. long. Echinocactus corynacanthus Scheidw. and E. galeottii Scheidw. (Allg. Gar- tenz, 9: 50. 1841) may belong here. 2. Echinocactus ingens Zucec.; Pfeiff, Enum. Cact. 54. 1837. Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico. Globular to short-oblong, 150 cm. high, 125 em. in diameter (but reported bs Karwinsky to be 5 to 6 feet in diameter), glaucescent, somewhat purplish, very woolly at the top; ribs numerous, tuberculate; areoles large, distant, 2.5 to 3 cm. apart, bearing copious yellow Wool; spines brown, straight, rigid, 2 to 3 em. long; radial spines 8; central spine 1; perianth 2 cm. long, 3 em. broad; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, yellow, entire, obtuse; fruit ovoid, 3 cm. long, copiously covered by wool, coming from the axils of small scales; seeds large, black, shining, reniform. 8. Echinocactus visnaga Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 77: pl. 4559. 1851. San Luis Potosf. Very large, 2 to 3 meters high, 70 to 100 em. in diameter, glaucous-green, the summit covered with a mass of tawny wool; ribs 15 to 40, somewhat undulate but hardly tubercled, acute; areoles large, approximate and sometimes almost touching one another; spines 4, stout, subulate, all radial, the upper one erect, 5 em. long, the 3 lower spreading, pale brown; flowers yellow, 7 to 8 em. broad when fully expanded; inner perianth segments numerous, oblong, spatulate, acute, serrate, 3.5 long; ovary elongate, 8 to 10 em. long, crowned by the per- sistent perianth, densely lanate; scales on upper part of ovary, at least, narrow, subpungent. 4. Echinocactus grandis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906. Puebla, the type from Tehuaciin. Simple, cylindric, 1 to 2 meters high, 60 to 100 em. in diameter, dull green and, when young, with broad horizontal bands, very woolly at the crown; ribs on young plants as few as 8, broad, high, and more or less undulate, but in old plants very numerous and rather thin; areoles remote on young plants, confluent in old flowering plants; spines stout, subulate, distinctly banded, especially the stouter ones, at first yellowish but soon reddish brown; radial spines usually 5 or 6, 3 to «4 cm. long, central spine solitary, 4 to 5 cm. long, straight; flowers numerous, yellow, 4 to 5 em. long; scales on the ovary linear, their axils bearing an abundance of wool covering the ovary STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 953 with a dense felty mass; upper scales narrow, rigid, more or less spiny- tipped; outer perianth segments ovate, long-apiculate, with ciliate margins; inner segments oblong, obtuse, retuse or apiculate, serrulate; fruit hidden in a mass of soft white wool, oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds black, shining, 2.5 mm, long. 5. Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. 3: 423. 1827. Eastern Mexico. Stems nearly globular, 50 cm. high, 60 cm. broad, light green, very woolly at apex; ribs 21 to 30, acute; spines brownish at first, grayish in age; radial spines 4, spreading. 12 to 16 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, spread- ing, 3 em. long; flowers 3 cm. long, long-woolly; outer perianth segments lanceolate, mucronate; inner perianth segments obtuse, yellow. 6. Echinocactus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 299. 1909. Coahuila to Zacatecas; type from Concepcién del Rio, Zacatecas. Stems 1 to 2 meters high, 40 to 50 cm. in diameter; ribs 12 to 26, or per- haps more in large plants; central spines 4, annular, the upper one erect, 6 to 8 cm. long, stout, straight, yellow above, brownish and somewhat swollen at base, the 3 lower ones shorter, spreading, similar in color and markings but flattened; radial spines 5 to 8, much smaller, lighter colored and weaker ; flowers yellow, rather small; perianth segments about 2 cm. long, more or less lacerate along the margin; fruit about 3 cm. long, hidden in a dense covering of soft white wool; scales weak and bristle-tipped. ‘“ Biznaga burra” (Zacatecas). 7. Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 276. 1856. Northern Sonora; reported from Baja California. Utah and Arizona to California; type from the Mojave River, California. Solitary when young, in age forming large clumps of 20 to 30 heads, each globular to short-cylindric, sometimes as much as 70 em. high but usually smaller; ribs 18 to 21, rather stout, 2 to 3 cm. high, somewhat undulate, nearly hidden under the dense spine armament; areoles 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, 1 to 3.5 em. apart; spines 7 to 15, when young covered with a downy felt but afterwards glabrate, reddish, subulate, more or less flattened, the radials 2.5 to 5 em. long; central spines 4, stouter than the radials, 3 to 9 em. long, more or less annulate; flowers yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long; scales on ovary minute, hidden under the mass of Tong wool borne in their axils; scales on flower tube numerous, only a little longer than the wool, chartaceous, pungent; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, entire, obtuse ; fruit densely woolly, crowned by the somewhat spinescent scales, globose to oblong, dry, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds angled, papillose, dull black, 3 to 4 mm. long. 8. Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 19. 1839. Echinocactus equitans Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 61: 88. 1839. Echinocactus laticostatus Engelm. & Bigel. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 32. 1856. Northern Mexico. Western Texas to Arizona. Simple, globular or sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, 4 to 25 em. high, glaucous; ribs 7 to 13, obtuse, often spirally arranged; spines 6 to 9, some- what curved or straight, 2 to 4 cm. long,.often very stout, more or less flat- tened, often annulate, reddish or sometimes blackish at base; central spine solitary, stouter than the radials; flowers pale rose to pink, 5 to 7 em. long before expanding, broader than long when fully open; outer perianth seg- 954 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ments linear with more or less pungent tips; inner perianth segments nar- rowly oblong, about 3 em. long; ovary and fruit bearing linear scales, their axils very woolly; fruit dehiscing by a basal pore, oblong, red, 3 em. long, clothed with long white wool; seeds 2 mm. long, more or less angled, brownish black, papillose. “Manca mula,” “ biznaga meloncillo,” “biznaga de dulce” (Durango, Patoni) ; “manca caballo” (Zacatecas) ; “biznaga” (Texas). The flesh of the young plants is said to be employed for making a sweet- meat, like that prepared from Ferocactus. 36. HOMALOCEPHALA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 181. 1922. A single species is known. 1. Homalocephala texensis (Hopffer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 181. 1922. Echinocactus texensis Hopffer, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 297. 1842. Echinocactus platycephalus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 9, 1848. Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico: type from Texas. Usually simple, sometimes globose, but generally much depressed, in large plants 30 cm. broad, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs 13 to 27, very prominent, acute; areoles only 2 to 6 to a rib, densely white-felted when young, large; radial spines usually 6, rarely 7, spreading or recurved, more or less flattened, un- equal, 1.2 to 4 cm. long, rarely 5 cm. long, reddish, more or less annulate; central spine solitary, longer than the radials, 3 to 6.5 em. long, 38 to 8 mm. broad, much flattened, strongly annulate; flowers broadly campanulate, 5 to 6 cm. long and fully as broad, scarlet and orange below, pink to nearly white above; outer perianth segments linear with more or Jess lacerate margins and terminated by long spinose tips; inner perianth segments with less pungent tip or without any, but with strongly lacerate margins; stigma lobes 10, linear, pale pink; scales on ovary and flower tube linear, pungent; fruit scarlet, globular, 16 to 40 mm. in diameter, nearly smooth when mature, at first pulpy but becoming dry and apparently splitting open unequally; seeds large, uni- form, black, smooth, shining, somewhat flattened, angled on the back, 3 mm. broad. “Manca caballo” (Nuevo Leén). 37. ASTROPHYTUM Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 3. 1839. Plants globular or more or less flattened to short-cylindric; ribs few, very prominent, more or less covered with white radiating hairy scales; spines usually wanting, weak or subulate in two species; flowers borne at the top of the plant, large, yellowish with a reddish center, soon fading, persistent, campanulate to short-funnelform; fruit globular, covered with brown scarious imbricate scales, these woolly in their axils, and more or less pungent; seeds dark brown, smooth and shining, with a large depressed hilum having inturned margins. The following are the only species known. Spines none. Plants globular to columnar; flowers 4 to 6 cm. long___-1. A. myriostigma. Plants much depressed; flowers 3 cm. long__________ 2. A. asterias. Spines present. Spines flat, ribbon-like, hardly pungent____..... | 3. A. capricorne. Spines subulate ------------ = 4. A. ornatum. 1. Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 4. 1839. Cereus callicoche Galeotti; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 6': 88. 1839, Echinocactus myriostigma Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 22. 1845, Northern Central Mexico; occurring in Coahuila and San Luis Potosi and elsewhere. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 955 Plants solitary or cespitose, globular to cylindric, up to 60 cm. high; ribs usually 5, sometimes 6, 8, or rarely even 10, very broad, acute, usually covered with white woolly scales but sometimes naked; spines wanting, at least on old plants; flowers 4 to 6 em. long; outer perianth segments narrow, with brown scarious tips; inner perianth segments oblong; scales on ovary and flower tube scarious, imbricate, narrow, often bristly-tipped, with long wool in their axils. “Mitra” (San Luis Potosf) ; “birreta de obispo” (Coahuila) ; “ bonete ”’, “peyote cimarrén ” (Durango). 2. Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem. Cact. 50. 1868. Echinocactus asterias Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 4*: 13. 1845. Tamaulipas and Nuevo Ledén, and elsewhere in northern Mexico. Plant much depressed, only 2 to 3 em. high, about 8 em. broad; ribs 8, very low, almost flat on top, the surface bearing numerous depressions, containing tufts of wool; areoles prominent, circular, felted, 4 to 5 mm. apart, spineless ; flowers 3 cm. long, yellow. “ Peyote.” 3. Astrophytum capricorne (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 184. 1922. Echinocactus capricornis Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 274. 1851. Northern Mexico; type from La Rinconada. Subglobose or short-cylindric, up to 25 cm. high; ribs 7 or 8, high, acute; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines several, more or less flattened, weak, hardly pungent, brown, 3 to 5 em. long; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long; outer perianth seg- ments reddish, gradually passing into the lemon-yellow inner ones, spatulate, acute or cuspidate, entire or more or less toothed; seeds 2.5 mm. broad, shining. ““Biznaga de estropajo” (Durango, Patoni). 4, Astrophytum ornatum (DC.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 185. 1922. Echinocactus ornatus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828. Echinocactus mirbelii Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 22. 1838. Echinocactus holopterus Miquel, Linnaea 12: 2. 1838. Echinocactus tortus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 493. 1838. Echinocactus ghiesbrechtit Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850. Echinopsis haageana Linke, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflantz. 1: 86. 1858. Hidalgo and Querétaro. Subglobose to cylindric, 3 em. high or more, the surface more or less white- floccose; ribs 8, rather prominent, 2 cm. high or more, acute; areoles 1 to 5 em. apart, felted; spines 5 to 11, subulate, yellow at first, becoming brown, often 3 cm. long; flowers lemon-yellow, 7 to 9 cm. broad; inner perianth segments broadly oblong, with a broad, more or less serrate apex; scales on ovary very narrow. 38. CACTUS L. Sp. Pl. 466. 1753. About 18 species are known, natives of tropical America. 1. Cactus salvador (Murillo) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 228. 1922. Melocactus salvador Murillo, Circular (about 1897). Vicinity of Jalapa, Veracruz. Plants simple, globose, 30 to 40 cm. in diameter; ribs 13; radial spines 1 to 8, longer and stouter than the radials, those near the center of the plant nearly erect, those on the side somewhat curved downward; cephalium 8 em. in diameter; flowers rose-pink; seeds black. Two other species of Melocactus have been described from Mexico, M. curvispinus Pfeiff. (Enum. Cact. 46. 1837) and M. delessertianus Lem. (Hort. Univ. 1: 225. 1839), but both are \mperfectly known. 956 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 39. ANCISTROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 3. 1923. Small, globular or short-cylindric plants, indistinctly ribbed, strongly tu- bercled, very spiny, one of the central spines always hooked; flowering tubercles more or less grooved on the upper side; flowers rather small, short, funnelform, borne at the top of the plant; ovary small, bearing a few thin scales, these always naked in their axils; fruit oblong, greenish, juicy, thin-celled, usually naked below but with a few broad cordate thin-mar- gined scales above; seeds globular, rather large, brownish to black. One other species occurs in Texas, Radial spines 20 or more, strongly appressed, pectinate; flowering areoles naked —-_- oe 1, A. megarhizus. Radial spines 19 or fewer, more or less spreading, hardly pectinate; flower- ing areoles woolly-__------- 2. A. scheeri. 1. Ancistrocactus megarhizus (Rose) Britt. & Rose. Cactaceae 4: 4, 1923. Echinocactus megarhizus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 290. 1909. Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Solitary or in clusters of 3 or 4; plant body nearly globular or a little elon- gate, 5 to 8 em. high, usually solitary, from large fleshy roots; ribs spiral, divided into dark green tubercles, 4 to 5 em. high; radial spines 20 or more, pectinate, at first pale yellow, in age white; in seedlings the spines pubescent ; central spines usually 4, the 3 upper similar to the radials, although a little stouter, the lower central spines stout and strongly hooked, 15 mm. long; fruit green, suggesting that of a Coryphantha, clavate, bearing a few naked scales near the top; seeds black, smooth, shining. 2. Ancistrocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 4, 1923. Lchinocactus scheeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 155. 1850. Northern Mexico. Texas. Globular to clavate, 3.5 to 5 em. long; ribs usually 138, indistinct, somewhat spiraled, strongly divided into stout terete tubercles grooved only to the mid- dle; radial spines 15 to 18, spreading, 12 mm. long or less, white to straw- colored ; central spines 8 or 4, the lowest strongly hooked ; flowers 2.5 em. long, greenish yellow; ovary small, nearly naked; seeds large (about 2 mm. long), brown and minutely tuberculate (according to Coulter). 40. THELOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251, 1922. Plants of medium size, globular or somewhat depressed, spiny, often densely so; ribs few, low or even indistinct, often spiraled, divided into large tubercles ; flowering tubercles more or less grooved above; flowers from near the center of the plant, borne on very young tubercles, rather large, campanulate, di- urnal; scales on ovary usually few, their axils naked; fruit, so far as known, dry, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds numerous, black, finely tuberculate, with a large basal hilum. The species here listed are the only ones known. Ribs indefinite, Strongly tubercled. Spines partly curved outward-------- 5. T. buekii. Spines all straight. Tubercles not flattened laterally; radial spines 6 to 9. 1. T. hexaedrophorus. Tubercles flattened laterally; radial spines 1 to 5. Flowers white__-----------e 2. T. rinconensis. Flowers not white. Flowers salmon to yellow__--..---- 3. T. lophothele. Flowers rose-purple--_.---- --4. T. phymatothele. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 957 Ribs definite, but more or less divided into tubercles. Flowers yellowish. Ribs 8 to 138______-------------------------------- 6. T. leucacanthus. Ribs 20 to 25___________------------------------------- 7. T. nidulans. Flowers red to purple. Spines all straight. Spines subulate_-_____-------------------..--------- 8. T. fossulatus. Spines acicular_--__------------------~-------------- 9. T. tulensis. Spines more or less curved. Spines 8 or fewer_--~------------ -------------------- 10. T. lloydii. Spines numerous. Central spines flexible, usually straight, porrect or ascending. 11. T. bicolor. Central spines subulate, rigid, some of them curved and reflexed. 12. T. pottsii. 1. Thelocactus hexaedrophorus (Lemaire) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922. Echinocactus hexaedrophorus Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 27. 1839. Central Mexico; type from Tampico, Tamaulipas. Globose or somewhat flattened above or umbilicate, glaucous, strongly tuber- cled, not ribbed, 13 to 14 cm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, somewhat 6-sided, 27 mm. broad at base, arranged in indefinite spirals; radial spines 6 to 9, spreading, unequal, 11 to 18 mm. long, rigid, straight, subulate, annulate; central spine much stouter than the radials, erect, 2.3 to 3 cm. long; flowers 5.5 em. long and broader than long when expanded; perianth segments oblong, purplish, 2. Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 7. 1923. Echinocactus rinconensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 18. 1855. Nuevo Leén; type from Rinconada. Simple, globose or somewhat depressed, 6 to 8 cm. high, 12 cm. in diameter ; ribs somewhat spiraled, strongly tubercled; tubercles more or less flattened laterally, somewhat angled; spines usually only 3, acicular, 1.5 cm. long; flowers white, 4 cm. long; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute. 3. Thelocactus lophothele (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922. Echinocactus lophothele Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850. Chihuahua; type from Chihuahua City. Simple or in its native state cespitose, globose, sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, up to 25 cm. high, glaucous; ribs indefinite, strongly tubercu- late, the tubercles flattened; areoles depressed, grayish-lanate when young; radial spines 3 to 5, stout, purplish brown, 1 to 3 cm. long; central spines wanting or solitary; flowers salmon to rose, about 5 cm. broad; perianth seg- ments nearly linear, acute; scales of ovary glabrous, 6 mm. long. 4. Thelocactus phymatothele (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8. 1923. Echinocactus phymatothelos Poselger ; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 602. 1885. Mexico, the range not known. Simple, depressed-globose, 5 cm. high, 9 to 10 cm. in diameter; ribs glaucous- green, 13, divided into low irregular tubercles, these somewhat flattened and pointed; spines usually 1 to 3, sometimes wanting, subulate, rigid, 2 cm. long, brown, spreading; flowers 6 cm. broad; inner perianth segments pinkish, narrow, acute; scales present on ovary and flower tube. 958 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 5. Thelocactus buekii (Klein) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8 1923. Echinocactus buekii Klein, Gartenflora 8: 257. 1859. Mexico, the locality not known. Stems simple, deep green; tubercles dist'nct, somewhat pointed, angled; spines about 7, reddish, unequal, some of them outwardly curved, the longer ones much elongate; flowers dark red; inner perianth segments narrow. 6. Thelocactus leucacanthus (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8, 1923. Echinocactus leucacanthus Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 66. 1837. Cereus tuberosus Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 102. 1837, Cereus maelenii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 378. 1837. Echinocactus porrectus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 25. 1838. Hehinocactus subporrectus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov, 25. 1888. Eehinocactus theloideus Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 396. 1850. Central Mexico; type from Zimapfin, Hidalgo. Densely cespitose, short-cylindric, 10 to 15 em. long; ribs 8 to 18, sometimes spiraled, obtuse, tubercled; radial spines 7 to 20, at first light yellow, in age gray, spreading or recurved, unequal, the longer ones 4 cm. long, more or less annulate; central spines solitary, at first blackish, in age gray, up to 5 cm. long; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; inner perianth segments numerous, lanceolate, acute; ovary and flower tube bearing broad imbricate scales. Here should perhaps be referred Echinocactus ehrenvergii Pfeiffer (Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838). 7. Thelocactus nidulans (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 9. 1923. Echinocactus nidulans Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 119. 1911. Mexico, the range not known. Simple, depressed-globose, 10 em. high, sometimes 20 cm. in diameter, gray, usually glaucous; ribs 20 to 25, rather indistinct, divided into tubercles; spines about 15, all similar, 2 to 6 em. long; flowers 4 cm. long, yellowish white. 8. Thelocactus fossulatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 10. 1923. Hchinocactus fossulatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 49. 1841. San Luis Potostf. Globose to much depressed, 10 to 15 em. in diameter ; ribs usually 13, slightly glaucous, bronzed; tubercles large, Somewhat flabby, more or less compressed, dorsally somewhat angled; flowering areoles narrow, sometimes extendinz forward to the next tubercle; radial spines 4 or 5, unequal, 1 to 3.5 em. long, brown; central spine Solitary, 3 to 4.5 em. long, subulate, annulate; flowers central, nearly white or slightly tinged with pink; scales on flower tube ovate, their scarious margins slightly ciliate. Echinocactus drageanus Moerder (Rev. Hort. 67: 186. 1895) and Z. droege- anus Hildmann (Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 438. 1898) probably belong here. 9. Thelocactus tulensis (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 11. 1923. Echinocactus tulensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz, 21: 125. 1853. Tamaulipas; type from Tula. Plant simple to abundantly cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, up to 26 cm. high; ribs 8 to 13, strongly tubercled: radial spines 6 to 8, more or less spreading, 10 to 15 mm. long, brownish; central spines solitary or sometimes 2,3 cm. long; flowers 2.5 cm, long, rose-colored ; inner perianth segments linear. oblong, acute. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 959 10. Thelocactus lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 11. 1923. Zacatecas. Plants simple, depressed-globose, 8 to 12 cm. broad, pale bluish green, strongly tubercled and strongly armed; tubercles conspicuous but low, often wider than long, sometimes 4 cm. wide; flowering groove rather conspicuous but narrow, extending from the spines halfway to the axil of the tubercle; spines usually 8, sometimes with a smaller accessory one, all ascending from the base and curved outward from the center, terete or somewhat angled at base, often highly colored below, with sharp yellowish crimson tips, the longer ones 6 cm. long; outer perianth segments very pale purple. 11. Thelocactus bicolor (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922. Echinocactus bicolor Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 25. 1848. Echinocactus rhodophthalmus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4486. 1850. Echinocactus ellipticus Lem. Jard. Fleur. 3: pl. 270. 1853. Echinocactus bolansis Rtinge, Gartenflora 38: 106. 1889. Central and eastern Mexico. Texas. Plants simple, globose to conic, glaucous, small, up to 38 cm. high, very spiny; ribs usually 8, broad, somewhat tubercled; areoles approximate ; spines highly colored, sometimes bright red or yellowish or red and yellow; radial spines 9 to 18, widely spreading or sometimes bent backward at tip, 3 cm. long or less; central spines usually 4, ascending or porrect, all straight, 3 to 5 em. long, subulate; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long and fully as broad when ex- panded; outer perianth segments pale purple, the inner ones deep purplish pink, oblong, acute; scales on ovary and flower tube imbricate, ovate, with scarious and ciliate margins; fruit about 1 ecm. long, dehiscing by a large irregular basal opening; seeds 2 mm. long, black. 12. Thelocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 12. 1923. Echinocactus pottsit Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850. Echinocactus heterochromus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 466. 1896. Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Chihuahua City. Globular or somewhat depressed, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, somewhat glaucous, yellowish ; ribs 8 or 9, broad and obtuse, more or less distinctly tubercled; areoles large, closely set on old plants, densely felted when young, naked in age; sp’nes variable as to number, shape, size, and color; radial spines 7 to 10, acicular, usually terete, straight or incurved, more or less banded with red and white or pale yellow, 1 to 3 cm. long; central spines several, stout-subulate, more or less flattened, 3 to 4 cm. long, often white, sometimes banded with red; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; scales on ovary and flower tube ovate, greenish, the margins thin and ciliate; inner perianth segments light purple, darker at base, oblong; fruit globose, 1.5 cm. in diam- eter; seeds tuberculate, black. 41, NEOLLOYDIA Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922. Small, more or less cespitose cacti, fibrous-rooted, cylindric, densely spiny, tubercled; tubercles more or less arranged on spiraled ribs, grooved above; radial spines numerous, widely spreading; central spines one to several, much stouter and longer than the radials; flowers large, pink or purple, subcentral from the axils of nascent tubercles, their segments widely spreading; fruit 960 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. compressed-globose, dull-colored, thin-walled, becoming papery, dry, with few scales or none; seeds globose, black, dull, tuberculate-roughened, with a large white basal scar. One other species occurs in Texas. Plants small, 3 cm. or less in diameter ; central spines sometimes wanting. 1, N. pilispina. Plants larger; central spines always present. Central spines curved or hooked__.--------- 2. N. clavata. Central spines all straight. Central spine solitary. Central spine stiff, porrect_....---- = 3. N. horripila. Central spine weak, ascending or connivent_________ | 4, N. beguinii. Central spines several. Spines white, or sometimes dark above... __ 5. N. ceratites. Spines, at least the central ones or part of them, black___6. N. conoidea. 1. Neolloydia pilispina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 14. 1923. Mammillaria pilispina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 150, 1912. San Luis Potos{; type from Minas de San Rafael. Plants cespitose, about 3 em. in diameter; ribs indistinct, of very definite, somewhat angled tubercles; young spine areoles clothed with abundant long white wool covering the top of the plant; radial spines 6 or 7, 5 to 6 mm. long, weak and spreading the upper ones longer and connivent over the top of the plant, 2 cm. long or more, white with blackish tips; central spines often wanting, sometimes one; flowers 1.5 to 2 ecm. long, purplish; outer perianth segments brownish. 2. Neolloydia clavata (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 15, 1923. Mammillaria clavata Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494. 1838, Mammillaria stipitata Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 495, 1888. Mammillaria rhaphidacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 84. 1839, Mammillaria ancistracantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 36. 1839, ?Mammillaria potosiana Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856. Mammillaria sulcoglandulifera Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856. ?Cactus brunneus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 117, 1894. ?Cactus maculatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 117. 1894, Mammillaria radicantissima Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 164, 1912. San Luis Potosf. Plants simple, elongate, cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high, dark bluish green; tubercles in rows of 5, 8, and 13, conie, grooved above, the axils when young bearing short white wool; glands in the groove 1 to several, large, red; radial spines 6 to 12, with reddish or black tips; central spine 1, somewhat longer than the radials, curved or even hooked; flowers small for the genus, about 2 em. long: outer perianth segments linear, acute, entire, with broad brownish midrib, the inner ones linear, entire, narrow, creamy white. 3. Neolloydia horripila ( Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16. 1923. Mammillaria horripila Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 7. 1838. Hidalgo. Simple or somewhat cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, 10 to 12 em. high; tubercles glaucous, prominent, rounded at apex; radial spines 8 to 10, acicular, spreading, 15 mm. long, grayish; central spines solitary, straight, a little longer than the radials: flowers deep purple, 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments narrowly oblong, acute. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 961 4, Neolloydia beguinii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 252. 1922. Echinocactus beguinii Weber; Schum, Gesamtb. Kakt, 442, 1898. Zacatecas and Coahuila; type probably from Saltillo, Coahuila. Plant body cylindric, 10 to 15 cm. high; ribs spiraled and divided at regular intervals into low tubercles resembling geometric figures, pale bluish green but nearly hidden by the dense covering of spines; radial spines 20 or more, white but with dark tips; centrals usually single, longer and ascend- ing; flowers appearing from the top of the plant, 3 to 4 cm. long, bright pink; ovary without scales; seeds black, tubercled. 5, Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16. 1923. Mammillaria ceratites Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 155. 1909. Mexico. Simple or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 6 to 10 cm. high; tubercles somewhat 4-angled, more or less arranged in ribs; young areoles very woolly but becoming naked; radial spines 15 to 20, more or less spreading, white, 1.5 em. long; central spines 5 or 6, longer and stouter than the radials, blackish above; flowers purple, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; perianth segments oblong, acute. 6. Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 252. 1922, Mammillaria conoidea DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828. Mammillaria grandiflora Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 33. 1837. Mammillaria diaphanacantha Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 39. 1888. Mammillaria inconspicua Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 495. 1838. Mammillaria echinocactoides Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 281. 1840. Mammillaria scheeri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845. Mammillaria strobiliformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 113. 1848. Zacatecas and elsewhere in northern Mexico. Sometimes simple but usually cespitose, sometimes forming large clusters, often branching or budding above, short-cylindric; tubercles in 5 or 8 spiral rows, obtuse, their axils very woolly ; spines very numerous, often completely covering the plant; radial spines white, 25 or more, widely spreading, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines several, stouter and longer than the radials, 1 to 3 em. long, blackish; flowers large; outer perianth segments dull purple with- out, lighter toward the margins, the inner ones rich purple; fruit compressed, globose, dull yellow, mottled with red, becoming dry and papery, then brown ; seeds 1 mm. in diameter. 42. MAMILLOPSIS Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 19. 1923. Cespitose cacti, often forming large clusters, globular or short-cylindric, completely hidden under a mass of long soft white hairlike spines; tubercles not arranged in ribs, more or less conic, not grooved above, spine-bearing at the apex, their axils pubescent and bristly; radial spines numerous, weak, straight; central spines 4 to 6, with yellow hooked tips; flowers from near the top of the plant but apparently from the axils of old areoles, with a regular straight slender scaly tube and a broad spreading limb; perianth segments oblong, obtuse; stamens and style erect, long-exserted beyond the tube; scales on flower tube orbicular, obtuse. Only the following species are known. Flowers 6 to 7 cm. long, orange-yellow_----------------------- 1. M. senilis. Flowers 3 em. long, deep red__---~--------------------------- 2. M. diguetii. 962 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Mamillopsis senilis (Lodd.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 19, 1923. Mammillaria senilis Loda. ; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 82. 1850. High mountains of Chihuahua and Durango. Stems 6 to 15 cm. high, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, the flesh juicy and drying red; tubercles 3 to 4 mm. long; spines 30 to 40, 2 em. long; flowers 6 em. broad; perianth segments oblong, acute, with serrate margin. “Cabeza de vieja ” (Ochoterena). 2. Mamillopsis diguetii ( Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 20. 1923. Mammillaria senilis diguetii Weber, Bull, Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 383. 1904. Jalisco and Sinaloa; type from Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco. Plants densely cespitose, forming a hemispheric clump of some 35 globular heads, each 25 cm. in diameter; radial spines numerous, dark straw-colored ; flowers about 2 cm. broad; ovary bearing small scales, 43. COCHEMIEA Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 50. 1899. Plant body cylindric, often much elongate, the surface covered with spirally arranged tubercles, these not milky; tubercles not grooved above; spines both central and radial; flowers borne from the axils of upper old tubercles, nar- rowly tubular, curved and bilabiate; perianth segments in 2 series; stamens and style red, exserted; ovary naked; fruit indehiscent, globular, red, naked, bearing a large scar at the top; seeds black, reticulate. The species here listed are the only ones known. Spines all straight-_-------_-.--_- eee 1. C. halei. Spines with some or all of the centrals hooked. Central spine normally solitary... 2. C. poselgeri. Central spines normally 2 to 11 (sometimes only one in No. 8). Central spines 1 to 4._------- 3. C. setispina. Central spines 8 to 11_------ee ee 4, C. pondii. 1, Cochemiea halei (T. S. Brandeg.) Walton, Cact. Journ, 2: 50, 1899. Mammillaria halei T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 161. 1889. Islands of southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Island. Cespitose ; stems nearly upright, often 30 to 50 em. high, 5 to 7.5 em. in di- ameter, almost entirely covered by the spines; tubercles short, their axils woolly but not setose; radial spines 10 to 20, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, 25 mm. long, all straight; flowers central or nearly so, 4 to 5 em. long; fruit scarlet, 12 mm. long; seeds reticulate. 2. Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildmann) Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 4: 22. 1929. Mammillaria poselgeri Hildmann, Gartenflora 34: 559. 1885. Mammillaria roseana T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 19. 1891. Mammillaria radliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 104. 1892. Lower elevations in southern Baja California; type from the Cape Region. Stems numerous from a central root, spreading or sometimes pendent from rocks or creeping over the ground, often 2 meters long, 4 cm. thick; areoles and upper axils white-woolly, the latter rarely setose; tubercles remote, some- what flattened; radial spines 7 to 9, 9 to 12 mm. long, straw-colored; central spine 1, hooked, 25 mm. long; flowers appearing in the upper axils, 3 em. long, scarlet; fruit globular, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 3. Cochemiea setispina (Coulter) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899. Cactus setispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 106. 1894. Mammillaria setispina Engelm.; K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 117. 1897. Interior of southern Baja California, the type from San Borgia. STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 963 Stems ascending, 30 cm. high; tubercles short, their axils woolly but not setose; radial spines 10 to 12, white with black tips, widely spreading, un- equal, 10 to 34 mm. long, slender; central spines 1 to 4, stouter than the radials, one of them strongly hooked; fruit obovoid, 3 cm. long, scarlet; seeds black and pitted. 4. Cochemiea pondii (Greene) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899. Mammillaria pondii Greene, Pittonia 1: 268. 1889. Islands off the west coast of northern Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Stems at first upright, cylindric, simple or few-branched, 7 to 30 cm. high, hidden under a dense covering of spines; axils of tubercles setose; young areoles white-tomentose; radial spines white or whitish or sometimes brownish, 15 to 25, spreading; central spines 8 to 11, much longer and stouter than the radials, the longest 3 cm. long, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers slender, 5 cm. long, bright scarlet; fruit purplish red, 18 mm. long, ovoid to obovoid. 44, CORYPHANTHA Lem. Cact. 32. 1868. Plant body globular to cylindric, either simple or cespitose; tubercles, ex- cept the very earliest ones, grooved on the upper surface from apex to base; flowers from near the top of the plant and from the base of young and growing tubercles, large and showy, generally yellow, sometimes purple or red; ovary naked or bearing a few scales in some species; perianth long- persistent; fruit large, ripening slowly, ovoid .to oblong, greenish or yellow- ish; seeds brown, lightly reticulate or nearly smooth. A few other species occur in the United States, and one is found in Cuba. Tubercles grooved to middle or a little below; ovary bearing scales with woolly axils. Tubercles elongate, bright green---- __1, C. macromeris, Tubercles short, grayish green_---- 2. C. runyonii. Tubercles grooved from tip to base; ovary naked. Grooves of tubercles bearing large yellow or red glands. Flowers white__---------------- - 3. C. ottonis. Flowers not white. Stems globular. Radial spines more or less recurved --- 4. C. recurvata. Radial spines spreading or ascending. Spines dark, sometimes black 5. C. poselgeriana. Spines yellow or sometimes tinged with red. Central spines slender and flexible-___—- 6. C. muehlenpfordtii. Central spines stout and rigid. Radial spines subulate____--------- 7% C. guerkeana. Radial spines acicular___------------------- 8. C. echinoidea. Stems cylindric. Stems bluish green _.9. C. clava. Stems yellowish green. Central spine generally one. Glands in groove red _10, C. octacantha. Glands in groove yellow 11. C. exsudans. Central spines 2 - _-12. C. erecta. Grooves of tubercles without large glands. Outer perianth segments not ciliate. Flowers purplish or rose_----- _.13. C. elephantidens. 964 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers yellow or white. Tubercles very large, broader than high_______ 14. C. bumamma, Tubercles of medium size, if large longer than broad. Plants large, often 8 em. in diameter ; seeds 3 mm. in diameter. 15. C. robustispina. Plants smaller; seeds 2 mm. or less in diameter. Central spines usually wanting. Secondary cluster of spines developed in upper part of areoles and connivent at top___..... 16. C. connivens, Secondary cluster of spines not developed. Spines pectinate....-- = 17. C. pectinata, Spines not pectinate. Spines 14 or more. Spines slender, with long black tips__._18. C. nickelsae. Spines rather short, with light tips. Spines subulate_.---- 19. C. compacta. Spines acicular_._...-.-- 20. C. radians. Spines fewer than 14. Spines slender and weak_______ 21. C. sulcolanata. Spines not slender__...--.-_ 22. C. retusa. Central spines one to several. Central spines strongly hooked____..____ 23 C. palmeri. Central spines straight, or at most curved. Central spines more or less curved. Central spine one. Radial spines nearly as long as the central. 24. C. cornifera. Radial spines about half as long as the central. 25. C. salm-dyckiana. Central spines several. Radial spines 20 or more______.____ | 26. C. pallida. Radial spines 12 or fewer__________ 27. C. pycnacantha. Central spines straight. Radial spines of two kinds (to be looked for here). 5. C. poselgeriana. Radial spines of one kind____________ 28. C. durangensis. Outer perianth segments ciliate. Inner perianth segments very narrow__________ 29, C. neomexicana. Inner perianth segments narrowly lanceolate________ 30. C. aggregata. 1. Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868. Mammitlaria macromeris Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 97. 1848. Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 128. 1850. Mammillaria dactylithele Labour. Monogr. Cact. 146. 1853. Chihuahua to Zacatecas. Texas and New Mexico; type from Dona Ana, New Mexico. Plant branching at base, often many-headed, up to 20 cm. long; tubercles large, soft, loosely arranged, elongate, 12 to 30 em. long, grooved on upper side about two-thirds their length; spines 10 to 17, slender, the radials white; central spines several, black, the longer ones 5 em. long; flowers large, purple, 6 to 8 cm. broad; scales on flower tube ciliate; ovary bearing a few scales with hairy axils; fruit 15 to 25 mm. long; seeds globose-obovate, brown but sometimes described as yellow, smooth. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 965 2. Coryphantha runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 26. 1923. Along the Rio Grande in Texas, from Brownsville to Rio Grande City, ana doubtless occurring on the Mexican side of the river. Forming low clumps, sometimes 50 cm. in diameter, grayish green; tubercles 1 to 2 em. long, terete or somewhat flattened, grooved above for half their length; radial spines 6 or more, spreading, acicular, 3 cm. long or less, some- times all yellow or sometimes one or more brown; central spine on young plants solitary, on old plants sometimes 2 or 3, up to 6 cm. long; flowers purple, 6 cm. broad; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner ones spatulate-oblong, acute; fruit green; seeds brown. 3. Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem. Cact. 34. 1868. Mammillaria ottonis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Mammillaria bussleri Mundt; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 47. 1902. Mammillaria golziana Haage, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 100. 1909. Central Mexico; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo. Simple, globular to short-cylindric, 12 em. high or less, 8 em. in diameter, glaucous to gray-green ; radial spines 8 to 12, nearly equal, 8 to 10 mm. long; central spines 8 or 4, longer and a little stouter than the radials; axils of flowering tubercles woolly ; flowers white, 4 cm. long; outer perianth seg- ments oblong, obtuse, the inner ones apiculate. 4. Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 27. 1923. Mammillaria recurvispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 266. 1856. Not M. recurvispina De Vriese, 1839. Mammillaria recurvata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 202. 1863. Sonora. Arizona. Plant body depressed-globose, 10 to 20 cm. in diameter, often forming large masses 30 to 90 cm. in diameter and sometimes with over 50 heads; tubercles low ; radial spines about 20, yellow to gray, with dark tips, pectinate, recurved ; central spines 1, rarely 2, longer and darker than the radials, 12 to 20 mm. long, more or less reflexed, often appressed; flowers 25 to 35 cm. long, said to be brownish outside; inner perianth segments lemon-yellow. 5. Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28. 1923. Echinocactus poselgerianus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 346. 1851. Echinocactus saltillensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 101. 1853. Echinocactus salinensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 106. 1853. Mammillaria dificilis Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 107. 1908. Mammillaria valida Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21. 97. 1911. Not M. valida Weber. 1898. Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Saltillo, Coahuila. Plant body large for the genus, globular, bluish green ; tubercles large, closely packed together and at base strongly angled; radial spines of two kinds, the 4 or 5 lower ones spreading, subulate, reddish to black, about as long as the single central one (2 to 4 em. long), the upper radials 5 to 8, ascending, yellowish with black tips, weak, acicular; flowers 4 to 5 em. long and nearly as broad when expanded; flesh-colored; segments spatulate, usually rounded at apex; fruit oblong, 15 mm. long; seeds brownish. 6. Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28. 1923. Mammillaria scheert Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 97. 1847. Not M. scheeri Miihlenpf. 1845. Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853. Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico. 966 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants nearly globular, usually simple, short-oblong, 20 cm. long, 7.5 to 15 cm. in diameter; tubercles 1 to 2.5 em. long; axils of young tubercles grooved and young spine areoles very woolly; grooves bearing large dark- colored glands; spines variable, reddish to yellow with brown to black tips; radials 6 to 16, usually about 2 em. long, straight; central spines 1 to 4, subulate, stouter than the radials, 3 to 3.5 em. long, from nearly straight to curved at tip or even Strongly hooked; flowers yellow, 6 cm. long; seales on flower tube and outer perianth segments more or less lacerate; inner perianth segments oblong, entire, acute; fruit greenish, oblong, 3 to 3.5 em. long, naked; seeds 3 mm. long, brown, shining, smooth. 7. Coryphantha guerkeana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 29. 1923. Mammillaria guerkeana Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 52, 1914. Durango. Plant body globular, 6 to 7 em. in diameter; tubercles bluish green, some- what broader than thick, bearing a large red gland at the base of the groove and sometimes at the top; radial spines 9 to 12, yellow when young, spreading-bulbose at base, rather Stout; central spines 3 or 4, rarely one of them stouter, often bent slightly at tip; flowering areoles very woully; ovary oblong, naked. 8. Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923. Mammillaria echinoidea Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 42. 1913. Durango. Plant solitary, globular or a little broader than high, 5 to 6 em. in di- ameter, very woolly at apex; tubercles conic, 1.5 em. high, 1.2 em. broad at base; groove with 1 to 3 small grayish glands; areoles elliptic, woolly when young, glabrate in age; radial spines 20 to 25, 1.5 cm. long, white with darker tips; central spines 1 to 3, a little stouter than the radials, one of them porrect, horn-colored; flowers rose-colored, 6 to 8 cm. broad; perianth Segments oblong, broad at apex, denticulate, sometimes mucronate. 9. Coryphantha clava Lem. Cact. 34. 1868. Mammillaria clava Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840, Mammillaria schlechtendalii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 377. 1840. Mexico. Plant body club-shaped, deep green; axils of tubercles filled with white wool and with a red gland at base of the groove; tubercles erect, elongate, some- what 4-sided; spine areoles white-villous; radial spines usually 7, straight, horn-colored, about equal; central spine 1, a little longer and stouter than the others; flowers very large, sometimes 9 cm. broad, pale yellow, the outer seg- ments tinged with red; perianth Segments glossy, linear-oblong to spatulate, the outer ones entire, the inner serrate and mucronate at apex. 10, Coryphantha octacantha (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923. Mammillaria octacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828. Mammillaria leucacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828. Mammillaria lehmanii Otto: Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 23. 1837. Mammillaria macrothele Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 24. 1837, Mammillaria plaschnickii Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 24. 1837. Mammillaria aulacothele Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 8. 1838. Mammillaria biglandulosa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Mammillaria sulcimamma Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Mammillaria martiana Pfeiff. Linnaea 12: 140, 1838. ?Mammillaria thelocamptos Lehm. Linnaea 13: Lit. Ber. 101. 1839. Mammillaria polymorpha Scheer; Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 373. 1846. Central Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 967 Plant body simple, cylindric, 30 cm. high, 12 to 15 cm. in diameter ; axils of tubercles bearing white wool, the groove with 1 or 2 red glands; tubercles elongate, up to 25 mm. long, spreading, somewhat 4-angled but with broad bases; radial spines 8, spreading, rigid, horn-colored with black tips, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 1 or 2, stouter than the radials, brownish, 25 mm. long; flowers about 6 cm. broad, straw-colored; perianth segments linear-ob- long, obtuse. 11. Coryphantha exsudans (Zuce.) Lem.; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 31. 1923. Mammillaria exsudans Zucc.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 15, 1837. Mammillaria brevimamma. Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837. Mammillaria glanduligera Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 298, 1848. Mammillaria asterias Cels; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 129. 1850, Mexico; type collected between Ixmiquilpan and Zimapén, Hidalgo. Subcylindric, 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles dull green, thick, ovate; glands in the axils of the tubercles pale yellow; spine areoles somewhat tomentose, becoming naked; radial spines 6 or 7, 6 to 10 mm. long, slender, straight, spreading, yellow; central spines 1, erect, yellow, but brown at tip, perhaps hooked; flowers yellow. 12. Coryphantha erecta Lem. Cact. 34. 1868. Mammitllaria erecta Lem.; Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 370. 1837. Mammillaria ceratocentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840. Hildalgo. Plant body cylindric, yellowish green ; axils of young tubercles white-woolly ; tubercles obliquely conic, somewhat rhombiform at base; radial spines 8 to 14, subulate, ascending, yellowish ; central spines 2, the upper one short, the lower curved; flowers large, yellow; perianth segments very narrow. 13. Coryphantha elephantidens Lem. Cact. 35. 1868. Mammillaria elephantidens Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 1. 1838. Central Mexico. Simple, subglaucous, up to 14 em. high and 19 cm. broad; tubercles very large, somewhat flattened, obtuse, 4 to 5 cm. long, densely woolly in their axils; areoles elliptic, when young woolly, in age naked; spines 8, all radial, somewhat unequal, subulate, the longest about 2 em. long, spreading, when young brownish with yellowish bases, black at apex; flowers, rose-colored, 11 cm. broad; perianth segments numerous, narrowly oblong, apiculate. 14. Coryphantha bumamma (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923. Mammillaria bumamma Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 243. 1849. Morelos and Guerrero. ’ Globular or somewhat depressed ; tubercles few, very large, rounded at apex, bluish green, very woolly in their axils when young but glabrate in age; spines 5 to 8, subulate, grayish brown, more or less recurved, 2 cm. long or more, all radial; flower yellow, 5 to 6 cm. broad; inner perianth segments narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse. 15. Coryphantha robustispina (Schott) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923. Mammillaria robustispina Schott; Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856. Mammillaria brownit Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 22: 253. 1896. Sonora, the type from the south side of the Babuquibari Meuntains. Arizona. Stems simple or clustered, globular or a little longer than thick, broad, 5 to 15 cm. high, densely armed and almost hidden by the spines; tubercles 2.5 to 2.8 em. long, arranged in 13 somewhat spiraled rows, fleshy, in age thickly get one against the other, becoming more or less dorsally flattened, pale grayish green, narrowly grooved; radial spines 12 to 15, the 3 lower ones very stout, 968 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. brownish, the upper generally weaker, the 2 or 3 uppermost much weaker, clustered closely together and very pale, some of them sometimes crowded toward the center; central spine solitary, very stout and erect or sometimes curved or even hooked, yellow, 3.5 em. long; all the larger spines somewhat bulbous at the base; flowers 5-to 6 cm. long, salmon-colored ; ovary 20 to 25 mm. long, bearing 4 to 7 minute caducous seales; fruit narrowly oblong, 6 cm. long; seeds 3 mm. long, brown, shining. 16. Coryphantha connivens Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34, 1923. Valley of Mexico, the type from Tlalpam. Globular or somewhat depressed, 8 to 10 cm. broad, somewhat woolly at the crown at flowering time but becoming glabrate; spines all radial but of two kinds, one kind spreading or curved backward, subulate, horn-colored, 5 or 6, the others from the upper part of the spine areole, clustered, erect, or toward the top connivent, acicular, black at tip, 8 to 10; flowers yellow, 6 to 7 cm. broad; perianth segments narrowly oblong, acuminate; fruit greenish, oblong, 3 cm. long; seeds brown, 2 mm. long. 17. Coryphantha pectinata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34, 1923. Mammillaria pectinata Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 256. 1856. Northern Mexico. Texas. Usually simple, globose, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles usually arranged in 18 spirals; upper tubercles 10 to 12 mm. long, about twice as long as the lower ones; areoles a little longer than broad; spines 16 to 24, all radial, those on the lower areoles appressed and often a little recurved, those from the upper part of the upper areoles 12 to 18 mm. long, connivent over the apex, yellowish white with black tips; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; ovary 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit 12 mm. long. 18. Coryphantha nickelsae (xX. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 35. 1923, Mammillaria nickelsae K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 31. 1900. Nuevo Leén. Described as globular, densely cespitose, often 7 cm. high, pale green and glaucous; older plants becoming purplish; tubercles almost hidden by the over- lapping spines, rather broad at base, low, not densely arranged - spines 14 to 16, all radial (a few forming a small fascicle at the top of the groove), slender, at first simply spreading but afterward bent back and interlaced with those of the adjoining tubercles, § to 10 mm. long, at first yellowish at base with dark tips, but afterwards bleaching; flowers described as bright yellow, with a red center, 5 to 7 em. broad; fruit nearly slobular, 5 to 7 mm. long, green; seeds small, brown. 19. Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923. Mammillaria compacta Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848. Chihuahua, the type from Cosihuiriachi. Plants solitary, somewhat depressed, 3 to 6 cm. high, 5 to 8 em. broad; tubercles in 13 rows, much crowded, 8 mm. long, sulcate above; radial spines 13 to 16, rigid, appressed, interwoven with adjacent ones, whitish, 10 to 20 mm. long; central spines usually wanting; flowers 2 em. long and broad, yellow; fruit oval; seeds smooth and yellow, 20. Coryphantha radians (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923. Mammillaria radians DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 111. 1828, Mammillaria impericoma Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 5. 1838. Mammillaria daimonoceras Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 5. 1838. Central Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 969 Simple, nearly globose, either obtuse or depressed at apex, 7.5 cm. in di- ameter; tubercles ovoid, large; axils of tubercles naked; areoles glabrate; spines all radial, 16 to 18, white or sometimes yellowish, 10 to 12 mm. long, rigid, tomentose when young; flowers lemon-yellow, with outer segments tinged with red, about 10 cm. broad, the segments narrowly oblong to spatulate, acute, somewhat toothed toward the apex. “Huevos de coyote” (Patoni). 21, Coryphantha sulcolanata Lem. Cact. 35. 1868. Mammillaria sulcolanata Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 2. 1838. Mammillaria conimamma Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 239. 1857. Mammillaria cornimamma N. E. Brown, Gard. Chron. III. 2: 186. 1887. Mexico, the range unknown; type said to have come from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo. Subglobose, somewhat depressed, cespitose, 5 cm. high, 6 em. thick or more; tubercles somewhat 5-angled at base, subconic above, their axils very woolly when young; spines 9 or 10, all radial, unequal, 12 to 16 mm. long, the lower and upper weaker and shorter than the lateral ones, brownish with black tips but when young whitish yellow with purple tips; flowers 4 cm. long or more, widely spreading, 6 cm. broad or more; perianth segments oblong, acute. 22. Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 38. 1923. Mammillaria retusa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 369. 1837. Oaxaca. Plants depressed-globose, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter, the top very woolly; tubercles rather large; areoles elliptic; spines 6 to 12, all radial, ap- pressed or even curved backward, yellowish to brownish, subulate except 2 or 3 aciculate ones at the upper part of areoles; flowers central, yellow, about 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, acute. . 23. Coryphantha palmeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39, 1925. Durango, Coahuila, and Zacatecas; type from Durango. Plant body globular; tubercles closely set in about 13 rows but not very regularly arranged, pale green, not very flaccid; radial spines 11 to 14, rather stout, spreading nearly at right angles to the central one, yellowish, the tips often blackish ; central spine one, stout, terete, hooked at apex; young areoles very woolly; flowers central, pale yellow to nearly white, about 8 em. long; outer perianth segments linear-oblong, acute, brownish on the broad midrib, entire, the inner yellow throughout, acuminate. 24, Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868. Mammillaria cornifera DC. Mém, Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828. Mammillaria pfeifferiana De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 6: 51. 1839. Mammillaria scolymoides Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 44. 1841. Coahuila and Querétaro, and elsewhere in central Mexico. Plant solitary, globose, pale green; tubercles short, broad, somewhat im- bricate, 12 em. high; radial spines 16 or 17, grayish, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spine 1, stout, erect or subincurved, generally dark-colored, 14 to 16 mm. long; flowers yellow, tinged with red, 7 cm. broad; inner perianth segments ob- lanceolate, acuminate, 25. Coryphantha salm-dyckiana (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39. 1923. Mammillaria salm-dyckiana Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 134. 1850. Mamwmillaria delaetiana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 59. 1908. Chihuahua. 970 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Plants either solitary or in clusters, nearly globular or sometimes club- shaped, 10 to 15 em. in diameter, light green; tubercles rather short, closely set; radial spines about 15, spreading, slender, 10 to 15 mm. long, grayish or whitish ; central spines 1 to 4, reddish to black, the 3 upper ones when present ascending and those near the top of the plant connivent, the lowest central stouter than the others, 2 to 2.5 em. long, porrect or curved downward; flowers 4 cm. long; outer perianth Segments greenish or tinged with red, the inner pale yellow. 26. Coryphantha pallida Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 40, 1923. Puebla, the type from Tehuacfin. Plant body either solitary or in clusters of 10 or more, globular, 12 ecm. in diameter or less, bluish green; tubercles in 13 rows, short and thick, closely set; radial spines 20 or more, white, appressed; centrals usually 3, but some- times more, the upper more or less ascending, the lower porrect or curved downward, with the tips black, or sometimes black throughout; flowers often 7 cm. long and nearly as broad; outer perianth segments narrow, greenish yel- low, with a reddish stripe on the back; inner perianth segments pale lemon- yellow, broader than the outermost, acuminate; ovary bearing a few narrow Scales; fruit greenish brown, 2 cm. long; seeds brown, shining. 27. Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868. ?Mammillaria latimamma DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828. Mammillaria pycnacantha Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 325. 1832. ?Mammillaria acanthostephes Lehm. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228, 1835. Mammillaria arietina Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 10. 1838. Mammillaria scepontocentra Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 43. 1839. Mammillaria winkleri Forst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 50. 1847. Oaxaca, the type from Oaxaca City. Plant body solitary, globular to cylindric, about 8 em. high; tubercles broad, grooved above, glaucous-green: radial spines 10 to 12, slender, 10 to 16 mm. long; central spines about 4, stouter than the radials, about 25 mm. long, more or less curved backward, usually black; flowers from near the center of the plant, 25 mm. in diameter, Yellowish; perianth segments numerous, very narrow, 28. Coryphantha durangensis (Riinge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 42. 1823. Mammillaria durangensis Riinge; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 478. 1898. Northern Mexico; type from Villa Lerdo, Durango. Plants solitary or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 10 em. long or legs, somewhat glaucous; tubercles rather prominent, in 5 to 8 series, somewhat compressed dorsally, very Woolly in the axils; radial spines 6 to 8, acicular, spreading, 1 em. long or less ; central spines solitary, often erect, those of the uppermost areoles connivent, black; flowers about 2 em. long, when fully ex- panded 2.5 to 4 em. broad; outer perianth Segments dark purple or with only a purple stripe down the center; inner perianth segments cream-colored to pale lemon-yellow; fruit globular, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, naked, green‘sh; seeds brown, about 1 mm. broad. 29. Coryphantha neomexicana (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 45. 1923. Mammillaria vivipara radiosa neomezicana Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 269. 1856. Mammillaria neomevxicana A. Nels; Coult. & Nels. Man. Rocky Mount. 237. 1909. Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 971 Plants usually solitary, globular to short-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, the whole body usually hidden under a mass of spines; radial spines numerous, acicular, usually white; central spines several, much stouter than the radials, pale below, brown or black toward the top; flowers 4 to 5 em. broad when fully expanded; outer perianth segments greenish or the ones nearer the center purplish, ciliate; inner perianth segments broadly linear, acuminate and apiculate, more or less serrate above; fruit 2.5 cm. long, green, juicy, naked except a few hairy scales near the top, capped by the withered perianth, depressed at apex. 30. Coryphantha aggregata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 47. 1923. Mammillaria aggregata Engelm. in Emory, Mil, Reconn. 157. 1848. Sonora. Arizona, the type from the headwaters of the Gila. Plants solitary or cespitose, globular to short-oblong, very spiny; radial spines numerous, white, often with brown tips, appressed; central spines sev- eral, stout, all erect and appressed or one often porrect, those toward the top of the plant connivent; flowers very large and showy, purplish, 5 to 7 cm. broad; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner narrowly oblanceolate, often 6 mm. broad, acuminate; fruit green, oblong, 2 to 2.5 em. long, naked or occa- sionally bearing a small scale on the side, juicy; seeds dark brown, 2 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. The following plants, described as species of Mamumillaria, probably belong to this genus. MAMMILLARIA CORDIGERA Hesse, Gartenflora 59: 445. 1910. Doubtless a native of Mexico. MAMMILLARIA CoRNUTA Hildmann; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 496. 1898. Native of Mexico. MAMMILLARIA POTOSIANA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856. Type from San Luis Potosf. MAMMILLARIA RECURVISPINA De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 6: 55. 1839. Described from Mexico. 45. ESCOBARIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 58. 1923. Globose or cylindric, usually cespitose eacti, never milky; tubercles grooved above, persisting as knobs at the base of old plants after the spines have fallen; spines both central and radial, never hooked; flowers small, regular, appearing from the top of the plant at the bottom of the groove of young tubercles; stamens and style included; fruit red, naked (or with one seale), indehiscent, globular to oblong, crowned by the withering perianth; seeds brown to black, the aril basal or subventral, oval. Two other species occur in Texas. Outer perianth segments not ciliate__------------------------ 6. E. lloydii. Outer perianth segments ciliate. Flowers 2 to 2.5 cm. long. Plants elongate; seeds small, brown_----------------- 1. E. tuberculosa. Plants usually globose; seeds larger, black-~--------- 2, E. dasyacantha. Flowers 1.5 cm. long. Inner perianth segments pointed. Inner perianth segments broad_------------------ 3. E. chihuahuensis. Inner perianth segments narrow_-~-------------------- 4. E. runyonii. Inner perianth segments obtuse___----------------------- 5. E. chaffeyi. 972 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 54. 1923. Mammillaria strobiliformis Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 104. 1850. Not M. strobiliformis Engelm. 1848, Mammillaria tuberculosa Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856. Northern Mexico. Southwestern United States. Usually growing in clumps, cylindric, or becoming so, 5 to 18 em. high, 2 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles more or less regularly arranged in spirals, 6 mm. long; radial spines numerous, white, sometimes as many as 30, acicular, 4 to 15 mm. long; central spines several, stouter than the radials, brown to blackish or colored only at the tips, one of them usually porrect ; flowers 2.5 cm. in diameter when fully expanded, light pink; outer perianth segments acute, ciliate, the inner narrowly pointed; fruit oblong, up to 20 mm. long, red; seeds brownish, pitted, with a small ventral hilum. 2. Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55, 1923. Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856. Northern Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico, the type from El Paso. Globose to short-oblong, usually 4 to 7 cm. in diameter but sometimes 20 cm, long; radial spines 20 or more, white, bristle-like; central spines about 9, stouter and longer than the radials, the upper half usually reddish or brownish, often 2 em. long; flowers pinkish; perianth segments narrowly oblong, apiculate; fruit clavate, scarlet, 15 to 20 mm. long; seeds black, 1 mm. in diameter, slightly flattened, pitted, with a narrow white subbasal hilum. 3. Escobaria chihuahuensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923. Chihuahua. Plants often solitary, perhaps also cespitose, globose to short-cylindrie, very spiny; tubercles short, usually hidden by the spines; radial spines numerous, spreading; central spines several, longer than the radials, usually brown or black in the upper part; flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. long, purple; outer perianth segments broad, often rounded at apex, with ciliate margins; in- ner perianth segments pointed. 4. Escobaria runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923. Type from Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Texas. Cespitose, with numerous (sometimes 100) globose to short-oblong heads, gray-green, 3 to 5 cm. long; tubercles 5 mm. long, terete in section, with very narrow groove above; groove at first white-woolly, not glandular; radial spines numerous, acicular, white, 4 to 5 mm. long; central spines stouter than the ra- dials, 5 to 7, slightly spreading, with brown or black tips, 6 to 8 mm. long; flowers 1.5 cm. long, pale purple, the segments with a dark purple stripe down the middle, with pale.margins; outer perianth Segments narrow-oblong, with thin ciliate margins, the inner narrower than the outer, with margins entire, acute; fruit scarlet, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, juicy. 5. Escobaria chaffeyi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 56. 1923. Zacatecas, the type from Cedros. Short-cylindric, 6 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 6 em. in diameter, almost covered by the numerous white spines; tubercles rather short, light green, with a nar row groove above; radial spines numerous, spreading, bristly; central spines several, a little shorter than the radials and brown or black-tipped; flowers 15 mm. long, cream-colored or sometimes purplish; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner oblong, obtuse, entire; fruit crimson, 2 cm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 973 6. Escobaria lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 57. 19238. Zacatecas, the type from the Sierra Zuluaga. Plants growing in clumps and resembling a small species of Hchinocereus ; old plants bearing naked corky tubercles; radial spines about 20, spreading, slender, white; central spines several, stout, with black or brownish tips, 2 cm. long; flowers greenish, with a central stripe on the outside, 2.5 cm. long; fruit red, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long; seeds black, pitted, globose, 1 mm. in diameter. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. MAMMILLARIA EMSKOETTERIANA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk, 20: 139. 1910. Perhaps a species of Escobaria. Type supposed to have come from San Luis Potost. 46. BARTSCHELLA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 57. 1923. A single species is known. 1. Bartschella schumannii (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 58. 1923. Mammillaria schumannii Hildm. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 125. 1891. Mammillaria venusta K. Frandeg. Zoe 5: 8. 1900. Southern Baja California. More or less cespitose (as many as 40 stems have been reported in a single cluster), 6 em. high or less; axils slightly woolly, without bristles; radial spines 9 to 15, stout, 6 to 12 mm. long, brownish above, glabrous; central spines usually 1, sometimes 2 or 5, one of these usually hooked; in seedlings 10 or 11 radial spines developing, these spreading, feather-like, with long spreading hairs; in plant one year old the spines simply puberulent, all white with brown tips and one central much longer than the others and strongly hooked; flowers 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, the segments about 10, lance-acuminate ; stamens numerous, erect, shorter than the style; style slender, erect, pale; stigma lobes 6, linear, green; fruit short, dull; seeds usually found in a cup in between the tubercles, less than 1 mm. long. 47. PELECYPHORA Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 1: 787. 1843. A single species is known. 1, Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 1: T37T. 1845. San Luis Potosf. Tufted, cylindric, 5 to 10 cm. high, 25 to 5 cm. in diameter, covered with tubercles arranged in spirals; tubercles strongly flattened laterally, some- what stalked at base; areoles at top of the tubercles very long and narrow, crowned by an elongate scale-like spine with numerous lateral ridges usually free at tip, giving a peculiar pectinate appearance; flowers 8 em. broad or more, campanulate ; perianth segments in 4 rows, the outer ones sometimes white, oblong, acute; flower tube proper very short; stamens borne at the top of the flower tube, much shorter than the perianth segments ; stigma lobes 4, erect; seeds 1 mm. broad, kidney-shaped. ‘ Peyote,” “ peyotillo.” The plant is employed locally as a remedy for fevers. 48. DOLICHOTHELE Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:61. 1923. Plant body globose, more or less cespitose, soft in texture, never milky; tu- bercles elongate, not grooved above ; flowers borne in the axils of old tubercles, very large, with a definite funnel-shaped tube; inner perianth segments yel- low, spatulate, tapering into a claw and borne on the top of the tube; stamens forming a spiral about the style and borne on the whole face of the throat 79688—24—_9 974 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, but forming a definite ring at the top of the throat; style slender; stigma lobes linear; ovary exserted, naked; fruit smooth, greenish, purplish, or red, globose, ellipsoid or short-oblong; seeds black. Only three species are known. Spines glabrous, even when very young--_--- 1. D. sphaerica. Spines puberulent. Tubercles very long (up to 5 em.), pale green, glaucous; radial spines 6 to 12; central spines usually present___....._ 2. D. longimamma. Tubercles much shorter, bright green; radial spines 3 or 4; central spines none___ -- we we ween nee 3. D. uberiformis. 1. Dolichothele sphaerica (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 61. 1923. Mammillaria sphaerica Dietr. ; Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94, 1853. Northern Mexico. Texas, the type from Corpus Christi. Low and depressed, often growing in large cespitose masses 20 em. in diameter, with a large thickened root; tubercles soft and turgid, resembling those of the following species but shorter, 12 to 16 mm. long; areoles small, circular, at first short-lanate; spines 12 to 15, glabrous, generally pale yellow, a little darker at base at first, in age darker, often reddish, 7 to 9 mm. long, spreading or a little curved backward; central spine 1, straight; flowers ap- pearing toward the top of the plant but not from the axils of the younger tubercles, with a rotate limb 6 to 7 (?) cm. broad; inner perianth segments widely spreading, oblanceolate, acute to apiculate, tapering at base into a slender claw; fruit greenish white to purplish, short-oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, juicy, very fragrant; seeds black. 2. Dolichothele longimamma (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 62. 1923. Mammillaria longimamma DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828. Mammillaria melaleuca Karw. ; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 108. 1850. Mammillaria globosa Link, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 240. 1857, Tamaulipas and central Mexico. Solitary or cespitose, about 10 cm. high; tubercles elongated, 5 em. long, somewhat glaucous, their axils hairy or naked; spine areoles with white hairs when young, in age naked; radial spines 5 to 12, widely spreading, acicular, 2.5 mm, long, white to pale yellow, swollen and darker at base, puberulent; central spines 1 to 3, usually solitary, porrect, similar to the radials but usually darker with a blackish tip; flowers citron-yellow, 4 to 6 cm. long. 8. Dolichothele uberiformis (Zuce.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 63. 1923. Mammillaria uberiformis Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 23. 1837. Mammillaria laeta Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 247. 1885. Central Mexico, the type from Pachuca, Hidalgo. Globose, about 7.5 cm. high and 10 em. in diameter; tubercles elongate, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 12 to 15 mm. in diameter, dull green, shining, their axils naked ; spine areoles nearly naked; spines 3 or 4, all radial, puberulent, horn-colored to reddish, nearly equal; flowers yellow, 3 cm. broad; outer perianth segments reddish, the inner in 2 series, oblong, acute. 49. SOLISIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 64. 1923. The genus consists of a single species. It was named for Don Octavio Solfs, of Mexico City. 1. Solisia pectinata (Stein) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 64, 1923. Pelecyphora pectinata Stein, Gartenflora 34: 25 1885. Mammillaria pectinifera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 1898. Puebla. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 975 Plants 1 to 3 cm. in diameter, fibrous-rooted, entirely hidden by the large overlapping spine clusters; areoles narrow and long; spines 20 to 40, all radial, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, white, appressed; flowers small, lateral, yellow, borne in the axils of old tubercles; fruit small, naked, oblong; seeds 1 mm. long, black, smooth. 50. NEOMAMMILLARIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 65. 1923. Plants globose, depressed-globose, or short-cylindric, occasionally much elongate, some with milky, others with watery juice; tubercles arranged in more or less spiraled rows, never on vertical ribs, terete, angled, or some- times flattened, never grooved on the upper surface, usually bearing wool or hairs and sometimes bristles but without glands in their axils and crowned by the spine areoles; spines in clusters on the top of the tubercle, sometimes all alike, sometimes with central ones very different from the radial, all straight or sometimes one or more of the central spines hooked; flowers, so far as known, diurnal, from axils of the old tubercles, much alike as to size and shape, more or less campanulate, comparatively small. variously colored, commonly red, yellowish, or white to pinkish; perianth segments rather narrow, spreading; stamens numerous, borne on the base of the perianth tube, short, included; style about the length of the stamens; stigma lobes linear; fruit usually clavate, rarely if ever globose, usually ripening rapidly, naked, scarlet; seeds brown in some species, black in others. Besides the species here listed about 20 others are found in the south- western United States, West Indies, Central America, and Venezuela. The names “biznaguita,” “huevos de coyote,” and “chilitos” (fruits) are reported from Mexico for species of uncertain determination. According to Hernandez, the milky sap of some species was employed to remove warts. The Tewa Indians of New Mexico are reported to eat the plants raw. A. Plants with none of the spines hooked. B. Seeds brown. C. Tubercles giving off milk freely when cut. D. Axils of tubercles without bristles. E. Tubercles more or less elongate. Tubercles terete throughout. Central spines 1 or 2. Central spines about as long as the radials___-1, N. gaumeri. Central spines much longer than the radials___2. N. petrophila. Central spines 4 to 7. Outer perianth segments entire; central spines long and slender______-__-_______ eee +--+ ++ 3. N. arida. Outer perianth segments erose; central spines not elongate, stouter__________--_-_-___------------- 4, N. brandegeei. Tubercles more or less angled. Tubercles nearly terete toward apex. Outer perianth segments and scales more or less fimbriate. 5. N. gummifera. Outer perianth segments and scales entire. Radial spines white; flowers pinkish_-_._______ 6, N. heyderi. Radial spines brownish; flowers white to cream-colored. %. N. hemisphaerica. 976 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Tubercles angled to the tip. Spines very unequal, some much elongate. Spines whitish_.........-- 8. N. phymatothele, Spines horn-colored, reddish, or black. Plants without definite central spine, Spines horn-colored, short, curved__9, N. magnimamma. Spines reddish, long..--__________ 10. N. macracantha. Plants with definite central spines. Central spines 2.---- = 11. N. johnstonii. Central spines solitary. Central spine 2 to 3 ecm. long; perianth segments linear____-_- 12. N. melanocentra. Central spine 1 cm. long; perianth segments ob- long_-~--_-_- 13. N. runyonii. Spines nearly equal, at least none of them much elongate. Flowers red to pinkish. Outer perianth segments ciliate___________ 14, N. sartorii. Outer perianth segments not ciliate (so far as known). Central spines none. Spines pinkish, with black tips______ 15. N. seitziana. Spines straw-colored throughout_______ 16. N. ortegae. Central spines 1 or 2. Central spine solitary; radial spines nearly equal. 17. N. meiacantha. Central spines 2; some of the radials very short. 18. N. scrippsiana. Flowers yellowish. Central spines 4 to 6__-~________________ 19. N. gigantea. Central spines wanting.___._________ 20. N. peninsularis. EE. Tubercles very short, symmetric. Plants globose or depressed. Axils of tubercles naked_____-__________ 21. N. flavovirens. Axils of tubercles woolly. Spines partly deciduous_______- $e 22. N. sempervivi. Spines not deciduous. Central spines present__________--._________ 23. N. obscura. Central spines wanting_-___-___-__-________ 24. N. crocidata. Plants cylindric or ovoid. Central spines wanting. Tubercles nearly terete____-- ~-------.......-25. N. polythele. Tubercles 4-angled. Tubercles pointed; axils very woolly________ 26. N. carnea. Tubercles not pointed; axils not very woolly_-27. N. lloydii. Central spines several. Radial spines reduced to short bristles_.___28. N. zuccariniana. Radial spines more elongate__________________ 29. N. formosa. DD. Axils of tubercles with bristles as well as wool. Spines partly elongate, curved, and flexious. Plants without definite central spines_..______._30. N. compressa. Plants with central spines. Central spines weak----------________--________ 31. N. mystax. Central spines stiff-__._.___________ one _.32. N. petterssonii. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 977 Spines not elongate or, if so, not flexuous. Tubercles terete or nearly so. Spines all radial__._-__-_-------~~-------- 33. N. karwinskiana. Spines both radial and central. Radial spines numerous, 12 or more. Central spines reddish, not much longer than the radials. Outer perianth segments ciliate_-------- 34. N.. standleyi. Outer perianth segments setose__---- 35. N. evermanniana. Central spines usually white except at tip, much elongate. Flowers yellow____---~---------------- 36. N. parkinsonii. Flowers dark red_-----~~------------ 37. N. geminispina. Radial spines few, 5 to 9. Spines black when young_----------- 38. N. pyrrhocephala. Spines brownish or lighter--.------------- 39. N. collinsii. Tubercles strongly angled. Spines both radial and central. Radial spines numerous_---------------- 40. N. chinocephala. Radials spines few, bristle-like. Central spines 4 to 6 _----------------- 41. N. tenampensis. Central spines 2------~------------------- 42. N. polygona. Spines all of one kind, few. Flowers yellow__--~------------------------- 43. N. confusa. Flowers rose-colored or white. Flowers rose-colored. Plants globose; stigma lobes 4 or 5______44. N. villifera. Plants cylindric; stigma lobes 8_------- 45. N. polyedra. Flowers white__....--.--------------------- 46. N. conzattii. CC. Tubercles not giving off milk when cut, the milk tubes developed, if at all, only in the stem proper. Central spines wanting. Spines subulate; areoles elliptic_-_----------- _.__..-47. N. napina. Spines acicular; areoles circular. Spines numerous--------~-~------------------- _____.48. N. lanata. Spines few (4 to 6). Spines 5 or 6, short, straight------------------ 49. N. kewensis. Spines 4, elongate, curved. Flowers large (2.5 em. broad) ------------ 50. N. stbpolyedra. Flowers small. Spines long and weak--------~----~------- 51. N. galeottii. Spines subulate------ ~----------------- 52. N. tetracantha. Central spines present. Central spines usually 2, sometimes solitary. Radial spines 20 or more. Central spines stout and not very long. Plant round or nearly so at apex; central spines often 1. 53. N. elegans. Plant strongly umbilicate; central spines always 2. 54, N. pseudoperbella. Central spines long--------------------------- 55. N. dealbata. Radial spines 20 or fewer. Radial spines white, bristle-like. 978 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Stigma lobes red. Plants globose or somewhat elongate_____ 56. N. haageana. Plants depressed-globose___._...___ 57. N. perbella. Stigma lobes white. Radial spines appressed__--_..___ 58. N. collina, Radial spines not appressed_____...- 59. N. donatii. Radial spines brownish when young, stouter___.60. N. mundtii. Central spines usually 4, sometimes more. Central spines white or yellow. Radial spines white. Plants globose. Axils of tubercles not Setose; central spines usually 4, rarely as many as 7__ _ ---61. N. celsiana. Axils of tubercles setose; central spines usually 9, 62. N. aureiceps, 63. N. yucatanensis, Plants cylindric.__-------- Radial spines yellow. Plants globular_.____.----- 64, N. pringlei. Plants slender-cylindric ------.65. N. cerralboa. Central spines brown or black. Central spines black___-..--§- Central spines brown. Axils of tubercles not setose_.....__ 67. N. graessneriana. Axils of tubercles setose. Tubercles closely set. Central spines not very different from the radial. Plant body more or less elongate; spines brownish or reddish _----- 68. N. spinosissima. Plant body globose; radial spines whitish. 69. N. densispina. Central spines very different from the radial. 70. N. nunezii, 66. N. phaeacantha. Tubercles spreading. Central spines unequal; stigma lobes green. 71. N. amoena. Central spines nearly equal; stigma lobes rose-colored. 72. N. rhodantha, B. Seeds black. Neither tubercles nor stems milky. Spines plumose___.------- 73. N. plumosa. Radial spines weak and hairlike___.-§_ 74. N. multiceps. Radial spines not hairlike. Spines yellow. Spines 2 to 8, glabrous, more or less twisted or bent. 75. N. camptotricha. Spines about 20, pubescent, straight___._.______ 76. N. eriacantha. Spines not yellow. Spines 25 to 80. Spines pubescent or lanate. 77. N. schiedeana, 78. N. lasiacantha. Spines not pubescent. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 979 Spines all very much alike. Perianth segments obtuse_---------------- 79. N. denudata. Per‘anth segments pointed. Flowers about 7 mm. long------------------ 80. N. lenta. Flowers about 20 mm. long-------------- 81. N. candida. Spines unlike, the centrals unlike the others__-82. N. vetula. Spines 20 or fewer. Plants globose. Flowers red_.__----------------------------7" 83. N. fertilis. Flowers white. Central spines solitary; radials 7 to 9_----- 84. N. decipiens. Central spines 5 to 8; radials 16 to 20_----- 85. N. discolor. Plants cylindric. Joints very fragile, breaking loose when touched or jarred. 86. N. fragilis. Joints not fragile. Spines all radial and recurved___--------- 87. N. elongata. Spines both radial and central. Axils of tubercles not bristly. Spines all yellow_--------------------- 88. N. echinaria. Spines not yellow. Upper central spines more or less connivent over the top of plant__-------------------- 89. N. pottsii. Upper central spines not connivent over the top of plant___------------------- 90. N. mazatlanensis. Axils of tubercles bristly. Stems slender-cylindric or globose; species of central Mexico__-__-_-------------------- 91. N. sphacelata, Stems short-cylindric or globose; species of Baja Cali- fornia. Spines nearly white or at least becoming so; seeds minute. Spines all white or nearly so; spine areoles at first lanate________---------------- 92. N. albicans. Spines tan-colored with dark tips; spine areoles not lanate___-_------------------- 93. N. slevinii. Spines not white; seeds 8 mm. long_---94. N. palmeri. AA. Plants with some of the central spines hooked. Tubercles milky; seeds ‘brown. Plants globose__----------------------------- 7990000077 95. N. uncinata. Plants cylindric__-------------------------------7-- 7" 96. N. hamata. Tubercles never milky; seeds black (except in Nos. 97 and 98). Seeds brown. Fruit red; flowers from side of plant-------------------- 97. N. rekoi. Fruit green; flowers from near base of plant-__---------- 98. N. solisii. Seeds black. Fruit depressed, long-persisting oon nnn Se 131. N. longiflora. Fruit elongate, clavate, ripening quickly. Seeds rugose_-_--------------------------------- 130. N. nelsonii. Seeds not rugose. F. Plants usually small; spines setaceous to delicately acicular. 980 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Central spines yellow. Central spines glabrous... 99, N. pygmaea. Central spines pubescent. Flowers white... 100. N. wildii. Flowers yellowish... 101. N. seideliana. Central spines shorter than the flower; perianth segments acute_----- 102. N. barbata, Central spines longer than the flower; perianth segments obtuse_----- 103. N. mercadensis. Axils of tubercles setose. Inner perianth Segments white to yellowish. Central spines 3 or 4. Radial spines ahout 25; flowers 2 em. long. 104. N. kunzeana. Radial spines about 20; flowers 1 em. long. 105. N. hirsuta. Central spines 7 to 9... -na ne 106. N. multihamata. Inner perianth segments red or reddish. Radial spines weak and hairlike, Central spines several. 107. N. longicoma. Central spines Solitary_.--- 108. N. bocasana. Radial spines stiff. Radial spines glabrous_..._____ 109. N. multiformis, Radial spines pubescent____110. N. scheidweileriana. Axils of tubercles not setose. Flowers 2.2 em. long or more, Central spines Solitary... 111. N. saffordii. Central spines 8__-.--- 112. N. schelhasei. Flowers 1 to 1.5 em. long. Plants cespitose_-_.- | - oe 113. N. glochidiata. Plants solitary. Inner perianth segments acuminate, 114. N. trichacantha. Inner perianth segments merely acute. 115. N. painteri. FF. Plants stout; at least the central spines stout-acicular to subu- late. Outer perianth segments ciliate. Perianth rotate; stigma lobes red__---- 116. N. mainae. Perianth campanulate; stigma lobes green, Flowers white-------- 117. N. boedekeriana Flowers purple to pinkish. Radial spines often as many as 380____118. N, microcarpa. Radial spines often as few as 12.0 119. N. sheldonii. Outer perianth segments not ciliate, Bristles (sometimes only one, sometimes many) present in axils of the tubercles. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ~ 981 Seeds constricted above the base. Flowers greenish or pink. Flowers greenish, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines yel- lowish to reddish__---~~~-~----- 120. N. armillata. Flowers pink, 20 mm. long; central spines dark brown. 121. N. fraileana. Flowers nearly white-------------~---- 122. N. swinglei. Seeds not constricted above the base. Central spines several; flowers yellowish__-123. N. dioica. Central spines usually solitary; flowers rose-colored. 124. N. goodridgei. Bristles none in the axils of the tubercles. Flowers rotate___--__------------ 125. N. zephyranthoides. Flowers campanulate. Plants globose. Flowers white_______----------------- 126. N. carretii. Flowers pink to purplish. Inner perianth segments obtuse---_- 127. N. jaliscana. Inner perianth segments acute to acuminate. 128. N. bombycina. Plants slender, elongate, and cylindric. 129. N. occidentalis. 1. Neomammillaria gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 72. 1923. Yucatéin; type from sand dunes of Progreso. Cespitose, the branches short, globose to short-cylindric, up to 15 em. long; tubercles dark green, short, nearly terete, obtuse, the axils naked even when young, 5 to 7 mm. long, very milky; spine areoles conspicuously white-woolly at first, soon naked; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white with brown tips, or the lower ones in the cluster darker, 5 to 7 mm. long; central spine solitary, porrect, usually brown; flowers very abundant from near the top of the plant but not from the axils of young areoles, creamy white, 10 to 14 mm. long; outer perianth segments greenish, brown-tipped ; scales on flower tube broadly ovate, scarious; fruit crimson, clavate, 18 to 20 mm. long, naked. 2. Neomammillaria petrophila (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 73. 1923. Mammillaria petrophila T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 193. 1904. Mountains of southern Baja California; type from Sierra de la Laguna. Sometimes cespitose, milky, globular, 15 cm. in diameter or less; tubercles short, broad at base; spines at first chestnut-colored, becoming pale in age; radial spines 10, about 1 cm. long, a little spreading; central spine 1 (rarely 2). 2 em. long, darker and stouter than the radials; flowers bright greenish yellow, 18 to 20 mm. long; perianth segments hardly acute, sometimes slightly erose: fruit small, roundish; seeds reddish, smooth, less than 1 mm. long. 3. Neomammillaria arida (Rose) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 73. 1923. Mammillaria arida Rose; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 181. 1913. Southern Baja California; type from hills near Pichilinque Island, near La Paz. Plants usually single, globular, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, containing much milk and giving it off freely when injured; tubercles nearly terete; radial spines about 15, pale, ascending, the bases sometimes yellowish and the tip dark; central spines 4 to 7, 12 to 16 mm. long, much longer than the radials, 79688—24—_10 982 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. © dark brown, erect; flowers 1 cm. long; outer perianth segments dark purple with lighter margins, entire, the inner cream-colored to almost pale yellow; fruit clavate, red, 15 cm. long; seeds brown. 4, Neomammillaria brandegeei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 73. 1923. Cactus brandegeei Coulter, Contr, U. §. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894, Cactus gabbii Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894, Manmillaria gabbii Engelm.; K. Brandeg, Erythea 5: 116. 1897, Mammillaria brandegeei K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 116. 1897. Baja California; type from San Jorge. Cylindrie to globular, flattened, solitary or in clusters of 2 to 8; tubercles angled; axils woolly; radial spines 9 to 16, 8 to 10 mm. long, yellowish brown; central spines 3 to 6, a little longer and darker than the radials; flowers 15 mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate, striate, ciliate, the inner greenish yellow, narrower, entire; fruit white (according to Schumann), bearing a few narrow scales. 5. Neomammillaria gummifera (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 74, 1923. Mammillaria gummifera Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105, 1848. Chihuahua; type from Cosihuiriachi., Depressed-globose, 8 to 12 em. in diameter; tubercles light green, milky, somewhat 4-angled; axils of tubercles and spine areoles somewhat white- tomentose when young; radial spines 10 to 12, ascending, white with brown- ish or even blackish tips, the lower ones stouter and longer than the others, often 2 to 2.5 em. long and somewhat recurved; central spines 1 or 2, some- times 4; flowers 3 em. long, brownish red outside; inner perianth seg- ments reddish white with dark red band in middle. 6. Neomammillaria heyderi (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 75. 1928, Mammillaria heyderi Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 20. 1848. Northern Mexico. Texas. Plant globose or somewhat flattened at apex; tubercles conic, 12 mm. long, when young bearing wool in their axils; young spine areoles white-woolly ; radial spines 20 to 22, white, setaceous, the lower ones stouter and longer; central spine solitary, brown at base and apex, 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers pink- ish, the segments linear-oblong; fruit oblong, red. “Biznaga de chilillos”” (Patoni). 7. Neomammillaria hemisphaerica (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 75. 1923, Mammillaria hemisphaerica Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848. Northeastern Mexico; type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Deep-seated in the soil, hemispheric, 8 to 12 em. broad, dark green; tubercles only slightly angled, not very closely set, 1 to 1.5 em. long, somewhat pointed, their axils nearly naked in the dormant stages; spine areoles woolly when young, becoming glabrate in age; radial spines 9 to 12, widely spreading, acicular, the upper ones more delicate, 4 to 8 mm. long, brownish or smoky, often with black tips; central spine solitary, porrect, brown; flowers cream- colored, 1 to 1.5 em. long; inner perianth segments acute; fruit slender, clavate, red, 1 to 1.5 em. long. 8. Neomammillaria phymatothele (Berg) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 76. 1923. Mammillaria phymatothele Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 129. 1840. Mammillaria ludwigit Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 876, 1840. Central Mexico. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 983 Simple, subglobose, glaucous-green; axils of young tubercles bearing white wool, becoming naked; tubercles large, 4-sided; areoles when young white- woolly, in age naked; radial spines 7 to 10, grayish white, the three upper smaller, the central recurved ; flowers described by Schumann as carmine- colored. 9. Neomammillaria magnimamma (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 77. 1923. Mammiliaria magnimamma Haw. Phil. Mag. 63: 41. 1824. Mammillaria divergens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat 17: 113. 1828. Mammillaria gladiata Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 336. 1832. Mammillaria ceratophora Lehm. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228. 1835. Mammillaria recurva Lehm.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 15. 1837. Mammillaria hystrie Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 21. 18387. Mammillaria ehrenbergii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Mammillaria microceras Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 6. 1838. Mammillaria deflexispina Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 6. 1838. Mammillaria versicolor Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494, 1838. 9Mammillaria conopsea Scheidw. Bull. Acad, Brux. 5: 496. 1838. Mammillaria centricirrha Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 42. 1839. Mammillaria neumanniana Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 53. 1839. Mammillaria pentacantha Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406. 1840. Mammillaria subcurvata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 282. 1844. Mammillaria diadema Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845. Mammillaria krameri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 347. 1845. Mammillaria foersteri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 871. 1846. 2Mammillaria tetracentra Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 214. 1846. Mammillaria bockii Forst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 50. 1847. Mammillaria pazzanii Stieber, Bot. Zeit. 5: 491. 1847. Mammillaria divaricata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 210. 1848. Mammillaria hopferiana Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 329. 1848. Mammillaria glauca Dietr.; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 330. 1848. Mammillaria megacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 123. 1850. Mammillaria uberimamma Monville; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 120. 1853. ?Mammillaria cirrosa Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94, 1853. Mammillaria pachytele Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 17. 1855. Mammillaria lactescens Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 2: 117. 1859. Mammillaria geberweileriana Haage; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 358. 1885. Mammillaria schmidtit Sencke; First. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 876. 1885. Valley of Mexico, and elsewhere in central Mexico. Globose, the larger plants 10 cm. in diameter, sometimes solitary but oftener cespitose with 25 in a cluster or more, very milky throughout; tubercles conic or somewhat flattened or faintly 4-angled, 1 cm. long, the axils when young densely woolly; spines 3 to 5, very unequal, the upper ones short and straight, the lower one or two 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, recurved or incurved, all horn-colored, with black tips; flowers cream-colored ; fruit clavate, 2 cm. long, crimson; seeds brownish. 10. Neomammillaria macracantha (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 79. 1923. Mammillaria macracantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828. Cactus alternatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 95. 1894. San Luis Potost. 984 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Depressed-globose, 2 to 3 em. high, 6 to 15 em. in diameter ; axils of old tuber- cles naked, of young ones densely lanate; tubercles ovoid, somewhat 4-sided ; young spine areoles somewhat tomentose; spines 1 or 2, somewhat angled, elon- gate, the longest 5 em. long, porrect or more or less reflexed, white or yel- lowish ; flowers dark pink, a little longer than the tubercles; perianth segments linear, spreading. 11. Neomammillaria johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 80. 1923. Type from San Carlos Bay, Sonora. Plants large for the genus, globular to short-oblong, 15 to 20 em. high, Slightly depressed at apex; tubercles 1 to 1.3 em. long, 4-angled throughout, somewhat bluish, naked in the axils, milky; spine areoles when young short- floccose, in age glabrate, terete; radial spines 10 to 14, white but with brown tips, somewhat spreading, stiff-acicular; central spines 2, much longer and stouter than the radials, Slightly diverging, bluish brown; flowers from near the top of the plant but from the axils of old tubercles, campanulate, 2 cm. long; outer perianth segments ovate-lanceolate, greenish white with a reddish brown midrib; inner perianth segments narrow, acuminate, white. 12, Neomammillaria melanocentra (Poselg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 81. 1923. . Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 23: 17, 1855. Mammillaria erinacea Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 18. 1855. Mammillaria valida Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 806. 1898. Mexico; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Short-cylindric, glaucous-green; tubercles in 8 and 13 spirals, strongly angled; radial spines 6, stout-subulate, 1.5 to 2 em. long, brownish; central spines solitary, black, 2 to 2 em. long, greatly overtopping the stem: flowers pinkish red, the segments linear, acute, 13. Neomammillaria runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 4: 81. 1923. Type from El Mirador, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. Plants deep-seated, depressed; tubercles milky, elongate, 1.5 em. long, strongly 4-angled, their tips widely separated, the axils long-woolly (never setose), especially when young, sometimes permanently S80; young spine areoles long-woolly, in age glabrate; radial spines 6 to 8, slightly ascending, the outer ones stouter and often dark brown, the inner ones about half the length of the outer and nearly white: central spine solitary, brown to black, erect, 10 to 14 mm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long, purple; perianth segments oblong; fruit red, clavate, 12 to 16 mm. long; seeds brown. 14. Neomammillaria sartorii (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 82. 1923. Mammiltlaria sartorii Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 50. 1911. Veracruz, the type from Barranca de Pancaya. Globose to short-cylindric, 5 to 13 em. in diameter, cespitose, very milky, bluish green; tubercles Strongly 4-angled, pointed, 8 to 12 mm. long, their axils without bristles and in time without wool; spine areoles circular when young, densely white-woolly but in age glabrate; spines.4 to 6, very unequal, 5 to 8 mm. long, whitish or sometimes brownish, the central spine solitary; flowers 1.5 to 2 em. long, deep carmine; perianth segments oblong, apiculate, the tip dry, the outer ones ciliate, the inner serrulate; fruit carmine; seeds brown. 15. Neomammillaria seitziana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83. 1923. Mammillaria seitziana Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18. 1887. Mammillaria foveolata Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 872. 1846. Hidalgo, the type from Ixmiquilpan. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 985 Solitary or somewhat proliferous at base, cylindric, 12 cm. high; tubercles green, conic, somewhat angled; axils of tubercles woolly; areoles at first white-woolly, becoming glabrate; spines 4, the upper and lower longer than the lateral; flower rose-colored, about 25 mm. long; outer perianth seg- ments olive-colored, the inner linear-lanceolate, white, nerved with red. 16. Neomammillaria ortegae Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83, 1923. Sinaloa. * Simple, short-clavate, 5 to 8 em. in diameter, light green, lactiferous ; tubercles rather short (8 to 10 mm. long), broader at base, obscurely 4-angled, somewhat pointed, very woolly but not setose in the axils; spines all radial, 3 or 4, more commonly 4 (sometimes with 1 or 2 small additional spines or bristles, perhaps deciduous), spreading, straw-colored, 6 to 10 mm. long; flowers small; fruit clavate, 1 cm. long; seeds numerous, small, angled, brown. 17. Neomammillaria meiacantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83, 1923. Mammillaria meiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 263, 1856. Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico. Somewhat depressed, 12 cm. broad or more; tubercles milky, bluish green, more or less angled, somewhat flattened dorsally, the axils naked; spines 5 to 9, ascending, pale flesh-colored, the tips darker, the lower a little stouter than the upper; central spines porrect, similar to but a little stouter than the radials and often subradial; spine areoles short-woolly at first; inner perianth segments white with a pink stripe along the inside of the midrib one-fourth its width, greenish brown outside; fruit scarlet, 22 mm. long; seeds brownish. 18. Neomammillaria scrippsiana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 84, 1923. Type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Globose or becoming short-cylindric, 6 cm. high; tubercles milky, in 26 rows, bluish green, very woolly in the axils when young; spine areoles very woolly at first; radial spines 8 to 10, slender, pale with reddish tips; cen- tral spines generally 2, a little longer than the radials, brown throughout, slightly divergent; flowers borne near the top of the plant but not in the axils of the youngest tubercles, about 1 cm. long, pinkish, with the margins of the perianth segments paler. 19. Neomammillaria gigantea (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 85. 1923. Mammillaria gigantea Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 578. 1898. Guanajuato. Solitary or cespitose, depressed-globose, 10 em. high, 15 to 17 em. in diam- eter; axils of tubercles lanate; radial spines 12, subulate, white, 3 mm. long; central spines 4 to 6, stout, 2 cm. long, curved, yellowish brown ; flowers yel- lowish green. 20. Neomammillaria peninsularis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 85. 1923. Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Plants solitary or in clusters, deeply seated in the ground, more or less flat- topped, bluish green, the stems and tubercles very milky; tubercles erect, pointed, 4-angled, pale green; radial spines 4 to 8, nearly erect, short and pale with brown tips, one sometimes nearly central; axils of tubercles bearing long wool but in age naked; flowers 1.5 em. long, arising from old tubercles but near the center; outer perianth segments narrow, reddish, the inner narrow, acumi- nate, green or light yellow, with erose margins. 986 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 21. Neomammillaria flavovirens (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 85. 1923. Mammillaria flavovirens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 117. 1850. Mexico. Hither solitary or somewhat cespitose, globose or short-cylindric, 6 to 8 cm. high, light or yellowish green; tubercles somewhat 4-angled; axils naked; radial spines 5, slender, subulate; central spines solitary, porrect; flowers white, streaked with rose. 22. Neomammillaria sempervivi (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 86. 1923. Mammillaria sempervivi DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828, Mammillaria caput-medusae Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 22. 1837. Mammillaria diacantha Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 2. 1888. Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico. Solitary or somewhat cespitose, flattened above, narrowed below; axils of tubercles very woolly, milky; tubercles short, angled; spine areoles very woolly when young but glabrate in age; radial spines 3 to 7, short, white, caducous; central spines 2, ascending, brownish, stoutish ; flowers dull white, with reddish lines; inner perianth segments acute, spreading. 23. Neomammillaria obscura (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 87. 1923. Mammillaria obscura Hildm. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 52. 1891. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary, depressed-globose, blackish green; axils woolly; tubercles ar- ranged in 13 and 21 spirals, angled, Stout, woolly in the axils but not setose; radial spines 6 to 8, subulate, white, unequal, the upper ones shorter than the lower; central spines 2 to 4, the lower one slightly curved, black; flowers small. 24. Neomammillaria crocidata (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 87. 1923. Mammillaria crocidata Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 9. 1888. Mammillaria webbiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 45. 1839. Querétaro and elsewhere in central Mexico. Plant globose or a little depressed, 5 to 6 em. in diameter; radial spines 6 or 7, dark brown or nearly black; central spines none; axils of tubercles in young plant densely woolly; flowers from axils of old tubercles near top of plant, reddish purple, 12 to 14 em. long; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner acuminate. 25. Neomammillaria polythele (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 88. 1928. Mammillaria polythele Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 328. 1832. ‘ Mammillaria quadrispina Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 329. 1832. Mammillaria columnaris Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 330. 1832. Mammillaria afinis DC, Mém. Cact. 11, 1834. Mammitlaria setosa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 379. 1835. ?Mammillaria hidalgensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 118. 1907. Hidalgo. Elongate, cylindric, often 30 to 50 em. high, 7 to 10 em. in diameter; tu- bercles milky, in about 21 spirals, 10 to 12 mm. long, nearly terete, some- what narrowed toward apex, dull green; axils of young tubercles densely long-woolly and often nearly covering the top of plant, in age becoming naked; spines 2 to 4, perhaps sometimes 6, all radial, somewhat spreading, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, reddish, straight or a little curved ; flowers from near the top of the plant, reddish, 8 to 10 mm. long; perianth segments narrow, acuminate; fruit red, clavate; seeds small, brownish. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 987 26. Neomammillaria carnea (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 88. 1923. Mammillaria carnea Zuce.; Pfeiff, Enum. Cact. 19. 1837. Mammiillaria subtetragona Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 169. 1840. Mammillaria aeruginosa Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840. Mammillaria pallescens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841. Central and southern Mexico, the type from Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Plants solitary, cylindric, 8 to 9 cm. high; tubercles strongly 4-angled, the axils woolly, the upper ones erect; radial spines none ; central spines 4, straight, reddish, the lower one 10 mm. long, twice as long as the other 3; flowers borne in the old axils; outer perianth segments nearly 2 cm. long, nearly erect, flesh-colored; fruit pear-shaped, obtuse, bright red. 27. Neomammillaria lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 89. 1923. Zacatecas. Plant body at first flattened but in cultivation becoming elongate, sometimes 10 em. long, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; axils of young tubercles only slightly woolly; tubercles milky, small, numerous, 4-angled, woolly when quite young; radial spines 3 or 4, ascending, glabrous, the uppermost one red or dark brown, the others whitish, 2 to 5 mm. long; central spines none; flowers in a ring near the center of plant; outer perianth segments dark red with light or colored margins, the inner white with a tinge of red and dark red central stripes, not ciliate, apiculate, spreading above. 28. Neomammillaria zuccariniana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 89. 1923. Mammillaria zuccariniana Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 331. 1832. San Luis Potosf. Globose to elongate-cylindric, 8 to 20 cm. long, bluish green, milky; areoles and axils of young tubercles filled with white wool; radial spines wanting or represented by very stout bristles; central spines 2 to 4, black, unequal, 2 to 12 mm. long, spreading; flowers about 1 cm. long, with a broad open throat; outer perianth segments brownish, acute, the inner lanceolate, acute, entire, magenta; fruit red, 10 mm. long; seeds brownish. 29, Neomammillaria formosa (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 99. 1923, Mammillaria formosa Galeotti; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 497. 1838. San Luis Potosi; type from San Felipe. Somewhat clavate, sunken at apex; axils lanate; tubercles spirally arranged, obtusely 4-angled, light green; areoles naked; radial spines 20 to 22, white, rigid, radiating; central spines 6, spreading, thickened at base, at first flesh- colored at base, black at tip, becoming black throughout or grayish; flowers red. 30. Neomammillaria compressa (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 90. 1923. Mammillaria compressa DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828. Mammillaria sudangularis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828, Mammillaria triacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828. Mammillaria cirrhifera Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 334. 1832. Mammillaria angularis Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 12. 1837. Mammillaria squarrosa Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 2: 116. 1850. Mammillaria oettingenii Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 10. 1898. Mammillaria kleinschmidtiana Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 21. 1898. Querétaro, San Luis Potosf, and elsewhere in central Mexico. Growing in large clumps, cylindric, pale bluish green; axils of tubercles white-woolly, setose; tubercles short, compressed laterally, keeled below, more rounded above; young spine areoles white-woolly; principal spines 4, some- 988 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, times with 1 to 3 very short ‘accessory ones from the lower part of the areole ; lower spine much longer, spreading or recurved, 5 to 6 cm. long, somewhat angled; all spines pale, more or less tinged with brown, with dark tips; flower * pinkish, 10 to 12 mm. long; outer perianth segments acute, somewhat ciliate, the inner narrow, acuminate, with spreading tips; fruit clavate, red; seeds brown. 31. Neomammillaria mystax (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 92. 1923. Mammillaria mystax Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 382, 1832. Mammillaria leucotricha Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 388. 1840. Mammillaria zanthotricha Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840. Mammillaria mutabitis Schetdw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841. Mammillaria funkii Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841. Mammillaria autumnalis Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 297, 1848. Mammillaria maschalacantha Monville; Labour, Monogr. Cact. 106, 1853. Mountains of Puebla and Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere in southern Mexico. Globose to short-cylindric, 7 to 15 em. high, flat-topped; tubercles in as many as 34 rows, thickly set, milky ; radial spines 8 to 10, small, white; central spines 4, 3 about twice as long as the radial ones, the other much elongate, 6 to 7 em. long; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. long, appearing in 2 or 3 rows, very abundant; inner perianth segments dark red, 12 mm. long; fruit red, 2 to 2.5 em. long. 32. Neomammillaria petterssonii (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 94, 1923. Mammillaria petterssonii Hildm. Deutsch. Gartenz. 1886: 185. 1886. Mammillaria heeseana McDowell, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 125. 1896. Guanajuato. Plants rather large for the genus, cylindric, 20 em. high or more, very spiny; tubercles arranged in 18 or 21 spirals, terete, setose in their axils; radial spines 10 to 12, white, with black tips; central spines 4, the longest ones 4.5 em. long; fruit small, naked, oblong. 33. Neomammillaria karwinskiana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 95. 1923. Mammillaria karwinskiana Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 335. 1832. ? Mammillaria fischeri Pteiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836. Mammillaria centrispina Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 258, 1836. ? Mammillaria virens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841. Oaxaca. alobose to cylindric, somewhat flattened above; tubercles terete, milky; spnes 4 to 6, all radial, sometimes one more near the center than the others, nearly equal, short, brown or blackish at the tips or throughout; axils very woolly and with long, conspicuous, white or brown-tipped bristles much longer than the tubercles; flowers nearly 2 cm. long, the scales and outer perianth segments narrow, reddish except at the margins, ciliate; inner perianth segments broader, cream-colored, not ciliate, mucronate-tipped ; fruit 15 mm. long, red; seeds brown. Related to this species is Mammillaria knippeliana Quehl (Monatsschr, Kakteenk, 17: 59.1907). It was described from cultivated plants. 34. Neomammillaria standleyi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 97. 1923. Sonora; type from Sierra de Alamos. Plants usually solitary, nearly globose, often 10 em. in diameter, pale green, densely covered with spines; axils of tubercles containing white bristles, the flowering and fruiting ones filled with dense white wool: radial spines ahout STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 989 16, slightly spreading, white except the dark tips; central spines 4, longer and stouter than the radials, porrect, reddish brown; flowers about 12 mm. long, purplish; inner perianth segments oblong, entire; fruit scarlet, 12 to 16 mm. long; seeds brownish. 35. Neomammillaria evermanniana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 97. 1923. Type from Cerralbo Island, Baja California. Globose to elongate-turbinate, 5 to 7 em. in diameter, lactiferous; tubercles closely set, terete, nearly hidden under the numerous slender spines; axils of tubercles at first very woolly and setose; spines white except at tip, there brown; radial spines 12 to 15; central spines 3, erect or nearly so; fruit red, about 1 cm. long; seeds brown. 36. Neomammillaria parkinsonii (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 98. 1923. Manmillaria parkinsonii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 375. 1840, Central Mexico; type from San Onofre in the Mineral del Doctor. Cespitose, somewhat depressed to cylindric, 15 cm. high, 7.5 cm. in diameter, globose, glaucous-green ; axils of tubercles lanate and setose; tubercles milky, short, conic; radial spines numerous, setaceous, short, white; central spines 2 or sometimes 4 or 5, brownish at tip; flowers surrounded by a mass of wool, small, yellowish; inner perianth segments apiculate; fruit clavate, scarlet, 1 em. long; seeds brown. 37. Neomammillaria geminispina (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 98. 1923, Mammillaria geminispina Haw. Phil. Mag. 63: 42. 1824. Mammillaria bicolor Lehm. Sam. Cact. Hamb. Gart. 7. 1830. Mammillaria nivea Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 27. 1837. Mammillaria daedala Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 16. 1837. Mammillaria toaldoae Lehm. Linnaea 12: 13. 1838 Mammillaria eburnea Miquel, Linnaea 12: 14. 1838. Mammillaria nobilis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840. North-central Mexico. Cespitose or single in cultivation, cylindric, somewhat glaucous; axils woolly; tubercles terete, conic; radial spines 16 to 20, very short, setaceous, white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter and longer than the radials, about 25 mm. long, black-tipped; flowers dark red; inner perianth segments oblong, obtuse, serrate. 38. Neomammillaria pyrrhocephala (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 99, 1923. Mammillaria pyrrhocephala Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841. Mammillaria senkei Férst. Handb. Cact. 227. 1846. Hidalgo and perhaps Oaxaca; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Cylindric; axils lanate and setose ; tubercles angled, green or subglaucous ; areole bearing yellowish wool; spines all black when young, when old becom- ing gray below; rad‘al spines 6, spreading, the upper ones a little longer ; central spines single, erect; flowers red. 39. Neomammillaria collinsii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923. Type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca, Plants forming large clumps, the individuals globose, 4 em. in diameter; tubercles terete, green but becoming bronzed or even deep purple; axils of tubercles both lanate and setose; radial spines usually 7, pale yellowish below, with dark brown or blackish tips, subequal, 5 to 7 mm. long; central 990 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. spine 1, similar to or a little longer and usually darker than the radials; flowers 12 to 15 mm. long; outer perianth segments reddish with yellowish margin, ciliate; inner perianth segments lighter, entire, acuminate; fruit clavate, 15 cm. long, deep red; seeds brownish. 40. Neomammillaria chinocephala (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923. Mammillaria chinocephala Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 41. 1906. Highlands of central Mexico; type from Sierra de Parras, Coahuila. Plants globose, sometimes 8 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the white spines; tubercles low, very milky; axils of tubercles densely filled with white wool and numerous hairlike bristles; radial spines 35 to 40, somewhat pecti- nate, spreading ; central spines 2 to 7, more or less divergent, much stouter than the radials, rigid, white, with brownish tips; flowers 1 cm. long, rose-red ; fruit clavate, red; seeds small, brown. 41. Neomammillaria tenampensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923. Type from Barranca de Tenampa. Globose, light green, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles 6 to 7 mm. long, 4-sided, pointed; axils of upper tubercles naked, but those producing flowers filled with yellow wool and numerous yellow bristles; spines 4 to 6, brown- ish with dark tips, ascending, surrounded at base by 8 to 10 small white bristles; outermost perianth segments small, brownish, the outer ones lanceolate, acuminate, similar to the inner ones, all ciliate; inner perianth segments reddish purple, 8 to 10 mm. long, lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate. 42. Neomammillaria polygona (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923. Mammillaria polygona Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 120. 1850. Mexico, the range not known. Subclavate, 10 em. high, simple; axils of tubercles lanate and setose ; tubercles 4-angled; radial spines about 8, 2 or 3 upper ones minute, the 4 lateral ones and the lowermost one longer; central spines 2, stout, brownish at tip, often long and recurved; flowers pale rose-colored. Related to this species is Mammillaria echinops Scheidw. (Hort. Belg. 5: 95. 1838), which was described from Mexico. 43. Neomammillaria confusa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102. 1923. Mexico, but range not known. At first solitary, becoming cespitose, globose to short-cylindric, deep green; axils densely white-woolly and setose; tubercles short, a little flattened, 4- angled, pointed; spines 4 to 6, all radial, ascending, at first yellowish with brown tips, in age white below, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, about 8 mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate, ciliate, with a black mucro-tip; inner perianth segments spreading, acute. 44, Neomammillaria villifera (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102, 1923. Mammillaria villifera Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18. 1837. Mexico, but range not known. Subglobose, proliferous; axils lanate and setose; tubercles angled; areoles at first lanate, in age naked; spines 4, rigid, straight, the lowest one longer (8 mm. long), at first purplish, in age black; flowers pale rose-colored; in- ner perianth segments 14, acute. 45. Neomammillaria polyedra (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102. 1923. Mammillaria polyedra Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 326. 1832. Mammillaria polytricha Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 289, 1842. Southern Mexico; type from Oaxaca. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 991 Simple, cylindric or somewhat broader above; axils of tubercles setose ; tubercles 12 mm. long, flattened dorsally, angled, pointed; spines 4, ascending. short, grayish with purplish tips; flowers inconspicuous, reddish; inner peri- anth segments short-acuminate. 46. Neomammillaria conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 103. 1923. Type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca. Short-cylindric, 8 cm. high, sometimes branched at apex, dark green, very milky; axils of young tubercles bearing an abundance of white wool and con- spicuous white bristles; tubercles 4 to 5 mm. long, somewhat angled; young spine areoles woolly; spines 4 or 5, all radial, somewhat spreading, brownish, the tips usually darker than the bases; flowers white, campanulate, sometimes tinged with red, about 2 cm. long, the segments somewhat spreading, nar- rowly oblong, the outer ones serrulate, apiculate. 47. Neomammillaria napina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104. 1923. Mammillaria napina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 161. 1912. Southern Mexico; type from mountains west of Tehuacin, Puebla. Roots thick, elongate when small, single, but when in a cluster of 3 or 4, somewhat spindle-shaped; plants globose, 4 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles low, terete in section, not at all milky; spines all radial, 10 to 12, pectinate, white or yellowish, spreading and interlacing. 48. Neomammillaria lanata Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104, 1923. Type from Rfo de Santa Luisa. Small, short-cylindric; tubercles 2 to 4 mm. long; spine areoles short-elliptic ; spines 12 to 14, all radial, widely spreading, white except the brown bases ; flowering areoles very woolly, the young flowers surrounded by a mass of long white hairs; flowers 6 to 7 mm. long, red; inner perianth segments about 15, oblong, obtuse or acutish, spreading above. 49. Neomammillaria kewensis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104. 1923. Mammillaria kewensis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 112. 1850. Mexico, but range not known. Globose to cylindric, 8 to 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, when young short-woolly in the axils and at the areoles; spines 5 or 6, all radial, 4 to 5 mm. long, brown with dark tips; axils of tubercles bearing crisp hairs; flowers about 15 mm. long, reddish purple; perianth segments lanceolate, acute. 50. Neomammillaria subpolyedra (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 105. 1923. Mammillaria subpolyedra Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 843. 1834. Hidalgo. Solitary, subcylindric, 10 em. high, 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles pointed, strongly angled; axils and spine areoles white-woolly; spines 4, at first black- ish purple, becoming paler but the tips remaining purplish, the lowest one largest; flowers 2.5 cm. broad; perianth segments obtuse, erose, with darker midrib; fruit red, 2.5 cm. long, pyriform, 12 mm. in diameter at apex. 51. Neomammillaria galeottii (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 105. 1923. Mammillaria galeottii Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 93. 1837. Mexico, the range not known. Simple or cespitose, the joints globose; tubercles pointed; spines 4, elongate, the upper ones erect and connivent over the apex of the plant, on the older tubercles weak and spreading, 2.5 cm. long. 992 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 52. Neomammillaria tetracantha (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 106. 1923. Mammillaria tetracantha Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18, 1837. Mammillaria obconella Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 93. 1837. Mammillaria dolichocentra Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 3. 1838. Mammillaria rigidispina Hildmann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 112, 1893. Mexico, the range not known. Nearly globose, 6 to 8 em. in diameter; axils of tubercles with seant per- sistent wool; tubercles 8 to 10 mm. long, obscurely 4-angled; areoles small, at first lanate, somewhat 4-angled; spines 4, all radial, slender, the 3 lower equal, the upper one incurved, longer, 25 mm. long, when young all yellowish white, in age grayish yellow or brown; flowers numerous from near the top of the plant, small, pinkish to rose-colored ; inner perianth segments narrowly lanceo- late, acuminate. 53. Neomammillaria elegans (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 107. 1928. Mammillaria geminispina DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 30. 1828. Not J. genvinispina Haw. 1824. Mammillaria elegans DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 11. 1828. Mammillaria acanthophlegma Lehn. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832. Mammillaria superterta Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 25, 1887. Mammitlaria dyckiana Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 26. 1837. Mammillaria klugii Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844. Mammillaria meisneri Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844, Mammillaria kunthii Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844. Mammillaria splendens Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242, 1849, Central Mexico. Simple, obovate to globose, 5 em. in diameter, somewhat umbilicate at apex; tubercles ovate, naked in their axils, not lactiferous; spine areoles tomentose when young; radial spines stiff, bristle-like, 25 to 30, white, spreading; central spine 1 (sometimes 2 or 8), rigid. Related to this species are Mammillaria conspicua Purpus (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912) and M. microthele Miihlenpf. (Allg. Gartenz. 16: 11. 1848; Cactus bispinus Coulter, Contr. U. &. Nat. Herb. 3: 101, 1894). 54. Neomammillaria pseudoperbella (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 109. 1923. Mammillaria pseudoperbella Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 188. 1909. Oaxaca and elsewhere. Simple or with few branches, globose to short-cylindric, very spiny, de- pressed at apex; tubercles short-cylindric: radial spines 20 to 30, setaceous, white, short; central spines 2, one erect, the other turned backward. 55. Neomammillaria dealbata (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 110, 1923. Mammiltlaria dealbata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 309. 1845. Valley of Mexico and elsewhere in Central Mexico. Globose, to short-cylindric, glaucous, more or less depressed at apex but almost hidden by the many closely appressed spine clusters; axils of tubercles and young spine areoles densely lanate but in age glabrate; radial spines about 20, white, short, appressed; central spines 2, much stouter and longer than the radials, sometimes 1 em. long, the upper ones often erect, white be- low, brown or black at tip; flowers small, carmine; fruit clavate, red; seeds brown. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 9938 56. Neomammillaria haageana (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 110. 1923 Mammillaria haageana Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836. Mexico, the range not known. Somewhat cespitose, the individual plants globose or somewhat elongate in age; axils slightly woolly; radial spines about 20, radiating, white, cen- tral spines 2, a little longer than the radials, black; flowers small, carmine- rose, 57. Neomammillaria perbella (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1923. Mammillaria perbella Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 567. 1898. Mexico, the range not known. ° Solitary or somewhat cespitose, depressed-globose, glaucous-green ; tubercles short-conic, their axils lanate; radial spines 14 to 18, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, setaceous, white; central spines 2, very short (4 to 6 mm. long); flowers 9 to 10 mm. long, reddish. 58. Neomammillaria collina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1925. Mammillaria collina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 162. 1912. Puebla, the type from Esperanza. Simple, globose, 12 to 18 cm. in diameter, somewhat depressed at apex; tubercles cylindr'e, 1 cm. long or less, woolly in their axils; radial spines 16 to 18, white, 4 mm. long; central spines 1 to 2, longer than the radials; flowers rose-colored, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit 2 em. long, red. 59. Neomammillaria donatii (Berge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1923. Mammillaria donatit Berge; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 135. 1903. Mexico, the range not known. Usually simple, stout and globose but sometimes branching, glaucous- green; tubercles small, conic, naked in their axils; radial spines 16 to 18, 8 mm, long, glossy; central spines 2, yellowish black, 10 mm, long; flowers reddish, 15 mm. long. 60. Neomammillaria mundtii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 112, 1923. Mammillaria mundtit Schum, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 141. 1903. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary, so far as known, globose, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles not milky, nearly terete, dark green, rather short and stubby, naked in their axils; spine areoles circular, somewhat lanate when young; radial spines 8 to 19, swollen at base, spreading or somewhat curved backward, 6 to 8 mm. long, brownish when young, the tips usually darker; central spines 2, a little stouter and longer than the radials, porrect; flower from near the center of the plant, 2 cm. long. 61. Neomammillaria celsiana (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 112. 1923. Mammillaria celsiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 41. 1839. Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii Férst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 49. 1847. Mammillaria schaeferi Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847. ?Mammillaria perringii Hildmann, Gartenwelt 10: 250. 1906. Oaxaca and elsewhere in southern Mexico. Plant body subglobose, becoming columnar, 10 to 12.5 cm, high, 7.5 cm. in diameter, deep green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles conic, compact; spine areoles small, round, woolly when young; radial spines 24 to 26, about equal, white, setaceous; central spines 4 to 6, rarely 7, somewhat longer than the radials, terete, rigid, pale yellow, more or less recurved and unequal, 8 to 16 mm. long; flowers red; fruit described as green. 994 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 62. Neomammillaria aureiceps (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 114, 1923. Mammillaria aureiceps Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 8. 1838. Valley of Mexico. Globose to short-oblong, 8 to 10 em. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, woolly and setose in their axils; radial spines about 20, bristle-like, white, 5 to 8 mm. long, spreading; central spines several, sometimes as many as 9, yellow, stouter and longer than the radials, 10 to 14 mm. long, somewhat spreading and a little curved inward; flowers small, dark red. 63. Neomammillaria yucatanensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 114. 1923. Yucatin; typé from Progreso. Plants in clumps of 4, erect, cylindric, not milky, 10 to 15 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, very spiny; tubercles conic, woolly in their axils but not setose; radial spines about 20, white, spreading, acicular; central spines 4 or rarely 5, much stouter than the radials, 6 to 8 mm. long, slghtly spreading above, yel- lowish brown; flowers very small, rose; fruit oblong, bright red. 64. Neomammillaria pringlei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 115. 1923. Cactus pringlei Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894. Mammillaria pringlei K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 7. 1900. State of Mexico; type from Tultenango Canyon. Solitary, with long fibrous roots, usually globose but sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, 6 to 16 cm. high, 6 to 7 em. in diameter; tubercles dull green, terete, conic, 6 to 10 mm. long; axils of tubercles woolly and setose ; spines all yellow; radial spines 18 to 20, setaceous, spreading, 5 to 8 mm. long; central spines 5 to 7, much stouter and longer than the radials, more or less recurved, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, those from the upper areoles curved over the apex of the plant; flowers deep red, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruits borne in a circle near the middle of the plant, oblong, 12 to 15 mm. long; seeds small, brown. 65. Neomammillaria cerralboa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 116. 1923. Type from Cerralbo Island, Baja California. Cylindric, solitary, 10 to 15 cm. high, 5 to 6 em. in diameter; tubercles not milky, yellowish, terete, obtuse, closely set; spines all yellow, very much alike, about 11, one usually more central, the longer ones nearly 2 cm. long; flowers 1 cm. long or less. 66. Neomammillaria phaeacantha (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 116. 1923. Mammillaria phaeacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 47. 1839. Mammillaria nigricans Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847. Mexico, the range not known. Globose or somewhat depressed, green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles conic, hardly if at all angled; spine areoles small, yellowish-tomentose (prob- ably so only when young); radial spines 16 to 20, white, setaceous; central spines 4, black, subulate, spreading or reflexed, the lowest one longest ; flowers from the upper part of the plant, dark red; perianth segments oblong, acumi- nate, 67. Neomammillaria graessneriana (Bideker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 117. 1923. Mammillaria graessneriana Boédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 84. 1920. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary or becoming cespitose, globose, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter, dark bluish green, somewhat depressed at apex; tubercles 4-angled, 8 mm. long, not milky, obtuse or truncate at apex, not setose in the axils; spine areoles circular, 995 STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. white-woolly when young, nearly naked in age; radial spines 18 to 20, acicular, 6 to 8 mm. long, white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter than the radials, spread- ing, 8 mm. long, reddish brown; flowers small, somewhat distant from the apex of the plant. 68. Neomammillaria spinosissima (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 117. 1923. Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Manmillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Manmillaria Manmillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria spinosissima Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 4. 1838. polycentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 130. 1840. auricoma Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 308. 1846. polyacantha Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 265, 1848. polyactina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848. hepatica Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267, 1848. pomacea Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848. pulcherrima Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 249. 1849. pretiosa Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 250, 1849. caesia Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849. mirabilis Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849. pruinosa Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849. seegeri Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849. haseloffii Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849. herrmannii Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849. Mammitlaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria Mammillaria aurorea Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849. linkeana Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849. vulpina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849. eximia Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849. isabellina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849. uhdeana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 83. 1850. castaneoides Lemaire; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 37. 1853. Mammillaria sanguinea Haage; Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 276. 1883. Mammillaria poselgeriana Haage; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 269. 1885. High mountains of Mexico and Morelos, and elsewhere in central Mexico. Cylindrie, 7 to 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 cm. in diameter, almost hidden under a dense covering of spines; axils of tubercles setose; tubercles 2 to 3 mm. long; spines yellow to red, usually weak, hardly pungent; radial spines about 20, 1 cm. long or less; central spines 7 or 8, 2 cm. long or more; flowers from the upper part of the plant, purplish, 12 mm. long; inner perianth segments acute. 69. Neomammillaria densispina (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 119. 19238. Cactus densispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894. Mammillaria pseudofuscata Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 114. 1914. San Luis Potosi Globose, 6 to 10 em. in diameter, entirely hidden by the dense covering of spines; tubercles short and thick, green, not milky; radial spines 25 or more, slightly spreading, about 1 cm. long, whitish or pale yellow; central spines 5 or 6, longer than the radials, 10 to 12 mm. long, the upper half or third dark brown; flowers purple without, yellowish within, 1.5 em. long; seeds obovate, reddish brown, 1 mm. in diameter. 70. Neomammillaria nunezii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 120. 1923. Guerrero, the type from Buenavista de Cuellar. Globose to cylindric, 1.5 em. long, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter; tubercles closely set, short, terete, setose in their axils; radial spines white, stiff, about 30, 996 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. widely spreading; central spines 2 to 4, stout, 10 to 15 mm. long, brown to nearly blackish at tip; fruit 2.5 cm. long, clavate, white or tinged with pink; seeds small, brown. 71. Neomammillaria amoena (Hoppfer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 120, 1923. Mammillaria amoena Hoppfer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 99. 1850. Morelos and elsewhere in central Mexico. Stems robust, columnar; tubercles green, ovoid, obtuse, subglaucous; radial spines 16, slender, radiating, white; central spines 2, rigid, yellowish brown, 8 to 10 mm. long, the upper one longer and recurved; flowers appearing from the axils above the middle of the plant,. 2 em. long, the tube cone-shaped, green; outer perianth segments somewhat brownish, the inner with a pale brown central stripe, the margins nearly white, obtuse, entire. 72. Neomammillaria rhodantha (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 121. 1923. Mammillaria rhodantha Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 51. 1829, Mammillaria pulchra Haw. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1329. 1830. Mammillaria fulvispina Haw. Phil. Mag. 7: 108. 1830. ?‘Mammillaria inuncta Hoffmannsegg, Preiss-Verz. ed. 7. 23. 1883. Mammillaria erinacea Wendl. Cact. Herrenh. 1835. Mammillaria chrysacantha Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28. 1837. Mammillaria fuscata Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28, 1837. Mammiltlaria tentaculata Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 29. 1837. Mammillaria ruficeps Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 37. 1839. Mammillaria odierana Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 46. 1839. Mammitlaria pyrrhochracantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Monyv. 51. 1839. Mammillaria pfeifferi Booth; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 6: 93. 1839. ? Mammillaria crassispina Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406. 1840. Mammillaria stenocephala Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841. ? Mammillaria imbricata Wegener, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 66. 1844. Mammillaria sulphurea Senke; Forst. Handb. Cact. 200. 1846. Mammillaria robusta Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 207. 1846. Mammillaria stueberi Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 517. 1846. Mammillaria lanifera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 98, 1850. ? Mammillaria russea Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 347. 1851. Probably central Mexico. Cylindric, 10 to 30 em. long, erect, dull green: tubercles terete, some- what narrowed toward the apex, 3 to 5 mm. long, not milky; axils of tubercles sometimes bearing bristles, often naked; radial spines 15 to 20, white, 5 to 7 mm. long; central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown, straight, ascending, much stouter than the radials, 10-to 12 mm. long; flowers numerous, rose-colored, 12 mm. broad; inner perianth segments linear, somewhat spreading, pointed; fruit 2.5 cm. long, cylindric, lilac to red; seeds brownish. 73. Neomammillaria plumosa (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 4: 123, 1923. Mammillaria plumosa Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 1898. Northern Mexico. Small, growing in dense clusters, sometimes 15 cm. broad, entirely cov- ered by the mass of white spines; tubercles somewhat woolly in their axils, 2 to 3 mm. long; spines about 40, all radial, weak, plumose, 3 to 7 mm. long; flowers white, 3 to 4 mm. long; perianth segments with a red line running down the center; seeds black. STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 997 74. Neomammillaria multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 125. 1923. Mammillaria multiceps Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 81. 1850. Northeastern Mexico. Texas. Cespitose, often forming large clumps; separate plants globose to short- oblong, often only 1 to 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, terete, hairy in their axils; radial spines hairlike, white; central spines several, pubescent, yellowish at base, dark brown above; flowers about 12 mm. long, whitish to salmon-yellowish, often becoming reddish on the outside; fruit oblong, 8 to 12 mm. long, scarlet; seeds black, 1 mm. long, punctate. 75. Neomammillaria camptotricha (Dams) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 126. 1923. Mammillaria camptotricha Dams, Gartenwelt 10: 14. 1905. Deserts of eastern Querétaro. Plants globose, cespitose, deep green, 5 em. in diameter; tubercles some- what elongate, often curved, 2 cm. long, terete, not at all milky, bearing bris- tles in the axils; spines 2 to 4, described as up to as many as 8, yellowish, bristle-like, spreading and twisted or bent, often 3 cm. long; spine areoles small, circular, a little woolly at first; axils of tubercles bristly; flowers about 1 em. long; outer perianth segments greenish, the inner white, 10 mm. long, acute. 76. Neomammillaria eriacantha (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 127. 1923. Mammillaria eriacantha Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 32. 1837. Central Mexico. Solitary or cespitose, 10 to 15 em. high, cylindric, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles spiraled, in 22 rows; radial spines about 20, delicate, spreading, pubescent; cen- tral spines 2, widely spreading, stouter than the radials, pubescent, yellowish ; flowers borne in a ring above the middle of the plant, yellow, 14 mm. broad; inner perianth segments about 14, linear, acute; fruit at first greenish white, afterwards tinged with red, short-clavate. 77. Neomammillaria schiedeana (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 128. 1923. Mammillaria schiedeana Ehrenb.; Schlecht. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 249. 1838. ?Mammillaria sericata Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 44. 1839. Mammillaria dumetorum Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 149. 1912. ?Mammillaria cephalophora Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 158. 1914. Central Mexico, the type from Puente de Dios. Densely cespitose, somewhat soft in texture; axils of tubercles bearing long bristle-like white hairs; tubercles green, terete; radial spines about 30, white, spreading, bristle-like, puberulent; central spines 6 to 10, spreading and ap- pressed against the radials, a little stouter, often tinged with yellow; flowers 15 mm. long; inner perianth segments white. 78. Neomammillaria lasiacantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 128. 1923. Manmillaria lasiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856. Northern Chihuahua. Texas. Globose, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, their axils naked; spines 40 to 60, in more than one series, white, puberulent, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers 12 mm. long, whitish or pink; fruit 1 to 2 cm. long; seeds blackish, pitted. 998 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 79. Neomammillaria denudata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 129. 1923. Mammillaria lasiacantha denudata Engelm. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Cact. 5. 1859, Coahuila. Texas. Globose, 2.5 to 3.5 em. in diameter; tubercles 5 to 6 mm. long; spines 50 to 80, glabrous or nearly so, 3 to 5 mm. long, the innermost usually mucn shorter; flowers and fruit from near the center but not from the axils of young tubercles; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth segments about 12, ob- long, obtuse, the margins white, the center light purple; fruit clavate, red, 1.5 to 2 em. long; seeds black. 80. Neomammillaria lenta (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 129. 1923. Mammillaria lenta K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 194, 1904. Coahuila, the type from Viesca. Described as cespitose; individuals globose to short-cylindric, almost hid- den by the white delicate spines; tubercles very slender, light green; spine areoles naked; spines about 40, very fragile; axils woolly and occasionally bearing a single bristle; flowers whitish, 7 mm. long; perianth segments pointed; fruit red, clavate; seeds 1 mm. in diameter, dull black. 81. Neomammillaria candida (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 130. 1923. Mammillaria candida Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 496. 1838. Mammillaria sphaerotricha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 33. 1839. Mammillaria humboldtii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 378. 1840. Central Mexico; type from San Luis Potosf. Cespitose; individual plants globose, 5 to 7 em. in diameter, almost hidden by the white spines; radial spines numerous, radiating; central spines 8 to 12, porrect, often brownish at tip, a little stouter than the radials; axils setose; flowers 2 cm. long, rose-colored; perianth segments serrulate toward the apex; fruit red; seeds black. 82. Neomammillaria vetula (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 130. 1923. Mammillaria vetula Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 338, 1832. Hidalgo; type from San José del Oro. Plant somewhat club-shaped, 4 to 5 cm. high; tubercles terete, light green, somewhat shining; axils naked or sometimes with a small tuft of wool ; radial spines about 25, spreading, white, bristle-like; central spines 1 to 6, stouter than the radials, brownish; flowers 12 to 15 mm. long, borne at up- per part of the plant; outer perianth segments red, with yellowish mar- gins, the inner cream-colored. 83. Neomammillaria fertilis (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 131. 1923. Mammillaria fertilis Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 530. 1898. Mexico, the range not known. Cespitose, the individual plant globose to short-cylindric, dark green; tubercles arranged in 8 or 13 rows, a little woolly in their axils; radial spines 7 to 10, acicular, 6 mm. long; central spines 1 or 2, straight, stouter than the radials, 10 mm. long; flowers deep crimson, 2 cm. long; inner perianth segments linear-lanceolate, acute. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 999 84. Neomammillaria decipiens (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 131. 1923. Mammillaria decipiens Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 496. 1838. Mammillaria anancistria Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 39. 1839. Mammillaria guilleminiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 48. 1839. San Luis Potosi. Usually cespitose, deep green; tubercles soft, cylindric, about 1 cm. long, their axils bearing 2 or 3 bristles each; radial spines 7 to 9, spreading, slender, white, sometimes yellowish with brown tips, puberulent when young; cen- tral spine 1, much longer than the radials, erect or ascending, 15 to 18 mm. long, dark brown; flower 15 mm. long, broadly funnel-shaped; inner perianth segments nearly white or faintly tinged with pink, acute. 85. Neomammillaria discolor (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 132. 1923. Mammillaria discolor Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 177. 1812. Cactus depressus DC. Cact. Hort. Monsp. 84. 18138. Not C. depressus Haw. 1812. Cactus pseudomammillaris Salm-Dyck, Liste Pl. 1: 1. 1815. Cactus spini Colla, Mém. Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 133. 1826. Mammillaria albida Haage; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28. 1837. Mammillaria aciculata Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 29. 18387. ?Mammillaria curvispina Otto; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 204. 1846. Mammillaria nitens Otto; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 331. 1848. Mammillaria pulchella Otto; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 331. 1848. Puebla. Globose or somewhat depressed, often solitary, about 7 cm. in diameter ; tubercles ovoid-conic, arranged in 13 to 15 spirals, their axils naked; radial spines 16 to 20, white, setaceous, widely spreading; central spines about 6, stouter than the radials, straight, at first black with white bases; flowers 15 mm. broad when fully open; inner perianth segments linear, white, with violet- rose band; fruit red, 2.5 cm. long. 86. Neomammillaria fragilis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 133. 1923. Mammillaria fragilis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 103. 1850. Mexico, the range not known. Stems usually oblong or club-shaped, sprouting freely toward the top; branches globose and breaking off at the slighest touch; tubercles bright green, terete, their axils nearly naked; radial spines 12 to 14, white, naked, spread- ing; central spines usually wanting, especially on branches, if present 1 or 2, elongate, erect, brownish especially at tip; young spine areoles with white wool; flowers from the upper part of plant but not from the center, small, lasting for several days, cream-colored, the outer segments somewhat pinkish ; petals broad, with mucronate tip. 87. Neomammillaria elongata (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 134, 1923. Mammillaria elongata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 109. 1828. Mammitilaria subcrocea DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828. Mammillaria interterta DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828. Mammillaria tenuis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828. ?Mammillaria densa Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 69. 1830. Mammillaria stella-aurata Mart.; Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 101. 1837. ?Mammillaria anguinea Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850. 1000 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. *Mammillaria subechinata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 101. 1850. Mammillaria rufocrocea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 102. 1850. Eastern Mexico. Densely cespitose, forming small clumps, erect, ascending, or prostrate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter, almost covered by a mass of inter- locking spines; tubercles arranged in few rows, usually in spirals, short, their axils naked; spines usually all radial but sometimes with 1 porrect central spine, yellow or with brown tips, more or less recurved, 8 to 12 mm. long; spine areoles pubescent when young; flowers at the upper part of the plant but from the axils of old tubercles, white or nearly so, rather short and broad, 6 to 7 mm. long; perianth segments about 12, rather broad, obtuse or some- times apiculate. 88. Neomammillaria echinaria (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 136. 1923. Mammillaria echinaria DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110, 1828, Mammillaria echinata DC. Mém. Cact. 3. 1834. Mammillaria gracilis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838. Hidalgo. ; Plants cespitose, often forming large clumps, ascending or spreading, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, their axils naked; spines pale yel- low to glossy white; radial spines about 15, spreading; central spines one, straight, acicular, about 1 cm. long; flowers and fruit not known. 89. Neomammillaria pottsii (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 136. 1923. Mammillaria pottsii Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 104. 1850. Mammillaria leona Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853. Nuevo Leén, Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Zacatecas. Texas. More or less cespitose, the individual plants cylindric, 12 em. long or more; tubercles almost hidden by the spines; radial spines about 30, white, weak, short; central spines 6 to 12, much stouter and longer, more or less ascending, grayish with brown tips; axils of tubercles woolly; flowers borne in a circle about 2 cm. below the top of the plant, about 1 em. long; inner perianth seg- ments light purple, somewhat spreading at tip, acute; fruit red, clavate; seeds blackish brown, the surface deeply pitted. 90. Neomammillaria mazatlanensis (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 188. 1923. Mammillaria mazatlanensis Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 154. 1901. Mammillaria littoralis K. Brandeg. Kew Bull. Mise. Inf. 1908: App. 91. 1908. On hills near the sea, about Mazatlfin, Sinaloa. Plants cespitose, often forming broad clumps with many oblong heads, 4 to 10 cm. long, about 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles terete, 3 to 4 mm. long, their axils naked; radial spines 12 to 15, setaceous, spreading, white; central spines 4 to 6, stouter than the radials, reddish, ascending, 8 to 10 mm. long; flowers from the axils of the old tubercles but toward the top of the plant, 3 cm. long or more, red; perianth segments oblong, spreading. 91. Neomammillaria sphacelata (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 138. 1923. Mammillaria sphacelata Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 339. 1832. Puebla and Oaxaca. Usually densely cespitose, often grayish, forming clumps 30 to 40 em. in diameter, the individual plants cylindric, more or less elongate, often 10 to 20 cm. high; radial spines 14 to 20, usually white with black tips; central spines 3 or 4, usually black or reddish throughout, sometimes becoming white in age; axils of tubercles often bearing tufts of short hairs and occasionally STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1001 a few bristles; flowers about 15 mm. long, purplish; fruit red, clavate: seeds black, the surface deeply pitted. 92. Neomammillaria albicans Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 138, 1923. Islands of the Gulf of California; type from Santa Cruz Island. Plants at first globose but becoming cylindric and then 10 to 20 cm. long, up to 6 cm. in diameter, often in clumps of 5 to 15 plants; spines almost hid- ing the plant body and often pure white; radial spines numerous, short, stiff, widely spreading; central spines several, straight, stiff, often brownish or blackish at tip; spine areoles when young densely white-woolly; fruit clavate, red, 10 to 18 mm. long; seeds black. 93. Neomammillaria slevinii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 139, 1923. Islands of Baja California, the type from San Josef Island. Plants simple, cylindric, 10 cm. high or more, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, en- tirely hidden under the mass of closely set spines; spines at the top of plant pinkish below, with brown to blackish tips, those on the lower part of plant bleaching white; radial spines numerous, acicular, widely spreading; central spines about 6, a little longer and stouter than the radials, slightly spreading ; flowers about 2 cm. broad; outer perianth segments with a pinkish midrib, the inner white; fruit red, about 1 cm. long; seeds black. 94, Neomammillaria palmeri (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923. Mammillaria palmeri Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 108. 1894. San Benito Island and possibly Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Densely cespitose; individuals small; axils densely woolly and bristly ; radial spines 25 to 30, slender, white, 5 mm. long, radiating; central spines 3 to 5, stouter and longer than the radials, brownish with black tips, straight, 7 to 8 mm. long; flowers cream-colored, sometimes tinged with pink; fruit clavate, scarlet; seeds black. 95. Neomammillaria uncinata (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923. Mammillaria uncinata Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837. Mammillaria bihamata Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Mammillaria depressa Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494. 1838. Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi, and elsewhere in central Mexico. Globose or somewhat depressed, usually half-buried in the soil, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles lactiferous, short, obtuse; axils of old tubercles naked, of young ones lanate, forming a mass of wool at the top; young spine areoles also lanate; radial spines 4 to 6, usually white, subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long; central spines usually solitary, sometimes 2 or 38, much stouter than the radials, 8 to 12 mm. long, brown, hooked at apex; flowers reddist. white, about 2 cm. long; inner perianth segments linear-oblong; fruit clavate, 10 to 18 mm. long, red; seeds small, brown. 96. Neomammillaria hamata (Lehm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923. Cactus cylindricus Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 128. 1800. Not C. cylindricus Lam. 1783. Mammillaria hamata Lehm.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837. Mexico, the range not known. Stem CO cm. long, cylindric, somewhat branched at base, said to be milky; tubercles conic or a little compressed; radial spines 15 to 20, white, spread- ing; central spines several, brownish, stouter than the radials, one of them hooked; flowers small, probably scarlet, from near the top of the plant but from the axils of old tubercles; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute; fruit slender, clavate, probably red; seeds minute, brown. 1002 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 97. Neomammillaria rekoi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 141. 1923. Oaxaca. Globular to short-cylindric, becoming 10 cm. long, 5 to 6 em. in diameter, not milky; tubercles green, terete, 8 to 10 mm. long, not very closely set, each bearing in its axil a tuft of short white wool and 5 to 8 long white bristles; radial spines spreading, about 20, white, delicately acicular, 4 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4, brown, much stouter than the radials, 10 to 15 mm. long, the lower one usually strongly hooked; flowers from axils of old tubercles, near the top of the plant, 1.5 cm. long, deep purple; inner perianth segments narrowly oblong, apiculate; fruit clavate, red, 12 mm. long; seeds minute, brown. 98. Neomammillaria solisii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 142. 1923. Guerrero, the type from Cerro de Buenavista de Cuellar. Simple, globose or nearly so, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, green or becoming pur- plish; tubercles 8 mm. long, terete, a little narrow toward the tip and thus separated above from the adjoining tubercles, their axils without wool even when young and usually with 1 to many bristles; radial spines 10 to 20, spread- ing, 6 to 7 mm. long, white, bristle-like; central spines 3 or 4, a little stouter than the radials, becoming brown, one of them strongly hooked (sometimes 2 em. long) ; flowers from axils near base of the plant; ovary remaining dormant for a long time (at least a month), then elongating and the fruit maturing quickly, this short-oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, green; seeds 1 mm. long, brown, pitted. 99. Necmammillaria pygmaea Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 142, 1923. Querétaro; type from Cadereyta. Plant very small, globose to cylindric, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter; tubercles small, obtuse; radial spines about 15, white, stiff, hardly puberulent even under a lens; central spines 4, ascending, golden yellow, the lower one hooked, 5 to 6 cm. long; flowers about 1 cm. long, the outer segments tinged with red, apic- ulate; inner perianth segments about 10, cream-colored. 100. Neomammillaria wildii (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 143, 1923. Mammillaria wildii Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 187. 1836. Hidalgo. Cylindric to globose, cespitose at base; axils of tubercles bearing rose-colored hairs and bristles; tubercles slender, elongate, 8 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, green or somewhat rose-colored at base; young areoles tomentose; spines all puberu- lent ; radial spines 8 to 10, 8 mm. long, setiform, white; central spines 4, yel- low, one of them hooked; flowers white, 12 mm. in diameter; inner perianth segments acuminate; fruit clavate, red. 101, Neomammillaria seideliana (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 144. 1923. Mammillaria seideliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 154. 1911. Zacatecas. Solitary, globose, becoming cespitose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles purplish, their axils naked; radial spines 20 to 25, white, long and slender, ascending, puberulent; central spines yellow, 3 or 4, one hooked, puberulent when young; flowers arising from near the top of the plant, 15 to 18 mm. long, creamy yellow, the outer perianth segments brownish, the inner oblong, acute; fruit persisting in the axils of the tubercles apparently for a number of years; seeds black. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 10038 102. Neomammillaria barbata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 144, 1923. Mammillaria barbata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848. Chihuahua, the type from Cosihuirachi. Often densely cespitose, globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; radial spines 20 or more, acicular, spreading or ascending, white, sometimes with brown tips; central spines several, subulate, brown, puberulent, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers 15 mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate to lanceolate, ciliate, the inner erect or spreading at tip, light straw-colored or greenish, brown without, acute. 103. Neomammillaria mercadensis (Patoni) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 145. 1923. Mammillaria mercadensis Patoni, Alianza Cient. Univ. 1: 54. 1910. Mammillaria ocamponis Ochoterena, Méx. Estud. Biol. Bol. 2: 355. 1918. Durango, the type from Cerro de Mercado. Solitary or cespitose, small, globose; radial spines numerous, sometimes 25, widely spreading, white; central spines 4 or 5, elongate, much longer than the flowers, one of them strongly hooked at apex; flowers small, pale rose-colored ; perianth segments oblong, obtuse. 104, Neomammillaria kunzeana (Bidek. & Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 145. 1923. Mammillaria kunzeana Bédek. & Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 177. 1912. Mexico, the range not known. Cespitose, globose or sometimes becoming cylindric, light green; tubercles cylindric, setose in their axils; radial spines about 25, white, setaceous; central spines 3 or 4, brown, puberulent, one of them hooked; flowers white or yellowish white, rose-colored on the outside, 2 em. long; inner perianth seg- ments acuminate. 105. Neomammillaria hirsuta (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 146. 1923. Mammillaria hirsuta Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 180, 1919. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary, becoming cespitose, somewhat globose, 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles 10 mm. long, in 8 or 13 spiraled rows, cylindric, their axils setose; spine areoles naked; radial spines about 20, white, 10 to 15 mm. long; central spines 8 or 4, the lower one hooked; flowers 10 mm. long. 106. Neomammillaria multihamata (Bideker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 146, 1923. Mammillaria multihamata Boédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 25: 76. 1915. Mexico, the range not known. Short-cylindric, about 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles cylindric, setose in their axils; spine areoles white-lanate; radial spines 25, acicular, white, 8 mm. long; central spines 7 to 9, several of them hooked; flowers numerous from near the top of the plant, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments narrow, acute, spreading; seeds blackish brown. 107. Neomammillaria longicoma Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 146. 1923. San Luis Potosf. Cespitose, often forming broad clumps; individual specimens 3 to 5 em. in diameter; tubercles conic, 4 to 5 mm. long, dark green, obtuse, bearing long white hairs in their axils; radial spines 25 or more, weak and hairlike, more or less interlocking; central spines 4, 10 to 12 mm. long, brown above, a little 1004 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. paler below, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers from the axils of the upper tubercles; outer perianth segments pinkish, darker along the center, the inner lanceolate, acute, nearly white, sometimes tinged with rose (?). 108. Neomammillaria bocasana (Poselg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 147, 1923. Mammillaria bocasana Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853. Northern central Mexico; type from Sierra de Bocas, San Luis Potosf. Cespitose, often forming large mounds; individual plants globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, light green; tubercles slender, 6 to 8 mm. long, terete, their axils sometimes hairy or bristly; radial spines represented by numerous long white silky hairs; central spines solitary, 5 to 8 mm. long, brown but paler at base, hooked, much shorter than the radial spines; flowers described as white; perianth segments lance-linear, acute, spreading; fruit “ green, 4 mm. long; seeds cinnamon brown.” 109. Neomammillaria multiformis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 148, 1923. San Luis Potosf, the type from Alvarez. . Cespitose, forming dense clumps, sometimes 25 or more from a single root, either globose or much elongate and 3 to 6 times as long as thick; tubercles terete, 6 to 8 mm. long, their axils bearing long. white bristles and white wool; radial spines 30 or more, acicular, 8 mm. long, yellow or at least becoming so, ascending; central spines 4, a little longer and stouter than the radials, nearly erect, reddish in the upper part, one of them strongly hooked; flowers deep purplish red, 8 to 10 mm. long, usually broader than long; inner perianth segments oblong, acute; fruit never globose, at least when dry; seeds black. 110. Neomammillaria scheidweileriana (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 148. 1923. Mammillaria scheidweileriana Otto; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 179. 1841. Mammillaria monancistria Berg; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 533..1898. Mexico, the range not known. Cespitose, globose to cylindric, light green; tubercles setose in their axils, in 8 and 13 spirals, cylindric; spines all puberulent; radial spines 9 to 11, seta- ceous, white, 1 cm. long; central spines 1 to 4, brown, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers rose-colored, 12 to 18 mm. long. 111. Neomammillaria saffordii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149. 1923. Type from Icamole, Nuevo Leén. Plants small, globose to short-cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. high, dull green, nearly hidden under the dense covering of spines; axils naked; spine areoles when quite young slightly woolly but early glabrate, circular; spines all puberulent under a lens when young; radial spines 12 to 14, somewhat ascending but in age more or less curved outward, when just developing with bright red tips and white bases, later the lower part becoming yellowish; central spines single, stout, reddish, 1.5 ecm. long, hooked at apex; flowers 2.5 cm. long, rose-colored ; outer perianth segments tipped by long bristles, the inner obtuse. 112. Neomammillaria schelhasei (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149. 19238. Mammillaria schelhasei Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838. Hidalgo, the type from Mineral del Monte. Yespitose, forming a large hemispheric mound; individual plants globose to short-cylindric, olive-green; tubercles cylindric, their axils a little woolly but not setose; radial spines 14 to 16, setaceous, white; central spines 3, brown, one of them hooked at apex; flowers 2.2 to 2.5 cm. long, salmon or rose-colored ; fruit 5 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1005 113. Neomammillaria glochidiata (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149. 1923. Mammitlaria glochidiata Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 387. 1832. ?Mammillaria ancistroides Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832. Southern Mexico. Densely cespitose, forming clusters sometimes 15 cm. high; tubercles cylin- dric, green, shining, 8 to 15 mm. long, well separated from one another to- ward the tip, obtuse, terete; radial spines 12 to 15, widely spreading, puberu- lent, white, setiform, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 4, brownish, one of them hooked; flowers white; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate ; fruit clavate, scarlet, 16 mm. long; seeds black. 114. Neomammillaria trichacantha (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 151. 1928. . Mammillaria trichacantha Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 133. 1903. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary, globose to short-cylindric, small ; tubercles clavate, 4 to 5 em. high, slightly glaucous; radial spines 15 to 18, pubescent, acicular, white, 8 mm. long; central spines 2, brownish, 12 mm. long, one of them hooked; flowers red or yellow, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments lanceolate, widely spreading, acuminate. 115. Neomammillaria painteri (Rose) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 151. 1928. Mammillaria painteri Rose; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 22. 1917. Mammillaria erythrosperma Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 101. 1918. Central Mexico, the type from San Juan del Rio, Querétaro. Plant globose, 2 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the spines; tubercles without bristles in their axils; radial spines about 20, stiff, white, puberulent under a hand lens; central spines 4 or 5, ascending, dark brown, one hooked, puberulent ; flowers 15 mm. long. greenish white, the outer segments brownish ; inner perianth segments broad, with an ovate acute tip. 116. Neomammillaria mainae (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 154. 1923. Mammillaria mainae K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 31. 1900. Northern Sonora; type collected south of Nogales. Globose or somewhat depressed, 5 to 8 cm. broad; tubercles pale green, naked in their axils; spines all puberulent, at least when young; radial spines about 10, widely spreading, yellowish or white except the brownish tips; cen- tral spines usually stout, yellowish except the strongly hooked tip; flowers from the upper part of the plant but in the old axils, about 2 cm. long, the outer segments with a brownish stripe, the inner ones with a reddish central stripe, with broad, nearly white margins, acute; fruit red, globose to obovate, not projecting beyond the tubercles; seeds dull black, 1 mm. long, punctate. 117. Neomammillaria boedekeriana (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 154. 1923. Mammillaria boedekeriana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 108. 1910. Mexico, the range not known. Globose to ovoid, but in collections becoming cylindric, dull green; tubercles cylindric; radial spines about 20, white; central spines 3, brownish black, one hooked; axils naked; flowers white, with brownish stripes. 79688—24——11 1006 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 118, Neomammillaria microcarpa (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 155. 1923. Mammillaria microcarpa Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848. Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856. Chihuahua and Sonora. ‘Texas. Globose to cylindric, simple or branched either at base or near the middle, often cespitose, sometimes 8 cm. high; tubercles small, ecorky when old; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 15 to 80, spreading, white, sometimes with dark tips, slender, rigid, glabrous, 6 to 12 mm. long; central spines 1 to 8, dark, when more than one the lower stouter, often 18 mm. long, hooked; flowers from near the top of the plant, 2 to 2.5 em. long, broadly funnel- shaped ; outer perianth segments ovate, obtuse, short-ciliate, the inner purplish, sometimes with whitish margins, obovate, acuminate; fruit clavate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, scarlet ; seeds black, shining,” pitted. Cactus eschanzieri Coulter (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894), described from San Luis Potosi, is probably closely related to this species. 119. Neomammillaria sheldonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 156. 1923. Sonora, the type from Hexmosillo. Stems slender-cylindric, about 8 cm. high; axils of tubercles without setae; radial spines 12 to 15, pale with dark tips, the 83 or 4 upper ones darker, a little stouter and 1 or 2 of them subcentral, the true central erect or porrect with an upturned hook at the end; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner about 10, broad, acute, light purple with very pale margins. 120. Neomammillaria armillata (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 157. 1928. Mammillaria armillata K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 7. 1900. Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. In clusters of 3 to 12, cylindric, sometimes 30 cm. high; tubercles bluish green, Somewhat angled; axils setose and slightly woolly ; radial spines 9 to 15, 7 to 12 mm. long, yellowish; central spines 1 to 4 but usually 2, brownish, the lowest one hooked and a little longer than the others; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long, greenish to flesh-colored; fruit red, clavate, 15 to 30 mm. long; seeds black, punctate. 121. Neomammillaria fraileana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 157. 1923. Islands of Baja California; type from Pichilinque Island. Stems elongate, cylindric, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; axils cf tubercles naked or containing at most a single bristle; central spines dark brown, one of them strongly hooked; flowers rather large, pinkish; inner perianth segments acumi- nate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, often lacerate toward the tip. 122. Neomammillaria swinglei Britt. & Rose, Cactacene 4: 158, 1923, Sonora; type from Guaymas. Stems cylindric, 10°to 20 em. long, 3 to 5 em. in diameter; axils of tubercles more or less setose; radial spines rather stout for this group, spreading, dull white with dark tips; central spines 4, ascending, dark brown or black, the lowest one elongate (1 to 1.5 cm.), hooked at apex or sometimes straight; outer perianth segments greenish or sometimes pinkish, the margins somewhat scarious; inner perianth segments narrowly oblong, nearly white, with a brown stripe down the center; fruit red, clavate, 18 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. in diam- eter, black. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1007 123. Neomammillaria dioica (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158. 1923. Mammiltlaria dioica K,. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 115. 1897. Mammillaria fordii Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 13: 49. 1902. Nortliwestern Baja California. Southern California. Either solitary or clustered, cylindric, 5 to 25 em. high or even higher; axils of tubercles woolly and short-setose; radial spines 11 to 22, white, the tips often brownish to black or rose-colored throughout, 5 to 7 mm. long, spreading; central spines 3 or 4, brownish, the lower one a little longer than the others and hooked; fiowers borne toward the top of the plant, yellowish white with purplish midrib, 10 to 22 mm. long, incompletely dioecious; outer perianth segments reddish, especially along the midrib; the inner oblong, pale cream-colored, notched or toothed near the apex; fruit scarlet, clavate, 10 to 25 mm. long; seeds black. 124, Neomammillaria goodridgei (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158. 1923. Mammillaria goodridgei Scheer ; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 91. 1850. Cedros Island and the adjacent mainland of Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Stems clustered, erect, globose to cylindric, up to 10 em. long, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles not setose; radial spines'12 to 15, spreading, white, sometimes with dark tips; central spine usually 1, white below, brown above, the lower one hooked; flowers perfect, rose-colored, 15 mm. long; seg- ments oblong, obtuse or retuse; fruit clavate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, scarlet, naked ; seeds black, punctate. ‘“ Llavina.” 125, Neomammillaria zephyranthoides (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 159. 1923. Mammillaria zephyranthoides Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 41. 1841. Mammillaria fennelii Hopffer, Allg. Gartenz. 11: 3. 1843. Oaxaca. Depressed-globose to short-cylindrie, up to 35 mm. high, 25 mm. in diameter ; tubercles 6 mm. long; radial spines 14 to 18, 8 to 10 mm. long, very slender, white; central spine 1 (sometimes 2), larger than the radials and hooked, at first purple but in age yellowish at base; flowers large, with rotate limb and exserted stamens and style; perianth segments white with red stripes. 126. Neomammillaria carretii (Rebut) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 160. 1923. Mammillaria carretii Rebut; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 542. 1898. Mexico, the range not known. Solitary, dull green, globose, depressed, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles cyMndric; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 14, subulate, spreading, re- curved, nearly clothing the plant, long, yellowish; central spine 1, slender, chestnut-brown, hooked; flowers 2.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments white, streaked with rose. 127. Neomammillaria jaliscana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 160. 1923. Type from Rio Blaneo near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Cespitose, globose, 5 cm. in diameter, bright green; tubercles in 13 rows, 4 or 5 mm. high; radial spines 30 or more, at right angles to the tubercles; central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown, darker toward the tips, one of them strongly hooked; axils naked; flowers purplish, 1 cm. broad. 1008 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 128. Neomammillaria bombycina (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 161. 1923. Mammillaria bombycina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk, 20: 149. 1910. Mexico, the range not known. Cylindric, 15 to 20 em. long, 5 to 6 em. in diameter; tubercles spiraled, obtuse; young areoles consp:cuously white-woolly; radial spines numerous, acicular, widely spreading, 1 cm. long or less; central spines 4, elongate, a little spreading, those toward the top of plant erect, 2 em. long, brown except at base, the lower one hooked; flowers from near the top, light purple, about 1 cm. long; perianth segments narrowly oblong. 129. Neomammillaria occidentalis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 161. 1923. Type from Manzanillo, Colima. Cespitose, the branches slender, cylindric, 10 em. h'gh, densely spiny; radial spines about 12, yellowish, spreading ; central spines 4 or 5, reddish or brown, one of them longer and hooked; flowers 1 cm. long, pink; fruit said to be red. 130. Neomammillaria nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 163. 1923. Type from cliffs at La Solada, Michoacan. Globose, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles numerous, terete, apparently not milky, 5 to 7 mm. long, their axils naked; radial spines about 15, acicular, white, 6 to 8 mm. long, spreading: central spines several, all like the radials but one of them elongate, stouter, and longer than the others, brown to black, strongly hooked, 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit very slender, clavate, 3 cm. long or more, red, few-seeded ; seeds globose, black, rugose, 2 mm. in diameter. 131, Neomammillaria longiflora Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 163, 1923, Durango; type from Santiago Papasquiaro. Solitary or clustered, 3 cm. in diameter, apparently not at all milky; tu- bercles terete, not grooved on upper side, 5 to 7 mm. long, rather closely set and nearly hidden by the spines; radial spines about 30, acicular, 10 to 13 mm. long, yellow or straw-colored, somewhat spreading; central spines 4, red- dish brown, much stouter than the radials, 3 of them straight, about the length of the radials, 1 of them hooked at apex, twice as long as the others; flowers several, even on small plants, borne near the top, 2 cm. long or more, with a distinct narrow tube; perianth segments pinkish, oblong, acute; ovary very small, ovoid, more or less sunken in the axils, thin above and perhaps dehiscing by an operculum, the lower part with the seeds persisting for years; seeds nearly globose, minutely pitted, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, black. 132. Neomammillaria tacubayensis (Fedde) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164. 1923. Mammillaria tacubayensis Fedde, Nov. Gen. Sp. Ind. 1905. 448. 1905. Type from Tacubaya, Distrito Federal. Globose, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; radial spines 35 to 40, white, 3 to 5 mm. long; central spine 1, black, 5 to 6 mm. long, hooked; flowers 1.5 em. long. 133. Neomammillaria umbrina (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164. 1923. Mammillaria umbrina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 287. 1849. Hidalgo. Simple or becoming cespitose, cylindric, 10 to 12.5 em. high, dull green ; tubercles conic; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 22 to 25, spreading, white, 4 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4, 3 being 8 to 10 mm. long, one being 20 to 24 mm. long, hooked; flowers 2 em. long; inner perianth segments about 15, narrowly lanceolate, acute, purple. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1009 134. Neomammillaria verhaertiana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164. 1923. Mammillaria verhaertiana Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 152. 1912. Mexico. Solitary, short-cylindric; tubercles subconic, their axils setose; radial spines 20 or more, yellowish, setaceous, 1 cm. long, glabrous; central spines 4 to 8, stouter than the radials, brown at tip, one of them hooked at apex; flowers white, 2 cm. long, appearing in a circle below the top of the plant; outer peri- anth segments broadly lanceolate, yellowish white. Besides the species formally listed here, there remain numerous others pub- lished under the generic name Mammillaria, but they have been so poorly de- seribed that their identity is likely to remain unsolved. 51. EPIPHYLLUM Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812. Plants mostly epiphytic, the main stem often terete and woody ; branches usually much flattened, often thin and leaflike, sometimes 3-winged; areoles small, borne along the margins of the flattened branches; spines usually want- ing in mature plants but often represented in seedlings and juvenile forms by slender bristles; flowers usually large, in some species nocturnal, in others diurnal, either odorless or very fragrant; flower tube longer than the limb, in some species greatly elongate; filaments usually long, borne at the top of the tube or scattered over the surface of the throat; style elongate, white or col- ored; stigma lobes several, linear; fruit globular or short-oblong to narrowly oblong, often with low ridges, sometimes tubercled, red or purple, edible or insipid, when mature splitting down one side and exposing the white or crimson pulpy interior; seeds black, shining. Several species besides those listed here occur in tropical America. Ultimate joints acuminate. Flowers 25 to.80 em. long..__------------.-------------- 1. E. oxypetalum. Flowers 10 to 15 em. long _-------------------~----------- 2. E. caudatum. Ultimate joints acute, obtuse, or rounded. Joints deeply lobed. Lobes of joints spreading; outer perianth segments lemon-yellow. 8. E. darrahii. Lobes of joints pointing forward; outer perianth segments reddish yellow. | 4, BE. anguliger. Joints crenate or nearly entire. Joints very stiff_______._-_------------------------------- 5. E. strictum. Joints flexible__.._._._-__----------------------+--- 6. E. stenopetalum. 1. Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829. Cereus oxypetalus DC. Prodr. 3: 470. 1828. Cereus latifrons Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 125. 1837. Phyllocactus orypetalus Link; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1843. Phyllocactus latifrons Link; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1848. Phyllocactus purpusit Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 34. 1907. Mexico, often cultivated. Central America to Brazil. Plants stout, 3 meters long or more, much branched; branches flat and thin, 10 to 12 cm. broad, long-acuminate, deeply crenate; flowers opening in the evening, drooping and limp after anthesis, fragrant; tube of flower 13 to 15 em. long, rather stout, red, about 1 cm. thick, bearing distant nar- 1010 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. row scales about 10 mm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, reddish to amber, 8 to 10 cm. long, the inner oblong, white; stamens numerous, white; ’ style white, thick, 20 em. long; stigma lobes numerous, cream-colored, entire. “Reina de la noche,” “ junco oloroso;” “ flor de baile” (Venezuela) ; “ galan de noche” (El Salvador). 2. Epiphyllum caudatum (Vaupel) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913. Phyllocactus caudatus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 116. 1913. Oaxaca, the type from Comaltepec. Old stems terete and slender; lateral branches elongate-lanceolate, cuneately narrowed at base into a terete stalk, long-acuminte, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, the margins low-crenate; flowers white, the tube slender, about 7 em. long; inner perianth segments about 6 cm. long; ovary and most of the flower tube quite naked. 3. Epiphyllum darrahii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 256. 1913. . Phyllocactus darrahii Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 69. 1908. Much cultivated in Mexico; probably also wild. Stems much branched, often terete and woody below; joints rather thick, 20 to 80 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, deeply lobed, sometimes nearly to the mid- rib, the lobes usually obtuse; tube of flower 9 cm. long, somewhat curved, greenish; scales on tube and ovary small, linear, green, appressed; outer perianth segments 10, linear, spreading or reflexed, acute, 4 cm. long, lemon- yellow; inner perianth segments pure white, nearly as long as the outer, broader and more erect, short-acuminate; filaments white, nearly as long as the perianth segments; style overtopping the stamens, pure white; stigma lobes 8, linear. 4. Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) Don: Loud. Eneyel. Pl. ed. 8. 1880. 1855. Phyllocactus anguliger Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92. 1851. Phyllocactus serratus Brongn.; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 417. 1853. Central and southern Mexico, the type from Matanejo. Much branched; stems and lower branches terete; upper branches flattened, with deeply toothed margins, rather fleshy; areoles small, usually felted and sometimes bearing 1 or 2 white bristles; flower tube stout, without scales, about 8 cm. long; outer perianth segments brownish yellow, the inner white, oblong, acuminate, about 5 em. long; style slender, white. “ Pitayita del cerro,” “jarana de pitahayita,” “ nopalillo,” “nopalillo blanco.” 5. Epiphyllum strictum (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 259, 1913. Phyllocactus strictus Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 1: Mise. 107. 1854. Southern Mexico. Central America. Plant up to 2 meters long; joints linear, green, 5 to 8 em. broad, coarsely Serrate, stiff; tube of flower 13 to 15 cm. long, slender, green, bearing a few distant scales 8 to 12 mm. long; outer perianth segments greenish pink, the inner white, narrow, acuminate, 6 to 8 cm. long; filaments white; style pink or red; stigma lobes yellow; fruit globose, 4 to 5 em. in diameter ; seeds black. 6. Epiphyllum stenopetalum (First.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 259. 1913. Phyllocactus stenopetalus First. Handb. Cact. 441. 1846. Oaxaca. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1011 Described as with the habit of Epiphyllum latifrons but with different flowers. these delicately fragrant; flower tube 12 to 15 em. long, bearing small spreading rose-colored scales; outer perianth segments rose-colored to reddish green, the inner white, elongate, linear (7 to 8 em. long, 4 to 7 mm. broad), spreading or recurved; stamens somewhat exserted; style slender, pink or purplish; stigma lobes 12 to 14, yellow. HYBRID SPECIES. EPIPHYLLUM ACKERMANNU Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829. Phyllocactus ackermannii Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331. 1830. Mexico. Branches weak, flat and thin, with crenate margins; areoles felted, often bristly or with weak spines, especially on the young growth; flowers day-bloom- ing, very large, sometimes 15 to 20 em. broad, crimson; inner perianth seg- ments oblong, acute; filaments long, weak, declined; style more or less de- clined, pinkish; stigma lobes white; ovary more or less bristly. This species is commonly grown in hothouses. It is believed to be of hybrid origin. 52. CHIAPASIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1923. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Chiapasia nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1923. Epiphyllum nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913. Phyllocactus nelsonii Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913. Phyllocactus chiapensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 118. 1918. Chiapas, the type from Chicharras. Branches 60 to 120 cm. long, slender and terete below, flat and thin above, to 4 em. broad, the margin low, crenate; flowers light rose-red, the tube to 3 cm. long, the segments about 6 cm. long, narrow, acute. to 53. NOPALXOCHIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 204. 1923. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 205. 1923. Cactus phyllanthoides DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813. Cactus speciosus Bonpl. Deser. Pl. Rar. 8. 1813. Not C. speciosus Cav. 1803. Cactus elegans Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 25. 1822. Epiphylltum phyllanthoides Sweet, Hort. Brit. 172. 1826. Phyllocactus phyllanthoides Link, Handb. Gewiichs. 2: 11. 1831. Supposed to be a native of Mexico or Colombia, but known only from cultivated plants; commonly cultivated in Mexico. Stems somewhat woody, branching, the branches terete at base, flattened and thin above, sometimes 5 cm. broad, green ; margin of branches coarsely crenate ; flowers diurnal, rose or red, the tube 2 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, more or less spreading ; filaments and style elongate, slender; stigma lobes 5 to 7. “ Nopalillo,” “ Marta.” 54. RHIPSALIS Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 187. 1788. Plants sometimes growing in humus but asually epiphytic and hanging from trees, sometimes erect, sometimes clambering over rocks, more or less rooting or, when hanging, irregularly producing aerial roots; stems usually much branched (often heteromorphic), terete, angled, or much flattened and leaflike, very slender and threadlike or stout and stiff; leaves wanting or represented 1012 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, by minute bracts; areoles borne along the margin of the flat-braneched forms, along the ribs or scattered irregularly in the other forms, usually small, bearing hairs, wool, bristles and flowers; flowers usually solitary, small; perianth segments distinct, few, sometimes only 5, usually spreading, sometimes reflexed ; filaments few or numerous, erect, slender, borne on the outer margin of the disk in one or two rows; stigma lobes 3 or more, usually slender, spreading; ovary small, sometimes depressed or sunken in the branch; fruit globular or oblong, sometimes angled when immature, but finally turgid, juicy, white or colored, usually naked. Numerous other species occur in tropical America, mostly in South America. Stems terete. __1, R. cassutha. Stems flattened__--_--------- 2. R. purpusii. 1. Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 137. 1788. Eastern Mexico. West Indies and South America. Epiphytic or saxicolous, usually growing on trunk or branches of large trees, hanging in large clusters, 1 to 4 meters long, the branches weak and pendent, when young bearing 5 to 9 white bristles at the areoles, when old naked, terete, sometimes producing aerial roots, often only 3 mm. in diameter, light green, usually growing from the tips of other branches, generally in pairs but sometimes in clusters of 6 or 8; flowers lateral, solitary, small. greenish in bud, sometimes subtended by a single bristle; petals 2 mm. long, cream-colored ; ovary exserted: fruit naked, white, maturing a few days after flowering, globose, 5 mm. in diameter. 2. Rhipsalis purpusii Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 78. 1918. Chiapas; type from Cerro de Boqueron. Plant epiphytic; stems 8 mm. in diameter, woody, terete, brown; branches weak, elongate, terete below, flattened above, thin, remotely crenate; flowers small, white, solitary. 117. THYMELAEACEAE. Mezereum Family. 1. DAPHNOPSIS Mart. & Zuce. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 65. 1824. REFERENCE: Meisner in DC. Prodr. 15: 520-524, 1856. Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, coriaceous, estipulate; flowers by abortion dioecious, umbellate or subracemose, axillary or terminal; peri- anth of staminate flower with a slender tube and 4 spreading lobes; stamens 8, 4 inserted on the perianth lobes and 4 in the throat, the anthers sessile ; perianth of pistillate flower smaller, turbinate or urceolate: style short, the stigma capitate; fruit subglobose, 1-seeded, drupaceous, with thin pericarp. Leaves variously pubescent beneath. Leaves densely tomentose beneath with matted hairs... 1. D. purpusii. Leaves covered beneath with straight stiff hairs... 2. D. mollis. Leaves glabrous beneath, except sometimes when very young. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, broadest at or below the middle____3. D. lindenii. Leaves obovate to linear-oblanceolate, broadest above the middle. Peduncles elongate, much longer than the flowers______ 4, D. bonplandii. Peduncles short, usually shorter than the combined flower and pedicel. Leaves linear-oblanceolate, 5 to 10 em. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide. 5. D. salicifolia, Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 10 to 20 mm. wide. 6. D. cestrifolia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1013 1. Daphnopsis purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 89. 1910. Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, Puebla. Shrub; leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, 2 to 4 em. long, 10 to 13 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute, coriaceous ; peduncles 3 to 8 mm. long; perianth tube 8 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes 2 mm. long; fruit 6 mm. long. 2. Daphnopsis mollis (Meisn.) Standl. Daphnopsis bonplandiit mollis Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 521. 1856. San Luis Potos{ and Veracruz; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaves oval or elliptic, 5 to 9 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, acute or obtuse at base and apex, glabrous on the upper surface; peduncles longer than the flowers; perianth tube 6 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long; fruit globose, glabrous, nearly 1 cm. in diameter. 3, Daphnopsis lindenii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 522. 1856. Type from Mirador, Veracruz, at 300 meters. Guatemala. Leaves short-petiolate, obtuse or acute, reticulate-veined; peduncles slender, 12 to 16 mm. long, 6 to 10-flowered, the pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long; pistillate calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, tubular; ovary glabrous. 4, Daphnopsis bonplandiana (Kunth) Standl. Daphne bonplandiana Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 447. 1822. Hargasseria mexicana C, A. Meyer, Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. Phys. Math. 1: 358. 1843. Hargasseria schiedeana Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 4’: 66. 1847. Daphnopsis bonplandii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 521. 1856. Veracruz. Tree; leaves oblong-obovate or oblanceolate, 7 to 13 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide, obtuse or acute, coriaceous, attenuate at base; peduncles 1.5 to 3 em. long, 8 to 16-flowered, the pedicels very short; staminate perianth 6 mm. long, densely sericeous. 5. Dapnopsis salicifolia (H. B. K.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 522. 1856. Daphne salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 150. 1817. Daphne mazicana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 236. 1825. Morelos, the type from Cuernavaca ; reported from Veracruz. Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, ill-scented; leaves obtuse or acute, attenuate at base, nearly sessile, coriaceous, yellowish green when dry; umbels 8 to 20-flowered, the pedicels very short; staminate perianth 4 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 12 mm. long. ‘Hoja de San Pedro.” teported by Sessé and Mocifio! as Daphne laureola, They state that the bark and leaves are acrid, drastic, and corrosive. It is reported that the leaves are employed for blistering, like a mustard plaster. 6. Daphnopsis cestrifolia (H. B. K.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr, 14: 523. 1856. Daphne cestrifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 150, 1817. Veracruz and Puebla. Type from Colombia. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves usuaily thin, obtuse or acute, attenuate at base, short-petiolate ; peduncles 6 to 10-flowered, the pedicels very short; perianth 5 mm. long, sericeous; fruit ovoid-globose, red. This, like D. bonplandiana, is closely related to D. salicifolia. With the scant material available, it is impossible to determine how many of the species listed here are really valid. 1Pl. Nov. Hisp. 59. 1887. 79688—24 12 1014 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 118. LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family, REFERENCE: Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 216. 1903. Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves opposite, whorled, or alternate, entire; sti- pules minute or none; flowers perfect, 4 to 16-parted, the pedicels usually bi- bracteolate; calyx tubular to campanulate, the lobes valvate, petals inserted in the throat of the calyx between the lobes; stamens inserted on the calyx tube; style simple or none, the stigma capitate; fruit capsular, dry. Leaves black-dotted_----_-.----e 1. ADENARIA. Leaves never black-dotted. Calyx tubular, slighty curved or else spurred or gibbous at base. 2. PARSONSIA. Calyx not tubular or, if so, neither curved nor gibbous at base. Flowers 12 to 16-parted; calyx 3 em. long._--_--______ 3. LAFOENSIA. Flowers 4 to 7-parted; calyx much less than 3 em. long. Calyx tubular___-_-------- 4, LYTHRUM. Calyx campanulate or broadly turbinate. Stamens 8__-------e 5. LAWSONIA., Stamens 10 to 42. Petals yellow; stamens 10 to 18... 6. HEIMIA. Petals not yellow; stamens 28 to 42. Petals on long slender claws, the blade cordate at base. 7. LAGERSTROEMIA. Petals cuneate at base, not clawed___.____________ 8. GINORIA. 1. ADENARIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 185. 1823. The following is the only species, 1. Adenaria floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 188. pl. 549. 1823. Oaxaca. Central and South America. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, covered everywhere with dotlike black glands; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, 3 to 10 em. long, acute or acuminate, puberulent beneath; flowers yellow, in short dense axillary cymes, 4 or 5-parted; calyx broadly turbinate, 3 to 4 mm. long, not appendaged; petals slightly exserted; stamens 7 to 12. « Chaparral ” (Colombia) ; “ guayabito ” (Venezuela). The sapwood is said to be light cream-colored or nearly white, the heartwood light yellow, turning darker or reddish on exposure, moderately soft and light, very fine-grained, and taking a good polish. 2. PARSONSIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 234. 1763. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or ternate; flowers 6-parted, racemose or lateral, the pedicels axillary or interpetiolar; calyx tubular, often spurred at base; petals 6, 2, or none; stamens 11 or 9; ovary with a dorsal or cupuliform disk at base; fruit capsular, 1-celled, dehiscent along one side; seeds few or numerous. Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Many of those listed below do not merit classification as shrubs, but others are truly woody. Some of the Brazilian species are reported to have sudorific, antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic properties. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby, of the United States, is said to resemble digitalis in its physiological action. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1015 Bractlets none. Calyx 4 to 14 mm. long. Two dorsal petals larger than the others_--------------- 1. P. racemosa. Two dorsal petals smaller than the others. The 9 ventral stamens alternately unequal, 5 of them often subexserted. Disk cuplike, investing the base of the ovary.---------- 2. P. gaumeri. Disk large and investing part of the ovary base, interrupted dorsally. 3. P. ciliata. The 9 ventral stamens not alternately unequal, included. Disk cupuliform_-__-~------------------------------- 4. P. utriculosa. Disk dorsal_____-__-----__--------------------------- 5. ‘P. salicifolia, Bractlets present on the pedicel, sometimes very small. Calyx 3 to 11 mm. long; ovules 2 to 32. Flowers opposite_----------------------------------- 6. P. epilobiifolia. Flowers alternate. Stamens in anthesis nearly or quite as long as the calyx. 7. P. hyssopifolia. Stamens much shorter than the calyx-------------- 8. P. calophylla. Calyx 12 to 40 mm. long or, if smaller, bialate within dorsally or the dorsal lobe produced; ovules sometimes as many as 50. Calyx evidently bialate within, 10 to 24 mm. long, the spur usually sub- ascending, rarely incurved. Two interior wings of the calyx retrorse-hairy; petals 2. Petals about 10 mm. long, dark purple; spur of calyx incurved. 9. P. nitidula. Petals 2 to 3.5 mm. long, violet-black; spur straight or subascend- ing___-__--------------------------------------- 10. P. cyanea. Two interior wings of calyx glabrous; petals usually 6, rarely 2. Pedicels axillary; petioles up to 17 mm. long_--_- 11. P. nudicostata. Pedicels interpetiolar; petioles less than 12 mm. long. Leaves 10 to 12 mm. long, glabrous on the upper surface. 12, P. empetrifolia. , Leaves mostly more than 2 cm. long, usually scabrous or pubescent on the upper surface. Ventral petals about half as long as the 2 dorsal ones. 13. P. pinetorum. Ventral petals 3 mm. long or less, or absent, much less than half as long as the dorsal petals. Flowers not in distinct racemes, the pedicels interpetiolar. 14. P. chiapensis. Flowers in distinct racemes. Branches glandular-hirsute; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long. 15. P. ixodes. Branches retrorse-scabrous or puberulent, glandular-hirtellous only in the inflorescence ; petioles usually 8 to 12 mm. long___----------------------------- 16, P. hookeriana. Calyx not bialate within, sometimes slightly bicostate. ” Dorsal lobe of the calyx large, produced ; calyx usually violet or purplish, never scarlet. Petals usually 6. Seales absent below the petals. Petals 2____-_---_-_--------------------------------- 17. P. llavea. Petals 6. Calyx 25 to 28 mm. long---------------- 18, P. blepharophylla. Calyx 15 to 20 mm. long. Calyx hirsute with eglandular hairs___------ 19. P. bilimekii. Calyx minutely glandular-hirtellous__------- 20, P. goldmanii. 1016 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Scale present below each dorsal petal. Four ventral petals very obtuse at base and apex: longer stamens equaling the calyx lobes_._---.- 21. P. arnottiana. Four ventral petals cuneate at base, acute or obtuse at apex ; longer Stamens slightly exceeding the calyx lobes. Leaves rounded or subcordate at base; pedicels mostly 2 to 4 mm. long__----------e 22. P. lobophora. Leaves acute or obtuse at base; pedicels mostly 5 to 10 mm. long----_---- 23. P. squamuligera. Dorsal fobe of the calyx not produced or, if so, the calyx scarlet. Calyx slender or very slender, the dorsal lobe usually broad but shorter than the others, the mouth of the calyx oblique. Petals 6, subequal_-------- 24. P. aequipetala. Petals 2, or 6 but very unequal. Stamens 9; ovules 12 to 23; spur of calyx strongly incurved. 25. P. bustamanta. Stamens 11; ovules 8 to 11; spur obsolete or, if evident, never incurved. ; Flowers solitary, not racemose__._____ 26. P. appendiculata. Flowers in evident terminal racemes. Calyx spurred at base. 27. P. roseana. Calyx not spurred, merely gibbous at base. Calyx glabrous within at base. | Leaves setose-hirsute on the upper surface. 28. P. megalophylla. Leaves merely scaberulous on the upper surface. 29. P. cristata. Calyx hairy within at base. Appendages of calyx shorter than the lobes; calyx hirtellous _---- 30. P. graciliflora, Appendages longer than the lobes; calyx minutely strigillose_ 9 81. P. boissieriana. Calyx thick and stout, convex dorsally, the lobes usually very short or none, Ovules 48 to 100. Petals included__------ 32. P. micropetala. Petals, at least the 2 dorsal ones, exserted, nearly half as long as the calyx -------e ee 33. P. heteropetala. Ovules 4 to 26, Appendages of the calyx longer than the lobes, bulbous-ciliate at base. Ovules 8; stems not hirsute__... | 34. P. schumannii, Ovules 4; stems hirsute_..-- = 35. P. bracteolosa. Appendages obsolete or shorter than the lobes or, if longer, never bulbous-ciliate. Calyx lobes eciliate_..---- 36. P. baillonis. Calyx lobes ciliate. Petals evident, 2 mm. long or much longer. Petals, at least the 4 ventral ones, very small. Petals very unequal, the 2 dorsal ones about half as long as the calyx, the 4 ventral ones half as long and much narrower___________ 37. P. heterophylla. Petals subequal, about 2 mm. long____38. P. jorullensis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1017 Petals all large and of equal length, the ventral ones nar- rower than the dorsal. Dorsal petals rounded-obovate; ovules about 15; leaves opposite_________--------------- 390. P. intermedia. Dorsal petals narrowly obovate; ovules 5; leaves ternate or scattered________------------ 40. P. retroscabra. Petals none or minute and subulate. Spur of the calyx very short, not compressed at base. 41. P. watsoniana. Spur orbicular, compressed at base. Inflorescence distinctly racemose, the flowers fasciculate. Axis of the inflorescence pubescent and often sparsely hispidulous; petals 6---------- 42. P. subuligera. Axis of the inflorescence densely glandular-hirtellous ; petals none___-_-~-------------- 43. P. caeciliae. Inflorescence leafy, the flowers solitary in the axils. Plant glabrous____-_-------------------- 44, P. ignea. Plant hirtellous or hispidulous___-45. P. liebmannii. 1. Parsonsia racemosa (L. f.) Standl. Lythrum racemosum L. f. Suppl. Pl. 250. 1781. Cuphea spicata Cav. Icon, Pl. 4: 56. pl. 381. 1797. Cuphea racemosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 455. 1825. Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies and South America. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, viscid, hirsute; leaves ovate or ovate- elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long, acute or obtuse; flowers in naked racemes, the pedi- cels 3 to 6 mm. long; calyx 5.5 to 10 mm. long, short-hirtellous; petals pink, about half as long as the calyx. “ Hierba del fraile *” (Colombia). 2. Parsonsia gaumeri (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea gaumeri Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 154. 1900. Yucatin; type from Buena Vista Xbac. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, glandular-pubescent; leaves subsessile, oblong to elliptic, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or acute, obscurely ciliolate; flowers chiefly axillary, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx 6.5 mm. long, hirtellous on the nerves. Reported by Millspaugh’* as Cuphea trinitatis DC. 3. Parsonsia ciliata (Swartz) Standl. Lythrum ciliatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 76. 1788. Cuphea decandra Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 3: 151. 1811. Cuphea ciliata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 454, 1881. Cuphea purpusit T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 378. 1913. Veracruz. Cuba, Haiti, and Colombia. Slender shrub, much branched; petioles 1 to 3 mm, long; leaves oblong, ybovate, or ovate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, cuneate or attenuate at base, acute or obtuse at apex, glandular-ciliate; flowers racemose, the pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long; calyx green, 7 to 11 mm. long, glandular-hirtellous; petals purple, the ventral ones 4 to 5.5 mm. long. 4. Parsonsia utriculosa (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea utriculosa Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13?: 452. 1877. Tepic to Chiapas and Tabasco. Central America. Slender shrub, the stems glandular-hirtellous or glabrate; leaves sessile or subsessile, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate to linear, glabrous but often Field Mus. Bot. 1: 311. 1896. 1018 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ciliate; racemes leafy, the pedicels 5 to 12 mm. long; calyx 4 to 7 mm. long, green, glabrous; petals pink or purple, the ventral ones 3 to 4 mm. long. Specimens from Tepie are noteworthy because of their broad leaves, and may represent a distinct species. 5. Parsonsia salicifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Standl. Cuphea salicifolia Sehlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 569. 1830. In wet soil, Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected near Misantla and Papantla, Veracruz. Slender shrub, 1 meter h‘gh or less, glabrous; leaves oblanceolate or linear- oblanceolate, 3 to 12 em. long, obtuse, attenuate at base; flowers in slender racemes, the pedicels 5 to 11 mm. long; ealyx green, 6 to 9 mm. long; petals purple, the ventral ones 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Xoniguilli.” 6. Parsonsia epilobiifolia (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea epilobiifolia Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras, 137: 223, 1877. Oaxaca. Costa Rica and Venezuela. Shrub, 1.3 meters high or less, the branches canescent-puberulent ; leaves subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4.5 to 9 em. long, attenuate to each end, strigillose or glabrate beneath, pale; racemes long and slender, the pedicels 2 to 5 mm, long; calyx green, 6 to 9 mm. long, canescent-h'rtellous; petals purple, 7. Parsonsia hyssopifolia (H. B. K.) Standl. Cuphea hyssopifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 199. 1823. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Slender shrub, 30 to 60 em. high, often much branched, the branches ap- pressed-hispidulous, densely leafy; leaves subsessile, linear to lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 3 em. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers axillary, the pedicels 3 to 7 mm. long; calyx green, 5.5 to 8 mm. long, glabrous or aculeolate-hispi- dulous; petals purple, pink, or white. 8. Parsonsia calophylla (Cham. & Schlecht.) Standl. Cuphea calophylla Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 361. 1827. Cuphea orthodisca Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 224. 1877. Oaxaca. Central America to Brazil. Plants 30 to 100 cm. high, woody at base, the stems hispid or pilose ; leaves subsessile, 1 to 5 em. long, oblong, oblanceolate, or obovate, obtuse, ciliate and hispidulous; racemes leafy, the pedicels 2 to 6 mm. long; calyx green, 6 mm. long, viscid-hirtellous. The Mexican form is Cuphea calophylla orthodisca Koehne. 9. Parsonsia nitidula (H. B. K.) Standl. Cuphea nitidula H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 6: 162. 1823. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Shrub, sometimes 4.5 meters high; petioles 1 to 9 mm. long; leaves lanceo- late to broadly ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse to sub- cordate at base, strigose or hirtellous beneath; inflorescence leafy, the pedicels 5 to 138 mm. long; calyx 15 to 24 mm. long, green or purplish; petals purple. 10. Parsonsia cyanea (DC.) Standl. Cuphea cyanea DC. Prodr. 3: 85. 1828. Cuphea coccinea DC. Prodr. 3: 85. 1828. Cuphea pubiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840. *Bot. Jahrb. Engler 2: 138, 1881. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1019 Cuphea strigulosa Lemaire, Fl. Gewiichshius. 1: 87. 1845. Cuphea strigillosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 32: pl. 4. 1846. Coahuila to Guerrero, Chiapas, and Veracruz, Plants suffrutescent at base, sometimes 2 meters high, the branches pubes- cent and glandular-hirtellous or glabrate ; petioles 5 to 30 mm. long; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 1.5 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, strigulose or sparsely pilosulous; racemes often naked and paniculate, the pedicels 2.5 to 10 mm. long; calyx 16 to 23 mm. long, viscid-hirtellous, red, yellow, and green. This species has been introduced into cultivation in Europe and the United States. 11. Parsonsia nudicostata (Hemsl.) Standl. Cuphea nudicostata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 52. 1880. Known only from the type locality, “Ciudad Real.” Stems covered with long purple glandular-setose hairs; leaves lance-oblong, 5.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute, strigose and hispidulous ; calyx 25 mm. long, glandu- lar-pilose; 2 dorsal petals 10 to 13 mm. long. 12, Parsonsia empetrifolia (Rose) Standl. Cuphea empetrifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897. Known only from the type locality, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, altitude 2,650 to 3,000 meters. Slender shrub, the branches puberulent or hirtellous ; leaves subsessile, linear or oblong, obtuse or acute, lustrous above; flowers in distinct racemes ; calyx 15 mm. long, purplish, glandular-hispidulous ; petals purple, the 2 dorsal ones 8 mm. long. 13. Parsonsia pinetorum (Benth.) Standl. Cuphea pinetorum Benth, Pl Hartw. 74, 1841. Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from San Ramon. Slender shrub, the branches puberulent-scabrous ; leaves subsessile, lanceo- late, 2.5 to 7 em. long, attenuate, obtuse to subcordate at base, scabrous; ra- cemes leafy, the pedicels 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx 17 to 20 mm. long, viscid- hirtellous, not colored; petals black-purple. 14. Parsonsia chiapensis (T. 8. Brandeg.) Standl. Cuphea chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915. Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas. Shrub, the branches viscid-hirtellous ; petioles 7 to 15 mm. long; leaves ovate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, scabrous; calyx about 23 mm. long, hirtellous; 2 dorsal petals 12 mm. long, red. 15. Parsonsia ixodes (Hemsl.) Standl. ; Cuphea ivxodes Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 52. 1880. Described from southern Mexico, the locality not known. Petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, scabrous and hirtellous; pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long; calyx 20 to 25 mm. long, glandular- hispidulous; 2 dorsal petals 8 to 9 mm. long. 16. Parsonsia hookeriana (Walp.) Standl. Cuphea floribunda Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841. Not C. floribunda Lehm. 1831. Cuphea hookeriana Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 107. 1845. Cuphea cinnabarina Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: pl. 527. 1849. Cuphea roezlii Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1877: 469. 1877. Cuphea pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 149. 1890. 1020 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas; type collected between San Blas and Tepic. Guatemala and Nicaragua. Plants usually shrubby, sometimes 2 meters high; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 11 cm. long, acuminate; pedicels 2 to 9 mm. long; calyx 10 to 22 mm. long, bright red, viscid-pubescent ; petals purple. 17. Parsonsia llavea (Lex.) Standl. Cuphea lUavea Lex.; Lilave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 20. 1824. Cuphea barbigera Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841. Cuphea miniata Brongn. in Van Houtte, Fl. Gewiichschiius. 2: pl. 9. 1846. Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Zacatecas, and Oaxaca. Shrub, the branches strigose or hirtellous; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 8 cm. long. acute or acuminate, obtuse to subcordate at base, scabrous ; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long, the racemes leafy; calyx 20 to 40 mm. long, green or purplish, grayish-hirsute; petals bright red. “Hierba de San Pedro” (Koehne). Forms of this species are frequently cultivated, and hybrids between this and other species have been produced in European gardens. 18. Parsonsia blepharophylla Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 190. 1919. Known only from the type locality. between Ixtagua and Agua Fria, Sinaloa. Leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long or larger, acute, or acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, very scabrous; calyx hirsute with eglandular hairs, purplish; petals bright red. 19. Parsonsia bilimekii (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea bilimekii Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 216: 155. 1903. Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz. Branches pubescent and hirsute; leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long, acute, rounded at base; racemes short, leafy, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx purplish; petals purple. 20. Parsonsia goldmanii (Rose) Stand. Cuphea goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 287. f. 28. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Comitéin, Chiapas. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves elliptic or oval-ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, ob- tuse or subacute, rounded at base, scabrous above, hirtellous beneath, short- petiolate; calyx green; petals dark red. 21. Parsonsia arnottiana Standl. Cuphea bracteata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841. Not ©. brae- teata Lag. 1814. Jalisco and Tepic; type from San Blas and Tepic. Leaves subsessile, oblong or ovate, 10 to 15 mm. long, acute, strigose-hirtel- lous; pedicels 4 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, short-hirtellous and setu- lose; dorsal petals 7 mm. long, purple. 22. Parsonsia lobophora (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea lobophora Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 182: 235. 1877. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Plants woody at base, 60 cm. high or less; leaves sessile, linear to oblong ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute; calyx green or purplish, hirtellous or seabrous. 23. Parsonsia squamuligera (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea squamuligera Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras, 132: 235. 1877. Guerrero, Michoacin, Morelos, and Mexico; type from Morelia, Michoacin. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1021 Plants usually suffrutescent at base; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or oblong- ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute; calyx green or purplish, hirtellous or scabrous. 24. Parsonsia aequipetala (Cav.) Standl. Cuphea aequipetala Cav. Icon. PI. 4: 57. pl. 382, f. 2. 1797. Cuphea bracteata Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 16. 1814. Cuphea scabrida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 203. 1823. Cuphea apanzaloa DC. Prodr. 3: 88. 1828. Cuphea floribunda Lehm. Linnaea 6: Lit. 11. 1831. Cuphea violacea Regel, Flora 33: 354. 1850. Cuphea ocymoides Decaisne, Journ. d’Hort. 3: pl. 3. 1859. Coahuila to Michoacin, Chiapas, and Veracruz. Guatemala. Plants a meter high or less, herbaceous or suffrutescent; petioles 5 mm. long or less; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, acute, acute to rounded at base, glabrous or hispidulous beneath ; inflorescence leafy, the pedicels 1 to 5 mm. long; calyx 13 to 23 mm. long, purplish; petals violet or purple. “Apan- choloa” (Veracruz). 25. Parsonsia bustamanta (Llave & Lex.) Standl. Cuphea bustamanta Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 21. 1824. Cuphea platycentra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839. Michoacin to Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Morelia, Michoacan. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, strigose-puberulent ; petioles 4 to 10 mm. long; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, scaberulous or hispidulous ; calyx 22 to 25 mm. long, red, puberulent or hispidulous ; petals yellow, or the dorsal ones purple. 26. Parsonsia appendiculata (Benth.) Standl. Cuphea appendiculata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Juquila, Oaxaca. Shrub, 2 meters high or less, the branches hispidulous; leaves lance-elliptic, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, attenuate at base to a short petiole, hispidulous beneath along the nerves; calyx 25 to 33 mm. long, green, strigillose; petals red-purple, 5 to 9 mm. long. 27. Parsonsia roseana (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea trichopetala Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 261. 1900. Not C. tri- chopetala Rusby & Koehne, 1896. Cuphea roseana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 261. 1900. Known only from the type locality, near Colomas, Sinaloa. Stems suffrutescent at base, puberulent or glabrous ; leaves sessile, oblong- obovate, 5 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the clasping base, densely scaberulous beneath; calyx 16 to 23 mm. long, green, setose-hirsute ; dorsal petals dark purple-red, 7 mm. long, the ventral petals filiform, spirally contorted above. 28, Parsonsia megalophylla (Blake) Standl. Cuphea megalophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 63. 1918. Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 500 meters. Stems densely hispidulous and setose-pilose; leaves oval, 10 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, cuneate-acuminate at base, minutely tuberculate-hispidulous be- neath; calyx 27 mm. long, greenish, setose-pilose with purple hairs. 1022 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 29. Parsonsia cristata (Rose) Standl. Cuphea cristata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 196. pl. 23. 1899, Tepic and Michoacin or Guerrero; type collected between Tepic and Pedro Paulo. Stems suffrutescent at base, strigillose; leaves petiolate, elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, 7 to 12 em. long, acuminate, abruptly attenuate at base, scaberulous beneath; calyx about 30 mm. long, red and green, Setose-hirsute; petals red, narrowly oblong. ’ 30. Parsonsia graciliflora (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea graciliflora Koehne in Mart. FL Bras. 132: 286. 1877. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, Plants usually suffrutescent, the stems densely hisp’d or hirsute; leaves petiolate or subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 4 to 18 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, thick, hispidulous beneath; inflorescence racemose- paniculate, many-flowered ; calyx 24 to 30 mm. long, hirtellous or hirsute, green or purplish; petals bright red. 31. Parsonsia boissieriana (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea boissieriana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 7: 42. 1885. Type from Mexico, the locality not known. Branches strigillose-scabrous and sparsely pilose; leaves sessile, lanceolate, 5.5 to 7 em. long, scaberulous ; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 25 mm. long, red. 32. Parsonsia micropetala (H. B. K.) Stand. Cuphea micropetala H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 209. pl. 551. 1823. Cuphea eminens Planch. & Lind. FI. Serres 10: pl. 994. 1854. Colima to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Guanajuato, Plants shrubby or herbaceous, 1 meter high or less, the stems puberulent and Sometimes hirtellous; petioles 10 mm. long or less; leaves oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 16 em. long, attenuate at each end, scaberulous; calyx 20 to 85 mm. long, red and yellow; stamens often exserted. 33. Parsonsia heteropetala (Koehne) Stand. Cuphea heteropetala Koehne in Matt. FI. Bras. 132: 232. 1877. Oaxaca, Branches glandular-hirtellous or hispidulous; leaves petiolate or sub- sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glabrous, 2.5 to 10 em. long; pedicels 7 to 11 mm. long; ealyx 21 to 25 mm. long, glandular-hirtellous. 34. Parsonsia schumannii (Koehne) Stand, Cuphea schumannii Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 160. 1900. Type from Cérdoba, Veracruz. Stems biseriately glandular-setose; petioles 15 mm. long or less; leaves 7.5 to 9.5 em. long, acute, acute to subcordate at base, scabrous above; pedicels 3 mm. long or less; calyx 23 to 25 mm. long, red. 35. Parsonsia bracteolosa (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea bracteolosa Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 41: 95. 1907. Known only from the type locality, La Tuveria, Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 900 meters. Stems suffrutescent, 60 cm. high, strigose and hirsute; leaves ternate, sub- sessile, lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, glabrous beneath, scabrous above; pedicels axillary, 4 to 7 mm. long: calyx about 20 mm. long, red, hirsute; petals black-purple, 3 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1023 36. Parsonsia baillonis (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea baillonis Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 401. 1833. Type from Oaxaca. Stems sparsely pubescent below; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves opposite, 3.5 to 5 em. long, acute, rounded or obtuse at base, scabrous above, glabrous beneath; racemes leafy, the pedicels 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx 20 to 22 mm. long, red. 37. Parsonsia heterophylla (Benth.) Stand. Cuphea heterophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1840. Cuphea terna Peyritsch, Linnaea 30: 71. 1857. Cuphea propinqua Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 53. 1880. Michoacin to Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca ; perhaps also in Tepic; type from Morelia, Michoacan. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, hirsute, pubescent, or glabrous; petioles 3 mm. long or less; leaves mostly ternate, ovate to oblong- lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. long. scabrous; racemes distinct, leafy or nearly naked, the pedicels 4 to 20 mm. long; calyx 15 to 25 mm. long, purplish or reddish, puberulent or short-hirsute ; petals red. ‘“ Moradilla ” (Koehne). 38. Parsonsia jorullensis (H. B. K.) Standl. Cuphea jorullensis H. B, K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 208. 1823. Cuphea arvensis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1840. Cuphea viridostoma 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 412. 1887. Cuphea mesochloa Greene, Pittonia 1: 141. 1887. . Durango to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Jorullo, Michoacan. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 80 cm. high or less, puberulent and hispidulous; petioles 1 to 5 mm. long; leaves mostly opposite, oblong, lanceolate, or ovate, 2 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acute, very scabrous; flowers in distinct racemes, the pedicels 5 to 20 mm. long; calyx 20 to 28 mm. long, red and green; petals whitish. 39. Parsonsia intermedia (Hemsl.) Standl. Cuphea intermedia Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 52. 1880. Type from Chiapas. Stems puberulent when young; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3 to 4 em. long, acute or obtuse, scabrous above and sparsely pilose, pubescent and scaberulous peneath:; flowers solitary; calyx 25 mm. long, hirtellous-pubescent ; petals purple or pink. 40. Parsonsia retroscabra (S. Wats.) Standl. Cuphea retroscabra 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 413. 1887. Jalisco, the type from Rio Blanco. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent at base, hispidulous and retrorse-scabrous ; leaves mostly ternate, oval to oblong-linear, 2 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or acute, seabrous; flowers in distinct racemes, the pedicels 6 to 20 mm. long; calyx about 16 mm. long, purplish, puberulent and hispidulous; petals pink. 41. Parsonsia watsoniana (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea watsoniana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: Beibl. 57: 29. 1897. Known only from the type locality, Lake Chapala, Jalisco. Stems suffrutescent, scaberulous and hispid ; petioles 2 to 5 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, acute, very scabrous; flowers lateral, the pedicels 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx 25 to 30 mm. long, red. 2 1024 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 42. Parsonsia subuligera (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea subuligera Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 182: 231. 1877. Cuphea dodecandra Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 51. 1880. Puebla and Chiapas. Stems suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance-ovate to oblong- lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate, glabrous and smooth; flowers in distinct racemes, the pedicels 3 to 11 mm. long; calyx 23 to 28 mm. long, pink or purple, glabrate. 43. Parsonsia caeciliae (Koehne) Stand. Cuphea caeciliae Koehne, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 564. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Rfo Saconeja, Chiapas. Similar to P. subuligera; leaves wider ; calyx 20 to 30 mm. long, purple-red, densely glandular-hirtellous. 44, Parsonsia ignea (A. DC.) Standl. Cuphea platycentra Lem. Fl. Gewiichshiius. 2: pl. 180, 1846. Not C. platy- centra Benth. 1839. Cuphea ignea A. DC. Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: 500C. 1849. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Jamaica. Stems suffrutescent 1 meter high or less, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate, glabrous; pedicels 5 to 20 mm. long; calyx 18 to 25 mm. long, bright red. 45. Parsonsia liebmannii (Koehne) Standl. Cuphea Uebmannii Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 137: 231. 1877. Type from Tolontepec. Similar to P. ignea; stem, leaves, and calyx pilose with spreading hairs; calyx 17 mm. long. 3. LAFOENSIA Vand. FI. Lusit. Bras, 33. 1788. The other species are natives of South America. 1. Lafoensia punicaefolia DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genave 32: 86. pl. 1. 1826. Guerrero and Oaxaca, at altitudes of 300 to 450 meters. Central America to Bolivia and Venezuela; type from Santa Marta, Colombia. Tree, 16 meters high or less, the bark dark brown; leaves opposite, short- petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 11 em. long, obtuse-acuminate, glabrous, with a conspicuous pore beneath just below the apex; flowers racemose or sub- paniculate, 12 to 16-parted; calyx campanulate, 3 cm. long, very thick and leathery; petals 3 to 3.5 em. long, pale yellow, turning red in age; stamens sey- eral times as long as the calyx, the filaments red; fruit an ovoid capsule, 3 cm. long or larger; wood rather hard, heavy, strong, tough, fine-grained, taking a good polish, the sapwood pale yellow, the heartwood slightly darker. ‘“ Co- quito” (Oaxaca) ; “ moreno” (Guerrero) ; “palo culebra,” “palo de culebra ” (Guatemala); “amarillo” (Panama); “trompillo,” “ cuyapo” (El Salva- dor). ; A fine yellow dye is obtained from the tree in Guerrero and Panama. In El Salvador it is often planted for shade. 4, LYTHRUM L. Sp. Pl. 446. 1753. Plants herbaceous or sometimes frutescent, slender, glabrous, growing in wet soil; leaves opposite in the species here listed, sometimes alternate, nar- row; flowers axillary, solitary, 4 to 6-parted; calyx tubular, with small ap- pendages; petals white, pink, or purple; capsule bivalvate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1025 Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The two listed here scarcely deserve mention, but they are usually somewhat woody at base. Leaves short-petiolate, obtuse or rounded at base___-_----- 1. L. acinifolium. Leaves, at least the upper ones, sessile and cordate at base_._-2. L. gracile. 1, Lythrum acinifolium Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 322. 1881. Durango to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. Guatemala and Chile. Plants very slender, much branched, sometimes 2 meters high, the stems brown, with exfoliating bark; leaves oblong to elliptic-ovate, 5 to 30 mm. long, obtuse; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long; petals purple or white. 2, Lythrum. gracile Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839. Nuevo Leén to Jalisco and Veracruz; type from Zacatecas. Plants usually less than 60 em. high, much branched; leaves cordate-oblong or ovate, 5 to 138 mm. long, acute or obtuse; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long. 5. LAWSONIA L. Sp. PL 349. 1753. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Lawsonia inermis L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753. Lawsonia alba Lam. Encycl. 3: 106. 1789. Cultivated in many parts of Mexico, and in places growing without cultiva- tion. Native probably of Africa and Asia, but commonly cultivated in most tropical and subtropical regions. Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high, glabrous, the branchlets often spinelike ; leaves opposite, oblong or obovate, 1 to 25 cm. long, mucronate-acuminate, narrowed at base; flowers 4-parted, in large open terminal panicles, sweet- scented; calyx broadly turbinate, 3 to 5 mm. long; petals yellow, reniform, nearly sessile; stamens 8; fruit globose, 2 to 4-celled, indehiscent. ‘ Reseda” (Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Porto Rico) ; “ cinamomo” (Philippines). The henna plant is cultivated in tropical America for its sweet-scentel flowers. It grows readily from cuttings and makes a good hedge plant, some- what resembling privet. The odor of the flowers is strong and resembles that of mignonette. The leaves of henna are much used in the Orient for stain- ing the nails, hands, and feet yellow, and also for dyeing the hair and beard. A paste of the leaves applied to the hair or beard soon produces a bright red color, which is considered becoming among certain classes of Mohammedans, Frequently, however, an indigo paste is next applied, and this turns the hair jet black. The tails and manes of horses are sometimes colored red in the same way. From the flowers is obtained a perfume which becomes an in- gredient of oils and ointments, and was employed by the Begyptians in em- balming; also by the Jews in baths and in religious ceremonies (it is the “eamphire” of Solomon). The plant yields a dull red dye for cloth. The fruit is reputed to have emmenagogue properties and the leaves are used in- ternally and externally for jaundice, leprosy, and various cutaneous affections. 6. HEIMIA Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 3. 1822. Only one other species is known, a native of South America. 1. Heimia salicifolia (H. B. K.) Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 3. 1822. Nesaea salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 192. 1823. Heimia syphilitica DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 37: 12. 1826. Nesaea syphilitica Steud. Flora 25: 474. 1842. Along streams or in wet soil, Baja California to Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Western Texas, El Salvador, Jamaica, and South America. 1026 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub, 0.5 to 3 meters high, glabrous; leaves mostly opposite, sessile, linear- lanceolate or lanceolate, 2 to 9 em. long, acuminate; flowers yellow, inodorous, pedicellate, solitary in the axils; calyx campanulate, 5 to 9 mm. long, with hornlike appendages at base of lobes; petals 5 to 7, 12 to 17 mm. long ; stamens 10 to 18. “ Hauchinal,” “ hauchinol,” “ hauehinoli,” “ hachinal,” “huauchinal,” “ hanchinol,” “hanchinoli,” “ hanchinal,” (Oaxaca, Morelos, Mexico, and elsewhere) ; “ jarilla” (Oaxaca); ‘“ sinicuiche,” “ sinicuilche,” “sinicuil” (Nuevo Le6n, Jalisco); “ granadillo” (Urbina); “escobilla del rio” (Tamaulipas) ; “ quiebra yugo,” “ quiebra arado” (Argentina, Uruguay). The petals fall soon after the flowers open. The plant is much used locally in medicine, emetic, antisyphilitic, hemostatic, febrifuge, diuretic, laxative, vulnerary, sudorific, tonic and astringent properties being ascribed to it. It is employed most commonly for syphilitic affections. The leaves are said to contain 9 per cent of a bitter principle, nesine, and about 14 per cent of a resin, the latter being the active principle. If the juice or a decoction of the plant is taken internally it is said to produce a mild and pleasant intoxication, during which all objects seen appear to be yellow. Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas a decoction of the plant is employed as a wash to relieve the effects of poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron). This plant was listed by Sessé and Mocifio? as “ Ginora [Ginoria] americana,” a name pertaining to a Cuban plant of a different genus. It is described also by Hernandez.? 7 LAGERSTROEMIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1076. 1759. The species are all natives of the Old World. 1. Lagerstroemia indica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 734. 1762. Commonly cultivated in Mexico and sometimes escaping. Native of Asia, East Indies, and Australia, but widely cultivated. Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high, the trunk 6 to 17 cm. in diameter, the bark smooth, gray; leaves alternate, sessile or nearly so, oblong-elliptic to rounded, 2 to 7 ecm. long, short-acuminate, rounded, or emarginate at apex, glabrous or hirtellous beneath along the nerves; flowers in terminal panicles, pedicellate, 4 to 7-parted; calyx campanulate, 7 to 10 mm. long; petals white, pink, or purple, 12 to 20 mm. long, on slender claws, the blade orbicular- cordate, crispate and erose; stamens 36 to 42; capsule 6-celled, 9 to 18 mm. long, ellipsoid-globose. ‘ Astronémica ” (Durango, Oaxaca, ete.) ; “crespén” (San Luis Potosf); “atmosférica ” (Durango, Oaxaca); “atmédsfera” (Sinaloa) ; “ Jfipiter” (Cuba, El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “astromeda” (Porto Rico) ; “ melindres ” (Philippines). Crape-myrtle is an extremely handsome plant, with very showy and hand- some flowers which are borne in great profusion and for most of the year. Although it grows well in the tropics, it is not a tropical plant, but can stand considerable freezing. In the United States ‘it is hardy as far north as Baltimore, and is grown out of doors still farther north. 8. GINORIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 5. 1760. Six other species are known, all natives of the West Indies. 1. Ginoria nudiflora (Hemsl.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 3: 351. 1882. Antherylium nudiflorum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 13. 1878. The type was collected somewhere in southern Mexico by Jurgensen; the writer has seen another specimen collected by Galeotti in 1845, probably in Oaxaca. * Pl. Nov. Hisp. 78. 1887. * Thesaurus 105, 415. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1027 Glabrous shrub or tree, leafless at anthesis, the leaves not known; flowers in axillary 5 to 10-flowered umbels, the pedicels 5 to 12 mm. long, slender; calyx 6 mm. long, 4-lobate; petals about 7 mm. long, erose; stamens 28 to 30; ovary 3 or 4-celled. 119. PUNICACEAE. Pomegranate Family. The family consists of a single genus and species. 1, PUNICA L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753. The generic name is derived from the Latin name for the Carthaginians (Punici), who are said to have introduced the pomegranate into Italy. 1. Punica granatum L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753. Common in cultivation nearly throughout Mexico. Native of the Mediter- ranean region, but cultivated everywhere in warm countries. Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, sometimes with a short trunk, the bark very thin, brownish gray, shallowly reticulate; leaves opposite or clustered, short-petiolate, elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse, attenuate at base, entire, glabrous; flowers perfect, short-pedicellate, solitary or clustered; calyx leathery, 5 to 7-lobate, the lobes triangular; petals 5 to 7, obovate to suborbicular, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, bright red; stamens nu- merous; fruit a leathery berry, globose, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter, several- celled: seeds numerous, surrounded by white or pink, acidulous pulp; wood hard, close-grained, light yellow, its specific gravity about 0.93. The plant is known everywhere in Spanish-speaking countries as ‘“ granado,” the fruit as “granada”; the following names also are reported: “ Tzapyan,” “ tzapyon ” (Mixe. Belmar) ; “ yaga-zehi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; ‘“ yutnu-didzi” (Oax- aca, Mixtec, Reko). The pomegranate is cultivated in the southern United States and is hardy as far north as the city of Washington. It is one of the best of the tropical fruits, being one of the few that are acidulous, most tropical fruits being sweet or insipid. It is a favorite fruit in Mexico, where numerous varieties are grown, such as the “granada de China,” “ granada agria,” and others. The principal variation is in the size of the fruit and the color of the pulp. The pomegranates of Tehuacin, Puebla, are famous for their quality. The fruit is eaten without special preparation, or is made into sherbets and bever- ages. The hard wood is sometimes used by engravers as a substitute for box- wood (Burus sempervirens). The bark and the rind of the fruit are astrin- gent, and are employed for tanning and dyeing leather. The bark, with iron sulphate, gives a black ink, and the flowers with alum a red ink. The bark of the stem and root is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia, its active power being due to an alkaloid, pelletierine. The bark contains over 22 per cent of tannic acid. The bark is employed as a vermifuge and teniafuge, being particularly efficient for the latter purpose. It is used locally also for dysentery and intermittent fevers and as a gargle for sore throat. 120. RHIZOPHORACEAE. Mangrove Family. 1. RHIZOPHORA L. Sp. Pl. 443. 1753. The genus consists of about three species, widely distributed on tropical coasts. 1. Rhizophora mangle L. Sp. Pl. 443. 1753. Common along both Mexican coasts from Tamaulipas and southern Baja California southward. Widely distributed in tropical America. 1028 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter, but usually much smaller; bark thin, brownish gray, shallowly furrowed, red within ; leaves opposite, petiolate, obovate or elliptic, 5 to 15 em. long, obtuse, entire, leathery, glabrous, dark green, with deciduous stipules; flowers perfect, on 2 or 3-flowered axillary peduncles; calyx leathery, 4-lobed; petals 4, yel- lowish white, linear, hairy; stamens 8; fruit baccate, conic, 2 to 2.5 em. long, leathery, brown; seed usually germinating in the fruit, the radicle pushing out and growing downward, becoming 25 to 30 cm. long before it falls from the plant and takes root in the mud; wood hard, close-grained, strong, dark red-brown, its specific gravity about 1.16. “Tab-ché” or “tap-ché” (Yueatén, Maya); “mangle” (Baja California, Oaxaca, and elsewhere, Costa Rica, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, ete. ; the word probably of Carib origin; “ manglar ” is a mangrove thicket) ; “mangle dulce” (Baja California) ; “mangle colo- rado” (Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Cuba, Panama, Guatemala, Porto Rico, Venezuela) ; “ mangle tinto” (Veracruz) ; “ candelén ” (Veracruz, Colima, Sinaloa, Ramtrez) ; “ mangle salado” (Panama) ; “ mangle zapatero” (Porto Rico); “mangle gateador” (Costa Rica). The mangrove (sometimes known as “ red mangrove”) is the most abundant and conspicuous tree of tropical coasts, forming dense forests or thickets of great extent almost everywhere that the water is brackish. The plants send out numerous arching prop roots in all directions, which are covered at high tide, and these form impenetrable tangles. The roots are often covered with oysters. The mangrove is important in land building, preventing wash- ing away of land by waves and also affording a place of protection for soil and refuse. Thus small islands gradually increase greatly in size. The soil underneath mangrove trees usually consists of black oozy mud, and the man- grove forests are extremely repellent in appearance when seen at close hand, although when viewed from a distance they are strikingly handsome. The wood is used for fuel and for building wharfs and docks, since it is durable in water and is not attacked by the mollusk Teredo. CJavigero states that it was employed for making oars, and Oviedo states that “it is one of the best woods there is here (West Indies) for the poles of huts and timbers of houses, and for door and window frames.” The leaves and especially the bark are rich in tannin and the latter is used for tanning leather. The bark, with salts of copper or iron, yields olive, brown, and slate dyes. Of the fruit, Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. VI) states that it “is tawny and within is a marrow or heart which the Indians eat when they can find no better fruit (for it is somewhat bitter), and they say it is wholesome.” The bark has been employed as a febrifuge and to stop hemorrhages, also as a remedy for sore throat. Pittier reports that in Panama a red dye is obtained from the young shoots, 121. COMBRETACEAE. Combretum Family. Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, in some genera armed with spines; leaves opposite or alternate, entire, estipulate; flowers spicate, racemose, or capitate, bracteate, perfect or polygamo-dioecious; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes usually valvate; petals 4 or 5 or none, small; stamens as many or twice as many as the calyx lobes, inserted on the limb or base of the calyx; style simple, the stigma entire; fruit coriaceous or drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1029 Flowers in dense globose conelike heads_--------------- 1, CONOCARPUS. Flowers spicate or racemose. Leaves alternate; petals none. Calyx limb deciduous; branches unarmed______------2. TERMINALIA. Calyx limb persistent; branches usually armed with spines___3. BUCIDA, Leaves opposite; petals present. Calyx limb persistent ; fruit not winged; plants erect. 4, LAGUNCULARIA. Calyx limb deciduous; fruit broadly winged; plants scandent. 5. COMBRETUM. 1. CONOCARPUS L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753. A single species is known. 1. Conocarpus erecta L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753. On both coasts of Mexico, from Tamaulipas and southern Baja California southward. Widely distributed on tropical American shores and in western Africa. Variable in size, sometimes a prostrate shrub but usually erect, becoming a tree 20 meters high, with a trunk 80 cm. in diameter; bark dark brown, fis- sured into irregular ridges and thin scales; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, obovate to elliptic or oval, 2 to 10 em. long, obtuse or acute at each end, en- tire, leathery, glabrous or sericeous, the petiole bearing 2 glands; flowers per- fect, very small, green, in globose paniculate heads 1 cm, or less in diameter; calyx 2 mm. long; corolla none; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit a conelike head of small flat winged scalelike drupes, purplish green; wood hard, close- grained, grayish or yellowish brown, its specific gravity nearly 1.00. ‘“ Mangle negro” (Oaxaca); “ xtabché” or “xkanché” (Yucatén, Maya); “ estacha- huite” (from the Nahuatl ietac-cuahuitl, “ white-tree,” referring to the whit- ish branches, Reko); “ botoncahui ” (Sinaloa) ; “ botoncillo ” (Yucatéin, Ven- ezuela) ; “mangle” (Guerrero, Santo Domingo) ; ‘‘ mangle prieto ” (Tabasco) ; “saragoza” (Colombia, Panama) ; “mangle botoncillo” (Venezuela, Porto Rico) ; “ mangle botén ” (Porto Rico, Cuba) ; “ mangle colorado ” (Porto Rico) ; “mangle pifiuelo” (Panama); “yana * (Cuba); “ mariquito” (Costa Rica) ; “mangle torcido” (Panama). The buttonwood grows in mangrove swamps with the mangroves and Avicennia nitida. The wood is used for rafters, boats, cabinet work, and various other purposes; it is said to be durable in the soil. The leaves and bark are employed for tanning skins. The bitter bark finds use locally in medicine as an astringent and tonic. Conocarpus erecta sericea DC! is a form with densely sericeous leaves. It occurs on both coasts of Mexico with the typical glabrate form. By some authors it has been considered a distinct species, but it grades gradually into the common form. 2. TERMINALIA L. Mant. Pl. 1: 21. 1771. Trees; leaves alternate, erowded at the ends of the branches, dec‘duous, petiolate; flowers perfect or polygamous, small, green, in lax elongate spikes ; calyx tube constricted above the ovary, the limb campanulate, 5-dentate;: petals none; stamens 10; fruit ovoid, compressed or winged, 1-seeded, dru- paceous. Ovary compressed, not winged; calyx limb 2.6 mm. long_——--- 1. T. catappa. Ovary with 2 broad wings; calyx limb 1.5 mm. long or less_..._.2. T. excelsa. 1Prodr. 3: 16. 1828. 1030 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Terminalia catappa L. Mant. Pl. 2: 519. 1771. Cultivated in Mexico and perhaps naturalized; specimens seen from Sinaloa, Tepic, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Yucatin. Native of the East Indies, but gen- erally cultivated in trépical regions. Large tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters in diameter, the branches whorled, spreading; leaves obovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, rounded and abruptly pointed at apex, narrowed to the base, nearly glabrous; spikes 5 to 15 em. long, the pistillate below; fruit a woody drupe, ellipsoid or rounded, 4 to 7 em. long, compressed, 2-edged; seed 3 to 4 em. long; wood hard, close-grained, red-brown, the specific gravity about 0.70. “ Almendra” (fruit), “almendro” (tree), “almendrén” (Yucatin, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Porto Rico, Costa Rica, Philippines, El Salvador, Santo Domingo); “ almendrillo ” (Oaxaca) ; “almendra de la India” (Cuba, El Salvador). The wood of the Indian almond is a valuable source of lumber when pro- curable in sufficient quantity. The roots, bark, and fruit contain much tannin, and are employed for tanning skins. The fruit and other parts furnish a permanent black ink and dye, and in India the fruit is employed to color the teeth black. Silkworms are fed upon the leaves. The seeds contain about 50 per cent of a fixed oil. They are edible and are used like almonds; in flavor they suggest filberts. The plant is sometimes used locally in medicine because of its astringent and Supposed tonic properties. For illustrations of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: f. 13, pl. 57. 2. Terminalia excelsa Liebm. (Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 402. 1880, nomen nudum). Veracruz. Tree; leaves obovate, obtuse or acute, attenuate at base to a slender petiole, thinly sericeous when young but soon glabrate; racemes lax, 8 to 10 em. long, finely fulvous-tomentulose ; calyx lobes short, rounded or very obtuse; stamens long-exerted, the filaments glabrous; style 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous; very young fruit thinly fulvous-tomentulose. No description of this species has been published, apparently. Presumably it was based upon specimens collected at Mirador by Liebmann. The writer has seen a single flowering specimen, with immature leaves, from Zacuapan (Purpus 3800), which is probably of the same species, It appears distinct from either of the species recently described from Panama. According to Ramfrez, the tree is known in Veracruz as “ pucté.” 3. BUCIDA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1025. 1759, The genus consists of a single species. 1. Bucida buceras L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1025. 1759, Campeche; reported from Tabasco. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Panama. , Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 90 em. in diameter, the crown broad and spreading; bark gray, Scaly; branches often armed with spines 2 to 8 cm. long; leaves alternate but crowded at the ends of the branches, petiolate, obovate, oval, or elliptic, 3 to 9 em. long, rounded or retuse at apex, entire, coriaceous, sparsely sericeous when young; flowers perfect, green, in slender spikes; calyx 3 mm. long, sericeous; petals none; stamens 10, ex- serted; fruit a drupe, ovoid, 7 to 8 mm, long; wood hard, close-grained, yel- lowish brown, its specific gravity about 1.04. “Puk-té” or “ puc-té” (Cam- peche, Tabasco) ; “ Gear,” “ bicaro ” (Porto Rico) ; “ jicaro de playa ” (Cuba). The tree is said to be abundant in Some parts of the Yucatin Peninsula, and to be a valuable source of lumber. The wood is very durable and is em- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1031 ployed for posts, piling, axles, wheel hubs, and other purposes. The bark is employed for tanning. For an illustration of a tree see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 20. 4. LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 209. 1807. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 209. 1807. Conocarpus racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759. Coasts of Tamaulipas and Yucatén. Southern Florida, West Indies, Pan- ama, South America, and western Africa. Shrub or tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 80 cm. in diameter ; bark thin, reddish brown, fissured into long scales; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong to oval, 2 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex, entire, leathery, glabrous, the petiole with 2 large glands; flowers perfect or polygamous, in lax clustered spikes; calyx 5-lobate, sericeous, 2 to 3 mm. long; petals 5, suborbicular, not exceeding the calyx; stamens 10; fruit a leathery 10-ribbed reddish drupe, oblong or obovoid, 15 mm. long; vood hard, strong, dense, yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.86. “ Mangle blanco” (Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Pan- ama, Porto Rico) ; “ mangle amarillo,” “patabin” (Cuba) ; “ mangle prieto” (Santo Domingo) ; “ mangle chino” (Sinaloa). The white mangrove (known also as “ white buttonwood’’) is usually asso- ciated with Rhizophora mangle, Conocarpus erecta, and Avicennia nitida. The bark contains about 14 per cent of tannin, and is used for tanning skins. It is employed locally in medicine as an astringent and tonic. For an illus- tration of the flowers see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 43. 5, COMBRETUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 999. 1759. Seandent shrubs, sometimes armed with spines; leaves opposite, petiolate, entire: flowers polygamo-dioecious, in terete or one-sided spikes or racemes; calyx tube cylindric or angulate, constricted above the ovary, the limb cam- panulate, 4.or 5-lobate, deciduous ; petals 4 or 5, small, inserted between the calyx lobes; stamens 8 or 10, long-exserted; fruit coriaceous, longitudinally 4 to 6-winged, 1-seeded. Flowers small, the calyx limb less than 2 mm, long; spikes not secund. Calyx puberulent or tomentose; stems unarmed___------- 1. C. mexicanum. Calyx glabrous; stems armed with spines_____------------- 2. C. palmeri. Flowers large, the calyx limb 4 to 5 mm. long or larger; spikes secund. Calyx lepidote and pilosulous__~------------------------ 3. C. erianthum. Calyx merely lepidote, not pilosulous___----------------- 4, C. farinosum. 1. Combretum mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 159. pl. 1382. 1809. 2 Combretum odoratissimum Sessé & Moc. FI. Mex. 99. 1894. Guerrero to Oaxaca: type from Acapulco. Nicaragua. Large vine; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or oval-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, sweet-scented, in dense paniculate spikes; fruit 2 to 25 cm. long, puberulent, the wings 4 to 5 mm. wide. 2. Combretum palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 136. 1897. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Large vine; leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, sparsely pilosulous beneath along the nerves; spikes very lax, in large panicles; flowers white, sweet-scented; petals 2 mm. long; fruit (immature) 1.5 cm. long, glabrous. 1032 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Combretum erianthum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 73. 1840. Oaxaca and Campeche. Guatemala, the type from Retathuleu. Large vine; leaves oblong to elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, densely brownish-lepidote beneath; spikes solitary or paniculate, dense; calyx limb sometimes 1 em. long; petals 2.5 mm. leng; fruit about 2 em. long, puberulent, with broad wings. “ Bejuco de peine,” “ bejuco de toro” (Oaxaca) ; “ chupamiel,” “peine de mico” (E1 Salvador). 4. Combretum farinosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 110. 1823. Combretum argenteum Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 4: 412, 1840. Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz; type collected between Acapuleo and Venta del Ejido, Guerrero. Guatemala and El Salvador. Large vine, unarmed: leaves broadly oval to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 15 em. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, sparsely or densely lepidote beneath; spikes very thick and dense, solitary or paniculate; flowers blood-red or green- ish yellow, sweet-scented ; calyx limb often 1 em. long; petals oblong-spatulate to broadly ovate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, obtuse or acute; fruit about 2 em. long, lepidote. “Carape” or “ carapi” (Michoacfn, Guerrero) “ peinetillas ” (the spikes), ‘“ compio ” (Sinaloa) ; “angarilla ” (Durango, Patoni) ; “ peinecillo ” (Veracruz) ; “ quie-tzine ” (Oaxaca, Seler); “ abacamiel,” “abamiel” (Central America) ; “ papa-miel ” (Nicragua) ; “ chupamiel,” “ peineta,” “ chupamiel de peineta,” “ chupa-chupa” (El Salvador). The branches were formerly used for arrow shafts and are now sometimes woven into baskets. The showy flowers are full of sweet nectar. When cut, the stems yield a considerable amount of water, a fact of which advantage is taken by travelers through the forests when other water is absent. In Sinaloa the leaves are applied as a remedy for headache. In a recent account of the species of Combretum of the section Micropetalae’, Pittier has treated C. argenteum as a valid species, distinguished from C farino- sum chiefly by its broader petals. Examination of the available material shows that there is too great variation in petal shape to admit of its use as a basis of specific segregation. 122, MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family. Trees or shrubs, usually aromatic; leaves entire, opposite, pellucid-punctate or gland-dotted, estipulate; flowers perfect. regular, variously arranged, bi- bracteolate; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, or the lobes united in bud and sometimes circumscissile; petals 4 or 5 or none; stamens numerous; ovary 2 to several-celled, the style simple, the stigma capitate ; fruit baccate or drupaceous, large or small, containing 1 to many seeds. This is one of the large families in tropical America, and its representatives are easily recognized by the combination of punctate leaves, numerous stamens, and characteristic fruit. It is, however, almost impossible to distinguish the genera by the embryo characters upon which they are based, and it is extremely difficult to identify a plant of the family except by comparison with named specimens. Several species of the Australian genus Hucalyptus are grown in Mexico for ornament. They are known as “eucalipto” and “ gigante.” Eucalyptus trees grow rapidly, and for this reason they are planted in Florida and California as shade trees and as a source of lumber. As shade trees, however, they are not desirable, for their foliage is so thin and their crowns so narrow that they *Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 18: 239-246, 1917. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1033 afford little shade, while their roots spread in every direction, making it im- possible to grow other plants in their vicinity. They are not particularly handsome trees, and their only good feature is rapidity of growth. Calyx limb closed in bud or nearly so, in anthesis longitudinally cleft or cir- cumscissile. Flowers umbellate________--------- __-- _.1. CALYCORECTES. Flowers solitary, cymose, or paniculate. Calyx limb circumscissile; petals 1 or 2 or none__2. CALYPTRANTHES. Calyx limb cleft longitudinally in anthesis, or partly circumscissile but re- maining attached to the’ tube at one side; petals 4 or 5__3, PSIDIUM, Calyx limb not closed in bud, the sepals imbricate. Embryo circinate, the radicle elongate. Flowers numerous, in cymes; testa of seed thin---_-__-_--- 4, PIMENTA. Flowers solitary or rarely racemose; testa horny_----~----- 5. MYRTUS. Embryo not circinate, the cotyledons and radicle folded together, the radicle sometimes very short. Radicle very short; flowers variously arranged but not paniculate. 6. EUGENTIA. Radicle elongate; flowers in loose panicles_---------~--~--- 7. MYRCIA. 1. CALYCORECTES Berg, Linnaea 27: 317. 1854. 1, Calycorectes mexicanus Berg, Linnaea 27: 318. 1854. Type from mountains of Oaxaca. Branchlets puberulent; leaves petiolate, oblong, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse-acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers in 2 to 6-flowered umbels equaling or shorter than the petiole, the pedicels 2 mm. long, puberulent; calyx globose, apiculate, rup- turing into 4 ovate lobes; petals 4, orbicular, 2 mm. long. 2, CALYPTRANTHES Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 79. 1788. Trees or shrubs; flowers small, in axillary and terminal cymes or panicles ; calyx tube turbinate, the limb closed in bud, in anthesis circumscissile and deciduous; petals 1 or 2 or none; fruit baccate, 2 or 3-celled, usually 1 or 2-seeded. The flower buds of the Brazilian C. aromatica St. Hil. are used as a spice. Leaves sessile, cordate at base_---- -------------- 1. C. karwinskyana. Leaves petiolate, rounded to acute at base. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10 to 12.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide. 2. C. lindeniana. Leaves lanceolate to oval. Leaves rounded at base, the petioles very short and thick. 3. C. euryphylla. Leaves acute or obtuse at base, the petioles comparatively long and slender. Leaves obtuse_ woo += = === 4, C. zuzygium. Leaves acuminate. Buds glabrous; flowers mostly pedicellate.-_____--- 5. C. schiedeana. Buds sericeous; flowers sessile_- 6. C. pendula. 1, Calyptranthes karwinskyana Berg, Linnaea 29: 214. 1857. Known only from the type locality, ‘“ Mesa Chica,” southern Mexico. Glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-oblong, 9 to 11.5 cm. long, 3.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, clasping at base; cymes equaling the leaves, the flowers in clusters of 3 or 5, sessile, the buds 4 mm. long; petals none. 1034 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Calyptranthes lindeniana Berg, Linnaea 29: 213. 1857. Known only from the type locality, Rfo Teapa, Tabasco. Branchlets strigose-sericeous; petioles 4 mm. long; leaves narrowed to each end, pilosulous or glabrate; cymes half as long as the leaves, strigose-sericeous ; buds 3 mm. long; petals none. 3. Calyptranthes euryphylla Standl., sp. noy, Type from Catemaco, Veracruz (Nelson 421; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569276). Branches terete, gray, glabrous; petioles very stout, 2.5 mm. long or shorter: leaf blades ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oval, 3.5 to 6.5 em. long, 1.8 to 4 em. wide, rounded at base, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, with obtuse tip, coriaceous, when young minutely strigillose beneath but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves slender but conspicuous on both surfaces, numerous; cymes equaling or longer than the leaves, strigillose or glabrate, the flowers sessile; fruit didymous- globose, about 6 mm. long and 7 mm. broad, 2-celled, 2-seeded. 4. Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 79. 1788. Myrtus zuzygium L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1056. 1759. Michoaciin and Tres Marfas Islands. Florida and Greater Antilles. Tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, elliptic- oblong to obovate-elliptic, 3.5 to 7 em. long, acute at base, coriaceous; cymes equaling or longer than the leaves, glabrous or nearly so, the flowers mostly pedicellate; petals none; fruit subglobose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. 5. Calyptranthes schiedeana Berg, Linnaea 27: 28. 1854. Myrcia aromatica Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 415. 1839. Not Calyptranthes aromatica St. Hil. 1828. Calyptranthes schlechtendaliana Berg, Linnaea 27: 29. 1854. Veracruz, the type from Hacienda de la Laguna. Reported from Panama. Tree or shrub, glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic to lance-oblong, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, acute or obtuse at base; cymes shorter than the leaves, many-flowered; fruit globose, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, 1 to 5-seeded. G. Calyptranthes pendula Berg, Linnaea 27: 21. 1854. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high or larger; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 5 to 11 em. long, acuminate, in age glabrous or nearly so; cymes about as long as the leaves, the flowers glomerate, sessile; buds about 2 mm. long; petals 1 or 2. Closely related to C. chytraculia (L.) Swartz, of the West Indies, and per- haps not distinct. 3. PSIDIUM L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753. Trees or shrubs; flowers usually large, the peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flow- ered; calyx tube campanulate or urceolate, the limb 4 or d-lobate, the lobes partly or wholly united before anthesis; petals 4 or 5, spreading, white; fruit baccate, globose or pyriform, commonly 4 or 5-celled, usually large. Calyx limb at anthesis circumscissile, but remaining attached to the tube on one side. Leaves 1.2 to 4 cm. long, ovate__..----- 1. P. sartorianum. Leaves 5.5 to 15 em. long, oblong or elliptic-oblong__2. P. friedrichsthalianum. Calyx limb at or before anthesis splitting vertically into lobes. Calyx open in bud; leaves small, 6.5 cm. long or less, sessile or subsessile. 3. P. oerstedianum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1035 Calyx closed in bud; leaves usually much larger or, if small, conspic- uously petiolate. Lateral nerves of the leaves usually 12 or more, parallel, approximate, im- pressed above; leaves mostly oblong and rounded or subcordate at base, pale beneath, the pubescence minute, whitish, usually appressed. 4. P. guajava. Lateral nerves few, 7 to 10, rarely 12, remote, curved, not impressed above ; leaves mostly elliptic or oblong-elliptic and often narrowed at base, never pale beneath, the pubescence spreading and often long, commonly brown or fulvous --- ---------- + +--+ +--+ 5. P. molle. 1. Psidium sartorianum (Berg) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 37: 69. 1893. Mitranthes sartoriana Berg, Linnaea 29: 248. 1857. Tepic to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatéin; type from Mirador, Veracruz. Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, the bark gray, smooth; leaves petio- late, ovate or broadly ovate, acuminate or abruptly acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, glabrous, the lateral nerves obsolete or nearly so; peduncles axillary, slender, 1-flowered, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; buds glabrous; fruit subglobose, 1.2 to 2 cm. in diameter, greenish yellow, containing several seeds. “ Pichiché” (Yuca- tin, Maya); “arrayfin” (Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Durango) ; “ guayabillo ” (Guerrero, El Salvador). This tree is often planted for its fruit and as an ornamental tree. The fruit is juicy and has a rich spicy subacid flavor. It is employed chiefly in making refreshing drinks, and is used either fresh or dried. The bark is em- ployed for tanning, and the leaves are reputed to have tonic and astringent properties. This species has been mentioned in literature as Myrtus arrayan H. B. K., an error for which Sereno Watson? seems to have been responsible. He had little ground for such an identification, except the fact that the vernacular name “arrayain” was applied to both species. Myrtus arrayan is a Peruvian species, and Watson evidently believed that it had been introduced into Mexico from South America. Some Mexican writers have been so ignorant of the sig- nificance of the name arrayfn that they have suggested that it might be of Carib origin. It is, however, the name applied in Spain to one of the forms of Myrtus communis, consequently it is not surprising to find it applied in widely separated localities of America to other Myrtaceous plants. 2. Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Berg) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. 37: 69. 1893. Calyptropsidium friedrichsthalianum Berg, Linnaea 27: 350. 1854. Oaxaca. Guatemala; cultivated in El Salvador. Tree, 9 meters high, the branchlets quadrangular, glabrate; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; leaves thin, acuminate, acute at base, lustrous, nearly glabrous; peduncles slender, 1-flowered, 3.5 cm. long or less; buds glabrous, cuspidate ; petals 5, suborbicular or oval, 8 to 14 mm. long; fruit oval or globose, yellow. “Guayaba montés” (Oaxaca); “arrayain” (El Salvador). 3. Psidium oerstedianum Berg, Linnaea 27: 360. 1854. Tepic to Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala and Costa Rica; type from Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Leaves oval-oblong, ovate-elliptic, or oval, acute to rounded at apex, rounded at base, coriaceous, when young usually gray-tomentulose beneath but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves few, not impressed above; peduncles slender, 1- flowered: buds tomentulose or glabrate; petals 5. 1Proe, Amer. Acad. 22: 412. 1887. 1086 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4, Psidium guajava L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753. Psidium pyriferum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 672. 1762. Psidium pomiferum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 672, 1762. Widely distributed in Mexico, in the southern part probably native, but in places probably only naturalized; frequent in cultivation. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Central and South America; cultivated in the Old World and in many places thoroughly naturalized. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 80 cm. in diameter; bark scaly, reddish; branchlets quadrangular, tomentulose; leaves short-petio- late, 5 to 15 cm.. long, acute or obtuse, the upper surface tomentulose when young but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves very conspicuous beneath; pe- duncles 1 to 3-flowered; buds tomentulose or glabrate; petals 4 or 5, white, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit globose or pyriform, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, yellow or pinkish; wood hard, strong, elastic, close-grained, brownish or reddish gray, its specific gravity about 0.69. Known generally as “guayaba” (the fruit) and “ guayabo,” words of Antillean origin. The following additional names are reported, some of them relating to horticultural varieties: “ Jalo- cote” (from the Nahuatl ral-rocotl, sand sour fruit) ; “ guayabo de venado” (Colima; a wild form); “pichf” (Yucatin, Maya); “guayaba de China”; “guayaba colorada”; “guayaba peruana”; “ guayaba perulera ” (form with pyriform fruit); “guayaba de gusano” (Nicaragua); “guayaba manzano” (Colombia) ; “posh,” “ posh-keip” (Mixe, Belmar; former the fruit, latter the plant); “enandi” (Tarascan, Leén); “ poos,” “poos-cuy” (fruit and tree; Zoque, Gonzales) ; “ bayabas” (Philippines, a Tagalog corruption of the word guayaba). The name Psidium pomiferum relates to the form with globose fruit; P. pyriferum to that with pyriform fruit. The guava is one of the most widely known of tropical fruits, and by many persons it is highly esteemed. The fruit varies greatly in size; the flesh is whitish, yellowish, or pink, full of large seeds, of sweetish or some- what acid flavor. It has a remarkably strong, musky odor, which is penetrat- ing and persistent. The fruit is rather insipid when raw, and it is more commonly eaten cooked, stewed or made into jelly, paste, preserves, and confections. Guava jelly, particularly, is a noted delicacy. Another species, P. cattleianum Sabine, the strawberry guava, a native of Brazil, with glabrous leaves, bears superior fruit, in flavor suggesting a strawberry. It is grown in the United States and perhaps also in parts of Mexico. In the warmer parts of Mexico and Central America guava bushes often form dense thickets of considerable extent, which are known as “ guayabales.” The seeds germinate readily, and are spread largely by domestic animals. The plants possess great vitality and behave like weeds. Many Mexican localities are noted for the guavas produced there, and the term “ Guayabero” is some- times applied to the natives of Cuernavaca, because of the abundance of guavas in the vicinity. The wood is said to take a good polish and to be durable when in contact with the soil, but the trees are usually too small for use. The bark is some- times employed for tanning. A decoction of the buds is a local remedy in Mexico for diarrhea; the leaves are reputed to be a remedy for itch; and a decoction of the astringent bark is applied to ulcers and taken internally for pains in the stomach. Guavas are mentioned by all the early writers, as, for instance, Hernandez? and Acosta. The latter writer, with his customary pessimism, says: “It is * Thesaurus 84-85. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1037 a tree which is held in low esteem on the mainland and in the islands, for they say it smells like bugs. The flavor of the fruit is very ordinary and the flesh unwholesome.” 5. Psidium molle Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 4: 44. 1840. Psidium schiedeanum Berg, Linnaea 27: 368. 1854. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America, the type from Guate- mala. Shrub or small tree, often less than a meter high; leaves petiolate, variable in form, obovate-oblong to elliptic or rounded-obovate, 5 to 12 em. long or larger, rounded at apex or acute, usually narrowed to the base, tomentulose above when young but later glabrate, brownish-tomentose beneath, the pu- bescence sometimes scant in age; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered; buds usually tomentose, sometimes glabrate; petals white, about 1 cm. long; fruit globose, about 2.5 em. in diameter, pale yellow, with whitish pulp. ‘‘ Guayaba agria” (Jalisco) ; “ giifsaro” (Costa Rica) ; ‘“ guayabillo” (El Salvador). The fruit is very acid and not particularly agreeable. The specimens re- ferred here are variable in leaf characters, and it is not improbable that they represent two or more species. On the other hand, it is doubtful whether P. molie is distinct from P. araca Raddi, a Brazilian species. Some of the Mexican and Central American material has been referred to the latter. 4, PIMENTA Lindl. Coll. Bot. pl. 19. 1821-25. 1. Pimenta officinalis Lindl. Coll. Bot. pl, 19. 1821-25. Myrtus pimenta L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753. Myrtus tabasco Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 542. 1830. Pimenta officinalis tabasco Berg, Linnaea 27: 425. 1854. Pimenta pimenta Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 95. 1892. Myritus piperita Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 136. 1894. Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and probably elsewhere. Central America, West Indies, and northern South America. Tree, 9 to 12 meters high, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves petiolate, oblong to Oval-oblong, 9 to 20 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, obtuse or acute at base, coriaceous, when young sparsely puberulent but soon glabrous; flowers in short, axillary or subterminal cymes, sericeous; buds about 2 mm. long; sepals 4, minute; petals 4, rounded; fruit baccate, 1 or 2-celled, 1 or 2- seeded, globose, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter. “ Pimiento” (Oaxaca); “ pimienta gorda” (Tabasco, Oaxaca, El Salvador, Guatemala); “ pimienta de Tabasco” (Tabasco, Oaxaca); “pimentén” (Tabasco); ‘ xocoxochitl” (Nahuatl) ; “malagueta” (Tabasco); “pimiento oloroso” (Nicaragua); ‘“ Jamaica ” (Costa Rica). It is this tree which furnishes the allspice of commerce, and the tree is culvated for this reason, chiefly in Jamaica. Allspice is the unripe fruit, dried in the sun. The ripe fruit is blackish brown and very odorous. It contains an essential oil. The fruit is used in domestic medicine as a stimu- lant, and it is said to be smoked like tobacco in some regions. The leaves, either fresh or dried, have a strong, spicy, very agreeable odor. The tree is described by Hernéndez.1 1Thesaurus 30. 1651. TIGBR8—24-——-13, 1038 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. MYRTUS L. Sp. Pl. 471. 1753. Shrubs or trees; peduncles usually axillary and 1-flowered, with 2 bractlets at apex; flowers 4 or 5-parted; calyx tube turbinate, the lobes imbricate ; petals spreading; fruit baccate, containing 1 or 2 or several seeds. The Mexican species are difficult to distinguish from those of Eugenia, but the Mexican representatives of the latter genus usually have larger leaves and fasciculate flowers. The common myrtle of southern Europe and western Asia, Myrtus communis L. (“mirto”) is said to be cultivated oe- casionally in Mexico. . Wreaths of its branches were worn by the Athenian magistrates and by victors in the Olympic games, Flowers fasciculate or racemose; leaves oblong-linear________ 1. M. oaxacana. Flowers solitary; leaves lanceolate or broader. Calyx lobes suborbicular, rounded at apex. Leaves obtuse, glabrous__-_--_-_-___.____. 2. M. ehrenbergii. Teaves acute, strigillose beneath... 3. M. ledophylla. Calyx lobes deltoid or lanceolate, acute or acutish. Jalyx lobes deltoid; petals 6 mm. long_______ 4. M. berlandiereana. Calyx lobes lance-oblong; petals 3 to 4 mm. long__-_____ 5. M. montana. 1. Myrtus oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Juchitfin and Chivela, Oaxaca (Nelson 2681; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 566319). Branches terete, grayish, glabrous, densely leafy; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-linear or lance-linear, 14 to 40 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, acute at base, glabrous, densely gland-dotted, the lateral nerves evident, the margins thickened; flowers partly fasciculate in the axils and partly in few- flowered racemes, the pedicels slender, 3 to 5 mm. long; bractlets minute; calyx 1 to 1.5 mm. long, glabrous, gland-dotted, the 4 lobes semiorbicular, shorter than the tube; petals glabrous, eciliate, 2.5 mm. long. The plant is very unlike the other Mexican species of the genus, and it is not at all certain that it is properly referable to M yrtus. In general appear- ance, however, it bears more resemblance to some of the South American species of this genus than to any other Myrtaceous plant seen by the writer. 2. Myrtus ehrenbergii Berg, Linnaea 27: 404, 1854. San Luis Potosf and perhaps elsewhere, the type collected somewhere in southern Mexico by Ehrenberg. Branchlets puberulent: leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 1 to 2.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base, bright green; pedicels 5 to 14 mm. long, the bractlets minute; petals rounded, ciliolate; fruit 10 mm. long, con- taining 1 or several seeds. ‘“Arrayfén” (Ramirez). The aromatic and astringent leaves are said to be used as a tonic. 3. Myrtus ledophylla Standl., sp. nov. Veracruz; type from San Martfn, Zacuapan (Purpus 7804; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 877551). Branchlets minutely hirtellous; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 1 to 4.5 em. long, 0.5 to 1.4 em. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, obtuse at base, subcoriaceous, sericeous-strigillose beneath or on both surfaces or finally glabrate, paler beneath, the margins strongly revolute; pedi- cels solitary, 8 to 15 mm. long, the bractlets rounded-ovate; calyx 3 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes semiorbicular; petals ciliolate; fruit 6 mm. long or larger, 1-seeded. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1039 4. Myrtus berlandiereana Berg, Linnaea 27: 403, 1854. Described from Mexico, the locality not known, but probably in Veracruz, Tamaulipas, or San Luis Potosf. Branchlets puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, crowded, rigid, oblong-lanceo- late, 1 to 2 em. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, acute, obtuse at base, pubescent beneath when young; pedicels 12 mm. long, the bractlets subulate, 1.5 mm. long; calyx lobes 5, ciliolate, 2 mm. long; petals oval. 5. Myrtus montana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840. Ugni montana Berg, Linnaea 27: 392. 1854, Mountains of Oaxaca; type from Monte Pelado, altitude 2,100 meters. Densely branched shrub, the branchlets covered with short stout white hairs; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 8 to 13 mm. long, acute or obtuse, acute at base, coriaceous, strigose beneath along the costa or glabrous, pale be- neath, the margins revolute; pedicels recurved, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the bractlets linear, 2 to 4 mm. leng; calyx lobes 5, 1.5 mm. long. Mexican material has been referred to M. friedrichsthalii (Berg) Donn. Smith, a species occurring in Guatemala, which is probably not distinct from M. montana. The latter name, however, is the older one. 6. EUGENIA L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753. Shrubs or trees; inflorescence racemose, cymose, corymbose, or fasciculate, or the flowers rarely solitary; calyx tube globose or turbinate, the limb usually 4-lobate, the lobes imbricate, commonly suborbicular; petals 4, spreading, white; ovary 2-celled; fruit drupaceous or baccate, containing 1 or few seeds. This is the largest genus of the family Myrtaceae, including probably 500 species in tropical America. The species are most abundant in the West Indies and South America. In Mexico and Central America there are comparatively few species, but it is likely that the number will be greatly increased by further exploration. Probably the number represented among the Mexican collections available for study is greater than in the following list. Several plants of which specimens have been seen probably belong to distinct species, but it is not advisable to attempt to describe them until more ample material has been collected. The fruit of most of the species is edible, but the amount of flesh is usually secant, and the seeds large. Hugenia uniflora L., the Surinam cherry, known in Brazil as “ pitanga,” is cultivated in Florida, the West Indies, and South America for its edible fruit. This is as much as 2.5 cm. in diameter, deep crimson, juicy, and of good flavor. It is known in Cuba as “ cerezo de Cayena ” and in El Salvador as “ guinda.” Calyx about 1.5 em. wide_-----------~-~----~---~----~------~- 1. E, jambos, Calyx 1 em. wide or usually much less. Leaves shallowly cordate at base____---__---_-_-----__--- 2. E. trunciflora. Leaves obtuse or acute at base or rarely rounded. Flowers in cymes, the central flower sessile, or the pedicels sometimes solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils, the inflorescence then with- out a rachis, Leaves long-acuminate; pedicels filiform— ____________-_ 3. E. conzattii. Leaves rounded to short-acuminate at apex; pedicels stout. Flowers in cymes____--------------------~----_--_- 4. E. fragrans. Flowers fasciculate____--------------_-____--___--- 5. E. rhombea. Flowers never in cymes, usually in short or elongate racemes, most or all of the inflorescences with an evident rachis. 1040 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves pilosulous or at least with spreading pubescence on one or both surfaces, the pubescence sometimes chiefly confined to the costa. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Leaves 2 to 3 cm. long, very acute at base________ 6. E. mayana. Leaves 3.5 to 8 cm. long, very obtuse at base______ 7. E. sinaloae. Leaves acute or acuminate__ - 8. E. origanoides. Leaves glabrous, or sometimes sericeous-strigillose or tomentose, the pubescence, if any, appressed or closely matted. Inflorescence densely sericeous or tomentose; leaves often covered be- neath with pale sericeous pubescence. Leaves narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, rounded at apex. 9. E, avicenniae. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic or obovate, or broader, rarely oblong but then acuminate. Leaves soon glabrous beneath. Leaves elliptic or oval, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide____10. E. oaxacana. Leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, 1.8 to 2 cm. wide. 11. E. inconspicua. Leaves tomentulose or sericeous beneath at maturity. Leaves tomentulose beneath with matted hairs 12, E. tomentulosa. Leaves sericeous with very close, straight hairs. Leaves acute or obtuse-acuminate. Leaves elliptic or broadly elliptic_.13. E. guatemalensis. Leaves oblong___----__-_____-_____ 14, E. karwinskyana. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex. Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, cuneate-obovate__15. E. rekoi. Leaves 4 to 6.5 cm wide, rounded or obovate-rounded. 16. E. hypargyrea. Inflorescence glabrous, puberulent, or minutely hirtellous, never sericeous or tomentose; leaves usually quite glabrous, never sericeous or tomentose. Fruit small, 2.5 to 4 mm. long. Leaves very obtuse or rounded at apex, 1 to 2.2 cm. long. 17. E, liebmannii. Leaves attenuate or acuminate at apex, most of them 3 ecm. long or larger ._----.-----------------------_--- 18. E. capuli. Fruit large, 6 to 10 mm. long or longer. Buds 4 to 5 mm. in diameter__________________ 19. E. mexicana. Buds less than 3 mm. in diameter. Calyx lobes deltoid, acute or acutish. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex_____________- 20. E, deltoidea, Calyx lobes suborbicular, rounded at apex. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4.5 to 6.5 em. long, 6 to 9 mm, wide. 21. E. lindeniana. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic. Leaves deep green above, much paler beneath. 22. E. xalapensis. Leaves concolorous or nearly so. Leaves small, mostly 3 to 4.5 cm. long, turning black when dry- ----_______--_-----__--- 23. E. axillaris. Leaves large, mostly 6 to 10 cm. long, not turning black when dried_-_---------------- 24. E. acapulcensis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1041 1. Eugenia jambos L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753. Jambosa vulgaris DC. Prodr. 3: 286. 1828. Jambosa jambos Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 80. 1900. Cultivated in Guerrero, Veracruz, Tabasco, and doubtless elsewhere; prob- ably naturalized locally. Native of southeastern Asia and Australia, but wide- ly cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions. Glabrous tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate, 12 to 20 cm. long, long-attenuate, coriaceous; flowers greenish white, sweet- scented, in few-flowered terminal cymes, the petals 1.5 to 2 cm, long; stamens very numerous, 3 to 4 cm. long; fruit pyriform or subglobose, 3 to 5 em. thick, white or yellowish, tinged with pink. “ Pomarosa” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, El Salvador, Guerrero, Porto Rico) ; “ manzana rosa ” (El Salvador). The rose-apple is cultivated for its fruit, which is fragrant like roses. The fruit is sweet and insipid; it is used locally for making preserves and con- fectionery. In some parts of the American tropics the tree has become thor- oughly naturalized. In Porto Rico the branches are employed for hoops of sugar casks and for coarse baskets. The pulverized seeds are employed in El Salvador as a remedy for diabetes, and the wood is used for fuel. The tree is a handsome one for ornamental planting. 2. Eugenia trunciflora (Schlecht. & Cham.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 223. 1854. Myrtus trunciflora Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 561. 1830. Veracruz; type material collected between Mesa Chica and Malpique, and at Papantla. El Salvador. Branchlets pilose or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 12 to 25 cm. long, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate, coriaceous, minutely pilosulous be- neath or glabrate, lustrous above; pedicels fasciculate on the old branches, the pedicels 8 to 15 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. wide, the lobes rounded, ciliate. “Icaco” (EI Salvador). The writer has referred here two specimens from Zacuapan, Veracruz (Purpus 2434 and 7663). These differ from the original description in hav- ing pubescent leaves, and they may be specifically distinct. 8. Eugenia conzattii Standl., sp. nov. San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; type from Apango, Dis- trito de Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters (Conzatti, Reko & Makrinius 8113; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 763841). Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout ; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, 5 to 8.5 em. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate or long-acuminate, with acute or obtuse tip, acute or obtuse at base, thin; pedicels sometimes fasciculate but most of the flowers in long- pedunculate 8-flowered cymes, the central flower usually sessile, the lateral ones filiform-pedicellate; calyx about 8 mm. broad, the lobes rounded, ciliate; fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. long, j-seeded. “ Yagalin” (Oaxaca, Reko). Galeotti 2882 and 2887 from Oaxaca belong here, also Palmer 148 from San Luis Potosf, and probably Rovirosa 510 from Tabasco. The specimens from eastern Mexico have wider leaves than those from Guerrero and Oaxaca, but probably all are conspecific. Upon the same plant some of the flowers are solitary and others cymose. The fruit is said to be edible. 4, Eugenia fragrans (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 964. 1800. Myrtus fragrans Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 79. 1788. Anamomis fragrans Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 240. 1860. Tepic, Durango, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. West Indies. Shrub or tree; leaves elliptic-oblong to obovate or elliptic, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at apex. sometimes acutish or emargi- 1042 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. nate, acute or obtuse at base, coriaceous, glabrous; cymes 3 to several-flowered, or some of the peduncles rarely 1-flowered, the peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves; calyx 5 to 7 mm. broad, the tube strigillose, the lobes rounded, ciliate; petals white: fruit globose, 8 mm. long or larger, containing 2 or more seeds. ‘“Guayabillo,” “ pimientilla ” (Tamaulipas). Palmer reports that this is a tree with compact crown, very thin, smooth, whitish bark, and fragrant flowers. The wood is used for building huts and for other purposes. 5. Eugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urb. Bot. Jahrb. Kingler 19: 644, 1895. Eugenia foetida rhombea Berg, Linnaea 27: 212, 1854. Veracruz. Southern Florida and West Indies; type from Florida. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 ecm. in diameter ; bark thin, smooth, light gray or reddish gray; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, coria- ceous, pale, glabrous; pedicels fasciculate, 8 to 15 mm. long; calyx about § mm. wide, glabrous; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, orange, reddish, or black, with thin dry flesh. Known in Florida and the British West Indies as “red stopper” and * spiceberry.” 6. Eugenia mayana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Izamal, Yucatin (Gaumer 714; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 571749). Branches terete, gray, densely puberulent when young; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate or obovate, 2 to 3 em. long, rounded or very obtuse at apex, cuneate-attenuate at base, thin, puberulent, especially on the upper surface, paler beneath, the margins revolute; flowers in dense axillary and lateral glomerules, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long, puberulent, the bractlets minute, rounded ; calyx about 1 mm. broad, puberulent, the 4 lobes oval, obtuse; petals about 2 mm. long. 7. Evgenia sinaloae Standl. sp. nov. Sinaloa; type from Guadalupe (Rose, Standley & Russell 14793; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 637673). Shrub or small tree, the branches terete, gray, the young ones brown, densely pilosulous: leaves short-petiolate, oval or oval-obovate, 3.5 to 8 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, minutely pilosulous at first but sometimes glabrate in age, the margins plane; flowers glomerate, but the inflorescence with a very short puberulent rachis; fruit sessile or nearly so, red, 7 to 8 mm. in diameter, 1l-seeded. “ Guayabillo.” The leaves are said to be used as a remedy for bronchitis. 8. Eugenia origanoides Berg, Linnaea 29: 229. 1857. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets fulvous-hirtellous ; leaves short-petiolate, broadly elliptic to narrowly elliptic-oblong, 5 to 10.5 em. long, 2 to 5.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at base, rather thin, deep green above, paler beneath, finely hirtellous or pilosulous, in age glabrate; flowers white, sweet-scented, densely glomerate; fruit 6 mm. in diam- eter or larger, red or black, 1 or 2-seeded. “Exscobillo ” (Tabasco) ; “ capulin ” (Veracruz; the fruit). Palmer reports that the edible fruit, which is borne in great profusion, is sold in large quantities in the market at Tampico. The flowers are much frequented by bees. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1043 9. Eugenia avicenniae Standl., sp. nov. Vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero (type, Palmer 57; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 266797). Slender shrub, the branches terete, gray, strigillose when young; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. long, 0.7 to 2.3 cm. wide, rounded at apex, slightly narrowed to the obtuse base, coriaceous, thinly strigillose or glabrate; flowers racemose, the racemes half as long as the leaves, 4 or 5-flowered, the pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long, fulvous- sericeous, the bractlets linear, 2 mm. long; calyx 6 to 7 mm. broad, fulvous- sericeous, the lobes rounded ; fruit 1 cm. long. “ Capulin.” Palmer 358 from Acapulco belongs to this species. 10. Eugenia oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Oaxaca and perhaps in Morelos; type from San Geronimo, Oaxaca (Purpus 7139; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567463). Tree, 6 meters high, the branches terete, grayish, densely brownish-strigillose when young; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long, broadly elliptic or oval, 3 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and base, thin, bright green, subconcolorous, glabrous in age; flowers chiefly in elongate racemes (2 to 3.5 em. long) but partly solitary, the pedicels stout, 2 to 8 mm. long, brownish- strigillose, the bractlets minute, lance-acuminate, caducous; calyx 7 mm. broad, brownish-sericeous, the lobes broadly rounded, ciliate. Pringle 7234, from Cuernavaca, is probably referable to this species. 11. Eugenia inconspicua Standl., sp. nov. Type from Culiacin, Sinaloa (Palmer 1786; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 567797). Branches terete, gray, cinereous-strigillose when young ; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 1.3 to 2 ecm. wide, narrowed to the obtuse apex, acute or attenuate at base, thin, subcon- colorous, glabrous, at least in age; inflorescence short-racemose, the rachis 2 to 4 mm. long, the fruiting pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long, whitish-strigillose, the bractlets lance-deltoid, acute, 1.5 mm. long; calyx about 7 mm. broad, the 4 lobes rounded, minutely sericeous ; fruit subglobose, 8 mm. long or larger, glabrate. 12. Eugenia tomentulosa Standl., sp. nov. Type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1476; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300313). Branches terete, gray, the young ones densely grayish-tomentose ; petioles very stout, 3 to 9 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or obovate, 6.5 to 11.5 em. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, obtuse, acute or obtuse at base, coriaceous, opaque, when young densely tomentose on both surfaces, in age glabrate, the venation prominent and reticulate beneath; inflorescence racemose, the racemes 3 to 5-flowered, pedunculate, 3 to 4 cm. long, the pedicels stout, 2 to 5 mm. long, .tomentose, the bractlets subulate, caducous; calyx 7 to 10 mm. broad, tomen- tose, the 4 lobes rounded. 13. Eugenia guatemalensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 245. 1897. Sinaloa to Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Santa Rosa, Guatemala. Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, mostly elliptic, 3.5 to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. wide, shortly obtuse-acuminate, acute to very obtuse at base, finely sericeous when young, in age usually glabrate above; flowers in short, dense or lax racemes, or glomerate; calyx about 5 mm. broad, sericeous; fruit oval, 8 to 14 mm. long, black at maturity, 1-seeded. *Guayabillo” (Sinaloa) ; “capulin ” (Guerrero) ; “ guacuco ” (El Salvador). 1044. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The wood is used in Sinaloa for fence posts. It is not at all certain that all the specimens referred here are conspecific, but without more ample ma- terial (eight sheets have been Seen) it does not seem advisable to attempt any segregations. 14, Eugenia karwinskyana Berg, Linnaea 29: 244. 1857. Type from river banks near Huejutla, Hidalgo. Branchlets Silvery-sericeous; leaves oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3.5 em, wide, acuininate, acute at base, thin, silvery-sericeous when young, glabrate in age; racemes 2 to 5 em. long, 6 to 24-flowered ; sepals 4, 1 mm. long; fruit depressed-globose, 6 mm. in diameter. The writer has seen no specimens which agree with the original description. 15, Eugenia rekoi Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cafetal Apango, Cerro Huatulco, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters (Reko 3356; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842489), Branchlets brownish, strigillose when young; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long; leaf blades mostly cuneate-obovate, 4.5 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, rounded or very obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, chartaceous, paler beneath, very minutely strigillose, glabrate in age; flowers glomerate or in very short racemes with nearly obsolete rachis, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long, brown- sericeous; calyx lobes rounded, brown-sericeous. 16. Eugenia hypargyrea Standl., sp. nov. Type from Ternera, Zacuapan, Veracruz (Purpus 6171; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 464686). Branches brown or gray, the young ones compressed, sericeous; petioles very stout, 5 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades suborbicular to rounded-obovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 6.5 em. wide, broadly rounded at apex, subacute to very obtuse at base, coriaceous, green and glabrous above, densely covered be- neath with minute whitish sericeous pubescence; flowers fasciculate or short- racemose, the pedicels stout, 3 to 6 mm. long; fruit globose-oval, about 1 cm. long, 1-seeded. 17. Eugenia liebmannii Standl., sp. nov. Type from Villa Alta, Oaxaca (Liebmann 3969; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 1012959). Branches slender, terete, grayish, the young ones brownish, compressed, minutely puberulent; petioles 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or el- liptic, 1 to 2.2 em. long, 0.7 to 1.2 em. wide, rounded or very obtuse at apex, obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, deep green above, paler beneath and black- punctate; flowers fasciculate or racemulose, the rachis of the raceme 3 mm. long or less; pedicels very slender, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, puberulent, the bractlets minute, rounded; fruit depressed-globose, 5 mm. broad, 4 mm. long, 1-seeded. 18. Eugenia capuli (Schlecht. & Cham.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 238. 1854. Myrtus capuli Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 561. 1830. Hugenia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 418. 1839. Eugenia capuli micrantha Berg, Linnaea 27: 289, 1854. Eugenia capuli macroterantha Berg, Linnaea 27: 239. 1854. ?Hugenia calycorectoides Berg, Linnaea 29: 236. 1857. Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, with slender branches and dense crown ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, mostly 3 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse- acuminate, acute at base, dark green, usually glabrous; flowers fasciculate STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1045 or in very short racemes, slender-pedicellate, the pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter, red turning black. ‘“ Capulfn” (Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); “ yagalan ” (Oaxaca, Conzatti). The fruit is edible, but the pulp is very scant. The wood is useful only for fuel. 19. Eugenia mexicana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 603. 1840. Eugenia macrocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 560. 1830. Not H. macrocarpa Roxb. 1814. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Shrub or small tree, 45 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic, 6 to 8.5 em. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, abruptly obtuse- acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, bright green above, paler yellow-green beneath, thin; racemes short and dense, 4 to 8flowered, about equaling the petiole, the flowers subsessile ; flowers about 8 mm. broad; fruit 1-seeded. 20. Eugenia deltoidea Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between San Marcos and Copala, Guerrero, altitude 6U to 150 meters (Nelson 2292; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569295). Branches terete, gray, the young ones compressed, brownish, glabrous ; petioles slender, 4 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-oblong to oval-elliptic, 5 to 6 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, very obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous, brownish beneath when dry and densely black-puncticulate; inflorescence racemulose, dense, 1.5 cm. long or less, the racemes with 10 or fewer flowers, the pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long, glabrous ; bractlets deltoid or rounded-deltoid, acute or obtuse; calyx 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the lobes deltoid, acute to subobtuse, ciliolate; petals densely puncticulate. 21. Eugenia lindeniana Berg, Linnaea 29: 240. 1857. Type from Teapa, Tabasco. Branchlets minutely puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate to each end, subobtuse at apex, thin, when young puberulent along the costa but soon glabrous; racemes slender, 4 to 6-flowered, about as long as the petiole, the pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, puberulent. Known to the writer only from the original description. 22, Eugenia xalapensis (H. B. K.) DC. Prodr. 3: 276. 1828. Myrtus zalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 145. 1823. Veracruz; reported from Oaxaca ; type from Jalapa. . Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, narrowly or broadly elliptic, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, 13 to 3 cm. wide, abruptly obtuse-acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, dark green above, pale yel- lowish green beneath; racemes 3 to 9-flowered, short and dense, the pedicels 1.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 8 to 14 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Reyén ” (Oaxaca, Conzatit). 23. Eugenia axillaris (Swartz) Willd. Sp. PL 2: 970. 1800. Myrtus azillaris Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 78. 1788. Veracruz and Yucatén. Southern Florida; West Indies and Central America. Shrub, or sometimes a tree 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter ; bark thin, light brown, shallowly fissured; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rather long-petiolate, obtuse or acutish, acute or obtuse at base, glabrous; flowers in small dense clusters as long as the petioles or shorter ; corolla 3 to 4 mm. broad; fruit globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, the thin flesh sweet, aro- 79688—24——__14 1046 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. matic; wood hard, strong, close-grained, brown or reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.91. “ Guayacin negro,” “escobo” (El Salvador). Known in Florida as “white stopper.” The leaves have an unpleasant odor. The Mexican material may be different from that of the West Indies. 24. Eugenia acapulcensis Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 601. 1840. Myrtus maritima H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 146. 1823. Eugenia maritima DC. Prodr. 8: 282, 1828. Not E. maritima DC. Prodr. 3: 227. 1828. ?Hugenia colipensis Berg, Linnaea 29: 243. 1857. Sinaloa to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. The type of E. colipensis is from Colipa, Veracruz. Shrub or tree, 3 to 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to el- liptic-oblong or oval-elliptic, acute or obtuse, rarely obtuse-acuminate, acute to rounded at base, glabrous, brownish beneath when dry; flowers white, race- mulose, the racemes about as long as the petioles, dense, the pedicels glabrous or puberulent; fruit red or black, usually oval, 8 to 15 mm. long. “ Capulin ” (Guerrero). The edible fruit is sold in the markets. The material referred here is rather variable and may represent two or more species. 7. MYRCIA DC.; Guillem. Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 11: 878, 1826. Trees or shrubs; flowers small, in axillary and terminal, loose panicles; calyx tube turbinate or hemispheric, the lobes 5; petals 5, spreading; fruit baccate, usually 2-celled. The fruit of M. coriacea Vahl, of the West Indies, is said to be used medici- nally, and its bark for tanning, while the wood yields a dye. Leaves acute or very shortly acuminate, Pilose beneath; branches of the in- florescence with spreading pubescence________....__._____ 1. M, rufidula. Leaves very long cuspidate-acuminate, glabrous beneath except along the costa; pubescence of the inflorescence appressed______ 2. M. oerstediana. 1. Myrcia rufidula Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 416, 1839. Myrcia sartoriana Berg, Linnaea 29: 220. 1857. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Small tree, the branchlets pilose; leaves nearly sessile, lance-oblong to oblong- ovate, 5 to 18 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrate on the upper sur- face, paler beneath ; panicles few or many-flowered, equaling or shorter than the ‘leaves; buds 2 mm. long; petals suborbicular, white, sericeous outside. 2. Myrcia oerstediana Berg, Linnaea 27: 112. 1854. Oaxaca. Costa Rica, the type from Cartago. Branchlets appressed-pilose at first but soon glabrate; leaves subsessile, narrowly lance-oblong, 6 to 12.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base, thin, glabrous above; panicles very lax, shorter than the leaves, the flowers slender- pedicellate; buds 1.5 to 2 mm. long; fruit 6 to 12 mm. long, 1-seeded, “ Yaga- lin” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ turro” (Costa Rica). 123. MELASTOMACEAE. Meadow-beauty Family. REFERENCE: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7. 1891. Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs, usually erect, rarely epiphytic; leaves opposite, entire or toothed, commonly 8 to 9-nerved, in one genus pinnate- nerved, estipulate; flowers perfect, showy or inconspicuous, commonly white, pink, red, purple, or yellow; calyx tube free or adnate to the ovary, the limb STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1047 truncate, lobed, or calyptriform; petals as many as the calyx lobes, inserted on the limb of the calyx; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; style simple, the stigma capitate or punctiform; fruit baccate or capsular, 2 to many-celled. One of the largest families of American plants, in Mexico confined chiefly to the truly tropical, and generally humid portions of the southern states. Since nearly all the Mexican representatives of the family are woody, it has seemed advisable to include in the present treatment the herbaceous species as well. One class of terms used in describing the nervation of the leaves in this family should be explained here: Three-nerved or 5-nerved leaves are those in which all the nerves arise from the base of the blade; triplinerved or quintupli- nerved leaves are those in which the lateral nerves have their origin above the base of the blade. Fruit capsular; stamens usually unequal. Capsule 3-winged, dilated at apex------------------------ 13. TRIOLENA. Capsule terete or angulate, acute or obtuse at apex. Connective of the anther usually long-produced below the base of the anther. Seeds oblong or ovoid. Anthers rostrate____---_------------------ 1. RHYNCHANTHERA. Anthers erostrate__._---_--_------------------- 2, CENTRADENIA. Seeds cochleate. Stamens very unequal; connective of the larger anthers with 2 elon- gate appendages. Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube. 3. ARTHROSTEMMA. Lobes equaling the tube or nearly so. Connective of the smaller anthers bilobate anteriorly; connec- tive of the larger anthers bifid or with 2 long spurs anteriorly. 4, ACISANTHERA. Connective of the smaller anthers not bilobate, that of the larger anthers with an elongate bifid appendage. 5. HETEROCENTRON. Stamens subequal, the anthers all of about the same size, the con- nective merely biauriculate or bituberculate. Ovary glabrous at apex__---~----------~----------- 6. ACIOTIS. Ovary setose at apex. Calyx tube with 8 very broad, thick tuberculate-setose ribs. 7%. SCHWACKAEA. Calyx tube with very slender nervelike ribs. Calyx lobes alternating with penicillate-stellate bristles. 8. PTEROLEPIS. Calyx lobes without intermediate bristles __9. TIBOUCHINA. Connective of the anther not conspicuously produced below the base of the anther. . Seeds cochleate___---------------------------- 10. MONOCHAETUM. Seeds ovoid or fusiform. Plants scandent; calyx limb shallowly 5-lobate_-11. ADELOBOTRYS. Plants erect; calyx limb circumscissile__---~-~- 12. CALYPTRELLA. Fruit baceate or coriaceous and rupturing irregularly ; stamens equal or nearly so. Leaves pinnate-nerved__----------- _eo ee ------ +--+ ___.24, MOURIRIA. 1048 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves longitudinally 3 to 9-nerved. Leaves closely transverse-striolate between the primary nerves. Filaments very thick; anthers short, obtuse____..--_- 22. BLAKEA. Filaments filiform; anthers subulate___.... 23. TOPOBEA. Leaves not striolate. Inflorescence terminal. ; Petals acute__-_---_------e 14, LEANDRA. Petals obtuse. Calyx limb calyptriform, circumscissile_________ 15. CONOSTEGIA. Calyx limb truncate or lobate, open in bud, not circumscissile. Outer calyx lobes none or inconspicuous_________ 16. MICONIA. Outer calyx lobes larger than the inner ones. 17. HETEROTRICHUM. Inflorescence axillary or lateral. Petals acute__.------ .--18, OSSAEA. Petals obtuse. Leaves with large inflated bladder-like appendages at base. 19. MAIETA. Leaves not appendaged. Anthers linear-subulate, with 1 pore at apex_____ 20. CLIDEMIA. Anthers short, obtuse, with 2 pores at apex_____.21. BELLUCTIA. 1, RHYNCHANTHERA DC. Prodr. 3: 106. 1828. 1, Rbynchanthera mexicana DC. Prodr. 3: 108. 1828. Rhynchanthera insignis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 12: 210. 1849. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Panama. Slender shrub, the branches glandular-hirtellous, terete; leaves long-petio- late, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 6 to 14 cm. long, long-acuminate, 7 or 9-nerved, rounded or subeordate at base, hispidulous, serrulate; flowers in axillary cymes; calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes subulate, 5 to 9 mm. long; petals purple-violet, 3 cm. long, acutish; stamens 10, one of them much larger than the others, rostrate; capsule subglobose, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. 2. CENTRADENIA G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 755. 1839. Herbs or small shrubs, alternately branched; leaves petiolate, very unequal at base, entire; flowers small, pink or white, in corymbiform cymes, 4-parted : petals obovate or rounded; stamens unequal, the anthers obtuse, the con- nective produced below, bearing a clavate or bilobate appendage; capsule 4- celled, the seeds minute. Stems glabrous___------~--- 1. C. chiapensis. Stems puberulent, pilose, or hirtellous. Stems glandular-pilose, winged...-.--_..- 2. C. grandifolia. Stems hirtellous or puberulent, the pubescence not glandular; stems not winged. Pedicels glandular-pilose; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. wide______ 3. C. salicifolia. Pedicels without glandular pubescence ; leaves mostly less than 1 cm. wide. 4, C. inaequilateralis. 1. Centradenia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 501. 1919. Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Stems 30 em. high, 4-angulate; leaves ovate-acuminate. 13 cm. long and 4 em. wide or smaller, cuneate at base, hirtellous above, pilose beneath along the nerves; calyx 6 mm. long, glabrous; petals 4 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1049 @, Centradenia grandifolia (Schlecht.) Endl. Gen. Pl. 1207. 1836-50. Plagiophyllum grandifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 429. 1839. Type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Guatemala. Stems 30 to 50 em. h'gh; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm. long and 2 to 8 cm. wide or smaller, acuminate, pilosulous; cymes many-flowered ; petals 8 mm. long. ; 3. Centradenia salicifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 379. 1915. Known only from the type locality, wet rocky slopes of the Sierra Madre above Misantla, Veracruz. Stems suffrutescent, puberulent or glabrate; leaves lanceolate, 13 cm. long or less, nearly glabrous; cymes lax, many-flowered ; calyx sparsely setose; petals purplish, 6 to 7 mm. long. 4, Centradenia inaequilateralis (Schlecht. & Cham.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 755. 1832. Rhezvia inaequilateralis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 567. 1830. Plagiophyllum parvifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 428, 1839. Centradenia rosea Lindl, Bot. Reg. 29: pl. 20. 1843. Veracruz; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco. Central America. Plants very slender, 30 to 80 cm. high, often suffrutescent, short-hirtellous ; leaves mostly 2 to 4 cm. long, sometimes larger, narrowly lanceolate, sparsely hirtellous or glabrate; calyx hirtellous; petals 5 to 6 mm. long, purplish pink. 3. ARTHROSTEMMA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruy. Chil. 4: pl. 326. 1802. Plants herbaceous or sometimes suffrutescent at base, dichotomous; leaves petiolate, 5 or 7-nerved, serrulate; flowers terminal, cymose, pink or purple, d-parted; calyx glabrous, the tube narrow, the lobes very short; petals obo- vate; anthers obtuse, the connective of the larger ones produced below the cells, with a filiform anterior appendage; capsule 4-valvate. Stamens all of about equal length_---__._-_-_____------------- 1. A. fragile. Stamens very unequal, the larger ones twice as long as the others. 2. A. campanulare. 1. Arthrostemma fragile Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. 3: 74 1848. Heteronoma galeottianum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 151. 1850. Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; Cuba. Stems succulent, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pilose; leaves oblong-ovate, 8 to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved; calyx 7 to 9 mm. long; petals pink, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long. “Jazmin montés ” (El Salvador). 2. Arthrostemma campanulare (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 35. 1871. Heteronoma campanulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 153. 1850. Chiapas. Central America and northern South America. Branches sparsely glandular-pilose when young or glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5- nerved; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long; petals purple, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; capsule about. 1.5 em. long. 4, ACISANTHERA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 85. 1708. 1. Acisanthera quadrata Juss.; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 111. 4810. Rhezia acisanthera L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 998. 1759. Guerrero and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. 1050 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Plants herbaceous, usually much branched, the stems glandular-pilose; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, serrulate; flowers solitary; calyx tube 3 mm. long; petals pink or purple, 6 mm. long. 5. HETEROCENTRON Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 290. 1840. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves 3-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flow- ers Solitary or paniculate, 4-parted; calyx tube ovoid or hemispheric, the lobes triangular, acute, about as long as the tube; petals ovate or obovate; stamens very unequal, the connective of the larger anther long-produced be- low the cells and appendaged; capsule 4-valvate. The following species are all that are known. Flowers solitary. Calyx glandular-setose; leaves 3-nerved____--___..... 1. H. elegans. Calyx setulose with glandular hairs; leaves pinnate-nerved. 2. H. suffruticosum. Flowers paniculate. Pedicels glabrous. Pedicels in anthesis little if at all exceeding the calyx tube; calyx lobes lance-triangular____.-______--_-_-- 3. H. subtriplinervium. Pedicels in anthesis more than twice as long as the calyx tube; calyx lobes linear__----------__--- 4. H. laxiflorum. Pedicels setulose. Calyx tube glandular-setulose. Calyx lobes not ciliate-...--.__--------- 5. H. axillare. Calyx lobes usually conspicuously ciliate__._..____.___6, H. mexicanum. Calyx tube without gland-tipped hairs. Seales at apex of the ovary not cillate. Calyx tube 3 mm. long; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. wide________ 7. H. roseum. Calyx tube 4 to5 mm. long; leaves 2.5 to 3 em. wide_8. H. occidentale. Scales setose-ciliate. Branches conspicuously winged____-..-____-___ 9. H. alatum. Branches not winged____-_------___-______ 10. H. macrostachyum. 1. Heterocentron elegans (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 247. 1891. Heeria elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 432. 1839. Heeria procumbens Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 151. 1850. Schizocentron elegans Meisn. Gen. Comm. 355. 1843. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Stems prostrate, herbaceous or suffrutescent, appressed-setulose; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 12 mm, long, obtuse or acute, crenulate, ciliate; flowers long- pedicellate; calyx tube densely glandular-setulose, the hairs with enlarged bases ; petals 10 to 12 mm. long, bright crimson; scales at apex of ovary ciliate. This plant has been cultivated in the United States under the names “ crim- son creeper,” and Heeria mezvicana. 2. Heterocentron suffruticosum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57. 1914. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Stems decumbent, suffrutescent, appressed-setulose, the roots tuberiferous; leaves broadly ovate or rounded, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, rounded or very obtuse at apex, entire, sparsely appressed-setulose; flowers long-pedicellate; petals pink or purple, 14 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1051 3. Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link «& Otto) A. Br. Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. App. 3. 1851. Melastoma subtriplinervia Link & Otto, Icon. PI. Rar. pl. 24. 1841. Heeria subtriplinervia Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala. Stems erect or decumbent, chiefly herbaceous, sparsely setulose ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, 9 to 13-nerved, attenuate at base; petals white, about 1 em. long. “Cafia de venado ” (Veracruz). Said to be employed in Veracruz as a remedy for gonorrhoea. 4. Heterocentron laxiflorum Standl., sp. nov. Type from El Ocote, Cerro Pedregoso, Michoacin or Guerrero (Langlassé 536; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386019). Stems suffrutescent, quadrangular, 1.5 meters high, sparsely appressed- setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, acute, attenuate at base, pinnate-nerved, thin, ciliate, sparsely appressed-setulose ; panicles many-flowered, the branches very slender, glabrous, the pedicels filiform, curved, 7 to 10 mm. long; ealyx tube 2.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely short-setulose with eglandular hairs, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long, linear or nearly 80, eciliate; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long; capsule about 5 mm. long, the lobes eciliate. 5. Heterocentron axillare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 155. 1850. Heterocentron alpestre Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 156. 1850. Heterocentron glandulosum Schenck in Regel, Gartenfl. 1856: 227. pl. 169. 1856. Heeria agillarig Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 138. 1891. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, appressed-setulose ; leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, entire, densely setulose; petals pink, 6 to 8 mm. long. 6. Heterocentron mexicanum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 290. 1840. Heterocentron undulatum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 155. 1850. Heeria undulata Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871. Sinaloa, Durango, Tepic, Jalisco, and Guerrero; type from the Sierra Madre. Stems chiefly herbaceous, erect, appressed-setulose; leaves oblong to elliptic, 8 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, appressed-setulose ; petals white or pink, 5 to 8 mm. long. 7. Heterocentron roseum A. Br. & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 14. 1851. Heeria rosea Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Honduras. Stems appressed-setulose, acutely quadrangular; leaves oblong or oblong- ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, acute, attenuate at base; petals white or pink, about 8 mm. long. In Guanajuato, where the plant is cultivated, it is said to be known as “perla de Cuba.” , 8. Heterocentron occidentale Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 327. 1905. Type collected between Pedro Paulo and San Blascito, Tepic. Stems suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, densely appressed-setulose ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 8 cm. long, acute, densely appressed-setulose ; petals white, 8 to 10 mm. long. 1052 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. Heterocentron alatum Rose & Standl., sp. nov. Type collected near San Juan Guichicovi, Oaxaca (Nelson 2728: U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 842869). Stems 4-angled, with a conspicuous green wing along each angle, ap- pressed-setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide, acute, attenuate at base, pinnate-nerved, uppressed-setulose ; panicles many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx tube 3 mm. long, with a few short stiff hairs, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely c liolate; petals white, about 1 em. long; capsule 6 mm. long, the apical scales setose-ciliate. 10. Heterocentron macrostachyum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 14: 155. 1850. Heeria macrostachya Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871, Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador. Stems appressed-setulose, quadrangular; leaves elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute, attenuate at base; petals white or lilae, 7 to 8 mm. long. 6. ACIOTIS D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 300. 1823. 1. Aciotis rostellata (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 51. 1871. Spennera rostellata Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 143. 1850. Tabasco. Guatemala and Nicaragua. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high, acutely tetragonous, shortly glandular-pilose above; leaves ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, 5 to 7 em. long, acuminate, pilosulous, entire; flowers 4-parted, paniculate; calyx 1.5 mm. long; petals white, 2 mm. long; capsule 2.5 mm. thick. 7. SCHWACKAEA Cogn. in Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 132. 1888. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Schwackaea cupheoides (Benth.) Cogn. in Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 132. 1888. Heeria cupheoides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 93. pl. 38. 1844. Pterogastra cupheoides Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 122. 1854. Acisanthera simplex T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57. 1914. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America; type from Panama. Slender annual, 10 to 30 em. high, the branches setulose at the nodes, else- where glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, 3-nerved, entire, pilosulous ; flowers 4-parted, solitary or in terminal cymes; calyx in fruit 1 em. long, the tube with 8 thick ribs, these setose-tuberculate; petals 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘“ Sulfatillo,” “sulfato de la tierra,” “pollito” (El Salvador). 8. PTEROLEPIS Mig. Comm. Phytogr. 73. 1840. Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves entire, 3 or 5-nerved; flowers 4-parted, small, axillary or terminal, solitary or glomerate; calyx lobes rigid, persistent, alternating with bristles; petals obovate, obtuse, ciliate; capsule 4-valvate. Connective of the larger anthers much shorter than the anther___1. P, exigua. Connective nearly as long as the anther. Anthers linear-subulate; calyx tube 4 mm. long________ 2. P. trichotoma. Anthers oblong; calyx tube 2 to 2.5 mm. long_____--_-- 3. P. pumila. 1. Pterolepis exigua (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 39. 1871. Arthrostemma exiguum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 13: 355. 1850. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Costa Rica. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1053 Stems sparsely branched or simple, appressed-setose ; leaves lance-oblong, 1 to 3 em. long, acute, setose; calyx tube 3 mm. long; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long. 2..Pterolepis trichotoma (Rottb.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 143: 261. 1885. Rhexia trichotoma Rottb. Descr. Pl. Surin. 9. pl. 5. 1776. Rhezia ladanoides Rich. in Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 2: 72. pl. 27. 18238. Pterolepis ladanoides Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 39. 1871. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Central and South America. Stems herbaceous, 20 to 30 cm. high, appressed-setose ; leaves lanceolate or lanee-oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, short-petiolate; petals pink, 8 to 10 mm. long. 3. Pterolepis pumila (DC.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 14°: 263. 1885. Osbeckia pumila DC. Prodr. 3: 141. 1828. Reported from Oaxaca. Central and South America. Leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, setose-pilose ; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long. 9. TIBOUCHINA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 445. 1775. Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves 3 or 5-nerved, entire or serrulate; flowers 5-parted, solitary or in terminal panicles; calyx tube oblong or urceolate, the lobes narrow, persistent or deciduous; petals obovate; stamens unequal or subequal, the anthers similar, the connective produced below the cells but sometimes very shortly so; capsule 5-valvate. Calyx with gland-tipped hairs. Pubescence of the young branches widely spreading_.---~-- 1. T. purpusii. Pubescence of the young stems appressed. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaf and on the stems long and slender. 2. T. galeottiana. Hairs on the leaves and stems short, thickened at base__3. T. durangensis. Calyx with eglandular hairs. Connective of the larger anthers long-produced at the base (about 2 mm. or more). Pubescence of the stems spreading---------------------- 4, T. rufipilis. Pubescence of the stems appressed----~~---------------- 5. T. mexicana. Connective very shortly produced (1 mm. or less). Stamens equal in length or nearly so. Lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube_----------- 6. T. bourgaeana. Lobes equaling or longer than the tube. Hairs of the stem short, closely appressed; leaves serrulate. 7. T. naudiniana. Hairs of the stem long, ascending, not closely appressed; leaves usually entire-___----------------------------- 8. T. longifolia. Stamens very unequal. Hairs of the stem closely appressed--~--------------- 9, T. schiedeana. Hairs of the stem spreading or ascending, not appressed. Lobes of the calyx equaling or longer than the tube. Calyx lobes linear_--------------------------- 10. T. scabriuscula. Calyx lobes linear-spatulate_-------------------- 11. T. spathulata. Lobes shorter than the tube. Calyx tube 6 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long___-12. T. ferrariana. Calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes 8 to 4 mm. long__18. T. monticola. 1054 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Tibouchina purpusii T. 8, Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 378. 1913. Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type collected in the Sierra Madre between Misantla and Naolinco, Veracruz. Branches densely setose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 5 em. long, acuminate, setose, serrulate; flowers in small panicles; calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes shorter, linear-lanceolate; petals pink, about 1 cm. long. 2. Tibouchina galeottiana (Naud.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 258. 1891. Oreocosmus galeottianus Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 38. 1850. Pleroma galeottianum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46, 1871. Type collected between Tampico, Tamaulipas, and Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Stems chiefly herbaceous, 20 to 40 cm. high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5- nerved, 2 to 4 cm. long, serrulate, setulose beneath along the nerves; calyx tube 5 to 6 mm. long, the lobes 8 to 4 mm. long, subobtuse. 3. Tibouchina durangensis Standl, sp. nov. Type from San Ramén, Durango (Palmer 163; U. S. Nat. Herb. no, 571184). Stems quadrangular, when young covered with very short thick appressed hairs; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1.2 to 3 em. wide, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, serrulate, setulose-scabrous, deep green above, pale beneath; flowers in few-ilowered terminal panicles; calyx tube 7 mm. long, thinly glandular-setulose with short stout purplish hairs, the lobes oblong-triangular, acute or obtuse, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals purple, about 1 cm. long; stamens very unequal, the larger anthers subulate, 7 to 8 mm. long, the connective produced below into a stipe 5 mm. long, the smaller anthers 5 mm. long. 4. Tibouchina rufipilis ( Schlecht.) Cogn. in DC, Monogr. Phan. 7: 259. 1891, Rhezia rufipilis Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 430. 1889. Pleroma rufipile Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1871. Veracruz; type from Monte Macultepec, Jalapa. Slender shrub, the stems rufous-setose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, 5-nerved, serrulate, setulose; flowers mostly in 3-flowered cymes; calyx tube 6 mm. long, setose, the lobes linear-spatulate, 8 to 9 mm. long; petals pink, 1.5 em. long. 5. Tibouchina mexicana (D. Don) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 258. 1891. Melastoma mexicana D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 290. 1823. Rheria tortuosa Humb, & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 2: 17. pl. 7. 1823. Pleroma mericanum DC. Prodr. 3: 152. 1828. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branches Setose-strigose; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 6 em. long, attenuate, 3-nerved, entire or serrulate, setulose; flowers solitary or cymose: lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube; petals 1 cm. long, white or pink, 6. Tibouchina bourgaeana Coen, in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 264. 1891. Tibouchina aliena T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58, 1914. Tepic to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, the branches setose-strigose; leaves lanceo- late or lance-oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, attenuate, 5-nerved, serrulate, appressed- setose; ffowers numerous, in dense or lax cymes; calyx tube 2.5 to 4 mm. long, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1055 the lobes linear-subulate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long (in anthesis; longer in fruit) ; petals 4 to 5 mm. long, white or pink. “ Entrodelia ” (Veracruz) ; “ talchinol,” “ cirin,” “largona,” “ hierba del tabardillo ” (El Salvador). 7. Tibouchina naudiniana (Decaisne) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 264. 1891. Chaetogastra naudiniana Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1847: 86. 1847. Pleroma naudinianum Triana, Trans, Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1871. Oaxaca. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 8 to 7 cm. long, serrulate, short-pilose; calyx sparsely setulose, the tube 25 mm. long, the lobes 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals pink, 8 to 12 mm. long. 8. Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill. Adansonia 12: 74. 1877. Rhezia longifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 39. 1796. Pleroma longifolium Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 45. 1871. Reported from Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatin. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves lanceolate or oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, attenuate, appressed-pilose; flowers in lax or dense cymes; calyx setulose, the tube 3 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white or pink, 5 to 6 mm. long. “ Mosqueta silvestre” (Guatemala) ; “ entrodelia ” (Veracruz). 9. Tibouchina schiedeana (Schlecht. & Cham.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 261. 1891. Rhewia schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 565. 18380. Pleroma schiedeanum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1871. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Rfo Talea. Guatemala. Shrub; leaves lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, entire or serrulate, appressed-setose ; cymes few-flowered, dense; calyx densely setose, the tube 4 mm. long, the lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, linear-subulate; petals white or pink, 4 to 7 mm. long. 10. Tibouchina scabriuscula (Schlecht.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 262. 1891. Rhevia scabriuscula Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 431. 1891. Oaxaca and probably in Veracruz. Branches spreading-pilose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, serru- late, setulose above, pilosulous beneath; panicles corymbiform; calyx ap- pressed-setulose, the tube 4 to 5 mm. long; petals 15 to 18 mm. long. 11. Tibouchina spathulata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914. Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquero6n. Branches densely setose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acu- minate, 5-nerved, serrulate, densely setulose; cymes few-flowered; calyx lobes in fruit sometimes 15 mm. long; petals purple, 1 em. long. 12. Tibouchina ferrariana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7%: 1176. 1891. Type from Teziutlin, Puebla. Stems pilose, long-setose at the nodes; leaves ovate-oblong, 2 to 3.5 cm, long, crenulate-denticulate, pilose above, setulose beneath along the nerves; flowers solitary; calyx spreading-pilose ; petals purplish, 8 to 9 mm. long. 13. Tibouchina monticola (Naud.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 263. 1891. Oreocosmus monticola Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITI. 13: 88. 1849. Colima to Oaxaca. Costa Rica. 1056 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub; leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, serrulate or subentire, pilose; flowers solitary or cymose; calyx long-pilose; petals purplish, 1 cm. long. 10. MONOCHAETUM Nand. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 48. 1845. Shrubs, variously pubescent: leaves entire, 3 to 7-nerved; flowers usually terminal, cymose or Solitary, few, pink, purple, or Violet, 4-parted; calyx hairy the lobes ovate or lanceolate, equaling or shorter than the tube; petals obovate; stamens unequal, the anthers elongate-linear or subulate, the larger ones with a porrect, usually elongate appendage at base, the connective not produced at base; capsule 4-celled; seeds curved or coiled. Hairs of the stems finely plumose and spreading..________ 1. M. pulchrum. Hairs not plumose or, if so, appressed. : Pubescence of the young stems appressed, or the stems glabrous. Stems glabrous except at the nodes_____._._._. 2. M. pringlei, Stems with appressed hairs, Leaves oblong-linear__..----§- _.3. M. angustifolium. Leaves lanceolate or ovate. Leaves short-petiolate, appressed-setose on the upper surface; calyx lobes shorter than the tube_____.... 4, M. deppeanum. Leaves long-petiolate, mostly glabrous on the upper surface; calyx lobes equaling or longer than the tube_________ 5. M. alpestre. Pubescence of the young stems spreading. Pubescence of stems of gland-tipped hairs__________ 6. M. bracteolatum. Pubescence of stems eglandular. Lobes of the calyx longer than the tube... _._7. M. candollei. Lobes equaling or shorter than the tube. Calyx with gland-tipped hairs___.....- 8. M. floribundum. Calyx with glandless hairs___.....-- 9. M. calcaratum. 1. Monochaetum pulchrum Decaisne, Rev. Hort. III. 2: 101. f. 6. 1848, Monochaetum plumosum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 160. 1850. Monochaetum pulchellum Naud Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 161. 1850. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Branches stout, densely plumose-hirsute with brownish hairs; leaves short- petiolate, oblong or ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 5 or 7-nerved, acute, densely covered with stellate and with appressed plumose hairs; calyx lobes shorter than the tube; petals 1 em. long. 2. Monochaetum pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 327. pl. 72. 1905. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca. Shrub, a meter high or less, the branches setose only at the nodes; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, attenuate, 3-nerved, ciliate, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-setose beneath along the nerves; flowers terminal, solitary; calyx appressed-setose with eglandular hairs; petals purplish, about 1.5 em. long. 3. Monochaetum angustifolium Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1181. 1891. Type collected between Piletas and San Miguel, near Jalapa, Veracruz, alti- tude 1,800 to 1,900 meters. Branches slender, setose at the nodes, elsewhere appressed-setulose; leaves 2 to 3.5 mm. wide, appressed-setulose beneath along the nerves, 3-nerved; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1057 flowers terminal, solitary; calyx appressed-setulose, the tube 8 mm. long, the lobes 5 to 6 mm. long; petals pink, 1 cm. long. 4. Monochaetum deppeanum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 165. 1850. Rhexia deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 566. 1830. Monochaetum triplinerve Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 51. 1845. Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala. Slender shrub, 1.2 meters high or less, the branches densely appressed- setulose; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; flowers terminal, usually solitary; calyx appressed-setulose ; petals about 1 cm. long, red-purple. 5. Monochaetum alpestre Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. Il. 4: 50. 1845. Monochaetum naudinianum Neum. Rev. Hort. 1861: 211. 1861. Oaxaca. Guatemala. Slender shrub, the branches sparsely setulose, especially at the nodes; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, acute, pale beneath, ciliate; calyx sparsely setulose; petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long. 6. Monochaetum bracteolatum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 64. 1871. Reported from Dos Puentes. Panama. Branches sparsely glandular-hirtellous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-nerved, 2 to 5 em. long, sparsely setulose; calyx sparsely setulose; petals 7 to 8 mm. long. 7, Monochaetum candollei Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 396. 1891. Type from Mount Orizaba and Vaqueria del Jacal, Veracruz, altitude 3,800 meters. Branches subglabrate, setose at the nodes; leaves long-petiolate, oblong- lanceolate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, sparsely setose, ciliate, tripli- nerved; calyx glandular-setulose ; petals pink, 12 to 14 mm. long. 8. Monochaetum floribundum (Schlecht.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 165. 1850. Rhexia floribunda Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 431. 1839. Monochaetum rivulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 50. 1845. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America. Shrub, the branches densely hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, oblong, lance- oblong, or ovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long, setose; flowers in few-flowered cymes; petals 7 to 8 mm. long, pink or white. “ Entrodelia ” (Veracruz). 9. Monochaetum calcaratum (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 63. 1871. Arthrostemma calcaratum DC. Prodr. 8: 188. 1828. Monochaetum ensiferum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. Ill. 4: 50. 1845. Monochaetum candolleanum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 4: 50. 1845. Monochaetum oliganthum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 159. 1850. Veracruz and Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere. Branches sparsely setulose ; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, triplinerved, sparsely setulose; flowers solitary; calyx densely appressed-setulose ; petals 1.5 cm. long, pink or purple. 12. CALYPTRELLA Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 115. 1852. 1. Calyptrella galeottii Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 115. 1852. Tvpe from mountains of Oaxaca. Costa Rica. 1058 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Tree (?); leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, 6 to 10 em. wide, shortly obtuse-acuminate, entire, 5 or 7-nerved, glabrous; flowers usu- ally 6-parted, in open terminal panicles 10 to 30 em. long, puberulent; limb of the calyx calyptriform, circumscissile; petals 4 mm. long. 13. TRIOLENA Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 15: 828 1851. 1. Triolena scorpioides Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 15: 328, 1851. Triolena radicans T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 879, 1913. Veracruz and Chiapas. Plants herbaceous, ascending, the stems simple; leaves long-petiolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 13 em. long, acute, undulate-dentate, 5 or 7-nerved, emarginate and unequal at base, setose above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; flowers 5-parted, in long-pedunculate scorpioid racemes; calyx turbi- nate, furfuraceous-puberulent, the lobes short; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long ; capsule 3-valvate, included in the finally 3-winged calyx. It is possible that 7’. radicans is a distinct species, but the material at hand affords no basis for such a belief. 14. LEANDRA Raddi, Att. Soc. Ital. Sci. 18: 385. 1820. Shrubs or small trees, sometimes glabrous; leaves petiolate, 3 to 9-nerved, entire or denticulate: flowers usually 5-parted, small, in terminal or rarely lateral panicles; calyx tube campanulate or urceolate, the limb dentate; petals harrow, acute; stamens subequal; fruit a small berry. Ieaves abruptly long-decurrent at base... 1. L. multiplinervis. Leaves obtuse to subcordate at base. Branches of the panicle secund; leaves very densely hirtellous. 2. L. mexicana. Branches not secund; leaves thinly setulose or glabrate. Panicles all terminal__---------- 3. L. melanodesma, Panicles terminal at first but becoming lateral._____ 4. L. cornoides, 1. Leandra multiplinervis (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 14‘: 180. 1886. Clidemia multiplinervis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 358. 1859. Orymeris multiplinervis Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 94. 1871. Type from Zacualpan (Chiapas ?). Guatemala; Brazil. Shrub or small tree, the branches short-setulose; leaves oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, 5 or 7-nerved, subentire, sparsely setulose above, hirtellous beneath ; panicles narrow, becoming lateral; calyx setulose, the tube 4 mm. long; petals pink, 4 mm. long. 2. Leandra mexicana (Naud.) Cogn, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14‘: 77. 1886. Clidemiastrum mexicanum Naud. Ann, Se’. Nat IIT. 18: 87. 1852. Tabasco and Oaxaca. Central America and Colombia. Shrub, 2 meters high, the branches densely pilose; leaves ovate, 10 to 18 em. long, acuminate, cordate at base, denticulate; panicles terminal, the flowers 7-parted, sessile; calyx tube 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the teeth 0.5 to 0.8 mm. long; fruit globose, 8 to 5 mm. in diameter. This species was listed by Hemsley as Orymeris hetcrobasis Triana. 3. Leandra melanodesma (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 14‘: 73. 1886. Clidemia melanodesma Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITI, 17: 353, 1852. Oxrymeris melanodesma Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 92. 1871. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Ecuador. * TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1059 STANDLEY Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, the branches furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 7-nerved, denticulate, setulose or scaberulous above, furfuraceous beneath; panicles many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx tube 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the lobes minute; petals white or pink, 3 to 4 mm. long. “ Teshuate ” (Veracruz. ). L. melanodesma sagittata (Naud.) Cogn.! is a form in which the basal lobes of the leaves are acute and auricle-like. It was described from Oaxaca and is reported also from Veracruz and Guatemala. It was listed by Hemsley as Oxymeris subseriata Triana. 4. Leandra cornoides (Schlecht. & Cham.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 76. 1886. Melastoma cornoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 563. 1830. Cremanium aschenbornianum Schauer, Linnaea 20: 734. 1847, Sagraea haeretica Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 18: 100. 1852. Oxymeris cornoides Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 93. 1871. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Morelos. Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches furfuraceous-puberulent or glabrate; leaves lance-oblong 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, 5-nerved, obscurely denticulate, sparsely furfuraceous beneath or glabrous; panicles lax, few- flowered; calyx glabrous or nearly so, the tube 3 mm. long; petals white or pink, 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit violet or black, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 15. CONOSTEGIA D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 816. 1823. Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or pubescent; leaves petiolate, entire or den- ticulate, 3 or 5-nerved; flowers 5 to 10-parted, small or of medium size, white or pink, in terminal panicles; calyx tube campanulate, the limb caplike, cir- cumscissile at anthesis; petals obtuse; stamens equal; fruit a small berry. Young branches and petioles setulose-hirsute___------------.- 1. C. speciosa. Young branches and petioles glabrous or furfuraceous-tomentose. Branches and petioles glabrous or obscurely furfuraceous. Buds ovoid or conic___...-------------------------------=-2. G. superba. Buds globose or subglobose, rounded at apex------------ 3. C. sphaerica. Branches and petioles densely furfuraceous-tomentose. Leaves entire or nearly so, green beneath ; flowers 6 to 10-parted. Buds 14 to 17 mm. long, long-rostrate_-~------------- 4. C. arborea. Buds 8 to 10 mm. long, rounded at apex, sometimes apiculate. 5, C. subhirsuta. Leaves conspicuously denticulate; often densely stellate-tomentose be- neath; flowers 5-parted. Buds 9 to 11 mm. long, glabrous-------------------- 6. C. mexicana. Buds 4 to 6 mm. long, tomentose------~-------------- 7. C. xalapensis. 1. Conostegia speciosa Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 109. 1851. Reported from Veracruz. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. Branches densely setulose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, denticulate, setulose above, stel- late-tomentose beneath ; buds densely hirsute, 5 to 6 mm. long; petals 6 to 7 mm. long, pink or violet. 1In Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 74. 1886; Clidemia sagittata Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. TIT. 17: 859. 1852, 1060 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Conostegia superba D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4:°317. 1823. Conostegia macrophylla Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 112. 1851. Conostegia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57, 1914. Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; Jamaica. Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high, the branches glabrous or nearly SO; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 15 to 30 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, 5-nerved, entire or nearly so, puberulent beneath along the nerves but elsewhere glabrous; panicles 10 to 15 em. long; buds glabrous, 6 to 7 mm. long; petals white, 5 to 6 mm. long. 8. Conostegia sphaerica Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 98. 1871. Michoacin to Chiapas; type from Teotalcingo. Tree, 10 meters high or less, glabrous throughout; leaves lanceolate to ob- long-elliptic, 5 to 17 cm. long, obtusely cuspidate-acuminate, atenuate or acute at base, triplinerved, entire; panicles 3 to 7 em. long; buds 6 to 8 mm. long; petals white, 3 to 5 mm. long, erose. 4. Conostegia arborea (Sehlecht.) Schauer, Linnaea 20: 733. 1847. Melastoina arboreum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 424. 18389, Conostegia galeottii Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 107. 1851. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Tioselo and Jicochimalco. Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, short-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, green, thinly furfuraceous-puberulent beneath, 5-nerved; panicles few-flowered, 7 to 10 cm. long; buds thinly puber- ulent; petals white, 8 to 10 mm. long. 5. Conostegia subhirsuta DC. Prodr. 3: 174. 1828. Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type from Havana, Cuba. Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 8 tu 20 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, 5-nerved, green, furfuraceous beneath along the nerves; panicles few-flowered, 10 cm. long or less; buds furfuraceous or glabrate; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long. “Teshuate” (Veracruz). 6. Conostegia mexicana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 707. 1891. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Monte Pelado. Branches furfuraceous or stellate-setulose with rufous hairs; leaves elliptic- oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, setulose above, puberulent beneath, especially along the nerves; panicles few-flowered, 5 to 10 em. long; petals 7 to 8 mm. long. 7. Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823. Melastoma xalapense Bonpl.: Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 126. pl. 54. 1816. Conostegia holosericea D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823. Conostegia minutifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 327, pl. 71. 1905. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America and Colombia; Cuba. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 10 meters high; leaves oblong to lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to acute at base, stellate- tomentose above or rarely setulose, in age glabrous, pale beneath and covered with a dense stellate tomentum, or rarely glabrate, 5-nerved; panicles dense, 10 cm. long or less; petals pink, 3 mm. long. “Capulincillo” (Puebla, San Luis Potosf, Oaxaca); “nigua” (San Luis Potosi, Puebla); “capulfn” (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca); “serita” (Puebla, Oaxaca); “chicab” (Ta- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1061 maulipas); “capiroto” (Nicaragua); “ cirin ” (Hl Salvador); “lengua de vaca,” “pt,” “purré,” “escobillo” (Costa Rica); “ guabén” (Guatemala) ; “mora” (Tepic); “pupu” (Sinaloa); ‘“capulin de cotorro,” ‘“ tecapulfin,” “teshuate ” (Veracruz). Judging from the number of herbarium specimens at hand, this is by far the most common Melastomaceous plant of Mexico. The form with narrow leaves is C. lanceolata Cogn.’ and C. minutijlora Rose, but it grades imper- ceptibly into the typical form. Some specimens of C. xalapensis exhibit a truly remarkable diversity in leaf pubescence. Some of the leaves are, when young, finely tomentose upon the upper surface, and these leaves, even in age, are densely tomentose beneath. Other leaves upon the same branch are thinly setose upon the upper surface, without any trace of tomentum, while the lower surface is green and soon glabrate. Unless one had seen both kinds of leaves upon the same specimen, it would be hard to believe that they belonged to the same species. The dark blue or purple fruits are edible and of good flavor. They some-. what resemble blueberries (Vaccinium) in appearance and are often seen in the markets of Central America. 16. MICONIA Ruiz & Pav. FI. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 60. 1794. Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or denticulate ; inflorescence terminal ; flowers small, 4 to 8-parted, white, red, or yellow; calyx urceolate or campanu- late, the lobes short; petals oblong or obovate; stamens equal or nearly 80; fruit a small berry. The largest genus of the family, including over 500 species. The fruit, like that of other genera, is edible, and some species yield dyes. Anthers short, obovoid, oblong, or cuneiform. Anthers oblong, with a single minute pore at apex. Flowers secund upon the panicle branches. Branches long-hirsute----.--------------------- +--+ 1. M. lacera. Branches glabrous-----~-------------------------------~ 2. M. ciliata. Flowers not secund. Branches glabrous or furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves acute or rounded at base. Leaves acute at base; branches glabrate---~----------- 3. M. glabrata. Leaves rounded at base; branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent. 4, M. madrensis. Branches hispid or densely tomentulose ; leaves cordate at base. Branches hispid___------------------------------ 5. M. phaeotricha. Branches stellate-tomentulose_-~--------------------- 6. M. tepicana. Anthers cuneiform, truncate at apex and with 2 large pores. Leaves’ stellate-furfuraceous beneath along the nerves. 7. M. hemenostigma. Leaves glabrous beneath. Leaves triplinerved, the lateral nerves arising above the base of the blade___--------- eee ee ee a eee 8. M. rubens. Leaves 3-nerved, the lateral nerves arising at the base of the blade. Stigma not dilated------------------------------- 9. M. oligotricha. Stigma capitate. Calyx 1.5 mm. long--~------------------------- 10. M. glaberrima. Calyx 2.5 to 8 mm. long_-----------------~------ 11. M. pinetorum. 1In DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 708. 1891. 1062 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Anthers elongate, linear or subulate. Anthers subulate, mostly 4 to 5 mm. long. Calyx limb closed in bud, breaking up into irregular lobes. Leaves long-acuminate —----- +e 12. M. mexicana. Leaves acute or short-acuminate ----13. M. lauriformis, salyx limb open, truncate or regularly dentate. Calyx oblong or oblong-cylindrie. Filaments hirtellous; leaves serrulate_.._______ 14, M. leucocephala, Filaments glabrous; leaves entire___.....__ | 15. M. dodecandra. Calyx campanulate. Calyx lobes subulate. Calyx tube 2.5 mm. long___.__--__-. 16. M. anisotricha, Calyx tube 5 to 6 mm. long...» 19, M. saxicola. Calyx lobes rounded. Petals about 3 mm. long______-________ 17. M. guatemalensis, Petals 5 to 8 mm. long____ -.18. M. erythrantha, Anthers linear, usually 3 mm. long or less. Anthers truncate at apex, the connective not appendaged anteriorly. 20. M. minutiflora, Anthers narrowed at apex or at least not truncate, the connective ap- pendaged or tuberculate anteriorly. Flowers spicate___...------- 21. M. triplinervis., Flowers paniculate. Branches of the panicle simple, spikelike. Leaves petiolate.....minnoo | 22. M. bourgaeana. Leaves sessile or nearly so___.__.....__ 23. M. impetiolaris, Branches of the panicle usually branched, not spikelike. Leaves densely whitish-tomentulose beneath. Leaves mostly 7 to 15 cm. wide, usually denticulate. 24. M. argentea, Leaves mostly 3 to 7 cm. wide, entire or nearly so. Leaves shallowly cordate at base__..._______ 25. M. albicans, Leaves rounded or obtuse at base________ 26. M. stenostachya. Leaves green beneath, never whitish-tomentulose. Flowers secund upon the branches. Leaves quintuplinerved _- --27. M. scorpioides, Leaves 5-nerved_.-..---.-- 28. M. ambigua. Flowers not secund. Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath in age, when young often minutely stellate-pubescent. Leaves 3 or 5-nerved. Leaves large, 7 to 40 cm. wide, subemarginate at base. 29. M. calvescens. Leaves smaller, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acute to rounded at base. lowers mostly pedicellate________ 30. M. hyperprasina. Flowers all sessile or nearly so________ 31. M. laevigata. Leaves triplinerved or quintuplinerved. Leaves sessile, or the petioles marginate almost to the base, the blades 7 to 10.5 em. wide______ 32. M. langlassei. Leaves conspicuously petiolate, the petioles not winged, the blades mostly 5 cm. wide or legs. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1063 Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, the transverse nerves very prominent_---.---~-----~-- 83. M. schlechtendalii. Leaves mostly 4 to 6 em. wide, the transverse nerves slender and not very prominent___34. M. prasina. Leaves pilosulous or hirsutulous beneath. Leaves stellate-tomentose beneath__----- 35. M. globulifera. Leaves pilose or hirsute beneath with simple hairs. Leaves very densely hirsute beneath, attenuate at base. 36. M. nervosa. Leaves thinly setulose beneath, rounded to subacute at base. Young branches appressed-setulose__37. M. chrysoneura. Young branches spreading-setulose___38, M. ibaguensis. 1. Miconia lacera (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud. Ann. Sci, Nat. IIT. 16: 152. 1851. Melastoma lacerum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 9. pl. 5. 1816. Reported from southern Mexico. Central America to Brazil; Martinique. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches covered with very long spreading brown hairs; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, 3 or 5-nerved, denticulate, setulose; panicles nar- row; calyx tube 2 mm. long; petals pink, 3 to 4 mm. long. “Sirin” (Guate- mala, Honduras). 2. Miconia ciliata (L. Rich.) DC. Prodr. 3: 179, 1828. Melastoma ciliatum 1. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1792: 109. 1792. Melastoma decussatum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 42. 1796. Miconia decussata D. Don; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 121. 1871. Reported from southern Mexico. Panama to Brazil; West Indies. Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 20 cm. iong, short-acuminate, 3-nerved, subserrulate, long-ciliate, glabrous; calyx 2 mm. long; petals pink, 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 3. Miconia glabrata Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 875. 1891. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca. Slender shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 9 cm. long, long- acuminate, quintuplinerved, entire, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, 3 to 8 em. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long. 4. Miconia madrensis Standl., sp. nov. Tepic and Jalisco; type collected near Santa Teresa, in the Sierra Madre, Tepic (Rose 2226; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 301140). Young branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent with rufous pubescence, in age glabrate; petioles 0.8 to 1.7 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, rounded at base, quintuplinerved, entire or remotely and minutely serrulate, glabrate above, minutely and sparsely stellate-puberulent beneath or finally glabrate; panicles 6 to 9 em. long, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate, 5-parted; calyx 2 mm. long, sparsely puberulent, the lobes minute, rounded; petals 2 mm. long; an. thers oblong, curved; fruit 4 mm. thick. Pringle 2369, collected near Guadalajara, belongs to this species. 5, Miconia phaeotricha Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITI. 16: 193. 1851. Type from mountains of Oaxaca. Leaves ovate-cordate, 12 to 18 em. long, 5 or 7-nerved, setose above, hirtellous beneath ; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 2.5 to 38 mm. long, hispid; petals pink, 15 mm. long. 1064 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Miconia tepicana Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Dolores and Santa Gertrudis, Tepic (Rose 2058 ; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300958). Branches subterete, densely stellate-tomentulose; petioles 3 to 5 em. long; leaf blades cordate-ovate, 13 to 15.5 cm. long, 8 to 8.5 em. wide, acute, deeply cordate at base, quintuplinerved, entire, glabrous above or nearly so, densely . and finely stellate-tomentulose beneath; panicles many flowered, about 14 em. long, the flowers mostly short-pedicellate; calyx 2.5 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes minute, obtuse; petals 1.5 mm. long; anthers 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 7. Miconia hemenostigma Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 230, 1851. Oaxaca. Guatemala. Branches furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves oblong to ovate, 12 to 20 cm. long, ucuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, subentire, green and glabrous above; panicles 8 to 12 cm. long; calyx 2 mm. long, puberulent or glabrate; petals white, 1.5 mm. long. 8. Miconia rubens (Swartz) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 169. 1851. Melastoma rubens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 71. 1788. Chiapas. Costa Rica and Venezuela; type from Jamaica. Glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 16 cm, long, acuminate or abruptly acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, subentire; panicles 4 to 7 em. long, the flowers short-pedicellate ; calyx 2 mm. long; petals white, about 1 mm. long. 9. Miconia oligotricha (DC.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 245. 1851. Cremanium oligotrichum DC. Prodr. 3: 198. 1828. Melastoma glaucocarpum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 421, 1839. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Leaves broadly oblong, 6 to 10 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, minutely denticulate; panicles pyramidal, 5 to 8 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 2 mm. long; petals 1 mm. long; fruit blue, 4 mm. in diameter. 10. Miconia glaberrima (Schlecht.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITI. 16: 243. 1851. Melastoma glaberrimum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 421. 1839. Miconia brachystyla Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 230, 1851. Miconia myriocarpa Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 231. 1851. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Barranca de Tioselo. Central America, Slender glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, entire or nearly so; panicles pyrami- dal, 5 to 7 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate ; petals white or pink, 1 mm. long; fruit white. 11. Miconia pinetorum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 229, 1851. Morelos, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic or oblong, 7 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, obscurely serrulate; panicles 4 to 10 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate; petals white, 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 12. Miconia mexicana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 244, 1851, Melastoma mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 128. pl. 55. 1816. Miconia tococoides Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 127. 1851. Miconia conostegioides Naud. Ann, Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 127. 1851. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1065 Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 18 cm. long, rounded to acute at base, triplinerved, entire or nearly so, glabrous above, puberulent beneath along the nerves; panicles 10 to 15 em. long, the flowers pedicellate ; calyx 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white or pink, 5 mm. long. “ Teshuate ” (Veracruz). 13. Miconia lauriformis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 189. 1851. Type collected between San Bartolo and Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas. Leaves ovate-oblong, 6 to 19 cm. long, rounded or subacute at base, tripli- nerved, entire, puberulent beneath along the nerves; panicles 5 to 7 cm. long, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx 3 mm. long; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long. 14. Miconia leucocephala (DC.) Naud. Ann. Sei. Nat. III. 16: 244. 1851. Chitonia macrophylla D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 319. 1828. Diplochita leucocephala DC. Prodr. 3: 177. 1828. Miconia macrophylla Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 108. 1871. Not M. macrophylla Steud. 1844. Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies and South America. Shrub or tree, 3 to 12 meters high, the branches densely tomentose; leaves broadly elliptic to oblong-ovate, 20 to 30 em. long, rounded or obtuse and short- acuminate at apex, emarginate at base, 5 or 7-nerved, glabrate above, densely stellate-tomentose beneath ; panicles 10 to 30 em. long; calyx 7 mm. long, tomentose; petals white or pink, 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter. 15. Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 243. 1886. Melastoma dodecandrum Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4: 46. 1797. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high, the branches densely fur- furaceous-puberulent; leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 10 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, usually 5-nerved, glabrate above, densely stellate- tomentulose beneath ; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate ; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long, canescent-tomentulose ; petals white or pink, 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter. Reported by Hemsley as M. fothergilla (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud. 16. Miconia anisotricha (Schlecht.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 102. 1871. Melastoma anisotrichon Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 427. 1839. Cremanium berghesianum Schauer, Linnaea 20: 735. 1847. Clidemia urticaefolia Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 354 1852. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between San Miguel del Soldado and La Joya; a closely related but probably distinct plant occurs in Michoacfin or Guerrero. Branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent and short-hirtellous; leaves ovate- oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, subcordate at base, hirtellous beneath, setulose above, 5 or 7-nerved; panicles 4 to 7 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate ; calyx hirtellous, 2.5 mm. long, the teeth 1 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long; fruit black, 4 mm. thick. 17. Miconia guatemalensis Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 758. 1891. Chiapas, Guatemala; type from Tactic. 3ranches densely stellate-puberulent; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 6 to 16 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5-nerved, entire or minutely serrulate, hirtellous above, stellate-puberulent beneath; panicles 4 to 8 cm. long, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx 2 mm. long, puberulent. 1066 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 18. Miconia erythrantha Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 119. 1851. Clidemia monticola Naud. Ann, Sci. Nat. III. 17: 341. 1852. Oaxaca. Branches furfuraceous; leaves harrowly ovate, 4 to 6 em. long, acute or subacuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5-nerved, entire or undulate- denticulate, setulose above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; panicles 3 to 5 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; petals red or pink, 5 mm. long. 19. Miconia saxicola T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 215. 1905. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa. Young branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent and glandular-hirtellous ; leaves rounded-ovate, 6 to 14 em. long, 4.5 to 6.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, cordate at base, 7-nerved, duplicate-ser- rulate, densely setulose above, hirtellous beneath; panicles few-flowered, 3 to 4.5 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, densely fulvous- hirtellous with partly gland-tipped hairs, the teeth 1 to 1.5 mm. long; petals 6, 8 to 11 mm. long. 20. Miconia minutiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 189. 1828. Melastoma minutiflorum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Mélast. 1: 50. pl. 22. 1816. Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub or tree, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, 3-nerved, sparsely furfuraceous when young but soon glabrous, usually blackish when dry, entire; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long, the flowers numerous, short-pedicellate, sweet-scented; calyx 1.5 mm. long ; petals white, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 mm. in diameter. “ Resino ” (Costa Rica). 21. Miconia triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 1: 105, 1798. Reported from Tabasco. Jamaica; Peru. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 15 to 25 cm. long, long-acuminate, long-attenuate at base, 3-nerved, entire; spikes 10 to 15 cm. long; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals white, 2 mm. long. 22. Miconia bourgaeana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 772. 1891. Veracruz; type from Tuspango, near Cérdoba. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches furfuraceous; leaves broadly ovate to lance-oblong, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 or 7-nerved, obscurely denticulate, sparsely setulose above, hirtellous beneath; panicles 6 to 15 em. long; calyx 2 mm. long, stellate-furfuraceous ; petals 2 mm. long. 23. Miconia impetiolaris (Swartz) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 316. 1823. Melastoma impetiolare Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 70. 1788. Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Large shrub or tree, 5 to 8 meters high, the branches tomentose; leaves oblong to broadly obovate, 20 to 50 ecm. long, short-acuminate, auriculate at base, 3-nerved or quintuplinerved, undulate-denticulate, glabrate above, stel- late-hirtellous beneath : panicles 15 to 25 em. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals white or pink, 2 mm. long; fruit blue or black, 4 mm. in diameter. “ Hoja de pasmo” (Costa Rica): “ camasey,” ‘“ camasey de costilla” (Porto Rico). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1067 24. Miconia argentea (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 3: 182. 1828. Melastoma argenteum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 779. 1800. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Guatemala to Panama; type from the Mosquito Coast. Shrub or tree, 3 to 20 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in diameter ; bark gray; leaves ovate to rounded-elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, acute or rounded at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base, usually denticulate but sometimes entire, green and glabrate above; panicles 10 to 25 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 1.5 to 2 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long. “Cenizo,” “sabano” (Tabasco); “ Marfa,” “Santa Marfa,” “ Maria ecolorada,” “ eapi- lote” (Costa Riea); “capirote blanco” (Nicaragua); “ sirfin cacal” (Guate- mala, Seler); “cainillo,” ‘“canillo,” “ dos-caras,” “papelillo,” “ mancha- mancha ” (Panama) ; “ sirinén” (1 Salvador). The sapwood is described as thick and light brown and the heartwood as slightly darker; the wood is said to be moderately hard, durable, fine-grained, and susceptible of a fair polish. 25. Miconia albicans (Swartz) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 116. 1871. Melastoma albicans Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 786. 1800. Guerrero and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type from Jamaica. Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high, the branches whitish-tomentulose; leaves ovate- oblong, 6 to 13 cm. long, obtuse or acute, 5-nerved, emarginate at base, glabrate above, coriaceous; panicles thyrsiform, 5 to 15 em. long, the flowers secund; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals white, 2.5 mm. long; fruit blue, 4 mm. thick. “Mortifio ’ (Colombia). 26. Miconia stenostachya DC. Prodr. 3: 181. 1828. Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere. Central and South America; type from Brazil. Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches whitish-tomentulose; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long, acute, 5-nerved, glabrate above; panicles 5 to 15 em. long, the flowers secund; calyx 3.5 to 4 mm. long; petals white or pink, 3 to 3.5 mm, long; fruit blackish, 5 mm. thick. 27. Miconia scorpioides (Schlecht. & Cham.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 248. 1851. Melastoma scorpioides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 564. 1830. Miconia anceps Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III 16: 150. 1851. Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Central and South America. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, the branches minutely stellate- puberulent; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 25 cm. long, acuminate. attenuate at base, entire, glabrous above, very sparsely and minutely stellate- puberulent beneath; panicles 10 to 25 em. long; calyx 2 mm. long; petals 2.% mm. long. 28. Miconia ambigua (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 189. 1828. Melastoma ambiguum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 55. pl. 25. 1816. Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America ; type from Caripe, Venezuela. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches obscurely stellate-puberulent ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, glabrate, entire or nearly so; panicles 5 to 14 cm. long; calyx 1.5 to 2 mm. long; petals white, 2.5 to 3 mm. long. “Cirfn’”’ (El Salvador). 1068 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 29. Miconia calvescens DC. Prodr. 3: 185. 1828. Chiapas, Central and South America; type from Brazil. Tree, 4 to 6 meters high, the young branches minutely stellate-canescent ; leaves oblong to broadly ovate or obovate, 15 to 50 em. long, 7 to 40 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate, 5-nerved, entire, glabrate; panicles 20 to 50 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 3 mm. long; petals white, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit 4 mm. thick. 30. Miconia hyperprasina Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 186. 1851. Type from Teapa, Tabasco. Central America. Shrub or small tree, the branches sparsely furfuraceous or glabrate; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 15 to 80 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, thin, glabrate, repand-creaate or subentire; panicles 7 to 10 cm. long: calyx 3 mm. long; petals white, 2 mm. long. 31. Miconia laevigata (L.) DC. Prodr. 3: 188, 1828. Melastoma laevigatum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 390. 1762. Melastoma sylvaticum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 422, 1839, Miconia sylvatica Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 248. 1851. Guerrero, Oaxaca, Morelos, and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the young branches stellate-furfuraceous; leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 8 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base. entire or nearly so, glabrate; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long, furfuraceous; petals white or pink, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit blue or blackish, 3 mm. thick. “ Totopozole,” ‘“tezhuate” (Oaxaca, Reko): “ca- masey”’ (Porto Rico); “teshuate,” “ojo de gato” (Veracruz); “cirfn” (El Salvador). 32. Miconia langlassei Standl., sp. nov. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoac&in or Guerrero (Langlassé 845; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386227). Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the young branches glabrate; leaves elliptic-ob- long or ovate-oblong, 17 to 23 cm. long, 8 to 10.5 em. wide, apiculate, ab- ruptly decurrent nearly to the base of the petiole, thin, glabrate, triplinerved, the lateral nerves remote from the margin; panicles about 20 em. long, broadly pyramidal, the branches arcuate-ascending, the flowers 5-parted, mostly sessile; calyx 2 mm, long, minutely puberulent, repand-dentate; petals white, 2 mm. long; style 6 to 7 mm. long. To this species may be referred, for the present, Goldman 731, from Jaltipam, Veracruz. The specimen is in every way like the type of M. langlassei ex- cept that the leaf blades are rounded and auriculate at base. Similar varia- tion is exhibited by M. pteropoda Benth., a closely related species. 33. Miconia schlechtendalii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 804. 1891. Veracruz: type material from Hacienda de la Laguna and Misantla. Young branches furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, obscurely denticulate, glabrate ; panicles 3 to 7 cm. long, narrow, dense, the flowers sessile; calyx 2.5 mm. long; petals white, 2 mm. long; fruit black. This was listed by Hemsley as M. maximiliana DC. It is probably not distinct from M. prasina. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1069 34. Miconia prasina (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 3: 188. 1828. Melastoma prasinum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 69. 1788. Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves oblong or lance- oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, entire or nearly so, glabrate; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; petals white or pale pink, 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit black- purple, 4 mm. thick. “Camasey” (Porto Rico). The plant is said to yield a black dye. 35. Miconia globulifera Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIL. 16: 189. 1851. Melastoma globuliflorum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 564. 1830. Not M. globulifiora L. Rich. 1792. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches densely furfuraceous-tomentose ; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base and often oblique, setulose above, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; panicles 5 to 8 cm. long, the flowers sessile, clustered at the ends of the branches; calyx 3 mm. long; petals yellow, 3 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. thick. The writer has seen no material of I. liebmannii Cogn.,* which, judging from the description, must be very closely related if not identical. It was described from Oaxaca. 36. Miconia nervosa (Smith) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 111. 1871. Melastoma nervosum Smith in Rees, Cycl. 23. 1822. Reported from southern Mexico. Central and South America. Shrub, 2 meters high, the branches appressed-setulose ; leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, 10 to 30 em. long, long-acuminate, setulose above; panicles spici- form, 5 to 15 cm. long, the flowers sessile, densely congested; calyx 4 mm. long; petals red, 3.5 to 4 mm. long. 37. Miconia chrysoneura Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 111. 1871. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at base, appressed-setulose or hirtellous with yellowish hairs, entire or nearly so, septemplinerved; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, the flowers sessile, clustered at the ends of the branches; calyx 3 mm. ‘long; petals 3 mm. long. 38. Miconia ibaguensis (Humb. & Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 110. 1871. Melastoma ibaguense Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 105. pl. 45. 1816. Melastoma lineatum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 423. 1839. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cuba; Central and South America. Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 8 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, quintuplinerved, minutely ser- rulate or entire, setulose or glabrate above; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 3 mm. long; petals white or yellow, 2.5 to 38 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES MIcoNIA MAGNIFIcA Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 131. 1871. Described from cultivated plants which were believed to be of Mexican origin. 1In DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 821. 1891. 79688—24 Wi 1070 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 17. HETEROTRICHUM DC. Prodr. 3: 173. 1828. Shrubs with hispid-setose stems; leaves large, petiolate, usually 7-nerved, en- tire or serrulate; flowers 4 to 9-parted, chiefly in terminal panicles; calyx tube campanulate; petals obovate, obtuse, white or pink; stamens equal; fruit bac- cate. Leaves densely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers 8-parted, the panicles few- flowered___--_--__--__---_- 1, H. octonum. Leaves without stellate pubescence; flowers 4 or 5-parted, the panicles many- flowered______--__------__ 2. H. scopulinum. 1, Heterotrichum octonum (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 8: 178. 1828. Melastoma octonum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 7. pl. 4. 1816. Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Cuba; Central and South America. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches long-setose and stellate-tomentulose; leaves broadly ovate, 7 or 9-nerved, 10 to 20 ecm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, denticulate, setose above; calyx tube 4 to 5 mm. long, the lobes 2 to 3 mm. long; petals white, 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit 7 to 8 mm. long. Many of the inflorescences are axillary or lateral in this species. 2. Heterotrichum scopulinum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915. Type from Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas. Shrub, 1 meter high, the branches setose; leaves very broadly ovate, 10 to 18 cm. long, 7-nerved, acuminate, cordate at base, denticulate, setose above, fur- furaceous-villosulous beneath along the nerves; calyx tube 2.5 mm. long, hir- tellous ; petals pink, 3 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 18. OSSAEA DC. Prodr. 8: 168. 1828. 1. Ossaea micrantha (Swartz) Macfad. Fl. Jam. 2: 49. 1850. Melastoma micranthum Swartz, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. 71. 1788. Chiapas. Central and South America: type from Jamaica. Slender shrub, 2 to 83 meters high, the branches stellate-puberulent or gla- brate; leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, acuminate, acute at base, quintuplinerved, entire, glabrate; flowers 4-parted, in lax axillary panicles; calyx 2 mm. long, minutely denticulate; petals white, lanceolate, acute, 3 mm. long; fruit baccate, subglobose, 8-costate. 19. MAIETA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 448. 1775. 1. Maieta setosa (Triana) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 462. 1888. Calophysa setosa Triana in Seem. Journ. Bot. 5: 209. 1867. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from Chontales, Nicaragua. Shrub, 2 meters high, the stems densely covered with long stiff retrorse or spreading bristles; leaves petiolate, the petiole bearing at the apex a large bladderlike bilobate appendage; leaf blades oblong-ovate or broadly elliptic- ovate, 7 or 9-nerved, 10 to 25 ecm. long, acute, subcordate at base, long-setose; flowers 3 or 4-parted, in slender-pedunculate axillary cymes; calyx tube 2 mm. long, furfuraceous, the limb shallowly lobate, long-setose; buds bright red; petals pink, oblong, 8 mm. long; fruit baccate, 3 mm. in diameter. There is little doubt that Tococa vesiculosa DC. is the same plant, and that the proper name for this species is Maieta vesiculosa (DC.) Cogn.2 DeCan- *In Mart. Fl. Bras. 14‘: 468. 1888; Tococa vesiculosa DO. Prodr. 3: 166. 1828 ; Calophysa vesiculosa Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 140. 1871. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1071 dolle’s description was based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates," which illustrates a plant agreeing well with Maieta setosa except that the bristles of the stem are ascending rather than recurved. 20. CLIDEMIA D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 306. 1823. Shrubs, densely hairy; leaves petiolate, 8 to 7-nerved; entire or dentate; flowers 4 to 6-parted, small, variously arranged; calyx tube urceolate, the lobes short or elongate, interior lobes often developed within the outer lobes; petals oblong or obovate, obtuse; stamens equal or nearly so; fruit a small berry. Flowers 4-parted, glomerate in the axils and sessile-----------~-- 1. C. rubra. Flowers 5-parted, spicate, cymose, or paniculate, usually pedicellate. Flowers spicate__-___.---------------------------------- 2. C. dependens. Flowers cymose or paniculate. Interior calyx lobes well developed, 1 mm. long or longer. 3. C. chinantlana. Interior calyx lobes obsolete. Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube______--4, C, deppeana. Lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube. Hairs of the calyx conspicuously dilated below and stellate; cymes long-pedunculate____------ --- --- 5. C. laxiflora. Hairs of the calyx slender, simple; cymes usually sessile or short- pedunculate. Leaves broadly rounded or subcordate at base__________6. C. hirta. Leaves merely obtuse at base. Leaves entire or obscurely crenulate____---------- 7. Cc. dentata. Leaves duplicate-serrulate -- ___.8. C. naudiniana. 1. Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 152. 1832. Melastoma rubrum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 416. pl. 161. 1775. Sagraea rubra Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 137. 1871. Guerrero to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central and South America. Shrub, 1 meter high; leaves elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute, rounded at base, densely setose-pilose, 5-nerved ; calyx tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the lobes 1.5 mm. long; petals red or pink, 3 to 5 mm. long; fruit black, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 2. Clidemia dependens D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soe. 4: 307. 1823. Melastoma spicatum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 423. pl. 165. 1775. Clidemia spicata DC. Prodr. 8: 159. 1828. Not C. spicata D. Don, 1823. Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, densely setose and stellate-tomentose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, duplicate-dentate, 5 or q-nerved, setulose; flowers verticillate in the spikes; calyx tube 3 mm. long, the outer lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long, greenish white or pink; fruit blue-black, edible. 3. Clidemia chinantlana (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 135. 1871. Staphidium chinantlanum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 318. 1852. Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Leaves ovate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 8 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 7-nerved, denticulate, hirtellous above; panicles pyramidal, 1DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 336. 1072 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4 to 5 cm. wide; calyx tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the outer lobes 2 mm. long; petals white, 3 mm. long. 4. Clidemia deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 384. 1840. Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 562. 1830. Not M. petiolare Mill. 1768, Staphidium lindenianum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 814. 1852. Staphidium gracile Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 314. 1852. Clidemia petiolaris Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 135. 1871. Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatin; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central America. Slender shrub, the branches setose; leaves 5-nerved, ovate or ovate-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate-denticulate, Setose-pilose; cymes lax, few-flowered; calyx glandular-hirsute, the tube 3 mm. long, the lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long; petals pink, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. 5. Clidemia laxiflora (Schlecht.) Walp.; Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 376. 1852. Melastoma lawiflorum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 426. 1839. Tepic to Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central America. Branches densely spreading-setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or ellip- tic-ovate, 8 to 18 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, densely setose with long slender fulvous hairs, denticulate or subentire; cymes 3 to 9-flowered, long-pedunculate, the flowers all or chiefly sessile; calyx densely covered with long yellow subulate hairs, the tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the lobes linear, 8 to 5 mm. long; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit black. 6. Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 309. 1823. Melastoma hirtum L. Sp. Pl. 890. 1758. Staphidium chrysanthum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 310. 1852. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the stems setose and stellate-puberulent ; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, acuminate, entire or crenulate, 5 or 7-nerved, setose; calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes about 4 mm. long; petals white, pink, or yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruit blackish, 6 to 7 mm. long. “Camacey,” “camacey peludo” (Porto Rico); “grosella azulada” (Nica- ragua) ; “ mortifio” (Colombia), “ peluda ” (El Salvador). The fruit is sweet and edible. Clidemia serrulata (Schlecht.) Triana,’ the type of which came from Huitamalco, although maintained as distinct by Cogniaux, appears scarcely distinguishable from C. hirta and C. naudiniana, which are closely related to each other. It is doubtful, also, whether C. dentata is a distinct species, 7. Clidemia dentata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 808. 1823. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America to Peru. Shrub, 4 meters high or less, the branches setose-hirsute; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, long-acuminate, 5-nerved, unequal at base, setu- lose; cymes few-flowered ; calyx tube 4 mm. long, the lobes 4 to 6 mm. long; petals 6 mm. long, pink or purple; fruit 6 to 7 mm. long. *Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 135. 1871; Melastoma serrulatum Schlecht. Lin- naea 13: 425. 1889; Staphidium divaricatum Naud. Ann, Sci. Nat. III. 17: 315. 1852. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1078 8. Clidemia naudiniana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 990. 1891. Staphidium dependens Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITT. 17: 319. 1852. Not Cli- demia dependens D. Don, 1823. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Branches setose-hirsute; leaves ovate or lance-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, long- acuminate, 5-nerved, setulose ; cymes few-flowered ; calyx setose, the tube 3 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white, 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Colacién” (Tabasco). 21. BELLUCIA Neck. Elem. Bot. 2: 143. 1790. 1. Bellucia macrophylla (D. Don) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 142. 1871. ° Blakea macrophylla D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soe. 4: 326. 1823. Bellucia superba Naud, Ann. Sci, Nat. III. 16: 104, 1851. Reported from Tabasco; type from Mexico. Guatemala. Tree; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly elliptic, 20 to 80 em. long, abruptly acute, 5-nerved, coriaceous, when young densely tomentulose beneath but soon glabrous, entire; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate, long-pedicellate, 8-parted; calyx about 2 cm. broad, the limb divided into several lobes; petals oblong, 2 cm. long; fruit baccate. A related species, B. costaricensis Cogn., is known in Costa Rica as “ coro- nillo.” 22. BLAKEA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1044, 1759. 1. Blakea purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914. Type from Cerro del Boquer6n, Chiapas. Shrub, the branches terete, glabrate; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic, about 14 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, 5-nerved, en- tire, when young densely furfuraceous-tomentose beneath; flowers axillary, long-pedicellate, the calyx subtended by 4 bracts about 1.5 em. long; calyx tomentose, 6-dentate. 23. TOPOBEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 476. 1775. Shrubs, erect or scandent, often epiphytic; leaves petiolate, 3 to T-nerved, entire, with numerous transverse parallel nerves; flowers 6-parted, axillary or lateral, solitary or fasciculate, pink or white; subtended at base by 4 free or connate bracts; calyx campanulate, truncate or dentate; stamens equal or nearly so, the anthers subulate; fruit baccate, Leaves 5-nerved; pedicels mostly 5 mm. long or less____----1. T. calycularis. Leaves 3-nerved; pedicels mostly 10 to 15 mm. long---------- 2. T. laevigata. 1. Topobea calycularis Naud. Ann, Sci. Nat. III. 18: 149. 1852. Type from Zuluzu, Chiapas. Central America. Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the branchlets tetragonous; leaves oblong- elliptic, 8 to 18 cm. long, abruptly caudate-acuminate, acute at base, coriaceous, glabrous; bracts coriaceous, appressed, rounded, 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long, truncate and minutely 6-dentate; petals white or pink, ovate, acutish, 8 mm. long. 2. Topobea laevigata (Don) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 150. 1852. Blakea laevigata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 323. 1823. Melastoma laevigatum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 428. 1839. 1074 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Topobea fragrans Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITI. 18: 149. 1852. Veracruz. Guatemala. Erect shrub, 3.5 meters high, or epiphytic; leaves elliptic-obovate or oblong- obovate, 7 to 13 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, attenuate at base, coriaceous, glabrous: bracts rounded, 4 to 5 mm. long; calyx truncate, 7 to 8 mm. long; petals pink, 8 to 10 mm. long, obtuse. 24. MOURIRIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 452. 1775. Shrubs or small trees, glabrous throughout; leaves sessile, entire, coriaceous, I-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flowers small, fasciculate in the axils, 5-parted; calyx limb cupular; petals acute or acuminate; stamens 10, equal; fruit bac- cate, globose, 1 to 4-seeded. Leaves conspicuously pinnate-nerved, subcordate at base______ 1. M. muelleri. Leaves 1-nerved, the lateral nerves obsolete, rounded at base__2, M. parvifolia, 1. Mouriria muelleri Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1118. 1891. Oaxaca; type from Trapiche de la Concepci6n. Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 10 em. long, acute; peduncles solitary or geminate, 1 or 3-flowered, the pedicels 3 to 10 mm. long; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, the lobes very short, deltoid; petals ovate, 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. “ Yaglancito amarillo ” (Oaxaca, Reko),. 2. Mouriria parvifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 97. pl. 86. 1844. Tres Marfas Islands, Tepic. Guatemala to Panama. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, acute or acumi- nate; flowers solitary or fasciculate, the pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; calyx 38 min, long, the lobes linear-subulate, 3 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit glo- bose, 8 mm. in diameter. “Camar6n,” “capulfn verde” (El Salvador). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. MOURIRIA MEXICANA DC. Prodr. 3: 8. 1828. Description based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates. The leaves are shown as petiolate, and the plant probably does not belong to this genus and perhaps not to the family. 124, ONAGRACEAE, Evening-primrose Family. Shrubs or small trees, or often herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or dentate, estipulate; flowers commonly perfect, mostly axillary, regular or irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary and produced beyond it, the limb usually 4-lobate; petals commonly 4, contorted; stamens 1 to 8, the anthers oblong or linear; style filiform, the stigma entire or 4-lobate; fruit dry or fleshy. Numerous herbaceous plants of the family, representing several genera, occur in Mexico. Stamens 1 or 2. Fertile stamens 2_____-.----- 1. DIPLANDRA. Fertile stamen 1. Petals subulate, not clawed____...----- 2. SEMEIANDRA. Petals clawed_____-__------__--- 3. JEHLIA. *DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 361. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1075 Stamens 8. Seeds 1 in each cell of the fruit; ovary imbedded in the flowering branch. 4. BURRAGEA. Seeds few or numerous in each cell; ovary free from the flowering branch. I'ruit capsular; seeds winged or hairy. Seeds each with a tuft of hairs at apex___-------5. ZAUSCHNERIA. Seeds winged, not hairy. _ Seeds in 2 rows in each cell; flowers large-------------- 6. HAUYA. Seeds in a single row; flowers small 7, XYLONAGRA. Fruit baccate; seeds neither winged nor hairy__----------- 8. FUCHSIA. 1. DIPLANDRA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. 18389. A single species is known. 1. Diplandra lopezioides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. pl. 60. 1839. Tepic. Shrub, about 2 meters high, the stems covered with brown flaky bark ; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, serrate, acute, seabrous-hispidulous; flowers red, in terminal racemes, long- pedicellate, about 1 cm. long; calyx tube very short, the 4 lobes oblong-linear ; petals short, obovate ; stamens 2; fruit a 4-celled capsule, about 8 mm. long. 2. SEMEIANDRA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. 1839. Only the following species is known. 1. Semeiandra grandiflora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. pl. 59. 1839. Durango, Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic. Slender shrub, about 2 meters high, the branches finely puberulent ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. Jong, acute or obtuse, ser- rulate, puberulent; flowers pright red, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, axillary, forming leafy racemes, long-pedicellate ; calyx tube ventricose, the 4 lobes linear, 3 of them reflexed, the other erect; petals linear-subulate, half as long as the sepals or shorter ; stamens 2; fruit a globose capsule, about 6 mm. long. 3. JEHLIA Rose, Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 12: 297. 1909. A single species is known. 1. Jehlia grandiflora (Zucc.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 297. 1909. Lopezia grandiflora Zuce. Flora 15: Beibl. 101. 1832. Lopezia macrophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 83. 1841. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from “ Santiago.” Guatemala. Plants fruticose; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-ovate or lance-oblong, 6 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate or acute at base, serrulate, puberulent or glabrate; flowers bright red, about 2 cm. long, long-pedicellate, axillary, forming dense leafy racemes; ealyx tube very short, the 4 lobes lanceolate ; petals 4, unequal; stamens 2, one of them sterile; fruit a subglobose capsule, 4-celled, about 8 mm. long. 4. BURRAGEA Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Herb. 16: 297. 1913. Low shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, petiolate; flowers axillary, sessile; calyx tube very slender, elongate, the 4 sepals reflexed: petals 4; stamens 8, unequal; stigma capitate; ovary imbedded in the stem, 2-celled; capsule 1076 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2-celled, 2-seeded, imbedded in the flowering branch and tardily separating from it. Only two species are known. Stems puberulent wana aan ne - nee 1. B. fruticulosa. Stems glabrous Wott sn tae nn nnn ee 2. B. frutescens. 1. Burragea fruticulosa (Benth.) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 298, 1913. Gaura fruticulosa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 15. 1844. Gongylocarpus fruticulosus T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 158, 1889. Baja California ; type from Magdalena Bay. Plants 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves linear or oblanceolate-linear, 1.5 to 38 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, acute; calyx tube about 1.5 em. long; petals 1 em. long, rose-purple. 2. Burragea frutescens (Curran) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 298, 1913. Gongylocarpus frutescens Curran, Proc. Calif, Acad. II. 1: 281, 1888. Baja California ; type from Magdalena Bay. Shrub, 30 to 60 em. high, glabrous throughout, the branches usually purple ; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 7 mm. wide or less; calyx tube 2 to 2.5 em. long; petals 12 mm. long. 5. ZAUSCHNERIA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 28, 1831. 1. Zauschneria californica Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 28. pl. 52. 1831. Zauschneria mexicana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 29. 1831. Baja California and Sonora. California to New Mexico; type from Monterey, California, Plants herbaceous or shrubby, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves Sessile, the lower opposite, the upper alternate, lanceolate to ovate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, acute, entire or denticulate, densely pilose or glabrate; flowers bright red, 2 to 3 cm. long, in leafy spikes; calyx tube funnelform, the limb 4-lobate; petals 4; sta- mens 8, exserted; fruit a linear 4-celled capsule; seeds each with a tuft of hairs at apex, A showy plant, sometimes known as “ California fuchsia.” The species is a variable one, of which several Segregates have been described. 6. HAUYA DC. Prodr, 8: 36. 1828. REFERENCE: J. D. Smith and J. N. Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 288-296, 19138. Shrubs or trees; leaves large, entire; flowers large, axillary, solitary; calyx tube elongate, the lobes narrow ; petals 4, sessile; stamens 8; fruit a woody cap- sule, Flowers pedicellate. Calyx lobes Short-appendaged at apex... 1. H. rusbyi. Calyx lobes not appendaged_-_------ 2. H. barcenae. Flowers sessile, Calyx lobes not appendaged_-_--- 3. H. elegans. Calyx lobes appendaged__-.----.- 4. H. microcerata. 1. Hauya rusbyi Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 291. f. 48. 1913. Guerrero; type from Monte. Limén, altitude 1,350 meters. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1077 Small tree; leaves oval-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 6.5 to 12 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base, pilosulous; calyx tube 3 cm. long, the lobes 4 to 5 em. long; capsule 3.5 to 4 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick. 2. Hauya barcenae Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 13. 1878. Type from Huajuapan, Oaxaca. Tree, 12 meters high; leaves ovate-rounded, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, rounded at base, puberulent; calyx tube 3.5 cm. long, the lobes of the same length; capsule 5 em. long. 3. Hauya elegans DC. Prodr. 3: 36. 1828. Described from Mexico, the locality not known; reported from Hidalgo by Hemsley. Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaves lanceolate to rounded-ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, grayish-velutinous beneath; flowers about 12.5 cm. long; calyx lobes half as long as the tube; petals pink; capsule 3.5 cm. long. 4, Hauya microcerata Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 52: 46. 1911. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Santa Rosa. Leaves oblong to rounded, 7 to 11 cm. long, obtuse or subacute, velutinous- pilose; calyx tube 8 to 10 em. long, the lobes 3.5 to 4 cm. long; petals 3 cm. long; capsule 5 em. long. 7, XYLONAGRA Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 294. 1913. The genus consists of a single species. 1, Xylonagra arborea (Kellogg) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 294, 1913. Oenothera arborea Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 2: 32. 1859. Hauya californica 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 366. 1885. Hauya arborea Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 253. 1888. Dry hillsides, Baja California and the adjacent islands; type from Cedros Island. Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the branches brown, puberulent when young; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, lanceolate or oblong, 8 to 15 mm. long, en- tire, puberulent, gland-tipped; flowers racemose, 2 to 2.5 em. long, bright red; calyx lobes about half as long as the tube; petals red, 5 mm. long; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long, 4-celled. The shrub is abundant in some localities, forming small thickets. The racemes vary greatly in length, some of them consisting of only two or three flowers and others of as many as a hundred. After fruiting the racemes some- times develop terminal leafy shoots. 8. FUCHSIA L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753. Shrubs or small trees; leaves mostly opposite or verticillate, entire or den- tate; flowers small or large, pink, red, or purple, perfect or unisexual, axillary, racemose, or paniculate; calyx tube short or elongate, the limb 4-lobate; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit baccate, 4-celled, few or many-seeded. Most of the cultivated fuchsias are of South American origin, and some of the South American ones are grown in Mexican gardens, where they are known as “arete,” “Adelaida,” “ flor de arete,” “ aretillo,” “ fusia,” or “ flusia.” The fruits are edible, and those of F. splendens are said to be used in Guatemala for preserves. Some of the species are reported to have tonic, astringent, and febrifuge properties. T96ES88S—24—-16 1078 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stamens longer than the petals; flowers large, 3 to 7.5 cm. long. Flowers 5 to 7.5 em. long____-_ w---- + 1. F. fulgens. Flowers (excluding the ovary) 8 to 3.8 em. long. Calyx tube glabrous within, not ventricose above the ovary; petals ovate- rounded____-___-_-___-_-_ - --...2. F. intermedia. Calyx tube villosulous within, ventricose above the ovary; petals lance- ovate____--- _.3. F. splendens, Stamens shorter than the petals; flowers small, less than 2 cm. long. Flowers in terminal panicles, erect-_____________________ 4. F. arborescens. Flowers axillary, drooping. Young branches glabrous_-______-_______ _5. F. bacillaris, Young branches variously pubescent. Calyx tube and ovary glabrous_____-_______________ 6. F. microphylla. Calyx tube and ovary puberulent or pilose (sometimes very incon- spicuously so). Lobes of the calyx nearly or quite as long as the tube. Lobes longer than the tube; flowers about 6 mm. long; leaves serrulate__-_-_------- 7. F. minimiflora. Lobes equaling or slightly shorter than the tube; flowers 8 to 12 mm. long; leaves mostly entire-__.........___ 8. F. thymifolia. Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube. Calyx tube obconic____----__--_---__--_-- 9. F. pringlei. Calyx tube cylindric. Calyx hirsute or pilosulous ----10. F. chiapensis. Calyx puberulent. Leaves serrulate--__-..._-.--_-_-_--- 11. F. minutiflora. Leaves mostly entire--..--_-____-________ 12. F. parviflora. 1. Fuchsia fulgens DC. Prodr. 3: 39. 1828. Michoacan. Shrub, 0.3 to 1.2 meters high, with tuberous-thickened roots; leaves long- petiolate, broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 8 to 17 em. long, abruptly short- acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, serrulate, thinly pubescent or glabrate; flowers in short racemes, glabrate; calyx lobes 12 to 14 mm. long; petals half as long as the calyx lobes; fruit ellipsoid, 2 cm. long or larger. “ Adelaida,” “ aretillo,” “flor de arete.” 2. Fuchsia intermedia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 14. 1878. Type from Cumbre de Totontepeque, Oaxaca, altitude 3,000 meters. Guatemala. Shrub, the branchlets puberulent; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate, 10 to 12.5 cm. long, acuminate, obscurely denticulate; flowers axillary, pedicellate, nod- ding; calyx sparsely puberulent outside, the lobes half as long as the tube; petals a third as long as the calyx lobes. 8. Fuchsia splendens Zucc. Flora 18322: Beibl. 102. 1832. Chiapas, Guatemala. Shrub, the branchlets pubescent; leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 5 to 12.5 em. long, acuminate, denticulate, pubescent ; flowers axillary, nodding; calyx pilosulous, the lobes half as long as the tube; fruit 3.5 cm. long or even larger. 4. Fuchsia arborescens Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 2620. 1826. Fuchsia paniculata Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1856: 301. 1856. Fuchsia liebmanni Léveillé, Bull. Geogr. Bot. 22: 24. 1912. Michoacéiin to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1079 Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves opposite or ternate, oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acute or acu- minate, attenuate at base, entire or serrulate; flowers very numerous, pink or purplish, about 12 mm. long; lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube; fruit subglobose, 1 cm. in diameter. “ Don Diego de dia,” “ atexfichil ” (Mexico, Urbina) ; “ Adelaida” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Ramirez); “ aretillo ” (Michoacin, Ramirez); “chorros” (Jalisco, Villada); “ flor de arete” (Veracruz, Ramirez). 5. Fuchsia bacillaris Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1480. 1832. Michoacin to Chiapas; described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin. Guatemala. Shrub. 1 to 3 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, callous-serrulate, thick ; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long; lobes of the calyx equaling or shorter than the tube. 6. Fuchsia microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 103. pl. 534. 1823. Fuchsia mieta Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 15. 1878. Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Volcfn de Jorullo. Central America. Shrub, 2 meters high or less, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate to rounded, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, glabrous or nearly 80; flowers 10 to 14 mm. long; lobes of the calyx less than half as long as the tube. 7. Fuchsia minimiflora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 14. 1878. Morelos and Chiapas; type from Chiapas. Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, sparsely pubescent; flowers puberulent, the calyx lobes with long slender tips. 8. Fuchsia thymifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 104. pl. 585. 1823. Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Patzcuaro, Michoacin. Slender shrub, about a meter high, with puberulent branches; leaves ovate- lanceolate to orbicular, 1 to 5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex; flowers pur- plish red, the calyx tube obconiec. 9. Fuchsia pringlei Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 106. 1893. Tepie and Jalisco to Mexico; type from mountains near Patzcuaro, Michoacfn. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate to rounded, 5 to 25 mm. long, acute to rounded at apex, serrulate or entire, puberulent or glabrate ; flowers purplish, 6 to 8 mm. long. Probably not distinct from F. thymifolia. 10. Fuchsia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 59, 1914. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquer6n, Chiapas. Branches pilose or hirsutulous; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, pilose or pilosulous beneath, serrulate or entire; flowers about i cm. long. 11. Fuchsia minutiflora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 15. 1878. Michoacin to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Central America. Slender shrub, the branches puberulent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to rounded, 8 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, glabrous or puberulent; flowers purplish red, 6 to 10 mm. long. ° 1080 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 12. Fuchsia parviflora Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 387. 1831-36. Michoacin to Mexico and Chiapas, Central America. Shrub, the branches puberulent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic, 1 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute; flowers polygamous or dioecious, 8 to 15 mm. long. “ Sacatinta” (El Salvador). 125. ARALIACEAE. Ginseng Family, Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, sometimes epiphytic, the pubescence, if any, chiefly of branched hairs; leaves alternate, simple or compound, stipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, umbellate or capitate, small, greenish; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb short, truncate or dentate; petals usually 5; stamens as many as the petals; styles as many as the ovary cells; fruit baccate, containing 2 to 7 1-seeded nutlets. One of the best-known plants of the family is ginseng, Panag quinquefolium l., a native of the United States. The fleshy roots are exported to China, where they are highly valued for their Supposed medicinal virtues, and the Plant has been cultivated rather extensively in the United States to obtain the roots for export. The English ivy (“ hiedra extranjera ’’), Hedera helix 1, a slender vine with handsome, dark green, simple leaves, is sometimes cultivated in Mexico. Petals imbricate; leaves pinnate or bipinnate___---- 1, ARALIA. Petals valvate; leaves simple or digitately compound. Endosperm ruminate; flowers capitate; leaves simple or compound. 2. OREOPANAX. Endosperm not ruminate; flowers umbellate; leaves entire or lobate. 3. GILIBERTIA. 1. ARALIA L, Sp. Pl. 273. 1753. Shrubs, small trees, or herbs; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets toothed; flowers in umbels, these racemose or paniculate, the bracts small; calyx 5-dentate; petals 5, imbricate, greenish; stamens 5; fruit fleshy, com- posed of usually 5 carpels. The Mexican species are unarmed, but some of those of other regions are furnished with prickles. Leaflets glabrous beneath. Leaves once pinnate; leaflets subcordate at base________ 1, A. scopulorum. Leaves mostly bipinnate; leaves obtuse or acute at base____2. A. regeliana. Leaflets pubescent beneath. Pedicels glabrous_______-----_----- 3. A. humilis. Pedicels pubescent Leaves usually once pinnate; leaflets Serrulate, densely pubescent be- neath___--- 8 4. A. pubescens, Leaves bipinnate; leaflets sharply serrate, green and very sparsely pubes- cent beneath___--- 5. A. racemosa, 1. Aralia scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 165. pl. 8. 1889. Mountains of Baja California; type from Comondti Canyon. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, broadly ovate or elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, usually subeordate at base, coarsely crenate; umbels few, racemose, the pedicels puberulent; petals 3 mm. long; stylopodium conic. 2. Aralia regeliana Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 73. 1879. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1081 Shrub or small tree; leaflets long-petiolulate, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 7 em. long, long-acuminate, crenate-serrate or subentire, thin; umbels few, long-pedunculate, racemose, the pedicels glabrous; fruit about 5 mm. in. diameter. 3. Aralia humilis Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 7. pl. 313. 1797. ?Aralia brevifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 74. 1879. ?Aralia pinnata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1887. Chihuahua and Sonora to Morelos and Oaxaca. Southern Arizona. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with brown branches; leaves (except the upper- most) bipinnate, the leaflets oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, serrate or crenate, coarsely pubescent ; umbels numerous, paniculate ; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, 5-sulcate. 4. Aralia pubescens DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 80. 1813. Sonora to Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree, with thick corky bark; leaflets 5 to 11, ovate to broadly elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute or abruptly acuminate, rounded at base, densely and coarsely pubescent; umbels numerous, racemose-paniculate ; petals 2 mm. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter; styles united to form a slender beak. ‘“ Cuajilotillo” (Sinaloa). It is not certain that the plant described here is the one described by De Candolle as Aralia pubescens, but it is a species quite distinct from A. humilis. Aralia pubescens may be a synonym of A. humilis. 5. Aralia racemosa L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753. Mountains of Chihuahua and Durango. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada. Plants herbaceous or sometimes woody, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets broadly ovate, 5 to 15 em. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, thin, sharply serrate, the teeth cuspidate-apiculate ; umbels numerous, racemose- paniculate; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dark purple. In the United States the plant is known as “American spikenard.” The roots are fragrant and have an aromatic sweetish flavor. They have been much used medicinally, chiefly in domestic practice, for their gently stimulant, diaphoretic, and alterative action, particularly in rheumatic, syphilitic, and cutaneous affections. In their properties they resemble sarsaparilla. DOUBTFUL SPECIES ARALIA CHILAPENSIS Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1887. Type from Chilapa, Guerrero. The leaflets are said to be glabrous. 2. OREOPANAX Decaisne & Planch. Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854. Shrubs or trees, sometimes epiphytic; leaves long-petiolate, entire, lobed, or digitately compound; flowers capitate, polygamo-dioecious, the heads race- mose or paniculate; calyx entire or nearly so; petals 4 to 7, usually 5, valvate; fruit 2 to 7-celled. Leaves simple, entire or with a few low teeth. Flower heads sessile- - _--1, 0. platyphyllum. Flower heads pedunculate. Staminate heads 5 to 7-flowered; pistillate heads usually 2-flowered. 2, O. liebmanni. Staminate heads 20 to 50-flowered; pistillate heads 5 to 12-flowered. Leaves glabrous_____-------------------------------- 3. O. capitatum. Leaves stellate-pubescent, densely so beneath_-_-----~- 4. O. flaccidum. 1082 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves deeply lobed or digitately compound. Leaves deeply lobed_-__---_-.__-..--- 5. O. salvinii. Leaves digitately compound. Leaflets sessile; bractlets densely pale-tomentose with long soft hairs, concealing the flowers; leaflets 4.5 to 12 cm. wide, covered with Stalked stellate hairs.._........3 6, O. echinops. Leaflets petiolulate; bractlets glabrate or puberulent, not concealing the flowers; leaflets mostly 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, rarely wider, glabrous, or the pubescence of the upper surface, at least, of sessile stellate hairs. Leaflets densely stellate-pubescent beneath, the hairs stalked. 7. O, langlassei. Leaflets glabrous beneath, or the pubescence of minute sessile stellate hairs____------ 8. O. xalapense. 1. Oreopanax platyphyllum Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 88. 1879. Type from Jocotepec (Oaxaca ?). Plants glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or rounded- ovate, 10 to 20 cm. wide, with 2 or 3 triangular teeth or entire, thin; panicles 8 to 12 cm. long, the heads 1 em. in diameter, the pistillate ones 5 to 8-flowered ; fruit 7-sulcate. 2. Oreopanax liebmanni Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. IT. 47: 87. 1879. Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from “Alpatlahua.” Guatemala. Plants glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 8 em. wide, abruptly acuminate, cuneate or obtuse at base, entire, coriaceous; panicles 8 to 20 em. long; fruit 5-seeded. 3. Oreopanax capitatum (Jacq.) Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 108. 1854. Aralia capitata Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 89. pl. 61. 17638. Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, usually epiphytic, sparsely puberulent in the inflorescence, otherwise glabrous; leaves ovate, elliptic, or rounded, 10 to 25 cm. long or larger, acute to rounded at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse to subcordate at base, coriaceous; panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, the staminate heads about 5 mm. in diameter; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, 4, Oreopanax flaccidum, Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II, 47: 84. 1879. Veracruz and Puebla, and perhaps elsewhere; type from Huitamalco. Tree; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 13 to 30 cm. long, short- acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire, coarsely stellate-pubescent or finally glabrate; panicles large, the heads numerous; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter. 5. Oreopanax salvinii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 16. 1878. Oreopanar jaliscanum 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 151. 1890. Aralia lobata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894. Sonora to Oaxaca and Puebla. Guatemala; type from Volefin de Fuego. Tree, 12 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate, 15 to 50 em. wide, deeply cordate at base, deeply 5 or 7-lobate, the lobes broad or narrow, obtuse to acuminate, sinuate-lobate, when young densely stellate-tomentose beneath but in age often glabrous; panicles very large, the heads small, numerous, long- stalked; fruit black, 2-celled, about 6 mm. in diameter. “ Mano de leén” (Sinaloa). The leaves vary greatly in shape and pubescence, but there is no ap- parent reason for recognizing more than a single species. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1083 6. Oreopanax echinops (Schlecht. & Cham.) Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 108. 1854. Aralia echinops Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 400 1830. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Shrub or tree, densely and coarsely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaflets 5 (some of the leaves occasionally only lobed), obovate or oblong-obovate, 9 to 26 em. long, sessile, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate, thin, remotely sinuate- dentate or subentire; heads 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, on stout peduncles, in long simple racemes, very dense and many-flowered, the bractlets cuspidate- acuminate. 7. Oreopanax langlassei Standl., sp. nov. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 1,750 meters (Langlassé 796; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 386193). Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaves (only one seen) long- petiolate, the leaflets 7, slender-petiolulate, narrowly lance-oblong, 10 to 14 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, cuneate at base, entire, finely pubescent above with sessile stellate hairs, coarsely pubescent beneath with stipitate stellate hairs; racemes very long (40 cm. or more) and slender, densely stellate-pubescent, the peduncles slender, about 2.5 cm. long; staminate heads 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dense, many-flowered. 8. Oreopanax xalapense (H. B. K.) Decaisne & Planch. Rev. Hort. 1854: 108. 1854. Aralia xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 8. 1821. Monopanaz ghiesbreghtii Regel, Gartenflora 18: 35. pl. 606. 1869. Oreopanaz thibautii Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 104: pl. 6840. 1878. Oreopanar taubertianum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19: 4. 1894. Oreopanazr loesenerianum Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: 127. 1896. Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub or small tree, sometimes epiphytic; leaflets 5 to 9, narrowly oblong to obovate, 8 to 30 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, entire or serrate toward the apex, when young usually minutely stellate-pubescent beneath but soon gla- brate; heads 5 to 15 mm. in diameter, in long racemes; fruit black. “ Higuera ” (Costa Rica); “brasil” (Hl Salvador). The rather ample material available exhibits notable diversity in size and shape of leaflets and size of heads, and it may be that more than a single species is represented. Much more material is necessary, however, before this can be determined, and it seems probable to the writer that all the specimens represent a single variable species. O. taubertianum is a form with serrate leaflets, O. loesenerianum is noteworthy for the small staminate heads, which are only 5 mm. in diameter. 3. GILIBERTIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 50. 1794. Glabrous shrubs or trees; leaves simple, entire or 3-lobate, long-petiolate ; umbels paniculate or umbellate, the bracts minute or none; flowers perfect; calyx entire or 5 or 6-denticulate ; petals 5 or 6; fruit fleshy, 5 or 6-celled. Lateral nerves of the leaves ascending at an acute angle.____ 1. G. arborea. Lateral nerves divaricate horizontally_------------------- 2. G. juergenseni. 1. Gilibertia arborea (l.) Marchal, Bull. Soe. Bot, Belg. 30: 281, 1891. Aralia arborea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 967. 1759. Hedera alaris Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 605. 1834. 1084 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Dendropanar arboreum Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854. Dendropanaz alare Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854. ?Gilibertia populifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II, 47: 77. 1879. ?Dendropanax langeanum Marchal, Bull, Acad. Brux. Il. 47: 79. 1879, Gilibertia insularis Rose, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 83. 1899. Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America. Tree, 8 to 20 meters high, the branches whorled; leaves oblong to broadly ovate, 10 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, entire, those on young shoots often 3 or 5-lobate; umbels few, the pedicels 5 to 10 mm. long; fruit black, about 6 mm. in diameter. “Palo santo” (Tamaulipas) ; “palo de danta,” “mano de danta” (Oaxaca); “mano de le6n” (Durango, Sinaloa, El Salvador) ; “cacho de venado” (Costa Rica); “vfibona ” (Cuba, Porto Rico) ; “ palo cachimba,” “ bfbona,” “ramén de vaca,” “ahorea jfbaro” (Cuba); “pana,” “ palo cachumba,” “ mufieca ” (Porto Rico); “ vaquero ” (Panama). The wood is said to be fibrous, rather heavy, yellow, with reddish heartwood. It is little used except for fuel. The leaves are employed in Tamaulipas as a remedy for fever, The writer has seen no authentic material of Marchal’s species, but the descriptions do not Suggest any important differences. Gilibertia populifolia was made the type of a new subgenus because of its 6-parted (rather than 5-parted) flowers, but the flowers of G. arborea appear to be variable in the number of their parts, Aralia fruticosa, A. tuxtlensis, and A. longifolia of Sess6 and Mocifio! are probably synonyms of this species, 2. Gilibertia juergenseni (Seem.) Stand]. Dendropanar juergenseni Seem. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 2: 301. 1864. Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong, 18 cm. long and 10 cm. wide or smaller, acuminate, entire, attenuate at base; umbels compound. Known to the writer only from the original description; perhaps only a form ef G. arborea. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. DENDROPANAX CITRIFOLIUM Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854. A nomen nudum. Hemsley, under this name, cites a specimen from Oaxaca. 126. CORNACEAE. Dogwood Family. REFERENCE: Wangerin in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 56a, 229. 1910. Shrubs or small trees ; leaves opposite, entire, deciduous or persistent, estipu- late; flowers small, perfect or dioecious; calyx 4 or 5-toothed ; petals 4 or 5, valvate; stamens 4 or 5; fruit a drupe or berry. Flowers dioecious, in ament-like racemes__.----- 1. GARRYA. Flowers perfect, in heads or cymes. 2. CORNUS. 1. GARRYA Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: pl. 1686. 1834. Shrubs or small trees ; leaves persistent, opposite, petiolate, entire, coriaceous ; flowers small, dioecious, in ament-like racemes, the staminate pedicellate, the pistillate sessile or nearly so; staminate flowers with 4 valvate sepals, without petals, the stamens 4; pistillate flowers without perianth ; fruit baccate, 1 or 2-seeded. * Fl. Mex. 86, 87, 1894, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1085 Garrya fremontii Torr., of Oregon and California, is known as “ feverbush,” “ skunkbush,” or “ quinine-bush.” The bitter leaves contain an alkaloid, garry- ine, and are used in California as a tonic and antiperiodic. Inflorescences simple; flowers usually 3 in each bract__-------- 1. G. veatchii. Inflorescences all or mostly branched; flowers solitary in the bracts. Plants glabrous throughout___-_________________---_____ 2. G. glaberrima. Plants variously pubescent. Leaves all or mostly less than twice as long as broad, elliptic or ovate- elliptic. Leaves glabrous beneath or sparsely sericeous_____-_---- 3. G. wrightii. Leaves, at least when young, covered beneath with loose curled hairs__-____________ eee 4. G. ovata. Leaves mostly two and one-half to four times as long as broad, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or lanceolate. Bracts of the fruiting racemes linear or linear-lanceolate; leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves glabrous beneath or with sparse appressed hairs. 5. G. salicifolia. Leaves with short curved hairs beneath_____.--___-_ 6. G. longifolia. Bracts, at least the lower ones, large and resembling the leaves; leaves mostly rounded or obtuse at apex_--_---_--------- 7. G. laurifolia. 1. Garrya veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 40. 1873. Garrya flavescens palmeri S. Wats.; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 276. 1880. Garrya veatchii palmeri Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 36: 458. 1903. Baja California: type from Cedros Island. Southern California. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the young shoots sericeous; leaves ovate- lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrate and lustrous above, tomentulose beneath; fruiting racemes 2.5 to 5 cm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 2. Garrya glaberrima Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 56a: 12. 1910. Type from Encarnaci6n, Jalisco. Glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5 to 6 cm. long, mucronulate, lustrous above; pistillate racemes few-flowered, 4.5 cm. long or less; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in diameter. 8. Garrya wrightii Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 136. 1856. Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branchlets sericeous; leaves elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, mucronulate, in age glabrous or nearly so; pistillate racemes 3 to T cm. long, the lower bracts foliaceous ; fruit dark blue, 4 to T mm. in diameter. 4. Garrya ovata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 14. 1839. Garrya goldmanii Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 157. 1913. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf and Puebla; type from Guanajuato. Western Texas and southern New Mexico. Shrub, 0.5 to 8 meters high, the branchlets tomentulose; leaves 2.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or subacute, when young usually densely tomentulose on both surfaces, in age glabrate and lustrous above; fruit dark blue, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter. Wangerin gives as a vernacular name “ jaraskigo,” which must be a corrup- tion of some Mexican word. 1086 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 5. Garrya salicifolia Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 36: 463, 1903. Mountains of Baja California; type from Sierra de la Laguna. Shrub, 3.5 to 5.5 meters high, the branchlets sericeous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, soon glabrate; fruit globose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. 6. Garrya longifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 55. 1903. Morelos; type from Sierra de Tepoxtlin, altitude 2,500 meters. Small tree, the branchlets cinereous-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, 6 to 10.5 cm. long, glabrate on the upper surface; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter. 7. Garrya laurifolia Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 14. 1839. Garrya macrophylla Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 50. 1840. Garrya oblonga Benth. Pl. Hartw. 51. 1840. Garrya racemosa Ramfrez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 1: 298. 1895. Garrya gracilis Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich LV. 56a: 16. 1910. Chihuahua to Veracruz, Chiapas, and Jalisco; type from Guanajuato. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, the branchlets cinereous- tomentulose; leaves mostly oblong, lance-oblong, or oblanceolate-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, soon glabrate; fruit dark blue, glabrous, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. “Cuauchichic,” “ chichicuahuitl,” “ quauhchichic” (Mexico, Hidalgo, etc.) ; “cuahuchichi” (Morelos) ; “zapotillo”; “ovitano”; “guachichi” (Oaxaca, Reko; from the Nahuatl cuauchichic, “ bitter-tree’’). The bark is very bitter and is said to contain an active principle, garryine. It is much used in Mexico as a remedy for diarrhoea. This species is slightly variable, and several varieties are recognized by Wangerin, but none of them appear to be of systematic importance. One col- lection reported from Chihuahua by Wangerin as G. ovata lindheimeri (Torr.) Coult. & Evans is referable to G. laurifolia. 2. CORNUS L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753. Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire; flowers small, perfect, cymose or capitate, the heads sometimes involucrate; calyx limb turbinate or campanu- late, 4-dentate; petals 4, valvate; stamens 4; fruit drupaceous. Flowers in cymes. Stone of the fruit compressed; leaves usually with 5 or 6 pairs of nerves. 1. C. stolonifera. Stone not compressed, terete; leaves usually with 2 to 4 pairs of nerves. 2. C, excelsa. Flowers capitate. Head surrounded by 4 large petal-like bracts______________ 3. C. urbiniana. Head surrounded by small green bracts__________________ 4, C. disciflora. 1. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor, Amer. 1:92. 1803. Cornus nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 54. 1903. Chihuahua. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems reddish purple, the young branches strigose-sericeous; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute, pale beneath and sparsely sericeous; cymes 2.5 to 5 cm. wide; petals white, 4 mm. long; fruit white or bluish, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. The red-osier dogwood is common along streams in the United States, espe- cially in the West. The branches were often employed by the Indians in mak- ing baskets. This is one of the plants to which the name kinnikinnick has been given, the leaves and inner bark having been smoked, either alone or mixed with tobacco, by the Indians. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1087 2. Cornus excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 430. 1818. Cornus tolucensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 430. 1818. Cornus declinata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 29, 18938. Cornus lanceolata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 55. 1903. Tepic to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Chiapas; type collected between Chaleco and the City of Mexico. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 7.5 meters high or less, the branches purplish or brown, puberulent at first; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, long-acuminate, thinly strigillose or pilosulous beneath or glabrate; cymes rather few-flow- ered; petals white, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; fruit pale blue, 5 to 6 mm. in diam- eter. “Palo de membrillo” (San Luis Potosf) ; “ topoza ” (Mexico, Veracruz) ; “tepeacuilotl,” “ tepecuilo,” “ tepecuilote ” (Valley of Mexico); “ aceitunillo” (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana); “ jazmin cimarr6én” (Mexico). The bark is employed locally as a tonic and astringent. Palmer reports that in San Luis Potos{ the tough branches are used for fastening down the roofs of houses. This species was reported by Sessé and Mocifio as C. alba. 3. Cornus urbiniana Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 53. 1903. Cornus florida urbiniana Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 229: 87. 1910. Veracruz; type from Cerro de San Cristébal, near Orizaba. Large shrub or small tree; leaves ovate-elliptic, 7 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, glabrate above, pale beneath and sericeous-strigillose; flower heads peduncu- late, the bracts white and petal-like, oblong or narrowly obovate, 5 cm. long or less; fruit red. “Corona de Montezuma,” “corona de San Pedro.” This is very closely related to C. florida L., the flowering dogwood, one of the handsomest trees of the United States. The Mexican plant differs chiefly in its narrower bracts, and it is doubtful whether it is more than a mere form of Cornus florida, under which name it was reported by Hemsley. Cornus florida, as found in the United States, is a tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with hard, tough, close-grained, red-brown wood, with a specific gravity of about 0.81. The wood is much used for wheel hubs, tool handles, and other articles, and has been used as @ source of charcoal for gunpowder. The bark is reputed to be tonic, astringent, and febrifuge, and was formerly employed in the southern states as a substitute for quinine. The berries were used in the same way. From the roots the Indians obtained a scarlet dye. The flowering dogwood is frequently cultivated. The most showy form is Cornus florida rubra Rehder, in which the bracts are red or pink. 4, Cornus disciflora DC. Prodr. 4: 273. 1830. Cornus grandis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830. Cornus capitata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 28. 1893. Not C. capitata Wall. 1820. Cornus floccosa Wang. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 6: 101. 1908. Tepic to Zacatecas, Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Central America. Shrub or small tree; leaves lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, pale beneath and sericeous-strigillose or tomentulose; flower heads pedunculate, 12 to 25-flowered; petals whitish, 3 to 3. mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 12 to 14 mm. long, purplish. ‘ Xochilcorona ” (Michoacin, Veracruz, Oaxaca). Cornus floccosa is a form in which the leaves are floceose-villosulous be- neath, while in the typical form all the hairs are straight and closely ap- pressed. The extremes appear distinct, but there are intermediate forms, and in some specimens in the National Herbarium both forms of pubescence occur upon separate leaves of the same branch. 1088 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 127. CLETHRACEAE. Clethra Family. 1. CLETHRA LI. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or toothed; flowers per- fect, in terminal, simple or branched racemes; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes imbri- cate, persistent ; petals 5, white, imbricate, deciduous; stamens 10, the anthers sagittate, opening by apical pores; fruit a 3-lobed, loculicidally 3-valvate cap- sule. Leaves glabrous beneath.-___._--_------- 1. C. suaveolens. Leaves finely or coarsely tomentose beneath. Pedicels shorter than the calyx, very stout. Leaves covered beneath with a minute, very close tomentum. 2. C. alcoceri. Leaves covered beneath with a coarse loose tomentum____3. C. mexicana. Pedicels all or mostly as long as the calyx, comparatively slender. Calyx 2.5 to 8 mm. long; leaves with a fine close tomentum beneath. Pedicels mostly 7 to 12 mm, long___-__-__..... | 4. C. pringlei. Pedicels mostly 2 to 4 mm. long.___.... 5. C. macrophylla. Calyx 8 to 5 mm. long; leaves with a coarse loose tomentum beneath. Leaves coarsely and sharply serrate_......--.-..- 6. C. rosei. Leaves entire, undulate-dentate, or serrulate, Leaves oblong_-----_---------- 7. C. hartwegi. Leaves mostly obovate__-....--.-- 8. C. lanata. 1. Clethra suaveolens Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 362: 230. 1863. Type from Chiapas, at an altitude of 2,100 meters. Guatemala. Branches glabrous or nearly so; leaves mostly oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire; racemes 10 to 16 cm. long, the slender pedicels 3 to 8 mm. long; calyx tomentose, about 4 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long. 2. Clethra alcoceri Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 240. 1905. Known only from the type locality, Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,590 meters. Small tree, the branchlets brown-tomentulose: leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 14 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, serrate, glabrate above; racemes 10 to 20 em. long, the pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long; petals erose-fimbriate. 3. Clethra mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 590. 1839. Clethra obovata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 302. 1837. Not C. obovate Ruiz & Pav. 1834, Clethra quercifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: pl. 23. 1842. ?Kowalewskia serrulata Turcez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 82': 264, 1859. ?Clethra serrulata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 362: 233. 1863. Clethra palmeri Britton, N. Amer, Fl. 29: 8. 1914. Clethra schlechtendalii Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 370. 1919. Durango to Veracruz, Morelos, Guerrero, and Michoacan. Shrub or small tree, 9 meters high or less, the branchlets brownish-tomentose ; leaves obovate to oval, 6 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, serrate or entire, densely tomentose beneath: racemes dense, 10 to 20 em. long; pedicels 1.5 to 4 mm. long; calyx 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long. “ Jaboncillo ” (Durango). The flowers, as in other species, are very fragrant. STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1089 4. Clethra pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 157. 1890. San Luis Potosf{; type from Tamasopo Canyon. Tree, 9 to 15 meters high, the trunk 30 to 45 cm. in diameter; leaves obovate or oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous above ; racemes lax, 10 to 25 em. long; petals short-fimbriate; capsule tomentulose, 3 to 4 mm. broad. 5. Clethra macrophylla Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 539. 1842. Veracruz; type material collected near Totutla and Mirador. Small tree, the branchlets closely brownish-tomentulose; leaves obovate or oblong-elliptic, 12 to 20 em. long, acute or subacuminate, green and glabrate above; racemes 10 to 15 cm. long, lax; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long. 6. Clethra rosei Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 6. 1914. Known only from the type locality, near Colomas, Sinaloa. Branchlets brown-tomentose; leaves oblong, 6 to 11 cm. long, acute or obtuse, pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath; racemes 10 to 12 cm. long, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; capsule 3 mm. broad. , Clethra hartwegi. Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 6. 1914. Known only from the type locality, Bolafios, Jalisco. Branchlets tomentose; leaves 10 to 12 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, entire or undulate, dentate, pubescent above or glabrate, tomentose beneath ; racemes 8 to 12 cm. long. 8. Clethra lanata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 538, 1842. Kowalewskia integerrima Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 32': 264. 1859. Olethra kowalewskii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367: 233. 1863. Clethra galeottiana Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 871. 1919. Clethra confusa Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 372. 1919. Clethra guadalajarensis Briq. Ann. Cons, Jard. Genéve 20: 373. 1919. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Central America. Tree, 6 to 12 meters high, the branchlets brown-tomentose; leaves 6 to 15 em. long, rounded to subacute at apex, usually cuneate at base, thick, entire or sparsely dentate, glabrate above; racemes 8 to 20 cm. long, dense; capsule 4 mm. broad. “Mameyito negro” (Oaxaca, Reko); “mama malhuaztili ” (Altamirano & Ramtrez) ; “nance” (Costa Rica) ; “ tepezapote,” “ terciopelo,” “zapotillo de montafia” (El Salvador). 128. PYROLACEAE. Pyrola Family. REFERENCE: Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 21-82. 1914. Several species of Pyrola occur in Mexico. 1. CHIMAPHILA Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 279. 1814. Plants low, suffrutescent, with creeping rootstocks ; leaves opposite or sub- verticillate, leathery, persistent, serrate; flowers perfect, in few-flowered termi- nal umbels or racemes; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens 10, the anthers opening by terminal tubes; style nearly obsolete, the stigma peltate, 5-radiate; fruit a 5-celled capsule. Dilated portion of the filament glabrous or ciliolate; leaves mostly oblanceo- late, green, not mottled___----------------------------- 1, C. umbellata. Dilated portion of the filament villous: leaves lanceolate or ovate, mottled with light and dark green_--~--~~--------- oe eee 2, C. maculata. 1090 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton, Veg. Nat. Med. 1: 17. 1817. Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 396. 1753. Chimaphila wmbellata mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 775. 1839. Chimaphila mexicana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 31. 1914. In mountain forests, Veracruz, Mexico, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Widely dis- tributed in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Plants 10 to 40 em. high, the stems simple or branched; leaves in whorls of 4 to 7, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, sharply serrate, short-petiolate, glabrous; flowers long-pedicellate; sepals broadly ovate; petals pink, 7 mm. long, oval; capsule 6 to 10 mm. in diameter. The Mexican form is C. umbellata mexicana DC., but it differs only slightly from the European plant, and scarcely seems worthy of special designation. 2. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 300. 1814. Pyrola maculata L. Sp. Pl. 896. 1758. Chimaphila maculata acuminata Lange, Nat. For. Kjjbenhavn Vid. Medd. 1867: 112. 1868. Chimaphila acuminata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 31. 1914. Chimaphila guatemalensis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl, 29: 32. 1914. Chimaphila dasystemma Torr.; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 32. 1914. In mountain forests, Chihuahua and Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cen- tral America; eastern United States. Stems 10 to 20 cm. high; leaves in few whorls, oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; inflorescence 1 to 4-flow- ered, the flowers long-pedicellate; sepals rounded-ovate, ciliolate; petals oval or orbicular, 6 to 8 mm. long, white or pink; capsule 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. The Mexican material varies appreciably in leaf shape, but the forms do not appear to differ constantly from typical C. maculata. 129. ERICACEAE. Heath Family. REFERENCE: Small, N, Amer. Fl. 29: 83-102. 1914. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or rarely opposite, estipulate, persistent, leathery, entire or serrate; flowers perfect, usually in racemes or panicles; calyx of 4 to 7 distinct or partially united sepals; corolla of 4 to 7 distinct or united petals; stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes, the an- thers 2-celled, often appendaged; style compound, the stigma minute, discoid; fruit a capsule, drupe, or berry. Corolla of distinct petals. Fruit a capsule - 1. BEFARIA. Corolla of united petals. Fruit a capsule, the calyx dry, not accrescent. Calyx lobes imbricate in bud; pubescence not lepidote___2. LEUCOTHOE. Calyx lobes valvate or separated in bud; pubescence of scales. 3. XOLISMA. Fruit baccate or drupaceous, or capsular but surrounded by the fleshy ac- crescent calyx. Fruit capsular, surrounded by the fleshy accrescent calyx. 4, GAULTHERIA. Fruit baccate or drupaceous. Fruit drupaceous; cells of the ovary 1-ovulate. 5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Fruit baccate; cells of the ovary few or many-ovulate. Fruit papillose; large shrubs or trees_____________ 6. ARBUTUS. Fruit smooth; low shrubs_____...----_--- 7. PERNETTIA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1091 1. BEFARIA Mutis; L. Mant. Pl. 152. 1771. Shrubs; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, persistent, entire; flowers in ter- minal panicles; calyx campanulate, 6 or 7-lobate; petals 6 or 7, ascending or spreading, narrow; stamens 12 or 14, the anthers opening by apical pores; capsule depressed, shallowly 6 or T-lobate, septicidal. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so------------ 1. B. laevis. Branches of the inflorescence densely viscid-pilose. Petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long---------- - 2. B. discolor, Petals 2.5 to 4 em. long___..------------------------------ 3. B. mexicana. 1. Befaria laevis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1840. Befaria glabra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91; 543. 1842. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Talea, Oaxaca. Branches glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 8 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous, bright green above, glaucous beneath ; flowers long-pedicellate; petals pink, 12 to 20 mm. long. ‘“ Cruz de Mayo” (Puebla). 2. Befaria discolor Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1840. Befaria floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 543. 1842. Jurgensia mexicana Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 201: 151. 1847. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Talea, Oaxaca. Branches viscid-hispid; leaves ovate or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, glaucous beneath and pubescent or glabrate; petals spatulate, pink. 3. Befaria mexicana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 15. 1839. Zacatecas to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from Zacatecas. Branches hispid; leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, glaucous beneath and pubescent, at least along the costa. “Rosa del monte” (Oaxaca). 2. LEUCOTHOE D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 159, 1834. 1. Leucothoe mexicana (Hemsl.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29:57. 1914. Andromeda meaicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 282. 1881. Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco. Guatemala. Shrub; leaves alternate, petiolate, persistent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base, entire, glabrous; flowers in small axillary corymb-like panicles, the branches puberulent; calyx 4 mm. broad, the 5 lobes broadly ovate; corolla cylindric-urceolate, 8 to 12 mm. long, white, minutely 5-dentate; stamens 10; fruit a 5-lobed septicidal capsule. 3. XOLISMA Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 4: 193. 1819. 1, Xolisma squamulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 66. 1914. Lyonia squamulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 542. 1842. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Cofre de Perote, Veracruz. Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves alternate, petiolate, persistent, elliptic, oval, or obovate-elliptic, 2 to 4 em. long, rounded to acute at apex, leathery, entire, lepidote beneath; flowers in small dense axillary clusters; calyx lobes ovate, acute; corolla white, urceolate, 3 to 4 mm. long, lepidote; capsule 3.5 to 4 mm. long, subglobose, septicidal. 1092 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. This is very closely related to X. ferruginea (Walt.) Heller (Andromeda ferruginea Walt.), of the southern United States, and has been referred to that species by Hemsley and others. The Mexican plant differs only in its slightly shorter capsules and it is doubtful whether it represents a distinct species. 4. GAULTHERIA I. Sp. Pl. 395. 1753, Shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, usually toothed; flowers racemose or paniculate; calyx persistent, the lobes longer than the tube; corolla campanu- late or urceolate, with 5 spreading or recurved lobes; stamens 10, the anthers 2-awned, opening by terminal pores ; fruit berry-like, fleshy, the capsule inclosed in the accrescent calyx. Gaultheria procumbens L., of the United States and Canada, is the winter- green or checkerberry, from which wintergreen oil is obtained. The fruits of some of the species are edible. The names “ajocopaque,” “ axocopaque,” and “axocaponi” are applied in southern Mexico to various species. The leaves are aromatic, and Hernandez relates that they were used for flavoring chocolate and other beverages, and that they were laid among clothing to impart an agreeable odor and to keep away insects. The branches are even now employed as perfume in churches. The plants are said to have diuretic and laxative properties, and are used in domestic medicine. Rachis of the inflorescence glabrous or finely pubescent, never hirsute or with gland-tipped hairs; rachis rarely with a few gland-tipped hairs, the corolla then glabrous. Calyx lobes acute, about as wide as long__-_-- 1. G. acuminata. Calyx lobes acuminate, much longer than wide. Branches of the inflorescence pubescent___.__--- 2. G. nitida. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous. Leaves green, serrulate..-..----- 3. G. nelsonii. Leaves glaucous, entire... 4. G. glaucifolia, Rachis of the inflorescence slandular-pilose or hirsute; corolla never glabrous. Pubescence of the corolla of eglandular hairs. Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate___.---- 5. G. angustifolia. Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate_..------ 6. G. parvifolia, Pubescence of the corolla of gland-tipped hairs. Filaments equaling or shorter than the anthers____'7. G. trichocalycina. Filaments longer than the anthers. Leaf blades truncate to obtuse at base... 8. G. hidalgensis. Leaf blades evidently cordate at base. Pedicels twice as long as the corollas or longer____9. G. longipes. Pedicels little if at all longer than the corollas. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong; branches sparsely short-hirsute or puberulent___-------- 10. G. odorata, Leaves mostly deltoid-ovate; branches densely hirsute. 11. G. hirtiflora. 1, Gaultheria acuminata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 126. 1830. Veracruz and Puebla; type from Cerro Colorado, near Jalapa, Veracruz. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or puberulent; leaves oblong to ovate, 4 to 11 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, serrulate; racemes 4 to 10 em. long, finely pubescent; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long. “ Axocopaconi” (Puebla), “ arrayfin” (Conzatti). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1093 2. Gaultheria nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 45. 1840. Gaultheria laevigata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 541. 1842. Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from El Banco, Hidalgo. Shrub or small tree, the branchlets glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, 3 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, ser- rulate, glabrate; racemes 4 to 8 cm. long; corolla pink, 7 to 8 mm. long. 3. Gaultheria nelsonii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 77. 1914. Known only from the type locality, Totontepec, Oaxaca. Leaves oblong, 5 to 11 ecm. long, short-acuminate, subcordate at base, ser- rulate, glabrous; racemes 5 to 8 cm. long; corolla pink, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long. Probably only a form of G. nitida. 4, Gaultheria glaucifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 281. 1881. Type from the Sierra Madre of western Mexico. Branchlets glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acute, glabrous, rounded or subcordate at base; racemes few-flowered. 5. Gaultheria angustifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 251. 1908. Type from Mount Ixtaccihuatl. Branches pubescent; leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide, long-acumi- nate, serrulate, glabrous; racemes 2 to 4 cm. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long. 6. Gaultheria parvifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78. 1914. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Branches hirsute or glabrate; leaves oblong to oval-ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, serrulate, glabrate; racemes 2 to 6 em. long; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm. long. 7. Gaultheria trichocalycina DC, Prodr. 7: 595, 1839. Type collected between Pueblo Viejo, Veracruz, and Real del Monte, Hidalgo ; reported from Jalisco. Branchlets glandular-pubescent ; leaves ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute, deeply cordate at base, serrulate; racemes 4 to 8 em. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long. 8. Gaultheria hidalgensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 552. 1894. Gaultheria lancifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78. 1914. Gaultheria rosei Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 79. 1914. Tepic to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Othamalacatle, Hidalgo; speci- mens from Chihuahua probably are conspecific. Guatemala. Small or large shrub, the branchlets pubescent, hirsute, or glabrate; leaves oblong to ovate or oval, 3 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate, serrulate, glabrous: or nearly so: racemes 4 to 8 cm. long; corolla pink, 5 to 7.5 mm. long ; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter. “Arrayfiin” (Seler). 9. Gaultheria longipes Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 76. 1914. Type from Sierra de Tepoxtlin, Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters. Slender shrub, the branchlets hirsute or glabrate; leaves oblong or ovate, 2 to 6 em. long, acute, serrulate, glabrate; racemes 4 to 6 cm. long; pedicels 1 to 2 em. long; corolla pink, 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; capsule 3 to 4 mm. in diameter. 10. Gaultheria odorata Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. Neu. Schrift. 3: 425. 1801. Gaultheria odorata mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 595. 1839. Gaultheria hartwegiana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 217. 1908. Puebla and Oaxaca; imperfect specimens from Chihuahua may belong here. Central America and northern South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.. 1094 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub; leaves 2 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, serrulate, sparsely pubescent or glabrate, short-petiolate; racemes 8 to 9 cm. long, lax; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm. long; capsule about 5 mm. in diameter. 11. Gaultheria hirtiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1840. Gaultheria cordata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 540. 1842. Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Carmen, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Leaves 3 to 9 cm. long, acute or obtuse, often deeply cordate at base, ser- rulate, pubescent or glabrate; racemes 3 to 6 cm. long; corolla pink or red, 6 to 7 mm. long; capsule 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. This is not strikingly different from G. odorata, and is perhaps only a form of that species. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. GAULTHERIA OVATA DC, Prodr. 7: 596. 1839. Type collected between Tampico and Real del Monte. Probably the same as GQ. nitida Benth. GAULTHERIA INSIPIDA Benth., placed by Small among the doubtful North American species, was described from Ecuador. 5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 17638. Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, persistent, petiolate, entire or serrate; flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, small, white or pink; calyx 5-lobed; corolla urceolate, with 5 short lobes; stamens 10, the anthers each with 2 dorsal awns; fruit drupaceous, globose, smooth or papil- lose, containing 10 or fewer seedlike nutlets. The following names are reported for species whose identity is uncertain: “Guie-yana,” “yaga-nita,” “yaga-yana” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “nifio en cuero,” “verdis” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tepetomate” (Robelo); “ frutilla” (Mexico, Ramtrez). Leaves opposite or verticillate__.__._..__._.._________________ 1. A. oppositifolia. Leaves alternate. Leaves conspicuously serrate. Leaves glabrous, even when young. Leaves green beneath; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter________ 2. A. lucida. Leaves glaucous beneath; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in diameter____3, A. arguta. Leaves tomentose beneath, at least when young. Ovary pubescent. . Calyx glandular-pubescent___________________ 4. A. nochistlanensis. Calyx grayish-tomentulose________________________ 5. A. diversifolia. Ovary glabrous. Leaves broadly oblong to obovate or elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long. 6. A, conzattii. Leaves narrowly oblong, usually larger. Leaves remotely and inconspicuously serrate____7. A. angustifolia. Leaves closely and conspicuously serrate. Inflorescence glandular-hirsute___-__-___________ 8. A. longifolia. Inflorescence tomentulose_-__--.-_.___--____-__-- 9. A. rupestris. Teaves entire. Fruit papillose or warty; leaves narrow, mostly oblong to linear, narrow at base. Filaments glabrous____-------------- eee 10, A. glaucescens. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1095 Filaments pubescent. Ovary glabrous_---_---.-------------~---~-------------- 11. A. minor. Ovary pubescent. Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath ; filaments sparsely pubes- cent__ - ea ee eee 12. A. lanata. Leaves thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath; filaments densely pubescent. Leaves mostly oblong-elliptic, less than 3 times as long as broad. 13. A. caeciliana. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, more than 3 times as long as broad_------- -- ~u-----------+-- 14. A. polifolia. Fruit smooth; leaves broad, usually ovate to oval, obtuse or rounded at base. Leaves whitish-tomentulose beneath, the margins revolute. 15. A. bicolor. Leaves not tomentulose beneath, the margins not revolute. Branchlets glabrous____----------------------------- 16. A. glauca. Branchlets pubescent. Branchlets glandular-pilose_--__------------------ 17. A. drupacea. Branchlets without glandular hairs. Pedicels and ovary pubescent_---------------- 18. A. tomentosa. Pedicels and ovary glabrous _ 19. A. pungens, 1. Arctostaphylos oppositifolia Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 36. 1884. Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 101. 1914. Mountains of northern Baja California. Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less; leaves linear, 3 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acute, entire, the margins revolute, glabrous above, minutely whitish-pubescent be- neath; corolla 3 to 3.5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, smooth. 2. Arctostaphylos lucida (Small) Standl. Comarostaphylis lucida Small, N. Amer. FI. 29: 89. 1914. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba. Branches glabrous; leaves oblong to narrowly elliptic, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute, green, short-petiolate; inflorescence closely pubescent. 8. Arctostaphylos arguta (Zuce.) DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839. Comarostaphylis arguta Zuce. Abh. Akad. Miinchen 2: 332. 1837. Arbutus discolor Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 29. 1837. Arctostaphylos discolor DC. Prodr. 7: 589. 1839. Arctostaphylos nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1840. Arctostaphylos spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 587. 1842. Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute, sharply serrulate, bright green above; inflorescence finely pubescent or glabrate; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long, white; fruit granular, dark red. “ Garambullo” (Hidalgo, Mexico) ; ‘ madrofio borracho ” (Mexico). The fruit of this plant, or a decoction of the leaves, has narcotic properties. Children have been severely poisoned by eating the fruit, and the plant has been administered by Mexican physicians for the purpose of inducing sleep. ‘he fruit is more active when fresh, and it also has mild purgative properties. The leaves are said to be astringent. 1096 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. Arctostaphylos nochistlanensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 220. 1903. Oaxaca; type collected near Tillantongo, Nochistlén. Branches finely pubescent ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, ob- tuse, glabrous above, pale and minutely pubescent beneath; corolla 6 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 5. Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 897. 1886. Arctostaphylos arguta diversifolia Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 35. 1884. Comarostaphylis diversifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 406, 1887. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from Jamul Valley. Shrub, the branchlets tomentulose; leaves elliptic or oval, 2 to 9 em. long, obtuse or acutish, revolute, glabrous above; corolla 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit 4 mm. in diameter. 6. Arctostaphylos conzattii Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 36: 497. 1901. Arctostaphylos glabrata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 497. 1901. Comarostaphylis glabrata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 90. 1914. Comarostaphylis conzattii Small, N. Amer. F1. 29: 91. 1914. Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Spreading shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, the branchlets puberulent; leaves ob- tuse or acute, glabrous above, thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath, short- petiolate; corolla 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. 7. Arctostaphylos angustifolia (Klotzsch) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 278. 1881. Comarostaphylis angustifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 74. 1851. Described from Mexico; specimens from Michoacfin probably belong here. Branchlets finely pubescent ; leaves short-petiolate, linear-oblong or narrowly oblong, 3 to 8 cm, long, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, tomentulose beneath ; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter. 8. Arctostaphylos longifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 44. 1840. Comarostaphylis longifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 75. 1851. Comarostaphylis attenuata Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 75. 1851. Arctostaphylos attenuata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 278. 1881. Michoacin and Mexico; type from Angangueo, Michoacin. Branchlets glandular-hirsute; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong, 5 to 9.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glabrate above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; panicles large and dense; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long. 9. Arctostaphylos rupestris Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 112. 1893. Comarostaphylis rupestris Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 90. 1914. Michoacfin and Mexico; type from Pftzcuaro, Michoacfn. Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branches tomentulose; leaves narrowly oblong, 7 to 16 cm. long, acute, green and glabrate above, pale-tomentulose beneath; panicles lax, equaling or shorter than the leaves; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long. 10. Arctostaphylos glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 278. 1819, Comarostaphylis glaucescens Zuce.; Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76 1851. Type collected between Guanajuato and Valenciana. Branchlets puberulent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10 em. long or less, mucro- nate, glabrous and lustrous above, pubescent and glaucous beneath. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1097 11. Arctostaphylos minor (Small) Standl. Comarostaphylis minor Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 89. 1914. Type collected near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas. Branchlets glabrous. or nearly so; leaves linear-oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous above, paler and minutely puberulent beneath; corolla 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. in diameter. 12. Arctostaphylos lanata (Small) Standl. Comarostaphylis lanata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914. San Luis Potosf{; type from Buena Vista. Branchlets glandular-hirsutulous, densely leafy; leaves oblong or elliptic- oblong, 4 to 6.5 em. long, acute or mucronate, the margins strongly revolute, hirtellous above; corolla 6 mm, long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 13. Arctostaphylos caeciliana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 5538. 1894. Comarostaphylis caeciliana Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914. Oaxaca; type from Huitzo. Branchlets tomentulose; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, the margins subrevolute, green and glabrate above, densely tomentulose beneath; corolla 5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. 14, Arctostaphylos polifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 277. 1819. Arctostaphylos oaracana DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839. Arctostaphylos mucronifera DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839. Arctostaphylos ledifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 5386. 1842. Arctostaphylos latifolia Mart. & Gal.; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 726. 1843. Comarostaphylis mucronifera Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76. 1851. Comarostaphylis mucronata Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76. 1851. Comarostaphylis polifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 77. 1851. Comarostaphylis hartwegiana Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 77. 1851. Arctostaphylos hartwegiana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 278. 1881. Arctostaphylos mucronata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 279. 1881. Comarostaphylis microcarpa Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca; type from Villapando. Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high, the branchlets puberulent or glandular- hirtellous; leaves linear to narrowly oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, tomentulose or glabrate beneath, the margins often revolute; corolla 7 to 9 mm. long; fruit 3 to 6 mm, in diameter. “ Madrofio” (Oaxaca, Sinaloa); “madrofio chino” (Sinaloa); “ pingiieca,” “ pingtiica” (Morelos, Oaxaca) ; “tnu-tqué” (Oaxaca, Seler). The species is somewhat variable and several segregates were recognized by Small. The key characters which he used to distinguish them are, how- ever, utterly worthless. 15. Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 366. 1868. Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 259, 1843. Arctostaphylos veatchit Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 19. 1863. Northern Baja California; Cedros Island. Southern California. Shrub with grayish branches; leaves ovate to oval, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse, green and glabrate above; corolla white or pink, 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 16. Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1791. 1836. Mountains of Baja California. California. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter, glabrous throughout; leaves oval, rounded, or broadly ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, rounded at apex and base, pale green, very thick; corolla white, 1098 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.8 cm. in diameter, dull red. ‘ Manzanita” (Cali- fornia). The fruit was much eaten by the California Indians, either raw or dried, ground, and made into atole. The leaves were often mixed with smoking tobacco. The leaves contain arbutin and about 9.8 per cent of tannin. A decoction of them has been employed for catarrhal affections, diarrhea, and gonorrhoea. 17. Arctostaphylos drupacea (Parry) Standl. Arctostaphylos pringlei drupacea Parry, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 495. 1887. Mountains of Baja California. Southern California; type from Cuyamaca Mountains. Shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, with smooth red-brown bark; leaves broadly ovate to oblong, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute to rounded at base, glandular-pilose ; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long; fruit glandular-pubescent. This has been reported from Baja California as A. pringlei Parry, a species of Arizona. 18. Arctostaphylos tomentosa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 282. 1814. Northern Baja California. California to British Columbia. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diam- eter; bark smooth, red-brown; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse, pubescent or glabrate; corolla white or pink, 6 to T mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, brown, glabrous or pubescent; wood hard, tough, close-grained, reddish or dark brown, heavy, taking a fine polish. ‘ Manzanita” (California). The wood has been employed in the United States for fine cabinet work. This and other related species are known upon the Pacific Coast as “ manza- nita.” The fruit is edible, having an agreeable acid flavor, but it is dry, mealy, and full of seeds. It was an important article of food among the California Indians, being eaten fresh, or dried and ground and stirred into water to form pinole, or cooked as a mush. Death from intestinal stoppage is said to have resulted from eating too much of the raw fruit. Manzanita cider is sometimes made by scalding the ripe fruit until the seeds are soft, then crushing it and straining the resultant liquid, which is allowed to stand and settle. The beverage so obtained is spicy and acid. It is sometimes made from the dried berries. The leaves of the various species were smoked by the Indians. 19. Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 278. 1819. Baja California to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; type collected near the City of Mexico. New Mexico to California. Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, the bark smooth, red-brown, the branchlets tomentulose; leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate or rounded, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, tomentulose when young; racemes very short and dense; corolla 7 mm. long; fruit brown, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘ Manzanita” (California); “manzanilla” (Durango, Sinaloa, Guanajuato); “ pingiiica ” (Guanajuato, Morelos, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco) ; “palo de pingiiica”’ (San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Sinaloa, Guanajuato, Oaxaca) ; “ manzana,” “ tnu-ndido ”’ (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “gayuba del pais” (Hidalgo); “tepezquite,” “ tepeizquitl,” “ tepesquisuchil ” (Nahuatl, from tepe-izqui-rochitlI=mountain+toasted maize+ flower) ; “ pinquiqua”’ (Tarascan) ; “ lefio colorado” (Sonora, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1099 The fruit is often eaten by people, ‘and it is a favorite food of bear. It is often sold in the markets. Both the fruit and leaves are reputed to have astringent and diuretic properties, and they are employed as a remedy for dropsy, bronchitis, venereal diseases, and other affections. 6. ARBUTUS L. Sp. Pl. 395, 1753. Shrubs or trees, the bark smooth, thin, peeling off in sheets; leaves alternate, persistent, petiolate, entire or serrate; flowers white or pink, in terminal panicles; calyx 5-lobate; corolla urceolate, with 5 small lobes; stamens 10, the anthers 2-awned; fruit baccate, globose, granular, 5-celled. The Mexican plants of this genus are extremely variable and seem not to possess a single constant character. It appears probable that ultimately all of them will have to be considered mere forms of A. xalapensis. No confidence can be placed in the characters used in the following key. Of the species listed, the one most clearly distinct from A. xalapensis is A. glandulosa, but even the characters by which it can be recognized are far from constant. Arbutus wnedo L., a European species, has been erroneously reported in certain Mexican publications. Petioles glandular-hirsute__ -- - _-_-1. A. glandulosa. Petioles glabrous or tomentose. Ovary glabrous. Leaves soon glabrous beneath 2 1. L. salicifolia. Sepals 4 or 5. Sepals 4______--------------------------------------- 2. L. sphaerocarpa. Sepals 5. Leaves subacuminate, 20 to 23 cm. long_.------------ 3. L. campechiana. Leaves mostly obtuse, 6 to 16 em. long_~~----------------- 4, L. palmeri. 1. Lucuma salicifolia H. B. K Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 241. 1819. Vitellaria salicifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 12: 514. 1890. Sideroxylon campestre T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 829. 1920. Veracruz and Morelos, and probably elsewhere. Small or large tree, the branchlets brownish-sericeous or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 13 to 28 cm. long, 3 to 7.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, attenuate at base, lustrous, glabrous; sepals about 6 mm. long, sericeous ; corolla yellowish green; fruit subglobose or ovoid, 7.5 to 12 em. in diameter, orange-yellow when mature, the pulp red- dish yellow; seeds 3 or 4, ellipsoid, dark brown, about 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. thick. “Zapote amarillo,” ‘“ zapote borracho,” “ cozticzapotl,” “ atzapotl,” “ atzapolquahuitl,” “ zapote de nifio.” The fruit is edible and is found in the markets, but the tree is seldom culti- vated. The fruit is said to produce drowsiness, hence its name of ‘“ zapote borracho.” ‘The bark is reputed to have antiperiodic properties. 1¥ernando Altamirano, El frbol de mamey, Naturaleza 3: 138-144. 1876. 1122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, The tree is described by Hernfindez, who says: “The Mexicans in their language, which is expressive, elegant, and precise, indicate in their names the properties as well as the uses of plants. In this way, they apply the name tzapotl [zapote] as a general term to all fruits which have a sweet flavor, and zocotl [jocote] to those which are sour. The atzapotl or ‘water tzapotl’ is so called because it comes from a tree which grows near the water. It is a large tree, with leaves like those of the orange, and bears near the ends of the branches white star-shaped flowers, which produce a fruit nearly round, large, yellow within, and of sweet flavor. This is in a way a disagreeable and indigestible food, and sometimes excites fever. Within the fruit is a stone which is used especially for ulcers.” 2. Lucuma sphaerocarpa DC. Prodr. 8: 169, 1844. Described from one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings of a Mexican plant; not known to the writer. Petioles 6 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate, 7.5 to 10 em. long, 3.7 cm. wide, acute, acuminate at base; flowers pedicellate, in clusters of 3 or 4; corolla 6-lobate, greenish; fruit globose, 6 cm. in diameter, greenish, the flesh yellow ; seeds 4, fuscous, ellipsoid, 3 cm. long. The names “comfngalo” (Jalisco), “ tempixque,” and “ tempixtle” (Tierra Caliente) are reported for this plant in Mexican literature, but there is no reason for believing that they apply to the plant originally described as Lucuma sphaerocarpa. 3. Lucuma campechiana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 240. 1819. Vitellaria campechiana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 12: 513. 1890. Type from Campeche. Reported from Honduras by Hemsley. Not known to the present writer. Petioles about 2.5 cm. long; leaf blades oblong, 7 to 8 cm. wide, acute at base, glabrous, lustrous; pedicels ternate, half as long as the petiole; corolla 5-lobate, glabrous. 4. Lucuma palmeri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 87. 1897. Colima to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco. El Salvador. Shrub, 1.5 to 8 meters high, the branchlets brown-ser iceous ; leaves petiolate, oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. wide, attenuate at base, ferrugi- nous-pubescent beneath when young but soon glabrate; flowers solitary, gemi- nate, or ternate, the pedicels 1 to 2 cm. long; sepals 5.5 mm. long, sericeous ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, 5 or 7-lobate; fruit subglobose, 3 cm. long, yellow; seed 1, ellipsoid, 2.5 em. long, stramineous, lustrous. ‘“ Huic6n,” “palo huicén ”; “ giiicume” (El Salvador). The fruit is edible, but of poor quality. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. LUCUMA MULTIFLORA DC. is said to be cultivated in Yucatan, where it is known as “* kanizté” or “kanisté.” The writer has seen no specimens from Yucatin. The species is a native of Porto Rico and the Lesser Antilles. 7. SIDEROXYLON L. Sp. Pl. 192. 1753. Shrubs or trees; leaves usually long-petiolate; flowers small, white or greenish yellow, in dense, axillary or lateral fascicles; sepals usually 5, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, subequal; corola tubular- -campanulate, usually 5-lobate; ovary usually 5-celled; fruit mostly 1-seeded. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 11238 Pedicels and petioles glabrous. Sepals 1.5 mm. long---- So ee 1. S. gaumeri. Sepals 3 mm. long__---_--------------------------------- 2. S. tempisque. Pedicels and petioles pubescent. Leaves whitish, covered on both sides with a dense tomentum, small, mostly 1.5 to 2 em. wide__-------------------------------- 3. S. leucophyllum. Leaves green, not tomentose, mostly 4 to 7 em. wide. Petioles elongate, usually half as long as the blades or longer. 4. S. capiri. Petioles short, a fifth as long as the blades or shorter. 5. S. angustifolium. 1. Sideroxylon gaumeri Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 460. f. 86. 1912. Yucatin; type from Izamal. Tree, 30 meters high or less, glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, oblong or oval-oblong, 8 to 14 cm. long, obtuse, rounded or obtuse at base, coriaceous, lustrous; flowers in dense fascicles on old wood, the pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 1-seeded, about 2 cm. long. This has been reported from Yucatin as S. mastichodendron Jacq., a West Indian species, to which it is closely related. 2, Sideroxylon tempisque Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 18: 461. f. 87, 88. 1912. Chiapas. Central America; type from Laguna de Santa Tecla, El Salvador. Large tree, glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, oval or elliptic-oblong, 7 to 12 cm. long, obtuse or subacute, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous; pedi- cels 5 to 6 mm. long, densely clustered on old wood: corolla 7 to 8 mm, long; fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, 3 to 4 cm. long, 1-seeded. ‘“ Tempisque” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “saquaia” (El Salvador). 3. Sideroxylon leucophyllum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 59. 1889. Southern Baja California; type from Los Angeles Bay. Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in diameter; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, short-pe- tiolate; flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils; sepals 4 mm. long, densely white-tomentose; corolla greenish yellow, 5 mm. long. The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is uncertain. 4. Sideroxylon capiri (A. DC.) Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 462. 1912. Lucuma capiri A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 178. 1844. Sideroxylon mexicanum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 296. 1881. Siderorylon petiolare A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 434. 1887. Achras capiri Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. ed. 2. 48. 1893. Sinaloa und Jalisco to Guerrero; type (according to Sessé and Mocifio) from Michoacin. Large tree, the bark reddish brown or brownish yellow, the branchlets tomen- tulose; petioles often as long as the blades; leaf blades ovate to oval or oblong, 7 to 16 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded or obtuse at base, brown- ish-pubescent when young, in age glabrate; pedicels 10 to 12 mm. long, clus- tered on defoliate branches; sepals about 4 mm. long; corolla pale yellow; fruit ovoid, globose, or ellipsoid, 3 to 3.5 em. long, containing 1 or more seeds. “Capiri,” “ capire” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “tempixque,” ‘“ tempisque ” (Michoacin) ; “ huacux ” (Michoacin, Tarascan) ; “zapote de ave” (Michoa- cin, Guerrero, Urbina) ; ‘“ tototzapotl * (Nahuatl) ; ‘ cosahuico” (Conzatti). The fruit is sweet and is eaten either raw or cooked. Birds are said to be fond of it. 1124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Sideroxylon angustifolium Standl., sp. nov. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from La Peonia, Sinaloa, altitude 610 meters (Montes ¢ Salazar 884; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1035645). Tree, 15 to 18 meters high, the trunk 40 to 60 em. in diameter; leaves oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 13 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 6 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, acute or subobtuse at base, brownish-pubescent on both surfaces or finally glabrate above; petioles 2 to 2.5 em. long; flowers fasciculate on old wood, the pedicels 7 to 9 mm. long, pubescent; sepals 3 mm. long, brown- sericeous; ovary 5-lobate, glabrous. ‘“Tempisque,” “ tempixtle” (S'naloa). The bark is used in Sinaloa for curdling milk. One collection from Oaxaca (Nelson 2345) probably represents the same species, although in this the leaves are rounded or very obtuse at apex. The fruit is subglobose, 1-seeded, and about 2.5 em. long. 185, DIOSPYRACEAE, Persimmon Family. REFERENCE: Hiern, A monograph of Ebenaceae, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 27-800. 1873. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, entire, deciduous or persistent, estipulate; flowers small, white or green, solitary or cymose, axillary, unisexual; calyx inferior, the segments connate, persistent and accrescent in fruit; corolla urceolate, campanulate, or salverform; stamens 8 to many, inserted at the base of the corolla; ovary 2 to 16-celled, the ovules usually solitary; fruit baccate, large, containing several large seeds. Flowers. 3-parted__------_------ 1, MABA. Flowers 4 to 6-parted__--.----- 2. DIOSPYROS. 1. MABA Forst. Char. Gen. 121. 1776. Shrubs or trees; flowers dioecious, 3-parted, solitary or in small cymes, axil- lary; calyx 3-lobate, accrescent; corolla tubular or campanulate; stamens 3 to many in the staminate flower, usually about 9, glabrous; ovary 3 or 6-celled, usually hairy; fruit globose or ovoid, 1 to 6-celled, containing 1 to 6 seeds. Leaves densely and softly grayish-pubescent beneath_..._______ 1. M. albens. Leaves glabrate beneath, or the pubescence sparse or, if dense, brownish. Leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves hirtellous; fruiting calyx deeply lobate______ 2. M. acapulcensis. Leaves sparsely appressed-pilosulous or glabrate; fruiting calyx shallowly lobate___-- 3. M. verae-crucis. Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex, Leaves 5.5 to 6 em. wide, oblong-oval__..... Wee 4. M. rekoi. Leaves 3 cm. wide or narrower. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 5.5 to 8 cm. long, glabrate. 5. M. salicifolia. Leaves oblong to obovate or elliptic, usually less than 6 em. long, densely pubescent beneath, at least when young. Leaves hirtellous beneath, mostly 3 to 6 em. long__6. M. latifolia. Leaves appressed-pilosulous beneath, mostly 1 to 2 em. long. 7. M. intricata. 1. Maba albens (Presl) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 126. 1873. Diospyros albens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 62. 1836. inerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate or oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute at base, densely pubescent on both surfaces: staminate STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1125 calyx about 6 mm. long, densely pubescent ; corolla pubescent outside, glabrous within. “Coacolutillo” (Conzatti). 2, Maba acapulcensis (H. B. K.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 128. 1873. Diospyros acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 254. 1819. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Leaves obovate-lanceolate, about 6.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at base, membranous; fruit subsessile, subglobose, 2.5 cm. in diameter, the calyx nearly 2.5 cm. broad. 3. Maba verae-crucis Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916. Yeracruz and Oaxaca; type from Catemaco, Veracruz, altitude 300 meters. El Salvador. Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 5.5 to 8.5 cm. long, 1.8 to 4 cm. wide; attenuate at base, glabrate in age; calyx 6 mm. long, densely pubescent; fruit 1.2 to 1.6 cm. in diameter, 6-seeded. “ Pipinance” (El Salvador). 4. Maba rekoi Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 193. 1919. Type from Puerto Angel, Oaxaca. Leaves short-petiolate, 10 to 11 cm. long, rounded at base, minutely pilose or glabrate; fruit globose, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter, the calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, densely puberulent, “ Zapote enano.” 5. Maba salicifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 129. 1873. Diospyros salicifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1112. 1805. Specimens from Acapulco, Guerrero, are probably referable here; the species was described from tropical America. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 2 cm. wide, coriaceous, lustrous above, narrowed to the base; fruit about 2.5 cm. in diameter, greenish yellow. “ Coacollatillo ” (Palmer); “ébano” (Guerrero). The fruit is edible, as in other species of the genus. 6. Maba latifolia Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 118. 1916. Sinaloa; type from Guadalupe. Shrub or tree, 1 to 9 meters high; leaves oblong to oval-obovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse at base, coriaceous, grayish green; fruit about 2.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish, with reddish pulp; seeds 6, 11 mm. long. ““ Estrellito.” 7. Maba intricata (A. Gray) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soe. 12: 126. 1873. Macreightia intricata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 163. 1862. Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Leaves oblong-obovate or oblong, 5 to 8 mm. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse or cuneate at base, coriaceous, grayish green; fruit orange, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, 6-seeded. “ Zapotillo.” This was reported by Goldman? as Brayodendron texanum. EXCLUDED SPECIES. Masa Pavoni (A. DC.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 129. 1873. Diospyros pavoniit A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 222. 1844. Described as a native of 2Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 359. 1916. 1126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. either Mexico or Peru, but no similar plant has been found recently in Mexico. The vernacular name is given as “orlaca,”’ which does not suggest a Mexican name. 2. DIOSPYROS L. Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753. Shrubs or trees; leaves persistent or deciduous; flowers dioecious, rarely polygamous, axillary, cymose or fasciculate; calyx 4 or d-lobate; corolla urceo- late, campanulate, or salverform, the lobes obtuse, spreading or recurved; fruit baccate, containing 1 to 10 seeds. The genus is a large one, containing 150 or more species, most of which are natives of the Old World. Some of them furnish the ebony of commerce. Diospyros kaki L. is the Japanese persimmon, which is widely grown for*its large handsome sweet fruit. Diospyros virginiana L. is the common persimmon of the eastern and southern United States. Its fruit is extremely astringent when green, but in fall, especially after frost, it becomes soft and sweet. It is a favorite wild fruit in the regions where it grows, and has been used in the preparation of a kind of beer, as well as distilled liquors. In the Southern States the seeds have been roasted and ground and used as a coffee substitute. The green fruit contains tannic acid, and has been employed as a domestic remedy for diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, and uterine hemorrhage. The bark is astringent and very bitter. The following names are reported for unplaced Mexican species of Diospyros; they probably relate to D. ebenaster: “ Hinchuik,” “ huinchuik ” (Mixe, Bel- mar); “bomuttza” (Otomf, Buelna), Ovary and fruit glabrous. Leaves densely pubescent__-_----....--- 1. D. oaxacana, Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves ciliate..----__------ 2. D. blepharophylla. Leaves not ciliate... 3. D. conzattii. Leaves rounded or retuse at apex. Flowers 5-parted_.-_-__-------- 4. D. palmeri. Flowers 4-parted___----------- 5. D. anisandra. Ovary and fruit pubescent. Leaves densely hirtellous beneath...» 6. D. texana. Leaves glabrous beneath, or when young with sparse appressed hairs. Fruit 4 to 7 cm. in diameter; leaves mostly 9 to 17 cm. long. 7. D. ebenaster. Fruit 3 cm. or less in diameter; leaves usually smaller. ‘alyx lobes broadest toward the apex, obtuse; leaves nearly sessile. 8. D. sonorae. Calyx lobes broadest at the apex, acutish or acute; leaves usually con- spicuously petiolate. Leaves rounded at base; petioles 2 to 4 mm. long__9. D. sinaloensis. Leaves obtuse or cuneate at base: petioles 6 to 7 mm. long. Calyx densely puberulent__-----.---- 10. D. rosei. Calyx nearly glabrous___..-----. ----11, D. sphaerantha. 1. Diospyros oaxacana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 194. 1919. Type from Cuicatlfin, Oaxaca, altitude 600 meters. Leaves nearly sessile, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4 to 7.5 ecm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex and base: fruit pedicellate, 1.5 cm. or more in diameter, the calyx lobes oblong, obtuse. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1127 2, Diospyros blepharophylla Standl. Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916. Diospyros ciliata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 229. 1844. Not D. ciliata Raf. 1836. The type is said to have come from southern Mexico. Petioles 1 cm. long; leaves ovate-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse at base, membranaceous; flowers 4-parted. 3. Diospyros conzattii Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 399. 1922. Type from Cafetal San Rafael, Cerro Espino, Distrito de Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,000 meters. Tree, 10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 5 to 9.5 em. long, acuminate; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 15 to 18 mm. long, long-attenuate; fruit depressed-globose, about 4 cm. in diameter, green, the flesh black; seeds 5 to 10. ‘‘ Zapote negro montés.” The fruit is said to be of excellent flavor, and Professor Conzatti states that it is superior to any of the native Mexican fruits, with the possible ex- ception of the chicozapote. 4, Diospyros palmeri Hastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44; 604. 1909. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf; type from San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi. Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high, the trunk 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, the bark scaly; leaves oblong-obovate or elliptic-oblong, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long; flowers 5-parted, glabrous; fruit black, 2.5 to 8 cm. in diameter. “ Chapote,” “gapote negro” (Tamaulipas). 5. Diospyros anisandra Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 44. 1921. Type from forests of Suitun, Yucatén. Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves obovate, 25 to 4.5 cm. long, retuse at apex, shining above, glabrous except for a few hairs at base of blade on upper side; staminate corolla yellow, 14 mm. long, glabrous. 6. Diospyros texana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 145 1849. Brayodendron teranum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 356. 1901. Coahuila, Nuevo Le6n, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Shrub or tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter ; bark thin, smooth, light reddish gray, the outer layers peeling off ; leaves nearly sessile, broadly obovate or oblong-obovate, 1 to 4 em. long, rounded or emar- ginate at apex; corolla sericeous, 8 to 12 mm. long; fruit black, about 2 cm. in diameter, the pulp sweet, dark, containing 3 to 8 seeds; wood hard, compact, nearly black, its specific gravity about 0.85. “ Chapote” (Tamaulipas, Texas) ; “chapote prieto” (Nuevo Leén). The wood is susceptible of a high polish. It has been used for turning and for making tool handles, and in England it is said to have been used as a sub- stitute for boxwood, in making engravings. The fruit is astringent when green but sweet when fully ripe. It leaves an indelible black stain upon every- thing with which it comes in contact, and is employed locally for dyeing sheep and goat skins. Diospyros cuneifolia Hiern,’ does not appear distinguishable from the de- scription. It fs said to come from Mexico. The writer has seen no material of D. texana californica T. S. Brandeg.? which was described from Baja Cali- fornia. It may be a plant closely related to D. texrana, but it seems more prob- able that it is a relative of D. sonorae, unless it should be found to be Maba intricata. Specimens of the last have ‘been reported from Baja California as Brayodendron teranum. Trans, Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 268. 1878. *Zoe 5: 164. 1902. 1128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Diospyros ebenaster Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 31. 1789. Diospyros obtusifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1112. 1805. Diospyros tiltzapotl Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 179. 1887. Cultivated in Mexico from Jalisco to Chiapas, Veracruz, and Yucatéin, and apparently naturalized locally. Native of the East Indies, but widely cultivated in tropical America. Large shrub or medium-sized tree; leaves oblong or elliptic, sometimes 30 em. long, persistent, obtuse or acutish, glabrous; flowers polygamous; corolla yellowish white or greenish; fruit subglobose, shining, olive-green, the pulp dark and soft; seeds 4 to 10. “ Zapote prieto” (Jalisco, Chiapas, Michoacfin, Guerrero, Morelos, Tabasco, Yucatén, Philippines) ; “tauch,” “tauch ya” (Yucatin, Maya); “zapote negro” (Oaxaca); “biaqui” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘tliltzapotl,” “ totocuitlatzapotl,” “ tlilzapotl” (Nahuatl); “ guaya- bota”’ (Porto Rico). This tree must have been introduced into Mexico at an early date, for it is mentioned by the older writers. Indeed, some wr‘ters have been inclined to consider it a native of Mexico, and Merrill states that it was carried from this country to the Philippines. The tree is said to be the source of some of the East Indian ebony. The fruit is eaten, but is is of poor quality. The green fruit is reported to have been used in the Philippines and West Indies for stupefying fish. In Mexico the ripe fruit is made into preserves, which are reported to be of excellent quality. Brandy also is said to have been made from the pulp. Urbina re- ports the Otom{ names as “bom-rza” and “ phonimurza.” The tree was described by Hernindez under the name “ tlilzapotl” (“ black zapote”). He states that it was used as a remedy for leprosy, ringworm, and itch, and also for killing fish. 8. Diospyros sonorae Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 120. 1916. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora. Tree of large or medium size, the crown dense and spreading; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong, 6 to 13 cm. long, rounded at apex, grayish green, puberulent or glabrate beneath; fruit about 2.5 em. in diameter; seeds about 8. “‘ Guayaparin.” The tree is cultivated, but is probably also native in the region. The pulp of the fruit is black and insipid. 9. Diospyros sinaloensis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 77. 1917. Sinaloa; type from Altata. Leaves oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, rounded at apex, grayish green, very sparsely appressed-pilosulous beneath when young but soon glabrous; corolla densely sericeous, about 1 cm. long. 10. Diospyros rosei Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916. Sinaloa (?) and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tep'c. Tree; leaves obovate-oblong, 6 to 14 em. long, rounded at apex, cuneate at base, puberulent or glabrate beneath, coriaceous; fruit about 2.5 em. in di- ameter; seeds 8 to 10. “ Guayaparin” (Sinaloa). 11. Diospyros sphaerantha Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 191, 1916. Type collected near Colomas, in the Sierra Madre of Sinaloa. Leaves deciduous, elliptic-oblong, 4.5 to 8 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, sparsely strigillose when young but soon glabrous; calyx 3 cm. broad; corolla S mm. long, densely sericeous. It is rather doubtful whether this and D. sinaloensis are distinct from D. resei, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1129 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. DIOSPYROS VELUTINA Hiern, Trans, Cambridge Phil. See. 12: 200. 1873. Based upon material from Brazil, but one Mexican specimen is reported. 186. STYRACACEAE. Storax Family. REFERENCE: Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241. 1907. 1. STYRAX L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753. Shrubs or small trees, with stellate pubescence; leaves alternate, estipulate, entire or remotely serrate; flowers perfect, white, in short, axillary or terminal, simple or branched racemes ; calyx cupuliform, truncate or 5-denticu- late; petals 5, short-connate; stamens 10, inserted at base of the corolla ; style simple, the stigma capitate; fruit globose, dry or nearly so, 1-seeded, usually indehiscent. ~ Styrax benzoin Dryand., an Old World species, furnishes the resin known as benzoin, which is an official drug, and is employed also in perfumes and incense. Corolla lobes imbricate; leaves less than twice as long as broad. Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface____1. S. jaliscanus. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface or nearly so. Leaves densely stellate-tomentulose beneath_--~~~----------- 2. S. pilosus. Leaves glabrous beneath, sometimes barbate in the axils of the nerves. 3. S. glabrescens. Corolla lobes valvate; leaves more than twice as long as broad. Leaves covered beneath with coarse spreading stellate hairs, the pubescence velutinous______..----..------------------------------ 4. S. argenteus. Leaves covered beneath with a minute, very close, stellate tomentum. Flowers 1.5 em. long__--------------------------------- 5. S. ramirezii. Flowers about 1 cm. long. ‘alyx about 2 mm. long--.------------------------- 6. S. cyathocalyx. Calyx about 4 mm. long_.--------------------------- 7. S. polyneurus. 1. Styrax jaliscanus 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 144. 1891. Styrax officinalis jaliscanus Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241: 82. 1907. Jalisco; type from Sierra de San Esteban. Shrub, about a meter high; leaves subsessile, rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 10 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, entire, densely awwhitish-tomentose beneath; racemes 1 to 5-flowered, short; calyx evidently dentate; flowers 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit 8 to 12 mm. in diameter. This is closely related to 8. officinalis L., and perhaps not sufficiently dis- tinct from that species of the Mediterranean region. The latter species yields a gum which was employed by the Egyptians as a perfume, and in recent times has been employed in medicine as “ storax officinalis.” 2. Styrax pilosus (Perkins) Standl. Styrag glabrescens pilosus Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241: 72. 1907. Type from Chinantla and Rincén, Oaxaca, altitude 900 meters. Leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 6 to 10 cm. long, short- acuminate, glabrous above or when young with minute scattered stellate hairs, densely and minutely tomentulose beneath ; flowers sweet-scented ; calyx 4 mm. long, subentire, minutely grayish-tomentulose. 1130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Styrax glabrescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1839. Veracruz, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Llano Verde, Oaxaca. Guatemala and Costa Rica. Tree, 6 to 12 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong to elliptic or ovate, 7 to 17 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, acute to rounded at base, thin, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence lax, few-flowered, the flowers 1.5 to 3 cm. long; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, stellate-pilose with rufous or yel- lowish hairs; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. “Azahar del monte” ( Vera- cruz) ; “bracino” (Costa Rica). 4, Styrax argenteus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 60. 1836. Sinaloa to Chiapas; type from Acapulco. Central America. Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the trunk 30 cm. in diameter; leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 7 to 14 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, usually coriaceous; racemes axillary, few- -flowered, the flowers 12 to 20 mm. long; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, truncate; fruit 10 to 183 mm. in di- ameter. “Ruin” (Sinaloa) ; “capulfn,” “ hoja de jabén” (Oaxaca) ; “ chila- cuate” (Michoacéin, Guerrero) ; “resino,” “ resina ” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ; “bracino” (Costa Rica) ; “estoraque” (Costa Rica, El Salvador) ; “ estorac” (El Salvador) ; “sahumerio (Panama). In Costa Rica and probably elsewhere the gum is burned as incense in the churches. It is said that the bark is employed in El Salvador for stupefying fish. 5. Styrax ramirezii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 20. 1899. Styrax micranthus Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 480. 1902. Styrav orizabensis Perkins, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 2: 25. 1906. Michoacfin, Morelos, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Mo- relos. Tree, 9 to 13 meters high; leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 10 to 18 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous, entire, glabrous above; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long, truncate; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. long. “Chilacuate ” (Morelos). 6. Styrax cyathocalyx Perkins, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 2: 24. 1906. Type from Rinc6n, Oaxaca, altitude 900 to 1,200 meters. Leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 10 to 14 em. long, long-acuminate, obtuse at base, corlaceous, glabrous and lustrous above; calyx truncate. 7. Styrax polyneurus Perkins, Bot. Gaz. 35: 5. 1904. Chiapas. Costa Rica, the type from Copey. Tree; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, short- acuminate, cuneate at base, thin, entire, glabrate above; calyx truncate; fruit 7 mm. long. A collection from San Luis Potosf (Purpus 5317), referred to S. polyneurus by Brandegee, probably represents an undescribed species, but the material is in fruit and furnishes no characters by which it may be segregated. 137. SYMPLOCACEAE. Sweetleaf Family. REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 242. 1901. The family consists of a single genus. 1. SYMPLOCOS Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 5. 1760. Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, sessile or petiolate, estipulate, entire or serrate, usually persistent; flowers small, perfect, mostly axillary, solitary, spicate, racemose, or fasciculate; sepals 5, connate, persistent; petals 3 to 11, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 11381 more or less connate; stamens 4 to many, inserted on the corolla; style simple, the stigma entire or lobulate; fruit baccate, globose or cylindric, 1 to 5-celled. In South America the leaves of some species are used for making a tea, which is highly esteemed by the Indians as a tonic for the stomach. S. tinctoria (L. f.) L’Hér. is a native of the southern United States, where it is known as “sweetleaf.” Its leaves have a sweet pleasant flavor, and are employed for dyeing yellow. The root has been used locally as a stomachic, and for syphilitic and scrofulous affections and kidney diseases. Flowers solitary, or the inflorescences 2 or 3-flowered_-_----- 1. S. coccinea. Flowers in several-flowered inflorescences. Branchlets brownish-tomentulose. Leaves entire or nearly so----------------------------- 2. S. pycnantha. Leaves serrulate__-_-----------------------------.--- 3. S. prionophylla. Branchlets glabrous or nearly so, the pubescence, if any, not brownish. Inflorescence sessile. Leaves glabrous. Calyx sericeous___-~----------------------~---------- 4. S. speciosa. Calyx glabrous_-__----_------------------------------- 5, S. apolis. Leaves pilose beneath, at least along the nerves__--_- 6. S. jurgensenii. Inflorescence pedunculate. Leaves glabrous__--__-------------------------------- 7. S. limoncillo. Leaves pilose beneath along the nerves__------------------ 8. S. citrea. 1. Symplocos coccinea Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 185. pl. 52. 1808. Alstonia ciliata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 48. 1840. Symplocos ciliata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 78. 1841. Hypopogon brevipes Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 311: 246. 1858. Symplocos benthamii Gtirke in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4}: 172. 1890 Symplocos coccinea hirta Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 242: 80. 1901. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Tree, the trunk 40 to 60 cm. in diameter, the branchlets hirsute or hirtellous ; bark smooth, grayish; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to oblong, acuminate, crenulate, glabrous or pilosulous beneath; flowers about 1.5 cm. long, red, 10- parted; calyx and corolla sericeous; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm. long, black, hirsute. 2. Symplocos pycnantha Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas. Shrub or small tree; leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long-acuminate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, sparsely pilosulous beneath or glabrate; flowers pink, in sessile fascicles; corolla 5 or 6-parted 3 times as long as the calyx. 3. Symplocos prionophylla Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881. Symplocos pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 168. 1891. Michoacin, Morelos, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, 6 t 12 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or cuneate at base, appressed pilose beneath; flowers in sessile clusters; corolla 5 or 6-parted; fruit oblong, 1.5 em. long or larger. Brand lists 8. pringlei as a distinct species, but states that it may be only a variety of 8. prionophylla. The characters by which he separates the two in his key do not hold for the specimens examined. 1132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 4. Symplocos speciosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881. Type from the mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 to 2,100 meters. Guate- mala. Tree; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, cuneate at base, entire, glabrous above, pilosulous beneath along the costa; corolla pink, glabrous or nearly so. 5. Symplocos apolis Brand, Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 15-16: 343. 1913. Type probably from Mexico, but perhaps from Peru. . Leaves broadly obovate, 8 to 11 cm. long, rounded or short-apiculate at apex, entire, glabrous; calyx lobes ciliate; corolla 6-lobate. 6. Symplocos jurgensenii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 301. 1881. Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco. Leaves lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 9 cm. long, obtusely short-acumi- nate, acute at base, crenulate; corolla 5-parted, glabrous; ovary 5-celled. 7. Symplocos limoncillo Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 196. 1808. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. El Salvador. Tree, nearly glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 8 to 14 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, entire or serrate, lustrous; flowers pink or white, about 1 cm. long; fruit about 18 mm. long, glabrous. “ Garrapata,” ‘“garrapatilla,” “limoncillo” (Veracruz); “chillador” (El Salvador). Specimens of this species were referred by Hemsley to S. martinicensis Jacq., a West Indian species. 8. Symplocos citrea Lex.; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 22. 1824. Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere; type from Chaqueo. Leaves oval, 9 to 11 cm. long, serrulate; flowers sweet-scented; calyx sericeous; corolla 6-lobate. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SYMPLOCOS SCHIEDEANA Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 527. 1833. Type collected be- tween Tioselo and Jicochimalco, Brand states that the type is without flowers and fruit, and probably does not belong to this genus. 138. OLEACEAE. Olive Family. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, unarmed; leaves all or mostly opposite, sim- ple or pinnate, estipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, regular, variously arranged; calyx free, small, 4 to 15-dentate or lobate, rarely none: corolla gamopetalous or of distinct petals, the segments 4 to 6, sometimes absent ; Stamens 2 or 4; ovary superior, 2-celled, the style simple, the stigma usually capitate; fruit a capsule, samara, or drupe, containing 1 to 4 seeds. The typical plant of the family is the olive (‘ olivo,” “oliva,” “ aceituno *), Olea europaea L., which was introduced into Mexico soon after the Conquest, but is only sparingly cultivated. The lilac (“lila”), Syringa vulgaris L., is frequently found in Mexican gardens. Several species of jasmine (Jasminum), an Old World genus, are widely cultivated in Mexico, where they are known as “jazmin” (often with varietal names) and “Gran Duque.” Fruit a samara; leaves usually pinnate, sometimes simple____-1. FRAXINUS. Fruit baccate, drupaceous, or capsular; leaves simple or lobate, never pinnate. Fruit a didymous capsule; herbs or small shrubs________ 2. MENODORA. Fruit baccate or drupaceous; trees or large shrubs. Corolla lobes induplicate-valvate. Flowers in terminal panicles. 3. LIGUSTRUM. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1138 Corolla lobes or petals imbricate or none. Flowers in terminal panicles. Corolla of 4 distinct petals. 4. HESPERELAEA. Flowers axillary or lateral. Corolla none or of 1 or 2 petals; calyx none or minute. 5. FORESTIERA. Corolla gamopetalous; calyx well developed______.6. OSMANTHUS. 1, FRAXINUS L. Sp. PL 1057, 1753. REFERENCES: Wenzig, Die Gattung Fravrinus, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 165-188. 1883; Lingelsheim, Vorarbeiten su einer Monographie der Gattung Fravrinus, Got. Jahrb. Engler 40: 185-223. 1907; Rehder, The genus Frarinus in New Mexico and Arizona, Proc. Amer. Acad. 53: 199-212. 1917; Lingelsheim in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 243': 9-61. 1920. Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, usually odd-pinnate, rarely simple; flowers green or white, dioecious or polygamous, fasciculate or paniculate; calyx 4- lobate or dentate, or none; petals 2 to 4, or commonly absent; stamens usu- ally 2; fruit a samara, winged at the apex, usually 1-seeded. The various species of ash are common in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Some of them furnish strong wood which is useful for building purposes, interior finish, furniture, and tool handles. They make excellent shade trees and are often planted on that account. The bark contains a glu- eoside, fraxin, and, like the leaves, has been used in Mexico, the United States, and Europe as a tonic and febrifuge. A decoction of the leaves has been employed in Mexico particularly for yellow fever and malaria. The leaves are said also to have purgative properties, and they have been used for gout and rheumatism. Fragvinus ornus L., a species of the Mediterranean region, produces from cuts in the bark an exudate, which is an official drug. manna, of the United States Pharmscopoeia. It is used in medicine as u gentle laxative. There is a popular belief in some parts of the southern United States that ash leaves are so offensive to rattlesnakes that the latter are never found on land where the trees grow. Hunters are said sometimes to stuff their boots with ash leaves as a preventive of rattlesnake bites. The ordinary Spanish name for the ash tree, and the one generally em- ployed in Mexico, is “fresno,” a derivative of the Latin “fraxinus.” The following names are reported for species of doubtful identity: ‘ Yaga-guillaa,” “ yaga-nisse” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “paramu” (Michoacan, Tarascan, Ramirez) ; ‘“‘ demettza” (Otom{, Buelna). Petioles and leaf rachis narrowly winged; leaves sometimes simple or tri- foliolate. Leaves all pinnate, with 5 or more leaflets. Leaflets coarsely serrate_______________--_-----.-----.----- 1. F, purpusii, Leaflets entire or nearly so. Leaflets small, 1 to 3 cm. long, 2.5 to 8 mm. wide. Leaflets narrowly oblanceolate______---.-------------- 2. F. greggii. Leaflets ovate.__._._-__---.-------------------------- 3. F. rufescens. Leaflets large, mostly 3.5 to 6 cm. long and 8 to 20 cm. wide. Leaflets glabrous above_____-_-_-_-_----+---------_ 4. F. schiedeana, Leaflets pilose on both surfaces_____...__------____-- 5. F. attenuata. 79688—24—_19 1134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves simple, or some of them sometimes trifoliolate. Fruit 2.5 to 3 cm. long; leaves simple or trifoliolate, if simple long- petiolate____________---_____---~ ++ 6. F. dipetala. Fruit 1.5 cm. long; leaves mostly simple, short-petiolate. Leaves broadly rounded at base____--__________________ 7. F. potosina. Leaves acute at base_-__----._-__--__--_ 8. F. nummularis. Petioles and rachis not winged; leaves pinnate, all or most of them with 5 or more leaflets. Flowers with petals. Leaves usually sharply serrate________ 9. F. cuspidata. Flowers without petals. Wing of the samara equaling or shorter than the body. Leaflets glabrous or nearly so; wing of the samara usually acutish or at least narrowed to the apex______________ 10. F. berlandieriana. Leaflets finely pubescent beneath; wing of the samara very obtuse or emarginate________--__---_~---- ee 11. F. velutina. Wing of the samara longer than the body. Leaflets conspicuously barbate beneath along the costa, even in age. 12. F. uhdei. Leaflets glabrous beneath or finely pubescent, very inconspicuously if at all barbate. Leaflets glaucous beneath _-~-~--~----____________ 13. F. papillosa. Leaflets green beneath or merely glaucescent. Venation of the leaflets prominently reticulate beneath. 14. F. standleyi. Venation not prominently reticulate, only the lateral nerves con- PE) 0) (640 (0)) 15. F. pringlei. 1. Fraxinus purpusii T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90. 1910. Puebla; type from San Simé6n. Small tree, glabrous throughout; leaflets 5 or 7, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute, obtuse at base, sessile, coarsely serrate, thick, lustrous; flowers apetalous, in very short panicles; samaras 2 cm. long, the wing emar- ginate, longer than the thick body. 2. Fraxinus greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 63. 1877. Frazinus schiedeana parvifolia Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 166. 1859. Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Zacatecas. Western Texas. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diameter, the bark thin, gray, scaly; leaflets usually 5 or 7, sessile, obtuse, glabrous, the margins often revolute; flowers apetalous, in very short clusters; samaras 1.5 to 2 em. long, the wing much longer than the thick terete body; wood hard, close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.79. ‘ Escobilla,” “ barreta china” (Coahuila). The wood is used only for fuel. Palmer reports that in Coahuila the leafy branches are used for making coarse brooms. 8. Fraxinus rufescens Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 218. 1907. Type from “ Sierra de Corton” (Veracruz?). Shrub or small tree, the branchlets and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose ; leaflets 7 or 9, sessile, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, subcoriaceous, gla- brous, paler beneath; panicles 2 cm. long, the flowers apetalous; samaras 2 to 2.5 em. long, the wing emarginate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1135 4. Fraxinus schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 391. 1831. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Large shrub or small tree; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong, lance-oblong, or elliptic, sessile, narrowed to the obtuse apex, attenuate at base, glabrous, subcoriaceous, lustrous, the margins subrevolute; samaras about 1.5 cm. long, the wing longer than the body, emarginate. 5. Fraxinus attenuata Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 59. 1908. Frazinus jonesii Lingelsh. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 2431: 35, 1920. Type from Valley of Palms, Baja California; reported from Chihuahua. A tree; rachis very narrowly winged; leaflets usually 5, oval, sessile or nearly so, 0.5 to 2 em. long (very immature), 0.5 to 1 cm wide, entire or obscurely crenulate, whitish-pilose on both surfaces, especially beneath, 6. Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 362. pl. 87. 1841. Frazinus dipetala trifoliolata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167. 1859. Baja California. California. Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, or the leaflets 3 to 9, long-petiolulate, oblong to oval or rounded, obtuse or acute, entire or nearly so, thin, glabrous; flowers white, with 2 large petals, the panicles about as long as the leaves; samaras 2 to 3 ecm. long. In the typical form there are 5 to 9 leaflets. The Mexican material is F. dipetala trifoliolata, characterized by having simple or trifoliolate leaves. It was reported from Baja California by Goldman’ as F. attenuata Jones. 7. Fraxinus potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 275. 1912. Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosf. Plants glabrous; leaves simple, suborbicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long, entire or serrate, coriaceous; samaras 4 to 5 mm. long, the wing rounded at apex, much shorter than the compressed body. 8. Fraxinus nummularis Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 59. 1908. Coahuila; type from Sierra Mojada. Shrub with stiff branchlets; leaves mostly simple but sometimes trifoliolate, the simple leaves oblanceolate to oval, 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse, glabrous, subcoriaceous; flowers apetalous; wing of the samara much longer than the body. It seems probable that this is a form of Ff’. greggii, bearing the same relation to the latter that F. dipetala trifoliolata does to F. dipetala. In the type collection of F. nummularis all the leaves are simple and oval. A specimen from Sierra de Parras (Purpus 5064) shows leaves of the same kind, but some of the leaves are trifoliolate, and some of the simple ones are exactly like the leaflets of F. greggii. 9. Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 166, 1859. Frazinus cuspidata serrata Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 58: 202. 1917. Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas to Arizona; type from Texas. Slender shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter ; leaflets 3 to 9, long-petiolulate, linear-lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, long-attenuate, thin, glabrous; flowers white, sweet-scented, in loose pani- cles; petals 4, about 1.5 cm. long; samaras about 2 cm. long, the wing equaling or shorter than the flat body. ‘ Fresno.” +Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 360. 1916. 1186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 10. Fraxinus berlandieriana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 278, 1844. Coahuila to Veracruz and Durango. Western Texas, the type from Austin. Tree, 10 to 12 meters high, the trunk about 80 cm. in diameter; bark thick, gray, fissured; leaflets 3 to 7, lanceolate or oblong, petiolulate, 4 to 13 cm. long, acute or attenuate, thick, remotely serrulate or subentire; flowers dioecious; samaras 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, the body terete. “ Plumero” (Vera- cruz); “fresno” (Nuevo Leén, Durango). This species is often planted as a shade tree in northeastern Mexico. The samaras are sometimes 3-winged. 11. Fraxinus velutina Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 149. 1848. Frazinus pistaciaefolia Torr. U. 8S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 128. 1856. Frazrinus toumeyi Britton, N. Amer, Trees 803. f. 732. 1908. Frazvinus velutina toumeyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 53: 204. 1917. Sonora and Chihuahua; perhaps also in Baja California. Western Texas to southern California; type from New Mexico. Small tree, usually 12 meters high or less, the trunk 20 cm. in diameter; bark gray and rough; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong, lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate or subentire; samaras 2 to 3 em. long, the body terete, the wing obtuse or emarginate. “ Fresno.” 12. Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 221. 1907. Fravinus americana uhdei Wenzig, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 182. 1883. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz (?), and Oaxaca. Tree, 15 to 18 meters high, with dark furrowed bark; leaflets 5 to 9, usually long-petiolulate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate 7 to 15 cm. long, long-attenuate, obtuse or acute at base, serrulate, barbate beneath along the costa but else- where glabrous; flowers in large panicles, these sometimes 20 cm. long; samaras 2.5 to 4 cm. long. “Fresno” (Jalisco, Sinaloa). Often planted as a shade tree in the Valley of Mexico, at Guadalajara, and elsewhere. It is not certain that the specimens described and referred here are identical with those to which Wenz'g applied the name uwhdei. They agree well with his diagnosis except for his statement that the leaflets are sessile. 13. Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 219. 1907. Mountains of Chihuahua; type from Colonia Garcia. Southern New Mexico. Tree; leaflets 5 to 9, sessile, elliptic to ovate-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, acute, serrulate or subentire, glabrous; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the wing obtuse or emarginate. 14. Fraxinus standleyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 53: 208, 1917. Mountains of northern Sonora. Southern New Mexico and Arizona; type from Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Tree, usually small but sometimes 15 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, sessile or petiolulate, elliptic to lanceolate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or attenuate, serrulate, glabrous or pubescent beneath; samaras 2 to 3 em. long. It is doubtful whether this is distinct from F. papillosa and F. pringlei, and the three will probably have to be united ultimately. 15. Fraxinus pringlei Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 221. 1907. Hidalgo; type from Dubl&n. Large tree; leaflets 3 to 7, elliptic to lanceolate, 3 to 11 em. long, acuminate, serrate, glabrous or nearly so; panicles 5 to 20 cm. long; samaras 2 to 3.5 em. leng, the body terete, the wing obtuse or emarginate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1137 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. FRAXINUS OVALIFOLIA (Wenzig) Lingelsh. Bot. Jahrb, Engler 40: 221. 1907. Frazinus americana var. uhdei B ovalifolia Wenzig, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 182. 1883. Described from Mexico, the locality not indicated. The fruit is not known and the position of the plant is uncertain. The vernacular name is given as “ fresnillo.” ‘ 2, MENODORA Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 98. 1809. Plants low, herbaceous or usually woody, at least at base; leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, sessile or nearly so, entire or lobed; flowers perfect, yellow, solitary or corymbose; calyx with 5 to 15 linear lobes; corolla subro- tate to salverform, the limb 5 or 6-lobate; stamens 2; capsule didymous, 2- celled, each cell usually 2-seeded. Corolla tube elongate, longer than the limb, the lobes acuminate. 1. M. longifiora. Corolla tube shorter than the limb. Leaves mostly pinnatifid--_______-___----------------- 2. M. heterophylla. Leaves entire. Calyx lobes 5 or 6_--_~~~..---------------------------- 3. M. scoparia. Calyx lobes 7 to 15. Stems erect, 20 to 50 em. high; flowers usually corymbose. Calyx lobes about 12 mm. long, pilosulous—--------- 4, M. mexicana. Calyx lobes less than 10 mm. long, glabrate or scaberulous. Leaves bractlike, 4 to 5 mm. long; stems striate-angulate. 5. M. intricata. Leaves well developed, larger; stems not conspicuously striate. 6. M. scabra. Stems diffusely branched, low, spreading; flowers mostly solitary. Stems hirtellous; leaves mostly oblong-elliptic. Y. M. helianthemoides. Stems glabrate or scaberulous; leaves linear or nearly so. 8. M. coulteri. 1. Menodora longiflora. A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. I. 14:45, 1852. Menodoropsis longiflora Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 917. 1903. Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from Texas. Plants erect, usually woody at base, glabrous or scaberulous; leaves linear or lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, subsessile, entire; flowers few, usually corymbose; corolla yellow, the tube 2 to 5 em. long. 2. Menodora heterophylla Moric.; DC. Prodr, 8: 316. 1844. Bolivaria grisebachii Scheele, Linnaea 25: 254, 1852. Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected between Laredo and San Antonio. Plants chiefly herbaceous, diffuse and spreading, scaberulous or nearly glabrous; leaves pinnatifid into 3 to 7 linear lobes, or some of them entire; flowers mostly solitary, yellow or purplish ; corolla 1 to 1.5 em. long; capsule about 1 em. broad. 3. Menodora scoparia Engelm.; A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 471. 1876. Baja California, Coahuila, and Durango; type from Saltillo, Coahuila. Arizona and southern California. 1138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Plants erect, woody at base, glabrous or scaberulous, the branches striate; leaves linear, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute; flowers corymbose, yellow, the corolla 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 4. Menodora mexicana (A. DC.) A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. Il. 14: 45, 1852. Bolivaria mexicana A. DC.; DC. Prodr. 8: 8315. 1844. Type collected near Oaxaca. Stems glabrous; lower leaves oblong-obovate, the upper ones linear-lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide; corolla slightly longer than the calyx lobes; capsule 6 mm. long. 5. Menodora intricata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1913. San Luis Potosi; type from Minas de San Rafael. Stems herbaceous, glabrous; leaves linear, bractlike; calyx lobes about 10, 5 mm. long; corolla yellow, 1 cm. long. 6. Menodora scabra A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 44. 1852 Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf and Durango; Baja California. Western Texas to Arizona; type from New Mexico. Plants herbaceous or woody at base, scaberulous or glabrate; leaves linear or oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long; corolla yellow, 1 to 1.5 em. long. 7. Menodora helianthemoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 98. pl. 110. 1809. Menodora helianthemoides parviflora Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 34: 869. 1899. Nuevo Leén and Zacatecas to San Luis Potost and Hidalgo; type from Actopfin, Hidalgo. Plants herbaceous or often fruticose, with spreading branches; leaves 5 to 15 mm. long, acute to rounded at apex, usually short-petiolate, pubescent; flowers few, the corolla yellow, 1 cm. long, or sometimes as much as 2 em. “ Jazmin- cillo del monte’ (Nuevo Leén). 8. Menodora coulteri A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 44, 1852. Coahuila to San Luis Potosf and Hidalgo; type from Zimapén, Hidalgo. Plants usually woody, at least at base, the branches crooked and interlaced ; leaves mostly 1 to 2 cm. long, sessile, acute, scaberulous; flowers few, the corolla 1 to 1.5 em. long. Perhaps only a variant of M. helianthemoides. 3. LIGUSTRUM L. Sp. Pl. 7. 1753. The species are all natives of the Old World. JL. vulgare L. is the common privet, which is grown extensively for hedges in the United States and is said to be cultivated in Mexico. It differs from the following species in hav- ing smaller deciduous leaves. 1, Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 1: 19. 1810. Widely cultivated in Mexico, and in some localities, apparently, escaped from cultivation. Native of China and Japan. Large shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire, persist- ent; flowers perfect, whitish, sessile in large terminal panicles; corolla fun- nelform, about 3 mm. long, with very short tube and 4 spreading lobes; fruit bluish black, 7 to 10 mm. long. usually 2-seeded. “Trueno” (San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Oaxaca, etc.). A handsome tree, often planted for shade in Mexican parks and gardens, This species has often been confused with L. japonicum Thunb, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1189 4, HESPERELAEA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 83. 1876. The genus consists of a single species. 1, Hesperelaea palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 83. 1876. Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Small glabrous tree, leaves mostly opposite, oblong, 5 cm. long or more, entire, coriaceous; flowers perfect, yellow, in a terminal panicle, the pedicels short, articulate; sepals 4, deciduous ; petals 4, spatulate, about 12 mm. long, clawed: stamens 4; fruit drupaceous. 5. FORESTIERA Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 664. 1811. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire or serrulate, persistent or deciduous, often punctate; flowers small, greenish, polygamous or dioecious, fascicled or racemose, lateral; calyx none or minute and 4-lobate; corolla none or of 1 or 2 small deciduous petals; stamens 2 to 4; fruit a small drupe. Leaves with conspicuous pores beneath. Leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 10 to 23 mm. wide___1. F. reticulata. Leaves linear to oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 7 mm. wide. Leaves glabrous_------------------------------------ 2. F. angustifolia. Leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces. Leaves linear, glabrous beneath, puberulent above___--- 3. F. puberula. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, densely pubescent beneath_____.-__------------------------------- 4, F. durangensis. Leaves without pores beneath. Leaves serrulate or crenulate. Leaves suborbicular, 7 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex__5. F. rotundifolia. Leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 30 to 50 mm. long, acute or acuminate. 6. F. racemosa. Leaves entire. Leaves puberulent on the upper surface____---------- 7%. EF. tomentosa. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface. Leaves 4.5 to 6 cm. long_--------------------------- 8. F. chiapensis. Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long. Leaves 2 to 3 em. long; fruit 12 to 15 mm. long___-9. F. macrocarpa. Leaves mostly 1 to 2 cm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long. 10. F. phillyreoides. 1. Forestiera reticulata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167. 1859. No Mexican specimens have been seen, but the species has been collected along the Rio Grande in Texas, and doubtless occurs on the Mexican side of the river. Western Texas, the type collected near the mouth of the Pecos. Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse, often serrulate, coriaceous, lustrous, paler beneath; fruit globose- obovoid, 7 mm. long. 2. Forestiera angustifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. .168. 1859. Coahuila, Nuevo Le6én, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected near the Rio Grande. . Densely branched, glabrous shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets stiff ; leaves subsessile, oblanceolate-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse, bright green, the margins somewhat revolute; fruit ovoid, black, about 6 mm. long. ‘“ Panalero” (Tamaulipas). The fruit is edible but not very palatable. 1140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 3. Forestiera puberula Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 605. 1909. Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Cedros, Zacatecas, Shrub, the branchlets short and stiff; leaves 5 to 12 mm. long, the margins Strongly revolute; fruit black, about 7 mm. long, conspicuously curved. 4. Forestiera durangensis Standl., sp. nov. Durango; type collected near the city of Durango (Palmer 837; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 304930). Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high, the branchlets short and stiff, densely puberulent at first; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 12 to 30 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, attenuate at base, entire, coriaceous, sparsely puberulent or glabrate above, densely pubescent beneath; staminate flowers in small dense clusters; stamens 4; fruit oblong, 7 to 8 mm. long. “Palo blaneo.” Palmer 323 from Tepehuanes belongs here. It is probably this plant which was listed by Patoni as F. phillyreoides, for which the vernacular names are given as “lentisco,” “ lantisco,” “lantrisco,” and “ acebuche.” 5. Forestiera rotundifolia (T. S. Brandeg.) Stand. Adelia rotundifolia T. §. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 386. 1909. Type from Cerro de Matzize, Puebla. Glabrous shrub, 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, lustrous, crenulate. 6. Forestiera racemosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890, Nuevo Le6én; type from the Sierra Madre near Monterrey. Slender shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, rounded at base, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, pilosulous or glahbrate beneath; fruit subglobose, 6 mm. long, bluish black. 7. Forestiera tomentosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 157. 1890. Jalisco to Puebla; type collected near Guadalajara. Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, with stiff branches; leaves oblong to elliptie or ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse or acute at base, short-petiolate, coriaceous; fruit ellipsoid, bluish black, 6 to 10 mm. long. “Pico de pajaro” (Michocfin) ; “ mimbre” (Jalisco), 8. Forestiera chiapensis Standl., sp. noy. Type from Canjob, Chiapas (Goldman 794; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470599). Branchlets puberulent when young but soon glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, broadly elliptic, 4.5 to 6 em. long, 2.3 to 3 em. wide, obtusely short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, thin, entire, glabrous; staminate flowers in lax racemes about 1 cm. long; stamens 2 to 4. 9. Forestiera macrocarpa T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 404. 1894. Type from Sierra San Lazaro, Cape Region of Baja California. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, glabrous: leaves elliptic or oblong- ovate, obtuse or acutish, cuneate at base, thin: fruit oblong, dark blue. 10. Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167. 1859. Piptolepis phillyreoides Benth. P1. Hartw. 29. 1840. Jalisco to Guanajuato and Puebla; type from Guanajuato. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to oval or obovate, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute at base, pubescent or glabrate beneath, the margins usually revolute: fruit ellipsoid, black. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1141 6. OSMANTHUS Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 28. 1790. All the other species are natives of Asia and the Pacific islands. 1. Osmanthus americana (L.) Benth. & Hook.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 78. 1878. Olea americana L. Mant. Pl. 24. 1767. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Southern United States. Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter, the bark thin, scaly, dark gray or reddish gray; leaves opposite, petiolate, persistent, elliptic to oblanceolate, 7° to 14 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate or acute at base, leathery, lustrous, entire, glabrous; flowers whitish, fragrant, in short axillary racemes or panicles; calyx with 4 deltoid lobes; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, the limb 4-lobate; stamens 2; fruit a drupe, oval or obovoid, 1.2 to 1.8 cm. long, yellow-green to deep purple, the flesh dry and thin; wood hard, close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.81. Known in the United States as ‘“devilwood.” The writer has seen two Mexican specimens, one from Cumbre del Obispo (Schiede), and one from Monte Pelado, Oaxaca (Galeotti 529), Although not in the best condition for com- parison, they seem to agree perfectly with specimens from the United States. 139. LOGANIACEAE. Logania Family. Shrubs, trees, or herbs, sometimes scandent ; leaves opposite, entire or toothed, estipulate but the petioles usually united by a stipular line; flowers perfect, large or small, variously arranged, regular; calyx inferior, campanu- late or tubular, 4 or 5-lobate; corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salverform, or tubular, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted in the throat or tube of the corolla ; style simple, the stigma capitate or lobate; fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous. Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Stigma bifid. Plants scandent; capsule compressed, many-seeded; seeds winged. 1. GELSEMIUM. Plants erect; capsule terete, 2-seeded; seeds each with a tuft of bristles at apex. Stigma entire or nearly so_------------------- _.______... 2, PLOCOSPERMA. Leaves quintuplinerved ; fruit baccate----~~_- ____________8. STRYCHNOS. Leaves pinnate-nerved; fruit capsular. Corolla tubular, about 3.5 cm. long; stamens exserted_----- 4, EMORYA. Corolla short-salverform, less than 1 cm. long; stamens not exserted. 5. BUDDLETIA. 1. GELSEMIUM Juss. Gen. PI. 150. 1789. One other species is known, a native of eastern Asia. 1. Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. Hort. Kew 2: 64. 1811. Bignonia sempervirens L. Sp. Pl. 623. 1753. Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala; southern United States. Slender scandent glabrous shrub; leaves persistent, short-petiolate, lanceo- late, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, attenuate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire; flowers in axillary 1 to 6-flowered cymes, short-pedicellate ; ealyx 5-lobate; corolla funnelform, 5-lobate, bright yellow, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; stamens 5; capsule compressed, elliptic, 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent, 8 to 15 mm. long; seeds winged. 1142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, A handsome vine, known in the United States as “ yellow jasmine.” The root is reported to contain an alkaloid, gelsemine. A tincture of the root is. sometimes administered in domestic practice for rheumatism and gonor- rhea. It is said to act as an arterial sedative, and in larger doses to produce insensibility to pain, but its use is dangerous or even fatal. Large doses are said to cause vertigo and perverted vision. 2. PLOCOSPERMA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 789. 1876. 1. Plocosperma microphyllum Baill.; Solenreder in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. 42: 50. 1895. Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere. Rigid shrub; leaves fasciculate or opposite, subsessile, oval or oblong, 8 to: 13 mm. long, rounded or shallowly emarginate at apex, rounded at base, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers solitary or fasciculate in the axils, 5-parted; fruit a terete capsule, 4 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter; seeds 2, about 2: cm. long, each with a dense tuft of silky bristles at the apex. 3. STRYCHNOS L. Sp. Pl. 189. 1753. The genus consists of about 200 species of trees, shrubs, or vines, dis- tributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. Some of the species have edible fruit. The seeds of 8. nugz-vomica L., of India, furnish the drugs strychnine and nux-vomica. 1. Strychnos tepicensis Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1441; U. S. Nat. Herb. 300272). Branches glabrous or when young sparsely hirtellous; leaves opposite, the petioles 3 to 5 mm. long, hirtellous or glabrous, the blades ovate-elliptic, 5.5: to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate or long-acuminate, obtuse at base, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, quintuplinerved, the venation prominent be- neath; seeds strongly compressed, rounded-triangular or rounded, about 2 cm. in diameter and 6 mm. thick. The material is very imperfect, consisting of leafy branches and a few seeds, but it seems desirable to assign a specific name to it for the purpose of con- venience. No species of the genus has been reported definitely from Mexico, but there are casual reports of S. triplinervia Mart., a Brazilian plant, from San Juan Bautista, Tabasco, where it is said to be known as “ cabalonga de Tabasco,” “mata-perros,” and “ veneno del diablo.” The Tabasean plant is probably not S. triplinervia, but it may be one of the few species that have been described from Central America. 4. EMORYA Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 121. 1859. A single species is known. 1. Emorya suaveolens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 121. pl. 86. 1859. Nuevo Leén. Type collected in eanyons of the Rio Grande below Presidio del Norte. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, ovate or rhombic, 1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, obtuse or truncate at base, coarsely sinuate-dentate, glabrate above, minutely whitish-tomentulose beneath; flowers in narrow termi- nal thyrsiform panicles, sweet-scented ; calyx tubular, 4-lobate; corolla tubular, 3.5 cm. long, greenish yellow; stamens 4, exserted; fruit a 2-celled capsule. The genus was named for Major William H. Emory, United States Com- missioner to the Mexican Boundary Survey. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 11438 5, BUDDLEIA L. Sp. Pl. 112. 1753. Shrubs or small trees, usually with stellate tomentum; leaves entire or toothed; flowers small, in heads or dense cymes, these solitary and axillary or spicate or paniculate; calyx campanulate, 4-dentate ; corolla short-salverform, the 4 lobes imbricate, spreading in anthesis; stamens 4; capsule septicidally bivalvate. , Some of the Old World species have showy flowers and are cultivated for ornament. The leaves of B. madagascariensis Lam. were formerly employed in Madagascar as a soap substitute, and the plant is used as a remedy for asthma, coughs, and bronchitis. Some of the members of the genus are said to be used for poisoning fish. The usual Mexican name for all the species is “ tepozén.” Under the name “topoean,” Sahagtin mentions one species which was employed as a diuretic and to “regulate the digestion and moderate the heat of the body.” In another place he says: “There is a medicinal tree called tepocan. Its leaves are long, velvety, rounded, and pointed. In color they are somewhat whitish green, and they exhale a rather unpleasant odor. The tree is good for heat of the head in either children or adults. The roots are large and long and have a slightly disagreeable odor. Cut up, pulverized, and mixed with the root of tepeziloxochitlacotl, they are good to stop nose- bleed.” Hemsley listed 26 species of Buddileia from Mexico, and others have been described since. Many of them, however, have been based upon trivial char- acters and must be reduced to synonymy. Flowers in dense heads, these spicate or racemose or sometimes sol‘tary. Heads distinctly pedunculate. Heads mostly terminal and solitary. Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex__1. B. marrubiifolia. Leaves 4.5 to 6 cm. long, acuminate___---__--------- 2. B. saltillensis. Heads axillary, racemose. Leaves petiolate, the petioles not dilated at base_-_-_- 3. B. wrightii. Leaves sessile, or with dilated clasping petioles. Leaves coarsely serrate, contracted into a short petiole, this broadly marginate and dilated at base_---------------- 4. B. chapalana. Leaves crenulate, sessile________--_----------------- 5. B. perfoliata. Heads all or mostly sessile. Leaves sessile, never contracted into a winged petiole, small, mostly 1 to 3 em. long, narrowly oblong_----~----------------- 6. B. scordioides. Leaves petiolate, or at least contracted into a winged petiole, mostly 4 to 12 em. long or larger, commonly lanceolate or ovate. Heads 3 to 7-flowered; leaves obtuse, 7 cm. long or less. i 7. B. tuxtlica. Heads many-flowered; leaves acute or acuminate, usually longer. 8. B. sessiliflora. Flowers in cymes, or capitate but the heads paniculate. Leaves rounded or cordate at base, not decurrent. Leaves covered beneath with a minute close whitish tomentum. 9. B. tomentella. Leaves covered beneath with a loose floccose brownish tomentum. Leaves rounded at apex__---------------------------- 10. B. elliptica. 1144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves usually quickly glabrate on the upper surface; flower clusters partly short-peduneculate_____-__-.-- 11. B. cordata. Leaves persistently tomentose on the upper surface; flower clusters all sessile--____----_--- 12. B. crotonoides. Leaves acute to attenuate at base or decurrent. Ilower clusters in panicled spikes or racemes. Flower clusters all closely sessile__........_ 13. B. floccosa. Flower clusters, at least the lower ones, pedunculate_14. B. americana. Flower clusters loosely paniculate, neither spicate nor racemose. Flowers 4 mm. long_--------_------- 15. B. nitida. * Flowers 2 to 3 mm. long___ _ — _.16. B. parviflora. 1. Buddleia marrubiifolia Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 441. 1846. Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Zacatecas; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Western Texas. Shrub, about 1 meter ‘high or less; leaves short-petiolate, oval, rounded, or rhombic, acute or decurrent at base, coarsely crenate, densely stellate-tomen- tose; floweF heads globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, very dense, the flowers yellow or orange. “ Azafrin” (‘“saffron”; Zacatecas, Coahuila) ; “ azafrain del campo” (Chihuahua, Coahuila); “ azafrancillo,” “ azafranillo” (Coa- huila). A decoction of the flowers is employed in Coahuila to give a yellow or orange color to vermicelli and butter. The decoction is used also in the form of a bath for rheumatism, and the plant is used popularly as an aperitive and di- uretie. 2. Buddleia saltillensis Kriinzlein, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. 111: 41. 1913, Type from Saltillo, Coahuila (the locality is given erroneously by Kriinz- lein as “ Texas’’), Leaves lanceolate, petiolate, short-pilose above, ferruginous-tomentose be- neath; flower heads few or several-flowered, 2 em. long, subcylindric; calyx 2.5 mm. long. Known to the writer only from the original description. 3. Buddleia wrightii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 341. 1891. Sonora to Tepic; type from Mazatlan River, Sinaloa. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 22 cm. long, acuminate or attenuate, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, serrate or entire, tomentulose or glabrate; flower heads 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. “ Te- posana ” (Sinaloa). Perhaps only a form of B. sessilifiora. 4. Buddleia chapalana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 169, 1891. Jalisco; type from Lake Chapala. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oblong to rhombic-ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, stellate-pilose, the petioles united at base around the stem; flower heads slender-pedunculate, about 1 cm. in diameter, very dense, globose. 5. Buddleia perfoliata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 346. 1817. Buddleia sphaerantha Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 104. 1830. San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type collected between Chalco and Mexico. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, densely brownish-tomentose throughout ; leaves lanceolate to oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, acute or attenuate, narrowed and connate STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1145 at base; flower heads 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, very dense, globose. “ Salvia real” (San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); “salvia de bolita” (Mexico); “salvia india’ (Querétaro). The plant is very aromatic and slightly bitter. A hot tea made from the leaves igs administered for neuralgic pains and as a stimulating medicine. The plant is employed also to reduce perspiration, especially in tuberculosis, 6. Buddleia scordioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 345. pl. 183. 1817. Buddleia scordioides capitata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 116. 1883. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Mexico; type collected near the City of Mexico. Western Texas and southern Arizona. Aromatie shrub, a meter high or less; leaves coarsely crenate, rugose, tomentose, or glabrate above; flower heads 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, densely lanate. “Salvia” (Durango); “escobilla” (Durango, Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, Valley of Mexico); ‘“hierba de las escobas” (San Luis Potosi) ; “ golondrilla ” (Durango, Coahuila). Tea made from the plant is much used as a remedy for indigestion. Stock are said to be fond of the shrub. 7. Buddleia tuxtlica Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 73. 1911. Type from Hacienda Petapa, Distrito de Tuxtla, Chiapas. Leaves lanceolate to oblong or subrhombic, 2 to 7 cm. long, serrate or entire, decurrent to base of petiole, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; calyx 2 mm. long. Known to the writer only from the original description. 8. Buddleia sessiliflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 345. pl. 183. 1817. Buddleia verticillata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 346. pl. 184. 1817. Buddleia pseudoverticillata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 24. 1845. Buddleia mellicdora Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 10. 1845. Buddleia barbata Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 12. 1847. Buddleia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 86. 1883. Buddleia simpler Kriinzlein, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 26: 396. 1912. Sonora to Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type collected near the City of Mexico. Southern Arizona. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly rhombic-ovate, 5 to 18 cm. long; attenuate or decurrent at base, entire or serrate, usually densely tomentose, at least beneath, but sometimes gla- brous: flower heads 1 to 2 em. in diameter, usually dense and many-flowered, sometimes in naked terminal spikes, the flowers greenish yellow, very fragrant. “Tepozin’” (Querétaro, Aguascalientes, Morelos, Guanajuato, Tamaulipas) ; “hierba del tepozfiin ” (Sinaloa) ; “tepoja” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ tepoza ” (Jalisco) ; “ tepozfin verde” (Guanajuato); “lengua de vaca” (Morelos, Oax- aca); “tepuza,” “tepozancillo,” “salvia” (Urbina); “ mispatle,” ‘ quimix- patli” (Valley of Mexico). A tea made from the leaves, bark, and roots is taken internally for various purposes, and the leaves, boiled with salt, are applied to wounds and sores. 9. Buddleia tomentella Standl., sp. nov. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Zacatecas; type from Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer 138; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 336132). Shrub, the branchlets minutely tomentulose; leaves long-petiolate, ovate- lanceolate to oblong-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire or crenate-serrate, tomentulose above at first but soon glabrate, covered beneath with a very dense, minute, closely appressed, pale tomentum, coria- ceous; flower heads small, few-flowered, in large terminal naked panicles, 1146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, these 10 to 25 cm. long; calyx 2 to 2.5 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes deltoid, obtuse or acute; corolla barbate within, the tube about as long as the calyx, the 4 lobes rounded, tomentulose outside; capsule 5 mm. long. “ Tepozin” (Coahuila, Zacatecas). The following additional collections belong here: Palmer 869, 718, 709, 188% ; Arséne 6380; Pringle 1887. 10. Buddleia elliptica Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 24, 1845. Type from Pico de Quinceo, near Morelia, Michoacin, altitude 2,100 meters. Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-rounded, 7.5 em. long, 5 em. wide, tomentose beneath, entire; flower heads crowded, densely paniculate. Known to the writer only from the original description. 11, Buddleia cordata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 348. pl. 185. 1817. Buddleia acuminata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 349. pl. 187. 1817. Not B. acuminata Poir. 1810. Buddleia humboldtiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: Mant. 93. 1827. Buddleia ovalifolia Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844. Buddleia macrophylla Kunth, Ind. Sem Hort. Berol. 1844. Buddleia cordata teposan Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 73. 1911. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Chiapas, and Oaxaca; type from Guanajuato. Shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 8 to 30 cm. long, acute or attenuate, usually subcordate at base but rarely only obtuse or even short-decurrent, entire or serrulate, when young often loosely tomentose above but usually soon glabrous, loosely tomentose beneath, the tomentum pers’stent, sometimes with a minute tomentum beneath the longer hairs; flower heads in very large, naked, terminal panicles. “Tepozin” (Mexico, Durango, Tlaxcala); “tepozin blanco” (Guanajuato, Duges). Decoction of the bark and root used as a diuretic, for uterine affections, and for rheumatism. 12. Buddleia crotonoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 165. 1861. Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Shrub, densely brown-tomentose throughout; leaves short-petiolate, oblong- ovate or deltoid-ovate, 7 to 12 em. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, thick, crenate; flower heads small, in panicled spikes. 13. Buddleia floccosa Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844. ? Buddleia propinqua Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844. Buddleia floccosa crassifolia Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 72. 1911. Michoacfiin to Morelos and Oaxaca. Central America. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 4 to 15 cm. long, acute or attenuate, sessile or short-petiolate, some- times abruptly long-decurrent at base, entire or serrate, brown-tomentose be- neath, tomentulose or glabrate above; flower clusters 1 cm. in diameter or less, very dense. “ Tepozin,” ‘“tzompantle” (Oaxaca, Seler). 14, Buddleia americana L. Sp. Pl. 112. 1753. ? Buddleia intermedia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 350. 1817. Buddleia callicarpioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 350. 1817. Buddleia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 352. 1817. Buddleia rufescens Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: Mant. 97. 1827. Buddleia decurrens Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 105. 1830. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1147 Michoacin to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indes; Central and South America. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves petiolate, narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, 7 to 18 em. long, acute to attenuate, decurrent at base, ser- rate or entire, usually glabrate above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; flower heads in panicled, leafy or naked spikes; flowers yellow. “'Tepozin” (Vera- cruz, Mexico, Oaxaca, Nicaragua) ; “topoziin” (Oaxaca, etc.) ; “ zompantle ” (Veracruz); “topoza” (Herrera); “ zayolizin, ‘“layolizin,” “ cayolizin,” “ cayolozin,” “ zayolizeain,” “ cayolinin” (Nueva Farm. Mea.) “ hierba de la mosea” (Oaxaca, Reko); “salvia real ” (Sessé & Mociiio); “salvia” (El Salvador) ; “salvia sija,” “salvia santa * (Guatemala); “tabaquillo” (Pan- ama); “tabaco de monte,” ‘ salvia blanea’” (Colombia). The plant has a camphor-like odor. A decoction of the leaves, bark, and roots has been employed as a diuretic, especially in dropsy, as a healing lotion for wounds, and for rheumatic pains and uterine affections. In Colombia the leaves are applied to the forehead to relieve headache. 15. Buddleia nitida Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 437, 1846. Type from Chiapas. Guatemala. Leaves petiolate, lance-oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, usually acute at base, entire, coriaceous, glabrate above, closely brownish-tomentose be- neath; panticles short and dense. 16. Buddleia parviflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817. Buddleia microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817. Buddleia abbreviata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817. Buddleia lanceolata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 48. 1840. Buddleia gracilis Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844. Buddleia venusta Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844. Buddleia ligustrina Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 359. 1911. Buddleia monticola Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 360. 1911. Sinaloa (?) and Jalisco to Durango, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves petiolate or subsessile, nar- rowly lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, acute or attenuate, serrate or en- tire, usually glabrate above but densely tomentulose beneath; flower heads few- flowered, often loose, in small or large panicles. “'Tepozin” (Sinaloa) ; “ tepo- gin cimarron,” “ tepozin de cerro ” (Mexico). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. BupDDLEIA TEUCRIOIDES Kriinzlein, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 26: 397. 1912. Locality not known, but probably Mexican. 140. APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family. Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, often scandent, with milky juice; leaves entire, estipulate, opposite, verticillate, or alternate; flowers usually in cymes, ter- minal or lateral, large or small, perfect, regular ; calyx inferior, the segments united at base, often glandular within at base, usually 5-parted ; corolla gamo- petalous, usually salverform or funnelform, the limb commonly 5-lobate; sta- mens 5, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla, the filaments short, the anthers narrow, free but often connivent, frequently appendaged at base; style 1, simple or cleft at base; fruit of 2 carpels, these dry or fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent. 1148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Two genera, Amsonia and Apocynum, are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. It is possible that Allamanda cathartica L. may extend into Mexico or at least be in cultivation. It is a woody vine with large showy yellow flowers. Anther cells not appendaged at base; plants never scandent. Leaves all alternate. Carpels of the fruit many-seeded, dehiscent, Corolla salverform. 1. PLUMERIA. Carpels 1 or 2-seeded, indehiscent. Corolla salverform; carpels: about 1 em. long__________2. VALLESIA. Corolla funnelform; carpels much larger______________8. THEVETIA. Leaves opposite or verticillate. Carpels of the fruit 1 or 2-seeded, almost wholly connate. Leaves ver- ticillate-_------e-ee ee 4. RAUWOLFIA. Carpels with more numerous seeds, free, at least above. Leaves mostly verticillate. Carpels long and slender, dehiscent. 5. TONDUZIA. Leaves opposite. Calyx glandular within; carpels fleshy, usually indehiscent. Corolla salverform__-__------ 6. TABERNAEMONTANA. Corolla funnelform____------ = 7. STEMMADENIA. Calyx eglandular; carpels dry, dehiscent. Carpels slender, terete; seeds not winged; herbs or low shrubs. 8. CATHARANTHUS. Carpels broad, compressed; seeds broadly winged; large trees. 9. ASPIDOSPERMA. Anther cells appendaged at base and sometimes at apex; plants usually scandent. Corolla with 5 scales in the throat; leaves verticillate. Plants erect. 10. NERIUM. Corolla without scales; leaves oppos'te. Tips of the anthers exserted from the corolla. Corolla subrotate, the tube very short. Cymes umbel-like------.- 11. THENARDIA. Cymes spikelike------- = 12. FORSTERONIA. Corolla salverform, the tube elongate... | 13. PRESTONIA. Tips of the anthers not exserted. Corolla funnelform, the throat evidently dilated. Plants erect------------- 4, MACROSIPHONIA. Plants scandent. Calyx eglandular--..--- RHABDADENIA. Calyx glandular within. Anthers with a subulate twisted appendage at apex. 16. URECHITES. Anthers not appendaged at apex, obtuse to acuminate. 17%. MANDEVILLA. Corolla salverform. Calyx eglandular, Plants erect__-_.__ 18, HAPLOPHYTON. Calyx glandular within. Flowers racemose________ ~~ 19. ECHITES. Flowers cymose. Corolla tube twisted__.._._____——__0, STREPTOTRACHELUS. Corolla tube not twisted... _..-...-21. SECONDATIA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1149 1. PLUMERIA L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. Shrubs or trees with thick branches and copious milky sap; leaves alter- nate, petiolate; flowers large, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-cleft, eglandular ; corolla salverform, with slender tube; anthers obtuse, not appendaged, fruit of 2 large divergent many-seeded follicles; seeds flat, winged. The generic name is often written incorrectly as Plumiera and Plumieria. Leaves pubescent beneath. Flowers white or yellow. Leaves oblong-linear, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, the margins revolute__.1. P. alba. Leaves elliptic to elongate-oblong, mostly 4 to 7.5 cm. wide, the margins not revolute. Leaves elongate-oblong, about 5 times as long as broad__2. P. megaphylla. Leaves mostly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 times as long as broad or less_____----____-___--__---------+-+-----+---~----------- 3. P. mollis. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Corolla red or purple____------------------------------------ 4. P. rubra. Corolla white___.-_-_-_----------..----------------------- 5. P. acutifolia. 1. Plumeria alba L. Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. Yucatin, probably introduced and perhaps only in cultivation. Native of West Indies but often cultivated elsewhere. Tree, 3 to 8 meters high; bark gray or whitish, slightly roughened; leaves short-petiolate, 16 to 30 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous and lustrous above, minutely tomentulose beneath; corolla white, about 6 cm. long; follicles 18 to 20 cm. long. “Sabanicté” (Yucatéin, Maya) ; “ flor de pan” (Nicaragua) ; ‘‘amapola de Venus” (Central America); “ amancayo,” “azuceno ” (Colom- bia); “lirio blanco,” “lirio silvestre,” “ alelf blanco,” ‘“ atabaiba” (Cuba) ; “tabaiba,” “tapaiba” (Porto Rico) ; “amapola” (Venezuela). The wood is said to be yellowish white or pale yellowish gray, compact, fine-grained, and strong. The juice is said to be poisonous and caustic; it is sometimes employed in the West Indies as a remedy for cutaneous and ve- nereal diseases. 2, Plumeria megaphylla A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 391, 1844. Type from Puebla. Leaves about 30 em. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous above, puberulent or pubescent beneath along the nerves; corolla 5 em. long or more, yellow. 3. Plumeria mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 230. 1819. Tepic and Jalisco to Aguascalientes and Chiapas. Type from the Orinoco River. Leaves 12 to 23 cm. long, short-petiolate, acute or short-acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, pubescent beneath or finally glabrate; corolla white, 5 to 7 em. long; follicles 15 to 25 ecm. long. 4, Plumeria rubra L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. °Plumeria canthostoma Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 523. 1833. Yucatin, Puebla, and Chiapas, and doubtless elsewhere, at least in cultiva- tion. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub or tree, 8 meters high or less, the branchlets pubescent ; leaves elliptic- oblong to elliptic-obovate, 15 to 40 cm. long, acute or obtuse and short-pointed, obtuse or acute at base; corolla 3.5 to 5.5 em. long; follicles 15 to 25 cm. long, about 2.5 em. thick. “ Sabanicté,” “ chacnicté,” “nicté” (Yucatéin, Maya) ; “ flor de mayo” (Yucatién, Puebla, El Salvador) ; “flor de la cruz” (Guatemala, 1150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, El Salvador); “flor del toro” (Nicaragua); “caracacha colorada,” “ cara- cucho,” “ palo de cruz” (Panama) ; “ Alejandrfa ” (Morelos, Central America) ; “flor de sefiora” (El Salvador); “alelf” (Porto Rico); “lirio colorado” (Cuba) ; “flor de ensarta” (El Salvador). The flowers are handsome and sweet-scented. They are often strung with those of other colors to hang as festoons in churches. A related species, P. tricolor Ruiz & Pav., in which the corolla is pink and yellow within, red and white outside, is said to be cultivated in Mexico, and to be known as “flor de mayo” and “ensalada.” The corollas are said to be used for making sweetmeats and as a remedy for coughs. 5. Plumeria acutifolia Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 667. 1811. Plumeria mexicana Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 1024. 1825. Plumeria lambertiana Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1378. 1830. Plumeria gouani D. Don; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 94. 1838. Baja California and Sonora to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely dispersed in tropical America, and also naturalized in the Old World tropics. Shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high, the branchlets usually pubescent; leaves oblong to elliptic, 15 to 30 cm. long or more, acute to long-acuminate, with numerous parallel lateral nerves; corolla 6 to 7 em. long, the tube about equal- ing or much shorter than the lobes; follicles 10 to 25 em. long, sometimes as much as 4 cm. wide. “Cacaloxochitl” (Baja California, Veracruz, Mexico, ete., Nahuatl); “cacalosfichil” (Oaxaca, ete.); “stchil” (Oaxaca); “ jaca- losichil blanco” (Jaliseo) ; “flor del cuervo,” “ campotonera,” ‘“ campechana,” “Alejandria” (various localities); “ tizaxochitl ”; “quie-chachi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “suchlcahue” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ahaipuih” (Mixe, Belmar) ; “cacalojoche,” “ juche” (Costa Rica) ; “ sacuanjoche” (Nicaragua) ; “flor de la cruz,” “flor de ensarta,” “flor de mayo” (El Salvador); “ caleachuchi” (Philippines). The beautiful sweet-scented flowers were a favorite among the ancient Mexicans, and especially popular with the nobility. They are still greatly admired by the Mexican people, who often plant the tree in their gardens and use the flowers for decorations, especially in churches. The Indians often wear them in their hair. The name “ frangipanni” is applied to this and related species, likewise “temple flower” and “graveyard-flower.” The juice is sometimes employed in treating wounds and venereal diseases, and it is said to produce a good quality of rubber. 2. VALLESIA Ruiz & Pay. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 2: 26. 1799. Shrubs or small trees; leaves short-petiolate, persistent, alternate; flowers in pedunculate cymes opposite the leaves; calyx eglandular, with 5 short lobes ; corolla salverform, the tube enlarged below the lobes; anthers cordate, not ap- pendaged ; fruit a 1 or 2-seeded drupe; seeds naked. The following species are the only ones known. The genus was named in honor of Francisco Valles, physician to Phillip II of Spain. Leaves mostly obtuse, densely pubescent...” 1. V. laciniata. Leaves acute or acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 15 to 18 mm. long... 2. V. mexicana. Corolla about 5 mm. long_------------ 3. V. glabra. 1. Vallesia laciniata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 182. 1889. Baja California; type material collected at San Sebastian and Comondt. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branchlets densely pubescent ; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long; cymes dense, many-flowered; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit white. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1151 2. Vallesia mexicana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 393. 1860. Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Guatemala. Shrub; branchlets glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 8 to 11 cm. long, obtuse or acute at base; cymes dense, many-flowered, the flowers short-petiolate. Neriandra aurantiaca Mart. & Gal.’ is probably the same plant. 3. Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 207. 1821. Rauwolfia glabra Cav. Icon, Pl. 3: 50. 1794. Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. FI. Peruv. Chil. 2: 26. 1799. Vallesia cymbifolia Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 98. 1800. Rauwolfia oppositifiora Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 32. 1887. Baja California and Sonora to Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca. Florida, West Indies, and South America. Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves narrowly lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, rather fleshy, obtuse or acute at base; cymes few-flowered ; corolla white; fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long, white. “ Cacarahue,” “ otatave * (Sinaloa); “ frutilla” (Querétaro) ; “ huelatave” (Baja California) ; “ palo boniato ” (Cuba). The fruit is sometimes eaten by children, and its juice is employed as a remedy for inflammation of the eyes. 3. THEVETIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 171. 1763. Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, 1-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flowers large, yellow, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within at base, the segments spreading; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric, abruptly ex- panded into the campanulate throat; anthers small, lanceolate; fruit dru- paceous, broader than long, obcompressed, the endocarp nutlike, 2-celled; seeds large, with acute edges. Leaves linear or nearly so. Leaves glabrous beneath, the lateral nerves obsolete__—--- 1. T. peruviana. Leaves usually pubescent or tomentose beneath, the lateral nerves conspicu- OUS____------_------------------------------------ 2. T. thevetioides. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong to obovate. Leaves glabrous beneath. Narrow portion of the corolla tube scarcely exceeding the calyx. 3. T. gaumeri. Narrow portion of the corolla tube several times as long as the calyx. 4. T. plumeriaefolia. Leaves pubescent beneath. Leaves acuminate____-------------------------------------~ 5. T. nitida. Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex, or rarely acutish___------- 6. T. ovata. 1. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. 9: 130. 1914. Cerbera thevetia L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. Cerbera peruviana Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 267. 1805. Thevetia neriifolia Juss.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 680. 1841. Thevetia thevetia Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 83. 1900. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz to Yucatan, Chiapas, and Guerrero. Florida, West Indies, and Central and South America. Shrub or tree, 10 meters high or less; bark gray; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long, 0.5 to 1 em. wide, acute, long-attenuate at base, lustrous; corolla about 7 cm. 1Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 356. 1844. 1152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. long, the tube much shorter than the limb; fruit triangular, 3 to 4 cm. broad, about 2 cm. long, and 1 to 1.5 em. thick, subtruneate. “ Chirca ” (Chiapas, Costa Rica, Guatemala) ; “ campanilla” (Yucatén, Morelos, Guerrero, Panama, Philippines) ; “ acitz” (Yucatin, Maya); “naranjo amarillo” (San Luis Potosi, Ramirez); “ yoyote,” “yoyotli” (Veracruz, Guerrero, Ramirez) ; “narciso amarillo” (Jalisco, Oliva); “chilea” (Nicaragua, Guatemala) ; “caball6n” (Porto Rico); “ cabalonga,” “cobalonga” (Cuba, Porto Rico, Colombia); “ amancay,” “aje de monte,” “ pepa de cruz,” “ castafieto” (Colombia) ; “ chilindr6n,” “campanilla amarilla ” (El Salvador); “lengua de gato,” “ retama ” (Venezuela) ; “ camache,” “ caruache ” (Guiana), The tree is showy when in flower and is often cultivated in the tropics. In Florida it is known as “ trumpet-flower ” and “ yellow oleander,” and in the British West Indies as “ lucky-nut,” and “ luck-seed.” The flowers are very Sweet-scented. The wood is said to be soft and fibrous and to have a specific gravity of about 0.80. The milky juice and the seeds are poisonous. In Yuca- tan cotton soaked in the juice is placed in cavities in teeth to relieve tooth- ache, The seeds have been reported to yield a glucoside, thevetine. A tinc- ture of the bark is considered a powerful febrifuge and in large doses is a violent purgative and emetic. 2. Thevetia thevetioides (H. B. KX.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 42: 159, 1895. Cerbera thevetioides H. B, K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 223. 1819. Thevetia yccotli A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 348. 1844, Thevetia yccotli glabra A. DC, in DC. Prodr. 8: 348. 1844, Michoaciin to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca ; type collected near Taxco and Tehuilotepec (Guerrero). Shrub or small tree, 3 to 9 meters high; leaves 7 to 14 em. long, 5 to 10 mm, wide, acute or attenuate, long-attenuate at base, the margins usually revolute; corolla 8 to 9 em. long, the tube shorter than the limb; fruit about 4 cm. wide, 3 em. long, and 8 em. thick. ‘“Codo de fraile” (Hidalgo) ; “ yucu- caca” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko) ; “ fraile” (Guanajuato) ; “ cabrito ” (Jalisco) ; “narciso amarillo” (Morelos) ; “ecalaveritas ” (Oaxaca) ; “ tzinacanytlacuatl ” (Herrera) ; “yoyote” or “ yoyotl” (from the Nahuatl yoyotli) ; “huesos de fraile” (fruit) ; “ joyote,” “ joyota.” The seeds contain about 40 per cent of oil and also a glucoside, thevetin, and they are considered very poisonous. Taken internally they act as a violent vomitive, hinder respiration, and cause paralysis of the heart. They have been given in Mexico as a substitute for digitalis, but their use is dangerous. They are a popular remedy for hemorrhoids, and some of the Indians consider them a remedy for rattlesnake bites. They are said to have been worn about the ankles as rattles in certain dances. The leaves or the juice were employed by the Aztecs for deafness, cutaneous diseases, ulcers, and toothache. 3. Thevetia gaumeri Hemsl. in Hook, Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1517. 1886. Thevetia spathulata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 383. 1898. Yucatin; type from Cozumel Island. Tree, 6 to 18 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblanceolate, 5 to 12 cm. long, obtuse, long-attenuate at base, lustrous above, paler beneath; co- rola 3.5 to 5 em. long, the tube much shorter than the throat; fruit com- pressed, 3 cm. broad, 2 em. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1153 4, Thevetia plumeriaefolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 124. pl. 43. 1844. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America; type from Gulf of Fonseca, Hon- duras. Glabrous tree; leaves oblanceolate-oblong to oblong-obovate, 13 to 23 cm. long, 4.5 to 7 cm. wide, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, acute at base, lus- trous; corolla 4 to 5 cm. long, the tube longer than the throat. “Chilindrén ” (Guatemala) ; “cojén de gato” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; ‘chirca venenosa ”’ (Costa Rica) ; “tomatillo” (Colombia) ; “ chilindr6n blanco” (El Salvador). 5. Thevetia nitida (H. B. K.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844. Cerbera nitida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 225, 1819. Reported from Tabasco and Yucatin. Panama; type from Colombia. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 20 to 25 cm, long, 4 to 5 em. wide, lustrous above, pilosulous beneath; corolla tube about 2.5 em. long. “ Ojo de venado” (Con- gatti). 6. Thevetia ovata (Cav.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844. ‘ Cerbera ovata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 35. pl. 270. 1794. Cerbera cuneifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 224. 1819. Thevetia cuneifolia A. DC, in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844. Thevetia cuneifolia andrieurii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844. Sinaloa and Jalisco to Chiapas. Reported from Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 5 meters high; leaves narrowly cuneate-oblong to broadly obovate, 5.5 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 4.5 em. wide, cuneate or attenuate at base, glabrate and lustrous above, densely pubescent beneath; corolla 6 to 8 cm. long, the tube shorter than the throat; fruit scarcely compressed, 3.5 to 4 cm. broad, 2 to 3 em. long. “ Regalgar * (Sinaloa); “huevo de gato” (Jalisco) ; “meriendita ’; “naranjo amarillo (Ramirez); “ narciso amarillo” (Michoa- cin) ; “cascabel” (Guatemala) ; “chirca venenosa * (Costa Rica). As in other species, the seeds are reputed to be very poisonous. The Indians earry them in their pockets as a preventive of hemorrhoids. 4, RAUWOLFIA I. Sp. Pl. 208. 1753. Shrubs or small trees; leaves usually verticillate, short-petiolate; flowers small, in pedunculate, mostly axillary cymes ; calyx eglandular, 5-cleft; corolla salverform; stamens included, the anthers obtuse, not appendaged; fruit of 2 drupes, these connate, the fruit thus somewhat didymous. Leaves densely and finely pubescent beneath _______---------- 1. R. canescens. Leaves glabrous beneath or pubescent along the costa. * Leaves linear-lanceolate_.__-__---------------------------- 2. R. longifolia. Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic or obovate-------~---- 3. R. heterophylla. 1. Rauwolfia canescens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 303. 1762. Veracruz; Sinaloa to Guerrero. Guatemala, West Indies, and northern South America. Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less, the branchlets pubescent; leaves in whorls of 8 to 5, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-obovate, 5 to 10 em. long, acute or obtuse at each end, puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface; cymes few or rarely many-flowered ; corolla about 4 mm. long; fruit black, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. “ Venenito ” (Colombia). The fruit contains a black juice which has been employed for dyeing. If eaten it causes violent inflammation of the alimentary canal or even death. A decoction of the bark is used externally in the West Indies as a remedy for 1154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. chronic cutaneous diseases and to destroy parasites. It is also administered internally for syphilitic affections. The calyx lobes are usually very obtuse, but in a specimen from Acapulco they are acuminate. The same variation is found in West Indian specimens. 2. Rauwolfia longifolia A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 388. 1844. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Miguel Sola, Oaxaca. Leaves ternate, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, acuminate at each end, glabrous; cymes many-flowered ; calyx glabrous, the lobes ovate, acute; flowers 12 mm. long, the corolla lobes acute. 8. Rauwolfia heterophylla Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 105. 1819. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Yucatén, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Cuba ; Central and South America. ° Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves in whorls of 3 to 5, 3 to 10 em. long, acute or acuminate, usually acute at base, glabrous or pubescent only beneath along thé costa; cymes few-flowered ; calyx lobes obtuse, usually ciliate; co- rolla greenish white, about 2.5 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, red at first, purple-black at maturity. “Cabamuc’ (Yucatéin) ; “sarna de perro” (Colima) ; “ cocotombo ” (Guerrero, Sessé ¢ Mociiio); “ guataco colorado,” “ viborilla,” ‘comida de culebra ” (Nicaragua) ; “cohatac6” (Costa Rica) ; “sefiorita,” “amatillo,” “hierba de San José,” “matacoyote” (El Salvador). The plant has milky sap. The crushed root was employed in Guerrero, ac- cording to Sessé and Mocifio’ (who list the plant as Rauwolfia nitida, a West Indian species), as a remedy for erysipelas, and the leaves for healing ulcers. In Colima the root decoction ig used as a gargle for the throat and as a wash for the gums. The juice of the fruit is used as ink and also for dyeing. The fruit itself is reputed to be poisonous. 5. TONDUZIA Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 103. 1908. Two other Central American species have been described. The genus was named for Sefior Don Adolfo Tonduz, well known for his botanical work in Costa Rica. 1. Tonduzia parvifolia Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 103. 1908. Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from Angostura. Shrub or small tree, glabrous; leaves mostly verticillate, petiolate, linear- lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acuminate or at- tenuate, attenuate at base, coriaceous; flowers white, in terminal and axillary cymes; calyx 5-parted, 1 to 1.2 mm. long; corolla salverform, the tube 4 to 5 mm. long; carpels slender, terete; seeds flat, elliptic, ciliate. ‘“ Chamicillo ” (Oaxaca). 6. TABERNAEMONTANA L. Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. Shrubs or trees, usually glabrous; leaves opposite; flowers in terminal cymes, sometimes sublateral, white or yellowish; calyx 5-lobate, glandular within; corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, the lobes contorted; anthers sagittate, not appendaged ; fruit of 2 fleshy short follicles. Calyx lobes linear-subulate; flowers 5 cm. long_-----_ 1, T. litoralis. Calyx lobes ovate, usually obtuse; flowers less than 5 em. long. Tips of the anthers not exserted___-....-- 2. T. citrifolia. Tips of the anthers exserted. Corolla tube about 6 mm. long__--------- 3. T. alba. Corolla tube 8 to 15 mm. long___-------- 4. T. amygdalifolia, *Pl Novy. Hisp. 32. 1887. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1155 1. Tabernaemontana litoralis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 228. 1819. Type from Campeche; reported also from Tabasco, Veracruz, Guerrero, and British Honduras. Leaves elliptic-oblong, about 12 cm. long and 5 em. wide, subacuminate, acute at base; sepals fleshy, the margins imbricate; corolla tube 4 to 5 times as long as the calyx; stamens included. Known to the writer only from the original description. The vernacular names “sicte” and “sictillo” are reported from Tabasco, but they may per- tain to some other species. 2. Tabernaemontana citrifolia L. Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. Tabernaemontana martensii Peyr. Linnaea 30: 31. 1859. Tabernaemontana paisavelensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 555. 1894. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America. Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, oblanceolate-oblong to ob- long-obovate or elliptic, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute or very abruptly short-acumi- nate, acute at base; flowers white, in dense or lax cymes, pedicellate ; corolla tube 6 to 8 mm. long. “Cojén de gato” (Veracruz) ; “ lecherillo” (Oaxaca) ; “palo de San Diego” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘ cachito” (Nicaragua) ; ‘“ pegojo,” “lechoso” (Cuba); “huevo de gallo ” (Cuba, Porto Rico); “ guacharaco,”” “eojén de cabrito,” “turma de perro * (Colombia). The flowers are sweet-scented. The milky juice is sometimes applied to warts to destroy them. In the West Indies the plant has been employed as a remedy for fevers. 3. Tabernaemontana alba Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Tabernaemontana no. 2. 1768. Reported from Veracruz and Yucatan. Leaves ovate-oblong, 12 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide, abruptly short- acuminate, acute at base, petiolate; cymes many-flowered. Known to the writer only from description. 4. Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 14. 1760. Tabernaemontana acapulcensis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 57. 1878. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Yucatan. Central and South America. Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic to narrowly lance-oblong, 5 to 17 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base; corolla white; follicles 4 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em. thick, smooth. “ Berraco de la costa,” “berraco” (Sinaloa) ; “chusumpek” (Yucatin Maya); “ cojén de puerco” (Oaxaca, El Salvador) ; ‘“utzupek,” ‘“olfato de perro ” (Yucatan, Seler) ; “jazmin de perro” (Oaxaca, Yucatin) ; “ huevos de toro” (Guerrero, Oaxaca); “cojén de toro” (Oaxaca); “rejalgar” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ pla- tanito” (Colombia); “huevo de gato ” (Panama); “jazmin del monte” (Panama, El Salvador) ; “ chilindr6én,” ‘“coj6n macho,” “leche de perra,” “amatillo” (El Salvador). 7. STEMMADENIA Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 124. 1844. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite ; flowers large, usually yellow, few, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted, the lobes imbricate, glandular within; corolla funnelform, the tube expanded into a broad throat, the lobes contorted ; stamens included, the anthers sagittate, not appendaged; fruit of 2 short fleshy divaricate follicles. 1156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves glabrous beneath. Corolla tube 2 to 2.5 em. long------ Corolla tube 8 to 5.5 em. long. Corolla tube about 3 em. long____ oe _.2. S. bignoniaeflora, Corolla tube about 5 em. long------ 3. S. insignis, Leaves pubescent beneath, at least along the costa, Leaves barbate beneath along the costa, elsewhere glabrous or nearly so. 4. S. palmeri. -a------..--____]l. S. bella. Leaves pubescent beneath over the whole surface, Calyx about 5 mm, long------ _...5. S. tomentosa. Calyx 12 to 20 mm. long _........6. 8. mollis, 1. Stemmadenia bella Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 77. 1878. Veracruz to Michoacin and Guerrero; reported from Tabasco; type from Orizaba, Veracruz. Shrub, 2 meters high or more, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 12 em. long, abruptly acuminate, acute at base; corolla lobes 12 to 15 mm. long. “ Lechoso ” (Michoacin, Guerrero). 2. Stemmadenia bignoniaeflora (Schlecht.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 77. 1878. Echites bignoniaeflora Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 372. 1853. Described from Mexico, the locality not known. Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-elliptic, 10 cm. long, 4.5 em. wide, acute at each end, on short marginate petioles; calyx 12 to 14 mm. long. Known to the writer only from description. 3. Stemmadenia insignis Miers, Apocyn. 8S. Amer. 76. 1878. Jalisco to Veracruz and Yucatéin; type from Mérida, Yucatiéin. Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, 8 to 18 em. long, abruptly acuminate, acute at base; calyx 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit carpels about 5 em. long and 8 em. wide, sharp-pointed. “ Laurel” (Yucatan). 4. Stemmadenia palmeri Rose & Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Morelos, and Jalisco; type from Imala, Sinaloa (Palmer 1470; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 305608). Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; leaves on long or short petioles, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 18 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, densely barbate beneath along the costa or in age rarely glabrate; calyx lobes 4 to 6 mm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous; corolla tube 8 to 4.5 em. long, the lobes of about the same length; fruit carpels 4.5 em. long and 3 cm. wide or smaller, falcate-ovoid, “ Berraco,” “ tapaco” (Sinaloa). 5. Stemmadenia tomentosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 310. 1900. Type collected near Zapotlin, Jalisco. Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; corolla yellow, 7.5 to 8 em. long, 6. Stemmadenia mollis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 125. 1844. Guerrero to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Guayaquil, Ecuador. ° Shrub or small tree, 3 to 7.5 meters high, the branchlets pubescent; leaves elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, 5 to 17 em. long, obtuse or abruptly short- acuminate, pubescent on both surfaces; corolla yellow, 7 to 8 cm. long. ‘“Cojén de puerco” (Oaxaca); “ cojén” (Guatemala, El Salvador); “flor del dia” (El Salvador). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1157 8. CATHARANTHUS Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 95. 1838. 1. Catharanthus roseus (L.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 95. 1838. Vinea rosea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 944. 1759. Lochnera rosea Reichenb. Consp. Veg. 134. 1828. Ammocallis rosea Small, Fl. Southeast U. 8. 936. 1903. Cultivated in Mexico for ornament and in some places naturalized ; specimens have been seen only from Sinaloa and Yucatan, but the plant must be much more widely distributed. Widely dispersed in the tropics of both hem‘spheres. Plants herbaceous or woody at base, 1 meter high, thinly pubescent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 3 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or retuse ; flowers solitary or geminate in the axils; calyx 5-cleft; corolla salverform, white or pink, the slender tube 2.5 to 3 cm. long; follicles cylindric, 2 to 3 cm. long, pubescent. ‘ Maravilla de Espafia ” (Mexico); “flor de todo el afio,” “jazmin del mar” (Porto Rico) ; “ vicaria,” ‘ Dominica” (Cuba) ; “chichirica ” (Philippines) ; “ chula,” ‘“ mulata” (El Salvador). In the United States and the British West Indies the plant is known as “vinea,” “old maid,” “red periwinkle,” and erroneously as “ sweet-william.” The flowers are showy and the plant is easily propagated. In Madagascar the bitter astringent leaves are employed as a vomitive, and the roots are said to be purgative, vermifuge, depurative, and hemostatic, and to be a remedy for toothache. 9. ASPIDOSPERMA Mart. & Zucc. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 57. 1824. 1. Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 400. 1860. Type from Colipa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Large tree; leaves petiolate, oblong, 12 to 22 em. long, acute, obtuse at base, coriaceous, glabrous, lustrous, often unequal at base; follicles obliquely reniform-obovate, 12 em. long and 10 cm. wide, rounded-obtuse, glabrous; seed body compressed, 2 to 2.5 cm. broad, surrounded by a broad thin wing, the whole 7 to 9 em. in diameter. ‘ Volador ” (Veracruz); “ chichique,” “ chichica ” (Guatemala). 10. NERIUM L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. 1. Nerium oleander L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753. Cultivated in all the warmer parts of Mexico, and in places naturalized. Native of the Mediterranean region, but cultivated in all warm regions and in many places naturalized. Shrub or small tree, glabrous or obscurely puberulent ; leaves mostly ternate, short-petiolate, linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, acute, coriaceous; flowers pink or white, fragrant, often double, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within ; corolla funnelform, the limb 5-lobate; follicles elongate, straight, appressed. “ Laurel rosa,” “laurel blanco,” “ laurel colorado” (Mex- ico, Porto Rico, Ecuador) ; “adelfa” (Mexico, Porto Rico, Ecuador, Guam) ; “ yaga-quiegueze” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “narciso” (Guatemala, El Sal- vyador); “ berberfa” (Venezuela); “rosa laurel *%» (Mexico, Guam); “ adelfa sencilla’? (Porto Rico); “laurel rosado” (Porto Rico, Colombia) ; “flor de Habana” (Colombia). The oleander is one of the handsomest of cultivated shrubs and is abun- dantly planted in Mexican parks and gardens. The plant contains alkaloids which act as a powerful cardiac poison, and has been employed in medicine as a heart stimulant and tonic. It has long been used in southern Europe for destroying rats, and sometimes for poisoning people. An infusion of the 1158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. leaves in oil has been used as a remedy for cutaneous diseases and to de- stroy parasites, In Venezuela the juice of the leaves has been employed for keeping away or destroying flies, and also to remove warts. 11. THENARDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 210, 1819. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers in umbel-like cymes, pseudo-axillary, slender-pedicellate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla subrotate, the tube very short, the lobes dextrorsely contorted; stamens ex- serted, the anthers sagittate, connivent, appendaged at base; fruit of 2 elon- gate follicles. Corolla about 12 mm. long___------------ 1. T. floribunda. Corolla 6 mm, long____-___--_------- 2. T. galeottiana. 1. Thenardia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 210. pl. 240. 1819. Thenardia suaveolens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844. Michoacin to Mexico and Oaxaca; type collected near the City of Mexico. Large vine, glabrous throughout, the branches slender; leaves slender-petio- late, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 5.5 to 13.5 em. long, acuminate or long- acuminate, obtuse at base; cymes pedunculate, many-flowered, 8 to 11 em. broad, the flowers greenish white, sometimes tinged with purple; anthers 5 to 6 mm. long. “ Petatillo” (Oaxaca). 2. Thenardia galeottiana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 819, 1890. Guerrero and Oaxaca. . Stems slender, glabrous; leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, attenuate, obtuse or acute at base; cymes few-flowered, about 3 cm. broad, puberulent; anthers 2.5 mm. long. 12. FORSTERONIA Meyer, Prim. FI. Esseq. 135, 1818. 1. Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) Meyer, Prim. FI. Esseq. 135. 1818. Kchites spicata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Michoacin or Guerrero; reported from Campeche. Guatemala; Colombia, the type from Cartagena. Woody vine; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong to broadly oval, 5 to 15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, sparsely pilosu- lous beneath or glabrate; flowers white, the cymes spiciform, dense, terminal and axillary; calyx lobes ovate, acuminate, corolla 4 to 5 mm. long, pubescent outside and within, the lobes acute. The writer has seen no Colombian specimens, but the Mexican plant agrees well with the descriptions. The latter may, however, represent a distinct species. 13. PRESTONIA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 69. 1809. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers in cymes, these pseudo- axillary; calyx 5-parted, the segments broad or narrow; corolla salverform, the tube slender, the 5 lobes broad, dextrorsely contorted; anthers sagittate, connivent, semiexserted, appendaged at base; follicles erect or divergent. Calyx lobes linear or linear-lanceolate. Leaves velutinous-pubescent beneath _.-_-_-_..-- 1. P. contorta. Leaves obscurely puberulent or glabrate beneath__._______ 2. P. langlassei. Calyx lobes ovate or ovate-cordate. Leaves glabrous__________----.-_-- 3. P. schizadenia. Leaves densely sericeous or pilose. Leaves broadly elliptic or rounded-elliptic__.....__ 4, P. mexicana. Leaves ovate-lanceolate_....-.----- 5. P. sericea. STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1159 1. Prestonia contorta (Mart. & Gal.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 311. 1881. Haemadictyon contortum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 860. 1844. Type from Zacatepec, Oaxaca. Leaves petiolate, oval, acuminate, subcordate at base, pubescent above, velu- tinous beneath; cymes dense, bifid, longer than the leaves; corolla about 2.5 em. long, red, the lobes ovate-rounded. 2. Prestonia langlassei Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from La Correa, Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 50 meters (Langlassé 435; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 385945). Stems slender, obscurely puberulent or glabrate; petioles slender, 10 to 16 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 10 cm. long, 2.2 to 5 cm. wide, trun- cate or subcordate at base, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate at apex, thin, obscurely puberulent, the lateral nerves G6 or 7 on each side; cymes many- flowered, nearly as long as the leaves, pedunculate ; pedicels puberulent, 10 to 17 mm. long; calyx lobes linear, about 5 mm. long; corolla blackish red, the tube 18 to 20 mm. long, sparsely villosulous, the lobes about 1 cm. long; anthers conspicuously exserted. 3. Prestonia schizadenia (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 312. 1881. Haemadictyon schizadenium Muell. Arg. Linnaea 80: 431. 1860. Type from Papantla, Veracruz. Branches scabrid; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 12 to 15 em. long, 4.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rounded or cordate at base; cymes half as long as the leaves; calyx 14 mm. long, glabrous; corolla 2.5 em. long, glabrous. 4, Prestonia mexicana (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 312. 1881. Haemadictyon mexicanum A. DC, in DC. Prodr. 8: 428, 1844. Guerrero to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Morelos. Central America. Large scandent shrub; leaves very short-petiolate, 8 to 16 cm. long, 5 to 12 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and shortly cuspidate, rounded or subcordate at base, densely covered with fulvous pubescence ; ealyx 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, the lobes ovate or lance-oblong ; corolla about 4 cm. long, densely pilose; follicles divaricate, about 8 cm. long and nearly 2 em. thick, densely hispid ; seeds with a coma of long soft hairs. ‘Cacha de chivo” (El Salvador). 5. Prestonia sericea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 360. 1844. Type collected in Oaxaca. Stems villous; leaves subsessile, acuminate, subcordate at base, villous above, sericeous-tomentose beneath 7 calyx lobes cordate-ovate, acuminate; corolla sericeous-villous. Probably only a form of P. mezicana. 14. MACROSIPHONIA Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6}: 137. 1860. Plants erect, low, fruticose or suffrutescent ; leaves mostly opposite, sessile or short-petiolate; flowers large and showy, terminal or becoming lateral, short-pedicellate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the lobes narrow; corolla funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, enlarged above; anthers oblong or sagittate, appendaged at base; follicles long and slender, erect. Leaves orbicular or reniform-orbicular, as broad as long_---- 1. M. hesperia. Leaves linear to oval, longer than broad. . Leaves green beneath, thinly puberulent____----~----- 2. M. brachysiphon. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. 1160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Sorolla tube 7.5 to 12.5 em. long.__-_______________8. M. macrosiphon, Jorolla tube 8 to 5.5 em. long. 4. M. hypoleuca. 1. Macrosiphonia hesperia Johnston. Troe. Calif. Acad. 12: 1125. 1924. Southern Baja California; type from Carmen Island. Leaves short-petiolate, orbicular or reniform-orbicular, 1.5 to 3 em. long and broad, rounded at apex and apiculate, truncate or subcordate at base, densely velutinous-pilosulous above, beneath very densely pilose but searcely tomentose; follicles 6 to 8 em. long, 3 to 4 mm. thick, densely puberulent. 2. Macrosiphonia brachysiphon A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 83. 1878. Northern Sonora, near the boundary. Southern Arizona. Plants suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, puberulent ; leaves oblong to broadly elliptic, 2 to 3 em. long, acute to rounded at apex; flowers fragrant; corolla white, the tube 2.5 to 5 em. long; follicles 6 cm. long or more. 3. Macrosiphonia macrosiphon (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 2. 1900. Echites macrosiphon Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 158. pl. 43. 1859. Macrosiphonia berlandieri A. Gray, Syn. FL 2*: 83. 1878. Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Durango. Western Texas; type collected along the Rio Grande. Low shrub; leaves short-petiolate, mostly oval, 2 to 4 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, truncate or rounded at base, tomentulose or glabrate above; flowers white, sweet-scented; corolla limb 4.5 to 6 cm. wide; follicles 6 to 10 cm. long. “Flor de San Juan” (Durango, Coahuila) ; “hierba de San Juan ” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas). 4. Macrosiphonia hypoleuca ( Benth.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 452. 1860. Echites hypoleuca Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839, Echites suaveolens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 356. 1844. Echites lanuginosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 357. 1844. Macrosiphonia lanuginosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Sinaloa to Chihuahua, San Luis Potos{, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from Aguascalientes. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves linear to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 7 em. long, rounded to acute at apex, green above but puberulent, the margins often revolute; flowers white, very sweet-scented; corolla limb usually 6 to 7 em. wide; follicles 9 to 16 em. long. “Flor de San Juan” (Sinaloa, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosf, Jalisco, Durango) ; “rosa de San Juan” (Sinaloa, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Durango) ; “ giiirambo ” (Guerrero) ; “hierba de la cucaracha” (San Luis Potosf) ; “San Juan” (Durango) ; “ maravilla silvestre” (Sinaloa). The pulverized plant, mixed with sugar, is said to be useful for poisoning cockroaches. Palmer reports that in San Luis Potosi and Durango a decoc- tion of the plant is employed for pains in the stomach, toothache (applied hot to the tooth), and externally for inflamed eyes, The species shows great variation in size of flowers and in leaf breadth, but the leaves vary sreatly upon the same plant, the lower being often much broader than the upper ones. 15. RHABDADENIA Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 67: 173, 1860. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers large, in few-flowered racemes ; calyx 5-parted, eglandular; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric, the throat long-campanulate; anthers oblong, obtuse, short-appendaged at base; follicles terete, linear-fusiform ; seeds with a terminal tuft of hairs. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1161 Leaves oblong, acute or acutish at base; calyx lobes oblong to oval, obtuse. 1. R. paludosa. Leaves elliptic, rounded or subcordate at base; calyx lobes ovate, acuminate. 2. R. cordata. 1, Rhabdadenia paludosa (Vahl) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 119. 1878. Echites paludosa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 19. pl. 5. 1798. Yucatin. Southern Florida, West Indies, and South America. Stout woody vine, glabrous throughout; leaves 4.5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, leathery; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long, white or pale yellow. ‘“Clavelitos de sabana,” “clavelitos de manglar” (Cuba). The acrid juice is said to produce blisters upon the skin, and to have purga- tive and even poisonous properties. 2. Rhabdadenia cordata (Mill.) Miers, Apocyn. 8S. Amer, 122. 1878. Apocynum cordatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Apocynum no. 10. 1768. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Veracruz. Stout vine; leaves 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, leathery, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; racemes few-flowered ; corolla yellow, 6 to 7 cm. long; follicles divaricate, about 11 cm. long and 6 mm. thick. 16. URECHITES Muell. Arg. Bot. Zeit. 18: 22. 1860. Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers large, racemose; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the lobes narrow; corolla funnelform, the tube slender, terete, the throat campanulate, the lobes short; anthers sagittate, bearing at the apex a long filiform twisted appendage; follicles terete, erect or divergent ; seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. Leaves densely velutinous-pilosulous beneath ; calyx 2 to 3 mm. long. . 1. U. karwinskii. Leaves glabrate or sparsely pubescent beneath ; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long. 2. U. andrieuxii. 1. Urechites karwinskii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 440. 1860. Mandevilla potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 276. 1912. Guerrero to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from “ Huefulta ” (Huejutla, Hidalgo?). Guatemala. Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong to oval-elliptic, 5 to 10 em. long, acuminate or abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, sometimes panduri- form; corolla white, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, the tube very slender ; follicles about 12 em. long. “ Loroco” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “ quilite” (El Salvador). The flowers, buds, and young tender shoots are used as a vegetable in Guate- mala and El Salvador, being cooked with rice and other substances. 2. Urechites andrieuxii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 442. 1860. Type collected near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca ; reported also from Hidalgo. Leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 6 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base, glabrous above; corolla 5 em. long; follicles 17 em. long and 6 mm. thick. 17. MANDEVILLA Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 7. 1840. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers small or large, racemose, usually white; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric, the throat campanulate; anthers obtuse or short-acuminate, appendaged at base; follicles erect or nearly so; seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. 1162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The Mexican species are poorly represented in herbaria, and the following treatment is chiefly a mere compilation. Corolla 12 to 14 mm. long_.--------- 1, M. andrieuxii. Corolla 2 em. long or larger. Leaves subsessile___---_------- 2. M. foliosa. Leaves petiolate. Leaves tomentose beneath..----_..._. 3. M. convolvulacea. Leaves hirtellous or glabrous beneath__________.. 4. M. oaxacana. 1. Mandevilla andrieuxii (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Amblyanthera andrieuzii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 80: 422. 1860. Type collected at San Francisco, between Huauapan and Oaxaca. Leaves short-petiolate, narrowly obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, subacute at base and apex, soft-pubescent beneath; calyx lobes ovate- lanceolate. 2. Mandevilla foliosa (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Amblyanthera foliosa Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 427. 1860. Type collected near the City of Mexico. Leaves obovate, 9 to 12 em. long, acuminate, cordate at base, glabrate above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; corolla 2 cm. long. 3. Mandevilla convolvulacea (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Echites convolvulacea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 451. 1844. Leaves oval, 7.5 to 10 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or cordate at base, gla- brate above; corolla tube 12 mm. long. 4, Mandevilla oaxacana (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Echites oavacana A. DC. in DC. Proar. 8: 451. 1844. Echites glaucescens Mart. & Gal. Bull, Acad. Brux. 11: 358, 1844. Mesechites hirtellula Miers, Apocyn. 8. Amer. 234. 1878. Mandevilla schumanniana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 556. 1894. Oaxaca. Scandent shrub; leaves lance-oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, scaberulous or glabrate above; corolla 2.5 to 3 em. long, the tube slightly shorter than the throat. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. MANDEVILLA KARWINSKII (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881. Amblyanthera karwinskii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 426. 1860. Type from Mexico. The description strongly suggest Echites coulteri, 18. HAPLOPHYTON A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 412. 1844. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Haplophyton cimicidum A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 412. 1844, Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Chipas; type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Guatemala; Cuba; southern Arizona. Plants slender, herbaceous or woody below, usually 30 to 60 em. high, the stems puberulent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 5 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base, hispidulous; flowers few, terminal, pedicellate, yellow; calyx eglandular, 5-parted, the lobes linear-subulate ; corolla salverform, the lobes 12 to 15 mm. long, longer than the slender tube; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1163 follicles very slender, 6 to 8 cm. long; seeds with deciduous hairs at each end. “Hierba de la cucaracha” (Oaxaca, Morelos) ; “raiz de la cucaracha” (Oaxaca); “atempatli” (“ flea-medicine”) or “actimpatli” (Nahuatl). The plant is well known in Mexico as an insecticide. A decoction of the plant is mixed with cornmeal and used as a poison for cockroaches. The de- coction is also applied as a lotion to the human body to kill all sorts of para- sites and a lard ointment is employed for the same purpose. Flores states that a sweetened infusion of the plant will attract and kill mosquitoes. 19. ECHITES Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers small or large, in axillary ra- cemes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla salverform, the tube cylindric; anthers sagittate, appendaged at base; follicles slender, terete, often torulose ; seeds with an apical tuft of silky hairs. The following names are reported for plants which are said to belong to the genus: “ Tijerilla” (Guanajuato) ; “rafiz de cuculillo,” “raiz de la cuca- racha’”’ (Oaxaca). Leaves glabrous beneath. Corolla tube 6 to 12 mm. long. Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, one-third as long as the corolla tube or . longer. Corolla tube about 6 mm. long_________--_-------------~--- 1. E. torosa. Corolla tube 10 to 12 mm. long_-_______---_-------------- 2. E. smithii. Calyx lobes triangular, less than one-fifth as long as the corolla tube. 3. E. tuxtlensis. Corolla tube 25 to 50 mm. long. Calyx lobes obtuse___------------------------------------- 4. E, trifida. Calyx lebes acute or acuminate. Corolla tube about 5 em. long_--------__-----_------- 5. E. umbellata. Corolla tube 2.5 to 3.5 em. long. Leaves thin, deeply emarginate at base___________ 11, E. microcalyx. Leaves coriaceous, rounded or subcordate at base_____-~- 6. E. rosea. Leaves variously pubescent beneath. Corolla lobes short, suberect, not spreading_________-__--_-_- 7. E. tubiflora. Corolla lobes elongate, spreading. Calyx lobes obtuse____------------------------------------ 8. E. lanata. Calyx lobes acuminate. Calyx lobes one-third as long as the corolla tube or longer. Leaves mostly obtuse, acute or obtuse at base__________ 9, E. coulteri. Leaves acute or acuminate, usually subcordate at base. 10. E. apocynifolia. Calyx lobes less than one-fourth as long as the corolla tube. Flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em. long-----~---------------- 11. E. microcalyx. Flowers about 1.5 em. long------------------------ 12. E. mexicana. 1. Echites torosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Yucatin and Campeche. West Indies; type from Jamaica. Scandent shrub, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous; corolla yellow ; follicles very slender, about 14 cm. long, torulose. The juice is said to be poisonous and to have emetic-cathartic properties. 1164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Echites smithii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 29. 1904. Oaxaca; type from SalomA, altitude 1,980 metets. Stems puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, subcordate at base, glabrous or puberulent above, glabrous beneath; racemes short, 1 to 3-flowered ; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla yellow, glabrous; follicles pubescent. 3. Echites tuxtlensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Tuxtla, Chiapas, altitude 720 to 840 meters (Nelson 3080; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 234032). Stems glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the petioles puberulent, the blades lance-oblong or linear-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, 0.8 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, acute at base, thick, pale, glabrous, the lateral nerves obsolete be- neath; racemes slender, few-flowered, longer than the leaves, glabrous, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes triangular, acute, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; corolla tube 8 mm. long, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long. 4. Echites trifida Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type from Carta- gena, Colombia. Secandent glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong or oval-elliptic, 6 to 11 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at “base; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla purplish, the tube 2.5 to 3 em. long; follicles slender, 30 to 35 cm. long, not torulose. 5. Echites umbellata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Yucatin and perhaps elsewhere. West Indies. Leaves petiolate, ovate to oval, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at apex, rounded at base, thick; racemes few-flowered;: corolla white or pale yellow; follicles rather stout, 15 to 21 cm. long. 6. Echites rosea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 450. 1844. Reported from San Luis Potosf, perhaps erroneously. Cuba. Glabrous vine; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, acuminate, sub- sessile; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered ; corolla purplish, with slender tube; follicles about 7.5 cm. long. 7. Echites tubiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 358, 1844. Jalisco to Veracruz, Morelos, and Michoacin; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to elliptic, 4 to 9 cm. long, acute or short- acuminate, cordate at base, pilosulous or densely whitish-tomentose beneath ; racemes secund, usually many-flowered; corolla 12 to 18 mm. long. 8. Echites lanata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844. Type from Sola, Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters. Stems pubescent; leaves sessile, obovate, coriaceous, acuminate, cordate at base, lanate beneath; racemes longer than the leaves; flowers about 2.5 cm. long. 9. Echites coulteri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 113. 1883. Coahuila to San Luis Potosf and Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila. Plants scandent or suberect; leaves oblong-obovate to oval-elliptic, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, usually rounded at apex but often apiculate, sometimes emarginate, acute to rounded at base, pilosulous or puberulent beneath or finally glabrate; corolla tube about 1 cm. long; follicles 5 to 10 em. long, torulose. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1165 10. Echites apocynifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 435. 1887. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco. Plants suberect, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to ellip- tic, acute or obtuse, glabrate in age; racemes few-flowered ; corolla yellow, the tube 1 cm. long; follicles torulose. 11. Echites microcalyx A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 456. 1844. Echites secundifiora A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 457. 1844. Echites jasminifiora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 357, 1844. Sinaloa to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela. Seandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to ovate-elliptic or obovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, cordate or hastate at base, pilosulous be- neath or rarely glabrous, thin; racemes few or many-flowered; corolla yellow ; follicles 8 to 20 em. long, very slender, conspicuously torulose. “ Flor del mico ” (Guatemala, Honduras). 12. Echites mexicana (Muell. Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. 8S. Amer. 205. 1878. Amblyanthera mexicana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 424, 1860. Type from “ Victoria.” Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 5 cm, long, acuminate, cordate at base, pubes- cent; racemes few-flowered. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. EcHITES ASPERA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844. Type from Rfo de las Vueltas, Oaxaca. Ecuitres corpata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 451. 1844, Based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings’ of a Mexican plant. EcHITeEs pANDURATA A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 458. 1844. Type from San Dionisio, Oaxaca. 20. STREPTOTRACHELUS Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 298. 1897. The genus consists of a single species. 1, Streptotrachelus pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 298. 1897. Morelos and Guerrero; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 1,560 meters. Large woody vine; leaves opposite, slender-petiolate, oblong-ovate to ovate- elliptic, 4 to 8 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, pu- berulent; flowers greenish yellow or purplish, in axillary pedunculate cymes ; calyx 5-parted, puberulent, eglandular, about 4 mm. long, the lobes lance- linear; corolla salverform, the tube about 2 cm. long, twisted; anthers sagit- tate, acuminate, appendaged at base; follicles 20 to 30 cm. long, slender, toru- lose; seeds with an apical tuft of soft hairs. 21. SECONDATIA DC. Prodr. 8: 445, 1844. Secondatia difformis (Walt.) Benth. & Hook., a United States species, has been reported from Nuevo Leén, but probably incorrectly. At least a part of the specimens so labeled belong to the genus Echites, 1. Secondatia stans (A. Gray) Standl. Trachelospermum stans A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 21: 394. 1886. Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Querétaro, Guanajuato, and Michoacfin; type from the city of Chihuahua. 1DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 796. 79688—24——21 1166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Shrub, erect or nearly so, about a meter high; leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic to ovate or oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded at base, puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers pale yellow, in lax axillary bifid cymes; calyx lobes lance-linear; corolla salverform, glabrous, the tube 10 to 15 mm. long; follicles slender, torulose, 7 to 13 cm. long; seeds with an apical tuft of long silky hairs. “ Hierba de la cucaracha” (Durango, Sinaloa, Mi- choacfin). The flowers are sweet-scented. The plant is used for poisoning cockroaches. 141. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family. Plants erect or scandent, herbaceous or woody, with milky juice; leaves opposite, rarely verticillate or alternate, entire, estipulate; flowers perfect, regular, usually in cymes, these commonly umbelliform or racemiform ; ealyx inferior, the tube very short or none: corolla gamopetalous, rotate, campanu- late, urceolate, or rarely funnelform or salverform, 5-lobate; corona usually present, adnate to the corolla or to the stamen tube, variously mod fied; stamens 5, the filaments usually short and connate; anthers basifixed., connivent about the stigma, forming with that and the filaments the gynostegium, : 2-celled, the cells usually produced below, the connective often with a membrane at apex; pollen usually coherent in masses known as pollinia ; 5 small corpuscles present on the margin of the disk between the anthers, these attached to the pollinia and supporting them after dehiscence of the anthers; ovary of 2 distinct carpels; stigma usually forming a 5-angulate disk: fruit of 2 follicles, one of these usually abortive, sessile, dehiscent; seeds often with a terminal tuft of hairs. A large family, characterized by flowers of extremely complicated structure. A few genera represented only by herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Pollen granular; corolla funnelform, 5 to 7 cm. long, pink or purplish. Seandent shrub, glabrous or nearly so___-_-__________1, CRYPTOSTEGIA. Pollen waxy; corolla never funnelform, smaller. Pollinia borne in the lower part of the anther cell, pendulous from the arms of the corpuscles. Plants erect __----------- ee 2. ASCLEPIAS. Plants scandent. Corona none___-____ =e _...___.8. ASTEPHANUS. Corona present. Corona adnate to the corolla. Corona simple; corolla with a distinct tube_____ 4. MACROSCEPIS. Corona double; corolla rotate. Outer corona thin, entire or nearly so ___ 5. FUNASTRUM. Outer corona fleshy, 5-lobate..-.----.. 6. FISCHERIA. Corona adnate to the gynostegium. Corolla lobes valvate in bud. Corona scales thin, flat_..__..-______ 8k 7. METASTELMA. Corona scales cucullate__.-_~----- 8. BLEPHARODON. ‘Corolla lobes contorted. Leaves not cordate at base, usually linear to lanceolate, sometimes ovate. Corona deeply lobate; stigma rostrate_____9. BASISTELMA. Corona shallowly lobate; stigma conic_____ 10. CYNANCHUM. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1167 Leaves ovate-cordate, Corolla campanulate_________-____-- 11. MELLICHAMPIA. Corolla rotate or nearly so. Corolla about 2 cm. long, the lobes linear. 12. OXYPETALUM. Corolla much smaller, the lobes broader than linear. 13. ROULINIELLA. Pollinia borne in the upper part of the anther cell, erect or divaricate from the arms of the corpuscles. Anther cells longitudinally dehiscent; pollinia erect or nearly so. Plants erect________--.-__-----_--~-_----_------- 14. NEPHRADENTIA. Plants seandent____________--__------_---------_-- 15. MARSDENTA. Anther cells transversely dehiscent; pollinia usually horizontal. Corolla lobes with long barbate filiform terminal appendages. 16. TRICHOSACME. Corolla lobes not appendaged. Corolla campanulate or salverform. Corolla short-salverform_____~-------_---_- 17. LACHNOSTOMA. Corolla broadly campanulate, Corolla long-hirsute within -___________ 18. MICRODACTYLON. Corolla not hirsute within. Corona lobes adnate to the corolla______ 19. DICTYANTHUS. Corona lobes free from the corolla______ 20. POLYSTEMMA. Corolla rotate. Stigma produced into a column___—-__~—~--____ 21. ROTHROCKIA. Stigma plane or depressed. Corona entire or 5-lobate, the lobes not with lateral appen- dages______--__-----------------.-- 22. VINCETOXICUM. Corona with 10 or more lobes, or the outer lobes with filiform lateral appendages. Corolla covered within with linear-spatulate hairs; corona of 15 scales____---------________-- 23. HIMANTOSTEMMA. Corolla lanate in the throat; corona of 10 scales. 24. UROSTEPHANUS. 1. CRYPTOSTEGIA R. Br. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 435. 1819. 1. Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R. Br. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 435. 1819. Nerium grandiflorum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19. 1814. Thoroughly naturalized in Sinaloa. Native of India. Woody vine, glabrous or nearly so; leaves petiolate, oval to elliptic-ovate, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly short-pointed, leathery; flowers few, in terminal cymes, pink or purplish; calyx 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate; corolla funnelform, 5 to 7 cm. long; carpels divaricate, about 12 cm. long and 3.5 em. thick, acutely 3-angulate. ‘Clavel de Espafia,” “ hiedra,” ‘ cuaumecate chayote”’ (Sinaloa). The milky juice yields rubber, and the plant has been cultivated in some regions on that account. The rubber is said to be of good quality, but it is produced only in small amounts. The stems are said to yield a good quality of fiber. Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer, of Madagascar, the only other species, is reported to be an important source of rubber, and its bark furnishes a useful fiber. 1168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. ASCLEPIAS L. Sp. Pl. 214. 1753. Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves opposite, verticillate, or alternate; flowers in terminal or axillary umbels; calyx 5-parted; corolla 5-parted, the lobes valvate, reflexed in anthesis; corona of 5 concave erect scales, each with a terminal incurved hornlike terminal appendage; follicles usually smooth; seeds with a terminal tuft of hairs. Numerous herbaceous species of milkweed occur in Mexico. Stems densely leafy, the leaves mostly scattered______________ 1. A. linaria. Stems naked or nearly so except when young, the leaves opposite or verticillate. ‘orona scales 3 mm. long or less__.--.___________-~-________ 2. A. albicans. Corona seales 6 to 7 mm, long _____~_- eee 3. A. subulata. 1. Asclepias linaria Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 42. pl. 57. 1791. Jalisco to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Stems herbaceous or more commonly woody, whitish-pubescent; leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 4 em. long, glabrate; umbels axillary, pedunculate; flowers green and white, the corona scales 2.5 to 3 mm. long; follicles ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 3.5 to 6 em. long, glabrous. “ Romerillo” (Mexico, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosf) ; “ plumerillo” (Aguascalientes) ; “ torbisco ” (Durango) ; “ mapipitza” (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Ramirez); “ Soliman” (Mexico) ; “ teperomero” (Mexico); ‘“tlalayote” (San Luis Potosf, Mexico, Urbina); ‘“venenillo” (Mexico, San Luis Potosf{) ; “ algodoncillo,” “ hierba de la punzada” (Durango). The juice is used locally as a drastic purgative, but its use is dangerous. Palmer reports that in Durango the leaves are applied to the temples to relieve headache. 2. Asclepias albicans S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 59. 1889. Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Los Angeles Bay, Baja California. Stems numerous, often woody below, sometimes 3 meters high, whitish, puberulent when young; leaves opposite or ternate, linear, quickly deciduous; corolla greenish white tinged with brown, the corona scales yellowish; follicles slender, about 10 cm. long. 3. Asclepias subulata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 571. 1844. Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Southern California and Arizona. Stems numerous, about 1 meter high, usually woody below, glabrous or nearly so, glaucous; leaves narrowly linear but quickly deciduous; pedicels puberu- lent; corolla greenish white; follicles slender, 10 to 12 em, long. “ Yamete” (Baja California) ; “ yumete” (Sonora) ; “candelilla bronca” (Sinaloa). The milky juice is sometimes employed as an emetic and purgative. 3. ASTEPHANUS R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 54. 1809. 1, Astephanus pubescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 299. 1897. Morelos and Mexico; type collected near Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 1,950 meters. Slender suffrutescent vine, the stems pubescent; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse at base, pubescent; inflorescence subumbellate, few-flowered, the peduncles 1 to 2 mm. long, the pedicels about 3 mm. long; calyx minute, 5-parted, pubescent; corolla sub- campanulate, about 3 mm. broad, white or purplish, the lobes emarginate. STANDLEY——TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1169 4. MACROSCEPIS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 200. 1819. Stems scandent, suffrutescent, setose-hirsute; leaves cordate; cymes usually subsessile, the flowers large; calyx 5-lobate, eglandular; corolla short-salver- form, the tube ovoid or campanulate, constricted in the throat, the lobes spreading, contorted in bud; corona adnate to the corolla tube, composed of 5 fleshy inflexed subexserted scales; stigma plane or umbonate; follicles fleshy ; seeds with an apical tuft of hairs. Sepals acuminate__________--------------------------------- 1. M. obovata. Sepals obtuse_____-------------------------------------------- 2. M. rotata. 1. Macroscepis obovata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 201. pl. 133. 1819. San Luis Potosf to Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, and Campeche; type from ‘ampeche. Stems fulvous-hirsute; leaves obovate to rounded-obovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, abruptly ‘short-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, hirsute, especially beneath ; cymes sessile, few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; sepals hirsute and ciliate; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. broad, hirtellous or glabrate outside, glabrous within, the lobes obtuse. 2. Macroscepis rotata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 599, 1844. Type from Yucatan. Leaves obovate, short-acuminate, cordate at base; peduncles short, 2 or 3- flowered; sepals ovate; corolla subrotate, the lobes ovate, obtuse. Perhaps only a form of M. obovata. Decaisne states that the sepals are only half as long as in the latter species. 5. FUNASTRUM Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 14: 388. 1882. Plants scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves petiolate ; flowers white or purplish, in axillary umbel-like cymes; calyx small, 5-parted; corolla sub- rotate, 5-lobate, the lobes contorted; exterior corona annular, adnate to the corolla; interior corona of 5 broad fleshy scales; pollinia pendulous; follicles smooth, terete. Leaves linear or, if broader, obtuse or acute at base (linear leaves sometimes cordate-hastate at base). Leaves crispate________----------------------------------- 1. F. crispum. Leaves plane. Leaves linear, sometimes hastate-cordate. Corolla lobes obtuse or acute _____-_-----~----------- 2. F. cumanense. Corolla lobes acuminate- _- ------------ 3. F, heterophyllum. Leaves lanee-oblong to elliptic, obtuse at base________------ 4, F. clausum, Leaves deltoid, ovate, or broader, conspicuously cordate at base. Leaves white-tomentose beneath. Leaves orbicular______---------------------------- 5. F. rotundifolium. Leaves ovate or elliptic--_-----------------.------------ 6. F. pannosum. Leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, never tomentose. Stems glabrous or nearly so_-------~----------------- 7, F. cynanchoides. Stems densely pubescent. Umbels sessile or subsessile. Corolla lobes papillose within__-------~-------~- 8. F. lindenianum. Corolla lobes not papillose within____--__--_-__------- 9. F. bicolor. 1170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Umbels on conspicuous, usually long peduncles. Corolla lobes acuminate__...----- 10. F. dumetorum, Corolla lobes obtuse. Lobes of the inner corona ovate-triangular________ 11. F. bilobum, Lobes of the inner corona oval, very obtuse. Corolla glabrous outside__---------- 12. F. elegans. Corolla pubescent_--------- 13. F. torreyi. 1. Funastrum crispum (Benth.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 284. 1914. Sarcostemma crispum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 291. 1841. Sarcostemma undulatum Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 161. 1859. Philibertia crispa Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer, Bot. 2: 318. 1881. Philibertella crispa Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 306. 1897. Type from Aguascalientes. Western Texas to southern Arizona. Stems chiefly herbaceous, glabrous or puberulent ; leaves linear or lanceolate, 5 to 7 em. long, attenuate, hastate-cordate at base, pale beneath; umbels pe- dunculate, few-flowered; corolla dull purple, glabrous within, puberulent out- side, the lobes obtuse; follicles 10 to 12 cm. long. No Mexican specimens have been seen by the writer. 2. Funastrum cumanense (H. B. K.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 284. 1914, Sarcostemma cumanense H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 195. 1819. Sarcostemma arenarium Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 34. 1844. Philibertia cumanensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 2: 218. 1881. Baja California to Colima, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Central America and northern South America; type from Cumana, Venezuela. Stems suffrutescent, or thick and woody at base, pilosulous or glabrate; leaves linear, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, short-petiolate, obtuse or acute at base, glab- rate; umbels pedunculate; corolla 10 to 12 mm. broad, sericeous or puberulent outside. “Cuchamperrito,” “bejuco de pescado ” (El Salvador). In El Salvador the tough stems are employed by the fishermen as cords on which to string fish. 3. Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl. Sarcostemma lineare Decaisne; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 25. 1840. Not S. lineare Spreng. 1822. Sarcostemma heterophyllum Engelm.; Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5: 362. 1876. Philibertia linearis A. Gray, Proce, Amer. Acad. 12: 64, 1876. Philibertella hartwegii Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 308. 1897. Funastrum hartwegii Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 285, 1914. Baja California to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Querétaro, and Jalisco. Western Texas to southern California; type from Fort Yuma, Arizona. Slender vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glaucescent, pubescent or gla- brate; leaves linear, 3 to 6 cm long, acute, obtuse, or cordate-hastate at base ; umbels pedunculate, few or many-flowered; corolla purplish, 8 to 10 mm. broad, pubescent outside; follicles 6 to 10 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate. “Hortensia de gufa” (Jalisco). Said to be used in Sinaloa as a remedy for snake bites. 4, Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 283. 1914. Cynanchum clausum Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 1: 87, 1763. Sarcostemma crassifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1171 Philibertia crassifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881. Philibertia palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 394. 1886. Cynanchum mezicanum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1913. Funastrum crassifolium Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 183: 284. 1914. Funastrum palmeri Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Noy. Fedde 18: 286. 1914. Baja California to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Morelos, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, usually glabrous ; leaves petiolate, 3 to 7 em. long, acuminate or cuspidate, glabrous or often densely pubescent beneath ; umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered ; flowers 10 to 14 mm. broad, whitish, sericeous outside; follicles 5 to 6.5 em. long, about 1 em. thick. “ Petaquilla” (Tabasco) ; “ bejuco de leche,” “ quichi-nixi” (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “ mata-térsalo ” (Costa Rica). In Costa Rica the crushed leaves are applied at the point in the skin where a larva of the dipterous insect known as “ térsalo”’ is located, and the latter is soon killed by the acrid juice. 5. Funastrum rotundifolium (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov, Fedde 18: 287. 1914. Sarcostemma rotundifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844. Philidertia rotundifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 320. 1881. Type from ‘“ Guasacualcos.” . Leaves orbicular, abruptly acuminate, puberulent above, white-tomentose beneath; umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered; corolla lobes acute, puber- ulent outside. Probably not distinct from the next species. 6. Funastrum pannosum (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286. 1914. Sarcostemma pannosum Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8! 540. 1844. Philidertia pavoni Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 319. 1881. Philibertia pannosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 320. 1881. Funastrum pavoni Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286, 1914. Sonora to San Luis Potosf, Querétaro, and Oaxaca. Stems herbaceous or frutescent, glabrate; leaves petiolate, 8 to 10 cm. long, acute, acuminate, or cuspidate, green above and puberulent, usually deeply cordate at base; umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered ; corolla white, 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, the lobes obtuse or subacute, puberulent outside. ‘“ Talayotillo” (Sinaloa). 7. Funastrum cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 284. 1914. Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844. Philibertia cynanchoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 64, 1876. Philibertella cynanchoides Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 207. 1897. Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahdila, and Nuevo Le6n; type from Matamoros, Coahuila. Western Texas to Arizona. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, deltoid-cordate or sagittate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, usually glabrous; umbels many-flowered, long-pedunculate; corolla white, about 1 ecm. broad, the lobes puberulent outside, ciliate, acute. Philibertia cynanchoides subtruncata Robins. & Fern.’, described from Fronteras, Sonora, is a form with narrow leaves which are mostly truncate at base. 1pProe. Amer. Acad, 30: 19. 1894. 1172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 8. Funastrum lindenianum (Deca‘sne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286. 1914. Sarcostemma lindenianum Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844. Philibertia lindeniana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881. Type from Yucatan. Stems pubescent; leaves cordate or subtruncate-cordate, rounded and short- cuspidate at apex, pubescent; pedicels about as long as the leaves; corolla lobes subobtuse. 9. Funastrum bicolor (Decaisne) Standl. Sarcostemma bicolor Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844. Philibertia bicolor A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 395. 1886. San Luis Potosf, Querétaro, Mexico, and Puebla; type from Tehuacan, Puebla. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, oblong-cordate or triangular- cordate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, rounded and apiculate or cuspidate or long-acuminate, pubescent ; umbels mostly few-flowered; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. broad, greenish yellow and brownish purple, the lobes obtuse, puberulent outside, ciliate. 10. Funastrum dumetorum (T. S. Brandeg.) Stand. Philibertia dumetorum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Stems retrorse-pubescent ; leaves orbicular-ovate, 5.5 em. long or less, obtuse, acuminate, or emarginate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent; corolla lobes 5 mm. long. Not seen by the writer. 11. Funastrum bilobum (Hook. & Arn.) Standl. Sarcostemma bilobum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 438. 1841. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Plants glabrous; leaves cordate-ovate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, acuminate; umbels many-flowered, the peduncles longer than the leaves. 12. Funastrum elegans (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 284. 1914. Sarcostemma elegans Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844. Philibertia elegans Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881. Philibertia ervendbergii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 395. 1886. Philibertella elegans Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 310, 1897. Funastrum ervendbergii Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 285, 1914. Veracruz, Hidalgo, Mexico, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatéin; type collected near the City of Mexico. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 4 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex and usually short-cuspidate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent; corolla white or greenish, about 1 em. broad. “ Bini” (Oax- aca, Seler). 13. Funastrum torreyi (A. Gray) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 287. 1914. Philibertia torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 64. 1876. Philibertella torreyi Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 309. 1897. Chihuahua and Coahuila to Guanajuato. Western Texas. Stems slender, densely pubescent; leaves lance-cordate, 2 to 4 em. long, acuminate or long-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, thick, densely pubescent ; corolla 1 to 2 cm. broad, white or purplish. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1173 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. FUNASTRUM LURIDUM (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286, 1914. Sarcostemma luridum Kunze, Linnaea 20: 26. 1847; Philibertia lurida Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 319. 1881. Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin. PHILIBERTIA TOMENTELLA T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90, 1910. ‘'ype from the Cape Region of Baja California. 6. FISCHERIA DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 112. 1818. Stems scandent, usually fruticose below; leaves cordate; cymes umbelliform or short-racemiform, pedunculate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the seg- ments usually narrow; corolla subrotate, the lobes contorted in bud; outer corona annular, fleshy, adnate to the corolla, the interior corona of 5 fleshy obtuse seales; stigma depressed. Calyx lobes obovate, obtuse; cymes short-pedunculate. 1. F. aristolochiaefolia. Calyx lobes linear; cymes on long peduncles_~---------------- 2. F. oaxacana. 1. Fischeria aristolochiaefolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 190. 1915. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Stems long-hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong-cordate, 6 to 16 cm. long, acuminate, hirsute beneath; peduncles 1.5 cm. long or less, about 6-flowered ; calyx nearly glabrous; corolla about 7 mm. long. 2. Fischeria oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, altitude 480 meters (Nelson 2713; U. 8S. Nat. Hexb. no. 908027). Stems stout, densely hirtellous and very sparsely hirsute; leaves petiolate, elliptic-ovate, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 9 em. wide, acute to rounded at apex and short-cuspidate, cordate at base with a short closed sinus, minutely setulose above, densely setulose-pilosulous beneath; peduncles 45 to 10 cm. long, many-flowered, the flowers short-racemose, the pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 ecm. long, viscid-hirtellous and sparsely hirsute; calyx lobes about 1 cm. long, linear or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate-attenuate ; corolla about 1 cm. long, hirtellous outside, the lobes ovate-oblong, subacute, hirtellous within; outer corona fleshy, rugose, the scales of the inner corona large and very thick, abruptly contracted at about the middle, the upper portion broadly rounded. 7. METASTELMA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 52. 1809. Slender vines, herbaceous or suffrutescent ; leaves small; cymes umbelliform, sessile or short-pedunculate, the flowers very small, whitish; calyx 5-lobate, usually minutely glandular within; corolla campanulate or subrotate, deeply 5-lobate, the lobes valvate, usually papillose or villous within; corona scales membranaceous, ovate to linear; stigma plane or apiculate; follicles terete, smooth. Corolla lobes merely puberulent within. Leaves subcordate at base__------------------- -2a+--- 1. M. subcordatum. Leaves obtuse or acute at base. Calyx lobes subulate____----------~------------------- 2. M. schaffneri. Calyx lobes ovate, obtuse. Corolla lobes linear, glabrous within or nearly so__.___3. M. cuneatum. Corolla lobes oblong, densely puberulent within. Umbels long-pedunculate_-__—------------~------- 4. M. macropodum. Umbels sessile or nearly so__._--------.-------------5. M. palmeri. 79688—24——22 1174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Corolla lobes villous or barbate within. Gynostegium distinctly stalked, the column about as long as the anthers. Leaves lance-linear_-.---_---- -- +e 6. M. multiflorum. Leaves lance-oblong to oval. Umbels sessile or nearly so___-__--._- 7. M. schlechtendahilii. Umbels pedunculate-__------- 8. M. pedunculare. Gynostegium sessile or short-stipitate. Corolla lobes linear. Calyx lobes acuminate__------- 9. M. watsonianum. Calyx lobes obtuse__---------- 10. M. barbigerum. Corolla lobes oblong or ovate. Corona scales lanceolate.----00- = 11. M. lanceolatum. Corona scales linear or subulate. Flowers 1.5 mm. long or less.-------- 12. M. latifolium. Flowers 2 to 4 mm. long. Corona scales much exceeding the gynostegium___/13. M. pringlei. Corona scales about equaling the synostegium____14, M. chiapense. 1. Metastelma subcordatum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 33. pl. 78. 1844. Type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Slender vine, fruticose below, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate- mucronate; umbels subsessile, the pedicels glabrous; corolla lobes ovate; co- rona scales lanceolate, acutish, slightly longer than the sessile gynostegium. 2. Metastelma schaffneri A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 21: 396. 1886. Type collected near San Luis Potost. Stems glabrous; leaves lanceolate, obtuse at base; corolla lobes oblong-ovate ; corona scales linear-subulate, exceeding the gynostegium. 4 3. Metastelma cuneatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905. Type collected at Yerba Buena, near Altata, Sinaloa. Stems very slender, bifariously puberulent: leaves lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; nearly glabrous; umbels 4 to 9- flowered, subsessile; corolla 2 mm. long, the lobes acute; corona scales minute. 4. Metastelma macropodum Greenm, Proc. Amer, Acad. 33: 481. 1898. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca, altitude 1,540 meters, Stems slender, bifariously puberulent; leaves oblong-linear or linear-lanceo- late, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, acute, obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles 3 to 18 mm. long; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, yellowish white; corona scales about equaling the gynostegium. _5, Metastelma palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1883. Coahuila and San Luis Potosf. Western Texas; type from Laredo. Stems suffrutescent, slender; leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 1 to 8 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acute at base, nearly glabrous; corolla about 2 mm. long; corona scales lanceolate, acuminate, slightly exceeding the gyno- stegium ; follicles about 4.5 em. long. 6. Metastelma multiflorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890. Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type collected near Guadalajara. Stems glabrous or nearly so, suffrutescent below; leaves 1 to 3.5 em. long, attenuate, obtuse at base, the upper ones much reduced ; umbels sessile; flowers about 2 mm. long; calyx lobes acute or acuminate; corona lobes linear-lanceo- late, exceeding the stigma. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1175 7. Metastelma schlechtendahlii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 513. 1844. Metastelma parviflorwm Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 731. 1831. Not M. parviflorum R. Br. 1809. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatin; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera- cruz. Stems slender, suffrutescent below, hirtellous or glabrate; leaves mostly ob- long-ovate or oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse and mucronate, rounded or sub- cordate at base, glabrate; flowers about 3 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; co- rona scales linear-subulate, exceeding the gynostegium. 8. Metastelma pedunculare Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 514. 1844. Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Cuesta de Pinula, Guate- inala. Stems bifariously puberulent; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to oval, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acute or mucronate, rounded or subcordate at base, nearly glabrous; flowers 2 to 3 mm. long, sweet-scented; corona seales ligulate. “ Cuchamperrito,” “cuchamper de zope,” “ojo de pescado” (El Salvador). 9. Metastelma watsonianum Standl. Metastelma albiflorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 60. 1889. Not M. aibifiorum Griseb. 1861. Type from Guaymas, Sonora. Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves oblong or oblong-linear, 1 to 2 cm. long, acute or obtuse and mucronate ; flowers white, about 4 mm. long: corona seales exceeding the anthers. 10. Metastelma barbigerum Scheele, Linnaea 21: 760. 1848. Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas. Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute at apex or rounded and apiculate, broadly rounded at base; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate; flowers 4 to 5 mm. long, white, sweet- scented; corona scales subulate. “ Talayote” (Tamaulipas). 11. Metastelma lanceolatum Schlechter, Bull. Herb. Boiss. IT. 6: 840. 1906. Guerrero to San Luis Potosf and Chiapas; type from Zoquitlin. Distrito de Tlacolula, Oaxaca. Stems puberulent or glabrate, woody below; leaves lanceolate to oblong or lance-linear, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, puberulent or glabrate ; cymes few-flowered, sessile or nearly so; corolla 2 mm. long; follicles 6 cm. long. 12. Metastelma latifolium Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 106. 1891. Type from Alamos, Sonora. Woody vine, the stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, mucronate, obtuse or rounded at base, puberulent above; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate. 13. Metastelma pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 396. 1886. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango; Baja California (7); type from Chihuahua. . Stems slender, fruticose below, glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear or lance-linear, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse, obtuse at base; umbels sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes obtuse; follicles 5 cm. long. 14. Metastelma chiapense A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 397. 1886. 2Metastelma selerianum Schlechter, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 841. 1906. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Chiapas. 1176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear, 1 to 5 cm. long, acute; umbels sessile, 3 to 6-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse. Reported by Hemsley as M. cubense Decaisne. 8. BLEPHARODON Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 603. 1844. 1. Blepharodon mucronatum (Schlecht.) Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 603. 1844. Astephanus mucronatus Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 518, 1833. Philibertia anomala T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 277. 1912. Blepharodon anomalum Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 283. 1914. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central America. Glabrous vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent ; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, cuspidate, obtuse or rounded at base, pale beneath and with conspicuous venation, leathery; cymes pedunculate, umbel- like, the pedicels filiform; corolla rotate, about 1 em. broad, the lobes lance- oblong, obtuse, glabrous outside, papillose within above, ciliate; corona lobes oval, obtuse, shorter than the gynostegium. 9. BASISTELMA Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 631. 1909. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves linear or nearly so, short-petiolate ; flowers small, axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes narrow, acute; corolla campanulate, the lobes pilose within below the middle, dextrorsely contorted; corona lobes fleshy, lanceolate or triangular-subulate; pollinia pendulous; stigma produced into a cylindric beak. Only the two following species are known. Beak of stigma short; anther appendages recurved______ ___1. B. mexicanum. Beak of stigma elongate; anther appendages not recurved_2. B. angustifolium. 1. Basistelma mexicanum (T. S. Brandeg.) Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 632. 1909. Melinia mevicana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905. Type from Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa. Stems slender, sparsely pubescent; leaves narrowly linear, 2.5 em. long; peduncles about 4-flowered, 3 mm. long; corolla 2.5 mm. long, the lobes linear; follicles 4 cm. long, 7 mm. thick, glabrous. 2. Basistelma angustifolium (Torr.) Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 632. 1909. Metastelma angustifolium Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 159. 1859. Melinia angustifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 73. 1877. Pattalias angustifolius S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 60, 1889. Sonora; type from Santa Cruz. Southern Arizona. Stems slender, glabrous or nearly so; leaves 2 to 4 cm. long, acute; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered, very short, the pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers; corolla 2.6 mm. long; follicles about 5 em. long and 6 mm. thick, glabrous. 10. CYNANCHUM IL. Sp. Pl. 212. 1753. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous or pubescent; leaves petiolate or sessile; flowers small, in umbelliform cymes, yellowish green; calyx 5-parted, often glandular, the lobes acute or obtuse; corolla campanulate- rotate, the lobes contorted; corona attached to the stamen tube, shallowly lo- bate; pollinia pendulous; stigma conic; follicles smooth. STANDLEY— TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1177 Leaves sessile. Corolla 8 mm. long___-—~---------.---------------------- 1. C. peninsulare. Corolla 83 mm. long_____-------------~--------------------- 2. C. palmeri. Leaves distinctly petiolate. Leaves linear or lance-linear, 5 mm. wide or less_----------- 3. C. kunthii. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, mostly 10 to 35 mm. wide. Flowers about 3 mm. long_----~-~----------------- 4, C. astephanoides. Flowers 1.5 mm. long or less__----~--------------------- 5. C. sepium. 1. Cynanchum peninsulare Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 83. 1917. Type from the west coast of the Cape Region, Baja California. Stems pubescent at the nodes; leaves linear, 3 to 8 cm. long, sparsely ap- pressed-pubescent on the margins; umbels 2 to 7-flowered, subsessile, the pedi- cels 2 mm. long; corolla glabrous or nearly so; follicles glabrous, about 10 cm. long. . 2. Cynanchum palmeri (S. Wats.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 83. 1917. Pattalias palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 60. 1889. Type from Mulejé, Baja California. Stems sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves linear, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, acute; umbels 2 to 6-flowered, sessile, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow ; follicles about 10 cm. long and 6 mm. thick. 3. Cynanchum kunthii (Decaisne) Standl. Cynanchum lanceolatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 203. 1819. Not C. lanceolatum Poir. 1811. Orthosia kunthii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 527. 1844. Metastelma angustifolium Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18522: 315. 1852. Vincetozicum kunthii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 328. 1881. Vincetozicum mericanum 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1883. Chihuahua to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Durango. Type locality given doubt- fully as “ Nova Andalusia” (Venezuela), but this probably is incorrect. Very slender vine, chiefly herbaceous, the stems bifariously puberulent or glabrous; leaves 1 to 5 cm- long, acute, glabrate; umbels few-flowered, sessile or short-pedunculate, the flowers about 2 mm. long; follicles slender, about 5.5 cm. long. 4. Cynanchum astephanoides (A. Gray) Standl. Vincetoricum astephanoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 435. 1887. Type from barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Coarse woody vine; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 7.5 ecm. long, acuminate, thin, puberulent; umbels short-pedunculate, several-flowered ; corolla white, the lobes hairy within. 5. Cynanchum sepium (Decaisne) Standl. Vineetoxicum sepium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 526. 1844. Type from mountains of Oaxaca; reported from Hidalgo. Guatemala. Slender woody vine, the branches sparsely puberulent ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, thin, sparsely puberulent above; umbels pedunculate or subsessile, 4 to 6-flowered. 11. MELLICHAMPIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 437. 1887. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Mellichampia ligulata (Benth.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 425, 1899. Enslenia ligulata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 290. 1848. Mellichampia rubescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 4387. 1887. 1178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Roulinia sinaloensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 243. 1908. Roulinia ligulata Pittier, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 13: 111. 1910. Sinaloa to Michoacin; type from Aguascalientes. Slender vine, chiefly herbaceous, the stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate, 5 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at base, thin, puberulent beneath along the nerves; cymes raceme-like or umbel- like, few-flowered; calyx lobes linear; corolla campanulate, 12 to 15 mm. - long, purple, glabrous outside, pubescent within, the lobes lance-linear, re- curved above; corona simple, tubular, the lobes ovate, caudate-attenuate, nearly equaling the corolla. 12. OXYPETALUM R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 41. 1809. 1. Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schlechter in Urban, Symb, Ant. 1: 269. 1899. Gothofreda cordifolia Vent. Choix Pl. Cels. 7. pl. 60. 1808. Orypetalum riparium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 197. 1819. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves long-petiolate, ovate- cordate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent ; cymes few-flowered, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, the pedicels filiform; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate: corolla lobes narrowly linear, about 2 cm. long, pu- berulent; corona lobes oblong-ligulate, truncate. 13. ROULINIELLA Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 662. 1902. REFERENCE: Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 662-668. 1902. Plants scandent, herbaceous or fruticose, glabrous or puberulent; leaves cordate, long-petiolate, thin; cymes racemiform, the flowers whitish or green- ish; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla subrotate, the lobes contorted or subvalvate; corona scales connected by a membranceous ring, erect, acumi- nate or caudate; follicles smooth. Corona seales not exceeding the stigma________-___... 1. R. unifaria. Corona scales much exceeding the stigma. Buds globose_____---_------------ 2. R. palmeri. Buds ovoid, pointed. Corona scales gradually narrowed into the terminal ligule__3. R. lignosa. Corona scales abruptly contracted into the terminal ligule___4, R. foetida. 1. Rouliniella unifaria (Scheele) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 663. 1902. Gonolobus unifarius Scheele, Linnaea 21: 760. 1848. Roulinia unifaria Engelm.; Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bof 160. 1850. Cynanchum racemosum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 831. 1920. Nuevo Le6n, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. Western Texas; type from New Braunfels. Stems slender, chiefly herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so; leaves deltoid to broadly ovate-cordate, 2.5 to 7 em. long, acuminate, usually deeply cordate at base, glabrous; inflorescence equaling or exceeding the leaves, 7 to 12- flowered ; buds globose; corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long; corona scales obscurely 3-lobate; follicles 6 em. long. “ Talayote” (Tamaulipas). 2. Rouliniella palmeri (S. Wats.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 664. 1902. Roulinia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1883. Coahuila ; type from mountains northeast of Monclova. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1179 Stems bifariously puberulent or glabrous; leaves deltoid-cordate, 3 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves, 5 to 9-flowered; corolla greenish white; follicles 5 to 10 em. long. 3. Rouliniella lignosa Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 666. f. 6. 1902. Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco. Stems glabrous or nearly so, often fruticose; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid- cordate, 3.5 to 8.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, truncate to deeply cordate at base, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves, few-flowered; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; follicles about 9 em. long. 4. Rouliniella foetida (Cav.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 667. 1902. Asclepias foetida Cav. Icon. Pl, 2: 45. pl. 158, 1793. Roulinia jacquini Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 517. 1844. Rouliniella jaliscana Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 668. f. 7. 1902. Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yucatan. Stems bifariously puberulent or glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 12 cm. long, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, glabrous; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves, with 9 to 12 or more flowers; corolla 4 to 7 mm. long, greenish white. 14. NEPHRADENIA Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604. 1844. 1. Nephradenia neriifolia (Decaisne) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 336. 1882. Blepharodon neriifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604, 1844. Oaxaca; type from Totontepec. Guatemala. ; Glabrous erect shrub; leaves short-petiolate, linear-lanceolate, 8 to 14 ecm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at base; umbels few-flowered, axillary, short-pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate or suborbicular, ciliate; corolla campanulate, brownish, about 1 cm. broad, the lobes obtuse; corona scales laterally compressed. 15. MARSDENTIA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 28. 1809. REFERENCE: Rothe, Uber die Gattung Marsdenia R. Br. und die Stamm pflanze der Condurangorinde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 354434. 1915. Plants scandent, usually fruticose or suffrutescent ; flowers small or of med- ium size, in umbelliform cymes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the segments acute or obtuse; corolla campanulate, the throat usually villous, the lobes con- torted, appendages sometimes present in the sinuses of the lebes; corona scales 5, adnate to the stamen tube; stigma depressed or rostrate; follicles thick, usually smooth. Marsdenia cundurango Reichenb. f., of Peru and Ecuador, furnishes “ cun- durango” or “ condorango” bark, which has been employed in the treatment of syphilitic affections. In Ecuador it is considered a remedy for snake bites, there being a popular belief that the condor eats the leaves to cure itself of wounds and snake bites, hence the name ‘“ condorango ” or “ condor-vine.” Leaves glabrous beneath except sometimes along the costa, rarely with a few hairs over the surface when very young. Leaves oblong, 5 mm. wide or less____----------~--~----- 1. M. parvifolia. Leaves mostly ovate to oval, 1.5 to 6 cm. wide or larger. Lobes of the corolla nearly twice as long as the tube___~_- 2. M. pringlei. 1180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Lobes little if at all exceeding the corolla tube. Corolla throat densely barbate: leaves often acute or decurrent at base. 3. M. edulis. Corolla throat very sparsely or not at all barbate; leaves rounded or subcordate at base. Stamen scales exceeding the apical membrane of the anther. 4. M. zimapanica. Stamen scales shorter than the membrane________ 5. M. macrophylla. Leaves pubescent beneath, usually densely so, even at maturity. Leaves acute or acutish at base. Beak of the stigma about 1.5 mm. long; corolla greenish, with purple spots and stripes___.___......-.) 6. M. trivirgulata. Beak about 0.7 mm. long; corolla purplish, striped with yellowish green. 7. M. peraffinis. Leaves rounded or cordate at base. Leaves soon glabrous on the upper surface____________8. My, propinqua, Leaves densely pubescent on the upper surface even in age, Corolla glabrous outside, Stigma obtuse_---- _-9. M. bourgeana. Stigma pointed_-------- 10. M. coulteri, Corolla sparsely or densely pubescent outside. Corolla with appendages in the sinuses of the lobes; calyx lobes linear, acute_---------e 11. M. gilgiana. Corolla not appendaged; calyx lobes ovate, obtuse__12. M. mexicana. 1. Marsdenia parvifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 235. 1906. Puebla and Oaxaca. Stems slender, fruticose, puberulent or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, 8 to 15 mm. long, obtuse or subacute, rounded at base; corolla lobes oblong, obtuse; style elongate. 2. Marsdenia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890, Nuevo Leon; type collected in the Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey. Woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, oval to ovate-elliptic, 5 to 11 em. long, abruptly acuminate, thin, glabrous; umbels few or many-flowered, the pedicels 3 to 8 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla white, 7 to 10 mm. long, glabrous. 3. Marsdenia edulis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 61. 1889. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Stems woody, the larger ones with corky bark; leaves slender-petiolate, lance-ovate to oval, 4 to 13 cm. long, acuminate: umbels many-flowered, sub- sessile; calyx lobes obtuse, ciliate; corolla cream-colored, about 5 mm. long; fruit ovoid, smooth, 6.5 to 10 em. long. “ Talayote” (Sonora), The young fruit is eaten. One specimen from Sinaloa has the leaves mi- nutely pubescent beneath and may represent a distinct species, 4. Marsdenia zimapanica Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 338. 1882. Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zimapain, Hidalgo. Woody vine, glabrous or nearly so, the leaves sometimes pilose when young; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oval, acuminate; umbels sessile or nearly so, the flowers 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla glabrous outside; stigma pointed. According to Flores, the plant is known in Hidalgo as “tequampatli” or “tecuampatli,” and the root is mixed with meat and used to poison coyotes. The names may, however, apply rather to some other plant. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1181 5. Marsdenia macrophylla (Himb. & Bonpl.) Fourn. in Mart. Fl Bras. 64: 321. 1885. Asclepias macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 86. 1820. Marsdenia maculata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4299. 1847. Jalisco to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, and Yucatan. Lesser Antilles, Cen- tral America, and northern South America; type from Venezuela. Woody vine, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate to elliptic or oval, 7 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, often subcordate at base, pale beneath; cymes many- flowered, short-pedunculate, calyx lobes obtuse ; corolla yellowish, 5 to 6 mm. long. “Talayote” (Tamaulipas). 6. Marsdenia trivirgulata Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad, 44: 652. 1909. Type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 900 meters. Stems slender, suffruticose, bifariously puberulent ; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, puberulent; cymes subsessile, few- flowered; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 6 mm. long. 7. Marsdenia peraffinis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 48. 1918. Guerrero and perhaps Michoacin; type from Baqueta, altitude 150 meters. Stems woody, when young sparsely hispidulous; leaves ovate or elliptic, 8 to 6.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, puberulent; cymes 8 to 15-flowered, sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes obtuse ; corolla about 5 mm. long, glabrous outside. 8. Marsdenia propinqua Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 337. 1882. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba. Woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate to rounded-elliptic, 8 to 17 cm. long, acuminate or abruptly short-pointed, tomentose beneath; cymes very dense, many-flowered, short-pedunculate; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 7 to $8 mm. long, red, pubescent outside ; follicles 11 to 15 cm. long, smooth. 9. Marsdenia bourgeana (Baill.) Rothe, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 408. 1915. Pseudomarsdenia bourgeana Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 268. 1890. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de Cuspango. Woody vine; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 em. long, acuminate, rounded or truncate at base, densely pubescent; cymes branched, many-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse or acute; corolla barbate within ; fruit ovoid, woody. 10. Marsdenia coulteri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 336. 1882. Marsdenia selerorum Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 557. 1894. Coahuila to Veracruz, Yucatéin, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zimap4én, Hidalgo. Coarse woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-oblong to broadly ovate or rounded-deltoid, 3 to 7.5 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, densely pubescent ; cymes dense, many-flowered short-pedunculate ; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla whitish, about 3 mm. long; fruit 6 to 18 em. long, smooth, glabrous. “Talayote” (Tamaulipas). 11. Marsdenia gilgiana Rothe, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 410. 1915. Ecliptostelma molle T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 371. 1917. Veracruz; type from Zacuapan. Guatemala. Scandent shrub, the young stems densely pilose; leaves ovate to rounded- ovate, 9 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, densely pilosulous, or 1182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. tomentose beneath; cymes pedunculate, lax, many-flowered, repeatedly dicho- tomous ; flowers about 5 mm. long. 12. Marsdenia mexicana Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 617. 1844. Guerrero, Oaxaca, Morelos, and Mexico; type from Tlacolula, Oaxaca. Large woody vine; leaves broadly cordate, & to 16 em. long, acute or short- acuminate, tomentose beneath, densely pubescent above; cymes pedunculate, many-flowered, repeatedly branched; corolla about 4 mm. long; follicles 7 to 9 cm. long, densely pilose. 16. TRICHOSACME Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 47: 11. 1845, A single species is known. 1. Trichosacme lanata Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 42: 11. 1845. Described from Mexico, Scandent shrub, densely white-lanate throughout except on the corolla; leaves ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, petiolate; umbels axillary, dense, pedunculate, recurved; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate: corolla rotate, brown- purple, the lobes ovate, bearing at the apex a long filiform drooping barbate uppendage, this much longer than the lobes; corona annular; follicles cylin- dric, tomentose. 17. LACHNOSTOMA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 198. 1819. 1, Lachnostoma gonoloboides Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 84. 1903. Type collected near Seven Star Mine, in the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua, altitude 2,400 meters. Stems twining, chiefly herbaceous, densely pubescent; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-hastate, 5 to 9.5 em. long, short-acuminate, cordate at base, thinly hir- tellous; umbels short-pedunculate, mostly 2 to 4-flowered, the pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate; corolla white, narrowly campanulate, 1.5 to 2 em. long, the lobes erect, acute; crown crenate. 18. MICRODACTYLON T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 252. 1909. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Microdactylon ovatum T. §. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 252. 1909. Type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Stems fruiticose, scandent, hirsute and hirtellous; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-cordate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, pubescent; cymes racemiform, long-pedunculate; calyx lobes lanceolate; co- rolla purple-black, shallowly campanulate, about 2 cm. broad, hirtellous out- side, long-hirsute within, the lobes deltoid-ovate, obtuse; corona adnate to the stamen tube, the scales unguiculate, divided above the middle into 2 long liguliform lobes, also with 2 shorter interior lobes. 19. DICTYANTHUS Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604. 1844. Plants scandent or suberect, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves cordate; cymes few-flowered, racemiform or reduced to a single flower; flowers large, the corolla reticulate-veined ; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the lobes nar- row; corolla broadly campanulate, the lobes spreading; corona scales attached to the base of the stamen tube and radiating from it, adnate dorsally to the corolla. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. *1183 Corolla lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish, the margins not revolute. 1. D. stapeliaeflorus. Corolla lobes deltoid to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the margins revolute. Throat of the corolla vertically striped, not reticulate or reticulate only at base. ‘orolla about 13 mm. long_---~-----~------~--------- 2. D. tuberosus. ‘orolla 2.5 to 4 em. long_---~----------------------- 3. D. pavonii. Throat of corolla reticulate or with horizontal stripes. Corolla less than 1.5 cm. long_---------------------- 4. D. parviflorus. Yorolla 2 to 5 cm. long. ; Corolla throat horizontally striped_--------------- 5. D. tigrinus. Corolla throat densely reticulate_----~---------- 6. D. ceratopetalus. 1. Dictyanthus stapeliaeflorus Reichenb. Sel. Sem. Hort. Dresd. 4. 1850. Type from the Sierra Madre of Durango; specimens from Guerrero probably belong here. Stems scandent, sparsely hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid-cordate, acute or acuminate; peduncles 1 or few-flowered; corolla 3.5 to 5 cm. broad, yellowish green, veined with purple, the veins of the lobes reticulate, those in the upper part of the throat concentric and distinct. 2. Dictyanthus tuberosus Robinson, Proc, Amer, Acad. 27: 180. 1892. Jalisco; type from Guadalajara. Stems suberect, suffrutescent, hirsute; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, acute or acuminate, pubescent ; umbels 1 to 4-flowered, sessile or short- pedunculate; corolla campanulate, brown-purple ; follicles about 5 cm. long, armed with short stout spines. 3. Dictyanthus pavonii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 605. 1844. Tympananthe suberosa Hassk. Flora 30: 758. 1847. Dictyanthus campanulatus Reichenb. Sel. Sem. Hort. Dresd. 4, 1850. Rytidoloma reticulatum Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 252: 320. 1852. Dictyanthus reticulatus Benth. & Hook.: Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 329. 1882. Sinaloa to Jalisco and Morelos. Stems scandent, hirsutulous or glabrate; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate, often broadly so, 5 to 12 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, minutely pilose; cymes racemiform, 1 to few-flowered ; corolla 4 to 7 em. wide, broadly campanulate, the lobes reticulate-veined with brown-purple. 4, Dictyanthus parviflorus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 329. 1882. Dictyanthus prostratus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 329. 1920. Morelos and Veracruz; type probably from Cuernavaca. El Salvador. Stems suberect or scandent, suffrutescent below, hirsute; leaves ovate- eordate, often broadly so, 1 to 3.5 em. long, acute, deeply cordate at base, pubescent; flowers mostly solitary, short-pedicellate; corolla 1 to 2 cm. broad, brown-purple ; follicles glabrate, tuberculate. “ Yulpate ” (El Salvador). 5. Dictyanthus tigrinus Conzatti & Standl., sp. nov. Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Laguna de Ojitlin, Distrito de Tuxtepec, Qaxaca, altitude 350 meters (Conzatti 3760; U. 5. Nat. Herb. 1014030). Stems scandent, sparsely hirsutulous with recurved hairs; leaves long- petiolate, ovate-cordate, 9 to 10 em. long, 6 to 7 cm. wide, long-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, minutely puberulent; peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 1 to 4-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate or lance-oblong, 138 mm. long, long- acuminate; corolla about 7 cm. broad, minutely puberulent, the lobes lance- 1184” CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. linear, with recurved margins, closely brown-reticulate, the throat covered with close concentric brown-purple stripes; lobes of the corona linear, 8 mm. long; ovary glabrous. 6. Dictyanthus ceratopetalus Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 208. 1893. Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from plains of Santa Rosa, Guatemala. . Stems scandent, hirsute, woody below; leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute, densely pubescent; cymes 1 or few-flowered, short-pedunculate; corolla 2.5 to 4.5 em. broad, brown-purple, closely reticulate throughout. 20. POLYSTEMMA Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 602. 1844. Stems twining, suffrutescent below, hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, ovate- cordate; cymes umbelliform, few-flowered; calyx 5-parted; corolla short-cam- panulate or subrotate, the throat naked; corona adnate to the gynostegium, composed of 5 ligulate scales and 20 smaller filiform ones; stigma plane. Leaves with a closed basal sinus___-_.-... _.....--1. P. viridiflora. Leaves with a broad open shallow sinus. Corolla about 8 mm. long___----______ ~----------...-2, P. scopulorum. Corolla about 20 mm, long__--------.-- 3. P. rupestris. 1. Polystemma viridiflora Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 602. 1844. Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Leaves hirtellous; peduncles as long as the leaves, 3 or 4-flowered; corolla green, puberulent. 2. Polystemma scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot. 6: 189. 1915. Type from San Geronimo, Oaxaca. Leaves ovate-cordate, 8 em. long or less, acuminate, sparsely hirsute; cymes few-flowered, the peduncles about 2.5 em. long; corolla rotate, reticulate; larger corona scales narrowly oblong, tridentate at apex. 3. Polystemma rupestris T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 3380, 1920. Type from Barranca de Panoaya, Veracruz. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely hirsute; cymes few-flowered, about as long as the leaves; corolla campanulate, reticulate within, the lobes acute or acuminate; larger corona scales deeply trilobate, the smaller ones filiform ; follicles smooth. 21. ROTHROCKIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 295. 1885. Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves long-petiolate, cordate ; cymes pedunculate, umbelliform or racemiform ; calyx 5-parted: corolla rotate, the lobes narrow; corona simple, 5-lobate; stigma produced into a column; fol- licles smooth. The following are the only species known. Corona lobes 2-dentate, not appendaged, with 2 short lateral teeth. 1. R. cordifolia. Corona lobes with caudate lateral processes, or with long exterior filiform appendages. Corolla yellowish green; corona scales with lateral caudate processes about 1.5 mm. long_------ 2. R. umbellata. Corolla purple-black; corona scales with exterior filiform appendages about 4mm, long_---- ee _-3. R. fruticosa. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1185 1. Rothrockia cordifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 20: 295. 1885. Baja California and Sonora. Southern Arizona; type from Santa Catalina Mountains. Stems usually suffrutescent, hirsute and puberulent; leaves broadly ovate- cordate, 2 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent ; inflorescence umbellate or racemiform, few-flowered; corolla greenish white, 8 to 12 mm. long, the lobes oblong. “ Talayote ” (Baja California). Brandegee reports that in Baja California the young pods are eaten raw. 2. Rothrockia umbellata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 165. 1903. Cape Region of Baja California. Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, deeply cor- date at base, hirsute and puberulent ; cymes racemiform, 1 to 6-flowered ; corolla 3.5 em. broad, the lobes ovate-oblong, papillose within; follicles 12 to 15 cm. long, glabrous. 3. Rothrockia fruticosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 165. 1903. Type collected near Santa Anita, Cape Region of Baja California. Stems fruticose below, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 7 em. long, acute or acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent ; flowers solitary or umbellate, the terminal pedicel 2 to 3.5 cm. long; corolla lobes about 12 mm. long, narrowly oblong ; follicles 15 cm. long, glabrous. 22. VINCETOXICUM Walt. FI. Carol. 104. 1788. * Plants usually scandent, fruticose or herbaceous; leaves mostly cordate; flowers small or large, green, brown, or nearly black; calyx 5-parted, glandu- lar within; corolla rotate, shallowly or deeply lobate, often reticulate-veined ; corona annular, adnate to the corolla, entire, dentate, or lobate; stigma de- pressed; follicles smooth or muricate; seeds usually with an apical tuft of hairs. Besides the species listed below, several herbaceous ones, with erect or subs- candent stems, occur in Mexico. Of a number of the species listed, no speci- mens have been seen, and it may be, consequently, that some names are incor- rectly placed in the key. The following vernacular names are reported for plants of this genus: “ Chimicuro” (Oaxaca); ‘“ gueto de venado ” (Oaxaca); ‘ tlalayote ” (Oax- aca). The name most commonly used is “talayote.” The young fruits are eaten either raw or coked. Sweetmeats are sometimes made by boiling them in sirup. , Corolla glabrous within. Leaves mostly about 1 cm. long_----- Leaves mostly 3 cm. long or larger. Corolla about 3 mm. long----------~ _o------------ 2. V. saepimentorum. Corolla 5 mm. long or more. Corolla lobes suborbicular, oval, or broadly deltoid. Stems puberulent or glabrate. Peduncles about as long as the petioles ; corolla glabrous outside. 3. V. lutescens. Peduncles usually more than twice as long as the petioles; corolla puberulent outside------------------------- 4. V. cavanillesii. _______1. V. hastulatum. 1186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems hirsute or hirtellous. Leaves mostly lance-oblong, obtuse or rounded at base. 5. V. stenophyllum.. Leaves all or mostly ovate to oval, cordate at base. Corolla glabrous outside. Pedicels glabrous____..------- 6. V. littorale. Pedicels hirsute---.--.--- 7%. V. diadematum.. Corolla variously pubescent outside. Peduncles equaling or longer than the petioles. Peduncles 1 or 2-flowered__....__ 8. V. tingens. Peduncles several-flowered. Corolla about 4 em. broad___-___- | 9. V. magnifolium. Corolla 1 to 2.5 em. broad. Corolla about 1 em. broad, the lobes longer than broad. 10. V. reticulatum. Corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, the lobes about as broad as long--_--_--- = 11. V. velutinum. Peduncles much shorter than the petioles. Corolla yellowish green__..- | 12. V. suberiferum. Corolla brown-purple__..--- 13. V. congestum. Corolla lobes oblong-linear to lance-oblong. Leaves mostly acute at base_---- 22. V. caudatum. Leaves cordate at base. Calyx nearly as long as the corolla... ___ ~--14. V. triflorum. Calyx much shorter than the corolla. Corolla glabrous outside. Corolla lobes ovate-oblong, fuscous__._._ | 15. V. fuscum. Corolla lobes lance-linear, pale-_-.--- 16. V. petiolare. Corolla puberulent or papillose outside. Calyx more than half as long as the corolla; stems puberulent. 17. V. fraternum. Calyx half as long as the corolla or usually shorter; stems usually hirsute or hirtellous. Corolla green or yellowish. Corolla lobes ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate. 18. V. striatum. Corolla lobes oblong, obtuse_________ 19. V. chrysanthum. Corolla purple, brown-purple, or fuscous. Cymes shorter than the petioles_____ 20. V. stenopetalum. Cymes equaling or longer than the petioles. Corolla lobes oblong-linear___.-- | 21. V. asperum. Corolla lobes lance-oblong, Lobes of the outer corona crenulate__27, V. crenatum. Lobes of the outer corona lacerate-dentate. 26. V. pilosum. Corolla papillose or variously pubescent within, at least in the throat. Leaves acute or decurrent at base_..--- 22. V. caudatum. Corolla merely papillose or puberulent within. Corolla glabrous outside________ gr--------------- 23. V. chloranthum. Corolla puberulent or hirtellous outside. Corolla lobes oval, abruptly short-acuminate, in bud overlapping for about half their breadth_.------ 24. V. macranthum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1187 Corolla lobes mostly oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse at the apex or gradually attenuate, in bud only slightly overlapping. Corolla greenish_---~------------------------- 25. V. oaxacanum. Corolla brown-purple or blackish. Lobes of the outer corona lacerate-dentate_---~-- 26. V. pilosum. Lobes of the outer corona crenulate or obscurely denticulate. Corolla lobes conspicuously veined__-------- 27. V. crenatum. Corolla lobes without conspicuous venation__28. V. grayanum. Corolla barbate or pilose within, at least in the throat. Corolla lobes oval or suborbicular, rounded at apex_-_-29, V. calcicola. Corolla lobes narrow or, if broad, acute or acuminate. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so. Calyx about equaling the corolla, Leaves about as broad as long__-----------------------------~---- 30. V. cyclophyllum. Calyx much shorter than the corolla. Corolla lobes often barbate for their whole length with soft in- terlaced hairs____------------------------ 31. V. barbatum. Corolla barbate only at the base with short stiff hairs. , 32. V. pectinatum. Leaves pilose or hirtellous beneath, usually densely so. Corolla lobes linear__-—----------------~----- 33. V. angustilobum. Corolla lobes lance-oblong or broader. Corolla glabrous outside or nearly so_------~-- 34. V. uniflorum. Corolla puberulent or hirtellous outside. Corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long_----------------- 35. V. erianthum. Corolla 1 cm. long or less. Peduncles much longer than the petioles, long-hirsute. 36. V. nigrescens. Peduncles mostly shorter than the petioles, puberulent or hirtellous. Stems short-pilose or puberulent; leaves broadest near the base. Yorolla 1.5 to 2 cm. broad----------- 37. V. nemorosum. Corolla 6 to 8 mm. broad_-_--------- 38. V. jaliscense. Stems long-hirsute; leaves broadest above the middle. 39. V. xanthotrichum. 1. Vincetoxicum hastulatum (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 2. 1900. Lachnostoma hastulatum A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 87. 1876. Gonolobus hastulatus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 78, 1876. Baja California; type from Tantillas Canyon. Stems slender, chiefly herbaceous, finely pubescent ; leaves hastate, slender- petiolate, pubescent ; flowers mostly solitary, short-pedicellate, whitish; corolla lobes oblong-linear; follicles fusiform, 5 to 6 ecm. long, smooth or with few short tubercles. 2. Vincetoxicum saepimentorum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 381. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence racemiform, equaling or longer than the leaves; corolla lobes oblong, obtuse. 1188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Vincetoxicum lutescens Standl. Gonolobus luteolus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 593. 1844. Not Vincetoricum luteolum Jord. & Fourr. 1866. Type from Teapa, Tabasco. Leaves ovate-cordate, short-acuminate or attenuate, sparsely short-pilose or glabrate; flowers subracemose; sepals glabrous; corolla lobes ovate, acutish. 4. Vincetoxicum cavanillesii Standl. . Cynanchum nigrum Cay. Icon. Pl. 2: pl. 459, 1793. Not Vincetowicum nigrum Moench, 1794. Gonolobus niger R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 35. 1809. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz. Leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, puberulent; inflorescence umbelliform, few-flowered, the flowers slender-pedi- cellate ; corolla blackish, the lobes obtuse, about 5 mm. long. 5. Vincetoxicum stenophyllum Standl. Gonolobus lanceolatus Decaisne in DC. Prodr, 8: 598. 1844. Not Vincetovi- cum lanceolatum Kuntze, 1891. Veracruz; type collected near the city of Veracruz. Stems retrorse-pilose ; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 5.5 to 8 em. long, acuminate, densely velutinous-pubescent ; peduncles very short, few-flowered; corolla about 2 cm. broad, the lobes rounded, green, spotted with white. 6. Vincetoxicum littorale (Decaisne) Stand. Gonolobus littoralis Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844, Type from sandhills near Veracruz. Stems hirtellous and pilose; leaves cordate, attenuate at apex, sparsely pilose above, more densely so beneath; peduncles shorter than the petioles, few-flowered; corolla greenish, the lobes ovate-deltoid. 7. Vincetoxicum diadematum (Edwards) Standl. Gonolobus diadematus Edwards, Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 252, 1817. Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin: reported by Robinson and Greenman * from Tepie. Stems fruticose, with corky bark, the young ones hirsute; leaves elliptic- oblong, 5 to 7.5 em. long or larger, acuminate, cordate at base, hirsute; umbels short-pedunculate, few-flowered ; corolla greenish yellow; fruit 5-angulate, 8. Vincetoxicum tingens (Decaisne) Stand. Gonolobus tingens Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844. Type from Zimapfn, Hidalgo. Stems hirtellous; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles equaling the petioles; calyx lobes ovate, subotuse; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse, velutinous outside, green and fuscous. 9. Vincetoxicum magnifolium (Pittier) Standl. Gonolobus magnifolius Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 104. f. 18. 1910. Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from forests of Las Vueltas de Tucurrique. Large woody vine, the stems hirtellous and puberulent ; leaves rounded-cor- date, 13 to 24 cm. long, acute or acuminate, densely pubescent; cymes few- flowered; calyx lobes broadly elliptic, 10 to 14 mm. long, obtuse; corolla brownish or greenish, the lobes rounded-oval, rounded at apex. *Proec. Amer. Acad. 29: 389, 1894. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1189 10. Vincetoxicum reticulatum (Engelm.) Heller, Bot. Expl. Texas 79. 1895. Gonolobus reticulatus Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 75. 1876. Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi; reported from Sonora. Western Texas to southern Arizona. Stems hirsute: leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 10 em. long, acuminate, hirsute; um- bels 5 to 9-flowered; corolla green, with purplish venation, the lobes obtuse; follicles 7 to 12 cm. long, muricate. 11. Vincetoxicum velutinum (Schlecht.) Stand. Gonolobus velutinus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 521. 1883. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Stems hirsute and puberulent; leaves rounded-cordate, 4.5 to 13.5 em. long, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, velutinous; peduncles few-flowered, the flowers greenish. 12. Vincetoxicum suberiferum (Robinson) Standl. Gonolobus suberiferus Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 181. 1892. Type from San José Pass, San Luis Potosi. Stems woody, covered with pale yellowish corky bark, hirsute when young; leaves ovate, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles 1-flowered ; corolla 3 cm. broad, the lobes ovate, obtuse; follicles slender, smooth, 7.5 cm. long or more. 13. Vincetoxicum congestum (Decaisne) Standl. Gonolobus congestus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 597. 1844. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca, altitude 1,500 meters. Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, pilose; cymes dense, few-flowered, subsessile; corolla about 1 cm. broad, the lobes deltoid-ovate. Gonolobus sidaefolius Mart. & Gal.,* described from Veracruz, may be a synonym. 14. Vincetoxicum triflorum (Mart. & Gal.) Standl. Gonolobus triflorus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 365, 1844. Type from Pefioles, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, altitude 1,950 meters. Stems pubescent; leaves eordate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pu- bescent; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the petiole; corolla greenish, the lobes ovate-lanceolate. Perhaps a synonym of V. uniflorum. 15. Vincetoxicum fuscum (Decaisne) Standl. Gonolobus fuscus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844. Type from Arumbaro, near Morelia, Michoacfn, altitude 1,050 meters. Stems hirtellous; leaves ovate, attenuate at apex, appressed-pilose, or sub- velutinous beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves. 16. Vincetoxicum petiolare (A. Gray) Standl. Gonolobus petiolaris A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 397. 1886. Chihuahua and Sinaloa; type from Batopilas, Chihuahua. Stems woody below, covered with corky bark, hirsute when young; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong-cordate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent; pe- duncles few-flowered, equaling or shorter than the petioles; corolla about 13 mm. long; follicles slender, smooth, 18 cm. long or less. 1Bull. Acad. Brux. 11): 367. 1844. 1190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. Vincetoxicum fraternum (Schlecht.) Standl. Gonolobus fraternus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 521. 1833. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Leaves oblong-ovate, 4 to 7 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, cordate at base, with a broad sinus, glabrate above, pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the petioles, few-flowered ; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long. 18. Vincetoxicum striatum (Mart. & Gal.) Stand. Gonolobus striatus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 365. 1844, Type from El Sabino. Stems pubescent-hirtous; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, about 5 em. long, pubescent ; peduncles about 3-flowered, scarcely longer than the petioles; co- rolla about 2.5 em. broad. \ 19. Vincetoxicum chrysanthum (Greenm.) Stand. Gonolobus chrysanthus Greenm. Proc. Amer, Acad. 32: 299. 1897. Mexico, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Michoacin; type from Pitzcuaro, Michoa- cain. , Stems hirsute and puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, acumi- nate, cordate at base, hirtellous or hirsute; peduncles loosely few-flowered, fd equaling or shorter than the petioles; corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, yellow. 20. Vincetoxicum stenopetalum (A. Gray) Standl. Gonolobus stenopetalus A, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 398. 1886. Chihuahua ; type collected near the city of Chihuahua. Stems suberect, woody at base, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 10 em. long, acuminate, puberulent and hispidulous; corolla 8 to 12 mm. long; follicles ovoid, muricate and hispidulous; seeds without coma. 21. Vincetoxicum asperum (Decaisne) Standl. Gonolobus asper Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 595. 1844. Gonolobus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca. Stems hirtellous; leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse to acuminate, rough above, papillose beneath and sparsely hirsute; peduncles few-flowered; corolla 18 to 25 mm. long. 22. Vincetoxicum caudatum (A. Gray) Standl. Gonolobus caudatus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 399. 1886. Gonolobus caudatus trachyanthus Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 38: 482. 1898. Chihuahua to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda San José, south of Batopilas, Chihuahua. Stems woody, erect, sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, 4 em, long or less; pedun- cles 1-flowered ; corolla fuscous, 5 to 8 mm. long. In the typical form the corolla is glabrous within; in G. caudatus trachy- anthus it is granular-puberulent. 23. Vincetoxicum chloranthum (Sehlecht.) Standl. Gonolobus chloranthus Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 520. 1833. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Stems retrorse-pilose; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, shallowly cordate at base, pubescent; peduncles shorter than the leaves, several-flowered ; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1191 24. Vincetoxicum macranthum (Kunze) Standl. Gonolobus macranthus Kunze, Linnaea 20: 27. 1847. Fischeria alta T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 276. 1912. Nuevo Leon to Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Guatemala. Stems densely pilosulous; leaves ovate-cordate or ovate-oblong, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered ; corolla about 3.5 cm. broad, greenish, reticulate-veined. 25. Vincetoxicum oaxacanum Stand. Gonolobus tristis Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844. Not Vincetoricum triste Griseb. 1844. Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 2,100 meters. Stems glandular-papillose and sparsely hirtellous; leaves ovate-cordate, 45 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, glandular-puberulent’ beneath and sparsely hirtellous; corolla about 1 cm. long. 26. Vincetoxicum pilosum (Benth.) Standl. Gonolobus pilosus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 289. 1848. Jalisco to San Luis Potosf, Morelos, and Puebla; type from Le6n, Guanajuato. Stems pilosulous; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent ; peduncles few-flowered, equaling or longer than the petioles; corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; follicles slender, smooth, about 10 cm. long. “Flor del muerto” (Guanajuato, Dugeés). 27. Vincetoxicum crenatum Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 429. 1899. Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Stems retrorsely pilose; leaves cordate-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, papillose-puberulent ; peduncles few-flowered, longer than the petioles; corolla 13 to 14 mm. long. 28. Vincetoxicum grayanum Standl. Gonolobus atratus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 436. 1887. Not Vincetozi- cum atratum Morr. & Decaisne, 1836. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco, Stems woody, hirsute when young; leaves oblong-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, viscid-puberulent beneath; peduncles few-flowered, mostly longer than the petioles; corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. broad, black. 29. Vincetoxicum calcicola (Greenm.) Standl. Gonolobus calcicola Greenm, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 30. 1904. Type from Jojutla, Morelos. Stems woody below, hirtellous and pap llose-puberulent ; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 6 em. long, acuminate, granular-puberulent beneath; peduncles few- flowered, shorter than the petioles; corolla about 2 cm. broad, brown-purple. 30. Vincetoxicum cyclophyllum Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cafién de la Mano Negra, near Iguala, Guerrero (Rose, Painter ¢ Rose 9355; U. S. Nat. Herb. 452841). Stems stout, glabrous, rising from a thick woody root; leaves long-petiolate, reniform-cordate, 6 to 11.5 cm. long, 6 to 10 cm. wide, rounded at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, glabrous or sparsely puberu- lent beneath near the base; cymes sessile, few-flowered, the flowers on stout puberulent pedicels; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 10 to 14 mm. long, glabrous ; corolla brown-purple, about 1 cm. long, the lobes deltoid-ovate, subacute, bar- bate within; outer corona entire or nearly so. 1192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 31. Vincetoxicum barbatum (H. B. K.) Stand. Gonolobus barbatus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 209. pl. 239. 1819. Gonolobus sororius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 437. 1887. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Yucatin; type from Campeche. Guatemala and El Salvador. Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid-cordate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acuminate, with broad shallow sinus at base; cymes sessile or short-pedunculate, the pedicels long and slender; corolla about 1 ecm. long; fruit ovoid, 8 to 12 em. long, longitudinally winged, glabrous. “ Matacoyote,” “cuchamper de zope” (El Salvador). 32. Vincetoxicum pectinatum (T. 8. Brandeg.) Stand. Gonolobus pectinatus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Stems puberulent and sparsely hirtellous or glabrate; leaves broadly ovate- cordate, 3 to 6 cm. long, short-acuminate; cymes short-pedunculate, few- flowered, the pedicels long and slender; corolla greenish, about 13 mm. long; fruit ovoid, about 9 cm. long, 5-winged. 33. Vincetoxicum angustilobum (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl. Gonolobus angustilobus Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 388. 1894. Type collected near Tepic. Stems puberulent and hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 6 cm. long, acumi- nate, pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the petioles, 1-flowered; calyx lobes ovate, acute; corolla green, about 2.5 cm. broad. 34, Vincetoxicum uniflorum (H. B. K.) Standl. Gonolobus unifiorus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 207. pl. 238. 1819. Veracruz, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected near the city of Mexico. Stems puberulent and pilose: leaves ovate-cordate or ovate-oblong, 4 to 8 em. long, acuminate, pubescent ; peduncles shorter than the petioles, 1 or few- flowered, the flowers long-pedicellate; corolla greenish, 3.5 to 4.5 em. broad. “Rosa verde” (Ramirez). Gonolobus virescens Decaisne; described from Regla, Hidalgo, appears to be closely related. 35. Vincetoxicum erianthum ( Decaisne) Standl. Gonolobus erianthus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844. Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Guatemala. Stems retrorse-pilose or puberulent, woody below; leaves mostly oblong- ovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, pubescent ; peduncles short, few-flowered; corolla greenish, reticulate-veined. “ Talayote,” “flor del muerto” (Guanajuato, Dugés) ; “ cachayumbo ” (Oaxaca). 36. Vincetoxicum nigrescens (Schlecht.) Standl. Gonolobus nigrescens Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 522, 18383. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz, Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acute, velutinous; peduncles slender, often longer than the leaves, hirsute, few-flowered ; corolla blackish, about 8 mm. broad, long-pilose within. 37. Vincetoxicum nemorosum (Decaisne) Standl. Gonolobus nemorosus Decaisne in DC. Proar. 8: 596. 1844. Oaxaca; type from Mixteca Alta. "In DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1193 Branchlets retrorse-pilose or puberulent ; leaves oblong-ovate or lance-oblong, 4 to 9 em, long, acuminate, sparsely or densely pubescent beneath; peduncles short, few-flowered ; corolla greenish, reticulate-veined ; fruit ovoid, coarsely muricate. 38. Vincetoxicum jaliscense (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl. Gonolobus jaliscensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 389. 1894. Jalisco to Morelos; type from Guadalajara. Stems retrorse-pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, cordate or truncate at base, densely pubescent beneath ; peduncles very short, few-flowered ; corolla yellowish green; follicles fusiform, striate. 39. Vincetoxicum xanthotrichum (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl. Gonolobus vanthotrichus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 251. 1908. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Stems densely hirsute ; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate, 8 to 11 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, hirsute; umbels sessile or subsessile, the pedicels long and slender; corolla about 1 cm. long, hirsute outside, barbate in the throat. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. GonoLospus ALTATENSIS T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 244, 1908. Type from Altata, Sinaloa. GonoLopus GRACILIS Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844. Type from Oaxaca, GonoLopus 1nconsPicuus T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909. Type from Puebla. VINCETOXICUM ATROCORONATUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 3 1917. Type from Barranca de las Pilas, Puebla. VINCETOXICUM CHIAPENSE T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 190. 1915. Type from Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas. VINCETOXICUM MEGACARPHUM T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 381. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. VINCETOXICUM PUEBLENSE T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 91. 1910. Type from Puebla. —. 72. 23. HIMANTOSTEMMA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 294. 1885. A single species is known. 1. Himantostemma pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 294. 1885. Baja California and Sonora; type collected south of Altar, Sonora. Vine, woody below, the stems hirtellous; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate or deltoid cordate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute, hirtellous and puberulent ; peduncles short, mostly 2-flowered; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla rotate, 7 to 8 mm. long, 5-parted, brown-purple, the lobes lanceolate, covered within with numerous long linear-spatulate hairs; corona simple, of 10 long linear stipitate scales and of 5 short ones; follicicles about 8 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. thick, glabrous, covered with long spinelike appendages. 24. UROSTEPHANUS Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. IIL. 50: 159. 1895. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Urostephanus gonoloboides Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 159. 1895. Type collected on hills near Oaxaca, altiude 1,800 meters. Stems scandent, chiefly herbaceous, fulvous-hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 6.5 em. long, acuminate, hirsute, slender-petiolate; cymes umbelliform, sub- 1194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. sessile; calyx 5-parted, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; corolla rotate, brown-purple or green, 10 to 12 mm. long, the lobes lance-oblong, pilose outside, lanate in the throat; corona tubular, with 5 internal hornlike processes and with 5 alternating external lobes, these each produced externally into 2 filiform flexuous appendages; stigma depressed. DOUBTFUL GENERA. IRMISCHIA FLORIBUNDA Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 739. 1845. Type from tropical Mexico. MIcROSTELMA Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 286, 1891. The genus is said to consist of two Mexican species, neither of which is given a name. PACHYSTELMA CORDATUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 330. 1920. Type from Acasonica, Veracruz. STELMAGONUM HAHNIANUM Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 287. 1891. Type from Mexico. TRICHOSTELMA CILIATUM Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 288. 1891, Type from Mexico. 142. CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family. Plants erect or scandent, woody or herbaceous; leaves alternate, simple or digitately compound, often lobate, estipulate; flowers regular, perfect, usually large and showy, commonly cymose; calyx inferior, 5-parted, the sepals free or nearly so, strongly imbricate ; corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salver- form, or campanulate, the limb D-lobate, commonly induplicate-valvate; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla tube: style simple or bifid, the stigma or stigmas capitate or bifid; fruit capsular, 2 to 5-celled, the cells 1 or 2-seeded. Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species, Style bifid---_-_----- 1. BREWERIA. Style simple below the stigma. Sepals small at first, in age accrescent and leaflike.—___ _...2. PORANA. Sepals not accrescent or, if so, not becoming leaflike. Stigma with 2 elongate lobes_...- 3. JACQUEMONTIA. Stigma entire or with 2 subglobose lobes. Anthers spirally twisted... 4, OPERCULINA. Anthers not twisted. Stamens more or less exserted. Corolla salverform, with broad limb, white or purple. 5. CALONYCTION. Corolla tubular, with very narrow limb, usually red or yellow. 6. EXOGONIUM. Stamens included. Japsule dehiscent, usually with 2 or more seeds____7. IPOMOEA. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seeded_.--..-- 8. TURBINA. 1. BREWERIA R. Br. Prodr. FI. Nov. Holl. 487. 1810. Shrubs or herbs, scandent or erect ; leaves entire; cymes axillary or terminal, or the flowers solitary; sepals subequal or the outer larger; corolla campanu- late, the limb plicate, 5-angulate; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate: Style bifid or the stigmas 2 and distinct. Flowers in Cymes_------- 1. B. sulphurea. Flowers solitary. , Leaves linear-lanceolate: stems erect_----- 2. B. multicaulis. Leaves ovate or oval; ‘stems prostrate... 3. B. ovalifolia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1195 1. Breweria sulphurea T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 384. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Stems suffrutescent, scandent; leaves elliptic-oblong to oval-ovate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, rounded and mucronulate at apex, rounded at base, fulvous-tomentose beneath, petiolate; flowers mostly long-pedicellate; sepals 1 to 1.5 cm. long; corolla 1.5 em. long, hirsute. 2. Breweria multicaulis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 185. 1911. Type from Sierra del Rey, Coahuila. Stems stout, suffrutescent, densely white-tomentose; leaves sessile, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or attenuate, acute at base, densely pubescent; flowers sub- sessile; sepals 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla 3.5 cm. long, blue, hirsute. 3. Breweria ovalifolia (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 217. 1878. Evolvulus ovalifolius Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 150. 1859. Type collected along the Rio Grande below San Carlos, Coahuila. Plant probably herbaceous, sericeous-canescent; leaves about 2.5 cm. long, subcordate at base; peduncles very short; capsule globose, 12 mm. in diameter. 2. PORANA Burm. FI. Ind. 51. 1768. The other species are natives of the Old World. 1. Porana velutina (Mart. & Gal.) Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: 538. 1893. Dufourea velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 259. 1845. Breweria mexicana Hems)]. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 400. 1882. Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected near La Venta de Aragon, be- tween Tehuacin and Oaxaca, altitude 900 meters. Scandent shrub; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 4 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire, sericeous, especially be- neath, or in age ghabrate; flowers in axillary, few or many-flowered cymes, slender-pedicellate; sepals very unequal, the 8 outer ones larger, oval, be- coming as much as 18 mm. long, rounded at apex, glabrate; corolla funnel- form, about 1.5 em. long, sericeous outside; stamens included; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; style filiform, unequally bifid, the stigmas capitate. 3. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 476. 1833. Stems usually scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves entire, usually cor- date; flowers blue or white, cymose or capitate, axillary; sepals subequal or the outer ones larger; corolla broadly or narrowly campanulate, the limb pli- cate, 5-angulate; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; style filiform, the stigmas 2, ovate or oblong; seeds usually glabrate. All the Mexican species are listed here, but some of them are wholly herba- ceous. Flowers in headlike clusters, the bracts foliaceous. Bracts, except the outermost, linear_______-_------------- 1, J. tamnifolia. Bracts all broad. Corolla glabrous outside; pubescence of the leaves spreading. 2. J. pycnocephala. Corolla hirsute; pubescence of the leaves appressed_____- 3. J. perryana. Flowers in loose or dense cymes, the bracts small. Sepals rounded or obtuse at apex, not apiculate. Sepals glabrous______21_---~---------------------------- 4. J. nodiflora. Sepals pubescent. Corolla about 12 mm. long_--------------------- rae 5. J. simulata. Corolla about 40 mm. long___--------------------~------- 6. J. nelsoni. 1196 CONTRIBUBIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sepals acute or acuminate, or at least apiculate. Sepals glabrous____------- 7. J. oaxacana. Sepals variously pubescent. Inflorescence glandular-pilose__________ Se eee eee 8. J. azurea. Inflorescence without glandular pubescence. Cymes many-flowered, usually dense. Sepals very densely pubescent. Leaves densely pubescent on both BUTT A CCS oe eee 9. J. abutiloides. Sepals sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Leaves acute or acuminate, glabrate_______ 10, J. pentantha. Leaves rounded at apex and mucronate or cuspidate, densely pubescent beneath ___--__-______-_ 11. J. apiculata. Cymes mostly 3 or 4-flowered. Sepals all of equal length_--__._-.- | eae 12. J. palmeri. Sepals unequal, the outer ones slightly longer. Sepals densely pilosulous. Leaves mostly obtuse, densely pubes- OO eae 9. J. abutiloides. Sepals sparsely pubescent or glabrate, or minutely tomentulose. Leaves acute to acuminate, the upper ones slender-petiolate. 13. J. pringlei. Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex and mucronate, the upper ones usually subsessile__....-.----__ 14. J. smithii. 1. Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 474. 1861. Ipomoea tamnifolia L. Sp. Pl. 162. 1753. Jacquemontia macrocephala T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 219. 1905. Thyella macrocephala House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68, 1909. Sinaloa. Southern United States, West Indies, South America, and tropi- cal Africa. . Stems herbaceous, pilose; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, slender-petiolate, acuminate; flower heads long-pedunculate, many-flowered, hirsute; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long. 2. Jacquemontia pycnocephala Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 137. 1844. Thyella pycnocephala House, Bull. Torrey Club 338: 814. 1906. Guerrero, the type from Acapulco. Stems densely fulvous-pilose; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, cuspidate-mucronate, densely pubescent; heads on long or short peduncles, the bracts rounded-ovate or deltoid-ovate; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, blue. 3. Jacquemontia perryana Duchass. & Walp. Linnaea 23: 751. 1850. Ipomoea lactescens Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 171. 1854. Oaxaca. Panama; type collected near the city of Panama. Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, hirsute or glabrate; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 4.5 to 8 em. long, acuminate; heads long-pedunculate, very dense, hirsute; corolla white, about 3.5 cm. long. 4. Jacquemontia nodiflora (Desr.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 288, 1838. Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. in Lam. Eneyl. 3: 557. 1789. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. West Indies ; Central and South America. Stems often suffrutescent, tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceo- late to broadly ovate-cordate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, densely tomentose beneath; cymes many-flowered, short-pedunculate; corolla white, about 12 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1197 5. Jacquemontia simulata House, Bull. Torrey Club 833: 314. 1906. Yucatan. Stems woody below, tomentose when young; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse and mucronate, densely tomentose beneath; cymes dense, many-flowered; corolla white, about 12 mm. long. This has been reported from Yucatéin as J. abutiloides. 6. Jacquemontia nelsoni House, Muhlenbergia 5: 67. 1909. Type collected between Nopala and Mixistepec, Oaxaca, Stems pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 4 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, hirtellous beneath; cymes long-pedunculate, many-flowered; sepals about 8 cm. long; corolla white (7). 7. Jacquemontia oaxacana (Meisn.) Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: 543. 1893. Jacquemoutia parviflora oaxacana Meisn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7: 297. 1869. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 5.5 em. long, acumi- nate, pilose beneath or finally glabrate; peduncles usually much longer than the leaves, the cymes many-flowered ; corolla blue, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 8. Jacquemontia azurea (Desr.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 476. 18383. Convolvulus azureus Desr. in Lam. Encyl. 3: 554. 1789. Convolvulus sphaerostigma Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 54. pl. 481. 1799. Convolvulus apocynoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 117. 1830. Jacquemontia hirsuta Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 8: 63. 1838. Convolvulus secundiflorus Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad, 33: 90. 1897. Jacquemontia paucifiora T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 384, 1913. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central and South America. Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, glandular-pilose, slender; leaves ovate- oblong to rounded-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, mostly long-acuminate, pilose; cymes mostly 3-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; corolla blue, about 1 cm. long. 9. Jacquemontia abutiloides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 34. 1844. Baja California and Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Woody vine, usually densely tomentose almost throughout; leaves short- petiolate, ovate or rounded-ovate, 1 to 4 em. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, mucronate, usually deeply cordate at base; cymes on long or short peduncles, dense, usually few-flowered; corolla blue, 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long. 10. Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 283. 1838. Convolvulus pentanthus Jacq. Coll. Bot. 4: 210. 1790. Convolvulus violaceus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 29. 1794. Jacquemontia violacea Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 8: 61. 1838, Sinaloa to Veracruz and Yucatin. Southern Florida, West Indies, Central and South America. Stems chiefly herbaceous, pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate or ovate-cor- date, 2 to 9 cm. long; peduncles mostly longer than the leaves; corolla 1.2 to 2 em. long, blue or rarely white. 11. Jacquemontia apiculata House, Muhlenbergia 5: 66. 1909. Chihuahua and Tamaulipas; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Stems thinly tomentose; leaves rqunded-cordate, 2 to 5 cm. long, shallowly cordate at base; peduncles longer than the leaves, the cymes lax, the flowers mostly long-pedicellate; corolla blue, about 2 em. long. “ Enredadera” (Tamau- lipas). 79688—24——23 1198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 12. Jacquemontia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 63. 1889. Jacquemontia palmeri varians T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 170. 1903. Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Stems herbaceous, thinly tomentose or pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, pilose or glabrate; peduncles slender, longer than the leaves; corolla blue, 7 to 8 mm. long. 13, Jacquemontia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 227. 1882. Jacquemontia pringlei glabrescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 402. 1886. Chihuahua and Sonora; Oaxaca (?). Type from Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona; also in El Salvador. Slender vine, woody below, the stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate; peduncles equaling or longer than the leaves; corolla 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, pale blue or white. “Cam- panilla” (El Salvador). 14. Jacquemontia smithii Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160. 1895. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 540 meters. Stems erect or nearly so, woody below, puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, 1 to 5 cm. long, usually subcordate at base, puberulent or tomentulose; pedun- cles longer than the leaves; corolla blue, 12 to 15 mm. long. EXCLUDED SPECIES. JACQUEMONTIA CHIAPENSIS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 60, 1914. This plant, described from Tonalé, Chiapas, is Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq. ) Choisy. 4. OPERCULINA Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 16. 1836. REFERENCE: House, Bull. Torrey Club 83: 495-503. 1906. Stems scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves varying from entire to digi- tately compound; calyx large, pyriform, constricted above, the sepals scarious or chartaceous; corolla campanulate or funnelform; anthers spirally twisted ; capsule large, 2-celled and 4-seeded or imperfectly 4-celled; seeds usually gla-. brous. Leaves entire. Peduncles conspicuously winged_________ ee ae ee ee 1, O. alatipes. Peduncles not at all or only obscurely winged. Leaves lance-linear____-_._---------- 2. O. lancifolia. Leaves ovate-cordate or rounded-cordate. Sepals 2 to 2.5 em. long; corolla tube twice as long as the calyx. 3. O. rhodocalyx. Sepals 3 cm. long or more; corolla tube little exceeding the calyx. 4. O. discoidesperma. Leaves lobed or digitately compound. Leaves digitately compound, divided to the petiole. Plants hirsute___---------------e 5. O. aegyptia. Plants glabrous. Corolla yellow____--__--_-------e ee 6. O. aurea. Corolla white or whitish. Leaflets long-acuminate--__--__-------- 7. O. palmeri. Leaflets obtuse____--____________ pee 8. O. platyphylla. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1199 Leaves pinnately lobed or deeply palmate-lobed, but not divided to the petiole. Corolla yellow; capsule 3 to 4 cm. in diameter 9, O. tuberosa. Corolla white or whitish; capsule 1 to 2 cm. in diameter. Plants hirsute______----------------- _ _-10. O. dissecta. Plants glabrous. Leaves deeply lobed, the lobes extending nearly to the costa. 11, O. ornithopoda. Leaves lobed less than halfway to the costa-------- 12. O. pectinata. 1. Operculina alatipes (Hook.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 499. 1906. Ipomoea alatipes Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5330. 1862. Ipomoea alata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 108. 1891. Not J. alata R. Br. 1810. Operculina rubicunda House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 498. 1906. Sonora to Chiapas. Central America and Colombia. Plants glabrous, chiefly herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate- cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate; sepals about 2.5 em. long; corolla red, the tube 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds black, glabrous. “Mechoacin,” “ campanilla,” “ quiebra cajete” (El Salvador). 2. Operculina lancifolia House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909. Type from Valley of Jiquipilas, Chiapas, altitude 660 to 840 meters. Plants glabrous, herbaceous; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, sagittate-cordate at base ; peduncles 1-flowered ; sepals about 2 cm. long; corolla pink, 5 cm. long. 3. Operculina rhodocalyx (A. Gray) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 498. 1906. Ipomoea rhodocalyr A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 4389. 1887. Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Tequila, Jalisco. Plants glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate; peduncles 1 or 2-flowered; calyx reddish; corolla yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long; seeds glabrous. 4, Operculina discoidesperma (Donn. Smith) House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909. Ipomoea discoidesperma Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 14: 27. 1889. Coahuila to Guanajuato and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Pansamali, Plants glabrous; leaves rounded-cordate, 6 to 15 em. long, acuminate; pedun- cles 2 or 3-flowered ; corolla yellow, about 5 cm. long; capsule about 2.5 cm. in diameter, 1-seeded, the seed compressed, 1 cm. broad, densely pubescent. 5. Operculina aegyptia (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 88: 502. 1906. Ipomoea aegyptia L. Sp. Pl. 162. 1753. Convolvulus pentaphyllus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 233. 1763. Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 297. 1788. Ipomoea sinaloensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 217. 1905. Merremia aegyptia Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 505. 1910. Sinaloa to Chiapas and Yucatin. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaflets 5, elliptic or obovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate; calyx densely hirsute; corolla white, about 2.5 cm. long; seeds glabrous. 6. Operculina aurea (Kellogg) House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909. Aniseia aurea Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 83. 18738. Ipomoea aurea Kellogg; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 148. 1885. Baja California. 1200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Woody vine; leaflets obovate, elliptic, or lance-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate; sepals in fruit 3 to 3.5 em. long; corolla about 5 em. long; seeds densely pubescent. 7. Operculina palmeri (S. Wats.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 502. 1906. Ipomoea palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 63. 1889. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Woody vine; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 9 cm. long or less, acute at base; Sepals in fruit 4 cm. long; corolla about 6.5 cm. long; seeds densely pubescent. 8. Operculina platyphylla (Fernald) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 502. 1906. Ipomoea palmeri platyphylia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 90, 1897. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Stems suffrutescent; leaflets elliptic or obovate; sepals in fruit 3.5 ecm. long; corolla 7 cm. long. 9. Operculina tuberosa (L.) Meisn. in Mart. FL Bras. 7: 212. 1869. Ipomoea tuberosa L. Sp. Pl. 160. 1753. Campeche. Central and South America, West Indies, and Old World tropics; type from Jamaica. Plants glabrous, climbing over trees; leaves mostly 7-lobate, 5 to 12 cm. long, the lobes acuminate, entire; sepals in fruit as much as 6 cm. long; corolla 4 to 5.5 em. long; seeds densely pubescent. 10. Operculina dissecta (Jacq.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 83: 500. 1906. Convolvulus dissectus Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 4, 1767. Ipomoea sinuata Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 84. 1798. Merremia dissecta Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 114, 1894. Sinaloa to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos{, and Oaxaca. Florida and Texas; West Indies; Central and South America. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves mostly 5-lobate, the lobes 2 to 8 em. long, deeply lobate ; sepals in fruit about 3 cm. long; corolla 3.5 to 4 em. long ; seeds black, glabrous. 11. Operculina ornithopoda (Robinson) House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 414. 1907. Ipomoea ornithopoda Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 188. 1892. Operculina roseana House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 500. 1906. Operculina angustiloba House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 501. 1906. Ipomoea megacarpa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 218. 1905. Operculina ornithopoda megacarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 5380. 1916. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas; type from Las Canoas, San Luis Potosf. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves mostly 5-lobate, the lobes linear to ovate or rhombic, entire or lobate, usually acute or acuminate; sepals in fruit about 1.5 cm. long; corolla 4 to 5 em. long; seeds glabrous. In the typical form the lobes of the leaves are linear. The more common form with broad lobes is O. ornithopoda megacarpa (T. S. Brandeg.) Robinson. 12, Operculina pectinata House, Muhlenbergia 5: 69. 1909. San Luis Potosf and Oaxaca; type from Lagunas, Oaxaca. Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, long-acuminate, truncate at base, coarsely pectinate-dentate or lobate; sepals 12 to 14 mm. long; corolla 3.5 to 4.5 em. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1201 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. OPERCULINA AMPLIATA (Choisy) House, Bull. Torrey Club 83: 503. 1906. Ipomoea ampliata Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 361. 1845. Type from Campeche. Leaves said to be subtrilobate. 5. CALONYCTION Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 440. 1833. Plants scandent, usually glabrous; leaves cordate, entire or lobate; flowers large, white or purple, axillary, cymose or solitary; sepals unequal; corolla salverform, with long slender tube and broad limb; stamens exserted; stigma capitate, bilobate; fruit 2-celled. Corolla purple____--_------------------------------------- 1. C. muricatum. Corolla white. Outer sepals with stout hornlike appendages_------------- 2. C. aculeatum. Outer sepals not appendaged__----------------------------- 3. C. tastense. 1. Calonyction muricatum (L.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 264. 1838. Convolvulus muricatus L. Mant. Pl. 1: 44. 1767. Ipomoea muricata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 40. 1798. Ipomoea spinulosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 169. 1903. Baja California to Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Yucatén. Northern South America. Plants glabrous, the stems usually armed with short stout recurved prickles ; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, 5 to 16 cm. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at base; flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes, the pedicels thickened above; outer sepals subulate-cuspidate; corolla tube 3 to 5 em. long; seeds glabrous. 2. Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 590. 1904. Convolvulus acuteatus L. Sp. Pl. 155, 1753. Ipomoea alba L. Sp. Pl. 161. 1753. Ipomoea bona-noxr L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 228. 1762. Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 441. 1833. Calonyction bona-nor Bojer, Hort. Maur. 227. 1837. Ipomoea aculeata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 442. 1891. Baja California and Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, often armed with recurved prickles ; leaves 5 to 15 cm. long or larger, entire or 3 to 5-lobate, acuminate, glabrous ; peduncles 1 or few-flowered, the pedicels much thickened in age; corolla tube 8 to 12 cm. long, the limb 6 to 10 cm. broad; capsules about 2 cm. long; seeds shining, dark brown or nearly black, minutely pubescent. “ Bejuco de puerco,” “bejuco de vaca” (Porto Rico); “ galin de noche,” “bejuco de tabaco,” “garza,” “pitoreta” (El Salvador). The vine is commonly cultivated under the name of “ moonflower.” ‘The large, very showy flowers open late in the evening. The milky juice is em- ployed in tropical America for coagulating the latex of Castilla, the rubber tree. In India the young seeds are eaten, and the plant is there a popular remedy for snake bites. In El Salvador the stems are employed for hanging tobacco to dry. 3. Calonyction tastense (T. S. Brandeg.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 318. 1906. Ipomoea tastensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 168. 1903. Type from the Sierra El Taste, Baja California. 1202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Glabrous woody vine; leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 8 cm. long, long-acumi- nate, entire or coarsely dentate; corolla 10 to 14 cm. long, the limb 8 to 10 cm. broad; seeds finely pubescent. 6. EXOGONIUM Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genave 6: 443. 1833. REFERENCE: House, The genus Exogonium, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 97-107. pl. 41, 2. 1908. Woody vines; leaves usually entire; flowers solitary or in axillary cymes or racemes, the bracts often large and colored; sepals equal or unequal; co- rolla subtubular, red, white, or yellow, the tube long, the limb very narrow; stamens and style protruding; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; stigma capitate, bi- lobate; seeds usually hairy. Corolla yellow. Bracts inconspicuous_____.__........_ 1, E. luteum. Corolla red or pink. Bracts cordate, purple or pink_-___-_.___________ 2. E. bracteatum. Bracts never cordate, green or minute and caducous. Flowers sessile in the upper axils__________-____ 3. E. velutifolium. Flowers pedicellate, in cymes. Corolla glabrous outside___---___________________ 4, E. argentifolium. Corolla pubescent outside_ eee eee 5. E. conzattii. 1. Exogonium luteum House, Bull. Torrey Club 85: 103. pl. 2, f. c. 1908. Type from Cuesta de Chiquihuetlin, Oaxaca, altitude 990 meters. Stems minutely pubescent; leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent; cymes long-pedunculate, many-flowered: corolla 3 to 5 em. long. 2. Exogonium bracteatum (Cav.) Choisy; Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 264. 1838. Ipomoea bracteata Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 51. pl. 447. 1799. Ipomoea spicata H. B. K. Nov Gen. & Sp. 3: 112. 1819. Ipomoea cincta Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 254. 1819. Convolvulus obvallatus Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 595. 1825. Erogonium olivae Barcena, Viaje Cav. Cacahuam. 29. 1874. Convolvulus bractifiorus Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 23. 1887. Baja California to Chihuahua, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Mazatlin (Guerrero ?). Woody vine, glabrous throughout ; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 9 cm. long, long- acuminate; flowers racemose, the bracts reniform, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, imbricate, obtuse or acute, prominently veined; corolla 3 to 3.5 em. long. “ Jfcama” (Sonora) ; “bejuco blanco” (Sinaloa); “azalea de la barranca” (Jalisco) ; “carnestolenda ” (Guerrero, Langlassé); “ gallinitas del cerro,” “ empada- nilla” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “flor de candelaria” (Guerrero). When in flower the plant is very showy, rivaling Bougainvillea, which it strongly suggests. The leaves are usually but not always absent at the time of flowering. The roots are large, watery, and sweet, and they are often eaten along the Pacific coast, either raw or cooked. The plant is illustrated by Hernandez.’ Exogonium bracteatum pubescens (Robins. & Greenm.) House,? described from Guadalajara, is a pubescent form. * Thesaurus 388. 1651. * Bull. Torrey Club 35: 101. 1908. Ipomoea bracteata pubescens Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160. 1895. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1203 3. Exogonium velutifolium House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 100. 1908. Type from west side of Valley of Cuicatlin, Oaxaca. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, densely pubescent ; bracts linear-lanceolate; corolla crimson, 3 cm. long, glabrous. 4, Exogonium argentifolium (A. Rich.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 102. 1908. Ipomoea argentifolia A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 131. 1850. Puebla and Oaxaca. Cuba; type from Isle of Pines. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 2 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, acute or rounded at base, whitish-tomentose or finally glabrate; cymes many-flowered ; corolla about 4.5 em. long. 5, Exogonium conzattii (Greenm.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 102. 1908. Ipomoea conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 258. 1907. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Almoloyas, Guerrero. Cymes many-flowered, the pedicels white-tomentose; sepals tinged with red, obtuse; corolla about 3 cm. long. 7. IPOMOEA L. Sp. PL 159. 1753. REFERENCE: House, The North American species of the genus Ipomoea, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 181-263. 1908. Plants erect or scandent, usually herbaceous but sometimes woody; leaves entire, dentate, or lobate, sometimes digitately compound; flowers solitary, racemose, or cymose; sepals membranaceous or herbaceous; corolla usually funnelform, the limb spreading; stamens included; ovary 2 to 5-celled. Numerous herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico. The best-known representative of the genus is the sweet-potato (“‘camote”), Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., which is widely cultivated in Mexico. Other species, known as “ morning-glories,” or in Spanish as “campanilla,” are often grown as orna- mental vines because of their beautiful flowers. Plants erect, stout; leaves usually not cordate at base. Plants large shrubs or trees; leaves entire. Corolla pink or purple; seeds densely black-hairy_----- 1. I. crassicaulis. Corolla white; seeds white-hairy only on the angles. Corolla and sepals densely lanate outside---------- 2, I. murucoides. Corolla and sepals glabrous or pubescent, not lanate. Leaves densely pubescent beneath, with prominent venation. Leaves mostly ovate, cordate at base---------- 8. I. arborescens. Leaves mostly lance-oblong, rounded at base__4. I, cuernavacensis. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly 80, the venation not prominent. Sepals hairy within, 12 to 16 mm. long_---------- 5. I. intrapilosa. Sepals glabrous within, 8 to 12 mm. long. Leaves mostly 7 to 13 cm. long------------~---- 6, I. wolcottiana. Leaves 2 to 4 cm. long_----------------------------- 7. I. calva. Plants low, 30 to 60 cm. high, fruticose only at base; leaves often trilobate. 8. I. ciervensis. Plant scandent; leaves usually cordate at base. Sepals herbaceous, often elongate; ovary usually 3-celled. Inflorescence capitate or leafy-bracted. Stems minutely pubescent or tomentose. Leaves silvery-sericeous beneath; stems tomentose____9. I. maireti. Leaves glabrate beneath; stems nearly glabrous_---10. I. invicta. 1204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems hirsute. Corolla 7 to 9 em. long Corolla 4 to 6 cm. long. = o 11, I. lambii. Pubescence of the stems retrorse__...__ | 12. I. hirtiflora. Pubescence of the stems spreading_____--_-_ 13. I. igualensis. Inflorescence cymose, the bracts inconspicuous______ 14, I. ampullacea. Sepals coriaceous or membranaceous, not elongate; ovary usually 2 or 4- celled. Seeds with long dorsal or marginal hairs, these longer than the seed or the seeds covered with long hairs. Inflorescence racemose; seeds covered on all surfaces with long hairs. 15. I. bombycina. Inflorescence cymose; seeds with dorsal or marginal hairs only. Sepals hirsute, tomentose, or sericeous. Sepals hirsute_..--------e 16. I. crinita. Sepals tomentose or sericeous. Corolla white-.--------ee ee 17. I. praecana. Corolla purple__-_--_---- 18. I. carnea, Sepals glabrous or nearly so. Sepals about 7mm. long__-------- 19. I. populina. Sepals 10 to 20 mm. long_------ 20. I. scopulorum. Seeds glabrous or finely pubescent. Sepals very unequal. Sepals cuspidate. ween 21. I. purpusi. Stems glabrous__---__.---- 22. I. jicama. Sepals obtuse or acutish. Leaves subsessile...) 23. I. sagittula. Leaves long-petiolate. Leaves 3 or 5-lobate-.--- 24, I. vulsa. Leaves entire or dentate. Corolla yellow_-_.-.--- 25. I. lindenii. Corolla white or purple. Corolla white, 4 to 5 em. long_—_-_- 26. I. anisomeres, Corolla purple, 2 cm. long... 27. I. oligantha. Sepals equal or nearly so. Corolla salverform____------ 28. I. chenopodiifolia. Corolla funnelform or campanuwlate-funnelform. Corolla blue or purple... 29. I. morelii. Corolla white. Leaves rounded at base__------- 30. I. robinsonii. Leaves cordate at base____..__- 31. I. dimorphophylla. 1. Ipomoea crassicaulis ( Benth.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 530. 1916. Batatas crassicaulis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 184. 1844. Tpomoea jistulosa Mart. ; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 349, 1845. Ipomoea texana Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 45. 1890. Sinaloa to Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas, probably only naturalized northward. Texas; Central and South America. Shrub, usually 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-cordate to lance-cordate, 8 to 26 cm. long, long-acuminate, minutely puberulent or glabrous, entire; co- rolla 5 to 8 cm. long. “ Hiedra de la India” (Sinaloa) ; “barés” ( Tamaulipas, Wooton); “palo santo de Castilla” (Sinaloa); “chileo,” “ campanilla,” “campanola” (El Salvador). It is reported from Brazil that the leaves are poisonous to goats. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1205 2. Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 248. 1819. Convolvulus macranthus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 95. 1819. Ipomoea macrantha Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 267. 1838. Not I. macrantha Roem. & Schult. 1819. Michoacin to Oaxaca, Puebla, Mexico, and Querétaro; type from Guana- juato. Guatemala. Large or small tree, the branchlets densely white-tomentose; leaves oblong- lanceolate, 7 to 20 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at base, long-acuminate, entire, tomentose or glabrate beneath; sepals 2 to 2.8 em. long; corolla 7 to 8 cm. long. ‘Palo del muerto ” (Mexico, Oaxaca); “ micaquahuitl ” (Nahuatl) ; “‘ casahuate,” “ cazazuate ” (Mexico, Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl cuau-zahuatl, “mangy-tree”’) ; “ Arbol del muerto” (Morelos, Mexico) ; “ casahuate prieto ” (Morelos) ; “palo bobo * (Morelos, Oaxaca, Querétaro) ; “palo de ozote,” “ ozote” (Oaxaca) ; “cazahuate blanco,” “ frbol del venado” (Seler) ; “ siete camisas,” “siete pellejos,” “ tutumuste” (Guatemala, Pittier). The vernacular names doubtless apply also to the related species. A de- coction of the wood is employed locally in the form of baths as a remedy for paralysis, The juice is milky. The ashes are employed in Guatemala as a substitute for soap in washing clothes. The fallen flowers are eaten by deer. 3. Ipomoea arborescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 4: 267. 1838. Convolvulus arborescens Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. PL 1: 204. 1809. Argyreia oblonga Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 133. 1844. Convolvulus quahutzehuatl Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 23. 1887. Ipomoea murucoides glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 107. 1891. Sonora, Sinaloa, Morelos, and Veracruz. El Salvador. Large tree with smooth white bark; leaves 8 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or acute; sepals 6 to 10 mm. long, pubescent on both sides; corolla about 5 cm. long; seeds black. “Palo blanco * (Sonora, Sinaloa) ; “palo del muerto,” ‘ casa- huate,” “ quauhzahuatl,” “ casahuate blanco” (Morelos) ; “ palo santo” (So- nora) ; “palo bobo” (Morelos, El Salvador) ; “tutumushte,” “ siete pellejos,” “siete camisas” (El Salvador). When in flower the tree is a very showy one. It blooms when leafless, In some localities it forms extensive forests known as “ casahuateras.” In Mo- relos there is a popular belief that the tree causes imbecility and other cerebral affections, and for this it is necessary only to drink the water running at the foot of the trees. It is reputed also to be poisonous to horses and cattle. In Sinaloa the bark is used as a remedy for bites of rattlesnakes and other poisonous animals, and for diseases of the spleen. 4, Ipomoea cuernavacensis House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 410. 1907. Convolvulus arboreus Sessé & Moc. PL. Nov. Hisp. 23. 1887. Not 0. arboreus Balb. 1841. Type from Cuernavaca. Similar to J. arborescens; leaves 10 to 16 cm. long, acuminate. Probably only a variant of I, arborescens. 5. Ipomoea intrapilosa Rose, Gard. & For. 7: 367. 1894. Ipomoea murucoides glabrata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 440. 1887. Sonora to Oaxaca, Morelos, Zacatecas, and Durango; type from Chapala, Jalisco. Large or small tree, nearly glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 25 cm. long, acute to attenuate, obtuse to truncate at base; corolla 4 to 5 cm. long, the limb 7 to 8 cm. proad. ‘“ Cazahuate blanco” (Jalisco) ; “ palo blanco ” (Durango) ; “ palo bobo,” “ zozote” (Jalisco) ; “ pijaro bobo” (Oaxaca). 79688—24——24 1206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. Ipomoea wolcottiana Rose, Gard. & For. 7: 367. 1894. Colima to Chiapas and Morelos; type from Manzanillo, Colima. Small or medium-sized tree; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, obtuse to long- acuminate, rounded to subcordate at base; corolla 6 to 7 em. long. “ PAjaro bobo” (Chiapas) ; “ acote” (Colima). A decoction of the bark is used as a remedy for kidney diseases. 7. Ipomoea calva House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 410. f. 1. 1907. Type from La Junta, Guerrero. Leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, obtuse at base; corolla about 5 em. long. Probably only a form of J. wolcottiana. 8. Ipomoea ciervensis Painter; House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 408, 1907. Type from Hacienda del Ciervo, Querétaro, Stems erect, suffrutescent at base, stout, 30 to 60 cm. high, densely pubescent ; leaves sessile or nearly so, elliptie or elliptic-ovate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, often shallowly trilobate; peduncles 1-flowered ; corolla white, about 6 cm. long, white-pilose outside. 9. Ipomoea maireti Choisy in DC. Proadr. 9: 374. 1845. Tepic and Durango to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Guatemala. Stems suffrutescent below; leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acumi- nate, entire, pilosulous or glabrate above; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered, the bracts large, ovate; sepals about 2 em. long; corolla 7 to 10 em. long, pink or blue. 10. Ipomoea invicta House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 18: 193. 1908. Type from San Sebastian, Jalisco. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 8 to 14 cm. long, acuminate or cuspidate, glabrate above, entire; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered, nearly as long as the leaves; bracts large, colored; corolla about 6 cm. long, blue. 11. Ipomoea lambii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 535. 1895. Type from Zopilote, Tepic. Stems retrorse-hirsute; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acumi- nate, often 3-lobate; peduncles elongate, 2 to 4-flowered; corolla rose-purple. 12. Ipomoea hirtiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 264. 1845, Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Leaves rounded-cordate 6 to 17 em. long, often 3-lobate, sericeous beneath, hirsute above; peduncles about as long as the leaves, several-flowered ; corolla purple, hirsute. 13. Ipomoea igualensis Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 427. 1910. Type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 760 meters. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, hirsute, entire; peduncles elongate, 3-flowered ; sepals 13 mm. long; corolla pale purple. 14. Ipomoea ampullacea Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 33: 89. 1897. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Woody vine, the stems retrorse-hispidulous; leaves rounded-cordate, acute, entire or trilobate, appressed-hirsutulous; corolla white, about 6 cm. long, ap- pressed-setulose; seeds finely pubescent. 15. Ipomoea bombycina (Choisy) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 884. 1882. Bombycospermum mexicanum Presl, Relig. Haenk. 2: 137. pl. 71, 1886. Batatas bombycina Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 340, 1845, Guerrero. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1207 Large woody vine; leaves ovate or elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrate above, sericeous beneath, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; racemes many-flowered ; sepals 4 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; corolla 4.5 em. long, purplish, sericeous. 16. Ipomoea crinita T. 3. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905. Type from Culiacin, Sinaloa. Stems woody below, hirsute; leaves 3-lobate; peduncles longer than the leaves, several-flowered ; sepals 7 mm. long; corolla white, about 6.5 cm. long. 17. Ipomoea praecana House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 227. 1908. Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Reyes, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Large woody vine, the young branches white-tomentose ; leaves suborbicular, § to 22 em. long, subcordate at base, tomentose beneath; peduncles short, 8 to 5-flowered; corolla ‘white, 6 to 9 cm. long. 18. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760. Yucatiin. West Indies; Central and South America ; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Stout woody vine; leaves rounded-cordate, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent beneath; peduncles short, few or many-flowered ; corolla about 8 cm. long. 19. Ipomoea populina House, Ann. N. Y¥. Acad. Sci. 18: 226. 1908. Guerrero; type from Acapulco. Stems woody, glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous ; peduncles elongate, several-flowered; corolla white, tinged below with magenta, 6 cm. long. 20. Ipomoea scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 169. 1903. Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Cape Region of Baja California. Stems suffrutescent below; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 7 cm. long, acute, pubescent ; peduncles 1 to few-flowered; corolla white, 6 to 8 cm. long. 21. Ipomoea purpusi House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 248. 1908. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, deeply trilobate, 5 to 8 cm. long, densely ap- pressed-hirsute ; peduncles elongate, 1 to 5-flowered; corolla about 3 cm. long. 22. Ipomoea jicama T. 3. Brandeg. Bull. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 188. 1889. Baja California. Glabrous vine with slender woody stems; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, small, acute or acuminate, entire or dentate; corolla 5 to 6 cm. long. ‘“ Jfcama.” 23. Ipomoea sagittula House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 244. 1908. Type collected between San Sebastiéin and Las Palmas, Jalisco. Slender woody vine, glabrous or nearl¥ so; leaves oblong-sagittate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, mucronate ; peduncles slender, 1 to 5-flowered ; corolla white, about 3 em. long. 24, Ipomoea vulsa House, Muhlenbergia 3: 45. pl. 1, f. A, 0. 1907. Type from Orizaba, Veracruz. Glabrous vine; leaves with oblong or obovate-lanceolate, obtuse lobes; pe- duncles elongate, 1 or 2-flowered; corolla purplish, 8 to 4 cm. long. 25. Ipomoea lindenii Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 264. 1845. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Glabrous woody vine; leaves ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, shallowly eordate at base; peduncles short, 1 to 3-flowered; corolla 3 to 5 cm. long. 1208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 26. Ipomoea anisomeres Robins. & Bartl. Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 57. 1907. Puebla. Guatemala; type from Gualan. Glabrous vine; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 11 cm long, acute; peduncles elon- gate, many-flowered; corolla 6.5 to 7 cm. long, white with purple throat. 27. Ipomoea oligantha Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 880, 1845. Oaxaca. South America; type from Peru. Stems puberulent; leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, caudate-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, the basal lobes acute; peduncles 3 to 5-flowered. 28. Ipomoea chenopodiifolia (Mart. & Gal.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 385. 1882. Calonyction chenopodiifolium Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 269. 1845. Type from Juquila, Jalisco. Stems woody, muricate, hirsute; leaves 8 to 12 em. long, pilose beneath, hastate at base; peduncles short, 1-flowered; corolla purple, 5 to 8 em. long. 29. Ipomoea morelii Duchass. & Walp. Linnaea 23: 752. 1850. Chiapas. Panama (type locality) and Colombia. Glabrous vine, the stems often woody; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 9 em. long, long-acuminate, often hastate-lobate; peduncles elongate, 1 to 5-flowered ; corolla 5 to 6 cm. long. 30. Ipomoea robinsonii House, Ann. N. Y. Acad, Sci. 18: 257, 1908, Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Woody glabrous vine; leaves elliptic-oblong, 6 to 8 em. long, obtuse; peduncles short, 1-flowered; corolla 6 to 8 cm. long. 31. Ipomoea dimorphophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 83: 482. 1898, Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Slender vine, fruticose below, more or less pubescent; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 10 cm. long, entire or lobate; peduncles short, 1 or several-flowered ; corolla 6 to 8 em. long. 8. TURBINA Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 81. 1836. 1. Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 81. 1836. Convolvulus corymbosus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 923. 1759. Convolvulus sidaefolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 99. 1819. Ipomoea sidaefolia Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Gendve 6: 459. 1833. Ipomoea antillana Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 84. 1900. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical America. Woody vine; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 4 to 8 cm. long, short-acuminate, entire, glabrous or pubescent ; peduncles few or many-flowered, sepals scarious, about 1 cm. long; corolla white, campanulate, 2 to 3 em. long; stamens included; seed 1, finely pubescent. “ Pascua,” “flor de Pascua” (Tabasco) ; “aguinaldo de Pascua” (Cuba); “ campanilla ” (El Salvador). 143. POLEMONIACEAE. Jacob’s-ladder Family. REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV, 250. 1907. Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, entire, dentate, pinnatifid, or palmatifid; flowers perfect, terminal or axillary; calyx 5-lobate, inferior; corolla gamopetalous; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; style filiform, with 3 stigmas; fruit a capsule, 3-celled, luculicidal. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1209 Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Corolla regular, not bilabiate____------------+------------------- 1. GILIA. Corolla bilabiate. Calyx whitish-membranceous below the sinuses--—---------- 2. LOESELIA. Calyx green, herbaceous__-~-~------------------------- 3. BONPLANDIA., 1. GILIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 25. 1794. Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or divided; flowers solitary or in thyrsiform panicles; corolla usually salverform, the limb 5-lobate; stigmas 3, filiform; capsule loculicidally 3-valvate. Numerous herbaceous species occur in northern Mexico. Leaves alternate. Leaves linear, entire_____---------------------------------- 1. G. palmeri. Leaves pinnatifid. Lobes of the corolla much longer than the tube------------ 2. G. rigidula. Lobes of the corolla shorter than the tube-------------- 3. G. gloriosa. Leaves opposite. Lobes of the leaves linear, not rigid_---__.__-------------- 4, G. floribunda. Lobes of the leaves acerose, rigid______-__------------------ 5. G. veatchii. 1. Gilia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 61. 1889. Baja California; type from Los Angeles Bay. Plants essentially annual but sometimes becoming suffrutescent below, pubescent; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less; flowers slender-pedicellate; corolla violaceous, about 1 cm. long. 2. Gilia rigidula Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9: 312. 1845. Gilia rigidula acerosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 280. 1870. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf, Zacatecas, and Durango. Western Texas to Arizona; type from San Antonio, Texas. Plants 30 cm. high or less, usually herbaceous but often woody; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the lobes linear or acerose, sharp-pointed; corolla blue, 3.5 em. broad or less, the tube very short. Gilia rigidula acerosa is a form with acerose, very stiff leaf segments. 3. Gilia gloriosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 184. pl. 9. 1889. Baja California; type from Ubi. Densely branched shrub, about 1 meter high, forming broad rounded clumps, glandular-pubescent ; leaves rigid, the lobes acerose; corolla 3 to 4 em, long, pale pink or nearly white. 4, Gilia floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 267. 1870. Mountains of Baja California and Chihuahua. New Mexico to southern California. Plants about 80 em. high, fruticose at base, slender, pubescent; leaves parted to the base, the lobes 2 cm. long or less, spreading or reflexed ; flowers corymbose-cymose at the ends of the branches; corolla white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 5. Gilia veatchii Parry; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 198. 1885. Cedros Island, Baja California. Densely branched shrub, 60 cm. high or less, with shredded bark; leaves parted to the base, 7 mm. long or less, glandular-pubescent ; corolla about 1 cm. long, ochroleucous, purplish outside. 1210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. LOESELIA L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753. Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or often woody, at least at base; leaves alternate or opposite, entire, pinnatifid, or dentate; flowers axillary ; corolla more or less bilabiate, tubular or salverform; style exserted; seeds 3 to many. The species listed here are the only ones known. Leaves narrewly linear and entire, or pinnatifid into linear lobes; bracts in- conspicuous. Leaves pinnatifid___..___.___-.__--____-_------ ee 1. L. havardii. Leaves entire. Stamens exserted_____._____________-_- ee 2. L. tenuifolia. Stamens not exserted. Corolla tube much exceeding the calyx. -__-_____________ 3. L. guttata. Corolla tube scarcely exceeding the calyx_________________ 4, L. effusa. Leaves broader than linear or, if linear, dentate; bracts large and conspicuous. Corolla normally red____---_____--________~___--___-__ 5. L. mexicana. Corolla blue or white. . Flowers solitary______--___________-__ ee 6. L. pumila. Flowers mostly in several-flowered inflorescences. Bracts scarious, not green, entire--__._._.___..--.________ 7. L. purpusii. Bracts green and herbaceous or, if scarious, dentate. Bracts all linear-lanceolate______-_--__--_--_______ 8. L. glandulosa. Bracts all or mostly ovate. Leaves mostly cordate-clasping__.________________ 9. L. amplectens. Leaves not cordate-clasping. Stamens pilose___-_------_____--__--~_-___--____ 10. L. scariosa. Stamens glabrous. Flowers partly solitary and partly in 2 to 4-flowered ra- COM@s8 2 11. L. caerulea. Flowers capitate____-__----___-_--_--___--__--__ 12. L. ciliata, 1, Loeselia havardii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 87. 1883. Gilia havardii A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 21: 411. 1886. Western Texas, the type from Presidio del Norte, on the Rio Grande, and doubtless occurring on the Mexican side of the river. Plants perennial, fruticose below, villous; lobes of the leaves sharp-pointed ; flowers pedicellate; corolla purplish, 12 mm. long, the tube twice as long as the calyx. 2. Loeselia tenuifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 86. 1875. Gilia tenuifolia A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 2": 411. 1886. Southern California, the type from the Cantillas Mountains, and doubtless extending into northern Baja California. Plants 30 cm. high or less, woody at base, nearly glabrous; leaves about 15 mm. long; flowers pedicellate; corolla red, about 2 cm. long, the tube more than twice as long as the calyx, the lobes tridentate. 3. Loeselia guttata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 302. 1885. Gilia guttata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 411 1886. Type from northern Baja California. Plants 40 cm. high or less, woody at base, glabrous; corolla purplish, 15 to 20 mm. long, the lobes tridentate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1211 4. Loeselia effusa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 86. 1875. Gilia dunnii Kellogg, Pacif. Rural Press, May 31, 1879. Northern Baja California. Southern California. Plants 30 cm. high or less, nearly glabrous ; leaves about 8 mm. long; corolla purplish, 12 mm. long, the lobes entire. 5. Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 174. 1907. Hoitzia mexicana Lam. Encycel. 3: 134. 1789. Hoitzia coccinea Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 44. pl. 865. 1797. Cantua hoitzia Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 878. 1797. Loeselia coccinea Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 247, 1837. Chihuahua and Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Puebla, and San Luis Potost. Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, glandular-pubescent ; leaves subsessile, lanceo- late to lance-ovate, obtuse or acute, cuneate at base, sharply serrate; flowers solitary; corolla about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes entire, much shorter than the tube; calyx lobes entire “ Huachichile” “huichichile,” ‘ guachichile 7 (Sinaloa, Aguascalientes, J alisco, San Luis Potosi, Durango; from the Nahuatl huitzitzil-rochitl, “ hummingbird-flower ”); “espinosilla ” (Guanajuato, Queré- taro, Mexico, Tepic, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca); “hierba de San Antonio” (Durango) ; “intzquilitzin ” (Seler) ; “ flor del chupamirto,” “ flor de colibri ” (Robelo); “cuachile” (Ramirez) ; “chuparrosa” (Mexico); “ huicicilo ” (Ramtrez) ; “ mirto silvestre ” (Ramirez) ; “ huitzizilin ” (Mexico, Bdarcena) ; “hierba de la virgen” (Flores). The shrub is a handsome one when in full flower. A form with yellow flowers, growing about the City of Mexico, is L. mexicana lutea Brand. A specimen from Tlaxcala is said to have nearly white flowers. A decoction of the leaves is much used in Mexico as a remedy for fevers, and is said to have emetic, purgative, diuretic, and sudorific properties. It is employed also as a wash to prevent falling of the hair. The plant is said to contain an alkaloid, loeseline. The early inhabitants used the plant like soap, crushing it in water until a suds was formed. 6. Loeselia pumila (Mart. & Gal.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 527. 1846. Hoitzia pumila Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 12?: 275. 1845. Loeselia intermedia Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 567. 1899. San Luis Potosi to Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Plants glandular-pilose, annual but sometimes suffrutescent, 45 cm. high or less; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to broadly ovate; calyx lobes 5-dentate ; corolla blue or bluish, about 1 cm. long, the lobes entire. 7. Loeselia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 8: 389. 1909. Type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Small shrub, sparsely puberulent; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute, cuneate at base, sharply serrate, lustrous, subsessile; calyx lobes minutely serrulate; corolla about 2 cm. long, pale purple. 8. Loeselia glandulosa (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 248. 1837. Hoitzia glandulosa Cav. Icon, PI. 4: 45. pl. 367. 1797. Hoitzia cervantesit H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 128. 1819. Hoitzia conglomerata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 128. 1819. Hoitzia capitata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 370. 1819. Hoitzia spicata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 370. 1819. Hoitzia nepetifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 385. 1831. 1In Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 176. 1907. 2See Marcial Oropeza, La espinosilla, Naturaleza 3: 3-7. 1876. 1212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Hoitzia elata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841. Hoitzia ramosissima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 273. 1845. Hoitzia scabra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 122: 274, 1845. Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Chiapas. Southern Arizona; Guatemala to Colombia and Venezuela. Plants pubescent or glabrate, annual but often suffrutescent, slender, 1 meter high or less; leaves lanceolate or ovate, sharply serrate, short-petiolate; corolla bluish, about 15 mm. long. “ Verbena” (Chiapas); “ clarincillo Silvestre” (Guatemala). Brand separates several varieties, which differ chiefly in pubescence. 9. Loeselia amplectens (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9: 320, 1845. Hoitzia amplectens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841. Loeselia cordifolia Hemsl. & Rose in Hook. Icon. Pl. 26: pl. 2551. 1899. Tepic to Guerrero; type collected between San Blas and Tepic. Plants slender, puberulent or glabrate, chiefly herbaceous; leaves ovate- cordate or lance-cordate, sessile, serrate, prominently veined; bracts large and leaflike; corolla white or purplish, about 15 mm. long. 10. Loeselia scariosa (Mart. & Gal.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 527. 1846. Hoitzia scariosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122; 274. 1845. Loeselia greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 117. 1883. Chihuahua and Coahuila to Puebla; type from Puebla. Plants slender, pubescent, suffrutescent ; leaves oblong to ovate, sessile or short-petiolate, aristate-dentate, cuneate at base; corolla bluish or pink, about. 1 cm. long. “ Huachichile ” (Coahuila). Palmer reports that in Coahuila the plant is used as a remedy for ague. 11. Loeselia caerulea (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 248, 1887. Hoitzia caerulea Cay. Icon. Pl. 4: 45. pl. 366. 1797. Loeselia rupestris Benth. in DO. Prodr. 9: 319. 1845. Hoitzia floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12’: 275. 1845. Chihuahua to Jalisco and Oaxaca. Plants pubescent, annual but often suffrutescent, 45 em. high or less; leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, sessile, dentate; bracts purplish-reticulate; corolla blue, 10 to 12 mm. long. “ Banderilla,” “jarritos,” “ guachichil” (Brand). 12. Loeselia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. 628, 1753. Hoitzia aristata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 128. 1819. Hoitzia loeselia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825, Loeselia involucrata Don, Hist. Dich. Pl. 4: 248. 1837. Hoitzia lupulina Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841. Baja California to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Guerrero; type from Veracruz. Central America. Plants pubescent or glabrate, slender, annual but sometimes suffrutescent ; leaves mostly ovate or broadly ovate, petiolate, dentate; bracts large and leaflike, cordate, aristate-dentate; corolla blue or white, about 1 cm. long. “ Lenteja,” “lentejilla” (El Salvador). Loeselia involucrata is maintained by Brand as distinct from L. ciliata, the two with L. amplectens forming a “species collectiva.” He states that in L. ciliata the outer bracts are cordate but not clasping, while in L. involucrata they are deeply cordate-clasping. There does not appear to be any essential difference between the two forms. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 12138 3. BONPLANDIA Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 181. 1800. Plants suffrutescent, viscid-pubescent ; lower leaves alternate, the upper Op- posite; flowers geminate, pedicellate; calyx green, corolla bilabiate, the lobes equaling or shorter than the tube; stamens exerted ; capsule 1 to 3-seeded. Only two species are known. Leaves linear or pinnate-lobate, with linear lobes_------------- 1. B. linearis. Leaves and their lobes lanceolate or broader_-------------- 2. B. geminiflora. 1. Bonplandia linearis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 24. 1907. Type from Coru, Michoacan, altitude 1,800 meters; perhaps also in Durango. Plants glandular-pilose; upper leaves linear, the lower pinnatifid into linear lobes; corolla purplish, about 2 cm. long. 2. Bonplandia geminifiora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 131. 1800. Caldasia heterophylla Willd. Hort. Berol. pl. 71. 1807. Sinaloa to San Luis Potosf, Morelos, and Michoacin. Guatemala. Plants a meter high or less, suffrutescent, ill-scented; lower leaves ovate or lanceolate, lyrate-pinnatifid, serrate, acuminate, petiolate; corolla purplish, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, glabrous. 144, HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Waterleaf Family. REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 251, 1913. Shrubs or small trees, or usually herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, simple (in the genera here listed) ; flowers perfect, regular, terminal and axillary, often in scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-parted, inferior, often accrescent in fruit; corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobate; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; styles 1 or 2, the stigmas 2, capitate; fruit a capsule, bivalvate, 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentae. Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Stamens equal in length; leaves mostly 10 cm. wide or more; plants usually with stinging hairs aos = 1, WIGANDIA. Stamens unequal; leaves much smaller; plants without stinging hairs. Capsule crustaceous; leaves often dentate and glutinous__2. ERIODICTYON. Capsule membranaceous; leaves entire, not glutinous____3. CONANTHUS. 1. WIGANDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 127. 1819. Shrubs, trees, or large herbs; leaves very large, simple; flowers in scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-parted to base; corolla funnelform-campanulate; stamens slightly exserted; styles 2, elongate; ovules very numerous; seeds more or less winged. Style only slightly longer than the calyx_----------------- 1. W. caracasana. Style twice as long as the calyx. Stems usually hispid with stinging hairs; calyx hispid__-.---2. W. kunthii. Stems tomentose; calyx not hispid __ __3. W. scorpioides. 1. Wigandia caracasana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 100. 1819. Wigandia macrophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 382. 1831. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Mexico, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Colombia and Venezuela; type from Caracas, Venezuela. Plants 3 meters high or less, densely pubescent and usually hispid; leaves ovate to oval, 40 cm. long or less, obtuse, subcordate at base, coarsely crenate, tomentose beneath; sepals 10 to 15 mm. long; corolla purplish, longer than the 1214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. sepals. “ Hoja de San Pablo,” “palo de San Pablo,” “San Pablo” (Oaxaca), “tabaco cimarrén” (Seler) ; “chocén” (Guatemala) ; “tabaquillo” (EI Sal- vador) ; “ pringamoza” (Colombia). 2. Wigandia kunthii Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 116, 1883. Sinaloa and Durango to Chiapas. Central America. Shrub or tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves oval or rounded, 40 cm. long or less, rounded or obtuse at apex, cordate at base, coarsely crenate, tomentose beneath; sepals 6 to 10 mm. long; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, bluish or white; capsule hispid. ‘ Quemadora ” (Jalisco, Sinaloa); “ortiga” (Jalisco, Michoacin, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Mexico, Costa Rica); “tabaco cimarrén ” (Mexico, Puebla); “ortiga grande” (Guanajuato, Oaxaca); “sosa” (Ramirez); “ortiga prieta,” “ chichicastle” (Brand); “tabacén” (El Salvador). The long hairs sting the skin painfully like those of a nettle. The plant has been employed in Mexico as a remedy for syphilitic affections, and a decoction of the leaves in Costa Rica for rheumatism. 3. Wigandia scorpioides Choisy in DC. Prodr. 10: 184. 1846. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Small tree, the young branches densely white-tomentose; leaves ovate-oval or rounded-oval, 80 cm. long or less, rounded at apex, cordate at base, crenate or crenate-lobate, very densely whitish-tomentose beneath ; sepals about 1 cm. long, the corolla about twice as long. “Consuelda mayor ” (Urbina). - 2. ERIODICTYON Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 35. 1844. REFERENCE: Abrams & Smiley, Taxonomy and distribution of Eriodictyon, Bot. Gaz. 60: 115-183. 1915. Shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate, reticulate-veined; flowers in Scorpioid racemes; calyx 5-parted to base; corolla funnelform or subcampanu- late, pubescent ; stamens included, barbate at base; styles 2; ovules 6 to 7 on each placenta. The species are known in California as “hierba santa.” The dried leaves are official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and are used in the treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and inflammation of the genito-urinary tract. They contain two aromatic resins and tannic acid. The plants have long been employed in California as a bitter tonic and a stimulant balsamic ex- pectorant, and sometimes as a remedy for rheumatism. The Coahuilla Indians of southern California applied the leaves as poultices to sores upon men and beasts, and bathed sore parts or fatigued limbs with a decoction of the plant. Leaves sessile, usually hirsute on the upper surface_______ 1. E. sessilifolium. Leaves petiolate, not hirsute. Branches tomentose, tardily if ever glabrate 2. E. lanatum. Branches glabrous except sometimes in the inflorescence. Leaves linear-lanceolate, not revolute; calyx densely pubescent. 3. E. trichocalyx. Leaves narrowly linear, revolute; calyx sparsely pubescent. 4. E. angustifolium. 1. Eriodictyon sessilifolium Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 201. 1885. Northern Baja California ; type from Bahfa de Todos Santos. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches hirsute; leaves oblong or lance- oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, obtuse or acute, truncate or cordate at base, coarsely dentate, white-tomentose beneath ; corolla lilac-purple, 12 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1215 2. Eriodictyon lanatum (Brand) Abrams, Bot. Gaz. 60: 126. 1915. Eriodictyon californicum subsp. australe var. lanatum Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 251: 142. 1913. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type collected between Campo and Jacumba. Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute at each end, subrevolute, entire or dentate, white-tomentose beneath ; corolla pale purplish blue or nearly white, 7 to 8 mm. long. 3. Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 108. 1904. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Bernardino Mountains. Glutinous shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, acute at base and apex, coarsely dentate or sometimes entire, tomentulose beneath ; corolla white, 5 to 6 mm. long. 4. Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. If. 2: 181. 1848. Mountains of Baja California. Arizona, Utah, and Nevada; type from Arizona. Glutinous shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrous above, white-tomentose beneath, entire; corolla about 5 mm. long. 3. CONANTHUS S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 256. 1871. Plants usually herbaceous but sometimes suffruticose ; leaves alternate, entire; flowers solitary or in scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-parted ; corolla cylindric, campanulate, or funnelform; styles 2, free or connate; ovules numerous. Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Styles connate. Leaves linear___----------------------- 1. C. stenophyllus. Styles distinct. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate--------------------------- 2, C. sericeus. Leaves linear. Corolla cylindric, 9 mm. long-----------------------~~~ 8. C. flavescens. Corolla salverform, 12 mm. long--------------—---------~~ 4. C. purpusii. 1. Conanthus stenophyllus (A. Gray) Standl. Nama stenophyllum A. Gray ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 361. 1882. Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potos{; type from San Lorenzo de la Laguna, Coahuila. Plants 30 cm. high or less, with thick woody branches below, pubescent ; leaves 10 to 17 mm. long; flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, in terminal leafy cymes; corolla 9 mm. long. 2. Conanthus sericeus (Willd.) Standl. Nama sericeum Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 189. 1820. Nama longiflorum Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 114. 1833. San Luis Potos{ and Hidalgo. Plants tall and slender, erect, the stems whitish-hirsutulous ; leaves 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute, whitish-sericeous especially beneath ; corolla 2 to 2.8 cm. long. 3. Conanthus flavescens (T. 8. Brandeg.) Standl. Nama flavescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 254. 1908. Coahuila; type from Parras. Plants suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or more, hirsute and glandular-viscid above: leaves 1.5 to 2 cm. long; sepals linear, 5 to 6 mm. long. 1216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Conanthus purpusii (T. 8. Brandeg.) Standl. Nama purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 186. 1911. Type from Movano, Coahuila. Plants suffrutescent, white-hirsute; leaves sessile, 2.5 cm. long or less, ob- tuse ; sepals linear, 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla bluish purple. 145. BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family, Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves estipulate, entire or toothed, alternate vr rarely opposite; flowers perfect, regular, usually in cymes, the branches com- monly scorpioid; calyx inferior, usually persistent, tubular or campanulate; corolla gamopetalous, subrotate to funnelform or Salverform, the limb com- monly 5-lobate; stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted on the corolla; ovary normally of 2 2-ovulate carpels, sometimes 4-celled; style entire or once or twice bifid; fruit drupaceous or of 4 nutlets. Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Style twice bifid-_.------ Reeser e eee ae 1, CORDIA. Style entire or once bifid. Flowers in cymes, these usually paniculate. Calyx closed in bud, in anthesis valvate, 2 to 5-lobate___2. BOURRERIA. Calyx not closed in bud, S-parted__....-- 3. EHRETIA. Flowers in scorpioid spikes or racemes, these often cymose, or the flowers in terminal heads or solitary or clustered in the axils. Flowers in terminal heads or solitary or clustered in the axils. 4. COLDENTIA. Flowers in scorpioid spikes or racemes. Fruit drupaceous_-.------- 5. TOURNEFORTIA. Fruit dry, separating into 2 or 4 nutlets_________ 6. HELIOTROPIUM. 1. CORDIA L. Sp. Pl. 190. 1753. Trees or shrubs; leaves mostly alternate, entire or dentate; flowers In cymes, heads, or spikes, small or large; calyx tubular or campanulate, often striate, 3 to 5-dentate; corolla funnelform, salverform, or campanulate, usually 4 to 6-lobate, sometimes with as many as 18 lobes; style twice bifid; fruit drupaceous, | The following vernacular names have been reported for plants of the genus whose specific identity is uncertain: “Palo negro” (Ramirez) ; “ euéramo ” (Michoacin) ; “ candelero ” (Tabasco) ; “ rosadillo ” (Oaxaca) ; “rasca-viejo” (Michoacfin). Calyx conspicuously 10-striate or sulcate. Calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, campanulate, Corolla tube exserted________ --------~-____.._1. C. alba. Corolla tube not exserted___...--- 2. C. diversifolia. Calyx 5 mm. long or more, usually cylindric. Leaves finely Stellate-pubescent beneath... 3. C. alliodora. Leaves 1 to 8 em. long. Leaves entire. 4. C. seleriana. wae ene 5. C. greggii. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1217 Leaves mostly 5 cm. long or much larger. Leaves densely pilose, tomentose, or sericeous beneath, even in age. Leaves densely whitish-sericeous beneath___----6. C. elaeagnoides. Leaves tomentose or pilose beneath with loose spreading hairs. Flowers 2 em. long_- oo _7. C. guerkeana. Flowers 2.5 to 4.5 em. long. Leaves densely tomentose beneath___--------~- 8. C. boissieri. Leaves hispidulous beneath with short, very stiff hairs. 9. C. morelosana. Leaves glabrous beneath in age except along the costa, or with small inconspicuous hairs along the veins. Calyx lobes subulate or narrowly deltoid, acute. 10. C. gerascanthus. Calyx lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, obtuse. Calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, minutely puberulent____11. C. igualensis. Calyx 9 to 14 mm. long, densely pubescent. , Slender portion of the corolla tube much exserted from the calyx eee ne = 12. C. tinifolia Slender portion of the corolla tube not or scarcely exserted. 13. C. sonorae, Calyx neither striate nor sulcate. Flowers in cymes. Corolla 12 to 16-lobate_____________-_--_____---------- 14. C. dodecandra. Corolla 5 to 8-lobate. Flowers 6 mm. long or less = _15. C. chiapensis. Flowers more than 1 cm. long. Calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; leaves tomentose beneath, at least when young__ ____16. C. microsebestena. Calyx 8 to 14 mm. long; leaves not tomentose beneath. Leaves setulose-hirtellous beneath; flowers mostly 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long fe eee eee ee 17. C. sebestena. Leaves minutely scaberulous or glabrate beneath; flowers less than 8 em. long------------------------------------ 4, C. seleriana. Flowers in spikes or globose heads. Flowers in dense globose heads. Leaves stellate-pubescent on the upper surface. Calyx lobes filiform _-—_+.....-_-._--.---_...---.-- 18. C. pringlei. Calyx lobes short, obtuse--__------------------------ 19. C. stellata. Leaves without stellate pubescence. Flower heads paniculate___._---_----------------- 20. C. corymbosa. Flower heads solitary. Calyx lobes subulate or filiform. Stems and peduncles hispid with spreading hairs. 21. C. urticacea. Stems and peduncles puberulent or tomentulose, often also ap- pressed-setulose. Corolla 1.5 em. long or less. Leaves sparsely strigose or strigillose-_.__.- 22. C. limicola. Leaves setose-scabrous_ ere oe 23. C. globosa. Corolla 2 em. long or more. Leaves acute or attenuate at base_._-_------ 24. C. perlonga. Leaves mostly obtuse or rounded at base. 25. C. appendiculata. 1218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Calyx lobes ovate or deltoid, acute or acuminate. Corolla 12 to 20 mm. long--_-__--____-________ 26. C. podocephala. Corolla 7 mm. long or less. Calyx lobes mucronate-acuminate_____________ 27. C. ambigua, Calyx lobes obtuse or merely acute_______________ 28. C. cana. Flowers in dense or interrupted spikes. Leaves ovate to broadly ovate or elliptic-_._-.______ 29. C. ferruginea, Leaves linear to oblong--______------_- 30. C. cylindrostachya. 1. Cordia alba (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 466. 1819. Varronia alba Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 14. 1760. Michoacin to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indies; Guate- mala to Colombia and Venezuela. Shrub or small tree, usually 4 to 8 meters high, with thick, brownish or grayish, fissured bark, the branchlets sparsely or densely setulose; leaves very variable in size and shape, mostly ovate to rounded and 5 to 12 cm. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, scabrous or smooth above, glabrate beneath in age; flowers in large open cymes; corolla white or yellow, about 1 cm. long; fruit white, about 1 cm. long. “ Zazamil” (Oaxaca, Guerrero) ; “ gulabere’” (Oaxaca) ; “vavos” (Seler) ; “uvita mocosa” (Colombia); “ varfa blanca,’ “ateje blanco,” ‘“atejo amarillo,” “uva gomosa,” “ capi blanca” (Cuba) ; “tigiiilote,” “ tigtiflote negro,” “cebito” (El Salvador); “ caujaro” (Colom- bia) ; “ uvillo,” “uvero,” “ goma” (Panama). The wood is said to be hard and strong, yellow, with a specific gravity of about 0.78, and to be used in carpentry. The leaves and flowers are reported te have emollient properties and to be used for treating affections of the chest. A decoction of the flowers is sometimes employed for inducing perspiration. In El Salvador a French physician formerly prepared from the charcoal a preparation which was much used for treating affections of the stomach. The fruit is employed in Oaxaca for coagulating indigo. It is white, trans- parent, mucilaginous, and extremely sweet, and is often eaten. The viscid juice is used in El Salvador for fastening the wrappers of cigars. 2. Cordia diversifolia Pavén; DC. Prodr. 9: 474. 1845. Sinaloa to Colima. Large shrub or small tree, the branchlets scabrous and sometimes hirsute; leaves obovate to rounded-obovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, broadly cuneate or obtuse at base, remotely mucronate-serrate above the base, scabrous above, setulose-scabrous beneath; flowers in small cymes, sessile, secund upon the branches; calyx tubular-campanulate, striate, 3 mm. long, scabrous, obtusely 5-dentate; corolla yellow, the lobes obtuse, reflexed, equal- ing or shorter than the calyx, the throat hirsute. 3. Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Cham. Linnaea 8: 121. 1833. Cordia gerascanthus Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 43. 1763. Not C. gerascanthus TL. 1759. Cerdana alliodora Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruy. Chil. 2: 47. pl. 184. 1799. Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South America. Tree, 7 to 20 meters high, the trunk 50 em. or more in diameter, the bark grayish, fissured; leaves mostly elliptic-oblong, 10 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate, finely stellate-pubescent, entire; flowers white, fragrant, in large panicles; calyx about 5 mm. long, the corolla twice as long; wood close- grained, the sapwood thick, light brown, the heartwood slightly darker, the specific gravity reported as ranging from 0.574 to 0.700. “ Bojon,” “ bojén blanco,” “ boj6n prieto” (Tabasco) ; “tambor” (Michoacin) ; “ hormiguero ” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1219 (Michoacin, Guerrero, Oaxaca) ; “ amapa prieta” (Sinaloa) ; “ palo de rosa” (Oaxaca, Cuba, Porto Rico) “palo Marfa” (Guerrero, Ramirez) ; “laurel” (Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras); “solera” (Co- lombia) ; “laurel macho” (Nicaragua) ; “ capé prieta” (Porto Rico, Cuba) ; “varia,” “capi roja” (Cuba); “canjaro,” “ pardillo” (Venezuela) ; “ suchi- cahue” (Reko); “frbol del ajo” (Peru); “laurel blanco ” (El Salvador) ; ‘“canalete” (Colombia). The wood is highly valued for carpenter and cabinet work, and is used for beams, flooring, ceiling, and finer work. The smaller branches are some- times employed for making barrel hoops. The forks of the young twigs are almost always enlarged by hollow swellings, which afford shelter for fierce ants, hence the name “ hormiguero.” The fruit is edible. A decoction of the leaves is employed as a tonic and stimulant, especially in the case of catarrh and affections of the lungs, and an ointment made with the pulverized seeds has been used in the West Indies as a remedy for cutaneous diseases. The fresh bark is reported to have an odor suggestive of garlic. 4. Cordia seleriana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 498. 1901. Michoacin to Oaxaca; type from Huilotepec, Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree; leaves ovate to suborbicular, scabrous or hispidulous ; cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, 1 cm. long or less; corolla white, 1.5 to 3 cm. long. 5. Cordia greggii Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 135. 1859. Cordia greggii palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 61. 1889. Cordia watsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 89. 1890. Baja California to Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, and Coahuila; type from Bolsén de Mapim{, Durango. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ovate or obovate, rounded or obtuse at apex, obtuse or acute at base, coarsely dentate, very. scabrous; flowers white, in few-flowered headlike cymes; calyx about 7 mm. long, the lobes subulate ; corolla 1.5 to 3 cm. long. “ Vara prieta” (Sinaloa) ; “ San Juanito ” (Durango, Sinaloa). A decoction of the leaves is said to be used as a stimulant medicine. 6. Cordia elaeagnoides DC. Prodr. 9: 474, 1845. Michoacin to Chiapas; type from Chinitéin, between Tehuantepec and Boca del Monte. Tree, 6 to 10 meters high; leaves ovate to broadly elliptic, 8 to 17 cm. long, acuminate or long-acuminate, entire or nearly so, glabrous and smooth above; flowers creamy white, in large cymes; calyx 6 mm. long, whitish-sericeous, the teeth obtuse; corolla 2 cm. broad or larger. “ Grisifié ” (Chiapas) ; “ bocote,’”” “gueramo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ ocotillo meco ”» (Oaxaca). The wood is said to be valuable for cabinet work. 7. Cordia guerkeana Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 186. 1913. Oaxaca; type from Totolapam. Leaves oblong to broadly obovate or oval-oblong, 4.5 to 9 em. long, obtuse. or rounded at apex, entire or nearly so, glabrate above; flowers fragrant; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, fulvous-tomentose, the teeth short, obtuse; corolla white, the tube more than twice as long as the calyx. ‘ Laa-zaa-yi-xé’” (Seler). 8. Cordia boissieri DC. Prodr. 9: 478. 1845. Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas. Shrub or small tree, 8 meters high or less, the trunk up to 20 cm. in diameter; bark thick, gray, ridged; leaves ovate to oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, 12320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. obtuse, rounded or cordate at base, scabrous above, entire or nearly so; flowers in small dense cymes; calyx 1 cm. long, the teeth acute; corolla 8 to 4 cm. long, white, with yellow throat, the lobes crispate; fruit ovoid, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, reddish brown, shining, the flesh sweet; wood soft, close- grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.68. “ Anacahuite,” “ anacahuitl,” “anacahuita” (Tamaulipas, Guanajuato, Nuevo Leén, Texas; from the Nahuatl amacuahuitl, “ paper-tree”) ; “ siricote” (Tamaulipas) ; “ nacagiiita ” (Nuevo Ledén) ; “trompillo” (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon); “nacahuite” (San Luis Potosf) ; “nacahuitl” (Nuevo Leén). The tree is often planted for ornament and is very handsome when covered with flowers. The fruit is eaten by people but if eaten raw it said to cause dizziness, as if one were intoxicated. Domestic animals are fond of the fruit and hogs eat the seeds. The wood is of little value, but yokes and other articles are made from it. All parts of the plant are aromatic. Jelly made from the fruit is much used as a remedy for coughs and colds. A decoction of the leaves is a popular domestic remedy for rheumatism and is generally employed in the treatment of bronchial affections. About 1860 the wood attracted some attention in Germany as a possible remedy for tuberculosis and quantities of it were exported from Tampico, 2. L. wrightii. Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long---------------------------~ 3. L. macrostachya. 1, L. ligustrina. 1244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers capitate or in short, very dense spikes. Bracts 4-ranked; heads somewhat elongate, at least in fruit. Heads short-pedunculate, the peduncles mostly shorter than thé peti- OO ata 4. L. palmeri. Heads long-pedunculate, the peduncles mostly longer than the petioles. Leaves mostly 3.5 to 5 em. long__-.---- 5. L. graveolens. Leaves mostly 1.5 to 3.5 em. long__--_-- 6. L. berlandieri. Bracts irregularly imbricate in several ranks, Bracts broad, accrescent in fruit, becoming membranaceous and promi- nently veined, the outer ones involucre-like. Calyx hirsute with very long straight spreading hairs____7. L. barbata. Calyx hirtellous with short hairs or puberulent or lanate. Peduncles much shorter than the heads. Heads in the axils of large leaves_____-__ 8. L. chrysantha. Heads in interrupted, nearly naked spikes or racemes, the floral leaves reduced and bractlike-_..-- 9. L. oaxacana. Peduncles longer than the heads, at least in anthesis, Leaves 4.5 em. long or less, usually obtuse. Corolla limb about 8 mm. broad____-.... 10. L. formosa. Corolla limb about 2 mm. broad___-... 11, L. nutans. Leaves mostly 6 to 15 cm. long, usually acute or acuminate. Bracts purple___------ 12, L. callicarpaefolia. Bracts not colored___.--.---- 13. L. umbellata. Bracts not or scarcely acecrescent in fruit, not becoming membranaceous and prominently veined. Heads commonly 4 or more at each node___.______ 14, L. myriocephala. Heads usually 1 or 2 at each node. Leaves pinnatifid-___.....o-8 15. L. appendiculata. Leaves crenate or serrate. Leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 12 mm. wide or less. Heads elongate in fruit; leaves 2.5 to 6 cm. long. 16. L. stoechadifolia. Heads not elongate; leaves 1.5 em. long or less__17, L. fastigiata. Leaves oblong-ovate to broadly rhombic-ovate, usually more than 2 em. wide. Leaves thin, the pubescence all appressed ; peduncles usually much longer than the petioles___..- 18. L. dulcis. Leaves thick, the pubescence of the lower surface chiefly of spread- ing hairs; peduncles slightly if at all exceeding the petioles. 19. L. geminata. 1. Lippia ligustrina (Lag.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 181. 1890. Verbena ligustrina Lag, Gen. & Sp. Noy. 18, 1816. Lippia lycioides Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 254. 1841, Aloysia floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 320. 1844. Sonora to Nuevo Leén, Puebla, and Zacatecas. Western Texas and southern Arizona. Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves subsessile, lance-oblong, 0.5 to 2.5 em. long, acute or obtuse, scaberulous, usually all entire but on young shoots sometimes Serrate; spikes racemose; flowers Sweet-scented, white or tinged with violet, 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Vara dulce” (Neuevo Leén) ; “agrito” (Zacatecas) ; “ jaboncillo” ( Chihuahua) ; “ jazmincillo ” (Durango, Coahuila) ; “jasminillo,” “vara dulce,” “hierba dulce” (Durango) ; “huele de noche” STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1245 (Coahuila); “ jaboncillo*” (Chihuahua, Palmer); “ cabradora” (Texas) ; “vara blanca.” Employed in Coahuila as a remedy for diseases of the bladder. A closely related species is L. triphylla (L’Hér.) Kuntze (L. citriodora H. B. K.), the lemon verbena, a native of South America but often cultivated in Mexican gardens. It is easily recognized by its much larger ternate leaves. In Mexico it is said to be known as “cedrén,” “hierba Luisa,” and “hierba de la princesa.” The name “ cedron ” is used also in South America, and in Peru the plant is known as “ cedroncillo.”. In Mexico the plant is employed in domestic medicine as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue, and in other regions it is employed for various purposes. In southern Europe per- fume has been manufactured from the leaves. 2. Lippia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 16: 98. 1853. Sonora to Coahuila, Zacatecas, and Durango. Western Texas to Arizona. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 6 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, rugose above and scabrous, canescent-tomentose beneath; flowers white. “Vara dulce,” “ altamisa ” (Coahuila). 3. Lippia macrostachya S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 134, 1883. Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 1 to 4.5 cm. Jong, obtuse or rounded at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, canescent- tomentose beneath; spikes 18 cm. long or less; flowers pink. 4, Lippia palmeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 67. 1889. Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, the pubescence of the branchlets appressed ; leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, usually decurrent at base, coarsely crenate, scaberulous; heads 13 mm. long or less; flowers white, turning to yellow or pink. “ Orégano” (Sonora). The leaves are used for flavoring meat. L. palmeri spicata Rose? described from La Paz, Baja California, is a form with spikes sometimes 2.5 cm. long. 5. Lippia graveolens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 266. 1817. Yucatin and Campeche; type from Campeche. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse or acute, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate, puber- vient and glandular beneath; heads 4 to 6 at each node. “ Orégano sid (Yucatan). G. Lippia berlandieri Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 575, 1847. Coahuila to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type collected be- tween Santander and Victoria, Tamaulipas. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the pubescence of the branchlets usually spread- ing; leaves petiolate, oblong to ovate or oval, obtuse or usually rounded at apex, rounded at base, crenate, densely pubescent beneath ; heads 4 to 12 mm. long; flowers white. “ Orégano * (Durango, Puebla, Guerrero, Coahuila) ; “salvia” (Puebla) ; “ epazote,” “ epazotl * (Coahuila); “hierba dulce ” (Hi- dalgo, Veracruz). It is rather doubtful whether this differs in any important character from L. graveolens, but the Yucatin material available is insufficient to afford a 1 Probably an error for “ jazmincillo.” 2 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890. 1246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. basis for definite conclusions. The leaves of L. berlandierit are employed for seasoning food. The plant is used in domestic medicine as a stimulant, emmena- gogue, and demulcent. 7. Lippia barbata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 196. 1889. Lippia montana T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 163. 1891. Baja California; type from La Giganta, near Comondt. Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex and base, crenate, thick, rugose, very scabrous ; heads rather lax, in fruit 2 to 3 cm. long, the bracts oblong; corolla 5 mm. long, yellow turning red. 8. Lippia chysantha Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 87. 1903. Morelos and Chiapas; type from Yautepec, Morelos, altitude 1,350 meters. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance- oblong, 4.5 to 8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, rounded or acute at base, finely crenate, hispidulous above, tomentose beneath; heads sessile or nearly so; bracts lanceolate or oblanceolate; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long, yellow. 9. Lippia oaxacana Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 162, 1895. Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca; type from Las Joyas Canyon, Oaxaca, alti- tude 1,500 meters. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to ovate- ell'ptic, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, finely crenate, very rugose above, tomentose beneath; heads in ter- minal naked spikes; bracts rhombic-obovate, yellowish green; corolla 3 mm. long. ‘Canelilla” (Oaxaca). 10. Lippia formosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 163. 1891. Baja California; type from Bahfa de Todos Santos. Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves spatulate-ovate, obtuse, cuneate at base and nearly sessile, very coarsely crenate, scabrous; peduncles usually longer than the leaves, the heads 2 cm. broad, not elongate; corolla pink. 11. Lippia nutans Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 162. 1895. Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Las Joyas Canyon, Oaxaca, alti- tude 1,850 meters. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to elliptic or broadly ovate, 1.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base and apex, crenate, rugose and scabrous above, tomentose or hirtellous beneath; heads in fruit 3 cm. broad or less, not elongate, the bracts ovate, pale. 12. Lippia callicarpaefolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 268. 1817. Lippia bicolor Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1845. Lippia calocephala Zuce. Ind. Sem. Hort. Monac. 1846. Lippia bracteosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 326. 1844, Mexico, Morelos and Puebla; type collected near the City of Mexico. Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branches short-hirsute; leaves short- petiolate, ovate, 5 to 10.5 em. long, acute, abruptly decurrent at base, crenate, rugose and scabrous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; peduncles very slender, numerous, the heads purple, about 2 cm. broad, the bracts broadly ovate, acute. “Salvia real” (Puebla, Ramirez) ; “rosa de Castilla” (Morelos). 13. Lippia umbellata Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 75. pl. 194. 1793, Lippia substrigosa Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18632: 202. 1863. Lippia pringlei Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss, 4: 340. 1896. Lippia chiapensis Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 58: 78. 1911. Lippia albicaulis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 340, 1912. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1247 Sinaloa and Durango to Chiapas, Mexico, Veracruz, and Yucatin, Central America. Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceo- late to broadly ovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, obtuse to attenuate, acute to rounded at base, finely or coarsely crenate, scabrous or scaberulous above, usually tomentose beneath; heads very numerous, long-pedunculate, in fruit 1 to 2 cm. thick, the bracts commonly reniform or broadly ovate-cordate; flowers yel- lowish, turning red. ‘“ Nacare,” “ topozana ” (Sinaloa); “tabaquillo” (Mi- choacin) ; “hierba de la mula” (Durango) ; “salvia,” “rosa de Castilla ae “caragra” (Costa Rica) ; “ seca-leche” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; “ juanislama de monte” (Nicaragua) ; “ oreganillo,” “ orégano montés” (El Salvador). In Durango the plant is used as a remedy for colic. The numerous speci- mens at hand show considerable variation, especially in pubescence and size of heads, but there do not appear to be any well-marked characters by which it is possible to distinguish the proposed segregates. 14, Lippia myriocephala Schlecht & Cham. Linnaea 5: 98. 1830. Lippia myriocephaloides Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 235. 1900. Lippia hypoleia Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 236. 1900. ?Lippia jurgenseni Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 239. 1900. 2Lippia yucatana Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 864. 1911. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type material collected near Jalapa and Papantla, Veracruz. Guatemala and El Salvador. Shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance- oblong, 6 to 18 cm. long, usually long-acuminate, acute to attenuate at base, scaberulous or smooth above, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath or some- times tomentose, entire or finely serrulate; heads numerous, on long slender peduncles, globose or somewhat elongate, 5 to 7 mm. thick; flowers lilac. “Palo de gusano” (Veracruz); “ tatascamite” (Guatemala); “ tatascame,” “tamayagua,” “ oreganillo,” “salvia” (El Salvador). Lippia yucatana was described from Yucatin. The writer has seen no Yueatéin specimens of L. myriocephala, and it may therefore be that L. yuca- jana is a distinct species, or possibly a synonym of L. umbellata. 15. Lippia appendiculata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 390. 1894. Coahuila and Durango; type from Mapimi Desert, Durango. Plants procumbent, suffrutescent, much branched; leaves lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. long, grayish-strigose or scabrous ; heads elongate in age, 2 cm. long or less; corolla purplish, 5 mm. long. In general appearance the plant is like some of the species of Verbena. 16. Lippia stoechadifolia (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 265. 1817. Verbena stoechadifolia L. Sp. Pl. 19. 1753. San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatéin. West Indies and northern South America. Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves l‘near-oblong, coarsely dentate, stiff, strigose-scabrous ; heads long-pedunculate, in fruit 1 te 2.5 em. long, about 6 mm. thick; flowers pale lilac or whitish. “Té del pafs,” ‘“ cabalyaxnic” (Yucatan) ; “poley” (Porto Rico). 17. Lippia fastigiata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 196. 1889. Baja California; type from San Benito, Densely branched shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, cinereous-puberulent; leaves coarsely dentate, sessile, revolute; heads long-pedunculate, solitary; flowers pink or purple. ‘“ Damiana.” ; The leaves are much used as a substitute for Chinese tea. 1248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 18, Lippia dulcis Trevir. Nov. Act. Acad.. Nat. Cur. 131; 187. 1826. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Yuecatéin. Central America, West Indies, and Colombia. ° Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, erect or procumbent, usually less than 60 cm. high; leaves long-petiolate, coarsely crenate, obtuse or acute, green; heads elongate in age, about 6 mm. in diameter; flowers white. “ Hierba dulce” (Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ neuctixihuitl ” (Nahuatl, Ramtrez; “ honey-herb ”) ; “hierba buena” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ orozuz” (Cuba, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Nicaragua); “orozul” (Nicaragua); “salvia santa,” “ corronchocho ” (1 Salvador). Tea made from the plant is a common remedy for colic and colds. 19. Lippia geminata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 2666, 1817. Lantana lippioides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 805. 1839-40. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies ; western Texas; Central and South America. Shrub, usually a meter high or less; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 6 em. long, rounded to acute at apex, decurrent at base, scabrous above, crenate; heads somewhat elongate in fruit, 6 to 7 mm. thick: flowers pink or purple. “Hierba buena” (Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca); “té del pais” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “té de maceta,” “ té del pan” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ mirto” (Tamauli- pas) ; “hierba del negro” (Tamaulipas) ; “ Juanilama,” “ juanislama” (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua) ; “ salvia ” (Cuba) ; “ sonora ” (Sinaloa); “ mas- tranto” (Panama). The plant is reputed to have sudorific, antispasmodic, stomachic, and emmenagogue properties. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. LIpPIA AMERICANA L. Sp. Pl. 683. 1753. Type from Veracruz. 8. LANTANA L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753. Large or small shrubs; leaves opposite or ternate, toothed; flowers small, ir dense axillary heads or spikes, bracteate; calyx small, truncate or sinuate- dentate; corolla tube cylindric, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a small drupe containing a 2-celled stone. Outer bracts not involucre-like, linear or linear-lanceolate, not exceeding the inner ones, usually much shorter than the corolla tube; stems often |) L's bee a Bees 1. L. camara. Outer bracts forming an involucre, ovate or lance-ovate or, if narrow, elongate and much exceeding the inner ones, usually almost or quite equaling the corolla tube; stems not prickly. Heads not elongating during or after anthesis or scarcely so. Leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath over nearly the whole surface, the pubescence chiefly spreading____-..-- 2. L. involucrata. Leaves hispidulous-strigose beneath along the larger veins__3. L. hispida. Heads conspicuously elongate during and after anthesis. Peduncles, at least most of them, equaling or much shorter than the leaves. Leaves chiefly ternate, 7 to 15 em. long; stems commonly hirsute. 4. L. trifolia. Leaves chiefly opposite, 1.5 to 5 em. long ; stems strigose_5. L. canescens. Peduncles, all or most of them, twice as long as the leaves or longer. Heads in anthesis 8 to 10 mm. thick___... 6. L. macropoda. Heads mostly 13 to 16 mm, thick__________ | 7. LL. achyranthifolia. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1249 1. Lantana camara L. Sp. Pl. 627. 1758. Lantana aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 627. 1753. Lantana horrida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 261. 1817. 9Lantana mollis Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 1829: 184. 1829. Lantana hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 326. 1844. Lantana polyacantha Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 597. 1847. Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical America and naturalized in the Old World. Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, usually armed with stout recurved prickles; leaves rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, acute or short-acumi- nate, sometimes obtuse, acute to subcordate at base, crenate, scabrous above, variously pubescent or occasionally glabrate beneath ; heads not elongating ; corolla yellow or orange, changing to red or purple, the tube about 1 em. long; fruit black, 3 mm. long. ‘ Hierba de Cristo” (Tamaulipas) ; “ cinco negritos ” (Veracruz, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua) ; “ tres colores” (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; “zapotillo” (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “ufia de gato” (Morelos) ; “ palabra de mujer” (Sinaloa, Veracruz) ; “ orozuz del pais” (Veracruz) ; “ alfombrilla hedionda ” (Michoacin, Ramirez) ; “ flor de San Cayetano” (Veracruz, Puebla, Urbina) ; “ xo-hexnuec” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “siete colores” (Jalisco) ; “ peonia negra” (Tamaulipas); “mora » (Colima; fruit); “ matizadilla ’’ (Oaxaca, Jalisco) ; “ confituria ” (Sonora, Sinaloa); “alantana,” “ lampana,” “lantana” (Veracruz, ete.) ; “sonora roja,” “sonora,” “ confite negro,” “confite,” “ zarza- mora” (Sinaloa); “ corronchocho * (Guatemala); “sorrito » (Colombia) ; “enriaquillo,” “poley cimarr6én” (Porto Rico) ; “comida de paloma *” (Guate- mala, Honduras) ; “ filigrana” (Cuba); “ venturosa colorada” (Venezuela) ; “San Rafaelito” (Panama); “santo negrito,” “ cinco coloraditos” (El Salvador). The lantana is a rather showy shrub when in flower and it is often planted for ornament and grown in hothouses. The plants bloom nearly all the year. This species has been introduced into most tropical countries, and in some of them, as in Hawaii, it has become a troublesome weed. The fruit is sweet and edible but not very palatable. A decoction of the leaves is sometimes employed as a remedy for rheumatism and as a tonic for the stomach. In Sinaloa the plant is a favorite remedy for snake bites, a strong decoction of the leaves being taken internally and a poultice of crushed leaves applied to the wound. 2. Lantana involucrata L. Cent. Pl. II. 22. 1756. Lantana odorata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 418. 1767. Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 325. 1844. Nearly throughout Mexico. Florida, Texas, West Indies, and northern South America. Shrub, 0.5 to 4 meters high ; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, elliptic, or rounded, 1 to G em. long, rounded to acute at apex, finely or coarsely crenate, puberulent or tomentose beneath, usually scabrous above; peduncles longer or shorter than the leaves; corolla lilac or white, the tube 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit blue, ° to 4mm. long. “Orégano” (Tamaulipas) ; “ tarepe ” (Michoacan) ; “ peonia colorada”” (Tamaulipas) ; “ confite” (Sinaloa) ; “cuasquito oloroso » (Nica- ragua); “salvia santa,” “ orégano del monte” (Guatemala) ; “eariaquillo de Santa Marfa,” “Santa Marfa” (Porto Rico); “hierba de la sangre,” “ fili- grana cimarrona,” “ té de costa” (Cuba) ; “ chiligtie,” “ cinco negritos” (El Salvador). . 1250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The flowers are fragrant and the whole plant, as in other species, has a strong aromatic odor. Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas pieces of the leaves or stems are put in the ears as a cure for deafness. The only Mexican specimens which are exactly like the West Indian ones are those from Yucatin. In the West Indian plant the leaves are usually rounded at the apex and finely crenate, while in the common Mexican form (L, velutina) the leaves are more commonly acute or acutish, more coarsely crenate, and more copiously pubescent. There are, however, some interme- diate forms, and it does not seem advisable to consider L. velutina a distinct species. 8. Lantana hispida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 260. 1817. ?Lantana hirta Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 2: 186. 1826. Lantana teucriifolia Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 371. 1841. Lantana geroldiana Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 372. 1841, Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Cen- tral America. Shrub; leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic or ovate, 8 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, crenate, scabrous above; peduncles equal- ing or shorter than the leaves; corolla lilac or white, the tube 5 to 6 mm. long. “Orozuz del pafs” (Veracruz) ; “ toltolquelite ” (Nicaragua), Said to be used in Veracruz as a domestic remedy for tuberculosis. 4, Lantana trifolia L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753. Veracruz and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub; leaves lanceolate to ovate, acute to long-acuminate, decurrent at base, coarsely crenate, scabrous above, puberulent beneath; corolla lilac, the tube 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit purple, Sweet, edible. ‘“Filigrana de pifia” (Cuba) ; “icaquito” (El Salvador). 5. Lantana canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 259. 1817. Coahuila to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Yucatfin. South America; type from Venezuela. Shrub; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, acute or acuminate, finely crenate or subentire, densely strigose; heads 6 to 7 mm. thick; corolla white. 6. Lantana macropoda Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 127. 1859. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Western Texas; type from the Rio San Pedro. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 1 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely crenate-serrate, strigose; corolla white or purple. 7. Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. ed. 2. 892. 1829, Lippia purpurea Jacq. Eclog. Amer. 1: 126. pl. 58. 1816. Not Lantana pur- purea Hornem. 1815. Lantana macropodioides Greenm, Field Mus. Bot. 2: 839, 1912. Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central and South America. Shrub, a meter high or less; leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, mostly 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely and sharply serrate, densely strigose; corolla purple or whitish. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. LANTANA MULTICOLOR Lem. FI. Serr. Jard. 3: Misc. 5. 1847. Described from cultivated plants grown from Mexican seeds. Perhaps a species of Lippia. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1251 9. AVICENNIA L. Sp. Pl. 110. 1753. 1. Avicennia nitida Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760. In mangrove swamps along both coasts of Mexico, from Baja California and Tamaulipas southward. Widely distributed in tropical America. Shrub or tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 60 em. in diameter ; bark thin, dark brown, shallowly fissured; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, leathery, entire, green and glabrate above, beneath very minutely and densely white- puberulent; flowers in headlike axillary and terminal cymes; calyx campanu- late, 5-lobate ; corolla white, sericeous, the tube short, the limb 5-lobate, about 1 @n. broad; fruit an oblique 2-valvate capsule; wood hard, close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.91. “Mangle blanco” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatén, Porto Rico, Cuba); “ mangle prieto” (Cuba, Colombia) ; “ mangle negro” (Cuba); ‘ culumate ” (Costa Rica); “ chifle de vaca,” “mangle bobo” (Porto Rico) ; “ palo de sal” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ; “manglecito” (Colombia) ; “ nuyeque ” (Sinaloa); “ mangle,” ‘mangle salado” (Panama); “ arbol de sal,” “istatén,” “ishtatén ” (El Salvador). The wood is used for many purposes, and the bark is employed in tanning. The flowers are much sought by bees. The usual English name of the plant is “black mangrove.” 10. CORNUTIA L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire or dentate; flowers small, violet, in cymes, these arranged in large terminal panicles; calyx small, campanulate, sinuate-dentate, not enlarged in fruit; corolla tube straight or curved, the limb 4-lobate; perfect stamens 2, 2 staminodia also present; fruit a small globose drupe. Corolla minutely glandular-puberulent, the tube 2 mm. thick or less. 1. C. pyramidata. Corolla villosulous, the tube about 38 mm. thick__---------- 2, C. grandifolia. 1. Cornutia pyramidata L. Sp. PL 628. 1753. Hosta latifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 248. 1817. Yucatfin. West Indies and Central America, Large shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 9 to 30 cm. long, acuminate, usually long-decurrent at base, densely and minutely pubescent ; panicles thyrsiform, longer than the leaves; corolla tube slender, about 8 mm. long. “ Palo cuadrado” (Panama) ; “ hoja de zope,” ‘ hoja de jope” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; “pavilla” (Costa Rica) ; “cuatro caras” (Panama). This species has been reported from elsewhere in Mexico, but the writer has seen only Yucatfin specimens. Rovirosa reports it from Tabasco, where it may very likely occur, with the vernacular name “ pangagé.” The plant is said to yield a yellow dye. 2. Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 682. 1847 . Hosta grandifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 97. 1830. Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Small tree; leaves petiolate, ovate to broadly elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, acute or acuminate, decurrent at base, often dentate, usually densely pilose beneath ; corolla tube stout, curved, 5 to 6 mm. long. “ Pavilla”’ (Costa Rica). 1252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CoRNUTIA LONGIFOLIA (H. B. K.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 39. 1825. Hosta longifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 247. 1817. The type locality is given doubtfully as Mexico. The corolla is described as glabrous. 11. CLERODENDRUM L. Sp. Pl. 687. 1753. Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite or ternate, entire or dentate; flowers large or small, in axillary or terminal cymes; calyx campanu- late, truncate or 5-dentate; corolla tube straight or curved, the limb spreading, 4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a globose or 4-lobate drupe, containing 4 nutlets, Cymes axillary; leaves entire_ = pa 1. C, ligustrinum. Cymes terminal; leaves sinuate-dentate__ —_-_..2. C. fragrans. 1. Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 64. 1812. Volkameria ligustrina Jacq. Coll. Bot. Suppl. 118. pl. 5, f. 1. 1796. Clerodendrum mexicanum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 391. 1909. Aegiphila paludosa T. §, Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 191. 1915. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, Campeche, Tabasco, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; petiole bases indurate and persistent; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, abruptly short- decurrent at base, glabrous or nearly so, punctate beneath; cymes pedunculate, few-flowered, sometimes longer than the leaves; calyx 6 to 8 mm, long; corolla white, the tube slender, about 1 em. long, longer than the lobes; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. “ Muste” (Tabasco). This has been reported from Yucatéin as C. aculeatum (1.) Schlecht., but it is quite distinct from that West Indian species, 2. Clerodendrum fragrans Vent. Jard. Malm. 2: pl. 70. 1804. Commonly cultivated in Mexico and sometimes naturalized; specimens seen from Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, and Yucatin. Native of southeastern Asia; cul- tivated and naturalized in tropical America. Plants suffrutescent, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, broadly deltoid-ovate or rounded-ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, usually truncate at base; flowers in very dense terminal cymes, fragrant; corolla white, about 2.5 em. long. “ Bocamelia” (Oaxaca, El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “metroceder ” (Oaxaca, Reko); “jazmin de Amelia” (Guatemala) ; “ camelia ” (Panama) ; “viuda alegre” (El Salvador), The form cultivated in tropical America has double flowers; it is C. fragrans pleniflora Schauer.? 12. PETITIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 1. 1760. 1. Petitia oleina (Benth.) Benth. & Hook; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 539. 1882. Scleroon oleinum Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 65. 1843. Described from cultivated plants grown from Mexican seeds. Shrub; leaves opposite, entire; flowers greenish white, in few-flowerd axil- lary cymes; calyx campanulate, shortly 4-dentate; corolla funnelform, the limb 4-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a 4-celled drupe. Known to the writer only from the original description. In DC. Prodr. 11: 666. 1847. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1253 13. CALLICARPA L. Sp. Pl. 111. 1758. Shrubs or trees, the pubescence usually stellate ; leaves opposite, serrate or entire; flowers small, in large axillary cymes; calyx short-campanulate, trun- cate or 4-dentate; corolla tube short, the limb spreading, 4-lobate, the lobes equal, imbricate; fruit drupaceous, globose or depressed, the endocarp sepa- rating into 4 or fewer nutlets. Leaves obovate, very obtuse_------------------------------- 1. C. parvifolia. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate. Leaves persistently but minutely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface. 2. C. acuminata. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface except when very young. Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath_- 7 3. C. pringlei. Leaves sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath_____------ 4. C. subpubescens. 1, Callicarpa parvifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 305. 1839-40. Type said to have come from Tepic. Leaves coriaceous, 3.5 em. long, short-petiolate, slightly crenate, glabrous above in age, densely grayish-tomentose beneath and reticulate-veined; pe- duncles equaling the petioles, the flowers capitate-cymose. 2, Callicarpa acuminata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 252. 1817. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Colombia; type from Colombia. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to oblong-serrate, lanceolate, 5 to 20 cm. long, entire or serrate, densely stellate- tomentulose beneath; cymes dense, many-flowered, usually less than half as long as the leaves; corolla white, about 3 mm. long; fruit black, 5 mm. in diameter. “Sac pukim” (Yucatin, Maya); “uvilla” (Tamaulipas) ; “vara del alealde’”’ (Honduras). This is probably the plant reported as C. americana by Sessé and Mociifio, who state that its Totonac name is “ patzahumacachil.” 3, Callicarpa pringlei Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 345, 1896. San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon. Shrub, about 4.5 meters high, the young branches densely stellate-tomentose ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, 10 to 16 cm. long, serrate-dentate, thick, rugose above; cymes many-flowered, half as long as the leaves or shorter; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit about 4 mm, in diameter. Rather doubtfully distinct from C. acuminata, 4, Callicarpa subpubescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 305. 1839-40. Type said to have come from Tepic. Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 cm. wide or less, attenuate at each end, serrate; peduncles equaling the petioles. 14. AEGIPHILA Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 3. 1764. 1. Aegiphila deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 29. 1840. Aegiphila brachiata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 871. 1831. Not A. brachiata Vell. 1825. Aegiphila pacifica Greenm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 33: 485. 1898. Tepic and Veracruz; type from Estero (Tamaulipas ?). Reported from Panama. 1], Mex. 18. 1893. 1254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 7 meters high; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, entire, glabrate above, beneath tomentulose or glabrate; cymes in terminal panicles; calyx about 4 mm. long, obtusely 4-dentate; corolla white, glabrous, 10 to 12 mm. long, the tube ampliate above; fruit drupaceous, yellow, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, the calyx persistent and cuplike at its base. 147, MENTHACEAE, Mint Family. Shrubs or small trees or often herbs, usually aromatic; stems commonly quadrangular; leaves opposite or verticillate, simple; flowers perfect, ir- regular, small or large; calyx inferior, persistent, gamosepalous, 5-dentate or bilabiate ; corolla gamopetalous, the limb 5-lobate or 4-lobate, usually bilabiate ; stamens 4 or 2, attached to the corolla tube; style filiform, usually bifid at apex; fruit commonly of 4 small 1-seeded nutlets. The family is often known by the name Labiatae. Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Fertile stamens 2. Anther cells linear. Upper lip of corolla spreading....__--__..._._- 1. RAMONA. Upper lip of corolla erect-.--..------- 2. SALVIA. Anther cells oblong. Stamens distant, straight 3. CUNILA, Stamens ascending, converging, usually arcuate______4. POLIOMINTHA. Fertile stamens 4. Calyx closed after anthesis, Calyx gibbous, not inflated __ ___.5, SCUTELLARIA. Calyx not gibbous, inflated oe --_._..._.6. SALAZARIA. Calyx open after anthesis. Upper lip of the calyx decurrent upon the tube______._____ 7. OCIMUM. Upper lip of the calyx not decurrent. Nutlets rugose-reticulate -8. TRICHOSTEMA, Nutlets smooth or granular. Calyx bilabiate__ ee ee ee ee 9. CLINOPODIUM. Calyx not bilabiate, the 5 teeth equal or nearly so. Stamens declined toward the lower lip of the corolla. 10. HYPTIS. Stamens not declined. Flowers in a terminal head____-_._- 11. MONARDELLA. Flowers chiefly axillary, or in terminal racemes. Leaves hastate; calyx campulate______.._ | 12. SPHACELE. Leaves not hastate; calyx tubular__________ 13. GARDOQUIA. 1. RAMONA Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892. Low shrubs; leaves entire or crenate; flower clusters in interrupted spikes or sometimes paniculate; calyx bilabiate, the posterior lip entire or minutely 3-dentate, the anterior lip bifid; corolla tube equaling or longer than the calyx, the limb bilabiate; perfect stamens 2. Bracts scarious-membranaceous, colored. Leaves entire--_..___--__--_-_-___-__-- 1. R. pachystachya. Leaves crenulate__-_---.--__-.-___--- 2. R. capitata. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1255 Bracts herbaceous. Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate. Tube of the corolla shorter than the limb. 8. R. polystachya. Inflorescence verticillate-spicate. Corolla about 1 em. long------------------------------ 4, R. stachyoides. Corolla nearly or fully 2 cm. long. Outer bracts acute or short-mucronate_-—------------- 5. R. clevelandi. Outer bracts with long aristate tips---------------------- 6. R. vaseyi. 1. Ramona pachystachya (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4. 1900. Audibertia incana pachystachya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 23: 461. 1886. Audibertia pachystachya Parish, Erythea 6: 91. 1898. Mountains of Baja California. California ; type from San Bernardino Mountains. Leaves spatulate, 2 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex, attenuate at base to a slender petiole, minutely canescent-tomentulose or glabrate; inflorescence verticillate-spicate; bracts large, oval or rounded, purplish ; corolla nearly 2 cm. long. 2, Ramona capitata (A. Gray) Bria. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894. Audibertia capitata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7%: 387. 1867. Northwestern Sonora. Southern California; type from Providence Mountains. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, slender- petiolate, very rugose, minutely tomentulose; flowers in terminal solitary heads, the bracts whitish ; corolla nearly 2 cm. long. 3. Ramona polystachya (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892. Audibdertia polystachya Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 314. 1833. Northern Baja California. California. Shrub, about 1 meter high, densely white-tomentulose throughout; leaves lance-oblong, 5 to 8 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base; corolla white or nearly so, about 1 cm. long. The white sage is a very common shrub in southern California and it is an important honey plant. The Indians of the region gather large quantities of the seeds, parch them, and grind them into meal in a mortar. The meal is stirred into water and salted, thus forming pinole, which is eaten or drunk. 4. Ramona stachyoides (Benth.) Brig. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894. Audibertia stachyoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 318. 1833. Baja California. California. Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, mostly 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse, attenuate at base, glabrate and green above, to- mentulose beneath ; corolla white or lilac. Known in California as “black sage ”. like R. polystachya, an important honey plant. 5, Ramona clevelandi (A. Gray) Brig. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894. Audibertia clevelandi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 76. 1874. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type collected near San Diego. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, cinere- ous-tomentulose; bracts usually tinged with purple. 1256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. Ramona vaseyi (Porter) Brig. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894, Audibertia vaseyi Porter, Bot. Gaz. 6: 207. 1881. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego County. Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 5 em. long, obtuse, acute at base, ci- nereous-tomentulose beneath, often glabrate above. 2. SALVIA L. Sp. Pl. 23. 1753. REFERENCE: Fernald, A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American spe- cies of Salvia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 489-556. 1900. Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire or toothed; flowers small or large, usually verticillate and racemose; calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or 5-dentate, the lower bidentate; corolla conspicuously bilabiate; fertile stamens 2. Many herbaceous species occur in Mexico, at least 100 or more. The best- known plant of the genus is Salvia officinalis L., the garden sage, a native of the Old World, whose aromatic leaves are used for flavoring food. Some of the herbaceous species are known in Mexico as “ chfa,” and a favorite bever- age, known by the same name, is prepared by soaking the mucilaginous seeds in water. Calyx densely lanate with purplish wool. Leaves linear-lanceolate; corolla white _ __ _-1. S. leucantha. Leaves ovate, subcordate at base; corolla reddish. Leaves very rugose, 2.5 to 4 em. long; petioles 4 to 8 mm. long. 2. S. lantanaefolia. Leaves scarcely rugose, 5 to 10 cm. long; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 em. long. 3. 5S. populifolia. Calyx not lanate or, if so, the wool not purplish. A. Corolla commonly less than 2 em. long, blue or white. Bracts of the inflorescence large, persistent, firm, and leaflike. Leaves 1.5 to 5 em. long___-------- 4. S. nelsonii. Leaves mostly 7 to 15 em. long. Leaves tomentose beneath_...---_--.. 5. S. shannoni. Leaves glabrous beneath except along the costa________ 6. S. collinsii. Bracts small, never leaflike, usually deciduous, B. Leaves oblong or lanceolate or, if ovate, not cordate at base. Calyx densely lanate. Leaves crenulate---_------- 7. S. confinis. Leaves coarsely dentate... 8. S. californica. Calyx canescent, pubescent, or tomentose, not lanate. C. Leaves entire or essentially so. Leaves sessile or subsessile, narrowly oblong or linear, strongly revolute. Leaves linear, glabrous above ; calyx glabrate__9. S. fasciculata. Leaves narrowly oblong, tomentulose above; calyx glandular- | 2211 ee a 10, S. coulteri. Leaves, except sometimes the uppermost, petiolate. Leaves usually narrowly triangular-ovate, truncate at base. 11. S. candicans. Leaves narrowly ovate or oblong, attenuate or rounded at base. Calyx lobes obtuse. Calyx glandular-pubescent______.. 12. S. thymoides, Calyx without glandular pubescence___13. §. chionophylla. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1257 Calyx lehes acuminate. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 mm. long, all slender- petiolate--___._------------------- 14. S. serpyllifolia. Leaves oblong, 10 to 25 mm. long, the uppermost subsessile. Leaves finely stellate-pubescent, at least when young. 15. S. coahuilensis. Leaves glabrous_-_---------------------- 16. S. lycioides. CC. Leaves crenate or crenate-serrate. Calyx lobes becoming much broadened in age, the calyx funnelform. Leaves green above, usually rugose, regularly crenate. Calyx finely and closely tomentose--_---- 17. S. ballotaefiora. Calyx loosely and coarsely stellate-tomentose. 18. S. ramosa. Leaves very pale on both surfaces, irregularly crenate. 19. S. platycheila. Calyx lobes not broadened in age or scarcely so. Mature leaves glabrous_-_ ae 7 20. S. similis. Mature leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces. Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs. Stems very densely and finely white-tomentulose; verticels 6 to 10-flowered_-__---------------- 21. S. cedrosensis. Stems thinly stellate-tomentose; verticels 2 to 6-flowered. 22. S. chamaedryoides. Pubescence of the leaves not stellate. Leaves obtuse, densely viscid-pubescent on the upper surface. 23. S. purpusii. Leaves acuminate, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface. Upper leaves sessile; flowers cymose-paniculate. 24, S. dasycalyx. Upper leaves long-petiolate; inflorescence racemose. 25. S. fallax. BB. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, usually cordate at base. Leaves glabrous beneath or sparsely puberulent along the nerves. 4. S. nelsonii. Leaves, at least when young, densely pubescent or tomentose beneath. D. Leaves stellate-pubescent beneath, at least when young. Calyx densely white-lanate----------~-~----- 26. S. rubropunctata. Calyx stellate-tomentose, not lanate except sometimes at base. Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long_-------~----------- 27. S. fruticulosa. Leaves 2 to 6 cm. long. Branchlets and nerves of young leaves with sulphur-yellow tomentum____--_---_------------------ 28. S. conzattii. Branchlets and lower surface of leaves with white tomentum. Leaves broadly ovate, sharply crenate-dentate ; calyx lobes obtuse____--_------------+------------ 29. S. pruinosa. Leaves oblong-ovate, obtusely crenate; calyx lobes acute. 30. S. goldmanii. DD. Leaves white-tomentose beneath with simple hairs. BE. Leaves very rugose above, usually broadly ovate, obtuse. Pedicels very short, 3 mm. long or less; racemes rather dense; calyx in anthesis 4 to 5 mm. long. Calyx glandular-villous___-------~---- 81. S. scordoniaefolia. 1258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Calyx without glandular pubescence. Pubescence of the corolla glandular________ 32. S. dugesii. Pubescence of the corolla chiefly eglandular. 33. S. lasiantha. Pedicels 3 to 9 mm. long; racemes loosely flowered; calyx in anthesis 6 mm. long or more. Calyx purplish violet, glandular-villous, in anthesis nearly 10 mm. long____ _ _-34. S. semiatrata. Calyx green or blue-tinged, glandular-puberulent and minutely hispidulous on the nerves, in anthesis about 6 mm. long. Leaves oblong or narrowly ovate_______- 35. 8. rupicola. Leaves broadly ovate —_ 36. S. gonzalezii. EE. Leaves only slightly rugose, narrow-ovate, mostly acuminate. Flowers in small cymes, these arranged in a terminal thyrse. 37. S. thyrsiflora. Flowers in simple or branched racemes, Branches pubescent with soft ascending hairs. 38. S. multiramea. Branches short-pilose with recury ed-spreading hairs. Calyx tubular, in fruit 5 mm. long, the tube 4 times as Iong as the lobes 39. S. alamosana. Calyx campanulate, in fruit 6 to 7 mm. long, the tube twice as long as the lobes___________-____ 40. S. chapalensis AA. Corolla 2 to 12 cm. long, variously colored, often scarlet or yellow. Corolla yellow. Flowers axillary, solitary_._.......... 3 41 S. aspera. Flowers racemose_____--.--.---- 42. S. chrysantha. Corolla not yellow. Calyx inflated-campanulate. Corolla scarlet. Stems viscid-hirsute —_ _-43. S, adglutinans. Stems not viscid-hirsute. Leaves chiefly ovate-lanceolate to oblong, cuneate or narrowed at base = a Sa ne a 44, S. sessei. Leaves broadly ovate to orbicular. Leaves pubescent beneath on the nerves, 4 cm. long or less; branehes glabrate See e seo ee 45. S. regia. Leaves tomentose beneath, usually more than 4 cm. long; branches tomentose or puberulent. Branches tomentose ____46. S. pubescens. Branches puberulent ae ____47. S. muralis. Calyx tubular-campanulate, not inflated. F. Corolla ventricose, the tube straight. G. Leaves 1 to 4 em. long. Flowers axillary___---------- 48. S. disjuncta. Flowers in terminal racemes. Leaves narrowly oblong to linear-oblanceolate___49. 5S. greggrii. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong. Pubescence of branches and leaves stellate__50. S. oaxacana, Pubescence of branches and leaves simple. Calyx glabrous, or barely puberulent at base_51 S. oresbia. Calyx hispidulous on the nerves. Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath___52. 8. grahami, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1259 Leaves. pubescent beneath. Leaves mostly less than 2 em. long-_53. S. microphylla. Leaves usually more than 2 cm. long. Corolla 3.2 to 3.5 em. long__-_____-54. S. schaffneri. Corolla 2.5 to 2.7 cm long. Leaves thin, hardly rugose, subacuminate. 55. S. lemmoni. Leaves rugose, usually rounded at apex. 56. S. neurepia. GU. Leaves larger, all except the smallest more than 4 cm. long. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so Yalyx herbaceous, the tube becoming corrugated, the lobes sub- equal eee eee eoe eee 57. S. pringlei. Yalyx less herbaceous, the tube not corrugated, the lobes un- equal. Leaves cuneate or obtuse at base_-----~-- 58. S. involucrata. Leaves mostly cordate at base__-_--------- 59. S. pulchella. Leaves pubescent beneath. Corolla 2.5 to 2.7 em. long__-------------~-- 60. S. adenophora. Corolla 4 to 6 cm. long Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath, finely crenate-ser- rate; calyx glandular-puberulent--------- 61. S. fulgens. Leaves pilose beneath on the nerves, coarsely crenate; calyx not at all or very minutely glandular-puberulent. 62. S. orizabensis. FF. Corolla not ventricose, the tube straight or curved. Leaves cuneate or narrowed at base. Leaves pubescent beneath; corolla rose-purple. Corolla 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long. Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate_____._-__-____--63. S, chiapensis. Leaves oblong-lanceolate_____-__--------64, S. antennifera. Corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long_- a _-65. S. curviflora. Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla red__--------~- 66. S. miniata. Leaves rounded or cordate at base. Leaves cordate at base. Corolla purple or pink- oe ee eee eee ae 67. S. aristulata. Corolla scarlet. Calyx in anthesis 1 cm. long_-------~---- 68. S. cyclophylla. Calyx 1.7 to 2 cm. long_- a __.._..69, S. incana. Leaves rounded or rounded-truncate at base, not definitely cor- date. Leaves lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm. long---------- 70. S. perlonga. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter. G. Corolla purple or flesh-colored. H. Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath. Branches canescent-velutinous; flower clusters 2-flow- ered = aaotena nS 71. S. graciliflora. Branches slightly pilose, puberulent, or glabrous; flower clusters several or many-flowered. Glands (2) usually present at base of petiole; corolla 2 to 2.7 em. long_-_---------__-- 72, S. purpurea. Glands absent; corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long__73. S. littae. 1260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. HH. Leaves more or less pilose or tomentose beneath. Pubescent stellate. Calyx 12 to 138 mm. long. ~-_--__-_______ 74. S. rosei. Calyx 5 mm. long__-.-____-_____ 75. S. arbuscula. Pubescence not stellate. Leaves merely pilose beneath. Leaves broadly ovate; corolla deep purple-violet. 76. S. iodantha. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; corolla flesh-colored. 77. S. michoacana., Leaves velutinous or lanate beneath. Leaves serrate; calyx lobes broad, mucronate. 78. S. nervata. Leaves crenate; calyx lobes long-acuminate. 79. S. karwinskii. GG. Corolla scarlet or vermilion. Calyx lips unequal, the upper one produced into a subulate awn, the lower one short__________ 80. S. cinnabarina. Calyx lips subequal. Calyx lobes subulate-tipped_____-________ $1. S. elegans. Calyx lobes not subulate-tipped. Bracts 2 to 3 em. long, persistent____82. 8, mollissima. Bracts smaller, deciduous______________ 83. S. coccinea. 1. Salvia leucantha Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 16. pl. 24. 1791. Salvia bicolor Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 8. 1887. Zacatecas to Puebla and Morelos. Plants chiefly herbaceous, sometimes suffrutescent below; leaves short- petiolate, 5 to 17 cm. long, attenuate, crenulate, green above, tomentose be- neath; flowers in long racemes; calyx nearly 1 cm. long, covered with beautiful purple wool; corolla about 18 mm. long. 2. Salvia lantanaefolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 69. 1844. Puebla; type from Tehuacén. Shrub; leaves obtuse, green above, tomentose beneath; flowers in dense racemes; calyx about 1 cm. long. 8. Salvia populifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 530. 1900. Type from Bolafios, Jalisco. Shrub; leaves acute, crenulate, green and glabrate above, whitish-tomentose beneath; calyx in anthesis about 18 mm. long, the lobes acuminate; corolla 3.5 cm. long. 4. Salvia nelsonii Fernald, -Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 527. 1900. Salvia albicans Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 501. 1901. Guerrero, Puebla, and Morelos; type collected between Acatlin and Piaxtla, Puebla. Shrub, 2.5 to 5 meters high, the branches cinereous-puberulent ; leaves ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, serrulate, finely canescent-puberulent ; flowers in dense spikelike racemes; calyx 8 mm. long, densely white-tomentose, the lobes obtuse; corolla about 14 mm. long, blue and white. 5. Salvia shannoni Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19: 256. 1894. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Volein Chingo. Shrub; leaves lanceolate to ovate, obtuse or cordate at base, acuminate, ser- rate or crenate-serrate, green above; racemes very thick and dense, the bracts purplish; calyx about 1 cm. long, the lobes acute. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1261 6. Salvia collinsii Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 61: 386. 1916. Type from Pantepec, Chiapas. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrate, green and glabrous above, pale beneath; calyx 7 to § mm. long, green, the lobes acute; corolla white. 7%. Salvia confinis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 523, 1900. Sonora. Type from Fort Huachuca, Arizona. Branches stellate-canescent; leaves oblong, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, canescent; racemes spikelike, 1 to 4 cm. long; corolla blue, scarcely 1 cm. long. 8. Salvia californica T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 197. 1889. Baja California; type from Calmalli. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, densely stellate-tomentose; léaves sessile, ovate- elliptic, 18 mm. long or less, with few coarse spreading teeth; racemes in- terrupted, spikelike; corolla blue . 9. Salvia fasciculata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 54. 1904. Type from mountains near Oaxaca. Shrub; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long, canescent beneath, strongly revolute; racemes 1 to 3 cm. long; calyx tubular-campanulate, in anthesis 4 mm. long, minutely stellate-pubescent; corolla purplish, 8 mm. long. 10. Salvia coulteri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 519. 1900. Type from somewhere in Mexico. Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long, stellate-tomentulose, obtuse, revolute; racemes 2 to 8 cm. long; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, the teeth lance-subulate; corolla 12 mm. long. 11. Salvia candicans Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad, Brux. 117: 61. 1844. Puebla; type from Tehuacfan. Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, coriaceous, very densely stellate-tomentose, at least beneath ; racemes short, dense; calyx 5 to § mm. long, densely stellate-tomentose; corolla 8 to 13 mm, long. 12. Salvia thymoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 255. 1834. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca. Slender shrub, usually about 80 cm. high; leaves mostly 4 to 7 mm. long, obtuse, stellate-tomentulose or glabrate; racemes slender, elongate, interrupted ; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla about 13 mm. long. 13. Salvia chionophylla Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 64. 1907. Type from Chojo Grande, 27 miles southeast of Saltillo, Coahuila. Stems fruticose, decumbent, stellate-canescent; leaves 5 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, minutely stellate-tomentulose, whitish; racemes 5 to 10 mm. long, interrupted; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, blue and white. 14. Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 521. 1900. Type from San Luis Potosi. Stems short-pubescent with white, spreading or recurved hairs; racemes 10 to 20 em. long, interrupted: calyx short-hispidulous; corolla 12 mm. long. 15. Salvia coahuilensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 520. 1900. Coahuila; type from Saltillo. Plants 70 cm. high or less, woody below, the stems stellate-puberulent or glabrate; racemes 5 to 35 cm. long, interrupted; calyx puberulent, 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, blue. 79688—24——27 1262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 16. Salvia lycioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 408. 1886. Santa Eulalia Mountains of Chihuahua. Slender shrub, the branches sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves mostly obtuse ; racemes slender, elongate, interrupted; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla nearly 2 cm. long. 17. Salvia ballotaeflora Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 270. 1834. Salvia lara Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 270. 1834. Salvia ballotaefiora eulaliae Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 522. 1900. Chihuahua to Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and Tamaulipas; type from Tolimaén (Querétaro ?). Western Texas. Low shrub; leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, densely stellate-tomentose beneath, usually truncate at base but rarely subcordate; racemes short, few-flowered; calyx 5 to 9 mm. long, the lobes very obtuse; corolla about 12 mm. long. “ Engorda-cabra ” (Zacatecas) ; “crespa” (San Luis Potosf) ; ‘‘mejorana” (Texas, Chihuahua) ; “mejorana del pafs” (Chi- huahua). 8S. ballotaeflora eulaliae is a form with large leaves (3 ecm. long). 18. Salvia ramosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 255. 1908. Type from Tlacuilotepec, Puebla. Shrub; leaves 1 cm. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, very rugose, finely stellate-puberulent, green above; racemes elongate, interrupted; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla about 7 mm. long. 19. Salvia platycheila A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 292. 1870. Carmen Island, Baja California. Shrub ; leaves slender-petiolate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, very obtuse, very minutely and densely tomentulose; racemes short or elongate, interrupted; calyx 8 to 12 mm. long, minutely tomentulose; corolla nearly 2 cm. long. 20. Salvia similis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 108. 1901. Baja California; type from mountains of the Cape Region. Much-branched shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems minutely canescent- tomentulose ; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, minutely stellate-tomentulose when young but soon glabrous; racemes short, dense; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla pale blue. 21. Salvia cedrosensis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 212. 1885. Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Low shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 2.5 em. long or less, obtuse or acute, crenate, sparsely stellate-pubescent in age; racemes short or elongate, interrupted; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, violet. 22. Salvia chamaedryoides Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 77. pl. 197. 1793. Salvia chamaedrifolia Andrews, Bot. Rep. 6: pl. 416. 1805 (?). Salvia chamaedrys Willd. Hort. Berol. 1: 29. pl. 29. 1816. Salvia chamaedryoides isochroma Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 522. 1900. Zacatecas and San Luis Potos{ to Mexico. Low shrub, usually about 40 cm. high; leaves 1 to 3.5 cm, long, obtuse, finely crenate, canescent-tomentose, sometimes green above; racemes elongate, inter- rupted ; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, often tinged with violet; corolla about 12 mm. long. 23. Salvia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif, Publ. Bot. 4: 187. 1911. Type from Cerro del Zapatero, Coahuila. Low shrub, the branches glandular-pubescent; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long, obtuse, coarsely crenate, the lower ones (oblong) sometimes cordate at base, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1263 densely glandular-pubescent ; racemes 3 to 6 cm. long; calyx about 1 cm. long; corolla 18 mm. long, violaceous. 24, Salvia dasycalyx Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 421. 1910. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 1,800 meters. Shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, 8.5 to 5 cm. long, villosulous beneath along the veins; panicles dense, many-flowered; calyx 3 mm. long, villous; corolla violet, 7 to 8 mm. long. 25. Salvia fallax Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 419. 1910. Type from Tepic. Shrub, the young branches villous; leaves ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, sharply serrate, sparsely villous beneath; racemes 10 to 15 cm. long; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, violaceous; corolla blue, 1 cm. long. 26. Salvia rubropunctata Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 121. 1894. Type from Huehuerachi, Sonora. Plants suffrutescent ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 cm. long or less, stellate- pubescent beneath or glabrate, red-punctate, finely crenate; racemes short and dense; calyx 5 mm. long; corolla blue, 12 mm. long. 27. Salvia fruticulosa Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 721. 1834. Type collected near the city of Oaxaca. Low shrub, the stems white-tomentose ; leaves ovate, obtuse, crenulate, white- tomentose beneath. 28. Salvia conzattii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 526. 1900. Type collected between El Parifn and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 370 meters. Leaves 1.5 to 6 em. long, rounded at apex, very rugose above, finely crenu- late; racemes spikelike, 2 to 6 cm. long; calyx densely blue-tomentose; corolla blue, 12 mm. long. 29. Salvia pruinosa Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 526. 1900. Type collected between Mesquitec and Monte Escobedo, Jalisco. Shrub, the branchlets stellate-tomentulose; leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, crenate-dentate, green and rugose above, white-tomentulose beneath; racemes dense, 10 cm. long or less; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla blue, 12 mm. long. 30. Salvia goldmanii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 527. 1900. Type from Batopilas, Chihuahua. Stems thinly stellate-tomentulose; leaves 5 to 10 cm long, acute, green above, pale beneath; racemes 5 to 15 cm. long; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, bluish; corolla 1.5 cm. long. 31. Salvia scorodoniaefolia Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 46. 1817. Salvia melissodora Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1817. Salvia scorodonia Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 264. 1834. Salvia scorodoniaefolia crenaea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 524, 1900. Chihuahua to Oaxaca and Puebla. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves mostly deltoid-ovate, 2 to 9 cm. long, ob- tuse, crenate, whitish-tomentose beneath, usually green above; racemes short or elongate, mostly dense; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla blue. 32. Salvia dugesii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 500. 1901. Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Mexico; type from Guanajuato. Shrub ; leaves 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse, very rugose, crenate, whitish-tomen- tose beneath, usually green above; racemes dense, elongate; calyx 7 mm. long, violaceous; corolla 1.5 cm. long. “ Chfa cimarrona ” (Guanajuato). 1264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 33. Salvia lasiantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 276. 1834. Salvia keerlii Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 263. 1834. Durango to San Luis Potos{ and Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves mostly ovate-deltoid, 2 to 4.5 em. long, obtuse, crenulate, whitish-tomentose beneath, usually green above; racemes dense, elongate; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, bluish or purplish; corolla about 12 mm. long. 34. Salvia semiatrata Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 1: 298. 1829-30. Oaxaca. ; Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-deltoid, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse, crenulate, whitish-tomentose beneath, green and very rugose above; racemes lax; corolla about 2 cm. long, the lower lip nearly black. 35. Salvia rupicola Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 420. 1910. Type from Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Shrub; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse, glandular-pilose beneath, green and rugose above, crenate; racemes 5 to 9 em. long; corolla 1 em. long. 36. Salvia gonzalezii Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 35: 524. 1900. Type collected between El Parifin and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 370 meters, Stems villous and glandular-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse, crenulate, white-villous beneath; racemes 5 to 15 cm. long; corolla deep blue, 1.5 em. long. 37. Salvia thyrsiflora Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 151. 1844. Tepic to Michoacin; type from Tepic. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-petiolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, crenate, tomentose beneath, green above; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla about 1.5 em. long. 38. Salvia multiramea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 525. 1900. Guerrero to Chiapas; type collected near the city of Oaxaca. Plants about 1 meter high, suffrutescent; leaves 2 to 7 cm. long, crenulate, tomentose beneath, short-petiolate; corolla blue or white, 10 to 12 mm. long. 89. Salvia alamosana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 110. 1890. Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora. Plants about a meter high, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves 5 to 7.5 cm. long, crenate, tomentose beneath; corolla blue, 1 ecm. long. 40. Salvia chapalensis Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Gendave 2: 145. 1898. Type from Lake Chapala, Jalisco, Leaves ovate, 4 to 5 cm. long, crenate, green above, white-tomentose beneath ; corolla blue, about 1.5 cm. long. 41. Salvia aspera Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 11°: 71, 1844. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves deltoid or deltoid-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse, truncate or subcordate at base, crenate, green and rugose above, tomentose beneath; calyx 2 ecm. long; corolla 4 em. long. 42. Salvia chrysantha Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 117: 72. 1844. Guerrero to Chiapas and Puebla; type from Cordillera of Oaxaca. Re- ported from Costa Rica. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, rounded at base, crenulate, green above, densely tomentose beneath; racemes dense or interrupted, covered with beautiful yel- low wool; calyx about 1 cm. long; corolla 2 to 3 em. long, yellow, red within. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1265 43. Salvia adglutinans Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1816. Described from “ Nova Hispania,” the type collected by Sessé and Mocifio. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, cordate at base, acute, serrate, viscid-villous be- neath when young; corolla scarlet, pubescent, 4 times as long as the calyx. 44, Salvia sessei Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 288. 1834. Rhodochlamys speciosa Schauer, Linnaea 30: 707. 1847. Salvia roezli Scheidw. Fl. Serr. Jard. 14: 31. pl. 1407. 1861. Salvia semperflorens Llave, Naturaleza 7%: Apend. 81. 1885. Salvia fastuosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 7. 1887. Morelos and Guerrero. Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 13 cm. long, long-acuminate, crenate- serrate or subentire, yellow-glandular beneath; racemes lax, paniculate; calyx 2.5 em. long, bright red; corolla scarlet, about 5 cm. long. 45. Salvia regla Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 33. pl. 455. 1799. Salvia deltoidea Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 28, 1817. Salvia crenata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11?: 74. 1844. Coahuila and Durango to Oaxaca and Hidalgo; type from Regla, Hidalgo. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves obtuse, coarsely crenate, green; flowers axillary or in short racemes; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, bright red; corolla scarlet, 4 to 5 cm. long. 46. Salvia pubescens Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 723. 1834. Oaxaca; type from San Dionisio. ' Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves 4.5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, green; flowers axillary or in short racemes; calyx red, 1.5 cm. long; corolla scarlet, 4 to 5 cm. long. 47. Salvia muralis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 65. 1907. Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude about 800 meters. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acumi- nate, coarsely crenate, green; racemes short, the flowers mostly geminate; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, green or reddish; corolla scarlet, 4.5 to 6 cm. long. 48. Salvia disjuncta Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 533. 1900. Chiapas. Leaves deltoid-ovate, obtuse to acuminate, crenulate, green, somewhat tomen- tose beneath ; calyx in anthesis 12 to 15 mm. long; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long. 49. Salvia greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 369. 1870. Coahuila and Durango; type from Saltillo, Coahuila. Low shrub; leaves mostly 1 to 1.5 ecm. long, obtuse, usually entire and glabrous; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, purplish; corolla red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 50. Salvia oaxacana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 536. 1900. Type from La Joya Canyon, Oaxaca, altitude 1,380 meters. Shrub, much branched; leaves ovate, 1 cm. long or less, truncate or cordate at base, crenate, rugose above, white-tomentose beneath; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, glandular-pilose. 51. Salvia oresbia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 536. 1900. San Luis Potos{; type from San Rafael. Plants suffrutescent, about 30 em. high, the branches glabrate; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or acute, appressed-serrate, glabrate ; calyx purplish, 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla slightly over 2 cm. long. 1266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 52. Salvia grahami Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1870. 1830. Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosf, Puebla, and Michoacin; type from Tlapujahua. Low shrub; leaves petiolate, narrowly or broadly ovate, mostly 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse or acute, crenate or subentire, green; racemes short or elongate, interrupted ; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, green or purplish; corolla red, 22 to 28 mm. long. 53. Salvia microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 295. 1817. Salvia microphylla canescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 407. 1886. Salvia microphylla wislizeni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 408. 1886. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf, Puebla, and Mexico; type from Santa Rosa, Guanajuato. Low shrub; leaves petiolate, obtuse or acute, crenate or subentire, densely or sparsely pubescent beneath; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, green or bluish; corolla red, 2 to 2.5 cm. long. “Mirto” (Puebla, Jalisco); “pabell6n mexicano”; “salvia del monte” (Ramfrez) ; “toronjil” (Guerrero) ; “bandera mexicana” (Oaxaca, Reko). 54. Salvia schaffneri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 535. 1900. Type from mountains near Morales, San Luis Potosf. Branches glandular-puberulent; leaves deltoid-ovate, acuminate, crenulate, puberulent, petiolate; racemes 15 cm. long or less; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long. “Mirto grande.” 55. Salvia lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20; 309. 1885. Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona; type from Huachuca Mountains. Plants suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high, puberulent; leaves ovate or deltoid- ovate, crenulate, green, slender-petiolate; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, glandular- puberulent. 56. Salvia neurepia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 535. 1900. San Luis Potosf and Mexico; type from Morales, San Luis Potosf. Plants suffrutescent, the branches puberulent or villous; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, rounded to subcordate at base, crenate, pubescent; racemes short or elongate; calyx 10 to 13 mm. long. “Mirto” (San Luis Potos{). A decoction of the plant is a local remedy for fevers and headache. 57. Salvia pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 391. 1894. Type from Tequila, Jalisco. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches glabrate; leaves ovate, 4 to 9.5 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrate, slender-petiolate; racemes dense ; calyx 1.5 cm. long; corolla rose-purple, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, villous. 58. Salvia involucrata Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 3. pl. 105. 1793. Salvia laevigata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 295. pl. 147. 1817. Mexico, Hidalgo, and Puebla. Guatemala. Plants suffrutescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acumi- nate, crenate-serrate, paler beneath; racemes dense, elongate; calyx about 1.5 cm. long, red or purplish. 59. Salvia pulchella DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 142. 1813. Chiapas. Guatemala. Plants large, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves broadly ovate, 8 cm. long or less, acuminate, crenate, paler beneath; racemes elongate; calyx green; co- rolla red, about 3 cm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1267 60. Salvia adenophora Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 538. 1900. Oaxaca; type from Jayacatlan. Shrub, the branches glandular-pilose; leaves cordate-ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate, tomentose beneath; racemes 30 cm. long or less; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long in anthesis; corolla red. 61. Salvia fulgens Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 15. pl. 28. 1791. Salvia cardinalis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 300. pl. 152. 1817. Salvia boucheana Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1845. Salvia grandiflora Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 7. 1887. Zacatecas to Michoacén and Puebla. Plants 1 to 3 meters high, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, cordate or rounded at base; racemes short or elongate; corolla red. 62. Salvia orizabensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 538. 1900. Type from Mount Orizaba. Stems short-pilose, glandular above; leaves ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, sub- cordate at base; calyx 15 to 17 mm. long in anthesis. 63. Salvia chiapensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 544. 1900. Chiapas. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems puberulent below, villosulous above: leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute, serrate, canescent- tomentose beneath; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long in anthesis. 64. Salvia antennifera Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 168. 1894. Type from Chiapas. Shrub, the stems villous; leaves 10 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely pilose, serrate; calyx about 8 mm. long, glandular-pilose. 65. Salvia curviflora Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 284. 1834. Michoacin and Hidalgo; type from Tlalpujahua, Michoacan. Plants fruticose, the branches tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, crenate- serrate, tomentose beneath. 66. Salvia miniata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 545. 1900. Chiapas. Glabrate shrub; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 15 to 20 cm. long, sharply serrate; corolla 3 to 3.2 cm. long, red. 67. Salvia aristulata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11°: 67. 1844. Salvia longistyla Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 295. 1834. Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Capulalpan, Oaxaca. Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-ovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, thin, green; racemes elongate, lax: calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, curved. 68. Salvia cyclophylla Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 85: 551. 1900. Type collected between Tlapancingo, Oaxaca, and Tilalixtaquilla, Guerrero. Shrub; leaves rounded-cordate, 6 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex, crenate, thin, sparsely short-pilose; calyx glandular-pilose; corolla 25 to 27 mm. long. 69. Salvia incana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11°: 68. 1844. Type from Tehuacfin, Puebla. Plants suffrutescent, canescent-hirsute; leaves cordate-ovate, 2.5 cm. long, acutish, crenate, whitish-tomentose beneath; racemes short; corolla 3.5 cm. long. 1268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 70. Salvia perlonga Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 546. 1900. Type from the Sierra Madre near Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Shrub, the branches hispid-pilose; leaves acuminate, crenate, green and rugose above, whitish-tomentose beneath; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long; calyx purplish, 18 mm. long; corolla 3 em. long, red. 71. Salvia graciliflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 75. 1844. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Stems suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 5 em. long, acuminate, serrate; racemes short; calyx canescent-tomentose; corolla about 2.5 cm. long. 72. Salvia purpurea Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 52. pl. 166. 1793. Salvia afinis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 99. 1830. Salvia purpurea pubens A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 22: 446. 1887. Durango and Jalisco to Chiapas and Veracruz. Central America. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems usually minutely puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, serrate; racemes dense, short or elongate; calyx usually purple-tomentose. ‘ Chichinguaste” (Guatemala). 73. Salvia littae Visiana, Padov. Nuov. Sagg. 6: 87. 1847. Oaxaca, Stems chiefly herbaceous, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or rounded- ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acute, crenate-serrate; racemes dense; corolla pur- plish-villous. 74, Salvia rosei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 548. 1900. Type collected between Colotlin and Bolafios, Jalisco. Shrub; leaves ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate; racemes 10 cm. long or less; calyx puberulent; corolla 2.5 to 3 em. long. 75. Salvia arbuscula Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 421. 1910. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacfn or Guerrero, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub, 2.5 meters high, the branches lanate; leaves ovate, about 10 em. long, acuminate, subcordate at base, white-tomentose beneath; racemes elon- gate; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 76. Salvia iodantha Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 547. 1900. Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 2,340 meters. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the stems puberulent ; leaves 7 cm. long or less, short-acuminate, serrate; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long, subsecund ; calyx in anthesis 5 mm. long; corolla slightly more than 2 cm, long. 77. Salvia michoacana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 548. 1900. Jalisco and Michoacin; type from Patzcuaro, Michoacfn. Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, crenate or serrate; racemes dense, 5 to 15 em. long; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long. 78. Salvia nervata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 77. 1844, Type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems puberulent; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate; racemes secund, lax; calyx 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla about 3.5 cm. long. 79. Salvia karwinskii Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 725. 1834. Type from somewhere in Mexico. Stems lanate; leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, lanate beneath; calyx glandular-villous. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1269 80. Salvia cinnabarina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11?: 63, 1844. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 3 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrulate, thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath; racemes elongate; corolla bright red, about 3 em. long. 81. Salvia elegans Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 238. 1804. Salvia incarnata Cav. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 2: 112. 1800. Not S. incarnata Etling. 1777. Salvia punicea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11*: 65. 1844. Salvia microcalyz Scheele, Linnaea 22: 589. 1849. Salvia longiflora Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 8. 1887. Salvia elegans sonorensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 550. 1900. Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Plants fruticose or herbaceous; leaves chiefly ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, serrate or crenate, pubescent or glabrate beneath; racemes lax, elongate; corolla bright red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. 82. Salvia mollissima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11?: 71. 1844. Type from Oaxaca. Stems chiefly herbaceous, hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 7.5 ecm. long, acuminate, crenate, white-tomentose beneath ; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long; corolla 2.5 em. long. 83. Salvia coccinea Juss.; Murr. Comm. Gétt. 1: 86. pl. 1. 1778. Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 302. 1788. Salvia ciliata Benth. Lab. Gen & Sp. 286. 1834. Salvia galeottii Mart.; Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 75, 1844. Salvia coccinea pseudococeinea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 530. 1891. Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén to Tepic, Chiapas, and Yucatin. Widely dis- tributed in tropical America. Stems usually herbaceous but sometimes suffrutescent, commonly hirsute; leaves ovate or deltoid, 1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute, crenate, tomentose or pubescent beneath; racemes short or elongate; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long; corolla about 2.5 cm. long, bright red. ‘‘ Mirto” (Nuevo Leén). This species is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant under the names “salvia” and “scarlet sage.” Several horticultural forms are known. 3. CUNILA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1359. 1759. Low shrubs or herbs; leaves serrate or entire; flowers small, in dense or loose clusters, these axillary or in terminal spikes; calyx tubular, 10 to 13- nerved, barbate in the throat, the 5 teeth subequal; corolla bilabiate ; sta- mens 2. Bractlets equaling the calyx; flowers sessile or nearly so, in dense spikes. 1. C. lythrifolia. Bractlets much shorter than the calyx; flowers pedicellate. Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, usually 3 times as long. 2. C. longiflora. Corolla less than twice as long as the calyx. Flower clusters arranged in rounded cymes__-----~---- 3. C. pycnantha. Flower clusters spicate. Leaves densely tomentose beneath____---------------- 4, C. tomentosa. Leaves thinly villous or glabrate beneath. Stems villosulous_-~----------~--------------------- 5. C. polyantha. Stems glabrous_----------------------------------- 6. C. leucantha. 1270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 1. Cunila lythrifolia Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1289. 1829. ?Cunila stachyoides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 190. 1844. Hidalgo, Mexico, and Morelos. Plants 0.6 to 2 meters high, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems densely pilose; leaves lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, ser- rulate, tomentulose beneath; spikes very dense, villous; corolla purplish. Cunila stachyoides was described from Orizaba. 2. Cunila longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 444. 1887. Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco. Plants slender, suffrutescent ; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, serrulate or entire, thinly tomentulose beneath; flowers in lax pedunculate cymes; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long. The writer has seen no specimens of C. secunda 8. Wats.,7 which was de- scribed from Guanajuato, where it is said to be known as “ poleo de cerro.” From the description it can not be distinguished from ¢. longiflora, and prob- ably Watson’s name should replace C. longiflora. 3. Cunila pycnantha Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 391. 1894. Jalisco, Michoacfin, and Morelos; type from Nevado de Colima, altitude 2,100 meters. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, serrulate or entire, nearly gla- brous; corolla white, 5 mm. long. 4. Cunila tomentosa Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 565. 1900. Type collected between Plunia and San Miguel Suchistepec, Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 meters. Stems sharply quadrangular; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to & cm. long, acuminate, entire or serrulate; corolla 3 mm. long. 5. Cunila polyantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 362. 1834. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. Guatemala. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, acute to long- acuminate, entire or serrulate, thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath; corolla white, about 4 mm. long. , 6. Cunila leucantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 361. 1834. Described from Mexico. Leaves ovate-oblong, 12 to 16 mm. long, entire, glabrous; cymes lax, 16 to 20-flowered, the pedicels pubescent; corolla white. The writer has seen no specimens agreeing with the original description. 4. POLIOMINTHA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 295. 1870. Low shrubs; leaves entire; flowers pink or purple, clustered in the leaf axils; calyx tubular, 13 to 15-striate, barbate in the throat, the 5 teeth equal or nearly so; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip erect, emarginate, the lower 8-cleft, the tube equaling or longer than the calyx; stamens 2. The following species are the only ones known. Flowers 2 to 8.5 em. long. Leaves oval to broadly ovate__....--- 1. P. longiflora. Leaves linear-oblong.-.--. ~- == 5-2, P. bicolor. *Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 136. 1883. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1271 Flowers less than 1.5 cm. long. Leaves linear; calyx villous-hirsute_______-_-----+------------ 3. P. incana. Leaves oblong to suborbicular; calyx tomentulose. Leaves glabrate, the pubescence simple__ == 4. P. glabrescens. Leaves densely stellate-tomentose. Leaves orbicular-ovate; corolla tube short-exserted__---- 5. P. marifolia, Leaves oblong-ovate; corolla tube long-exserted_--------- 6. P. mollis. 1. Poliomintha longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 296. 1870. Coahuila. Shrub, about 30 em. high; leaves 5 to 10 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, canescent-tomentulose beneath with simple hairs, green above; corolla 25 to 3.5 cm. long, red. ‘ Orégano.” The leaves are used for flavoring food and for making a beverage like tea. 2. Poliomintha bicolor S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 160. 1890. Hedeoma bicolor Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2: 185, 1898. Type from Sierra de la Silla, Nuevo Leon, altitude 1,500 meters. Densely branched shrub, 30 cm. high or less; leaves 4 to 8 mm. long, obtuse, densely white-tomentulose beneath with simple hairs, glabrous above; corolla about 3 cm. long. 8. Poliomintha incana (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 296. 1870. Hedeoma incana Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 130. 1859. Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas to Arizona and Utah. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, densely whitish-tomentu- lose with simple hairs; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, pale purplish. The Hopi Indians of Arizona boil and eat the leaves and use the flowers for seasoning food. 4. Poliomintha glabrescens A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 549. 1882. Type from Soledad, southwest of Monclova, Coahuila. Western Texas. Low glabrate shrub; leaves oblong, 7 to 18 mm. long, obtuse, conspicuously punctate; corolla about 12 mm. long. 5. Poliomintha marifolia (Schauer) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 365. 1870. Keithia marifolia Schauer, Linnaea 20: 705. 1847. San Luis Potosf and Hidalgo; type from Zimapfn, Hidalgo. Leaves petiolate, 5 to 15 mm. long, rounded or very obtuse at apex, white- tomentulose; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long. 6. Poliomintha mollis (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 365. 1870. Hedeoma mollis Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 129, 1859. Western Texas; type collected along the Rio Grande at Puerto de Paisano; doubtless extending into Mexico. Leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse or acutish, petiolate; corolla 12 mm. long. 6. SALAZARIA Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. 1859. The genus was named for Don José Salazar, Mexican Commissioner of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. It consists of a single species. 1. Salazaria mexicana Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. pl. 39. 1859. Baja California, Chihuahua, and Coahuila; type collected in Chihuahua below Presidio del Norte. Utah to southern California. 1272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branches densely white-tomentose ; leaves remote, short-petiolate, oblong to ovate, 2 em. long or less, obtuse, entire or nearly so; flowers in few-flowered racemes; calyx subglobose, in fruit inflated and bladderlike, 1.5 cm, long, purplish, reticulate-veined; corolla about 2 cm. long, purplish; stamens 4. 7. OCIMUM L. Sp. Pl. 597. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs; leaves petiolate, toothed; flowers in verticillate racemes; calyx deflexed in fruit, campanulate or ovoid, 5-lobate, the lobes unequal; corolla white or nearly so, the tube usually shorter than the calyx; stamens 4. Calyx hirtellous or puberulent, the upper lobe decurrent nearly or quite to the base of the tube__-_--__---_u-_____ 1. O. micranthum. Calyx glabrous, the upper lobe decurrent to the middle of the tube or less. 2. O. sellowii. 1. Ocimum micranthum Willd. Enum. Pl. 630. 1809. Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatin, and Colima. West Indies; Central and South America. Plants essentially annual but sometimes suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 2 to 9 em. long, acute or obtuse, serrate or subentire, puberulent or glabrate; racemes 2 to 10 em. long; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long in fruit; corolla 4 mm. long. “Albahaca cimarrona ” (Porto Rico) ; “albahaca silvestre” (Guatemala); “ albahaca,” “albahaca montés ” (El Sal- vador). Ocimum campechianum Mill,’ described from Campeche, is probably not essentially different. It is said by Bentham to be more pubescent than 0. micranthum. Specimens from the Yucatéin Peninsula seen by the writer do not differ from the usual forms of O. micranthum. In El Salvador bunches of the leaves of this plant are put in the ears as a remedy for earache. 2. Ocimum sellowii Benth. Lab. & Gen. Sp. 6. 1834. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz. Brazil. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, coarsely serrate; racemes 10 to 20 cm, long; calyx in fruit 8 mm. long; corolla 4 mm. long. 8. TRICHOSTEMA L. Sp. Pl. 598. 1753. Herbs or low shrubs; leaves entire; flowers in axillary clusters or in thyrsi- form panicles; calyx 5-dentate, 10-nerved, the limb equal or oblique; corolla tube slender, the limb subequally 5-lobate; stamens 4, the anterior ones longer. Leaves linear; corolla tube short-exserted_________..__ 1. T. parishii. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic; corolla tube not exserted__2. T. arizonicum. 1. Trichostema parishii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 173. 1880. Trichostema lanatum denudatum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 459. 1886. Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego County. Low shrub; leaves 1 to 4.5 cm. long, sessile, glabrate above, tomentulose beneath, the margins revolute; inflorescence thyrsiform, nearly naked, covered with purple wool; corolla about 1 cm. long; stamens long-exserted. * Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Ocimum no. 5. 1768. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1273 2. Trichostema arizonicum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 871. 1872. Northeastern Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico; type from Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Plants 60 em. high or less, woody below, puberulent; leaves petiolate, 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse; flower clusters axillary, on long slender peduncles; corolla blue or whitish, 1 cm. long. 9. CLINOPODIUM L. Sp. Pl. 587. 1753. Small shrubs or herbs; leaves entire or dentate; flowers axillary; calyx tubular, 13-nerved, bilabiate, the posterior lip 3-dentate, the anterior one 2- parted; corolla tube usually exserted, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4. One herbaceous species occurs in Baja California. Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long; petioles about as long as the blades. 1. C. oaxacanum. Leaves mostly 3 to 7 cm. long; petioles much less than half as long as the blades. Branches villous-hirsute_--------------~--------------- 2. C. macrostemum Branches finely puberulent or glabrous_----------------- 3. C. laevigatum. 1, Clinopodium oaxacanum (Fernald) Standl. Calamintha oaracana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 85: 564. 1900. Type collected between El Parifin and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters. Shrub with slender glabrate branches; leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, sharply serrate; flowers solitary in the leaf axils; corolla red, about 3 cm. long. 2, Clinopodium macrostemum (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 515. 1891. Calamintha macrostema Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 229. 1848. Mexico and Morelos, and perhaps in neighboring States. Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate, serrate, sparsely villous-hirsute beneath; corolla about 3 cm. long. ‘“ Taba- quillo,” “té del monte ” (Mexico). A decoction of the plant is employed as a remedy for affections of the stom- ach and intestines. The leaves are employed as a substitute for Chinese tea. 3. Clinopodium laevigatum Standl, sp. nov. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca (Nelson 1117; U. S. Nat. Herb. no 565856). Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the branchlets minutely puberulent or glabrate, barbate at the nodes; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate-oblong, 2 to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrate or subentire, usually glabrous but sometimes sparsely scabrous above and hirtellous be- neath along the costa; flowers in few-flowered axillary pedunculate cymes; calyx about 9 mm. long, glabrous; corolla about 2.5 cm. long. “ Poleo” (Sina- loa); “nurite,” ‘ té nurite” (Michoacin); “ guie-zaa” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “hierba del borracho” (Oaxaca) ; “té del monte” (Oaxaca, Michoa- efin). Tea made from the leaves, sweetened with sugar, is a popular beverage in some places along the western coast of Mexico. It is considered a remedy for kidney troubles and a good tonic after malarial and other fevers. 10. HYPTIS Jacq. Coll. Bot. 1: 101. 1786. Shrubs or herbs; leaves usually toothed; calyx tubular, ovoid, or campanu- late, the 5 lobes equal; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip erect or spreading, the lcwer saccate; stamens 4. Numerous herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico. 1274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers in loose panicles. Corolla 2 cm. long or larger. Leaves clasping at base; calyx minutely glandular-puberulent_1. H. nelsonii. Leaves not clasping; calyx glandular-hispid 2. H. langlassei. Flowers in heads, umbels, or fascicles, these variously arranged. Calyx lobes spreading in fruit. Calyx lobes in fruit equaling or usually shorter than the tube. 3. H. stellulata. Calyx lobes longer than the tube________-_________ 4. H. mociniana. Calyx lobes erect in fruit. Flowers sessile or nearly so. Calyx in fruit 8 to 10 mm. long__.._.-_ 5. H. rhytidea. Calyx about 2 mm. long___------ 6. H. seemanni. Flowers all or mostly slender-pedicellate. Flowers clusters all sessile or nearly so. Leaves with a very dense, minute, close tomentum on the upper sur- 2 : ee a ee eee 7. H. tephrodes. Leaves with a coarse tomentum on the upper surface, or the tomentum fine but sparse. Leaves lance-oblong to oblong-ovate, usually acute or acuminate. 8. H. albida. Leaves mostly rounded-ovate and very obtuse____12. H. emoryi. Flower clusters all or mostly pedunculate, Lobes of the calyx half as long as the tube or less___9. H. tomentosa, Lobes of the calyx more than half as long as the tube, Leaves soon glabrate, green. : Calyx lobes linear-subulate; leaves broadly ovate, usually acute. 10. H. laniflora. Calyx lobes lanceolate; leaves suborbicular, rounded at apex. 11. H. insularis. Leaves densely whitish-tomentose on one or both surfaces. 12. H. emoryi. 1. Hyptis nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 366. 1900. Type collected between San Sebastifin and summit of Monte Bufa de Mascota, Jalisco, altitude 1,850 meters. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 15 to 20 cm. long, attenuate, serrulate or entire, glabrous; panicles 40 to 50 cm. long, lax; calyx in fruit 1 em. long. 2. Hyptis langlassei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 422. 1910. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacfin or Guerrero, altitude 1,800 meters. Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves lanceolate, 10 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, sub- cuneate at base, acutely dentate, glabrous; calyx in fruit 8 to 9 mm. long; corolla red. 3. Hyptis stellulata Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834. Hyptis pubescens Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834. Hyptis spinulosa Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834. Hyptis punctata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 186. 1844. Sonora to Oaxaca and Morelos. Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate or ovate-oval, 2 to 8 cm. long, obtuse to long- attenuate, serrate, puberulent or tomentulose beneath ; flowers sessile or nearly so in dense clusters, these spicate-paniculate: corolla white. “ Salvia cimar- rona” (Sinaloa). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1275 4. Hyptis mociniana Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129, 1834. Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America. Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, tomentulose be- neath; flowers sessile in dense clusters, these spicate-paniculate; corolla white. ** Verbena montés,” “ chichinguast6n ” (El Salvador). 5. Hyptis rhytidea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 21. 18389. Sinaloa and Durango to Jalisco and Aguascalientes; type from Aguascali- entes, Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 4 to 13 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate, coriaceous, scabrous above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence spicate-paniculate. ‘ Sal- via prieta” (Sinaloa). Used in Sinaloa as a remedy for fevers. 6. Hyptis seemanni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 407. 1886. Hyptis seemanni stenophylla Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 267. 1904. Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Shrub; leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. long, at- tenuate, crenate or serrate, tomentose beneath; flower heads small, sessile, spicate-paniculate ; calyx densely villous in the throat and outside. “Salvia” (Sinaloa). 7. Hyptis tephrodes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 164. 1861. Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. ; Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute, crenate or serrate; flower clusters spicate-paniculate, the panicles nearly naked; calyx densely white-lanate. Doubtfully distinct from H. albida. 8. Hyptis albida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 319. 1817. Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf, Guanajuato, and Guerrero; type from Lake Cuitzeo, Guanajuato. Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves 2 to 6 cm. long, crenate-serrate, prominently reticulate-veined; flower clusters spi- eate-paniculate, the panicles leafy or naked; calyx densely white-lanate; co- rolla blue. “Salvia” (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Aguascalientes) ; “orégano” (Sina- loa) ; “salvia real” (Guerrero). The leaves are sometimes used for flavoring food. In Sinaloa they are employed as a remedy for ear-ache, and in Guerrero a decoction of the plant is used in fomentations to relieve rheumatic pains. 9. Hyptis tomentosa Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 7: 469. 1806. Puebla and Guerrero to Chiapas. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, stellate-tomentose; leaves oblong to ovate or oval, 1 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, crenate; flower clusters chiefly axillary, the flowers long-pedicellate; calyx stellate-tomentose; corolla about 12 mm. long, violet. 10. Hyptis laniflora Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 42. pl. 20. 1844. Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves 1 to 4.5 cm. long, coarsely dentate, coriaceous; flower clusters on long, slender, usually glabrous, purplish pe- duncles; calyx densely white-lanate. “ Salvia.” A decoction of the plant is administered as a remedy for fevers. 1276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 11. Hyptis insularis (Standl. & Goldm.) Standl. Mesosphaerum insulare Standl. & Goldm. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 18: 375. 1911. ° Type from Espfritu Santo Island, Baja California. Shrub with spreading branches; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, rounded or truncate at base, sinuate-dentate; peduncles slender, glabrous; calyx 6 mm, long, densely lanate. Probably only a form of H. laniflora. 12. Hyptis emoryi Torr. in Ives, Rep. Colo. Riv. 20. 1861. Sonora, Tepic, and Baja California. Southern Arizona and California. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 1 to 5 cm. long, crenate or coarsely dentate; flower clusters axillary or in nearly naked panicled racemes; calyx densely lanate; corolla violet, about 4 mm. long. “Salvia” (Sonora, Baja California). Hyptis palmeri S. Wats.', described from Guaymas, Sonora, is probably not distinct. 11. MONARDELLA Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 331. 1834. At least two herbaceous species occur in Baja California, 1. Monardella thymifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 211. 1885. Cedros Island, Baja California. Low shrub, puberulent throughout: leaves ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, entire or remotely serrulate, short-petiolate; flowers in dense terminal heads, the bracts large and conspicuous; calyx tubular, 7 mm. long, equally 5-dentate; stamens 4. 12. SPHACELE Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. pl. 1289. 1829, Plants woody or suffrutescent; leaves crenate; flowers solitary or in few- flowered clusters, axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx campanulate, about 10-nerved, reticulate-veined, 5-dentate, the teeth subequal; corolla tube am- pliate above, the limb scarcely bilabiate, 4-lobate; stamens 4. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils; leaves 1 to 2 em. long_.____ 1. S. mexicana. Flowers in terminal racemiform panicles ; leaves 10 to 25 cm. long. 2. S. hastata. 1. Sphacele mexicana Schauer, Linnaea 20: 707. 1847, San Luis Potosf, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo. Shrub, 30 cm. high or less, densely stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves petiolate, triangular-hastate, obtuse, crenate, rugose, the margins revolute; flowers short-pedicellate, hidden among the leaves; calyx 6 mm. long. 2. Sphacele hastata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 341. 1862, Baja California. Hawaii. Plants tall and coarse, perhaps wholly herbaceous, thinly or densely stellate. tomentose; leaves narrowly triangular-hastate, acute or acuminate, petiolate; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla 2.5 em. long or less, 13. GARDOQUIA Ruiz & Pay. Prodr. Fl. Peruy. Chil. 86. 1794. Small shrubs; leaves entire or serrate; flowers solitary or clustered in the leaf axils; calyx tubular, 13-nerved, the 5 teeth subequal; corolla tube usually exserted, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4. *Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 68. 1889. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1277 Leaves linear-oblong, entire--_------------------------ 1. G. micromerioides, Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, serrate. Leaves 2 to 8 mm. long_-------------.-- -------------------- 2. G. helleri. Leaves mostly 5 to 9 mm. long__------------------------ 3. G. mexicana. 1. Gardoquia micromerioides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 550. 1882. San Luis Potosf. Plant suffrutescent, 40 cm. high or less, glabrate; leaves subsessile, 6 to 18 mm. long; flowers solitary, 12 to 18 mm. long; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long. 2. Gardoquia helleri Peyr. Linnaea 30: 34. 1859. Type from Tepetitlin, Orizaba, Veracruz, altitude 2,400 to 2,700 meters. Small much-branched shrub; leaves short-petiolate, acutish, 2 to 4-dentate, glabrous; flowers solitary; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, corolla 18 to 25 mm. long. Probably only a form of G. mevricana. 3. Gardoquia mexicana Benth, Pl. Hartw. 50. 1840. Hidalgo to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Regla, Hidalgo. Low shrub, the branchlets minutely puberulent; leaves petiolate, obtuse or acute, serrulate, glabrous; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla 22 to 34 mm. long. 148. SOLANACEAE. Potato Family. Shrubs or trees or often herbs, erect or scandent, often armed with prickles, the pubescence frequently of branched hairs; leaves mostly alternate, simple or compound; flowers perfect, usually in cymes, regular or nearly so; calyx in- ferior, usually 5-parted, -gamosepalous ; corolla gamopetalous, varying from tubular to rotate, the limb usually 5-lobate; stamens aS many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, attached to the corolla tube; style simple, the stigma discoid or bilamellate; fruit baccate or capsular, many-seeded. Several genera besides those listed are represented in Mexico by herbaceous species. Ovary 1-celled___------------------------------------- 13. LITHOPHYTUM. Ovary with 2 or more cells. Fruit capsular____-------------------------------------- 1. NICOTIANA. Fruit baccate. Embryo straight or nearly so. Leaves entire. Fruit many-seeded; corolla lobes imbricate_--------- 2, JUANULLOA. Fruit few-seeded; corolla lobes induplicate-valvate__—--_~- 3. CESTRUM. Embryo curved. Ovary 4-celled. Corolla lobes imbricate_.--------------------------- 4, SWARTZIA. Corolla lobes induplicate-valvate_-_--------------------- 5. DATURA. Ovary 2-celled. Corolla lobes imbricate__~----------------------------- 6. LYCIUM. Corolla lobes valvate or induplicate-valvate. Corolla funnelform__------------------------------ 7%. ACNISTUS. Corolla salverform or campanulate. Anthers opening by terminal pores_----~---------- 8. SOLANUM. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Calyx accrescent after anthesis. Calyx longer than the fruit and contracted above it. 9. ATHENAEA. Calyx equaling or shorter than the fruit, not contracted. 10. WITHANTIA. 1278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Calyx only slightly if at all accrescent. Corolla broadly campanulate, 5-angulate or shallowly lobate. 11. BRACHISTUS. Corolla subrotate, cleft to the middle or more deeply. 12. BASSOVIA. 1. NICOTIANA L. Sp. Pl. 180. 1753. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Best known among them, of course, is the tobacco (“tabaco”) plant, Nicotiana tabacum L. 1. Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 1828: 174. 1828. Sonora to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca. Western Texas to southern California ; native of Argentina and Uruguay, but thoroughly naturalized in some parts of North America, Glabrous shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 5 to 17 cm. long, acute or obtuse, entire, glau- cous; flowers greenish white, in lax terminal panicles; calyx tubular-campanu- late, 12 mm. long, 5-dentate; corolla tubular, about 4 em. long, villosulous, with narrow limb; fruit a 2-celled capsule, 1to1.5¢em.long. “ Virginio” (Chihuahua, Durango); “gigante” (Aguascalientes, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosf, Texas) ; “tabaquillo” (Oaxaca, Mexico); “tronadora” (Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Texas); “mostaza montés” (Oaxaca); “Don Juan” (Sonora); “lengua de buey” (Sinaloa); “ marihuana” (Sinaloa, Sonora) ; “arbol de tabaco” (Du- rango) ; “tabaco cimarr6n” (Mexico) ; “buena moza” (Querétaro) ; “ tepozfin extranjero” (Querétaro) ; “tabaco amarillo” (Jalisco) ; “ gretafia” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tabac6n,” “tacote,” “palo virgin” (Durango, Patoni); “ conetén” (Texas) ; “palo virgen,” “ Marquiana,” “hierba del gigante.” This plant is abundant in some parts of Mexico. It is reputed to be very poisonous. The leaves are often applied as poultices to relieve pain, especially headache. 2. JUANULLOA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 27. 1794. 1. Juanulloa mexicana (Schlecht.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 188. 1849, Laureria mewicana Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 513, 1833. Juanulloa aurantiaca Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 265, 1844. Juanulloa hookeriana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 189. 1849. Juanulloa elliptica Ruiz & Pav.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 530, 1852. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas: type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera- cruz. Shrub, usually epiphytic; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to ovate, 6 to 22 em. long, rounded to acute at apex, acute to rounded at base, glabrous above, stel- tate-puberulent or tomentose beneath, entire; flowers in few-flowered long- pedunclate cymes; calyx 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, cleft into 5 oblong-lanceolate lobes, stellate-tomentulose; corolla tubular, 4 to 4.5 em. long, orange or reddish; fruit baccate. 3. CESTRUM L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753. Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, entire; flowers whitish, yellowish, red, or purple, in cymes; calyx 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla salverform or funnelform, with long tube, the limb with 5 usually spreading lobes: stamens included, the filaments filiform, often appendaged ; fruit a 2-celled berry. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1279 Corolla red, purple, or yellow, somewhat ampliate above, contracted at the mouth. Calyx lobes very short, obtuse. Corolla yellow, glabrous___.1. C. flavescens. Calyx lobes usually elongate, acute to attenuate. Corolla glabrous. : Leaves glabrous beneath__---~-----------------~----- 2. C. endlicheri. Leaves tomentose or villous beneath. Calyx glabrous_--------~-- = _.____--3. C, purpureum, 4, C. roseum. Calyx villous - 2 = Corolla puberulent or villous outside. Corolla lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, short, erect___5. C. fasciculatum. Corolla lobes lance-oblong, elongate, spreading---------- 6. C. benthami. Corolla usually white or greenish, the tube gradually broadened from base to apex, not contracted at the mouth. Filaments appendaged at the point of insertion. Leaves tomentose, pubescent, or puberulent beneath. Pubescence of stellate hairs. Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx---------- 7%. C. lanatum. Corolla less than twice as long as the calyx_------_8. C. pacificum. Pubescence of simple hairs. Corolla tube 8 to 10 mm. long_--_- ae _.9. C, dumetorum. Corolla tube 18 mm. long--—- re eae 10. C. hirtellum. Leaves glabrous beneath. Leaves coriaceous, mostly 5 to 8 em. wide_---------- 11. C. laurifolium., Leaves thin or only slightly coriaceous, mostly less than 5 em. wide. Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long. Corolla 20 to 26 mm, long_----------------- 12. C. oblongifolium. Corolla 15 mm. long-------------------------- 13. C. pedunculare. Calyx 2 to 3 mm. long a ___-.-14,. C. nocturnum. Filaments not appendaged. Tube of the corolla twice as long as the calyx or shorter. Calyx 10 to 15 mm. long = _.15. C. fulvescens. Calyx 8 mm. long or less. Calyx villous or tomentose-------------------- 16. C. confertiflorum. Calyx glabrous. Calyx 4 mm. long = eee eee eee 17. C. anagyris. Calyx 6 to 8 mm. long 18. C. thyrsoideum. Tube of the corolla usually more than 3 times as long as the calyx. Corolla 8 to 12 mm. long; stigma short-exserted_------- 19. C. diurnum. Calyx 14 to 25 mm. long or larger; stigma usually included. Calyx 2 to 2.5 mm. long_----------------------------- 20. C. viride. Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long. Leaves thick, the lateral nerves nearly obsolete; corolla brownish or rufescent when dry = 21, C. laxum. Leaves thin, the lateral nerves conspicuous beneath ; corolla greenish when dry__-------------- - 22. C. nitidum. 1. Cestrum flavescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 572. 1899. Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded- ovate, 8 to 5 cm. long, acuminate to very obtuse at apex; flowers pedicellate ; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous ; corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long, orange. 1280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2, Cestrum endlicheri Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot, 5: 151. 1846. Meyenia corymbosa Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 252. 1833. Not Cestrum corym- bosum Schlecht. 1832. Veracruz; type from Chiconquiaco. Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 13 cm. long or less, long-acuminate, rounded at base; flowers in lax elongate corymbs; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla red, 2 to 2.5 em. long. 3. Cestrum purpureum (Lindl.) Standl. Habrothamnus purpureus Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 80: pl. 43. 1844. Habrothamnus paniculatus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 148, 1845. Not Cestrum paniculatum H. B. K. 1819. Cestrum elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 261. 1847. Cestrum sylvaticum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 603. 1852. Cestrum elegans truncatum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 571. 1900. Veracruz and Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants. Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 6.5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, subcoriaceous; flowers in dense terminal cymes; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, purplish; corolla purple, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; fruit red-purple, 10 to 12 mm. long. “Flor del soldado” (Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ flor de colmena ” (Veracruz, Seler). Cestrum elegans truncatum is a form with subtruncate corolla limb. 4. Cestrum roseum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 59. pl, 197. 1819, Cestrum chiapense T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915. Hidalgo to Chiapas; type from Moran, Hidalgo; reported from Oaxaca. Shrub ; leaves oblong to elliptic-oval, 6.5 em. long or less, acute to rounded at apex, thin, petiolate; flowers sessile or nearly so, crowded, terminal and axil- lary; corolla pink or purplish, 2 to 2.5 em. long. ‘ Hediondilla ” (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Ramirez). It is possible that C. chiapense is a distinct species, but the specimens agree well with the descriptions of C. roseum. 5. Cestrum fasciculatum (Schlecht.) Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 151. 1846. Meyenia fasciculata Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 251. 1833. Cestrum hartwegi Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 599. 1852. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Guate- mala. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 13 cm. long or less, acute, rounded or obtuse at base, short-petiolate; flowers in dense, chiefly terminal cymes; calyx about 6 mm. long, villosulous or glabrate; co- rolla about 2 cm. long, red-purple; fruit globose, 12 mm. long. “Hierba del perro” (Oaxaca, Ramirez). 6. Cestrum benthami Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 151. 1846. Habrothamnus tomentosus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 49. 1840. Not Cestrum tomen- tosum L. f: 1781. Hidalgo, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Mexico; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 12 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, villous-tomentose beneath; flowers sessile, fasciculate chiefly terminal; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, villous; corolla purple, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long. STANDLEY——TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1281 7. Cestrum lanatum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 18. 1845. Durango and Tepic to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Mirador, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, 2 to 6 meters high ; legves mostly lanceolate or lance-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, densely stellate-tomentose beneath, at least when young; cymes dense, axillary and terminal; calyx densely tomentose; corolla greenish white, 13 to 17 mm. long; fruit about 1 em. long. “Ahuacatillo” (Guanajuato) ; “ candelilla ” (Durango); “zorrillo” (Costa Rica) ; “ cha- cuaco” (Veracruz) ; “palo hediondo,” “huele de noche” (El Salvador). The plant has a strong and disagreeable odor. A decoction of the wood is said to have cathartic properties, and is employed as a remedy for fevers. The black fruit is reported to yield a dye. The leaves are sometimes placed in hens’ nests to keep away vermin. 8. Cestrum pacificum T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 6. 1899. Socorro Island. Shrub, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, acute or obtuse, sometimes glabrate above in age; flowers mostly sessile, in terminal and axillary cymes; corolla 12 mm. long. 9. Cestrum dumetorum Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 61. 1832. 2Cestrum semivestitum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 651. 1852. Nuevo Leén to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Morelos; type from Veracruz. Shrub, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 16 cm. long or less, usually long-acuminate, glabrous above, sparsely villosulous or glabrate beneath; cymes small, mostly axillary; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, greenish yellow; fruit 1 cm. long or smaller, black. ‘“ Potonxihuite” (Oaxaca) ; “oalin,” “huele de dia” (Nuevo Leon); “palo hediondo” (Tamaulipas, El Salvador) ; “ chacuaco,” “ hediondilla,” “ tepozin” (Veracruz) ; ‘“ huele de noche” (Veracruz, El Salvador) ; “ tiscuite,” ‘“ hediondo” (El Salvador). A decoction of the plant is employed in Tamaulipas as a remedy for cutane- ous diseases. In El Salvador the plant is reputed to be poisonous to cattle. 10. Cestrum hirtellum Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 62. 1832. Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, near Jalapa, Veracruz. Leaves broadly or narrowly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, glabrate in age; calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla greenish white. 11. Cestrum laurifolium L’Hér. Stirp. Nov. 4: 69. 1785. Cestrum alaternoides Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. Mus. 70. 1804. Michoacin and Guerrero to Veracruz. West Indies ; Central America. Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves mostly elliptic-oblong and 11 to 16 ecm. long, lustrous, acute or short-acuminate; cymes lateral or axillary; calyx 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; co- rolla 12 to 16 mm. long, greenish white; fruit 7 to 9 mm. long. “Galin de dia” (Cuba), “ tiscuite,” “palo hediondo,” “huele de noche” (El Salvador). 12. Cestrum oblongifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 266. 1847. 2estrum lancifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 267. 1847. Type from Los Reyes; the type of C. lancifolium collected between Los Bafios and Puente de Dios, Veracruz. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, 11 cm. long or less, acumi- nate, glabrous; calyx 4 mm. long, pubescent. 1282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 13. Cestrum pedunculare Pav6n; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 618. 1852. Type from somewhere in Mexico. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5 cm. long or less, acuminate, glabrous; flowers in axillary pedunculate racemes; calyx 5 to 6 mm.,, long, glabrous. 14. Cestrum nocturnum L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753. Cestrum nocturnum mexicanum O. EB. Schluz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 256. 1909, Coahuila to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. West Indies and Central America. Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate; flowers mostly in axil- lary cymes; corolla 18 to 25 mm. long, greenish white; fruit 8 to 10 mm. long. “Huele de noche” (Puebla, Coahuila, Veracruz, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Guatemala) ; “ hierba hedionda ” (Ramirez) ; “ pipiloxihuitl ” (Ramirez) ; “ galin de tarde” (Oaxaca, Reko); “galin de noche” (Guatemala, Cuba); “dama de noche” (Porto Rico, Philippines) ; “reina de la noche” (Guatemala); “palo hedi- endo” (El Salvador). The flowers are very fragrant, especially at night. The juice dnd the fruit are reported to be poisonous, but an extract of the plant has been employed as an antispasmodic, especially for the treatment of epilepsy. The Mexican and Central American material (C. nocturnum mexicanum O. E. Schulz) differs from the West Indian in having slightly smaller flowers. C. graciliflorum Dunal? is probably a synonym. 15. Cestrum fulvescens Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 572. 1899. Cestrum arborescens T. §. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 256. 1908. Michoacfin to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Telixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, altitude 2,000 meters. Shrub, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 11 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate; cymes mostly axillary and racemiform, lax, the flowers mostly pedicellate; calyx angulate, somewhat inflated, contracted below into a slender stipe; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long; fruit 10 to 12 mm. long. 16. Cestrum confertiflorum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 263. 1847, Cestrum terminale Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13?: 608. 1852. Jalisco, Michoacan, and Mexico; type from Angangueo, Michoacfn. Shrub, about 2 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 9 to 15 em. long, acuminate, glabrous, pale beneath; cymes dense, chiefly in terminal panicles ; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla 14 to 16 mm. long. “Hierba de la mula” (Mexico, Villada). 17. Cestrum anagyris Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13): 608. 1852. Mexico; type from Toluca. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 5 em. long or less, acute, glabrous; flowers pedicellate ; curolla 10 to 11 mm. long. 18. Cestum thyrsoideum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 63. 1818. Cestrum persicaefolium Dunal in DC. Prodr. 137: 608. 1852. Cestrum involucratum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 610. 1852. Michoacin, Mexico, Puebla, and Tlaxcala; type from Chalco, Mexico. *In DC. Prodr. 187: 669. 1852. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1283 Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves petiolate, mostly oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 18 cm. long, acuminate or rarely obtuse, pale beneath; flowers in terminal panicled cymes; corolla about 1.5 cm. long. 19. Cestrum diurnum L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753. Sinaloa (probably cultivated) and Yucatan. West Indies. Shrub, usually about a meter high; leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, 6.5 to 12 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glabrous; flowers mostly in axillary pedunculate racemes: calyx 3.5 mm. long, glabrous or somewhat tomentose; corolla white; fruit about 6 mm. long. “Juan de noche” (Yucatin); “galin de dia” (Cuba). 20. Cestrum viride Moric.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13’: 606. 1852. Described from plants cultivated in Mexico; specimens from Puebla and Michoacin or Guerrero perhaps belong here. Shrub, 8 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 17 cm. long or less, long-acuminate, glabrous, short-petiolate, rounded or obtuse at base; flowers in axillary or terminal, often panicled cymes; corolla about 1.5 cm. long. 21. Cestrum laxum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 33. 1840. Cestrum psychotriaefolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 265. 1847. Cestrum bourgeauianum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 572. 1900. San Luis Potosf and Guanajuato to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Le6én, Guanajuato. Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves lanceo- late to oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate; cymes axillary and terminal, the flowers mostly pedicellate; corolla 16 to 22 mm. long. “ Paloma” (Veracruz). 22. Cestrum nitidum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 19. 1845. Michoacin to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 7 to 11 cm. long, acuminate; cymes chiefly in terminal panicles, the flowers mostly pedicellate; corolla 22 to 30 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. CESTRUM AMYGDALIFOLIUM Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13*: 653. 1852. Assigned doubtfully to Mexico. CESTRUM EHRENBERGIT Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18': 613. 1852. Type from Chapultepec. CESTRUM MULTINERVIUM Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13*: 611. 1852. Type collected between Tula and Tampico. CESTRUM PROPINQUUM Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 127: 147. 1845. Type from Jalapa, Veracruz. 4, SWARTZIA Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 360. 1791. Shrubs, often scandent; leaves entire; flowers large, white or yellow; calyx tubular, 2 to 5-lobate; corolla funnelform, the lobes broad, imbricate, spread- ing in anthesis; stamens 5, the filaments filiform; fruit baccate, 2-celled. Calyx and lower surface of leaves tomentose or pubescent_---~- 1, S. guttata. Calyx and leaves glabrous- 7 ape eee 2. S. nitida. 1284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Swartzia guttata (Don) Standl. Solandra guttata Don in Edwards, Bot. Reg. pl. 1551. 1832. Durango and Zacatecas, and perhaps elsewhere. Plants subscandent, 7 meters long or more, the stems 5 to 7 cm. in diameter; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, glabrate above, loosely tomentose beneath or finally glabrate; calyx 6 to 7 cm. long; corolla about 20 em. long, cream-colored, changing in age to snuff-colored and orange, with bands of purple inside. “ Floripondio del monte” (Durango). The flowers are fragrant. 2. Swartzia nitida (Zucc.) Standl. Solandra nitida Zuce. in Roem. Coll. Bot. 128. 1809. Datura mazima Sessé & Moe. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 25. 1887. Solandra selerae Dammer ; Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 617. 1895. Solandra hartwegii N. E. Brown, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1911: 345. 1911. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Scandent or erect shrub, glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, oblong to broadly elliptic, 7 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, lustrous; calyx 5 to 7 cm. long, the lobes acuminate; corolla 18 to 25 ecm. long, yellow, the limb 20 cm. broad or less. ‘“ Tecomaxochitl ” (Nahuatl); “copa de oro”; “bolsa de Judas”; “gorro de Napoleén”; “ tetona ” (Veracruz), A showy plant, often cultivated for ornament. The water contained in the calyx before the flowers open is said to be applied to the eyes to relieve in- flammation. This species has been reported from Mexico as Solandra grandifiora Swartz, a West Indian plant. Solandra macrantha Dunal, described from Cuba, is probably a synonym of 8S. nitida. 5. DATURA L. Sp. Pl. 179. 1753. REFERENCE: Safford, Synopsis of the genus Datura, Journ. Washington Acad. Sei. 11: 178-189. 1921. Shrubs or small trees, often herbs; leaves petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobate; flowers large, solitary; calyx elongate-tubular, persistent or deciduous; corolla funnelform, the limb 5-lobate; fruit capsular or baccate. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Calyx spathaceous, the limb split along one side but otherwise entire. 1. D. candida. Calyx limb 5-lobate. Calyx longer than the narrow tubular portion of the corolla__2. D. arborea. Calyx shorter than the narrow tubular portion of the corolla. 3. D. suaveolens. 1. Datura candida (Pers.) Pasquale, Cat. Ort. Bot. Nap. 36. 1867. Brugmansia candida Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 216. 1805. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America. Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate to oblong- ovate, 40 em. long or less, acuminate, entire or repand, villosulous or glabrate; flowers sweet-scented; corolla white, about 25 em. long, the lobes caudate- acuminate. ‘‘ Floripondio” (Querétaro, Jalisco, San Luis Potos{f, Oaxaca, El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “ floripundio,” “ trémbita ” (Michoacin, Leén) ; “ cam- panilla blanca” (Colima); “ almizclillo” (Ramirez) “campana” (Guate- mala); “reina de la noche” (Costa Rica) ; “ florifundia,” “ floricundia ” (El Salvador). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1285 This plant is common in cultivation in the warmer parts of Mexico, being extremely showy when in flower. It has usually been known as D. arborea. Some of the cultivated forms have double flowers. It is, probably, this species of which Acosta wrote in 1606, as follows: “It is true that many of these flowers [of New Spain] are only good to look at, for their odor is not good, or is ordinary, or else they have none at all, but there are some of excellent odor. Such are those that grow on a tree called floripondio, which has no fruit, but bears only flowers, which are larger than fleur de lys, shaped like hand- bells, all white, and having within filaments such as one sees in a lily. It bears flowers all the year long, whose odor is wondrously sweet and pleasant, especially in the fresh morning air. The Viceroy Don Francisco de Tollede sent some of these trees to King Philip, as a thing worthy of being planted in the royal gardens.” 2. Datura arborea’ L. Sp. Pl. 179. 1753. The only Mexican specimens seen are from Sinaloa, where the plant is prob- ably cultivated. Native of South America, the type from Peru. Shrub or small tree; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, acuminate, entire or re- pand, villosulous; corolla white, 15 to 18 em. long, the lobes long-cuspidate ; fruit subglobose, about 6 cm. long, “ Floripondio ” (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador) ; “ borrachero,” “ guante” (Colombia) ; “ floripundio ” (Sinaloa). In Peru the leaves are applied as poultices to sores to relieve pain and ac- celerate suppuration. Datura sanguinea Ruiz & Pav., a South American species with red flowers, 1s cultivated about the City of Mexico. 3. Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. PI. 227. 1809. Yucatin, probably in cultivation. Central and South America. Shrub or small tree; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, mostly entire, finely villosulous or glabrate; corolla white, 25 to 30 cm. long, the lobes cuspidate. ‘“Campanilla,” “ flor de campana,”’ “ floripundio blanco,” “$rbol de la bibijagua ” (Cuba). 6. LYCIUM L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753. Shrubs, sometimes scandent, usually spiny; leaves entire, small; flowers solitary or fasciculate in the axils or in terminal cymes, white or purplish; calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 3 to 5-lobate; corolla funnelform or salverform, with short or elongate tube, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens included or exserted; fruit a globose or ovoid, 2-celled berry. The fruit of the Mexican species is edible but insipid. The Indians formerly made considerable use of it, sometimes drying and preserving it until winter. The leaves of L. barbarum L., of the Mediterranean region, have been em- ployed as a substitute for Chinese tea. The young shoots of L. europaeum L. are said to be eaten as a vegetable in Spain and Italy. Corolla tube 12 mm. long or more, tubular, only slightly ampliate above. Lobes of the calyx equaling or longer than the tube. Stamens exserted; lobes of the calyx nearly or fully twice as long as the tube_____-------_--------------------------------- 1. L. macrodon. Stamens included; lobes of the calyx about equaling the tube. Leaves glabrous__-_--------------------------------- 2. L. schaffneri. Leaves glandular-puberulent__-~--~------------------ 3. L. puberulum. 1286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube. Stamens exserted___ pee 4, L. exsertum. Stamens included. Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic, 5 to 20 mm. wide__5. L. umbellatum, Leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, usually less than 5 mm, wide. 6. L. gracilipes. Corolla tube 8 mm. long or less, often ampliate above, Pedicels strongly compressed, sharply angulate above; calyx lobes very un- equal, glabrous - = - -7. L. carinatum. Pedicels not compressed or sharply angulate; calyx lobes not very unequal or, if so, puberulent. Calyx lobes narrow, lanceolate or subulate, equaling or longer than the tube. Leaves glabrous; calyx lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long____8. L. geniculatum. Leaves usually puberulent ; calyx lobes mostly 2 to 4 mm. long. 9. L. richii. Calyx lobes broad, usually deltoid, shorter than the tube. Lobes of the corolla longer than the tube__________ 10. L. carolinianum, Lobes of the corolla shorter than the tube or rarely equaling it. Leaves sparsely short-pilose_.__........ | 11. L. retusum. Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent. Corolla 7 to 10 mm. long. Leaves glabrous. Leaves 3 mm. wide or less______.._ | 12. L. berlandieri. Leaves mostly 4 to 7 mm. wide_____._____ | 13. L. torreyi. Leaves puberulent___..-__-.__ boeeeeae 14, L. cedrosense. Corolla 4 to 6 mm. long. Tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx lobes. 15. L. californicum. Tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx lobes. Corolla lobes spreading or ascending______16. L. barbinodum, Corolla lobes recurved______-__--__.__ 17. L. peninsulare, 1. Lycium macrodon A, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46, 1862. Sonora. Type from southern Nevada or California. Spiny shrub; leaves oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic, 1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous; calyx 1 cm. long or less; corolla pale lilac, about 1.5 cm. long; fruit orange. 2. Lycium schaffneri A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 426. 1882. Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi; type from San Buis Potost. Leaves lance-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, sessile or nearly so; calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous; corolla 1.5 em. long; fruit about 8 mm. long. 3. Lycium puberulum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46. 1862. Western Texas, along the Rio Grande, and doubtless occurring in Mexico. Spiny shrub, about a meter high; leaves obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 8 to 15 mm. long, obtuse; calyx lobes spreading or recurved; corolla nearly 1.5 cm. long, white, the the lobes deltoid. 4. Lycium exsertum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 305. 1885. Sonora; type from Altar, Spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves spatulate-obovate or elliptic, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, viscid-puberulent; flowers slender- pedicellate; calyx about 6 mm. long, viscid-puberulent; corolla lobes very short, rounded; fruit orange or red. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1287 5. Lycium umbellatum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 74, 1890. Baja California; type from La Paz. Shrub, 2 to 3.5 meters high, unarmed or with spinose branchlets; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, short-petiolate, viscid-puberulent ; flowers long-pedicellate; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long, tubular; corolla purple, 1.5 em. long. 6. Lycium gracilipes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 81. 1877. Northern Sonora. Arizona; type from Williams Fork. Leaves 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse, attenuate to base, viscid-puberulent ; flowers long-pedicellate; calyx tubular-campanulate, 6 mm. long; corolla about twice as long as the calyx, purple or whitish, the lobes rounded. 7, Lycium carinatum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 65. 1889. Sonora; type from Guaymas. Thorny, glabrous shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves linear-spatulate or nar- rowly spatulate, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse; flowers slender-pedicellate; corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long. “Sal sieso ” (Palmer). 8. Lycium geniculatum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 566. 1900. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Tehuacin, Puebla. Spiny shrub; leaves oblong or obovate, 2.5 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, very glaucous, slender-petiolate; flowers in small terminal cymes, long-pedi- cellate; corolla 12 mm. long, the lobes cordate. 9. Lycium richii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46. 1862. Lycium palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 292. 1870. Lycium pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 305. 1885. Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from La Paz, Baja California. Southern California. Spiny shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, finely puberulent throughout; leaves obovate or oblanceolate, usually about 1 cm. long, obtuse or acute, sessile or nearly so; flowers short-pedicellate ; calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla lilac, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruit red. “ Frutilla” (Baja California). 10. Lycium carolinianum Walt. Fl. Carol. 84. 1788. ?Lycium guadrifidum Sessé & Moc. ; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 513. 1852. In saline marshes or alkaline soil, Baja California, Michoacin, and Tamauli- pas. Southern United States. Glabrous spiny shrub, the long branches trailing or subscandent; leaves oblanceolate-oblong to linear-spatulate, 3 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute; flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx irregularly lobate ; corolla purple, the limb subrotate, about 12 mm. broad. 11, Lycium retusum Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 120, 1894. Type from Oputo, Sonora. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves broadly obovate, 2 cm. long or less, petio- late, rounded or retuse at apex, cuneate at base; flowers slender-pedicellate ; calyx tubular, 5 mm. long, glandular-pubescent ; corolla 8 mm. long. 12. Lycium berlandieri Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 520. 1852. 2Lycium brevipes Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 40. 1844. Lycium senticosum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 188. 1854. Lycium stolidum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 191. 1854. Baja California to Nuevo Le6én and Hidalgo. Western Texas; type from San Antonio. Spiny shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse, about 1 em. long; flowers on long or short pedicels. “ Cilindrillo”” (Coahuila). 1288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 13. Lycium torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 47, 1862. Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern California; type collected in Texas on the Rio Grande. : Spiny shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less, ob- tuse or acute, attenuate to base; flowers short-pedicellate; corolla about 1 em. long, purplish; fruit red. “ Garambullo” (Chihuahua) ; “ tomatillo” (New Mexico). 14, Lycium cedrosense Greene, Pittonia 1: 268. 1889. Lycium andersonii pubescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 65. 1889. Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Spiny shrub, finely puberulent throughout; leaves obovate to narrowly spatu- late, 1 cm. long or less, obtuse; flowers short-pedicellate. 15. Lycium californicum Nutt.; A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 542, 1876. Baja California. Southern California ; type from San Diego. Low, stiff shrub; leaves linear or nearly so, 1 cm. long or less, very fleshy; flowers short-pedicellate; corolla white, the limb with 4 rounded lobes. 16. Lycium barbinodum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 138. 1854. Sonora and Sinaloa to Zacatecas and Coahuila. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with spinose branchlets; leaves linear-spatulate, mostly 1 cm. long or less, obtuse; corolla white. “ Agrita” (Zacatecas). 17, Lycium peninsulare T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 359. 1916, Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Spiny glabrous shrub; leaves linear-spatulate to obovate, 2 cm. long or less, rounded or obtuse at apex; flowers on short or elongate pedicels. Probably not distinct from L. barbinode. 7. ACNISTUS Schott, Wien. Zeitschr. 4: 1180, 1829. Unarmed shrubs; leaves entire; pedicels solitary or fasciculate; calyx campanulate, truncate or 5-dentate, not accrescent; corolla tubular or funnel- form, 5-lobate, the lobes induplicate-valvate; stamens 5; fruit a globose 2-celled berry. Corolla 12 mm. long__-_--_-------. 1. A. macrophyllus. Corolla 8 mm. long--__--__--__--_--e 2 A. pringlei. 1. Acnistus macrophyllus (Benth.) Stand. Lycium macrophyllum Benth. P). Hartw. 49. 1840. Acnistus benthami Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 342. 1845. Michoacfn; type from Morelia. Leaves petiolate, oblong, about 10 cm. long, acute at base and apex, glabrous above, puberulent beneath; calyx cupuliform, 3 to 4 mm, long. 2. Acnistus pringlei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 56. 1904. Type from Valley of Zamora, Michoacin, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub, 8 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lance-oblong 4 to 11 cm. long, acute, thinly tomentulose or glabrate beneath; calyx 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes obtuse; corolla glabrous; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter, Probably not distinct from A. macrophyllus. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1289 8. SOLANUM L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753. REFERENCES: Dunal in DC. Prodr, 181: 27-3887. 1852; O. E. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 149-249. 1909; Fernald, A revision of the Mexican and Central American Solanums of the subsection Torvaria, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 557-562. 1900. Shrubs or herbs, sometimes scandent, the pubescence often of branched hairs ; leaves entire, lobed, or pinnate; flowers usually cymose, racemose, or umbel- late; calyx campanulate, 5-dentate or 5-lobate ; corolla rotate, 5-angulate or 5- parted; filaments short, the anthers sometimes unequal, connate or connivent; fruit a globose berry. Many herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Hemsley lists 139 species of Solanum from Mexico and Central America, but it is doubtful whether so many occur in the region. A rather large number of shrubby species are known to the writer only from Dunal’s descriptions, and only a few of them have been placed in the following list. Many of them are based upon Pavon specimens which may have come from South America rather than Mexico. The genus contains several species of economic importance, among which may be noted the potato, Solanum tuberosum L., native of the South American Andes, and the eggplant (“berenjena”), Solanum melongena L., a native of Asia and Africa. A. Anthers short, the terminal pores usually anterior; plants never prickly. Flowers mostly axillary, the pedicels solitary or fasciculate. Calyx 5-lobate_- 1. S. geminiflorum. Calyx with numerous (usually 10) lobes, or the lobes obsolete. Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs. Calyx lobes obsolete___.----------------------------- 2. S. pringlei. Calyx lobes well developed. Calyx hirsute with long hairs_-------------- 3. S. amatitlanense. Calyx hirtellous with short subappressed hairs. 4. S. nyctaginoides. Pubescence of branched hairs, or the leaves sometimes glabrous. Pedicels and calyx hispid_-__-_-_---------------------- 5. S. purpusii. Pedicels and calyx glabrous or finely stellate-pubescent. Leaves usually rounded or obtuse at apex, nearly or fully as broad as long, broadly rounded or subcordate at base___6. S. lambii. Leaves acute to acuminate, much longer than broad or, if obtuse, acute at base. Corolla 6 mm. long__--------------------- 7, S. sideroxyloides. Corolla over 1 cm. long. Leaves densely and finely stellate-pubescent beneath. 8. S. lentum. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so. Leaves small, 5 em. long or less__-------- 9. S. nocturnum. Leaves mostly 6 to 14 cm. long. , Leaves subcoriaceous, lustrous__—_.----- 10. S. chiapense. Leaves thin, dull_____-__-_---------- 11. S. stephanocalyx. Flowers in cymes, racemes, or umbels, these all or mostly pedunculate, B. Leaves pinnate or pinnate-lobate, or hastate-lobate, sometimes simple but the plants then scandent. Leaves entire or hastate-lobate at base, or only the lower ones pin- natisect. 1290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves hastate-lobate at base. Corolla 5-parted ---29. 8. triquetrum. Corolla 5-angulate oo a a ee ee 30. S. xanti. Leaves not hastate-lobate. Anthers linear, about 3 times as long as broad; leaves glabrous beneath except along the costa.____________ 12. S. jasminoides. Anthers broadly oblong or oval, less than twice as long as broad; leaves short-villous beneath________-___ 13. S. macrantherum. Leaves all pinnate or pinnate-lobate. Pubescence of fine branched hairs; lobes of the leaves obtuse. 14, S. palmeri. Pubescence of simple hairs; leaf segments acute or acuminate, Corolla about 5 mm, long________________ 15. S. appendiculatum. Corolla about 10 mm. long. Leaves glabrous beneath_______.____ 16. S. seaforthianum. Leaves villosulous beneath__.._...... 17. S. galeotti. BB. Leaves simple, entire or toothed, never hastate-lobate; plants com- monly erect. C. Mature leaves densely Stellate-pubescent beneath over the whole surface. Flowers in few-flowered lateral umbels. Corolla lobes ascending____......... 18. S. lignescens. Corolla lobes reflexed. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves mostly simple. 19. S. plurifurcipilum. Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves all branched. 20. S. jaliscanum. Flowers in many-flowered cymes, these often terminal. Younger branches with coarse, conspicuously stipitate, branched 10:1 | yee ne Ae no 21. S. umbellatum. Younger branches with fine stellate hairs, these sessile or nearly so. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface or nearly so, attenuate at [1 eee eee ee ee 27. S. cervantesii, Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface or, if gla- brate, obtuse or rounded at base. Petioles very short, less than 1 cm. long; calyx shallowly and obtusely denticulate__....... 22. S. salviifolium, Petioles usually more than 1 em. long; calyx deeply dentate. Ovary tomentose; leaves velutinous-tomentose on the upper 11 by <0, - 23. S. verbascifolium. Ovary glabrous; leaves Stellate-scaberulous on the upper sur- face or glabrate. Hairs on the lower surface of the leaf extremely minute, the leaves appearing glabrous______ 24, S. plumense. Hairs on the lower surface of the leaf conspicuous. 25. S. bicolor. CC. Mature leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, the pubescence, if any, chiefly along or near the costa, or the leaves sometimes rather dense- ly pubescent with simple hairs. Flowers in large many-flowered cymes, these chiefly terminal. Branches winged_-___.---___..-§ 6 26. S. aligerum. Branches not winged--_--_____._.....__________a%.g. cervantesii, ’ STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1291 Flowers in few-flowered lateral umbels or racemes. Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs. Corolla about 5 mm. long-_-- - 28. S. nigrum. Corolla about 10 mm. long___- 30. S. xanti. Pubescence none or of branched hairs. Young branchlets with a feltlike tomentum_31. S. brachystachys. Young branchlets glabrous or obscurely puberulent. Leaves acuminate; pedicels usually recurved in fruit. 32. S. nudum. Leaves mostly obtuse; pedicels erect in fruit__33. S. diphyllum. AA. Anthers more or less elongate, the terminal pores posterior or directed upward; plants nearly always armed with prickles. D. Prickles of the stems strongly recurved; leaves not prickly on the upper surface. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, or pubescent with simple hairs. Leaves entire__- earn eee eee eee nee 34, S. oaxacanum. Leaves all or mostly pinnate-lobate_______.---_----__ 35. S. refractum. Leaves sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface. Branches glabrous or nearly so___---- = _86. S. houstonii. Branches copiously pubescent, the indument variable in character. Prickles of the stems large, few, mostly 3 to 6 mm. long. Leaves cuneate-decurrent at base, sessile or nearly so. 87. S. jamaicense. Leaves not cuneate-decurrent at base, petiolate. Leaves green beneath, sparsely stellate-hirsute. 88. S. donnell-smithii. Leaves whitish-tomentose beneath--______--___~- 39. S. amictum. Prickles of the stems small, numerous, most of them 2 mm. long or lesg_____----_------------------------+--+- 40. S. lanceifolium. DD. Prickles straight or only slightly curved, or sometimes wanting, rarely recurved but the leaves then prickly on the upper surface. Fruit densely hirsute. Prickles of the stem glandular-puberulent______________ 41. S. hirtum. Prickles not glandular-puberulent_____--_____-__--___- 42. S. tequilense. Fruit glabrous or nearly so. Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaves chiefly of long simple hairs. Calyx and pedicels not prickly_-___-__-__-_-_---~- 43. S. mammosum. Calyx and pedicels prickly. Leuves sparsely hirsute on the upper surface, with few scattered stellate hairs beneath-- 2 __44, S. aculeatissimum. Leaves densely pilose above, densely stellate-pubescent beneath. 35. S. chloropetalum. Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaves chiefly of fine stellate hairs. Calyx accrescent after anthesis, usually closely investing the fruit and nearly or quite equaling it. Leaves all entire__--______------_-----_-------- 46. S. hindsianum. Leaves, at least most of them, undulate or lobate. Shorter anthers 1.5 cm. long or more; leaves lobed nearly to the costa__------__--__--__________________ 47. S. azureum. Shorter anthers 1 cm. long or less; leaves usually shallowly lobate_____-__-------------------------- 48, S. amazonium. 1292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Calyx slightly if at all accrescent, much shorter than the fruit, usually spreading. Fruit 3 cm. in diameter or larger___._______- 49. S. marginatum. Fruit usually less than 2 cm. in diameter. Stems bristly-hispid, each bristle with a tuft of hairs at apex. 50. S. hispidum. Stems not hispid. Pubescence of the pedicels partly of gland-tipped hairs. Leaves deeply lobate__________--________ 51. S. hernandesii. Leaves shallowly lobate or entire. Pedicels erect in fruit-___-_____-___________ 52. S. torvum. Pedicels reflexed in fruit-__.._-_...___-__ 53. S. madrense. Pubescence of the pedicels eglandular. Anthers 8 to 10 mm. long__--__________-____ 54. S. mitlense, Anthers about 5 mm. long. Leaves acute to attenuate at base, entire. 55. S. laurifolium., Leaves usually obtuse to subcordate at base, most of them undulate or sinuate-lobate_______ 56. S. diversifolium. 1, Solanum geminiflorum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 121: 142. 1845. Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Glabrous shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, at- tenuate at base, entire; pedicels geminate; flowers white, 6 mm. long. Solanum hookerianum Spreng., listed by Hemsley, is a synonym of S. hava- nense Jacq., and is not known from Mexico. 2. Solanum pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160, 1895. Jalisco and Michoacfin; type from Lake Chapala, Jalisco. Plants suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, the branches viscid-villous; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, long-acuminate, broadly rounded and short- decurrent at base, short-villous; pedicels geminate, recurved in fruit; corolla nearly 1.5 em. long; fruit bright red, 1.5 em. long, glabrous. 3. Solanum amatitlanense Coult. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 37: 420. 1904. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Amatitlén. Shrub, the branches hirsute with forked hairs; leaves on very short petioles, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 20 cm. long or less, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base and very unequal, entire, hirsute; pedicels fasciculate. The writer has seen no material of S. sylvicola T. S. Brandeg.,’ described from Finca Irlanda, Chiapas, which may be a synonym of this species. 4. Solanum nyctaginoides Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 172. 1852. Hidalgo and probably elsewhere; described from somewhere in Mexico. Slender shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branches hirtellous; leaves slender- petiolate, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 13 cm. long or less, long-acuminate, attenuate at base, pilose-hirsute, entire; pedicels fasciculate: corolla 10 to 14 mm. long; fruit globose, orange. 5. Solanum purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 62. 1914. Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas. Slender shrub, the branches hirsute with branched hairs; leaves short-petio- late, oblong-ovate, 12 cm, long or less, acuminate, rounded at base, entire, sparsely hirsute above, sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath; pedicels solitary or geminate; calyx lobes in fruit sometimes 1.5 em. long; fruit 1.5 em. in diameter, * Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1293 8. Solanum lambii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 536. 1895. Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Villa Unién, Sinaloa. Woody vine, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves slender-petiolate, rounded-ovate, 4 cm. long or less, entire, finely stellate-pubescent or rarely glabrate; pedicels geminate or fasciculate; corolla bluish, 1.5 cm. long; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, glabrous. 7, Solanum sideroxyloides Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 253. 1833. Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz, Shrub, the branches stellate-tomentose ; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong- ovate, 7 cm. long or less, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse at base, entire, brownish-tomentose beneath; pedicels fasciculate; corolla white; fruit gla- brous. 8. Solanum lentum Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 4. pl. 308. 1797. Solanum stellatum lentum O. BH. Schulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 189. 1909. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Cuba, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Shrub, trailing or scandent, sometimes 3 meters long, the branches densely stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6.5 cm. long or less, entire, obtuse or rounded at base; pedicels usually fasciculate; corolla usually violet, 14 to 18 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, glabrous. ‘“ Quesillo,” “ manzana montés,” “ guaco” (El Salvador). Closely related to S. virgatum Lam., a West Indian species, and perhaps not distinct. 9. Solanum nocturnum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad, 35: 570. 1900. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco. Woody vine, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, acute or obtuse, entire, finely and sparsely stellate-pubescent when young but soon glabrous; pedicels solitary or geminate; corolla 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit 1 cm, in diameter. 10. Solanum chiapense T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915. Type from Finca Irlanda, Chiapas. Shrub, glabrous throughout, probably scandent ; leaves on very short petioles, elliptic or lance-oblong, 10 em. long or less, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish apex, obtuse or subacute at base, entire; pedicels solitary or geminate; anthers unequal. 11. Solanum stephanocalyx T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 874. 1917. Veracruz; type from Zacuapan. Plants slender, herbaceous or fruticose, the branches puberulent or nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 14 cm. long or less, acute to rounded at base, entire, puberulent beneath along the veins or glabrous; pedi- cels solitary or geminate; corolla 12 to 18 mm. long. 12. Solanum jasminoides Paxton, Mag. Bot. 8: pl. 5. 1841. Morelos and Veracruz, naturalized ; cultivated about the City of Mexico. Native of Brazil. Plants scandent, suffrutescent, puberulent or glabrous; leaves slender-petio- late, triangular-ovate, 5 cm. long or less, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, rounded to subcordate at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so, the lower leaves usually parted or cleft; flowers slender-pedicellate, in large cymes; corolla white or bluish, nearly 2 cm. broad. “ Flor de San Diego” (Veracruz). 7T9688—24——29 1294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 13. Solanum macrantherum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 16. 1816. Michoacin and Guanajuato to Veracruz and Chiapas. Scandent shrub, the branches villosulous; leayes long-petiolate, ovate to broadly ovate, 18 cm. long or less, acuminate, rounded or truncate at base, entire, puberulent or short-villous beneath or sometimes glabrate; cymes large, many-flowered; corolla violaceous, 2 to 4 em. broad; flowers Sweet-scented ; fruit red, about 1 em. or less in diameter. Solanum boldoense A. DC., described from Cuba, is a closely related species and perhaps not distinct. It has been reported from Mexico. 14, Solanum palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11: 532. 1889, Baja California and the adjacent islands; type from San Quentin Bay. Plants suffrutescent, minutely pubescent with branched hairs; leaves nearly all lobate, usually 3-lobate, the lower lobes sometimes very small or suppressed ; flowers in few-flowered umbels; corolla violaceous, 1.5 em. broad. 15. Solanum appendiculatum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 5. 1816. High mountains, Mexico, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Puente de la Madre de Dios. Guatemala. Slender shrub, scandent to a height of 9 meters, the branches puberulent or glabrate; leaflets 3 or 5, lance-oblong to ovate, 5 cm. long or less, acuminate, acute at base, entire, very sparsely short-hirsute above. puberulent beneath along the veins; cymes small, few-flowered; corolla white; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 16. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Bot. Rep. 8: pl. 504. 1797-1804, Specimens seen from Baja California, Tamaulipas, Michoacin or Guerrero (2), and Yucatén, most of them probably from cultivated plants. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Seandent shrub, 2 to 6 meters long, the branches sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaflets 3 or 5, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 8 cm. long or less, entire, the upper ones decurrent upon the petiole, glabrous or nearly so; cymes usually large and many-flowered; corolla violaceous, nearly 1 cm. long; fruit red, 6 to 9 mm. in diameter. “ Piocha” (Yucatin) ; “guinda,” “ falsa belladonna,” “jazmin de Italia” (Porto Rico) ; “ Josefina,” “ dulceamarga ” (El Salvador). This is probably the plant reported from Mexico by various writers as 8. dulcamara L., and said to be known as “gloria” and “gufa de jazmincillo.” It is a handsome vine and is commonly cultivated in Mexico and Centr:l America, 17. Solanum galeotti Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 82, 1852. Type from Ario, Michoacan. Scandent shrub: leaves long-petiolate, 5-parted, the segments ovate-oblong, 7 cm. long or less, acutish; corolla white. Solanum stephanodes Schlecht.,1 described from Cumbre del Obispo, appears, from the description, to be closely related. 18. Solanum lignescens Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 91, 1897, Guerrero to Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero, Shrub, the branches closely stellate-pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 7 em. long or less, obtuse or acute, closely stellate-pubescent ; umbels short-pedunculate; corolla white, 1.5 ecm. broad; fruit glabrous, 1 em. in di- ameter. 1Linnaea 19: 290. 1846. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1295 19. Solanum plurifurcipilum Bitter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 11: 15. 1912. Type from Pacho Forest, near Jalapa, Veracruz, altitude 1,200 meters. Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, the stems pubescent with coarse branched hairs; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or ovate, 7.5 cm. long or less, acute, short- decurrent at base, entire; umbels short-pedunculate; corolla white, about 1 em. broad. The description of 8S. ulmoides Dunal? is strongly suggestive of this plant. 20. Solanum jaliscanum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 84: 571. 1899. Barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco, altitude 1,200 meters, the type locality. Shrub, the branches stellate-pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 13 em. long or less, acute or obtuse, acute at base, entire, finely stellate- pubescent; umbels short-pedunculate ; corolla about 1 cm. broad; fruit 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous. 21. Solanum umbellatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 27. 1768. Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13*: 115, 1852. Solanum cortex-virens Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 372. 1852. Solanum receptum Heurck & Muell. Arg.; Heurck, Obs. Bot. 1: 46. 1870. Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies and Central America. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblanceo- late, 20 cm. long or less, acuminate, long-attenuate at base, finely stellate- pubescent above, green, beneath pubescent with branched, chiefly stipitate hairs; cymes dense, many-flowered, long-pedunculate; corolla white, 7 to 9 mm. long; fruit yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm, in diameter. “ Berenjena ” (Sinaloa) ; “eazaniche” (Villada); “friega-plato” (Nicaragua); “ prendedera macho” (Cuba) ; “ tapalayote” (El Salvador). The specimens which belong here have nearly always been referred to S. callicarpifolium Kunth & Bouché. 22. Solanum salviifolium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 14, 1793. Solanum geminifolium (‘“ geminiflorum”) Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 112. 1830. Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp. Repert. Bot. 3: 61. 1844-45. Michoacin or Guerrero to Chiapas, Tabasco, and Veracruz. West Indies and Central America. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branches densely stellate-tomen- tose; leaves often subsessile, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 15 cm. long or less, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, green above, usually glabrate, densely and finely stellate-tomentose beneath with whitish hairs; cymes long- pedunculate, becoming lateral; corolla white, 7 mm. long or less; fruit 7 mm. in diameter, glabrate. 23. Solanum verbascifolium L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753. Nearly throughout Mexico except Baja California. Southern Florida; Cen- tral Anrerica ; Old World tropics. Shrub or small tree, 2 to 10 meters high, the branches finely stellate-tomen- tose; leaves petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 25 em. long or less, acute or acumi- nate, rounded at base or decurrent, entire, velvety-tomentose on both sur- faces; cymes long-pedunculate ; corolla white, 7 to 9 mm. long; fruit yellowish, 6 to 12 mm. in diameter. “Salvadora” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘“ saca-manteca ” (Sinaloa) ; “ guardolobo” (Nuevo Leon); “xtuhuy,” “tom-paap,” “ xaxox” (Yucatin, Maya); “zoza” or “sosa” (Morelos, Veracruz, San Luis Potosf) ; “hierba de San Pedro” (Nuevo Leén); “ hoja de manteca” (Conzatti) ; 1In DC. Prodr. 13*: 130. 1852. 1296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. “galantea” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ friega-plato,” “ berenjena ” (Veracruz) ; “ta- baco cimarr6n,” “ prendedera hedionda,” “prendedera macho,” “ pendejera macho” (Cuba); “berenjena de paloma,” ‘berenjena cimarrona,” “tabacén pelado” (Porto Rico) ; “ tapalayote” (El Salvador). The soft velvet-like leaves are used for cleaning dishes. They are also heated and applied to the forehead to relieve headache, and applied as poul- tices to ulcers and boils. 24, Solanum plumense Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 35: 569. 1900. Type from Pluma, Oaxaca. Shrub, the branches very minutely stellate-puberulent; leaves ovate-lanceo- late, 10 to 18 cm. long, long-acuminate, acutish to rounded at base, entire; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, 1.5 em. broad; fruit 1 cm. in diameter, 25. Solanum bicolor Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 661. 1819. Solanum callicarpifolium Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 10. 1845. Sinaloa to Chiapas and Yucatfin. Lesser Antilles, Central America, and northern South America. Shrub, 1.5 to 8 meters high, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, usually 10 to 30 em. long, acute or short-acumi- nate, decurrent at base, entire, green above; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, about 7 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, yellow. ‘“ Saca-man- teca”” (Sinaloa). 26, Solanum aligerum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 301. 1846. Michoacin, Mexico, Hidalgo, and Veracruz; type from Angangueo, Michoa- cfin. Shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 16 em. long or less, acute at base, entire, glabrous above, barbate beneath along the costa or when young loosely tomentose with branched hairs; panicles pedunculate, lax; corolla white, 6 mm. long; fruit glabrous, 1 cm. in diameter. 27. Solanum cervantesii Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 10. 1816. Solanum pubigerum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 160. pl. 6. 1816. San Luis Potos{ and Guanajuato to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches puberulent or glabrous; leaves long- petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 24 em. long or less, acute or acuminate, acute or decurrent at base, usually more or less pubescent beneath but often glabrous; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit black, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. “ Hierba del perro” (San Luis Potosf). The fruit is said to be eaten by children and to be harmless. 28. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 186. 1753. Solanum americanum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 5. 1768. Solanum oligospermum Bitter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 80. 1913. Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Usually herbaceous but sometimes woody and as much as 3 meters high, the branches puberulent or villosulous; leaves long-petiolate, mostly ovate, 10 em. long or less, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, sinuate-dentate or frequently entire; umbels slender-pedunculate; corolla white or bluish, 2 to 4 mm. long; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, black. “Mora” (Jalisco, ete.) ; “chuchilitas ” (Sonora) ; “ tohonchichi” (Oaxaea) ; “hierba mora” (Tamauli- pas, Durango, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Sonora, Cuba, Porto Rico, El Salvador, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1297 Costa Rica, Peru, Colombia); “ chichiquelite” (Durango) ; “ tzopilotlaquatl ” (Ramirez); ‘“thucupache xaqua ” (Michoacin, Tarascan, Leon); “bitaxe” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ mata-gallinas” (Porto Rico). Black nightshade is a common weed in Mexico as well as in the United States. The berries are commonly believed to be poisonous and there is little doubt that they are in some instances, but some forms of the plant have been introducd into cultivation under the names “ wonderberry” and “ garden huckleberry,” and their fruit is quite harmless and highly valued by many persons, especially for making pies. In Mexico and Central America the young shoots and leaves are commonly cooked as a pot herb, and the same practice is followed in Mauritius, Madagascar, and other countries. In Sinaloa the root is said to have been employed as a remedy for bubonic plague. Elsewhere in Mexico the fruit is a domestic remedy for erysipelas, and a decoction of the plant is employed as a fomentation for sore eyes and for various skin diseases. The leaves are sometimes applied as poultices to allay pain. In Europe the plant is generally reputed to have narcotic properties, and in Bohemia the leaves are placed in the cradles of infants to promote sleep. Solanum nigrum is a somewhat variable plant, and many of the forms (in- cluding several from Mexico) have been described as distinct species. 29. Solanum triquetrum Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 30. pl. 259. 1794. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas. Plants erect or subscandent, a meter high or less, suffrutescent, nearly gla- brous; leaves 5 cm. long or less, most of them triangular-hastate or lance- hastate, acute or acuminate; cymes umbelliform, few-flowered; corolla white or violet; fruit red, about 1 cm. in diameter. 30. Solanum xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 90. 1876. Northern Baja California. California; type from Fort Tejon. Plants suffrutescent, the stems viscid-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 1 to 4 ecm. long, obtuse, entire or sometimes auriculate-lobate at base, viscid-pubescent; corolla blue or violet, about 2 em. broad; fruit purplish black. 31. Solanum brachystachys Dunal in DC. Prodr. 137: 128. 1852. Solanum lucidum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12': 137. 1845. Not 8. lucidum Moric. 1830. Solanum venosum Sendtn. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 10: 29, 1846. Not S. venoswum Humb. & Bonpl. 1819. Mexico, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Chalco, Mexico. Guatemala. Shrub; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 6 to 9 em. long, short-acu- minate or acute, obtuse or acute at base, glabrous above, glabrous beneath or when young with a loose feltlike tomentum ; corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad; fruit glabrous, about 1 cm. in diameter. Solanum nigricans Mart. & Gal., described from Oaxaca, is a closely related plant and perhaps not distinct. 32, Solanum nudum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 33. 1818. Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, 15 cm. long or less, acute at base, usually barbate beneath along the costa; corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. The Mexican specimens have usually been referred to S. triste Jacq. 1Bull Acad. Brux. 12': 134, 1845. 1298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 33. Solanum diphyllum L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753. Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or obscurely puberulent ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 12 cm. long or less, acute or at- tenuate at base, lustrous, glabrous beneath; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter, “ Amatillo,” “hoja del golpe” (El Salvador). 34. Solanum oaxacanum Dunal in DC. Prodr, 137: 204, 1852. Solanum hamatile T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Shrub, glabrous throughout, the branches armed with short remote re- curved prickles; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 8 em. long or less, acute, decurrent at base, thin, paler beneath and sometimes prickly along the costa; inflorescence few-flowered, the floweres long-pedicel- late; corolla about 1 cm. long. 35. Solanum refractum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 304. 1839-40, Sinaloa to Jalisco and Morelos; type from Tepic. Shrub, usually scandent, the branches densely prickly; leaves mostly oblanceolate or obovate, 30 cm. long or less, obtuse to acuminate, long-attenuate to the base, sessile or nearly so, entire or usually lobate, prickly beneath, glabrous or pilose; flowers racemose-cymose, the inflorescences lax, many- flowered ; corolla 12 mm. long, white ; fruit about 5 cm. in diameter. “ Toronja ” (Sinaloa). 86. Solanum houstoni Dunal, Hist. Sol. 248. 1813. Solanum tampicense Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 284, 1852. Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Veracruz. Cuba; El Salvador. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches armed with stout recurved prickles; leaves petiolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, 13 em. long or less, obtuse or acute, cuneate at base, irregularly lobate, sparsely stellate-pubescent; flowers in axillary umbels or racemes; corolla white, 6 to 11 mm, long; fruit red, 6 to 7 mm. in diameter, glabrous, “Ajicén” (Cuba) ; “huistomate,” “huevo de gato” (El Salvador). 37. Solanum jamaicense Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 17. 1768. Solanum cuneifolium Dunal, Hist. Sol. 198. pl. 22. 1813. Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type from Jamaica. Shrub, often scandent, the branches densely tomentose with chiefly stipitate, stellate hairs; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, 25 em. long or less, acute, angulate-lobate, densely tomentose with coarse stipitate stellate hairs, often prickly beneath; inflorescences lateral, few-flowered; corolla white, 8 mm. long; fruit orange, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter. “ Berenjena” (Porto Rico). 38. Solanum donnell-smithii Coult. Bot. Gaz. 16: 144, 1891. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from Iéscuintla, Guatemala. Erect or scandent shrub, the branches hispid with coarse long-stipitate stellate hairs; leaves oblong to ovate, 16 em. long or less, acute, usually obtuse at base, entire, lobate, or sinuate, usually prickly beneath; eymes few- flowered, lateral; calyx prickly ; corolla 1.5 cm. long, parted nearly to the base, white; fruit glabrous, nearly 1 cm. in diameter. “ Huistomate” (El Salvador). 39. Solanum amictum Moric.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 263. 185°. Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere; type from Cordillera of Guichilaca. Branches _stellate-hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 20 cm. long or less, acuminate, sinuate-repand, stellate-pilose above; cymes lateral, many-flowered ; calyx hirsute; fruit 6 mm. in diameter. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1299 This species may not be correctly placed in the key. It is known to the writer only from description. 40. Solanum lanceifolium Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 286. 1788. Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America. Shrub, usually scandent, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves petiolate, ovate to oblong, 15 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, acute to rounded at base, sparsely stellate-pubescent above, densely so beneath and usually prickly ; inflorescences lateral, few-flowered, racemiform; corolla white, 9 to 12 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 9 mm. in diameter. 41. Solanum hirtum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 40. 1791. Solanum flavescens Dunal; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 3: 778. 1813. Solanum molestum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 331. 1920. Veracruz and Yucatin. Guatemala; West Indies and northern South America. , Shrub, 2.5 meters high or less, the branches stellate-tomentose, densely prickly; leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, 20 em. long or less, acute or obtuse, cordate at base, sinuate-lobate, prickly, at least beneath, densely stel- late-tomentose beneath; inflorescences lateral, 2 to 8-flowered; calyx 1 cm. long, deeply parted, the lobes obtuse or acutish; corolla white, 1.5 em. long; fruit about 2 cm. in diameter, yellow, covered with long yellow hairs. 42, Solanum tequilense A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 441. 1887. Solanum huitlanum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915. Tepic to Chiapas; type from Tequila, Jalisco. Guatemala. Erect shrub, the branches stellate-tomentose, densely covered with long stout prickles; leaves oval to rounded-ovate, 40 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, rounded or subcordate at base, densely stellate-tomentose, sinuate-re- pand, usually prickly on both surfaces, the prickles sometimes 3 cm. long; inflorescences few-flowered ; fruit 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in diameter. 43. Solanum mammosum L, Sp. Pl. 187. 1753. Reported from Veracruz by Hemsley, but perhaps erroneously ; reported from Mexico by O. E. Schulz.1 West Indies ; Central and South America. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1.5 meters high or less, densely pilose with long articulate hairs; leaves nearly as broad as long, 10 to 15 cm. long, shallowly cordate at base, irregularly lobate, the lobes obtuse or acute, usu- ally armed on both surfaces with long stout prickles; inflorescences umbelli- form, lateral, 1 to 6-flowered ; corolla violaceous, about 2 cm. long; fruit 3 to 4.5 cm. in diameter, orange. ‘ Berenjena ” (Veracruz) ; “ berenjenita peluda ” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “ pichichio” (Costa Rica); “ufa de gato” (Panama) ; “ chichimora” (El Salvador) ; “ chichihua ” (Honduras) ; “ chichigua,” “ chi- chita,” “marimbita amarilla,” ‘“ chichona ” (Nicaragua); “rejalgar” (Co- lombia); “berenjena cimarrona,” “ berenjena de marimbo” (Porto Rico) ; “ giiirito ” (Cuba) ; “ chicha ” (Guatemala). The fruit is said to be very poisonous. In Costa Rica a decoction of the leaves is employed as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys and bladder. In El Salvador the seeds are said to be used as a remedy for colds. 44, Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 5. pl. 41. 1781-86. Veracruz. Florida, West Indies, Central and South America; also in the Qld World tropics. In Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 206. 1909. 1300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Plants suffrutescent, often procumbent, the branches densely covered with long prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 15 cm. long or less, acute, usually subcor- date at base, lobate, the lobes acute or obtuse; inflorescences umbelliform, 2 to 5-flowered ; corolla white, 1 to 1.5 em. long; fruit orange, 2 to 3 em. in diam- eter. “ Berenjena” (Costa Rica). 45. Solanum chloropetalum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 291. 1847, 2Solanum porphyranthum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18': 244. 1852. Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Plants suffrutescent, the branches armed with long, straight or sometimes curved prickles; leaves rounded-ovate, long-petiolate, 16 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, cordate at base, shallowly sinuate-lobate, armed with stout prickles on both surfaces; inflorescences few-flowered ; corolla greenish white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit yellow. Solanum globiferum Dunal, a West Indian plant, reported from Mexico by Schulz, is probaby not distinct. 46. Solanum hindsianum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 39. 1844, Baja California and Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches finely stellate-tomentose. usually armed with long prickles; leaves petiolate, ovate to oblong, 4.5 em. long or less, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, sometimes prickly beneath, covered with a dense close tomentum; inflorescence umbelliform, few-flowered ; corolla light or dark violet, about 4 cm. broad; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. “ Mariola” (Baja California). The plant is said to be employed in Baja California as an emmenagogue. 47. Solanum azureum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 570. 1900. Sinaloa; type from Topolobampo. Shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent, armed with few slender prickles; leaves with numerous obtuse lobes, often prickly beneath, finely stel- late-pubescent ; peduncles with 10 or fewer flowers; corolla 4 to 5 em. broad, violet; fruit 12 mm. in diameter. 48. Solanum amazonium Ker in Edwards, Bot. Reg. pl. 71, 1815. Solanum obtusifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 113. 1830. Not S. obtusifolium Dunal, 1813. Solanum verae-crucis Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 607. 1841. Sonora and Chihuahua to Zacatecas, Oaxaca, Campeche, and Yucatén. Shrub, the branches closely stellate-pubescent, usually armed with slender prickles; leaves ovate to oblong, 14 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, obtuse to subcordate at base, sinuate or sinuate-lobate, sometimes entire, densely stellate-tomentose beneath and often prickly; inflorescences few-flowered ; cor- olla blue or violet, commonly 4 to 5 em. broad; fruit about 1.5 em. in diameter. “Berenjena silvestre,” “saca-manteca ” (Sinaloa); “ xkon-yakik ” (Yucatén, Maya). 49. Solanum marginatum L. f. Suppl. Pl. 147. 1781. Naturalized in the Valley of Mexico. Native of northeastern Africa. Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches white-tomentose, prickly; leaves oval or broadly ovate, 25 em. long or less, obtuse, shallowly sinuate-lobate, armed with prickles, green and glabrate above, white-tomentose beneath; calyx prickly; corolla white, 2.5 cm. broad; fruit yellow, glabrous. 50. Solanum hispidum Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 228. 1805. Solanum chrysotrichum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 304. 1847, Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala; Peru (?). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1301 Shrub, 4 meters high or less, the branches armed with short stout prickles ; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 20 cm. long or less, acute, obtuse to sub- cordate at base, subentire or usually lobate, often prickly, densely stellate- tomentose beneath, some of the hairs stipitate; corolla whitish, 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. “Sosa” (Michoacin, Guerrero). 51. Solanum hernandesii Moc. & Sessé; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18': 266. 1852. Chiapas. Guatemala to Nicaragua. Shrub, the branches fulvous-tomentose, armed with stout prickles; leaves 18 cm. long or less, truncate or subcordate at base, prickly, 5 to 7-lobate, the lobes often again lobate, stellate-tomentose ; inflorescences few or many- flowered; corolla white, 10 to 13 mm. long; fruit 1 em. in diameter. ‘ Huisto- mate,” “giiistomate” (El Salvador). 52. Solanum torvum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 47. 1788. Solanum ferrugineum Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 46. pl. 334. 1798. Veracruz and Chiapas. Florida,’ West Indies, Central America, and northern South America; also in the Old World tropics. Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, the branches stellate-pubescent, armed with short prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 20 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate, usually rounded or subcordate at base, sinuate-lobate, stellate-tomentose, often prickly ; cymes few to many-flowered; corolla white, 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, yellow. “ Tomatillo” (Guatemala); “berenjena” (Costa Rica); “berenjena cimarrona” (Costa Rica, Porto Rico); ‘“ pendejera,” “ prendedera ” (Cuba) ; “ friega-platos ” (Colombia). The names “espina” (Yucatéin), “ friega-platos » (San Luis Potosf), and “eonoca” (Jalisco) are reported for this species, but they probably relate to other species. 53. Solanum madrense Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 85: 558. 1900. Sonora and Chihuahua to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora. Central America. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches fulvous-tomentose, armed with short stout prickles; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 18 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, usually subcordate at base, subentire to sinuate-lobate, densely stellate-tomentose beneath, often prickly; inflorescence few or many-flowered ; corolla 1.5 to 2 cm. long, white; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Berenjena ” (Durango) ; “ huistomate,” “ giiistomate,” “ giiis,” “ lava-platos” (El Salvador). 54, Solanum mitlense Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13': 314. 1852. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branches densely and coarsely tomentose, armed with short prickles; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 25 em. long or less, obtuse to acuminate, acute to subcordate at base, shallowly sinuate-lobate, densely and loosely tomentose on both surfaces; cymes dense, many-flowered ; corolla violet, 3 em. broad: fruit 1 to 1.5 em. broad. “ Coyoto- matl” (Puebla). 55. Solanum laurifolium Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 20. 1768. Solanum lanceolatum Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 23. pl. 245. 1794. Solanum cymosum Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 1: 11. 1797. Solanum macrophyllum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 199. pl. 17. 1813. Solanum mevicanum Moc. & Sessé; Dunal in Poir. Encyl. Suppl. 8: 770. 1813. Solanum hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 68. 1839. Solanum floccosum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12°: 141. 1845. Solanum molinum Fernald, Trees & Shrubs 1: 97. pl. 49. 1903. San Luis Potosi to Morelos, Oaxaca, and Puebla. Martinique. 79688—24——_30 1302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose, armed with few short prickles or often unarmed ; leaves oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblanceo- late, 18 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, densely stellate-tomentose beneath or finely stellate-pubescent, unarmed; cymes many-flowered ; corolla pale blue, 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit 6 to 10 mm. in diameter. 56. Solanum diversifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 297. 1846. Solanum torvum ochraceo-ferrugineum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 187: 160. 1852. Solanum ochraceo-ferrugineum Fernald, Proc, Amer. Acad. 35: 560. 1900. Baja California and Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose, armed with few short prickles or sometimes unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 18 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, usually sinuate-lobate but sometimes entire, Stellate-tomentose, usually unarmed; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla white or bluish, 12 to 16 mm. long ; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. “Salvadora ” (Tamaulipas) ; “ berenjena ” (Sinaloa). Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas the fruit is employed for poisoning. rats. 9. ATHENAEA Sendtn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 10: 133. 1846. 1. Athenaea nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 567. 1900. Type collected between Tumbala and El Salto, Chiapas. Shrub (?), the stems viscid-villous; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, 20 cm. long or legs, cuspidate-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, entire or with a few sharp teeth, sparsely villosulous beneath ; pedicels fasciculate, 3 cm. long or less; calyx glandular-villous, campanulate, with 5 narrow lobes; corolla 1.5 to 2 em. long, yellowish, deeply 5-lobate; fruit red, inclosed in the calyx. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ATHENAEA XALAPENSIS (H. B. K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 422. 1882. Withania ralapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 13. 1819. Type from Jalapa, Veracruz. 10. WITHANIA Pauquy, Diss. Bellad. 14, 1824. 1. Withania melanocystis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 171. 1896. Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosf. Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, acute, entire, petiolate, finely pubescent ; pedicels axillary, fasciculate, 5 to 10 mm. long; calyx 5-dentate, accrescent, in fruit about 2 em. long, bladder-like, contracted at the mouth; corolla rotate-campanulate, 1 cm. long, pale yellow with dark spots in throat, 5-lobate to the middle; fruit baceate, red, globose, The true position of this plant is somewhat doubtful. The other species of the genus are natives of the Old World. 11, BRACHISTUS Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IT. 3: 264. 1849. Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire; pedicels geminate or fasciculate; calyx short, broadly campanulate, with 5 to 10 setaceous or minute teeth, not or scarcely accrescent; corolla broadly campanulate, the limb 5-angulate or shal- lowly lobate; fruit a globose berry. Larger leaves acutely acuminate... 1. B. diversifolius. Larger leaves obtuse or obtusely short-acuminate_________ 2. B. pring lei. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1303 1. Brachistus diversifolius (Klotzsch) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 3: 268. 1849. Witheringia diversifolia Klotzsch; Walp. Repert. Bot. 3: 29. 1844. Veracruz, Morelos, and Chiapas. Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute at base, thinly pilose or glabrate, the pairs of leaves very unequal, one of each pair small and often obtuse; flowers long-pedicellate, the pedicels usually recurved; corolla greenish yellow, about 7 mm. broad; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diamter. 2, Brachistus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 159. 1890. Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from Sierra de la Silla, Nuevo Leon. Slender shrub; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 4.5 em. long or less, abruptly contracted at base, sparsely pubescent or densely so beneath; corolla greenish yellow, 8 mm. broad; calyx lobes linear, somewhat elongate in fruit. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. BRACHISTUS LIGUSTRINUS (Dunal) Hems!. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 423. 1882. Fregirardia ligustrina Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13’: 507. 1852. Type from “ De sierto Viejo.” Scarcely of this genus, but the generic position of the plant is doubtful. 12. BASSOVIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 217. 1775. Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or sinuate; pedicels usually fasciculate, sometimes umbellate; calyx broadly campanulate, 5 to 10-dentate or truncate, not or scarcely accrescent ; corolla subrotate, cleft to the middle or lower; fruit a 2-celled globose berry. Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs___------------------- 1. B. stellata. Pubescence of simple hairs. Leaves sinuate-dentate_______------------------------- 2. B. stramoniifolia. Leaves entire. Stems setose-pilose______---------------------------------- 3. B. setosa. Stems glabrous or short-villous. Leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the lateral nerves__4. B. foliosa. Leaves not barbate beneath. Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long. 5. B. escuintlensis. Leaves sparsely short-villous beneath; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long. 6. B. mexicana. 1. Bassovia stellata Greenm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 41: 246. 1905. Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, entire, glabrous above or nearly so, stellate-tomentose beneath or finally glabrate; flowers numerous, long-pedicellate; calyx with short rounded lobes; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long. 2. Bassovia stramoniifolia (H. B. K.) Standl. Witheringia stramoniifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 13. 1819. Brachistus stramoniifolius Miers, Ill. S. Amer. Pl. 2: 7. 1849. Bassovia donnell-smithii Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 145. 1891. 1304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Tepic and Jalisco to Veracruz; type collected between La Banderilla and Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala and El Salvador. Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, oblique and often subcordate at base, short-villous, espe- cially beneath; corolla about 1 em. long. ‘ Belladona montés” (El Salvador). S. Bassovia setosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Low slender shrub; leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 4.5 em. long, acute at base and apex, setose-pilose; flowers few, short-pedicellate; calyx with 5 lanceolate lobes; corolla about 6 mm. long, hirtellous; fruit 5 mm. in diameter. 4. Bassovia foliosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Shrub; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 7 to 12 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at base, glabrous except along the costa beneath ; flowers umbellate, the umbels pedunculate, 5 to 7-flowered; calyx shallowly 5-lobate; fruit 5 mm, in diameter. 5. Bassovia escuintlensis (Coulter) Standl. Brachistus escuintlensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 144. 1891. Bassovia purpusii T. S, Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 372. 1917. Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Escuintla. Shrub, the stems glabrous or very minutely puberulent; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, mostly 10 to 25 em. long, acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base, thin; flowers long-pedicellate, usually numerous; calyx truncate; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter. 6. Bassovia mexicana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 171. 1891. Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosf, and Veracruz; type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosf. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or sparsely short-villous ; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5 to 17 em. long, acuminate, usually obtuse or rounded at base; flowers numerous, long-pedicellate; calyx truncate; fruit 6 to 10 mm. in diameter. Perhaps not distinct from B. macrophylla (H. B. K.) Benth. & Hook. 13. LITHOPHYTUM T, S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 188. 1911. A s/ngle species is known, 1, Lithophytum violaceum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 188. 1911. Type from Santa Lucfa, Puebla. Shrub; leaves fasciculate at the nodes, oval, 4 to 7 mm. long, obtuse, entire, 3-nerved, glabrous, ciliolate; flowers pedicellate at the nodes; calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, campanulate, 5-lobate, puberulent; corolla 8 mm. long, violaceous, puberulent, salverform; anthers longitudinally dehiscent ; ovary 1-celled, 2 to 4-ovulate. It is not certain that the plant belongs to the Solanaceae. The material seen by the writer is too fragmentary for critical examination. 149. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family, Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves opposite or sometimes alternate or verticillate, entire or toothed (in the genera treated here), estipulate; flowers perfect, usually irregular; calyx inferior, 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1805 gamopetalous, varying from rotate to funnelform, often bilabiate; stamens usually 4 and didynamous, attached to the corolla tube, the anthers commonly 2-celled; style smple; fruit capsular, many-seeded. Numerous genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Leaves all alternate. Stamens 4; leaves entire______--------------------- 1. LEUCOPHYLLUM. Stamens 2; leaves crenate__----------------------- 2. GHIESBREGHTIA., Leaves all or chiefly opposite. Capsule dehiscent by subapical pores. Corolla tubular, red. 8. GALVEZIA. Capsule dehiscent by valves. Calyx 5-cleft nearly or quite to the base. Sterile stamen present, nearly or quite as long as the fertile ones. 4, PENTSTEMON. Sterile stamen none or minute___----- _5. RUSSELIA. Calyx tubular or campanulate, the lobes usually shorter than the tube. Pedicels bracteate; peduncles usually several-flowered. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-dentate___.---------- 6. BERENDTIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-lobate_----- _ 7. HEMICHAENA. Pedicels ebracteate, 1-flowered___---------------------- 8. DIPLACUS. 1. LEUCOPHYLLUM Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 95. 1809. Low shrubs, the pubescence of branched hairs; leaves alternate, entire; pedicels solitary in the leaf axils; calyx 5-cleft; corolla funnelform-campanu- late, purple, the 5 lobes rounded, subequal; stamens 4. The species listed are the only ones known. Leaves green, glabrate. Corolla lobes glabrous within-------------~----------------- 1. L. pringlei. Corolla lobes villous within---------------------------- 2. L. laevigatum. Leaves densely stellate-tomentulose, whitish. Corolla rather broadly campanulate, the lobes nearly equaling the tube. 3. L. texanum. Corolla narrowly campanulate, the lobes one-third to one-half as long as the tube. Leaves acute or attentuate at base.__--------------------- 4. L. minus. Leaves abruptly contracted and usually rounded at base. 5. L. ambiguuni. 1. Leucophyllum pringlei (Greenm.) Standl. Faronanthus pringlei Greenm. Trees & Shrubs 1: 23. pl. 12. 1905. Puebla; type collected on limestone hills near Tehuacfn. Shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves linear or spatulate-linear, 1.5 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse; sepals about 8 mm. long; corolla dark purple, 2 to 2.5 em. long, barbate in the throat. 2. Leucophyllum laevigatum Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Ramos and Inde, Durango’ (Nelson 4689; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 332744). Young branches densely and finely stellate-tomentose; leaves oblanceolate- spatulate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate at apex, attenuate to a very short petiole, sparsely stellate-puberulent when young but soon glabrous; sepals linear, 2 to 3 mm. long; corolla narrowly campanulate, 1.5 cm. long, the lobes villous-barbate within, nearly as long as the tube; capsule about 6 mm. long. 1806 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 3. Leucophyllum texanum Benth. in DC. Proar. 10: 344. 1846. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type from Laredo. Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high, densely stellate-tomentulose throughout ; leaves mostly obovate, 2.5 em. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute at base, sessile or nearly so; sepals lanceolate; corolla 1.8 to 2.5 em. long. “Cenizo” (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén, Texas) ; “palo cenizo” (Nuevo Le6n) ; “hierba del cenizo” (Coahuila). The plant is employed locally as a remedy for fever and ague. It is probably this species which was mentioned by Berlandier? as occurring in Texas where it was known as “ cenicilla.’ Berlandier states that an infusion of the leaves was uSed by the Indians as a febrifuge. He proposed a new genus for the plant and called it Teranea frutescens, in honor of General Mier y Teran, the director of the expedition, but no formal description of the genus was published. 4, Leucophyllum minus A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound, Bot. 115, 1859. Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén and Zacatecas. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type collected in Texas along the Pecos River. Shrub, sometimes 1 meter high, finely stellate-tomentulose throughout; leaves spatulate-obovate, 18 mm. long or less, rounded at apex; sepals linear; corolla 1.8 to 2.5 em. long, purple but often violet when dry. 5. Leucophyllum ambiguum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 95. pl. 109. 1809. Leucophyllum campanulatum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 5: 254. 1850. Zacatecas to Hidalgo. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves petiolate, orbicular or broadly elliptic, 2 em. long or less, rounded at apex; sepals lin- ear-lanceolate; corolla about 1.5 cm. long. 2. GHIESBREGHTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 629. 1873. A single species is known. 1. Ghiesbreghtia grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 680, 1873. Chiapas (type locality). Guatemala. ‘Tree, 7.5 meters high or less; leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic or elliptic- oblong, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse, coarsely crenate above the middle, acute ac base, pubescent; flowers solitary in the leaf axils; calyx 5-parted, the lobes linear or oblong, obtuse; corolla yellowish, about 6 em. long, bilabiate, the upper lip erect, bilobate, the lower 3-parted; stamens 2; capsule 2 to 2.5 cm, long. 3. GALVEZIA Dombey ; Juss. Gen. Pl. 119. 1789. Plants suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, entire; flowers axillary or sub- racemose, red; calyx small, 5-parted; corolla tubular, the upper lip erect, bilo- bate, the lower lip trifid; stamens 4. Leaves linear or oblong-linear___--_--_--- 1. G, juncea. Leaves oval to lanceolate__-------- 2. G. glabrata. 1. Galvezia juncea (Benth.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 311. 1887. Maurandia juncea Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 41. 1844, Saccularia veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 17. 1863. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Shrub 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches terete, glabrous; leaves 1 em. long or less, glabrous, soon deciduous; pedicels glandular-puberulent or glabrous; corolla 3 cm. long, short-pilose; capsule 6 to 8 mm. long, erect. * Diario de viage de la Comisién de Limites, p. 276. 1850. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1307 2. Galvezia glabrata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 167. 1903. Southern Baja California; type from San Felipe. Plants suffrutescent, the branches sometimes scandent; leaves often ternate, petiolate, 1 to 83 em. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous; pedicels glabrous; corolla 2 to 3 em. long; capsule often cernuous. Galvezia speciosa pubescens T. S. Brandeg.’ is a pubescent plant which is probably a form of this species. 4, PENTSTEMON Schmidel, Icon. Pl. 2. 1762. Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves opposite, entire or dentate; flowers showy, the peduncles usually branched and arranged in terminal thrysiform panicles; calyx 5-parted; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip bilobate, the lower trifid; perfect stamens 4. Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Leaves linear or nearly so. Corolla 3 em. long, red__-------------------------------"7 1. P. pinifolius. Corolla 1.5 em. long, pink_-----------------------------~ 2, P. linarioides. Leaves oblong to broadly ovate. Leaves cordate or subcordate at base_------------------~ 3. P. cordifolius. Leaves acute at base. Corolla tubular___-------------------------------- 4. P. baccharifolius. Corolla funnelform_-_--~--------------------------- 5. P. antirrhinoides. 14. Pentstemon pinifolius Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. 1881. Northeastern Sonora. Southern Arizona and New Mexico; type collected near Clifton, Arizona. Plants woody below, about 30 cm. high; leaves narrowly linear, 2.5 cm. long or less, glabrous, very numerous and somewhat crowded, entire; corolla tu- bular, the lips short. 2. Pentstemon linarioides A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 112. 1859. Northeastern Sonora and mountains of Baja California. Western Texas to Arizona and Utah; type from Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Plants often woody below, 380 cm. high or less; leaves about 1 cm. long, crowded, entire, minutely puberulent; corolla funnelform. 3. Pentstemon cordifolius Benth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 7. 1835. Northern Baja California. Southern California. Plants suffrutescent, the stems long and subscandent, finely puberulent ; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 4 cm, long or less, acute, serrate or denticulate, seabrous-puberulent ; corolla tubular, bright red, 2.5 to 4 cm, long. ; 4. Pentstemon baccharifolius Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4627. 1852. Pentstemon baccharifolius schaffneri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 448. 1882. San Luis Potosi. Western Texas. Plants suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, the branches glabrous or puberulent ; leaves sessile or petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5 cm. long or less, obtuse, entire or serrate, usually glabrous; corolla deep red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 1 Zoe 5: 167. 1903. 1308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 5. Pentstemon antirrhinoides Benth.; A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 10: 594, 1846. Baja California. Southern California. — Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, the branches puberulent or glabrous; leaves elliptic to oblong, 1.5 em. long or less, entire or serrate; corolla yellow, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long. 5. RUSSELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 6. 1760. REFERENCE: Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 319-321. 1900. Shrubs, the branches usually angulate; leaves opposite or verticillate, usu- ally furnished with numerous resin glands; flowers red, mostly in cymes ; calyx 5-cleft; corolla tubular, the limb somewhat bilabiate, 5-lobate, the lobes rounded; stamens 4. Stems 4-angulate. Leaves entire. Corolla about 18 mm. long___.------ 1. R. subcoriacea. Corolla about 13 mm. long_.-------__.- 2. R. campechiana. Leaves crenate or serrate, Stems with thin wings along the angles_...--_ 3. R. tetraptera. Stems not winged. Calyx lobes gradually attenuate, the tips not subulate; flowers 2 to 2.4 EE 1) | a ee 4. R. jaliscensis. Calyx lobes with subulate tips ; flowers 1.5 cm. long or less. Leaves cordate at base__--------- 5. R. floribunda. Leaves rounded to acute at base. Larger leaves cuneate-attenuate at base___-_-__ 6. R. cuneata. Larger leaves rounded at base_____.._.._ 7, R. sarmentosa,. Stems terete or with 6 or more angles. Stems glabrous or very minutely puberulent. Peduncles filiform, much elongate and exceeding the bracts, 1 to 3-flow- ered__-.---- 8. R. equisetiformis. Peduncles short, the primary ones shorter than the subtending leaflike bracts, several or many-flowered. Stems, at least the older ones, terete... 9. R. multiflora. Stems conspicuously angulate. Stems very minutely puberulent_._.-.--_ 10. R. obtusata. Stems glabrous, Corolla 11 to 12 mm. long__________ Se seeen ee 11. R. trachypleura. Corolla 15 to 18 mm. long____--_ 12. R. verticillata. Stems tomentose or pilose, the hairs conspicuous. Larger stems conspicuously angulate._.--- 13. R. polyedra. Larger stems terete or nearly so. Leaves entire_-_.--__-------- 14. R. purpusii. Leaves serrate or crenate. Leaves cordate and clasping at base___... 15. R. rotundifolia. Leaves obtuse or acute at base. Corolla 8 to 9 mm. long__------- 16. R. tepicensis. Corolla about 14 mm. long__------- 17. R. pringlei. 1. Russelia subcoriacea Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 113. 1893. Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi. Plants glabrous; leaves very short-petiolate, ovate, 6 cm. long, acuminate, lustrous above; calyx lobes acuminate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1309 2. Russelia campechiana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Apazote, near Yohaltum, Campeche (Goldman 467; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 396830). Stems quadrangular, glabrous; petioles T to 9 mm. long; leaves ovate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, rounded at base, coriaceous, entire, lustrous, glabrous; cymes many-flowered, equaling the leaflike bracts, short- pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate, subulate-acuminate; corolla 18 mm. long, the throat yellow-barbate. 3. Russelia tetraptera Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 120. 1920. Tepic; type collected near the city of Tepic. Stems glabrous; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, deltoid-ovate, 7 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long. 4. Russelia jaliscensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 319. 1900. Jalisco to Mexico; type from barranca near Guadalajara. Stems glabrous; leaves rhombic-ovate or ovate, 3 cm. long or less, petiolate, thin, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered. 5. Russelia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 359. 1817. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type collected between Rio Papagallo and Venta de Tierra Colorada. Stems glabrous or pubescent; leaves subsessile, rounded-ovate, obtuse or acute, 7.5 cm. long or less, coarsely crenate; corolla 1 cm. long. Russelia syringaefolia Schlecht. & Cham.,? described from Papantla, Vera- cruz, is a closely related plant and perhaps synonymous. 6. Russelia cuneata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 613. 1909. Michoacin or Guerrero to Oaxaca; type from El Ocote. Plants suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, ovate or rhombic-ovate, obtuse, crenate; corolla about 1 cm. long. 7. Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760. Veracruz and Yucatfin. Central America; Cuba. Stems glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, broadly ovate, 5 cm. long or less, acute, subcoriaceous, coarsely crenate-serrate; corolla about 1 cm. long. ‘ Lluvia de coral” (Nicaragua). 8. Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 377. 1831. Russelia juncea Zuce. Flora 18322: Beibl. 99. 1832. Sinaloa (perhaps only cultivated) to Veracruz; type from Papantla, Vera- cruz. Guatemala. Plants glabrous, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves small, ovate or lanceo- late, caducous; inflorescence much branched; corolla usually 2 cm, long. “Arete de la cocinera” (Veracruz); “lluvia de coral;” ‘ coralillo;” “ lluvia de fuego,” “ coralitos”’ (Colombia). A rather showy plant, common in cultivation in tropical and subtropical re- gions. 9. Russelia multiflora Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 1528. 1818. Russelia paniculata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 19. 1845. Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala. Plants suffrutescent, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, ovate, 6 em. long or less, often ternate, acuminate; corolla about 1 cm. long. “Sa- poyolillo” (Chiapas, Seler). *Linnaea 6: 376. 1831. 13810 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 10. Russelia obtusata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 119. 1920. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacfin, Puebla. Stems with much thickened, obtuse angles; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 3 cm. long or less, obtuse, crenate or serrate, obtuse or acute at base; calyx lobes acute; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long. 11. Russelia trachypleura Robinson, Proc, Amer. Acad, 86: 474. 1901. Type from Sierra de Tepoxtlin, Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters. Stems 6-angulate, the angles roughened by small callosities; leaves short- petiolate, opposite or ternate, elliptic-ovate, 3 em. long or less, obtuse or acute, serrate; calyx lobes caudate-acuminate. 12. Russelia verticillata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 360. 1817. Russelia deamii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 474, 1901. Chihuahua and Durango to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Puente de la Madre de Dios. Central America. Stems 6-angulate; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 2.5 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, thin, serrate, glabrous or villous. Russelia deamii is a form with villous leaves. It may be specifically distinct, but it seems more probable that it is only a form of R. verticillata. 13. Russelia polyedra Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 2: 828, 1832-36. Russelia retrorsa Greene, Pittonia 1: 176. 1888. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central America. Plants suffrutescent, 2.5 meters high or less, the stems 6-angulate, sparsely or densely pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 6 cm. long or less, acute, rounded to acute at base; corolla about 1.5 cm. long. ‘“ Hierba de la suefia”” (Tamaulipas) ; “coral de la playa,” “coral” (Oaxaca). It is probable that the proper name for this species is R. ternifolia H. B. K.* The description of that species agrees well with R. polyedra except that the leaves are described as larger than in any specimens seen by the writer. 14. Russelia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 385. 1918. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Branches densely pubescent; leaves ovate, 6.5 cm. long or less, acuminate, subcordate at base, short-petiolate, pubescent beneath; calyx lobes ovate, subulate-acuminate; corolla about 1.5 em. long. 15. Russelia rotundifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 9. pl. 415. 1799. Guerrero, Shrub, the branches densely pubescent; leaves reniform to rounded-ovate. sessile, 8 cm. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, coriaceous, densely pubescent beneath and with prominent and reticulate venation; corolla about 1 cm. long. 16. Russelia tepicensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad, 35: 321. 1900. Russelia furfuracea T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 219. 1905. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Zopilote, Tepic. Stems striate, densely pubescent; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, mostly ternate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 4.5 cm. long or less, obtuse, rounded to acute at base, crenate or serrate; flowers in short dense cymes. 17. Russelia pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 26. 1907. Guerrero; type from limestone cliffs of Iguala Canyon, altitude 750 meters. Plants 1 to 2 meters high, the stems densely pubescent, striate; leaves short- petiolate, ovate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, acute, serrate, densely glandular beneath ; cymes short, few-flowered. 1 Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 359, 1817. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1811 6. BERENDTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 379. 1868. Shrubs; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; peduncles axillary, 1 to 5-flow- ered; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-dentate, 5-costate; corolla tube ampliate above, the limb bilabiate, the lobes spreading; stamens 4. The species listed are the only ones known. Plants glabrous_____________--_-------_--------------------- 1. B. levigata. Plants copiously pubescent. Peduncles mostly 3 to 5-flowered_____.________-__-____------ ++ 2. B. coulteri. Pedunecles 1-flowered. Flowers 3.5 to 5 em. long____--__--____----_---------------- 8. B. rugosa. Flowers about 1.5 em. long oe oe __-4. B. spinulosa. 1. Berendtia levigata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 39. 1896. Puebla; type from Tehuacin. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves ovate-elliptic to lance-oblong, 4.5 cm. long or less, short-petiolate, acute, dentate above the middle; peduncles 1- flowered ; corolla about 4 cm. long, orange with crimson spots. 2. Berendtia coulteri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380. 1868. The type locality is not stated by Gray; Hemsley gives it as “ Zimapan and San Blas to Guadalajara.” Leaves oblong or obovate, nearly entire; corolla tube scarcely exserted from the calyx, the limb about 12 mm. broad. 8. Berendtia rugosa (Benth.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380. 1868. Diplacus rugosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846. Berendtia ghiesbrechtii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380, 1868. Chiapas. Plants villous; leaves ovate or obovate-oblong, 3.5 em. long, crenate-dentate above the middle; corolla tube 3 times as long as the calyx; corolla “ scarlet.” 4. Berendtia spinulosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 159, 1890. Known only from the Sierra Madre near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, on lime- stone ledges. Much-branched shrub, glandular-hispidulous throughout; leaves linear- oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, sessile or short-petiolate, en- tire or with a few obscure teeth, the margins revolute; corolla yellow. %, HEMICHAENA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 78. 1841. A single species is known. 1. Hemichaena fruticosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 78. 1841. Leucocarpus fruticosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 336. 1846. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America; type from Quezaltenango, Guate- mala. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, viscid-villous, the branches terete; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong or obiong-lanceolate, 12 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate, sessile and clasping, dentate; flowers in few-flowered pedunculate axillary cymes; calyx campanulate, 5-lobate, scarcely angulate; corolla about 4 cm. long, the tube broad, the limb 5-lobate, bilabiate; stamens 4. 1312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 8. DIPLACUS Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 187. 1838. Shrubs; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; flowers axillary, solitary, large and showy ; calyx tubular, 5-angulate, obliquely 5-dentate; corolla funnelform, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip bilobate, the lower 38-lobate; stamens 4. The species of this genus are often placed in Mimulus. WCOOPOUIN FOG ns eee --1. D. puniceus. Corolla yellow__.-_----__________-__-- 2. D. longiflorus. 1. Diplacus puniceus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1888. . Northern Baja California, ranging from sea level to 900 meters. Southern California; type collected near San Diego. Shrub, about a meter high; leaves sessile, linear to linear-oblong, 6 em. long or less, entire or serrate, glutinous and sometimes sparsely pubescent beneath; flowers pedicellate,, the calyx glabrous or nearly so; corolla 3.5 to 4.5 em. long. 2. Diplacus longiflorus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 189. 1888. Diplacus stellatus Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 18. 1863. Diplacus arachnoideus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 210. 1885. Baja California. Southern California; type from Santa Barbara. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves linear to ovate-oblong, 5 cm. long or less, sessile or short-petiolate, entire or nearly so, usually with sparse pubescence of branched hairs beneath; calyx often villous; corolla 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long. INDEX [Synonyms in italics) Page. Pe cae oe eee cecenteeceecesecenesssceesee 86h Ababal..-. 2225-25-52 on seeecescasc-a2e---e 851 Abacamiel...........------------------------ 1032 Abamiel.._..._..........-------.------------ 1032 Abrojo....--.--------------------------- =e 875 Acanthocereus........----------------------- 906 Acebuche.........--.------------------------ 1140 Aceitunillo._....-.....----..------------ 1087, 1239 Aceituno........-.-.------------------------ 1132 Achras........---2.2 nee nnce-------------- 1119 COMANE o sos cca ose og ete soe eee cose 1123 mammosa._....-------------------------- 1120 olivacea_.....------....------------------ 1118 salicifolia......_.. se cuueeetecuaucasescueus 1115 Aciotis. .... ... o-oo cone scent esse tenn ceee- 1052 Acisanthera.-..........-.-------------------- 1049 simpler___.........--...--..------------- 1052 GUE occ ac conse tose nee tccoldeaecenusss== 1152 AcnistuS........--.----..-------- 2 een ene e ee 1288 BC. 0) * eae ane eT 1206 Actimpatli...............-.----------------- 1163 Adelaida_..........-.--------------- 1077, 1073, 1079 Adelfa............----------------------- 1157, 1237 Atlelig: . 1149 Amapa hasta......-----------------+-------- 1232 prieta......-.-.----------------------00-- 1219 Amapola. .....-------------------2-2-- 02007 1149 Amapola de Venus. .-.---.------------------ 1149 Amarillo. .....------------------------------ 1024 Amatillo.__....-------------------- 1154, 1155, 1298 Amblyanthera....------------------------ 1162, 1165 Ammocallis_....-----------------+-------"---- 1157 Amsonia_-_..-----------------+--------"°7777 1148 Anacahuita_._..-------------------+------9-" 1220 Anacahuite._..--------------------- 1220, 1221, 1227 Anacahuit]____....-------------------------- 1220 Anachuita._....-..--------------------+------ 1221 Anacua..-_----------------- <2 enn 1227 Anagua....-.-.---------------------2-0290077 1227 Anamonis...---------------------"---""-7"77 1041 AncistrocactuS.....-------------------------- 956 Andromeda _..-.--------------------*------7* 1091 Angarilla....-----------------------"-7-2---7 1032 Anhalonium.._.--------------------------- 931, 932 Aniseia....---------------------------"-"---- 1198 QUTC0...----.------------------- "225-777 1199 Antherylium...-----------------+-<----7--°°7 1026 Ants-wood_----..--------------------------- 1117 Apancholoa- -.------------------------------ 1021 Apocynaceae. ...------------------------77-7 1147 Apocynum ....------------------------------ 1148 cordatum._-.---------------------------"- 1161 Aporocactus.......-------------------------- 916 Page. Aralia._.... 222222022 1080 | re 1083 capitata___.......222----.. eee 1082 echinops.._......02.22.....-..----. 1083 rr 1084 lobata_.. 22222222222 eee 1082 longifolia._..... 222.2222 2-2 2 1084 tuttiensis._..2..222222 2-22 1084 Zalapensis.........20-..2-2 2. 1083 Araliaceae____...2..2222------.... 8. 1080 Arbol de la bibijagua__.____-.-_.-.. 1285 de sal... 2. ee 1251 de tabaco__...2- 2.22 1278 del ajo... 2.222 1219 del muerto_-....-2 2222-22222 222 1205 del venado_--_____2222-2 ee 1205 Arbutus__ 2222.22.22 1099 discolor. _....2.22222 222222222 1095 Arctostaphylos......_...----......-..- 1094 angustifolia_......2222 2-22 1096 arguta._._--22.2022-22 ee 1095 attenuata____.-.22.22 222 1096 bicolor___....22-2222--2 2 1097 caeciliana.....2 22222 1097 conzattii.....- 2 1096 discolor __..........---.-----..------- 1095 diversifolia..._..2 22222222 eee 1096 drupacea. -.......022-2 2 ---- eee 1098 glabrata__...22.222--2-.-.-. 1096 1131 ee ee a ee 1097 glaucescens______....-----...___..----... 1096 hartwegiana............2.22..---.-... 1097 CN rr 1097 latifolia__.....22 222222222. 1097 ledifolia...... 2222-2 te eee 1097 longifolia__........ 2222-2222... 8 1096 lucida. __... 2222222222 eee 1095 minor.........2.---222 2-2-2. 1097 mucronata __...-.-. 22222-2222... 1097 mucronifera.........222-..2--- 2-8 1097 nilida... see 1095 nochistlanensis___......._.-..._....___.. 1096 oaracand._...-.-.--2- 2-22-22 eee 1097 oppositifolia..... 222.22. 1095 polifolia.--2 2.222222 ee 1097 pringlet. 2.00222 1098 pungens...-. 22222 1098 rupestris.....22222222222222 20 1096 spinulosa...._-...222-2-2-----. 1095 tomentosa.__-_--22 222 1098 veatchit____. 222222 e eee. 1097 ee 1109, 1110 a 1109 capollina..-_-..2.2.2--- 8-28 1110 compressa... ee 1110 erenipetala__.__....._...----___. 1110 crenulata__ 2.222222. 1111 escallonioides__.............__.____.. 2. 1109 karwinskyana._......-_..-_---. 88. 1109 liebmannii___...-.2 2.02 1110 lindenii___. 2222222222222 1109 melanosticta...._.........---.__-.-_- 1111 nigrescens_......2222 22 1109 pectinata_.....22 222222. 1110 pellucida...... 222.22 1110 pickeringia ___2 2-222 1109 Ardisia revoluta ..... 2... 22...220- eee 1109 scopulina........2.22-2.----2 ee 1109 serrulata...-.......-222222- 22.22 1111 cc 1109 Arete de la cocinera.___..._.._.____._...__.. 1309 Aretillo... 222 1077, 1078, 1079 Argyreia.. 222.2222. 1205 Ariocarpus_. 2.22.2 222222222828 931 Arnica... __ 2... ee eaceseaeeewecececso ce cens 854 Arrayan........ 1035, 1038, 1092, 1093, 1101, 1108, 1109 Le) rr 1108 Arthrostemma..__................... 1049 calcaratum_.........-..-.-.-....--- 1057 2 1052 Asclepiadaceae..........._.....-... 1166 Asclepias..-.....22 2222222222222 2 ee 1168 foetida. 2... 1179 macrophylla... _..-.-2--2 2 1181 F.C): acs ene 1133 Asimina....2222202 22202022 2 851 Aspidosperma._.._.._.22.222..-.___2-.e 1157 Asta... 22.2222 eee 1221 Astephanus___......._-2._-2-----2 1168 mucronatus. __...2222.222 22-2 eee 1176 Astromeda.___........--.2--2 22. 1026 Astronémica......__...-......-_-...---- 1026 Astrophytum..__--.-2 22222222282 954 Atabaiba_____...2 222222 eee 1149 Ateje.- 2. ee. 1222 blanco... - 222.22. ie eee eee 1218 Atejo amarillo. .._.22222222 222222 1218 Atempatli-____2.. 22222222222 1163 Atextichil.___2.2 2222220022 1079 Athenaea__.--_-22 222228 1302 Atmésfera..........2..22-__22 eee 1026 Atmosf€rica--_...22.2222 222 1026 Atuto.- 222222 1236 Atzapolquahuitl._...---22 222 1121 Atzapotl._- 222222228 1121 Atzapotlquahuitl._..-.2...22 222 1120 Audibertia....22 2222.22 1255, 1256 Avicennia.___...22.222222 22222 1251 Axocaponi_..__2 2222222. 1092 Axocopaconi........22222- 222-2 ee 1102 Axocopaque.....-....22-2 2-2-8 1092 Avafrin. 22.222 1144 del campo-_____. 2222-2 1144 Azafrancillo_---..-220 2222222 eee 1144 Azafranillo_-_....222-2 2222 eee 1144 Azahar del monte______.___.__..._.__....-_.- 1130 Azalea de la barranca.........._._.....__._.- 1202 Azota-caballo.__...2. 2222222202. 1224, 1242 Azuceno.____-...-.-..2- 2222-2... 1149 Radula_____-...2-22222 222222 2-28 1107, 1108 Bandera mexicana_.._....__.....____...____. 1266 Banderilla_._.....222222222-2 2 1212 Barbados gooseberry. _____- weueeeececee solo 859 Barbaseo-...-......222.----..-2 2. ee 1104, 1106 Barla........ 2222222 1220 Baros.......2.22.2222222-2.2222-- 2 1204 Barrel cactus_._.........2.2.-.-.----_-_.-. 940 Barreta china__........222.....22--_-.- oe. 1134 Bartschella___......2.22222222-222 28. 973 Basistelma___.........2.......-.-__.... 1176 Page. Bassovia_........-...-.----.----------------- 1303 Batetas. ooo 0o 52sec ccc k ssl Scccsswewescce 1204, 1206 Bayabas__....__....------------------------- 1036 Bazttu._....----...-.-..-------------------- 907 Bebclama.-.--..------------------------- 1117, 1118 FOG 2 os een oa fesse nee c en casteseseseus 1227 OOO. oe eee ceeunceccccocuse 1227 Bofaria.........-------------......---------- 1091 Begonia. o.2.250cccsecs essen ease sees te enoeen 855 Bejuco blanco-_......------------------------ 1202 de eaballo_.........-------.------------- 1237 de leche.........------------------------ 1171 de nigua___........---------------------- 1232 de peine ...-_....----------------------- 1032 de pescado. -..-------------------------- 1170 de puerco_-_.-...-.---------------------- 1201 de tabaco_..__.....---------------------- 1201 G6 10r0:..cicc2555- 2522352 5ece ee cet 1032 de Vaca_............--------------------= 1201 Bejuco negro.......------------------------- 1223 WeletG.c. 625--2 cacoeeocnse See - eae a sees ees 1113 Belladons montés........------------------- 1304 Bellucia_....-.......-...---.-...------------ 1073 Benzoin................---------------------- 1129 Berberfa...........-------------------------- 1157 Werendtia_ 2.2. .22222 sc lsesee see sose reese 1311 Berenjena 1289, 1295, 1296, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302 cimarrona._....-.-.------------ 1296, 1299, 1301 de marimbo-........------.-------------- 1299 de paloma..._...------------------------ 1296 silvestre.._.......----------------------- 1300 Berenjita peluda_-_-......-------------------- 1299 Bergerocactus -.-..-------------------------- 901 Berraco.__..._-------------------------- 1155, 1156 de la costa_..._.....--------------------- 1155 Biaqul. . 22.22 2225- Le socks eesnee eee sceoece 1128 Bibons. «22-2225 22 coe chi h eee dicc cee sinc 1084 Bignonia sempervirens .....------------------ 1141 PNG. co ee ieweeceecests 1172 Birreta de obispo........-.------------------ 955 PithxO: eos osc eudocessse sees ess se aeeseeaes 1297 Biznaga......-....------------- 940, 943, 944, 946, 954 LC hg: eee ee a Re po oe 953 colorada........------------------------- 942 costillona......-..--------------------- 947, 949 de chilillos___.......-------------------- 982 de chilitos__..........--.---------------- 948 Fs (ie 5 | 0, : cee Tee a 954 de estropajo_.......--------------------- 955 de limilla.........-------.--------------- 949 de tins. oes tens sete eens cease eceed 949 espinoés.....-.-----------2-5---54-iaenss 949 ganchuda---....----------------------- 948, 949 meloncillo_.....-.----------------------- 954 Bimnaguita...........0n---- eee nonsense ecco 975 Black nightshade_.........--.--------------- 1297 SAZC . acc sennnwnncccccceccensscswcesesd 1255 Blakes. 222s so se ecen cee seen -- 2-2-2 2-- 1073 Blepharodon..-....------------------------- 1116 neriifolium_......------------------------ 1179 Blueberry... 2-2 46.50200-2000---0---------- 1101 familys. 2 eos occa weet ee eee-e2-5s---= 1101 Bocamelia__........-...-.------------------- 1252 Bocote. 23-222 occ cbc ncce cece ee cceves 1219 Bohom...-2----------22.2.2222.25-ee00025--- 1220 vit Page. Bojon.._..........-..----------------------- 1218 J) (5 6 ( <7 1 1218 | 4) (11 Ree ee pe i eT 1218 Bolivaria_.......-..---------------------- 1137, 1138 Bolsa de Judas_.......---....--.-------.---- 1284 Bombycospermum........-------------------- 1206 Bom-rza_....--..---------------------------- 1128 BOMmUttes 2G oo one ea oe wee aces ssses-c-s 1126 Bonete_..........--------------------- 850, 853, 955 Bonplandia_......--...---------------------- 1213 Borage family .......--......---------------- 1216 Boraginaceae.._....------------------------- 1216 Borrachero.....----------------------------- 1285 BOMalacco 2 2c $352 cee eeeeeeeeenese-sne 1234 Botoncahui_..........-.------.-------------- 1029 Botoncillo........--.------------------------ 1029 BOUrrer a. 2st occ te cere ceo -aaeecsceecss 1224 Brachistus...-.2_--242c-cce0edecesceocees--s- 1302 Bracino_.......--.-------------------------- 1130 Brasil eto at cake ececese--s--<2- 5222-4 1083 Brayodendron._...--------------------------- 1127 Brazilian tea_.......------------------------ 1243 Breweria_........-.------------------------- 1194 Brugmansia. ....---------------------------- 1284. Bubo___------..----------------------------- 1223 BOCaro.- 222-22 scset cece tees oe cscecen as 1030 Buide 2. nnn o nce cece eens nd ce wercdcnecccccs 1030 Buddleia..............-----.---------+-s--- 11438 abbreviata___.......---------------------- 1147 acuminata__.......--.------------------- 1146 americana.......--.-.------------------- 1146 barbatld. 2.552. ehdeececescesecewececcee ce 1145 callicarpioides........-------------------- 1146 chapalana_-_-.-....--------------------- 1144 cordata_......--.-----.------------------ 1146 erotonoides___....----------------------- 1146 decurrens__....-------------------------- 1146 elliptica.._.----------------------------- 1146 floccosa__......-------------------------- 1146 floribunda__.....------------------------- 1146 OTOH. 1225-222 --t ele ene dnn ese ee esses- 1147 humboldtiana.......--------------------- 1146 intermedia. __.......--------------------- 1146 lanceolata. ......._------------------------ 1147 ligustrina....---------------------------- 1147 macrophylla.....-.----------------------- 1146 marrubiifolia...........----------------- 1144 melliodora__......----------------------- 1145 microphylla_.....------------------------ 1147 monticola............-------------------- 1147 nitida.---------------eweepe ween ens teens 1147 ovalifolia__.......------------------------ 1146 parviflora.......------------------------- 1147 perfoliata. __..-...----------------------- 1144 pringlei._.....-.------------------ een eee 1145 propinqud...---------------------------- 1146 pseudoverticillata_......------------------ 1145 rufescens...--------------------222------- 1146 saltillensis.........---------------------- 1144 scordioides__.........------------------- 1145 sessiliflora.........-.-------------------- 1145 simplet_....---...----------------------+ 1145 sphaerantha__--..------- Pca vesee seer eaese 1144 teucrioides_........---------------------- 1147 tomentella__..........------------------- 1145 VIII INDEX. Page. Page. Buddleia tuxtlica._....-..----22- 2222. 1145 | Cactus pseudomammillaris........_.........- 999 venusta....- 22-2. 1147 reécurvus__.-_----- 22222 eee 947 verticillata..............-.--_-.-.----..--- 1145 salvador.........------.-----_..-- ee 955 wrightii___..--2 2222 eee 1144 senilig. 2.0.22 022 890 Buena moza_..........-----...--2...----- 1278 serpentinus _......-...-.------------ 905 Buiré_....22222 2222s 1237 setispinus_............-------.-..---- 962 Bumelia_. -__-. 222.2222 eee 1115 speciosissimus_..............-.....-.-.-.- 908 Burragea............-..----..-........--- 1075 speciosugs__............----.------. 908, 1011 Bustic._.....2222222222 22222 1115 5 cr 999 Buttonwood..............------.2----.. ee. 1029 tomentosus............--2...-.------- ee 885 white_....222 22222 1031 tunicatus__...-.....22---.------ 2... 875 Caballeria__....2.... 22222222 ----2 eee 1108 | C&ha____...2.2222 eee 865 Caball6n.-_....2.2222222 22 e ee 1152 | Cahuichi-....-2-_222222 2222 1102 Caballufia....... 22222222 ee 940 | Cahuitzi_.. 22222 1102 Cabalonga..._.....-...-._--...---...... 1152 | Caimito.....2..2222222222222 1114 de Tabasco..._.......------.-- 2. 1142 | Cainillo... 2222222 eee 1067 Cabalyaxnic._........2..2.2. 0... oe 1247 | Calamintha__._..._.- Basecececceessvecaccsese 1273 Cabamuc..............-.----------e ee 1154 | Calaveritas........22.-2-2-22-_ ee 1152 Cabeza de vieja_.....----.-----.. 962 | Caleachuchi._.....222222..2. 2... 0-2. 1150 de viejo.....--222 2222. 890, 897,911,925 | Caldasia._....-2--..2 2222222. 1213 WieJa.____... eee nen eee eee ee 911 | California fuchsia....-.--..-...--_....--. 1076 Cabradora__..-..-...2.2-------22---2 eee 1245 | Cali. 2.22222. 2e eee eee 913 Cabrito.. 22.2222 222 1152 | Callicarpa_.__...22.222222222 2-2 1253 Cacachila_......._.___- wena ce ceseeccutees 1240, 1241 | Calocarpum__.............._._.............. 1120 Cacalojoche.........-....--....-......- 1150 | Calonyetion_....-..-.-.-2--- 2-2... 1201 Cacalostichil.-.....222222222- 222 1150 chenopodiifolium........-...-.--.--...--- 1208 Cacaloxochitl.......222-22-22 ee 1150 | Calophysa_..........-....-------...-.. 1070 Cacanapa._._--....22222222--2-. eee. 883 | Calycorectes............---.-.....-...---- ee 1033 Cacarahue..-...2..2.222222222222---2 2 1151 | Calyptranthes_....-......-..------..0- 1033 Cachayumbo...._..-------222222222222------ 1192 | Calyptrella.............2222-22---- 2... 1057 Cachito... 2-222... 2 22-2 eee eee eee ee 1155 | Calyptropsidium.........--...-.--.-------... 1035 Cacho de chivo.__....-.2222.22 22-2. . 1159 | Camaca-_...22.... 222 eee eee eee 1109 de venado-___.-.22222-2222 22... sascsee 1084 | Camacey..._._...-.--.---.------------ 1072 Cactaceae_--....... 2222222222222 2e eee 855 peludo._.....22..2222---- ee 1072 MO Soe tee tera conetent aes 914 | Camache...._....--..--------eeeeee ee eee ee. 1152 Cactus.....2 222222222 eee 955 | Camarén_.....--..-.-.-.....-----------.. 1074 alternatus...........-2---2-2--0.222-----e 983 | Camasey_..------------------------ 1066, 1068, 1069 ambiguus... 222222222 222-222-222 905 de costilla......-.--------------- ee 1066 bispinus.........222222.222 2... 992 | Camelia__._.-..-............--.-.-......... 1252 bradypus.....-..2222222.2 22 eee 890 | Camote____.-.....-..2-2-- ee 1203 brandegeei__...__..--- 22 222--------2.e 982 | Campana_._...-...-.---------.-.---------... 1284 brunneus. _.......----------eee eee en eee 960 | Campanilla_____ 1152, 1198, 1199, 1208, 1204, 1208, 1285 candy -----..-2--222-2-2- 2-22 2- eeene 940 amarilla_.._..2..2...2------------- eee 1152 cochenillifer......202222...02.-..---. 863 blanea__..----2 2 1284 ceylindricus.....2.22.22222222222-.2-----e- 1001 | Campanola....-...........--..----------- 1204 densispinus.._______.....2-22222--------- 995 | Campechana.._..........--.--------_.-.---- 1150 depressus___.....-------.-_..--- 999 | Camphire._.__-.-...... 2-22.22 e ee 1025 dillenii_... 2222202222222 e ee 882 | Campotonera..............2..--2-2-..._. ee 1150 elegans.......--...2..2..-.----------- 1011 | Cafia de venado____..--2--22-. 2. ee 1051 eschanzieri_....222. 2-0 e ee 1006 | Camalete._....2-- 22 eee. 1219 family.........222222222-2-22 228. 855 | Candelero__......2..2.-2-.2-2-------- 1216 icus-indica____..22222222 2-2 886 | Candelilia..........22222222 2 eee 1281 Siagelliformis_.....2 2222-8 917 bronea__.......-------2-- eee eee eee 1168 gabbii__- 2.2 982 | Candelén___.....2 2222222222222 eee 1028 grandiflorus........-..-_____._-_... 8. 914 | Canela....-...2222- 2 eee 1114 latispinus_.........-..._-_--.-2 2. 948 | Canelilla.._.-.-2222 eee 1246 microdasys.....-..._._______. pececeoeu.s 879 | Canillo....---222. 22 Beeceweceteceeccasesase 1067 nobilis. ..222222222 22-88 Ueeewedeeesuls 947 | Canjaro._._...2-22-2 222-2 eee eee 1219 old man.....-22-- 222222 eee -- 890 | Cantua_._.-...---22222 22222 ee e 1211 pentagonus__.._..-22 ee 906 | Canutillo_._..22.222222 22 1113 pereskia_.....2-2 2222222 859 | Cap& blanca._........22222.222-222---- ee ee 1218 phyllanthoides__............---.--2--- 2. 1011 9:5: 1219 pitajaya__...2 22222 906 0) ce ae 1219 sr 994 | Capilote.....-.--_22 22 eee 1067 prismaticus__...........-.-2--2---2 ee 906 | Capire...........-222222-2 ee ee eee. -8e ee 1123 INDEX. Ix Page. Page. Capirioc< .-ce222 -oc-<--c- 2s secsececens---2-8 1123 | Cereus acutangulus ........-.---------------- 906 Capirote blanco. ........-------------- Ceeees 1067 adustus_...........-.--------.----------- 925 Capiroto....-.----------------------------++ 1061 alamosensis..........-------------------- 910 Capulin__.....- 1042, 1043, 1045, 1046, 1060, 1109, 1130 alensis._.__......-..--------------------- 893 cimarr6n_._...-------------------------- 1227 ambiguus............-------------..--+-- 905 de cotorro_-....-------------------------- 1061 amecaensis.........---------------------- 908 de mayo__....--------------------------- 1110 amecamensis....._...-------------------- 908 de tej6n__.......-...-.------------------ 1110 amoenus.._..-.-.------------------------ 927 mans0........---------------------------- 1109 anisacanthus.........---- povescee woe ecu 901 silvestre...._-.-------------------------- 1110 bavosus........-.------------------------ 898 verde.....--------------------e--- =e eee 1074 baraniensis...........------------------- 907 Capulincillo__......-.-------------- 1060, 1101, 1110 bergerianus__....------------------------ 895 Caracacha colorada_......------------------- 1150 berlandieri...........-------------------- 924 Caracucho.......---------------------------- 1150 bifrons.....-..-....ee-0------------------ 908 Caragra._......----------------------------- 1247 bigelovii............---------.------------ 921 Carape_......--.-.-------------------------- 1032 blanckii..............-.------------------ 924 Carapl 22.0202 cco sceseews sot ese sees s— 52-22 1032 boeckmannii_........-.------------------ 915 Cardenche.._..-.----------------------------- 874 brachiatus...........--------------------- 898 Cardo_....-_------------ een ee ee ee eee ene 878 bradtianus_._........-.------------------ 889 Card6n__.......--------------------------- 894, 895 brandegeei__........--.------------------ 927 barb0n.._....--------------------------- 895 brevispinulus._.........------------------ 914 hecho......---.-------------------------- 895 caespitosus._.....-.-.-------------------- 925 pil6n. . 22.2 2s2205---2 522 seen -ess-ss0 894 callicoche..........----------------------- 954 Cardoncillo__............-------------------- 903 calvus........-.------------------------- 894 Cariaquillo._......-..-.--------------------- 1249 candelabrum___..---.-------------------- 899 de Santa Marfa_.........---------------- 1249 ChONDE 2 oc nec ct eee eee eee se s- ne 899 Og (17; Se 850, 851, 853 chichipe_......-..------------------------ 898 Caricaceae.......---.------------------------ 849 chiotilla.............--------------------- 893 Carnegiea.......---------------------------- 909 chloranthus_........------.-------------- 923 Carnestolenda.._....-...-------------------- 1202 chrysacanthus........-------------------- 892 Carolina..........---.---.-------------------- 1115 chrysomallus_........-------------------- 896 Caruache.........---------------------------- 1152 cinerascens.....-.------------------------ 925 Casahuate..........----.-------------------- 1205 coccineus.......-------------------------- 908 prieto.........-------------------------- 1205 cochal_.............-.-------------------- 911 Cascabel. .. 2.2 22-2---c2c0s-2--scclcccoesiees 1153 columna-trajani........---.-.------------ 897 Cassada, wild. _.....-....------------------- 1115 COME -- 1007 cirrhosa......--.------------------------- 983 formosa....------------------------------ 987 PMAPOS oo ex ccnp See vawesss: 174. 1894. Gesneria deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 110. 18380. Gesneria lasiantha Zuce. Pl. Nov. 1: 300. 1839. Gesneria elongata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9°: 32. 1842. Not G. elon- gata H. B. K. 1817. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; reported from Morelos and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, on long or short petioles, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, erenate or serrate, villous-sericeous; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves, usually 3 or 4-flowered, the pedicels shorter than the peduncles; corolla bright red, about 2.8 em. long, villous or puberulent. 6. Kohleria martensii Fritsch, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: 428. 1913. Gesneria triflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9?: 33. 1842. Not Kohleria triflora Regel, 1848. Veracruz; type from Mirador. Plants slender, suffrutescent, the stems appressed-villous or glabrate; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at base, crenate-serrate, sparsely appressed-pilosulous above; inflorescences longer than the leaves, mostly 3-flowered, the pedicels equaling or shorter than the peduncles; calyx lobes slightly shorter than the narrowly turbinate tube; corolla nearly 3 cm. long. 7. Kohleria elegans (Decaisne) Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 574. 1899. Moussonia elegans Decaisne; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: pl. 189. 1849. ?Moussonia papillosa Hanst. Linnaea 34: 288. 1865-66. Isoloma jaliscanum 8, Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 25: 159. 1890. Kohleria collina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 66. 1914. Kohleria pedunculata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 67. 1914. Tepic to Chiapas. Type from Guatemala. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems villous with mostly spreading hairs; leaves opposite, on short or long petioles, ovate-oblong, 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrate or crenate, usually scabrous above and villous-sericeous beneath; inflorescences equaling or shorter than the leaves, 1 to 4-flowered, the pedicels commonly longer than the peduncles; corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long. 57020—26——2 1328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM EXCLUDED SPECIES. KonuLeRIA saAxicota T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6: 66. 1914. According to Brandegee! this is Diastema rupestre T. S. Brandeg. 2. SOLENOPHORA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 68. 1840. A single species is known. 1. Solenophora coccinea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 68. 1840. Type from mountains of Chinantla, Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely puberulent; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, 15 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed and oblique at base, duplicate-serrate; pedicels axillary, solitary, 7.5 to 10 em. long; flowers scarlet, about 6 cm. long; calyx adnate to the ovary below, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, denticulate; corolla glabrous, the lobes fimbriate-crenate; capsule 5-angulate. 3. HIPPODAMIA Decaisne, Rev. Hort. III. 2: 464. 1848. Plants suffrutescent; leaves opposite, large; flowers orange or whitish, umbel- late; calyx adnate to the ovary below, the lobes short and broad; corolla pubes- cent, the tube elongate, the lobes laciniate. Corolla whitish. Umbels sessile or nearly so_________________- 1. H. obscura. Corolla orange. Umbels subsessile ___.____- 2-2 ee 2. H. endlicheriana. Umbels pedunculate_______ Sees Soe eee So ee ee 3. H. insignis. 1. Hippodamia obscura (Hanst.) Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 43>: 183. 1894. Solenophora obscura Hanst. Linnaea 34: 315. 1865-66. Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Stems hirtous; leaves serrate, sparsely scaberulous; pedicels shorter than the calyx, the latter villous, the lobes acute, serrate. 2. Hippodamia endlicheriana (Heller) Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4%; 183. 1894. Arctocalyx endlicherianus Heller; Fenzl in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 307. 1848. Solenophora endlicheriana Hanst. Linnaea 34: 314. 1865-66. Type from Mirador, Veracruz. Stems suffrutescent, long-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, broadly elliptic, 45 cm. long or less, acuminate, duplicate-serrate, long-hirsute; pedicels equaling or shorter than the calyx; calyx inflated, hirsute, the lobes rounded-ovate, crenulate; corolla 6.5 to 7.5 cm. long, hirsute. 3. Hippodamia insignis (Mart. & Gal.) Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1848: 464. 1848. Besleria insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 92: 37. 1842. Solenophora insignis Hanst. Linnaea 34: 314. 1865-66. Type from mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters. Costa Rica. Stems hirsute; leaves obliquely ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, dupli- cate-serrate, short-hirsute above, pubescent beneath along the veins but else- where glabrous; pedicels as long as the calyx; calyx hirsute, the lobes rounded- ovate, serrulate; corolla sparsely hirsute. 4. BESLERIA L. Sp. Pl. 619. 1753. Plants suffrutescent; leaves opposite, thin; inflorescence axillary, the flowers ihanated yellow; calyx inferior, campanilate or Distasi enanowy or dey 1 Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot, 6: 193. 1915. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1329 5-lobate; corolla tube cylindric, straight or oblique, slightly ampliate above; disk annular; fruit usually globose, indehiscent. Calyx large, equaling the corolla. al Ve HIPSUIG cn cence ee ee eee tees 1. B. cyrtanthemum. Calyx appressed-pubescent-------------------------------- 2. B. deflexa. Calyx small, shorter than the corolla. Teaver Wired te. oc oe on ee ee ees 3. B. hirsuta. Leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs. Leaves glabrous beneath-_--_-..--------------------------- 4, B. glabra. Leaves with sparse appressed hairs beneath_--_--------- 5. B. chiapensis. 1. Besleria cyrtanthemum Hanst. Linnaea 34: 321. 1865-66. Cyrtanthemum hirsutum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 130. pl. 20, f. 20-31. 1861. Type from Oaxaca. Stems hirsute-tomentose above; leaves long-petiolate, obliquely oblong-elliptic, 18 to 23 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at base, obsoletely serrate, pilose above, pilosulous beneath; pedicels shorter than the calyx; posterior calyx lobe nearly 2.5 cm. long; corolla glabrous. 2. Besleria deflexa (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 321. 1865-66. Cyrtanthemum deflexum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 130. pl. 20, f. 32-89. 1861. Type from Oaxaca. Stems hirsute above; leaves elongate-oblong or subfalcate-elliptic, short- attenuate, suboblique at base, entire, minutely appressed-pilose above, glabrate beneath; peduncles 4 to 8 mm. long; corolla glabrous. 3. Besleria hirsuta (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 326. 1865-66. Gasteranthopsis hirsuta Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 129. pl. 10, f. 9-13. 1861. Type material from Tepinapa and Chinantla, Oaxaca. Stems hirsute above; leaves petiolate, elongate-oblong, 20 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at base, obsoletely serrate; peduncles much shorter than the petioles; calyx lobes obtuse. 4. Besleria glabra Hanst. Linnaea 34: 325, 1865-66. Gasteranthopsis glabra Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 129. pl. 10, f. 1-8. 1861. Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Stems glabrous; leaves petiolate, 18 to 23 cm. long, obliquely elliptic-oblong, acute at base; peduncles shorter than the petioles; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 18 mm. long. 5. Besleria chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 64. 1914. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas. Branches glabrous or appressed-pilose; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 6 to 13 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, obscurely serrulate; peduncles about as long as the petioles; corolla red, 2 cm. long. Perhaps not distinct from B. glabra. 5. DRYMONIA Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 57. 1829. 1. Drymonia chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 64. 1914. Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas. Plants scandent, the young branches puberulent; leaves elliptic, 10 to 13 cm. long, acute, cuneate at base, sinuate-dentate, hirsutulous above, paler and pubescent beneath; flowers solitary, the pedicels 15 em. long; calyx lobes ovate- 1330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM cordate, acute, dentate, 18 mm. long; corolla reddish, puberulent at base, 4 cm. long. Not seen by the writer. 6. ALLOPLECTUS Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 53. 1829, Plants suffrutescent, the stems often scandent and rooting; leaves opposite; flowers fasciculate or solitary in the axils; calyx inferior, 5-parted, usually red, the lobes dentate or cristate; corolla usually whitish, the tube cylindric or ventri- cose; fruit globose or ovoid, dehiscent or indehiscent. Corolla about 5 em. long.....------ 1. A. tetragonus. Corolla about 3 em, long.....--------- 2. A. strigosus. 1. Alloplectus tetragonus (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 368. 1865-66. Glossoloma tetragonum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 41. pl. 7. 1861. Chiapas. Central America; type from Turrialba, Costa Rica. Scandent shrub, the branches villous-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrulate, sparsely pilose; pedicels shorter than the petioles; calyx red, 2.5 to 3 em. long, hirsute, the lobes laciniate-dentate; corolla pink, densely villous-hirsute. 2. Alloplectus strigosus (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 374. 1865-66. Saccoplectus strigosus Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 5: 118. 1861. Type material from Chinantla, Tepinapa, and Tintalcingo, Oaxaca. Stems hirsute-tomentose above, finally glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, obliquely elliptic-oblong, the larger ones 20 to 22 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed at base, puberulent; pedicels 12 mm. long; calyx nearly 2.5 em. long, the lobes shallowly and remotely serrate, red; corolla puberulent. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ALLOPLECTUS GLABER DC. Prodr. 7: 546. 1839. Type from mountains of Mazatlan (Guerrero ?). Stems said to be glabrous. 7. COLUMNEA LI. Sp. Pl. 638. 1753. Shrubs, usually scandent and rooting; leaves opposite; flowers usually red or yellowish, solitary or fasciculate in the axils; calyx inferior, 5-parted, the lobes usually entire; corolla tube often gibbous at base, straight or incurved, usually ventricose; fruit commonly baccate and indehiscent. Corolla yellow, not spotted_______.-____-__-_-_-- 1. C. flava. Corolla red, or yellow spotted with red. Corolla red, not spotted___.-....--_____ =. _..-2. C. erythrophoea. Corolla yellowish, with large, dark red spots.__._________ 3. C. schiedeana. 1. Columnea flava Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 39, 1842. Type from mountains of Oaxaca. Plants scandent, the branches fulvous-pilose; leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceo- late, sericeous-villous; peduncles shorter than the leaves; calyx lobes ovate, acute, entire, reddish, hirsute; corolla villous. 2. Columnea erythrophoea Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 39: 172. 1867. Described from cultivated plants, grown from seeds collected in Chiapas. Branches fleshy; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, acuminate, glabrous except beneath along the nerves; calyx deep rose, the segments cordate-acuminate, dentate; corolla 8 em. long, villous. 3. Columnea schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 249. 1833. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type material from Misantla and Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1331 Seandant shrub, the fieshy branches reddish-villous above; leaves short- petiolate, obliquely oblong or lanceolate, 5 to 10 em. long, acute, very oblique at base, sericeous or somewhat tomentose, especially beneath, often tinged with red; flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx red, the lobes lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, entire or remotely dentate, rounded at base, villosulous; corolla 5.5 to 6 cm. long villous; fruit globose, white. 152. ACANTHACEAE. Acanthus Family. Shrubs or herbs, rarely small trees, the pubescence usually of simple hairs; leaves opposite, mostly entire, commonly marked with linear cystoliths, estipu- late; flowers perfect, small or large, usually irregular, bracteate and bibracteolate; calyx inferior, the 5 (rarely 4) segments usually united for less than half their length, often nearly free; corolla gamopetalous, the tube slender or broad, the limb subequally 5-lobate or more commonly bilabiate; perfect stamens 4 or 2, attached to the corolla tube, the fifth stamen (or 2 of the others also) sometimes represented by staminodia; style simple, usually bilobate at apex; fruit capsular, usually stipitate, 2-celled, elastically dehiscent; seeds 2 or several. A large number of herbaceous plants of the family, some of them belonging to. genera not listed here, occur in Mexico. Fertile stamens 4. Corolla limb with subequal lobes. Flowers in large dense terminal spikes furnished with large bracts. 1. BARLERIA. Flowers not spicate. Anthers 1-celled___._.-..----------------------- 2. HOLOGRAPHIS. Anthers 2-celled. Calyx lobes narrow, acute or acuminate, not coriaceous__3. RUELLIA. Calyx lobes broad, obtuse, coriaceous_-------------- 4. BRAVAISIA. Corolla limb bilabiate. Flowers in very dense spikes, subtended by large bracts; corolla tube long Rid SIGQUEE cece n cote cane conse eeee ence onset 5. APHELANDRA. Flowers in small interrupted spikes, the bracts small and inconspicuous; corolla tube short, ampliate__________--------------- 6. BERGINIA. Fertile stamens 2. Calyx with 3 segments___---.---------------------- 7. LOUTERIDIUM. Calyx with 4 or 5 segments. Anther cells parallel, equal, both inserted at the same height upon the filamenu. Staminodia (sterile stamens) present. Flowers in axillary few-flowered cymes_.._-8. CHILERANTHEMUM. Flowers in terminal, simple or paniculate racemes. 9. ODON'TONEMA. Staminodia none. Corolla lobes widely spreading, longer than the tube; flowers small. 10. CARLOWRIGHTIA. Corolla lobes erect-recurved, often shorter than the tube; flowers large. 11. ANISACANTHUS. Anther cells unequal, inserted at different heights. Calyx tubular, 5-dentate_.-_-_-------------------- 12. NEOHALLIA. Calyx deeply 5-lobate or 5-parted. Calyx lobes broad, foliaceous____.-.-------------- 13. TABASCINA. Calyx lobes usually linear or subulate. Anther cells not mucronate af base_.........---- 14. JACOBINIA. 1332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Anther cells mucronate or calcarate at base. Corolla tube usually ampliate above_____-_._____- 15. JUSTICIA. Corolla tube slender, not or scarcely ampliate. Corolla lobes abruptly spreading__-__- 16. SIPHONOGLOSSA. Corolla lobes not abruptly spreading, the posterior lip erect or nearly so____-.-.---.---_--_-__-_-- 17. BELOPERONE. 1. BARLERIA L. Sp. Pl. 636. 1753. 1. Barleria micans Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Barleria discolor Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Tepic to Morelos, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Guatemala to Colombia; type from Taboga Island, Panama. Plants herbaceous or fruticose, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 10 to 25 cm. long, long-acuminate, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, sparsely strigose or hirtellous; flowers in large dense terminal spikes, the bracts large, lance-ovate to broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, strigose and hirsute- ciliate, bluish when dry; calyx lobes very unequal, 2 of them narrow, the other 2 large and resembling the bracts; corolla 5 to 5.5 em. long, yellow, turning bluish purple when dry, the tube long and slender, the 5 lobes subequal, spreading; stamens 4; seeds 2 in each cell. ‘Ojo de buey” (Veracruz). 2. HOLOGRAPHIS Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847. Holographis (?) ilicifolia T. S. Brandeg.,! the only other species assigned to the genus, has not been seen by the writer. 1. Holographis ehrenbergiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf to Puebla; type from Hacienda de Guadela. Slender shrub; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oblong-ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute or obtuse at base, scaberulous above, whitish-puberulent beneath; flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters; calyx 5-parted, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, puberulent, the tube very short, the throat obconic, the lobes of the limb subequal; stamens 4, the anthers lanate. 3. RUELLIA L. Sp. Pl. 634. 1753. Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves entire or serrulate; flowers large, axillary, solitary, fasciculate, or cymose, the bracts usually narrow and incon- spicuous; calyx 5-parted or deeply 5-lobate, the segments linear or lanceolate, subequal; corolla tube straight or incurved, abruptly dilated into a campanulate throat, the lobes spreading, subequal, contorted; stamens 4; capsule clavate or oblong-linear, stipitate, the seeds usually 6 or more. Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Corolla contracted at the mouth, the lobes small, 3 mm. long or less. Corolla glabrous_____-_------------------------------- 1. R. cupheoides. Corolla pilose____._-.------------------------------------ 2. R. sororia. Corolla not contracted at the mouth, the lobes large. Leaves glabrous beneath. Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long; tube of the corolla shorter than the throat. 3. R. peninsularis. Leaves mostly 4 to 15 em. long; tube of the corolla equaling or longer than the throat. Calyx in anthesis 5 mm. long or less; capsule glabrous or nearly so, 4. R. alboviolacea. 1 Zoe 5: 236. 1906. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1333 Calyx in anthesis 8 to 10 mm. long; capsule densely pruinose-puberulent. 5. R. albiflora. Leaves finely or coarsely pubescent beneath. Corolla lobes 5 mm. long or less__---------------------- 6. R. albicaulis. Corolla lobes 1 cm. long or larger. Calyx lobes 3 to 6 mm. wide, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Corolla throat not saccate below, the tube equaling or longer than the thivOGbecco ooo ee ee eee a 7. R. speciosa. Corolla throat strongly saccate at base, the tube much shorter than the throat. Leaves broadly deltoid-ovate; corolla glabrous outside. 8. R. bourgaei. Leaves lance-oblong; corolla pilose outside---------- 9. R. palmeri. Calyx lobes less than 2 mm. wide, linear. Flowers in large cymes; calyx about 5 cm. long----- 10. R. jaliscana. Flowers mostly solitary; calyx 2.5 cm. long or less. Pubescence of the branches eglandular; corolla white. 11. R. leucantha. Pubescence of the branches of gland-tipped hairs; corolla purple or purplish. Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs. 12. R. hirsuto-glandulosa. Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs-__- -- -- 13. R. californica. 1. Ruellia cupheoides Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 502. 1901. Type from limestone mountains above Iguala, Guerrero, altitude 1,200 meters. Slender shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branchlets short-pilose; leaves elliptic- ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, short-acuminate, entire, short-pilose or glabrate; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the lobes linear- lanceolate; corolla red, 3.5 em. long. 2. Ruellia sororia Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Chilapa and Tixtla, Guerrero (Nelson 2160; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 908023). Shrub, the branchlets cinereous-puberulent and somewhat glandular-viscid; leaves petiolate, elliptic-ovate, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acute at base, entire, whitish-pilose above, densely so beneath; flowers in dense few-flowered cymes, short-pedicellate; calyx 1.5 cm. long, the lobes linear, densely covered with short gland-tipped hairs and with some longer white eglandular ones; corolla 3.5 cm. long, glandular-pilose outside, the tube about 17 mm. long, 2 mm. thick, the throat about 15 mm. long and 7 mm. thick, very oblique, the lobes erect, 3 mm. long; anthers 3 mm. long, exceeding the corolla lobes. In form the corolla is like that of R. cupheotdes. 3. Ruellia peninsularis (Rose) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1172. 1924. Calophanes peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890. Baja California and Sonora; type from La Paz, Baja California. Shrub, about 1 meter high, the leaves and young parts glutinous, glabrous throughout; leaves broadly ovave to oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, entire; flowers solitary, short-pedicellate; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate; corolla purple, 3 to 5 cm. long, the throat about 1 cm, broad. 4. Ruellia alboviolacea Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 318. 1904. Type from La Victoria, Michoacén or Guerrero, altitude 900 meters. 1334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub, 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12° cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous; peduncles several-flowered; calyx lobes linear-subulate; corolla about 3.5 em. long, white with violet center, the throat 1 cm. broad, obscurely puberulent outside. 5. Ruellia albiflora Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 92. 1897. Colima to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 4 to 16 cm. long, acuminate, acute to attenuate at base, entire; flowers white, sessile or nearly so in the axils; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate; corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long, puberulent, the throat 5 to 6 mm. broad. ‘‘Tronador” (Guerrero). 6. Ruellia albicaulis Bert.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 822. 1825. Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Yucatdn, and Veracruz. Central America and northern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Plants suffrutescent, about a meter high, the branches glandular-pilose, the older ones whitish; leaves long-petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 13 em. long or less, acuminate, acute or short-decurrent at base, usually denticulate or serrulate, hispidulous; flowers in loose axillary cymes, slender-pedicellate; calyx glandular- pilose, the lobes linear, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; corolla purplish, 2 to 2.5 em. long, the throat 4 to 5 mm. thick. ‘‘Hierba del cabro,” ‘“‘chancho del monte” (El Salvador). The plant exhales a very strong and offensive goatlike odor. 7. Ruellia speciosa (Nees) Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4%: 310. 1895. Ophthalmacanthus speciosus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 220. 1847. Ruellia pulcherrima T. Anderson; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 507. 1882. Hidalgo, Mexico, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Banos de Atoto el Grande. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the young branches glandular-pilosulous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire, short-pilose and viscid, densely so beneath; peduncles elongate, 1 to 3-flowered; calyx 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the Jobes lance-linear; corolla pale vellow, about 6 cm. long. 8. Ruellia bourgaei Hemsl. Diag. P]. Mex. 35. 1879. Jalisco to Veracruz and Mexico; type from mountains near Guadalupe, Mexico, Plants large and coarse, herbaceous or perhaps suffrutescent, the stems densely glandular-pubescent; leaves 8 to 21 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to truncate at base and abruptly long-decurrent, sinuate-dentate, densely pubescent or some- times glabrate; flowers pink, cymose-paniculate; calyx 2.5 to 3 cm. long; corolla 9 to 11 em. long, the throat about 4 cm. broad. 9. Ruellia palmeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 343. 1912. Ruellia montezumae Lindau, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 424. 1913. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches viscid-puberulent; leaves 5 to 15 em. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, entire, gland-dotted, puberulent or glabrate; peduncles few-flowered; calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla 7 to 8.5 em. long, creamy white, the throat about 3 em. broad. 10. Ruellia jaliscana Standl., sp. nov. Type collected between Mascota and San Sebastiin, Jalisco (Nelson 4051; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 327151). Branches obtusely quadrangular, tomentulose, glandular-pilosulous above; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, 9 to 18 cm. long, abruptly short- acuminate, rounded at base and abruptly decurrent, shallowly sinuate-dentate, villous-hirsutulous with whitish hairs; flowers cymose-paniculate, the peduncles STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1335 many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx about 5 cm. long, the lobes narrowly linear, foliaceous, densely glandular-pilose; corolla about 7 cm. long, sparsely pilosulous outside, the tube 3 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. thick, the throat 3 cm. long, nearly 2 em. broad, the lobes 1 cm. long, obtuse or acutish; anthers 7 mm. long, equaling the corolla lobes. 11. Ruellia leucantha T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 109. 1901. Southern Baja California. Shrub, about 80 cm. high, the branches densely pubescent with eglandular hairs; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, acute or short- acuminate, entire, densely pubescent; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long; corolla about 6 cm. long. 12. Ruellia hirsuto-glandulosa (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 505. 1882. Dipteracanthus hirsuto-glandulosus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 123. 1854. Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla, and perhaps elsewhere; type material from Hacienda Buena Vista, Veracruz, and Tehuacan, Puebla. Shrub; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, entire, densely stellate-pubescent and glandular-puberulent; calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla 5 to 7 cm. long. 13. Ruellia californica (Rose) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1171. 1924. Calophanes californica Rose, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 1: 85. 1890. Baja California and Sonora; type from Santa Rosalia, Baja California. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, densely glandular-puberulent or glandular-hirtel- lous; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire; calyx 1 to 1.5 cm. long; corolla 4.5 to 5.5 em. long. 4. BRAVAISIA DC. Bibl. Univ. Genéve 17: 124. 1838. Shrubs or trees; leaves petiolate, entire or sinuate-dentate; flowers in paniculate cymes or thyrses; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes subcoriaceous, rounded at apex; corolla tube short, the throat ampliate, campanulate, the lobes subequal, rounded, spreading; stamens 4; ovules 2 to 4 in each cell of the ovary. Bractlets shorter than the calyx; bracts mostly small and inconspicuous. 1. B. integerrima. Bractlets longer than the calyx; bracts large and leaflike------- 2. B. tubiflora. 1. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. Amazonia integerrima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 765. 1826. Bravaisia floribunda DC. Prodr. 9: 240. 1845. Onychacanthus berlandierianus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847. Tamaulipas to Guerrero and Oaxaca. ‘entral and South America. Shrub or tree, 3.5 to 15 meters high, the young branches finely puberulent; leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic, mostly 5 to 19 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute or sometimes obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly 80; corolla white, about 2 em. long. ‘Palo blanco” (Guerrero) ; ‘“‘nalo de agua”’ (Costa Rica). The genus Androcentrum Lem,’ was based upon a single species, A. multiflorum, deseribed from Mexico. The specimens referred to that species, which have been seen by the writer, do not appear to differ from Bravaisia integerrima. 1 Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: 242. 1847. 1336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2. Bravaisia tubiflora Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1516. 1886. Yucatan; type from Cozumel Island. Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, the branchlets hirtellous; leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4 to 7 em. long, acute at base, glabrate; corolla purplish, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, the lobes usually emarginate. 5. APHELANDRA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810. Shrubs or large herbs; leaves large; flowers red or yellow, sessile in the axes of large imbricate opposite bracts, forming large terminal spikes; calyx 5-parted, the segments narrow, subequal or the posterior one larger; corolla tube straight or incurved, sometimes ampliate above, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip erect, the anterior reflexed-spreading, 3-lobate; stamens 4; ovules 2 in each cell. Leaves quaternate__.--..----- 1. A. verticillata. Leaves opposite. Bracts entire. Bracts acuminate. Lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla nearly as long as the central ONG aes eee eee a eee 2. A. madrensis. Lateral lobes much shorter than the central one.__.3. A. pulcherrima. Bracts very obtuse. Corolla pilose outside; bracts about 2 em. long__.____4. A. schiedeana. Corolla glabrous; bracts 3 to 4 cm. long______...___.___B. A. speciosa. Bracts serrate. Lateral lobes of the lower lip one-third as long as the central one or longer. 6. A. aurantiaca. Lateral lobes of the lower lip less than one-fourth as long as the central one. 7. A. deppeana. 1. Aphelandra verticillata Nees (in DC. Prodr. 11: 281, as synonym. 1849) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 513. 1882. Crossandra haenkeana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 281. 1847. Type from somewhere in Mexico. Plants herbaceous, 60 to 90 em. high, villous; leaves ovate, 9 em. long or less, acuminate, attenuate at base, pilose above, pubescent beneath; bracts elliptic, cuspidate, glabrous but ciliate; corolla glabrous, 3.5 em. long. Known to the writer only from the original description. 2. Aphelandra madrensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 326. 1904. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacdn or Guerrero, altitude 1,600 meters. Shrub 3 to 4 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong or ovate, 10 to 15 cm. long, obtusely acuminate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath along the nerves; bracts about 17 mm. long; corolla pred, puberulent, the tube 28 mm. long, the posterior lip 7 mm. long. 3. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817. Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 11. 1760. Reported from Guerrero. Martinique and northern South America. Shrub, the branches villous above; leaves elliptic or ovate, decurrent at base into a short petiole, villous beneath; bracts half as long as the calyx, ovate, pubescent and ciliate; corolla red, villous. Probably not distinct from A. tetragona (Vahl) Nees, which occurs in Panama and Costa Rica. 4. Aphelandra schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 95. 1830. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna and Barranca de Tioselo, Veracruz. . , STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1337 Shrub; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 cm. long, long-acuminate, long- attenuate to the slender petiole, entire, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-pilose beneath or nearly glabrous; spikes 9 cm. long or less; bracts oval, thin, glabrous or nearly so, longer than the calyx; corolla red, about 6 cm. long, pilose, 5. Aphelandra speciosa T. 5S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915. Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas. Plants suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic-oblong, long-petiolate, 10 to 32 em. long, long-acuminate, attenuate at base, thin, entire; spikes 12 to 16 cm. long, the bracts reddish, ciliolate, longer than the calyx; corolla red, glabrous, the tube 2 cm. long. 6. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 12. 1845. Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91; 22. 1842. Aphelandra acutifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 299. 1847. ?Hydromestus maculatus Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenz. 1842: 285. 1842. ?Strobilorachis glabra Klotzsch; Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar, 117. pl. 48. 1842. 2A phelandra hydromestus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 512. 1882. Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Central and South America. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic, 8 to 30 cm. long, acuminate, acute or attenute at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so; spikes 6 to 16 cm. long, the bracts pilose or puberulent; corolla orange, about 6 cm. long. 7. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 96. 1830. Aphelandra cristata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817. Not A. cristata R. Br. 1810. Aphelandra pectinata Willd.; Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Aphelandra haenkeana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 298. 1847. Guerrero to Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatdn, and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central and South America; West Indies. Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate-elliptic to lance-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, decurrent below, often to the base of the petiole, entire, usually scabrous above and pubescent beneath; spikes often clustered, the bracts with glandular spots on each side; corolla red, about 4 cm. long. ‘‘Afiilillo,” ‘anil cimarr6én” (Tabasco); “chamoltaco”’ (Nicaragua); ‘‘oreja de coyote,” ‘‘cordon- cillo,” ‘palo del golpe” (El Salvador). 6. BERGINIA Harv.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 1096. 1873. Low shrubs with whitish branches; leaves sessile or nearly so, entire; flowers small, sessile in the axils of small bracts, forming terminal, more or less inter- rupted spikes; bractlets narrow, rigid, resembling the calyx lobes; calyx 5-parted, the segments linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid; corolla tube short, ampliate above, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4, the anthers glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell. The following species are the only ones known. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, minutely scaberulo-puberulent. 1. B. virgata. Leaves broadly ovate to oval or rounded, hirtellous---------- 2. B. palmeri. 1. Berginia virgata Harv.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 1097. 1873. Pringleophytum lanceolatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 293. 1885. Baja California and Sonora; type probably from Sonora. Branches scaberulous; leaves 1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute; spikes 13 cm. long or less; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, minutely puberulent; corolla about 12 mm. long, puberulent, pink. : 1338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2. Berginia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 86. 1890. Type from Santa Rosalia, Baja California. Shrub, 50 em. high; leaves 7 to 15 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex; spikes 6 mm. long or less; calyx densely glandular-pubescent; corolla pink, 1 cm. long. 7. LOUTERIDIUM S&S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 283. 1888, Shrubs; leaves petiolate, crenate or entire; flowers large, in narrow, nearly naked, terminal racemes or panicles; calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes broad, the 3 upper ones wholly united, the 2 upper ones distinct; corolla tube very short, abruptly expanded into a broad hoodlike throat, the lobes short; stamens 2, exserted; capsule sessile, the cells 6 to 8-seeded. Two other species are known, natives of Guatemala and Costa Rica. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, long-attenuate to the base_____1. L. mexicanum. Leaves rounded-ovate, cordate or subcordate at base________ 2. L. conzattii. 1. Louteridium mexicanum (Baill.) Standl. Neolindenia mexicana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 851. 1889. Louteridium purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914. Chiapas; type from Zacualpan. Plants suffrutescent, glabrous except in the inflorescence, there minutely puberulent; leaves 15 to 28 em. long, short-acuminate, short-petiolate, nearly entire; flowers yellowish and purplish, long-pedicellate; calyx 2 to 3.5 em. long. 2. Louteridium conzattii Standl., sp. nov. Type collected along the banks of the Rfo Grande, between Jalapa de Diaz and La Raya, Distrito de Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, altitude 450 meters (Conzatti 3788; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,014,038). ; Plants glabrous throughout; petioles 4.5 to 6 cm. long; leaves rounded-ovate, 11 to 22 em. long, 10 to 17 em. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, shallowly or deeply cordate at base, entire or nearly so; flowers in a terminal elongate leafy-bracted panicle; calyx about 2 cm. long, the upper lobe abruptly short-acuminate, the lower ones falcate, obtuse. All the flowers are still in bud and the corollas not yet fully developed. The plant is closely related to L. donnell-smithii S. Wats., but in that all parts are densely pubescent. 8. CHILERANTHEMUM Ooerst. Dansk. Vid. Medd. 1854: 166. 1854. A single species is known. 1, Chileranthemum trifidum Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 166. 1854. Veracruz; type from Mecapaleo. Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong, about 6 em. long, obtusely acuminate, acute at base, petiolate, entire; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, few-flowered; calyx 5-parted, the segments equal, linear, 6 mm. long; corolla tube 5 mm. long, the limb bilabiate, 8 mm. long; fertile stamens 2, the anther cells equal and inserted at the same height, 2 small staminodia also present; ovules 2 in each cell. Known to the writer only from the original description and from Hemsley’s illustration.! 9. ODONTONEMA Nees, Linnaea 16: 300. 1842, Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, large; leaves large, entire; flowers red, pedicellate, fasciculate in the axils of small bracts, arranged in terminal, simple or paniculate racemes; calyx small, 5-parted, the segments narrow, acuminate; Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. pl. 67, f. 1-5. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1339 corolla tube elongate, straight or slightly curved, slightly ampliate above, the limb nearly regular or bilabiate, the posterior lip entire or bilobate, the anterior one 3-parted; stamens 2; ovules 2 in each cell. Corolla limb conspicuously bilabiate, the lobes 5 to 8 mm. long. 1. O. callistachyum. Corolla limb nearly regular, the lobes usually shorter. Leaves pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence leafy-bracted. 2. O. foliaceo-bracteatum. Leaves glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence not leafy-bracted. Inflorescence racemose, puberulent; leaves puberulent beneath along the 0): || a a ee ee 3. O. cuspidatum. Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, glabrous; leaves glabrous. 4, O. glabrum. 1. Odontonema callistachyum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891. Justicia callistachya Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 370. 1831. Thyrsacanthus callistachyus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 326. 1847. Thyrsacanthus lilacinus Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 6: 159. 1851. Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Misantla, Veracruz: Central America. Plants suffrutescent, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic-ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, the upper ones usually sessile but the lower petiolate; flowers red or pink, in dense or interrupted, racemiform, often paniculate thyrses, the branches pubescent or glabrous; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the throat 5 mm. broad. 2. Odontonema foliaceo-bracteatum (Oerst.) Kuntze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891. Thyrsacanthus foliaceo-bracteatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn. Vid. Medd. 1854: 146. 1855. Type from Mirador, Veracruz. Stems villous; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 13 cm. long, short-acumi- nate, attenuate at base to a short petiole; flowers sessile; calyx lobes linear. Known to the writer only from the original description. The plant was referred doubtfully to Thyrsacanthus by Oersted and may belong to some other genus. 3. Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 494. 1891. Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 323. 1847. Chiapas and Tabasco; reported from Oaxaca; type from Teapa, Tabasco. Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong, about 25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, petiolate, glabrous above; corolla 2.5 cm. long. Thyrsacanthus strictus Nees,! of Guatemala and El Salvador, is scarcely distinct. 4. Odontonema glabrum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 195. 1915. Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda. Plants suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, acute at base; corolla 2.5 em. long. 10. CARLOWRIGHTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 364. 1877. Plants suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves entire; flowers small, loosely spicate or racemose, often paniculate; calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft; corolla tube slender, the throat not dilated, the limb nearly equally 4-cleft; stamens 2, the anther cells equal, inserted at the same height; capsule stipitate, 4-seeded. 1In DC. Prodr. 11: 324. 1847. 1340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves linear or nearly so. Branches of the inflorescence glabrous___......____-.-_____ 1. C. pectinata. Branches of the inflorescence puberulent. Pubescence glandular___..______....________________. 2. C. lindauiana. Pubescence eglandular._.___ meee ee eee eee 3. C. linearifolia. Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate. Flowers axillary or in short racemes. Stems very minutely puberulent, the hairs scarcely perceptible. 4. C. parvifolia. Stems pilose or pubescent, the hairs conspicuous. Pubescence all or chiefly eglandular___...___.__________. 5. C. pubens. Pubescence chiefly of gland-tipped hairs. Leaves cordate or subcordate at base_..___________ 6. C. glandulosa. Leaves obtuse or acute at base__._...___________- 7. C. serpyllifolia, Flowers chiefly in long naked spikes. Branches bisulcate and angulate. Stems scaberulous; capsule glabrous._____________________ 8. C. ovata. Stems sparsely hirsute; capsule puberulent___________ 9. C. haplocarpa. Branches terete. Leaves nearly sessile, 6 mm. wide or less____________-_ 10. C. arizonica. Leaves conspicuously petiolate, 1 to 4 cm. wide or larger. Leaves rounded or obtuse at base___..____________. 11. C. glabrata, Leaves cordate or subcordate at base. Stems very minutely puberulent._______________ 12. C. cordifolia. Stems short-pilose or pubescent_______- ---.-----13. C. californica. 1. Carlowrightia pectinata T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 160. 1891. Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from San José del Cabo, Baja California. Plants slender, herbaceous or suffrutescent, erect or decurrent, glabrous; leaves sessile, 2 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide; flowers in interrupted panicled few- flowered spikes; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long, the tube much shorter than the lobes. Carlowrightia fimbriata T. 8S. Brandeg.,! described from San Pedro, Baja Cali- fornia, is scarcely distinct. 2. Carlowrightia lindauiana Standl. Carlowrightia linearifolia Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 661. 1897. Not C. linearifolia A. Gray, 1877. Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from some unknown Mexican locality. Plants slender, woody below, the stems striate, glabrate; leaves 2 to 5 em. long, 5 mm. wide or less, sessile or nearly so, glabrous or scaberulous; flowers in slender interrupted naked spikes; corolla purplish, 8 to 10 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. long; capsule puberulent or glabrous. 3. Carlowrightia linearifolia (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 13: 364. 1877. Schaueria linearifolia Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859. No Mexican specimens seen by the writer, but the plant doubtless occurs in Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern Arizona. Plants herbaceous or often fruticose below, the branches minutely scaberulous; leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, scaberulous; flowers pedicellate, race- mose-paniclate; corolla purplish, 1 em. long. 4. Carlowrightia parvifolia T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 190 1911. 1 Proc, Calif. Acad. II. 8: 161, 1891. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1341 Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila. Plants chiefly herbaceous, 20 cm. high or less, much branched; leaves linear- lanceolate to lance-ovate, less than 1 cm. long, acute at base; corolla 7 mm. long. 5. Carlowrightia pubens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886. Shaueria parvifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 122. 1859. Not Carlo- wrightia parvifolia T. S. Brandeg. 1911. Dianthera parvifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 330, 1878. Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén. Western Texas; type collected along Cibolo Creek. Plants chiefly herbaceous, 25 em. high or less, much branched; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1.5 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent; corolla about 7 mm. long; stipe shorter than the body of the capsule. 6. Carlowrightia glandulosa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 40. 1896. San Luis Potos{ to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban, Oaxaca, alti- tude 1,650 meters. Plants chiefly herbaceous, densely glandular-pubescent or pilose throughout; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse; corolla purplish, about 1.5 cm. long; stipe fully as long as the body of the capsule. 7. Carlowrightia serpyllifolia A. Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. 21: 405. 1886. Coahuila; type from mountains near Jimulco. Plants suffrutescent, loosely branched, with whitish branches; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 6 to 15 mm, long, acute or obtuse, glandular-puberulent ; corolla purplish; stipe equaling the body of the capsule. 8. Carlowrightia ovata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886. Type collected near the city of Chihuahua. Plants woody below, procumbent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, glabrate; corolla purple; stipe equaling the body of the capsule. 9. Carlowrightia haplocarpa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 30. 1894. San Luis Potos{; type from Villar. Plants slender, suffrutescent, 40 cm. high or less; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, subcordate at base, sparsely hirsute or glabrate beneath ; corolla purple, 10 to 12 mm. long; capsule pubescent, the stipe equaling the body. 10. Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 13: 364. 1877. Sonora and Sinaloa. Southern Arizona; type from Camp Grant. Plants woody below, 50 em. high or less, the branches minutely puberulent; leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acuminate, short-petiolate; corolla about 13 mm. long, cream-colored; stipe usually longer than the body of the capsule. 11. Carlowrightia glabrata Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 536. 1895. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima. Plants large, slender, hirtellous or glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance- oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, acute, pubescent or glabrate beneath; stipe longer than the body of the capsule. 12. Carlowrightia cordifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886. Chihuahua and Baja California; type from mountains above Batopilas, Chi- huahua. Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, ovate, 1 to 4 em. long, acute or acuminate, finely puberulent; corolla white, 1 cm. long; stipe equaling the body of the capsule. 1342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 13. Carlowrightia californica T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 172. 1903. Baja California and Sinaloa; type from southern Baja California. Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, pubescent, acuminate; corolla cream-colored, 8 mm, long; stipe equaling the body of the capsule. Probably only a form of C. cordifolia. 11. ANISACANTHUS Nees, Linnaea 16: 307. 1842. Shrubs; leaves petiolate, entire; flowers red, mostly in terminal, simple or branched, secund, interrupted, terminal spikes, the bracts usually small; calyx 5-cleft, the segments narrow, subequal; corolla tube slender, elongate, straight or slightly incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip usually entire, the anterior 3-parted; stamens 2, the anther cells equal and inserted at the same height; ovules 2 in each cell. Bractlets much longer than the calyx_______- peee eo eeeeeeeee 1. A. abditus. Bractlets much shorter than the calyx. Calyx lobes longer than the stpe of the capsule and often equaling the body of the capsule_______....____-_____ 2-2 ee. 2. A. thurberi. Calyx lobes equaling or shorter than the stipe of the capsule. Calyx without glandular pubescence. Calyx lobes glabrous but ciliate; lips of the corolla shorter than the tube. 3. A. gonzalezii. Calyx lobes pubescent on the back; lips about as long as the tube. 4. A. pumilus. Calyx glandular-puberulent. Corolla 4 to 5.5 em. long_________-_..-. 2-8. 5. A. insignis. Corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long. Calyx in anthesis about 3 mm. long_________________ 6. A. wrightii. Calyx in anthesis 5 to 6 mm. long____--___________. 7. A. quadrifidus. 1. Anisacanthus abditus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe. 3: 348. 1893. Sonora; type from Sierra Matapin. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with whitish branches; leaves long-petiolate, lance- olate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, acuminate, densely glandular-puberu- lent; inflorescence short and dense, leafy-bracted, few-flowered ; bractlets 8 to 12 mm. long, obtuse glandular-pilosulous; corolla rose-colored, 3 to 4 em. long, glabrous. 2. Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 328. 1878. Drejera thurberi Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859, Chihuahua and Sonora; type from Las Animas, Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico. , Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves lanceolate or oblong, short-petiolate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, hirtellous or puberulent; flowers pedicellate, the calyx glandular- puberulent; corolla red, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, pilose, the lobes equaling or shorter than the tube. ‘“Chuparosa”’ (Sonora, Arizona). 3. Anisacanthus gonzalezii Green. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 89. 1903. Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de Quiotepec, altitude 1,200 meters. Shrub, the branchlets appressed-pubescent or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, lance-ovate to linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acuminate, glabrous or pu- bescent beneath along the costa; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla red, 3 to 4 em. long, pilosulous, the lips shorter than the tube. 4. Anisacanthus pumilus (Dietr.) Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 445. 1847. Justicia pumila Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Girtn. Nachtr. 4: 197. 1815-21. Drejera greggit Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1343 Anisacanthus greggiit A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2!: 328. 1878. San Luis Potosf to Michoacan. Low shrub with exfoliating bark; leaves lanceolate or lanceovate, short- petiolate, 4 cm. long or less, cinereous-pilose beneath or finally glabrate; calyx about 6 mm. long; corolla 4 to 4.5 cm. long, puberulent. 5. Anisacanthus insignis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2!: 457. 1886. Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Western Texas. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, linear to narrowly lanceolate (on young sterile shoots sometimes lance-ovate and long-petiolate), 2 to 3 em. long, puberulent or glabrate; flowers pedicellate; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla rose-red or salmon- colored, pilosulous. The writer has seen no material of A. tulensis Greenm.!, which was described from Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca. Its description agrees well with specimens of A. insignis, but it may be a distinct species. 6. Anisacanthus wrightii (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 328. 1878. Drejera wrightti Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859. Coahuila and Zacatecas to Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected between the Guadalupe River and the Rio Grande. Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches puberulent in lines; leaves short- petiolate, linear to ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers sessile; corolla puberulent or pilosulous. “ Muicle” (Tamau- lipas). The plant is employed in Tamaulipas as a remedy for colic. 7. Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Standl. Justicia coccinea Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: pl. 199. 1793. Not J. coccinea Aubl. 1775. Justicia quadrifida Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 124. 1804. Justicia virgularis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 50. 1806-07. Anisacanthus virgularis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 445. 1847. Drejera puberula Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859. Drejera juncea Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859. Anisacanthus junceus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882. San Luis Potosf to Puebla and Oaxaca. Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, linear to lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so: corolla red, pilosulous or puberulent. 12. NEOHALLIA Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 519. 1882. A single species is known. 1. Neohallia borrerae Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 519. 1882. Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Chiapas. Plants large, probably shrubby, glabrous; leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 20 to 35 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate to the base, short-petiolate, entire; flowers in pedunculate clusters of 2 or 3, the large bracts about 6 cm. long, cuplike; calyx tubular, subequally 5-dentate; corolla about 7 cm. long, the tube slender, slightly incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip erect, narrow, subemargi- nate, the lower short and 3-dentate; stamens 2, the anther cells unequal. 13. TABASCINA Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 445. 1891. The single species of the genus is known to the writer only from description. 1. Tabascina lindeni Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 445. 1891. Mexico, the locality not indicated, but (judging from the generic name) prob- ably in Tabasco. 1 Field Mus. Bot. 2: 348. 1912. 57020—26——3 1344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub; leaves elliptic-acuminate, long-attenuate to the petiole, large, nearly glabrous; flowers in terminal cymes, the bracts and bractlets small; calyx lobes broad, foliaceous, the posterior one larger; corolla tube campanulate, pubescent, the limb with 5 short subequal lobes; stamens 2. the cells unequal. 14. JACOBINIA Moric. Pl. Nouv. Amer. 156. 1846. Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire; flowers usually red or yellow, sessile in the axils of bracts or short-pedicellate, solitary, cymose, spicate, or paniculate; calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted, the lobes narrow; corolla tube usually slender and elongate, straight or incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip narrow, erect, entire or shallowly bilobate, the anterior lip 3-lobate; stamens 2, the anther cells more or less unequal, not appendaged at base; ovules 2 in each cell. Flowers in a large dense terminal thyrse; leaves not auriculate at base of petiole. 1. J. umbrosa. Flowers not in a dense terminal thyrse or, if so, the leaves auriculate at base of petiole. Leaves stellate-pubescent__..........-.-..------------- ee 2. J. stellata. Leaves glabrous or with pubescence of simple hairs. Calyx lobes mostly 2 to 3 mm. wide, large and herbaceous, sometimes obtuse. Calyx lobes obtuse_...._......_.-------- 22 eee 3. J. purpusii. Calyx lobes acuminate. Calyx parted nearly to the base_...____..--_______ 4. J. paniculata. Calyx with a tube nearly as long as the lobes_______- 5. J. albicaulis. Calyx lobes 1.5 mm. wide or less, small, linear or lance-subulate, never obtuse. Leaves auriculate at base of petiole.._..___.___.____- 6. J. auriculata.. Leaves not auriculate at base. Corolla glabrous. Leaves densely velutinous-pubescent beneath________- 7. J. incana.. Leaves glabrous beneath except along the veins. .____ 8. J. spicigera. Corolla pilose or puberulent. Calyx glandular-pubescent. Stems pubescent-tomentose_____._______- 9. J. aschenborniana. Stems hirsute_...___..___._-__-__-- 2 22 _- 10. J. heterophylla. Calyx without glandular pubescence. Bracts equaling or longer than the calyx______- 11. J. candicans. Bracts much shorter than the calyx. Leaves glabrate beneath._......._..-..--.-- 12. J. mexicana. Leaves subtomentose beneath..______._._.____- 13. J. mollis. 1, Jacobinia umbrosa (Benth.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52:103. 1917. Justicia aurea Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 393. 1832. Justicia umbrosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 79. 1841. Cyrtanthera catalpaefolia Nees in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4444. 1849. ?Cyrtanthera chrysostephana Hook. f. in Curtis’s, Bot. Mag. pl. 5887. 1871. Jacobinia aurea Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 35. 1879. NotJ.aurea Hiern, 1877-78. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Tioselo, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4 meters high or larger, the branches puberulent or glabrous; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 10 to 45 cm. long, usually acute or acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base, puberulent or nearly glabrous beneath; thyrses 7 to 30 cm. long, many-flowered; corolla yellow, about 5 em. long, puberulent or pilosulous. ‘‘ Monte de oro,” ‘‘pluma de oro” (Vera~ Cruz, Oaxaca); ‘“‘cola de ardilla’’ (El Salvador). STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1345 2. Jacobinia stellata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 390. 1894. Type from barranca of Tequila, Jalisco. Plants finely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 13.5 em. long, acuminate; flowers in few-flowered cymes in the upper axils; calyx glandular-pubescent, the lobes linear-oblanceolate, acutish; corolla reddish purple, 4 cm. long. 8. Jacobinia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 195. 1915. Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda. Plants chiefly herbaceous, the stems villosulous; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate- oblong to broadly ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, villosulous or sometimes hirsute beneath; flowers in small sessile terminal clusters; corolla yellow (?), about 7 cm. long, glandular-villous. 4. Jacobinia paniculata Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 153. 1855. Veracruz; cultivated at Guanajuato; type material from Mirador and Colipa, Veracruz. Central America. Plants suffrutescent, glabrous or nearly so; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute at base; flowers in lax terminal panicles; calyx 16 mm. long or less; corolla red and yellow, 3 to 3.5 em. long, pubescent. 5. Jacobinia albicaulis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 386. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Shrub, the branches glabrous; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-obovate, 6 to 12.5 em. long, short-acuminate, cuneate-attenuate at base, scaberulous above, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers cymose-paniculate; calyx 7 mm. long, glabrate; corolla red, 18 mm. long, glabrous. . 6. Jacobinia auriculata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 349. 1895. Type from Colima. Shrub, 1 meter high, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves sessile and clasping, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 8 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, rather abruptly atten- uate, glabrate; flowers in a dense terminal panicle; corolla crimson, 2.5 cm. long. 7. Jacobinia incana (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882. Sericographis incana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 361. 1847. Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosf; reported from Veracruz; type from Tolimdn (Querétaro ?). Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches densely pubescent; leaves petiolate, oblong to ovate, 6 to 14 cm. long, usually obtuse, acute or decurrent at base; flowers in few-flowered axillary and terminal cymes; corolla red, 4 cm. long. ‘Muicle’”’ (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas). Used in Tamaulipas as a remedy for colic. 8. Jacobinia spicigera (Schlecht.) L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1715. 1915. Justicia spicigera Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 395. 1832. Justicia atramentaria Benth. Pl. Hartw. 69. 1840. Drejera willdenowiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 334. 1847. Sericographis mohintli Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 361. 1847, Jacobinia mohintli Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882. Tepic to San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, and Chiapas; often cultivated; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches puberulent or glabrate; leaves short- petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 6 to 17 em. long, usually acute, glabrate; flowers in few-flowered, axillary or terminal cymes; corolla red or orange, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘‘Micle’’ (Guerrero, Durango); “mohuitli,” ‘“muicle,” ‘‘moictle,’’ “mui- eli,” “moytli,”’ “‘mohitli,” ‘‘mohintli,” ‘“‘mohintle’”’ (Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Queré- taro, Mexico, etc.; derivatives of the Nahuatl mohuitlt, ‘‘blue’’); “hierba del 1346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM anil’? (Chiapas); ‘‘hierba azul” (Veracruz); ‘‘trompetilla” (Veracruz); ‘charait- zicua”’ (Tarascan, Ramirez); “hierba afil’’ (Ramirez); ‘“mozote” (Nueva Farm. Mex.); ‘‘mirto del cerro”’ (Querétaro); ‘‘tinta,’”’ “sacatinta,”’ “hierba de la San- tisima Trinidad” (El Salvador). This plant is well known in Mexico and nearly throughout Central America. The leaves are placed in hot water, which at first assumes a dingy blackish color but later becomes dark blue. This solution is employed by laundresses for whitening clothes, in the same manner as indigo. The plant was employed for- merly in Mexico also as a dye. It is used as a remedy for dysentery, fevers, gonorrhoea, and other affections. 9. Jacobinia aschenborniana (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 520. 1882. Sericographis aschenborniana Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 362. 1847. ?Sericographis haplostachya Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 362. 1847. Described from somewhere in Mexico. Leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate, obtusely cuspidulate, hirsute above, hirsute-tomentose beneath; corolla 2.5 cm. long. Known to the writer only from the original description. 10. Jacobinia heterophylla (Schlecht. & Cham.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 520. 1882. Justicia heterophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 95. 1830. Type from Cerro Colorado, Veracruz. Stems fruticose; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtusely acuminate, acute at base, hirsute along the costa; corolla 2.5 cm. long. Known to the writer only from description. 11. Jacobinia candicans (Nees) Benth. & Hook.: Hook. & Jacks. Ind. Kew 1: 1246. 1893. Adhatoda candicans Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 396. 1847. Dianthera candicans Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 517. 1882, Jacobinia ovata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 405. 1886. Jacobinia ovata subglabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 67. 1889. Sonora to Oaxaca and Puebla; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 7 em. long, acute or acuminate, pubescent or glabrate; flowers in small, dense, few-flowered, sessile or subsessile clusters; corolla red, 3.5 to 4.em. long. “‘Es- puela de caballero”’ (Sinaloa). 12. Jacobinia mexicana Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 325. pl. 66. 1857. ?Jacobinia uhdet Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 488. 1895. Sinaloa; Querétaro (?); type from the Sierra Madre. Shrub, the branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves petiolate, ovate or lanceo- late, 3 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base; corolla red, about 3.5 cm. long. 13. Jacobinia mollis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 91. 1903. Type from Oaxaca. Branchlets hirsute-pubescent; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 9 cm. long, short-acuminate; flowers in short axillary racemes; corolla purplish 3.5 cm. long. , DOUBTFUL SPECIES. JACOBINIA GHIESBREGHTIANA (Lem.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 520. 1882. Cyrtanthera ghiesbreghtiana Lem. FI. Serr. Jard. 1847: Misc. No. 7. 1847; Sericographis ghiesbreghtiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 730. 1847. Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1347 JACOBINIA LONGIFLORA (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882. Heinzelia longiflora Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 314. 1847. Type from “Las Ajuntas.” JACOBINIA MACROPHYLLA (Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882. Sericographis macrophylla Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 149. 1855. Type from Veracruz. JACOBINIA OAXACANA Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 89: 91. 1903. Type from Oaxaca. JACOBINIA virGATA (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882. Sericographis virgata Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 154. 1855. Type from Acatlin and Ejutla. Oaxaca. 15. JUSTICIA L. Sp. Pl. 15. 1753. Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire; flowers small or large, white, purplish, or red, variously arranged; calyx 4 or 5-parted, the segments narrow, corolla tube usually shorter than the limb, ampliate above, the limb bilabiate; stamens 2, the anther cells unequal, the lower one appendaged at base; ovules 2 in each cell. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Leaves INGA? oon eee eee ee seen eet sesees 1. J. linearis. Leaves much broader than linear. Calyx glandular-pubescent. Calyx covered with sessile glands__----------------------- 2. J. hians. Calyx glandular-pilose__-_---------------------------- 3. J. salviaeflora. Calyx without glandular pubescence. Bractlets spatulate, obtuse___-.------------------------- 4. J. palmeri. Bractlets linear-subulate___....-.---------------------- 5. J. mexicana. 1. Justicia linearis Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 161. 1895. Type from Las Tablas, San Luis Potosf. Plants tomentulose, fruticose; leaves 1-nerved, sessile, 2.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide; flowers axillary, sessile; calyx 8 mm. long; corolla 18 mm. long, pubescent. 2. Justicia hians T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 194. 1915. Beloperone hians T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 194. 1889. Justicia insolita T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 195. 1889. Baja California; type from Comondi. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely whitish-puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to oval or lance-oblong, 1 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse or acute, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; flowers in few-flowered interrupted spikes; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long. Brandegee has referred J. palmeri Rose to synonymy under J. hians. A specimen of the latter species, presumably of the type collection, seen by the writer is identical with J. insolita. 3. Justicia salviaeflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 233. 1817. Justicia paniculata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 348. 1895. Jalisco to Oaxaca and Morelos; described from cultivated plants. Plants suffrutescent, the branches glandular-pilose; leaves petiolate, lance- oblong or oblong-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, pubescent; flowers mostly in few-flowered secund spikes, sometimes cymose; corolla 1.5 to 2 em. long, red. 4. Justicia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890. Baja California; type from La Paz. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely cinereous-tomentulose; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 4 to 7 em. long, obtusely acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers fasciculate in the axils or in short leafy-bracted spikes; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. 1348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 5. Justicia mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 348. 1895. Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo, Sonora. Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches pubescent or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; flowers in terminal and axillary clusters; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘“ Mitle cimarrén” (Sinaloa). This species and J. palmeri should probably be referred to the genus Beloperone. 16. SIPHONOGLOSSA Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 159. 1855. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. 1. Siphonoglossa pringlei (Robins. & Greenm.) Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 662. 1897. Carlowrightia pringlei Robns. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 50. 1896. Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, altitude 1,050 meters. Slender shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, petiolate, entire, glabrous or nearly so; flowers in slender interrupted spikes, the bracts small, subulate; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes linear-subulate, glandular-pubescent; corolla purplish, about 2 cm. long, the tube slender, equaling the 4 subequal lobes; stamens 2, the anther cells slightly unequal. 17. BELOPERONE Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 76. 1832. Shrubs or herbs; leaves usually entire; flowers usually red, fasciculate in the axils of bracts or cymose, sometimes in terminal thyrses, the bracts small or large; calyx 5-parted, the segments narrow; corolla tube slender, elongate, scarcely ampliate above, the limb deeply bilabiate, the posterior lobes narrow, erect, entire or shallowly bilobate, the anterior one 3-lobate ; stamens 2, the anther cells unequal, the lower one mucronate at base; ovules 2 in each cell. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Branches glabrous or obscurely and sparsely puberulent. Bracts much shorter than the calyx; leaves acute or acuminate_1. B. fragilis. Bracts longer than the calyx; leaves obtuse__.___..______ 2. B. macrantha. Branches densely pilose or whitish-tomentulose. Flowers borne in the axils of reduced leaves; seeds rugose.___3. B. purpusii. Flowers in naked racemes; seeds smooth._______.________ 4. B. californica. 1. Beloperone fragilis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 183. 1892. Type from Las Canoas, San Luis Potosf. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at base, barbate beneath along the costa, elsewhere glabrate; flowers in axillary or terminal, naked, secund spikes; calyx 4 mm. long; corolla reddish, 2.5 em. long, pubescent. "2. Beloperone macrantha (Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 516. 1882. Beloperonoides macrantha Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 162. pl. 4, f. 86. 1855. Type from Trapiche de la Concepcién, Oaxaca. Shrub, the branches puberulent in lines; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic, about 7 cm. long, attenuate at base, crenulate toward the apex, glabrous; flowers termi- nal, fasciculate, sessile; calyx 8 mm. long; bracts spatulate ; corolla puberulent, 5.5 cm. long. Known to the writer only from description. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1349 3. Beloperone purpusii T. 5. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 172. 1903. Southern Baja California; type from San Felipe. Plants suffrutescent, the branches densely velutinous-pubescent; leaves short- petiolate or the upper sessile, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, truncate or cordate at base, densely pubescent; inflorescence viscid- villous; corolla about 3 cm. long. 4. Beloperone californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 38. 1844. ?Beloperone californica conferta T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 194- 1889. Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Southern California. Shrub, 2 meters high or less, often leafless, the branches whitish-tomentulose; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, rounded to cordate at base, pubescent, sometimes dentate; inflorescence viscid-puberulent or villous; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘‘Chuparosa” (Sonora). The flowers are said to be eaten by the Papago Indians. 153. RUBIACEAE. Madder Family. Shrubs or trees, or often herbs, sometimes armed with spines; leaves opposite or verticillate, entire, stipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, large or small, usually regular; calyx inferior, the limb entire or lobate, rarely obsolete; corolla gamopetalous, the lobes valvate, imbricate, or contorted; stamens usually as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla; style simple or 2 to 10-cleft; fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous, or of dehiscent or indehiscent cocci. Numerous genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species. Among the most important members of the family are the species of Cinchona, a South American genus, which yield the Cinchona bark of commerce, from which quinine is extracted. Two or more species of Cinchona are cultivated in Veracruz, and perhaps elsewhere, having been introduced first at Cérdoba. A. Ovules more than one in each cell. Fruit dry. Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal. Corolla lobes valvate. Seeds horizontal, usually very numerous; large shrubs with large flowers. 1. PORTLANDIA. Seeds vertical, few; small shrubs with small flowers..2. HOUSTONIA. Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted. Corolla lobes imbricate. Capsule half superior ------------------------- 3. RACHICALLIS. Capsule wholly inferior----------------------- 4. RONDELETIA. Corolla lobes contorted. Corolla tube short, shorter than the lobes------------- 5. DEPPEA. Corolla tube elongate, usually much exceeding the lobes. Corolla tubular; filaments elongate-_- ---------- 6. OMILTEMIA. Corolla salverform or funnelform; filaments short. Anthers exserted; corolla tube several times as long as the lobes. 7. LINDENIA. Anthers included; corolla tube less than twice as long as the lobes___..----------------------- 8. STYLOSIPHONIA. Seeds winged or appendaged, vertically imbricate. Corolla open in bud, the lobes not touching-_.----------- 9. EXANDRA. 1350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Corolla closed in bud, the lobes valvate, imbricate, or contorted. Corolla lobes valvate. Flowers spicate_.--...-_-- 2222-8 10. ALSEIS. Flowers not spicate-.-.-......______.._-__.____. 11. BOUVARDIA. Calyx lobes dissimilar, one of them often expanded into a large white petiolate blade__---.-222- 88 12. CALYCOPHYLLUM. Calyx lobes all alike or nearly so, never expanded into a petiolate blade. Corolla symmetric, the tube slender, the limb 4 or 5-lobate. 13. EXOSTEMA. Corolla often asymmetric, the tube broad, often gibbous, the limb 6 to 8-lobate_....--- 2 14. COUTAREA. Fruit fleshy. Corolla lobes valvate. Inflorescence terminal. Inflorescence spikelike; leaves thin-_........_______. 16. DUGGENA. Inflorescence not spikelike; leaves coriaceous__...._____ 17. ISERTIA. Leaves finely lineolate between the nerves. Flowers in secund racemes___________ 18. PLOCANIOPHYLLUM. Flowers not in secund racemes____.___.._________ 19. SOMMERA. Leaves not lineolate_..........-.-___..8-- 20. SABICEA. Corolla lobes contorted. Flowers perfect. Corolla somewhat irregular, curved in bud____- 21. POSOQUERIA. Corolla regular, not curved in bud. Corolla tube villous within in both throat and base._22. GENIPA. Corolla tube villous in either the throat or base but not in both. 24. RANDIA. Flowers dioecious. Staminate flowers terminal.....___.______.____. 23. ALIBERTIA. Staminate flowers lateral.......--...__......_____. 24. RANDIA. Corolla lobes imbricate. Calyx lobes unequal, one of them foliaceous___.____ 25. OTOCALYX. Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them foliaceous. Ovary 4 or 5-celled__.--..-..-------e 26. HAMELIA. Ovary 2-celled___..._.-------8 27. HOFFMANNIA. Flowers in spherical compact heads; fruit dry_____ 15. CEPHALANTHUS. Fruit separating into 2 cocci at maturity___._____ 28. MACHAONIA. Fruit not separating into cocci at maturity. Corolla lobes valvate_.....-.._______..__.___.. 29. CHOMELIA. Corolla lobes imbricate__..___...........____. 30. GUETTARDA. Inflorescence terminal___.._______ alee See ee 31. ERITHALIS. Inflorescence axillary. Flowers 5-parted; calyx lobes very short; flowers in racemes or panicles____---222 2 82. CHIOCOCCA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1351 Flowers 4-parted; calyx lobes elongate; flowers fasciculate in the 1 a noe or een eee eee mr 33. ASEMNANTHE. Corolla lobes imbricate____.-------------------- 34. PLACOCARPA. Seeds ascending, the radicle inferior. Corolla lobes contorted or imbricate. Corolla lobes contorted___._..._----------------------- 35. COFFEA, Corolla lobes imbricate_.......-------------------- 36. STRUMPFIA. Corolla lobes valvate. Ovary 1-telled 22222 csc Geese wectaecesseceees 42. FARAMEA. Ovary with 2 or more cells. Fruit a syncarp, the flowers borne in a dense head, the calyces confiuent. 43. MORINDA. Fruit not a syncarp, the flowers only rarely capitate. Plants scandent; fruit of 2 thin flat cocei__._-_-.-- 41. PAEDERIA. Plants not scandent; fruit never of 2 flat cocci. Stipules not setiferous, never leaflike. Stipules, at least the upper ones, pectinately lobed. 37. RUDGEA. Stipules entire. Flowers in loose or dense heads surrounded by large, usually colored, foliaceous bracts_..---------------- 39. EVEA. Flowers never in leafy-bracted heads. Corolla tube straight, not gibbous; branches of the inflor- escence not yellow or reddish-_--- 38. PSYCHOTRIA. Corolla tube usually somewhat curved or gibbous; branches of the inflorescence commonly yellowish or reddish. 40. PALICOUREA. Stipules setiferous, or sometimes leaflike. Stipules setiferous. Fruit of 2 united indehiscent cocci-_-_-_------- 44. ERNODEA. Fruit of 2 dehiscent cocci_______----------- 45. TRIODON. Stipules similar to the leaves, the leaves thus appearing verticil- late: 22-5 cheese eee eee eae ee eee 46. GALIUM. 1. PORTLANDIA P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 928. 1759. -Rererence: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32; 8-13. 1918. Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, persistent; flowers large, axillary or terminal, solitary or fasciculate; corolla funnelform, the lobes short, reduplicate- valvate; fruit capsular, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous, com- pressed, angulate. Corolla about 2.5 em. long, 4-lobate_--_-..----------- 1. P. ghiesbreghtiana. Corolla 6 to 8 em. long, 5-lobate___------------------------- 2. P. mexicana. 1. Portlandia ghiesbreghtiana Baill. Adansonia 12: 300. 1879. Courtaportla ghiesbreghtiana Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 147. 1923. Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de Huijastla. Glabrous shrub with resinous branches; leaves oblong-elliptic to oval-elliptic, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, acute at base; flowers numerous, short-pedi- cellate; corolla white; capsule 7 to 11 mm. long. 2. Portlandia mexicana (Zucc. & Mart.) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879. Coutarea mexicana Zuce. & Mart.; DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Nernstia mexicana Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 146. 1923. San Luis Potos{f, Querétaro, and Hidalgo. Glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 7.5 em. long, acute or obtuse, the margins revolute; capsule 1.3 to 2 cm. long. 1352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2. HOUSTONIA L. Sp. Pl. 101. 1753. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 832: 24-38. 1918. Small shrubs or usually herbs; leaves small; flowers small, axillary or in dichotomous cymes; calyx lobes 4; corolla funnelform or salverform, the limb 4-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit a small 2-celled capsule, loculicidally dehiscent; seeds not winged. Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Capsule less than half inferior......_-___________._________ 1. H. fasciculata. Capsule more than half inferior. Branches glabrous____..__._______.___________._ 8. 2. H. mucronata. Branches hirtellous or scabrous. Flowers in cymes; leaves not acerose; corolla tube minutely hirtellous out- | (0 ee ee 3. H. peninsularis. Flowers mostly solitary; leaves acerose; corolla tube glabrous. Leaves mostly verticillate; flowers sessile or nearly so_____ 4. H. acerosa. Leaves opposite; flowers mostly pedicellate.______ 5. H. polypremoides. 1. Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 203. 1882. Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from Presidio, Texas. Shrub, 40 cm. high or less, the branches seaberulous or hirtellous; leaves oppo- site or verticillate, linear, 3 to 10 mm. long, scaberulous or glabrate; flowers in small cymes; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long. 2. Houstonia mucronata (Benth.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 401. 1910. Hedyotis mucronata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 19, 1844. Houstonia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 132. 1892. Southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Glabrous shrub, 60 em. high or less; leaves linear, 3 to 18 mm. long; flowers in small terminal cymes; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, white. 3. Houstonia peninsularis T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 160. 1903. Baja California; type from Sierra de la Trinidad. Shrub, 30 cm. high or less; leaves linear, 1 to 4 cm. long, hirtellous; corolla purple, 15 mm. long. 4. Houstonia acerosa A Gray; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 60. 1873. Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 81. 1852. Mallostoma acerosum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 31. 1881. Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosf. Western Texas. Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or less; leaves 5 to 12 mm. long, rigid, scaberulous or hirtellous; corolla 12 to 16 mm. long. 5. Houstonia polypremoides A Gray, Proc. Acad. Amer. 21: 379. 1886. Chihuahua; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains. Western Texas and southern New Mexico. Shrub, 20 cm. high or less; leaves rigid, 5 to 12 mm. long, scaberulous or hirtel- lous; corolla white, 8 to 11 mm. long. 3. RACHICALLIS DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. A single species is known. 1. Rachicallis americana (Jacq.) Hitche. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 92. 1893. Hedyotis americana Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 12. 1760. Yucatan, on coastal rocks. West Indies; type from Cuba. Erect or procumbent shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves linear-oblong to obovate, 2 to 8 mm. long, obtuse or acute, coriaceous; flowers yellow, solitary, sessile in the leaf axils; corolla salverform, 8 to 10 mm. long, sericeous, the limb 4-lobate; capsule 3 mm. long, septicidally bivalvate, many-seeded. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1353 4. RONDELETIA L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 44-86. 1918. Shrubs or small trees; flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, corymbs, or pan- icles; calyx 4 or 5-lobate; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube slender, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes imbricate; fruit capsular, 2-celled, loculicidally or septicidally bivalvate, many-seeded; seeds often winged or appendaged. Inflorescence wholly axillary_.-------------------------------- 1. R. scabra. Inflorescence terminal, sometimes also axillary. Corolla densely yellow-barbate in the throat. Corolla glabrous outside. Calyx lobes foliaceous, several times as long as the tube; leaves setose- pilose beneath----------------------------- 2. R. suffrutescens. Calyx lobes minute, shorter than the tube; leaves glabrous beneath except for tufts of hairs in the axils of the nerves------ 3. R. ligustroides. Corolla pubescent outside. Branches acutely quadrangular; petioles 5 to 13 mm. long; leaves usually acute at base___----------------------------- 4. R. stenosiphon. Branches terete or subangulate; petioles very short; leaves obtuse to cordate at base. Stipules triangular-subulate, 4 to 6 mm. long-------- 5. R. gratissima. Stipules mostly oblong, foliaceous, 10 mm. long or longer, usually obtuse. Leaves sparsely strigose beneath_--------------- 6. R. intermedia. Leaves densely soft-pilose beneath. Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-oval, usually subcordate at base; corolla tube 12 mm. long or less_------------ 7. R. amoena. Leaves elliptic or lance-elliptic, obtuse at base; corolla tube 15 mm. long_....--------------------------- ____8. BR. langlassei. Corolla usually naked in the throat, never yellow-barbate. Inflorescence an elongate spikelike panicle. Corolla variously pubescent outside but never tomentose. Panicles shorter than the leaves, partly axillary; leaves glabrous. 9. R. heteranthera. Panicles longer than the leaves, all terminal; leaves pilose-strigose beneath___..------------------------------ 10. RB. capitellata. Corolla arachnoid-tomentose outside. Leaves somewhat tomentose beneath when young but soon glabrate. 11. R. septicidalis. Leaves densely tomentose beneath even in age. Corolla tube 12 to 15 mm. long. Secondary veins of the leaves obsolete; tomentum of the lower surface of the leaves white, very closely appressed. 12. BR. laniflora. Secondary veins prominent; tomentum loose, fulvous. 13. R. bourgaei. Corolla tube 4 to 10 mm. long. Leaves long-pilose beneath along the nerves; corolla tube 8 to 10 mm. long_.----------------------------- 14. R. villosa. Leaves not pilose beneath; corolla tube 4 to 8 mm. long. 15. R. buddleoides. Inflorescence various but never an elongate spikelike panicle. Corolla not arachnoid-tomentose outside. Corolla pubescent outside_---..--------------------- 16. R. deamii. 1354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Corolla glabrous. Stipules reniform, foliaceous, persistent; corolla tube 11 to 12 mm. VON esp pee ee ee ce 17. R. galeottii. Stipules small, not foliaceous, deciduous; corolla tube 12 to 16 mm. NON tect oe weil occu ce 18. R. jurgenseni. Corolla arachnoid-tomentose outside. Inflorescence of numerous once bifid cymes arranged in a raceme, the flowers sessile, secund; stipules bidentate at apex_._.19. R. rekoi. Inflorescence capitate or cymose-paniculate, the flowers often pedicel- late, not secund; stipules entire. Inflorescence capitate....__________.._______. 20. R. leptodictya. Inflorescence cymose-paniculate. Calyx lobes linear or oblanceolate, 3 to 6 mm. long. 21. R. leucophylla. Calyx lobes orbicular-oblong, 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long..22. R. nitida. 1. Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 29. 1879. Type from Sierra San Pedro N olasco, Oaxaca, Leaves ovate-oblong, 7.5 to 10 em. long, acute, attenuate at base, hispid- pilose beneath; cymes usually 3-flowered; corolla strigillose-pilose, the tube 12 mm. long. 2. Rondeletia suffrutescens T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10 em. long, long- acuminate or attenuate, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at base; cymes mostly 3-flowered; corolla tube 17 mm. long. 3. Rondeletia ligustroides Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879. Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, abruptly acuminate or at- tenuate, rounded to acute at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, few or many-flowered; corolla yellowish red, the tube 5 to 6 mm. long. 4. Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879. Type from Yucatén or Tabasco. Guatemala. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to oval-oblong or elliptic-oval, 7 to 14 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse to acuminate at base, glabrous above, strigillose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, many- flowered; corolla sericeous-strigillose, the tube 8 to 11 mm. long. 5. Rondeletia gratissima (Linden) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 25. 1879. Rogiera gratissima Linden; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 15: 133. 1864. Rogiera elegantissima Regel, Gartenflora pl. 490. 1865. Chiapas. Shrub; leaves oblong-elliptic, 5 to 6 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded at base, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, dense; corolla rosy white, sparsely puberulent, the tube 12 mm. long. 6. Rondeletia intermedia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Chiapas. Shrub; leaves ovate or ovate-oval, 6 to 12 cm. long, acutish or obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, the cymes few-flowered; corolla pinkish white, strigillose, the tube 8 to 10 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1355 7. Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879. Rogiera amoena Planch. FI. Serr. Jard. 5: 442. 1849. Chiapas. Guatemala to Panama. Shrub or small tree, the branchlets villous-pilose; leaves 6 to 15 cm. long, usually abruptly short-acuminate; inflorescence cymase-corymbose, 5 to 18 cm. broad; corolla pink or pinkish, densely appressed-pilose. 8. Rondeletia langlassei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918. Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacén or Guerrero, altitude 1,750 meters. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4 meters high, the branchlets appressed-pilose; leaves 9 to 12.5 cm. long, acute or attenuate; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, 10 cm. broad; corolla pink, strigillose. 9. Rondeletia heteranthera T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 387. 1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 6 to 10 em. long, acumi- nate; panicles 2 to 4 cm. long; corolla minutely strigillose, the tube 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 10. Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Shrub or tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to narrowly elliptic-oblong, 7.5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate; corolla red, strigillose, the tube 6 to 8 mm. long. 11. Rondeletia septicidalis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 403. 1910. Type from Chicharras, Chiapas. Shrub; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate to lanceolate, 5 to 16 cm. long, abruptly acuminate or attenuate, acute at base, glabrous above; panicles 6 to 10 cm. long; corolla red, the tube 6 to 8 mm. long. 12. Rondeletia lanifilora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 85. 1841. Mountains of Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Sierra de las Nubes. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, obovate to narrowly lance-e lliptic, 5.5 to 13 cm. long, attentuate or abruptly acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, glabrate above; panicles 4 to 7 cm. long; corolla white-tomentose, the tube 12 to 15 mm. long. 13. Rondeletia bourgaei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 56. 1918. Type from San Crist6bal, region of Orizaba, Veracruz. Shrub; leaves petiolate, obovate to oblong-elliptic, 6.5 to 11.5 em. long, acute or acuminate at base and apex; panicles 6 to 10 cm. long. 14. Rondeletia villosa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 27. 1879. Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco; type from San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Shrub; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic or ovate, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, sparsely pilose above; panicles 15 to 24 em. long; corolla white, lanate. 15. Rondeletia buddleoides Benth. Pl. Hartw. 69. 1840. Rondeletia affinis Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Llano Verde, Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval-elliptic to lanceolate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or long-acuminate, obtuse to long-acuminate at base, glabrate above; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long; corolla white-tomentose. 1356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 16. Rondeletia deamii (Donn. Smith) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 60. 1918. Bouvardia deamti Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 49: 455. 1910. Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from Fiscal. Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-orbicular to ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded to acute at base, minutely pilose beneath; flowers mostly in 3-flowered cymes; corolla tube 7 to 12 mm. long. 17. Rondeletia galeottii Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 59. 1918. Type from somewhere in southern Mexico. Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval-obovate or oblong-obovate, 8 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, 4 to 8 em. broad. 18. Rondeletia jurgenseni Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 29. 1879. Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate, cuneate at base; inflorescence cymose, 3.5 to 5 cm. broad. 19. Rondeletia rekoi Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 8: 126. 1918. Type from Hacienda Las Pilas, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters. Leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 8.5 to 19 em. long, acute, rounded and short-decurrent at base, green above and scabrous, white-tomentose beneath; corolla tube 5.5 to 7 mm. long. 20. Rondeletia leptodictya Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 402. 1910. Type from banks of the Rfo Petatlén, near the boundary between Michoacdn and Guerrero, altitude 500 meters. Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves petiolate, broadly obovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, abruptly acute or attenuate, acute or obtuse at base, white-tomentose beneath when young but glabrate in age; corolla red, the tube 12 to 14 mm. long. 21. Rondeletia leucophylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 395. 1819. Rondeletia elongata Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 409. 1830. Bouvardia discolor Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1840. Rondeletia dubia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879. Rondeletia leucophylla calycosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 39: 92. 1903. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type collected between Alto del Peregrino and Rfo Papa- gallo, Guerrero. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 14 cm. long, acute, acute to rounded at base, white-tomentose beneath; flowers fragrant; corolla red. ‘‘Hierba de la muchachita”’ (Oaxaca); ‘“‘huele de noche” (Sinaloa). 22. Rondeletia nitida Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 39. 1879, Chiapas. Leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate at each end, white-tomentose beneath; panicles few-flowered; corolla pink. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. RoONDELETIA SPINOSA Schum. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 620. 1895. Type from Hidalgo. Probably not of this genus. 5. DEPPEA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 167. 1830. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 88-90. 1921. Slender shrubs; leaves thin, petiolate; flowers small, yellow, in terminal or axillary cymes or umbels, sometimes solitary, pedicellate; calyx 4-lobate; corolla rotate or short-funnelform, the lobes contorted; fruit a small capsule, turbinate or obovoid, costate, 2-celled, loculicidal; seeds numerous, not winged. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1357 Inflorescences 1 or 2-flowered. Leaves 1 cm. long or less; calyx lobes obtuse.----------- 1. D. microphylla. Leaves 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long; calyx lobes acute_.------------- 2. D. purpusii. Inflorescences few or many-flowered. Inflorescence umbellate or subumbellate. Capsule 2 mm. long, about as broad as long._---------- 3. D. umbellata. Capsule 3 to 4 mm. long, much longer than broad_-_-------- 4. D. excelsa. Inflorescence cymose-corymbose. Corolla 2.5 mm. long__-----.---------------------- 5. D. erythrorhiza. Corolla 4 to 10 mm. long. Capsule oval, obscurely costate, puberulent; corolla 5 mm. long or less. 6. D. pubescens. Capsule turbinate, conspicuously costa te, glabrous; corolla 6 to 10 mm. long. Buds and corolla lobes very acute or acuminate-_----- 7. D. cornifolia. Buds and corolla lobes obtuse or rounded. Leaves 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; lobes of the calyx about equaling the Ao: eer ee er 8. D. obtusiflora. Leaves 5 to 15 cm. long; lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube. 9. D. grandiflora. 1. Deppea microphylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 41: 249. 1905. Type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,710 meters. Shrub; leaves petiolate, rhombic-ovate or oval-elliptic, 4 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; corolla 5 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; capsule 3 mm. long. 2. Deppea purpusii Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 88. 1921. Type collected in the Sierra Madre between Misantla and Naolinco, Veracruz. Shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, puberulent or villosulous beneath; capsule 3 to 4 mm. long, villosulous at first. 3. Deppea umbellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879. Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Shrub; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 11.5 em. long, acumi- nate, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; corolla 2 to 3 mm. long. 4. Deppea excelsa (H. B. K.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 89. 1921. Psychotria excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 355, 1819. Deppea tenuiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857. Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, acuminate, puberulent or sparsely pilose beneath, finally glabrate; corolla lobes obtuse. 5. Deppea erythrorhiza Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 168. 1830. Deppea hedyotidea DC. Prodr. 4: 618. 1830. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Slender shrub with pink wood; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or ovate, 4to7 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, glabrous or puberulent; capsule 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 6. Deppea pubescens Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879. Type from Santa Gertrudis. Leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-oblong, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, villosulous or tomentose beneath; capsule 3 mm. long. 7%. Deppea cornifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857. Rondeletia cornifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 39. 1840. Michoacan and Mexico to Oaxaca; type from Morelia, Michoacan. 1358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; corolla 8 to 11 mm. long; capsule 3.5 mm. long. 8. Deppea obtusifiora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857. Choristes obtusiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 63. 1840. Oaxaca; type from Llano Verde. Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, acute at base, villo- sulous beneath along the nerves; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long. 9. Deppea grandiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 748, 1847. Deppea floribunda Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Costa Rica and Panama. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, oblanceolate to obovate or obovate-ovate, acuminate, puberulent or villosulous beneath; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long; capsule 3 to 5 mm. long. 6. OMILTEMIA Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918. A single species is known. 1. Omiltemia longipes Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918. Type from Omilteme, Guerrero. Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, short-petiolate, oblanceo- late or oblanceolate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute to long-attenuate, villosulous beneath along the nerves or glabrate; flowers red, axillary, solitary, long-pedi- cellate; calyx 4-lobate; corolla tubular, 4 cm. long, glabrous, the 4 lobes short, acuminate, contorted; capsule 2-celled, 14 mm. long, cylindric, the seeds numer- ous, angulate. 7. LINDENIA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841. A single species is known. 1. Lindenia rivalis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841. Lindenia acutiflora Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 475. 1842. Along streams, Michoacan to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama; type from Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, short- petiolate, oblanceolate to linear-oblong, 3.5 to 16.5 cm. long, acute or attenuate, puberulent or pilosulous beneath, rarely glabrous ; flowers short-pedicellate, in few- flowered terminal cymes; calyx tube elongate, 5-angulate, the limb 4-lobate; corolla white, salverform, the tube 10 to 16 cm. long, pilosulous, the lobes elliptic or oblong-oval, 2.5 to 3 em. long, acute or obtuse; capsule 2-celled, pyriform, 1.2 to2cem.long; seeds numerous, small, angulate. ‘‘Pimienta de agua”’ (Oaxaca, Reko); ‘‘flor de Maria” (Guatemala); “lirio” (Costa Rica). 8. STYLOSIPHONIA T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. A single species is known. 1. Stylosiphonia glabra T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type from Chiapas. Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblanceolate, 6.5 to 14 cm. long, abruptly long-acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, sparsely short-pilose beneath along the nerves or glabrate; inflorescences axillary and ter- minal, cymose, few-flowered, pedunculate; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes narrow, glabrous; corolla salverform, glabrous, the tube slender, 18 mm. long, the 5 lobes lance-linear, contorted, more than half as long as the tube; capsule ovoid, 2-celled, 9 mm. long, the seeds numerous, angulate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1359 9. EXANDRA Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923. The genus consists of a single species. 1. Exandra rhodoclada Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 292. 1923. Type collected between La Venta and Niltepec, Oaxaca. Also in El Salvador. Large shrub or tree; leaves slender-petiolate, rounded-ovate or rounded-oval, 20 to 30 cm. long, 16 to 25 cm. wide, short-acute or acuminate, cordate at base, minutely puberulent beneath upon the nerves; flowers in terminal panicled cymes, mostly sessile; corolla broadly funnelform, 4 to 5 mm. long; filaments long- exserted. ‘Brasil,’ ‘‘limpia-dientes’”’ (El Salvador). The exact position of the genus within the family is somewhat doubtful because of the lack of mature fruit. The wood turns red upon exposure to the air. 10. ALSEIS Schott; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. Post. 404. 1827. Trees or shrubs; leaves petiolate; flowers small, white or yellow, spicate, the spikes simple or branched, axillary and terminal; calyx tube obconic, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes deciduous; corolla cylindric, short, pilose within, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; capsule oblong-turbinate, 2-celled, septicidally bivalvate; seeds linear-fusiform, appendaged at each end. The writer has seen a single specimen of this genus, collected at Buena Vista Xbac, Yucatdin, where the plant is said to be known as “‘cacaoché.”’ The material consists only of leafless fruiting branches and consequently can not be determined specifically. It may represent an undescribed species or it may be Alseis blackiana Hemsl.', which occurs in Panama and Colombia. 11. BOUVARDIA Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 88. 1808. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 100-111. 1921. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or verticillate, usually short-petiolate; flowers commonly large, white, red, or yellow, cymose or cymose-corymbose, rarely soli- tary; calyx limb 4-lobate; corolla tubular or salverform, the limb 4-lobate; capsule didymous-globose, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous, compressed, winged. Nearly all the species are shrubby or suffrutescent, and for convenience there are included the few Mexican species which are, so far as known, always herbaceous. Leaves all or mostly in verticels of 3 to 5. Corolla red. Corolla glabrous outside. Corolla lobes erect or ascending, 2 to 5 mm. long. Upper leaves sessile or nearly so, short-villous or tomentulose beneath; corolla lobes 2 to 3 mm. long_____----------------- 1. B. leiantha. Upper leaves petiolate, puberulent, scaberulous, or glabrate beneath; corolla lobes 3 to 5 mm. Jong__--------------- 2. B. bouvardioides. Corolla lobes widely spreading, 5 to 8 mm. long. Stems and leaves villosulous or tomentulose with slender whitish hairs; calyx lobes 2.5 to 4.5 mm. long_-__.__._-_--------- 3. B. viminalis. Stems and lower surface of the leaves villous with very coarse yellowish hairs; calyx lobes 8 to 12 mm. long____-_--_---------- 4. B. scabra. Corolla pubescent outside. Leaves obovate, often 5-verticillate._......--.------------ 5. B. obovata. Leaves not obovate, 3 or 4-verticillate. Corolla tube glabrous within or sparsely villous, the hairs not collected in a dense ring______.-__------------------------ 6. B. glaberrima. Corolla tube with a densely villous ring within near the base. Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath__._..___--.7. B. scabrida. 1 Diag. Pl. Mex. 30. 1879. 57020—26——_4 1360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves not tomentose beneath. Leaves elongate-linear, 3 to 9 cm. long and 0.6 to 3.5 mm. wide, often glabrous___.....-_____-_-__-_-__-__-____- 8. B. tenuifolia. Leaves not elongate-linear, if very narrow the blades usually less than 3 cm. long, usually lanceolate to ovate__9. B. ternifolia. Leaves opposite. Corolla lobes usually 3 to 5 mm. long, of an ovate or triangular-oblong type, mostly erect or ascending; corolla yellow, red, white, or greenish white, the tube 1 to 3.3 cm. long. Inflorescences usually 3 or 5-flowered, simply cymose, sometimes 1-flowered; leaves pinnately nerved. Corolla red or yellow. Corolla lobes villous outside with coarse hairs; leaves mostly rounded- ovate and cordate or subcordate at base______ 10. B. subcordata. Corolla lobes glabrous outside; leaves not cordate at base. Corolla tube glabrous within; leaves 2 to 3.5 mm. wide. 11. B. macilenta. Corolla tube more or less villous within; leaves 5 mm. wide or wider. Calyx tube densely puberulent or short-hirtellous, the lobes 2 to 4.5 mm, long; inflorescences mostly 3-flowered__12. B. versicolor. Calyx tube glabrous or very sparsely villous or puberulent, the lobes 4 to 11 mm. long; inflorescences mostly with 5 or more flowers. Corolla 1.3 to 1.5 em. long......-.---- 2. 13. B. conzattii. Corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long. Pedicels 3 mm. long or shorter; leaves pale beneath, the lateral nerves mostly obsolete.._.___.____- 14. B. chrysantha. Pedicels 6 to 28 mm. long; leaves subconcolorous, the lateral nerves evident___.___________---_-_-___- 15. B. laevis. Corolla white or greenish white. Corolla densely villous outside______________._____- _.16. B. villosa. Corolla glabrous outside. Corolla tube 2.4 to 3.3 em. long____-_____--__- 17. B. macrantha. Corolla tube 1 to 2 em. long. Leaves, at least part of them, suborbicular, abruptly long or short- acuminate; pedicels 2 to 8 mm. long; corolla tube 1.8 to 2 cm. 10ND 2 eee eo ee eee ee eoe 18. B. heterophylla. Leaves mostly ovate or lanceolate, not abruptly acuminate; pedicels 3 mm. long or shorter; corolla tube 1 to 1.5 em. long__-_-_- Beeeeemee eo see eee eee ee eee 19. B. multiflora. Inflorescences many-flowered, compound; corolla tube usually 6 to 11 mm. long; leaves sometimes palmately nerved. Leaves 3 or 5-nerved from the base. Corolla hirtellous___...._...-..---------___- 20. B. quinquenervata. Corolla glabrous. Calyx hirtellous...._....-2-22 22 21. B. oaxacana. Calyx glabrous__._______-__--.-- eee 22. B. rekoi. Leaves pinnately nerved; corolla (so far as known) glabrous. Leaves puberulent beneath along the veins; calyx lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. MOD ge eee eeeeet cele ee 23. B. gracilipes. Leaves glabrous; calyx lobes 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long__24. B. dictyoneura. Corolla lobes mostly 7 to 25 mm. long, of an oblong or elliptic type, spreading, narrowed at base; corolla white, the tube often 4 cm. long or longer. Leaves sessile, broadly ovate; calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary. 25. B. rosei. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1361 Leaves petiolate; calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary. Corolla more or less villous outside. Corolla densely villous outside_-..-..---------------- 26. B. induta. Corolla villous only on the upper part of the tube___.27. B. langlassei. Corolla glabrous outside or pruinose-puberulent. Leaves linear or lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide; corolla pruinose-puberu- lent 2c: oe ee eee ee ee ee 28. B. erecta. Leaves mostly ovate or broadly ovate, more than 5 mm. wide; corolla glabrous. Corolla tube 3 to 3.5 em, long_.-..---------------- 29. B. latifolia. Corolla tube 4 to 8.5 em. long._-----------+---- 30. B. longiflora. 1. Bouvardia leiantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 85. 1841. Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type collected near Tejar and Chimal- tenango, Guatemala. Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, short-villous or whitish-tomentose beneath; corolla deep red, the tube 12 to 16 mm. long. 2. Bouvardia bouvardioides (Seem.) Standl. N. Amer. FI. 32: 102. 1921. Hedyotis bouvardioides Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 296. pl. 64, 1856. Houstonia bouvardioides Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 60. 1878. Mountains of Sinaloa, Durango, and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre. Slender shrub, clambering to a height of 3 to 4.5 meters; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 6 to 10 em. long, long-acuminate; inflorescence many-flowered, 6 to 10 em. broad; corolla red, the tube 10 to 15 mm. long. ‘‘Siguapatl”’ (Sinaloa). 8. Bouvardia viminalis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 120. 1853. Puebla and Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate to lance-oblong, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, acuminate; inflorescence dense, many-flowered; corolla red, the tube 15 to 17 mm. long. 4. Bouvardia scabra Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1841. Tepic and Jalisco; type from Tepic. Plants chiefly or wholly herbaceous, 60 cm. high or less; leaves short-petiolate or sessile, elliptic-oval to ovate, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex; inflorescence dense, 5 to 14 cm. broad; corolla red, the tube 17 to 21 mm. long. “Doncellita’’ (Loesener). 5. Bouvardia obovata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 385. 1818. Morelos and Mexico; type collected between Chapultepec and Texcoco, Mexico. Plants herbaceous, 1 meter high or less, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short- petiolate, 5.5 to 12.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute; inflorescence many-flowered, dense; corolla red, the tube 25 to 33 mm. long. 6. Bouvardia glaberrima Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 106. 1849. Bouvardia ovata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 67. 1853. Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango; type from Cosihuiriachic, Chihuahua, Southern Arizona and New Mexico. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or often chiefly herbaceous; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, scaberulous or glabrous; cymes usually few-flowered; corolla red, the tube 20 to 32 mm. long. 7. Bouvardia scabrida Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 237. 1844. Bouvardia hypoleuca Benth. Pl. Hartw. 288. 1848. Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from ravine of Yavezia, Oaxaca. 1362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub, 60 em. high or less, or sometimes herbaceous; leaves nearly sessile, danceolate to linear, 1.5 to 6.5 em. long, scabrous above; cymes usually few- flowered; corolla red, the tube 14 to 20 mm. long. 8. Bouvardia tenuifolia Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 104. 1921. Bouvardia endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 357. 1922. Sinaloa to Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Stems usually simple and herbaceous, glabrous or rarely hirtellous; leaves subsessile, usually glabrous; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla red, the tube 20 to 25 mm. long. ‘‘Trompetilla’’ (Durango). 9. Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 98. 1853. Txora ternifolia Cav. Icon Pl. 4: 3. pl. 305. 1797. Ixora americana Jacq. Pl. Hort. Sehénbr. 3: 4. pl. 257. 1798. Houstonia coccinea Andr. Bot. Repos. pl. 106. 1800. Bowvardia triphylla Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 88. 1808. Bouvardia linearis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 383. 1818. Bouwvardia angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 384. 1818. Bouvardia hirtella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 384. 1818. Bouvardia jacquini H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 385, 1818. Bouvardia quaternifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 365. 1830: Bouvardia splendens Graham in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 3781. 1840. Bouvardia tolucana Hook. & Arn, Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1841. Bouvardia tenuiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 97. 1853. Bouvardia microphylla Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 112. 1853. Bouvardia viperalis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 114. 1853. Bouvardia houtteana Schlecht.; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 10: 149, 1855. Hedyotis mexicana Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 15. 1887. Hedyotis fruticosa Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893. Sonora to Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Western Texas. Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or sometimes herbaceous; leaves sessile or short- petiolate, acute to long-attenuate, hirtellous, scabrous, or glabrate; cymes usually few-flowered; corolla red, the tube 15 to 32 mm. long. “Trompetilla”’ (Hidalgo, Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca); ‘‘tlacoxochitl,’”’ “tlacosuchil”’ (Nahuatl; “‘trumpet-flower’’); ‘‘mirto’’ (Coahuila, Durango); “mirto del campo” (Du- rango); ‘‘hierba del pasmo’’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘contrayerba’”’ (Mexico); “doncellita” (Oaxaca, Reko); “hierba del indio” (Sinaloa). A handsome plant and, like some of the other species, often cultivated. It is employed locally as a remedy for dysentery and hydrophobia and other affections. Dr. Reko states that the ancient Mexicans were accustomed to begin the treatment of a disease by bleeding, which was induced by provoking hemorrhage from the nose with powder of ‘“‘cebadilla’”’ (Stenanthium frigidum); and to restrain excessive hemorrhage they used the powdered roots of the tlacoxochitl. The plant is described and figured by Herndndez.' It is probably also the one mentioned by Sahagtin under the name tlacoxochitl. The latter author says: ‘‘The flavor of the roots is both bitter and sweetish. They are good for heat and exhaustion of the heart. Ground with about 15 grains of maize and as much cacao, and mixed with water, they should be taken several times on an empty stomach or after meals.’’ 10. Bouvardia subcordata Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 105. 1921. Type collected between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa. Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, acute or obtuse, villous beneath; corolla red (?), sparsely villous, the tube 3 em. long. 1Thesaurus 231. 1651. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1363 11. Bouvardia macilenta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 65, 1918. Type from Cerro El Zopilote, Miahuatlén, Oaxaca, altitude 2,100 meters. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 11 mm. long, glabrous beneath except at base of costa; corolla red, 2 cm. long, glabrous throughout. 12. Bouvardia versicolor Ker in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 245. 1817. Bouvardia bicolor Kunze, Linnaea 20: 24. 1847. - Guanajuato and Michoacdn to Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, mostly ovate, 2 to 8 cm long, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, scaberulous or hirsutulous ; corolla red or yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 22 to 34 mm. long. 13. Bouvardia conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903. Michoacan to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Shrub; leaves subsessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, acute or attenuate, puberulent beneath along the nerves; corolla red or yellowish red, glabrous outside. 14. Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Del. Sem. Hort. Monae. 4. 1848. ?Bouvardia quinqueflora Dehnh.; Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 92. 1853. Bouvardia myrtifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 121. 1853. Jalisco and Colima to Morelos; type from Santiaguillo, Mexico. Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves sessile or subsessile, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 1 to 4 em. long, acute or obtuse, glabrous or sparsely villosulous beneath; corolla yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 2.5 cm. long. 15. Bouvardia laevis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 236. 1844. Bouvardia flava Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 1: 215. 1845. Bouvardia mollis Linden; Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 55. 1853. Mountains of Hidalgo and Veracruz; type collected near Zacuapan, Veracruz, altitude 900 meters. Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-peticiate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 10.5 em. long, acute or long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; corolla red or yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 25 to 32 mm. long. 16. Bouvardia villosa Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921. Type from Alturas de Matatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 meters. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval to elliptic-oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, whitish-villous beneath; corolla tube 17 to 20 mm. long. 17. Bouvardia macrantha Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921. Jalisco to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tlacuilotepec, Puebla, altitude 2,100 meters. Erect shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, rounded to acutish at base, sparsely scaberulous or villo- sulous beneath. 18. Bouvardia heterophylla Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921. Jalisco. Guatemala; type from Santa Rosa. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse to truncate at base, glabrous above, glabrous beneath, or sparsely puberulent along the nerves. 19. Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: 118. 1818. Aeginetia multiflora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 3: 130. 1801. Bouvardia triflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 386. 1818. Bouvardia cavanillesii DC. Prodr. 4: 366. 1830. Anotis longiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839. ?Bouvardia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 123. 1853. 1364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Houstonia triflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 314, 1860. Bouvardia gracilis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 306. 1887. Bouvardia versicolor graciliflora A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 416. 1887. Chihuahua to Jalisco, Guerrero, and Puebla. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute at base, finely puberulent or scaberulous; capsule 4 to 6 mm. broad. 20. Bouvardia quinquenervata Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921. Chiapas; type from San Bartolomé. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, rounded-deltoid to ovate or lanceolate, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obscurely puberulent along the nerves; corolla tube 6 to 8 mm. long. 21. Bouvardia oaxacana Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 18: 7. 1923. Type collected between Santa Cruz and El Aguacate, Distrito de Juquilla, Oaxaca. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, broadly rounded at base, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, conspicuously 5-nerved; corolla red, the tube about 17 mm. long, the oblong lobes 5 mm. long. 22. Bouvardia rekoi Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921. Type from Cafetal Montecristo, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 1,000 meters. Slender shrub; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, acumi- nate, glabrous; corolla tube 14 mm. long. 23. Bouvardia gracilipes Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 404. 1910. Type from Tepic. Slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-oblong, 3.5 to 6.5 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base; capsule 4 to 6 mm. broad. 24. Bouvardia dictyoneura Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Chiapas; type from Chicharras. Slender shrub; leaves sessile or subsessile, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3 to 9 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base; corolla tube 11 mm. long. 25. Bouvardia rosei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Type from the Sierra Madre of Durango. Shrub; leaves 2 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, glabrous beneath; cymes mostly 3 or 5-flowered; corolla white, glabrous, the tube 4.5 to 6 em. long. 26. Bouvardia induta (Robinson) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Bouvardia longiflora induta Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 404. 1910. Chiapas. Shrub, about 40 em. high; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 2 to 3 em. long, acute or acuminate, villous-tomentose beneath; cymes mostly 3-flowered; corolla tube 4 to 5 cm. long. 27. Bouvardia langlassei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921. Guerrero and Puebla; type from Testla (Guerrero ?), altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 4 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, hirtellous or villosulous beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary; corolla white, the tube 4.5 to 5.5 em. long. 28. Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921. Catesbaea erecta DC. Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Hedyotis spinescens Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893. Bouvardia flos-johannis Schum. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 621. 1895. Bouvardia flos-johannis latifolia Loesener, Repert, Sp. Nov. Fedde. 18: 358. 1922, Puebla; type from Tehuacan. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1365 Low shrub with stout spreading branches; leaves 5 to 16 mm. long, acute, scaberulous or glabrate; cymes mostly 3-flowered; corolla white, the tube 2 to 5.5 cm. long. ‘Hierba de San Juan.” 29. Bouvardia latifolia Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 111. 1921. Type from Monte de la Piedra, near Aguila, Guerrero, altitude 450 meters. Shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, acute or acutish, finely puberulent beneath along the nerves or glabrous; corolla white. 30. Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 386. 1820. Aeginetia longiflora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 3: 130. 1801. Houstonia longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 314. 1860. Bouvardia purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 415. 1924. San Luis Potos{ to Michoacan and Oaxaca; type material from Querétaro and Guanajuato. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; flowers solitary, terminal and axillary; corolla white; capsule 8 mm. in diameter. “Plor de San Juan” (Querétaro, Hidalgo, Oaxaca); ‘‘rosa de San Juan”? (Mexico). The flowers are very fragrant. They are used for scenting ointments and similar preparations. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Bouvarpia corpirotia DC. Prodr. 4: 366. 1830. Type from somewhere in Mexico. BovvaRpDIA ROSEA Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 116. 1853. Type from San José de Oro. BovuvARDIA XYLOSTEOIDES Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 428, 1841. Type from Oaxaca. Probably not of this genus. 12. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830. 1. Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC. Prodr- 4: 367. 1830. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791. Guerrero to Chiapas and Campeche. Guatemala to Colombia; Cuba; type from Santa Marta, Colombia. Tree, 5 to 20 meters high, the trunk sometimes 60 cm. in diameter; bark reddish gray, scaly or furrowed; leaves petiolate, rounded-oval to ovate, 4 to 13 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers in terminal corymbs; calyx cylindric, the limb truncate, or often expanded into a large white slender-petiolate blade 1 to 3.5 cm. wide; corolla white, short- funnelform, the tube 3 mm. long, the 6 to 8 lobes slightly longer; capsule oblong- cylindric, 6 to 10 mm. long; seeds numerous, winged at each end; wood hard, heavy, very strong, fine-grained, durable, taking a good polish. “Camaroén,” “palo camarén” (Oaxaca) ; ‘“dagame” (Cuba); “salamo’’ (Costa Rica, Guate- mala, El Salvador); “slazano,” ‘‘guayabo alazano,” ‘‘harino” (Panama) ; ‘‘madrofio”’ (Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica); “‘solano”’ (Honduras). The wood is useful for carpentry and cabinet work. It is reported to have a specific gravity of about 1.02. It is very fine-grained, and for that reason is employed in Central America for making fine-toothed combs. When in flower the tree is a very handsome one, being almost completely covered with the showy white bracts, which persist for a long time. 13. EXOSTEMA L. Rich.; Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 131. 1808. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 117-126. 1921. Shrubs or trees; flowers small or large, axillary and solitary or in terminal corymbs or panicles; calyx tube cylindric or obovoid, the limb 5-lobate; corolla tube usually long and slender, the limb 5-lobate; capsule 2-celled, septicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous, winged. 1366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Stamens included; corolla lobes short, rounded___..._-__________ 1. E. coulteri. Stamens exserted; corolla lobes linear or oblong. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils; corolla tube 3 to 5 em. long..2. E. caribaeum. Flowers in terminal many-flowered cymes; corolla tube 6 to 10 mm. long. Corlla tube 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx sparsely puberulent. 3. E. mexicanum. Corolla tube 6 mm. Jong; calyx densely puberulent__..____ 4. E. indutum. 1. Exostema coulteri Hook. f.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879. Type from Zimapdn, Hidalgo. Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, 5 to 6 em. long, acuminate, cuneate at base, coriaceous; flowers in terminal few-flowered corymbose cymes; corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; capsule 4 to 6 mm. long. 2. Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 19. 1819. Cinchona caribaea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1760. San Luis Potos{ to Colima, Guerrero, and Yucatén. Southern Florida; West Indies and Central America. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to elliptic- oblong, 5 to 11 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves, elsewhere glabrous; flowers pedicellate; corolla white, the lobes linear, recurved, about as long as the tube; capsule 1 to 1.5 em. long; wood hard, strong, close-grained, brown with yellow streaks, its specific gravity about 0.93. “Sabac-ché” (Yucatén, Maya); “falsa quina”’ (Ramirez) ; “cuero de sapo,” “‘lechesillo”’ (Porto Rico); “macagua de costa,”’ “‘cerillo,”’ “cera amarilla’’ (Cuba). Known in the Bahamas as “princewood.” The wood is reported to be useful for cabinet work and turning, and is sometimes employed for torches. In former times the bark was much used as a febrifuge in place of Cinchona bark. It is said also to have emetic properties. 3. Exostema mexicanum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 180. 1861. San Luis Potosf and Veracruz; type collected near Tantoyuca, Veracruz. Small tree; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oval, 4.5 to 15 em. long, abruptly acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; barbate beneath along the costa, elsewhere glabrous; corolla sparsely villosulous, the lobes 1 em. long. 4. Exostema indutum Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 126. 1921. Type from Oaxaca. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic-oblong, 5.5 to 9 em. long, abruptly acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, appressed-pilose or glabrate beneath; corolla yellow, puberulent or pilosulous, the lobes 7 to 9 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. EXOSTEMA CANESCENS Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 359. 1830. Type from some- where in Mexico. Probably not of this genus. 14. COUTAREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 314, 1775. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 126-128, 1921. Trees or shrubs; leaves petiolate; flowers large, terminal or axillary, solitary or cymose; calyx tube obovoid-turbinate, the limb 5 to 8-lobate; corolla funnel- form-campanulate, more or less oblique, the tube often curved and ventricose, the limb 5 to 8-lobate, the lobes short, plicate-imbricate or contorted ; capsule more or less obcompressed, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds humerous, broadly winged. Corolla 8-lobate, symmetric; calyx lobes usually 8, Capsule only slightly compressed; pedicels ebracteolate __......__........____. 1. C. octomera. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1367 Corolla 6-lobate; calyx lobes 6. Corolla symmetric or nearly so, the tube not gibbous; capsule only slightly compressed; flowers solitary; stamens equaling or usually shorter than the corolla. Pedicels ebracteolate; calyx lobes 6 to 10 mm. long; corolla lobes 6 to 10 mm. long, often half as long as the tube_--~---------- 2. C. latiflora. Pedicels bracteolate; calyx lobes 10 to 20 mm. long; corolla lobes about one-fourth as long as the tube. Capsule 2 to 3 em. long; corolla 6 to 8 cm. long; leaves mostly ovate or WY Aloe eee ee ee eee eee 3. C. pterosperma. Capsule 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long; corolla about 10 cm. long; leaves narrowly lance-oblong.....-..-.---------------+---------- 4. C. lumaeana. Corolla asymmetric, the tube gibbous; capsule strongly compressed; flowers mostly in 3-flowered cymes; stamens longer than the corolla. 5. C. hexandra. 1. Coutarea octomera Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 101. 1886. Coutarea acamptoclada Robins. & Millsp. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl. 80: 28. 1905. Yucatan; type from Cozumel Island. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval, rhombic-ovate, or oval-oblong, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla greenish yellow, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, glabrous; capsule 1.5 cm. long. 2. Coutarea latiflora Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Southwestern Chihuahua to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla. Guatemala. Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, ovate or oval to oblong, 4 to 12 em. long, obtuse or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, tomentose or pilose beneath or finally glabrate; flowers fragrant; corolla white, 5 to 7 cm. long, glabrous or pilose outside; capsule 2 cm. long, brown. “‘Quina”’ (Oaxaca, Guerrero); ‘“copalchi’” (Oaxaca); ‘‘falsa quina” (Michoacan, Ramirez); ‘‘cam- panilla” (Jalisco, Oliva); ‘(palo amargo”’ (Sinaloa). The bark is employed as a febrifuge. 3. Coutarea pterosperma (S. Wats.) Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 127. 1921. Portlandia pterosperma 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 52. 1889. Sonora and Chihuahua to Colima; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub or tree 1 to 15 meters high, the trunk 50 cm. or less in diameter; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate to oval or ovate-oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, rounded to subacute at base, short-pilose or glabrous beneath, often barbate along the costa; corolla white, green when dry; capsule brown, oval, 6-costate. ‘‘Copalchi’ (Colima): ‘‘palo amargo,” ‘‘copalquin,” ‘‘ca- parche’”’ (Sinaloa). The bark is employed for fevers, especially for malaria, and also for affections of the lungs. 4. Coutarea lumaeana Baill. Adansonia 12: 301. 1879. Veracruz. Guatemala; type from mountains of western Guatemala. Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lance-oblong, 8 to 11.5 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse to acuminate at base; corolla white; capsule oval- globose, 6-costate. 5. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras, 6° 196. 1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1760. Coutarea speciosa Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 314. pl. 122. 1775. Coutarea flavescens Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. 1368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high or more; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, usually cuspidate-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, glabrous or short-pilose beneath; corolla white or yellowish, tinged below with purple; capsule 2 cm. long, dark brown. “Arbol de San Silvestre’”’ (Nicaragua): “quina,’’ “quinita,” “quina blanca,” ‘“zalas” (El Salvador). The bark is bitter and astringent, with properties similar to those of Cinchona bark, although less active. It was formerly much employed in medicine, being known as “quinquina de Cumand” and “quinquina de Cartagena.”’ 15. CEPHALANTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 129-130. 1921. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or verticillate, short-petiolate; flowers small, white or yellow, sessile in dense globose heads; calyx 4 or 5-dentate, often glanduliferous; corolla tubular-funnelform, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, often with glands in the sinuses; fruit turbinate, 2 to 4-celled, the cells indehiscent, 1-seeded; seeds with a white aril at apex. Calyx glabrous outside, or the tube with a few long white hairs at base. 1. C. occidentalis. Calyx densely appressed-pubescent_......__________._______ 2. C. salicifolius. 1. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753. Cephalanthus berlandieri Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 55: 175. 1917. Chihuahua to Veracruz and Guerrero; reported from Tabasco. United States; Cuba; southern Asia. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 15 meters high; leaves opposite or ternate, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 19 em. long, acuminate, rounded to acute at base, glabrous or pilose beneath; heads 6 to 12 mm. in diameter, long-peduncu- late, axillary and terminal; corolla 5 to 9 mm. long; capsule 4 to 8 mm. long; wood light, rather hard and close-grained, pinkish brown. “Jazm{n” (Michoa- cain, Guerrero); ‘uvero”’ (Tabasco, Rovirosa). Known in the United States as “buttonbush.”” The bark is bitter, with tonic and laxative properties, and has been employed for periodic fevers. A poisonous principle, cephalanthin, which destroys the blood corpuscles and causes violent vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis, has been separated from it. The bark has been used also for palsy, coughs, and venereal and cutaneous diseases. The plant is said to yield a yellow dye. 2. Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2: 63. 1809. Cephalanthus occidentalis salicifolius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 29. 1878. Cephalanthus peroblongus Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 176. 1917. Sonora to Guerrero, Morelos, and Tamaulipas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Honduras. Shrub or small tree; leaves elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 5 to 12 em. long, rounded to attenuate at apex, acute to subcordate at base, glabrous or nearly so; heads 6 to 8 mm. long, long-pedunculate; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; capsule 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘ Mimbre” (Sinaloa); ‘botoncillo”’ (Honduras) ; “jazmin blanco” (Nayarit). 16. DUGGENA Vahl; West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 269. 1793. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 133-137. 1921. 1. Duggena panamensis (Cay.) Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 18: 126. 1916. Buena panamensis Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 279. 1800. Gonzalea panamensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. Gonzalagunia panamensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 65; 292. 1889. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1369 Michoacén to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Cuba; Central America and Colombia; type from Ancén Hill, Panama. Slender shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 7 to 14 em. long, acuminate, acute, or obtuse at base, pilose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence dense, spikelike, 8 to 24 cm. long; calyx 4-lobate; corolla white, salverform, 10 to 17 mm. long, the tube slender, glabrous or sparsely pilose; fruit globose, tetracoccous, 3 to 4 mm. broad, fleshy at maturity and black; seeds numerous, minute. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. DuGGENA NIVEA (Bartl.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 125. 1916. Gonzalea nivea Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 436. 1830. Described from Mexico. Probably a species of Rondeletia. GoNZALAGUNIA PARVIFLORA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 414. 1831. Type from Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo, Veracruz. GonZALEA SECUNDA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 235. 1844. Type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Probably a synonym of Duggena panamensis. 17. ISERTIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 1: 234. 1789. 1. Isertia haenkeana DC. Prodr. 4: 437. 1830. Described originally from Mexico, but the species has not been collected recently in Mexico, and the locality may have been given incorrectly. Guatemala to Colombia: Cuba. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or oblong-obovate, 20 to 45 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, densely short-pilose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, 7 to 20 cm. long; calyx shallowly 4 to 6-dentate; corolla tubular-funnelform, yellow or orange-red, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, the lobes short; fruit baccate, purplish, depressed-globose, 5 to 6 mm. broad; seeds minute, numerous. ‘Canelito” (Panama). 18. PLOCANIOPHYLLON. T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ Calif. Publ. Bot, 6: 69. 1914. A single species is known. 1. Plocaniophyllon flavum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69, 1914. Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas. Slender glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to lance-oblong, 2.5 to 5 em. long, acute to long-acuminate, acute at base, thin, conspicuously lineolate; flowers yellow, in simple secund racemes; calyx 4-lobate; corolla salverform, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long, narrowly oblong, acute; fruit fleshy (?), oblong-turbinate, 6 mm. long; seeds numerous, minute. 19. SOMMERA Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 602. 1834. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 143-145. 1921. Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, thin, with numerous fine parallel nerves between the veins; flowers white, in axillary pedunculate cymes, corymbs, or ra- cemes; calyx 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes somewhat foliaceous; corolla funnelform or subcampanulate, sericeous outside, the 4 or 5 lobes valvate; fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds numerous, minute. Leaves quite glabrous on the upper surface; branchlets glabrous or nearly so. Calyx lobes lanceolate or lance-oblong, acuminate; cymes mostly 3-flowered. Leaves acute at base__....-------- Heeler ee eee 1. S. arborescens. Calyx lobes oval or suborbicular, rounded at apex; inflorescence with more than 3 flowers. Inflorescence racemose; leaves acute at base_------------ 2. 8. chiapensis. Inflorescence cymose-corymbose; leaves obtuse to subcordate at base. 38. S. subcordata. 1370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves sparsely or densely pilose on the upper surface; branchlets pilose. 4. 8S. grandis. _ 1, Sommera arborescens Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 602. 1834. Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna. Leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, serice- ous beneath along the nerves; calyx lobes 5 to 9 mm. long; fruit oval, 12 to 14 mm. long. 2. Sommera chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915. Type from Finea Irlanda, Chiapas. Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, 12 to 27 em. long, abruptly acuminate, densely sericeous beneath when young, later glabrate. 3. Sommera subcordata Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 144. 1921. Sinaloa; type from Colomas. Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves oval-obovate or oval-elliptic, 12 to 30 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, sparsely setose-pilose beneath. 4. Sommera grandis (Bartl.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 145. 1921. Petesia grandis Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 395. 1830. Sommera mesochora Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 17: 437. 1914. Michoacdn and Colima. Guatemala to Panama. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves obovate to oval, 10 to 22 em. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded to attenuate at base, appressed-pilose beneath; inflorescence ¢ymose-corymbose, usually many-flowered; corolla white, 5 to 8 mm. long. 20. SABICEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 192. 1775. REFERENCES: Wernham, A monograph of the genus Sabicea, 1914; Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 82: 148-150. 1921. Shrubs, usually seandent; flowers small, capitate or cymose, axillary; calyx tube subglobose, the limb 3 to 6-lobate, the lobes narrow, persistent; corolla funnelform or salverform, the throat villous, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes short, valvate; fruit baccate, 2 to 5-celled; seeds numerous, minute. Inflorescence lax at maturity, the flowers pedicellate________ 1. S. mexicana. Inflorescence dense, the flowers sessile. Stipules broadly ovate, 5 to 10 mm. long; leaves hirsute or strigose. 2. 8. hirsuta. Stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; leaves puberulent or glabrate. 3. S. flagenioides. 1. Sabicea mexicana Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 41. 1914. Oaxaca, Branches pilose with subappressed hairs; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, hirsute; calyx lobes 6 to 10 mm. long; corolla white, strigose, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long. Reported by Hemsley as S. glabrescens Benth. 2. Sabicea hirsuta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820. Veracruz and Chiapas. Central and South America; type from the Orinoco River. Branches hirsute or pilose; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base; calyx lobes 2 to 4 mm. long; corolla white, hirsute or strigose, the tube 6 mm. long; fruit 1 cm. in diameter. Reported by Hemsley as S. hirta Swartz. 3. Sabicea flagenioides Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 57. 1914. Type from Chichankanab, Yucatan. Branches tomentulose when young; leaves lanceolate, 5 cm. long, acuminate; calyx lobes 4.5 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1371 21. POSOQUERIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 133. 1775. 1. Posoqueria latifolia (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819. Tocoyena latifolia Lam. Tabl. Encyel. 2: 259. 1793. Posoqueria coriacea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 240. 1844. Oaxaca; reported from Tabasco. Central and South America; Cuba (?). Glabrous tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval to oblong, 8 to 25 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous; flowers white, in terminal corymbs; calyx with 5 short rounded lobes; corolla salverform, the slender tube 12 to 16.5 em. long, the 5 lobes oblong, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse; fruit baccate, globose, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, yellow; seeds numerous, irregularly angulate, black, about lem. long. “ Palo de peine blanco”’ (Tabasco ?); ‘‘jazmin de drbol”’ (Nicaragua); “boca vieja”’ (Panama); ‘“‘guayaba de mico”’ (Costa Rica); ‘“fruta de murciélago,” “fruta de mono,” “‘huevo de mono”’ (Panama). The fruit is sometimes eaten, but its flavor is poor. 22. GENIPA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 155-157. 1921. 1. Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759. Genipa caruto H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 407. 1818. Genipa americana caruto Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6°: 352. 1889. Guerrero to Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America. Tree, sometimes 15 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to oblong, 14 to 35 cm. long, acute or obtuse, attenuate to base, pubescent or glabrous beneath; flowers in few-flowered, axillary or terminal cymes; calyx truncate or shallowly ecrenate; corolla salverform, yellowish white, 2 to 4.5 em. long, the 5 or 6 lobes longer than the tube; fruit baccate, subglobose, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; seeds numerous, compressed, 6 to 12 mm. long, dark brown. “Maluco” (Oaxaca) ; ‘agua blanca,” “jagua azul” (Tabasco) ; ‘‘jagua’’ (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz, Panama, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘‘caruto”’ (Venezuela) ; ‘irayol”’ (Guatemala, El Salvador); ‘‘tapaculo,”’ “vigualtf,” “gigualtf” (Nica- ragua); “‘tifie-dientes’” (El Salvador). The typical form of the species is glabrous. The form occurring in Mexico is G. americana caruto, which is distinguished by its copious pubescence. The wood is said to be soft but strong and resistant, flexible, fibrous, whitish tinged with gray; its specific gravity is reported as ranging from 0.73 to 0.87. It is used for carts, gun-stocks, axe handles, and other articles. The bark is said to be rich in tannin and it has been employed for tanning. A gum is pro- duced from incisions in the trunk. The leaves are eaten by cattle. The fruit is brown or green tinged with brown, with a leathery skin and scant acid pulp. The copious juice colors everything it touches brownish or blackish violet. The pulp is eaten by domestic animals and also by human beings, and is used in the preparation of a refreshing drink, and has been fermented to produce an alcoholic beverage. The juice was much used by the early inhabit- ants of tropical America for coloring cloth and utensils and for painting the skin. A decoction of the roots was formerly employed in the West Indies as a remedy for gonorrhoea, and in El Salvador the fruit is considered a remedy for jaundice. The earliest account of the tree is that of Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap V), who speaks of it as follows: “The Xagua is a handsome large tree, and I have seen made of it fine lance handles, as long and thick as were wanted; it is a heavier wood than ash, and very common in Hispaniola and other islands and in the Spanish Main. They are high straight trees like the ashes, beautiful to see, and the handles made from them are of pretty complexion, and in color pale brown 1372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM to tawny. In Hispaniola, although there are some of these trees, they are neither s0 numerous nor so well suited as in Tierra-Firme, in the Province of Cueva or of Castilla del Oro, for the making of lances. They produce a fruit as large as a poppy pod, and very similar except in the crown, which the Xagua does not have. It is good to eat when ripe and seasoned; from it is obtained a clear juice with which the Indians bathe their limbs and sometimes the whole body, when tired. And also for their pleasure they paint themselves with the juice, which, aside from being astringent, turns everything it touches as black as fine and polished jet, or even blacker; and this dye can not be removed for 15 or 20 days or more; and often the nails are black until they are renewed if they are wet in the juice; all of which I have seen many times. * * # They are accustomed to play a joke upon the women, wetting them carelessly with Xagua juice mixed with other scented ones; and after a little there come out spots over their bodies, and the women, not knowing the cause of the spots, are frightened into seeking a remedy for them; and the remedies are harmful, and likely to burn or blister the face and body where the spots are but not to remove them until the passage of the 20 days, as I have said above, when little by little the dye disappears. When the Indians of Tierra-Firme prepare for battle, they paint their bodies with Xagua and with Biza, which is a red dye. And the Indian women also when they wish to appear well decorate themselves with one or both colors; but to my eyes they appear little better than devils when they are thus adorned.” 23. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.; DC. Prodr. 4: 443. 1830. 1. Alibertia edulis (L. Rich.) A. Rich.; DC. Prodr. 4: 443. 1830, Genipa edulis L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792. Cordiera edulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891. Oaxaca and Chiapas; reported from Tabasco. Central and South America; Cuba and Martinique; type from French Guiana. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to oval-ovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, acute to rounded at base, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, dioecious, terminal, sessile; calyx denticulate; corolla salverform, 2 to 3 em. long, sericeous, the 4 or 5 lobes acumi- nate; fruit baccate, globose, about 2.5 em. in diameter, yellowish, containing 2 or more cells; seeds numerous, compressed, 5 mm. broad, brownish. “Costar- rica”’ (Tabasco, Ramirez); “madrofio de comer” (Costa Rica); ‘perita’”’ (Co- lombia); “pitajoni,’ “pitajoni hembra” (Cuba); ‘“‘torolillo” (El Salvador) ; “trompo,” ‘“trompito,” “madrofo” (Panama); ‘‘guayaba del monte” (Guate- mala), The fruit is edible but not agreeable in flavor. 24, RANDIA L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753. Trees or shrubs, usually armed with spines; flowers small or large, perfect or dioecious, solitary or fasciculate, axillary or terminal, usually white or yellowish; calyx lobate or truncate; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube short or elongate; fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds few or numerous, immersed in pulp, usually horizontal, compressed. Flowers and fruit large; corolla 2.5 to 14 em. long; fruit 3 to 9 cm. long, rarely only 2 cm. long (probably immature). Fruit covered with long spinelike tubercles.....________ 1. R. echinocarpa. Fruit smooth. Plants unarmed______--_._____-_.--_-_-_____. 2. R. laevigata. Plants armed with spines. Corolla glabrous outside; leaves glabrous beneath or pubescent along the veins; flowers often pedicellate. Tube of the corolla about as long as the lobes; leaves glabrous beneath. 3. R. longiloba. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1373 Tube of the corolla about twice as long as the lobes; leaves appressed- pilose beneath, at least along the costa____-------- 4. R. armata. Corolla pubescent outside; leaves usually pubescent beneath over the whole surface; flowers sessile. Corolla lobes rhombic-obovate; leaves abruptly attentuate to the base. 5. R. tetracantha. Corolla lobes never obovate; leaves not abruptly attenuate to the base. Lower surface of leaves not tomentose----------- 6. R. albonervia. Lower surface of leaves densely tomentose, at least when young. Corolla tube 5.5 to 6 cm. long_------------------- 7. R. cinerea. Corolla tube 1.5 to 2 cm. long. Spines in pairs; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less, rounded at apex. 8. R. nelsonii. Spines mostly in 4’s; leaves usually more than 3.5 cm. long, sometimes acute. Corolla tube 1.5 em. long; leaves mostly acute or acutish, 0.8 to 2.3 em. wide_.------------------ 9. R. purpusii. Corolla tube 2 em. long; leaves mostly rounded at apex, 1.5 to 7.5 em, wide___.------------------- 10. R. watsoni. Flowers and fruit small; corolla 0.4 to 2 cm. long; fruit usually 0.6 to 2 cm. long, rarely slightly larger. Plants unarmed. Corolla glabrous outside; leaves sessile --- ----- - Corolla pubescent; leaves petiolate--..---------------- Plants armed with spines. Throat of the corolla densely white-barbate. Pericarp thin, black, lustrous, succulent------ ------ Pericarp thick and hard, never black or succulent. Fruit 1.6 to 2.5 em. in diameter; leaves mostly orbicular-spatulate. 26. R. thurberi. Fruit 0.6 to 1.3 em. in diameter; leaves not orbicular-spatulate. Spines scattered in pairs along the branches. Fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter; seeds 2 to 4__------------------- 25. R. obcordata. Spines mostly in pairs at the ends of the branchlets._.14. R. mitis. Throat of the corolla naked, sometimes sparsely pilosulous but never white- barbate. Calyx truncate__--.------------------------------- Calyx lobate. Pericarp thin, black, lustrous, succulent___------- Pericarp thick and hard, never black and lustrous. Spines all or mostly in pairs at the ends of the branchlets. Fruit and calyx tube densely pilose with spreading hairs. 16. R. malacocarpa. Fruit and calyx tube glabrous or appressed-pilose. Leaves densely puberulent beneath_--.--------- 17. R. induta. Leaves glabrous beneath or puberulent only along the costa. Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long. 18. R. xalapensis. Corolla 6 to 12 mm. long; fruit 0.7 to 2 cm. long. Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; flowers solitary. 19. R. chiapensis. Corolla 7 to 11 mm. long; flowers often clustered. 20. R. laetevirens. 11. R. blepharophylla. 12. R. pringlei. 13. R. rhagocarpa. 15. R. truncata. 1374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Spines scattered in pairs along the branches. Leaves densely long-pilose; corolla pilose outside. 21. R. canescens. Leaves glabrous or sparsely short-pilose; corolla (so far as known) glabrous outside. Lateral nerves of the leaves 5 or 6 on each side, conspicuous. Leaves pilose beneath along the costa; corolla 18 to 20 mm. cr 22. R. rosei. Lateral nerves 2 to 4 on each side, inconspicuous. Branches whitish; calyx 1 to 1.5 mm. long. Corolla 5 to 6 mm. NOT soe ee ee 23. R. gaumeri. Branches brown or grayish; calyx 2 to 3 mm. long. Calyx lobes long-ciliate; flowers clustered. 24. R. blepharodes. Calyx lobes obscurely ciliolate or naked; flowers solitary. Fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter; seeds 2 to 4. 25. R. obcordata. Fruit 16 to 25 mm. in diameter; seeds numerous. 26. R. thurberi. 1. Randia echinocarpa Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 385. 1830. Genipa echinocarpa. A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 380. 1886. Chihuahua and Sonora to Guerrero and Veracruz. Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; spines in 4’s at the ends of the branches; leaves sessile or subsessile, oval, oval-obovate, or rhombic-ovate, 3.5 to 8.5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, densely pilose beneath, at least along the veins; flowers dioecious, orange-yellow; staminate corolla appressed-pilose, the tube 3 em. long; fruit subglobose, 4.5 to 9 em. in diameter, green or yellow, pubescent, the tubercles 1 to 3 em. long. “Papache,” “papache picudo”’ (Sinaloa). The fruit is edible and is considered (in Sinaloa) a remedy for malaria. 2. Randia laevigata Standl., sp. nov. Sonora to Durango and Tepic; type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora (Rose, Standley & Russell 13051; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 635870). Unarmed shrub, 2 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, obovate- oblong or rhombic-ovate, 14 to 23 em. long, acute or acuminate, attenuate to base, pubescent beneath when young, glabrate in age; fruit subglobose, 6.5 cm. long, glabrous. ‘‘Crucecilla de la sierra”’ (Sinaloa). In Sinaloa the fruit is employed as a remedy for bronchitis. 3. Randia longiloba Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 101. 1886. Yucatién; type from Cozumel Island. Tree, 6 to 7.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded to acute at base; flowers terminal, usually clustered, subsessile; corolla white, the tube 17 to 22 mm. long. ““Xcaax’’ (Maya). , 4. Randia armata (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Mussaenda spinosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 70. 1763. Gardenia armata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 51. 1788. Randia spinosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869. Not R. spinosa Poir. 1811. Southern Baja California and Sinaloa to Chiapas. Lesser Antilles; Central and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 70 cm. in diam- eter; spines in 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or obovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate at base and apex, puberulent STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1375 or glabrate; flowers dioecious, white or yellowish white; corolla tube 2.5 cm. long; fruit oval or subglobose, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘‘Huele de noche,” “palo de la cruz,” “zapotillo”’ (Oaxaca); “canastilla’’ (Chiapas); “‘rosetillo’’? (Honduras, Guatemala); ‘“‘ Maria Angola’’ (Colombia); ‘‘jicarillo,’’ “crucito,” ‘‘crucetilla,”’ “‘caca de mico,” ‘“torolillo”’ (El Salvador). The wood is said to be useful for various purposes. The fruit is reported to have emetic properties and to be used in Martinique for stupefying fish. The flowers are sweet-scented. 5. Randia tetracantha (Cay.) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Mussaenda tetracantha Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 20. pl. 4385, 1799. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. ~ Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; spines in 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves siender-petiolate, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers terminal, dioecious (?), solitary or clus- tered; corolla tube 5 cm. long or longer; fruit oval, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, yellowish, “Arbol de las cruces”’ (Guerrero). 6. Randia albonervia T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 257. 1908. Veracruz; type from Corral de las Piedras, near Zacuapan. Shrub; branchlets with 2 or 4 spines at apex; leaves petiolate, obovate or ovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate at base, appressed- pilose beneath; flowers terminal, solitary; corolla densely white-pilose, the tube 3 to 4 cm. long. 7. Randia cinerea (Fernald) Standl. Genipa cinerea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 93. 1897. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Sarmentose shrub; spines in 2’s or 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves petiolate, oval, 5 to 15 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded or obtuse at base; flowers dioecious, yellowish white; corolla sericeious; fruit obovoid, 7 em. long, pilose. 8. Randia nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 574. 1899. Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected between Juchitin and Chivela, Oaxaca. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-orbicular, obtuse to subretuse, acute at base; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla sparsely hirtel- lous; fruit subglobose, 2.5 to 3 em. long, densely short-pilose. 9. Randia purpusii Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1915. Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. Leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long, long- attenuate at base; flowers terminal, sessile; corolla sparsely pilose. 10. Randia watsoni Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad. 29: 317. 1894. Randia tomentosa 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 152. 1890. Not R. to- mentosa Wight & Arn. 1834. Randia megacarpa T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 257. 1908. Southern Baja California to Nuevo Leén, Morelos, and Michoacén; Chiapas (7); type from Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Shrub or tree, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval or obovate, 2.5 to 8.5 cm. long, acute to truncate at base; flowers perfect, white, few at the ends of the branches, sessile; corolla sparsely or densely pilose; fruit globose or oval, 6 cm. long or less, short-pilose or glabrate. ‘‘Papache”’ (Sinaloa). 11. Randia blepharophylla Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type collected between Aguacate and Dolores, Tepic (Rose 2028; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300921). 57020—26——5 1376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Unarmed shrub; leaves sessile, oval or rounded-ovate, 8 to 11 em. long, rounded at apex, subcordate at base, densely ciliate, in age glabrate but when young copiously pilose beneath; flowers dioecious, the staminate in few-flowered axillary short-pedunculate cymes; calyx and hypanthium 4 mm. long, glabrous, the limb irregularly undulate; corolla tube glabrous, 8 mm. long, the lobes oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, ciliate; fruit subglobose, glabrous, 13 mm. in diameter or larger. 12. Randia pringlei A. Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 379. 1886. Basanacantha reticulata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 98. 1883. Not Randia reticulata Benth. 1849. Coahuila and Durango; type from mountains near Jimuleo, Coahuila. Shrub or small tree; leaves mostly obovate or oval, 3 to 8 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, cuneate-attenuate to truncate and decurrent at base, densely tomentose or pubescent beneath; flowers dioecious, terminal, clustered; corolla white, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit globose, 2 cm. in diameter, densely pubescent. ‘‘Chapote’’ (Coahuila). 13. Randia rhagocarpa Standl., sp. nov. Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas (Palmer 38; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 572266). Shrub about 4.5 meters high, the branches armed with numerous pairs of stout divaricate spines; leaves petiolate, the blades cuneate-orbicular or rounded- obovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, cuneate or acuminate at base, rounded or truncate at apex, ciliolate, glabrous beneath; flowers terminal, sessile; fruit globose, about 12 mm. in diameter, smooth, black, very lustrous, the pericarp thin, succulent, soft when dry; seeds about 8, 5 to 7 mm. long. 14. Randia mitis L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753. Randia aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753. Randia latifolia Lam. Encyel. 3: 24. 1789. Mussaenda rotundifolia Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 59. 1894. Veracruz and Oaxaca; Sinaloa (?); Tamaulipas (?). West Indies; Panama and Colombia; type from Jamaica. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, very variable in shape, 1 to 10 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, glabrous beneath or sparsely pilose along the costa; flowers perfect, usually clustered, sessile; corolla white, 6 to 8 mm. long, glabrous; fruit globose, 6 to 13 mm. in diameter. ‘“‘Crucilla”’ (Tamaulipas); ‘“crucecilla de la costa’ (Sinaloa); ‘“cruceto” (Tamaulipas, Escontria; Colombia); ‘‘tintillo,’’ ‘‘escambrén,” “palo de cotorra,” “cambrén” (Porto Rico); “maiz tostado”’ (Colombia); ‘‘agalla de costa,” ‘yamaguey,” “yamaguey de costa,” “‘pitajoni bravo, pitajoni espinoso”’ (Cuba); ‘‘espino cruz,” ‘crucete”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘papachilla’’ (Sinaloa). The green fruit is astringent and in the West Indies has been employed as a remedy for dysentery. The ripe fruit is sometimes eaten, and it is reported to yield a blue dye. 15. Randia truncata Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 411. 1915. Randia tetramera Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 109. 1923. Yucatan; type from Izamal. Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, the spines in pairs at the ends of the branches; leaves nearly sessile, suborbicular or obovate, 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect; corolla glabrous, the tube 1 to 1.5 em. long. ‘*Mehenkax,” ‘‘kax” (Maya). This is perhaps the plant reported from Yucatan as R. aculeata L., which is said to bear the Maya name ‘‘xpech citam.”’ 9 66 16. Randia malacocarpa Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 3298; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 302274), STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1377 Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches armed at the apex with two stout spines; leaves mostly clustered on short lateral spurs, short-petioled, the blades mostly ovate, ovate-oblong, or narrowly elliptic-oblong, rarely rounded-obovate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, acute to long-attenuate at base, usually acute at apex, puberu- lent or scaberulous above, densely short-pilose beneath; flowers perfect, terminal, sessile; calyx densely short-pilose, the hypanthium 2 mm. long, the calyx lobes linear or oblong, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; corolla salverform, sparsely hirtellous outside, the tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the 5 lobes rounded, 2 to 3 mm. long, the throat naked; fruit globose, 12 mm. in diameter or larger, densely velvety-pilose, the pericarp very thick and hard; seeds numerous. 17. Randia induta Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cayacol, Guerrero (Nelson 7018; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 399362). Branchlets armed at apex with two stout spines 7 to 13 mm. long; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oblong-obovate or rhombic-obovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate at base, rounded or very obtuse at apex, glabrous above, beneath copiously puberulent; fruits terminal on short lateral spurs, solitary, sessile, globose, 7 to 10 mm. in diameter, smooth, glabrate, the pericarp very thin; seeds usually 4, about 5 mm. long. 18. Randia xakapensis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 239. 1844. ?Randia tomatillo Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 360. 1922. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Yucatdin; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Shrub or small tree; leaves sessile or subsessile, obovate to elliptic-oblong, 1.5 to 4 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, coriaceous; flowers perfect, white; corolla glabrous; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long, white, the pulp black. ‘‘Nanche” (Tamaulipas); ‘‘tomatillo”’ (Veracruz). 19. Randia chiapensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Canjob, Chiapas (Goldman 797; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 470602). Branchlets bearing at apex two slender or stout spines 7 to 12 mm. long; leaves mostly clustered on very short lateral spurs, the petioles 2 mm. long or less, the blades obovate to rhombic-orbicular, 1 to 3 cm. long, 6 to 15 mm. wide, at base attenuate or rounded and short-decurrent, rounded or very obtuse at apex, gla- brous; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium glabrous, the calyx lobes linear to ovate-oblong, obtuse, shorter than the hypan- thium; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long, glabrous outside, the tube nearly as thick as long, the throat naked, the lobes suborbicular, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, about equaling the tube. 20. Randia laetevirens Standl., sp. nov. ?Randia latifolia micrantha Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 723. 1831. Sinaloa and Tepic; Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén, and Veracruz; type from Cerro de la Silla near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén (Nelson 6683; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 347312). Shrub 1 to 3 meters high, the branchlets bearing at the apex two stout ascend- ing spines; leaves crowded on very short lateral spurs, petiolate or subsessile, the blades mostly obovate-oblong, 1 to 6 cm. long, 0.5 to 2 cm. wide, acute to attenuate at base, acute to rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect, terminal, sessile, usually clustered, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium glabrous or obscurely scaber- ulous, the calyx lobes triangular-subulate, half as long as the tube or almost obso- lete; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 4 to 6.5 mm. long, the throat naked, the lobes rounded-ovate, 2.5 to 4.5 mm. long, abruptly short-acuminate; fruit globose, 8 to 14 mm. in diameter, smooth or slightly rugose, glabrous, the pericarp thick and hard; seeds 5 to 7, 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘‘Capulin corona” (San Luis Potosf); “erucero blanco,” ‘“‘crucero”’ (Tamaulipas). A decoction of the wood is used in San Luis Potosf for affections of the chest. 1378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 21. Randia canescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 573. 1899. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, 7 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, rounded to acute at base; flowers perfect, sessile; corolla short-pilose, the tube 6 to 7 mm. long. 22. Randia rosei Standl., sp. nov. Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Rosario, Sinaloa (Rose 1551; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no, 300395). Branches armed with numerous pairs of stout divergent spines 1 to 2 cm. long; leaves mostly crowded on short lateral spurs, slender-petiolate, the blades suborbicular to rhombic-ovate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, rounded or obtuse at base, rounded or very obtuse at apex, short-pilose beneath along the veins, elsewhere glabrous; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; hypanthium 2 mm. long, pilose, the calyx lobes linear, 3 to 6 mm. long, ciliate; corolla salverform, glabrous outside, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long, the throat naked, the 5 lobes ovate-oval, 8 mm. long, obtuse or acutish; fruit subglobose, rather sparsely pilose. 23. Randia gaumeri Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1915. Yucatan; type from Izamal. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, cuneate-orbicular or obovate, 5 to 15 mm. long, broadly rounded at apex, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect; corolla glabrous. 24. Randia blepharodes Standl., sp. nov. Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Mexcala, Guerrero, altitude 500 meters (Langlassé 1033; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386343). Shrub about 3 meters high, the branches bearing numerous pairs of stout divaricate spines 1 to 2 cm. long; leaves crowded on short lateral spurs, subsessile or short-petiolate, the blades cuneate-orbicular or rounded-obovate, 7 to 17 mm. long and broad, cuneate at base, broadly rounded at apex or subretuse, glabrous; flowers perfect, terminal, clustered, sessile, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium more or less scaberulous, the calyx lobes lance-linear, much longer than the tube, long- ciliate; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube slender, 1 cm. long, the throat naked, the lobes ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit globose, about 2 cm. in diameter, sparsely puberulent, the pericarp hard and thick; seeds numerous. 25. Randia obcordata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889. Sonora to Colima; type from Guaymas, Sonora. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves flabellate or obcordate, 4 to 18 mm. long, truncate or retuse at apex, decurrent to a short petiole, glabrous; fruit black. ‘*Papachillo” (Sinaloa). 26. Randia thurberi S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889. Sonora and Sinaloa; type collected between Rayén and Ures, Sonora. Shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, orbicular to cuneate-obovate, 0.6 to 4.5 em. long, obtuse to subretuse at apex, cuneate to abruptly long-attenuate at base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect, sessile; fruit greenish yellow, gla- brous. ‘‘Papache’’ (Sonora, Sinaloa). The fruit is edible. Birds are fond of it, and one seldom sees a fruit from which the birds have not extracted the pulpy interior, which has the appearance of blackberry jam. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Ranpia capirata DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Type from ‘‘ Anasteca.” 25. OTOCALYX T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914. A single species is known. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1379 1. Otocalyx chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914 Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, appressed-pilose benéath along the veins; flowers in axillary or terminal, few-flowered, long-pedunculate cymes; calyx 4-lobate, one of the lobes dilated into a foliaceous limb 9 to 12 mm. long; corolla sericeous, the tube 1 cm. long, the 4 lobes 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit baccate (?), subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. long; seeds minute, angulate. 26. HAMELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 2, 16. 1760. Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate; flowers yellow or red, in chiefly terminal scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla tubular or funnelform, the tube 5-costate, the lobes short, imbricate; fruit small, baccate, 5-celled; seeds numerous, minute, angulate. Calyx lobes oblong to subulate, longer than broad. Calyx lobes subulate; corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. long.--~-------- 1. H. xorullensis. Calyx lobes mostly oblong, obtuse; corolla 1.8 to 2.3 cm. long. Corolla villous outside; leaves villous beneath_-__---------- 2. H. rovirosae. Corolla glabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves puberulent beneath along the veins__--__.____------------------------------ 3. H. calycosa. Calyx lobes deltoid, as broad as long. Flowers not secund or obscurely so, pedicellate; fruit globose; corolla 8 to 13 mm. long_____---------------------------------- 4. H. versicolor . Flowers secund, mostly sessile; fruit usually longer than broad; corolla 14 to 22 mm. long. Mature leaves glabrous, or pubescent beneath along the costa and lateral nerves; leaves mostly quaternate._-_------------------ 5. H. nodosa. Mature leaves copiously pubescent beneath, usually over the whole surface; leaves mostly ternate_-_.---------------------------- 6. H. erecta. 1. Hamelia xorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 414. 1818. Hamelia hypomalaca Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 406. 1910. Sinaloa and Durango to Michoacdn; type from Volcan de Jorullo, Michoacan, altitude 1,150 meters. Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, oval to elliptic, 6 to 13 em. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, densely short-pilose or vil- losulous beneath; corolla yellow, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, the throat 1 em. broad or more. “ Aguacatillo”’ (Michoacan). 2. Hamelia rovirosae Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 49: 211. 1911. Hamelia patens coronata Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 40: 4. 1905. Type from Rio San Sebastian, Tabasco. Central America. Large shrub, sometimes scandent, the branches villous; leaves ternate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at base; corolla red, 18 to 24 mm. long. 3. Hamelia calycosa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 12: 132. 1887. Hamelia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 71. 1914. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Pansamala. Shrub, about 4 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate, acute at base; corolla yellow, 18 to 22 mm. long. 4. Hamelia versicolor A. Gray; 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 416. 1886. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3 to 12.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, puberulent or villosulous beneath; corolla orange, becoming red in age; fruit red, 5 to 7 mm. long. ‘Sangre de toro,” ‘“coralillo” (Sinaloa). The fruit gives a lilac dye. 1380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 5. Hamelia nodosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 234. 1844. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mirador, Veracruz, altitude 900 meters. Costa Rica. Shrub, 2.5 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 9.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded to attenuate at base; corolla red, 18 to 22 mm. long; fruit 8 to 10 mm. long. 8. Hamelia erecta Jacq. (Enum. Pl. Carib. 16, hyponym. 1760) Stirp. Amer. 71. 1768. Hamelia patens Jacq. (Enum. Pl. Carib. 16, hyponym, 1760) Stirp. Amer. 72. 1763. Hamelia lanuginosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 233. 1844. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatdin. Southern Florida; West Indies; Central and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to ovate or oval, 6 to 20 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, rounded to acuminate at base; corolla red, puberulent or villosulous; fruit 6 to 10 mm. long, red.‘ Kanan,” “xkand,’’ “xkanan”’ (Yucatdin, Maya); “chacloco” (Tamaulipas); “chichipfn’’ (Guate- mala, Honduras); ‘‘recadito”’ (Colombia) ; “zorrillo real,” “palo camarén’”’ (Costa Rica); “‘sisipinse,” ‘flor de cangrejo”” (Guatemala); ‘“coralillo,” “chichipince,”’ “xuchit paltimatia,” “flor de baiio” (El Salvador); ‘“canilla de venado” (Nica- ragua); “ponasf,” “bonasif,” “palo de coral’? (Cuba); “‘bélsamo” (Porto Rico); “cacanapazue,” ‘“pafiete’’ (Veracruz); “coral” (Honduras); ‘“uvero”’ (Panama); “zorrillo” (Costa Rica). The fruit is acid and edible, and a fermented drink is said to have been pre- pared from it. The leaves and stems have been used for tanning. The crushed leaves are sometimes applied to cuts and bruises, and a sirup prepared from the fruit has been employed in the West Indies as a remedy for dysentery. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. HAMELIA RosTRATA Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 442. 1830. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Probably identical with H. versicolor. 27. HOFFMANNIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 30. 1788. Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves opposite or verticillate; flowers small, cymose, axillary, the cymes sessile or pedunculate; calyx usually 4-lobate, the lobes short, persistent; corolla funnelform or nearly rotate, the lobes imbricate; fruit baccate, small, 2-celled; seeds numerous, minute. Lobes of the corolla twice as long as the tube or longer. Calyx truncate____.-_._____._.___-__ ee eee eee 1. H. lenticellata. Calyx lobate. Cymes long-pedunculate, longer than the petioles, the peduncles equaling or longer than the cymes. Corolla red. Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla 12 to 13 mm. long__._2. H. discolor. Leaves villous or villosulous beneath along the veins; corolla 10 mm. NON i oe eee 3. H. refulgens. Corolla yellow___.--.-----..------ =e _...4. H. rosei. Cymes sessile or short-pedunculate, usually shorter than the petioles, the peduncles shorter than the cymes. Leaves oval-elliptic, 6 to 7.5 em. wide____-___-_______- 5. H. rotundata. Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, 1 to 3 em. wide______ 6. H. mexicana. Lobes of the corolla equaling or shorter than the tube, or but slightly exceeding it. Corolla pubescent outside. Cymes long-pedunculate___....-.___________________. 7. H. orizabensis. Cymes sessile or nearly so.._._.._________________- 8. H. cuneatissima. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1381 Corolla glabrous. Leaves villosulous beneath, at least along the costa, mostly elliptic. 9. H. chiapensis. Leaves glabrous or strigillose beneath, obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong. Calyx lobes deltoid, minute; leaves caudate-acuminate_10. H. conzattii. Calyx lobes oblong, 1 mm. long; leaves attenuate at apex. . 11. H. strigillosa. 1. Hoffmannia lenticellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 30. 1879. Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Guatemala. Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, obovate or elliptic, 10 to 22 cm. long, obtusely acuminate; flowers 6 mm. long. 9. Hoffmannia discolor (Lemaire) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 36. 1881 Campylobotrys discolor Lemaire, F'. Serr. Jard. 8: Mise. 37. 1847. Described from cultivated plants which were believed to be of Mexican origin; reported from Chiapas. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves petiolate, obovate, 14 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, acute at base. 3. Hoffmannia refulgens (Hook.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia refulgens Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5346. 1862. Chiapas. Central America. Plants suffrutescent; leaves short-petiolate, obovate, 9 to 25 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, acute at base; peduncles 2.5 to 12 cm. long. 4. Hoffmannia rosei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 407. 1910. Type from Pedro Paulo, Tepic. Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, minutely puberulent beneath; corolla white, 7 mm. long. 5. Hoffmannia rotundata Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 204. 1919. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Leaves petiolate, obtuse to acute and short-acuminate, ferruginous-villous beneath, especially along the veins; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long. 6. Hoffmannia mexicana (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia mexicana Link, Klotasch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. 1: 57. pl. 23. 1841. Veracruz; Chiapas (?); described from cultivated plants. Slender shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, 2 to 9.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, puberulent or villosulous beneath along the veins; corolla yellow, 7 mm. long; fruit red, 5 to 9 mm. long. 7” Hoffmannia orizabensis Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 205. 1919. Type from the region of Orizaba, Veracruz. Low shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, acute, rufous-villosulous beneath along the veins; cymes about 4-flowered; corolla 12 to 13 mm. long. 8. Hoffmannia cuneatissima Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 407. 1910. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca, altitude 1,950 meters. Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, oblanceolate or obovate, 6 to 16 cm. long, short-acuminate, puberulent beneath along the veins; cymes 4 to 8 flowered; corolla yellowish, 1 cm. long; fruit 5 mm. in diameter. 9. Hoffmannia chiapensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 206. 1919. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. Leaves slender-petiolate, 10 to 19 cm. long, acuminate; cymes few or many- flowered; corolla yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long. 1382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 10. Hoffmannia conzattii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 406. 1910. Type from Colonia Melchor Ocampo, Veracruz, altitude 1,200 meters. Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, 11 to 16 em. long, long-attenuate at base, paler beneath; cymes about 6-flowered; corolla 6 mm. long. 11. Hoffmannia strigillosa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879. Described from Mexico, the locality not known. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, 15 to 20 em. long, long-attenuate at base; cymes few-flowered. 28. MACHAONIA Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 701. 1808. Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, white or whitish, the inflorescence ter- minal; calyx tube compressed, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes persistent; corolla short-funnelform, the throat villous, the 4 or 5 lobes rounded, imbricate; fruit oblong or obpyramidal, compressed, dicoccous, the cells indehiscent, 1-seeded. Leaves oblong-linear or linear-oblanceolate, less than 4 mm. wide, mostly fasci- OU eee ie et 1. M. coulteri. Leaves broader than oblong-linear, 5 to 35 mm. broad, opposite or ternate. Leaves copiously short-pilose or puberulent beneath. Calyx lobes longer than broad, acute or acutish__________ 2. M. velutina. Calyx lobes as broad as long, rounded_____...._______. 3. M. acuminata. Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, Calyx lobes glabrous, not ciliolate, usually truncate; leaves linear-lanceolate. 4. M. pringlei. Calyx lobes puberulent or ciliolate, not truncate; leaves mostly ovate or elliptic. Tube of the calyx densely covered with minute whitish appressed hairs, the lobes ovate, as long as the corolla tube_.____5. M. floribunda. Tube of the calyx sparsely pilose with short spreading hairs or glabrate, the lobes obovate, shorter than the corolla tube___6. M. lindeniana. 1. Machaonia coulteri (Hook. f.) Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 209. 1919, Microsplenium coulteri Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 4, 1873. Machaonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 77. 1883. Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo. Unarmed shrub; leaves subsessile, 5 to 16 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, sparsely short-pilose or glabrous; inflorescence few or many-flowered, 1 to 2.5 cm. broad; calyx lobes orbicular; corolla yellowish, 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘‘Huele de noche del campo” (Querétaro). 2. Machaonia velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11'; 134. 1844. Machaonia veracruzeana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: 204. 1879. Machaonia hahniana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: 204. 1879. Veracruz; type from Puente Nacional. Shrub, usually unarmed; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate; cymes 2.5 to 5 em. broad; corolla ochroleucous; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long. 8. Machaonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 101. 1808. Veracruz and Tabasco. Panama and South America; type from Ecuador. Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or ovate- elliptic, 5 to 10 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, tomentulose or short-pilose beneath; inflorescence much branched, 6 to 10 cm. broad; corolla 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1383 4, Machaonia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 380. 1886. Type from mountains near Jimulco, Coahuila. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, long-attenuate at each end, glabrous; cymes 3 to 6.5 cm. broad; corolla 4 mm. long. 5. Machaonia floribunda Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 488. 1898. Type collected near Tampico, Tamaulipas. Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous beneath or sparsely puberulent along the costa; inflorescence much branched, 5 to 7 cm. wide; corolla white, 2 mm. long. 6. Machaonia lindeniana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Campeche and Yucatdn; type from Campeche. Shrub or tree, 4 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 4cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, short-barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves, elsewhere glabrous; inflorescence 4 to 7 cm. broad; corolla ochroleucous, 3 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. MAcHAONIA GALEOTTIANA Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204, 1879. Type from Veracruz. 29. CHOMELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 1. 1760. Shrubs, often armed with spines; flowers small, white or yellow, usually in axil- lary pedunculate cymes; calyx limb 4-lobate, the lobes persistent; corolla salver- form or funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, the 4 lobes valvate or subimbri- cate; fruit drupaceous, osseous, 2-celled, the cells 1-seeded. Corolla lobes long, attenuate; plants usually armed with spines_..1. C. spinosa. Corolla lobes short, obtuse; plants unarmed. Corolla tube 15 mm. long_._-.---------------------------- 2. C. barbata. Corolla tube 10 mm. long or less. Calyx lobes oblong or linear, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; leaves pubescent beneath with spreading hairs_...---------------------------- 3. C. pringlei. Calyx lobes minute, as broad as long; leaves sericeous beneath, at least along the veins._--------------------------------- 4. C. protracta. 1. Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 18. 1760. Guettarda armata Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Chomelia filipes Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhava Vid. Medd. 41. 1852. Anisomeris purpusit T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America and Colombia; type from Cartagena, Colombia. Shrub, armed at the axils with long stout spines; leaves petiolate, rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, pilose beneath, especially along the veins; cymes few-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla sericeous, the tube 12 to 22 mm. long; fruit 9 to 12 mm. long. 2. Chomelia barbata Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 7. 1923. Type from Chacahua, Distrito de Juquila, Oaxaca. Leaves slender-petiolate, the blades elliptic, 3.5 to 5.5 em. long, obtuse or acutish, rounded to acute at base, densely barbate beneath along the costa; cymes few-flowered, on very slender peduncles; calyx lobes minute; corolla appressed- pilosulous; fruit white, 2-celled, oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 3. Chomelia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 137. 1891. Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi. Shrub or small tree, 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oval, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate; cymes 3 to 6-Sowered; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long, short-pilose; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long. 1384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 4. Chomelia protracta (Bartl.) Standl. Cuettarda protracta Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Antirrhea protracta Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 42. 1881. Guerrero to Oaxaca. Guatemala and Honduras. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, long-acuminate, acute at base; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla serice- ous, the tube 7 to 10 mm. long; fruit oval, 4 to 5 mm. long. 30. GUETTARDA L. Sp. Pl. 991. 1753. Shrubs or trees; flowers small, perfect, in axillary, bifureate or congested cymes, sometimes solitary, usually secund; calyx truneate or dentate; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube elongate, the lobes obtuse, imbricate; fruit drupaceous, the flesh very thin, the stone hard, 4 to 9-celled, the cells 1-seeded. Leaves cordate or subcordata at base, mostly 10 to 14 cm. wide_1. G. seleriana. Leaves acute to rounded at base, less than 10 cm. wide. Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves of spreading hairs.__2. G. filipes. Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves of appressed hairs. . Leaves loosely tomentose on the upper surface when young.3. G. galeottii. Leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface. Stipules obtuse; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long____________. 4. G. dichotoma. Stipules acuminate; corolla 9 to 12 mm. long........-.._5. G. elliptica. 1. Guettarda seleriana (Loesener) Standl. Guettarda scabra seleriana Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 361. 1922. Type from Chichen Itz4, Yucatan. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, rounded or rounded-elliptic, 12 to 16 em. long, obtuse or acutish, green and glabrate above, beneath paler, in age hirtellous- puberulent, when young sericeous-strigose; cymes many-flowered, on elongate peduncles; corolla tube about 2 em. long, densely retrorse-sericeous. 2. Guettarda filipes Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 210. 1919. Sinaloa and Durango; type from Huasemote, Durango. Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3 to 5.5 em. long, obtuse or short-acuminate; cymes few-flowered, on long slender peduncles; corolla sericeous, the tube 6 to 7 mm. long. “ Negrito” (Sinaloa). 3. Guettarda galeottii Standl., sp. nov. Type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca (Galeotti 2576; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 572993). Branchlets densely pilose-sericeous; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, attenuate-acuminate; leaves opposite, the petioles 2 to 4 mm. long, the blades ovate or oval-ovate, 3 to 5 em. long, 1.7 to 2.7 cm. wide, rounded at base, acutely acuminate at apex, loosely and thinly tomentose above when young, becoming glabrate, paler beneath, appressed-pilose, especially along the nerves; cymes dense, many-flowered, the peduncles 1 to 1.5 em. long, densely pilose, the flowers sessile, the bractlets minute; hypanthium densely pilose, the calyx very sparsely short-pilose, 0.5 mm. long, truncate or obscurely lobate; corolla sericeous outside, the tube slender, 7 mm. long, the 4 lobes rounded, about 1 mm. long. 4. Guettarda dichotoma Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 233. 1844. Type from Consoquitla, Veracruz. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate, 5 cm. long, acutish, glabrous above; corolla sericeous. 5. Guettarda elliptica Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 59. 1788. ?Guettarda tetrandra Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 218. 1894. Guettarda insularis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 416. 1924. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1385 Sinaloa to Colima; Socorro Island; Yueatain. Southern Florida; West Indies; type from Jamaica. Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves petiolate, usually oval, 1 to 7 em. long, usually rounded or obtuse and apiculate at apex, truncate to acute at base, appressed-pilose or glabrate above; cymes 1 to 9-flowered; corolla white, sericeous; fruit subglobose, purplish, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter, 2 to 4-celled. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. GuETTARDA DEALBATA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 232. 1844. Type from Oaxaca. Scarcely of this genus. Hemsley reports G. odorata Lam., G. parviflora Vahl, and G. scabra Lam. from Mexico, but the writer has seen no Mexican specimens of these species. The specimens reported as G. parviflora are probably G. elliptica. 31. ERITHALIS P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759. 1. Erithalis fruticosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759. Yucatén. Southern Florida; West Indies and Central America. Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, orbicular to oblong- obovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, acute to rounded at base, coriaceous, glabrous; flowers white, in axillary, usually many-flowered, peduncu- late cymes; calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla 4 to 10 mm. long, glabrous, the lobes oblong-linear, obtuse; fruit drupaceous, globose, 2.5 to 4 mm. in diameter, black, composed of 5 to 10 carpels. 32. CHIOCOCCA P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 917. 1759. Shrubs or small trees, often scandent or sarmentose; flowers small, usually white, in axillary, simple or paniculate, usually secund racemes; calyx 5-lobate, persistent; corolla funnelform, the 5 lobes spreading or reflexed, valvate; fruit small, drupaceous, compressed, orbicular, composed of 2 1-seeded carpels. Anthers nearly or quite equaling the corolla lobes, sometimes longer, the filaments exserted_________._------------------------------ 1. C. phaenostemon. Anthers only slightly exceeding the corolla tube or included, the filaments wholly included. Leaves pubescent_-_------------------------------ oe 2. C. pubescens. Leaves glabrous. Limb of the corolla 8 to 10 mm. wide; calyx lobes semiorbicular or nearly obsolete; leaves mostly 3.5 to 6 cm. wide; fruit only slightly compressed __-------------------------------- 3. C. pachyphylla. Limb of the corolla 3 to 6 mm. wide; calyx lobes usually acute; leaves mostly narrower; fruit strongly compressed__-.----------- 4. C. alba. 1. Chiococca phaenostemon Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 594. 1834. Chiococca staminea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11?: 231. 1844. Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Large shrub; leaves short-petiolate, mostly ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 4 to 10.5 cm. long, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous; racemes usually paniculate; corolla 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit compressed, 5 to 7 mm. long. ‘‘Jazmin de novia”’ (Veracruz). 2. Chiococca pubescens Standl. Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 20: 209. 1919. Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, short-acuminate; racemes few-flowered; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit pubescent. 1386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 3. Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 51: 323. 1913. Nuevo Leén to Veracruz; type collected between Acatl4n and Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Shrub or tree, glabrous except in the inflorescence; leaves petiolate, elliptic- oblong to ovate, 7 to 14 cm. long, short-acuminate, coriaceous; racemes panicu- late; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long, reddish outside; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. 4. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitche. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893. Lonicera alba L. Sp. Pl. 175. 1753. Chiococca racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 917. 1759. Chiococca macrocarpa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 230. 1844. Chiococca coriacea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 231. 1844. Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatdén, and Chiapas. Florida; West Indies; Central and South America; type from Jamaica. Shrub, sometimes scandent; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to oval, 2.5 to 9 em. long, usually short-acuminate; racemes simple or paniculate; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long, white or yellowish white; fruit white, 4 to 8 mm. long. “Suelda con suelda,” “oreja de ratén” (Lumholtz); “xeanchac-ché”’ (Yucatén, Maya); “‘cainca” (Herrera; Colombia); “canica,” “caninana” (Ramirez); ‘perlilla”’ (Sessé & Mocifio); ‘“madreselva”’ (Nicaragua); “‘bejuco de berac”’ (Porto Rico); ““bejuco de berraco” (Cuba); “ldgrimas de San Pedro,” ‘“‘aceitillo”’ (El Salva- dor); ‘“‘légrimas de Marfa’? (Panama). The plant was formerly used in Brazil as a remedy for dropsy and has been so used in Europe. It is reported to have diuretic, acrid, tonic, astringent, vomi- tive, and pectoral properties, and has been employed for venereal diseases, rheumatism, and other affections. The leaves are sometimes applied as poultices to sores. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SIPHONANDRA MEXICANA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 212: 581. 1848. Type from Oaxaca. The genus has been referred to Chiococca, but the position of the plant is doubtful. 33. ASEMNANTHE Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 106. 1873. A single species is known. 1, Asemnanthe pubescens Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 107. 1873. Yucatan. Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or ovate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, densely pilose beneath; flowers yellow, in few-flowered axillary fascicles; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes lance-linear, persistent; corolla urceolate-tubular, longer than the calyx lobes, short-pilose, the limb with 4 small lobes; fruit drupaceous, suborbicular, compressed, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, pubescent, the cells 1-seeded. 34. PLACOCARPA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 107. 1873. A single species is known. 1. Placocarpa mexicana Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 108. 1873. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba, Veracruz. Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or obovate-oblong, 1 to 2 em. long, acute or obtuse, acute at base, glabrous; flowers axillary, solitary , pedicellate; calyx lobes obovate-oblong, 4 mm. long, obtuse; corolla white, salverform, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long, the 4 lobes oval, rounded at apex; fruit laterally compressed, 2-celled, separating into 2 indehiscent cocci. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1387 35. COFFEA L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. 1. Coffea arabica L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753. Cultivated in Mexico and in some localities naturalized. Native of tropical Africa; cultivated in all tropical regions. Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-oval to lance- elliptic, 9 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, lustrous; flowers white, glomerate in the leaf axils; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla salverform, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the 5 lobes acute; fruit baccate, oval or subglobose, 10 to 16 mm. long, red, the 2 seeds semiellipsoid, 8 to 12 mm. long, sulcate on the inner side. “Café.” Coffee is grown in most of the warmer regions of Mexico and it is one of the important agricultural products of the country. The most important states in coffee production are Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Tabasco, but Veracruz is reported to produce a larger amount than all the other states combined. The shrub is said to have been cultivated first at Cérdoba. It is reported to be abundant in the wild state in some parts of Veracruz. Coffea liberica Hiern, the Liberian coffee, also is cultivated in Mexico. It is distinguished by having a 6 to 8-lobed corolla. It can be grown at lower levels than C. arabica, and is more robust and productive. 36. STRUMPFIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 8. 1760. 1. Strumpfia maritima Jacq. bnum. Pl. Carib. 28. 1760. Yucatén. Florida Keys; West Indies; type from Jamaica. Densely branched shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves ternate, linear, 1 to 3 em. long, acute, rigid, whitish-tomentulose beneath, the margins revolute; flowers in axillary pedunculate few-flowered racemes; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes persistent; corolla pink, deeply 5-lobate, 3 to 4 mm. long, sericeous or tomentu- lose; fruit drupaceous, white, 4 mm. in diameter, 1 or 2-celled. ‘‘Lirio”’ (Porto Rico). : In the West Indies the plant is reported to have been used as a remedy for fevers. 37. RUDGEA Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 8: 327. 1807. 1. Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Cald. Lista Pl. El Salvador 274. 1925. Psychotria fimbriata Benth. Journ. Bot. Hook. 3: 226. 1841. Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type from the Essequibo River, British Guiana. Glabrous shrub; leaves very short-petiolate, elliptic to lance-elliptic, mostly 9 to 15 em. long, long-acuminate, acute or acuminate at base; flowers whitish, in small terminal panicles, the flowers mostly short-pedicellate; calyx truncate; corolla about 5 mm. long; fruit white, subglobose, 6 mm. in diameter. ‘‘Hua- taco’’ (Costa Rica). 38. PSYCHOTRIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 929. 1759. Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes, panicles, or corymbs; calyx tube short, the limb truncate or lobate; corolla funnelform, the tube short or elongate, straight, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; fruit drupaceous, con- taining two 1-seeded nutlets. Inflorescences all axillary....-------------------------- 1. P. anomothyrsa. Inflorescences mostly terminal, sometimes borne in the forks of the branches. Leaves pubescent or puberulent beneath, usually densely so, sometimes merely villous or barbate along the costa. Bracts much exceeding the calyx, even in fruit...--------- 2. P. purpusii. 1388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Bracts small and inconspicuous. Branchlets usually glabrous. Corolla about 15 mm. long; leaves barbate beneath along the costa. 3. P. pinularis. Corolla 5 mm. long or less; leaves not barbate beneath. 4. P. horizontalis. Branchlets pubescent, puberulent, or villous. Cymes sessile, branching from the base. Stipules large, brown, sheathing, finally split along one side. 5. P. undata. Stipules short-deltoid, not sheathing...________ 6. P. pulverulenta. Cymes pedunculate. Stipules large and sheathing, brown___________ 7. P. erythrocarpa. Stipules small, greenish, not sheathing. Corolla minutely granular-puberulent_.________ 8. P. pubescens. Corolla hirtellous or villosulous_______________. 9. P. hebeclada. Leaves glabrous beneath. Bracts large and conspicuous. Bracts obtuse; inflorescence loosely branched________ 10. P. chiapensis. Bracts long-acuminate; inflorescence headlike or trichotomous. 11. P. involucrata. Bracts small and inconspicuous. Stipules persistent, greenish, bilobate. Branches of the inflorescence reflexed__..._.__.._____. 12. P. patens. Branches not reflexed_......____.____.......____. 13. P. cuspidata. Leaves coriaceous, broadly obovate, broadest above the middle. 14. P. oerstediana. Leaves thin, broadest at or near the middle. Calyx lobes short, ovate or deltoid, often obtuse. Leaves mostly elliptic and 6 to 11 em. wide___.15. P. trichotoma. Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong or lance-elliptic, 1.5 to 5 em. wide. 16. P. papantlensis. Calyx lobes elongate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Leaves mostly elliptic and 3 to 6 cm. wide____ 4. P. horizontalis. Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. wide. 17. P. oaxacana. 1, Psychotria anomothyrsa K. Schum. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 3. 1903. Chiapas. Central America to Peru; type from Cubilquitz, Guatemala. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic to oblong, 15 to 25 em. long, acuminate; flowers white, in axillary pedunculate panicles; corolla about 6 mm. long; fruit white. P. nicotianaefolia Mart. & Gal. is probably closely related to this species if not identical with it. 2. Psychotria purpusii Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas (Purpus 7012; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 567269). Branchlets sordid-villous; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic, 9 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at base, fulvous-villosulous above, densely villosulous beneath; flowers in terminal long-pedunculate corymbs about 5 em. broad; bracts foliaceous, equaling or longer than the flowers, the sesessile or short- pedicellate; corolla 8 mm. long in bud, densely villous; fruit 6 mm. long, deeply sulcate, villous. 1 Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 229. 1844. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1389 3. Psychotria pinularis Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 57. 1894. Sinaloa to Guerrero. West Indies and South America; type from Porto Rico. Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves mostly obovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse to short- acuminate, attenuate to the base, thin, glabrous except for tufts of hairs beneath in the axils of the lateral nerves; cymes few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate, white. ‘‘Crucecilla’’ (Sinaloa). 4, Psychotria horizontalis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 44. 1788. Sinaloa to Chiapas. Greater Antilles; Central America and northern South America. Shrub, 4 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly or broadly elliptic, 5 to 12 cm. long, long or short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, rufous- villous beneath along the costa or glabrous; cymes slender-pedunculate, usually many-flowered; fruit red. 5. Psychotria undata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 5. pl. 260. 1798. Psychotria rufescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 364. 1818. Veracruz; Oaxaca (?). Florida; West Indies; Central America. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; stipules thin, brown, deciduous; leaves elliptic- oblong to elliptic, 15 cm. long or less, acuminate, pubescent or glabrate; inflor- escence fulvous-villous; corolla white; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long, red, glabrous or pubescent. ‘‘Huesito” (Panama). Psychotria sessilifolia Mart. & Gal.,' described from Veracruz, is perhaps to be referred here. 6. Psychotria pulverulenta Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 456. 1913. Reported from Mexico (San Luis Potos{ ?) by Urban. Florida; Greater Antilles; Cuba. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, pilosulous or puberulent beneath; cymes often borne in the forks of the branches; corolla 3 mm. long, glabrous; fruit 10-costate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long. 7%. Psychotria erythrocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 595. 1834. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potos{ to Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Shrub, the branchlets densely pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, mostly obovate or oblong-obovate, 4 to 9 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, obtuse to attenuate at base, densely pubescent beneath; cymes short and small, usually 2 to 3 em. wide; corolla pubescent; fruit red, pubescent. Closely related and perhaps not specifically different is Mapouria chamissoana Loesener (Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 112. 1923). 8. Psychotria pubescens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 44. 1788. Guerrero to Veracruz. West Indies and Central America. Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate to elliptic, 6 to 14 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, thin, finely puberulent beneath; inflorescence corymbose, loosely many-flowered, pubescent; corolla white, about 4 mm. long; fruit red. 9. Psychotria hebeclada DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Veracruz and Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere. Central America and Panama. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches densely pubescent; leaves short- petiolate, lance-oblong to elliptic, 7 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, acute to attenuate at base, thin; inflorescence corymbose, the flowers white or pinkish; fruit 3.5 mm. broad. ‘Huesito” (Panama). 1 Bull. Acad. Brux. 11': 228. 1844. 1390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Psychotria aureola Bartl.,! P. justicioides Schlecht.,? and P. bracteolata Mart. & Gal. all appear to be closely related to this species, judging from descriptions. 10. Psychotria chiapensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas (Purpus 6963; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567237). Branchlets obscurely villosulous or glabrate; stipules green, persistent, 3 to 4 mm. long, bilobate, the lobes broad, obtuse; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic, 11.5 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 10 em. wide, short-acuminate, acute at base, thin, glabrous; cymes pedunculate or sessile, trichotomous, 5 to 7 em. broad, many- flowered, the flowers sessile, the bracts broad, rounded at apex; calyx limb 5 to 6 mm. long, puberulent, denticulate; corolla in bud 1.5 em. long, nearly glabrous. 11. Psychotria involucrata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Shrub, glabrous nearly throughout; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 8 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence at first dense and headlike, pedunculate, in age branched; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long, sharply costate. 12. Psychotria patens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 45. 1788. Psychotria flexuosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 966. 1798. Chiapas. Greater Antilles; Central America to Bolivia. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 5 to 14 cm. long, usually long-acuminate; panicles long-pedunculate, narrow and thyrsiform; corolla white, 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit blue or black, 3 to 5 mm. broad. 13. Psychotria cuspidata Bredemeyer; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 192. 1819. ; Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Cuba; Central America to Brazil. Slender shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate to elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, 7 to 18 cm. long, usually cuspidate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, thin, lustrous; panicles small, 1 to 3 em. broad ; corolla about 4 mm. long; fruit didymous, 4 mm. broad. 14. Psychotria oerstediana Standl. Mapouria obovata Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 3, 4. 1868. Psychotria obovata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Not P. obovata Ruiz & Pav. 1799. Veracruz. Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 6 to 13 em. long, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, pale green; inflorescence short and dense at anthesis, open in fruit, sessile or nearly so; corolla about 5 mm. long; fruit glabrous. 15. Psychotria trichotoma Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!:227. 1844, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from the region of Jalapa and Mirador, Veracruz. Guatemala. Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, 10 to 25 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence usually large and much branched, puberulent; fruit sometimes 1 cm. long. 1 DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. 2 Linnaea 9: 596, 1834. ® Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 228, 1844, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1391 16. Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Mapouria salicifolia Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 2. 1863. ?Mapouria stipulata Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 7. 1863. ?Mapouria miradorensis Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 9. 1863. Psychotria salicifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 51. 1881. Not P. salicifolia H. B. K. 1818. San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; Yucatdn (?); type from Papantla, Veracruz. Small shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, 5 to 17 cm. long, acumi- nate, attenuate at base; cymes mostly sessile or nearly so, dense or in age open, the flowers white. ‘‘Cancerillo” (Yucatdn), ‘‘pochitoco” (Veracruz). 17. Psychotria oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Type from Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, altitude 480 meters (Nelson 2688; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 574444). Branches slender, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 4 to 7 em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, long-acuminate, acute or attenu- ate at base, thin, glabrous, blackish when dry; cymes on long slender peduncles, 1 to 2 cm. wide, the flowers short-pedicellate, glabrous; calyx lobes lance-subulate; corolla 3 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; anthers exserted. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. PsycHoTrRIA BIARISTATA Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type from some- where in Mexico; reported from Oaxaca. PsYCHOTRIA LIMONENSIS LAXINERVIA Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 361. 1922. Type from Palenque, Chiapas. The species was described from the Atlantic coast of Costa Rica. PsycHoTrRIA PADIFOLIA Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Type from Jalapa, Veracruz. PsycuHorriA scaBRiuscuLa Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 18380. Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. PsycHOTRIA TOMENTOSA (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 51. 1881. Mapouria tomentosa Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 8 1863. Type from Papantla, Veracruz. 39. EVEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 103. 1775. Shrubs or small trees; flowers in terminal heads, these subtended by large or small, sessile, often connate bracts; calyx dentate, persistent; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube straight, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit drupaceous, containing 2 bony nutlets, these smooth or costate, 1-seeded. Plante: Direute.. 26 a eee eee eee 1. E. tomentosa. Plants glabrous or nearly so. Leaves petiolate; stipules bilobate, not setiferous_....----------- 2. E. elata. Leaves sessile; stipules setiferous, not bilobate.__-..------ 3. E. chiapensis. 1. Evea tomentosa (Aubl.) Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 160. 1775. Cephaelis tomentosa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796. Cephaelis hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 135. 1844. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Central and South America. Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, hirsute throughout; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; heads long- pedunculate, the bracts 3 to 6 cm. broad, bright red; corolla yellow. 57020—26—_6 é 1392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2. Evea elata (Swartz) Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Cephaelis elata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Cephaelis punicea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796. Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies and Central America. Shrub; leaves oblong-oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, acu- minate, acute to attenuate at base; heads often trichotomous, the bracts large, red or purplish. 3. Evea chiapensis Standl., sp. nov. Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas (Purpus 6928; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 567214). Glabrous shrub; leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm. long, long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, thin, very lustrous above; heads terminal, the peduncles about 1 cm. long; bracts green, 12 to 15 mm. long, acute, short-connate. 40. PALICOUREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 172. 1775. Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, in chiefly terminal, usually thyrsiform panicles, sometimes corymbose; calyx entire or 5-lobate; corolla tube elongate, straight or curved, often gibbous, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit baccate, usually containing 2 1-seeded nutlets. Calyx lobate; flowers in pedunculate panicles. _._..___-___- 1. P. galeottiana. Calyx truncate; flowers in sessile corymbs_________________- 2. P. nigrescens. 1. Palicourea galeottiana Mart. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 136, 1844. ?Psychotria mexicana Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Palicourea mexicana Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 37. 1853. Palicourea costaricensis Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 38. 1853. Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Oaxaca. Central America and Panama. Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules bilobate; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; panicles longer or shorter than the leaves, the branches yellowish or red- dish; corolla orange, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter. 2. Palicourea nigrescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 136. 1844. Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, glabrous or nearly so; corymbs much shorter than the leaves; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm. long. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. PALICOUREA GARDENIOIDES (Scheidw.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 52. 1881. Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenzeit 10: 286. 1842. Veracruz. 41. PAEDERIA L. Mant. Pl. 1: 7. 1767. 1. Paederia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903. Guerrero and Morelos; type from Yautepec, Morelos, altitude 1,385 meters. Slender shrub, scandent to a height of 6 meters; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 8 em. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, villous beneath or finally glabrate; flowers in lax axillary cymes or panicles; calyx lobes linear or lanceolate; corolla funnelform, 12 to 14 mm. long; fruit oval, 10 to 12 mm. long, glabrous, strongly compressed, 2-celled, cach cell 1-seeded. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1393 42. FARAMEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 102. 1775. 1. Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 176. 1834. Izora occidentalis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 893. 1759. Faramea odoratissima DC. Prodr. 4: 496. 1830. Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America. Glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high; bark smooth, gray; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly oblong to oval, 6 to 18 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, acute at base, coriaceous, lustrous; flowers white, fragrant, in terminal and axillary, lax, few-flowered cymes, pedicellate; calyx truncate; corolla salverform, the tube about 17 mm. long, the lobes narrow, 12 mm. long; fruit nearly 1 cm. in diameter, drupaceous, finally black, 1-celled, 1-seeded; sapwood thin, nearly white, the heartwood darker, tinged with yellow, hard, moderately heavy, very tough, close-grained, taking a good polish. ‘Hueso” (Veracruz, Ramirez) ; ‘‘huesito’”’ (Panama); ‘‘palo de toro,” ‘‘cafetillo” (Porto Rico); ‘café cimarrén,” “nabaco,” “jujano”’ (Cuba); ‘‘eafecillo”’ (El Salvador). 43. MORINDA L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753. 1. Morinda yucatanensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 262. 1907. Yucatin; type from Izamal. Shrub, subscandent; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to oblong-obovate or elliptic, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, pubescent, especially beneath; flowers in short-pedunculate or sessile, globose heads 12 mm. or less in diameter, coalescent in fruit; calyx truncate; corolla tubular-funnelform, 7 mm. long, the limb 5-lobate; fruit a succulent syncarp; nutlets 6 mm. long, smooth. ‘Joyoc,” ‘‘xo-yen-cab”’ (Maya). The Yucatdn plant has been referred to M. royoc L., a closely related species of Central America and the West Indies. 44, ERNODEA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 29. 1788. 1. Ernodea litoralis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 29. 1788. Yueataén. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Honduras, on coastal rocks and sands. Prostrate or spreading shrub; leaves crowded, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 1 to 2.5 em. long, acute, narrowed below, sessile or nearly so, coriaceous, leathery, glabrous, 3-nerved; flowers yellow, solitary and sessile in the leaf axils; calyx 4 to 6-lobate, the lobes lance-subulate; corolla funnelform, the tube 1 cm. long, the 4 to 6 lobes narrow, valvate; fruit drupaceous, 2-celled, yellow, 4 to 6 mm. long, the nutlets cartilaginous, united, 1-seeded. 45. TRIODON DC. Prodr. 4: 566. 1830. 1. Triodon angulatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 70. 1840. Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; reported from Tabasco or Yucatan; type from Teotoleingo, Oaxaca. Guatemala. Erect or prostrate shrub, glabrous or puberulent; leaves oblong to elliptic, 4 to 20 mm. long, opposite or often appearing verticillate, obtuse or acute, short- petiolate; flowers clustered in the leaf axils; calyx 4-dentate; corolla about 2 mm. long; fruit small, dicoccous, 2-seeded. 46. GALIUM L. Sp. Pl. 105. 1753. Herbs or rarely shrubs; leaves verticillate; flowers small, usually in axillary or terminal cymes, white or yellow; calyx limb obsolete; corolla rotate, commonly 4-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit didymous, dry or fleshy, 2-celled, indehiscent. Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. 1394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Fruit hirsute_..___________________----_-- -_-- ee ------- 1. G. stellatum. Fruit glabrous______._..___._--__-_-__-_-_- ee +e 2. G. angulosum. 1. Galium stellatum Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 97. f. 26. 1863. Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Utah, Arizona, and southern Cali- fornia. Much-branched shrub, 60 cm. high or less, the branchlets hirtellous; leaves in 4’s or 5’s, linear-lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 15 mm. long, 1-nerved; corolla white. 2. Galium angulosum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 74. 1876. Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Branchlets hirsute-pubescent; leave in whorls of 4 to 7, linear-oblong or elliptic- oblong, 6 to 10 mm. long, acute; corolla greenish white. DOUBTFUL GENERA. BERGHESIA COCCINEA Nees, Linnaea 20: 702. 1847. Type from somewhere in Mexico. 154. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family. Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, usually estipulate; flowers perfect, regular or irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 3 to 5-dentate or lobate; corolla gamopetalous, the limb regular or irregular, often bilabiate, the 5 lobes imbricate; stamens usually 5, inserted on the corolla tube; style simple or parted; ovules usually solitary in the cell; fruit baccate, drupaceous, or dry, 1 to 5-celled. Leaves pinnate_.._.......--.----------------------------- 1. SAMBUCUS. Leaves simple. Corolla rotate or nearly so____._.__-. ----_--------------- 2. VIBURNUM. Corolla tubular or funnelform. Fruit dry; flowers in terminal cymes______________--_------- 3. ABELIA. Fruit fleshy; flowers mostly axillary, or in terminal spikes or heads. Cells of the ovary 1-ovulate; plants erect; flowers mostly sessile in the TORE BX nescence eeos cesses 4. SYMPHORICARPOS. Cells of the ovary many-ovulate; plants erect or scandent; flowers never sessile in the axils.........:..----..----.-------- 5. LONICERA. 1. SAMBUCUS L. Sp. Pl. 269. 1753. Shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets serrate; flowers small, white, in terminal flat-topped cymes; calyx 3 to 5-dentate; corolla rotate, 3 to 5-lobate; fruit a small drupe, containing 3 to 5 1-seeded nutlets. The English name for plants of the genus is ‘‘elderberry.’’ The fruit of all species is edible and is often used in the United States for pies and for making wine. The stems contain a large amount of pith. A decoction of the stems is employed by some of the Indians for dyeing baskets black. In Europe the leaves and flowers have been used for dyeing leather yellow, and the bark or wood, with alum and iron salts, for dyeing green or brown. In Germany oil has been extracted from the seeds, and the flowers are used to flavor wine. The flowers of S. canadensis L. were formerly official in the United States Pharmacopoeia, and those of the Old World S. nigra L. are now official in some of the European pharmacopoeias. They have gently excitant and sudorific properties. The fruit is diaphoretic and aperient and has been used as an alterative in treating rheumatism and syphilis. The inner bark is a hydragogue cathartic and in large doses emetic. It has been employed for dropsy and epilepsy. Leaflets pubescent on one or both surfaces; fruit not glaucous._1. S. mexicana. Leaflets glabrous; fruit glaucous_..........------------------ 2. S. caerulea. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1395 1. Sambucus mexicana Presl; DC. Prodr. 4: 322. 1830. Sambucus bipinnata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830. Widely distributed in Mexico, especially in cultivation. Western Texas to southern California; Central America. Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter, the bark thick, gray, scaly; leaflets usually 5, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oval, 3 to 12 cm. long, short-acuminate, pale; cymes 6 to 20 em. broad; corolla 5 to 8 mm. broad; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, nearly black; wood soft, coarse-grained, brownish, its specific gravity about 0.46. Usually known in Mexico as “satico”’; “azumiatl’ (Veracruz); “cumdemba,” “eumdumba” (Tarascan); ‘‘xumetl’’ (Urbina); ‘‘nttzirza’”’ (Otomf); “bixhumi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘“yutnu- cate’? (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); “shiiksh’’ (Mixe, Belmar); ‘“‘coyopa’”’ (Zoque, Gonzales). The fruit is used in Mexico for various purposes. Some of the Indians of southern California dried it for winter use. The flowers have a heavy odor. They are used medicinally in Mexico, and other parts of the plant are used much as described above. The leaves are sometimes bound upon the forehead to relieve headache. Sambucus mexicana bipinnata (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schwerin! is a form with bipinnate leaves. It was described from Jalapa, Veracruz. 2. Sambucus caerulea Raf. Alsogr. Amer. 48. 1838. Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 13. 1841. Sambucus neomexicana Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 309. 1898. Northern Baja California, Sonora, and Chihuahua. Western United States. Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 45 cm. in diameter; bark dark brown, fissured and scaly; leaflets 5 or 7, lanceolate or oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, attenuate; cymes 10 to 15 cm. broad; corolla 4 to 6 mm. broad; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, bluish black; wood soft, weak, coarse-grained, dark yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.50. ‘Satico” (California). 2. VIBURNUM L. Sp. Pl. 267. 1753. Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or toothed; flowers small, white, in dense cymes; calyx 5-dentate; corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, regular, 5-lobate; fruit drupaceous, 1 to 3-celled. ; Numerous species of the genus (mostly known as “black haw’’) grow in the United States. The fruit is edible, but in most cases insipid. The leaves of some species have been used in the southern United States as a substitute for Chinese tea. Lateral nerves of the leaves straight, prominent, extending to the margin; leaves conspicuously dentate, often cordate at base, sometimes densely stellate- tomentose beneath. Calyx lobes lanceolate, equaling the corolla-------------- 1. V. stenocalyx. Calyx lobes obtuse, much shorter than the corolla. Cymes long-pedunculate, the peduncles longer than the cymes. Leaves densely grayish-tomentose beneath ------------ 2. V. loeseneri. Leaves green beneath, sparsely pubescent------- 3. V. membranaceum, Cymes short-pedunculate, the peduncles equaling or shorter than the cymes. Leaves covered beneath with a dense close whitish tomentum. 4, V. microcarpum. Leaves glabrate beneath or with a loose coarse tomentum. Calyx lobes not ciliate___-.------------------------ 5. V. ciliatum. 1 Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1909: 34, 328. 1909. 1396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Calyx lobes ciliate. Leaves gradually acute or acuminate_._.____- 6. V. rhombifolium. Leaves abruptly acuminate or caudate-acuminate. Calyx hirtellous; leaves pilose on the upper surface. 7. V. tiliaefolium. Calyx merely glandular; leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface.............-.-.---------- 8. V. caudatum. Lateral nerves of the leaves curved, inconspicuous, anastomosing before reaching the margin; leaves entire or nearly so, not cordate at base, never densely stellate-pubescent beneath. Cymes sessile. Leaves broadly rounded at apex, remotely dentate or entire. 9. V. cuneifolium. Leaves obtuse to acuminate, usually entire..__.___._____- 10. V. elatum. Cymes pedunculate. Peduncles and branchlets glabrous___.______________ 11. V. acutifolium. Peduncles and branchlets variously pubescent. Leaves pulverulent-tomentose beneath___.-._________- 12. V. sulcatum. Leaves glabrous beneath or with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves obtusely acuminate; branches of the inflorescence hirtellous. 13. V. hartwegii. Leaves acutely acuminate; branches of the inflorescence finely stellate- pubescent. Calyx lobes acute; leaves entire_..._______- 14. V. microphyllum. Calyx lobes obtuse; leaves remotely dentate____- 15. V. stellatum. 1. Viburnum stenocalyx (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881. Oreinotinus stenocalyx Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 285. 1861. Type from somewhere in Mexico. Branches villous-tomentose; leaves oblong-ovate, 6 to 7.5 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse at base, irregularly dentate, stellate-pubescent; cymes pedunculate; calyx tube glandular. 2. Viburnum loeseneri Graebn. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 244. 1913. Described from Mexico, probably from Veracruz. Branchlets densely stellate-pilose; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, sparsely pilose above, entire or obscurely crenate-dentate; cymes dense, 6 to 15-flowered, the branches stellate-tomentose. 38. Viburnum membranaceum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 2. 1881. Oreinotinus membranaceus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 284. 1861. Nuevo Leén to Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de San Juan, Oaxaca. Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 3 to 5.5 em. long, acuminate, cordate at base, coarsely serrate-dentate, glabrate above; calyx tube glandular or glabrate, the lobes obtuse. 4. Viburnum microcarpum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 179. 1830. Viburnum microcarpum evanescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 313. 1900. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Miguel del Soldado, Veracruz. Shrub or tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves rounded-ovate or suborbicular, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, dentate, green and glabrate above; cymes broad, many-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 4 mm. broad. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1397 5. Viburnum ciliatum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 251. 1905. Type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,680 meters; Guerrero (?). Branchlets glandular or glabrate; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, short-acuminate, cordate at base, dentate, ciliate, nearly glabrous; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 5 mm. broad. 6. Viburnum rhombifolium (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881. Oreinotinus rhombifolius Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 283. 1861. Mountains of Mexico and Veracruz; type from Mount Orizaba, altitude 2,700 meters. Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, the branchlets stellate-pilose; leaves oblong- ovate, ovate, or rhombic, 5 to 15 cm. long, coarsely serrate-dentate, appressed- pilose or glabrate above, loosely stellate-pilose beneath; calyx lobes obtuse. 7. Viburnum tiliaefolium (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881. Oreinotinus tiliaefolius Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 282. 1861. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Mirador and Jalapa, Veracruz. Branchlets loosely tomentose; leaves broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 7 to 13 em. long, cordate or rounded at base, thin, irregularly sinuate-dentate, ciliate; cymes broad, many-flowered; corolla 7 mm. broad. 8. Viburnum caudatum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 250. 1905. Type collected near Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; leaves rounded- ovate or rhombic, 9 to 11 cm. long, cordate or subcordate at base, obscurely sinuate-dentate or entire, nearly glabrous beneath; cymes broad, many-flowered; corolla 6 to 7 mm. broad. 9. Viburnum cuneifolium Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 635. 1909. Type collected in the Sierra Madre above Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, altitude 750 meters. Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets ferruginous-furfuraceous; leaves mostly suborbicular, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla 6 mm. broad. Probably only a form of V. elatum. 10. Viburnum elatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840. Viburnum densum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840. Michoacdn to San Luis Potosi and Mexico; type from Tlapujahua, Michoacan. Large shrub or small tree, the branchlets furfuraceous; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at base, glabrous; fruit black, about 1 cm. long. “Tlamahuacatl”’ (Ramirez). 11. Viburnum acutifolium Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840. Oreinotinus fuscus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 289. 1861. Viburnum fuscum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 2. 1881. Oaxaca; type from Cerro Pelado. Leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, acutely acuminate, acute to rounded at base, entire, glabrous, pale beneath; fruit black, 6 to 7 mm. long. 12. Viburnum sulcatum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881. Oreinotinus sulcatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 287. 1861. Type from Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca. Branchlets fuscous-tomentose; leaves ovate, about 7 cm. long, obtusely acu- minate, entire, glabrous above. 1398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 13. Viburnum hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841. Chiapas. Central America; type from mountains of Santa Marfa, Guatemala. Shrub or small tree; leaves lance-oblong to oval, 6 to 13 em. long, long-acu- minate, acute to rounded at base, pubescent or glabrate beneath; cymes large and broad; corolla 4 to 5 mm. broad; fruit about 1 em. long. “Curd” (Costa Rica). Perhaps not distinct from V. glabratum H. B. K. of Peru. The following Mexican names are reported, but they probably belong to other species: “Achichil,” ‘“sunda,”’ ‘“carindapaz’’ (Hidalgo). 14. Viburnum microphyllum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881]. Oreinotinus microphyllus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 293. 1861. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de San Pedro Alto. Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, the branchlets finely stellate-pubes- cent; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, glabrous or nearly so; fruit black, 6 to 7 mm. long. 15. Viburnum stellatum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881. Oreinotinus stellatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 292. 1861. Veracruz and Puebla; type from Mount Orizaba, at an altitude of 2,400 meters. Costa Rica. ; Branchlets stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 7.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at base, sparsely stellate-pubescent; cymes broad and many- flowered. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. VIBURNUM PARVIFLORUM Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 243. 1844, Type from Zacatepec, Oaxaca. 3. ABELIA R. Br. in Abel, Narr. Journ. China App. B. 376. 1818. Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, entire or dentate; flowers in chiefly terminal, few-flowered cymes; calyx 2 to 5-lobate; corolla tubular or funnelform, the limb 5-lobate; fruit a leathery achene. The other species are natives of Asia. Corolla 3 to 4.5 em. long_-_-____---.----ee 1. A. floribunda. Corolla about 1.5 em. long-_-------e 2. A. coriacea. 1. Abelia floribunda (Mart. & Gal.) Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 2: pl. d. 1846. Vesalea floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 242. 1844. Vesalea hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11): 242. 1844. Abelia speciosa Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 2: pl. 5. 1846. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz. Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong to rounded-ovate, 8 to 30 mm. long, obtuse, thin, ciliate, nearly entire; calyx lobes sometimes 13 mm. long, oblong or linear-lanceolate; corolla red-purple. 2. Abelia coriacea Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 53. 1880. Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosf. Leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrous, coriaceous, lustrous; calyx lobes linear, 7 mm. long or less, puberulent or hirtellous; corolla puberulent. 4. SYMPHORICARPOS Ludwig, Def. Gen. Pl. 35. 1760. Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, entire or on young branches sinuate-lobate; flowers in axillary or terminal clusters, white or pinkish; calyx 4 or 5-dentate; corolla salverform, 4 or 5-lobate; fruit a small subglobose 2-seeded berry. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1399 Anthers equaling the corolla lobes___.------------------- 1. S. microphyllus. Anthers shorter than the corolla lobes____._.------------ 2. S. rotundifolius. 1. Symphoricarpos microphyllus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 424. 1818. Symphoricarpos glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 424. pl. 295. 1818. Symphoricarpos montanus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 3: 425. pl. 296. 1818. Margaris barbigera DC. Prodr. 4: 483. 1830. ?Margaris nudiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 483. 1830. Chiococca axillaris Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 36. 1887. Coahuila to Colima, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Moran, Hidalgo. Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, pubescent or glabrate, often glaucous beneath; corolla about 1 cm. long, pinkish; fruit white. ‘Perlilla,”’ “‘perlitas” (Mexico). 2. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 66. 1853. Mountains of northeastern Sonora. New Mexico to Idaho, Washington, and California; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico. Slender shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, pubescent beneath; corolla pinkish, 6 to & mm. long; fruit white. 5. LONICERA L. Sp. Pl. 173. 1753. REFERENCE: Rehder, Synopsis of the genus Lonicera, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 27-232. pl. 1-20. 1903. Erect or scandent shrubs; leaves entire; flowers spicate, capitate, or geminate, often irregular; calyx 5-dentate; corolla tubular, funnelform, or campanulate, the limb 5-lobate or bilabiate; fruit a fleshy berry, few-seeded. Some of the Old World species of honeysuckle (Spanish, ‘‘madreselva’’) are cultivated in Mexican gardens. The flowers of the Old World L. caprifolium L. are sometimes used in Europe for making perfumery, and a syrup of the fruit has been employed for treating asthma. The fruits of all species are said to be emetic and cathartic, and that of L. zylosteum L. is reported to have caused serious poisoning. Flowers borne on axillary, mostly 2-flowered peduncles. Bracts at base of the flowers large, reddish, accrescent in age; leaves acuminate. 1. L. involucrata. Bracts small, subulate; leaves mostly obtuse or rounded at apex. 2. L. mexicana. Flowers in terminal spikes or heads. Upper leaves not united around the stem; corolla about 12 mm. long. 3. L. subspicata. Uppermost leaves united by their bases around the stem; corolla 1.7 to 5.5 em. long. Corolla funnelform, about 2 cm. long..-...--------------- 4. L. albiflora. Corolla tubular, 4 to 5.5 em. long.------------------------- 5. L. pilosa. 1. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 759. 1825. Xylosteum involucratum Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823. Lonicera mociniana DC. Prodr. 4: 336. 1830. Distegia involucrata Raf. New Fl. N. Amer. 3: 21. 1836. Mountains of Chihuahua. Western United States, Canada, and Alaska. Erect shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oval, 5 to 15 cm. long, sparsely pilose and green beneath; corolla yellow; fruit black, about 8 mm. long. 1400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 2. Lonicera mexicana (H. B. ~.) Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 65. 1903. Xylosteum mexicanum H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 8: 332. pl. 298. 1818. Lonicera gibbosa Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 257. 1819. Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Erect shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval to oblong- ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, sparsely pilose beneath; corolla pink, about 2 cm. long. 3. Lonicera subspicata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 349. 1840. Northern Baja California. California. Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval to narrowly oblong, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, rounded at apex, pubescent or glabrate beneath; spikes short or elongate, the flowers yellowish or pale pink. 4. Lonicera albiflora Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 6. 1841. Lonicera dumosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 66. 1853. Lonicera albiflora dumosa Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 179. 1903. Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila. Arizona to Texas. Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded, 3 to 5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, glaucous beneath, glabrous or pubescent; flowers capitate, white or yellowish white. The typical form of the species has glabrous leaves. The Mexican plants belong to L. albiflora dumosa, in which the leaves are pubescent beneath. 5. Lonicera pilosa (H. B. K.) Willd.; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 427. 1818. Caprifolium pilosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 427. pl. 298. 1818. Lonicera tubulosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1839. Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf and Mexico. Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glaucous beneath, glabrous or pubescent; corolla yellow or purplish. 155. GOODENIACEAE. Goodenia Family. 1. SCAEVOLA L. Mant. Pl. 2: 145. 1771. 1. Scaevola plumierii (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 36. 1791. Lobelia plumierii L. Sp. Pl. 929. 1753. Scaevola lobelia Murr. Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 178. 1774. On coastal rocks and sands, Yucatén; Clarion Island, Baja California. Flor- ida; West Indies; tropical America. Fleshy shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves alternate, obovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, short-petiolate, rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect, white, in axillary pedunculate cymes; calyx 5-lobate; ovary inferior; corolla 5-lobate, about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes nearly linear, winged, the tube split along one side; stamens 5, distinct; fruit baccate, oval, 10 to 14 mm. long, black, 2-celled, 2-seeded. “Bosborén,” ‘‘coralillo’’ (Porto Rico). Known in the Bahamas as ‘“inkberry.” The plant is said to have sudorific and, in large doses, purgative and emetic properties. It has been employed in the West Indies as a remedy for venereal diseases. 156. LOBELIACEAE. Lobelia Family. Several other genera are represented in Mexico by herbaceous species, 1. LOBELIA L. Sp. Pl. 929. 1753. Shrubs, or usually herbs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate; flowers racemose or spicate, often leafy-bracted; calyx tube adnate to the ovary; corolla tube elongate, cleft to the base along one side, the limb 5-lobate, bilabiate; stamens monadelphous, part or all of the anthers with a tuft of hairs at apex; fruit a 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate capsule. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1401 Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Leaves linear or lance-linear___------------------------ 1. L. cavanillesiana. Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate. Calyx and corolla pubescent- - ---------------------------- 2. L. laxiflora. Calyx and corolla glabrous-------------------------------- 3. L. nelsonii. 1. Lobelia cavanillesiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 43. 1819. Lobelia persicaefolia Cay. Icon. Pl. 5: 12. pl. 618. 1799. Not L. persicaefolia Lam. 1789. Lobelia laxiflora angustifolia DC. Prodr. 7: 383. 1839. Lobelia nelsonii fragilis Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 27. 1907. Baja California to Durango, San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Michoacan. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves short-petiolate, 7 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 12 mm. wide, long-attenuate, serrate, glabrous or nearly so; racemes very leafy, the flowers on elongate pedicels, pubescent or glabrous; corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long, red. 2. Lobelia laxiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 311. 1818. Lobelia rigidula H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 311. 1818. Lobelia lanceolata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 88. 1832. Siphocampylus bicolor Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 389. 1831-38. Lobelia ovalifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 301. 1839-40. Lobelia angulato-dentata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 301. 1839-40. Lobelia concolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 15. 1842. ?Lobelia regalis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 503. 1901. Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type collected between Cuajiniquilapa and Acaguisotla, Guerrero. Central America. Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, about 1 meter high; leaves sessile or short- petiolate, 6 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, serrate, usually densely pubescent beneath; racemes very leafy, the flowers borne on elongate pedicels; corolla red, 3 to 4 cm. long. ‘‘Zarcilillo” (Jalisco); “diente de chucho,” “pastorcillo,” “diente de perro” (El Salvador). 3. Lobelia nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 503. 1901. Type from Huachinango, Jalisco. Shrub with hard wood; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, serrate, sparsely hispidulous; flowers few, at the ends of the branches; corolla red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 157. ASTERACEAE. Aster Family. (Contributed by 8. F. Blake; the genera Ophryosporus and Eupatorium by B. L. Robinson, the genus Senecio by J. M. Greenman.') Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled, entire to dissected, never truly compound; flowers collected in a head (this rarely 1-flowered) on @ receptacle, surrounded by an involucre of phyllaries (bracts); corolla gamopetalous, regular, tubular, and 5-toothed (rarely 2 to 4-toothed), bilabiate, or ligulate (flattened, strap-shaped, and usually 2 to 5-toothed), rarely wanting in the pistillate flowers; stamens (in the hermaphrodite or staminate flowers) almost always 5, united by the anthers or rarely free, insert- ed on the corolla; ovary inferior, 1-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule; style usually 2-branched, the branches stigmatiferous inside, often bearing sterile appendages at apex; fruit an achene, with a single erect exalbuminous seed, often bearing a pappus of bristles, awns, or scales.—The corollas are of 4 chief sorts, 1 The vernacular names and economic notes have been contributed chiefly by Paul C. Standley. 1402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM ligulate or strap-shaped, bilabiate, tubular, and filiform. Heads composed of one kind of flowers only are called homogamous, those composed of two or more kinds heterogamous; when heterogamous, the central flowers (disk) are always herma- phrodite, the peripheral pistillate or neutral (lacking the style). Homogamous heads in which all the flowers are hermaphrodite and have ligulate (in this case always 5-toothed) corollas are called ligulate; homogamous heads in which all the corollas are tubular and hermaphrodite or staminate, or filiform and pistillate, are called discoid. Heterogamous heads in which the peripheral corollas are ligulate are called radiate; those in which the peripheral flowers are pistillate, with tubular, filiform, or abortive corollas are called disciform. The receptacle may be naked, bristly, or paleaceous (bearing pales or chaff). The generic characters are drawn to a considerable extent from the character of the pappus, which may be of bristles, awns, scales, or teeth, or reduced to a crown or cup, or entirely wanting. KEY TO TRIBES. Anthers caudate at base. Corollas all bilabiate, or else (Gochnatia) the involucre of graduate indurate phyllaries______--__-_2 22222. IX. Mutisieae. Corollas tubular or filiform; involucre not of indurate phyllaries_IV. Inuleae. Anthers not caudate at base. Style branches elongate, acute, hispidulous outside throughout their length. Heads yellow_______-_-_--_-_-_--__-_ VIII. Senecioneae. Heads white or purplish, never yellow. Achenes not 4-angled and clavate; pappus not consisting of paleae with a strong midrib_________-_________-__ I. Vernonieae. Achenes 4-angled, clavate; pappus consisting of paleae with a strong 51s 626 a ee oe eee nee VI. Helenieae. Style branches otherwise. Style branches usually elongate, linear or clavate, obtuse, not hispidulous outside or at apex, the stigmatic lines only below the middle and inconspicuous; heads never yellow_________________ II. Eupatorieae. Style branches, when elongate, hispidulous outside or at apex, the stigmatic lines reaching nearly to apex; heads often yellow. Phyllaries scarious-margined; heads nodding, small, discoid or disciform; style tips truncate, hispidulous_____.__________ VII. Anthemideae. Phyllaries not scarious-margined, or else heads not nodding or style tips acute, Receptacle paleaceous, at least in the staminate heads, or else leaves chiefly or entirely opposite; pappus not of bristles. V. Heliantheae Receptacle not paleaceous (rarely bristly), or else leaves alternate. Pappus present, chiefly or entirely of soft capillary bristles; involucre not glandular-punctate. Style tips acute.___-_____-_------8 ee III. Astereae Style tips truncate or subtruncate____ __ ____ VITI. Senecioneae. Pappus wanting or of squamellae, awns, or stiff bristles, or else in- volucre glandular-punctate. Leaves alternate (opposite in one species of Aplopappus). ITI. Astereae. Leaves opposite at least below or else involucre glandular-punctate. (Exceptions are Venegasia, with large triangular-ovate leaf blades; Clappia, with densely setose-fimbrillate receptacle; Psilostrophe, with papery-persistent ligules; Chaenactis, with discoid ochroleucous heads and a pappus of about 13 long paleae) ..------- eee VI. Helenieae. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1403 Tribe I. Vernonieae. Pappus double, the outer series short, subpaleaceous or rarely setose, the inner much longer, setose----------------------------------- 1. VERNONIA. Pappus (in our species) a low entire crown----------------- 2. OLIGANTHES. Tribe II. Eupatorieae. Pappus none, or a very short crown. Heads 3-flowered (in our species); anthers unappendaged at apex. 3. PIQUERIA. Heads several to many-flowered; anthers appendaged at apex. Achenes compressed ------------------------------77-- 7. OAXACANIA, Achenes prismatic, 4 or 5-angled. Achenes 4-angled_---------------------------------7-- 6. JALISCOA. Achenes 5-angled. Pappus entirely wanting------------------------------ 5, ALOMIA. Pappus a low paleaceous crown_--.---------------- 9. AGERATUM. Pappus present, better developed. Achenes prismatic and 8 to 10-ribbed, or obovoid and not distinctly ribbed. Achenes prismatic, 8 to 10-ribbed; receptacle naked. Pappus of 4 to 14 linear-attenuate scarious-margined awns; phyllaries few, unequal, subherbaceous----- ------------- 19. CARPHOCHAETE. Pappus of numerous bristles; phyllaries usually multiseriate, dry and striate._..---.-------------------------- 20. COLEOSANTHUS. Achenes obovoid, not distinctly ribbed; receptacle paleaceous. 21. DYSCRITOTHAMNUS. Achenes 4 or 5-ribbed (rarely 2 or 3-ribbed). Pappus of. bristles only. Phyllaries 4; heads 4-flowered------------------------ 18. MIKANIA. Phyllaries and flowers more numerous. Pappus bristles deciduous---------------------- 15. PIPTOTHRIX. Pappus bristles persistent. Anthers without terminal appendage. Pappus bristles dilated at tip---------------- 4. DECACHAETA. Pappus bristles not dilated at tip..4-..-< 17. OPHR YOSPORUS. Anthers with terminal appendage. Pappus bristles few (5 to :) ees 14. FLEISCHMANNIA. Pappus bristles numerous- - - - ------------- 16. EUPATORIUM. Pappus at least in part of squamellae or awns. Phyllaries 5 to 8, uniseriate, subequal._------------------ 12. STEVIA. Phyllaries more numerous. Anthers unappendaged at apex; pappus of 5 squamellae prolonged into - gwnS_-_---------------------------- 777777 11. AGERATELLA. Anthers appendaged at apex; pappus otherwise. Pappus of 2 to 10 bristles and a few squamellae; involucre strongly graduate. Squamellae of pappus evident, paleaceous or scarious. 13. HOFMEISTERIA. Squamellae of pappus minute, setulose._14. FLEISCHMANNIA. Pappus of squamellae only, these sometimes united into a paleaceous crown. Involucre strongly graduate; pappus of about 15 membranaceous squamellae_-__---------------------- 8. ASCHENBORNIA. Involucre subequal; pappus of 5 to 10 squamellae, or these united into a crown. 1404. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Corollas with short tube and scarcely distinct throat. 9. AGERATUM. Corollas with slender tube, abruptly widened into the throat. 10. OX YLOBUS. Tribe III. Astereae. Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Plants dioecious, the heads strictly staminate or pistillate. 29. BACCHARIS. Plants polygamo-dioecious, the staminate heads as in Baccharis, the pistillate with 1 to 15 central hermaphrodite flowers. 30. ARCHIBACCHARIS. Plants not dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus of squamellae or awns, or wanting. Pappus wanting_....-_-_-.--_-_______..--..8 22. SELLOA. Pappus present. Pappus of about 10 oblong to lanceolate squamellae; flowers yellow. 23. GUTIERREZIA- Pappus of about 15 to 30 squamellae or awns; flowers white, changing to rose-purple__-____-_. 22-2. 26. GREENELLA. Pappus of bristles, sometimes with an outer series of short squamellae. Flowers all yellow, the rays or disk rarely turning purple in age. Phyllaries in distinct vertical ranks; heads (in our species) discoid, 5-flowered _.__...---- 2 25. CHRYSOTHAMNUS. Phyllaries not in distinct vertical ranks; heads often radiate, usually with more than 5 flowers. Plants not glaucescent, usually resinous or pubescent. 24. APLOPAPPUS. Plants glaucescent, glabrous, not resinous. Leaves linear, mostly 1 cm. long or less; phyllaries cuspidate-acute or acuminate (A. carnosus)-_------------- 2, 27. ASTER. Involucre distinctly graduate; style tips acute or acuminate__27. ASTER. Involucre obscurely or not at all graduate; style tips short, obtuse. 28. ERIGERON. Tribe IV. Inuleae. Flowers all hermaphrodite, the corollas tubular; pappus stiff, of about 10 bar- bellate bristles and about 30 shorter, somewhat connate bristles. 34. PELUCHA. Outer flowers (3 to many) pistillate, with filiform corollas, the inner (1 to many) hermaphrodite, with tubular corollas; pappus 1-seriate, of essentially equal bristles. Heads few (about 4)-flowered, the hermaphrodite flowers solitary. 32. ACHYROCLINE. Heads many-flowered, the hermaphrodite flowers several or numerous. Phyllaries dry, but not scarious..-.__._.___..__..._____. 31. PLUCHEA. Phyllaries scarious__.....-.-----_-_---888 33. GNAPHALIUM. Tribe V. Heliantheae. Plants monoecious. Pistillate involucre gamophyllous, 1 to 8-flowered, the staminate many-flowered. Pistillate involucres bearing transverse scarious wings..48. HYMENOCLEA. Pistillate involucres spiny__......__-________.__....____. 44. FRANSERIA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO . 1405 Plants not monoecious. Heads 1 or 2-flowered, glomerate, the proper involucres gamophyllous, 3 to 6-toothed. Proper involucres tubular, not winged_..------------------- 35. NOCCA. Proper involucres at maturity obovoid, 3-winged, corky. 36. COULTERELLA. Heads with more numerous flowers, or if 1 or 2-flowered (62. Alvordia), then involucre not gamophyllous. Ray flowers pistillate, fertile; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile. Pistillate corollas tubular; leaves opposite. Achenes loosely inclosed in sac-shaped phyllaries. 37. DESMANTHODIUM. Achenes not inclosed in sac-shaped phyllaries. Heads cymose-panicled, not nodding------------ 38. CLIBADIUM. Heads in racemes or racemiform panicles, nodding. -------- 42, IVA. Pistillate corollas ligulate; leaves opposite or alternate. Phyllaries subtending the ray achenes indurate, completely enveloping the achenes, with a small terminal orifice..40. MELAMPODIUM. Phyllaries not indurate and completely enveloping the achenes. Ray achenes obcompressed, their nerviform margins adnate at base to the two opposed involute pales of the outer disk flowers and at maturity separating from the body of the achene nearly to apex, the whole falling together; rays white. 41. PARTHENIUM. Ray achenes not adnate to the opposed pales; rays yellow, orange, or purplish red. Involucre double, the outer phyllaries few, herbaceous, the inner submembranous------------------------- 78. HIDALGOA. Involucre not double. Achenes all epappose, columnar or columnar-obovoid. 39. GUARDIOLA. Disk achenes pappose, the ray achenes sometimes epappose. Receptacle elongate-conic, paleaceous throughout; ray achenes with a single awn; disk achenes (infertile) with a pappus of 4 basally connate awns..--45. PHILACTIS, Receptacle not elongate-conic, bearing only a single series of paleae (between the rays and the disk flowers); ray achenes epappose; disk achenes (infertile) with a pappus of 6 to 12 awns or squamellae_------ - 85. HEMIZONIA. Ray flowers, when present, pistillate or neutral; disk flowers hermaphrodite, fertile. Ray corollas sessile, persistent. Disk achenes strongly compressed. Leaves sessile; involucre strongly graduate_-_-_--------- 46. ZINNIA. Leaves short-petioled; involucre not strongly graduate. 47. SANVITALIA. Disk achenes quadrangular. Pales straight; pappus wanting or of 2 to 4 minute teeth. 48. HELIOPSIS. Pales usually uncinate; pappus of 1 or 2 awns, and sometimes 1 or 2 short squamellae__------------------- 49. GRYPOCARPHA. Ray corollas with distinct tube and deciduous, or wanting. Pappus of plumose awns or squamellae. Achenes somewhat compressed; involucre strongly graduate, about 5-seriate 83. BEBBIA. 1406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Achenes turbinate; involucre less distinctly graduate___84. TRIDAX. Pappus (when present) not of plumose awns or squamellae. Achenes subeylindric, about 10 or 15-ribbed_..______ 53. VARILLA. Achenes not subcylindric, fewer-ribbed. Achenes contracted into a conspicuous stipitiform base. Heads radiate; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae, 70. PODACHAENIUM. Heads discoid; pappus of 2 awns_____ 71. ACHAENIPODIUM. Achenes not contracted into a conspicuous stipitiform base. Heads 1 to 5-flowered; pappus of 10 to 20 unequal paleaceous ON ee ive eh ieee ie 62. ALVORDIA. Heads with more numerous flowers, or else (52. Montanoa) pappus wanting. Involucre distinctly double, the outer phyllaries few, herba- ceous, the inner submembranous. Disk achenes (sometimes also the ray achenes) surrounded and included by the convex pales. Heads yellow__._________________. 50. RUMFORDIA. Heads white__..__._--__________ 52. MONTANOA. Disk achenes not surrounded and included by the pales, these flat or flattish. Inner phyllaries connate about to middle. 79. THELESPERMA. Inner phyllaries essentially free, Achenes distinctly rostrate_.....______ 81. COSMOS. Achenes not distinctly rostrate. Pappus awns antrorse-ciliate or smooth, rarely want- ing; achenes obcompressed, usually marginate or winged___--.__ 2-2. 76. COREOPSIS. Pappus awns retrorse-hispid (rarely smooth) ; achenes (in our species) linear or subquadrangular, not margined or winged_____________ 80. BIDENS Involucre not distinctly double. Achenes obcompressed_____________ 77. COREOCARPUS. Achenes not obcompressed. Pappus of the disk achenes consisting of 4 to many free, usually equal or subequal awns or squamellae. Pappus of deciduous setiform awns. 64. PERYMENIUM. Pappus of persistent paleaceous awns or squamellae. Achenes obovoid, somewhat compressed; phyllaries not indurate______ 69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM. Achenes subterete or 4 or 5-angled; phyllaries indu- rate (the outer sometimes herbaceous). 82. CALEA. Pappus of the disk achenes of 2 or 3 awns, with or without squamellae, or a crown of united squamellae, or want- ing. Achenes strongly compressed, flat or flattish. Pappus of 1 or 2 awns, without squamellae, or want- ing. Achenes winged. Pappus awns unequal, the inner broadly winged, the outer usually wingless; involucre gradu- ate, of indurate, usually subherbaceous- tipped phyllaries_______ 67. NOTOPTERA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1407 Pappus awns usually equal and wingless (with a small wing in V. robinsonii, which has a sub- equal herbaceous involucre). 75. VERBESINA. Achenes wingless. Leaves opposite; heads whitish, discoid. 66. SALMEA. Leaves alternate; heads yellow, usually radiate. Achenes not very strongly flattened, usually not white-margined; plants strongly resin- ous__._------------ 65. FLOURENSIA. Achenes very strongly flattened, narrowly white-margined, villous-ciliate; plants usu- ally not resinous_-_------ _68. ENCELIA. Pappus of awns and squamellae. Disk achenes closely enveloped and hidden by the transversely rugose pales_51. RH YSOLEPIS. Disk achenes not closely enveloped by the pales, the latter not transversely rugose. Leaves alternate; plants strongly resinous. 65. FLOURENSIA. Leaves opposite (alternate in Zexmenia brevifolia, which has pistillate rays) ; plants rarely resin- ous. Rays neutral._..----------- 74. OYEDAEA. Rays pistillate or wanting. Achenes margined or winged, the wings not decurrent on the awns. 72. ZEXMENIA. Achenes winged, the wings decurrent on the awns____------- 73. OTOPAPPUS. Achenes thickened. Rays pistillate. Pappus of the disk achenes wanting. Receptacle merely convex; outer phyllaries her- baceous, the inner membranous. 50. RUMFORDIA. Receptacle conical; phyllaries all similar. 55. ZALUZANTA. Pappus of the disk achenes present. Pappus a 4-toothed crown; phyllaries and pales spinescent-tipped_ --_--- 56. BORRICHIA. Pappus a crown of squamellae and usually 2 awns; phyllaries and pales not spinescent- tipped. Achenes acutely margined or winged. 72. ZEXMENIA. Achenes not acutely margined or winged. Leaves opposite; achenes plump, with rounded sides_....---- 57. WEDELIA. Leaves alternate; achenes subquadrangular. 58. WYETHIA. Rays neutral or wanting. Heads large, 5 to 14 em. wide, borne on fistulose peduncles_______---------- 60. TITHONIA. 57020—26. 1408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Heads much smaller, or else peduncles not fistulose. Pappus caducous, of 2 paleaceous awns and often a few squamellae. 63. HELIANTHUS. Pappus persistent (of 2 slender deciduous awns in two species of Flourensia) or eutirely wanting. Heads cylindric; pappus none; involucre strongly graduate__54. AGIABAMPOA. Heads not cylindric, or else pappus present or involucre not strongly graduate. Pales strongly accrescent, including and gfeatly surpassing the achenes. 52. MONTANOA. Pales not strongly accrescent. Heads discoid; pappus wanting. 55. ZALUZANIA. Heads radiate, or else pappus present. Pappus a small cup of united squamel- lae, sometimes with awns added. 59. ASPILIA. Pappus of usually free squamellae, with or without 2 awns, or wanting. Plants strongly resinous; leaves alter- nate_______ 65. FLOURENSIA. Plants rarely resinous; leaves oppo- site, at least below (in Viguiera laciniata alternate and _lacini- ately repand-lobate). Pappus present. Pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. 61. VIGUIERA. Pappus of few subequal or un- equal squamellae. 69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM. Pappus wanting. Leaves pinnatilobate, or else silky-pilose or canescent- strigillose beneath, 61. VIGUIERA. Leaves not pinnatilobate, neither silky-pilose nor canescent- strigillose beneath. 69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM. Tribe VI. Helenieae. Involuere distinctly graduate. Heads radiate, yellow. Leaves opposite___----_----_- 2 86. JAUMEA. Leaves alternate. Pappus wanting; leaves triangular-ovate._____._______ 87. VENEGASIA. Pappus present; leaves linear....------ =) 88. CLAPPIA. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1409 Rays not papery-persistent. Achenes distinctly compressed, 2-nerved. Achenes ciliate; pappus of squamellae and usually 1 or 2 awns, rarely Wang 2 eee ee eee 90. PERITYLE. Achenes not distinctly ciliate; pappus (in our species) of 1 awn, or wanting. 91. LAPHAMIA. Achenes not distinctly compressed, with more than 2 nerves. Involucre glandular-punctate or glandular-lined. Pappus of 5 to 20 paleae, these often aristate-dissected or awned. 99. DYSSODIA. Pappus setose, the setae sometimes reduced to squamellae. Heads discoid_....._-__-.-------------- 100. POROPHYLLUM. Heads radiate. Leaves not setose-ciliate; style branches elongate. 101. CHR YSACTINIA. Leaves setose-ciliate; style branches short_-_-_------ 102, PECTIS. Involucre not glandular-punctate or glandular-lined. Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus none; heads 2 to 8-flowered, aggregated. 92. FLAVERIA. Achenes not 10-ribbed, usually 4-ribbed; pappus present; heads with more numerous flowers, not aggregated. Pappus of 4 awns alternating with 4 squamellae. _-___- 93. EUTETRAS. Pappus otherwise. Heads radiate, yellow. Phyllaries about 5; heads in small umbelliform cymes or cymose panicles; achenes without substipitiform base. 95. ERIOPHYLLUM. Phyllaries more numerous; heads solitary or cymose-panicled; achenes with substipitiform base_____._______- 97. BAHIA. Heads discoid, white, flesh-color, or ochroleucous. Pappus oblique, of about 8 paleae, the innermost longest; leaves opposite, broad, crenate or repand. 98. LOXOTHYSANUDS. Pappus not oblique; leaves alternate, linear or pinnatilobate. Pappus of 4 to 6 truncate paleae; leaves linear, entire. 94. PALAFOXIA. Pappus of about 13 acutish paleae; leaves pinnatilobate. 96. CHAENACTIS. Tribe VII. Anthemideae. A single genus_____.-_-__-_------- Fee ee eee ee 103. ARTEMISIA. Tribe VIII. Senecioneae. Involucre distinctly graduate. Leaves opposite, not scalelike__........._____-____-_ -____- 104. LIABUM. Leaves alternate, all except the lower scalelike__._.105. LEPIDOSPARTUM. Principal phyllaries equal, sometimes with a series of small bractlets at base. Phyllaries 4 or 5, broadly oval; leaves opposite___-___ 106. HAPLOESTHES. Phyllaries more numerous; leaves alternate. Phyllaries caudate-attenuate, herbaceous above; involucre without bractlets at base; leaves glandular-punctate_________ 107. PEUCEPH YLLUM. Phyllaries neither caudate-attenuate nor herbaceous; involucre bracteolate at base; leaves not glandular-punctate____.________- 108. SENECIO. 1410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Tribe IX. Mutisieae. Corollas all regular, tubular, 5-lobed_.___.-___..__------ 109. GOCHNATIA. Corollas all bilabiate. Corollas crimson; involucre regularly graduate___________- 110. ONOSERIS. Corollas yellow or whitish; involucre not regularly graduate. Corollas yellow; involucre double____..-.-----..---------- 111. TRIXIS. Corollas whitish; involucre nearly 1-seriate__._._.._.__---- 112. JUNGIA. 1. VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 2: 541. 1791. RereERENCES: Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 164-235. 1906; Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 50-101. 1922. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves and small to large, usually purple heads; involucre cylindric to hemispheric, the phyllaries graduated, dry or indurate’ rarely with herbaceous tips; flowers 1 to very numerous, all tubular, hermaphro- dite, fertile; receptacle naked; anthers sagittate at base; achenes 4 to 10-ribbed, sometimes with an apical callous border; pappus biseriate, the outer much shorter, subpaleaceous or rarely setose, the inner setose. The root of Vernonia nigritiana Oliver & Hiern of West Africa is said to be employed as a febrifuge, antidysenteric, and emetic, and to resemble somewhat ipecac in its therapeutic properties. It contains a glucoside, vernonin, which is a cardiac poison comparable to digitalin, but less active. Heads large, the involucre 12 to 20 mm. high. Phyllaries (at least the outer) with ovate or lanceolate to deltoid, herbaceous, spreading or reflexed tips. Leaves green and merely pilose-strigose beneath__-____-_-__- 1. V. salvinae. Leaves grayish-tomentose beneath. Phyllaries glabrous____________----------------_---- 2. V. mexicana. Outer phyllaries densely pubescent____.--__-.__------- 3. V. callilepis. Phyllaries without spreading herbaceous tips. Heads subsessile, in close clusters; phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely cuspidate; leaves canescent-tomentose beneath ____________---------------------------- 4. V. arctioides. Heads pedunculate, not in close clusters; phyllaries oblong, truncate or rounded, abruptly mucronate; leaves green or griseous-tomentose beneath. Leaves acute at base _._________________- 2 _-e 5. V. alamani. Leaves rounded at base ____________------------ 6. V. dictyophlebia. Heads smaller, the involucre 8 (rarely 10) mm. high or less. Inflorescence of scorpioid cymes, the heads mostly sessile. Heads subtended by leafy bracts; involucre 1 cm. high__7. V. schiedeana. Heads not leafy-bracted; involucre 5 mm. high or less. Heads 11-flowered_....-_______----------------- 8. V. aschenborniana. Heads 18 to 21-flowered. Leaves tomentulose or tomentose beneath. Pappus tawny; achenes pubescent, not glandular___9. V. deppeana. Pappus white or whitish; achenes pubescent and glandular. 10. V. morelana. Leaves puberulous to silky-pilose but not tomentose beneath. Pappus brownish; phyllaries obtuse or acutish ______ 11. V. patens. Pappus white; phyllaries acute or acuminate___.12. V. canescens. Inflorescence of corymbiform or paniculate clusters, the heads mostly pedi- cellate. Heads about 22-flowered; involucre 9 to 10 mm. high__13. V. karvinskiana. STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1411 Heads 1 to 11-flowered; involucre 3 to 7 mm. high. Heads 7 to 11-flowered; inner phyllaries not deciduous (except in no. 17). Leaves floccose-tomentose beneath___-------------- 14. V. oaxacana. Leaves not floccose-tomentose beneath. Leaves scabrous-pubescent on the veins beneath. 15. V. capreaefolia. Leaves puberulent or sordid-pilosulous beneath. Leaves 1.5 to 2 em. wide; phyllaries purple-tipped. 16. V. liatroides Leaves 3.2 to 5.7 em. wide; phyllaries whitish___17. V. littoralis. Heads 1 to 5-flowered; inner phyllaries deciduous. Heads 1 or 2-flowered. Phyllaries (at least the middle and outer) distinctly mucronate. Leaves chiefly oval or obovate; mucros of the middle and outer phyllaries about 0.2 mm. long----------- 18. V. mucronata. Leaves chiefly broadly ovate; mucros of the middle and outer phyllaries about 0.5 mm. long------------- 19. V. aristifera. Phyllaries not mucronate, sometimes apiculate. Leaves densely canescent or cinereous-tomentose beneath. Leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded or cordate at base, 2 to 7 cm. wide_--_---------------- 20. V. monosis. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oval-oblong, cuneate at base, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide. Inner phyllaries acute or acuminate. 21. V. tarchonanthifolia. Inner phyllaries obtuse or rounded----------- 22. V. obtusa. Leaves not densely tomentose beneath. Leaves oval-ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 4 cm. wide. 23. V. steetzii. Leaves elliptic, 2.5 em. wide or less. Leaves tufted in the axils of the veins beneath; phylaries usually tomentose at apex---------- 24. V. salicifolia. Leaves not tufted in the axils of the veins beneath; phyllaries not tomentose at apex__--------------- 25. V. pallens. Heads 3 to 5-flowered. , Leaves very densely tomentose over whole surface beneath. Phyllaries densely tomentose; achenes glabrous. Achenes whitish or light brown.------------- 26. V. leiocarpa. Achenes dark brown or purplish brown..--27. V. melanocarpa. Phyllaries not densely tomentose; achenes pubescent. Leaves ovate, less than twice as long as wide. 28. V. durangensis. Leaves elliptic to oval-lanceolate, more than twice as long as wide. Leaves 6.5 to 7.3 cm. long, less than three times as long as wide. 29. V. oolepis. Leaves 7 to 19 em. long, more than three times as long as wide. 30. V. palmeri. Leaves not densely tomentose over whole surface beneath. Leaves densely pilosulous at least along the costa beneath. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic; phyllaries obtuse to acutish, not apiculate_._.---------------------------- 30. V. palmeri. 1412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves oval; phyllaries acute, mostly apiculate. 31. V. barbinervis. Leaves not densely pilosulous along the costa beneath. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5 to 3 em. wide; achenes pubescent_________ eee ae 32. V. triflosculosa. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 4.5 to 6 cm. wide; achenes glabrous or glandular___--...__.-_-_-- 222 33. V. heydeana. 1. Vernonia salvinae Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 73. pl. 41. 1881. Leiboldia salvinae Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 162. 1906. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Las Nubes, Cerro de Zunil. Shrubby (?); branchlets lanate or tomentose, glabrescent; petioles 1 to 4 em. long; leaf blades obovate or oblanceolate, 10 to 20 em. long, 4 to 7.5 em. wide, acuminate, serrulate or serrate; heads few, on peduncles 1 to 6.5 em. long; involucre 13 to 18 mm. high, the phyllaries with indurate base and broader, ovate or deltoid, spreading, herbaceous apex, puberulent or glabrate; heads violet- purple, 3 to 5 cm. wide; pappus tawny. 2. Vernonia mexicana Less. Linnaea 6: 680. 1831. Leiboldia mexicana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 163. 1906. Veracruz; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco. Shrub; branches cinerous-tomentose; leaf blades obovate, 20 em. long, short- acuminate, thinly gray-tomentose beneath; involucre 2 em. high, 3 em. wide, the phyllaries glabrous, the outer with spreading rounded herbaceous tips. (Descrip- tion compiled.) 3. Vernonia callilepis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 81. 1922. Known only from the type locality, La Liberia, Michoacdn or Guerrero. Shrubby, 1.5 meters high; stem densely griseous-pilose; leaves short-petioled, the blades elliptic or oval, 14 to 21 em. long, 5.5 to 7.5 em. wide, acute at both ends, serrate, griseous-pilose beneath; heads few, 2.5 em. high, the pedicels 5 em. long; involucre 2 em. high, the outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, acuminate, spreading, the inner with rounded, membranous purple tips; pappus brownish, 4, Vernonia arctioides Less. Linnaea 6: 400. 1831. Diazeuxis ? serrata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 254. 1830. Not V. serrata Less. 1829. , Vernonia leiboldiana Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 742. 1847, Leiboldia ovata Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 742. 1847, as synonym. Leiboldia arctioides Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 743. 1847, as synonym. Letboldia leiboldiana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 163. 1906. Lewboldia serrata Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 164. 1906. Veracruz and Puebla; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco. Suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high, the stout angled stem cinereous-tomentose; petioles about 5 mm. long; leaf blades obovate, 11 to 24 em. long, 5 to 12 cm. wide, acute, sharply serrate; heads few, in close clusters; involucre 12 to 18 mm. high, the phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuspidate, densely tomentose or glabrescent; flowers purple; pappus white. 5. Vernonia alamani DC. Prodr. 5: 61. 1836. Morelos to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem densely cinereous-puberulous; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 9 to 14 em. long, 2 to 7 cm. wide, tapering to each end, subentire, tomentose-puberulous on the veins beneath and gland-dotted; involucre 15 to 20 mm. high, glabrous, the phyllaries bearing mucros 2 to 4 mm. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1413 6. Vernonia dictyophlebia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 203. 1906. Guanajuato to Oaxaca; type from Pdtzcuaro, Michoacan. Suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem tomentellous; leaves oval or ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, acute, prominulous-reticulate and griseous- tomentellous beneath; heads several or numerous, on peduncles 1 to 4 cm. long; mucros of the phyllaries shorter than in the last species. 7. Vernonia schiedeana Less. Linnaea 6: 399. 1831. 2Vernonia fragrans Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24, 1824. Veracruz and Tabasco; type from Panantla and Misantla, Veracruz. Hon- duras and El Salvador. Scandent, shrubby, 3 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves oval to elliptic, 8 to 15 em. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, short-petioled, puberulous or pubescent above chiefly along costa, puberulous to densely pilosulous beneath; involucre 1 cm. high, the outer phyllaries lanceolate, acuminate or mucronate, stiff, the inner linear-oblong, with loose rounded ampliate brownish tips; heads about 26- flowered; pappus whitish. ‘Flor de borla” (Veracruz); ‘aroma ”’ (El Salvador). 8. Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer, Linnaea 19: 714. 1847. San Luis Potos{ to Nicaragua; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, 2 to 5 meters high; stem sordidly puberulous or pilosulous; leaves elliptic to oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 3 em. wide, scabridulous above, usually densely sordid-puberulous or pilosulous beneath; involucre 3 mm. high, its phyllaries ovate or oval, acute or acutish, greenish, with thickish tips, the thin narrow pale margins arachnoid-ciliate; pappus becoming tawny. ‘Su- quinay’’ (Honduras). The plant is used medicinally. 9. Vernonia deppeana Less. Linnaea 6: 398. 1831. °Vernonia stellaris Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 23. 1824. Veracruz to Costa Rica; type from Misantla, Veracruz. Shrubby, up to 6 meters high; stem tomentulose; leaves oblong to oval, 8 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, densely cinereous or sordid-tomentulose beneath; involucre 3.5 mm. high, similar to that of V. aschenborniana. “Suquinay ”’ (El Salvador, Guatemala); ‘“tuete”’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘semem”’ (Guatemala) ; “eihuapatli,” ‘‘zi-tit,’ “flor de cuaresma”’ (Chiapas, Seler); ‘‘rdjate-luego” (El Salvador). 10. Vernonia morelana Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 241. 1919. Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos. Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; stem gray-tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong, 7.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, scabrous above, finely gray-tomentose beneath; involucre 4 to 4.5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, acute or cuspidate, tomentose- ciliate and somewhat puberulous; achenes thinly pubescent and densely glan- dular; pappus white or very pale tawny. 11. Vernonia patens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 41. 1820. ? Vernonia lanceolaris DC. Prodr. 5: 37. 1836. Michoacan (or Guerrero) to Panama and northern South America; type from Middle America. Shrubby, 8 meters high or less; stem tomentulose-puberulous; leaves elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 5 to 13 em. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, smooth to the touch above, puberulous, especially on the veins, beneath; panicles large; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or acutish, mostly mucronulate; flowers white. “‘Tuete” (Costa Rica); ‘pie de zope,” “suquinayo,” ‘suquinay,” “‘palo blanco” (El Salvador). 1414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 12. Vernonia canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 35. pl. 317. 1820. Vernonia purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 197. 1915. Puebla and Guerrero (or Michoacan) to South America; type from Guanca- bamba, Peru. Suffrutescent, 1.3 meters high or less; stem puberulous or tomentose-pilosulous; leaves chiefly ovate or oval-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, sparsely or usually densely pilosulous or silky-pilose beneath; involucre 3.5 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries all lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or usually acuminate; flowers deep rosy or purplish. “Hierba de San Juan” (Panama); ‘“tuete”’ (Costa Rica); ‘“ciguapate” (El Salvador). 13. Vernonia karvinskiana DC. Prodr. 5; 62. 1836. Oaxaca. Suffrutescent, 1 meter high; stem purplish, glabrous to sparsely puberulous; leaf blades elliptic to oblong or ovate-elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, scabrous above, pubescent or puberulous beneath chiefly along the venation; heads umbellate-cymose; involucre purplish, the outer phyllaries subulate, ap- pressed, the inner lanceolate, mucronulate, with rather loose tips; achenes gland-dotted. 14. Vernonia oaxacana Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 74, 1884. Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from San Carlos. Shrubby; leaves elliptic-oblong, 10 cm. long, 3 em. wide, scabrellate above, floccose beneath; inflorescence hemispheric; heads crowded; involucre 5 mm. high; phyllaries ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, glabrous, acute, cuspidate. 15. Vernonia capreaefolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 200. 1906. Vernonia ehrenbergiana capreaefolia Schultz Bip.; Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 200. 1906, as synonym, Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba, Veracruz. “Suffrutescent,’’ erect, 1 meter high, puberulent or glabrate; leaves broadly elliptic, 9 to 13 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. wide, acute, coarsely serrate, very scabrous above, nearly glabrous beneath except along the prominent veins; involucre 5 mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, the outer lanceolate, cuspidate, the inner ovate- oblong or oblong, acute or mucronulate; pappus nearly white. 16. Vernonia liatroides DC. Prodr. 5: 34. 1836. Eupatorium tulanum Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 324, 1882. Tamaulipas to Veracruz; western Mexico; type collected between Tula, Hidalgo, and Tampico, Tamaulipas. Herbaceous or suffrutescent; stem puberulent; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, serrate, scabrellate above, fer- ruginous-puberulous beneath; heads in rounded subumbellate cymes; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high; phyllaries lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, cuspidate; pappus flavescent. “Tlamalacatilacotli” (Morelos, Seler). 17. Vernonia littoralis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 3. 1899. Eremosis littoralis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 38: 100. 1922. Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island. Shrubby; stem sordid-puberulous; petioles 7 to 17 mm. long; blades broadly ovate or oval-ovate, 6 to 9 em. long, 3.2 to 5.7 em. wide, serrulate, above smooth, subglabrate, beneath sordid-pilosulous with crisped hairs especially along the venation; heads 7 or 8-flowered, in rounded corymbiform panicles; involuere 6 mm. high, whitish, the phyllaries ovate to (inner) linear-oblong, acutish to obtuse, ciliate, the inner deciduous; achenes whitish, glabrous or sparsely puberulous. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1415 18. Vernonia mucronata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52:19. 1917. Monosis foliosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 19. 1839. Vernonia foliosa Schultz Bip. Pollichia 18-19: 161. 1861. Not V. foliosa Gardn. 1846. Eremosis foliosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906, as to synonym. San Luis Potos{ and Jalisco; type from Bolafios, Jalisco. Low shrub, cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades oval-ovate or ovate, ‘4 to 6.5 cm. long. 2 to 3.3 cm. wide, thin-coriaceous, entire or sparsely denticulate, closely cinereous-tomentose on both sides, glabrescent above, becoming merely tomentulose-puberulous beneath; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, purplish, the phyllaries acute to acuminate, the middle and outer with short mucros; achenes densely villous. 19. Vernonia aristifera Blake, sp. nov. 2Vernonia steetzii callilepis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856. Eremosis foliosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906, as to description. Eremosis callilepis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 98. 1922, at least as to de- scription. Not V. callilepis Gleason, 1922. Jalisco; type collected at Rio Blanco (Palmer 678 in 1886; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 49992). Similar to V. mucronata; leaves mostly broadly ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 2.2 to 4.5 cm. wide, densely and persistently cinereous-tomentose beneath, glabres- cent above; phyllaries more acuminate than in V. mucronata and with longer mucros. 20. Vernonia monosis Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847. Turpinia ? tomentosa Lex. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 24. 1824 Not Vernonia tomentosa Ell, 1822. ?Vernonia paniculata DC. Prodr. 5: 23. 1836. Monosis tomentosa DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836. Eremosis tomentosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 229. 1906. Jalisco to Querétaro; type from Mt. Quinceo, near Morelia. Shrubby, up to 2.5 meters high, densely cinereous-tomentose; leaf blades 8 to 12.5 cm. long, glabrescent above, densely cinereous-tomentose beneath wit) loose tomentum; panicles very large; involucre purplish, 5 mm. high, tomentose at base, the phyllaries acute or acuminate; achenes densely appressed-pubescent. 21. Vernonia tarchonanthifolia (DC.) Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847. Monosis tarchonanthifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836. Oliganthes karwinskii Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 505. 1847. Eremosis tarchonanthifolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 230. 1906. Oaxaca. Shrub 3 to 6 meters high; stem densely cinereous-tomentose; leaf blades 6 to 9 em. long, green and glabrescent above, densely cinereous-tomentose beneath; involucre purplish, 6 mm. high; achenes gland-dotted and rather sparsely his- pidulous. 22. Vernonia obtusa (Gleason) Blake. Eremosis obtusa Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 99. 1922. Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi. Shrub; stem cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves petioled, the blades oval- oblong, 5 to 7 em. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at base, entire or den- ticulate, densely and loosely griseous-tomentose beneath; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries brown or purple, the outer ovate, obtuse or rounded, tomentose, the middle and inner obtuse or rounded, ciliate, glandular above; achenes glandu- lar, otherwise essentially glabrous. 1416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 23. Vernonia steetzii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856. Eremosis steetzii Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 230. 1906. Chihuahua; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Shrubby, sordid-puberulous; petioles 2 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5.5 em. wide, scabridulous above, hispidulous on the venation beneath; involucre brownish white or slightly purplish-tinged, essentially glabrous; achenes densely appressed-pilose. 24. Vernonia salicifolia (DC.) Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847. Monosis salicifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836. Vernonia uniflora Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 506. 1847. Eremosis salicifolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 231. 1906. Puebla to Oaxaca; type from near “ Guchinapa”’ and Cuernavaca. Stem tomentulose or tomentose; leaf blades elliptic or narrowly oblong-elliptic, 4 to 8.5 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, densely gland-dotted on both sides, loosely arachnoid-pilose, glabrescent; involucre purplish; achenes densely appressed- pilose. ‘“Ahuitule”’ (Urbina). 25. Vernonia pallens Schultz Bip. Pollichia 18-19: 161. 1861, Eremosis pallens Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906. Eremosis leiophylla Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 231. 1906. Vernonia leiophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 18. 1917, Morelos and Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, 3 to 5 meters high, the branches glabrate; petioles 3 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate to elliptic, 4 to 8.5 em. long, 1.1 to 2.5 em. wide, acute, entire or obscurely serrulate, glabrous or nearly so on both sides; phyllaries whitish, brownish, or purplish, acute, ciliate; achenes sparsely short-villous. 26. Vernonia leiocarpa DC. Prodr. 5: 34. 1836. Eremosis leiocarpa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906. “Southern Mexico”; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala. Shrubby, densely sordid or cinereous-tomentose; petioles about 1.5 cm. long; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, 8 to 14 em. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, greenish or grayish above, densely and softly cinereous or sordid-tomentose beneath; phyllaries densely sordid-tomentose on their exposed portions. ‘“ Palito de negro” (Guatemala); “palo de asma” (El Salvador). Employed in El Salvador as a remedy for asthma. 27. Vernonia melanocarpa (Gleason) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 18. 1917, Eremosis melanocarpa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906. Veracruz to Guatemala; type from Chupadera, Guatemala. Stem densely puberulous, subglabrate; petioles 1.4 to 2.2 em. long; leaf blades oval or elliptic-ovate, 6 to 10.5 cm. long, 2.2 to 5 cm. wide; phyllaries colorate only at apex, sordid-pilose at base and apex and on margin. 28. Vernonia durangensis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 587. 1924. Eremosis ovata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 40: 331. 1913. Not V. ovata Less. 1829. Vernonia gleasoni Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 17. 1917. Not V. glea- sonit Ekman, 1914. Known only from the type locality, San Ramén, Durango. Shrubby, the stem tomentulose; petioles about 1.2 cm. long; leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 6.8 to 9 cm. long, 3.5 to 5 cm. wide, densely canescent-tomentose beneath, the veins about 10 pairs, prominent beneath; heads (3 or) 4-flowered, forming a broad panicle; involucre 5.5 mm. high, the phyllaries tomentulose at apex; achenes pilose. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1417 29. Vernonia oolepis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 20. 1917. Eremosis oolepis Gleason, N. Amer. FI. 33: 97. 1922. Yucatan; type from Izamal. Shrub, the stem densely pilose-tomentose, subglabrate; petioles 2 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades oval-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, about 7 cm. long, 2.8 em. wide, acuminate at each end, glabrous above, densely and sordidly pilose- tomentose beneath, the veins about 5 pairs, obscure; heads subsessile, 4-flowered ; involucre 5.5 mm. high, the phyllaries pale, rounded at apex, ciliate; achenes sparsely pilosulous, blackish brown. 30. Vernonia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 101. 1891. Eremosis palmeri Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 233. 1906. Vernonia chacalana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 19. 1917. Sonora to Durango and Tepic; type from Alamos, Sonora. Shrub 5 meters high or less, the stem densely cinereous-tomentulose; petioles 3 to 18 mm. long; blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 18 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 em. wide, remotely serrulate, beneath densely griseous- tomentulose or pilosulous, or sometimes glabrescent except along the veins; heads 3(rarely 4 or 5)-flowered; involucre whitish or sometimes purplish-tinged, the phyllaries more or less ciliate; achenes pubescent.“ Tacotillo”’ (Sinaloa). 31. Vernonia barbinervis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856. Eremosis barbinervis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906. Sinaloa; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Shrubby, about 3 meters high, the stem subglabrous; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obscurely puberulous; leaf blades oval, 8 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, rounded to subacute, cuneate at base, subglabrous above, densely pubescent along costa beneath, at least when young, and tufted in the axils of the veins; heads 3-flowered; involucre whitish or brownish-tinged, the phyllaries broadly ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong, acute and often apiculate. ‘‘Tacotillo” (Sinaloa). 32. Vernonia triflosculosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 40. 1820. Gymnanthemum congestum Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 20: 110. 1821. Vernonia triantha Schauer, Linnaea 19: 714. 1847. Vernonia luxensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 41. 1895. Vernonia dumeta Klatt, “Leopoldina Bot. Beibl. 1. 1895.” Colima to Costa Rica; type collected near Acaguisotla, Guerrero. Shrubby or arborescent, the stem cinereous-tomentulose, glabrescent; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic or oblanceolate, 5.5 to 12 em. long, 1.3 to 3 cm. wide, subglabrous above, subglabrous to thinly tomentulose beneath; heads 3-flowered; involucre whitish, 5 mm. high, the phyllaries rotund-ovate to oblong, obtuse to (inner) acuminate, ciliate or ciliolate; achenes pubescent. “Tubusi” (Costa Rica); ‘“rdjate luego,” ‘“‘sauquillo,” “suquinay prieto,”’ ‘“barreto’’ (El Salvador). 33. Vernonia heydeana Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 42. 1895, Eremosis heydeana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 234. 1906. Southern Mexico. Guatemala; type from San Miguel Uspantén, Department of Quiché. Shrubby, the stem puberulent or glabrate; leaves elliptic or ovate, 8 to 10 cm. long, 4.5 to 6 cm. wide, acute at each end, sparsely pubescent above, thinly tomentose beneath or glabrescent; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, ciliate; achenes glabrous or minutely glandular. 1418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM DOUBTFUL SPECIES. VERNONIA HYPOLEUCA DC. Prodr. 5: 27. 1836. Probably not a Vernonia. VERNONIA PURPURASCENS Schultz Bip.; Walp. Rep. 2: 945. 1843. Eremosis purpurascens Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 233. 1906. This species has been referred by Gleason ! to the synonymy of Eremosis tomentosa (= Vernonia monosis), but the heads are described as 3-flowered, while they are 1-flowered in that species. 2. OLIGANTHES Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (1817: 10. 1817, hyponym;) 1818: 58. 1818. REFERENCE: Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 235. 1906. 1. Oliganthes oxylepis Benth.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 233. 1873. Known only from the type locality, Yueatdn or Tabasco. Suffrutescent (?), “0.5 to 0.6 meters high;” stem tomentose; leaf blades rhombic, 8 to 11 em. long, 3 to 4.5 em. wide, acute at each end, crenate-dentate, short-petioled, quickly glabrate and green above, densely ochroleucous-tomentose beneath; heads 8 or 9-flowered, sessile or subsessile in small clusters at tips of branches; involucre 9 to 10 mm. high, about 6-seriate, graduate, the phyllaries dry, lanceolate, glabrous, cuspidate-attenuate, erect or slightly spreading at tip; achenes turbinate, 7 or 8-ribbed, glabrous; pappus a low entire crown. 3. PIQUERIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 18. pl. 235. 1795. REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Piqueria, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 4-16. 1906. The genus was named for A. Piquer, a Spanish physician of the eighteenth century. Piqueria trinervia Cav., a widespread herbaceous species of Mexico, is grown frequently in greenhouses for its handsome fragrant white flowers. The following vernacular names are reported for this species: “‘Hierba del tabardillo” (Puebla, Jalisco); “hierba de San Nicolds,”’ “yoloxiltic,” “xoxonitzal’’ (Hidalgo) ; “tabardillo”’ (Zacatecas). An infusion of the leaves is employed locally as a remedy for typhoid fever. 1. Piqueria serrata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1880. San Luis Potosf; type from Alvdrez Mountains. Shrubby; stem obscurely bifarious-puberulous; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades ovate-oblong, 7 to 9 em. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, abruptly narrowed at base, coarsely and sharply serrate; heads small, numerous in small rounded cymose panicles, 3-flowered; phyllaries elliptic-ovate, 3-nerved, rounded, mucronate, erose-ciliate; flowers white; achenes 5-angled, glabrous, with a deciduous annulus. la. Piqueria serrata angustifolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sei. III. 50: 151. 1895. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Leaves lanceolate, obscurely crenate-serrate. 4. DECACHAETA DC. Prodr. 5: 133. 1836. 1. Decachaeta haenkeana DC. Prodr. 5: 133. 1836. Sinaloa to southern Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent, erect; leaves alternate, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong, 8.5 to 25 em. long, 2.3 to 5 em. wide, serrate, reticulate, short-petioled, puberulous beneath; heads numerous, sessile and clustered on short peduncles in thyrsoid panicles on axillary branches; heads 7 mm. high; involucre graduated, the phyllaries dry, scarious-margined; flowers whitish; achenes black, 5-angled; pappus bristles 10 to 15 in a single series, hispidulous, slightly dilated at tip. 1N. Amer. Fl. 33: 100. 1922. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1419 5. ALOMIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 151. pl. 354. 1820. REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Alomia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 438-454. 1913. 1. Alomia isocarphoides (DC.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 449. 1913. Coelestina isocarphoides DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836. Coelestina isocarphoides dentata DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836. Ageratum isocarphoides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 82. 1881. Carelia isocarphoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Type from Mexico, without definite locality; doubtfully recorded from Veracruz. Suffruticose, hispid-pubescent; leaves opposite, the blades lanceolate, acumi- nate, subsessile, 3-nerved, scabrous above, velvety-villous beneath; heads about 25-flowered, corymbose; pappus none. (Description compiled.) A doubtful species. 6. JALISCOA S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 153. 1890. Suffrutescent; leaves opposite or ternate, ovate, thin, slender-petioled, tripli- nerved; heads small, in dense corymbiform panicles terminating stem and branches; involucre 2-seriate, equal, dryish; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white; achene 4-angled, slender; pappus a mere border or a lacerate-fimbriate crown. Only the two species here listed are known. Pappus an obscure entire callous border; leaves sharply serrate --1. J. pringlei. Pappus a lacerate-fimbriate crown; leaves obtusely serrate or crenate-serrate. 2. J. pappifera. 1. Jaliscoa pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 153. 1890. Known only from the type locality, Rio Grande de Santiago, barranca of Guadalajara, Jalisco. Erect, branched, obscurely puberulous, 1.6 to 2.6 meters high; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, acuminate, sharply and closely serrate, loosely glandular- puberulous beneath, more densely so along the veins. 2. Jaliscoa pappifera Blake, Contr. U. 5. Nat. Herb. 22: 587. 1924. Known only from the type locality, near Cuernavaca, Morelos. Similar; leaves obtusely serrate or crenate-serrate, sparsely puberulous beneath with mostly appressed hairs; pappus a lacerate-fimbriate crown about 0.3 mm. high. The stems of this and the preceding species are always more or less densely riddled by elliptic holes, evidently made by weevils, which sometimes extend quite through the stem. 7 OAXACANIA Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 151. 1895. 1. Oaxacania malvaefolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 151. 1895. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca. Suffrutescent, much branched, very leafy, densely glandular-pubescent, about 1 meter long; leaves alternate, the blades roundish, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, shorter than the petioles, about 5-lobed, the lobes again lobulate; heads 1 to 1.2 cm. high, panicled, pedunculate; involucre about 5-seriate, graduated, the phyllaries dryish, vittate; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white; achenes linear, strongly compressed, blackish, hispidulous with subglandular hairs; pappus a short lacerate crown. 8, ASCHENBORNIA Schauer, Linnaea 19: 716. 1847. 1. Aschenbornia heteropoda Schauer, Linnaea 19: 716. 1847. Known only from the type locality, Tacubaya, State of Mexico. 1420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pubescent shrub; leaves opposite, the blades broad-ovate, 2.5 to 3.7 em. long and about as wide, acute, coarsely acuminate-serrate, venose, scabrous above, resinous-punctate and pubescent on the veins beneath, very short-petioled; heads 4 to 6 at apex of branches, short-pediceled; involucre cylindric-subhemi- spheric, the phyllaries imbricate, membranaceous, the outer small, the inner oblong-linear, very obtuse, glabrous; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white; achenes subtetragonous, villous, 4mm. long; pappus of about 15 membranaceous fimbriate obtuse squamellae about 1 mm. long. (Description compiled.) e 9. AGERATUM L. Sp. Pl. 839. 1753. REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Ageratum, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 454-483. 1913. Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually opposite, ovate or lanceolate; heads usually in a terminal corymbose cluster on a long peduncle; involucre usually campanulate, 2 or 3-seriate, subequal, with narrow, somewhat indurate phyllaries; receptacle naked or paleaceous; achenes 5-angled; pappus a paleaceous crown (in all the following species) or of distinct or basally united, sometimes aristate squamellae, Receptacle paleaceous. Leaves densely gray-pilose or tomentose beneath. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, acuminate to acute or obtusish, densely dotted with reddish glands beneath..-___-_.______.._..____ 1. A. paleaceum. Leaves ovate, obtuse or acute, not obviously gland-dotted beneath. 2. A. albidum. Leaves green and sparsely puberulous beneath. Leaves elongate-lanceolate, attenuate, sharply serrate. 8a. A. salicifolium annectens. Leaves ovate, acutish, crenate___._....____________ .8. A. elassocarpum. Receptacle naked. Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, about twice as long as wide, if rarely lanceolate then narrowed to an obtuse tip. Leaves dull green or only slightly shining above, beneath dull and usually rather densely pubescent. Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath_.________ 4. A. tomentosum. Leaves from nearly glabrous to grayish-tomentose beneath. 5. A. corymbosum. Leaves bright green and shiny above, beneath paler but green, and sparsely puberulous on the nerves. Leaves crenate-serrate; corollas bluish; stem subglabrous. 6. A. scabriusculum. Leaves serrate; corollas white; stem densely incurved-puberulous. 7. A. lucidum. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, 3 to 5 times as long as wide. 8. A. salicifolium. 1, Ageratum paleaceum (C. Gay) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881. Coelestina paleacea C. Gay; DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836. Carelia paleacea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Ageratum rhytidophyllum Robinson, Proe. Amer. Acad. 36: 476. 1901. Oaxaca; type collected near City of Oaxaca. Frutescent, about 60 em. high; leaves short-petioled, the blades lanceolate to ovate, acuminate to acute, beneath reticulate, canescent-pilose, and densely dotted with reddish glands, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 8 to 22 mm. wide; corollas purplish blue toward apex. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1421 2, Ageratum albidum (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 81. 1881. Coelestina albida DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836. Carelia albida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Oaxaca; type collected between Oaxaca and Mitla. Herbaceous or suffrutescent, up to 60 cm. high; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, obtuse or merely acute, densely dull-pilose beneath, the glands pale and obscure; flowers white. This species is described by Robinson as an herbaceous perennial, as it is in two of the sheets in the National Herbarium; Nelson’s no. 1208, however, is truly woody below. 2a. Ageratum albidum nelsonii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 471. 1913. Oaxaca; type collected between Zanantepec and Papana. Leaves larger and thinner, broadly ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide; petioles longer; corollas apparently bluish. 3. Ageratum elassocarpum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 588. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Tonala, Chiapas. Base not seen; stem herbaceous above, over 50 cm. high; leaves on petioles 8 to 15 mm. long, the blades triangular-ovate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 2.8 cm. wide, narrowed to an obtuse tip, rather dull above, beneath equally green, puberulous along the veins and densely punctate with light glands; heads small, 4 mm. high, the phyllaries and pales somewhat indurate-cuspidate; achenes 1.3 mm. long. 4. Ageratum tomentosum (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 84. 1881. Coelestina tomentosa Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 71. 1852. Carelia tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. San Luis Potos{ and Puebla to Costa Rica; type from Candelaria, Costa Rica. Herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate to triangu- lar-ovate, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, 1 to 4m. wide, obtuse, dull above, densely whitish.- tomentose beneath; flowers bluish purple or white. 5. Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni; Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 402. 1807. “ Sparganophorus ageratoides Lag. Elench. Pl. 25. 1815.” Ageratum coelestinum Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 42: pl. 1730. 1815. Coelestina coerulea Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 6: Suppl. 8. 1817. Coelestina ageratoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 151. 1820. Coelestina suffruticosa Sweet, Hort. Brit. 229. 1826. Coelestina corymbosa DC. Prodr. 5: 108. 1836. Coelestina lessingiana Klotzsch; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 545, 1843. Carelia corymbosa Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Coelestina sclerophylla Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 176. 1913. Sonora to Zacatecas and the Valley of Mexico. Texas. Type locality not stated. Suffrutescent or fruticose, up to 70 em. high; leaves very variable, the blades 2 to 11 cm. long, ovate to oval or rarely lanceolate, obtuse to acute, from nearly glabrous to dull grayish-tomentose beneath, dotted with pale or reddish glands; flowers violet or white. “ Cielitos.”’ Numerous varieties and forms based on leaf form and color are described by Robinson.! 1 Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 475-477. 1913. 1422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 6. Ageratum scabriusculum (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881. Coelestina scabriuscula Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 72. 1852. Carelia scabriuscula Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Western Mexico (between San Blas and Tepic) to Costa Rica; type from Voledn El Viejo, Costa Rica. Herbaceous or suffruticose, decumbent; leaf blades ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 3.5 cm, wide, crenate-serrate, shining above, beneath duller green, sparsely puberulous along the veins; corollas glabrous, bluish; pappus usually dentate. 7. Ageratum lucidum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 475, 1901. Morelos; type from Sierra de Topaxtldn, near Cuernavaca. Frutescent, up to 50 em. high; leaf blades ovate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, 7 to 25 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, firm, shining above, beneath light-punctate, sparsely puberulous along the veins; heads broader than high, rather large; corollas white, glandular; pappus subentire. 8. Ageratum salicifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881. Ageratum strictum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881. Carelia salicifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Carelia stricta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. Jalisco to Morelos; type collected between San Blas and Tepic. Herbaceous or fruticose, up to 1.3 meters high; leaves short-petioled, the blades narrowly lanceolate, 4.5 to 11 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.7 cm. wide, attenuate, remotely serrate or subentire, green both sides, beneath sparsely puberulous along the veins and densely dotted with yellowish glands; corollas whitish, glandular-dotted; achenes 1.5 to 2 mm. long. 8a. Ageratum salicifolium annectens Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 588. 1924. Known only from the type locality, near Cuernavaca, Morelos. Receptacle paleaceous except in center, the pales linear-subulate. 10. OX YLOBUS Moc.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879. Rererence: Robinson, Revision of the genus Ozxylobus, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 483-487. 1913. Fruticose or suffrutescent, densely glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite, subcoriaceous, not punctate; heads cymose-panicled; involuere subequal, the phyllaries subherbaceous, ribbed; receptacle naked; achenes 5-angled; pappus of 5 to 10 unequal, deeply lacerate squamellae. The genus contains only the following species. Stem leafy throughout. Leaves elliptic, entire or subentire, 2 to 10 mm. wide_____1. O. arbutifolius. Leaves oval or oval-ovate, crenate, 10 to 18 mm. wide__2. O. glanduliferus. Leaves chiefly basal, obovate, those of the stem few and remote. 3. O. adscendens. 1. Oxylobus arbutifolius (H. B. K.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 26. 1879. Ageratum arbutifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 149. 1820. Phania arbutifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836. Phania trinervia DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836. Oxylobus trinervius Moc.; DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836, as synonym, Carelia arbutifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. High mountains, Puebla; type from Mount Nauhcampatepetl or Cofre de Perote, altitude about 3,110 meters. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1423 Fruticose, decumbent, cespitose, the branches up to 60 em. long, very leafy; leaves subsessile or short-petioled, the blades elliptic, 8 to 20 mm. long, 2 to 10 mm. wide; heads crowded, white, about 7 mm. high. 2. Oxylobus glanduliferus (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884. Ageratum glanduliferum Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 82. 1881. Carelia glandulifera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. High mountains of Oaxaca; type from Mount Zempoaltepec. Frutescent, up to 1.3 meters high, leafy; leaf blades oval or oval-ovate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 10 to 18 mm. wide, crenate, the lower petioled; heads white or bluish, 7 to 8 mm. high. , 3. Oxylobus-adscendens (Schultz Bip.) Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 41: 272. 1905. Ageratum adscendens Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 80. 1881. Carelia adscendens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891. High mountains of Puebla, Hidalgo, and State of Mexico; type from Mount Orizaba. Scarcely frutescent, creeping and leafy at base; stem herbaceous, up to 50 ecm. high, bearing 3 or 4 remote pairs of leaves; leaf blades obovate or spatulate- obovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, crenulate, narrowed into a shorter petiole; heads crowded at tip of stem, about 8 mm. high. 11. AGERATELLA A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887. Rererence: Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 271. 1905. Frutescent or suffrutescent, with slender stems and alternate or opposite leaves; heads numerous, small or medium, somewhat racemose-paniculate; involucre strongly graduated, the dryish scarious-margined phyllaries more or less in 5 vertical ranks; receptacle naked; achenes 5-angled; pappus of 5 scarious lance- ovate squamellae prolonged into hispidulous bristles much longer than the achene. _ The genus contains only two species. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, or obovate__1. A. microphylla. Leaves alternate, linear to linear-oblanceolate__._-.-.-.--------2. A. palmeri. 1. Ageratella microphylla (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887. Ageratum microphyllum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 298. 1856. Decachaeta seemanni Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 239. 1873; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 78. pl. 42. 1881. Ageraiella microphylla seemanni A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419, 1887. Sinaloa (?) and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Shrubby, about 30 em. high, much branched; leaves mostly opposite, short- petioled, the blades broadly ovate to rhombic or obovate, 6 to 12 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, crenate-serrate, veiny, finely puberulous and gland-dotted; heads clustered in the axils and toward tip of stem, cylindric, 8 mm. high, forming a very narrow, loosely spicate panicle. 2. Ageratella palmeri (A. Gray) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 272. 1905. Ageratella microphylla palmeri A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887. Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco. Suffrutescent, less branched, up to 60 cm. high; leaves alternate, the blades narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 10 to 22 mm. long, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, subentire or sparsely toothed; heads 7 mm. high, numerous in a close or rather loose, spicate or racemelike panicle. 57020—26——_8 1424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 12. STEVIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 32. 1797. Shrubs or herbs, often glutinous, with mostly opposite leaves; heads small, 5 to 8-flowered (in all the following species), corymbose-panicled ; phyllaries 5 to 8, subequal, stiffish, subherbaceous; corollas all tubular, slender, white or purplish; achenes slender, usually 5-ribbed, glabrous or hispidulous; pappus of 2 to 12 short squamellae, or slender awns, or both. Leaves more or less densely griseous-pubescent to canescent-tomentose beneath. Leaves 2.5 cm. long or less; involucre densely canescent-tomentulose. 1. S. tephrophylla. Leaves 2.5 cm. long or more; involucre green, rarely griseous-tomentellous. Leaves obscurely petioled, lance-linear, entire, densely canescent-tomentose POT oe le ee eee eee 2. 8. revoluta. Leaves distinctly petioled, lanceolate to ovate, almost always toothed, grise- ous-pubescent or puberulous beneath. Hairs of branches and leaves mostly glandular-capitate. 3. S. glandulosa. Hairs of branches and leaves not glandular-capitate. Involucre griseous-tomentellous, 4 mm. high; leaves ovate or ovate- elliptic; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long_____.______-_ 4. S. dictyophylla. Involucre merely griseous-pilosulous or griseous-pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate to lance-ovate or lance-oblong; petioles usually 8 to 25 mm. long-_---.--....--.------_-_-_ 8 5. S. subpubescens. Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath. Leaf blades oval-ovate, obtuse, coarsely crenate, 3.2 cm. long or less, nearly as wide as long___-__--.-_.________________________ 6. 8. berlandieri. Leaf blades linear to ovate or oval-ovate, usually acute, much longer than wide. Leaves with all veins (including the secondaries) strongly prominulous- reticulate especially beneath. Pappus of awns and squamellae________________________ 7. 8. nervosa. Pappus of short squamellae only. Stem and leaves pubescent__._.-.__________.._____ 8. S. madrensis. Stem and leaves glabrous. Heads in very dense subglobose glomerules solitary at tips of stem and branches of inflorescence; leaves 8 to 14.5 cm. long, their teeth acute__...-.____. 22 ee 9. 8. phlebophylla. Heads densely corymbose-paniculate, not glomerate; leaves 7 cm. long or less. Leaves obtuse to acute, 13 mm. wide or less; petioles 3 mm. long ON NO ae oe ee eee 10. S. venosa. Leaves acuminate, 25 to 30 mm. wide; petioles 20 mm. long. 11. S. nitida. Leaves obscurely veined, or at least with the secondaries not prominulous. Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1 em. wide or less. Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, 4 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, or smaller; heads few______________- 12. S. collodes. Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, often toothed, usually 6 to 8 cm. long. Leaves linear-filiform to very narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or sharply toothed, 0.8 to 4 mm. wide________18. 8. stenophylla. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually serrulate, usually 5 to 10 mm. wide__._______.________14. 8. salicifolia. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or oval-ovate, rarely less than 1 cm. wide. Young branches white-lanate, becoming arachnoid, finally glabrate. 15. 8. seleriana. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1425 Young branches not white-lanate or arachnoid. Stem villous-pubescent above; pappus of about 10 narrowly linear awns about 0.3 mm. long__--___-_----.-- 16. S. microchaeta. Stem glabrous or merely puberulous above; pappus otherwise. Leaves distinctly petioled, the petioles usually 10 to 25 mm. long. Leaves obtuse or obtusish, ovate, crenate-serrate; stem cineras- cent-puberulous above___------- -- -- 17. S. pyrolaefolia. Leaves usually acute to acuminate, if obtusish of different 2} 042) 0: ee 18. S. lucida. Leaves sessile or on petioles 6 mm. long or less. Leaves sessile, very acute, serrate.___---_----- 19. S. connata. Leaves short-petioled or with short petioliform bases. Pappus awns 2 to 10, nearly or quite equaling the corolla; leaves toothed. Stem thinly velutinous at apex; awns of pappus 10 to 12, equaling the achenes______-_-------- 20. S. haenkeana. Stem glabrous or sparsely pubescent toward apex; awns of pappus 2 to 5, much longer than the achenes. 21. S. vernicosa. Pappus awns wanting or solitary. Leaves entire, 6 cm. long or less. Leaves 3.5 to 6 cm. long; squamellae 0.2 mm. long. 22. 8. flourensioides. Leaves 3.3 cm. long or less; squamellae 0.6 mm. long. 23. S. integra. Leaves serrate, 7.5 cm. long____-.-------- 24. S. scabrella. 1. Stevia tephrophylla Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 590. pl. 64. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Los Pinos, Chiapas. Shrub about 25 cm. high, branched, densely cinereous-tomentulose; leaves opposite, the blades ovate to oval, obtuse, rather abruptly narrowed into the cuneate-margined petioliform base, 2 to 2.5 em. long, 7 to 13 mm. wide, crenulate, dull cinerascent-green above, densely cinereous-tomentulose beneath; corymbs very dense, about 2.8 cm. wide, little exceeding the leaves; flowers white; in- volucre 4.8 mm. high; pappus of 2 or 3 awns and about 6 squamellae. 2. Stevia revoluta Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617. 1909. Mountains of Puebla; type from Cerro de Gentile, altitude 2,135 to 2,440 meters. Shrubby, about 0.5 meter high, dichotomously branched, densely sordid- puberulous above; leaves opposite, the blades linear-lanceolate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, entire, usually revolute, subsessile, densely canescent-tomentose beneath, dull green and puberulous above; panicles 3.5 to 8 em. wide; involucre glandular-pilosulous; flowers white; pappus of short lacerate squamellae. 3. Stevia glandulosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 296. 1840. Sonora, Jalisco, and Tepic; type from Jalisco. Shrubby, dichotomously branched, densely and sordidly spreading-pubescent with chiefly gland-tipped hairs; leaves opposite, the blades ovate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2.2 em. wide, acutish, rounded-cuneate at base, serrate, densely glandular-pubescent especially beneath, on petioles 0.5 to 1.5 em. long; heads densely crowded, the panicles 3 to 5 cm. wide; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, pubescent with both glandular and eglandular spreading hairs; flowers white; pappus of squamellae only. ‘“‘ Merba’’ (Tepic). 1426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 4. Stevia dictyophylla Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617, 1909. tuanajuato and Jalisco; type from Guanajuato. Shrubby, crisp-tomentellous; leaves opposite, the blades ovate or oval-elliptic, 3.5 to 6 cm, long, 12 to 25 mm. wide, acutish, entire or obsoletely crenate-dentate, above scabriusculous, beneath paler, crisp-puberulous, prominently reticulate- nervose, on petioles 3 to 7 mm. long; panicles dense, 12 to 14 cm. wide; involucre 4 mm. long, griseous-tomentellous; flowers white; pappus of minute squamellze. 5° Stevia subpubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816. Sonora to Valley of Mexico and Oaxaca. Shrub 1 to 1.6 meters high, branched, griseous-puberulous; leaves opposite, the blades lance-oblong or lance-ovate, 4 to 9.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate or acute, at base acutely cuneate, serrulate or subentire, above green, glabrescent or puberulous, beneath densely or sparsely griseous-puberulous or sometimes merely hispidulous along the costa, on naked petioles mostly 1 ta 3 cm. long; heads in rather dense panicles usually 3 to 8 cm. wide; involucre densely or sometimes sparsely griseous-pilosulous or puberulous; flowers white; pappus of short squamellae only. 6. Stevia berlandieri A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 73. 1859. Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas; type from San Carlos, Tamaulipas. Shrubby, about 0.5 meter high, glandular-dotted but essentially glabrous; leaves opposite, the blades oval-ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish, sparsely crenate-serrate, at base rounded or subtruncate, essentially glabrous, on petioles 1 to 2 em. long; panicles rather dense, 4 cm. wide or less; involucre 6 mm. high, dotted with sessile glands; corollas apparently pinkish; achene glabrous; pappus coroniform, short. 6a. Stevia berlandieri podadenia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 616. 1909. San Luis Potosi. Branches, petioles, and leaves crisp-pubescent; involucre stipitate-glandular. 6b. Stevia berlandieri anadenotricha Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617. 1909. Southwestern Chihuahua. ; Densely crisp-puberulous; leaves 4 to 5 cm. long, 3.5 to 4 em, wide; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, crisp-puberulous, not glandular. 7. Stevia nervosa DC. Prodr. 5: 117. 1836. Known only from the type locality, near Villalpando, Guanajuato. Shrubby, the branches densely short-velutinous; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades elliptic, 12 to 30 mm. long, 10 to 12 mm. wide, subacute, at base atten- uate, subserrate, thinly pubescent both sides, the nerves prominulous beneath; branches subhirtellous; heads crowded; involucre subhirtellous; achene glabrous; pappus of squamellae and 1 to 3 awns. (Description compiled.) No specimens of this species have been examined, and its position here in the genus is inferential. 8. Stevia madrensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 382. 1886. Known only from the type locality, among pines on summit of mountains, Cumbre, above Batopilas, Chihuahua, altitude 2,685 meters. Suffrutescent, about 30 em. high, branched, incurved-hispidulous; leaves oppo- site, the blades narrowly elliptic or lance-elliptic, 3 to 6 em. long, 5 to 9 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, cuneate into the barely petioled base, serrulate, sparsely pubescent and strongly venose both sides, paler green beneath; panicles dense, 1.2 to 2 em. wide; involucre sparsely appressed-pubescent; flowers lilac-purple; pappus coroniform. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1427 9. Stevia phlebophylla A. Gray in 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887. Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco. Shrubby, about 1 meter high, simple or slightly branched, glabrous; leaves opposite, the blades oblong-elliptic or oval-ovate, 8.5 to 14 em. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, serrulate or sharply serrate, acuminate, cuneate at base, glabrous and glaucescent, very veiny, on petioles 1 cm. long or less; panicles very dense, glomerate, terminating stem and branches or inflorescence; involucre spreading- pubescent and glandular; flowers white; achene glabrous; pappus short, coroni- form. 10. Stevia venosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 382. 1886. Chihuahua; type collected 150 miles north of Batopilas. Suffrutescent or herbaceous, about 0.5 meter high, simple, glabrous but gland- dotted; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 6 em. long, 8 to 20 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, at base cuneate, glabrous, glaucescent, very veiny; panicles dense, 4 to 9 cm. wide; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, incurved- puberulous and glandular; flowers purplish-tinged; achene hispidulous; pappus short, coroniform. 11. Stevia nitida Walp. Linnaea 14: 320. 1840. Mexico; definite locality not known. Fruticose ?, glabrous, oppositely branched; leaves opposite, on petioles about 20 mm. long, the blades ovate-elliptic, about 7 em. long, 25 to 30 mm. wide, acuminate, serrate, glabrous, shining above, glaucous beneath, penninerved; corymb many-headed, terminal; phyllaries obtuse; achene glabrous; pappus coroniform. (Description compiled.) No specimens of this species have been examined, and its position here is inferential. 12. Stevia collodes Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 93. 1903. Puebla; type from calcareous hills near Tehuacdn. Shrub about 0.5 meter high or less, oppositely branched, viscid, puberulous’ above; leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, entire, thick, obscurely veined, obscurely puberulous or glabrous; heads few, in small subumbelliform panicles about 1 to 2 em. wide; involucre 7 to 9 mm. long, the phyllaries acute; corollas white, 8.5 to 9 mm. long, glandular except on teeth; achene hispidulous above; pappus coroniform. 13. Stevia stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879. Stevia foliosa Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 1163, 1903. Chihuahua to Querétaro; type collected near San Luis Potosi. Texas. Slender, oppositely branched shrub, 0.2 to 0.6 meter high, incurved-puberulous chiefly above; leaves opposite, linear-filiform to very narrowly linear-lanceolate, or rarely narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm. long, 0.8 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate, narrowed into a petioliform base, entire or sharply toothed, essentially glabrous; panicles dense, flattish, 2 to 8 em. wide; involucre 4 to 56 mm. high, subglabrous or sparsely puberulous; flowers white; achene sparsely hispidulous; pappus of awns and squamellae, rarely of squamellae only. 14. Stevia salicifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 32. pl. 354. 1797. ?Stevia angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 149. 1820. Durango to Mexico and Puebla. Shrub about 0.6 meter high or less, oppositely branched, appressed-puberulous, especially above, or nearly glabrous; leaves opposite, the blades narrowly lan- ceolate, linear-lanceolate, or lance-elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. long, usually 5 to 10 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, entire or usually serrulate, on petioles 3 to 10 mm. long; panicles dense, flattish, 2.5 to 14 cm. wide; involucre 5 mm. high, 1428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM viscid and sparsely puberulous; flowers white; achene finely hispidulous; pappus usually of awns and squamellae, rarely of squamellae only. ‘‘Hierba del aire”’ (Hidalgo, Villada). 14a. Stevia salicifolia nana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879. San Luis Potosf. A dwarf viscid form, with narrowly lanceolate or oblan- ceolate, sometimes obtuse leaves only 2 to 3.3 em. long and 2 to 7 mm. wide. It makes a near approach to the closely related Stevia stenophylla A. Gravy. 15. Stevia seleriana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 327. 1900. Known only from the type locality, in mountain woods between San Carlos and Santo Bartolo, Yautepec, Morelos. Stoutish shrub, white-lanate in youth, soon arachnoid, finally glabrate; leaves opposite, on petioles 1.8 em. long, the blades oblong, 8 to 10 em. long, 2.3 to 3 cm. wide, crenate, subentire toward the acutish apex, glabrous; panicle 4 em. wide; involucre 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers apparently white; pappus squamellate. 16. Stevia microchaeta Schultz Bip. Linnaea 25: 291. 1852. Known only from the type locality, near Oaxaca. Suffruticulose, somewhat viscous, villous-pubescent above; leaves opposite, lanceolate, 7.5 em. long, 12 to 14 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, subserrate; panicle compact, very many-headed; involucre 6 mm. long, glabrescent or slightly pubescent, the phyllaries acuminate; achene glabrous, elongate; pappus of about 10 narrowly linear, acute, subcaducous, entire setae about 0.3 mm. long. (De- scription compiled.) 17. Stevia pyrolaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 326. 1842. Known only from the type locality, “‘Mount Kakand6 en la Encarnacién,”’ Mexico. Fruticose, cinerascent-puberulous above; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, rarely obovate or subspatulate, 5 to 6.3 cm. long, 20 to 25 mm. wide, obtuse, cuneate-attenuate at base, glabrous, depressed-crenate-serrate; panicles small, compact; involucre 6 mm. long, the phyllaries obtuse; pappus of squamellae and 1 or 2 awns. (Description compiled.) 18. Stevia lucida Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816. ?Stevia glutinosa oaxacana DC. Prodr. 5: 116. 1836. ?Stevia grandidentata Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884. Stevia oaxracana Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884, as synonym. Jalisco and San Luis Potosf{ to Oaxaca; type from Ixmiquilpan and Zimapdn (“Cimmapan’’), Hidalgo. Costa Rica. Shrub about 1 meter high, very viscous, glabrous or puberulous in the inflor- escence; leaves opposite, on petioles usually 10 to 25 mm. long, the blades lance- ovate or lanceolate, sometimes ovate or oval-ovate, 3 to 10 em. long, (0.7) 1.2 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely obtusish, at base acute to rounded, serru- late to crenate-serrate, glabrous; panicles dense, 7 em. wide or less; involucre 5 to 6 mm. long, the phyllaries obtuse to acute; flowers white or purplish-tinged; achene finely hispidulous; pappus of awns and squamellae, or of squamellae only. “ Hierba de San Marcos.” 19. Stevia connata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 27. 1816. Mexico, without definite locality. Fruticose, 2 meters high or more, strict, glabrous; leaves opposite below, alternate above, oblong-lanceolate, sessile and connate at base, serrate, very acute; panicle fastigiate; flowers white; pappus of awns and squamellae. (De- scription compiled.) STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1429 20. Stevia haenkeana DC. Prodr. 5: 122. 1836. Mexico, without definite locality. Suffruticulose at base, oppositely branched, thinly velutinous at apex; leaves opposite, on petioles 6 mm. long, the blades elliptic, 24 to 28 mm. long, 12 mm. wide, attenuate at each end, dentate; phyllaries acuminate; achenes scabrius- culous; pappus of 10 to 12 awns as long as the achene. (Description compiled.) 21. Stevia vernicosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 33, 1904. Morelos and Mexico; type from Sierra de Tepoztlan, Morelos. Shrub about 1 meter high, oppositely branched, very viscid, glabrous and verrucose, sometimes somewhat pubescent above; leaves opposite, the blades lance-elliptic to oblanceolate, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, narrowed into a petioliform base, serrulate, glabrous, glutinous; panicles dense, small, leafy-bracted; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries ciliolate, acuminate; flowers white; achene hispidulous; pappus of minute squamellae and 2 to 5 awns about 8 mm. long. 22. Stevia flourensioides Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 589. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of Mexico, altitude 3,355 to 3,660 meters. Shrub 0.3 meter high and more, very viscid, loosely puberulous above with many-celled hairs, oppositely branched; leaves opposite, elliptic to oblong- elliptic, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 16 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish, cuneately nar- rowed to a subpetiolate base, thick, entire, with obscure veins; panicles 4.5 to 6.5 em. wide, dense, leafy-bracted; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to acute; flowers white; achene hispidulous; pappus coroniform, 0.2 mm. long. 23. Stevia integra Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 589. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila. Frutescent, about 25 cm. high, sparsely branched, puberulous, especially above, with ascending or appressed hairs; leaves opposite, scattered above, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 2.5 to 3.3 cm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, acute or obtusish, narrowed into a petioliform base, thick, entire, sparsely pubescent on the costa beneath or glabrous, obscurely veined; panicles dense, 1 to 2.8 cm. wide; flowers white; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, sparsely puberulous; achenes hispid- ulous; pappus of squamellae 0.6 mm. long, rarely with a single awn added. 24. Stevia scabrella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 19. 1839. Known only from the type locality, Bolafios, Jalisco. Suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves subternate, very short-petioled, the blades oblong-elliptic, 7.5 cm. long, 3.8 cm. wide, acute at each end, sparsely serrate, above glabrous and scabrellous; panicle very dense, fastigiate; phyllaries acute; pappus of very short squamellae. (Description compiled.) DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SreviA ELLIPTICA Hook & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 4384. 1840-41. Known only from the type locality, between San Blas and Tepic. Tall, shrubby, glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, serrate, triplinerved, at base short-attenuate and sessile; heads glomerate; pappus of 3 or 4 awns as long as the corolla. (Description compiled.) Apparently related to S. glandulosa Hook. & Arn. 13. HOFMEISTERIA Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 106, 1846-47. Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, branched; leaves alternate or opposite, fleshy, dentate to tripinnatisect, the petioles usually much longer than the blades; heads solitary on long peduncles, or panicled, medium-sized; involucre campanu- late, many-seriate, strongly graduate, of narrow acuminate dryish phyliaries; 1430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM receptacle naked; achenes linear or prismatic, 2 to 5-ribbed; pappus longer than achene, of 2 to 15 hispidulous bristles and few squamellae, the latter sometimes parted into shorter bristles, or of aristate-tipped squamellae. Heads panicled; leaves merely dentate. Leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, 0.4 to 2.4 em. long, half as long as the petioles or more_____-_-__-_------ 1. H. laphamioides. Leaf blades lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2 to 10 mm. long, many times shorter than the petioles_______-__-.---- ee. H. pluriseta. Heads solitary on long peduncles; leaves lobed to bipinnatisect. Leaves very fleshy, bipinnatisect into truly linear segments; squamellae dissected to base into bristles_.._________._________ 3. H. crassifolia. Leaves less fleshy, lobed to bipinnatisect, the ultimate segments not linear; squamellae not dissected__......-__-_______- 4. H. fasciculata. 1. Hofmeisteria laphamioides Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 79. 1890. Hofmeisteria pluriseta laphamioides I. M. Johnston, Proce. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1186. 1924, Baja California; type from San Pedro Martir Island. Shrub 0.6 meter high, glandular-puberulous; leaves chiefly opposite, the blades suborbicular to deltoid-ovate, 0.4 to 2.4 em. long and wide, crenate to dentate, obscurely or not at all lobed, shorter than the petioles; heads panicled, white; ’ involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries with short, obscurely herbaceous, sometimes spreading tips; pappus bristles about 10 to 12, sometimes chaffy-dilated at base, with usually as many alternating squamellae. la. Hofmeisteria laphamioides pauciseta (I. M. Johnston) Blake. Hofmeisteria pluriseta pauciseta I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad IV. 12: 1187. 1924. Baja California; type from San Pedro Nolasco Island, Gulf of California. Pappus setae 5 to 8, alternating with 5 to 8 oblong squamellae. 2. Hofmeisteria pluriseta A. Gray in Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: Bot. 96. pl. 9. 1857. Northern Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from Bill Williams Fork, Arizona. Shrubby, much branched, glandular-puberulous, about 30 em. high; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades chiefly lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2 to 10 mm. long, | to 4 mm. wide, entire or few-toothed, on petioles about 2.5 cm. long; heads white; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; longer pappus bristles about 12, ir- regularly alternating with about as many much shorter narrow scarious squa- mellae or bristles. 3. Hofmeisteria crassifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889. Sonora; type from Guaymas. Suffrutescent, glabrous, with stout branches; leaves alternate, the blades 1 to 1.5 em. long, triangular in outline, once or twice ternately parted into linear fleshy lobes; heads pink, broader than high; phyllaries glabrous, with erose margins; longer pappus bristles 5, the squamellae dissected into shorter bristles. The flowers are said to be very fragrant. 4. Hofmeisteria fasciculata (Benth.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 106. 1846-47. Helogyne fasciculata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph, 20. pl. 14. 1844. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Suffruticose or frutescent, essentially glabrous; leaves opposite below, alternate above, the blades deltoid or suborbicular in outline, 1.5 to 4 em. long and wide, ternately parted or lobed, the lobes again irregularly lobed, the ultimate divisions oblong to triangular; involucre resinous-atomiferous; flowers lilac; pappus bristles 2 or 3; squamellae 2 or 3, linear, merely laciniate. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1431 4a. Hofmeisteria fasciculata xanti A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 299. 1876. Hofmeisteria fasciculata grayt T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 160. 1903. Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Similar, but leaves merely 3-lobed halfway to middle, the lobes broad, sparsely repand-dentate. 4b. Hofmeisteria fasciculata pubescens (8. Wats.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 192. 1911. Hofmeisteria pubescens 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 54, 1889. Baja California; type from Mulejé. Densely glandular-pubescent, usually taller than the type; leaves often more finely divided than in the typical form. 14, FLEISCHMANNIA Schultz Bip. Flora 33: 417. 1850. Suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves opposite or alternate, dentate to biter- nately parted; heads (in the following species) solitary on long peduncles, the involucre many-seriate, strongly graduate, the phyllaries dry, acuminate, striate; receptacle naked; achenes linear, 5-angled; pappus of 5 to 8 bristles, with minute setulose squamellae between them, or the latter united into a low crown or obsolete. Stem densely glandular-pubescent--_----------------------- 1. F. schaffneri. Stem glabrate below, sparsely glandular-pilose above__-------- 2. F. urenifolia. 1. Fleischmannia schaffneri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 101. 1879. San Luis Potos{ and Jalisco; type from San Francisco, San Luis Potosi. Suffrutescent, about 20 cm. high; leaves chiefly alternate, the blades triangular in outline, about 1 em. long and wide, once or twice ternately parted into spatu- late-linear, sparsely dentate lobes 3 mm. wide or less; flowers whitish or purplish- tinged; pappus of 5 or 6 bristles and a low denticulate crown. 2. Fleischmannia urenifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 91.1881, as F. wrenaefolia. Phania ? urenifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840. Fleischmannia langlassei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 273. 1905. Tepic and Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Tepic. : Leaves alternate, the blades trifid or pinnately trisect with stalked trifid ter- minal lobe, the segments obtuse; phyllaries linear-acuminate, except for a few ovate outer ones. ‘‘Clavellilo.” 15. PIPTOTHRIX A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 383. 1886. Suffrutescent (or herbaceous?), slender, branched; leaves opposite, ovate, peti- olate or subsessile; heads small, in close small panicles; involucre about 2-seriate, of mostly subequal, dryish or subherbaceous phyllaries; flowers white; achenes 5-angled; pappus a single series of capillary deciduous bristles. All the known species of the genus are included in this treatment. Stem and branches glabrous. Petioles 1 to 3 em. long; leaves triangular or deltoid-ovate, 3 to 7 cm. wide. Petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long; leaves deltoid-ovate, with 25 to 30 pairs of teeth, the pubescence of the under leaf surface chiefly incurved. 1. P. goldmanii. Petioles mostly 2 to 3 cm. long; leaves triangular-ovate, with 11 to 18 pairs of teeth, the pubescence of the under leaf surface spreading. 2. P. aegiroides. Petioles 1 to 4 mm. long; leaves ovate, 1.3 to 4 cm. wide. Petioles and leaves glabrous, glaucescent___------------- 3. P. jaliscensis. 1432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Petioles and leaves pubescent, not glaucescent.___.________ 4. P. palmeri. Stem and branches densely pubescent. Heads 11-flowered; leaves rather densely pubescent over whole surface beneath. 5. P. pubens. Heads 8-flowered; leaves sparsely short-pubescent beneath chiefly along the venation._..__---__-.-.- 2-22 eee. 6. P. sinaloae. 1, Piptothrix goldmanii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 328. 1900. Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua. Suffrutescent (?); stem wine-color; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 6 to 9 em. long, 4.5 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, dentate-serrate, sparsely puberulous on the veins beneath; panicles about 7 cm. wide; heads 4 mm. high, about 24-flowered. 2. Piptothrix aegiroides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 273. 1905. Known only from the type locality, mountains about Etzatlan, Jalisco, altitude 1,830 meters. Herbaceous (?), 0.6 to 1.3 meters high; stem purplish; leaf blades triangular- ovate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 5.8 em. wide, acuminate, dentate-serrate, pubescent with several-celled hairs on the veins beneath ; heads 6 mm. high, 20-flowered. 3. Piptothrix jaliscensis Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 268. 1904. Known only from the type locality, mountains above Ktzatlan, Jalisco, altitude 1,830 meters. Suffrutescent (?), 0.6 to 1 meter high; stem glaucescent; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.8 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base; heads in close clusters, 6 mm. high. 4. Piptothrix palmeri A. Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. 21: 383. 1886. Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua. Frutescent; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 2.8 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, puberulous beneath on the veins, as well as on the petioles; panicles rounded, about 4 em. wide; heads 5 mm. high, white or “ochroleucous.”’ 5. Piptothrix pubens A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887. Chihuahua and Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco, Jalisco. Frutescent, up to 2 meters high; stem and branches sordid-puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, 1 to 3.2 em. wide, heads 3.5 to 5 mm. high. 6. Piptothrix sinaloae Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 190. 1919. Known only from the type locality, Sierra del Mineral del Tominil, San Ignacio, Sinaloa, altitude 1,500 meters. Shrub 0.5 to 0.8 meters high; branches densely incurved-pubescent; leaf blades ovate, 5 to 5.5 em. long, 2 to 3.2 em. wide, acuminate, serrate. 16. EUPATORIUM L. Sp. Pl. 836. 1753. (Contributed by Dr. B. L. Robinson.) Rersrences: H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 104-134. 1820; DC. Prodr. 5: 141-186. 1836. Shrubs or small trees, or often herbs; leaves mostly opposite, filiform to orbic- ular, membranaceous to coriaceous; heads homogamous, (1—mostly) 5 to 100- flowered, usually in corymbose or thyrsoid panicles; corollas red, purple, blue, or white, rarely ochroleucous or greenish yellow; anthers appendaged at the tip, entire at base; style branches long and at maturity much exserted, threadlike or more often club-shaped, often colored; achenes columnar to obovoid, 5-ribbed or 5-angled; pappus of many hairlike bristles, white, sordid, straw-colored, roseate, purple, or tawny, usually subequal, occasionally the outermost much shorter. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1433 A very large, chiefly American genus, most diversified and abundant from Mexico to Argentina. Of little economic importance. Some species are applied in folk medicine. Several have value in horticulture. At least one, with aromatic qualities, is used in flavoring tobacco. A. Receptacle glabrous, flat or nearly so. B. Involucre cylindrical, (2-)3-5 times as long as thick; phyllaries closely imbrieated in 3-5 series. Section CYLINDROCEPHALA. Phyllaries herbaceous-tipped, tending to be squarrose- - - 1. E. sagittatum. Phyllaries appressed, not much altered at tip. Leaves alternate, subsessile__...------------------- 2. E. pulchellum., Leaves opposite. Leaves subsessile by a narrowed cordate base, pinnate-veined. 3. E. glaberrimum. Leaves petioled, 3 to 5-nerved. Heads 4 to 6-flowered. Heads subsessile near tips of panicle branches. Stems terete, hollow; leaves tapering from near base. 4, E. lozanoanum. Stems angled, pithy; leaves broadest near middle. 5. E. conzattii. Heads slender-pediceled, corymbose- ------ 44, E. campechense. Heads 10 to 40-flowered. Heads in ovoid panicles; leaves reticulate-veiny. Heads about 10 to 13-flowered; involucre 2 to 2.6 mm. thick. 6. E. bertholdii. Heads about 20 to 40-flowered; involucre 4 to 5 mm. thick. 7. E. ovaliflorum. Heads in flattish corymbs; leaves not reticulate._8. E. odoratum. BB. Involucre normally campanulate or turbinate, rarely more than twice as long as thick; phyllaries less closely imbricated than in the preceding. C. Phyllaries conspicuously unequal, in 3 or more series. Section SuBIM- BRICATA. D. Heads 1 to 45-flowered; receptacle flat or slightly convex, not noticeably alveolate. Leaves pinnate-veined. Petiole not winged. Leaves opaque. Proper tube of corolla much longer than throat. 9. E. araliaefolium. Proper tube of corolla not equaling throat. Leaves 4 times as long as wide, membranaceous, not prom- inently reticulate___-------------- 10. E. pinabetense. Leaves 2 to 3 times as long as wide, subcoriaceous, reticulate. Phyllaries rounded at tip_---------------- 11. E. pittieri. Phyllaries pointed at tip---------------- 12. E. galeottii. Leaves pellucid-reticulate but not pellucid-punctate. Leaves lance-oblong; achenes smoothish_._.13. E. oaxacanum. Leaves ovate; achenes gray-villous_------- 14. E. eriocarpum. Leaves pellucid-punctate, often also pellucid-reticulate. Veinlets not raised from upper leaf surface. Heads sessile or nearly so; leaves drying dark or olivaceous. Leaves membranaceous, obtusish at base. 15. E. tepicanum. 1434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, cuneate at base. Inflorescence glabrous or obscurely puberulent. 16. E. hospitale. Inflorescence tawny-velvety__..._____- 17. E. daleoides. Heads shortly slender-pediceled; leaves drying green. Leaves subentire, more than twice as long as wide. 18. E. hebebotryum. Leaves incisely toothed, less than twice as long as wide. 20. E. hemipteropodum. Veinlets raised on upper leaf surface*_____- 19. E, morifolium. Petiole winged, cordate-clasping at base____- 21. E. quadrangulare. Leaves palmate-nerved at or from near base. Petiole winged to the cordate-clasping base. Stem square in section___________- eeewee 21. E. quadrangulare. Stem subterete____--__..___---- =e. 22. E. thyrsoideum. Petiole (of cauline leaves) cuneate-winged from top to near middle. 20. E. hemipteropodum. Petiole not winged. Heads thistle-shaped; florets much exceeding the involucre. Heads 4 to 6 (to 7) mm. high; involuere turbinate; phyllaries l-nerved. : Phyllaries linear to lance-linear, attenuate; leaves bright green, sharply toothed; veins prominently netted between the NOY CR tiesto ee wee ee ee ee 23. E. ortegae, Phyllaries lanceolate to elliptic, obtuse to merely acutish; leaves dull green, subentire; veins not conspicuously netted__-.-----_-------- 2 ee. 24. E. haenkeanum. Heads 7 to 8 mm. high; involucre ovoid. Leaves lance-ovate, twice as long as wide, tomentellous be- neath____--..-..--- 2-2 ee 25. E. mendezii. Leaves deltoid-ovate, less than twice as long as wide. Phyllaries loosely imbricate, narrowly lanceolate, all acute. 26. E. stillingiaefolium. Phyllaries closely imbricate, lance-oblong to rhombic-ovate. Phyllaries acute or acutish; pedicels puberulent to slightly villous______-------- 28 27. E. collinum. Phyllaries obtuse; pedicels stoutish and velvety. 28. E. neaeanum. Heads not thistle-shaped. Heads subsolitary; pedicels 6 to 10 cm. long__29. E. longipes. {feads clustered; pedicels rarely over 1 cm. long. Phyllaries all acute. Heads 3 to 6-flowered. Leaves ovate; inner phyllarics about 3 mm. long. 30. E. palmeri. Leaves lanceolate; inner phyllaries 4 to 5 mm. long. 31. E. solidaginifolium. Heads 10 to 40(to 60)-flowered. Petiole (if present) not above one-sixth length of blade. Heads 7 to 8 mm. high; leaves glabrous but often gluti- nous____------------ 2 32. E. collodes. Heads 10 to 15 mm. high; leaves pubescent beneath. Outer phyllaries ovate, acute_______ 33. E. bigelovii. Outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, attenuate. 34. E. turbinatum. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1485 Petiole one-fourth to one-third as long as blade. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, pointed at base, smoothish_-_----~-------- 79. E. glabratum. Leaves deltoid-ovate, subtruncate to cordate at base, pubescent, crenate-dentate-- --- - 35. E. azureum. Outer and middle phyllaries acute, the inner obtuse. Leaves over 10 cm. wide, unlobed-- - ---- 36. E. oresbium. Leaves with 1 or 2 sharp lobes or angles on each side. 37. E. oresbioides. Leaves 2 to 6 cm. wide, unlobed. Heads 12 to 30-flowered. Involucre less than half as long as florets, glutinous. 79. E. glabratum. Involucre at least two-thirds as long as florets. Leaves cuspidate-denticulate, pinnately nerved from well above the base; phyllaries scarcely nerved or striate__._._.------------ 38. E. hylobium. Leaves serrate to crenate, 3 or 5-nerved from the base; phyllaries distinctly nerved or striate. Heads about 1 cm. long; leaves cordate with a narrow sinus, prominently reticulate-veiny be- neath___._----------- 50. E. phoenicolepis. Heads 4 to 6 mm. long; leaves acute to rounded or openly cordate at base, not reticulate-veiny. 39. E. pycnocephalum. Heads 6 to 8-flowered; phyllaries pearly white. 45. E. leucocephalum. Phyllaries all obtuse or rounded at tip. Leaves sessile. Cauline leaves alternate--_------ 40. E. adenospermum. Cauline leaves opposite------------ 41. E. dryophilum. Leaves petioled. Heads 1-flowered, in panicled glomerules. 42. E. monanthum. Heads several to many-flowered. Heads in subglobose axillary glomerules. 43. E. pelotrophum. Heads not in axillary glomerules. Heads about 6-flowered. Heads about 1 em. long_...44. E. campechense. Heads about 5 mm. long_-45. E. leucocephalum, Heads 10 to 12-flowered. Leaves hastate; pedicels commonly 6 to 10 mm. long. Florets about twice as long as inner phyllaries; leaves somewhat fleshy. 46. E. peninsulare. Florets scarcely exceeding inner phyllaries; leaves membranaceous. 47. E. spinaciaefolium. Leaves ovate, not hastate; pedicels 0 to 3 mm. long. 20. E. hemipteropodum. 1436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Heads 15 to 45-flowered, 5 to 11 mm. high; phyllaries 2 to 5-costulate. Pedicels glabrous though sometimes glutinous. Heads 5 to 6 mm. long, in terminal long-peduncled corymbs--_-__.___- 48. E. blepharolepis. Heads 7 to 9 mm. long, in leafy-bracted panicles. 79. E. glabratum. Pedicels villous or glandular-pubescent. Corollas yellowish to greenish white, dotted with conspicuous orange or brown glands; phyl- laries green_____-________-_ 49. E. nelsonii. Corollas purple to rose (rarely white), not con- spicuously dotted; phyllaries usually purple- tinged. Heads 4 to 6 mm. high; leaves not reticulate, at base acute to subcordate with open sinus__________ 39. E. pycnocephalum. Heads about 1 em. high; leaves reticulate-veiny beneath, cordate with closed sinus. 50. E. phoenicolepis. DD. Heads 50 to many-flowered; receptacle distinctly convex, ellip- soidal or subconical, conspicuously alveolate. Phyllaries 2 to 5-costulate; leaves palmately 3-nerved practically from base__-._.......-....__--.-__---__. 35. E. azureum. Phyllaries obscurely nerved or nerveless; leaves pinnately 5 to 9- nerved from well above base. (Showy, nearly herbaceous under- shrubs, known chiefly through horticulture and of very doubtful distinctness.) Phyllaries lance-oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide; pubescence fuscous. 51. E. constipatiflorum. Phyllaries lance-linear, mostly 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; pubescence not fuscous. Pubescence of stem and inflorescence long, deeply colored, red or purple... ._.-.-.---....---_._--- 52. E. atrorubens. Pubescence dull, tawny or rusty, sometimes reduced to mere puberulence. Leaves suborbicular, sometimes 30 to 40 em. in diameter, acute or obtuse; style branches azure. 53. E, megalophyllum. Leaves broadly ovate, 10 to 15 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, blunt to subtruncate or even shallowly cordate at base; style branches clear rose-color. 54. E. thespesiaefolium. Leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic, usually pointed at base, mostly 6 to 9 cm. wide. Leaf blade ovate-oblong, about two-thirds as wide as long; petiole one-fifth to fully one-half as long as blade. 55. E. sordidum. Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, less than half as wide as long; petiole very short, not one-tenth as long as blade. 56. E. miradorense. CC. Phyllaries subequal, in about 2 scarcely imbricate series, usually 1 to 3 of the outermost phyllaries much shorter. Section EXIMBRICATA. E. Heads 3 to 8(to 10)-flowered. Leaves pinnately veined____..._______________. 59. E. ligustrinum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1427 Leaves palmately nerved. Heads in globose axillary glomerules--_--- ---- Heads not in axillary glomerules. Corollas nearly tubular, without distinguishable throat. Leaves dark-punctate beneath____-------- 65. E. leucoderme. Leaves not dark-punctate beneath. Leaves elliptical, coriaceous; phyllaries chiefly obtuse. 66. E. albicaule. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, membranaceous; phyllaries acute. Leaves ovate, 2 to 5 cm. wide__---------- 30. E. palmeri. Leaves lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. wide. 31. E. solidaginifolium. Corollas abruptly or gradually enlarged into a perceptible throat. Leaves lanceolate to rhombic-oblong, entire or nearly so, 4 to 16 mm. wide. Leaves lance-oblong, entire, 3 to 4 times as long as wide, vernicose; achenes hispid___--------- 68. E. glischrum. Leaves rhombic-oblong, entire or undulately few-toothed, 1.5 to 2 times as long as wide; achenes glandular-atomiferous. 89. E. hidalgense. Leaves ovate, serrate or dentate, 2 to 4 cm. wide. 60. E. saltillense. EE. Heads normally 10 to 18-flowered but occasionally varying within wider limits. Leaves linear to lance-oblong. Leaves mostly attenuate, 3-nerved from the base, gray-pubescent beneethen -- 2. A. pringlei. Leaves not amplexicaul; heads smaller, not over 5.5 mm. high. Plants scandent or subscandent, the branches usually conspicuously zigzag; heads in usually small rounded panicles terminating the numerous wide- spreading branchlets. Heads tinv, 2 to 3.5 mm. high; leaves chiefly ovate or elliptic. 3. A. hirtella. Heads 4 to 5.5 mm. high; leaves chiefly oval or oval-ovate __4. A. torquis. 1508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Plants erect, not scandent, the branches straight; heads in large terminal panicles. Stem densely cinereous- or griseous-puberulous or hirtellous, sometimes tomentose___-___--..2 2-22 eee 5. A. mucronata. Stem glabrous or essentially so, at least below, and often glaucous, rarely sparsely arachnoid. Leaves oval or ovate-oval, the larger 3 to 6 cm. wide__6. A. sescenticeps. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, the larger 1 to 3.5 cm. wide. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, glabrous______________ 7. A. androgyna. Leaves chiefly elliptic, pubescent at least on the veins beneath. 8. A. asperifolia. 1. Archibaccharis oaxacana (Greenm.) Blake. Baccharis oaxacana Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 37. 1904. Hemibaccharis oaxacana Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 546. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Suffrutescent at the procumbent base, 20 to 50 cm. high; leaves chiefly obovate or oval, 4 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, including the rather abruptly con- tracted, petioliform, marginate and amplexicaul basal portion, shallowly mueron- ate-dentate; heads few in a terminal cymose panicle, the pistillate 1 em. high, the staminate about 8 mm. high. 2. Archibaccharis pringlei (Greenm.) Blake. Baccharis pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 225. 1905. Hemibaccharis pringlet Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 547. pl. 48. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Similar to B. oaracana; leaves ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 5.5 em. wide; inflorescence a terminal many-headed panicle; staminate heads 5 mm. high; pistillate heads unknown. 3. Archibaccharis hirtella (DC.) Heering, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 21: Beih. 3: 41. 1904. Baccharis scandens Less. Linnaea 5: 146. 1830. Not B. scandens Pers. 1807. Baccharis hirtella DC. Prodr. 5: 418. 1836. Baccharis schiedeana Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 83. 1852. Baccharis thomasii Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 326. 1882. Hemibaccharis hirtella Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 549. 1924. Tepic to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala, Suffrutescent, scandent, up to 5 meters high; stem slender, sordidly glandular- puberulous or sometimes sordid-pilose; leaves short-petioled, the blades 2 to 6.5 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, serrulate, pubescent or puberulous at least beneath. 4. Archibaccharis torquis Blake. Hemibaccharis torquis Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 550. pl. 61. 1924, Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from San José, Costa Rica. Stouter than A. hirtella; leaves oval or oval-ovate, the blades 3 to 8 em. long, 1.8 to 5 cm. wide, acute; panicles and heads larger. 5. Archibaccharis mucronata (H. B. K.) Blake. Baccharis mucronata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 60. 1820, Pluchea floribunda Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879. Hemibaccharis mucronata Blake, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 550. 1924, Chihuahua to Oaxaca; type collected between Santa Rosa and Los Toares, Guanajuato. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1509 Suffrutescent below, up to 2.5 meters high; stem densely and harshly griseous- puberulous; leaves chiefly ovate, petioled, the blades 4 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 5 cm. wide, serrate, very harsh above, puberulous beneath; heads very numerous, about 4mm. high. ‘‘Hierba del carbonero” (Valley of Mexico). A decoction of the flowers is reported to be used as a remedy for catarrh. 5a. Archibaccharis mucronata paniculata (Donn. Smith) Blake. Diplostephium paniculatum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 8. 1897. Hemibaccharis mucronata paniculata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 551. 1924. Veracruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type collected between San Martin and Todos Santos, Guatemala. Pubescence soft; lower leaf surface and often the stem densely tomentose. 6. Archibaccharis sescenticeps Blake. Hemibaccharis sescenticeps Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924. Jalisco to Mexico and Guerrero; type from Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of Mexico. Suffrutescent (?), stout, glabrous and glaucescent below or thinly arachnoid; leaves petioled, the blades 6 to 13 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, serrate, short- acuminate, smoothish above; heads 3.5 to 4.5 mm. high. ; 7. Archibaccharis androgyna (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake. Baccharis androgyna T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914. Hemibaccharis androgyna Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Boquerén, Chiapas. Slender, suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves on short but slender petioles, the blades narrowly lanceolate, 5.5 to 9.5 em. long, 1 to 1.8 cm. wide, falcate- attenuate, serrulate; panicles many-headed, terminal, 5 to 8 cm. wide; pistillate heads 3 to 4 mm. high. 8. Archibaccharis asperifolia (Benth.) Blake. Baccharis asperifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 86. 1841. Conyza asperifolia Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 126. 1881. Baccharis scabridula T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914. Hemibaccharis asperifolia Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924. Mexico to Chiapas. Guatemala to Nicaragua; type from Mixco, Guatemala. Suffrutescent below, up to 3 meters high, essentially glabrous and usually glaucescent below; leaves chiefly elliptic, 4 to 11 cm. long, 1 to 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, subentire or serrate; panicles large, with innumerable heads, these 2.5 to 5 mm. high. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. BACCHARIS ELEGANS SEEMANNII Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 303. 1856. This variety, described from the Sierra Madre, may belong in this genus. The description is very brief, and no specimens have been examined by the writer. 31. PLUCHEA Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 31. 1817. Shrubby or herbaceous; leaves alternate, entire or toothed; heads disciform, medium-sized, cymose or cymose-panicled, purplish or whitish; involucre several- seriate, of dry, often purplish phyllaries; outer flowers pistillate, several-seriate, with filiform corollas; inner flowers hermaphrodite; anthers sagittate at base, with caudate auricles; achenes small, 4 or 5-angled; pappus 1-seriate, setose. Stem winged by the decurrent leaf bases_.--------------------- 1. P. adnata. Stem wingless. Leaves narrowly elliptic, silky-pubescent, sessile, 5 cm. long or less. 2. P. sericea. Leaves broadly elliptic or oval, not silky-pubescent, petioled, 10 cm. long or More________------------------------- 7-2-2522 2- 7-7 3. P. odorata. 1510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1. Pluchea adnata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Mohr, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 6: 790. 1901. Baccharis adnata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 2: 870. 1809. Conyza adnata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 74. 1820, Pluchea subdecurrens Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 42: 4. 1826. Sonora to Michoacdén and Puebla. Guatemala; type from ‘America meri- dionali,’”’ Suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, glandular and loosely pilose; leaves linear to lanceolate, 3.5 to 11 em. long, 4 to 22 mm. wide, entire to sharply toothed, con- spicuously decurrent; panicles 4 to 13 em. wide, rounded; heads 4 to 8 mm. thick; involucre 3 to 5 mm. high; inner phyllaries caudate-attenuate. “Jara” (Micho- acdn or Guerrero). la. Pluchea adnata canescens (A. Gray) Blake. Pluchea subdecurrens canescens A, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 182. 1861. Sinaloa to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Guerrero; type from Tantoyuca, Vera- cruz. Plant more or less densely canescent-tomentose. “Santa Isabel” (Tamauli- pas). 1b. Pluchea adnata parvifolia (A. Gray) Blake. Pluchea subdecurrens parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 160. 1861. Southern Baja California; type from vicinity of Cape San Lucas. Very densely viscid-glandular, with few or no long hairs; heads 7 to 12 mm. thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high. 2. Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 128. 1893. Polypappus sericeus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 178. 1848. Tessaria borealis ‘‘DC.;” Torr. & Gray in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 143. 1848, nomen nudum. Pluchea borealis A. Gray, Proe. Amer. Acad. 17: 212. 1882. Berthelotia sericea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 154. 1906. Sonora, Chihuahua, and Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from California. Shrub up to 5 meters high, silky-canescent, very leafy; leaves narrowly elliptic or lance-elliptic, entire; corymbs small, terminating branches and branch- lets; phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse to acute. “Cachanilla,”’ “cachimilla”’ (California, Texas, New Mexico). ' The shrub is abundant in many places in the alluvial soil of river valleys, often forming dense and pure stands. By the Indians the slender straight stems were used for the shafts of arrows and for making bird cages, storage bins, and baskets. An infusion of the stems was employed by the Pimas as a remedy for sore eyes. 3. Pluchea odorata Nat. (L.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 42: 3. 1826. Conyza odorata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1213. 1759. ?Conyza cortesii H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 4: 75. 1820. ?Pluchea cortesii DC. Prodr. 5: 452. 1836. Baja California and Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, south to Yucatan. Florida, Cen- tral and South America, West Indies; type from Jamaica. Shrubby, 2.5 meters high or less, the stem cinereous-tomentose or sordid- tomentose, glabrescent below; petioles 1 to 2.5 em. long; leaf blades elliptic to oval or oblong-ovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 em. wide, entire or sometimes repand-denticulate, paler and sordid-tomentulose beneath; panicles usually 10 to 20 em. wide. ‘Santa Marfa” (Tamaulipas, Yucatdn); “alinanche”’ (Sinaloa) ; “hierba de Santa Marfa” (Nuevo Leén); “chalehé” (Yucatan, Guatemala, Maya); ‘‘canela,” “canelén”’ (Baja California); “chalchay”’ (Yucatdn); ‘“‘su- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1511 guinay”’ (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “ciguapate’’ (El Salvador); “salvia” (Porto Rico, Nicaragua); “salvia de playa,” ‘salvia cimarrona,”’ “salvia del pafs”” (Cuba) ; ‘“nahuapate,” “suquinayo,” ‘“‘suquinay,” “‘siguapete”’ (El Salvador). In the Bahamas the shrub is called ‘“‘sour-bush.” The flowers are said to be a source of honey. In Tamaulipas an infusion of the leaves in alcohol is applied externally to relieve neuralgia and rheumatism. Seler reports that in Yucatan the leaves are heated and applied hot as a hemostatic, while in the same State the plant is employed as a febrifuge and emmenagogue. Descourtilz states that in the West Indies the plant was used as a remedy for the bites of venomous animals and that a decoction of the leaves was taken as a remedy for stomach affections. 32. ACHYROCLINE (Less.) DC. Prodr. 6: 219. 1837. 1. Achyrocline ventosa Klatt, Linnaea 42: 112. 1878. Gnaphalium ventosum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Linnaea 42: 112. 1878, assynonym. Known only from the type locality, Cerro Ventoso, Mexico. “Suffruticose,” the ascending stems about 15 cm. high, white-lanate; leaves lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide, acuminate, undulate, amplexi- caul-decurrent, densely lanate, subglabrescent above; heads about 4 mm. long, cylindric, crowded in dense glomerules; involucre lanate at base, the phyllaries acute, ochraceous; pistillate flowers 3, hermaphrodite 1. Only a fragment of the type, accompanied by sketches, has been examined, and the status of the species is uncertain. 33. GNAPHALIUM L. Sp. Pl. 850. 1753. Herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent, tomentose; leaves alternate, entire; heads small, cymose or panicled, often glomerate; involucre graduate, of scarious phy!- laries; heads many-flowered, disciform, the outer flowers pistillate, with filiform corollas, the inner flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, all whitish or purplish red (in the following species); anthers caudate at base; pappus setose, the bristles in the hermaphrodite flowers sometimes clavellate. Larger leaves 3 to 7.5 cm. long. Leaves obovate, about 12 mm. wide; outer phyllaries ochroleucous at base. 1. G. eleagnoides. Leaves linear or lance-linear, 6 mm. wide or less; phyllaries brown or greenish brown at base. Pappus bristles of the hermaphrodite flowers obscurely thickened toward tip; leaves arachnoid-tomentose above----------- 2. G. rhodanthum. Pappus bristles of the hermaphrodite flowers strongly thickened toward tip; leaves soon glabrate above-.------------------- 3. G. seemannii. Larger leaves 2 cm. long or less. Leaves obovate, 3 to 8 mm. wide_---------------------- 4. G. concinnum, Leaves linear, 2 mm. wide or less. Heads distinctly pedicellate._....------------------------ 5. G. sartorii. Heads sessile or subsessile__--------------------- 6. G. lavandulaceum. 1. Gnaphalium eleagnoides (Klatt) Blake. Chionolaena eleagnoides Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 88. 1887. Gnaphalium hypochionaeum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 88. 1887, as synonym. Known only from the type locality, Pelado, Mexico. Densely leafy, white-corticate; leaves obovate, 3 to 4.5 em. long, about 12 mm. wide, acute, callous-apiculate, narrowed to the “amplexicaul’” base, entire, arachnoid above glabrate, beneath densely and canescently lanate-tomentose; 1512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM heads 4 to 5 mm. high, in small dense cymose glomerules, short-pedicellate ; phyllaries obovate, the lower ochroleucous, the upper white ; pistillate flowers 16, hermaphrodite 18. 2. Gnaphalium rhodanthum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 310. 1856. Hidalgo to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Jitotole, Chiapas. Guatemala. Suffrutescent, 40 em. high or less, densely leafy; stem cinereous or canescent- tomentose; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, the larger 3 to 7.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 5 mm. wide, usually greenish above, densely tomentose beneath, the older deflexed, marcescent; heads in small rounded cymose panicles; outer phyl- laries oblong or linear-oblong, the inner linear, obtuse, with white or reddish purple tips. 3. Gnaphalium seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 309. 1856. Chionolaena corymbosa Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northern Mexico. Suffrutescent, about 17 cm. high, the stem closely and when young canescently lanate-tomentose; leaves elliptic-linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1.8 to 4.5 em. long (including the petioliform base), 3 to 5 mm. wide, quickly glabrate and green above, densely and canescently silky-pannose-tomentose beneath; heads cymose- panicled, short-pediceled, about 8 mm. high; outer phyllaries suborbicular-ovate, with a brown spot, the inner oblong-linear, rounded, whitish, with a brownish spot near middle. 4. Gnaphalium concinnum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 34. 1879. San Luis Potos{; type from highest mountains southeast of City of San Luis Potosi. Suffrutescent, 20 to 35 em. high, several-stemmed; stems densely and subcanes- cently tomentose, very leafy; leaves obovate, 10 to 20 mm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, above arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, densely griseous- or ochroleucous- lanate beneath; heads in a nearly leafless cymose panicle, about 6 mm. high; phyllaries pink-purple below, the white tips of the middle and outer ones reflexed at maturity. 5. Gnaphalium sartorii (Klatt) Schultz Bip. Chionolaena sartorii Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 89. 1887. Gnaphalium sartorit Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887, as synonym. Known only from the type locality, Sempoaltepec, Mexico. Low, suffruticose, gray-tomentose; leaves linear, 9 to 18 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, arachnoid above, griseous-tomentose beneath; heads pedicellate, ternate, campanulate; phyllaries fuscescent, lanceolate. (Description mostly compiled.) 6. Gnaphalium lavandulaceum DC. Prodr. 5: 227. 1837. Elychrysum lavandulaefolium H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 4: 86. 1820. Chionolaena lavandulaceum Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 134. 1881. Gnaphalium lavandulaefolium Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 21. 1917. Not G. lavandulaefolium Willd. 1804. Highest mountains of Mexico and Veracruz; type from Mount Nauhcampa- teptle, near Perote, Mexico. Suffrutescent, 30 cm. long or less, griseous- or cinereous-tomentose; leaves very crowded, linear-spatulate to linear, obtuse; heads campanulate, 1 to 3 at tips of branchlets, 7 to 9 mm. long; phyllaries fuscescent at base, with whitish tips. 34. PELUCHA 5S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 55, 1889. 1. Pelucha trifida S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 55. 1889. Central Baja California and islands in the Gulf of California; type from San Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1513 Heavy-scented shrub about 1 meter high, much branched, thinly gray-tomen- tose, glabrescent; leaves alternate, 5 to 18 mm. long, 3-toothed or 3-cleft, with linear lobes, fleshy; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, in small terminal cymose panicles, about 21-flowered; involucre 2-seriate, subequal, 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries lanceolate, obtuse, appressed, subherbaceous, tomentulose; flowers all hermaphro- dite, tubular; anthers sagittate-caudate; achenes oblong-turbinate, densely silky-pubescent, 2 mm. long; pappus 4 mm. long, stiff, of about 10 longer barbel- late bristles and about three times as many irregularly somewhat connate shorter bristles. 35. NOCCA Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 12. pl. 224. 1795. REFERENCE: Robinson, Synopsis of the genus Nocca, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 467-471. 1901. Shrubs or herbs; leaves mostly opposite; heads 1 or 2-flowered, densely crowded at tips of stem and branches in campanulate or globose glomerules, these subtended by herbaceous bracts; proper involucre tubular, gamophyllous, 5 or 6-toothed; corollas tubular, yellow, white, or purple, exserted; achene columnar; pappus a short cup, usually with awns or squamellae added. Involucres 2-flowered__..._---------------------------------- 1. N. biflora. Involucres 1-flowered. Leaves sessile, cordate-clasping. Inflorescence short, leafy-bracted; leaves all with broadly clasping base. 2. N. helianthifolia. Inflorescence elongate, the bracts small; lower leaves sessile, not clasping. 3. N. media. Leaves petiolate (the petiole rarely leafy-margined), not cordate-clasping. Glomerules campanulate, sessile or subsessile. Leaves densely silvery-silky beneath at maturity. 4. N. heteropappus. Leaves not densely silvery-silky beneath at maturity, sometimes slightly so when young in no. 7. Leaves finely serrulate with purple-glandular teeth (about 10 per cm.). 5. N. mocinniana. Leaves coarsely serrate (teeth 2 to 4 per em.) to subentire. Stem finely puberulous with appressed hairs, also more or less glandu- lar, without long spreading hairs_--~------------- 6. N. rigida. Stem pubescent with long wide-spreading hairs, at least in the in- florescence, as well as glandular. Leaves elliptic to lance-oblong, three to five times as long as wide. 7. N. angustifolia. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, two and one-half times as long as wide, or less. Leaves green beneath; petioles usually winged. 8. N. pteropoda. Leaves griseous-pubescent beneath; petioles naked. Leaves broadly ovate, 5.5 to 7 em. long; branches of inflores- cence elongate, divergent__-------------- 9. N. pringlei. Leaves lance-ovate, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long; inflorescence con- tracted, its branches suppressed. _--_- 10. N. tomentosa. Glomerules globose or subglobose, slender-peduncled. Teeth of the proper involucres lance-subulate. _ Leaves subsericeous-pilose beneath with appressed hairs; proper in- volucres silky-villous...---------------------- 11. N. decipiens. Leaves rather harshly pubescent beneath; proper involucres usually WiteibGe oe oi ocet ek nae kee serene eee 12. N. glandulosa. 1514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Teeth of the proper involucres ovate to triangular-lanceolate (rarely lanceolate in no. 14). Stem and branches of inflorescence pubescent____- 13. N. liebmannii. Stem and branches of inflorescence essentially glabrous. 14. N. palmeri. 1. Nocca biflora (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea. Lagascea bi flora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879. Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, dentic- ulate; involucres villous; corollas glabrous; achenes hirsute; paleae of pappus subequal. (Description compiled.) 2. Nocca helianthifolia (H. B. K.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 104. 1822, as Noccaea, Lagascea helianihifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 25. 1820. Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Suffrutescent (?), about 2.5 meters high, very leafy, branching in the inflores- cence; stem glandular-puberulous, and spreading-hispid-pilose with mostly deciduous hairs; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 21 em. long, serrate, scabrous above, scabrous or scabrid beneath; glomerules large, leafy-bracted; involucre silky-villous, unequally dentate; corollas about 1.5 cm. long, ‘yellowish white.” 2a. Nocca helianthifolia suaveolens (H. B. K.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 468. 1901. Lagascea suaveolens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 25. 1820. Noccaea suaveolens Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 105. 1822. Nocca latifolia Cerv. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 31. 1824. Lagascea latifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836. Lagascea helianthifolia suaveolens Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 43: 38. 1907. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Rio Papagallo and Venta Colorada, Mexico. Guatemala and El Salvador. Similar; leaves often broader, softly pubescent beneath. ‘Lengua de vaca” (El Salvador). 2b. Nocca helianthifolia adenocaulis (Robinson) Blake. Lagascea helianthifolia adenocaulis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 38. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Uruapan, Michoacan. Stem densely glandular-puberulous, without long hairs; leaves scabrous above, tomentellous beneath. 2c. Nocca helianthifolia levior Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 468. 1901. Lagascea helianthifolia levior Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 43: 38. 1907. Tepie to Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Colima. Stem finely and densely puberulent, without long hairs or glands; leaves puberu- lent beneath. 3. Nocca media Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 22: 596. 1924. Known only from the type locality, between Tixila and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Herbaceous, at least above, finely hirtellous and sparsely hispid-pilose; leaves ovate, 6 to 8 em. long, the upper clasping, the lower narrowed to a subsessile, not clasping base, scabrid on both sides; proper involueres silky-villous; corolla about 10 mm. long. 4. Nocca heteropappus (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Neccaea, Lagascea heteropappus Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879. Michoacin; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub 1 meter high; leaves ovate to elliptic, 4 to 7.5 em. long, green above; proper involucres silky-villous, with slender subulate teeth; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1515 5. Nocca mocinniana (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea mociniana. Lagascea mocinniana DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836. Mexico, without definite locality. Leaves ovate, acute, green on both sides, finely serrulate. (Description com- piled.) A dubious species. The names ‘‘casanaca” and ‘““cazanaca”’ have been reported for this species, but perhaps relate to some other one. 6. Nocca rigida Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 12. pl. 224. 1795, Lagascea rubra H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 24. pl. 311. 1820. Noccaea rubra Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 104. 1822. Mexico to Puebla; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent, about 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 8.5 cm. long, green and scabrid on both sides; proper involucres silky-villous, with lance- subulate, unequal teeth; corollas ‘‘red.”’ , 7. Nocca angustifolia (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea. Lagascea angustifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836. Durango to Jalisco; type from Leon, Guanajuato. Shrubby; leaves 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long, subsericeous beneath when young, in age usually scabrid; proper involucres densely silky-villous. 8. Nocca pteropoda Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 22: 597. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Cuyamecala, Cuicatlin, Oaxaca. Suffrutescent(?), densely spreading-villous and stipitate-glandular on the branchlets, glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate or oval, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, subsessile by a contracted cuneate-winged base or short-petioled, rough above, rather sparsely pilosulous beneath, serrate; inflorescence ternately divided, broad and short, the glomerules large, leafy-bracted. 9. Nocca pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 469. 1901. Lagascea pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 38. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Iguala, Guerrero, Suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high, puberulous and villous; leaves densely cinereous-pilose beneath; teeth of the silky-villous proper involucres lanceolate, very unequal; corollas 12 mm. long, purple. 10. Nocca tomentosa (Robins. & Greenm.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 470. 1901. Lagascea tomentosa Robins. & Greenm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 82: 43, 1896. Known only from the type locality, between Ayusinapa and Petatldin, Guer- rero. Stem pilose and densely glandular-puberulous; leaves lance-ovate, 7.5 to 12.5 em. long, gray-tomentose on both sides; bracts ovate-lanceolate; proper invo- luecres villous, 6 mm. long, the teeth lanceolate, unequal; corollas 12 mm. long. 11. Nocca decipiens (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea. Lagascea decipiens Hemsl. Diag. PI. Mex. 33. 1879. Sonora to Chihuahua and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of northern Mexico. Shrubby; leaves ovate, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate; peduncles terminal and subterminal, up to 5.5 em. long; corollas apparently whitish, 7.5 mm. long. 12. Nocca glandulosa (Fernald) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 470. 1901. Lagascea glandulosa Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 534. 1895. Sinaloa and Chihuahua; type from head of Mazatlan River, Sinaloa. This species is said to be scandent. 1516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 18. Nocca liebmannii (Schultz Bip.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 470. 1901. Lagascea liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884. Known only from the type locality, Pochutla, Oaxaca. Suffruticose; leaves elliptic, 5 cm. long, soft-pubescent beneath; proper invo- lueres finely villous. (Description compiled.) 14, Nocca palmeri Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 471. 1901. Lagascea palmert Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 38. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Colima. Slender shrub; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, scabrous on both sides, sub- entire; proper involucres sparsely villous chiefly at base; corollas 6 mm. long, apparently white. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Nocca robinsonii (A. Nels.) Blake. ““Nocca n. sp. [?)’? Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 468. 1901. Calhounia robinsonit A. Nels. Univ. Wyo. Publ. Bot. 1: 59. 1924. Mexico, without definite locality. Pubescence of the branches fine, spreading, the hairs partly glandular, all of equal length; leaves elliptic, obtuse or short-acuminate, scabrous, gray-pubescent beneath, remotely denticulate, short-petioled. (Description compiled.) 36. COULTERELLA Vasey & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 71. pl. 1. 1890. 1. Coulterella capitata Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 71. pl. 1. 1890. Vicinity of La Paz, Baja California. Much-branched glabrous shrub, about 1.3 meters high, lemon-scented; leaves opposite or alternate, rhombic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 2.5 cm. long or less, sessile and clasping, coarsely few-toothed to entire, very fleshy; proper involucres gamophyllous, at maturity obovoid, 3-winged and corky, shortly 3-toothed at the contracted apex, 7 to 10 mm. long, glomerate at tips of branches, subtended by minute bracts, i-flowered (very rarely 2-flowered); corollas yellow, the throat very short, the teeth lance-linear, 3-veined, exceeding the tube and throat; anthers sagittate-mucronate; styles branches slender, with very short obscure appendages, merely papillose outside; achenes columnar, multistriate, glabrous, 3.8 mm. long, epappose, crowned with a detergible cup left by the base of the corolla. 37. DESMANTHODIUM Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 14. pl. 1116. 1873. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, thickish, serrate; heads few-flowered, small, numerous, glomerulate in cymose panicles; phyllaries few, subscarious; pistillate flowers 1 to 3, loosely inclosed in sac-shaped membranaceous phyllaries with short tubular apex, their corollas tubular-cylindric, subtruncate, white; paleae of receptacle few; hermaphrodite flowers 4 to 6, regular, 5-toothed, sterile; achenes inclosed in the sac-shaped phyllaries, epappose. Stem densely villous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 em. WG oe eee eee Saas oe seen es 1. D. tomentosum. Stem glabrous or puberulous in lines; leaves elliptic to obovate, 4.5 em. wide or less. Leaves short-petioled__________..-_..---_----__-_______- 2. D. fruticosum. Leaves connate-perfoliate________.____...-___-_________ 3. D. perfoliatum. 1. Desmanthodium tomentosum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 73. 1914. Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1517 Shrub; leaf blades 9 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, cuneate at base, petiolate, villous-tomentose beneath, particularly on the veins; heads about 4 mm. high, in dense glomerules. 2. Desmanthodium fruticosum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 37. 1904. Jalisco and Michoacdn or Guerrero; type from Zapotldn, Jalisco. Shrubby below, 1.5 meters high; leaves elliptic or ovate, 4 to 9 cm. long, quintuplinerved above the base, sordid-puberulous on the veins beneath; heads tiny, 3 to 4 mm, high. 3. Desmanthodium perfoliatum Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 15. pl. 1116. 1873. ° Flaveria perfoliata Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887. Oaxaca. Shrubby, with herbaceous branches, glaucescent, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves rhombic-lanceolate to obovate, 6 to 12.5 cm. long, penninerved or weakly trip- linerved, glabrous or with a few minute hairs along costa beneath; heads 5 to 7 mm. high. 38. CLIBADIUM Allamand; L. Mant. Pl. 161. 1771. Rererence: O. E. Schulz, Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Gattung Clibadium, Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 46: 613-628. 1912. Shrubby; leaves opposite, serrate; heads numerous, small, disciform, whitish, cymose-panicled; phyllaries few, dryish; pistillate flowers subtended by pales, their corollas slender-tubular, denticulate; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile, without pales (in ours), their corollas 5-toothed; achenes abovoid, obcompressed, epappose. Some species of this genus are used in tropical America as fish poisons. Heads 5 to 6 mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, densely strigillose at least above achenes 2.8 to 3 mm. long_---------------------------- 1. C. arboreum. Heads 3.5 to 4 mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, otherwise essentially glabrous; achenes 1.8 to 2 mm. long___------------------------ 2. C. pueblanum. 1. Clibadium arboreum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 14: 26. 1889. Clibadium asperum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 142. 1881, in part. Not C. asperum DC. 1836. Clibadium donnell-smithit Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 98. 1891. Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Pansamalé, Guatemala. Shrubby, 3 meters high; stem densely pubescent; leaf blades ovate or broad- ovate, 10 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 19 em. wide, long-petioled; pistillate flowers 3 to 6, hermaphrodite 9 to 11. 2. Clibadium pueblanum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 601. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Pahuatldin, Puebla. Similar; leaf blades 10.5 to 14.5 em. long; pistillate flowers 6 or 7, hermaphro- dite 7 or 8. 39. GUARDIOLA Cerv.; Humb. & Bonpl. “Pl. Aequin. 1: 143. pl. 41, 1808,” Rererence: Robinson, Revision of the genus Guardiola, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 232-235. 1899. Suffrutescent or herbaceous, with opposite leaves and small, terminal, solitary to cymose-panicled, yellow heads; involucre cylindric to campanulate, of few subequal subherbaceous thin-margined many-nerved phyllaries; rays small, fertile, the disk sterile; achenes columnar or columnar-obovoid, epappose. Phyllaries carinate, about 12 mm. high; leaves deltoid-ovate-_.1. G. carinata. Phyllaries not carinate, 7 to 9 mm. high; leaves narrowly lanceolate. Leaves cuneate at base___.___-_------------------------ 2. G. angustifolia. Leaves hastate at base_.____-------------------------- 3. G. stenodonta 1518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1. Guardiola carinata Robinson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 233. 1899. Known only from the type loeality, Acaponeta, Tepic. Suffrutescent, glabrous and glaucous; petioles about 1.2 em. long; leaf blades 3 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, cordate-hastate, serrulate, obtusish; heads few or solitary. 2. Guardiola angustifolia (A. Gray) Robinson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 235, 1899, Guardiola tulocarpus angustifolia A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 423. 1887, hyponym. Jalisco; type from Tequila. P Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, essentially glabrous; petioles 6 to 14 mm. long; leaf blades 5 to 10 em. long, 4 to 23 mm. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate or serrulate; heads numerous in small cymose panicles. 3. Guardiola stenodonta Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 56. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Balboa, Sinaloa. Suffrutescent, practically glabrous; leaves slender-petioled, the blades 5 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to 2.2 em. wide at base across the very narrow spreading lobes, abruptly contracted above them and then widened to middle, serrate; heads in small terminal clusters. 40. MELAMPODIUM L. Sp. Pl. 921. 1753. ReFERENCE: Robinson, Synopsis of the genus Melampodium, Proc. Amer. Aead. 86: 455-466. 1901. Herbs, or sometimes suffrutescent; leaves opposite; heads radiate, the rays fertile, yellow or white, the disk sterile; outer phyllaries usually 5, subherbaceous; receptacle paleaceous; ray achenes tightly enveloped in the subtending indurate phyllaries, these often provided with a hood or horn at apex; pappus none. Rays white; leaves not silky-pubescent. Stem and leaves densely cinereous-tomentose_-__-------- 1. M. argophyllum. Stem and leaves green or cinereous-pubescent, not tomentose. Lamina of the rays 5 to 8 mm. long, not prominently venose. 2. M. cinereum. Lamina of the rays 1 to 1.3 em. long, prominently venose. 3. M. leucanthum. Rays yellow; leaves silky-pubescent beneath, at least when young. lruiting phyllaries with well-developed hood______---------- 4. M. nelsonii. Fruiting phyllaries with obsolete hood___------------ 5. M. heterophyllum. 1. Melampodium argophyllum (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 606. 1924. Melampodium cinereum argophyllum A. Gray; Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 458. 1901. Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila. Suffruticulose, about 20 em. high; similar to M. cinereum except for its cinere- ous-tomentose pubescence. 2. Melampodium cinereum DC, Prodr. 5: 518. 1836. Coahuila; type from ‘‘near San Fernando, Mexico.” ! Texas. Suffruticulose, several-stemmed, much branched, about 20 cm. high, cinereous- pubescent; leaves linear to lance-oblong, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, entire to deeply sinuate-lobed; fruiting phyllaries with muticous hood. 1 According to Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 239. 1884, the habitats and numbers of specimens cited under M. cinerewm and M. ramosissimum were interchanged in De Candolle’s Prodromus. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1519 2a. Melampodium cinereum ramosissimum (DC.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1*: 239. 1884. Melampodium ramosissinum DC. Prodr. 5: 518. 1836. Coahuila. Texas; type from ‘‘Texas.”’ Hood of the fruiting phyllaries mucronate; otherwise as in the typical form. 3. Melampodium leucanthum Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 271. 1842. Chihuahua. Kansas to Texas and Arizona; type from Texas. Similar to M. cinereum; usually about 30 cm. high; leaves often entire; heads much larger; hood of the fruiting phyllaries muticous. 4. Melampodium nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 260. 1905. Definitely known only from the type locality, Voledén de Jorullo, Michoacan. Suffruticulose, hirsute; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or pinnately 3-lobed; heads 1 to 1.5 em. wide; hood of the fruiting phyllaries sometimes with caudate apex. 5. Melampodium heterophyllum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 33. 1816. Tamaulipas to Oaxaca; type from Mexico. Herbaceous or suffruticulose, up to 40 cm. high; leaves linear to lanceolate, entire or with long narrow lobes toward base; heads about 12 mm. wide. 41. PARTHENIUM L. Sp. Pl. 988. 1753. Rererences: J. M. Hillier, Guayule rubber (Parthenium argentatum, A. Gray), Kew Bull. 1907: 285-294. 1907; F. E. Lloyd, Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), a rubber-plant of the Chihuahuan desert, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 189. 1911; C. Patoni, El guayule (Parthentum argentatum A. Gray). Mexico, 1916. Shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate; heads small, radiate, white, in terminal cymes or panicles; phyllaries usually 2-seriate, suborbicular, dry; rays short, erect, fertile, the disk sterile; ray achenes obcompressed, their nerviform margins adnate at base to the involute paleae of the two opposed outer disk flowers and at maturity separating from the body of the achene nearly to apex, the whole falling together; pappus 2 or 3 short awns or none. Leaves silvery-canescent on both sides-__.---------------- 1. P. argentatum. Leaves not silvery-canescent, usually tomentose or velutinous beneath. Leaves ovate, subentire to repand or crenate, not lobed. Leaves harshly hispidulous above with tuberculate-based hairs. PRPOUP Wal WNG ooo owes hota eee to meeeee ase 2. P. parviceps. Pappus present. Leaves densely cinereous-tomentulose beneath ---- 3. P. fruticosum. Leaves green or greenish and merely strigillose or puberulous beneath. 4. P. schottii. Leaves smooth or only slightly asperulous above. PADDUG DresCl lc2ec 5224 o es aeawene os eceee seen ee 4, P. schottii. Pappus wanting. Leaves conspicuously crenate; involucre 2.5 to 3.5 mm. high. 5. P. tomentosum. Leaves rather obscurely repand or crenulate; involucre 1.5 to 2 mm. DG 0 sie ee eee ee 6. P. stramonium. Leaves triangular to obovate, hastately or lyrately lobed or pinnatifid; pappus present. Leaves triangular to obovate, lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, usually gray and floccose-tomentose above____---------------------- 7. P. incanum. Leaves deltoid-ovate, coarsely lobed, green and somewhat harshly pubescent ADOVOG ee ee eee 8. P. lozanianum. 57020—26——14 1520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1. Parthenium argentatum A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 86. 1859. Parthenium loydii Bartlett, Torreya 16: 46. 1916. Coahuila and Durango to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosf{. Texas; type from Escondido Creek, Shrubby, up to 1 meter high, much branched; branches silvery-strigillose; petioles 0.5 to 2.5 em. long; blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1 to 4.5 em. long, 0.3 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, acute at base, coarsely few-lobed to entire, silvery-canescent; heads several, in small long-peduneled cymes or cymose panicles, short-pediceled, about 6 mm. wide; pappus of 2 divergent or erectish awns about 1 mm. long. ‘Guayule” (the most common and widely distributed name); “hierba del hule”’ (Durango); ‘‘tatanin{”’ (Otomf); “hierba blanca,” “hierba ceniza”’ (Querétaro); “hule” (Zacatecas, Chihuahua); ‘“copa- Ilfn,”’ ‘‘afinador”’ (Lloyd); “xihuite,” “jihuite” (Zacatecas), According to Patoni, the name “guayul” or “guauyul,’”’ of which guayule isa variant, belongs properly to Vauquelinia corymbosa (see page 323), and became applied through some error to this plant. The guayule rubber plant is one of the most important members of the Mexican flora. Its stems yield a high percentage of rubber, a fact well known to the early inhabitants. From the plant was obtained the rubber for making the large balls used in the game of peloia, a game of very ancient origin. Attempts at industrial exploitation of the plant began in Zacatecas as early as 1892 or 1893, and shortly afterward in San Luis Potos{, but these were not successful financially on account of the lack of suitable apparatus for the extrac- tion of the rubber, and because of the absence of a market. About 1904, when much capital from the United States had been invested in the industry, it became of importance and large factories were established for the treatment of the plant. The raw plant rose to a price of $75 per ton. In 1911 the outlay of North Ameri- can capital alone in the industry was said to be $30,000,000, and between July 1, 1905, and July 1, 1909, about 32,000,000 pounds of guayule rubber were imported into the United States, this being about 80 per cent of the total export. Later the industry declined, partly because of a failure in supply, but chiefly on account of the competition of East Indian rubber. The following references may be mentioned here: F, Altamirano, Datos para la historia y explotacién del, ‘‘Guayule,” Boletin de la Secretaria de Fomento de México IT. 5: 1098-1123. 1906; Rémulo Escobar, El guayule y su propagacion, Boletin de la Secretaria de Fomento 24. 1910; J. E. Kirkwood, Propagation of guayule by seeds, Amer. Rev. Trop. Agr. 1: 34-43. 1910; Kirkwood, The life- history of Partheniwm argentatum (guayule), Amer. Rev. Trop. Agr. 1: 193-205. 1910. 2. Parthenium parviceps Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 607. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tenamp4, Zacuapan, Veracruz. Suffrutescent or frutescent; stem arachnoid-tomentose ; leaf blades triangular- ovate, 5.5 to 9 em. long, 3.5 to 6 em. wide, acute, canescently arachnoid-tomentose beneath. 3. Parthenium fruticosum Less. in Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 152. 1830. Chiapas and Veracruz (?); type from Plan del Rfo, Veracruz (?). Apparently suffrutescent and tall; stem sordidly pilose-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-ovate, about 10 cm. long, 7.5 cm. wide, obtuse, truncate-rounded at base, green above, cinereous-tomentulose beneath, on narrowly margined petioles 1.5 cm. long. 4. Parthenium schottii Greenm. in Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 109. 1904, Yucatén; type from Progreso, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1521 Shrub; stem tuberculate-hispidulous or tuberculate-pilose; leaf blades triangular- ovate, 5 to 9.5 em. long, 2 to 5.5 em. wide, acute or obtuse, repand, finely tuber- culate above, beneath finely strigillose, hispidulous, or rarely rather densely puberulous, on margined petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; awns 2 or 3, short, erect or recurved. “Santa Marfa,” ‘‘chalcha.”’ 5. Parthenium tomentosum DC. Prodr. 5: 532. 1836. Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected between Oaxaca and Mitla. Shrub 3 meters high; stem tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades triangular- ovate, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, 1.6 to 6.5 cm. wide, cordate or subtruncate at base, green or cinereous above, cinereous-tomentulose and veiny beneath, on nearly marginless petioles 0.6 to 3 cm. long. 6. Parthenium stramonium Greene, Pittonia 4: 240. 1901. Parthenium arctium Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 635. 1909. Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Chuichupa, Chihuahua. Shrub about 3.5 meters high; stem cinereous-tomentulose, glabrescent; leaf blades triangular-ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 10 cm. wide, subcordate and usually unequal at base, weakly repand to crenulate, green or at first finely cinereous- tomentulose above, finely cinereous-tomentulose beneath. 7. Parthenium incanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 260. pl. 391. 1820. Parthenium ramosissimum DC, Prodr. 5: 532. 1836. Sonora to Coahuila, south to Hidalgo;.type from Botanic Garden of Mexico. Texas to Arizona. Low shrub; stem cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades 1.5 to 6 cm. long, usually cinereous but sometimes green above, cinereous-tomentulose beneath; pappus awns 2, divergent, about 1 mm. long. “Mariola”’ (the usual and most widely dispersed name); “hembra de guayule”’ (so called because it often grows with the true guayule); ‘‘tananin{” (Querétaro); sometimes known erroneously as ‘‘guayule.”’ This plant furnishes rubber like that of guayule, but in smaller amounts. It has been employed extensively in Mexico for the extraction of commercial rubber, and was known also to the aboriginal inhabitants. Children sometimes chew the stems to obtain the rubber for making balls. In Coahuila the plant is reported to be used as a domestic remedy for affections of the liver. 8. Parthenium lozanianum Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 636. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Hacienda El Carrizo, Sierra Madre, above Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. About 2.5 meters high; leaf blades 4 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 cm. wide, deltoid- ovate, somewhat trilobate, coarsely repand-dentate with blunt teeth, usually with a pair of small lobes below base of blade. 42. IVA L. Sp. Pl. 988. 1753. REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 4-7. 1922. 1. Iva hayesiana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 78. 1876. Northern Baja California and Cedros Island. California; type from San Diego County, California. Frutescent, under 1 meter high; branches erectish, strigillose and glandular; leaves opposite, oblong-obovate, elliptic-oblong, or spatulate, 5 cm. long or less, usually obtuse, entire, short-petioled, thick, triplinerved; heads small, disciform, nodding, yellowish, 3 to 6 mm. wide, in virgate racemes or racemiform panicles, bracted with small leaves; phyllaries few, obovate, obtuse, herbaceous, punctate; pistillate flowers with short tubulose corolla; hermaphrodite flowers sterile; anthers free, with inflexed appendages; achenes obovoid, obcompressed, epap- pose, 1.8 mm. long. * 1522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 43. HYMENOCLEA Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 79. 1849. REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 83: 13-15. 1922. Slender much-branched shrubs; leaves alternate, linear-filiform, entire or pin- nately trisect; heads monoecious, glomerate-spicate, leafy-bracted; phyllaries of the staminate involucre few, united to middle; involucre of the pistillate heads gamophyllous, fusiform, beaked, inclosing a single flower, and bearing transverse, orbicular or obovate, scarious, spreading wings. Wings of the fruit spirally arranged, suborbieular, the lower 6 to 8 mm. wide. 1. H. salsola. Wings of the fruit in a single whorl, much narrower. Wings 7 to 12; body of fruit about 4 mm. long.___________ 2. H. monogyra. Wings usually 5; body of fruit about 6 mm, long__._.._..._8. H. pentalepis. 1. Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n, ser. 4: 79. 1849, Northern Baja California and Sonora. Utah to Arizona and California; type from the Mohave River, California. About 1 meter high; leaves few, mostly 3 em. long or less; pistillate involucre in fruit about 6 mm. long. 2. Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 79. 1849, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Baja California. California to Texas; type from the Valley of the Gila. , . Up to 4 meters high; leaves usually about 4 em. long; wings of fruit narrowly obovate. ‘‘Romerillo’”’ (Sinaloa). A characteristic shrub of sandy arroyos, where it often forms dense thickets. It is employed locally as a remedy for pains in the abdomen. 3. Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 14, 1922. Sonora and Baja California. Arizona and California; type from Pima Canyon, Arizona, Similar to H. monogyra; fruit larger, with broadly obovate-flabelliform wings. 44. FRANSERIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 78. pl. 200. 1793. REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 22-37, 1922. Herbs or shrubs, monoecious; leaves chiefly alternate; heads spicate, racemose, or paniculate, discoid; phyllaries of staminate involucres l-seriate, united to middle; fertile involucres bur-like, 1 to 8-celled, 1 to 8-flowered, beaked, armed with 2 to many series of often hooked spines. Leaves simply or doubly dentate, rarely 3 or 5-lobed. Leaves coarsely spinose-toothed__--_____________________. 15. F. ilicifolia. Leaves not spinose-toothed. Leaves elongate-triangular, 3 to 5 times as long as wide; fruiting involucre densely covered with strongly hooked spines, these not flattened at base. 14, F. ambrosioides. Leaves broader; spines of fruit flattened at base, usually not hooked. Leaves doubly dentate or 3 or 5-lobed, green beneath (sometimes tomen- tose when young in F. cordifolia). Leaves not trilobed to middle (except sometimes on sucker shoots), pubescent or puberulous beneath with more or less spreading hairs; spines and body of fruiting involuere densely stipitate- glandular.______--..22 2 7. F. cordifolia. Leaves 3 or 5-lobed to middle, strigillose on both sides; spines of fruit- ing involuere sparsely pilosulous, obscurely glandular. 8. F. divaricata. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1523 Leaves simply (rarely somewhat doubly) serrate or serrulate, densely whitish-tomentulose at least beneath. Body of the fruiting involucre puberulous or pilose; leaf blades chiefly lanceolate or lance-ovate____.__---------------12. F. deltoidea. Body of the fruiting involucre densely lanate-tomentose; leaf blades chiefly deltoid-ovate or ovate__--------- 13. F. chenopodiifolia. Leaves sinuate-lobed to tripinnatifid. Leaves green and sparsely strigillose to hispid beneath. Spines of the fruiting involucre 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long__------- 1. F. bryantii. Spines of the fruiting involucre 1 to 3.5 mm. long. Leaves bipinnately lobed. Spines of the fruit 6 to 9, not hooked, very short------- 4. F. hispida. Spines of the fruit numerous, hooked, about 3 mm. long. 6. F. magdalenae. Leaves pinnately lobed or shallowly pinnatifid. Leaves deeply lobed, with narrow divisions; fruit merely glandular. 2. F. acuminata. Leaves shallowly lobed, with broad teeth or lobes; fruit densely pilose. 10. F. sanctae-gertrudis. Leaves whitish or cinereous-pubescent or tomentulose beneath, at least when young. Spines of the fruiting involucre few (about 4 to 16). Leaves bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid__......--------- 3. F. camphorata. Leaves pinnately lobed or deeply sinuate-toothed. Leaf blades up to 15 em. long, the lobes coarsely serrate. 9. F. arborescens. Leaf blades 3 to 5 cm. long, the lobes spinulose-toothed. 11. F. flexuosa. Spines of the fruiting involucre numerous. Leaves small, 3 em. long or less, 1 to 3-pinnatisect, the tips of the primary lobes rounded; spines of the fruiting involucre strongly flattened at nee Or HOCK C0. eon ee eee ee 5. F. dumosa. Leaves usually 3 to 5 em. long, the tips of the primary lobes usually acutish; spines subterete or somewhat grooved above at base, hooked. 6. F. magdalenae. 1. Franseria bryantii Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 232. 1888. Acanthambrosia bryantii Rydb. N. Amer. FI]. 33: 22, 1922. Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Shrub 30 to 90 em. high, with white-barked branchlets; leaves 1 to 4 cm. long; pistillate involucres solitary or paired, long-persistent, appearing axillary; spines of the involucre wide-spreading, not hooked, in 1 or 2 series. 2. Franseria acuminata T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 171. 1889. Known only from the type locality, Purfsima, Baja California. Shrubby, about 60 em. high, the branches brown, essentially glabrous; leaves 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, long-acuminate; fruiting invelucre ‘‘5 mm. long,” with very short incurved spines. 3. Franseria camphorata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 192. 1885. Northern Baja California and Guadalupe Island; type from Guadalupe Island. Sufrutescent, tomentulose on the younger parts, camphory-resinous; primary lobes of the leaves lanceolate or triangular in outline, laciniately toothed to nearly bipinnatifid; fruiting involucres about 7 mm. long. 3a. Franseria camphorata leptophylia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 309. 1887, 1524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Franseria leptophylla Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 38: 32. 1922. Northern Baja California and Cedros Island; Sonora; type from San Fernando, Baja California. Similar; leaves more deeply lobed, with finer divisions. 4. Franseria hispida Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 25. 1844. Gaertnera hispida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Known only from the type locality, Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Low shrub; stem white-hispid; leaves bipinnatifid, 5 to 7 cm. long and wide, glandular and hispid; fruit 4 mm. long, the spines 6 to 9, subulate, 2-seriate. (Description compiled.) 5. Franseria dumosa A. Gray in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 316. 1845. Franseria albicaulis Torr. Pl. Frém. 16. 1853. Franseria dumosa albicaulis A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 87. 1859. Gaertnera dumosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Northern Baja California and Sonora. California to Utah and Arizona; type from the Mohave River. Low shrub, white-barked, finely cinereous-tomentulose, including both sides of the leaves; fruiting involucres about 6 mm. long; spines strongly flattened toward base, not hooked. 6. Franseria magdalenae T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II, 2: 170. 1889. Franseria intricata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 83: 33. 1922. Baja California; type from Magdalena Island. Shrubby, about 60 cm. high, much branched; inflorescence usually branched; leaves green or cinereous above, once or twice pinnatisect; fruiting involucres about 6 mm. long, densely armed with spreading hooked spines. 7. Franseria cordifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 445. 1884. Gaertnera cordifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Franseria malvacea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 34. 1922. Sonora, Sinaloa, and San Luis Potosi. Arizona; type from Tucson. Slender, suffrutescent, puberulous; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 2.5 to 8.5 em. long, green above, pale beneath, doubly dentate, usually shallowly cordate at base, sometimes 3-lobed; fruiting involucre 5 to 6 mm. long, its spines hooked. 8. Franseria divaricata T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 171. 1889. Known only from the type locality, San Gregorio, Baja California. Shrubby, divaricately much branched, 30 cm. high or more, cinereous-puberu- lous on the young growth; leaf blades suborbicular-ovate in outline, 2 to 2.5 em. long, 3 or 5-lobed about to middle, with cuneate-obovate doubly dentate lobes; fruiting involucre about 7 mm. long, the spines stout, about 2 mm. long, grooved but searcely flattened at base. 9. Franseria arborescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 162. 1903. Franseria carduacea Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911. Baja California. Arborescent, 3 to 5 meters high; stem hispidulous; leaves ovate in outline, 5 to 7-lobed about halfway to middle, the lobes broad, canescent-pilosulous beneath; fruiting involucres densely pubescent, with 7 or 8 stout hooked spines. 10. Franseria sanctae-gertrudis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 38: 35. 1922. Known only from the type locality, Santa Gertrudis, Baja California. Shrub; leaves petioled, ovate to lance-ovate, 6 to 8 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, shallowly sinuate-lobed or toothed, green and hispidulous on both sides; fruit as in I’, arborescens. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1525 11. Franseria flexuosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 298. 1885. Northern Baja California; type from Cantillas Canyon. Low shrub; leaves short-petioled, deltoid-lanceolate, coriaceous, sinuate-lobed or -toothed, acuminate, canescent-puberulent on both sides; fruit 7 mm. long, glandular and villous, the spines not hooked. (Description compiled.) 12. Franseria deltoidea Torr. Pl. Frém. 15. 1853. Gaertnera deltoidea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Sonora. Arizona; type from the Gila River. Low, shrubby, canescent-tomentulose; leaf blades 1 to 3.8 em. long, slender- petioled, cuneate at base, venose beneath; fruiting involucre about 7 mm. long, its spines straight, flattened at base. 13. Franseria chenopodiifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 26. 1844. Gaertnera chenopodiifolia Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 461. 1910. Franseria lancifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 36. 1922. Baja California and Cedros Island; type from Magdalena Bay. Southern California. Suffrutescent, low, the branches cinereous-tomentulose, glabrate; leaf blades 2 to 3 cm. long, usually about as wide; spines of the fruiting involucre hook-tipped, usually strongly flattened at base. Franseria lancifolia Rydb. is a form of this species with less pubescent fruits. 14, Franseria ambrosioides Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 79. pl. 200. 1793. AXanthidium ambrosioides Delpino, “Studi Lign. Anem. 63. 1871.” Gaertnera ambrosiodes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, and Baja California; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Arizona. Suffrutescent, hirsute and glandular, about 1.5 meters high; leaf blades 8 to 18 cm. long, 1 to 4.5 em. wide, acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, slender- petioled; fruiting involucre 1 to 1.2 em. long, Xanthium-like. ‘Chicura”’ (Sina- loa, Baja California.) 15. Franseria ilicifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 77. 1876. Gaertnera ilicifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891. Northern Baja California and islands; type from Cantillas Canyon. California and Arizona. Shrubby, 30 to 60 cm. high, spreading-hirsute, densely leafy; leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.8 to 9.5 cm. wide, sessile, cordate-clasping, coriaceous; fruiting involucre 1.5 to 2.3 cm. long, densely covered with hooked spines, glandular-hairy. 45, PHILACTIS Schrad. ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1831;”’ Linnaea 8: Litt.-Ber. 24, 1833. 1. Philactis zinnioides Schrad. ‘“‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1831;” Linnaea 8: Litt.-Ber. 24. 1833. Mexico, without definite locality. Suffruticulose, dichotomous, the young branches villous; leaves opposite, petioled, broadly ovate, acuminate, serrulate, appressed-villous; peduncles in the forks, monocephalous, shorter than the leaves; involucre 2-seriate, appressed; receptacle elongate-conic; heads yellow; rays fertile, sessile, persistent, their achenes trigonous, glabrous, with an awn on the inner angle; disk flowers sterile, the achenes subtetragonous, with a pappus of 4 basally connate awns. (Descrip- tion compiled.) 46. ZINNIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1221. 1759. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, A revision of the genus Zinnia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 14-20. 1896 1526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Herbs or undershrubs with opposite entire leaves (in ours), and yellow, orange, white, or rarely liver-colored, usually solitary, terminal heads; involucre several- seriate, of strongly graduate, dry, subherbaceous-tipped phyllaries; rays fertile, the ligules sessile, persistent, the achenes awnless or with 1 to 3 short awns; disk fertile, the achenes strongly compressed, 2-toothed, 1 or 2-awned or awnless. The cultivated zinnias or youth-and-old-age of the gardens are Mexican and South American species of this genus. Rays bright orange_____________- Beit eee 1. Z. juniperifolia. Rays white, yellow, or liver-colored. Rays much shorter than the involucre, sometimes wanting___2. Z. anomala. Rays longer than the involucre. Leaves triplinerved; ligules 8 to 16 mm. long___________ 3. Z. grandiflora. Leaves 1-nerved; ligules 12 mm. long or less. Body of disk achenes 3 to 3.5 mm. long.________________ 4. Z. acerosa. Body of disk achenes 2 mm. long___.__-__-____________.. 5. Z. pumila. 1. Zinnia juniperifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 105. 1852. Diplothrix juniperifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 612. 1836. Crassina juniperifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potos{; type from San Luis Potosf. Suffruticulose, much branched, 30 em. high or less, puberulous; leaves linear, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.8 mm. wide, 3-nerved; peduncles usually elongate; heads 2 to 3.8 em. wide. 2. Zinnia anomala A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 106. 1852. Crassina anomala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Coahuila and Zacatecas. Texas; type from prairies bevond the Pecos. Suffruticulose, about 12 cm. high; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, about 2 em. long, 3-nerved; phyllaries densely ciliate; heads 1.5 em. wide or less; ligules “yellow” (?), apparently liver-colored; disk deep orange. 3. Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 348. 1840. Crassina grandiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Sonora to Chihuahua and Durango. Colorado to Arizona and Texas; type from the Rocky Mountains. Suffruticulose, much branched, 20 em. high or less; leaves linear, 2.5 em. long or less, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; heads 2 to 3.2 em. wide; rays bright yellow, very showy, suborbicular; disk orange. 4, Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 106. 1852. Diplothrix acerosa DC. Prodr. 5: 611. 1836. Crassina acerosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Coahuila and San Luis Potos{; type from San Luis Potosf. Texas. Similar to Z. grandiflora but smaller; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide or less; heads 1 to 2.5 em. wide; rays pale yellow or white (?). 5. Zinnia pumila A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 81. 1849, Crassina pumila Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891. Sonora to Coahuila and San Luis Potos{; type from San Juan de la Vequeria and Castaniola, Mexico. Texas to Arizona. Similar to Z. acerosa; leaves shorter, 16 mm. long or less; heads 1.2 to 1.8 em. wide; rays white or “pale yellow” (2); achenes smaller. ‘“Hierba de burro”’ (Zacatecas.) ‘ 47. SANVITALIA Gualt. in Lam. “Journ. Nat. Hist. 2: 176. pl. 83. 1792.” 1. Sanvitalia fruticosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 155. 1881. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacdn, Puebla. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1527 Suffruticulose, about 15 em. high, much branched, cinereous-strigose through- out; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades lanceolate, 1 to 2.4 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, few-toothed or entire; heads solitary at tips of branches, 1.5 em. wide, often leafy-bracted; rays yellow, sessile, persistent; disk purple-brown; ray achenes trigonous, stiffly 3-awned; disk achenes compressed, usually with crustaceous margins and 2 short awns. 48. HELIOPSIS Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 473. 1807. 1. Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 608. 1924. Philactis longipes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 35. 1879. San Luis Potosi. Suffrutescent, 30 to 50 cm. high, hirtellous; leaves opposite, remote, short- petioled, the blades ovate, about 2 cm. long, dentate-serrate; peduncles terminal, elongate, 1-headed; involucre 2-seriate, about 7 mm. high, of subherbaceous, ovate or lance-ovate phyllaries; receptacle columnar; flowers yellow; rays fertile, the lamina sessile, about 1 em. long, the achenes trigonous-obcompressed, epap- pose; disk flowers fertile, quadrangular and few-ribbed, epappose or with 2 or 4 minute teeth. e 49. GRYPOCARPHA Greenm. in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 145. pl. 73. 1903. REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 34-36. 1917, Shrubs with opposite triplinerved ovate leaves; heads yellow, radiate, solitary in the axils or in cymes of 3 or 5 at tips of branches; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the phyllaries indurate, lance-ovate or oblong, with narrow, spreading or reflexed, herbaceous tips; pales stiff, acuminate, usually incurved-hooked at apex; ray corollas sessile, persistent; ray achenes trigonous, l-awned; disk achenes fertile, quadrangular, with 1 or 2 awns and sometimes 1 or 2 very short squamellae. The genus includes only the three following species. Branchlets densely pubescent; involucre villous____________-_ 1. G. hebeclada. Branchlets very sparsely strigillose or glabrous; phyllaries ciliate, on back sparsely pubescent or subglabrous. Veins of the leaves beneath spreading-pubescent_________- 2. G. liebmannii. Veins of the leaves beneath glabrous___________-_-__-___-__- 3. G. nelsonii. 1. Grypocarpha hebeclada Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 35. 1917. Oaxaca; type from Tula. Leaf blades ovate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, strigose above, in youth densely pubescent beneath, on petioles 1 cm. long; ‘heads 1.5 to 3 cm. wide. 2. Grypocarpha liebmannii (Klatt) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 35. 1917. Zinnia liebmannii Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887. Sanvitaliopsis liebmannit Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887, as synonym. Melanthera fruticosa T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 421. 1924. Oaxaca (?) and Chiapas; type from Rio Taba, Oaxaca (?). Guatemala. Leaf blades ovate, 7.5 to 10.5 cm. long, acuminate, smooth above; heads 2 cm. wide. . 3. Grypocarpha nelsonii Greenm. in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 145. pl. 73. 1903. Sanvitaliopsis nelsonit Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 261. 1905. Known only from the type locality, on ridge back of Tonaid, Chiapas. Leaf blades ovate, 6 to 7 em. long, glabrous on both sides; heads about 2.2 em. wide, 1528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 50. RUMFORDIA DC. Prodr. 5: 549. 1836. REFERENCE: Robinson, A revision of the genus Rumfordia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 592-596. 1909. Shrubs or herbs, with broad opposite leaves; heads yellow, radiate, several to very numerous in terminal cymose panicles; involucre double, the outer phyl- laries herbaceous, loose, the inner much smaller, embracing the ray achenes; ray and disk fertile; achenes obovoid, thickened, epappose. Leaves broadly ovate, regularly toothed, not lobed or angulate. 1. R. floribunda. Leaves rhombic-ovate or triangular-ovate, coarsely 1 or 2-lobed or toothed on the angles. Outer phyllaries granular-puberulous chiefly on margin; stem essentially gla- POG ose a ee ee ee 2. R. attenuata. Outer phyllaries glandular-pilose; stem crisped-pilosulous__._3. R. oreopola. 1. Rumfordia floribunda DC. Prodr. 5: 550. 1836. Rumfordia floribunda pubescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 261. 1905. Tepic to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrupby below, 2 to 4 meters high; leaf blades 8 to 19 em. long, decurrent on the petioles nearly or usually quite to the base, usually pilose beneath in the axils of the main veins and dlong costa; panicle 10 to 22 cm. wide, very many- headed; heads 1.8 to 3.5 em. wide; ray corollas provided with a slender tube, persistent, yellow becoming white. “Tacote amarillo” (Tepic). 2. Rumfordia attenuata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 594. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of Michoacdn or Guerrero. Suffrutescent (?), 2.5 meters high; leaves rhombic-ovate, or the upper lanceo- late, the larger 23 cm. long, 12 em. wide, thin, acuminate, bearing one or two large spreading teeth on each angle, narrowed to a subsessile base or short- petioled; phyllaries 8 to 10 mm. long. 3. Rumfordia oreopola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 595. 1909. Known only from the type locality, crest of the Sierra Madre, Michoacan or Guerrero. Suffrutescent (?), 3 meters high; leaves triangular-ovate, about 10 em. long, 6 cm. wide, short-petioled, coarsely about 2-toothed on each side and serrulate; phyllaries 1.1 to 1.9 em. long, 51. RHYSOLEPIS Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36. 1917. REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36-37. 1917. Suffrutescent; leaves opposite or alternate, serrate; heads radiate, yellow, few in terminal cymose panicles; involucre 3 or 4-seriate, graduate, of herbaceous- tipped phyllaries; rays neutral; pales indurate, gibbous, cross-wrinkled, closely embracing the disk achenes; disk achenes strongly compressed; pappus of 2 awns and 6 to 8 minute squamellae. Only the two species following are known. Leaves chiefly alternate, oblong or ovate-oblong, subsessile___1. R. morelensis. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, on petioles 3 to 13 mm. long_2. R. palmeri. 1. Rhysolepis morelensis (Greenm.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36. 1917, Viguiera morelensis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 40. 1904. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca. Leaf blades 4 to 6.8 cm. long, 0.8 to 2 em. wide; involucre 7 mm. high, the two outer rows of phyllaries strongly reflexed, the two inner with only the tips reflexed. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1529 2. Rhysolepis palmeri (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 37. 1917. Viguiera palmeri A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 427. 1887. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco. Leaf blades 4 to 10.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 3 em. wide; phyllaries all squarrose- tipped, the outer with lance-linear foliaceous tips up to 2.5 cm. long. 52. MONTANOA Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 11. 1825. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 508-521. 1899. Shrubs or trees; leaves chiefly opposite, usually ovate, sometimes lobed or coarsely pinnatifid; heads white, radiate, rarely discoid, usually numerous; outer phyllaries about 5 to 7, usually linear to oblong; rays neutral; pales in fruit accrescent, usually scarious, often spinescent-tipped, including and greatly surpassing the obovoid, ‘thickened, epappose achenes. The genus was named by Cervantes in honor of Don Luis Montafia, native of Puebla, a distinguished physician and naturalist. The name “cerbatana’”’ is reported for some unidentified species of the genus. In Central America this same name is sometimes applied to species of Verbesina because of the fact that the hollow stems are employed by boys for making popguns (cerbatanas). Rays none; heads 3 or 4-flowered. Leaves suborbicular, rusty-tomentose beneath___-------- 1. M. hemsleyana. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oval-ovate, quickly glabrate beneath_2. M. rekoi. Rays present; heads with more numerous flowers. Heads very large, 4.5 to 8 cm. wide; leaves deeply pinnatifid. Petioles broadly winged to the very base___.--------- 29. M. grandiflora. Petioles incompletely or not at all winged. Leaves permanently canescent-tomentose beneath___-_- 30. M. speciosa. Leaves soon green and merely puberulent beneath._31. M. pyramidata. Heads smaller, 4.5 (rarely 5) cm. wide or less; leaves often merely serrate. Heads very small, 16 mm. wide or less, the rays 2 to 5; pales densely silky- villous. Leaves truncate or subcordate at base. Leaves deltoid-ovate, about as wide as long-_------- 3. M. floribunda. Leaves triangular-ovate, much longer than wide__.-4. M. tomentosa. Leaves cuneate to acute at base. Leaves distinctly 3 or 5-lobed. Phyllaries in anthesis 5 to 6 mm. long-_------------9. M. palmeri. Phyllaries in anthesis 3 to 4 mm. long. Leaves about one-half as wide as long____--7. M. myriocephala. Leaves about three-fourths as wide as long--.8. M. xanthiifolia. Leaves unlobed. Phyllaries at anthesis 2.5 to 4 mm. long. Leaves 2 to 7 em. wide, on petioles 1 cm. long.-.5. M. seleriana. Leaves 1.8 to 2 em. wide, on winged petioles_.6. M. microcephala. Phyllaries at anthesis 4.5 to 6 mm. long. Larger leaves rhombic-ovate, 7 to 8 cm. wide--- -- 9. M. palmeri. Larger leaves ovate, 2 to 5 em. wide._.-- Leet 10. M. rosei. Ueads medium-sized, the rays 7 to 10; pales from rather densely villous to nearly glabrous, not silky. Phyllaries about 10 mm. long. Phyllaries spatulate-obovate. ....-.--.------------- 11. M. pringlei. 1530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Phyllaries broadly oblong.____________________- 12. M. liebmannii. Phyllaries smaller, 3 to 7 mm. long. Leaves very large, 10 to 30 em. wide, deeply palmate-lobed, on wingless CONG oes ee ee ee 15. M. hibiscifolia. Leaves much smaller, or else merely angulate-lobed. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, the petioles short, naked or winged. 13. M. samalensis. Leaves mostly ovate or lance-ovate. Petioles short, winged throughout___________ 14. M. tehuacana. Petioles usually rather long, winged only at apex if at all. Pales in fruit stiff and firm, gradually long-acuminate into a stout spinescent tip. Leaves essentially glabrous beneath except along the veins. 17. M. frutescens. Leaves hirtellous beneath. _____________ 18. M. arborescens. Pales in fruit thin, subscarious, varying from abruptly mucronate to short-acuminate. Pales in fruit rather densely long-pilose, especially on margin. 23. M. pilosipalea. Pales in fruit subglabrous or sparsely pubescent. Plants scandent. Leaves broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, rounded or truncate to subcordate at base. Leaves puberulous beneath _______ 26. M. pauciflora. Leaves sordid-tomentulose beneath___27. M. schottii. Leaves lance-ovate, cuneate at base____28. M. gracilis. Plants not scandent. Leaves hexagonal-ovate, about 14 em. long and nearly as wide, long-petioled, arachnoid-tomentose beneath; branchlets strongly quadrangular. 16. M. hexagona. Leaves usually much longer than wide, not arachnoid- tomentose beneath; branchlets not strongly quad- rangular. Pales in fruit retuse and short-mucronate. Leaves pubescent beneath on all the veins and veinlets__.-.-- == _.---24. M. subtruncata. Leaves sparsely puberulous beneath on the chief veins.........--_---___ Earner 25. M. affinis. Pales in fruit rather gradually or abruptly cuspidate or mucronate, not retuse. Pales in fruit with straightish tips. Leaves rhombic-ovate or triangular-ovate, shortly cuneate at base____ __ 19. M. purpurascens. Leaves lanceolate to lance-obovate, truncate at |): |: ee a ee ae er er 20. M. arsenei. Pales in fruit with uncinate-recurved tips. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, obscurely or not at all angulate-lobed____________ 2i. M. uncinata. Leaves usually rhombic-ovate, distinctly angulate- TONG ose ee eee 22. M. patens. 1. Montanoa hemsleyana (Kuntze) Blake. Montanoa sp. (no. 24) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 166. 1881. Eriocoma hemsleyana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1531 Montanoa anomala Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 509. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Leaves petioled, the blades of the uppermost 4 cm. long, 5 em. wide, unlobed; panicle 18 em. wide; phyllaries linear or linear-lanceolate. (Description com- piled.) 2. Montanoa rekoi Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 610. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Apango, Oaxaca. Large tree, the trunk up to 50 cm. thick, the bark cork-like; leaf blades 8.5 to 19 cm. long, 2.3 to 9.5 em. wide, unlobed or sometimes 3-lobed; disk 5 mm. high, 2.5 mm. thick; phyllaries ovate. ‘‘ Yagazeche,” ‘“ocotillo.” The branches contain a rosin or camphor-like substance which burns like pitch. 3. Montanoa floribunda (H. B. K.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Giartn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 268. pl. 396. 1820. Montagnaea floribunda DC. Prodr. 5: 564. 1836. State of Mexico to Oaxaca; type collected between Guadalupe and City of Mexico. Shrub, up to 2.5 meters high; branches sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves slender-petioled, the blades 2.5 to 6.5 em. long and wide, crenate-dentate, scabrous above, sordid-tomentose beneath; heads very numerous, cymose- panicled. ‘‘Cihuapatli,” “‘zuapatli,” “‘zoapatle,” “zoapatli.” 4. Montanoa tomentosa Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 11. 1825. Eriocoma fragrans D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. 1: pl. 44. 1830. Eriocoma heterophylla Schrad. ‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1833: 3. 1833;” Linnaea 10: Litt.-Ber. 70. 1835. Montagnaea tomentosa DC. Prodr. 5: 564. 1836. Montagnaea tomentosa cordifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Montagnaea tomentosa ternifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Montanoa ternifolia Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Eriocoma ternifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Montanoa tomentosa ternifolia Hemsl. (Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 166. 1881, as synonym); Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 34: 510. 1899. San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from State of Mexico. Similar to M. floribunda; leaf blades 3.5 to 11 em. long, 2 to 8.5 cm. wide, often coarsely lobed especially toward base. ‘‘Cihuapatli,” ‘‘ciguapacle”’ (from the Nahuatl cihua-patli, woman + medicine); ‘‘singuapacle,” ‘“zuapatli,” ‘‘zoapatie,”’ “zihoapactli,” “sinhuapastle,” ‘“zihuapatl,” “zoapatle,” “cihoapactli,” “hierba de la parida”’ (Distrito Federal). The plant is reputed to have stomachic, diuretic, and pectoral properties. Its most common use, however, is as an aid to women in childbirth, the decoction being administered to provoke uterine contractions, although such use is said to be dangerous. It is said to be much used for this purpose in Mexico at the present time. See E. Armendériz, Estudio quimico del zoapatli, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 1: 11. It is doubtless this or a related species of which Sahagtin writes as follows: ‘There is a medicinal plant called ciuapatli. It is a shrub from which spring many long branches with ashen, pointed leaves. The flowers are yellow and white. The seed resembles that of blite. The decoction of the leaves is the part used. Pregnant women drink it at the time of delivery to facilitate labor and to prevent consequent exhaustion. The numerous roots of this shrub are fine and long, black outside and yellow within. Ground and mixed with lukewarm water, 1532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM they are good for those who suffer from dysentery. The infusion may be taken on an empty stomach or after meals. Those who make use of it should be careful of their diet. This plant grows in the fields, on the mountains, or even in the patios of the houses.” 5. Montanoa seleriana Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 510. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Tuxtla, Chiapas. Leaves rhombic-ovate or lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, cuneate at base, serrulate or subentire, scabrous above, tomentose beneath, at length subglabrate; panicles 10 em. wide. (Description compiled.) 8. Montanoa microcephala Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma microcephala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Known only from the type locality, Ejutla, Oaxaca. Rusty-tomentose; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 6 cm. long, acute at each end, serrate, scabrous above, densely tomentose beneath; heads very small and numerous. (Description compiled.) 7. Montanoa myriocephala Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 511. 1899, Jalisco and Puebla to Chiapas; type from Chapala, Jalisco. Branches sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate in outline, 7 to 13 em. long, 3 to 8 em. wide, 3 or 5-lobed with short blunt lateral lobes, cuneately decurrent on the upper part of the petiole, scabrous above, more or less tomentose beneath; heads numerous. 8. Montanoa xanthiifolia Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma xanthiifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. “Chacalepa Estate, Mexico’ (type locality). Costa Rica. Similar to M. myriocephala; leaf blades 3-lobed, 12 cm. long, 9 cm. wide, cuneately narrowed into the rusty-tomentose petiole, very scabrous above, the lobes ovate or triangular, acute to caudate-acuminate. (Description compiled.) 9. Montanoa palmeri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 93. 1897. Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub 2.5 meters high, soon glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 10 to 14 cm. long, 7 to 8 em. wide, the larger angulate-lobed near middle, caudate-acumi- nate, crenulate, rough above, pubescent beneath; flowers with fragrance suggesting that of apple blossoms. 10. Montanoa rosei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 45. 1896. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Alamos, Sonora. Similar to M. palmeri; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, 7 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, unlobed, serrate, rough and bullate above, pubescent and gland- dotted beneath; heads very silky. 11, Montanoa pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 512. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Tehuacdn, Puebla. Branchlets pulverulent-tomentose; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acute, serrate, gradually narrowed into wings decurrent nearly to base of petiole, green and scabrous above, canescent-to- mentose beneath; heads 2 or 3 at ends of branches; rays 6 to 8 mm. long; pales (in anthesis) attenuate, villous. (Description compiled.) 12. Montanoa liebmannii (Schultz Bip.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 37. 1917. Polymnia liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887. Montanoa macrolepis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 44. 1896. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1533 Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Estepe. Stem hirsute-pilose, glabrescent; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 6 to 12.5 cm. long, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. wide, sinuately 3 or 5-lobed, decurrent on the upper part of the petiole, rough above, green and pubescent beneath; heads 1 to 5 at ends of branches; phyllaries acute to rounded, 3.5 to 5 mm. wide; pales elongate, at- tenuate, straightish, pungent-tipped. 18. Montanoa samalensis Coult. Bot. Gaz. 20: 49. 1895. Zacatecas. Guatemala; type from Rfo Samald, Guatemala. Branches sordid-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves 8 to 24 cm. long, a third as wide, obtuse or acuminate, crenate, green and scabrous above, beneath at first canescent-tomentose, at length glabrate and green; heads solitary or few; pales truncate, spinescent-mucronate. 14. Montanoa tehuacana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 209. 1911. Puebla; type from Tehuacdan. Shrub, up to 5 meters high; leaf blades lance-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4.5 to 20 em. long, 2.5 to 16 cm. wide, cuneately decurrent on the petiole (sometimes broadly so), often sinuately 3 or 5-lobed, green and scabrous above, canescent- tomentulose beneath; heads rather few or numerous; pales rather abruptly contracted into long, spreading, spinescent tips. 15. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 407. 1864. Montagnaea hibiscifolia Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 89. 1852. Eriocoma hibiscifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Segovia, Nicaragua. Shrub, up to 6.5 meters high; branches glabrescent; petioles long, often biauriculate at apex; leaves sinuately several-lobed usually to middle or deeper, canescent-tomentulose to merely puberulous beneath; heads numerous, cymose- panicled, 2 to 3.5 em. wide; rays white “with roseate tinge’’; pales in fruit short- mucronate from a subtruncate or emarginate apex. ‘‘Telecate blanco” (Nica- ragua); ‘‘palo de marimba”’ (El Salvador). 16. Montanoa hexagona Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 514. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Chiapas. Large tree; leaves scabrous above, unappendaged at base; petioles wingless, 7 cm. long; heads numerous, rather large; rays about 2 cm. long. (Description compiled.) 17. Montanoa frutescens (Mairet) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 165. 1881. Montagnaea frultescens Mairet; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Priestleya squarrosa Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym. Eriocoma frutescens Alamén; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym. Aldama montanoa Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864. Michoacén to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub, up to 4 meters high; stem glabrous or early glabrate; leaf blades ovate to deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, 6 to 15.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 11 em. wide, rarely sinu- ately 3-lobed, acuminate, green on both sides, harsh above; heads few or numer- ous, up to 4.5 em. wide. 18. Montanoa arborescens (DC.) Schultz Bip; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406. 1864. Montagnaea arborescens DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Eriocoma arborescens Alamain; DC. Prodr. 5: 566. 1836, as synonym. Montanoa floribunda Cerv.; DC. Prodr. 5: 566. 1836, as synonym. Mexico, without definite locality (type); “Cordillera Guchilaqua.”’ 1534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Branches villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at base, serrate near middle, harsh above; heads loosely cymose, long-pediceled; phyllaries oblong, nearly equaling the disk. (Description compiled.) The name ‘“‘tacote de flor” has been reported for the species. 19. Montanoa purpurascens Robins. & Greenm. Proe. Amer. Acad. 84: 515. 1899. Eriocoma hartwegiana Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891, nomen nudum. Zacatecas to Guanajuato; type locality not definitely stated. Stem sordid-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 6 to 12.5 em. long, 2 to 8 em. wide, attenuate, cuneate at base, crenate-serrate, harsh above, sordid-tomentose or tomentulose beneath; heads numerous; fruiting pales broad, rather abruptly pungent-pointed. 20. Montanoa arsenei Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 611. 1924, Known only from the type locality, near Morelia, Michoacan. Stem sordidly subtomentose-pubescent; leaf blades 6 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, at base often very unequal, harsh above, rather densely hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous, about 2 cm. wide; pales in fruit rather gradually narrowed to the spreading or reflexed cuspidate tip. 21. Montanoa uncinata Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma uncinata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Michoacan to Oaxaca; type from “Cumbre de Estepa.”’ Shrub, up to 4 meters high; branches soon glabrate or glabrescent; leaf blades lance-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, 2 to 6.5 em. wide, caudate- acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, griseous-tomentose or tomentulose beneath; heads numerous, about 2 em. wide; pales broad, with short abrupt spinescent tips. 22. Montanoa patens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 388. 1886. Sonora and Chihuahua to Jalisco and Puebla; type from Batopilas, Chihuahua. Shrub, up to 4 meters high; branches puberulent; leaf blades 9 to 25 em. long, 4 to 18 em. wide, acuminate or attenuate, short-cuneate and often biauriculate at base, green and scabrous above, paler and puberulent-tomentulose beneath; heads numerous, about 2.5 em. wide; pales broad, abruptly and shortly uncinate- cuspidate. 23. Montanoa pilosipalea Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 612. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Fort de La Guadalupe, near City of Puebla. Stem sordidly pilose-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-ovate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 1.3 to 4 em. wide, subentire or usually coarsely 1 or 2-toothed or lobed on each side near base, acuminate, short-cuneate at base, griseous-tomentose beneath; heads numerous; rays 7 mm. long; fruiting pales loosely long-pilose and densely pilose-ciliate above, abruptly contracted into a firm, spreading or slightly recurved cusp 1.5 to 1.8 mm. long. : 24. Montanoa subtruncata A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 424, 1887. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco. Shrub, up to 4 meters high; stem somewhat puberulous; leaves slender-petioled, the blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4.5 to 12 em. long, 3 to 8 em. wide, acuminate, at base truncate-rounded to broadly subeordate, not auriculate, sometimes sinu- ately 3 or 5-lobed, scabrous above, green beneaths heads numerous, 2.5 to 3.8 em. wide; fruiting pales broad, abruptly mucronulate at the retuse apex. 25. Montanoa affinis Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 619. 1924, Known only from the type locality, El Oeote, Michoacén or Guerrero. Shrub, 3 meters high; stem sparsely strigillose; petioles slender, 1.5 to 4.5 em. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1535 long; blades broadly ovate or suborbicular-ovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, 4.5 to 8 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate at base, sometimes with a short blunt lobe on each side near middle, remotely crenate, harsh above; heads numerous, 1.7 to 2 cm. wide; immature pales truncate-rounded and abruptly contracted into a short erect cusp. ‘‘Flor de San Francisco.” 26. Montanoa pauciflora Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887. Coreopsis trilobata Vahl; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887, as synonym. Oaxaca. Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador; type locality erroneously given as South America. Seandent, suffrutescent; stem puberulent; petioles slender; leaf blades ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6.8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, sometimes shallowly and acutely 3-lobed, scabrous above; heads usually rather numerous, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide; fruiting pales retuse and short-mucronate. ‘‘ Margarita,” ‘palo de ma- rimba,” “tatascamite blaneo”’ (El Salvador). 27. Montanoa schottii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 518. 1899. Yucatdn and Campeche (?); type collected between Mérida and Sisal, Yucatan. Similar to M. pauciflora; leaves not lobed; branches of inflorescence sordid- tomentose; phyllaries acute; heads 4.5 to 5 em. wide; fruiting pales retuse and mucronulate. ‘‘Homahak” (Maya, Yucatdn). 28. Montanoa gracilis Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 407. 1864. Eriocoma gracilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Known only from the type locality, “San Miguel, La Grabra,’’ Mexico. Similar to M. pauciflora; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5 em. long, 2.5 cm. wide, cuneate at base, very rough above, essentially glabrous beneath except along the nerves; rays 5; pales with straight mucro. (Description compiled.) 29. Montanoa grandiflora (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 408. 1864. Montagnaea grandiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Eriocoma grandiflora Alamdin; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym. ?Priestleya longifolia Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym, Durango to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, up to 4 meters high; stem stout, sordidly subtomentose; leaves up to 30 cm. long (ineluding the broadly margined petiole), pinnatifid with 3 to 9 un- equal lobes, usually acuminate, green and rough above, canescent-tomentulose or subglabrescent beneath; heads numerous, 4.5 to 6.5 cm. wide; fruiting pales gradually spinescent-acuminate. ‘‘Paracua”’ (Michoacan, Seler). 30. Montanoa speciosa (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 408. 1864. Montagnaea speciosa DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836. Eriocoma speciosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos. Leaves about 22 cm. long, 7.5 cm. wide, irregularly pinnatifid, decurrent on the petiole, villous above, softly villous-tomentose beneath; pales subulate- spinescent at apex. (Description compiled.) 31. Montanoa pyramidata Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 408. 1864. Eriocoma pyramidata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Jalisco, Colima, and Morelos; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Similar to M. spectosa; leaves soon green and merely puberulent beneath; fruiting pales gradually or rather abruptly narrowed into the straight cusp. ““Tacote’’ (Sinaloa). 57020—26——15 1536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM DOUBTFUL SPECIES. MONTANOA ASCHENBORNII Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 407. 1864. Eriocoma aschenbornii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. MONTANOA BIPINNATIFIDA (Kunth) C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 407. 1864. Uhdea bipinnatifida Kunth, “Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1847: 13. 1847.” Closely allied to M. pyramidata Schultz Bip., and perhaps identical. MONTANOA CRENATA Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 407. 1864. Eriocoma crenata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. MoNTANOA ELEGANS C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 408. 1864. Eriocoma elegans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Apparently closely related to M. pyramidata Schultz Bip., if not identical with that species. MONTANOA KARVINSKII (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 407. 1864, as M. karwinskyi. Montagnaea karvinskii DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836; Montagnaea clematidea Walp. Linnaea 14: 308. 1840; Montanoa clematidea Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 165. 1881; Eriocoma clematidea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891; Eriocoma karwinskyi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. MonTANoA OLIVAE Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864, Eriocoma olivae Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. MONTANOA TRILOBA Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864. Eriocoma triloba Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. 53. VARILLA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 106. 1849. REFERENCE: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 257. 1884. Shrubby, low, glabrous; leaves linear, entire, opposite or alternate; heads discoid, yellow, solitary or cymose-panicled; involucre about 2-seriate, of lanceo- late, indurate, vittate, appressed phyllaries; achenes subcylindric, 10 to °15- ribbed; pappus none or of about 10 weak bristle-like awns, Only two species of this genus are known. Heads cymose-panicled; leaves opposite, acuminate, not fleshy_1. V. mexicana. Heads solitary, long-peduncled; leaves chiefly alternate, obtuse, fleshy. 2. V. texana. 1. Varilla mexicana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 106. 1849, Coahuila and Chihuahua; type collected between Pelayo and Cadena, Chihuahua, Low shrub, about 1.5 meters high, somewhat glutinous, oppositely branched; leaves linear-attenuate, 3 to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide; achenes about 10- ribbed, 2.5 mm. long; pappus of about 10 short, weak, often sparsely branched, bristle-like, persistent awns. “ Varilla”’ (Coahuila); ‘“jarilla.”’ 2. Varilla texana A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 123. 1852. Northern Mexico (according to Gray). Texas; type collected between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. Frutescent, tufted, about 30 em. high; leaves 1.5 to 3.3 em. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; peduncles 6 to 15 em. long; achenes about 15-ribbed, epappose. 54. AGIABAMPOA Rose; O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 45: , 390. 1894. REFERENCE: Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 335. pl. 32. 1895. 1. Agiabampoa congesta Rose; O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 45: 390. 1894. Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo. Woody below, 1.5 to 2 meters high, strigillose, exuding a gum with odor of turpentine; leaves opposite, often alternate above, their blades lance-ovate to linear-lanceolate, 3 to 8.5 cm. long, 0.4 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, subentire, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1537 triplinerved, short-petioled; heads in small close cymose panicles at tips of branches, cylindric, about 8 mm. high, yellow; ray flowers 5 or wanting, neutral; disk flowers 10 to 18; involucre strongly graduate, of indurate, obtuse or rounded, vittate phyllaries; achenes obovoid-oblong, about 2 mm. long, trigonous or sub- quadrangular, glabrous, epappose. ‘ Balayaqui.”’ 55. ZALUZANIA Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 473. 1807. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 530-534. 1899. Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate; heads radiate or discoid, yellow, solitary to panicled; involucre about 2-seriate, appressed; receptacle conical; rays fertile; achenes of the ray trigonous, sometimes with a few deciduous aristiform squamel- lae; disk achenes somewhat compressed, epappose. Heads discoid_______.-__.-______--____ 2-2 ee eee ee 7. Z. pringlei. Heads radiate. Leaves 3-lobed____----_--------------------------------- 1. Z. grayana. Leaves entire to dentate, not lobed. Leaves densely canescent-tomentulose beneath. Involucre green, merely puberulent______.__=___-__-_-__- 2. Z. augusta. Involucre canescent-tomentulose. Leaf blades ovate or triangular, obtuse, abruptly contracted into often winged petioles____..___.-.-.-_-.-_-_-- 3. Z. mollissima. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, cuneately narrowed into short naked petioles____...-__.__________-_- 4, Z. megacephala. Leaves green or griseous-pubescent beneath. Leaf blades triangular-ovate, 1 to 4 em. wide, abruptly contracted into winged petioles 0.5 to 2 em. long____- ere 5. Z. montagnaefolia. Leaf blades broadly ovate or oval-ovate, 3.5 to 8.5 cm. wide, on short, essentially naked petioles.___.......____.._-______- 6. Z. coulteri. 1. Zaluzania grayana Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 531. 1899. Gymnolomia triloba A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 217. 1882. Not Zalu- zania triloba Pers. 1807. Chihuahua. Arizona and New Mexico; type collected south of Rucker’s Valley, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. Suffrutescent, 80 cm. high; stem puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, green on both sides, the primary lobes toothed or slightly lobed; heads about 2 cm. wide. 2. Zaluzania augusta (Lag.) Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 562. 1861. Ferdinanda augusta Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 31. pl. 2. 1816. Anthemis lutescens Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 30. 1824. Chrysophania fastigiata Kunth; Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 224. 1832. Ferdinanda lutescens DC. Prodr. 5: 553. 1836. Zaluzania angusta Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 362. 1873. Guanajuato to Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub up to 2.5 meters high, much branched; leaf blades lance-ovate to tri- angular-ovate, 1.5 to 7 em. long, entire to coarsely toothed; heads 7 to 12 mm. wide, numerous in cymose panicles; phyllaries lance-ovate to ovate, mostly acutish. ‘Caxtidani” (Querétaro); ‘“‘cenicilla;” ‘limpia-tunas” (Mexico, Oaxaca). The name “‘limpia-tunas”’ is said to he given because of the fact that the plant usually grows with prickly-pears, and the branches are used as brushes for re- moving the fine spines from the tunas. The plant is said to have the odor of southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum). 1538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 3. Zaluzania mollissima A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 35. 1879. Zacatecas, San Luis Potosf, and Puebla; type from City of San Luis Potosf. Shrubby, about 1.5 meters high; leaf blades 2 to 5.2 cm. long, entire to crenate, cuneate to subcordate at base; heads 1 to 2.5 em. wide, several or numerous; phyllaries ovate to oval, obtuse. 4, Zaluzania megacephala Schulta Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861. Ferdinanda augusta megacephala Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861, as synonym. Hidalgo and Coahuila; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo. Suffrutescent (?), about 60 cm. high, simple below the inflorescence; stem cinereous-puberulous; leaf blades 5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 8 em. wide, serrulate except at the cuneate base; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long; heads about 2 em. wide, several or many. 5. Zaluzania montagnaefolia Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861. Ferdinanda montagnaefolia Schultz Bip. Allg. Gartenz. 1858: 179. 1858, nomen nudum. Zaluzania asperrima Schultz Bip. Flora 47; 218, 1864. Zaluzania asperrima montagnaefolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 532. 1899. Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from between Veracruz and Orizaba. Shrub; stem puberulous; leaf blades 2 to 6 cm. long, acuminate to obtuse, coarsely crenate-dentate or the upper entire, rough above, griseous-pilosulous or puberulous beneath; heads numerous, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide. 6. Zaluzania coulteri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 159. pl. 46. 1881. Hidalgo; type from Real del Monte. Suffrutescent at base (?), simple below the inflorescence; leaf blades 6 to 12.5 em. long, thin, serrulate, green above, pale and pilosulous beneath; heads about 1.8 cm. wide. 7. Zaluzania pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 101. 1903. Known only from the type locality, near Jojutla, Morelos. Shrub; branches puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, subentire to crenate-dentate, puberulent beneath, on petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long; heads 6 to 7 mm. high. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ZALUZANIA CINERASCENS Schultz Bip. Flora 47: 219. 1864. This species, based on Ehrenberg 346, from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo, is insufficiently known. It is probably not a member of the genus. 56. BORRICHIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 130. 1763. 1. Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836. Buphthalmium frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 903. 17538. Diomedea bidentata Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 18: 283. 1819. Borrichia frutescens angustifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836. Trimetra ficoidea Moc.; DC. Prodr. 7: 262. 1838. Tamaulipas to San Luis Potosf and ‘Veracruz.’ Virginia to Texas; Bermuda; type from “Jamaica, Virginia.” Shrubby, about 1 meter high, the stems canescent-strigillose or glabrate; leaves opposite, oblanceolate or obovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, entire or toothed, densely canescent-strigillose, mucronate; heads solitary at tips of branches, yellow, radiate, about 2.5 cm. wide; phyllaries spinescent-pointed; pales with stiff spiny tips; rays and disk fertile; achenes quadrangular; pappus a 4-toothed crown. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1539 57. WEDELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 8. 1760. 1. Wedelia acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 215. 1820. Sinaloa to Guerrero and Oaxaca, and perhaps farther southward; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Suffrutescent, hispidulous and spreading-hirsute; leaves opposite, short- petioled, ovate, 3.5 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to 4.8 cm. wide, serrate, harsh-pubescent; heads solitary or few at tips of stem and branches, long-peduncled, radiate, yellow, 1.5 to 2.2 em. wide; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous above, or the outermost so throughout; rays fertile; achenes obovoid, thickened, sometimes thin-margined but not truly winged; pappus a crown of connate fimbriate squa- mellae and usually 2 awns. 58. WYETHIA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. pl. 5. 1834. 1. Wyethia mexicana 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 154. 1890. Known only from the type locality, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Suffrutescent, 1 to 1.6 meters high, spreading-hirsute; leaves alternate, the blades lance-ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, crenate-dentate, green above, cinereous- subtomentose beneath; heads few, yellow, 3 to 5.5 em. wide; involucre several- seriate, graduate, the phyllaries lanceolate, pubescent and densely ciliate, squar- rose; rays fertile; achenes subquadrangular, several-ribbed; pappus of 2 short unequal paleaceous awns, connected by a crown of very short connate squamellae. 59. ASPILIA Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 12. 1806. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite; heads radiate, rarely discoid, yellow, rarely white or purple, the rays neutral; involucre few-scriate, the phyllaries herbaceous at least at apex; achenes obovoid, plump, wingless; pappus a cup composed of united squamellae, sometimes with awns added. Leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate. Plants tall; heads several or numerous. Leaves densely hispid-pilose beneath--------------------- 1. A. angusta. Leaves rather sparsely strigillose or strigose beneath.__2. A. stenophylla. Plants low; heads solitary _.__....---------------------------- 3. A. rosei. Leaves elliptic or oblong to ovate. Rays yellow. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate; plant 30 cm. high or less_----------- 3. A. rosei. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate; plant much taller__---------- 4. A. strigosa. Rays purple or none. Pays PULP Osc pe eee eee eee ees 5. A. purpurea. Rays none___.._------------------------------------- 6. A. aggregata. 1. Aspilia angusta Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 619. 1924. Aspilia angustifolia A. Gray in 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 425. 1887. Not A. angustifolia Oliver & Hiern, 1877. Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco. Suffrutescent (?), about 1.5 meters high, densely tuberculate-strigillose or ascending-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, very harsh above, obscurely serrulate; heads numerous, loosely panicled, about 2 cm. wide; phyllaries indurate to middle or above. 2. Aspilia stenophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 102. 1903. Sierra Madre of Chihuahua; type from Seven Star Mine. Suffrutescent (?), about 70 cm. high, finely strigillose; leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate or linear, 3.5 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 mm. wide; heads 1.5 to 1.8 cm. wide; outer phyllaries caudate-acuminate. 1540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 3. Aspilia rosei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 39. 1904. Tepic and Durango; type collected between Santa Gertrudis and Santa Teresa, Sierra Madre of Tepic. Suffrutescent, about 30 em. high, hispidulous and hispid-hirsute; leaves short- petioled, linear to elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, revolute- margined, subentire; heads solitary at tips of stems and branches, about 2 em. wide; involucre subequal. 4. Aspilia strigosa (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 171. 1881. Wedelia strigosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1840-41. Guerrero and “ Veracruz;’’ type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Suffrutescent (?), probably about 1 meter high, hispidulous and sparsely hispid; leaf blades 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 1.7 to 2.3 em. wide, acuminate, harsh above, rather softly pubescent beneath; heads 1 to 3 at tips of stem and branches, about 1.8 cm. wide. 5. Aspilia purpurea Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 39. 1904. Aspilia scabrida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 420, 1924, Chiapas; type from Valley of Jiquipilas. Suffrutescent, about 40 em. high, strigose, spreading-hispid toward base; leaves oval to elliptic, 2.2 to 5 em. long, 0.8 to 2 cm. wide, acute, short-petioled or subsessile, serrate or serrulate; heads solitary, long-peduncled, about 3 em. wide; flowers all purple. 8. Aspilia aggregata Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 102. 1903. Known only from the type locality, between Bolafios and Guadalajara, Jalisco. Suffrutescent (?), about 0.5 meter high; stem and branches slender, tubercu- late-strigose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, acute, serrulate, sparsely tuberculate-hispid on both sides; heads small, discoid, about 9 mm. high, in close clusters of about 2 to 5 apex of long naked peduncles; phyllaries acuminate, purplish, densely brownish-ciliolate or -ciliate, on back somewhat strigose and strigillose. . 60. TITHONIA Desf.; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1259, 1791. REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Tithonia, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 423-436. 1921. Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, or opposite below; heads radiate, yellow, large, borne on fistulose peduncles; involucre (in the following species) 4-seriate, strongly graduate, the phyllaries broad; rays neutral; achenes plump; pappus of free or connate squamellae, with or without awns, or entirely wanting. Pappus present. Leaves unlobed; stem densely and canescently pilose-tomentose. 1. T. fruticosa. Leaves usually 3 or 5-lobed; stem not canescently pilose-tomentose. 2. T. diversifolia. Pappus wanting._____________________-_ 3. T. scaberrima. 1. Tithonia fruticosa Canby & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 104. pl. 8. 1891. Sonora and Sinaloa to Chihuahua and Durango; type from Alamos, Sonora. Stout shrub, 3 or 4 meters high; leaf blades ovate or lanceolate, 6.5 to 30 cm. long, 2.2 to 14 cm. wide, rather softly and densely canescent-pilose; heads 7 to 9.5 cm. wide; pappus a paleaceous crown, the awns obsolete or represented by short teeth. > 2. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883. Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168. pl. 47. 1881. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1541 Veracruz to Oaxaca and Yucatdn; type from Valley of Orizaba, Veracruz. Guatemala to Costa Rica; established in Ceylon and India. Stout perennial herb, or perhaps shrubby, 3 to 9 meters high; stem hispid- pilose to sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrate; leaf blades ovate or deltoid-ovate, 7 to 20cm. long, green above, paler or subcanescent beneath; heads 6 to 14 cm. wide; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. ‘‘Jalacate,” ‘“guasmara,”’ ‘‘mirasol’’ (El Salvador). 2a. Tithonia diversifolia glabriuscula Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 435. 1921. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Tuxtepec, Oaxaca. Stem essentially glabrous; leaves very sparsely pubescent beneath. 3. Tithonia scaberrima Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 91. 1852. Tithonia platylepis Schultz Bip.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pi. 2: 368. 1873, as synonym. Mirasolia scaberrima Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168. 1881. Gymnolomia platylepis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883. Gymnolomia decurrens Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1889. Perimeniopsis perfoliata Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 90. 1889, as synonym. Tithonia glaberrima Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 371. 1891. Gymnolomia scaberrima Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 268. 1907. Veracruz to Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from vicinity of Chinotega, Segovia, Nicaragua. Herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1.3 to 5 meters high; stem densely spreading- pilose or hispid-pilose, or sometimes incurved-hispid; leaf blades ovate or lance- ovate, 8.5 to 17 em. long, 2.5 to 9.8 cm. wide, acuminate, scabrous above, pale or canescent beneath with dense spreading hairs; heads 5 to 7 em. wide; phyl- laries broadly rounded; pappus none. “Pulagaste,” ‘“‘mirasol” (El Salvador). In El Salvador the leaves are used in baths for fevers and colds. 61. VIGUIERA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 224. pl. 379. 1820. REFERENCE: Blake, A revision of the genus Viguiera, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 1-205. pl. 1-3. 1918. Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite, at least below; heads small to large, yellow (in our species), radiate; involucre 2 to 7-seriate, graduate or subequal, the phyllaries usually with indurate base and herbaceous tip; rays neutral; achenes thickened; pappus persistent, of 2 awns and several free or united squamellae, or wanting. Leaves pinnatilobate. Leaf lobes attenuate______----------------------------- 19. V. stenoloba. Leaf lobes blunt (the terminal one sometimes acute). Leaves densely and softly tomentose beneath------- 17. V. zaluzanioides. Leaves not densely tomentose beneath. Leaves several-lobed, subcanescent beneath _-_-_-- 14. V. pinnatilobata. Leaves hastately 3-lobed, scarcely subcanescent beneath. 18. V. tripartita. Leaves entire to laciniate. Leaves small (the blades 0.7 to 2.5 em. long), canescent at least beneath; heads solitary. Pappus none; achene glabrous__---..-------------------- 22. V. greggii. 1542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pappus present; achene pubescent. Leaf blades ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or sometimes obtuse. 20. V. brevifolia. Leaf blades rotund or roundish-ovate, obtuse to rounded or retuse. 21. V. bicolor. Leaves larger, usually not canescent, or if small, then heads 2 to 4. Leaves laciniate or deeply jagged-serrate. Plant resinous; stem pubescent throughout_____._-_ = _ 10. V. laciniata. Plant not resinous; stem glabrous below.___....______ 11. V. subincisa. Leaves entire or merely serrate. Plant densely pannose-tomentose___.______.____________ 15. V. lanata. Plant not pannose-tomentose. Leaf blades narrowly oblong to broadly linear, densely canescent- hispidulous beneath_._____ 8 1. V. angustifolia. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, usually not canescent-hispidulous beneath. Leaf blades 8 to 12 mm, long________________. 14. V. microphylla. Leaf blades larger. Leaves densely silky or pilose-tomentose beneath. Pappus none; achenes glabrous_____________ 7. V. bombycina. Pappus present; achenes pubescent. Leaves densely silky-canescent beneath. 6. V. grammatoglossa. Leaves densely pilose-tomentose beneath. 12. V. tomentosa. Leaves not densely silky or pilose-tomentose beneath. Pales tipped with stiff abrupt spreading mucros. 2. V. sphaerocephala. Pales without stiff spreading mucros. Heads at first subeylindrie, very numerous; involucre 2-seriate, 5 to 6 mm. high______-___-_ 6 5. V. quinqueradiata. Heads not subcylindrie, usually few. Involuere 4 to 5-seriate, of linear-lanceolate to lanceolate phyllaries with thickened midrib. Leaves ovate to oval_..----___-____ 8. V. pringlei. Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong.____ 9. V. seemannii. Involucre 2 to 4-seriate, of oblong or lance-ovate phyllaries without strongly thickened midrib. Phyllaries with ovate indurate base and lance-oblong herbaceous apex, canescently strigillose and often strigose or hispid______ beoeeeee ee. 13. V. deltoidea. Phyllaries oblong, with conspicuous pale margins, on back glabrous, pilosulous, or pilose. Phyllaries and petioles sparsely ciliate. 3. V. maculata. Phyllaries and petioles strongly ciliate. 4. V. eriophora. 1. Viguiera angustifolia (Hook. «& Arn.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 518. 1916. Tithonia angustifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1841, Viguiera blepharolepis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883. Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic. Suffrutescent (?); stem slender, densely strigose or strigillose, subglabrate; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades 3 to 9.5 em. long, 4 to 13 mm. wide; heads solitary, 3 to 5 em. wide; involucre 11 to 19 mm. high, 4 to 5-seriate, the phyllaries oval to oblong, canescently strigillose and ciliate. TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1543 STANDLEY 2. Viguiera sphaerocephala (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179. 1881. Leighia sphaerocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 582. 1836. Encelia squarrosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 112. 1903. Viguiera squarrosa Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 376. 1913. Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub 5 to 7 meters high; branches sordid-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 9 to 10 em. long, erenate-dentate, pilosulous beneath; heads cymose-panicled, 5 em. wide; phyllaries oblong, ciliolate and puberulous, the spreading herbaceous tips as long as the indurate body. 3. Viguiera maculata (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374. 1913. Encelia maculata T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 259. 1908. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Shrub; branches appressed-pubescent; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, harshly lepidote-strigillose above, hispidulous beneath; heads 2.7 to 3.5 em. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 8; involucre 6 to 7mm. high, the phyllaries with abrupt triangular herbaceous tips. 4. Viguiera eriophora Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 104. 1903. Oaxaca. Shrub; branches canescent-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 7 to 13.5 cm. long, serrate, tuberculate-hispidulous above, hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; heads 2.5 to 5 em. wide, numerous in trichotomous panicles; involucre 8 to 10 mm. high. 5. Viguiera quinqueradiata (Cav.) A. Gray in 5. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 426. 1887. Helianthus quinque-radiatus Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 36. pl. 272. 1795. Leighia ? leptocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 582. 1836. Jalisco; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub, 3 to 7 meters high; branchlets puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 15 cm. long, serrulate or serrate, scabrous above, loosely hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; heads about 2 em. wide, the disk at first 1 em. high, 3.5 to 5 mm. thick. ‘‘ Vara blanea”’ (Duges). 6. Viguiera grammatoglossa DC. Prodr. 5: 580. 1836. Encelia hypargyrea Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 155. 1895. Not V. hypargyrea Greenm. 1903. Viguiera argyrophylla Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374. 1913. Michoacan, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Tlapujahua, Michoacan. Shrubby (?), 1.6 to 5 meters high; stem densely hispid-pilose; leaf blades 4.4 to 8 em. long, greenish above, densely appressed-silky beneath; heads in cymose panicles of 2 to 8, 2.8 to 5 em. wide; involucre 8 to 10.5 mm. high, hispid-pilose or subsericeous. 7. Viguiera bombycina Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 71. 1918. Gymnolomia sericea Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887. Not Vigutiera sericea A. Gray, 1883. Puebla; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby; stem subsericeous-pilose, subglabrate; leaf blades 2.5 to 5.3 cm. long, entire, dull green or canescent above, densely silky-pilose with appressed hairs beneath; heads 1 to 3, 4.5 em. wide; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, silky-pilose. 8. Viguiera pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 387. 1894. Tepic and Jalisco; type from Zapotlan, Jalisco. Shrub up to 3.3 meters high; stem tuberculate-hispid; leaf blades 4 to 7.3 cm. long, subsessile, green and harshly lepidote-tuberculate on both sides, strongly 1544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM reticulate beneath; heads 2.5 cm. wide, in contracted cymes or cymose panicles of 3 to 15; phyllaries densely granular-tuberculate, hispidulous-ciliolate. 9. Viguiera seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 305. 1856. Oyedaea seemanni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 10. 1883. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Frutescent; stem densely tuberculate-setulose and hispidulous; leaf blades 4 to 10 cm. long, harshly tuberculate-setulose above, hispid-pilosulous beneath and reticulate; heads 1.7 em. wide, subsessile in cymes of 3 to 5; phyllaries tuber- culate and hispidulous. 10. Viguiera laciniata A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 89. 1859. Northern Baja California. California; type from Rancho Gamacha, east of San Diego. Frutescent, up to 1.3 meters high; leaves alternate, the blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, lacinately repand-lobate, green and tuberculate- hispid on both sides; heads 1.7 to 2.7 em. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 13; involucre 6 mm. high, hispidulous. 11. Viguiera subincisa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 27. 1844. Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Suffrutescent (?) or herbaceous, about 60 em. high; leaves opposite below, alternate above, the blades ovate, 4.8 to 6.3 cm. long, incisely jagged-serrate with 5 to 10 pairs of triangular teeth; heads 1.4 to 3.5 em. wide, 12 to 26 in a narrow long-peduncled panicle; involucre 3.5 mm. high, strigillose. 12. Viguiera tomentosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 161. 1861. Cape region of Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas. Shrubby, 3 to 4 meters high; stem pilosulous; leaf blades ovate or triangular- ovate, 4 to 10 em. long, canescent or greenish-canescent above; heads 3.3 to 4 em. wide, 3 to 16 in terminal panicles; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high, densely pilose-tomentose. 13. Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 161. 1861. Baja California; type from Cape San Lueas. Shrub, 3 meters high; stem strigillose or hispid; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, usually dentate, harshly or rather softly pubescent beneath; heads several, usually about 3.5 em. wide. 13a. Viguiera deltoidea townsendii Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 13: 148. 1890. Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island. Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5.7 em. long, obtuse or rounded, entire, scabrously tuberculate-strigillose above, beneath rather softly pilose or sometimes hispidulous-strigillose; heads 1.7 to 3.8 em. wide. 13b. Viguiera deltoidea tastensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 161. 1903. Known only from the type locality, Sierra El Taste, Baja California. Leaf blades 6 to 10 em. long, very harsh above, beneath rather softly and densely hispidulous-pilosulous, crenate-dentate; heads 4.5 to 5 em. wide. 13c. Viguiera deltoidea parishii (Greene) Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 72. 1890. Viguiera parishii Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 15. 1882. Sonora and northern Baja California. Nevada to California and Arizona; type from San Luis Rey, California. Stem harshly tuberculate-hispidulous; leaf blades rather small, deltoid, strongly toothed and reticulate, harshly pubescent; heads mostly solitary and long- pedunceled. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1545 13d. Viguiera deltoidea chenopodina (Greene) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 91. 1918. Viguiera chenopodina Greene, Leaflets 2: 154. 1911. Baja California; type collected between Santo Domingo and Matancita. Leaf blades small, deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, entire, obtuse or rounded, canescent-strigillose beneath or on both sides. 14. Viguiera microphylla Vasey & Rose, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1890. Northern Baja California; type collected 64 km. inland from Lagoon Head. Shrubby, about 60 cm. high; branches canescent-strigillose; leaf blades ovate, 8 to 12 mm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, entire, canescent-strigillose; heads 2 to 4, long-peduncled, 1.5 cm. wide; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, canescent-strigillose. 15. Viguiera lanata (Kellogg) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882. Bahiopsis lanata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 35. 1863. Cedros Island, Baja California. Frutescent at base, 35 to 55 cm. high, densely pannose-tomentose; leaves chiefly basal, the blades oval or roundish-ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long; heads few, 4.5 to 6 cm. wide. 16. Viguiera pinnatilobata (Schultz Bip.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 95. 1918. Zaluzania pinnatilobata Schultz Bip. Flora 47: 219. 1864. Gymnolomia pinnatilobata Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: — 163. 1881. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacdan, Puebla. Shrubby, 1 meter high; stem puberulous; leaves chiefly alternate, the blades ovate or deltoid-ovate in outline, 2 to 4 cm. long, deeply pinnatilobate, the lobes 1 to 3 pairs, short, entire or slightly toothed or lobed; heads in cymose panicles of 3 or more, 3.5 em. wide; involucre sparsely strigose and strigillose; achenes glabrous, epappose. 17. Viguiera zaluzanioides Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 96. 1918. Known only from the type locality, San Antonio, Oaxaca. Shrubby; stem and branches canescently pilosulous-tomentose, subglabrate; leaf blades ovate or triangular-ovate in outline, 2 to 4.5 em. long, pinnately 5 to 7-lobed, canescent-tomentose beneath; heads about 1.4 cm. wide; involucre rather densely pilose; achenes glabrous, epappose. 18. Viguiera tripartita (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer, Acad. 49: 97. 1918. Gymnolomia tripartita Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 154. 1895. Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlan. Herbaceous (?); stem nearly glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate or lance-ovate in outline, 4 to 6 em. long, deeply 3-lobed, with short, blunt, entire or slightly lobed divisions, barely subcanescent beneath; heads 2 cm. wide; involucre sparsely strigose; achenes glabrous, epappose. ; 19. Viguiera stenoloba Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 97. 1918. Heliomeris tenuifolia A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 84. 1849. Not V. tenuifolia Gardn. 1848. Gymnolomia tenuifolia Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 163. 1881. Chihuahua to Tamaulipas; type from Coahuila. Texas. Much-branghed shrub 1 meter high; stem glabrous or strigillose; leaf blades ovate in outline, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, divided nearly to midrib into 3 to 7 linear or linear-lanceolate lobes 1 to 5 mm. wide, canescent-strigillose beneath; heads solitary, 1.8 to 3 em. wide; achenes glabrous, epappose. 1546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 20. Viguiera brevifolia Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 103. 1903. Coahuila and Durango; type from Mapim{, Durango. Much-branched shrub 1 meter high; stem strigillose; leaf blades 1 to 2.1 em. long, above greenish or canescent, beneath canescent-strigillose; heads 1.4 em. wide; achenes sparsely pubescent near apex; pappus squamellae equaling the awns. 21. Viguiera bicolor Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 519. 1916. Known only from the type locality, between Rio Grande and Jamaltepec, Hidalgo (?). Shrub; branches canescent-strigillose; leaf blades 1.2 to 1.8 em. long, greenish above, canescent-strigillose beneath; heads 1.8 em. wide; achenes subsericeous; pappus squamellae shorter than the awns. 22. Viguiera greggii (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 100. 1918. Gymnolomia greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879. Coahuila. Much-branched undershrub 30 to 40 em. high, finely canescent; leaf blades broadly ovate or oval, 7 to 25 mm. long, rounded to obtuse, greenish above, canescent-strigillose beneath; heads 1.8 to 4 em. wide; achenes glabrous, epap- pose. 62. ALVORDIA T. 38. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 174. 1889. Frutescent; leaves opposite, or alternate above, subentire; heads 1 to 5-flow- ered, radiate or discoid, in small terminal glomerules; involucre compressed, strongly graduate, the phyllaries indurate; rays neutral; achenes thickened; pappus of about 10 to 20 unequal paleaceous awns. The following treatment contains all the known species of this genus. Phyllaries densely strigillose dorsally; rays 1 or 2.__________. 1. A. glomerata. Phyllaries ciliolate, essentially glabrous dorsally; rays none. Leaves ovate, 1.3 to 3. em. wide... _____-... 2. A. fruticosa. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm. wide.......________ 3. A. angusta. 1. Alvordia glomerata T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 174. 1889. Baja California; type from mesas about Purfsima and Comondt. Shrubby, strigillose, about 1.3 meters high; leaf blades ovate or oval, 2 to 5 em. long, triplinerved, petiolate; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; rays 1 or 2; disk flowers 2 or 3. 2. Alvordia fruticosa T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 5. 1899. Baja California; type from San José del Cabo. Similar; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high; heads 2 or 3-flowered. 3. Alvordia angusta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 42. 1917. Baja California; type from Todos Santos. Similar to A. fruticosa; leaves much narrower; heads 1 or 2-flowered. 63. HELIANTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 904. 1753. Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads small to large, the rays yellow, the disk yellow, brown, or purple; involucre 2 to several-seriate, the phyllaries usually herbaceous at least at tip; rays neutral; achenes thickened; pappus deciduous, of 2 paleaceous awns and sometimes several intermediate squamellae. , The English name ‘sunflower’ is applied commonly to the herbaceous species of the genus, while the usual Spanish names are “mirasol”’ and “ gérasol.”’ Leaves alternate, the blades 4.5 em. long or less_---0- 1. H. niveus. Leaves opposite, the blades up to 12 em. long___.____ Lee 2. H. similis, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1547 1. Helianthus niveus (Benth.) T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 173. 1889. Encelia nivea Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 27. 1844. Helianthus tephrodes A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 90. 1859. Viguiera nivea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 658. 1873. Viguiera tephrodes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882. Gymnolomia encelioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 4. 1883. Helianthus dealbatus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 280. 1884. Viguiera sonorae Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 20. pl. 16. 1912. Sonora and Baja California; type from San Quintin, Baja California. Cali- fornia. Suffrutescent (sometimes annual?), decumbent at base, 30 to 60 cm. high, canes- cent-strigillose; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate to oblong, obtuse to acuminate, cuneate to subcordate at base, slender-petioled, entire to serrulate, sometimes greenish above; heads several, long-peduncled, about 2.5 em. wide; disk purple; pappus of several unequal deciduous awns and squamellae. 2. Helianthus similis (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 54: 189. 1918. Viguiera similis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 260. 1908. Cape Region of Baja California. Suffruticose, thinly tomentose, 1 meter high; leaf blades cordate, long-acu- minate, sharply serrate; pappus of 2 awns and usually a few squamellae. (Descrip- tion compiled.) 64. PERYMENIUM Schrad. ‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1830; Linnaea 6: Litt.-Ber. 73. 1831. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 521-529. 1899. Shrubs or herbs, usually strigillose or strigose; leaves opposite, usually ovate, serrate, and petioled; heads radiate, yellow or the rays rarely white, solitary, cymose, or panicled; involucre 2 to 4-seriate, the phyllaries usually indurate below and with short herbaceous tips; receptacle paleaceous; rays pistillate; achenes somewhat compressed, wingless or rarely winged; pappus of several to many unequal or subequal setiform deciduous awns. Leaves green above, densely and canescently or subcanescently tomentose, hispidulous, or strigillose beneath. Leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 4 mm. wide__----------- 28. P. stenophyllum. Leaves lanceolate to ovate. Heads larger, the disk in anthesis usually 1 cm. wide or more. 38. P. nelsonii. Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis much less than 1 em. wide. Leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, more than 3 times as long as wide. Phyllaries acute or acuminate; leaves densely hispidulous with spread- ing hairs beneath, narrowed to an obtuse or obtusish tip. 29. P. angustifolium. Phyllaries obtuse or rounded; leaves densely strigillose or hispidulous with subappressed hairs beneath, acuminate to a very acute tip. Leaves turning blackish in drying; pedicels usually elongate. 27. P. pellitum. Leaves not blackening in drying; pedicels usually short. ; Leaves serrate or serrulate, not rugose above..25. P. croceura. Leaves subentire, strongly impressed-veined and rugose above. 26. P. discolor. 1548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves ovate, less than 3 times as long as wide. Phyllaries distinctly acute or acuminate. Phyllaries and under surface of leaves pilose-tomentose or villous. Leaves cordate at base, scabrous above_____ 12. P. asperifolium. Leaves cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, scarcely scabrous above. 30. P. lasiolepis. Phyllaries strigillose; leaves subcanescently strigose and strigillose or hispidulous beneath. Leaves slightly reticulate, strigose and strigillose or antrorse- hispidulous beneath.__._____________- 31. P. blepharolepis. Leaves densely reticulate and hispidulous with more or less spread- ing hairs beneath..---_-_______________ 32. P. hypoleucum. Phyllaries obtuse or rounded, or sometimes acuminately narrowed to an obtuse apex. Involucre 4 to 6.5 mm. high. Involucre 4 to 4.5 mm. high, 4.5 to 5 mm. thick. 32. P. hypoleucum. Involucre 5.5 to 6.5 mm. high, 5 to 7 mm. thick. 33. P. consobrinum., Involucre 7 to 8 mm. high. Pubescence of the lower leaf surface ochroleucous..34. P. collinum. Pubescence of the lower leaf surface bluish white__35. P. ovatum, Leaves green beneath as well as above. Heads large, the disk in anthesis 8 to 12 mm. thick. Petioles 3 mm. long or less. Phyllaries with herbaceous tips.________________5. P. subsquarrosum. Phyllaries without herbaceous tips._____________- 36. P. acuminatum. Petioles of the larger leaves 1 cm. long or more. Middle and inner phyllaries 5 mm. wide or more, broadly rounded. 39. P. latisgquamum. Middle and inner phyllaries less than 5 mm. wide. Leaves hispidulous chiefly along the veins beneath; some of the phyl- laries usually acute or acuminate_______ 37. P. macrocephalum, Leaves rather densely pilosulous to subtomentose beneath ; phyllaries all obtuse or rounded at apex_____ pee eee oes 38. P. nelsonii. Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis 7 mm. thick or less. Leaves, branchlets, and involucres densely glandular__13. P. glandulosum. Leaves, branchlets, and involucres not densely glandular, the involucre sometimes with a few glands. Heads solitary and long-peduncled, or several and cymose at the tip of an elongate, essentially naked peduncle. Heads solitary, rarely 2 or 3, long-peduncled_.1. P. buphthalmoides. Heads several, cymose at the tips of elongate, essentially naked pe- duneles. Leaves (at least the middle and upper) entire, strongly conduplicate. 2. P. jaliscense. Leaves distinctly serrate or serrulate. Leaves conduplicate; phyllaries essentially without herbaceous 1) | a ne a ee 4. P. chihuahuense. Leaves plane, rarely somewhat conduplicate; phyllaries with distinctly herbaceous tips. Stem leaves smaller, elliptic to lanceolate, 1.8 em. wide or less. 3. P. parvifolium. Stem leaves larger, ovate, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide. 5. P. subsquarrosum. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1549 Heads cymose or cymose-panicled at tips of stem and branches, rarely solitary and very short-peduncled. Leaves linear or linear-elliptic, 1.2 to 2.4 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide 16. P. microphyllum. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, much larger. Phyllaries (at least the inner) acute or acuminate. Leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, cuneate at base. Leaves very scabrous on both sides_-_---- 23. P. chalarolepis. Leaves smooth or nearly so above, slightly scabrous beneath. 24. P. ghiesbreghtii. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate. Heads few, 3 to 5 at apex of branches, long-pediceled. 7. P. cornutum., Heads usually numerous, cymose or cymose-panicled. Involucre 2.5 to 3 mm. high____---------- 10. P. globosum. Involucre 4 mm. high or more. Phyllaries coarsely villous; leaves villous beneath. 12. P. asperifolium. Phyllaries not villous; leaves harshly pubescent beneath. Leaves acutely cuneate at base, usually oblong-ovate or lance-ovate_____._--------------- 15. P. purpusii. Leaves cuneate-rounded to truncate at base, mostly ovate. Phyllaries mostly acuminate__-.11. P. verbesinoides. Phyllaries acutish. Involucre bearing a few shining glands. 17. P. goldmanii. Involucre without shining glands. Leaves less than 5 cm. long. Rays much longer than the disk.___- 8. P. rude. Rays equaling the disk__---- 18. P. pinetorum. Leaves 6 to 11 em. long_---------- 9. P. pringlei. Phyllaries obtuse or rounded. Leaves distinctly lanceolate. Stem simple; leaves strigillose beneath. 19. P. rotundisquamum. Stem branched; leaves antrorse-hispidulous or spreading-hispidu- lous beneath___.._.----------------- 20. P. lancifolium. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate. Heads very small, the involucre in anthesis 3 mm. thick. Leaves 3 cm. long or less; pedicels 7 to 16 mm. long. 21. P. microcephalum. Leaves up to 10 em. long; pedicels 1.2 to 2.5 cm. long. 22. P. gracile. Heads larger, the disk in anthesis 4 mm. thick or more. Phyllaries bearing a few shining glands____17. P. goldmanii. Phyllaries without glands. Petioles 1 cm. long or more. Leaves usually rounded at base, ovate_...9. P. pringlei. Leaves acutely cuneate at base, usually oblong-ovate or lance-ovate_______._------------- 15. P. purpusii. Petioles much less than 1 cm. long. Leaves reflexed, conduplicate, with crisped margins. 4, P. chihuahuense. Leaves not reflexed, plane. Leaves cordate-ovate, small, 1.5 to 3 cm. long. 6. P. subcordatum. 1550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves rarely cordate, mostly larger. Heads few, borne on long pedicels in the upper axils or in a long-peduncled umbellate cyme; phylla- ries with subsquarrose thick-herbaceous tips. 5. P. subsquarrosum. Heads usually numerous and panicled; phyllaries with usually appressed tips. Heads usually loosely panicled or cymose, much exceeding the leaves; involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, not strongly graduate________ 8. P. rude. Heads usually closely cymose-panicled at apex of branches, scarcely or not surpassing the leaves; involucre about 4-seriate, strongly graduate, 5 to 8 mm. high________ 14. P. berlandierii. 1. Perymenium buphthalmoides DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. San Luis Potosf{ to Jalisco, Michoacan, and Puebla; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent, usually 30 cm. high or less, many-stemmed, usually ascending, strigose or strigillose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic to oblong, sharply serrate, 1 to 7.5 cm. long; heads about 3 cm. wide, long-peduncled, usually solitary; phyllaries 2-seriate, subequal, acute or acuminate. 2. Perymenium jaliscense Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 154. 1895. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco. Suffrutescent or “herbaceous,’”’ about 45 em. high, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, the blades elliptic to oblong, 3 to 5.5 em. long, mostly reflexed, conduplicate, entire; heads few, cymose at apex of usually elongate peduncles; involucre about 5 mm. high. 3. Perymenium parvifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879. Chihuahua to Querétaro; type from city of San Luis Potosi. Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, much-branched, strigose and strigillose; stem leaves lanceolate, rarely ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, 1.8 cm. wide or less, serrate; those of the branches usually very small, linear or elliptic and obtuse; heads 2.5 cm. wide or usually less; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or sometimes acutish. 4. Perymenium chihuahuense Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 625. 1924. Known only from the type locality, near city of Chihuahua. Shrub, strigose and strigillose, with long erect simple branches; leaves short- petioled, lance-ovate, 2 to 3 em. long, 7 to 10 mm. wide, reflexed, conduplicate, plicate-crisped on margin; heads small, in terminal clusters of 3 to 5; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or the outer acutish, densely cinereous- strigillose and ciliate, practically without herbaceous tips. 5. Perymenium subsquarrosum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 524. 1899. Zacatecas and Puebla; type from Plateado, Zacatecas. Shrubby, up to 2.6 meters high, strigillose and strigose; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate, acute or acuminate, subcordate to rounded at base, the larger 3 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, very rough on both sides; heads long-peduncled from the upper axils, or in a pedunculate cyme; involucre 5 to 7 cm. high, the phyllaries ovate, with obtuse, subsquarrose, herbaceous tips. 6. Perymenium subcordatum Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 622. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Tlapancingo, Oaxaca. Shrub with flexuous branches, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 9 to 17 mm. wide, acute, slightly cordate to broadly STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1551 rounded at base, serrulate, roughish on both sides; heads 3 or 4 toward tips of branches, axillary and terminal, long-peduncled; involucre about 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or rounded, with obscurely herbaceous tips. 7. Perymenium cornutum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 192. 1911. San Luis Potosi; type from Agua Media. Suffrutescent or “herbaceous,” 35 cm. high and more, hispidulous-strigillose and somewhat glandular; petioles 4 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 5.5 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, serrate or serrulate; peduncles 2.5 to 9 cm. long; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, the inner or all acute or acutish. 8. Perymenium rude Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 526. 1899. Puebla, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Las Sedas, Oaxaca. Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 2.3 em. wide, acute, rounded-cuneate to subtruneate at base, serrate, green and rough above, beneath paler green and rather densely hispidulous with chiefly antrorse hairs; heads about 1.8 cm. wide, few, cymose, and rather long-peduncled, or more numerous and cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly obtuse. 9. Perymenium pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 526. 1899. Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Shrubby; stem strigose or strigillose; petioles 5 to 20 mm. long; blades ovate, 6 to 11 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, coarsely serrate to subentire, harsh on both sides, beneath venose, hispid, and hispidulous; heads cymose-panicled; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or subacute. ‘‘Guisandira”’ (Sinaloa). 10. Perymenium globosum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 40. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Uruapan, Michoacan. Shrubby, 2 meters high; stem strigillose; petioles 8 to 15 mm. long; blades ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 ecm. wide, acuminate, rounded or shortly cuneate at base, closely serrate, roughish on both sides, prominulous-reticulate beneath and there hispidulous and gland-dotted; heads numerous; involucre short, 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, acute or acuminate. 11. Perymenium verbesinoides DC. Prodr. 5: 608. 1836. Hidalgo to Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, up to 2.6 meters high; stem strigose and strigillose; petioles 2 to 13 mm. long; blades ovate, 2.5 to 8.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, truncate to subecuneate at base, serrate, rough above, antrorse- or divergent-hispidulous beneath; heads usually in small close cymose panicles; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, acute or usually acuminate. 12. Perymenium asperifolium Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887. Known only from the type locality, Ejutla, Oaxaca. Leaves short-petioled, 3.7 cm. long, 1.8 cm. wide, cordate, scabrous above, villous beneath; heads cymose; phyllaries 2-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, densely villous. (Description compiled.) 13. Perymenium glandulosum T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 261. 1908. Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tlacuilosto, Puebla. Small shrub; younger branches, leaves, and involucre very glandular and more or less hispid or strigose; leaves short-petioled, lanceolate or lance-elliptic, cuneate at base, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 11 mm. wide, scabrous-pubescent; heads several, closely cymose, short-pedicelled; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the inner phyllaries long-acuminate, spreading at apex. 57020—26——-16 1552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 14, Perymenium berlandierii DC. Prodr. 5: 608. 1836. Perymenium mendezii cylindrocephalum Robins. & Greenm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 34: 528. 1899. Hidalgo to Morelos and Puebla; Chiapas; type from Villalpando. Shrub, up to 4 meters high, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, lance- ovate or ovate, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate to rounded at base, rather thick, serrate or serrulate; heads usually in close terminal cymes, often surpassed by the leaves; involucre 3 or 4-seriate, 5 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries mostly oval or oblong, obtuse or rounded. 15. Perymenium purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 74. 1914. Perymenium leptopodum Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 523. 1916. Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquerén. Guatemala. Shrubby, 2 meters high, rather sparsely strigose and strigillose; petioles usually 1 to 1.6 cm. long; blades mostly oblong-ovate or lance-ovate, 4.6 to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate or rarely rounded at base, serrate; heads usually rather numerous, cymose, on pedicels 0.5 to 3.2 em. long; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse to acute. 16. Perymenium microphyllum Robins. & Greenm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 34: 527. 1899. Durango, without definite locality. Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, linear or linear-elliptic, 1.2 to 2.4 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, acute, entire, revolute-margined, scabrous; heads scattered, axillary and terminal, small, the pedicels 7 mm. long; involucre 7mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or lanceolate, the tips herbaceous, loose, obtuse to acute. 17. Perymenium goldmanii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 269. 1907. Known only from the type locality, Apazote, near Yohalttin, Campeche. Shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 3 to 12 mm. long; blades ovate or lance- ovate, 4.5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, broadly rounded to sub- cordate at base, crenate-serrate to subentire, rough above, hirsute and _ hir- sutulous beneath and dotted with shining glands; heads small, few or numerous in close cymose clusters; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries acute to obtusish, somewhat dotted with shining glands. 18. Perymenium pinetorum T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 420. 1924. Known only from the type locality, near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas. Branching shrub, the stem strigillose; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate or oval-ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 em. long, 1 to 1.6 em. wide, acute, rounded at base, serrulate, rough-strigillose on both sides, green and scarcely paler beneath; heads few, small, in small terminal cymose clusters, the pedicels 3 mm. long or less; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries acute or subacuminate, strigillose; rays about 3, about 3 mm. long; disk flowers about 7. 19. Perymenium rotundisquamum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 623. 1924. » Known only from the type locality, Vallecito, Michoacan or Guerrero. Suffrutescent, tufted; stems strigillose, simple, remotely leafy; leaves short- petioled, the blades lance-oblong or oblong, 3 to 4.8 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, acute, cuneate at base, serrulate, scabrous above, beneath strigillose and pro- minulous-reticulate; heads in small cymes at apex of stem and on subterminal peduncles; involucre about 4 mm. high, the inner phyllaries suborbicular, broadly rounded. 20. Perymenium lancifolium Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 623. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Batel, Concordia, Sinaloa. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1553 Shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 6 to 10 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, long-acuminate, acutely cuneate at base, serrulate, rough above, antrorse-hispid and hispidulous beneath; heads in cymes or cymose panicles; pedicels usually about 1.8 em. long; involucre 5 to 6 mm, high, all but the outermost phyllaries oval, with broadly rounded tips. 21. Perymenium microcephalum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887. Oaxaca; type from Santa Talea. Shrubby, finely strigillose; petioles of the upper leaves 4 to 8 mm. long; blades of the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3 em. long or less, half as wide, serrate, acute or acuminate, rounded at base; heads numerous, about 1.2 cm. wide; involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, the inner with scarious yel- lowish tips. 22. Perymenium gracile Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 181. 1881. Known only from the type locality, San Cristébal, Orizaba, Veracruz. Strigillose; petioles up to 12 mm. long; blades lance-ovate, up to 10 cm. long, very acute, serrulate, scabrid-strigillose; heads small, few-flowered, numerous in leafy panicles; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse. (Description compiled.) 23. Perymenium chalarolepis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 525. 1899. Known only from the type locality, mountains of Chiapas. Shrub; branches strigillose; petioles 6 to 9 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate, scabrous on both sides; heads small, borne in numerous 5-headed terminal cymes; phyllaries ovate, acuminate, spreading-tipped. (Description compiled.) 24, Perymenium ghiesbreghtii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer, Acad. 34: 525. 1899. Chiapas. Shrub 1 to 2 meters high; branches strigillose, glabrate; petioles 5 to 12 mm. long; blades lance-oblong, 6 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, smoothish above, appressed-hirsutulous beneath; heads in small close cymes; involucre about 5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, acuminate, with spreading tips. 25. Perymenium croceum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 527. 1899. Durango. Shrub; branches strigillose; petioles about 5 mm. long; blades lanceolate or lance-oblong, 5 to 9 em. long, 1.3 to 1.8 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, green and rough above, densely and subcanescently strigillose beneath; heads in cymes of 3 to 5, short-pediceled; involucre 5 to 6 mm, high, the phyl- laries obtuse or the outer acutish, appressed. 26. Perymenium discolor Schrad. ‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1830;”’ Linnaea 6: Litt.-Ber. 73. 1831. Oaxaca. Shrub up*to 5 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; leaves short- petioled, lanceolate, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, 5 to 14 mm. wide, attenuate, acutely cuneate at base, green, scabrous, impressed-veined and somewhat rugose above, beneath densely and canescently subtomentose-hispidulous; heads in rounded panicles; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or rounded. 27. Perymenium pellitum Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Yavesia, Oaxaca. Similar to P. discolor; leaves nigrescent in drying; heads usually in 3’s, on pedicels 2 to 6 cm. long. 1554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 28. Perymenium stenophyllum Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 82: 191. 1919. Known only from the type locality, San Ignacio, Sinaloa. Shrubby; branches strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, narrowly linear, 3 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate at both ends, 1-nerved, roughish above, densely and finely canescent-tomentulose beneath; heads in terminal clusters of 3 to 7, the pedicels 3 to 40 mm. long; involucre 4 to (fruit) 7 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to rounded. 29. Perymenium angustifolium T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 260. 1908. Puebla; type from Cerro San Luis. Shrub; branches strigose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, usually obtusish, cuneate at base, serrate, rough and rugose above, beneath densely and canescently or cinereously subtomentose- hispidulous; heads in small terminal cymes or cymose panicles; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries acute or acuminate. 30. Perymenium lasiolepis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 625. 1924. Known only from the type locality, San Simén, Puebla. Shrub; branches spreading-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, rhombic-ovate, 2 to 3.3 em, long, 1 to 1.8 cm. wide, acutish, rounded-cuneate at base, hispid- pilose above, beneath densely and canescently pilose-tomentose; heads in rather small panicles; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries lance-ovate, acuminate, spreading-tipped, densely pubescent. 31, Perymenium blepharolepis Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 522. 1916. Known only from the type locality, Coxcatlin, Puebla. Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 em. long, 1 to 1.8 em. wide, subacuminate, cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, above strigillose, beneath subcanescently antrorse-hispid and hispidulous; heads 5 to 7, cymose-panicled; involuere 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to lance-ovate, subacute. 32. Perymenium hypoleucum Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 523. 1916. Known definitely only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, obtuse to acute, cuneate-rounded at base, harsh above, densely and glaucescently subtomentose-hispidulous beneath; heads several, closely cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 4.5 ecm. high, the phyllaries densely strigillose, obtuse or rounded. 33. Perymenium consobrinum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 626. 1924, Known only from the type locality, Los Naranjos, Oaxaca. Shrubby; branches reflexed-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, ovate or lance- ovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 1.2 to 2 em. wide, acute, cuneate at base, roughish and rugose above, beneath densely and subtomentosely hispid-pilose with glaucescent hairs; heads about 5, in umbelliform cymes, on pedicels 1 to 5 em. long; involucre about 6 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, with spreading herbaceous tips. 34. Perymenium collinum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 395. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Gentile, Puebla. Shrub; branches subtomentose-pilosulous with spreading hairs; leaves short- petioled, broadly ovate, 1 to 1.8 cm. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide, acute, at base rounded or subcordate, harsh above, densely and ochroleucously subtomentose- hispidulous beneath; heads 3 to 5, short-pediceled; involuere 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse, pubescent. STANDLEY TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1555 35. Perymenium ovatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 261. 1908. Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tlaquilosto, Puebla. Small shrub; branches strigose or short-hispid; leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, serrate, rugose and scabrous above, densely subtomentose-hispidulous with bluish white hairs beneath; heads 1 to 3, terminating the branches, the pedicels 0.5 to 2.5 em. long; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse or the outer acutish, pubescent and ciliate. 86. Perymenium acuminatum (Llave) Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 627. 1924. Oteiza acuminata Llave, Reg. Trim. 1: 41. 1832. Calea elegans DC. Prodr. 5: 674. 1836. San Luis Potosi and State of Mexico. Suffrutescent; stem glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves subsessile or very short-petioled, lance-ovate or ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.8 em. wide, acumi- nate, rounded to subcordate at base, callous-denticulate or subentire, smooth above, strigose or antrorse-hirsute on the veins beneath; heads 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, few on very long peduncles, or several and closely cymose-panicled; rays white; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, the phyllaries many-nerved, with subscarious, often purplish tips, the outer acute, the inner obtuse or rounded. 37. Perymenium macrocephalum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 108. 1903. Guerrero; type from Iguala. Herbaceous or suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem slender, strigillose or hispidulous; petioles of the larger leaves 1 to 3 cm. long; blades ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded to subcordate at base, serrate, rough above, hispid and hispidulous beneath chiefly on the veins; heads few, large, on pedicels 2 to 8.5 em. long; involucre 7 to 9 mm, high. 38. Perymenium nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 529. 1899. Chiapas; type collected between San Cristébal and Teopisca. Shrub; branches strigose to sordidly subtomentose; petioles 1.2 to 2 em. long; blades ovate, 6 to 10 em. long, 3.2 to 5.5 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or sub- cordate at base, serrate, rough above, rather densely pilosulous to subtomentose beneath; heads cymose or cymose-panicled, large, about 3 em. wide; involucre 8 to 11 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or rounded. 39. Perymenium latisquamum Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 626. 1924. Chiapas; type from Sierra de Tonaldé. El Salvador. Probably shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 8 to 27 mm. long; blades broadly ovate, 6 to 13 cm. long, 4.5 to 7.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate at base, serrate, roughish above, strigose or antrorse-hispid, chiefly along the veins, beneath and more or less gland-dotted; heads rather numerous, large, about 2.8 em. wide; involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries broadly ovate (outermost) to broadly oval or suborbicular, broadly rounded or the outermost obtuse. ‘‘Tatascamito”’ (El Salvador). DOUBTFUL SPECIES. PERYMENIUM BARCLAYANUM DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. Described as suffru- ticose and subseandent. According to Robinson & Greenman, it is very close to P. tenellum A. Gray, an herbaceous species. PERYMENIUM CERVANTESII DC, Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. This may be the same as P. rude Robins. & Greenm. PERYMENIUM GYMNOLOMOIDES (Less.) DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. Lipotriche gymnolomoides Less. Linnaea 6: 408. 1831. Imperfectly described; type from Misantla, Veracruz. 1556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 65. FLOURENSIA DC. Prodr. 5: 592. 1836. REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Flourensia, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 393-409. 1921. Resinous shrubs; leaves alternate; heads yellow, radiate or discoid; involucre 2 to 4-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous or subherbaceous; rays neutral; achenes more or less thickened; pappus of 2 awns and rarely a few squamellae. Heads discoid. Leaves entire. Leaves ovate to obovate, 2 to 6 cm. wide_...___._______- 1. F. laurifolia, Leaves 4 to 11.5 mm. wide. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 7.5 mm. wide_____- 2. F. retinophylla. Leaves ovate to oval, 6.5 to 11.5 mm. wide_______________ 3. F. cernua. Leaves mucronate-dentate________________---_--__-_-____- 4. F. ilicifolia. Heads radiate. Young branches densely pilose-lanate; heads numerous, in regular cymose PRD IONS a oe eee eee eee 5. F. glutinosa. Young branches not pilose-lanate; heads solitary to several at tips of branches, not regularly cymose-panicled. Petioles 7 to 15 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 10 em. long. 6. F. collodes. Petioles 1 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades oblong to lanceolate, or if ovate only 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long. Phyllaries 13 to 23 mm. long, with ovate or lanceolate base and elongate linear-attenuate tips_......-..-.----2 2222 Lee 7. F. pringlei. Phyllaries 7 to 15 mm. long, without linear-attenuate tips. Leaf blades oblong-vllipiie to lanceolate, 3.3 to 6.5 cm. long. 8. F. resinosa. Leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long. 9. F. microphylla. 1, Flourensia laurifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 592. 1836. Helianthus laurifolius Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179. 1881. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type collected between Victoria and Tula, Tamaulipas. Shrub 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaf blades 5.5 to 13 cm. long; heads in cymose panicles of 3 to 7, the disk 1 to 1.3 em. thick in flower. 2. Flourensia retinophylla Blake in Robinson, Proc, Amer. Acad. 49: 505. 1913. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila. Much-branched low viscid shrub; leaf blades 2.5 to 3.5 em. long; heads 1 to 1.3 cm, high. 3. Flourensia cernua DC. Prodr. 5: 593. 1836. Helianthus cernuus Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179. 1881. Sonora to Nuevo Leén, south to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi; type collected between Monterrey and Lampasos, Nuevo Leén. Texas to Arizona. Much-branched shrub 1 to 2 meters high, erect or procumbent; leaf blades 1.7 to 2.5 cm. long; heads nodding, solitary in the leaf axils, forming long leafy inflorescences. ‘‘Hojasé,”’ ‘‘hojasén.”’ This shrub has a hoplike odor and a bitter taste. The leaves and heads are commonly sold in the markets of northern Mexico, and are taken as a remedy for indigestion. According to Palmer, it is employed also as a remedy for female diseases. In the United States the plant is known most commonly as “tar-bush. ; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1557 4. Flourensia ilicifolia T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 238. 1906. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parras, Coahuila. Shrub, much branched; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 1.6 to 2.4 cm. long, coarsely dentate; heads 1.3 to 1.6 cm. high. 5. Flourensia glutinosa (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374. 1913. Encelia glutinosa Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 155. 1895. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Las Hoyas Canyon, Oaxaca. Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; leaf blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6.5 to 9-cm. long, entire; heads about 2.5 cm. wide. It is perhaps this plant for which Dr. Reko reports the name of ‘‘rafz del manso.”’ 6. Flourensia collodes (Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 373. 1918. Encelia collodes Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 110. 1903. Known only from the type locality, between Ocuilapa and Tuxtla, Chiapas. Shrub; leaves entire; heads 4 to 5 toward tips of branches, 4 cm. wide. 7. Flourensia pringlei (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 375. 1913. Helianthella pringlet A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886. Encelia oblonga Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 118. 1894. Chihuahua and Durango; type from Chihuahua City. Stems numerous, suffrutescent, 30 to 40 cm. high, very leafy; leaf blades elliptic- oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3.2 to 10 cm. long; heads solitary, terminal, long- peduncled, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide. 8. Flourensia resinosa (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 375. 1913. Encelia resinosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 240. 1906. Known only from the type locality, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo. Shrub, very glutinous; heads 1 to 4, long-peduncled, 3.5 to 5.3 cm. wide. 9. Flourensia microphylla (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374, 1913. Encelia microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879. Coahuila; type from Saltillo. Much-branched shrub about 1 meter high; heads solitary, long-peduncled, about 2.5 cm. wide. 66. SALMEA DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 140. 1813. REFERENCE: Blake, A revision of Salmea and some allied genera, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 193-201. 1915. Shrubs, often scandent; leaves opposite; heads small, whitish, discoid, cymose- panicled; involucre about 3-seriate, graduate; receptacle conic; achenes strongly compressed, ciliate; pappus of 2 awns. Heads very numerous, cymose-panicled on widely spreading, axillary and ter- minal branches__.--...------------------------------- 1. 8. scandens. Heads few to numerous, on erect peduncles or several-headed flowering-branches. Heads numerous, on 8 to 11-headed pedunceles-_-------------- 2. S. palmeri. Heads few (5 to 11), on 1 to 3-headed peduncles. - ------- 3. S. oligocephala. 1. Salmea scandens (L.) DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 141. 1813. Bidens scandens L. Sp. Pl. 833. 1753. Salmea eupatoria DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 141. 1813. Spilanthes nitidus Liave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 28. 1824. Salmea grandiceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 88. 1827. Salmea parviceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 88. 1827. Salmea oppositiceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 89. 1827. 1558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Fornicaria scandens Raf. Sylv. Tell. 116. 1838. Verbesina scandens Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 106. 1889. Tamaulipas and Guerrero to Chiapas; type from Veracruz. Guatemala to South America; West Indies. Scandent shrub, up to 10 meters high; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 5 to 12.5 em. long, 2 to 6 em. wide, remotely serrulate or subentire, coriaceous, shining, essentially glabrous; heads 4.5 to 7 mm. high; phyllaries ovate to ovate- lanceolate, acute to acuminate; corollas white, turning greenish when old. “Hierba de San Antonio” (Puebla, Veracruz); ‘“‘duerme-boca,”’ “salta-afuera”’ (El Salvador); ‘“oreja de conejo”’ (Honduras); ‘‘tabacén,”’ “bejueo de muela”’ (Porto Rico). The root of this plant, when chewed, is said to deaden all sensation in the tongue, hence the name “duerme-boca” applied in El Salvador. The name ‘“‘bejuco de muela,”’ reported from Porto Rico, would indicate that because of this property the plant is employed there as a remedy for toothache. The name “‘salta-afuera’’ used in El Salvador is an allusion to the fact that the vine is used there as a fish poison or barbasco, as which it is reported to be unusually efficient. la. Salmea scandens obtusata Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 197. 1915. Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Coban. Phyllaries oval, rounded; otherwise as in the typical form. 2. Salmea palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 141. 1891. Jalisco and Michoaedn; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco. Erect, about 50 cm. high; stem hirsutulous or strigillose, glabrate, erect- branched; leaf blades ovate to oval, 4.5 to 10 em. long, repand-denticulate; heads 7 to 9mm. high; phyllaries pubescent, with short loose subherbaceous tips. 3. Salmea oligocephala Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 194, 1881. Mexico; type from Zimapin, Hidalgo. Erect; stem strigillose, the inflorescence hispidulous; leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong, 4.8 to 9 cm. long; heads 9 to 11 mm. high; phyllaries pubescent, with narrow appressed subherbaceous tips. 67. NOTOPTERA Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 465. 1901. REFERENCE: Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 202, 225-229. 1915. Shrubs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, cymose-panicled, the rays yellow, the disk yellow or white; involucre graduate, the phyllaries indurate, usually subherbaceous at apex; rays styliferous; achenes of disk strongly com- pressed, winged on one or both margins; pappus of 2 unequal awns, without squamellae, the inner awn broadly winged, the outer shorter, nearly or quite wingless. Heads discoid. 2. N. leptocephala. Heads campanulate or turbinate-campanulate, 4 to 7 mm. high; achene wings not ciliolate. Pedicels 4 to 10 mm. long_----------5-s 3. N. scabridula. Pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long._.---------- 88 _.4. N. brevipes. Heads radiate. Heads numerous; involucre 4 mm. high_-----_-__- Lb. iN, tequilana. Heads few; involucre 8 mm, 11-4 ae .-8. N. epaleacea. 1. Notoptera gaumeri Greenm. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 269. 1907. Salmea gaumeri Greenm. in Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 8: 124. 1904. Yucatin; type from Izamal. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO = 1559 Shrub 6 meters high; leaf blades oval-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide, grayish-tomentose beneath; heads subsessile, about 15-flowered, white, very aromatic. (Description compiled.) 2. Notoptera leptocephala Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 46. 1921. Yucatin; type from Xnocac. Shrub 3 meters high or less; leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate,.5.5 to 8.5 em. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, denticulate, rough above, densely hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; heads subcylindrie when young. This species is said to be used medicinally. 3. Notoptera scabridula Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 226. 1910. Veracruz, Yucatdn, Campeche, and Oaxaca; type from Atoyac, Veracruz. Guatemala and Honduras. Scandent shrub 5 meters high, with widespreading branchlets; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, rough above, rather densely pilosulous beneath; corollas whitish. 4. Notoptera brevipes (Robinson) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For, 53: 227. 1915. Otopappus brevipes Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 621.°1909. Chiapas (type locality). Guatemala and Honduras. Scandent shrub; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 6.5 to 13.5 cm. long, densely reticulate beneath; pedicels short and thick. 5. Notoptera tequilana (A. Gray) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 228. 1915. Zexmenia tequilana A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 425. 1887. Otopappus tequilanus Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 622. 1909. Jalisco and Michoacdn or Guerrero; type from Tequila, Jalisco. Shrub, sometimes scandent, about 2 meters high; stem tuberculate-strigillose; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, harsh-pubescent on both sides; heads yellow, about 1.5 cm. wide, in axillary and terminal cymose panicles. 5a. Notoptera tequilana acuminata (5. Wats.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 228. 1915. Otopappus acuminatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 140. 1891. Otopappus tequilanus acuminatus Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 44: 622. 1909. Jalisco; type from Guadalajara. Stem strigose-pilose or hispid-pilose; leaves densely and rather softly pubescent beneath. 6. Notoptera epaleacea (Hemsl.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 229. 1915. Otopappus epaleaceus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 191. 1881. Morelos; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate, acuminate or acute, harshly pubescent on both sides; heads about 2.5 cm. wide, solitary on axillary and terminal peduncles 0.8 to 5 cm. long. 68. ENCELIA Adans. (Fam. Pl. 2: 128. 1763, hyponym); Lam. Encycl. 2: 356. 1786. Rererence: Blake, A revision of Encelia and some related genera, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 358-376. pl. 1. 1913. Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves and solitary to panicled, radiate heads; rays yellow; disk yellow or purple; involucre 2 or 3-seriate; rays neutral; achenes strongly compressed, very flat, oblong or obovate, narrowly white-margined, villous-ciliate; pappus none or of 2 slender awns. 1560 © CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves laciniately lobed. Leaves with linear rachis and lobes..............-_.-____- 1. E. ventorum. Leaves ovate or obovate in outline, the lobes lanceolate______ 2. E. laciniata. Leaves entire or toothed. Leaves linear or linear-filiform___._..._._..___________- 8. E. stenophylla. Leaves oblong to ovate. Heads numerous, panicled; peduncles and pedicels glabrous, rarely with a POW TUBT 6 ss ss ee ee ee 3. E. farinosa. Heads few or solitary; peduncles pubescent. Disk yellow______.-.2 22 eee eee 4. E. albescens. Disk purple or brownish purple. Phyllaries densely pubescent on back as well as on margin. 5. E. californica. Phyllaries conspicuously ciliate, on back glabrous to rather sparsely hispidulous or pubescent. Leaves cinereous-pubescent, usually cordate or subcordate at base. 6. E. palmeri. Leaves green, cuneate to truncate at base_______- 7. E. halimifolia. 1. Encelia ventorum T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 175. 1889. Baja Californica; type from Boca de las Animas. Shrub about 1 meter high, much branched; leaves 3 to 6.5 cm. long, fleshy, the rachis and the 1 to 5 lobes linear, 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads about 1.7 cm. wide, nodding, fragrant, resinous. 2. Encelia laciniata Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1889. Baja California; type from Lagoon Head. Shrubby, 60 to 90 cm. high, usually hispid; leaves 8 to 5.5 em. long, ovate or obovate in outline, unequally laciniate-lobed, the lamina 2.5 to 6 mm. wide between the lobes. 3. Encelia farinosa A. Gray in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 143. 1848. Sonora and Sinaloa. Nevada to California and Arizona; type from California. Shrubby below, 1.6 meters high or less, resinous; stem white-farinose, glabres- cent; leaf blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, 3 to 10 em. long, entire or subentire, white-farinose, sometimes glabrescent; heads about 2.5 cm. wide; disk yellow. ‘““Hierba ceniza”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘incienso” (Baja California); ‘palo blanco,” “hierba de las énimas”’ (Sonora); ‘“‘hierba del bazo” (Arizona). The shrub is very abundant in some parts of Sonora, and is gathered for use as firewood. A resin obtained from the stems is sometimes used as incense in churches. The plant has sometimes been mistaken for guayule (Parthenium argentatum). The Indians chewed the gum and used it as a varnish for arrows and other objects. The gum also was melted and smeared on the body as a relief for pain in the sides. 3a. Encelia farinosa phenicodonta Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 362. 1913. Baja California and Sonora; type from San Quintin, Baja California. Cali- fornia and Arizona. Disk purple; otherwise as in the typical form. ‘Incienso”’ (Baja California). The resin is burned for incense in the churches of Baja California. 3b. Encelia farinosa radians T. 8. Brandeg.; Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 362. 1913. Encelia radians T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 176. 1889. Cape region of Baja California; type from San Gregorio. Leaves soon glabrate; involucre essentially glabrous; disk purple. 4. Encelia albescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 658. 1873. Known only from the type locality, somewhere in Sonora, STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1561 Frutescent (?); branches rough-pubescent, bearing single pedunculate heads; branch leaves ovate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, subentire, harshly whitish-pubescent with appressed hairs; heads about 3.5 cm. wide. A doubtful species, known from a single collection. 5. Encelia californica Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 357. 1841. Northern Baja California. California and Arizona; type from Santa Barbara, California, Frutescent below, up to 3.5 meters high; stem and peduncles cinereous with fine, chiefly incurved hairs; leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, entire or subentire, green, 3 to 6 cm. long; peduncles elongate; heads about 4 cm. wide. 5a. Encelia californica asperifolia Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 368. 1913. Baja California and islands; type from Cedros Island. Smaller and more woody; leaves smaller, the blades 1 to 3 cm. long, scabrid- pubescent; heads smaller. 6. Encelia palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1889. Baja California; type from Lagoon Head. Shrubby below, 1 meter high or less, canescent-hispidulous on the younger parts; leaf blades ovate to rotund-ovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, nearly or quite as wide, entire or bluntly toothed; heads 2.5 to 4 em. wide. “ Mirasol” (Baja California). 7. Encelia halimifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 6. pl. 210. 1795. Pallasia grandiflora Willd. Sp. Pi. 3: 2261, 1804. Encelia conspersa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 26, 1844. Sonora and Baja California; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby below; branches strigillose or hispidulous; leaf blades ovate or oblong- ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, entire, cuneate to truncate at base; heads 1.5 to 2.8 cm. wide; phyllaries densely white-ciliate. 8. Encelia stenophylla Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 41. 1883. Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California. Suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high, glutinous; leaves crowded on the lower part of the stems, narrowly linear, 1-nerved, 2.5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads numerous, cymose-panicled, yellow, about 1.5 cm. wide; achenes silky-villous, 2-awned. 69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM Benth. (in Benth. & Hook, Gen. Pl. 2: 382. 1873, hyponym); in Hook. Icon, Pl. 12: 48. pl. 1154. 1873. Suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves (in ours) ovate, petioled, mostly opposite; heads cymose or cymose-panicled, small or medium, radiate, yellow; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, graduate or subequal, the phyllaries ovate or lance-ovate, usually without conspicuously herbaceous tips; achenes obovoid, somewhat compressed, pubescent or glabrous; pappus of few unequal squamellae without awns, or none. Disk in anthesis 8 to 13 mm. thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, their tips herbaceous, gradually acuminate----- 4, H. superaxillare. Disk in anthesis usually less than 8 mm. thick; involucre usually 4 mm. high or less, the phyllaries mostly lance-ovate, with attenuate or very narrowly acuminate tips, these obscurely if at all herbaceous. Heads in anthesis subcylindric, the disk usually about 3 mm. thick; pubescence of the stem usually appressed__---------------- 1. H. microcephalum. Heads in anthesis campanulate, the disk usually 5 to 8 mm. thick. Pubescence of stem and under leaf surface copious, spreading. 2. H. guatemalense. Pubescence of stem and under leaf surface sparse, appressed. 3. H. cordatum. 1562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1. Hymenostephium microcephalum (Less.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 8. 1918. Gymnolomia microcephala Less. Linnaea 5: 153. 1830. Hymenostephium mexicanum Benth. in Hook. Ieon. Pl. 12: 48. pl. 1154. 1873. Montanoa thomasiti Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 328. 1882. ?Gymnolomia ehrenbergiana Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887. ?Microcephalum ehrenbergianum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887, as synonym. Gymnolomia patens abbreviata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. 29: 94. 1899. San Luis Potosf to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Guatemala. Suffrutescent or herbaceous, 1 meter high or more; stem slender, strigose or strigillose; petioles slender, mostly 1 to 3 em. long; blades ovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, usually subcordate at base, serrate; heads usually numerous, in rather close cymes or cymose panicles; involucre 2-seriate, 2 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries mostly lance-ovate, with short, very narrow, mostly spreading tips; achenes glabrous or pubescent; pappus none or of few unequal squamellae. 2. Hymenostephium guatemalense (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 8. 1918. Gymnolomia patens guatemalensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 29: 94. 1899. Gymnolomia patens brachypoda Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 29: 95. 1899. Gymnolomia guatemalensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 347. 1912. Hymenostephium pilosulum Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 268. 1915. Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama; type from San Miguel Uspantan, Guatemala. Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 2.6 meters high; stem densely and sordidly spreading-pilose or pilosulous; leaves as in H. microcephalum, but rather densely spreading-pilose or hirsute beneath; heads broadly campanulate in anthesis; involucre 4 to 6 mm. high; achenes and pappus as in no, 1, 3. Hymenostephium cordatum (Hook. & Arn.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 268. 1915. Wedelia cordata Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1840-41. Wedelia subflecuosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1840-41. Gymnopsis ? costaricensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. IKjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 90. 1852. Gymnopsis vulcanica Steetz in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 157. 1853-54. Gymnolomia patens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 182. 1861. Gymnolomia subflecuosa Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 163. 1881. Aspilia costaricensis Klatt, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31!: 201. 1892, as to synonym. Monianoa serrata Rusby, Deser. New S. Amer. Pl. 151. 1920. San Luis Potosf and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama and Colombia; type from Realejo, Nicaragua. Suffrutescent, 3 to 5 meters high, or herbaceous, erect to reclining or sub- scandent; stem usually sparsely strigillose; leaves as in no 1, often cuneate at base; heads and achenes as in no. 2. “Flor amarilla”’ (Il Salvador); ‘drnica’”’ (Guatemala). 4. Hymenostephium superaxillare Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 57, 1924, Known only from the type locality, La Bajada, Tamazula, Durango, TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1563 STANDLEY Herbaceous, at least above; stem almost glabrous; branches superaxillary; leaves much as in no. 1; heads usually ternate, the peduncles 2.5 to 8 cm. long; involucre 3-seriate, the phyllaries ovate, acute or acuminate, the herbaceous tips usually spreading; achenes glabrous, epappose. 70. PODACHAENIUM Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 98. 1852. REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 50. 1917. 1. Podachaenium eminens (Lag.) Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 557. 1861. Ferdinanda eminens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 31. 1816. Podachaenium paniculatum Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 99. 1852. Dicalymma fragrans Lem. Ill. Hort. 2: Mise. 37. f. 1-3. 1856. Cosmophyllum cacaliaefolium Koch & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1854: 12. 1854; Walp. Ann. Bot. 5: 219. 1858. Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala to Costa Rica. Stout shrub, up to 8 meters high, sordid-tomentulose; leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, petioled; blades ovate to suborbicular, up to 30 cm. long and wide, entire or angulate-toothed or lobed, green above, griseous-tomentulose beneath; heads very numerous in a terminal panicle, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide; rays white, disk yellow; achenes compressed, about 2 mm. long, with whitish stipiti- form base; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. “Tacote’’ (Sinaloa) ; “‘tora’’ (Costa Rica.) In Sinaloa the fragrant leaves are applied as poultices to wounds. 71. ACHAENIPODIUM T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 239. 1906. 1. Achaenipodium discoideum T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 239. 1906. Known only from the type locality, Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of Mexico. Suffrutescent; stem hirsute; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades lanceo- late, 10 to 14 em. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, serrate, penninerved, griseous- pilose beneath; heads panicled, yellow, discoid, about 7 mm. wide; achenes com- pressed, long-stipitate, about 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; pappus of 2 setiform awns. 72. ZEXMENIA Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 18, 1824. Rererence: W. W. Jones, A revision of the genus Zermenia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 143-167. 1905. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, rarely alternate, usually ovate, serrate, and petiolate; heads solitary, umbellate-cymose, or panicled, radiate, yellow (the rays saffron in one species); involucre 2 to 5-seriate, graduate or subequal, the phyllaries usually ovate or oblong and with herbaceous tips; rays fertile; recep- tacle paleaceous; disk achenes more or less compressed, mostly oblong or obovate, acute-margined or sometimes winged; pappus of 2 or 3 awns and several usually more or less connate squamellae, the latter sometimes reduced to an entire crown or obsolete. : Heads solitary or ternate at tip of stem, long-peduncled; peduncles mostly 5 to 25 em. long. Leaves densely canescent-tomentose beneath. Leaves toothed_______..._---------------------------- 19. Z. pringlei. Leaves entire__....__--------------------------- 20. Z. gnaphalioides. Leaves not tomentose beneath. Leaves smaller, not over 5 em. long. Leaves chiefly alternate, entire...------------------- 21. Z. brevifolia. 1564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves opposite, toothed. Involucre several-seriate_..._________.___._____ 18. Z. lantanifolia. Involucre 2-seriate___..__._-____._--__- 22. Z. strigosa. Leaves large, mostly 10 cm. long or more. Leaves densely and rather softly appressed- or incurved-pilose beneath. Awns continuous with the very narrow, winglike margins of the achene; phyllaries mostly oblong_____~ beens ooo eee eee 3. Z. crocea. Awns not continuous with the margins of the achene; phyllaries lanceolate___.-....-....-_-___________.__ 22. Z. strigosa. Leaves sparsely and harshly strigillose, hispidulous, or hirsute beneath. Outer phyllaries mostly oval or suborbicular, rounded or rarely acutish BV BOK ieee ea et ae 1. Z. ghiesbreghtii. Outer phyllaries ovate, usually acuminate......________ 2. Z. greggii. Heads usually numerous in umbelliform cymes, or panicled, if sometimes ternate then on pedicels less than 5 em. long (rarely up to 5.8 em. in no, 7). Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 1.5 em. wide or less, strongly 3-nerved. 17. Z. seemannii. Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, usually wider, triplinerved. Petioles very short, 3 mm. long or less. Branches strigose or strigillose; leaves rounded at base. Heads 1 to 5, the pedicels mostly 2 to 5.8 em. long____7. Z. fruticosa. Heads numerous, the pedicels 1 to 2 em. long._.15. Z. microcephala. Petioles of the main leaves more than 5 mm. long. Heads numerous in close terminal umbelliform cymes or cymose panicles. Heads larger, the disk in anthesis 7 to 10 mm. thick. Pedicels usually 2 em. long or Iss; petioles 1 em. long or less. 5. Z. michoacana. Pedicels usually over 2 cm. long; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long. 8. Z. frutescens. Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis usually less than 5 mm. thick. Phyllaries (at least the outer) acuminate or subacuminate, the tips usually spreading. Involucre 9 to 10.5 mm. high; pedicels densely spreading-hirsute, 1.4 cm. long or less______--__________- 9. Z. aggregata. Involucre 9 mm. high or less; pedicels strigose or strigillose, usually 2 to 5 em. long. Involucre 7 to 9 mm. high; heads 3 to 6_______ 10. Z. gracilis. Involucre 6 mm. high or less; heads usually more numerous. 11. Z. fasciculata. Phyllaries obtuse to broadly rounded (the outermost sometimes acute or acutish), the tips appressed. Phyllaries (except the two outermost) all with very broadly rounded WDB eee ee eee ee ee ee 14. Z. rotundata. Phyllaries obtuse or rarely acutish. Awns longer than the body of the disk achenes, conspicuously exserted in the fruiting heads________ 12. Z. ceanothifolia. Awns shorter than the body of the disk achenes, not exserted in fo | en 13. Z. gradata. Heads several or numerous and loosely panicled, or in terminal cymes of 3 to 5, not numerous and umbelled. Involucre 8 to 15 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries with ovate base and abruptly narrower, equal or longer, spreading, herbaceous NAS oe eek 24. Z. leucactis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1565 Involucre shorter, or else the phyllaries not with ovate base and abruptly narrowed, long, herbaceous tips. Involuecre in anthesis 1 cm. thick or more; phyllaries broadly ovate or oval, with squarrose, herbaceous tips------- 4. Z. squarrosa. Involucre in anthesis less than 1 cm. thick; phyllaries usually ovate and without squarrose herbaceous tips. Achenes with true wings_.----.--------------- 23. Z. scandens. Achenes not with true wings, but usually narrowly wing-margined. Young branchlets densely spreading-hirsute_5. Z. michoacana. Young branchlets sparsely strigose or nearly glabrous. 6. Z. elegans. 1. Zexmenia ghiesbreghtii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 113. 1852, as Z. ghies- brechtit. Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent (?), 1.3 to 3 meters high; stem strigillose; leaves subsessile, ovate or lance-ovate, mostly 9 to 13.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, serrate or serrulate, rough on both sides; heads 1 to 5, terminal and in the upper axils, large; peduncles usually 5 to 18 em. long; involucre 1.2 to 1.8 em. high, strigose and strigillose. ‘‘Hierba del pasmo”’ (Sinaloa). 2. Zexmenia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 113. 1852. Jalisco; type collected ‘between the City of Mexico and Mazatldn.” Suffrutescent, 2 to 3.3 meters high, similar in most characters to 2. ghies- breghtii; outer and middle phyllaries triangular-ovate, acuminate. 3. Zexmenia crocea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 114. 1852. Zexmenia stenantha Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 174. 1881. Morelos to Michoaedn and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, 0.6 to 2.5 meters high; younger branches and peduncles varying from densely pilose to strigose; petioles usually very short, sometimes 1 em. long; blades ovate, the larger 5 to 10.5 em. long, acuminate, usually subcordate at base, serrate, rough above, rather softly and densely griseous-pubescent beneath; involucre 1.5 to 2 cm. high, subequal or obgraduate, the phyllaries few, oblong or obovate, with long loose herbaceous tips; rays orange or reddish yellow. 4. Zexmenia squarrosa Greenm. in W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 151. 1905. Guerrero and Michoacdén; type from mountains above Iguala, Guerrero. Shrub 1 to 2 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long; blades ovate, 4.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above and usually beneath; heads 1 to 5, cymose, on pedicels 4.5 cm. long or less; involucre 1.1 to 1.4 cm. high, the phyllaries strongly graduate, broadly suborbicular-ovate or oval, hirsute-pilose, with mostly obtuse squarrose herbaceous tips. 5. Zexmenia michoacana Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 631. 1924. Michoacdén; type from Loma Santa Maria, near Morelia. Shrub; branchlets densely hirsute-pilose with spreading hairs; petioles 2 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 5.5. em. wide, broadly rounded to cuneate at base, rough or roughish on both sides; heads medium-sized, in umbellate clusters of 1 to 6, the pedicels spreading-hirsute-pilose, 1 to 3.5 cm. long; involucre 7 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries mostly triangular-ovate, obtuse to subacuminate, herbaceous above, mostly appressed, the inner oblong or oval-oblong, rounded. 6. Zexmenia elegans Schultz Bip.; W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 157. 1905. Veracruz; type from Mirador. 1566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub; branches sparsely erect-hirsute, glabrate; petioles 5 to 7 mm. long; blades ovate or lanceolate, 6 to 10 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, smoothish above, sparsely strigose on the veins beneath; heads ternate, the pedicels 8 to 22 mm. long; involucre 9 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate, the inner broader, obtuse. 7. Zexmenia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 103. 1891. Known only from the type locality, Alamos, Sonora. Shrub 2.5 meters high; branches sparsely strigillose; leaves short-petioled, lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1.4 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate, serrate, scabrous, hispid beneath; heads 1 to 5, cymose, the pedicels 1.2 to 5.8 em. long; involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries lanceolate or ovate, acute, strigose, the inner longer, strigillose and ciliate. 8. Zexmenia frutescens (Mill.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 50. 1917. Bidens fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 833. 1753. Not Zexrmenia fruticosa Rose, 1891. Verbesina fruticosa L, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1271. 1763, in part, Bidens frutescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Bidens no. 4. 1768. Zexmenia costaricensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 95. 1852. Zexmenia nicaraguensis C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. Bot. 5: 226. 1858. Narvalina fruticosa Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 265. 1907, as to name-bringing synonym only. Zexcmenia purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 75. 1914. Zexmenia frutescens genuina Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 52: 51. 1917. Chiapas. Guatemala to Panama; type from ‘ Cartagena.” Shrubby or “arborescent,’’ up to 8 meters high; branches glabrous or some- what pubescent and glabrate; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 16 em. long, 2 to 6.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above, from nearly glabrous to strigose or hispidulous beneath; heads medium-sized, usually numerous in umbel- liform cymes, the pedicels hispidulous, usually 2 to 5 em. long; involucre 7 to 12 mm. high, few-seriate, subequal or somewhat graduate, the phyllaries mostly oblong and obtuse, the outer sometimes ovate and acute or acuminate, “ Tisate’’ (El Salvador); ‘“faciseén” (Guatemala). In El Salvador the white ashes derived from the wood are used by spinning women to keep the fingers smooth. In Guatemala the plant is said to furnish a medicine for infantile fevers. The species has been reported from Yucatdn with the name “sactah” or “‘zactah.” 9. Zexmenia aggregata Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 634. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Santa Catarina, Oaxaca. Shrub; branchlets densely spreading-hirsute; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; blades ovate, 4 to 5.5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, ser- rulate, rough above, rather softly hirsute-pilose beneath; heads in close umbel- liform cymes, the pedicels densely spreading-hirsute, 1.4 em. long or less; involucre 9 to 10.5 mm. high, the phyllaries subequal, lance-ovate, hispid-pilose, with acuminate herbaceous tips. 10. Zexmenia gracilis W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 154. 1905. Colima (type locality) and Michoacan or Guerrero, Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; branches sparsely strigillose; petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long; blades lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, at base acuminate to rounded, serrate, sparsely tuberculate-strigose above, sparsely strigillose beneath; heads in terminal umbelliform cymes of 3 to 7, also solitary in the upper axils, the pedicels 1.5 to 8 em. long, strigillose; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, graduate, the outer and middle phyllaries lanceolate or lance- ovate, with mostly spreading, acuminate, herbaceous tips. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1567 11. Zexmenia fasciculata (DC.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. _ Lipochaeta fasciculata DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836. Sinaloa and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, south to Jalisco and San Luis Potosi; type from Tula, Tamaulipas. Shrub; branches strigillose, glabrate; petioles mostly 1 to 2.2 cm. long; blades lanceolate to ovate, 6 to 14 em. long, 1.5 to 6 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above, sparsely to densely hispidulous or strigose beneath; heads small, usually numerous in umbelliform cymes, the pedicels strigose, 1 to 3 em. long; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, slightly graduate, the outer and middle phyllaries lance-ovate or ovate, with acuminate or subacuminate, loose, herba- ceous tips. 12. Zexmenia ceanothifolia (Willd.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 305. 1856. Verbesina ceanothifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2225. 1804. Lipochaeta umbellata DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836. Jalisco and Guanajuato to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Shrub 2 to 3.3 meters high; branches strigose, glabrate; petioles 3 to 12 mm. long; blades ovate to lance-oblong, 6 to 11.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, rough and rugose above, reticulate and strigillose to short-hispid beneath; heads as in Z. fasciculata; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries broadly ovate to oval, obtuse to merely acute or apiculate. 13. Zexmenia gradata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 632. 1924. Sinaloa; type from Lodiego. Shrub, up to 3 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; petioles 4 to 12 mm. long; blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 12.5 em. long, 2.3 to 5.3 cm. wide, acuminate, at base cuneate to rounded-cuneate, rough above, beneath densely and rather softly hirsute-pilose on all the veins and veinlets, sometimes also between them, with usually spreading or divergent hairs; heads small, in umbelli- form clusters, the pedicels strigillose, mostly 7 to 15 mm. long; involucre 6 to 7.5 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries ovate to broadly oval or suborbicu- lar, obtuse to acute. 14. Zexmenia rotundata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 632. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Huasemote, Durango. Shrub; branchlets sparsely strigillose; petioles 6 to 8 mm. long; blades lance- ovate, 5.5 to 8 em. long, 2 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, sparsely hirsute on both sides; heads small, in terminal umbelliform cymes of 3 to 6; involucre 8 to 9 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries suborbicular to oval, with rounded thin-herbaceous tips. 15. Zexmenia microcephala Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 178. 1881. Lipochaeta umbellata conferta DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836. Zexmenia ceanothifolia conferta A. Gray; W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 155. 1905. Tepic and Morelos; type from San Blas, Tepic. Shrub; branches strigose, glabrate; leaves subsessile, oblong or oval-elliptic to ovate or lance-ovate, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, acute, at base rounded, smoothish above, strigillose beneath; heads numerous in close umbelli- form cymes or cymose panicles, the pedicels strigillose, 1 to 2 cm. long; involucre campanulate, 6 to 8 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries oblong or oval, obtuse or apiculate, or the outermost acute. 16. Zexmenia cordifolia Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 633. 1924. Known only from the type locality, near Acaponeta, Tepic. 57020—26——17 1568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub; branches densely sordid-pilose with spreading hairs, glabrate; leaves subsessile, ovate, 5 to 6 cm. long, 2.8 to 3.5 cm. wide, acute, shallowly cordate at base, roughish above, strigose and strigillose beneath; heads small, in umbelli- form cymes; pedicels 6 to 27 mm. long; involucre 8 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries ovate to oval, appressed, the outermost acute, the others obtuse. 17. Zexmenia seemannii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 114. 1852. Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, and Tepic; type from Cerro de Pinal, Sinaloa. Shrub about 1 meter high; branches strigillose; petioles 3 to 10 mm. long; blades linear-elliptic to linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 10 em. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, obtuse to acuminate, cuneate at base, strongly 3-nerved, shining, sparsely strigose or strigillose; heads medium-sized, in terminal umbelliform cymes of 3 to 5, the pedicels 12 mm. long or usually less; involucre 1 to 1.2 em. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries mostly suborbicular-oval to oblong, the rounded outer and middle ones with short, thick-herbaceous, rather loose tips. 18. Zexmenia lantanifolia (Schauer) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. Lipochaeta lantauifolia Schauer, Linnaea 19: 729. 1847. Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo; type from Zimap&n, Hidalgo. Shrub; branchlets spreading or ascending-hispidulous, glabrate; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate, 1.8 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 2.8 em. wide, acute, cuneate to truncate or subcordate at base, rough above, hirsute or hispid and often griseous beneath; heads solitary, leafy-bracted, rather large, the peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 em. ° long; proper involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, campanulate-subglobose, the phyllaries ovate to lance-oblong, mostly acute or acuminate, the outer with usually appressed herbaceous tips. 19. Zexmenia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 489. 1898. Puebla; type from Tehuacdn. Shrub; branchlets canescently arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent; petioles about 5 mm. long; blades deltoid-ovate, 1.3 to 3.5 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or obtuse, cordate at base, rugose and green above, canescently lanate- tomentose beneath; heads solitary, rather large, leafy-bracted, the peduncles 5 to 17 cm. long; proper involucre about 10 mm. high, the inner phyllaries oblong, acute or acuminate, arachnoid-ciliate. 20. Zexmenia gnaphalioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879. Known only from the type locality, between San Luis Potosf and Tampico. Shrub, floecose-lanate; leaves short-petioled, deltoid-ovate or cordate-lanceo- late, 1.2 to 1.8 em. long, acute, entire, revolute-margined, above sericeous-his- pidulous, beneath pannose-tomentose; heads solitary, about 1.2 em. thick, leafy- bracted, on long peduncles; phyllaries oblong to linear, obtuse, appressed. (De- scription compiled.) 21. Zexmenia brevifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 112. 1852. Chihuahua and Coahuila, south to Zacatacas and San Luis Potost. Texas; type collected between the Limpio and Rio Grande. Shrub about 1 meter high, cinereously strigillose or retrorse-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, suborbicular to ovate, 1.8 em. long and 1.3 em. wide or smaller, obtuse or rounded, broadly rounded to subcordate at base, entire, harshly tuberculate-strigillose or hispidulous; heads medium-sized, solitary, long- peduncled; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high, subequal or graduate, the outer and middle phyllaries mostly obovate or spatulate, the tips herbaceous, spreading. 22. Zexmenia strigosa (DC.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. Lipochaeta strigosa DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836. Known only from the type locality, near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1569 Suffruticose; branches nearly glabrous; leaves short-petioled, lance-ovate, acuminate, serrulate, sparsely strigose above, appressed-villous beneath; pe- duncles monocephalous; involucre 2-seriate, the outer phyllaries foliaceous, strigose; achenes slender, 5 to 7 mm. long. (Description compiled.) 23. Zexmenia scandens Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 174. 1881. Zexmenia trachylepis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 175. 1881. Zexmenia dulcis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 99. 1891. Verbesina sylvicola T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 419. 1924. Veracruz and Tabasco to Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Guatemala. Shrub, scandent or subscandent; branches sordidly tomentose-pilose or hispid- pilose; petioles 5 to 15 mm. long; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 7.5 to 11.5 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate or acute, rounded or cuneate-rounded at base, serrate, rough above, sordidly hirsute-pilose or hispid beneath; heads usually numerous and cymose-panicled, sometimes in cymes of 1 to 3, medium-sized, the pedicels usually 1 to 5 em. long; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, subequal or graduate, the phyllaries mostly ovate to oblong or oval, obtuse or sometimes acute, with short, often spreading, subherbaceous tips; achenes winged. 24. Zexmenia leucactis Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 307. 1915. Zexmenia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.6: 197. 1915. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Retahuleu. Shrub about 2.5 meters high; branches densely sordid-pilose, glabrate; petioles 7 to 15 mm. long; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, 2.8 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, serrate, harsh above, densely and softly griseous-pilosulous beneath; heads medium-sized, few, loosely cymose, the pedicels sordid-pilose, 1 to 4 em. long; rays yellow; involucre about 3-seriate, obgraduate, the outermost phyllaries with ovate base and much narrower and longer, loosely spreading, acuminate, herbaceous tips, the innermost much shorter, unappendaged; achenes winged. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ZEXMENIA IMBRICATA Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. Mexico, without definite locality. Suffruticulose, canescent, the stem glabrescent; petioles 1.6 cm. long; blades triangular-ovate, 10 cm. long, 5 cm. wide and more, acute, subcordate at base, dentate, scabrous; heads in the upper axils, about equaling the pedicels; involucre 6 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries ovate-linear, obtuse, scabrous; achenes winged. (Description compiled.) ZEXMENIA LINDENIL Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. Lasianthaea lindenii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856, as synonym. Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz. Leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 1.8 to 2.5 cm. wide, attenuate at each end, petioled, serrate, featherveined, harsh above, tomentose beneath; heads numerous. (Description compiled.) Perhaps a species of Verbesina. ZEXMENIA MACROCEPHALA (Hook. & Arn.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 173. 1881. Lipochaeta macrocephala Hook. & Arn, Bot. Beechey Voy. 486. 1840-41. Closely allied to Z. ghiesbreghtii A. Gray, and perhaps identical; type from Tepic. ZEXMENIA MONOCEPHALA (DC.) Heynh. Nomencl. 2: 772. 1846. Lipochaeta monocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 18386. Mexico, without definite locality (type); Veracruz (according to W. W. Jones). 1570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrub; stem glabrous; petioles 5 to 13 mm. long, villous; blades lance-ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, 0.5 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or acutish at base, ser- rate, scabrous above, sparsely strigillose beneath; peduncles solitary, mono- cephalous, shorter than the upper leaves; heads 15 mm. high; involucre cam- panulate, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the phyllaries about 2-seriate, few, ovate, submem- branaceous; achenes margined; squamellae well developed. (Description compiled.) ZEXMENIA SERRATA Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 13. 1824. Known only from the type locality, San José del Corral, Mexico. Sarmentose shrub 4 meters high; branches pubescent; leaves opposite, petioled, sublanceolate, serrate, rough on both sides, the younger pubescent beneath; heads in umbelliform cymes; involucre 2-seriate, the phyllaries few, ovate, recurved at apex; rays 10 to 12. (Description compiled.) 73, OTOPAPPUS Benth. (in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 380. 1873, hyponym) in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 47. pl. 1153. 1873. REFERENCE: Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 229-235. 1915. Shrubs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, vellow; involucre 3 to 6-seri- ate, graduate, the phyllaries indurate, often herbaceous-tipped; rays when present fertile; achenes compressed, 2-winged, the wings decurrent on the awns, the inner much larger; pappus of 2 awns and a lacerate corona of connate squamellae. Heads radiate. Leaves strigillose but smooth to the touch above, the hairs not tuberculate- based. Pedicels 1 to 3 cm. long___________..-__-__----_---- 1. O. verbesinoides. Pedicels 2 to 7 mm. long. Outer phyllaries with conspicuous, spreading or reflexed, spatulate, herba- ceous tips___..---.....---2..2 2. 4 --_- eee 2. O. trinervis. Outer phyllaries without conspicuous spatulate herbaceous tips. 4. O. microcephalus. Leaves rough above with tuberculate-based hairs. Branches and pedicels densely spreading-hispidulous_______- 6. O. pringlei. Branches and pedicels strigillose. Rays 1 cm, long; outer phyllaries with spreading or reflexed, spatulate, herbaceous tips 5 to 13 mm. long_________..-_-__~_ = _- 5. O. scaber. Rays 2 to 6 mm. long; outer phyllaries without conspicuous spatulate herbaceous tips. Heads 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide__---_________-__ 2 ee 3. O. salazari Heads 6.5 to 8 mm. wide__.__-_-_ ~~ 2 4. O. microcephalus Heads discoid. Leaves 3 to 5.5 cm. long; branches hispidulous____ ___ 7. O. xanthocarphus. Leaves 6.5 to 13.5 em. long; branches loosely pilose_________8. O. robustus. 1. Otopappus verbesinoides Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 47. pl. 1153. 1873. Perymenium sartori Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887, as synonym. Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Chontales, Nicaragua. Scandent or straggling shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate to lance-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 18 em. long, 1.8 to 4.5 em. wide, repand-dentate to ser- rulate, acuminate; heads 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 5 at tips of stem and branches, or solitary in the upper axils; outer phyllaries with reflexed, linear to spatulate, herbaceous tips. 2. Otopappus trinervis Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 231. 1915. Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1571 Branching shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 11 em. long, obscurely serrulate; heads 1 cm. wide; rays very small; outer phyllaries with spreading spatulate tips. 3. Otopappus salazari Blake, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 32: 192. 1919. Southern Sinaloa; type from Ixtagua. Scandent shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades lance-ovate, 9.5 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, denticulate, slightly rough-strigillose above with somewhat tuberculate-based hairs; heads about 13 in a ternately divided panicle; phyllaries with slightly spreading apex; rays about 5 mm. long. 4, Otopappus microcephalus Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 232. 1915. Colima and Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima. Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate, 4.5 to 9 cm. long, rough or roughish above; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled; phyllaries with small spreading herbaceous tips; rays about 2 mm. long. 5. Otopappus scaber Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 636. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Apazote, near Yohalttin, Campeche. Apparently scandent; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, serrulate, rough on both sides; heads and involucre much as in O. verbe- sinoides, 2.7 to 3 cm. wide. 6. Otopappus pringlei (Greenm.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 232. 1915. Otopappus epaleaceus pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 42. 1904. Morelos and Guerrero; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Shrub; leaf blades ovate, 4.5 to 7.5 cm. long, dentate, very harsh above, rather densely hispidulous and strongly prominulous-reticulate beneath; heads 1 to 1.2 cm. wide, in terminal cymes of 5 to 7; phyllaries with minute herbaceous tips; rays about 2 mm. long. 7. Otopappus xanthocarphus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 394. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Castillo, near Zapotitlin, Puebla. Trichotomously branched shrub; leaf blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.2 to 2.7 em. wide, acute, serrate-dentate, very rough above, roughish-hispidulous beneath; heads about 1 em. thick, in terminal 3 or 5-headed cymes; involucre 5 mm. high, the outer phyllaries herbaceous. 8. Otopappus robustus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 191. pl. 49. 1881. Zexmenia robusta O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 45: 230. f. 116, O. 1890. Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Seandent shrub; leaf blades ovate, acuminate, roughish above, densely and rather softly pilosulous beneath; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled ; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high. 74. OYEDAEA DC. Prodr. 5: 576. 1836. REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Oyedaea, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 411-422. 1921. 1. Oyedaea ovalifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 183. 1861. Oyedaea ampeloides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 176. 1881. Veracruz and San Luis Potos{; type from Huautla, Veracruz. Reclining or scandent shrub, 3 to 6 meters long or more; stem strigillose, gla- brate; leaf blades oval to ovate, 8 to 18.5 cm. long, 5 to 8 em. wide, acute or obtuse, crenate-mucronulate, harshly strigillose above, strigillose beneath, on petioles 5 to 17 mm. long; heads 3 to 5.5 em. wide, radiate, yellow, several or numerous in an open panicle; involucre 3-seriate, 4 to 5.5 mm. high, of triangular- ovate to oval indurate phyllaries; rays neutral; achenes compressed, 2-winged; pappus of 2 slender awns and about 10 basally united squamellae. 1573 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 75. VERBESINA L. Sp. Pl. 901. 1753. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Synopsis of the genus Verbesina, with an analytical key to the species, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 534-566. 1899. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads radiate or discoid, solitary to numerous and panicled, usually yellow, sometimes orange -or white; involucre usually about 2-seriate, the phyllaries usually unequal and more or less herba- ceous; rays usually fertile; achenes strongly compressed, 2-winged; pappus of 2 awns, very rarely wanting. Rays white or none. Rays none. Stem winged; heads many-flowered. Leaves dentate, the larger usually sinuately lobed or pinnatifid; phyl- laries ovate to linear-lanceolate__...________________ 1. V. crocata. Leaves serrulate, ovate; phyllaries ovate to oblong__-__- 2. V. ovatifolia. Stem wingless; heads 7 to 9-flowered,. Leaves lance-oblong._.....______________. 59. V. pauciflora. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate......_.______________- 60. V. oligantha. Rays present, white. Stem densely puberulous or subtomentose-pubescent. Stem winged nearly or quite to the inflorescence____56. V. turbacensis. Stem wingless. Leaves dentate; heads few; phyllaries broadly ovate. 27. V. auriculata. Leaves sinuate-lobed; heads numerous; phyllaries linear to oblanceolate. 55. V. sublobata. Stem glabrous or sparsely puberulous, usually glaucous or glaucescent. Internodes winged throughout._-._.___________._.____ 57. V. hypsela. Internodes and whole stem wingless______________ 58. V. gigantoides. Rays present, yellow. Lamina of the rays 1 to 2.5 em. long. Leaf bases decurrent, forming wings on the stem. Larger leaves sinuately 3-lobed; disk about 2 em. thick ..__ 5. V. klattii. Leaves unlobed; disk much smaller. Leaves very finely and closely canescent beneath with appressed hairs. 19. V. neriifolia. Leaves rather loosely griseous- or canescent-tomentose or merely puberulent beneath. Leaves sessile. Leaves coarsely dentate...___________.___- 14. V. coahuilensis. Leaves subentire___._________________.____. 21. V. petrophila. Leaves short-petioled. Leaves canescently pilose-tomentose beneath___20. V. gracilipes. Leaves green and merely puberulent beneath__22. V. liebmannii. Leaf bases not decurrent, the stem wingless. Leaves canescent-tomentose or finely canescent-sericeous beneath. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul._-..._________________ 15. V. hypoleuca. Leaves petioled, not amplexicaul. Leaves densely pilose-tomentose beneath. _______ 20. V. gracilipes. Leaves not densely pilose-tomentose beneath. Leaves very finely and densely canescent-sericeous beneath; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high.-_________ | 18. V. hypoglauca. Leaves not densely canescent-sericeous beneath; involucre 5 to 8 mm. high. Heads long-peduncled; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long_.-.-....---_-_ 2. 12. V. chihuahuensis. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1573 Heads on peduncles 2 em. long or less; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, widest near middle, about 10 cm. long.._17. V. intermissa. Leaves green or griseous-pubescent beneath. Leaves lanceolate to oval-ovate, narrowed to both ends from near the middle. Leaves sessile, entire.......------------------- 21. V. petrophila. Leaves petioled, serrate or serrulate. Leaves griseously subtomentose-pilose beneath; disk in anthesis about twice as high as thick_.--------------- 16. V. sororia. Leaves merely puberulous, strigillose, or strigose beneath; disk in anthesis as thick or thicker than high. Involucre 7 to 8 mm. high__-..------------ 17. V. intermissa. Involucre 3 to 5 mm. high.____.---------- 22. V. liebmannii. Leaves chiefly ovate, broad at base or only shortly cuneate. Leaves sessile or subsessile, or on short, broadly winged, clasping petioles. Leaves on broadly winged auriculate-clasping petioles. 7. V. palmeri. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Leaves chiefly obovate; disk about 1 cm. thick. 21. V. petrophila. Leaves ovate; disk more than 1 em. thick. Leaves entire or subentire__..__-_.------------ 6. V. dissita. Leaves coarsely toothed_-__------------ 10. V. peninsularis. Leaves slender-petioled. Leaves dull green, not conspicuously reticulate; phyllaries linear to lanceolate__......_.--.---------- 12. V. chihuahuensis. Leaves bright green, conspicuously reticulate on both — sides; phyllaries oval to obovate_-__--------------- 13. V. hastata. Lamina of the rays less than 1 cm. long. A. Stem more or less winged, or else leaves auriculate at base. Stem wingless; leaves auriculate at base. Leaves entire or subentire, canescent-tomentose beneath, lanceolate. 25. V. potosina. Leaves serrate or serrulate, usually green beneath. Leaves abruptly contracted into broadly winged auriculate-am- plexicaul petioles_.....----------------------- 7. V. palmeri. Leaves gradually narrowed to base. Leaves distinctly petioled, the petioles with deciduous auricles at base. Leaves strigillose to pilose beneath, chiefly on the veins; pales with spreading or reflexed cuspidate tips. 22. V. liebmannii. Leaves tomentose-pilosulous beneath; pales blunt or with short erect mucros___--.._-.---------------- 31. V. oncophora. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Leaves distinctly pubescent or tomentose beneath. Leaves 2.5 to 15 cm. long, 0.8 to 2.5 cm. wide. Leaves about 4 cm. long, acute__.------ 15. V. hypoleuca. Leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, attenuate-_--_---- 26. V. oreopola. Leaves 18 to 27.5 cm. long, 5 to 11 cm. wide. 27. V. auriculata. Leaves glabrous or sparsely strigillose on the costa beneath. Leaves oblong, 3.7 to 5 em. wide._---------- 23. V. nelsonii. Leaves lanceolate, 1 to 1.8 em. wide__--_-- 24. V. otophylla. 1574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Stem winged. Leaves densely silky-tomentose beneath___...___._____ 30. V. mollis. Leaves not silky-tomentose beneath. : Leaves alternate. Leaves tomentose or tomentulose beneath. Leaves unlobed______. =e 28. V. acapulcensis. Leaves palmately 3-lobed_______..________- 51. V. fastigiata. Leaves subglabrous to puberulent beneath. Involucre 2 mm. high; stem densely spreading-hispidulous. 47. V. cymbipalea. Involucre 3 to 6 mm. high; stem usually strigillose or erectish- hispidulous. Leaves oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3.7 to 5 em. wide. 23. V. nelsonii. Leaves much smaller. Petioles 2 to 15 mm. long; leaves usually rhombic-ovate. 22. V. liebmannii. Petioles very short or none; leaves lanceolate or lance- oblong__-__...-. 2-2 32. V. virgata. Leaves chiefly opposite. Leaves unlobed; phyllaries mostly squarrose-tipped; disk 6 to 10 mm. thick or more. Leaves strigillose beneath_______._______ 29. V. xanthochlora. Leaves hispidulous or pilosulous beneath. Leaves chiefly ovate; disk in anthesis 1 em. thick or more. 3. V. sphaerocephala. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; disk in anthesis about 6 mm. thick. 4. V. langlassei. Leaves usually 3-lobed or pinnatifid; phyllaries mostly appressed; disk 3 to 6 mm. thick. Stem broadly winged; phyllaries mostly acute or acuminate. 52. V. greenmani. Stem narrowly winged; phyllaries obtuse. 53. V. montanoifolia. AA. Stem wingless; leaves not auriculate at base. B. Leaves chiefly opposite. Leaves bright green, shining at least above, subcoriaceous. Young branches white-tomentose______________ 8. V. oligocephala. Young branches not tomentose______.___________. 13. V. hastata. Leaves usually dull green, not subcoriaceous. Leaves trilobate; heads subcylindric in anthesis..._54. V. trilobata. Leaves not trilobate; heads broader. Leaves lance-oblong, about 4 times as long as wide, griseous or canescent beneath. Leaves finely canescent-strigillose beneath_.18. V. hypoglauca. Leaves tomentose or tomentulose beneath. Leaves tomentulose and prominently reticulate beneath. 36. V. grayii. Leaves tomentose and not prominently reticulate beneath. 37. V. molinaria. Leaves chiefly ovate or lance-ovate, usually much less than 4 times as long as wide. Heads solitary or few, on usually elongate peduncles. Branchlets white-tomentose at apex_...__8. V. oligocephala. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1575 Branchlets not white-tomentose at apex. Leaves hirsute with subappressed hairs. .----- 11. V. erosa. Leaves scabrous-hispidulous. Leaves opposite essentially throughout, serrate. 9. V. leptochaeta. Leaves alternate above, coarsely toothed. 10. V. peninsularis. Heads usually numerous, in close cymes or panicles. Heads subcylindric when young. Heads 2 to 4; rays about 12______---- 8. V. oligocephala. Heads 4 to 10; rays about 2____--------- 85. V. luisana. Heads campanulate or subglobose. Leaves serrate, dentate, or laciniate-lobed, usually densely pubescent beneath. -_--.------------- 83. V. serrata. Leaves serrulate, green and sparsely pubescent beneath. 34. V. resinosa. BB. Leaves alternate. Leaves very densely and finely silvery-strigillose beneath. 42. V. hypargyrea. Leaves not silvery-strigillose beneath. Heads larger, in fruit 1 to 1.5 em. thick. Leaves green and essentially glabrous beneath, except for the strigose or strigillose costa and veins -_..43. V. persicifolia. Leaves more or less pubescent on the surface as well as the veins beneath. Involucre 7 to 10 mm. high. Leaves canescent-tomentose beneath_ - --- 88. V. robinsonii. Leaves green and finely hispidulous beneath. 10. V. peninsularis. Involucre 6 mm. high or less (rarely higher in V. olivacea). Fruiting pales with cuspidate, mostly recurved tips. Leaves green and not subtomentose beneath. 22. V. liebmannii. Leaves cinerascently subtomentose beneath. 40. V. cinerascens. Fruiting pales rarely cuspidate, not recurved at tip. Leaves sessile, obovate-lanceolate; pales acute; pedicels thick and very short__-------------- _41. V. crassipes. Leaves usually petioled, lanceolate to lance-oblong; pales acute or obtuse; pedicels mostly slender, not very short. Pales and phyllaries obtuse or merely acutish; involucre 5 to 7.5 mm. high___------------- 44. V. olivacea. Pales abruptly short-pointed; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high. Leaves 1 to 2.5 em. wide___-------- 26. V. oreopola. Leaves 3.2 to 6 cm. wide__..----- 39. V. chiapensis. Heads smaller, in fruit usually 5 to 7 mm. thick. Tips of the pales recurved, at least in fruit. Branches glabrous; leaves glabrescent beneath. 45. V. seemannii. Branches densely hispidulous or pilosulous; leaves rather densely hispidulous or pilosulous beneath. Leaves cinerascently subtomentose-pilosulous beneath. 40. V. cinerascens. 1576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves hispidulous beneath. Leaves lanceolate, 1.4 to 2.2 em. wide; petioles 1 to 2 mm. (0) 1) i rere 46. V. angustifolia. Leaves lance-elliptic, 1.5 to 4 em. wide; petioles 3 to 6 mm. IOUS eee eee 47. V. cymbipalea. Tips of the pales not recurved. Leaves strigillose beneath..---..._._.._______ 50. V. ortegae. Leaves hispidulous or pilosulous beneath. Leaves very rough above; pedicels spreading-pubescent. 48. V. abscondita. Leaves smooth or smoothish above; pedicels apressed-pubes- cent____-_-2 49. V. perymenioides. 1. Verbesina crocata (Cav.) Less.; DC. Prodr. 5: 617. 1836. Bidens crocata Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 66. pl. 99. 1791. Spilanthes crocata Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 39-40: pl. 1627. 1814. Platypteris crocata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 201. 1820. Tepic to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, sometimes scandent, 2 to 5 meters high, hispidulous or hirsutulous ; stems with 4 herbaceous wings; leaves opposite, ovate in outline, the lower or sometimes all deeply pinnatifid, usually 10 to 23 em. long, the petioles broadly winged; heads few to numerous, long-peduncled, orange-red, 1.5 to 3 em. thick; involucre graduate. ‘“‘ Capitaneja,”’ “nahuitiput” (Urbina). The plant is reported to be used a remedy for wounds. 2. Verbesina ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 15. 1883. Known only from the type locality, Chiapas. Suffrutescent (?), 2.6 to 3.3 meters high, scabrous; leaves ovate, acute, subses- sile, denticulate; heads subeymose, short-peduneled, about 1.2 em. high; phyl- laries small, ovate or oblong, appressed. (Description compiled.) _ 3. Verbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray in S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 22: 428. 1887. Jalisco and Colima; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Suffrutescent, 2 meters high, hispidulous to pilosulous; stem narrowly 4-winged ; leaves opposite, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 7.5 to 14.5 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, subsessile, serrate, rough above, hispidulous or pilosulous beneath; heads few at apex of stem and branches, short-pediceled; involucre 7 to 11 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries mostly oval or oblong, all but the inner- most with blunt squarrose herbaceous tips. 4. Verbesina langlassei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 621. 1909. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero. Similar to V. sphaerocephala; leaves lance-oblong, 8 to 13 em. long, 2.5 to 3.2 em. wide; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled at tips of stem and branches; involucre about 6 mm. high, the outer phyllaries broadly obovate, herbaceous, scarcely squarrose. 5. Verbesina klattii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 538. 1899. Verbesina heterophylla Klatt, “Arbeit. Bot. Mus. Hamb. 1892-93: 3. 1893.” Not V. heterophylla A. Gray, 1883. Known only from the type locality, mountains near PAtzcuaro, Michoacan. Suffrutescent, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high, hirsutulous; stem rather broadly winged; leaves alternate, ovate or rhombic-ovate in outline, 10 to 22 em. long (including the broadly winged petiole), 4 to 11 em. wide, the larger 3-lobed, denticulate, rough above; heads few, short-pediceled, large; involucre 1 to 1.2 em. high, the phyllaries ovate to suborbicular, obtuse or obtusish, herbaceous, subequal; rays about 1.4 em. long. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1577 6. Verbesina dissita A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 299. 1885. Northern Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay. Suffrutescent; stem sparsely strigillose or hispidulous, rather remotely leafy; leaves opposite below, alternate above, ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, acute, at least the upper sessile and auriculate-clasping at base, entire or remotely denticulate; heads several, large, the disk about 2 cm. wide, the pedicels 2 to 12.5 cm. long; involuecre about 1 em. high, graduate, the phyllaries oblong or obovate, obtuse or rounded, appressed; rays 1.2 to 2 cm. long. 7. Verbesina palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 56. 1889. Known only from the type locality, Los Angeles Bay, Baja California. Suffruticose, about 1.3 meters high, forming large clumps, hispid-scabrous throughout with mostly deciduous spreading hairs with persistent tuberculate bases; leaves opposite; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, very broadly winged, auricu- late-clasping; blades deltoid-ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.8 wide, coarsely dentate; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 5.5 em. long; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, 2-seriate, the phyllaries oblong, obtuse or rounded, with somewhat squarrose herbaceous tips; rays 6 to 10 mm. long. 8. Verbesina oligocephala I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1200. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Agua Verde Bay, Baja California. Shrub about 1 meter high; branchlets white-tomentose; leaves opposite; petioles winged, 5 to 8 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute, cuneate or rounded at base, light green, tuberculate-scabrous; heads 2 to 4in a terminal cyme hidden by the leaves, the pedicels 4 to 11 mm. long; involucre 3+04 mm. high, the phyllaries 2-seriate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, with spreading herbaceous tips; rays orange-yellow, about 6 mm. long. (Description compiled.) 9. Verbesina leptochaeta A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886. Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua. Shrubby, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves opposite, those of the stem deltoid, 10 to 12.5 em. long, serrate, hispidulous-seabrous, abruptly narrowed into a long narrowly winged petiole; heads subsolitary, rather large; outer phyllaries nar- rowly oblong, spreading, herbaceous; rays small. (Description compiled.) 10. Verbesina peninsularis Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 58. 1924. Known only from the type locality, 20 miles east of San Ignacio, Baja Cali- fornia. Suffrutescent or fruticose; stem finely hispidulous-pilosulous; leaves opposite below, alternate above; blades triangular-ovate, 9 to 11 em. long, 4.5 to 5.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneately decurrent to the base of the short petiole, coarsely toothed, somewhat hastate-lobed at base, green and hispidulous on both sides, the hairs especially of the upper surface tuberculate-based; heads about 10, the pedicels 1 to 8 em. long; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries herbaceous, oblong-ovate, acutish to obtuse, erect; rays about 1 em. long. 11. Verbesina erosa T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 146. 1891. Baja California; type from Sierra de San Francisquito. Suffrutescent; stem spreading-hirsute or hirsutulous; leaves opposite below, alternate above, ovate or lance-ovate, the larger 8 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, subsessile or on winged petioles 1.8 cm. long or less, sharply ser- rate or the upper subentire, rough above, hirsute or hirsute-pilose with antrorse hairs beneath; heads few, the pedicels 1 to 8 cm. long; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly lanceolate or linear, acute or acuminate. 12. Verbesina chihuahuensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886. Verbesina parrasana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 191. 1911. Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango; type from Santa Eulalia Moun- tains, near Chihuahua. 1578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrubby; stem and leaves hispidulous or spreading-pilosulous, sometimes sub- sericeously appressed-pilose; leaves opposite below, alternate above; petioles narrowly winged, 0.5 to 2 cm. long; blades triangular-ovate or ovate, sometimes lanceolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, 0.8 to 3.5 em. wide, acute, cuneate to subcordate at base, serrate to coarsely dentate, rarely entire; heads solitary or several, long- peduncled; involucre 5 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries subequal, linear or lanceo- late, acutish to acuminate, somewhat loose; rays usually 1 to 1.5 em. long. 13. Verbesina hastata Kellogg; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 140. 1885. Lipochaeta hastata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 106. f. 31. 1863. Verbesina venosa Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 110. 1882. Encelia cedrosensis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 17. 1890. Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California. Shrub; branchlets strigillose; leaves chiefly opposite; petioles narrowly winged, 2 to 15 mm. long; blades rhombic-ovate or ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.8 to 5.7 cm. wide, obtuse to acuminate, short-cuneate to subcordate at base, coarsely toothed or sometimes merely hastate-lobed at base, bright green, shining above, reticulate on both sides, strigillose or antrorse-hispidulous; heads few or several; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries ovate, obovate, or oblong, obtuse, mostly herbaceous. 14, Verbesina coahuilensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 14. 1883. Coahuila and Nuevo Leén: type collected east of Saltillo, Coahuila. Suffrutescent (?), low, subsimple: stem spreading-hirsute and sessile-glandular; leaves alternate, or opposite below, lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10 em. long, 1 to 2.3 em. wide, acutish to acuminate, sessile, decurrent, coarsely and irregularly dentate, green and rough above, griseously subtomentose-pilose beneath; heads solitary or few, pedunculate; involucre about 8 mm. high, the phyllaries slightly graduate, linear, acutish to acuminate, hirsute; rays 1 to 1.7 em. long. 14a. Verbesina coahuilensis viridior Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 546. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Carneros Pass, Coahuila. Lower surface of the leaves green and merely scabrous-puberulent. 15. Verbesina hypoleuca A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879. Known only from the type locality, near city of San Luis Potost. Suffrutescent, about 60 em. high, simple; stem cinereous-puberulous; lowest leaves opposite, the others alternate, lance-oblong or obovate-oblong, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, 0.8 to 1.8 cm. wide, dentate, sessile, auriculate-clasping, velvety- puberulous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; heads few, slender-pediceled; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm. long; rays about 6 mm. long. 16. Verbesina sororia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879. San Luis Potos{f; type from city of San Luis Potosf. Suffrutescent (2), tall; stem pilosulous, glabrate below; leaves opposite below or nearly throughout; petioles scarcely winged, 1 cm. long or less; blades lance- elliptic to oval-oblong, 8 to 17 em. long, 2 to 6.5 em. wide, acuminate at both ends, acutely serrate or serrulate, scarcely rough above, griseously subtomentose- pilose beneath; heads numerous, c¢ymose-panicled; disk in anthesis 1 to 1.2 em. high, 5 to 7 mm. thick; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries few, linear, acute or acutish; rays about 1.2 cm. long. 17. Verbesina intermissa Blake, nom. nov. Coreopsis liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887. Not Verbesina liébmannii Schultz Bip. 1887. Known only from the type locality, Pelado, Mexico. Probably shrubby; “stem hirtous”; leaves opposite; petioles about 3 to 8 mm. long; blades rhombic-ovate, 7 to 10 em. long, 3.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate to each end from near the middle, serrate or serrulate, above roughish, strigose STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1579 and strigillose, beneath rather densely griseous or subeanescent-strigillose and giand-dotted, glabrescent; heads 3 to 6, cymose or cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 2 em. long; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the outer phyllaries linear, acute, spreading; pales with short erectish points; rays 1.5 cm. long. Fragments of the type have been examined in the Gray Herbarium. 18. Verbesina hypoglauca Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887. Encelia conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 111. 1903. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Acalcingo. Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; branches appressed-puberulent; leaves opposite nearly throughout; petioles about 5 mm. long, naked; blades lance-oblong or elliptic, 4.5 to 9.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate at each end, callous- denticulate, green above, subsericeous-canescent beneath with very dense and short appressed hairs; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries the longer, linear to oblanceolate, canescent on back; rays 8 to 12 mm. long. 19. Verbesina neriifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 188. 1881. Chiapas. Similar to V. hypoglauca; stem with narrow herbaceous wings; leaves alternate, pubescent as in V. hypoglauca; heads few, short-pediceled, the pedicels usually winged; rays 1 to 1.3 em. long. 20. Verbesina gracilipes Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 269. 1904. Puebla; type from Tehuacan. Shrub; branches spreading-pubescent; leaves alternate; petioles 5 mm. long or less, often with auricles or decurrent wings at base; blades elliptic or obovate, 2.5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or obtusish, long-cuneate at base, green above, canescently tomentose-pilose beneath; heads 1 to 4, long-peduncled; involuere 5 to 7 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries herbaceous, obovate or ob- lanceolate, loose; rays 1 to 1.5 cm. long. 21. Verbesina petrophila T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 395. 1909. Puebla; type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto and San Luis Tultitlanapa. Shrub 0.5 to 1 meter high; branches tuberculate, often narrowly corky-winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate, chiefly obovate or elliptic, 3 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse, narrowed to the sessile base, entire, tuberculate- hispidulous, the hairs mostly deciduous; heads 1 to 5, the pedicels 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; involucre about 8 mm. high, the phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acuminate, loose; rays about 1 cm. long. 22. Verbesina liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887. Verbesina variabilis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 47. 1896. Chihuahua to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Estepa, Oaxaca. Shrubby, 1 to 1.5 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves chiefly alternate; petioles 2 to 15 mm. long, usually with corky auricles or decurrent wings at base; blades lanceolate to rhombie-ovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate or acute at both ends, serrate or serrulate, usually rough above, strigillose to pilose beneath chiefly on the veins; heads several or numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 3.8 em. long; involucre about 2-seriate, 3 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly ovate or oblong, obtuse or acutish; pales with short, cuspidate, spreading or reflexed tips; rays 7 to 12 mm. long. 23. Verbesina nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 46. 1896. Known only from the type locality, between Ayusinapa and Petatlin, Oaxaca. Herbaceous (?), stout; stem appressed-puberulous; internodes sometimes with a corky wing near summit; leaves oblong, 15 to 20 em. long, 3.7 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, auriculate-amplexicaul at base, crenate-serrate, practically glabrous; heads numerous, densely cymose-panicled; disk in fruit 8 to 10 mm. thick; involucre barely 2-seriate, 4 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong, obtusish; pales with spreading or reflexed cusps; rays 4 to 5 mm. long. 1580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 24. Verbesina otophylla Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 638. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Hacienda Buena Vista, 20 miles east of Abasolo, Tamaulipas. Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves alternate, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7.5 to 10.5 em. long, 1 to 1.3 em. wide, acuminate, sessile and narrowly auriculate- clasping at base, serrate, strigillose above, practically glabrous beneath; heads 5, cymose, the pedicels 6 to 20 mm. long; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, slightly graduate, the phyllaries oblong, obtuse to acutish, appressed; rays 4.5 mm. long. “Jara.’’ 25. Verbesina potosina Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 175. 1892. San Luis Potosf; type from Hacienda de Angostura. Suffrutescent (?); stem simple below the inflorescence, spreading-pilose, very leafy ; leaves alternate, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 5.5 to 16 cm. long, 8 to 20 mm, wide, acuminate, sessile and auriculate-clasping, entire or slightly denticulate, grayish green above, densely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads several or many, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 6.5 em. long; involucre about 6 mm. high, scarcely graduate, the phyllaries lanceolate, acuminate; rays about 2 mm. long. 26. Verbesina oreopola Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 550. 1899. Known only from the type locality, San Luis Potosf. Shrub; branchlets hirsutulous; leaves alternate, lanceolate or narrowly lance- oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, attenuate, narrowed to the sessile, usually biauriculate base, smoothish above, rather sparsely pilosulous to canes- cent-tomentose beneath, obscurely serrulate; heads several in a flattish cymose panicle; involucre 4 mm. high, about 2-seriate, the phyllaries ovate or oblong- ovate, obtusish; pales with short, erect or incurved mucros; rays 5 mm. long. 27. Verbesina auriculata DC. Prodr. 5: 617. 1836. Oaxaca; type from Tehuantepec. Shrubby; stem finely velvety; leaves alternate, elliptic-oval, 18 to 27.5 em. long, 6 to 11 cm. wide, acuminate, attenuate to the obtusely auriculate sessile base, dentate, scabrous above, sordid-tomentulose beneath; heads numerous, cymose, with small rays; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the phyllaries broadly ovate, acute or obtuse; pales subulate-tipped, stiff, nearly glabrous. 28. Verbesina acapulcensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 551. 1899, Known only from the type locality, vicinity of Acapuleo, Guerrero. Stem puberulent, winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate; petioles short, winged; blades ovate or oval-ovate, 10 to 22 em. long, 2.5 to 12 em. wide, acuminate at each end, callous-denticulate, scabrous above, sordidly subto- mentose-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous, short-pediceled; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong-ovate, acute; rays about 4 mm. long. 29. Verbesina xanthochlora Robins. & Greenm. Proc, Amer. Acad. 34: 551. 1899. : Known only from the type locality, Atlixco, Puebla. Herb (?); stem canescent-puberulent, narrowly winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves mostly opposite, ovate-oblong, about 12 em. long, 5 em. wide, obtuse, subentire or dentate-serrate, green on both sides, strigillose; heads short- pediceled, cymose; involuecre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries suborbicular, with obtuse or rounded, squarrose, herbaceous tips; rays about 5 mm. long. 30. Verbesina mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 203. 1820. Verbesina sericea Kunth & Bouché, “Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1848: 14. 1848;”’ Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 11: 228. 1849. Vernonia exaltata Hort.; Kunth & Bouché, Ann. Sci. Nat. III, Bot. 11: 228. 1849, as synonym. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1581 Vernonia karwinskiana Hort.; Kunth & Bouché, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 11: 228. 1849, assynonym. Not Vernonia karvinskiana DC. 1836. Oaxaca; type collected between Guanajuato and Villalpando. Shrubby; stem densely subtomentose-pilose, narrowly winged; leaves alternate, elliptic to ovate, 5 to 9.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, acute, sessile, entire or callous-denticulate, densely and rather softly pubescent but green or greenish above, densely and canescently silky-tomentose beneath; heads several or numer- ous, cymose-panicled; pales with erect acuminate tips; rays about 2 mm. long. ‘“‘Teh-peyotl” (Reko). 31. Verbesina oncophora Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 109. 1893. Verbésina virgata conyzoides DC. Prodr. 5: 616. 1836. Verbesina conyzoides Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 616. 1836, as synonym. Not V. conyzoides ‘‘Trew, 1769.” Mexico and Morelos; type from Sierra de las Cruces, State of Mexico. Shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high; stem cinereous-puberulent; leaves alternate, rarely partly opposite; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, naked, bearing at base a pair of corky, usually deciduous auricles; blades elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, 6 to 18 em. long, 2.5 to 6.3 em. wide, acute or acuminate at each end, serrulate, rough above, cinereously or subcanescently tomentose-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous, cymose-panicled, short-pediceled; involucre 2.5 to 3.5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or oblong, obtuse to acute; pales blunt or with short erect mucros; rays about 3 mm. long. 32. Verbesina virgata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 38. pl. 275. 1795. Verbesina salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 205. 1820. Zacatecas to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, up to 2.5 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves sessile or short- petioled, at base usually with corky auricles or decurrent on the stem, the blades lanceolate or lance-oblong, 6 to 16 cm. long, 1 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, usually rounded at base, serrate or serrulate, smooth or smoothish above, sparsely puberulous or pubescent beneath; heads numerous, in a usually concave panicle; involucre about 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to acuminate; pales with recurved cusps; rays 4 to 6 mm. (rarely 1 cm.) long. 33. Verbesina serrata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 7. pl. 214. 1795. Durango to Jalisco and Hidalgo; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; stem sparsely or densely pubescent; leaves opposite, very rarely alternate or ternate; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate or lance- ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate to rounded at base, sharply and usually coarsely toothed, green and rough above, beneath paler, densely cinereous-pilose or hirsute-pilose and usually prominently reticulate; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, subequal, the phyllaries mostly oblong or obovate, herbaceous, obtuse; pales acute, erect- tipped; rays about 5 mm, long. ‘Palo cenizo’”’ (Michoacén); “vara blanca” (Guanajuato). 33a. Verbesina serrata pringlei (Robinson) Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 553. 1899. Verbesina pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 175. 1892. Jalisco and Michoacdn; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Similar; leaves triangular-ovate in outline, coarsely incised-toothed or lobed. 383b. Verbesina serrata amphichlora Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 553. 1899. Known only from the type locality, between Ramos and Inde, Durango. Leaves lance-ovate, finely appressed-puberulent and bright green on both sides. 1582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 34. Verbesina resinosa Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887. Known only from the type locality, Yavesia, Oaxaca. Branchlets pubescent, resiniferous; leaves opposite; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; blades oblong, 7.5 cm, long, 2.5 em. wide, serrulate, glabrous above, beneath paler, pilose along the veins, reticulate-venose; heads cymose-panicled; phyl- laries 2-seriate, obtuse, pilose above and ciliate; rays 6. (Description compiled.) 35. Verbesina luisana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 259. 1908. Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa. Sulfrutescent; branchlets pilosulous; leaves opposite; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, sometimes narrowly winged; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 7 em. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, serrate, rough above, griseous-pilosulous or hispidulous (the hairs with glandular-tuberculate bases) and reticulate beneath; heads few to rather humerous, in somewhat umbelliform cymes or cymose panicles, subcylindrie in anthesis; involuere 3 to 4 mm. high, 2-seriate, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse to acutish; rays about 2, about 2 mm. long. 36. Verbesina grayii (Schultz Bip.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 188. 1881, as V. grayi. Zexmenia grayii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 305. 1856. Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northern Mexico. Suffruticulose, pubescent; leaves opposite; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; blades ovate-lanceolate, 6.5 to 9 em. long, 1.4 to 2 em. wide, attenuate at each end, rough above, beneath pale, tomentulose, and prominently reticulate; heads 1 to 3, about equaling the pedicels; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries linear- lanceolate, acute or acuminate (obtuse according to Robinson & Greenman); rays 4mm. long. (Description compiled.) 37. Verbesina molinaria Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 553. 1899. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca. Shrub 2.5 to 5 meters high; stem cinereous-puberulous; leaves chiefly opposite; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long; blades elliptice-oblong, 8 to 15.5 em. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, acuminate at each end, serrulate or serrate, green and rough above, densely and cinereously pilose-tomentose beneath; heads rather small, numerous, cymose-panicled, exceeded by the leaves; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong to lance-ovate, acutish to acuminate; pales with short erectish mucros; rays about 2 mm. long. 38. Verbesina robinsonii (Klatt) Fernald; Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 554. 1899. Otopappus alternifolius Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 165. 1891. Olopappus robinsonié Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 362. 1894. Verbesina alternifolia Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 235. 1915. Not V. alternifolia Britton, 1893. San Luis Potosf; type from San José Pass. Shrubby (?); stem cinereous-pilosulous; leaves alternate; petioles 5 to 7 mm. long; blades oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, acuminate at each end, serrate or serrulate, green and searcely rough above, cinereous-to- mentose beneath; heads several, in fruit 1.2 to 1.5 em. thick, in a flattish cymose panicle, the pedicels 0.8 to 5 em. long; involucre 7 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries lanceolate-linear or linear, herbaceous, acute or acutish; rays about 4 mm. long. 39. Verbesina chiapensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 554. 1899. Known only from the type locality, near Tumbalé, Chiapas. Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves alternate; petioles about 4mm. long; blades lance-oblong, 15 to 20 em. long, 3.2 to 6 cm. wide, attenuate, acuminate at base, serrulate, subglabrous above, green and finely appressed-puberulent beneath; STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1583 heads numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 4 cm. long; disk in fruit 1.2 em. thick; involucre 2-seriate, 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse to acutish; rays about 8 mm. long. 40. Verbesina cinerascens Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 555. 1899. Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; branchlets pilosulous; leaves alternate, short- petioled, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 5.5 to 13 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate at each end, serrulate or serrate, rough above, cinerascently pilosulous beneath; heads rather numerous, in fastigiate cymose panicles, the pedicels 3 em. long or less; disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thick; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or oblong-ovate, acute; pales in fruit with recurved mucros; rays 3 to8 mm. long. 41. Verbesina crassipes Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 555. 1899. Oaxaca; type from Cafiada Santa Maria. Shrub; branches scabrous-tomentose; leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-lanceo- late, 6 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above, beneath green and tomentulose (at least on the veins) and at length scabrous; heads numerous, densely cymose, the pedicels thick and short; disk in fruit 1.5 em. thick; phyllaries ovate-oblong to obovate, obtuse to acute, appressed- pubescent; pales acute; rays 8 to 9 mm. long. (Description compiled.) 42. Verbesina hypargyrea Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 556. 1899. Chiapas; type collected between Hacienda Juncana and San Vicente. Guate- mala. Shrub or tree; branches cinereous-puberulent, glabrate; leaves alternate, ses- sile or petioled, lance-oblong or lanceolate, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acute or acuminate, at base acuminate, crenate-serrate, green and smooth above, densely silvery-strigillose beneath; heads numerous, panicled, the pedicels mostly about 1 cm. long or less; disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thick; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or oblong, obtuse or the inner acutish; pales erect-mucronate; rays about 4 mm. long. 43. Verbesina persicifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 614. 1836. Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos{, and Veracruz; type collected between Santander and Victoria, Tamaulipas. Shrubby; branches sparsely strigillose; leaves alternate; petioles 7 to 12 mm. long; blades lance-elliptic to oblong-ovate, 7 to 14 cm. long, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acuminate at each end, serrate or serrulate, green and smoothish above, green and glabrous beneath except for the sparsely strigillose costa and chief veins; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 6 em. long; disk in fruit 1 to 1.3 cm. thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly narrow- oblong and obtuse, ciliolate, otherwise nearly glabrous; pales obtuse or shortly erect-mucronate; rays about 5 mm. long. 44. Verbesina olivacea Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 93. 1884. Silphium arborescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Silphium no. 4. 1768. Otopappus olivaceus Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 362. 1894. Verbesina arborescens Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 57. 1915. Not V. arborescens Gémez, 1890. Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda defla Laguna, Vera- cruz. Shrub 3.5 to 4 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves alternate; petioles 4 to 12 mm. long; blades lance-oblong, ovate-oblong, or subrhombic-ovate, 5 to 11.5 cm. long, 2.3 to 4.3 cm. wide, obtuse to acuminate, acuminate at base, serrate or 57020—26——18 1584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM serrulate, rough above, sordidly subtomentose-pilosulous beneath; heads rather numerous, ¢ymose or cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 8.5 em. long; disk in fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. thick; involucre 5 to 7.5 mm. high, the phyllaries about 3-seriate, slightly graduate, oblong, obtuse; pales obtuse or acutish; rays about 6 mm. long. 45. Verbesina seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856. Chihuahua; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico. Shrubby; branches glabrous; leaves alternate; petioles 6 mm. long; blades oblong-lanceolate, 10 em. long, 2.5 cm. wide, attenuate at each end, serrate, rough above, glabrescent beneath; heads cymose; involucre 2-seriate, 2mm. high, the phyllaries ovate-oblong, obtuse; pales with reflexed mucro; rays 6 to 8 mm. long. (Description compiled.) 46. Verbesina angustifolia (Benth.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 199. 1915. Salmea angustifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 117. 1844. Known only from the type locality, west coast of Mexico. Shrub; branches densely spreading-hispidulous; leaves alternate; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 5.5 to 8.5 cm. long, 1.4 to 2.2 cm. wide, acute to acuminate at each end, obscurely serrulate, harsh above, rather densely tuber- culate-hispidulous beneath; heads several, exceeded by the leaves, the disk 9.5 mm. wide in fruit; involucre 2-seriate, about 1.5 mm. high, the phyllaries broadly ovate, obtuse, nearly glabrous; pales with recurved tip; rays not seen. 47. Verbesina cymbipalea Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 638. 1924. Known only from the type locality, Tepic, Tepic. Probably shrubby; stem naked or narrowly winged, densely spreading-hispidu- lous; leaves alternate; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long; blades lance-elliptic, 7 to 16 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate at each end, serrulate, rough above, evenly hispidulous beneath; heads numerous, panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 3 em. long; disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thick; involucre 2-seriate, 2 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong or oval, obtuse; pales with reflexed tip; rays 3 mm. long. 48. Verbesina abscondita Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 93. 1884. Verbesina smithii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 82: 46. 1896. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala. Shrub, up to 5 meters high; branches pilosulous to hispidulous with spreading hairs; leaves alternate; petioles 2 to 8 mm. long; blades elliptic to rhombic-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide, acute to acuminate at each end, serrate or ser- rulate, very rough and in age rugose above, beneath densely and griseously or canescently subtomentose-pilosulous or hispidulous; heads numerous, cymose- panicled, the pedicels usually less than 1 em. long; disk in fruit about 7 mm. thick; involucre about 3 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to acutish; pales straight- tipped; rays about 2.5 mm. long. 49. Verbesina perymenioides Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 143. 1887. Oaxaca; type from Yavesia. Shrub 2 to 5 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; leaves alternate; petioles 5 to 15 mm. long; blades elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 7.5 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 cm. wide, acuminate at each end, serrate or serrulate, smooth above, sparsely or rather densely and loosely pilosulous beneath; inflorescence much as in V. abscondita, but the pedicels strigillose, usually about 1 em. long. 50. Verbesina ortegae Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 191. 1919. Known only from the type locality, San Ignacio, Sinaloa. Shrubby; branches strigillose; leaves like those of V. perymenioides, but sparsely strigillose beneath; panicles as in V. perymenioides. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1585 51. Verbesina fastigiata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 558. 1899. Mexico, without definite locality. Tomentulose, the young parts white-woolly; stem rather broadly winged; leaves alternate; petioles winged; blades palmately 3-lobed, 8 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 14 cm. wide, scabrid above, loosely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads numerous, in flattish fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre about 3-seriate, the phyllaries narrow-ovate, acute; pales erect-tipped; rays small. (Description compiled.) 52. Verbesina greenmani Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 265. 1907. Verbesina pinnatifida Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 67. pl. 100. 1791. Not V. pinnatifida Swartz, 1788. Western Mexico, from Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Shrubby, up to 6 meters high; stem pubescent to nearly glabrous, rather broadly winged; leaves opposite, large, mostly 15 to 32 em. long (including the broadly winged petiole), 7 to 19 cm. wide, ovate in outline, coarsely 3-lobed to pinnatifid, rough above, green or griseous beneath; heads numerous, in fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre about 3.5 mm. high; rays about 3 mm. long. ‘‘Capitana,”’ “huichin’’? (Ramirez). 53. Verbesina montanoifolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 559. 1899. Verbesina montanoifolia leptopoda Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad, 48: 40. 1907. Michoacan; type from Padtzcuaro. Shrubby, up to 5 meters high; stem narrowly 4-winged, puberulous; leaves opposite; petioles broadly or narrowly winged at least above, 1 to 3 cm. long; blades broadly ovate in outline, 4.5 to 16 cm. long, 3 to 13 cm. wide, sinuately 3 or 5-lobed or the upper unlobed, serrate, rough above, beneath hispidulous or pilosulous and densely reticulate; heads numerous, in fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre about 3 mm. high; rays 3 to 6 mm. long. 54. Verbesina trilobata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 46. 1896. Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban. Shrubby, 1.6 to 3.3 meters high; stem wingless, nearly or quite glabrous; leaves opposite; petioles winged at least above, about 2 cm. long; blades rhombic-ovate in outline, 8 to 12 cm. long, about 4.5 em. wide, 3-lobed, serrulate, rough above, griseous-hispidulous or .hirsute beneath, not prominently reticulate; heads in fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly linear-lanceolate, acutish; rays 4 to 8 mm. long. 55. Verbesina sublobata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 76. 1841. Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Sunil. Shrub about 1.5 meters high; stem densely and sordidly subtomentose-pilose, wingless; leaves alternate, ovate in outline, up to 22 cm. long (including the broadly winged petiole), 14 cm. wide, sinuately lobed, callous-denticulate, rough above, sordidly pilose-tomentose beneath; heads numerous, in large rounded panicles; involucre about 3 mm. high, the phyllaries linear to oblanceolate, acuminate; rays white, about 2 mm. long; achenes rather narrowly winged. 56. Verbesina turbacensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 203. 1820. Verbesina verbascifolia Walp. Bot. Zeit. 9: 63. 1851. Verbesina nicaraguensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 97. 1852. Verbesina microcephala Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 98. 1852. Michoacan or Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica; Colombia and Venezuela; type from Turbaco, Colombia. 1586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 6.5 meters high; branches densely sordid- puberulous or tomentose, winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate, ovate or rhombic in outline, 12 to 38 em. long (including the broadly winged petiole), repand-toothed to pinnatifid, rough above, griseous- or cinereous- puberulous to subtomentose beneath; heads small, very numerous in large fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre 1.5 to 3 mm. high; rays white, 2 to 4 mm. long. ‘Camaliote,” “chimaliote,” ‘chimaliote blanco’? (El Salvador). 57. Verbesina hypsela Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 269. 1904. Chiapas. Herbaceous (?), tall; stem glabrous, purplish, winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 7 to 18 em. wide, deeply pinnatifid (the lobes 13 to 15), above very smooth, beneath thinly appressed-pubescent; heads small, very numerous in a large convex panicle; rays white, 8 mm. long. (Deseription compiled.) 58. Verbesina gigantoides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 213. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Yajalé6n, Chiapas. Herbaceous (?), tall; stem purplish, glabrous, wingless; leaves alternate; petioles wingless, 5 to 15.5 em. long; blades 15 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 25 cm. wide, pinnatifid (the lobes about 11), smooth above, softly pubescent beneath; heads small, numerous in a large convex panicle; rays white, 3.5 mm. long. 59. Verbesina pauciflora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 189. 1881. Verbesina cymosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 390. 1886. Sinaloa and Chihuahua; type from Cerro de Pinal, Sinaloa. Shrubby; stem wingless, hirsute-pilose, glabrescent; leaves opposite, short- petioled, lance-oblong, 12 to 20 cm. long, 1.8 to 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, scabrid above, cinereously subtomentose-hirsute beneath; heads very numerous, small, 9-flowered, yellow, discoid, in cymose panicles; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong, obtuse, hirsute. 60. Verbesina oligantha Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 214. 1911. Known only from the type locality, Jimaleota, Michoacan or Guerrero. Shrubby, 2 to 3 meters high; stem wingless, scabrid-puberulous; leaves oppo- site; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long; blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 12 to 16 em. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, green and harsh on both sides; heads numerous, in flat cymose panicles, 12 mm. high, 4 mm. thick, discoid, yellow, 7-flowered; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or oblong, obtuse to acute. d) 66 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. VERBESINA OAXACANA DC. Prodr. 5: 614. 1836. VERBESINA SARTORI Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887, as synonym. This name is published by Klatt with reference to a Mexican plant collected by Liebmann, but is referred as a synonym to V. leprosa Klatt, a species restricted to Martinique. VERBESINA TRIPLINERVIA Visiani, Nuov. Sagg. Accad. Sci. Padova 5: 264. 1840. Insufficiently described. 76. COREOPSIS L. Sp. Pl. 907. 1753. Herbs or shrubs; leaves chiefly opposite; heads (in ours) yellow, radiate, the rays pistillate or neutral; involucre double, the outer phyllaries herbaceous, 1-seriate, small, the inner about 2-seriate, equal, submembranous, usually brown- ish, vittate; achenes obcompressed, usually marginate or winged; pappus (in ours) of 2 smooth or antrorse-ciliate awns, or wanting. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1587 Rays pistillate, fertile. Leaves lanceolate to oval, unlobed or ternatisect. Heads numerous, cymose-panicled; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, unlobed or ternatisect_...._...---------------------- 1. C. mutica. Heads solitary or few; leaves cuneately oblanceolate to oval, unlobed. Leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, cuneately oblanceolate or obovate. 2. C. cuneifolia. Leaves 1 to 2 em. long, oval__________---------------- 3. C. parvifolia. Leaves or their lobes linear-filiform or very narrowly linear. Leaves entire, or rarely with a pair of lobes, 2 to 6 cm. long. 4. C. cyclocarpa. Leaves all, except sometimes the uppermost, pinnately 3 to 7-lobed. Heads larger; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; leaves mostly with 3 pairs of VON68 oon ee ee eee 5. C. pinnatisecta. Heads smaller; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high; leaves mostly with 1 pair of NDS oe eee eee eee ee eee 6. C. insularis. Rays neutral. Pappus none; achenes glabrous.--------------------- 7. C. cordylocarpa. Pappus awns 2, antrorse-ciliate; achenes ciliate. Leaves rhombic, merely serrate or doubly serrate._..8. C. petrophiloides. Leaves once or twice pinnatisect. Heads smaller; inner phyllaries about 5 mm. long; rays 4 to 8 mm. long. 9. C. petrophila. Heads larger; inner phyllaries 6 to 9 mm. long; rays 1 to 2 em. long. Outer phyllaries narrowly linear; ultimate lobes of the leaves 1 to 2.5 mm. wide___--_-.___---------------------- 10. C. rhyacophila. Outer phyllaries limear-oblong; ultimate lobes of the leaves 0.6 to 0.8 With; WI0Csvec ecg ee ote eee ee 11. C. pringlei. 1. Coreopsis mutica DC. Prodr. 5: 571. 1836. Electra mexicana DC. Prodr. 5: 630. 1836. Electra galeottit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 110. 1852. Coreopsis galeott#i Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 195. 1881. Coreopsis mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 196. 1881. Guanajuanto to Chiapas; type from Tlapuajahua. Guatemala. Shrubby, nearly or quite glabrous throughout, 2 meters high or less; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 13.5 em. long, serrate, often ternatisect, coria- ceous or papery, petiolate; heads 2 to 4.5 cm. wide; achenes glabrous, epappose, or the inner rarely with a pair of smooth slender awns. la. Coreopsis mutica subvillosa DC. Prodr. 5: 571. 1836. Coreopsis mexicana hyperdasya Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 338. 1913. Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Stem, infloresence, and lower leaf surface densely tomentose. 1b. Coreopsis mutica holotricha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 55. 1917. Coreopsis mexicana hyperdasya holotricha Blake, Proce. Amer. Acad. 49: 338. 1913. Known only from the type locality, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla. Leaves small, densely and rather harshly cinereous-puberulous on both sides. 2. Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 43. 1904. Durango and Jalisco; type from State of Durango. Fruticose or suffruticose, about 60 em. high, erect-branched, somewhat pubes- cent, glabrate; leaf blades toothed above the middle, subsessile; heads few, long-peduncled, 2 cm. wide; achenes epappose. 1588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 3. Coreopsis parvifolia Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 338. 1913. Known only from the type locality, Esperanza, Puebla. Shrub, trichotomously branched, somewhat pubescent, glabrate; leaf blades oval, serrate above the base, subsessile; heads solitary, 3 cm. wide, on peduncles 3 to 6.5 em. long; achenes epappose. 4. Coreopsis cyclocarpa Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 339. 1913. Leptosyne mexicana A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 429. 1887. Not Coreopsis mexicana Hemsl. 1881. Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco. Herbaceous or suffruticulose, many-stemmed, about 60 em. high, nearly gla- brous, leafy; leaves 2 mm. wide or less; heads few, long-peduncled, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide; disk corollas without hairy annulus; outer achenes suborbicular; pappus none, 5. Coreopsis pinnatisecta Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 339. 1913. Leptosyne pringlet Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 155. 1895. Not Coreopsis pringlei Robinson. 1907. Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Herbaceous or suffruticulose, 40 to 70 em. high, essentially glabrous; leaves 2 to 4 cm. long, pinnately or sometimes bipinnately lobed, the lobes 1 mm. wide or less; heads few, long-peduncled, 2.5 em. wide; disk corollas with hairy annulus; pappus none. 6. Coreopsis insularis (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 340. 1913, Leptosyne insularis T. 8. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 5. 1899. Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island. Decumbent, suffruticose or suffruticulose, nearly glabrous; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long, the lobes 1 mm. wide or less; disk corollas without annulus; pappus none. 7. Coreopsis cordylocarpa A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 428. 1887. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco. Suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, leafy; leaves petioled, the blades 4.5 to 12 cm. long, pinnatisect, the lobes 2 or 3 pairs, linear-lanceolate, serrate or the lower sometimes lobed at base, 2 to 9 mm. wide, somewhat pubescent; heads few or numerous, long-peduncled, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide; achenes linear-clavate, scarcely obcompressed, up to 12 mm. long. 8. Coreopsis petrophiloides Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 388. 1894. Colima to Michoacan; type from the Nevada de Colima. Shrubby, 1 meter high, sparsely pubescent above and often on the leaves; leaves petioled, the blades 4 to 9 em. long, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, acute at each end or acuminate, the upper reduced; heads few, about 3.5 cm. wide. 9. Coreopsis petrophila A. Gray inS. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 428. 1887. Durango and Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco, Jalisco. Suffruticose, branched, very leafy, nearly or quite glabrous; leaves slender- petioled, the blades deltoid in outline, 3 to 4 em. long and wide, bipinnatisect, the primary lobes 3 or 4 pairs, the ultimate divisions 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads several or many, panicled, 1.5 to 2 em. wide. The specimen from Durango has broader leaf lobes than normal, and is referred to this species with some hesitation. 10. Coreopsis rhyacophila Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 313. 1900. Morelos; type from Cuernavaca. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1589 Suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, nearly glabrous; leaves slender-petioled, often with fascicles in their axils, the blades deltoid, 3 to 8 em. long and wide, bipinnatisect, the primary lobes 3 to 5 pairs; heads 2.5 to 4 em. wide. 11. Coreopsis pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 41. 1907. Known only from the type locality, San Juan del Rio, Querétaro. Shrub, essentially glabrous; leaves petioled, the blades 2 to 4 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, bipinnatisect, the segments narrowly linear; heads 1 to 5, 3 cm. wide. 77. COREOCARPUS Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 28. pl. 16. 1844. Rererence: Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 342-345. 1913. Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, once to thrice pinnatisect; heads small, radi- ate, yellow (or the rays sometimes white or purple-tinged), cymose-panicled; involucre 2-seriate, subequal, the phyllaries 5 to 8, all submembranous, ovate to ovate-oblong, narrowly pale-margined, lineate, sometimes with a few small herbaceous bractlets at base; rays fertile; achenes obcompressed, with entire or pectinate crustaceous wings; pappus none or of 2 retrorsely hispidulous awns. Leaves fleshy; wings of achene entire or merely crenulate------ 1. C. dissectus. Leaves not fleshy; wings of achene pectinately cut---------- 2. C. arizonicus. 1. Coreocarpus dissectus (Benth.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913. Acoma dissecta Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. pl. 17. 1844. Leptosyne dissecta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1?: 301. 1884. Leptosyne parthenioides dissecta 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 56. 1889. Coreocarpus dissectus longilobus Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad, 49: 345. 1913. Southern nalf of Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay." Shrubby, about 40 cm. high, trichotomously branched, essentially glabrous; leaves crowded, petioled, the blades 1.5 to 7.5 cm. long, once to thrice pinnatisect, the primary lobes 2 or 3 pairs, the ultimate divisions linear-filiform to linear- lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide or less; heads yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the pedunculate panicles nearly naked; pappus none. 3. Coreocarpus arizonicus (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913. Leptosyne arizonica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882. Coreopsis arizonica O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 45: 243. f. 118, S. 1890. Sonora and Chihuahua. Arizona; type from Fort Lowell. Suffruticulose, 30 to 60 cm. high, essentially glabrous, branched at base; leaves petioled, the blades 5 to 8 cm. long, pinnatisect into 3 to 5 linear lobes 1 to 3 mm. wide, the lower pair sometimes again pinnatisect; heads yellow, or the rays white; achenes sometimes with a pappus of retrorsely spinulose awns. 2a. Coreocarpus arizonicus pubescens (Robins. & Fern.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913. Leptosyne arizonica pubescens Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 118. 1894. Sonora; type from Granados. Whole plant rather densely spreading-pilosulous. 2b. Coreocarpus arizonicus filiformis (Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913. Leptosyne arizonica filiformis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 44. 1904. Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Choix, Sinaloa. Leaf lobes linear-filiform, less than 1 mm. wide, the lower ones 4 to 6 cm. long. 1 See Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 56. 1917. 1590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 78. HIDALGOA Liave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 15. 1824. 1. Hidalgoa ternata Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 15. 1824. Hidalgoa lessingii DC. Prodr. 5: 511. 1836. Melampodium ? hidalgoa DC. Prodr. 5: 521, 1836. Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Rfo Blanco, near San José del Corral. Guate- mala and Ecuador. Suffrutescent (?), somewhat sordid-pubescent or essentially glabrous, high- climbing, the basally coiled and often thickened petioles functioning as tendrils; leaves opposite, the petioles slender, about 4 cm. long, the blades about 6 cm. long, ternatisect, the lobes ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, stipitate or subsessile, thin; heads solitary or few, axillary and terminal, long-peduncled, 2.2 to 4.2 em. wide; involucre double, as in Coreopsis; rays 5, orange, yellow, or apparently purplish red, fertile; disk yellow (?), infertile, the styles undivided, the corollas irregular, one tooth being deeper cut than the others; ray achenes oval, obcom- pressed, thick, drupaceous, glabrous, about 7 mm. long, crowned with a pair of short, thick teeth. 79. THELESPERMA Less. Linnaea 6: 511. 1831. 1. Thelesperma longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 109. 1852. Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosf. Texas to Arizona; type from the San Pedro River, Texas. Suffrutescent, 15 to 40 cm. high, much branched at base, nearly glabrous, very leafy; leaves opposite, 2.5 to 7 em. long, pinnately parted into 3 or.5 filiform or linear-filiform lobes as wide as the rachis, or the upper entire; heads discoid, yellow, 7 to 10 mm. wide, solitary at apex of slender naked peduncles 9 to 24 cm. long; involucre double, the outer of small lance-ovate herbaceous phyllaries, the inner of submembranous dark phyllaries, these connate about to middle, with scarious yellow border; achenes thickened, curved, about 2.5 mm. long, muricate; pappus an obscure border, sometimes produced into 2 very short teeth. ‘ Hierba de San Nicolds’’ (Nuevo Leén). 80. BIDENS L. Sp. Pl. 831. 1753. Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite; heads few to numerous, in ours yellow and radiate; involucre double, as in Coreopsis; achenes (in ours) linear, flattened or subquadrangular; pappus usually of 2 to 4 commonly retrorse- hispid awns. Leaves dissected into linear-filiform segments__________________ 1. B. nudata. Leaves pinnately parted into 3 or 5 ovate to lanceolate divisions, rarely undivided. 2. B. squarrosa. 1. Bidens nudata T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 1: 309. 1890. Cape Region of Baja California (Sierra de San Francisquito). Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, essentially naked above, trichotomously branched, glabrous; leaves petiolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, twice or thrice pinnatisect into linear-filiform segments less than 1 mm. wide, as broad as the rachis; heads about 3, long-peduncled, yellow, radiate, about 1.5 em. wide; rays pistillate; achenes linear, subquadrangular, about 6 mm. long; pappus of 2 or 3 retrorsely hispid awns about 3 mm. long. 2. Bidens squarrosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 238. 1820. Bidens tereticaulis DC. Prodr. 5: 598. 1836. Bidens antiguensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 100. 1891. Bidens tereticaulis sordida Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 115. 1903. Bidens tereticaulis indivisa Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 270. 1904. Bidens coreopsidis procumbens Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 42: 299. 1906. STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1591 Tamaulipas to Chiapas. Guatemala to South America; type collected between Caracas and Mount Buenavista, Venezuela. Suffrutescent or herbaceous, scandent; stem glabrous or pubescent; leaves petioled, the divisions lanceolate to ovate, 2.5 to 9 em. long, acute to attenuate, closely serrate; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled, slender-pediceled, 4.5 cm. wide or less; achenes linear, ciliate, the 2 awns spreading or recurved, retrorse-hispid or smooth. — ‘‘Flor de colmena’”’ (El Salvador). 81. COSMOS Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 9. pl. 14. 1791. Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves opposite, entire to dissected; heads radiate, purple, pink, white, or yellow; involucre double, as in Coreopsis; rays neutral; achenes obcompressed or angulate, more or less distinctly rostrate; pappus of 2 to 9 retrorsely hispid awns. An herbaceous species of this genus is much cultivated as an ornamental plamt under the name “cosmos.” Rays purple. Leaves narrowly linear and entire to bipinnatisect with linear divisions, these more than 1 mm. wide_-------------------- 1. C. crithmifolius. Leaves pinnatisect, the lobes linear-filiform, 0.7 mm. wide or less. 2. C. seemannii. Rays yellow...-------------------------------------------°7 3. C. landii. 1. Cosmos crithmifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 242. 1820. Bidens valladolidensis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1856. Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Valladolid (Morelia), Michoacan. Suffrutescent, 50 to 90 cm. high, slender, glabrous; leaves 3.5 to 12 cm. long, narrowly linear (1.5 to 4 mm. wide) and entire, or pinnatisect to bipinnatisect, rough-margined; heads few or solitary, long-peduncled, 2 to 4.5 em. wide; disk yellow; achenes linear-fusiform, angled; pappus of usually 4 awns. “‘Gallitos” (Sinaloa). 2. Cosmos seemannii (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16. 1883. Bidens seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1856. Tepic and Michoacan; type from the Sierra Madre. Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, minutely hirtellous, leafy; leaves about 5 cm. long, twice or thrice pinnatisect with very narrow divisions; heads 1 to 7, long-peduncled, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide; disk corollas purplish on the teeth; awns 6 to 9. 3. Cosmos landii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 29. 1917. Bidens palmeri A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887. Not Cosmos palmeri Robinson, 1909. Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco. Suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, pinnat- isect or bipinnatisect, the segments linear, 1 to 2 mm. wide, rough-margined; heads several, long-peduncled, 2.3 to 3.8 cm. wide; flowers all yellow; achenes rostrate; awns 2 to 4. 82. CALEA L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1179. 1763. REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Revision of the Mexican and Central American species of the genus Calea, Proc. Amer. Acad. 82: 20-30. 1896. Shrubs or sometimes herbs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, yellow or white, usually cymose; involucre several-seriate, graduate, the phyllaries dry or the outer sometimes herbaceous; rays if present fertile; achenes subterete or 4 or 5-angled; pappus persistent, of 4 to 20 usually equal, paleaceous sauamellae or awns, rarely entirely wanting. 1592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pappus awns or squamellae 4 or 5. Leaves densely tomentose or tomentulose beneath; heads 1 to 5, rather large (about 1.8 cm. wide). Leaves ovate, subcordate, densely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads solitary_-_.---..--.-2- 2-2 eee 14. C. grayii. Leaves ovate-oblong, not subcordate, very finely tomentulose beneath; heads about 5_.--__-__. 222222 15. C. discolor. Leaves green beneath; heads numerous, or if few, then small. Leaves small, the blades at most 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide; heads few, small, in a naked terminal cymose panicle._______________ 16. C. brandegei. Leaves larger, 4 cm. long or more; heads numerous. Leaves with conspicuous stipule-like auriculations at base. 17. C. manicata. Leaves without stipule-like auriculations at base. Leaves oblong, 7.5 cm. wide, pilose on the nerves beneath. 18. C. orizabaensis, Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, glabrous. 20. C. pachyphylla. Pappus awns or squamellae 7 to 20. Pappus awns as long as or longer than the achene. Rays white or whitish, conspicuous. Phyllaries ciliate, otherwise essentially glabrous._____ 8. C. integrifolia. Phyllaries rather densely pubescent dorsally. Leaves thickish, scabrous, green in drying__..______ 9. C. scabrifolia. Leaves thin, nearly smooth, blackening in drying. 10. C. submembranacea. Rays yellow or wanting. Heads 2 to 13, rather large; pedicels 3 to 10 cm. long. 11. C. longipedicellata. Heads numerous, rather small, umbellate-clustered, usually short-pedi- celed or subsessile. Heads distinctly radiate___..____________________ 12. C. urticifolia. Heads discoid________...-__._-_------_ 2 13. C. trichotoma. Pappus awns or squamellae shorter than the achene. Leaves densely cinereous- or griseous-tomentose or -tomentulose beneath. Outer phyllaries without distinct herbaceous tips_________ 4. C. pringlei. Outer phyllaries with conspicuous herbaceous tips. Leaves broadly ovate, about two-thirds as wide as long; pappus squamellae acutish___-_-_-_.________________ 2. C. albida. Leaves suborbicular, about as wide as long; pappus squamellae obtuse. 3. C. hypoleuca. Leaves green and not densely pubescent beneath. Pedicels mostly considerably longer than the heads. Heads discoid, 8 to 14-flowered_______...________ 1. C. salmeaefolia. Heads radiate, with more numerous flowers. Leaves ovate, half as wide as long_______________ 19. C. rupestris. Leaves cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate, less than half as wide as 13)