UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STaTEsS NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VOLUME 31

THE ACANTHACEAE
OF COLOMBIA

By EMERY C. LEONARD

Associate Curator of Phanerogams
United States National Museum

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION e WASHINGTON, D. C. © 1958

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED States NATIONAL MusEUM

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1958

Publications of the United States National Herbarium

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled “Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,”
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the Na-
tional Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed respon-
sibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series
where issued by the Department of Agriculture.

REMINGTON KE.LLOoGa,
Director, United States National Museum.

III

ERRATA—PART 8

Page 426, line 9 from bottom: For “ultimal” read “ultimae.”
Page 487, line 9 from bottom: For “adhatoda” read “hyssopifolia.”
Page 770, after line 1 insert the following line:
Page 3, line 17: For “Jacobinia magnifica” read “Jacobinia carnea (Lindl. )
Nicholson.”
Page 772, line 14: For “Page ii” read “Page iii.”
Page 776, Index : For “Cyphaeanthus” read “Cyphacanthus.”
Iv

CONTENTS

Page
Part 1. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I: Subfamilies Nel-
sonioideae, Mendoncioideae, Thunbergioideae,
Acanthoideae. (Published June 8,1951) . . . 1-117
Part 2. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, II: Subfamily
Acanthoideae, continued. (Published Novem-
ber 10,1958)... eee ee 119-322
Part 3. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, III: Subfamily
Acanthoideae, completed. (Published February
4,1958) 0. 323-781

Vv

The Acanthaceae of Colombia

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VotumeE 31, Part 1

THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, I

By EMERY C. LEONARD

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D.C.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

Unttep States NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Votum_E 31, Part 1

THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, I

By EMERY C. LEONARD

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1951

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25,D.C. - Price 50 cents

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PREFACE

Tux present paper, by E. C. Leonard, associate curator of the De-
partment of Botany, U. S. National Museum, is the first of three parts
of a critical account of the Acanthaceae of Colombia. Mr. Leonard
has studied this family over a period of many years and has prepared
various systematic and regional revisions. The family is divided into
four subfamilies, of which the first three are treated in their entirety
in this first part ; of the fourth and largest subfamily, 5 of its 18 tribes
are covered in the present paper. The Acanthaceae include many
showy and beautiful plants, which are or should be in cultivation; the
family is cosmopolitan in the tropical and subtropical parts of the
world and is especially well developed in Andean America. In
Colombia the family demonstrates a high percentage of specific
endemism. Fourteen genera, including 72 species, of which 30 are
described as new, are discussed in the present treatment.

J. R. SWALLeEN,
Head Curator, Department of Botany,
United States National Museum.

II

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction_______--_-------------------------------------------- 1
Systematic treatment ---.------------------------------------------ 4
Subfamily Nelsonioideae_-.-.----------------------------------- 4
Staurogyne...----------------------------------------- 5
Elytraria_....---------------------------------------- 7
Nelsonia...__.---------------+------------------------ 10

Subfamily Mendoncioideae------------------------------------- 10
Mendoncia__.______---_--------------------------+---- 11

Subfamily Thunbergioideae_-__-_-_-.----------------------------- 40
Thunbergia_...--------------------------------------- 40

Subfamily Acanthoideae___-----_------------------------------- 44
Series Contortae_._._......--_-------------------------------- 44

Tribe Trichanthereae_.____.._-_--------------------------- 45
Bravaisia.____.____----------------------------------- 45
Trichanthera__.._._----------------------------------- 47
Sanchezia_...-.-.-------------------------------------- 51

Tribe Hygrophileae______---------------------------------- 57
Hygrophila_......------------------------------------- 58

Tribe Petalidieae_______._-__------------------------------- 60
Blechum__...__.__------------------------------------- 60
Phaylopsis___-.--------------------------------------- 64

Tribe Rucllieae__.-.__------------------------------------- 65
Ruellia_._.......-------------------------------------- 66

Tribe Barlerieae__.___-_---_------------------------------- 109
Barleria_..._.._--------------------------------------- 109
Teliostachya__._-.------------------------------------- 111
Index_______________---------------- +--+ -- = - -- ee 115

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

1. Staurogyne lepidagathoides Leonard._____.__.___________________. . 6
2. Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. ._.-------- 9
3. Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze___.____.______...____.______. 11
4. Mendoncia cordata Leonard_.______.._________________________... 17
5. Mendoncia mirabilis Leonard____.__.._________________..___..... 19
6. Mendoncia glabrescens Leonard____..-__--_____________._..______- 24
7. Mendoncia pennellii Leonard______-.--.._--______-_ 26
8. Mendoncia glomerata Leonard__-__..___-.-_-__-___ 27
9. Mendoncia rosea Leonard._______-_-.-_-_____________....___..._.... 29
10. Mendoneia litoralis Leonard. __..--2----- a 31
11. Mendoncia gilva Leonard________-____.-__.-_-_-___- 33
12. Mendoncia odorata Leonard__....--_._._________...__............ 35
13. Afendoncia mutisit Leonard._...-..--..-_--8 37
14, Mendoneia cuatrecasasti Leonard_________________..._.____....... 37
15, Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard___--________________..____...... 40
16. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. __.-.-.---------- 43
17. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. _________ oe ee 47
18. Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees__________.__________ 49
19. Sanchezia lutea Leonard__...._.._-_______._________......... 54
20. Sanchezia putumayensis Leonard.__________________________....... 56
21. Hygrophila guianensis Nees__...._..-....____._______.._.__..__.. 59
22. Blechum brownei Juss. forma puberulum Leonard....._____________.. 61
23. Blechum haughtit Leonard_________ wee ee 63
24. Phaylopsis parviflora Willd. _-----..______.._..__................ 65
25. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard___...-_________._______._............. 70
26. Ruellia potamophila Leonard__________- Wee eee 72
27. Ruellia chariessa Leonard_._-_.___.--_____._____.._.__........... 75
28. Ruellia grisea Leonard___...-.-_.-__________...__... 81
29. Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard_____________.________._....__........ 83
30. Ruellia caucensis Leonard____..------_-____ 85
31. Ruellia rusbyi Leonard___-..-._________._......... eee eee 87
32. Ruellia viridiflora Leonard__.-.--_-_________________......... 99
33. Ruellia pennellii Leonard_.---.--------- 101
34. Ruellia colombiana Leonard__-.--..________..__________.......... 103
35. Ruellia aquatica Leonard___....--___________..______............ 104
36. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard__.________________.__._.___......_.. 106
37. Ruellia putumayensis Leonard________________._______.._........ 106
38. Ruellia uribei Leonard_______________- wee eee 108
39. Barleria cristata LL. _....-- 2 111
40. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees__.._________.__._____________....... 114

VI

THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I

By Emery C. LEONARD

INTRODUCTION

Prior to this present revision no attempt has been made to bring
together taxonomic considerations of all the Colombian Acanthaceae.
In DeCandolle’s Prodromus (vol. 11, 1847), Nees published the then
known Colombian species. Subsequently, a number of isolated ones
were described by Lindau and other botanists, but no general work
containing keys has yet been attempted. This present paper is by no
means the final word, for almost any fair-sized new collection will still
produce undescribed material, especially in the genera Af endoncia,
Ruellia, Aphelandra, and Dicliptera. The specimens studied so far
seem to indicate that botanical exploration is still needed in eastern
Colombia. The new Putumayo material, for example, has furnished
abundant novelties. What further or extensive collections will reveal
from Amazonas, Vaupés, Arauca, eastern Caqueta, Meta, and Boyaca
can be left only to conjecture.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all
the known Colombian species of the family as a ready reference for
botanists, so that they may identify their collections of acanthaceous
plants or use the keys for detecting further undescribed species. Ex-
cept for brief discussions to indicate the possible relationship of
novelties to allied species, no attempt has been made in this paper to
consider the phylogeny of the family. A thorough treatment of this
subject is required in monographiec works but is extraneous in a re-
vision. For the same reason detailed morphological discussions, except
for the formal descriptions, will also be omitted. Full synonomy has
not been attempted. Only the name-bringing synonyms or those based
wholly or partly on Colombian species, as a rule, have been included.

In tropical and subtropical regions, the family as a whole is cosmo-
politan, although a number of genera are confined to one hemisphere
only. Strange as it may seem, with the exception of a few species of
Acanthus in the Mediterranean region, no Acanthaceae are to be found
in Europe, even though Africa abounds in them. The following list
will show in a general way the distribution of the genera treated in

Part I of my revision :
1

2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Staurogyne: Both hemispheres.

Elytraria: Tropical America.

Nelsonia: Both hemispheres.

Mendoncia: Tropical America.

Thunbergia: Old World, but mostly African.
Bravaisia: Tropical America.

Trichanthera: Tropical America.

Sanchezia: Tropical America.

Hygrophila: Both hemispheres.

Blechum: Both hemispheres.

Phaylopsis: Eastern hemisphere. An escape in America.
Ruellia: Both hemispheres,

Barleria: Both hemispheres.

Teliostachya: Tropical America and west Africa.

In view of the mountainous nature of Colombia, endemism is to be
expected; many of the new species treated here are based on a single
collection, and the range of others is limited to a single department
or to a few adjacent ones. Colombian species seldom occur in Peru.
There is, nevertheless, some affinity along the eastern border to the
plants of northwestern Brazil and western Venezuela. But, again,
there is scarcely any affinity to the Panamanian flora except in the
case of a few species that follow the mountain ranges of Panama down
through El Chocé.

This large and complex group of plants has been placed by Engler,
in his System,’ between the small families Globulariaceae and Plan-
taginaceae, but it is near the larger and more complex family Ges-
neriaceae. Because of a superficial resemblance, confusion sometimes
arises in distinguishing these two families. Certain characteristics
are almost always present, however, by which an acanthaceous plant
can be recognized. The most prominent and easiest to detect of these
characters is the presence of cystoliths, small mineral concretions ap-
pearing as minute short lines on the upper surface of the leaf blades,
the upper portions of the stems, on the branches of the inflorescence,
and on the calyx. Similar cystoliths do occur in a few other distant
families such as Urticaceae. In Acanthaceae they are lacking only
on the members of the first three (relatively small) subfamilies (Nel-
sonioideae, Mendoncioideae, and Thunbergioideae), and for some un-
accountable reason in the large genus Aphelandra of the fourth sub-
family (Acanthoideae). In Mendoncioideae raised stelliform mark-
ings at the bases of the hairs on the upper surface of the leaf blades
may appear to be of the nature of cystoliths. Bremekamp,? however,
contends that they are merely large raised epidermal cells so elevated
by differential shrinkage. A more general earmark of the family, and

* Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 5, 201, 1907.
* Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 141. 1938.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 3

peculiar to it, is the unusual subulate hook-shaped extension of the
funicle (retinacula), which supports the seed. This character is again
lacking in the fruit of the first three subfamilies. Superficially there
are actually few traits that associate these subfamilies with typical
Acanthaceae.

Probably the best-known acanthaceous plants in cultivation belong
to the genus Acanthus (axavOos, thorny plant). This name was also
given to bear’s-breech or Acanthus mollis. A conventionalized form
of the leaf of A. mollés may have been the one used so extensively in
Roman architecture. That ornamenting Corinthian columns was sup-
posed to have been derived from A. spinosus Li.

Some of the plants of the family are reported to have medicinal
qualities but are not included in the standard works of materia medica.
Many others have beautiful and conspicuous flowers, especially in the
genera Sanchezia, Ruellia, and Aphelandra, but most of these are dif-
ficult to grow, thrive only in greenhouses, and even there require espe-
cial care. Jacobinia magnifica Benth. & Hook., Aphelandra auran-
tiaca Lindl. or some of its forms, and Sanchezia speciosa Leonard are
perhaps the species most often met with in greenhouses. Recently
Beloperone guttata Brandeg., from Mexico, has become popular as a
pot plant. In tropical regions a number of species of Thunbergia are
encouraged as garden plants.

The sequence of subfamilies and tribes is that of Dalla Torre and
Harms’ Genera Siphonogamarum.

The specimens cited are chiefly those deposited in the U. S. National
Herbarium. <A few other herbaria have lent specimens for examina-
tion and citation in this paper. Of special interest in the Stockholm
material were the Lawrance, Kjell von Sneidern, and Billberg collec-
tions. A considerable number of the specimens procured by
Lawrance and von Sneidern were new to science. The Billberg col-
lection was unique in being the oldest (1825-1826) plant material
examined. By firsthand study of Billberg’s No. 1 (the type of
Blechum angustius Nees), I was able to place it in its proper genus,
Tetramerium. Of interest in the New York loan was a complete set
of the widely distributed H. H. Smith Santa Marta plants with full
collector’s data accompanying each sheet.

The photographs of types in European herbaria made by J. F.
Macbride and distributed by the Chicago Natural History Museum
have been of the greatest value. Where cited in this paper, the nega-
tive number of the photograph is given.

To the custodians who have so generously aided by lending material
from other institutions, and especially to my associates in the U. S.
National Herbarium, E. P. Killip, A. C. Smith, L. B. Smith, Jason

*1, H. Bailey. Cyclopedia of Amer. Hort. 11. 1900.

4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

R. Swallen, and C. V. Morton, for their valuable suggestions and the
checking of the manuscript, I wish to extend thanks. The herbaria
contributing material for this paper are indicated by the following
letters:

Bog, Instituto de la Salle, Bogotéi, Colombia,

Ch, Chicago Natural History Museum.

Col, Herbario Nacional de Colombia, Bogoti, Colombia.

GH, Gray Herbarium, Harvard University.

Med, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional, Medellin, Colombia.

Mo, Missouri Botanical Garden.

NY, New York Botanical Garden.

Ph, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

S, Riksmuseet, Stockholm.

US, United States National Herbarium.

Valle, Facultad de Agronomfa, Universidad Nacional, Cali, Colombia.

A summarizing list of exsiccatae will be published with the conclud-

ing portion of this treatment.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hil.: Acanthus Family

Acanthaceae J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. 1: 236, 1805.

Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate;
flowers irregular to nearly regular, perfect ; calyx persistent, inferior,
the segments 5 or occasionally fewer; corolla gamopetalous, the limb
5-lobed or 2-lipped (rarely 1-lipped) ; stamens 4, didynamous, or 2
only ; staminodes often present in the 2-stamened flowers; anther sacs
2 or 1, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 2-celled, the ovules 2 to 10 in
each cavity; style filiform, simple; stigmas 1 or 2; fruit a capsule
(drupaceous in Mendoncia), 2-celled, 2-valved; seeds usually flat,
borne on retinacula which are papilliform in a few genera but usu-
ally hook-shaped, the testa smooth or roughened, often mucilaginous
when moistened. .

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES

Funicle papilliform or lacking.

Herbs (sometimes more or less shrubby)________.___ 1. NELSONIOIDEAE
Vines.

Fruit a drupe__-___------e 2. MENDONCIOIDEAE

Fruit a beaked capsule__--.----- 3. THUNBERGIOIDEAE

Funicle hook-shaped (retinacula)_------- 4. ACANTHOIDEAB

Subfamily 1. NELSONIOIDEAE
Nelsonioideae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb, Engler 18: 43. 1893.

Herbs without cystoliths; flowers solitary, borne in the axils of the
leaves or bracts, mostly disposed in spikes; calyx more or less equally

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 5

5-parted; corolla 2-lipped or equally 5-lobed, the lobes imbricate ;
stamens 2 or 4; staminodes none or 2; anthers 2-celled; pollen marked
by clefts or pores (“spaltenpollen”: cleft-pollen) ; disk poorly devel-
oped; ovules numerous in each cell, borne in 2 rows; capsules beaked
or pointed ; retinacula mere papilliform projections of the funicle.

KEY TO THE GENERA

Stamens 4__________________-_------------------------------ 1. Staurogyne
Stamens 2.
Seape densely covered by scalelike leaves_.--------------- 2. Elytraria

Scapes none, the flowers borne in small peduncled or sessile spikes.
8. Nelsonia

1, STAUROGYNE Wall.

Staurogyne Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 80, pl. 186, 1831. The genus consists of
80 or more species, these widely distributed throughout the tropical regions
of the world. The majority of the American species occur in Brazil. The
name is derived from ovavpés, a cross, and yurt, woman, i. e., pistil, in
allusion to the 3-lobed cross-shaped stigma. Type species: S. argentea
Wall. Type locality: Silhet.

Ebermaiera Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:75. 1832. The genus Ebermaiera was
named for Henrich Ebermaier, a German physician of Dusseldorf, who,
in collaboration with Frederich Nees, wrote and edited a Handbook of
Medical-pharmaceutical Botany. Type species: £. humilis Nees. Type
locality: Burma.

Erythracanthus Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 75. 1832. The name is derived
from %pvépés, red, and dxovGos, Acanthus, in allusion to the deep red-purple
color of the lower surface of the leaf blades. Type species: EH. racemosus
Nees. Type locality: Penang.

Herbs or shrubs; stems (plants rarely acaulescent) erect, ascend-
ing, or repent, simple or branched, terete or subquadrangular (some-
times winged), glabrous, pilose, tomentose, or pubescent, the hairs or
some of them often glandular; leaves opposite, usually petioled, en-
tire; flowers sessile or short-pediceled, few or numerous, borne m
terminal or axillary loose or compact spikes or racemes; calyx deeply
5-parted, the posterior segment oblong, usually conspicuously longer
and broader than the others, the anterior pair usually linear, wider
than the setaceous lateral pair; corolla usually red, purple, or yellow,
tubular, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed,
the lobes rounded; stamens 4, usually included, a staminode usually
present between the posterior pair; anthers 2-celled, their sacs ovate,
subequal, muticous; stigma 2- or 3-parted; capsules oblong, obtuse,
seed-bearing nearly its entire length; seeds numerous, minute, sub-
globose; retinacula none.

1. Staurogyne lepidagathoides Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 1

Herba, caulibus adscendentibus, pilosis vel subtomentosis; lamina
foliorum oblonga, acuta, basi angustata, integra vel undulata, glabra,

6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

costa et venis sparse pilosis exceptis; petioli pilosi; spicae terminales
et axillares; bracteae lanceolatae utrinque acutae pilosae et glandu-
loso-puberulentae; bracteolae lineares; calycis segmenta pilosa et
glanduloso-puberulenta, posticum lineare, trinerve, altera subulata,
uninervia; corolla alba, glabra; capsulae oblongae, glabrae vel apice
sparse pubescentes; semina minuta brunnea crasse verrucosa.

Ficure 1.—Staurogyne lepidagathoides Leonard (Pennell 3983): a, Tip of branch; 5, bract;
c, bractlet; d, calyx; ¢, capsule; f, half of capsule showing arrangement of seed; g, lower
lip of corolla; h, upper lip of corolla; 7, stamen. (a, Natural size; b-f, about twice natural
size; g, h, about three times natural size; 7, about five times natural size.)

Herbs; stems ascending, up to about 15 cm. high, reddish brown,
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs white, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong, up to 7.5 em. long and 2.5 cm. wide (those subtending the
spikelets smaller, usually abont 4.5 em. long and 1.5 cm. wide), acute
at both ends (the tip blunt), entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and veins (7 to 9 pairs) sparingly pilose, rather prominent; petioles
up to 5 mm. long, pilose; flowers borne in terminal and lateral spikes
up to 4 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter; bracts lanceolate, 6.5 mm.
long, 1.75 mm. wide, acute at both ends, the pubescence a mixture of
white spreading hairs up to 1.5 mm. long and minute glandular ones,
the bractlets linear, 0.5 mm. wide, otherwise similar to the bracts;
calyx 6 mm. long, the pubescence a mixture of white spreading or
ascending hairs 1 mm. long and minute glandular ones; the posterior
segment linear, 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved, the others subulate, 0.25 mm.
wide, 1-nerved, the nerves of the lateral segments enlarged near base;
corolla white, glabrous, 4 mm. long; capsule oblong, 4 mm. long, 1 to
2.5 mm. broad, rounded at tip, glabrous or having a few minute
apical hairs; seeds minute, brown, coarsely verrucose.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 7

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1042943, collected at
edge of thicket near Buena Vista, east of Sincé, Department of
Bolivar, Colombia, altitude 100 to 150 meters, January 24, 1918,
by Francis W. Pennell (No. 3983). Isotypes in the Gray Herbarium
and the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Staurogyne lepidagathoides is related to S. agrestis Leonard, from
Panama and Nicaragua. From this, however, it can be easily sepa-
rated by its narrower and less glandular bracts and by the narrow
posterior segment of the calyx. In S. agrestis the bracts are as much
as 5 mm. wide and the posterior segment of the calyx 1 mm. wide.
The epithet lepidagathoides (Lepidagathis and eiéos, resemblance) was
selected because of the resemblance of the species to certain mem-
bers of Lepidagathis, another acanthaceous genus subtribe Barlerieae.

2, ELYTRARIA Michx.

Elytraria Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 8. 1803. The name Hlytraria is derived
from 2dvrpor, sheath, in reference to the firm coriceous bracts covering the
scapes and subtending the flowers. About a dozen species have been de-
scribed from the Western Hemisphere, and several others are known to
occur in the tropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. Type species:
Elytraria virgata Michx. Type locality: Carolina.

Caulescent or acaulescent herbs; leaves alternate or sometimes sub-
opposite, basal or crowded at the ends of the branches; flowers borne
on dense peduncled spikes, both spikes and peduncles bearing 1m-
bricate coriaceous bracts; calyx scarious, the segments narrow, entire
or toothed at apex; corolla white or blue, the tube slender, the limb
2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 2, barely exserted ; anthers 2-
celled, the sacs equal, parallel, sometimes awn-tipped at base; stami-
nodes usually wanting; ovary 2-celled; ovules 6 to 10 in each cavity;
capsules narrow, contracted at base, acute at apex.

1. Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. FIGURE 2

Justicia imbricata Vahl, Ecol. Amer. 1: 1. 1796. Collector and locality not
given. The specific name alludes to the bracted scapes and spikes.

Verbena squamosa Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 3, pl 5. 1797. Type locality
unknown. Again the specific name alludes to the close-bracted scapes and
spikes.

Elytraria tridentata Vahl, Enum, Pl, 1: 107. 1804. Based on Justicia imbricata
Vahl. Marcgrav’s collection from Brazil and Rohr’s from Santa Marta,
Colombia, are cited. The specific name refers to the pointed 2-winged bracts
of the spikes.

Elytraria imbricata Pers. Syn. 1: 23. 1805. Based on Justicia imbricata Vahl.

Elytraria frondosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 234. 1817. Two cotypes, both
collected in Colombia by Humboldt and Bonpland, are cited, one from
Carthagena de Yundias and the other growing in shade near Turbaco. A
photograph of one of these specimens deposited in the Paris Herbarium is
in the U. S. National Herbarium (No. 39434).

Elytraria scorpioides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. Mant.1: 128. 1822. Type col-
lected in Santa Marta by Bertero. The specific epithet (oxopwios, scorpion,

8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

elios, like) alludes to the fancied resemblance to a scorpion’s tail of
the slender, often curved spikes terminating their slender scapes.

Elytraria apargiifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 65. 1847. Two syntypes are

cited, one collected on the border of Colombia and Panama by Cuming, the
other along the La Plata River by Tweedie.

Elytraria squamosa Lindau, Anal. Inst. Fisco-Geogr. Costa Rica 8: 299.

1895. Based on Verbena squamosa Jacq.

Acaulescent or, if caulescent, the leaves crowded at the tip of a
glabrous or sparingly pilosulous stem up to 30 em. long or more;
leaf blades ovate to oblong or obovate, rarely linear-lanceolate, usually
3 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, blunt or acutish at apex, narrowed
at base to a slender winged petiole, both surfaces appressed-pilose
or glabrate, the margins undulate; scapes numerous, axillary, usually
5 to 24 cm. long, simple or branched, sometimes leafy at tip, covered
by tightly appressed-ovate to subulate bracts; spikes 1 to several,
up to 6 cm. long; bracts oblong to elliptic, 3 to 6 mm. long, 1 to 2
mm. wide, firm, awn-tipped and bearing near the apex a pair of
triangular or rhombic hyaline teeth or wings; bractlets subulate, 3
mm. long, the costa ciliate; calyx segments thin, the posterior one bi-
dentate; corolla pale purplish, violet, blue, or blue-purple, 5 to 8 mm.
long; capsule slenderly conic, about 8 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter,
glabrous,

VERNACULAR NAMES: Anamii (Killip d& Smith 14288) ; cilantro de
monte (Dugand & Jaramillo 2767) ; soldado parado (Dugand & Gar-
cia-Barriga 2318; Bro. Paul B-7; Bro. Elias 915).

Elytraria imbricata is extremely variable in its habit of growth,
ranging from small plantainlike herbs a few centimeters high to
large subligneous-stemmed plants 25 cm. high or more. Allen’s 839
was taken from a “semiherb 6 ft. long,” bearing bright-green leaves
and blue-purple flowers.

In Central America the plant is used as a remedy for dysentery,
and the crushed leaves are said to cure pimples. In Colombia it has
been used as a remedy to reduce fever (Dugand & Garcia-Barriga
9318).

Usually found in old fields, on grassy banks, brushy slopes, in
thickets, or in other waste places. It is a plant of low altitudes
usually found below 300 meters. Range: Arizona and Texas to north-
ern and western South America. It is also found in the West Indies
and has been introduced into India and the Philippine Islands.

ATLANTICO; Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 160 (US). Juan Mina, Dugand 3639
(US). Mare Caribe near Salgar, Dugand & Jaramillo 2725 (US). Near Mira-
mar, Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3623 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias 915
(US). Between Sabanalarga and Campeche, Dugand & Jaramillo 2767 (US).

Near Salgar, Pennell 12069 (GH, Ph). Sonto Tomas, Bro. Paul B-7 (US).
Isabel Lépez Road, Usiacuri, Dugand ¢€ Garcia-Barriga 2318 (US).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 9

Ficure 2.—Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. (Haught 3865): a, Plant; 6, side view of bract;
c, bractlet; d, ventral view of bract; e, one of a lateral pair of calyx segments; f, posterior
calyx segment; g, anterior calyx segment; A, capsule. (a, Half natural size; b-h, about
five times natural size.)

10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Botivar: Cartagena, Billberg, s. n. (S); Bro. Heriberto 186 (US) ; 312 (US).
La Popa, near Cartagena, Darbin s. n. (S). San Lfzaro, Billberg 118 (S). Vi-
cinity of Turbaco, Killip d Smith 14186 (US, NY), 14288 (US, NY).

MAGDALENA: Bonda, H. H. Smith 1412 (US, NY, Ph, Mo, GH). About 15 km.
northwest of Codazzi, Haught 3865 (US). Poponte in the Magdalena Valley,
Cyril Allen 839 (Mo). Santa Marta, Bertero s. n. (Mo. isotype of EZ. scorpoides;
US, photograph),

3. NELSONIA R. Br.

Nelsonia R. Br. Prodr. 480. 1810. The genus, named for David Nelson, a
gardener accompanying Cook on his last voyage, consists of a single species.
Type species: Justicia brunelloides Lam. Type locality: Java.

A diffuse softly villous herb; leaves entire; flowers borne in terminal
and axillary, bracted spikes; calyx 4-lobed, the lower lobe 2-toothed
or 2-cleft; corolla blue or purple, the tube slender, the limb 2-lipped,
the upper lip 2-cleft, the lower one 3-lobed; stamens 2, the filaments
short, the anther sacs mucronulate at base; ovules several in each cay-
ity ; stigma 2-lobed; capsule oblong, beaked.

1. Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze FIGURE 3
Justicia brunelloides Lam. Tab. Encycl. 1:40. 1791. Type locality: Java.
Nelsonia albicans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 234. 1817. Type collected in a

damp place at mouth of the Rfo Sint near El Zapote, Colombia.

Nelsonia brunelloides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 493. 1891. Based on Justicia

brunelloides Lam.

Stem slender, prostrate or ascending, branched, 15 to 60 cm. long;
leaves ovate, 1.5 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at apex, rounded at
base or short-decurrent on the petiole; petioles 2 to 20 mm. long;
spikes dense, peduncled or sessile, 2 to 6 cm. long; bracts ovate, acute
or acuminate, imbricate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; calyx
about 5 mm. long, the upper lobe ovate, the others lanceolate; corolla
tube 4 to 5 mm. long, the limb about 2 mm. broad; capsule sessile,
glabrous, 4 mm. long, 4-seeded; seeds globose, light brown, subver-
rucose, sparingly pilosulous, the hairs anchoraeform.

Partial to moist sandy places. Mexico, Central America, West
Indies, northern South America, Old World Tropics.

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 473 (US).

Subfamily 2. MENDONCIOIDEAE

Mendoncioideae Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 289. 1895.

Mostly high climbing vines; leaves opposite, petioled, the blades
usually ovate, entire, their upper surfaces sometimes scabrous because
of the raised stellate bases of the hairs; flowers 1 to several, axillary,
pediceled (peduncles rarely present), racemose in Monochlamys, sub-
tended and partly enclosed by two usually rather large more or less

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 11

connate bracts; calyx reduced usually to a mere entire or low-lobed
annulus; corollas purple, red, or whitish, tubular or narrowly cam-
panulate, regularly 5-lobed or somewhat 2-lipped; stamens 4; stami-
nodes none; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, the basal lobes blunt,
more or less barbellate; pollen globular, smooth, bearing three equa-
torial pores; disc annular; ovary at first bilocular, later becoming
unilocular, the ovules 1 or 2; style filiform, the stigma briefly 2-lobed,
the anterior lobe often the larger ; fruit drupaceous, ovoid-compressed,
more or less oblique at apex, the mesocarp more or less fleshy, the
endocarp bony ; retinacula none.

Ficure 3.—Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze (Bro. Elias 473): a, Branch; b, bract;
¢, anterior calyx lobe; d, posterior calyx lobe; ¢, one of a lateral pair of calyx lobes; f, valve
of capsule showing placenta; g, an anchoraeform hair from seed. (a, Natural size; b-/,
about 214 times natural size; g, about 25 times natural size.)

This subfamily consists of four genera, Mendoncia, confined to
tropical America, and three small African genera, Monochlamys,
Afromendoncia, and Gilletiella.

4, MENDONCIA Vell.

Mendoncia Vell. ex Vand. FI. Lusit. Bras. 43, pl. 3, fig. 22. 1788. The genus was
named for Cardinal Mendonca, Patriarch of Lisbon. More than 90 species
have been described, the majority of these limited to tropical America. No
specific combination was made either by Vandelli in his Florae Lusitanicae

892687—51——2

12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

or by Ruiz and Pavo6n in their Prodromus, nor can the plants figured in each
publication be assigned with certainty to any known species. The first
species to be definitely established were those of Ruiz and Pavoén (Syst.
Veg. Peruy. Chil. 158. 1798), namely, Mendozia aspera and M. racemosa, the
latter a very doubtful species. These were transferred in 1847 to Mendoncia
(correctly spelled) by Nees (in DC. Prodr. 11). Previous to Nees’ work in
the Prodromus only two valid specific combinations had been made, namely,
Mendoncia albida and M. coccinea, both published by Vellozo in his Florae
Fluminensis (263. 1825). Type species: Mendozia aspera Ruiz & Pav. Type
locality : Peru.

Mendozia Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prod. 89. pl. 17. 1794. The name Mendozia
is merely an alteration of MVendoncia on the part of Ruiz and Pavén, It has
not appeared in botanical literature since last used by Nees in Martius’
Flora Brasiliensis (1874). Type species: Mendozia aspera Ruiz & Pav.
Type locality: Peru.

Engelia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 721. 1847. Named for Engelio, a director of the
Berlin Theater. Two species are described, both from Colonia Tovar,
Venezuela (not Colombia), by Nees. These are FE. tovarensis and F. villosa.
Photographs of the types of both species are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
A careful examination of these photographs leads one to no other course
than to regard these plants as true Mendoncia in spite of the statement in
Nees’ generic description that the corollas possess short spurs, a split limb,
and a staminode. Corollas are not shown in either photograph nor are
mature corollas present on Mzutis 895, undoubtedly representing Hngelia
villosa. More ample material is needed to clear up this troublesome point.
Type species: Engelia tovarensis Kl. & Karst. ex Nees. Type locality : Colonia
Tovar, Venezuela.

Tall vines; stems herbaceous, or shrubby at base; leaves opposite,
petioled, entire, pinnately veined; flowers axillary, 1 to several or
occasionally many in each axil, each flower borne on a slender pedicel
and subtended by 2 bracts, these flat or keeled, more or less connate;
calyx short, annular or cupular, often membranous, usually glabrous;
corolla tubular or funnelform, usually expanded at the base, the throat
often oblique, the lobes reflexed or spreading; stamens 4, included,
didynamous, the filaments short, the anthers linear-lanceolate, usually
flat and acute at apex, lobed at base, the lobes more or less unequal,
glandular-puberulent at tip; disk annular; ovary oblique, compressed,
lenticular; style filiform, the stigma 2-lobed; fruit an ovoid, com-
pressed drupe, often oblique at tip, the endocarp hard and bony, the
mesocarp fleshy or pulpy ; seeds 1 or 2.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Bracts lanceolate, often subfaleate; corollas red.

Pedicels and bracts densely and softly fulvous-pubescent, the hairs

appressed or ascending__...________________-_- eee 1. M. aspera
Pedicels and bracts pilose, the hairs spreading.

Leaf blades thin, never softly or velvety pilose beneath; bracts
narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. wide or less____.____-_________ 2. M. pilosa

Leaf blades firm, usually densely and velvety pilose beneath;
bracts oblong-lanceolate, about 10 mm. wide______________ 3. M, lindavii

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 13

A. Bracts oblong, ovate, or elliptic.
Flower clusters more or less peduncled___----------------- 4. M. pedunculata
Flower clusters sessile; bracts usually ovate or elliptic.
B. Stems pilose, the hairs spreading or retrorse.
Bracts 3 to 5 cm. long.

Leaves cordate______-_________----------------------- 5. M. cordata
Leaves rounded, obtuse or acute at base.
Bracts cordate at base, 4.5 em. long__--------------- 6. M. mirabilis
Bracts rounded at base, 3.5 cm. long or less.
Ovary densely pubescent; corolla funnelform_------ 7. M. speciosa
Ovary minutely papillose ; corolla cylindric--__----- 8. M. spraguet
Bracts 2.8 cm. long or less.
Hairs of the bracts mostly 3 to 5 mm. long_------------- 9. M. hirsuta
Hairs of the bracts 1 mm. long or less.
Pedicels densely hirsute___-__-_----__------------------ 10. M. villosa
Pedicels sparingly to moderately hirsute but not conspicu-
ously so___ poe +--+ 11. M. puberula

B. Stems glabrous to densely pubescent, the hairs, when present
upwardly appressed.
Cc. Bracts glabrous or essentially so.
Pedicels 4 em. long or more; flowers usually solitary_---- 12. M. sprucet
Pedicels 1 to 1.5 em. long; flowers 4 to 9 in each axil.
Corolla glandular puberulous within tube and basal por-
tions of the lobes; leaf blades glabrous or the costa
beset with inconspicuous hairs about 125y long. 13. M. glabrescens
Corolla glabrous or nearly so; the costa of the leaf blades
bearing hairs about 250u long__---------------- 14. M. pennellii
C. Bracts definitely pubescent.
D. Pubescence of the bracts dense, soft, silky.
Bracts small, 12 mm. long or less, the pubescence whitish ;
flowers numerous____-_~--------------------- 15. M. glomerata
Bracts large, 2 to 3 cm. long, the pubescence fulvous;
flowers 1 to several.
Bracts elliptic, 2 em. wide____------ 1%a. M. coccinea var. elliptica
Bracts lanceolate-ovate, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-ovate,
1.7 cm. wide or less.
Bracts truncate at base, 1.7 cm. wide.
17b. M. coccinea var. sparatteria
Bracts rounded or subtruncate at base, 1 to 1.5 cm.
wide.
Leaf blades acute or gradually acuminate__------ 16. M. rosea
Leaf blades rounded or short-acuminate at apex_ 17. M. coccinea
D. Pubescence of the bracts thin, not soft and silky.
E. Bracts 1.5 to 2 em. long.
Stems densely appressed-hirsute; leaf blades firm, the
costa, veins, and veinlets prominent.
Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, the hairs of the lower

surface confined chiefly to costa and veins-___ 18. M. litoralis
Leaf blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, the lower sur-
face evenly pubescent___-__---------------- 19. M. gracilis

Stems glabrous or sparingly to moderately pilose or
hirtellous; leaf blades thin, the costa, veins, and
veinlets not conspicuously prominent.

14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Flowers solitary ; hairs of the bracts at least 1.5 mm.

long, some of them more or less ascending;

corolla cream_—____--________--___- 20. M. gilva
Flowers usually several in each axil; hairs of the

bracts 0.5 mm, long or less, closely appressed ;
corolla cream with brownish markings______ 21, M. odorata
E. Bracts 13 mm. long or less.
Leaf blades rather copiously hirtellous beneath______ 22. M. mutisii

Leaf blades essentially glabrous beneath.

Bracts 8 to 10 mm. long; plants drying olive green,
23. M. cuatrecasasti
Bracts 5 to 6 mm. long; plants drying black__ 24. M. microchlamys

1. Mendoncia aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees
Mendozia aspera Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 158. 1798. Type col-
lected in wooded region near the village of Chinchao and the Masapata
Estate, Peru, by Ruiz & Pavon. The specific name alludes to the rough-
ened upper surface of the mature leaf blades.
Mendoncia aspera Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 51. 1847. Based on Mendozia aspera
Ruiz & Pav.

Stem appressed-pubescent; leaf blades elliptic, 5 to 12 cm. long, 3 to
6.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex (usually tipped by a mucro 1 to 4mm.
long), rounded or narrowed at base, appressed-pubescent above, becom-
ing scabrous with age, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, each one arising
from a stellate base, the lower surface rather densely and softly
appressed-pubescent, the hairs yellowish, up to 1 mm. long; flowers 1
to 3 in each axil; pedicels 2 to 6 cm. long, appressed-pubescent ; bracts
oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.5 cm.
wide, often subfalcate, acute at apex, tipped by a short mucro, rounded
at base, densely and softly sericeous, the hairs yellowish brown, closely
appressed or ascending; corolla bright red, 3.5 cm. long, the throat
about 4 mm. broad; ovary puberulent; style glabrous; fruit deep pur-
ple, 1.5 em. Jong, 10 mm. broad, somewhat compressed, sparingly
puberulous.

Woods and thickets, usually below 400 meters. Colombia, Peru, Bra-
zil, and Surinam.

Purumayo: Umbria, Klug 1760 (GH, Mo, NY, US).

2, Mendoncia pilosa (Mart.) Nees

Mendozia pilosa Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 21. pl. 209. 1829. Type collected by
Martius. Type locality: “In sylvis aboriginibus fluvium Japura inum-
brantibus, e. g. prope Manacuru Indorum Juri habitationes, et prope Porto
dos Miranhas,” Colombia. Photograph of type material (Munich Herbar-
ium) in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 20540. The specific name was
suggested by the numerous long spreading hairs covering the stems, leaves,
peduncles, and bracts.

Mendoncia pilosa Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 50. 1847. Based on Mendozia pilosa
Mart.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 15

Small suffrutescent vine; stems terete, densely pilose, the hairs
brownish, spreading, up to 5 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong, up
to 12 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, often mucronate,
the mucro up to 5 mm. long, rounded, obtuse or acutish at base, entire
or shallowly sinuate-dentate, thin, ciliate, pilose on both surfaces, the
hairs arising from star-shaped bases, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6
pairs) fairly prominent; petioles up to 2 cm. long, densely pilose, the
hairs brown, spreading; flowers solitary or in pairs, borne in the axils
of the upper leaves; pedicels up to 4.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad at tip,
tapering towards a slender base, densely brown pilose; bracts narrowly
lanceolate, 3 to 4. cm. long, up to 7 mm. wide, acute and often slenderly
mucronate at apex, rounded at base, more or less subfalcate, densely
brown pilose without, glabrous within; corolla bright red, glabrous,
4 to 5 cm. long, the tube slender, 5 to 6 mm. broad at throat, the lobes
erect-spreading, obovate, about 6 mm. long and 3 to 4 mm. wide,
rounded or shallowly emarginate; style and calyx glabrous; fruit
(immature) finely pilosulous.

Cuatrecasas’ specimen was taken April 4, 1940, from a flowering
plant growing in forests between 1,000 and 1,300 meters altitude. The
corolla was a livid red (rojo cardena).

Forests of southern Colombia and northwestern Brazil.

CaguetA: Sucre, Cuatrecasas 9064 (US).

8. Mendoncia lindavii Rusby
Mendoncia lindavii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 241. 1895. Type collected
at Yungas, Bolivia, 1890, by Miguel Bang, No. 532. Isotype in the U. 8.
National Herbarium, No. 942655. Paratypes are also in the U. 8S. National
Herbarium, Nos. 58334 and 942656, both collected at Tipuani-Guanai, Bo-
livia, by Miguel Bang, No. 1707. The species was named for Gustav Lindau,
a specialist on the family Acanthaceae.

A suffrutescent vine; branches ferruginous-pilose or glabrescent;
leaf blades ovate to broadly oval, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 5.5 cm. wide,
acuminate at apex, and usually terminating in a small awnlike tip up
to 5 mm. long, rounded at the base, firm, subcoriaceous, ciliate, the
upper surface papillose, scabrous-pilose, the hairs appressed or ascend-
ing, arising from stellate bases, the lower surface ferruginous-pilose,
often densely so and velvety to the touch; pedicels stout, 2 to 3 cm. long,
ferruginous-pilose; bracts oblong-lanceolate, falcate or subfalcate, 3
to 4cm. long, about 1 em. wide, acuminate at apex, usually ending in an
awnlike tip 2 to 3 em. long, rounded at base, partly connate, densely
ferruginous-pilose; corolla red or pink, paler within and proximally
without, 4 to 5 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad at throat, the lobes rounded,
4 to 5 mm. long; style 4 cm. long, glabrous above, the lower portion
hispid; drupe oblong-ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1 em. broad, oblique
at apex and tipped by a portion of the persistent style, densely brown
puberulous.

16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Usually found in damp situations along streams in thickets and
forests of the lower mountain slopes from 100 to 1,400 meters altitude.
The corollas are red or bright scarlet and the ripe drupes purple black
(Pennell 1397). Bolivia, north to British Honduras and Guatemala.

BoracA: Region of Mount Chapon, northwest of Bogota, Lawrance 69 (Mo,
NY, US).

CunpinaMArcA: Along the road to Pacho on the Rio Murea, vicinity of La
Palma, Garcia-Barriga 12394 (US).

Mera: Llanos de San Martin, near Villavicencio, Dawe 229 (US). Menegua,
Garcia-Barriga 53804 (US). Along the Rfo Ocoa, southeast of Villavicencio,
Killip 34877 (US). Villavicencio, Helen Schiefer 790 (GH, NY); Pennell 1397
(NY), 1475 (NY).

SANTANDER: Between the Rio Carare and Magdalena, in the vicinity of Puerto
Berrio, Haught 1821 (US). “Kilometer 16’ between Puerto Wilches and Puerto
Santos, Killip € Smith 14895 (US).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY; Mutis 894 (US) ; 924 (US).

4, Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard
Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 21: 150.
1931. Type collected in forest at Mishuyacu, near Iquitos, Peru, 100 meters
altitude, December 13, 1929, by G. Klug, No. 659 (U. S. National Herbarium,
No, 1455658).

Stem terete, sulcate, sparingly puberulent toward tip, the hairs
appressed ; leaf blades elliptic, 10 to 16 cm. long, 6 to 10 cm. wide,
abruptly acuminate at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 to 2 mm. long,
obtuse at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous; petioles 2 to 3
em. long, glabrous; flowers 1 to 4, borne on axillary peduncles up to
2.5 cm. long, these and the pedicels (5 to 7 mm. long) minutely
appressed-pubescent; bracts violet (Klug), oblong, 4 cm. long, 1.4 to
1.8 cm. wide, rounded at both ends, tipped by a short mucro, incon-
spicuously and minutely appressed-pubescent without, glabrous
within; corolla white, marked by reddish brown within, glabrous, 5 to
6 cm. long, the tube curved, 2.5 cm. Jong, the throat 1 cm. broad, the
limb 3 cm. wide, the lobes oval, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; style about 5 cm. long;
ovary sparingly puberulous; fruit not seen.

The specimens cited were collected during January and February.

Forests of the lower mountain slopes from 100 to 825 meters. Peru
and southern Colombia.

PutruMayo: Umbria, Klug 1918 (Mo, NY, US).
VAUPES: Miraflores, Gutiérrez & Schultes 789 (Ch, GH).

5. Mendoncia cordata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 4

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis
patentibus, brunneis; lamina foliorum magna, membranacea, crasse
reticulata, elliptico-ovata, abrupte acuminata, caudata, basi cordata,

dense pilosa, pilis brunneis; petioli dense pilosi; flores axillares fas-
ciculati; pedicelli tenues, pilosi; bracteae magnae, ovato-ellipticae,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 17

apice rotudatae vel obtusae, caudatae, dense pilosae; drupa oblonga,
compressa, pilosa.

Suffruticose; stem subquadrangular, densely pilose, the hairs
spreading, brown, 4 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to elliptic-ovate,
12 to 20 em. long, 8 to 14 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, the tips of
the upper leaves terminating in cauda up to 14 mm. long, the bases
of all of the leaves strongly cordate, both surfaces densely brown-
pilose, the hairs ascending, 1.5 mm. long, the lower surface minutely
punctate, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) obscure above and
prominent beneath, the veinlets of the lower leaves forming coarse

Ficure 4.—Mendoncia cordata Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15216): a, Portion of plant showing
leaf and inflorescence; b, drupe (immature). (a, Half natural size; b, natural size.)

conspicuous reticulations on the lower surface; petioles 2 to 3 cm.
long, densely pilose, the hairs similar to those of the stem in color
and length; flowers axillary, 1 to several in each axil; pedicels about
8.5 em. long, slender, 0.75 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to
1.5 mm. at tip, densely pilose, the hairs spreading, similar in color
and length to those of the stems; bracts ovate-elliptic, 3.5 cm. long,
2.5 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and tipped by a cauda 5 to 6
mm. long, shallowly cordate at base, both surfaces pilose, the hairs

18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

spreading or ascending, those on the inner surface 0.25 mm. long,
those of the outer surface a mixture of small hairs 0.25 to 1.5 mm.
long and coarser ones up to 5 mm. long, the latter more abundant on
the costa, tip, and mucro, the costa prominent and the veinlets reticu-
late; corolla not seen; calyx annular, subhyaline, 1.5 mm. high,
equalling the disc; drupe (immature) oblong, flattened, 2 cm. long,
1 cm. wide, 3 mm. thick, pilose, the hairs spreading, 1 mm. long, con-
fined chiefly to the margins.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, No. 18538784, collected in
forest at La Planta on the right bank of the Rio Anchicay4, Depart-
ment of El] Valle, Colombia, altitude 200 to 350 meters, September 27,
1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15216). An isotype is also in the U. S.
National Herbarium, No. 1853785.

Mendoncia cordata is related to M. speciosa, but it is easily recog-
nized by its cordate leaf blades and long, brown, spreading hairs on
stems, pedicels, leaves, and bracts. The flowers of the upper portions
of the plant seem to be erect, but older ones of the basal parts droop
on recurved pedicels. Cuatrecasas gives the following color notes:
“Ramos hojosas verde amarillentas, palidas en el envés. Bricteas verde
amarillento claro con venas verdes.”

6. Mendoncia mirabilis Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 5

Planta volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, leviter sulcatis, hirsu-
tis, pilis patentibus vel leviter retrorsis, palide brunneis; lamina folio-
rum membranacea, oblongo-ovata vel elliptica, apice breviter acumi-
nata vel subapiculata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, in petiolum decurrens,
parce hisuta, supra pilis e basi stellata orientibus instructa; flores
solitarii, axillares; pedicelli pilosi; bracteae membranaceae, oblongo-
ovatae, apice rotundatae, mucronatae, basi cordatae, hirsutae; corolla
alba, glabra, lobis rotundatis; ovarium glabrum.

Slender twiner up to 5 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
shallowly sulcate, hirsute, the hairs straight, spreading or slightly
retrorse, up to 1.25 mm. long, light brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate
to elliptic, 6 to 10 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate and
subapiculate at tip, rounded to obtuse at base and decurrent on the
petiole, thin, both surfaces sparingly hirsute, the hairs ascending, up
to 1 mm. long, those of the upper surface arising from flat rounded
more or less star-shaped bases, the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4
pairs) barely conspicuous; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, pilose, the
hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long, confined mostly to the channels;
flowers solitary, borne in the axils of the leaves, the peduncles 3 to
3.5 cm. long, 1 mm. thick at base, gradually enlarged to 2.5 mm. at

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 19

tip, retrorsely pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm. long, the bracts oblong-
ovate, subpanduriform, rounded and mucronate at tip, cordate at
base, 4.5 to 5 cm. long, 23 to 25 mm. wide near base, 20 to 23 mm. wide
near middle, thin, hirsute, the hairs spreading or ascending, brownish,
up to 1 mm. long, the costa and veins obscure; corolla 6 cm. long, white,
bearing a dark blotch at throat (Haught), glabrous, the tube sub-
cylindric, 1 cm, broad at base, about 8 mm. broad at middle, 12 mm.
broad at throat, the limb 32 mm. broad, oblique, the lobes rounded,
about 13 mm. long and wide; calyx thin, cupular, subhyaline; ovary
glabrous; capsule not seen.

Ficure 5.—Mendoncia mirabilis Leonard (Haught 4922): Portion of plant showing leaves
and inflorescence (half natural size).

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950200, collected at
edge of forest near Nicocli, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, alti-
tude 50 meters, June 27, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No. 4922). An
isotype is likewise in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950201.

Mendoncia mirabilis is related to M. speciosa but differs in having
smaller leaf blades and cordate subpanduriform bracts. The leaf
blades of M. speciosa are usually 10 to 17 cm. long instead of 6 to 10 cm.
as in M. mirabilis, and its bracts are ovate, rounded, and connate at
base.

7. Mendoncia speciosa Nees
‘Mendoncia speciosa Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 54. 1847. Type locality:
Atangues, Peru. Collector unknown. Type in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.

Vine up to 5 meters high or more; stems quadrangular, retrorsely

pilose, the hairs about 1 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, 10 to 17 cm. long,

20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

7 to 9 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 to
2 mm. long, rounded at base, thin, veiny, scabrous above, sparingly
pubescent, the hairs stiff, curved, up to 1 mm. long, more numerous on
the upper surface than on the lower; petioles 1 to 1.3 cm. long; flowers
1 or 2 in each axil; pedicels 2 to 5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly
hirsute; bracts thin, ovate, 3.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, connate
below, rounded and mucronate at tip, rounded at base, sparingly
pubescent ; corolla white, glabrous, 5 to 6.5 em. long, the throat mottled
with light purple, the tube funnelform, 8 mm. broad at base, 15 to 20
mm. broad at throat, the lobes about 1 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide,
rounded, shallowly emarginate at apex; style 2.5 cm. long, the lower
portion puberulent; ovary densely pubescent; fruit not seen.

Haught describes his No, 4282 as: “Slender twining plant, at least
5m. high. Flowers showy, white, having a large dark brown blotch in
throat.” It was growing along a stream in a forest at an altitude of
450 meters. According to H. H. Smith (No. 1137) the corolla was
white and its throat mottled with dark and light purple. Turrill‘
cites a specimen collected near Ocafia, Department of Santander, by
Schlim (No. 19). The flowers of this specimen were likewise white
with a purple throat.

Wooded mountain slopes of Colombia and Peru.

7OAJIRA : 14 km. southwest of Garraipia, Haught 4282 (US).

MAGDALENA: Valparaiso, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1137 (Mo,
NY, Ph).

8. Mendoncia spraguei Turrill
Mendoncia spraguei Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 412, 1919. Type collected at
Mocoa, Caqueta, Colombia, by Sprague, No. 402, and deposited in the
herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Suffrutescent vine ; stems terete, hirsute, the hairs spreading, yellow ;
leaf blades elliptic-ovate, up to 9 cm. long and 5 em. wide, acuminate at
apex, rounded or acute at base, pilose, the hairs of the upper surface
arising from stellate bases; petioles 1.5 to 2 em. long, hirsute, the
hairs spreading, yellow; flowers 1 to 8, axillary; pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
long, hirsute, the hairs yellow; bracts oblong or oblong-ovate, up to 3.5
em. long, 1.5 cm. wide, abruptly contracted to a slender tip 5 mm. long
at apex, rounded at base, hirsute, the hairs yellow; corolla up to 6 cm.
long, the tube cylindric, curved, 5 mm. broad at base, 2.5 mm. at middle
and 7 mm. at throat, the limb sublabiate; filaments short; anthers 9 to
10 mm. long, the basal lobes unequal, bearded; ovary minutely papil-
lose; style up to 4.5 cm. long.

Known only from type material.

CaQuETA: Mocoa, Sprague 402 (isotype, US).

“Kew Bull. 1919: 411. 1919.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 21

9. Mendoncia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Nees
Mendozia hirsuta Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 3:10. 1845, Type collected
between Maynas and Yurimaguas, Peru, by Poeppig, No. 2252. Photographs
of type material from the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5871) and from the
Vienna Herbarium (photo No. 32694) are in the U. 8. National Herbarium.
Mendoncia hirsuta Nees in DC. Prodr. 11:52. 1847. Based on Mendozia
hirsuta Poepp. & Endl.

Stem subquadrangular, sparingly hirsute, the hairs 1 to 38 mm. long,
spreading; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate or elliptic or sometimes
sublanceolate, 6 to 14 em. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, gradually to abruptly
narrowed to an acuminate tip, this often terminated by a mucro 1 to 3
mm. long, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, membrana-
ceous, hirsute, the hairs 1 to 2.5 mm. long, the costa and veins (3 or 4
pairs) prominent; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, pilose; flowers solitary
or in pairs; pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs spread-
ing, tawny, about 2 mm. long; bracts oblong-elliptic to ovate, 2 to 2.8
cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, mucronate
(mucro up to 1 cm. long), rounded at base, thin, veiny, long-hirsute,
the hairs 3 to 5 mm. long; corolla cream white, tinged with yellow
distally, about 2.5 em. long; ovary and calyx glabrous; fruit oblong,
15 to 17 mm. long, 9 to 10 mm. broad, compressed, oblique, obtuse or
rounded at tip, glabrous, deep purple when ripe.

No Colombian specimens were examined. Turrill cites® a speci-
men collected at Naranjo, lower Magdalena River, by André.

The Guianas, Bolivia, Peru, Colombia.

10. Mendoncia villosa (Klotzch & Karst. ex Nees) Leonard, comb, nov.

Engelia villosa Klotzsch & Karst, ex Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 721. 1947. Type

collected at Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, by Karsten. Photograph of type
material from the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5883) is in the U. 8.
National Herbarium.

Stem subquadrangular, hirsute, the hairs spreading or retrorse, up
to 0.75 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 em. long,
up to 6 cm. wide, obtuse to acute or abruptly and shortly acuminate
at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 to 2 mm. long, obtuse to acutish
at base, thin, hirsute above, the hairs arising from star-shaped bases,
densely and softly hirsute or villous beneath, the hairs about 1 mm.
long, spreading; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, densely pilose; flowers
1 to several in each axil; pedicels 1.5 cm. long, densely hirsute, the
hairs spreading or retrorse; bracts elliptic, up to 17 mm. long and
10 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at both ends, tipped by a short mucro
at apex, densely hirsute; corolla glabrous; calyx entire, glabrous;
ovary glabrous; fruit not seen.

5 Kew Bull. 1919: 422. 1919.

22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

This description was drawn from Mutis 895, collected in Colombia,
locality unknown. Although the specimen compares favorably with
the photograph of the type from the Berlin Herbarium, there remains
the possibility that the two plants may belong to different species.
More ample material and examination of an isotype may be necessary
in order to establish the identity of Mf. villosa.

Venezuela and Colombia.

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Mutis 895 (US).

11. Mendoncia puberula (Mart.) Nees

Mendozia puberula Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 24. 1829. Type locality: “In
Sylvis primaevis prope S. Crucis et alibi in montibus, Serra dos Orgios,
dictis, Provincia Sebastianopolitanae, ac similibus locis prope urbem Para.”

Mendozia pubescens Poepp. & Endl. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 11. 1845. Type
collected in woods near Hga, northern Brazil, by Poeppig. A photograph
of type material (photo No. 82696) from the Vienna Herbarium is in the
U. S. National Herbarium. Poeppig and Endlicher cite Mendozia puberula
Mart. 8 micropus as a synonym.

Mendozia selloviana Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 10. 1847. Type collected in
Brazil by Sellow, No. 91 (Berlin Herbarium).

Mendoncia selloviana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 53. 1847, Based on Mendozia
Selloviana Nees.

Mendoncia puberula Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 58. 1847. Based on Mendozia
puberula Mart.

Mendoncia splitgerberiana De Vriese in Nederl. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 353. 1848.
Type collected near the Merveille Plantation, Surinam, by Splitgerber.

Suffrutescent vines; stems quadrangular, the young branches
densely hirsute, the older ones more or less hirsute to glabrate, the
tips cirrose; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, up
to 11.5 cm. long and 8.5 em. wide but usually smaller, acuminate, more
or less rounded or short-attenuate at base, the costa and lateral veins
(5 or 6 pairs) prominent, the upper leaf surface hirsute or glabrescent,
the hairs sometimes arising from star-shaped bases, the lower surface,
at least the larger veins, hirsute; flowers 1 or 2, borne in the axils of
the leaves, the pedicels 1 to 3 em. long, more or less hirsute, the hairs
spreading ; bracts oblong-elliptic, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.8 em. wide,
the tip obtuse or rounded, mucronate, densely hirsute with spreading
hairs or sometimes hirtose-pubescent, the hairs about 1 mm. long,
the inner surface glabrous; calyx annular, about 0.5 mm. long, glab-
rous; corolla 2.2 to 3.7 em. long, glabrous; anthers 8 mm. long, fila-
ments (free portion) about 3 mm. long, glabrous; drupe lenticular,
compressed, ovate, 1.6 cm. long and 1 em. in diameter, glabrous.

No Colombian specimens were examined. The description was com-
piled from that of Turrill.6 Martius states in his description of
Mendozia puberula that the corolla was white with blue or purple

* Kew Bull. 1919: 420, 1919.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 23

spotted markings on the limb. Turrill cites Kalbreyer’s specimen
(No. 830) collected at Salazar, Santander, Colombia.
Forests of Surinam, Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.
12. Mendoncia sprucei Lindau
Mendoncia sprucei Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 647. 1897. Type collected
along the Rio Negro near San Gabriel da Cachoeira, Brazil, by Spruce, No.
2332. Photographs of type material from the Vienna Herbarium (photo
No. 32679) and the Berlin Herbarium (photo No. 5877) are in the U. 8.
National Herbarium.

-

Suffrutescent vine up to 7 meters high; stems slender, subterete,
sparingly hirsute or glabrous; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up
to 9 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, short acuminate at apex (the tip blunt
and bearing a slender mucro up to 2 mm. long), obtuse, rounded, or
narrowed at base, sparingly appressed-pilose or densely so on costa
and veins (3 or 4 pairs) beneath; petioles up to 4 cm. long, sparingly
appressed-pilose; flowers usually solitary in the axils of the leaves;
pedicels slender, up to 4 cm. long or more, usually sparingly appressed-
pilose; bracts ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, rounded to
acute at apex and apiculate, rounded at base, sparingly appressed-
hirtellous without, glabrous within; corolla cream-color with purple
streaks in throat, glabrous, 3 cm. long, about 8 mm. broad at throat;
fruit slightly flattened, about 2 cm. long and 10 mm. broad, purplish
black, glabrous.

Usually found in dense forests of the lower mountain slopes between
40 and 750 meters. Colombia, Peru, and Brazil.

Meta: Villavicencio, Pennell 1384 (Col, Mo, NY, US).

NORTE DE SANTANDER: El Indio, Rio Cubugén, region of Rio Sarare, Cuatrecasas

13109, in part (US).
SANTANDER: Servité, Triana, s. n. (Col).

13. Mendoncia glabrescens Leonard, sp. nov. FIGurRe 6

Frutex volubilis, caulibus glabris, nodis parce adpresso-puberulis;
lamina foliorum elliptica vel ovata vel oblonga vel obovata, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum oblique decurrens, sub-
chartacea, glabra vel costa parce puberula, pilis minutis; flores in
ealcaribus axillaribus complanatis dipositi; pedicelli parce adpresso-
puberuli; bracteae ovatae, apice obtusae et mucronulatae, ad apicem
parce et obscure adpresso-puberulae; corolla alba, lobis suborbiculari-
bus, rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; drupa ovoidea, leviter com-
pressa, glabra, caerulea.

A large branched vine up to 9 meters high; stems pale green
(Cuatrecasas), glabrous except the nodes, these sparingly and incon-
spicuously appressed-puberulous; leaves elliptic, ovate, oblong or
obovate, up to 12 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, rather fleshy, abruptly and

T7 2484

24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slenderly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base, sometimes obliquely so,
and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, or the costa bearing a few
minute whitish appressed hairs about 125y long, the upper surface
dull green, the lower a clear pale green (Cuatrecasas), the costa and
lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent; petioles up to 2.5 em.
long, glabrous or bearing a few scattered hairs similar to those on
the costa; flowers usually 5 to 7, borne on small flattened axillary
spurs, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, reaching 2 cm. at maturity, bear-
ing scattered appressed white hairs about 125. long; bracts pale
yellowish green, ovate, up to 12 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, obtuse
and mucronate at tip, pubescent toward tip, the hairs 375 to 500

Ficure 6.—Mendoncta glabrescens Leonard (Cuairecasas 17238): a, Portion of plant show-
ing inflorescence and a pair of leaves; 6, bract (inner surface) and ovary; c, stamens;
d, nodal portion of plant showing fruit and pedicel scars. (a, Half natural size; b, natural
size; c, three times natural size; d, natural size.)

long, appressed or ascending; corolla white, glabrous, 12 to 15 mm.
long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, slightly restricted above the base,
thence expanding to 5 or 6 mm. at mouth, the limb 12 to 15 mm. broad,
the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in diameter, rounded or shallowly
emarginate, more or less erose, the tube glandular-papillose within;
stamens attached 4 mm. above the base of the tube, 5 mm. long, the
anthers 8 mm. long, sagittate, aristate, the slender tip often recurved,
glandular-papillose dorsally, the tips of the basal lobes densely pilose ;
style 13 mm. long, glabrous; fruit resembling an elongated olive
(Cuatrecasas), 18 mm. long, 13 mm. broad, 6 mm. thick, glabrous,
olive when immature (Cuatrecasas), dark blue when ripe (Archer).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 25

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853791, collected at
Barco, along the Rio Cajambre, Department of El Valle, Colombia,
altitude 5 to 80 meters, April 21 to 30, 1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No.
17238).

The following specimens are probably of this species: Cuatrecasas
15205 (fruiting), collected in forest near Hacienda La Planta, on the
right bank of the Rio Anchicayé, Department of El Valle, altitude 200
to 350 meters, September 27, 1943; Cuwatrecasas 16847 (flowering), col-
lected between La Trojita and Guadualito, Department of El Valle,
altitude 0 to 5 meters, March 11, 1944; Archer 1708 (fruiting), col-
lected between La Oveja and Quibdo, Chocé, April 1 to 2, 1931;
Cuatrecasas 17182 (fruiting) (NY), also collected at Barco, along
with the type.

Archer states that the common name of the plant is Aigo silvestre
(fig of the woods) and the dark blue fruit has an odor like soap and
is said to be poisonous. The species can be recognized by its nitid
apparently glabrous leaves (hence its name glabrescens) and by its
small white flowers, their tubes bearing within and near the throat
minute spherical-tipped papillae resembling adherent pollen grains.
Olive-green fruits measured by Cuatrecasas (No. 17182) before dry-
ing proved to be 18 mm. long, 16 mm. broad, and 12 mm. thick. The
leaves and inflorescence of the type are strongly reflexed.

14. Mendoncia pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 7

Herbea volubilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, breviter sulcatis, gla-
bris vel ad nodos parce adpresso-pubescentibus; lamina foliorum ovata
vel oblonga, apice abrupte acuminata et mucronulata, basi angustata,
chartacea, glabra vel minute hirsuta, pilis in costa et venis lateralibus
pluribus; petioli glabri vel parce hirsuti; flores pauci, in calcaribus
axillaribus complanatis dispositi; pedicelli glabri vel apice adpresso-
hirsuti; bracteae suborbiculares, apice mucronulatae, parce hirsutae,
costa obscura; corolla alba, extus glabra, lobis obcordatis, reticulatis ;
ovarium glabrum.

Herbaceous climbing vine; stems subquadrangular, obscurely sul-
cate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent at and near the nodes, the hairs
straight, closely appressed, about 625 long; leaf blades ovate to ob-
long, up to 18 em. long and 6.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate (the
tip itself abruptly mucronate), rounded to narrowed at base, firm,
glabrous or sparingly and minutely hirsute especially the younger
leaves, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4
pairs), white, appressed or ascending, about 250 » long, the costa and
veins fairly prominent, the upper surface of the older leaves coarsely
reticulate; petioles up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the

26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hairs similar to those of the leaf blades; flowers usually several, borne
on flattened suborbicular axillary spurs, the pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
glabrous or bearing toward tip a few closely appressed hairs about
0.25 mm. long; bracts suborbicular, up to 11 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, mucronulate, sparingly hirsute, the hairs appressed or ascend-
ing, up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa barely conspicuous; corolla white,
glabrous (except a small area near the insertion of the stamens, this
glandular-papillose), about 1 cm. long, the tube 4 mm. broad at base,
narrowed at 1.5 mm. above base to 3 mm., expanded at mouth to 4 mm.,
the lobes obcordate, about 7 mm. long and 6 mm. wide toward tip, en-
tire, reticulate-veined ; stamens attached 3 mm. above the base of the
corolla tube, the filaments 2 mm. long, the anthers sagittate, 2.5 mm.
long, the basal lobes bearded; ovary glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in forest at Santurario, De-
partment of Caldas, Colombia, altitude 2,000 to 2,300 meters, Sep-
tember 18 or 14, 1922, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 10601). An iso-
type is in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Other collections are: Aé/lip 11175, in woodland below La Cumbre,
El Valle, altitude 1,400 to 1,700 meters, September 11 to 18, 1922 (GH,
US) ; Lawrance 761, collected at El Humbo, Boyacé (Mo).

Ficure 7.—Mendoncia pennellit Leonard (Pennell 10601): a, Nodal portion of plant show-
ing a pair of leaves, spurs, and two flowers; b, a corolla lobe; c, stamen. (a, Half natural
size; b, slightly larger than natural size; c, twice natural size.)

Mendoncia pennellii is closely related to M. glabrescens, differin.
chiefly in its almost glabrous corolla, the lobes being obcordate and
entire instead of suborbicular and erose as if M. glabrescens, and by
the thicker less slenderly acuminate leaf blades, their surfaces, at least
those of the younger leaves, being more hirsute.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 27

15. Mendoncia glomerata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 8

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, strigosis ; lamina foliorum
ovata, apice acuminata, mucronata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, in
petiolum decurrens, membranacea, substrigosa, pilis adpressis vel
ascendentibus; flores pauci vel numerosi, axillares; pedicelli sericei,
pilis adpressis vel ascendentibus; bracteae ovatae, apice rotundatae
vel obtusae, basi subrotundatae, dense et molliter sericeae, pilis sub-
adpressis; corolla alba, extus glabra vel subglabra, intus puberula,
limbo obliquo; calyx chartaceus, integer; ovarium glabrum.

Ficure 8.—Mendoncia glomerata Leonard (Klug 1710): a, Leaf; b, inflorescence; c, drupe;
d, flower, showing calyx, disc, and pistil lying on the inner surface of a bract; ¢, corolla;
f,stamen. (a-e, Natural size; f, twice natural size.)

Shrubby vine; stem subterete, grooved, strigose; leaf blades ovate,
up to 8 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, acuminate and tipped by a mucro 1 to
3 mm. long at apex, rounded or obtuse at base and decurrent on the
petiole, drying dark brown, thin, veiny, sparingly strigose or glabrate,
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (4 pairs) ; petioles
up to 2.5 cm. long, strigose; flowers several to numerous, forming com-
pact axillary clusters; pedicels 1 cm. long or less, sericeous, the hairs
,pressed or ascending; bracts ovate, up to 12 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse at apex, apiculate, rounded at base, densely
and softly sericeous, the dirs subappressed, whitish; corolla white, 1
to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous or subglabrous without, puberulous within,

892687T—51——3

28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the limb oblique, the basal lobes of the anthers terminating in pu-
bescent discs; calyx chartaceous, entire; style 1 cm. long; ovary
glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1517993, collected in
forest at Umbria, Comisarfa of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 325
meters, by G. Klug (No. 1710). Isotypes in the herbaria of the New
York Botanical Garden and the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Mendoncia glomerata is a very distinct species, easily recognized
by its relatively small and densely soft silky pubescent bracts and by
the dense clusters of numerous small white flowers. The specific name
glomerata alludes to the inflorescence.

16. Mendoncia rosea Leonard, sp. nov. FIGure 9

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, adpresso-pubes-
centibus, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata,
apice acuminata, mucronata, basi rotundata vel obtusa, supra parce
hirtella, subtus molliter pubescens; petioli dense hirtelli, pilis fulvis;
flores solitarii, axillares; pedicelli dense adpresso-hirtelli; bracteae
oblongo-ovatae, apice obtusae vel rotundatae, basi rotundatae vel sub-
iruncatae, dense et molliter adpresso-hirtellae, pilis curvatis, fulvis;
corolla glabra, lobis ovalibus, apice rotundatis; calyx subinteger;
ovarium dense pilosulum, pilis fulvis.

Suffrutescent vine; stem subquadrangular, appressed-pubescent, the
hairs curved, about 1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up
to 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acute or gradually to somewhat abruptly
acuminate and tipped by a mucro 1.5 mm. long, rounded or obtuse
at base, rather sparingly hirtellous above (hairs ascending curved,
about 0.5 mm. long), velvety pubescent beneath, the hairs curved,
ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, more numerous and appressed on costa
and veins (4 pairs) ; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, densely hirtellous, the
hairs appressed or ascending, fulvous; flowers solitary, axillary; pedi-
cels 4 to 5 cm. long, densely appressed-hirtellous, the hairs fulvous;
bracts reddish pink, oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide, obtuse or
rounded at apex and tipped by a mucro 1 mm. long, rounded or sub-
truncate at base, densely and softly appressed-hirtellous, the hairs
curved, fulvous; corolla (immature) red ?, glabrous, 2 em. long, 7 mm.
broad at base, narrowed just above the ovary to 4 mm., thence en-
larged to 6 mm. but contracted to 4 mm. at throat, the lobes oval,
3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, rounded at apex; anthers sagittate, the
lobes bearing longitudinally a ventral band of small brownish papil-
lose hairs; calyx subentire, brownish pilosulous except the glabrous
margin; densely fulvous-pilosulous; style glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1351252, collected in
woods on Mesa de los Santos, Department of Santander, Colombia,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 29

altitude 1,500 meters, December 11-15, 1926, by E. P. Killip & A. C.
Smith (No. 15368). Isotype in the herbarium of the New York Bo-
tanical Garden.

Mendoncia rosea is closely related to M. coccinea Vell. but is dis-
tinguishable by its smaller densely fulvous pilosulous bracts (these
truncate or more broadly rounded at the base) and by its acute grad-
ually to somewhat abruptly acuminate leaf blades. The name rosea
alludes to the reddish-pink bracts.

Ficure 9.—Mendoncia rosea Leonard (Killip t$ Smith 15368): a, Node, showing stem and
a leaf; b, bract; c, flower showing calyx, disc, and pistil on inner face of bract; d, stamen,
(a, Half natural size; b and ¢, natural size; d, about twice natural size.)

17. Mendoncia coccinea Vell.
Mendoncia coccinea Vell. Fl. Flum. 263. 1790; Fl. Flum. Ic. 6: pl. 86. 1827.
Type locality: “Silvis maritimis Pharmacopolitanis,” Brazil.

Mendozia velloziana Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 22, pl. 210. 1829. Type col-

lected in Brazil by Vellozo. Several paratypes are cited, all from Brazil.

Mendoncia velloziana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 52. 1847, Based on Mendozia

velloziana Mart.

Stems (at least the upper portions), petioles, pedicels, and bracts
densely and softly silky hirsute, the hairs tawny, appressed or ascend-
ing; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, obtuse,
rounded or short-acuminate, sometimes tipped by a small mucro
(1 mm. long), obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, scabrous above
and hirtellous, the hairs minute, less than 0.5 mm. long, curved, ap-
pressed or ascending, arising from star-shaped bases, more numerous
on costa and veins (4 pairs), beneath copiously and softly pubescent
with curved ascending hairs, these about 0.75 mm. long; flowers 1 or 2
in each axil; pedicels 2 to 5 cm. long; bracts oblong-ovate to lance-
ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse and apiculate, rounded
at base, purplish before drying, the hairs fulvous, closely appressed,

30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

up to 1 mm. long, the costa prominent; calyx 1 mm. long, undulate,
glabrous; corolla red, 3 cm. long, 5 mm. broad at throat, slightly
constricted below the middle, swollen at base, the lobes rounded, 2 to 3
mm. long, 2 mm. wide; ovary hirtellous toward tip; style glabrous;
fruit obovoid, compressed, keeled, glabrous at least when mature,
usually tipped by the persistent style.

The ripe fruit (Ynes Mexia 4508, Minas Gerais, Brazil) is dark
purple.

The Caquetd specimen cited here was taken from a plant growing
among rocks in a thicket at 400 meters, on March 29, 1940. The bracts
of the Triana specimen from Meta do not exceed 20 mm. in length or
18 mm. in width. In contrast, those of the Triana specimen (without
locality) cited by Turrill as the type of M. coccinea var. elliptica are
30 mm. long and 20 mm. wide. Thus these two Triana specimens
represent different entities.

Forests. Brazil and southern Colombia.

CaqueTA: Florencia, Quebrada de las Perdices, Cuatrecasas 8859 (US).

Meta: Apiai, Llano de San Martin, Triana (Col).

17a. Mendoncia coccinea var. elliptica Turrill
Mendoncia coccinea var. elliptica Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 417. 1919. Type
collected in Colombia by J. Triana.

Bracts broadly elliptic, 2.5 to 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. In other
respects similar to the typical form.
Forests of Colombia.

NorTE DE SANTANDER: El Indio, Rfo Cubujén, 420-480 m. alt., region of Rio
Sarare, Cuatrecasas 13109, in part (US).

17b. Mendoncia coccinea var. sparatteria (Mart.) Turrill

Mendozia velloziana Mart. var. sparatteria Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 23.
1829. Type locality: Brazil. The word sparatteria is probably derived
from orapdécow, to tear asunder, but the allusion is obscure.

Mendoncia velloziana var. sparatteria Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 52, 1847.
Based on Mendozia velloziana var. sparatteria Mart.

Mendoncia coccinea var. sparatteria Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 416. 1919.
Based on Mendozia velloziana var. sparatteria Mart.

Mendoncia fulva Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 646. 1897. Type collected
between Panure and the Rio Uaupés, Brazil, by Spruce (No. 2688). Type
in the Berlin Herbarium. A photograph (No. 5869) of this type is in the
U. S. National Herbarium. An isotype is in the Gray Herbarium.

Leaf blades elliptic to ovate, obtuse to sharply acute or short-acumi-
nate; bracts up to 3 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide, truncate at base ; densely
yellowish pubescent, the hairs subappressed, more or less curved, up
to 1 mm. long; fruit puberulous. Otherwise resembling the typical
form.

In Minas Gerais this plant is known as raiz preta and is used as a
purgative for cattle (Mexia 4135). No Colombian specimens were

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 31

seen, but since Spruce 2683 was collected between Panure and the Rio
Uaupés, near the Colombia-Brazilian border, the variety has been
included in this treatment.

Forests of Brazil and possibly Colombia.

18. Mendoncia litoralis Leonard, sp. nov. FIcurE 10

Frutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, sursum dense pilosis, deor-
sum subglabrescentibus, pilis sursum incurvo-adpressis, brunneis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel elliptica, apice acuminata, basi obtusa vel
subacuta, supra minute hirsuta vel subglabrescens, pilis e basi stellata
orientibus instructa, subtus hirsuta, pilis adpressis brunneis, costa et
venis aliquanto prominentibus; petioli dense hirsuti, pilis adpressis vel
paulo patentibus; flores solitarii, axillares; pedicelli dense hirsuti, pilis
patentibus vel retrorsis, brunneis; bracteae ovatae, apice rotundatae et
apiculatae, basi rotundatae, intus glabrae, extus hirsutae, pilis patenti-
bus; drupa orbiculata, glabra.

Ficure 10.—Mendoncia litoralis Leonard (Cuatrecasas 17529): a, Node showing leaf; },
node showing fruit; c, node showing pedicel, inner surface of bract, and pistil; d, portion
of the upper surface of a leaf blade showing hairs. (a-c, Half natural size; d, about
three times natural size.)

Vines; stems subterete, densely hirsute above to glabrate below,
the hairs straight, closely and upwardly appressed, yellowish brown,
about 1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, 6 to 10 cm. long, 3.5
to 6.5 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate at tip, obtuse or acutish at base,
the upper surface minutely hirsute or subglabrous, more or less rugose,
roughened by the small obscure stellate hair bases, the lower surface

32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

appressed-hirsute, the hairs of the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5
pairs) about 1 mm. long, those of the interspaces about 0.5 mm. long,
their bases raised and stellate but not so prominently as those of the
hairs of the upper surface, all yellowish brown, the venation of both
surfaces rather prominent; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, densely hirsute,
the hairs appressed or slightly spreading, about 1 mm. long; flowers
usually solitary in the axils of the leaf blades; pedicels about 1.5 cm.
jong, densely pilose, the hairs spreading or retrorsely spreading, 7,
to 1.5 mm. long, yellowish brown; bracts ovate, 15 to 17 mm. long,
9 to 10 mm. wide, rounded and minutely apiculate at tip, rounded at
base, glabrous within, hirsute without, the hairs spreading, 1 to 1.5
mm. long, yellowish brown, arising from rounded scalelike bases;
corollas not seen; ovary glabrous; style about 12 mm. long, glabrous;
drupe orbicular, 1.8 em. long, 1.4 cm. broad, 5 mm. thick, glabrous.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1853796, collected at
Silva, on the Rio Cajambre, near the Pacific coast, Department of El
Valle, Colombia, altitude 5 to 80 meters, May 5 to 15, 1944, by J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 17529).

In general appearance Mendoncia litoralis strongly resembles M.
gracilis, but it can be readily separated by the spreading pubescence
of pedicels and bracts.

19. Mendoncia gracilis Turrill
Mendoncia gracilis Turrill, Kew Bull. 1919: 418, 1919. The type was col-
lected at Mesa Grande on the Rio Negro, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 1,200 to 1,300 meters, by Lehmann, No. 8792, and is deposited in
the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Stem subquadrangular, appressed-hirsute, the hairs tawny; leaf
blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 14 em. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide, acute
or acuminate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, firm, rather sparingly
hirsute above (hairs arising from star-shaped bases), rather densely
pubescent beneath, the hairs tawny, curved, ascending, the costa, veins
(4 or 5 pairs), and veinlets prominent; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, hirsute,
the hairs appressed to ascending; flowers 1 to several in each axil;
pedicels 2 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs appressed to ascending;
bracts elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5 cm. long, 0.8 to 1 cm. wide, obtuse
and apiculate at apex, rounded at base, rather sparingly appressed-
hirtellous; corolla white, proximally lined with reddish brown, 2.5
cm. long, 5 mm. broad at throat, the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm.
long and wide, shallowly emarginate; fruit elliptic-obovoid, slightly
compressed, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 1 to 1.2 em. broad, glabrous.

Fields, pastures, and thickets on mountain slopes from 1,100 to 2,080
meters. Colombia.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 30

ANTIOQUIA: Jardin, southwest of Antioquia, Bro. Daniel 2974 (GH, US).
La Suiza, near Titiribf, Archer 818 (US). Tamesis, vicinity of Medellin, Toro
960 (NY).

CUNDINAMARCA: Above Sasaima, Estacion Santana, Dugand & Jaramillo 3871
(US).

Cauca: Quindio, Triana s. n. (Col.).

Ex VALLE: Vicinity of La Cumbre, Killip 11584 (NY, US). Miraflores, Palmira,
Killip 6147 (NY, US). Alto de Miravalle, vicinity of Leonera, Cuatrecasas
18314 (US).

Totima: Road from Fresno to Falfn, Cafion del Rio Guallt, Garcta-Barriga
8337 (US).

Ficure 11.—Mendoncia giloa Leonard (Haught 1799): a, Node showing flower and pair of
leaves; b, bract and pedicel; c, bract (inner surface), disc, and pistil. (All natural size.)

34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

20. Mendoncia gilva Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 11

Herba vel suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus tenuiter pilosis
vel ad nodos pilosis, pilis adpressis vel adscendentibus, fulvis; lamina
foliorum oblonga-elliptica, subfalcata, apice acuminata, mucronata,
basi angustata, tenuis, parce strigosa vel in costa et venis lateralibus
dense strigosa ; petioli pilosi; flores solitaril; bracteae ovatae vel ellip-
ticae, apice rotundatae vel obtusae, mucronatae, basi rotundatae,
pilosae, pilis fulvis; corolla gilva, lobis ovatis, emarginatis; pistillum
glabrum.

Slender herbaceous or suffrutescent vines; stems subterete, moder-
ately pilose or densely so at the nodes, the hairs appressed or ascending,
1 to 2mm. long, fulvous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, slenderly acumin-
ate, the tip subfalcate and tipped by a slender mucro about 3 mm. long,
narrowed at base, thin, rather sparingly strigose, the hairs more nu-
merous and more fulvous on costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs), these
inconspicuous; petioles 2 to 3 cm. long, sparingly pilose, the hairs
ascending; flowers solitary; pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long, pilose, the hairs
ascending, about 1 mm. long, light fulvous; bracts ovate to elliptic,
2 cm. long, 14 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse and mucronulate at apex,
rounded at base, moderately pilose, the hairs appressed to ascending,
1 to 1.5 mm. long, light fulvous; corolla 3 em. long, cream color, glab-
rous, 8 cm. long, the tube about 4 mm. broad at base, slightly con-
stricted above ovary, thence enlarged to about 8 mm. at throat, the
lobes ovate, about 5 mm. long, emarginate; ovary, style, and calyx
(entire) glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1662515, collected in the
San Juan Valley near Puerto Berrio, between Rio Carare and Rio
Magdalena, Department of Santander, Colombia, altitude 100 to 700
meters, June 19, 1935, by Oscar Haught (No. 1799).

Mendoncia gilva is closely related to M. odorata. When compared
with this species it can be easily recognized by its solitary flowers and
by the much longer and less appressed hairs of the more densely
pilose bracts. The name gélva alludes to the cream-colored flowers.

21, Mendoncia odorata Leonard, sp. nov. FIGure 12

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus vel teretibus,
striatis, parce adpresso-hirtellis vel glabratis; lamina foliorum ovata
vel ovato-elliptica, acuminata, mucronata, basi acuta vel obtusa, parce
adpresso-hirtella vel glabrata, pilis supra e basi stellata orientibus in-
structa; flores axillares, fragrantes; pedicelli adpresso-hirtelli; brac-
teae ovatae vel oblongo-ovatae, obtusae, minute apiculatae, extus parce
adpresso-hirtellae, intus glabrae; corolla subflava, lobis suborbicular-
ibus; drupa ovoidea, leviter compressa, glabra.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 35

A suffrutescent vine up to 5 meters high; branches subquadrangular
to terete, striate, sparingly appressed-hirtellous to glabrate; leaf
blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, up to 11 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, grad-
ually to abruptly acuminate (the tip blunt and ending in a mucro
about 2 mm. long), acute or obtuse at base, thin, sparingly appressed-
hirtellous or glabrate, the hairs of the upper surface produced from
star-shaped bases, the costa and veins (3 or 4 pairs) inconspicuous;

Ficure 12.—Mendoncia odorata Leonard (Haught 2494): a, Leaf; b, inflorescence; ¢, flower
with corolla and one bract removed to show disc and pistil; d, stamen; ¢, capsule. (a, b,
¢, ¢, Natural size; d, twice natural size.)

petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; flowers 1
to several in each axil; pedicels up to 1.5 cm. long, appressed-hirtel-
lous; bracts ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, ob-
tuse and minutely apiculate at apex, rounded at base, sparingly ap-
pressed-hirtellous without, the hairs 0.5 mm, long or less, glabrous
within; corolla cream with brownish markings, glabrous, fragrant,
up to 3 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at base, narrowed 5 mm. above base to

36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3 or 4 mm., thence enlarged to 8 mm. at throat, 2-lipped, the lobes
suborbicular, about 5 mm. in diameter; calyx glabrous, subentire;
ovary and style glabrous; drupe ovoid, slightly compressed, 1.5 cm.
long, barely 1 cm. broad, about 4 mm. thick, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1706847, collected in
second growth along the Rfo Negrito, 70 km. east of Villavicencio, In-
tendencia of Meta, Colombia, December 25, 1938, by Oscar Haught
(No. 2494).

Other collections are: Caparrapf, in Cundinamarca, altitude 1,260
meters, Garcia-Barriga 7720 (US); in the high forests of Mount
Chapén, 3,000 feet, Bayaca, Lawrance 363 (Mo, NY).

Mendoncia odorata resembles M. gracilis in many respects but can be
separated by its sparingly pilose stems. In M. gracilis the stem hairs
are more numerous and usually closely appressed. The veins and vein-
lets of the leaf blades of M. gracilis are often much more prominent
than those of Mf. odorata. The name odorata alludes to the fragrant
flowers (Haught 2494), .

22. Mendoncia mutisii Leonard, sp. nov. Fieure 13

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, strigosis; lamina
foliorum oblonga, apice acuminata, mucronata, basi angustata, sub-
membranacea, supra parce pubescens, pilis e basi stellata orientibus
instructa, subtus dense adpresso-pubescens, pilis in costa et venis
Jateralibus pluribus; flores solitarii vel parci; pedicelli adpresso-
pubescentes; bracteae ellipticae, apice rotundatae et apiculatae, basi
rotundatae, adpresso-pubescentes; corollae lobi emarginati; ovarium
glabrum.

Stem subquadrangular, fulvous-strigose, the hairs closely appressed,
about 0.75 mm. long; leaf blades oblong to oblong-ovate, up to 9 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex and tipped by a mucro
about 1 mm. long, narrowed at base, rather thin, sparingly hirtellous
above (hairs ascending, slightly less than 0.5 mm. long, arising from
star-shaped bases), rather copiously hirtellous beneath, the hairs
curved, ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, those on the costa and veins
(4 pairs) more numerous and more closely appressed ; petioles up to
1 cm. long, densely fulvous, appressed-pilosulous; flowers 1 to several
in the axils; pedicels 1.5 cm. long, densely fulvous, appressed-
pilosulous; bracts elliptic, 12 to 13 mm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide, rounded
and apiculate at apex, rounded at base, rather copiously hirtellous
without, the hairs curved, ascending or appressed, about 0.5 mm. long;
pistil glabrous; calyx subentire, glabrous; corolla (immature) 1 cm.
long, the lobes oval, 3 mm. long, 3 to 4mm. wide, emarginate; anthers
sagittate, slightly curved, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, mucro-
nate at tip, one basal lobe slightly longer than the other, both puber-
ulous at tip; drupe not seen.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 37

Ficure 13.—Mendoncia mutisii Leonard (Mutis 916): a, Node, showing leaf and inflores-
cense; b, flower showing calyx, disc, and pistil on inner face of bract; ¢, tip of immature
corolla spread to show lobation; d, stamen. (a, b, Natural size; ¢, d, about twice natural

size.)

Ficure 14.—Mendoncia cuatrecasasii Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11134): a, Leaf; b, node showing
corolla; c, node above that pictured in b, showing unopened flowers; d, calyx, disc, and
pistil; ¢, stamen. (a-c, Natural size; d, about four times natural size; ¢, about three times
natural size.)

38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1562336, collected in
Colombia by J. C. Mutis (No. 916).

Mendoncia mutisii is probably related to Af. albida, but it has much
smaller flowers and a more appressed pubescence.

23. Mendoncia cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov, FIcurE 14

Herba vel suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel
minute strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblonga, apice
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, chartacea, glabra
vel in costa et venis lateralibus minute strigosa; flores fasciculati;
bracteae ellipticae utrinque rotundatae, apice mucronatae, extus
minute strigosae, intus glabrae; corolla subflava, extus glabra, lobis
intus ex parte puberulis; stamina barbata; calyx subhyalinus, erosus;
stylus et ovarium et discus glabri.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent vines; stems subterete, olabrous or in-
conspicuously and minutely strigose; leaf blades oblong-ovate to
oblong, short-acuminate at apex (the tip blunt and often mucronate),
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, drying yellowish brown,
firm, glabrous, or the costa and lateral veins (4 pairs) inconspicuously
and closely strigose; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or minutely
strigose; flowers usually about 10, borne on short fan-shaped spurs,
these axillary or terminating the short branches; pedicels about 1 cm.
long, minutely strigose; bracts elliptic, 8 to 10 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm.
wide, rounded at both ends, apiculate at apex, inconspicuously strigose,
the hairs minute and closely appressed; corolla yellowish white,
glabrous without, 2 cm. long, the tube 5 to 10 mm. long, the limb
oblique, the lobes rounded, about 5 mm. long, an oblique lateral area
of the inner surface of each lobe papillose-puberulous; calyx subhya-
line, erose; style and ovary glabrous; fruit not seen.

‘Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected along the
San Miguel River, in damp forest of Quebrada de la Hormiga, Comi-
saria of Putumayo, Colombia, altitude 290 meters, December 17, 1940,
by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 11134). Fragment of type in the U. S.
National Herbarium, No. 1830082.

Mendoncia cuatrecasasii is related to M. glomerata Leonard but dif-
fers in certain well-marked characters. In M. cuatrecasaséé the leaf
blades are oblong-ovate to oblong instead of strictly ovate; they are
firm, drying yellowish brown, instead of being thin and drying dark
brown as in Hf. glomerata. The corollas are yellowish white, not pure
white. The most contrasting character, however, lies in the bracts; in
this new species they are inconspicuously and closely strigose, with the
hairs minute (0.5 mm. long), but in I. glomerata they are soft and
silky, the hairs loosely appressed and much longer (1 mm. long).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 39

24. Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 15

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, parce et minute
strigosis, pilis sursum incurvis; lamina foliorum ovata vel elliptica,
apice breviter acuminata et apiculata, basi rotundata, glabra vel parce

strigosa, costa et venis subtus prominentibus; petioli glabri vel sub-

glabri; flores in calcaribus axillaribus complanatis dispositi ; pedi-
celli tenues, glabri, vel subglabri; bracteae parvae, ovatae, apice acutae,
basi rotundatae, parce et minute adpresso-hirsutae; corolla parva,
subviridis; ovarium glabrum.

Ficure 15.—Mendoncia microchlamys Leonard (Lawrance 264): a, Node showing leaf and
inflorescence; 6, bracts; c, dissected corolla (immature). (a, Natural size; 5, twice natural
size; c, about four times natural size.)

High climbing vines; stems subquadrangular, drying black, spar-
ingly rand minutely strigose, the hairs upwardly curved, 0.25 mm. long;
internodes 10 to 11 cm. long; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, 5.5 to 8.5 cm.
long, 3.3 to 5.3 cm. wide, short- acuminate and apiculate at tip, rounded
at base, rather firm, drying black above and dark olive-brown beneath,
glabrous or the costa of the undersurface bearing a few minute hairs,
the costa and lateral veins (8 pairs) obscure above, more prominent
beneath; petioles 1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the

40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hairs 0.25 mm. long; flowers about 4, borne on short flattened axillary
spurs; pedicels slender, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, subquadrate, glabrous or
bearing a few minute hairs; bracts thick, ovate, blackened, 5 to 6 mm.
long, 3.5 to 4 mm. wide, acute, rounded at base, sparingly and minutely
appressed-hirsute, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; corolla greenish
white (immature), 2 mm. long, the lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long and
0.75 mm. wide; ovary glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
thick forest in the region of Mount Chapén, Department of Boyacé,
Colombia, “altitude 3,600 feet,” June 29, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance
(No. 264).

Another collection is: Los Carpatos, Rfo Pichindé, El Valle, alti-
tude 1,900 to 2,100 meters, Cuatrecasas 21641, U. S. National Her-
barium, No. 1951303. Cuatrecasas accompanies his specimen with the
following notes: An enormous vine, the stems clear sepia, whitish in
cross section, the branches leafy, dull green, fleshy, and the bracts
pale green.

Mendoncia microchlamys is easily recognized, as the specific name
indicates, by its minute bracts and extremely small greenish-white
flowers,

Subfamily 3. THUNBERGIOIDEAE

Thunbergioideae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 43. 1893; Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 291. 1895.

Vines or shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, toothed or lobed, petioled;
cystoliths none; flowers axillary, pediceled, subtended by 2 usually
conspicuous but free bracts; calyx annular or toothed; corollas usually
conspicuous, white, yellow, or blue, the tube more or less curved and
ventricose, the limb 5-lobed; stamens 4, the anthers 2-celled, the basal
lobes blunt or spurred; pollen of the “Furchenpollen” (furrowed) or
“Kammradpollen” (cog-wheeled) type; capsule beaked; seeds 2 in
each cell; retinacula none, the funicles pulvinate.

Three genera are allotted to this subfamily, Thunbergia, Pseudo-
calyx, and Meyenéa, all of African or Asiatic origin. Of these only a
few cultivated or escaped species of Thunbergia are likely to be met
with in the Western Hemisphere. Z'hunbergia alata has become so
thoroughly established in some regions that it may appear to be native.

5. THUNBERGIA Retz.

Thunbergia Retz. Phys. Sillsk. Handl. 1: 168. 1776. The genus Thunbergia
was named for Carl Peter Thunberg, a Swedish student of Linnaeus’. He
traveled in South Africa and Japan writing floras of these regions.
The genus is chiefly African, and it is indeed doubtful if any of its species

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 41

will ever be found native to the Americas. A dozen or more species occur
in tropical or subtropical America, either under cultivation or as escapes.
Type species: Thunbergia capensis Retz. (Africa).

Herbaceous vines, or shrubs; leaves usually hastate or cordate ; flow-
ers large, peduncled, axillary or borne in terminal racemes; bracts 2,
foliaceous, large; calyx short, cupuliform, truncate or many-toothed ;
corolla with a slender tube enlarged into a spreading 5-lobed limb;
stamens 4, didynamous, borne near the base of the corolla tube, the
anthers with an apiculate connective, the lobes mucronulate at base;
disc fleshy; ovary fleshy, the style dilated at apex; ovules 2 in each
cavity; capsule coriaceous, abruptly flat-beaked, loculicidally dehis-
cent; seeds semi-globose, with a large excavation on the inner side.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Petioles winged.

Corolla usually orange or yellow with a dark purple eye_--------- 1. T. alata

Corolla pure white _--- la. T. alata var. bakeré
Petioles not winged.

Calyx bearing about 12 slender, subulate teeth ; corolla

3 cm. long or less, pure white 2. T. fragrans
Calyx annular; corolla 5 to 6 cm. long, blue or rarely white__ 3. T. grandiflora

1. Thunbergia alata Bojer

Thunbergia alata Bojer; Sims, Bot. Mag. 52: pl. 2591. 1825. Type grown
from seeds procured in Mauritius. The name alata alludes to the winged
petioles.

A pubescent trailing or climbing vine usually about 1 meter long;
leaves ovate to triangular-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute at apex, cordate
or hastate at base, entire or remotely few-toothed, pubescent; petiole
wing-margined, as long as the leaf blades or shorter ; peduncles mostly
longer than the petioles; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
pubescent, about 1.5 cm. long; corolla 2.5 to 4 cm. long, yellow or
orange usually with a dark purple eye; capsule depressed-globose,
pubescent, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, its stout beak about 1 cm. long.

Fields, along trails, edges of thickets, gardens, and open waste
places in general. The specimens cited were collected 940 to 1,700
meters altitude. Tropical America, southern and eastern Africa,
Hong Kong, Guam, Amboina, Philippine Islands.

ANTIOQUIA: Medellin, Archer 47 (US); Toro 12 (US). Valparaiso, Pennell
10802 (GH, Ph, US).

CALDAS: Wayside below Apia, Pennell 10291 (GH, NY). Roadside west of
Armenia, Pennell, Killip, d Hazen 8635 (GH, Ph, NY, US).

CUuNDINAMARCA: El Colegio, Bro. Ariste Joseph 1055 (US). Juntas, Lehmann
1854 (US). La Esperanza, Garcta-Barriga 4704 (US). Along stream above Mel-
gar, Pennell 2842 (US). Sasaima, Bro. Nicéforo Maria s. n. (U8).

42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ex. VALLE: Roadside near Cali, Pérez-Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 6333 (US).
Roadsides between Cabuyal and Solorza, Cuatrecasas 14461 (US). Vicinity of
Zaragoza, Cuatrecasas 22764 (US).

la. Thunbergia alata var. bakeri Hort. (A color variant.)

Flowers white, in other respects resembling the typical form. Color
variants of 7’. alata are common. Many of these have been recognized
as horticultural varieties or have actually been described as valid var-
leties or species. It is, however, difficult if not impossible to distin-
guish between these forms or varieties unless fresh flowers are exam-
ined or the dried specimens are accompanied by full color notes. The
following key will serve to separate the entities listed in Bailey’s
Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture:

Leaves variegated___ - --. I. aurantiaca subvar. doddsii Paxt.

Leaves green.
Corolla uniform in color.

Corolla pure white-__-__-__-.------ T. alata var. bakeri Hort.
Corolla sulphur yellow____--__-__--__--___._. T. sulphurea Hort,
Corolla yellow___----__-__--_------ T. lutea Hort,
Corolla with eye.
Corolla white with dark center_____________ __ T. alata var. alba Paxt,
Corolla bright orange with dark center_____..______ T. aurantiaca Paxt.
Corolla pale orange with white center_____....._... | T. fryeri Hort.
Corolla orange, yellow, buff, or cream with dark center___.. 7. alata Bojer

CUNDINAMARCA: Field near La Vega, Pérez-Arbveldez & Cuatrecasas 52346 (US).

2. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Ficure 16

Thunbergia fragrans Roxb, Pl. Coromand. 1: 47, 1795. Type collected at

Samulecotah, India.

Thunbergia volubdilis Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 179. 1806. Type collected in India

and deposited in the herbarium of Jussieu, Paris.

A slender finely pubescent vine up to 2 meters long, usually climb-
ing; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at apex, hastate or
cordate at base, entire or remotely few-toothed toward base; petioles
slender, 1 to 4 cm. long; flowers axillary; peduncles 2 to 7 cm. long;
bracts lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; corolla white,
2.5 to 3 cm. long, the lobes crenate, nearly as long as the tube; capsule
depressed-globose, about 8 mm. in diameter, tipped by a stout flattened
subulate beak 1 to 1.5 cm. long.

VERNACULAR NAME: Enredadera blanca, pico de ave (Duque-Jara-
millo 1804, 1936).

Roadsides, thickets, waste grounds in general. Naturalized after
cultivation. Found in tropical regions throughout most parts of the
world. Although specifically named fragrans there is considerable
difference of opinion as to whether the flowers are actually fragrant.
Some find them so, others find them fragrant only at certain times
during the day, and still others fail entirely to detect any marked
odor.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 43

ANTIOQULA: Titiribf, vicinity of Medellin, Toro 554 (NY). Valparaiso, vicinity
of Medellin, Toro 1689 (NY).

Botivar: Vicinity of Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 410 (US).

CHoo6: Clearing at Andagoya, Killip 35365 (US).

CuNDINAMARCA: Girardot, Pérez-Arbeldez 382 (US). Jerusalem, Pérez-Ar-
beldez 577 (US).

Cauca: Orchards, Candelaria to Palmira, Duque-Jamarillo 1396 (Valle).

EL VatLe: Andalucia, Dryander 413 (US). Orchards and gardens, Cali,
Duque-Jaramillo 1804 (US).

Ficure 16.—Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. (a, Killip 35365; b, Pérez-Arbeldez 577; c-e,
Dryander 413): a, Node showing inflorescence and a pair of leaves; b, capsule; c, a valve
of the capsule; d, placenta septum showing the large papilliform retinacula; ¢, seed show-
ing mouth of excavation. (All natural size.)

8. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb.
Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. Hort. Beng. 45. 1814; Fl. Ind. 3: 34, 1882.
Type collected near Calcutta, India.
Thunbergia cordifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 55. 1847. Type collected at
Assam and deposited in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.

A large herbaceous or suffrutescent finely pubescent vine twining
up high trees; tips of stems subquadrangular and narrowly winged on
the angles; leaf blades ovate, up to 20 cm. long and wide, acuminate at
apex, cordate or hastate at base (basal sinus usually broad and
rounded), often coarsely toothed or lobed below the middle; petioles
up to 10 cm. long; flowers axillary or borne on slender bracted, termi-

892687—51—_—4

44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

nal and often recurved racemes; spathe 2-valved, the valves obliquely
oblong, up to 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acuminate, striate-nerved
and bearing small scattered black dots; corolla white or light blue,
campanulate, up to 6 cm. long, the limb about 5 cm. broad; stamens
included, the exterior cell of each posterior anther armed with a rigid
sharp white curved spur about 3 mm. long; capsule globular, 16 mm.
in diameter, tipped by a stout beak about 2 cm. long.

Gardens, thickets, forests. Planted or established as an escape in
tropical regions throughout many parts of the world.

ATLANTIcO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 794 (US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Girardot, Pérez-Arbeldez 379 (US). Granja Cafetera En-
rique Soto, La Esperanza, Gutiérrez 410 (GH).

Subfamily 4. ACANTHOIDEAE

Acanthoideae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 48. 1893.
Retinacula subulate, usually curved, truncate and more or less
fimbriate at tip, aestivation of corolla lobes contorted or imbricate.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Corollas contorted at aestivation; stamens usually 4 ____________ A, CONTORTAB
Corollas imbricate at aestivation; stamens usually 2 -...._____ B. IMBRICATAE

Series A. CONTORTAE
Contortae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 43. 1893.

Of the seven tribes listed by Dalla Torre and Harms (Genera
Siphonogamarum), the following five are represented by one or more
genera in Colombia:

1. Trichanthereae
2. Hygrophileae
3. Petalidieae

4. Ruellieae

5. Barlerieae

A key to the tribes has been constructed by Lindau (Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 287. 1891). His key, however, is based chiefly
on pollen characters. Since pollen characters are very difficult to
observe, the following artificial key based on more discernible traits
will serve to separate the Colombian genera of these tribes:

Calyx segments very dissimilar, the posterior one usually the largest, the anterior
pair more or less united; flowers borne in dense terminal spikes,

Corolla large, 3 cm. long or more, subregular_____-____--________ 13, Barleria
Corollas small, about 5 mm. long, 2-lipped.
Flowers secund__________________ 11, Phaylopsis
Flowers not secund - --- 14, Teliostachya

Calyx regular or nearly so; inflorescence various.
Shrubs or small trees; calyx segments often rounded or obtuse at tip.
Basal lobes of the anther muticous -~--------_- 7. Trichanthera

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 45

Basal lobes of the anther calcarate.
Corolla white, campanulate, about 2 cm. long or less; flowers borne in

large loose panicles 6. Bravaisia
Corolla red or yellow, tubular, usually 4 cm. long or more; flowers borne
in spikes, the rachis simple or branched---_-..------- 8. Sanchezia

Herbs, often more or less suffrutescent (rarely shrubs) ; calyx segments subu-
late or lanceolate, usually acute or acuminate.
Corolla 2-lipped; flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary; capsule cylin-
dric ___- _._ 9. Hygrophila
Corolla regular or nearly so; inflorescence various ; capsules stipitate.
Flowers borne in dense terminal quadrifarious spikes, the bracts closely
imbricate__._ 10, Blechum
Flowers axillary, or borne in loose terminal or axillary cymes or panicles
(rarely in terminal heads) bracts usually small, rarely large and
imbricate . 12. Ruellia

Tribe 1, TRICHANTHEREAB Lindau
Trichanthereae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 44. 1893.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees; calyx 5-parted, the lobes rounded at tip;
corolla regularly 5-lobed; stamens 2 or 3, free or united at the base into

pairs; staminodes 2 or none; capsules oblong, short-stipitate; seeds

2 to 8.
KEY TO THE GENERA

Stamens 4; corolla campanulate, the tube relatively short.

Anther cells spurred at base ._ 6. Bravaisia
Anther cells rounded at base - 7. Trichanthera
Stamens 2; staminodes 2; corolla cylindric __. 8. Sanchezia

6. BRAVAISIA DC.

Bravaisia DC. Rev. Bign. in Bibl. Univ. Genéve N. 8.17: 132. 1838, Originally
placed in the family Bignonaceae by DeCandolle, this genus was first
properly considered to belong to the family Acanthaceae by Bentham &
Hooker (Gen. Pl. 2: 1084. 1876). It was named in honor of two brothers,
C. and J. Bravais, whose notes on the leaves and flowers of the plant were
utilized by DeCandolle in drawing his description. The material on which
the generic description was based was collected by Vargas at Caracas,
Venezuela. Type species: Bravaisia floribunda DC.

Onychacanthus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847. Nees describes two species,
O. cumingii (based on two specimens, one collected in Peru by Pavén and the
other in Central America by Cuming, No. 1307) and O. berlandierianus
(based on a specimen collected in Mexico by Berlandier, No. 108). The
name Onychacanthus comes from érvé, claw or nail, and &kav@os, Acanthus,
in allusion, probably, to the biungulate stigmas. Type species: O. cumingii
Nees. Type locality: Peru.

Shrubs or trees; leaves petioled, opposite, entire; inflorescence a
terminal subcorymbose panicle, each flower subtended by a pair of
bracts; calyx segments 5, subcoriaceous; corolla white, yellow, or
purplish, the tube short, the throat campanulate, the lobes 5, subequal,
rounded, spreading; stamens 4, the anther cells contiguous, spurred at
base; ovules 2 to 4 in each cell.

46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1, Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. Figure 17

Amasonia integerrima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 765. 1825. The species was estab-
lished by a short Latin description and the following citation of locality and
collector: “Ad, fl. Magdalen, Bertero.” Type Material is in the Delessert
Herbarium. Photographs of this are in the U. S. National Herbarium, No.
7694, and in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Bravaisia floribunda DC. Prodr. 9: 240. 1843. DeCandolle placed this species
in the family Bignoniaceae, citing as synonyms Bignonia bibracteata Bertero,
Barleria anomala Spreng., and Amasonia integerrima Spreng. He based his
description on material collected at Santa Marta, Colombia, by Bertero, at
Caracas, Venezuela, by Vargas, and in Mexico by Karwinski.

Onychacanthus cumingii Nees in DG. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847. Type collected
in Peru by Pavén and deposited in the DeCandolle Herbarium, Geneva.

Onychacanthus berlanderianus Nees in DC. Prodr, 11: 217, 1847, Type col-
lected at Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, by Berlandier, No. 108 and deposited
in the Moricand Herbarium, Geneva.

Onychacanthus speciosus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 181.
1854. Type collected in rich forest of La Baranca, near Puntarenas, Costa
Rica, by Oersted.

Onychacanthus arborea Karst. F). Columb. 2: 111. pl. 149. 1862-1869. Type
collected in torrid mountainous region near Victoria and San Sebastian,
Caracas, Venezuela.

Bravaisia integerrima Standley, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 23: 1885. 1926.
Based on Amasonia integerrima Spreng.

A dense tree up to 18 meters high; branches glabrous or finely
puberulous, or tomentose when young; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 8 to
28 cm. long, 3 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate or acute at apex, narrowed at
base, entire or undulate, subcoriaceous, glabrous or the costa and
lateral veins pilosulous; petioles up to 5 cm. long, but usually about
38cm. long; flowers borne in leafy terminal, subcorymbose, trichotom-
ously branched thrysi about 12 cm. long and 10 to 30 cm. broad, the
branches subquadrangular, glabrous or puberulous, subtended by
bracts resembling small leaves (1 to 8 cm. long, 0.5 to 4 cm. wide) ;
pedicels 1 to 5 mm. long; bractlets ovate, 2 to 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
puberulous, ciliolate, subcarinate; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, the segments
ovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, puberulous
and ciliolate; corolla white (or yellow) with a purple spot at the throat,
glabrous (except the ciliate lobes), about 2 cm. long, the tube cam-
panulate, about 8 mm. broad at throat, the limb about 2 cm. broad, the
lobes 1 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate; capsule
oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, obtuse at apex, rounded at base, glabrous,
4-seeded; seeds flat, suborbicular, about 4 mm. in diameter, greenish,
glabrous.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Sancarano (Curran 222) ; palo de agua (Bro.
Elias 444, 487, 1265, 1507; Dugand 580) ; sancho arafia (Dugand 580;
Curran 308, 317).

Masses of aerial roots, after the fashion of mangroves, are often
produced at the bases of the trees. The wood is said to be light cream

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 47

in color, medium heavy but not hard, and possessing a coarse uneven
grain. It issuitable for packing boxes and food pails.’

Low wet woods and meadows. Peru; Colombia; Venezuela; north
to Oaxaca and Tamaulipas, Mexico.

ATLANTICO: Woods near Arroyo de Piedras, Dugand 580 (US). Barranquilla,
Bro, Elias 974 (US). Galapa, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 444 (US).
Puerto Colombia, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 1265 (US), 1507 (US).
Sabanalarga, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 487 (US). Usiacuri, Dugand
é Garcia-Barriga 2324 (US).

Borivar: Estrella, Cafio Papayal, Lands of Loba, Curran 808 (GH, US);
317 (GH). Along the Mompos to Juana Sanchez trail, Island of Mompos, Lands
of Loba, Curran 222 (US). Meadow at Morrocoquiel on the Rio Sint, Pennell
4697 (GH, Mo, NY, US).

MaGpALENA: Santa Marta, Romero 34 (Mo); H. H. Smith 1869 (GH, Mo,
NY, Ph, US) ; Bertero s. n. (Mo, isotype).

S ff , WY, il,
ON Wo

1?

Ficure 17.—Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. (a, b, Dugand t§ Garcta-Barriga
2324; c, Pennell 4697): a, Portion of stem showing inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of
inflorescence showing capsule and calyx; ¢, stamen. (a, b, Natural size; ¢, twice natural
size.)

7. TRICHANTHERA H. B. K.

Trichanthera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 243, in obs. 1817. Ruellia gigantea,
the type species, was first published by Humboldt and Bonpland in their
Plantae Aequinoctiales (2: 75. pl. 102. 1809). It was redescribed in their
Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (2: 243. 1817) with the following
observation appended: “Certe distincti generis ob stamina exserta, antheras
pilosas et capsulae loculos dispermos. Fortasse Trichanthera nominandum.”
Nees, in DeCandolle’s Prodromus (11: 218. 1847), published a detailed

* Curran, Tropical Woods 19:18. 1929.

48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

generic description under the name Trichanthera. Derivation of Trichan-
thera: @pig, hair, and dv@npés, anther. Type locality: “in sylvis fluvii Mag-
dalenae, prope Badillas et juxta Ybague.”

Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate to oblong, entire or
undulate, the cystoliths numerous, small; inflorescence a terminal,
dense, and many-flowered panicle or corymb; bracts small, triangular;
calyx segments 5, obtuse; corolla regular, 5-lobed, tomentose, campan-
ulate; stamens exserted, didynamous, the anthers ciliate, their basal
lobes rounded ; capsules 4-seeded, 2 seeds in each locule.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Calyx lobes rounded; inflorescence racemose, secund; lower surface of the leaf

blades inconspicuously pubescent woe 1. T. gigantea
Calyx lobes obtuse or acute; inflorescence corymbose; lower surface of the leaf
blades conspicuously pubescent -------- eee 2. T. corymbosa
1. Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees Ficure 18

Ruellia gigantea Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2. 75, pl. 102, 1809. Type col-
lected along the Magdalena River, near Badilla, Colombia, by Humboldt and
Bonpland. Type material in the Berlin Herbarium and Hooker Herbarium,
Kew.

Trichanthera gigantea Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 218. 1847. Based on Ruellia
gigantea Humb. & Bonpl.

Shrubs or trees up to 5 meters high (sometimes bushy and bearing
adventitious roots), the top rounded; branches quadrate, the angles
rounded, the tips minutely brown-tomentose; lenticels prominent; leaf
blades ovate to oblong, up to 26 cm. long and 14 cm. wide, acuminate
at apex, narrowed at base, glabrous, or the costa and veins pubescent;
petioles 1 to 5 cm. long; inflorescence a terminal compact more or
less secund panicle 5 to 15 cm. long and 4 to 5 em. broad, brown-
tomentose; bracts triangular, 3 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long,
brown-tomentose, the segments 7 to 10 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, rounded
at apex; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long, red and glabrous proximally, yel-
lowish and silky-tomentose distally, red and glabrous within, the
tube 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the limb 2 to 3 cm. broad, the lobes oblong to ob-
long-ovate, 3 to 5 mm. wide; ovary tomentose; style 4 to 5 em. long;
capsule 1.5 to 2 cm. long, obtuse at apex, silky-pubescent, the hairs
closely appressed; retinacula 3 mm. long, curved, truncate and erose
at tip; mature seed 1 to 4 in each capsule, lenticular, 3 to 4 mm. broad,
glabrous.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Aro-blanco (Killip & Smith 15452) ; nacedero
(Dryander 37) ; rompebarringa (Archer 523).

Used in the vicinity of Fredonia, Antioquia, as a remedy for cattle
(Archer 523).

Under the impression that the species belonged to the genus Ruellia,
Humboldt and Bonpland named it gigantea because of its contrast

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 49

in size when compared with the other herbaceous or suffrutescent
Ruellia.

Forests, thickets, roadsides, and clearings, often in moist situations.
Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Costa Rica.

ANTIOQUIA: Vicinity of Fredonia, Archer 523 (US). Vicinity of Medellin, Toro
78 (NY). Titiribf, Archer 574 (US). Vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4549 (US).

Borfvak; Sahagtin, Pennell 4101 (NY, US). San Martin de Loba, Lands of
Loba, Curran 54 (GH, US).

BoyacA: Vicinity of Boavita, Cuatrecasas 1924 (US). Moniquiré, Pérez-
Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 8132 (US).

Cxoc6: Bahia Solano, near Ciudad Mutis, Killip € Garcia-Barriga 33589 (US).

Ficure 18.—Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees (a, b, Cuatrecasas 13437;
c, Archer 574): a, Leaf; b, inflorescence; ¢, corolla. (All half natural size.)

CUNDINAMARCA: Vicinity of Bogota, Hermann 10926 (US). Caparrapi, Gar-
cta-Barriga 7658 (US). El Colegio, Bro. Ariste Joseph 1061 (US). Road to
Girardot between La Esperanza and San Javier, Garcia-Barriga 12193 (US);
12203 (US). La Mesa to Magdalena, Triana s.n. (NY, US). Hacienda Patasfa,
Pacho, Garcta-Barriga 12543 (US). Hacienda La Victoria on the San Bernardo
Trail near Sasaima, Garcia-Barriga 12114 (US).

Ex Cauca: Cali, Garcia-Barriga 4218 (US). El Tambo, von Sneidern 2652
(S) ; 2653 (8).

EL VALLE: Vicinity of Cali, Pérez-Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 63382 (US). El
Freijito, Dryander 47 (US). La Manuelita, Palmira, Pennell & Killip 6193 (GH,

50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

NY, Ph). Hoya, between Quebradita del Retiro and Rio Albin, Cuatrecasas
22681 (Ch). Timba, von Sneidern 1240 (NY, 8S).

MaGpALenaA (7): Poponte, Cyril Allen 876 (Mo).

Meta: Villavicencio, Killip 34345 (US).

NorTE DE SANTANDER: Trail between Chinfiicota and Esmeralda, Killip € Smith
20891 (US). Culagd Valley, north of Labateca, Killip & Smith, 20584 (NY,
US). Rio Chitagi, region de Sarare, Cuatrecasas 13487 (US). Culagéi Valley
near Tapata, Killip d Smith 20504 (NY, US).

Purumayo: Puerto Porvenir above Puerto Ospina on the Rio Putumayo, Cuatre-
casas 10733 (Col).

SANTANDER: Bucaramanga, Killip &€ Smith 15452 (NY, US). Rio Suraté Val-
ley between El Jaboncillo and Suraté, Killip & Smith 16426 (US).

TOLIMA: Ibagué, Holton (NY).

WITHOUT LOcALITY: Lehmann 3040 (US).

2. Trichanthera corymbosa Leonard

Tricanthera corymbosa Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 20: 487. 1930.
The type, collected in the Culagd Valley, near Tapata, Norte de Santander,
Colombia, 1,500 to 2,100 meters, March 4, 1927, by Killip & Smith, No. 20140,
is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1355268. Isotypes are in the Gray
Herbarium and in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Tree up to 3 meters high; branches brownish-tomentose or gray and
glabrous with age, the angles rounded, the lenticels prominent; peti-
oles 1 to 5 cm. long, brown-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 10 to 22 cm.
long, 5 to 15 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip blunt), rounded
or abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, firm,
shallowly crenate, sparingly pubescent above, the cystoliths numer-
ous, the lower surface rather densely pubescent with soft webby hairs
or subtomentose, especially on the costa and veins (about 10 pairs) ;
inflorescence corymbose, 10 to 20 cm. broad, the branches subquad-
rangular, minutely brown-tomentose, the lenticels prominent; bracts
leaflike, small, deciduous, those subtending the flowers triangular, 2
to 3 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, velvety brown-tomentose; calyx irreg-
ular (anterior lobe appreciably longer than the others), 1.5 to 2.3 cm.
long, velvety brown-tomentose, the lobes oblong, 10 to 20 mm. long,
3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse to acute, 5-nerved, the middle nerve more
pronounced than the 4 lateral ones; corolla 3 cm. long, the tube 5 to
6 mm. broad, glabrous, the throat and lobes whitish or brown and
densely tomentose without, purple and sparingly pubescent within,
the limb 2.5 cm. broad, the lobes erect or spreading, ovate, 12 mm. long,
8 to 10 mm. wide, obtuse; stamens exserted, the filaments 15 mm. long,
pilose at base, glabrous above, the anthers 7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad,
the basal lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse, sparingly pilose along the
sutures; capsule oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm, long, 5 to 7 mm. broad, acute or
obtuse at apex, densely tomentose, the hairs brownish; mature seed
not seen but probably lenticular and glabrous.

Known only from the type locality and from Tovar, Mérida, Vene-
zuela (Pittier 12828).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 51

8. SANCHEZIA Ruiz & Pav.

Sanchezia Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 5. pl. 32, 1794; Ruiz & Pav. FI.
Peruyv. Chil. 1: 7. pl. 8, fig. c. € b. 1798. The genus was named for José
SAnchez, a professor of botany at Cadiz.

Ancylogyne Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 63, pl. 7. 1847. The name Ancylogyne
is derived from dvxvdés, bent or curved, and yvr4, pistil. Nees published two
species in Martius’ Flora of Brazil, A. munita and A. macrocnemis, the latter
identical with S. oblonga Ruiz & Pav. In DeCandolle’s Prodromus (11: 221.
1847), Nees added two more species, A. peruviana and A. capitata. In 1866
Hooker (Bot. Mag. Curtis 92: pl. 5594) reestablished the name Sanchezia.

Erect herbs or shrubs, usually glabrous; flowers solitary or fascicled,
usually large and conspicuous, yellow or red, borne on spikes or
racemes, the flower clusters subtended by small or often large and
partly connate bracts, these sometimes colored ; calyx 5-parted ; corolla
tube cylindric, 5-lobed, the lobes equal; stamens 2, usually exserted ;
anthers 2-celled, longitudinally ciliate, mucronulate at base; stami-
nodes 2; capsule oblong, 6 to 8-seeded; seeds orbicular.

Sanchezias are shrubby or subherbaceous plants bearing large firm
leaves and attractive, bright yellow or purple, sessile flowers disposed
in spikes or racemes. Natives of tropical America, these plants are
mainly confined to wet forests of the northern Andes, but, being both
attractive and adaptable to cultivation, they have reached regions
far removed from their native haunts. Specimens of cultivated or
escaped plants have been seen from Costa Rica, Cuba, Java, Siam,
and Amboina. About 30 species are now recognized.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Calyx shorter than the bracts.
Bracts connate at least to middle; leaf blades elliptic-obovate_-_-_ 1. 8. pennellii

Bracts not connate or scarcely so; leaf blades oblong-elliptic__-- 2. S. speciosa
Calyx longer than the bracts.
Corolla essentially glabrous___-_----_-----_---------------------- 3. 8. lutea
Corolla distally retrorsely hirtellous.
Corolla bright rose_ - - - .. 4. 8. putumayensis
Corolla ochre___________---------------------------- 5. S. parvibracteata

1. Sanchezia penneliii Leonard
Sanchezia pennellii Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 488. 1926.
Type collected in a sandy loam forest along the Rio Magdalena at Vuelta
de Acufia, Antioquia, Colombia, altitude 125 to 130 meters, January 14, 1918,
by Francis W. Pennell, No. 8798. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1043822.

Low shrub; stems glabrous; leaf blades elliptic-obovate, 10 to 30
em. long, 5 to 13 cm. wide, abruptly narrowed at apex to a blunt tip,
gradually narrowed at base, crenate, glabrous bearing cystoliths 0.5
mm. long; petioles 4 cm. long; inflorescence spicate, the flowers 6 to 8,
sessile, crowded in the axils of the bracts and forming fascicles 3 to 6

52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

cm. in diameter ; bracts 5 cm. long, connate below, loosely enclosing the
flowers, the free portion broadly ovate, 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, abruptly
narrowed to a blunt tip, orange-red, glabrous, bearing cystoliths;
bractlets elliptic-obovate, 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide; sepals ligulate-
obovate, 10 to 15 mm. long, the 3 outer 3 to 5 mm. wide, the 2 inner
2 to 3 mm. wide, all rounded at apex, glabrous; corolla yellow, 4 to &
cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad at throat, the lobes 8 mm. wide, rounded and
emarginate at apex; filaments 4 cm. long, exserted 8 mm. beyond the
throat of the corolla, pilose; staminodes 4 to 5 mm. long; style 5.5 cm.
long, glabrous.

Wet woods, usually on banks of streams. Panama, Colombia, Peru.

ANTIOQUIA: Vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4545 (US). Vuelta de Acufia on the
Rio Magdalena, Pennell 3798 (NY, US).

Borivak: Boca Verde on the Rio Sint, Pennell 4573 (NY).

CHoc6: Andagoya, Killip 35399 (US). Negria, along the Rfo San Juan, Killip
35008 (US). Quibdé on the Rio Atrato, Archer 1803 (US).

Et Vatte: Along the Rio Calima near La Brea, Cuatrecasas 21205 (Ch).
Along the Rfo Calima at La Trojita, Cuatrecasas 16322 (US).

MaGDALENA: St. Juancito, Holton (NY).

Meta: Llanos de San Martin, Triana s. n. (Col).

PuTUMAYO: On the Rfo San Miguel between the mouths of Rfo Bermega and
Rio Conejo, Cuatrecasas 11051 (US). On the Rio San Miguel at the mouth of Rfo
Conejo, Cuatrecasas 10918 (US).

SANTANDER: Between Rfo Sogamoso and Rfo Colorado in the vicinity of Bar-
ranca Bermeja, Haught 1538 (US). Brazo de Moro above Barranca Bermeja,
Niemeyer 1 (US). Between Rfo Carare and Rfo Magdalena in the vicinity of
Puerto Berrfo, Haught 1835 (US).

Vaupés; San José del Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7442 (US).

2. Sanchezia speciosa Leonard
Sanchezia speciosa Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 490. 1926.
The type, collected in the Botanical Garden of Havana, Cuba, January 1905,
by A. H. Curtiss, No. 622, is in the U. S. National Herbarium.

Plant shrubby; stem quadrangular; leaves oblong-elliptic, 10 to 25
cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. wide (the lowermost probably larger), gradually
narrowed to a slender blunt apex, narrowed or rounded at base and
decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, the margins undulate, the costa and
Jateral veins (9 to 12 pairs) prominent beneath, the cystoliths curved,
about 0.5 mm. long; inflorescence a terminal simple or forked inter-
rupted spike equaling or exceeding the upper pair of leaves; inter-
nodes 1 to 3 cm. long; flowers (3 or more) borne in bracted fascicles
1 to 2 cm. broad; bracts ovate, blunt at apex, glabrous, bearing cysto-
liths; bractlets oblong-elliptic, about 2 em. long and 8 mm. wide, ob-
tuse; sepals ligulate, 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, rounded at
apex; corolla orange, the tube 4 to 6 cm. long, 7 to 8 mm. broad at
throat, narrowed below the middle to 3 mm., glabrous, the lobes 8 to 4
mm. long, rounded, emarginate; stamens inserted about 5 mm. above

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 53

the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 4 to 4.5 cm. long, exserted 5
to 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, sparingly pilose; anthers
5 mm, long; staminodes 2.5 cm long; style 5 cm. long, equaling or
exceeding the stamens; fruit not seen.

Usually found in cultivation but undoubtedly a plant of wet forests
when growing in its natural haunts. The fact that the Putumayo
specimen was collected from a plant growing wild is of great interest,
since all the other material in the U. S. National Herbarium is from

cultivated sources.
West Indies and Colombia.

Putumayo: On the left bank of Quebrada de la Hormiga along the Rio San
Miguel, Cuatrecasas 11109 (US).

8. Sanchezia lutea Leonard, sp. nov. Ficurr 19

Frutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris vel ad nodos parce
pilosis; lamina foliorum oblonga, lanceolata, acuminata, basi angus-
tata, in petiolum decurrens, undulata, glabra; petioli brevi, basi
breviter connati; paniculae terminales, parce ramosae glabrae, floribus
secundis, racemi bracteis lineari-lanceolatis suffulti; bracteae floriferae
oblongo-ovatae ; bracteolae oblongae; calycis segmenta lineari-oblonga
vel oblanceolata, acuta, apice pubescentia; corolla aurantiaca, parce
pubescens, lobis rotundatis, emarginatis; stamina exserta, filamentis
pilosis; staminodia glabra; antherae pilosae.

Shrub up to 3 or 4 meters high; branches quadrangular, glabrous, or
the nodes sometimes beset with a few stiff straight hairs about 0.5 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 25 cm. long and 6.5 cm.
wide, gradually narrowed from the middle to a slender and sometimes
curved tip, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, undulate, glab-
rous, the lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) rather prominent beneath;
petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, connate at base by a small ridge or narrow
band of leaf tissue; flower clusters secund, borne in terminal glabrous
racemes about 12 cm. long, these sparingly branched; lower pair of
bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence linear-lanceolate,
2 cm. long, about 3 mm. wide at the base, slenderly acuminate, the
others successively smaller toward tip; bracts subtending the flower
clusters oblong-ovate, 12 mm. long and 6 mm. wide (successively
smaller toward tip of the inflorescence), acute; bractlets oblong, 13
mm. long, 3 mm. wide, thinner than the outer bracts, faintly nerved ;
calyx segments linear-oblong to oblanceolate, slightly irregular in size,
about 18 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, acute, pubescent at the tip,
obscurely parallel-veined; corolla orange yellow or pale salmon,
sparingly pubescent distally, the hairs curved, the tube 3.5 to 4 mm.
thick at base, narrowed above the ovary to 3 mm., thence enlarged
to 8 mm., but the throat itself narrowed to 5 mm., the lobes oblong,
5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, rounded and emarginate; stamens exserted
1 cm. beyond the throat of the corolla, the filaments pilose; staminodes

o4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Figure 19.—Sanchexzia lutea Leonard (Cuatrecasas 4627): a, Tip of branch showing leaf
and inflorescence; b, bract subtending flower clusters; c, bract subtending flower; d, calyx
segment; ¢, stamen and staminode (immature); f, anther, dorsal view to show sutures; g,
anther, ventral view to show connective; h, corolla lobe; i, pistil (immature). (a, Half
natural size; b-e, h, i, natural size; f, g, about twice natural size.)

12 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 5 mm. long, their ventral surfaces
pilosulous with straight erect hairs about 0.5 mm. long; ovary and
style glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1517831, collected at
headwaters of Rio Tutunendo, east of Quibdd, Intendencia of Chocéd,
Colombia, May 20 or 21, 1931, by W. A. Archer (No. 2174).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 535)

Cuatrecasas’ No. 4627 (US), collected between Villavicencio and
El Parrao, Meta, Colombia, 500 meters, November 10, 1938, and
Camilo’s No. 78 (GH), collected at Florencia, Caqueta, also represent
the species.

Sanchezia lutea resembles S. parviflora Leonard, an Ecuadorian
species, but differs in its larger orange-yellow or pale salmon corollas
(3.5 to4cm. long). The corollas of S. parviflora are 3 cm. long and
pale scarlet in color.

4. Sanchezia putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 20

Frutex caulibus subquadrangularibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica, acuminata, apice curvata, basi angustata, in petiolum de-
currens, glabra, integra vel undulata, costa et venis obscuris; paniculae
terminales, parce ramosae, floribus in fasiculis paucifloris secundis dis-
positis; bracteae ovatae; bracteolae oblongae, glabrae vel apice hirtel-
lae; calycis segmenta oblonga vel oblanceolata, intus glabra, extus
punctulata, apice parce hirtella; corolla laete rosea, sursum retrorse
hirtella, deorsum glabra, lobis rotundatis, emarginatis; stamina ex-
serta, pilosa vel subtomentosa; antherae hirtellae; pistillum glabrum.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, the angles
glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm.
wide, narrowed to a slender often curved apex (the tip blunt), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, entire or un-
dulate, the costa and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) rather inconspicu-
ous; inflorescence a panicle of 3 or 4 branches, up to 15 cm. long, the
fascicles small, few-flowered, secund, except occasionally the lower-
most, longer than the internodes; bracts ovate, up to 8 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide, acutish, the veins obscure; bractlets oblong, up to
7 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, rounded, both bracts and bractlets gla-
brous except the sparingly hirsutulous tips; calyx up to 12 mm. long,
oblong or oblanceolate, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. wide, acutish, glabrous without,
puncticulate within, the tips sparingly hirsutulous; corolla bright
rose, the tube 4 to 4.5 cm. long, about 4 mm. broad at base, narrowed
above ovary to 8 mm., thence gradually enlarged, becoming 7 mm.
broad at mouth, rather densely and retrorsely hirtellous distally with
white hairs slightly less than 0.5 mm. long, glabrous proximally, the
lobes about 4 mm. in diameter, rounded, emarginate; stamens exserted
15 to 20 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, the filaments densely
pilose or subtomentose at and above insertion, the upper portions
sparingly pilose, the hairs longer, reaching 2 mm. in length; anthers
5 mm. long, the cells ventrally hirtellous, the basal spurs 1 mm. long;
style and stigma glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1691751, collected in
forest along the Rio Putumayo, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia,

56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

September 26 to October 10, 1930, by G. Klug (No. 1653). Isotypes
are in the herbaria of the Missouri and New York Botanical Gardens,

Cuatrecasas’ No. 10919 (US), collected near mouth of the Rio
Conejo, Putumayo, 300 meters and Triana’s specimen (s. n.) (Col),
collected at Barbacoas, Narifio, also represent the species.

Sanchezia putumayensis is near S. sylvestris Leonard, of Peru, from
which it differs chiefly in its relatively narrower leaf blades with
narrowed rather than obtuse bases, and by the pilosulous (distally)
corollas (practically glabrous in S. sylvestris). The type (Klug 1653)
was erroneously cited under S. sylvestris in the original description
of that Peruvian species.

Ficure 20.—Sanchezia putumayensis Leonard (Klug 1653): a, Tip of branch showing in-
florescence and leaves; b, calyx opened and spread to show segments; c, bract subtending
flower; d, a stamen and staminode; ¢, anther, showing sutures; f, anther, attachment of
filament. (a, d, Half natural size; b, c, e, f, natural size.)

5. Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague & Hutchinson
Sanchezia sprucei var. salvadorensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 44: 116. 1907.
Type collected in a garden in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador,
December, 1906, by Luis V. Velasco, No. 8985.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 57

Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague & Hutchinson, Kew Bull. 1908: 253. 1908.
Type taken from a plant cultivated at Kew but originally grown in the
Royal Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya, Ceylon, in 1905. The stock was col-
lected somewhere in tropical America.

A large suffrutescent herb; stems smooth, subquadrangular, the
angles rounded; leaf blades oblanceolate, up to 26 cm. long and 7
cm. wide or more, acuminate, subfalcate, narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, glabrous, undulate or shallowly dentate, punc-
ticulate above, the costa and lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs) prominent
beneath, the cystoliths on both surfaces numerous, about 0.5 mm. long;
inflorescence a sparingly branched terminal panicle up to 16 cm. long,
and 3 to 4 cm. broad, the fascicles usually several-flowered, sessile,
subsecund, the bracts subtending them triangular-ovate, subconnate,
10 to 12 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide at base, the bracts subtending the
flowers ovate, up to 16 cm. long and about 9 mm. wide, obtusish,
glabrous, ciliolate; bractlets oblanceolate, 15 mm. long, about 4 mm.
wide, sparingly puberulent without, ciliolate, both bracts and bract-
lets firm, green or yellowish toward tip; calyx 2 cm. long, the seg-
ments oblanceolate, 4 to 6 mm. wide, acutish, glabrous proximally,
puberulous distally, ciliolate, yellow; corolla ochre, 4 to 5 cm. long,
about 5 mm. broad immediately above the ovary, about 10 mm. in
diameter at throat, rather densely pubescent distally with yellowish
retrorsely curved hairs, the lower portion glabrous, the lobes oblong,
about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, emarginate; stamens exserted 7 to
8 mm. beyond mouth of corolla, the filaments tomentose at and above
the insertion, thence sparingly pilose (the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long),
but distally glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, the sacs
pubescent, the basal lobes ending in subulate spreading spurs about 1
mm. long; staminodes 15 mm. long, sparingly pilose; ovary and style
glabrous; capsule not seen.

Usually found in gardens but sometimes growing wild along
streams, possibly as an escape. Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador,
Colombia.

Putumayo: Banks of the Rio Guamués between its mouth and San Antonio,
Cuatrecasas 11231 (US).

Tribe 2. HyGROPHILEAE Nees

Hygrophileae Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:75. 1832.

Herbs or shrubs; flowers mostly crowded in the axils of the leaves;
bracts usually small; calyx 4- or 5-parted; corolla ringent, 2-lipped,
the upper lip 2-lobed or rarely entire, the lower one 3-lobed; stamens
4, didynamous, one stamen of each pair sometimes rudimentary, in
some species 2 stamens only; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel or

58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the basal lobes slightly divergent, these muticous or calcarate; pollen
of the “Rippenpollen” type, the grains provided with pores, these on
or between the ribs; capsules cylindric, usually seed-bearing to the
base.

In this tribe, consisting of about six genera, Hygrophila is the only
genus represented in the Western Hemisphere.

9. HYGROPHILA R. Br.

Hygrophila R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 479, 1810. The name comes from
vypés, wet, and ¢éAos, loving. Type species: Hygrophila angustifolia R. Br.

Herbs; flowers borne in axillary fascicles; bracts linear; calyx
segments 5, subequal; corolla tube cylindric, slightly ampliate, the
limb 2-lipped; stamens 4, didynamous, or 2 perfect stamens with 2
staminodes, the filaments of each pair united at base by a membrane;
anthers 2-celled, muticous or mucronulate; posterior stigma lobe
abortive; capsule oblong, nonstipitate; seeds 4 to 18, or more.

The genus Hygrophila is cosmopolitan. Of the numerous species
described, only about 80 are now considered as valid.

1. Hygrophila guianensis Nees Ficure 21

Hygrophila guianensis Nees, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 634. 1845. Type collected
in British Guiana by Schomburgk, second collection, 331 (291).

Hygrophila conferta Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras, 9: 21. 1847. Two cotypes are
cited, one collected ‘Ad flumen Rio dos Indios grande,” Brazil, by Pohl,
the other “prope Fazenda da Piedade” Sao Paulo, Brazil, by Sellow. The spe-
cific name conferta (dense, compact) probably alludes to the densely set
flowers and capsules,

Herbs up to 50 em. high, sparingly hirtellous to glabrate; stems ob-
tusely quadrangular, branching; leaf blades lanceolate, 5 to 15 cm.
long, 0.5 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate at both ends, entire; flowers sessile,
clustered in the axils; calyx segments 5, lanceolate, about 5 mm. long,
white-margined, pilose; corolla white, purplish, or yellow (@arcia-
Barriga 11524), puberulent, the tube 5 mm. long, the upper lip biden-
tate, 2.5 mm. long, the lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous, the
filaments of each pair united at base; capsules narrowly oblong, 1.2 to
1.4 cm. long, glabrous, 16- to 18-seeded.

Marshy regions along streams or on shores of ponds or lakes occur-
ring between sea level and 1,560 meters altitude. Mexico to central
Argentina.

ANTIOQUIA: Barbosa, Alfaro-P. 27 (US). Medellin, Archer 460 (US); 899
(US) ; Mesa 82 (US). Porcesito, Bro. Daniel 897 (US).

CaLDAS: Roadside west of Armenia, Killip & Hazen 8637 (GH). Santa Elena
above Santuario, Pennell 10593 (GH, NY). Tabeja, west of Armenia, Pennell,
Killip, & Hazen 8630 (US).

Cxocé: On the Rfo San Juan between Istmina and Condoto, Garcta-Barriga
11524 (Col).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 59

Cunprnamarca: La Mesa, Triana s. n. (Col). Road to Pacho, on the Rfo Murca,
La Palma, Garcia-Barriga 12390 (US). La Vega, Pérez-Arbeldiez & Cuatrecasas
5369 (US). Albin, San José, Pérez-Arbeldez 2380 (US).

Cauca: El Tambo, von Sneidern 311 (S). Bank of Rfo Palacé, north of Pop-
ayan, Pennell & Killip 8270 (GH). Rio Micay, vicinity of Noanamito, Cuatre-
casas 14236 (US).

. a we te
~~ _—

Ficure 21—Hygrophila guianensis Nees (a, b, Archer 899; c, Mesa 82): a, Tip of stem
showing leaves and inflorescence; b, flower and calyx; c, capsule and calyx. (a, Natural
size; b, c, twice natural size.)

EL VALLE: Waste land near Buenaventura, Killip 5294 (GH, NY, US). Haci-
enda El Trejo, north of Palmira, Garcia-Barriga 6327 (US). Quebrada Neuva
to Cuchilla, east of Zarzil, Cauca Valley, Pennell, Killip, d Hazen 8493 (GH,
NY). Along the Rio Engafia, in the Rio Digua Valley, Killip 34839 (US).
Rio de San Juan below Queremal, Cuatrecasas 23866 (US).

MaqcpaLENA: Pueblo Bello, Bro. Apolinar Angel 704 (US). Santa Marta, H. H.
Smith 89 (GH, Ph, NY, US).

Mera: Near Rio Guatiquia, vicinity of Villavicencio, Pennell 1551 (GH, NY).

PutuMAYo: Bank of the Rio Putumayo between Guamués and Puerto Asis,
Cuatrecasas 11241 (US).

Totima: Espinal to Cuamo, Pennell € Rusby 199a (NY). La Trinidad, Libano,
Pennell 3218 (NY).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Triana (Col, NY).

892687—51—_5

60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Nees cites a specimen of his Hygrophila rivularis (in DC. Prodr.
11: 87. 1847) collected from a river bank in Colombia (collector not
given, Hooker Herbarium). Hygrophila rivularis is a Mexican spe-
cies closely resembling and probably synonymous with H. guianensis.
The Hooker Herbarium specimen might well be Z. guianensis.

Tribe 3, PETALIDIEAE Lindau

Petalidieae Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 45. 1898. In all, six genera belong
to this tribe. Of these, Blechum only is native to America, the others oc-
curring in the Old World. The tribe is based on Petalidium, a genus consist-
ing of about a dozen species found mainly in tropical Africa.

Herbs or shrubs; calyx 4- or 5-lobed; bracts or calyx segments
Jarge, conspicuous; corolla regularly 5-lobed; stamens 4, fused in
pairs at base of filaments and decurrent; staminodes none; anther
lobes rounded or acute at base; capsules compressed, the partitions
of the lobes parallel ; seeds usually 2 in each section.

Spikes quadrifarious; calyx segments subequal, linear-subulate_ 10. Blechum

Spikes secund; calyx segments unequal, one ovate, nervose, the others linear.
11. Phaylopsis

10. BLECHUM P. Br.

Blechum P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 261. 1756; Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 269.
1807. Blechum is a Greek name, more correctly applied to wild pennyroyal
(Mentha pulegium L.) Type species Ruellia blechum L.

Perennial herbs; leaves petioled, crenate, repand-dentate, or entire;
flowers borne in dense terminal spikes, the bracts imbricate; calyx
5-parted, the slightly unequal segments linear-subulate; corolla white
or purplish, the tube slender, the limb nearly equally 5-lobed ; stamens
4, didynamous, the anther sacs parallel; ovules few in each cavity;
capsules broadly oblong with a short narrow base.

Although many species have been described from both the Eastern
and Western Hemispheres, the genus Blechwm actually consists of
only about six tenable entities, these all native to tropical America. A
close relationship exists between Blechwm and FRuellia, but Blechum
can be recognized readily by its dense 4-sided spikes and very small
flowers. In the few cases where confusion mi ght arise, the conclusive
test can be made by an examination of mature capsules. In those
of Blechum the disseptiment breaks away from the capsule wall as
in Dieliptera, but in Ruellia it remains intact.

1. Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard FIaurE 22

Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci, 32:
184. 1942. Type collected on dry roadbed along bank of Jean Rabel River,
vicinity of Jean Rabel, Haiti, January 30, 1929, by E. C. and G. M. Leonard
No. 12696. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1451437,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 61

Herbs; stems erect or ascending, 20 to 70 cm. high, the branches
slender, more or less puberulous; leaves ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 5
cm. wide, acute or obtuse at apex, obtuse to acute at base, glabrous to
sparingly pilose, thin, the cystoliths rather conspicuous ; spikes dense,
4-sided, 3 to 6 cm. long; bracts ovate, pinnately veined, 1 to 2.5 cm.
long, about 1 cm. wide, acutish at apex, rounded at base, loosely stri-
gose and ciliate, and, in addition to the coarser hairs, more or less
softly and densely puberulous, the hairs minute, curved, and white;
corolla white or purplish, a little longer than the subtending bracts;
capsules broadly oblong, about 6 mm. long, puberulous, 16-seeded ;
seeds flat, brown, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, apparently glabrous when
dry, if moistened the edge bearing a densely set gelatinous band of
minute straight white hairs.

Ficure 22.—Blechum brownei Juss. forma puberulum Leonard (a, d, Archer 88; b, ¢, Archer
1417): a, Tip of branch showing inflorescence and leaves; b, corolla; c, a pair of stamens;
d, capsule and calyx. (a, Natural size; b, d, twice natural size; c, about three times
natural size.)

Many of the synonyms usually placed under Blechwm browned Juss.,
could the type be examined, would probably fall, at least in part, under
this form. Although widely distributed and in many places a com-
mon plant, the lack or presence of the puberulous bracts, character-
izing the form puberulum, is rarely mentioned in the numerous pub-
lished descriptions.

Open waste or cultivated places in either dry or moist situations.
Eastern and southern Mexico, throughout Central America, Panama,

62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

northern South America, and the West Indies. Also in Guam, For-
mosa, and the Philippine and Caroline Islands.

ANTIOQUIA: Botero, Cauca Valley, Pennell 10974 (Ph). Medellin, Archer 14
(US); 88 (US). Granja de las Mercedes, Venecia, Gutiérrez-V. & Barkley
17C 523 (US). Puerto Berrio, Archer 1417 (US) ; Pennell 3752 (NY, US). Be-
tween Rio Guapa and Leén, Landa, Rivera, €d Barkley 18C 316 (US). Valparafso,
Penneli 10798 (Ph, NY, US).

ATLANTICO: Hacienda Riodulce, Los Pendales, Dugand ¢ Jaramillo 4164 (US).
Pioj6, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 676 (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usia-
curf, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2384 (US).

Borivar; Cartagena, Bro. Hilarino Angel 97 (US). Sincé, Pennell 4030 (NY).

Cauca: Rio Timbio, von Sneidern 2650 (S). Rio Timbiqui, Lehmann 654
(NY).

CHoc6é: Without definite locality, Triana s. n. (Col).

CUNDINAMARCA: La Esperanza, Garcia-Barriga 4702 (US). Mesa, Triana
s.n. (US).

Ex VALLE: Buenaventura, Killip 5290 (Ph, NY, US). Cisneros, Killip 11451
(GH). Cliffs of Rio Dagua, Cordoba, Killip 5078 (US). Cérdoba, Killip & Garcia
33400 (US). Between Gordona and Puerto Cabuyo, Cuatrecasas 14510 (US).
Margarita, Rio Digua Valley, Killip 34890 (US). La Trojita, on Rfo Calima,
Cuatrecasas 16334 (US). Plantations of El Abismo, Pichindé, Cuatrecasas 18656
(US). Between Rfo Agua Bonito and Rio Vieja, east of Zarzal, Pennell, Killip,
é Hazen 8572 (Ph, NY, US).

HvILa: Natagaima, Rusby & Pennell 1178 (NY).

MAGDALENA: Mamacasaca, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 81 (NY).
Mamatoca, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2114 (NY, US). Masinga Viejo,
vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1409 (Ph, NY, 8). Papare, vicinity of
Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 81 (Ph, NY). Playa Barba, vicinity of Santa Marta,
H. H, Smith 81 (NY, US). Poponte, Magdalena Valley, Cyril Allen 841 (Mo).

META: Orocué on Rio Meta, Cuatrecasas 4422 (US).

SANTANDER: Puerto Wilches, Killip & Smith 14767 (NY).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: T'riana s. n. (NY).

2. Blechum haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 23

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel hirellis, inter-
dum bifarium hirtellis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata, apice acuta
vel acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, tenuis, leviter
serrata, supra pilosa, subtus parce hirtella; petioli tenues, hirtelli;
spicae breves, terminales; bracteae dense imbricatae, ovatae, apice
acutae, pilosae et ciliatae, leviter serratae; bracteolae lanceolatae,
subintegrae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata, ciliata;
corolla purpurea, hypocrateriformis, minute pubescens; capsulae ovoi-
deae, puberulae.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems subquadrangular (the
angles rounded), glabrous, hirtellous, the hairs sometimes arranged in
two lines; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide,
acute or acuminate (the tip itself sometimes blunt), narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, thin, shallowly serrate, the upper surface
moderately pilose, the hairs 1.5 mm. long, curved, the lower surface
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 63

lateral veins rather inconspicuous; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, hirtellous;
spikes terminal, about 2 cm. long and broad; bracts imbricate, ovate,
17 mm. long, 11 mm. wide (or the uppermost somewhat smaller),
acuminate or acute at apex, pilose and ciliate; bractlets lanceolate,
10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at middle, acute, entire or nearly so, ciliate;
corolla purple, hypocrateriform, finely pubescent, 2.5 cm. long, the
cylindrical basal portion of the tube 1.5 mm. broad, the throat 6 mm.
broad, the limb about 12 mm. broad, the lobes ovate, rounded, about
6 mm. long and broad; stamens included ; capsule ovoid, puberulous.

Ficure 23.—Blechum haughtii Leonard (Haught 4976): a, Tip of branch showing inflores-
cence; b, cross section of stem; ¢, portion of inflorescence showing bract, bractlets, calyx,
and ovary; d, calyx. (a, Half natural size; 4, c, natural size; d, twice natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 1950441, collected from
wet soil on a ridge just east of Quebrada de los Indios, east of Turbo,
Department of Antioquia, about 200 meters altitude, July 15, 1946,
by Oscar Haught (No. 4976).

Blechum haughtii can be separated easily from B. browne? f. puberu-
lum Leonard by its pilose leaf blades and bracts and large corollas
(2.5 cm. long instead of 1.5cm.). Its closest relative is B. costaricense
Oerst., of Costa Rica and Panama. From this it can be distinguished
by its relatively narrower leaf blades, their margins plainly serrate
instead of entire, and by the more slenderly acuminate bracts. The
leaf blades (or at least some of them) of B. costaricense are as much
as 12 cm. long and 4 cm. wide.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES
BLECHUM ANGUSTIUS Nees
Blechum angustius Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 467. 1847. Type collected at
Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia, January to February 1826, by Billberg, No. 1,
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.
A careful examination of isotype material of Billberg’s No. 1, from
the Stockholm Herbarium, discloses several traits; the seeds are
strongly muricate, the corollas have 2 stamens and are bilabiate, and

64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the bark has a tendency to separate in thin strips from the stem. These
characters indicate that Billberg’s specimens should be classed in the
genus Tetramerium.

11. PHAYLOPSIS Willd.

Phaylopsis Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 342. 1801. The derivation of Phaylopsis is some-
what obscure, but the name may possibly come from ¢avAos, mean, common,
and és, appearance. Type species: Phaylopsis parviflora Willd. Type
locality : India.

Perennial branching herbs; leaves petioled, opposite, ovate, entire
or crenate ; spikes terminal, dense, the flowers secund ; bracts orbicular,
closely imbricate, usually subtending 3 flowers; bractlets none; sepals
5, the posterior one ovate, veiny, the others linear-subulate; corollas
small, the tube slender, cylindric, the 5 lobes rounded, subequal; sta-
mens 4, didynamous, the anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, the base
of the lobes minutely mucronate; style and stigma linear; capsules
clavate, compressed, 4-seeded, the placentae dehiscing from the base
of the capsule; seeds discoid, white-pilose when moistened.

The ten or more species comprising the genus are found chiefly in
Africa, Asia, and India.

1, Phaylopsis parviflora Willd. Ficure 24
Phaylopsis parviflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 342. 1800. Type locality: India.

Prostrate or ascending much-branched herbs up to 40 cm. high;
branches quadrangular or terete toward base, more or less puberulous,
the hairs up to 175 » long, retrorsely curved, confined chiefly to the
angles, the smaller branches pilose, the hairs more or less spreading,
white, some of them as much as 3 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to
9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself rounded or
obtuse), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, undulate,
sparingly pubescent on both surfaces, the costa and lateral veins (5 or
6 pairs) very slightly prominent ; petioles up to 2.5 em. long, the pubes-
cence like that of the stems; leaves of the lateral branches much
smaller than the main stem leaves, usually not exceeding 3 cm. in length
or 2 cm. in width, their petioles often long-pilose; spikes numerous,
terminal and lateral, compact, up to 4 cm. long and 1.5 em. broad, the
flowers and bracts crowded and more or less secund ; peduncles 4 or 5
mm. long, these and the rachis densely pilose, the hairs white and
spreading, up to 3 mm. long, some of the shorter ones glandular ;
bracts suborbicular, up to 8 mm. long and 10.5 mm. wide, rounded or
obtuse at tip, truncate at base and short-petioled, thin, reticulate-
veined, glabrous or sparingly pilose, the margins ciliate, some of the
hairs as much as 3 mm. long, the shorter hairs occasionally glandular;
posterior segment of the calyx ovate, 8 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, obtuse

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 65

at apex, narrowed at base, thin, veiny, glabrous or sparingly pilose,
the margins long-ciliate, the hairs spreading, up to 8 mm. long, the
anterior segments lance-subulate, 7 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base,
the lateral pair similar but slightly shorter, all pilose, the pubescence
a mixture of short hairs about 0.5 mm. long and longer ones as much
as 2 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped; corollas whitish, about 7
mm. long, the tube slender, about 1 mm. broad at base and throat, the
middle part about 0.5 mm. broad, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes oval,
rounded, 1 mm. long and broad, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes slightly
smaller than those of the upper lip; stamens about 2 mm. long, the
filaments slender, the anthers 0.5 mm. long; capsule clavate, 5.5 mm,
long, 2.5 mm. wide, 2 mm. from tip, 0.75 mm. thick, pointed, nar-
rowed to a short stipitate base, glabrous except the tip, this sparingly
puberulous, the sides of the valves scarious; seeds flat, suborbicular,
1.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. broad, densely white-pilose when moistened,
the hairs 0.5 mm. long.

Ficure 24.—Phaylopsis parviflora Willd. (Bro. Apollinaire “F”): a, Branch, showing
inflorescence and leaves; b, calyx; c, corolla; d, capsule; ¢, capsule dehisced. (a, Natural
size; b, d, e, twice natural size; ¢, 24% times natural size.)

Thickets in pastures. India, Madagascar, and tropical Africa. The
specimens cited here constitute our first record of the plant occurring
in America.

Meta: Restrepo, Garcia-Barriga 5181 (US). Villavicencio, Bro. Appollinaire
(US).

Tribe 4, RUELLIEAE Nees
Ruellieae Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:75, 1832.

Herbs or shrubs; inflorescence various, the flowers axillary, sessile
or in cymes, often forming panicles, sometimes spicate and subtended
by leaflike bracts or spicate above and axillary below; corolla mauve,

66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

purple, white, red, or rarely greenish, sometimes rudimentary (the
flower cleistogamous), the limb regular or sublabiate, the tube
more or less elongate, the upper expanded portion more or less ventri-
cose, the lobes rounded, sometimes emarginate; stamens 4, didyna-
mous; anthers 2-celled, the cells equal or nearly so, the basal lobes
usually muticous; capsules clavate to subcylindrical, more or less flat-
tened, 2- to many-seeded, the lower portion narrowed and sterile;
seeds discoid, usually brown, often apparently glabrous when dry but
variously musilaginous-pubescent when moistened.

The tribe consists of about 15 genera. Only one of these is repre-
sented in Colombia.

12. RUELLIA Plum. ex L.

Ruellia Plum. ex L. Sp. Pl. 634. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 238. 1754. Named in
honor of I. De la Ruelle, a French herbalist. Type species: R. tuberosa L.

Dipteracanthus Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 75. 1832. Usually herbs, the flowers
axillary, solitary or produced in fascicles, sessile or short-peduncled, the
uppermost flowers forming a raceme, the bracts often large and leaflike, the
bractlets none or few and inconspicuous, the stamens included. The name
is derived from dirrepos, 2-winged, and éxav@os, referring to the genus
Acanthus. Type species: D. ciliatus Nees. Type locality: Prome, Burma.

Aphragmia Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2. 444. 1836. Meaning obscure. Type
species: A. haenket Lindl. Type locality: Mexico.

Cryphiacanthus Nees in Del. Sem. Hort. Verat. 1841. Derivation: xptduos,
hidden, and &xavOos, the genus Acanthus. Type species: C. barbadensis
Nees. Type locality: Barbados.

Scorodoxylum Nees in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 236. 1846. Meaning of name obscure.
Type species: S. harjwegianum. Type locality: Mexico.

Stemonacanthus Nees in Mart. FI. Bras. 9: 53. 1847. Derivation: oTHMwY,
stamen, and &xavOos, the genus Acanthus. Type species: S. salviaefolius
Nees. Type locality: Brazil.

Arrhostorylum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 57. 1847. The group consists of more
or less suffrutescent herbs with quadrangular stems, repand or crenate leaf
blades, and conspicuous flowers borne in thyrsi terminating slender dichoto-
mously branched peduncles (the peduncle sometimes simple, terminated by
a head), the bracts deciduous, the corollas narrowly infundibular, the stamens
exserted. Derivation: &ppworos, weak, and £tdov, wood or stems. Type
species: A. lacum Nees. Type locality: Brazil.

Perennial herbs or shrubs; leaves petioled, entire, undulate, or
rarely dentate; flowers usually large and showy, solitary or clustered
in the axils or borne on terminal cymose panicles; calyx usually
5-parted, the segments often narrow; corolla red, yellow, white, or
purple (usually mauve), funnelform or salverform, sometimes sac-
cate, the tube usually narrow below, the upper portion more or less
campanulate, the limb of 5 obtuse spreading lobes; stamens 4, didyn-
amous, the anther sacs blunt at base; stigma lobes unequal; capsules
oblong or clavate.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 67

KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers borne on simple or dichotomously
branched peduncles.
Flowers borne in headlike clusters, these terminating the peduncles.
1. R. fulgida var. angustissima
Flowers borne on dichotomously branched peduncles.
Corollas white.
Peduncles flattened, pilose, once dichotomous_-_----~----- 2. R. tolimensis
Peduncles subterete, essentially glabrous, 2 to 3 times dichotomous.
3. R. potamophila
Corollas red, pink, purple, or mauve.
Calyx more or less glandular-pubescent.

Corollas large, the limb 4 em. broad ~----------- 4. R. malacosperma
Corollas small, the limb 1 to 1.5 cm. broad.
Peduncles slender, 12 cm. long or more, glabrous__---- 5. R. chariessa
Peduncles short, 3 cm. long or less, more or less pubescent.
Capsules cylindric___---------------------------- 6. R. paniculata
Capsules clavate____.---------------------------- 7. R. inundata
Calyx glabrous or, if pubescent, the hairs eglandular.
Corollas mauve, the limb about 4 em. broad_------------ 8. R. tuberosa

Corollas red, the limb about 3 cm. broad or less.
Calyx segments thin, obtusish, shorter than the calyx tube.
Stems, peduncles, pedicels, and the under surface of the leaf blades
glabrous or sparingly puberulous__------~--- 9. R. macrophylla
Stems (at least the upper portions), peduncles, pedicels, and the
under surface of the leaf blades densely and softly puberulous.
9a. R. macrophylla var. puberula
Calyx segments firm, linear or subulate, gradually narrowed from
base to a slender tip, longer than the calyx tube.
Plants grayish puberulous _ ___10. BR. grisea
Plants not uniformly grayish puberulous.
Lower surface of the leaf blades densely pubescent.
11. R. ischnopoda
Lower surface of the leaf blades essentially glabrous.
Calyx segments 3 mm. long_-- 12. R. caucensis
Calyx segments 8 mm. long-----~-------------- 13. R. rusbyi
A. Inflorescence spicate, axillary, or if paniculate, not borne on slender peduncles.
B. Rachis short, thick, conelike after the falling of the bracts and flowers;
various parts of the plants bearing small resinous scales.
Flowers borne in panicles.
Corollas yellow, the stamens exserted about 2 cm. beyond the mouth of
the corolla tube, the filaments strongly curved; corolla lobes about
1 cm. long pune 14. R. longifilamentosa
Corollas red, the stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, the filaments straight or slightly curved; corolla lobes
usually 2 to 3 em. long_--.---~------------------- 15. R. humboldtiana
Flowers borne in a terminal spike subtended by numerous large leafy bracts.
‘orollas large, 4 to 8 cm. long.
Plants strongly hirsute___ -- -16d. R. tudiflora var. hirsuta
Plants glabrous or more or less puberulous.
Corollas white with purple throat.
16b. R. tubiflora var. tetrastichantha f. bicolor

68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Corollas uniform in color.
Corollas pure white___________ 16a. R. tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
Corollas not white.
Endemic in Costa Rica; corollas yellow.
16c. R. tubiflora var. tetrastichantha f. flava
Species of Panama and Colombia; corollas crimson, lilac, or red.
16, Rk. tubifiora
Corollas small, 4 em. long or less.
Corollas pale violet____.-_--___________ l6e, R. tubiflora var. parviflora
Corollas white__________________ 16f. R. tubiflora var. parviflora f. alba
B. Rachis various or lacking, not short, thickish and conelike.
Pubescence of the inflorescence or at least that of the calyx lobes consisting
in part of glandular hairs.

Plants glandular-puberulous____-_--__-- ~----------- 17. R. lorentziana
Plants glabrous or sparingly pilose, only the calyx bearing scattered
minute glandular hairs__.__.____________________ 4, R. malacosperma

Pubescence eglandular.
C. Stems glabrous, puberulous, or pilosulous.
Corollas mauve,
Capsules clavate, puberulous; flowers axillary.
Leaf blades oblong to lanceolate ; corollas 2.5 to 3 em. long.
18. R. geminifiora
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate; corollas 4 to 5 cm long.
18a. Rk. geminiflora var. angustifolia
Capsules cylindric, glabrous or the calluses bearing a few hairs; in-
florescence verticillastrate, forming a naked interrupted spike.
19, R. obtusa
Corollas red, white, greenish, or pink.
Bracts bright red______---------- 20. R. colorata
Bracts green,
Plants 4 to 5 meters high; leaf blades large (up to 30 em. long and
17 cm. wide) ; corolla pale green____________ 21. R. viridiflora
Plants one meter high or less; leaf blades smaller (16 cm. long
and 6 cm. wide or less) ; corolla blue, white, violet, or pink.
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base__ 22 R. pennellit
Leaf blades ovate, rounded or obtuse at base___ 23. R. colombiana
C. Stems or at least the uppermost portions densely pilose.
Flowers borne in terminal spikes, the bracts imbricate.
Spikes 3 cm. long or less; calyx 8 mm. long; leaf blades 8 cm. long

and 3.5 em. wide or less______-_---__-_ 24. R. aquatica
Spikes as much as 12 cm. long; calyx 4.5 mm. long; leaf blades up
to 16 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide______--_____ | 25. R. lasiostachya

Flowers borne in axillary bracted clusters.
Leaf blades oblong, elliptic, 12 em. long or less___ 26. R. putumayensis
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 24 cm. long____-____ 27, R. uribei

1. Ruellia fulgida Andr. var. angustissima (Hochr.) Leonard, comb. nov.
Arrhostorylum fulgidum Nees var. angustissimum Hochr. Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 6: 287, 1910. Type collected at La Paila, El Valle, Colombia, April
1853, by Holton, No. 599, deposited in the herbarium of the New York
Botanical Garden. Isotype in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 69

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; stems quadrangular, sulcate,
pubescent or glabrate, the hairs minute and curved; leaf blades lance-
olate, sometimes falcate, usually 5 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, slen-
derly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decur-
rent on the petiole, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly pilose or the
upper surface of the young leaves rather densely pubescent, the hairs
straight or curved, the cystoliths prominent where not obscured by
hairs; petioles usually 0.5 to 1 cm. long, glabrous or more or less
plubescent ; flowers sessile or subsessile, borne in heads at the tips of
slender curved quadrangular axillary peduncles up to 11 cm. long,
these glabrous or sparingly pilose, the cystoliths prominent; flowers
several to a dozen or more in each head; bracts subtending the heads
leaflike, up to 3 cm. long and 8 mm. wide; bractlets triangular to ob-
lanceolate, 2 to 4 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, glabrous or pubescent;
calyx 4 to 8 mm. long, puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the seg-
ments linear, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide; corolla red, glabrous or puberulous
toward base, the tube funnelform, curved, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 5
to 7 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes ovate, 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm.
wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted to about 5 mm. beyond the
mouth of the tube, the anthers oblong, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; cap-
sules 12 or 13 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 8-seeded, puberulous, pointed at
tip, the solid stipitate base about 4 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; retina-
cula slender, curved, about 2 mm. long; seed (immature) flat, orbicu-
lar, 1.5 mm. in diameter.

A sheet of Lehmann’s No. 4739 in the Berlin Herbarium (photo in
U. S. National Herbarium) bears in Lindau’s handwriting an appar-
ently unpublished name.

The variety angustissima differs from the typical form R. fulgida
chiefly in the narrowness of the leaf blades and the shortness of the
petioles. As Hochreutiner points out in his original description, the
leaves of the typical form are 7.5 to 12 em. long and 1.7 to 2.5 cm. wide
and the petioles 2 to 8 cm. long. The height of the plant can scarcely
be ascertained from the herbarium material examined, but a portion
of the original label shown by the photo of the Berlin Herbarium
sheet of Lehmann’s No. 4739 bears the following legend: “Straucher
dunnen, bei 1 m. hohen Stangel, Blat. . . .” The plants are prob-
ably erect when young, the stems ascending or even becoming pro-
cumbent with age.

Damp thickets or woods. Colombia, Venezuela, and Tobago.

CUNDINAMARCA! Vicinity of Bogoté, Bro. Ariste-Joseph, s. n. (US). Hacienda
Paramillo, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, Garcta-Barriga 12322 (US).
Santandersito, Silvano-J. 178 (GH). Tenasuca, Triana s. n. (Col, NY, US).

ANTIOQUIA!: Dabeiba, Lehmann 4739 (US).

EL VALLE: La Paila, Holton 599 (NY).

SANTANDER: San Gil, Bro. Antonio-Miguel 121 (GH).
WirHovur Locality: Lehmann 4739 (U8).

70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

2. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 25

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, leviter sulcatis,
angulis anguste alatis, ciliatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, glabra, costa et
venis pilosis; pedunculi complanati, ciliati, dichotomo-ramosi; brac-
teae angustatae, oblongae, pilosae; pedicelli graciles glabri; calycis
segmenta subulata, ciliata; corolla alba, glabra, leviter curvata, ventri-
cosa, lobis ovatis vel ellipticis, rotundatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae;
semina ovata, marginibus madefactis puberulis; retinacula subulata,
acute curvata.

Ficure 25.—Ruellia tolimensis Leonard (Cuatrecasas 10529a): a, Leaf; b, portion of upper
surface of leaf showing cystoliths; c, nodal region of stem and inflorescence; d, enlarged
portion of peduncle to show flatness, wings, and pubescence; ¢, flower; f, stamen. (a, c,
Half natural size; b, f, about twice natural size; d, 244 times natural size; ¢, natural size.)

Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; stems quadrangular, shallowly
sulcate, the angles narrowly winged, the wings pilose, the hairs barely
1 mm. long, the cystoliths minute; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 17
em. long and 7 cm. wide, rather slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, thin, shallowly crenate, glabrous except
the costa, lateral veins (10 pairs), and the margins, these pilose, the
hairs about 0.5 mm. long, spreading or subappressed; petioles up to
3 cm. long, minutely pilose; flowers borne on axillary dichotomously
branched peduncles, these up to 11 cm. long to the first fork, flattened,
the edges pilose with white spreading hairs 0.5 mm. long, the secondary

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 71

peduncles 1.5 to 3 cm. long, flattened or obscurely quadrangular, the
narrowly winged edges pilose with white spreading hairs 0.5 to 0.75
mm. long or when young the entire surface pilose; bracts narrowly ob-
long, narrowed at both ends, up to 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, but
usually smaller, the margins pilose; pedicels slender, up to 14mm. long,
glabrous; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, divided nearly to base, the segments
subulate, 0.75 to 1 mm. wide at base, ciliate, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long; corolla 2.5 cm. long, white, glabrous, the lower portion of the
tube slightly curved, about 2 mm. broad from base to 5 mm, above
base, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at throat, the enlarged por-
tion slightly ventricose, the lobes ovate or elliptic, about 8 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide, rounded, shallowly to rather deeply emarginate; sta-
mens barely exserted; capsules clavate, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long, the
solid stipitate base about 6 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion about
3 mm. broad, each capsule usually maturing 4 seeds, these ovate, flat-
tened, about 3.5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, the margins puberulous ;
retinacula slender, sharply curved or bent at an angle.

Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected in pasture
lands at Armero, in the Magdalena Valley, Department of Tolima,
Colombia, 400 meters altitude, October 6, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No.
105292). Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No.
1854310. The name alludes to the Department of Tolima, where the
type was procured.

Ruellia tolimensis is closely related to R. potamophila but can be
separated by the pilose peduncles, these once instead of 2 or 3 times
branched, and by the more numerous veins of the leaf blades (10 pairs
instead of 8).

8, Ruellia potamophila Leonard, sp. nov. FIGure 26

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, nodis tumidis,
perspicue cystolithigeris; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
acuminata, basi angustata, integra vel leviter crenata; pedunculi sub-
teretes, dichotomo-ramosi, glabri, parce et minute pubescentes; brac-
teae infimae foliosae, supremae parvae, spathulatae vel lineares ; pedi-
celli parce pubescentes vel glabrati; calycis segmenta subulata; corolla
alba, glabra, hypocrateriformis, leviter ventricosa, lobis ovatis, ro-
tundatis vel emarginatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae, stipite gracili.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous, the nodes swollen, the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous ;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 18 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
narrowed at base, glabrous, entire or shallowy crenate, the costa and
lateral veins (8 pairs) rather prominent, the cystoliths prominent;
petioles up to 2 cm. long; flowers borne in lax dichotomously branched
cymes, the peduncles up to 8 cm. long, subterete, the primary branches
8 to 4 cm. long, the others relatively shorter, all terete and, like the

72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

peduncles, glabrous or sparingly and minutely pubescent, the hairs
spreading; lower bracts leaflike, deciduous in some plants, the upper-
most bracts spathulate or linear, 5 to 10 mm. long; pedicels 2 to 10 mm.
long, minutely and sparingly pubescent or glabrate; calyx 7 to 10 mm.
long, glabrous, the segments subulate; corolla white, 28 mm. long,
glabrous, the lower half slender, 2 mm. in diameter, the upper half
funnelform, slightly ventricose, 8 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes ovate,
6 to 8 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate, the
stamens included ; capsules 2 cm. long, glabrous, the stipe slender, 8 to
9 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion oval, 5 mm. broad, 4-seeded,
pointed.

Ficure 26. Ruellia potamophila Leonard (a-f, Killip 34747; g, Cuatrecasas 15035): a,
Nodal region and leaf showing under surface; b, cross section of stem; c, portion of leaf
blade (upper surface), showing arrangement of cystoliths at juncture of costa and a vein;
d, inflorescence; ¢, cross section of peduncle; f, calyx; g, corolla. (a, d, Half natural SIZE;
b, c, f, g, about natural size; ¢, about four times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 17 71543, collected in
dense forest along the Rio Engafia, Rio Digua Valley, Department of
Kl Valle, Colombia, 675 meters altitude, April 2 to 4, 1939, by E. P.
Killip (No. 34747). Also represented by:

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 73

CaLpas: Santa Cecilia, 800 meters altitude, von Sneidern 5075 (Ch).

Ex. VALLE: Woods at Piedra de Moler, on the left bank of the Rio Digua, 900
to 1,180 meters, Cuatrecasas 15035 (US). Below Queremal, along the Rio San
Juan, 1,300 to 1,500 meters altitude, Cuatrecasas 23947 (US).

Ruellia potamophila is related in a general way to R. macrophylla,
but it is distinguishable by its white flowers, subulate calyx segments,
and narrowly winged ciliate peduncles. The name potamophila
(rorayés, river, and ¢uéw, loving) alludes to the plant’s predilec-
tion for growing on banks of streams and rivers. Tt is usually found
in densely wooded regions.

4, Ruellia malacosperma Greenm.
Ruellia malacosperma Greenm, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 572. 1899. Type col-
lected at Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico, by Pringle, No. 6806.

Herbaceous plants up to 0.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly pilose, the cystoliths minute and numerous; leaf
blades narrowly oblong, acute or obtusish at apex, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, up to 13 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, rather
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and basal
margins bearing a few white spreading hairs 1.5 to 2 mm. long, the
cystoliths numerous and conspicuous under a lens; petioles up to 2
cm. long, sparingly long-pilose; flowers borne on once to twice dicho-
tomously branched peduncles, these up to 8 cm. long, their branches
4 to 2 em. long, all subquadrangular and glabrous, bearing conspicu-
ous cystoliths, the ultimate forks flower-bearing; bracts linear, about
1 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at base or the uppermost smaller, all
glabrous; calyx 13 to 15 mm. long, divided nearly to the base, the
segments subulate, 1.25 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to tip
and bearing minute scattered hairs on or near the margins, some of
the hairs gland-tipped; corolla 5.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent,
mauve, the tube about 4 mm. broad at base, gradually narrowed to
2 mm. at 1 cm. above base, thence enlarged to 2 cm. at mouth, the
throat funnelform and somewhat ventricose, the limb 4 cm. broad,
the lobes oval, about 1.5 em. long and broad; capsules narrowly
clavate, 23 cm. long, 8- to 20-seeded, glabrous or the apical calluses
puberulous, the solid basal portion about 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad,
the seed-bearing portion 6 mm. broad; seed suborbicular, about 8 mm.
in diameter, silky with white appressed hairs when dry but mucilagi-
nous-pilose when moistened ; retinacula 2 mm. long, slightly curved.

The majority of the collections in the U. 8. National Herbarium,
including the type, are from cultivation. In fact, the distribution
of the species in its wild state cannot be definitely established. It is,
however, probably a native of Mexico. The specific name comes
from padakés, soft, and orépua, seed, in allusion to the silky appressed

74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

pubescence of the dry seed or even possibly to the spreading velvety
mucilaginous pubescence of the moistened seed.

The plant cited below was collected on roadside in a cultivated
hacienda at 1,000 meters altitude, July 4, 1943.

Cauca: Between Gordona and Puerto Cabuyo, Cuatrecasas 14530 (US).
5, Ruellia chariessa Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 27

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, plus minusve pub-
escentibus, angulis rotundatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
apice subacuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel
leviter crenata, glabra vel in costa parce pubescentes; pedunculi grac-
iles, plus minusve curvati, glabri, quadrangulares, dichotomo-ramosi,
bracteae oblanceolatae, apice rotundatae, basi angustatae, glabrae;
calyx glanduloso-puberulus, segmentis anguste lanceolatis; pedicelli
complanati, parce glanduloso-puberulenti; corolla purpurea, hypo-
crateriformis, limbo glabro, tubo pubescente; stamina inclusa; cap-
sulae graciles, clavatae, glanduloso-puberulentes; semina purpurea,
plana; retinacula curvata, subulata.

Shrub or suffrutescent herb; stems quadrangular, more or less
pubescent, the hairs weak, upwardly curved or appressed, the angles
rounded; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 em. long and 7.3 cm.
wide, acutish at tip, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire or shallowly crenate, drying dull green, glabrous or the costa
inconspicuously pubescent beneath, this and lateral veins (10 or 11
pairs) rather prominent, the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous
under lens; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, pubescent; flowers borne in
1 to 3 times dichotomously branched panicles terminating slender, more
or less curved, glabrous quadrangular peduncles up to 16 cm. long,
the secondary branches up to 3 em. long, the others successively shorter,
all slender, quadrangular, glabrous or the uppermost finely pubescent ;
bracts oblanceolate, rounded at apex, narrowed at base, unludate or
entire, the lowermost pair 16 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, the others
successively shorter; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, moderately glandular-
puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the segments narrowly
lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a bluntish tip, the costa more or
less prominent; pedicels flattened, up to 2.5 mm. long, sparingly
glandular-puberulous; corolla purple, 2 cm. long, the lower half
of the tube slender, cylindric, 1.5 mm. broad, finely and inconspicu-
ously pubescent, the upper half funnelform, glabrous, 7 mm. broad
at mouth, the limb about 1 em. broad, the lobes rounded; stamens
short, included; capsules slenderly clavate, about 13 mm. long, pub-
erulous, some of the hairs gland-tipped, the slender sterile basal
portion about 7 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base, enlarging to 1.25

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I (hs)

mm. at base of seed-bearing cavity, this flattened and about 3 mm.
broad; seeds 4 to 8, purplish when mature, round, flat, 2 mm. in
diameter, the margins gelatinous-puberulous when moistened; retina-
cula curved, subulate, 1.5 mm. long, the slender tip more or less erose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950440, collected in
forest east of Turbo, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 50 meters
altitude or less, July 2, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No. 4929). An iso-
type is also in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950439.

Ficure 27.—Ruellia chariessa Leonard (Haught 4929): a, Node, leaf, and inflorescence;
b, cross section of peduncle; ¢, portion of leaf to show cystoliths; d, portion of inflorescence
showing bracts and calyx; ¢, calyx and capsule; f, glandular hairs of calyx; g, corolla.
(a, Half natural size; b, about five times natural size; c, ¢, g, natural size; d, twice natural
size; f, about eight times natural size.)

Ruellia chariessa is a well-marked species apparently with no close
relative, at least in Colombia. Haught states that it has the leaves
red beneath and is probably a widespread species. The name
chariessa means graceful or pleasing.

892687—51—6

76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

6. Ruellia paniculata L.

Ruellia paniculata L. Sp. Pl. 635. 1753. Linnaeus based his species on a
brief description published in Hortus Cliffortianus (p. 313) and on Sloan’s
description and figure (Cat. Jam. p. 59 and Hist. 1: 158. pl. 100, fig.2). The
name was suggested by the large spreading panicles so conspicuous in mature
plants.

Ruellia paniculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239, 1817. Type collected at
Turbaco, Bolivar, Colombia. Muellia paniculata L. is cited as a synonym.
Photograph No. 39433, of the Paris Herbarium sheet, is in the U. S. National
Herbarium.

Ruellia viscosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239. 1817. Humboldt bases his
description on plants he collected “in ripa fluminis Apures”’ and “in
sylvis Orinocensibus justa pagum Carichana.”

Dipteracanthus paniculatus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 142. 1847. Based on
Ruellia paniculata L.

Dipteracanthus turbacensis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 143. 1847. Type collected
by Humboldt at Turbaco, Colombia, deposited in the Willdenow Herbarium.

Ruellia turbacensis Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 309.
1895, Based on Ruellia paniculata H. B. K.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; stems up to 1 meter high, erect,
ascending or sometimes procumbent and rooting at the nodes, the
pubescence a mixture of minute grayish hairs and longer glandular
ones; petioles slender, 1 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-
ovate, 3 to 17 cm. long and 1.5 to 6.5 em. wide, obtuse or acute at
apex, abruptly narrowed at base, glandular-pubescent, grayish-puberu-
lous or glabrate; inflorescence axillary, divaricate or ascending, dicho-
tomously branched; bracts leaflike, glandular-pubescent, those sub-
tending the flowers 2 to 10 mm. long and 1 to 4 mm. wide; calyx 1 to
1.5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent, the segments linear-subulate, un-
equal; corolla blue, finely pubescent, 2 to 4 cm. long, the lobes oval,
6 to 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, the limb 1 to 1.5 em. broad; capsule
cylindric, 10 to 13 mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, erect, pointed,
glabrous, 8-seeded ; seeds flat, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, mucilaginous-
pubescent when moistened.

VERNACULAR NAME: Culantro (Bro. Elias 720).

A strong penetrating rather unpleasant odor is often associated with
the living plants (“Planta hedionda,” Dugand & Jaramillo 4091).
In Atlantico, Dugand states, the plants often grow in scattered col-
onies in dry thorny thickets.

Thickets and waste places in general. Usually found in dry situa-
tions from 0 to 200 meters altitude. Mexico to northern South Amer-
ica and the West Indies.

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 433 (US) ; Bro. Paul B34 (US) ; 42 (US).
Juan Mina, Dugand 1063 (US); Dugand & Jaramillo 4091 (US). Miramar,
vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3633 (US). Between Molinero and Arroyo
de Piedras, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2545 (US). Hacienda El Paraiso along
the Rio Magdalena between Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand & Garcia-
Barriga 2445 (US). Piojé, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 720 (US).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I Ui

Ponedera, Dugand & Jaramillo 2740 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Ariste-Joseph
A946 (US); Barkley € Gutiérrez 1834. (US) ; Bro. Elias 821 (US) ; 1875 (US).
Savanilla, Donnell Smith s.n. (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usiacuri, Dugand &
Garcia-Barriga 2362 (US).

Botivar: Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 303 (US) ; 304 (US) ; Pennell 4728 (NY).
Tierrabomba, vicinity of Cartagena, Billberg 3 (S). Turbaco, Pennell 4743 (GH,
NY, US).

MaGpALeNA: Ciénaga, vicinity of Santa Marta, 7. H. Smith 1359 (Ph, Mo, NY,
US). Goajira on the Rfo Rancheria, Haught 4021 (US). Palmas, Haught 4766
(US).

7. Ruellia inundata H. B. K.

Ruellia inundata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 239. 1817. Type collected
on the banks of the Rio Magdalena near Mompox and Badillas, Bolivar or
Magdalena, Colombia. The banks of the Magdalena in this region are
subject to overflow, hence the specific name inundata, in spite of the fact
that the plants are more likely to be found in very dry situations. They
seem to be partial to limestone soil.

Ruellia albicaulis Bertero in Spreng. Syst. 2: 822. 1825. The type of this
species was collected also along the Rio Magdalena in Colombia. It was
so named because of the whitish glabrate stems (at least the lower por-
tions) of the mature plants.

Aphragmia haenkei Lindl. Nat. Syst. 444. 1836. Type collected in Mexico by
Haenke.

Dipteracanthus haenkei Nees in DC. Prodr,. 11: 141. 1847. Several specimens
are cited. Among these are Cuming’s No. 1163, collected “in oris occidentali-
bus Columbiae et Panamae,” and Bertero’s specimen from Santa Marta
(Berlin and De Candolle herbaria). A fragmentary specimen is in the her-
barium of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems simple
or branched, the tips glandular-pilose, the lower portions becoming
whitish and glabrate; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, up to 15
cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, acute or rounded at base,
denticulate, repand-crenulate or subentire, hispidulous or occasionally
grayish-pubescent beneath; petioles up to 9 cm. long, pilose; inflores-
cence axillary, erect or ascending, dichotomously branched, some-
times forming a dense cylindric panicle, glandular-pubescent; bracts
oblong, 3 to 8 mm. long, to 1 to 3 mm. wide; calyx 8 to 15 mm. long,
glandular-pilose, the segments linear; corolla purplish, pubescent,
2 to 2.5 em. long, the lobes rounded, about 5 mm. wide, the limb 1 cm.
broad; stamens included; capsules clavate, 8 to 9 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, flattened, pointed, glabrous, 2- to 4-seeded; seeds flat, ovate,
4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, smoothish when dry, mucilaginous-pubes-
cent when moistened.

VeERNACULAR NAME: Escobilla de raton (Bro. Elias 13885).

Found along roadsides, on open slopes or in fields in either dry
or moist situations. Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Brazil.

ATLANTICO: Arroyo de Megua, Dugand & Jaramillo 2797 (US). Barranquilla,
Bro. Paul B86 (US). Hacienda El Paraiso, on the banks of the Rio Magdalena

78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

between Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2486 (US).
Piojé, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 707 (US); 746 (US). Puerto Colom-
bia, Barkley & Gutiérrez-V. 1835 (US); Bro. Elias 857 (US) ; 1155 (US) ; 1885
(US); s.n. (NY). Playa de Miramar, vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Dugand
3680 (US) ; 4014 (US). Savanilla, Donnell Smith s. n. (US).

Borivar: Cartagena, Billberg (3). La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena, Billberg
(S); Darbins.n. (S). Sincé, Pennell 4028 (GH, NY, US).

MAGpALENA: Barroblanco, Haught 4751 (US). Codazzi, Haught 3864 (US).
Don Jaco, H. H. Smith 1410 (Mo, NY, Ph, US). La Paz, Haught 3930 (US).
Santa Marta, Bertero s. n. (Mo).

8. Ruellia tuberosa L.

Ruellia tuberosa L. Sp. Pl. 635. 1753. The name tuberosa alludes to the
thickened fusiform roots. These are especially conspicuous on living plants
but usually inconspicuous in herbarium specimens, Type locality: Jamaica

Ruellia clandestina L. Sp. Pl. 634. 1753. The species was based on cleisto-
gamous material, hence its name clandestina (concealed or hidden), alluding
to the minute abortive corollas. Cleistogamy is exhibited in other members
of the genus. Type locality: Barbados.

Cryphiacanthus barbadensis Nees in DC. Prodr, 11:197. 1847, in part. Based
on Ruellia clandestina and R. tuberosa. In his treatment of C. barbadensis
Nees cites a number of nomina nuda found on herbarium sheets, representing
a considerable geographical range, including Colombia, several of the West
Indian Islands, Peru, Guiana, Mexico, Virginia, and Carolina. Some of this
material is undoubtedly Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & Gray) Urb. or some
of its varieties or even other species.

Roots thick-fibrous or fusiform; stems erect or ascending, usually
branched, obscurely quadrangular, pilose or glabrate, bearing numer-
ous minute cystoliths; leaf blades ovate or oblong, 2 to 11 cm. long,
1.5 to 6 em. wide, obtuse at apex, abruptly narrowed at base to a short
petiole, undulate-crisped, rather thick, sparingly pilose or glabrous,
the cystoliths numerous; flowers one to several, borne in erect or
ascending dichotomous cymes, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, glabrous
or pilosulous, obscurely quadrangular; bracts linear, 3 to 8 mm. long;
pedicels 5 to 10 mm. long, puberulous or glabrate; calyx 15 to 28 mm,
long, the tube very short, the segments narrowly linear or subulate,
ciliate or glabrous, often spreading; corolla showy, mauve, 3 to 6 cm.
long, sparingly puberulous, the throat narrowly campanulate, 15 mm.
broad at mouth, the limb 2 to 4 cm. broad, the lobes suborbicular, 12
to 15 mm. wide, undulate or erose; stamens included; style 2 cm. long,
glabrous, the stigma lobes unequal; capsules cylindric, 17 to 20 mm.
long, 8 mm. broad, acute at apex, glabrous except the pilosulous callus;
seeds 20 or more in each cavity, lenticular, 2 to 2.5 mm. in diameter,
appearing glabrous when dry, mucilaginous-pilose when moistened.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Yuca-e-puerco, yuca de puerco (Garganta-
Fdébrega 1075).

In dry situations the plants seldom exceed 35 em. in height, but in
wet places they may reach the height of 1.5 meters (Metcalf 30019).
Its bright mauve flowers make it a very attractive plant. During

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 79

certain seasons an abundance of blossoms is produced, but at other
times scarcely a fully developed corolla can be found. At these times
the plant produces an almost pure crop of cleistogamous flowers.

Roadsides, clearings, and open places in general, often in sandy
loam. Partial to both dry and damp situations. West Indies and
northern South America. It has been reported from Florida, Mexico,
and Central America, but no authentic specimens have been exam-
ined from these regions.

Antioquia: Between Medellin and Antioquia, Metcalf 30019 (Mo, US).

Borivar: Cafio Papayal, vicinity of Estrella, Lands of Loba, Curran 415 (GH,
US). Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 100 (US).

Boyach: Valle de Soaté, Cuatrecasas 1088 (US) ; 1119 (US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Girardot, Pennell & Rusby 167 (GH, NY). La Mesa to San
Javier, Garcia-Barriga 12187 (Col) ; 12148 (US).

HuIa: Vicinity of Natagaima, Rusby ¢ Pennell 1163 (GH, NY).

MacpaLena: Gaira, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 746 (GH, Mo, NY,
Ph, US). Santa Marta, Pérez-Arbeldez 4890 (US). Rio Frio, Santa Marta,
Walker 1205 (Mo, US). Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Barkley & Araque 20
(US) ; 21 (US).

Meta: Llano de San Martin, Triana s. n. (Col).

Norte pE SANTANDER: Aguacaliente de San Luis (Ctcuta), Miguel de Gar-
ganta-Fdbrega 1075 (Ch). Vicinity of Cucuta, Killip & Smith 20978 (US).
Petrélea (cultivated at Orlando, Florida), Foster 2360 (US).

Totima: Tocaima, Pérez-Arbeldez 2471 (US). Rio Magdalena, vicinity of
Mariquita, Triana (Col, US).

WITHOUT LOCALITY: Funck & Schlim 694 (NY).

9. Ruellia macrophylla Vahl

Ruellia macrophylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 72, pl. 39. 1791. Type collected at
Santa Marta by Rohr. Photograph of type in the U. 8. National Herbarium,
No. 22212.

Stemonacanthus macrophyllus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 205. 1847. Based in
part on Ruellia macrophylla Vahl. Nees cites, among other collections,
Rohr’s Santa Marta specimen (Vahl Herbarium) and Goudot’s specimen
(Hooker Herbarium).

Plants erect, up to 2.5 meters high, shrubby at base; stems quad-
rangular, glabrous or sparingly puberulous; leaf blades ovate to
oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, 6 to 24 em. long, 3 to 9 cm, wide, acumi-
nate, ending in a blunt tip, rounded or narrowed at base, decurrent
on the petiole, undulate or shallowly crenate, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous; petioles 2 to 6 em. long, sparingly puberulous or glabrous ;
flowers few, borne on axillary peduncled cymes, the peduncles 4
to 18 cm. long, the branches of the cyme 1 to 8 cm. long, these and the
peduncles glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, broadest at the nodes,
often with a flower in the forks; bracts subtending the flowers lanceo-
late, 2 to 7 mm. long and about 1 mm. wide, those subtending the
branches of the inflorescence somewhat larger, all glabrous or spar-
ingly puberulous; pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. long,

80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

narrowly campanulate, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs, the
segments linear to lanceolate, about 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at
base, acute to obtusish at apex; corolla scarlet or crimson, 4 to 5 cm.
long, sparingly puberulous, the tube salverform, about 8 mm. broad at
mouth, the limb 2.5 to 8 cm. broad, the lobes oblong, about 12 mm.
long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate; ovary glabrous; style
up to 4.5 cm. long, pilosulous; capsules clavate, 14 mm. long, 4 mm.
broad, pointed at tip, narrowed to a solid stipitate base 4 to 5 mm.
long and 2 to 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous, 16-seeded; retinacula bidentate
at apex; seeds reddish brown, lenticular, 8 mm. broad, appressed-
puberulous when dry, mucilaginous-pubescent with spreading hairs
when moistened.

Damp shady places, in woods or thickets, often along streams or in
ravines. Panama, West Indias, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and
Peru.

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 788 (US). Hacienda Rio Dulce, Los
Pendales Dugand & Jaramillo 4155 (US). Piojé, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro.
Elias 695 (US).

Botivar: Sahagtin, Pennell 4115 (GH, NY). Tierra Alta, along the Rio Sint,
Pennell 4178 (in part) (GH, NY). Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 460 (US).

MAGDALENA: Agua Dulce Road, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 381
(GH, Mo, NY, Ph, US). Agua Fria, north of Chiriguané, Haught 3659 (US).
El Recuerdo, Santa Marta mountains, Niemeyer 27 (US). Minca, Bro. Apollinar-
Angel 515 (US). Poponte, Cyril Allen 865 (Mo). Rio Magdalena, Dawe 789
(US). Santa Marta, Bertero s. n. (Mo) ; Romero 257 (Mo).
9a. Ruellia macrophylla Vahl var. puberula Leonard, var. nov.

A forma typica caulibus et pedunculis puberulentis et lamina
foliorum subtus dense puberula recedit.

Erect subherbaceous plants up to 2 meters high; stems (at least
the upper portions), branches of the inflorescence, and lower surface
of the leaf blades densely and softly puberulous, the hairs straight or
slightly curved, mostly spreading, about 0.25 mm. long. In other
respects similar to the typical form.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1709427, collected in
forest on sandstone soil near Codazzi, Department of Magdalena,
Colombia, 800 meters altitude, October 15, 1943, by Oscar Haught,
(No. 8746). An isotype is also in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1709428.

The flowers, according to Haught, are bright red and very showy.

A specimen in the Berlin Herbarium, bearing the name Ruellia
macrophylla 8 pubescens Moritz’ may be this variety.

* DC. Prodr. 11: 205. 1847.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 81

A yellow-flowered form of R. macrophylla has been found in
Venezuela.®
10. Ruellia grisea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 28

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis acutis vel anguste
alatis, puberulis; lamina foliorum ovata, apice subobtusa, basi obtusa
vel rotundata, griseo-puberula; petioli puberuli; pedunculi quadran-
gulares, dichotomo-ramosi, puberuli; flores secundi; bracteae triangu-
lares; pediceli graciles, puberuli; calycis segmenta subulata, pube-
rula; corolla rubra, hypocrateriformis, glabra, lobis ovatis, rotundatis ;
stamina inclusa.

Ficure 28.—Ruellia grisea Leonard (Pérez-Arbeldex @ Cuatrecasas 8336): a, Tip of branch;
b, cross section of stem; ¢, cross section of peduncle; d, portion of inflorescence to show
dichotomous branching; e, bract subtending fork of inflorescence; f, bractlet and calyx;
g, calyx, ovary, and stigma. (a, Half natural size; b, d, e, natural size; c, about 3% times
natural size; f, g, twice natural size.)

Suffrutescent herb; stems simple or branched, up to 1 meter high or
more, erect or ascending, sulcate, quadrangular, the angles sharp or
narrowly winged, puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, spreading
or retrorsely curved; leaf blades ovate, up to 7.5 cm. long and 5 cm.
wide, obtusish at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, entire or undulate,

® Ruellia macrophylla Vahl var. lutea Leonard, var. nov.

A forma typica corolla lutea recedit.

Type in the U. §. National Herbarium, No. 1855197, collected near Rancho
Grande, Parque Nacional, State of Aragua, Venezuela, 800 to 1,000 meters alti-
tude, March 18, 1943, by E. P. Killip (No. 37107).

The leaf blades of the type of the variety are oblong-ovate, slenderly acuminate,
rounded or abruptly narrowed at base, and decurrent on the petiole, the margins
crenate, the under surface rather densely puberulous, the hairs curved and about
0.25 mm. long. Killip states that the plant is a shrub, 1.6 meters high, branched
above, the branches lax and the corolla bright yellow.

82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

both surfaces densely gray puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long;
petioles up to 2 cm. long, puberulous; flowers secund on dichotomously
branched peduncles, the peduncles from base to first fork up to 7 cm.
long, quadrangular, puberulous, the primary and secondary branches
5 to 15 mm. long, sulcate and densely puberulous, the ultimate branches
sometimes forming short racemes; bracts leaflike but much smaller,
deciduous; bractlets narrowly triangular, up to 2 mm. iong; pedicels
slender, 4 to 5 mm. long, puberulous; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long,
puberulous, the segments subulate; corolla red, glabrous, about 22 mm.
long, the narrow portion of the tube 5 mm. long, 2mm. broad at base,
narrowed to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 8 mm. at mouth,
slightly ventricose, the limb about 1 cm. broad, the lobes ovate, 7 mm.
long, about 4 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely reaching tip of
corolla lobes, the anthers 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; ovary cylindric,
3 mm. long, glabrous; style about 8 mm. long, glabrous; stigma lobes
linear, one 1 mm. long, the other 1.5 mm. long, both 0.25 mm. wide.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1795001, collected in
a thicket on a dry savanna between Gigante and Rioloro, Department
of Huila, Colombia, 820 to 860 meters altitude, March 19, 1940, by
E. Pérez-Arbeliez and J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8336).

fuellia grisea is characterized by its crowded red flowers, secund
on dichotomously axillary peduncles, and by the fine gray pubescence.
From this last character the species derives its specific epithet.

11. Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard, sp. nov. FIcurE 29

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, parce vel dense
pubescentibus, angulis acutis vel anguste alatis; lamina foliorum ovata
vel elliptica vel oblonga, apice breviter acuminata, basi angustata vel
rotundata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, integra vel leviter crenata,
supra minute et parce pubescens, subtus dense pubescens; pedunculi
quadrangulares, angulis acutis, pubescentibus; pedicelli graciles,
pubescentes vel glabrati; bracteae oblongac, angustatae, deciduae;
calyx parce et minute pubescens, segmentis subulatis; corolla hypo-
crateriformis, rubra, curvata, ventricosa, lobis ovatis, obtusis vel levi-
ter emarginatis; stamina exserta; antherae lineares, curvatae; cap-
sulae anguste clavatae, glabrae; semina plana, brunnea, marginibus
madefactis dense mucoso-puberulentis.

Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 1 meter high; stems erect or
ascending, quadrangular with sharp or narrowly winged angles, spar-
ingly to rather densely pubescent, the hairs curved to straight and
spreading; leaf blades ovate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 14 em.
long, 8 to 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed or rounded at base
and briefly decurrent on the petiole, entire or shallowly crenate, the
upper surface sparingly pubescent, the lower densely so, the hairs

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 83

about 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) fairly
prominent, the cystoliths of the upper surface, if not obscured by the
hairs, prominent; petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long, pubescent; flowers borne
on axillary dichotomously branched peduncles up to 14 cm. long,
sharply quadrangular, straight or curved, pubescent, the hairs about
0.5 mm. long, the secondary peduncles, if present, about 1.5 cm. long,
quadrangular, pubescent; pedicels slender, about 1 cm. long, finely

Ficure 29.—Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard (a, b, ¢, Haught 2364; d, Cuatrecasas 19710): a,
Tip of stem, showing leaves and inflorescence; b, small area of leaf blade (upper surface)
showing cystoliths; ¢, cross section of peduncle; d, capsule and calyx; e, stamens. (a, d,
Natural size; b, ¢, about three times natural size; c, about seven times natural size.)

and rather sparingly pubescent or glabrate; bracts at tip of the pedun-
cle narrowly oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long and 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, early
deciduous, the smaller bracts, subtending the branches of the inflores-
cence, narrowly spathulate or linear, about 1 mm. wide; calyx 8 mm.
long, sparingly and minutely pubescent, the segments subulate, about
7mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, the cystoliths apparent; corolla
bright red, salmon, or scarlet (Rusby & Pennell), about 3 cm. long,

84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

glabrous or minutely and sparingly pubescent toward base, the tube
narrowly funnelform, curved, ventricose, about 1 cm. broad at mouth,
the lower unexpanded portion about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. broad, the
lobes ovate, about 15 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, obtuse or emarginate at
tip; stamens exserted about 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the tube, the
anthers linear, curved, 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide; ovary bearing a
few minute glandular hairs; style glabrous, barely 3 cm. long, the
stigma narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide;
capsules narrowly clavate, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long and 4 mm. broad,
glabrous, the narrow solid stipe 5 to 8 mm. long and nearly 2 mm.
broad ; seeds flat, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, brown, the margins
densely white gelatinous-puberulous when moistened.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1706762, collected along
the Rio Totare near Palmarrosa, Department of Tolima, Colombia,
October 18, 1938, by Oscar Haught (No. 2364). Also represented by:

Cauca: El Tambo, von Sneidern 2648 (8S).

CUNDINAMARCA: Fusagasugi, Holton 25 (NY).

Et VAaLre: Anserma to Yotoco, Lehmann 3335 (US). El Carmen, Cuatrecasas
19710 (US).

Hvita: El Gigante, Bro. Ariste-Joseph s. n. (US). Vicinity of Neiva, Rusby
é Pennell 1069 (GH, NY) ; 1104 (GH, NY).

ToLIMA; Ibagué, Holton 600 (NY).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LocaLity: Mutis 440 (US) ; 1498 (US).

ftuellia ischnopoda is related to R. ruiziana (Nees) Lindau, a Pe-
ruvian species, but it can easily be separated by its smaller and rela-
tively narrower and less shaggily pubescent leaf blades. The bracts
and calyces of its Peruvian relative are, moreover, strongly hirsute
instead of sparingly and minutely pubescent as in 2. ischnopoda. The
New York sheet of Zolton 600 from Colombia bears the name RP.
ruiziana in Lindau’s handwriting; yet Holton’s collection resembles
the specimens cited here under 2. ischnopoda much more closely than
it does the authentically named material of 2. ruiziana from Peru (in
the U.S. National Herbarium). The epithet ischnopoda comes from
loxvés, Weak or feeble, and mois, foot or stem, in allusion to the slender
weak pedicels.

12. Ruellia caucensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 30

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel ad nodos parce
bifariam pilosulis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice acumin-
ata, basi angustata, crenata vel leviter dentata, glabra vel in costa et
venis prominentibus parce pubescens; pedunculi graciles, glabri, com-
planati, plus minusve curvati, anguste alati, apice plus minusve ramosi,
glabri; calyx parvus, segmentis subulatis, ciliolatis; corolla rubra,
glabra, ventricosa; stamina exserta; antherae lineares; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 85

Stem subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly and bifariously pi-
losulous near nodes; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 12 cm. long and
4 cm. wide, slenderly short-acuminate, (the tip itself blunt to acute).
rather firm, crenate or shallowly dentate, glabrous or the costa of the
upper surface bearing a few small hairs, both costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs) prominent; cystoliths prominent under a lens; petioles
1 to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the margins ciliate; flowers several, borne
in subcapitate clusters or on short bifurcate branches terminating the

Ficure 30.—Ruellia caucensis Leonard (v0n Sneidern 2647): a, Node and inflorescence;
b, cross section of stem; ¢, leaf; d, enlarged portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing
cystoliths; ¢, inflorescence to show dichotomous branching; f, cross section of peduncle;
g, calyx and pedicel; h, stamens. (a, c, Half natural size; b, ¢, natural size; d, g, h, twiec
natural size; f, about three times natural size.)

long slender peduncles, these up to 15 cm. long, glabrous, flattened,
narrowly winged, more or less curved, the branches, when present, 5
to 15 mm. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide or
less; pedicels 5 mm. long, slender, glabrous; calyx 5 mm. long, glab-
rous except the sparingly ciliolate segments, these subulate, 3 mm.
long and about 0.5 mm. wide; corolla red, 3 cm. long, curved, glabrous,
the tube cylindric and about 2 mm. in diameter for about 7 mm. of

86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

its length, thence enlarged to a ventricose funnelform throat about
1 cm. broad, the limb 3 cm. broad, the lobes oblong, 14 mm. long and
8 mm. wide, rounded ; stamens exserted about 5 mm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, the anthers linear, 3.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm.
wide; style slender, exserted about 2 cm. beyond the corolla tube; ovary
glabrous; fruit not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
woods along the Rio Timbio, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,100
meters altitude, September 15, 1938, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 2647).

A specimen collected by Triana, s.n. (S), in the vicinity of Popayan,
Cauca, also represents the species.

Ruellia caucensis is closely allied to R. ischnopoda, from which it
differs chiefly in its glabrous character and in its much smaller calyx.

13. Ruellia rusbyi Leonard, sp. nov. FIcure 31

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis rotundatis, glabris
vel ad nodos parce pubescentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
apice acuminata, basi angustata, glabra, costa et venis prominentibus,
petioli glabri; pedunculi recti vel curvati, infra complanati, superne
quadrangulares, glabri, 1- vel 2-ramosi; bracteae lineares; pedicelli
glabri; calyx glaber, segmentis lineari-subulatis, apice subobtusis;
corolla punicea vel rubra, curvata, hypocrateriformis, glabra, lobis
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina
plana, ovata, madefactis dense mucoso-puberulis; retinacula subcucul-
lata, apice truncata, plus minusve lacerata.

Suffrutescent herbs; stems quadrangular (the angles rounded),
glabrous or bearing a few small hairs at or near the nodes; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 15 em. long and 6 cm. wide, acuminate at
tip, narrowed at base, rather thin, drying dark olive or blackish,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) rather prominent,
the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, 0.25 mm. long, straight or
nearly so; petioles 0.5 to 10 em. long, glabrous; flowers borne in
axillary peduncled cymes, the peduncles 10 to 12 cm. long, straight
or slightly curved, flattened toward base, quadrangular toward tip,
glabrous, once to twice branched at tip, both branches and flowers
produced at the nodes, the secondary peduncles up to 12 mm. long,
quadrangular, glabrous, the lowest node subtended by a pair of linear
leaflike bracts 8 to 12 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, their margins un-
dulate, the bracts subtending the secondary peduncles linear, about
4 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, glabrous; pedicels (mature) slender, 12
mm. long, glabrous; calyx 10 mm. long, glabrous, the cystoliths
numerous and prominent under a lens, the segments linear, 8 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide at base, obtusish at tip; corolla pink or red; capsule

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 87

clavate, glabrous, 2 cm. long, 8-seeded, the seed-bearing portion 4
mm. broad at middle, the narrowed solid basal portion about 10 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide at base and 2.5 mm. wide at base of cavity; seeds
(immature) cordate, flat, about 3 mm. in diameter, gelatinous-
puberulous when moistened; retinacula linear, 2.5 mm. long, the tip
truncate and lacerate.

Ficure 31.—Ruellia rusbyi Leonard (a, b, f, Rusby &F Pennell 548; c-e, Rusby &3 Pennell 1000):
a, Tip of branch; b, cross section of stem; c, portion of leaf blade to show cystoliths;
d, cross section of peduncle; ¢, capsule; f, stamen. (a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c,
about 144 times natural size; d, four times natural size; ¢, twice natural size; f, three
times natural size.)

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in forest east of Neiva, De-
partment of Huila, Colombia, 1,300 to 1,800 meters altitude, August
1 to 8, 1917, by H. H. Rusby & F. W. Pennell (No. 1000). A fragment
of the type is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1933917; an isotype
is in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

Rusby and Pennell’s No. 510 (NY), collected east of Neiva, 700
to 1,500 meters altitude, and No. 548 (NY), collected in the same
general region, 1,200 to 1,700 meters altitude, also represent the
species.

88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

fiuellia rusbyi is related to R. caucensis. In their general appear-
ance and in the type of inflorescence the two species are very similar;
yet there exist several differences by which they can be readily sepa-
rated. The calyx of 2. caucensis is smaller (5 mm. long instead of
10 mm. as in 2, rusbyi), the channels of its petioles are definitely
pubescent, and the leaf blades are shallowly dentate instead of un-
dulate or entire, drying to a lighter olive-green.

14. Ruellia longifilamentosa Lindau

Ruellia longifilamentosa Lindau, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. (Wein) 16: 72.
1901. Type collected in Cauca by Karsten.

Shrub up to 3 meters high; stems quadrangular above, terete below,
gray-tomentose, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate,
up to 14 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate at apex (the tip itself
blunt), more or less abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, the margins entire or undulate, the upper surface finely pubes-
cent, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, more numerous on costa and veins,
the lower surface densely velvety pubescent, the hairs spreading,
straight or curved, densest on costa and veins (6 or 7 pairs), the vena-
tion prominent beneath, less so above; petioles up to 2 em. long,
tomentose; flowers borne in short racemes up to about 3 cm. long
(including corollas), forming a terminal panicle about 10 cm. long
and broad, its branches softly and finely pubescent, the lowermost up
to 4.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, retrorsely curved, the pedicels up to 5 mm. long, finely pubescent,
leaving prominent scars after falling, thus giving the rachis a conelike
appearance; calyx finely pubescent and resin-dotted, the tube about 1
mm. long, the segments linear, about 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide at base,
acute at tip, densely pubescent, the hairs about 100u long, spreading
or recurved ; corolla yellow, densely pubescent except at base, the hairs
straight and spreading, up to 150 p long, intermixed with resinous
discs, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 3 mm. at 2
mm. above base, thence abruptly expanding to 1 cm. at mouth, the en-
larged portion oblique, the lobes oval, 1 cm. long and about 6 mm. wide,
rounded and emarginate at tip, their margins ciliolate; stamens long-
exserted at maturity, the filaments attached near base of expanded
part of tube, about 3 cm. long, strongly curved, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous near base, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad; ovary
puberulous and resin-dotted, the style about 3.5 cm. long, sparingly
and minutely pubescent; capsule clavate, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad and
5 mm. thick, finely and densely puberulous, bearing interspersed,
minute resin discs, the cavity extending nearly to base, 8-seeded ().

Ruellia longifilamentosa is characterized by its yellow flowers and
long exserted, strongly curved stamens. In his comments on the spe-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 89

cies, Lindau states that he is unable to relate this species to any
other Ruellia. It should, however, be near R. humboldtiana and R.
tubiflora, as indicated by its conelike rachis.

Found at altitudes between 1,050 and 1,550 meters, in Cauca and
Cundinamarca.

CUNDINAMARCA: Finca La Esmeralda, Vereda Torriba, San Francisco, Gar-
cia-Barriga 10998 (US). Hacienda Curiche, El Pefién, between Rio Bunque and
Rio Murca, Garcia-Barriga 12478 (US).

15. Ruellia humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau

Stemonacanthus humboldtianus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 206. 1847. Nees’ de-
scription is based on Humboldt’s No. 709, collected at the Hacienda Mate-
rolla, Aragua, Venezuela, and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium. A
photograph of this specimen is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 18210.
As a Greek-letter variety, Nees also cites here Linden’s No. 1526, which he
examined in the Hooker Herbarium. A photograph of an isotype in the
Vienna Herbarium (U. 8S. National Herbarium, No. 32745) portrays an
apparently glabrous plant with thin elliptical leaf blades, acute to obtusish
at apex, and a small slender few-flowered thyrse. This Linden specimen
might well represent an undescribed species.

Ruellia humboldtiana Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 366. 1895. Based pre-
sumably on Stemonacanthus humboldtianus Nees.

Suffrutescent herbs; stems obscurely quadrangular, glabrous or the
nodes and tips puberulous; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-
elliptic, 4 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself
obtuse), acute or rounded at base and decurrent on the petiole, un-
dulate, both surfaces pilosulous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
lateral veins, the lower surface minutely punctate; petioles 1 to 1.5
cm. long, puberulous; inflorescence a thrysoid panicle up to 10 cm.
long, the branches each bearing from several to 20 or more flowers,
the rachis conelike, minutely puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about as
long as the calyx, often deciduous; calyx 9 to 12 mm. long, puberulous,
punctate, the segments linear-lanceolate, 6 to 9 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base; corollas pink, red, or bright carmine, salverform, minutely
pubescent, up to 6 cm. long, the tube slightly curved and ventricose,
2mm. broad at base, narrowed above ovary to 2 mm., thence gradually
enlarged to about 12 mm. at mouth, the limb up to 5 cm. broad, the
lobes oblong-ovate, up to 3 cm. long and 8 to 9 mm. wide near tip,
emarginate; stamens exserted; capsules clavate, puberulous, gland-
dotted, 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, rather bluntly pointed, narrowed
to a slender solid base about 3 mm. long; seed brown, appressed-
puberulous, about 5.5 mm. long and 5 mm. wide.

Roadsides, borders of damp woods or thickets, and in open places
in general. Found usually between 100 and 820 meters altitude.
Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela.

Meta: Camino de Restrepo to Cumaral, Garcia-Barriga 5126 (US). Woods
of the Rios Ocoa and Apiay, Llanos Orientales, Dugand & Jaramillo 3113 (US).

90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Villavicencio and vicinity, Bro. Apollinaire s. n. (US) ; Cuatrecasas 4536 (US) ;
Haught 2458 (US) ; Killip 34361 (US); Pennell 1630 (NY); Pérez-Arbeldez 50
(US). Tres Esquinas Mill, Villavicencio, Helen Schiefer 757 (GH).

NorTE DE SANTANDER: Santa Librada, Quebrada de la China, a tributary of the
Rio Cubugén, region of Rio Sarare, Cuatrecasas 12976 (US).

Vaupés: Calamar on the Rio Unilla, Cuatrecasas 7317 (US). Caiio Popore,
valley of the Rio Apaporis, Cuatrecasas 7075 (US).

VicHapA: Vicinity of San José de Ocune, Haught 2812 (US); Hermann
10942 (US).
16. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K.

Ruellia tubifiora H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 241. 1817. Type collected on
Shaded bank of Rio Magdalena near Honda; Tolima, Colombia. The
specific name alludes to the long tubular flowers.

Scorodorylum hartwegianum Nees in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 236. 1846. Type
collected in a shady place near the village of Guaduas, Bogota, Colombia, by
Hartweg.

Ruellia purdieana Hook. Bot. Mag. Curtis 73: pl. 4298. 1847. Named in
honor of Purdie and based on cultivated material. The type may possibly
have been grown from seed collected by Purdie in the Santa Marta region of
Colombia.

Arrhostorylum hartwegianum Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 209, 1847. A new
combination based on Hartweg’s specimen from Guadas.

Ruellia stuebelii Lindau in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 377. 1896. Type collected
in the vicinity of Honda by Stuebel, No. 68a.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high; stems ascending, subquad-
rangular, glabrous, or puberulous at tips and nodes, the upper portions
bearing minute glandular scales; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 6 to 24 em.
long, 6 to 9 cm. wide, more or less abruptly acuminate at apex (the
tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire,
undulate or shallowly crenate, glabrous, both surfaces bearing minute
semitranslucent reddish glands, or, in absence of these, minute pits, the
glands and pits more conspicuous on the lower surface than on the
upper, the cystoliths (upper surface) numerous, slender, minute, the
costa and lateral veins (7 to 9 pairs) fairly prominent; petioles 1 to
3.cm. long, glabrous or puberulous; inflorescence a short terminal spike
subtended by leafy bracts 2 to 5 cm. long and 1.5 to 2 em. wide, the
rachis conelike, 5 to 12 mm. long, bearing 4 rows of conspicuous scars
after the falling of bracts and flowers; bractlets triangular, 1 to 2
mm. long; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx up to 15 mm. long, gland-
dotted, the segments lanceolate, 3 to 14 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,
glabrous or puberulous; corolla crimson, lilac, or red, sparingly
puberulous, gland-dotted, about 4 cm. long, the tube infundibular,
curved, 1 to 1.5 cm. broad at throat, the limb about 3 em. broad, the
lobes oval or suborbicular, 1 cm. long or more, spreading; anthers
slightly exserted, sagittate, 3.5 mm. long; capsule clavate, 15 mm.
long, about 8 mm. broad, puberulous or glabrate, gland-dotted, the
solid basal portion 3 to 4 mm. long and broad, the retinacula curved,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 91

slender, 5 mm. long, seeds 8 or more, flat, orbicular, 5 mm. in diameter,
1 mm. thick, appressed-pilose when dry, mucilaginous-pilose when
moistened.

Ruellia tubiflora is extremely variable in the color and size of the
corolla, in the type and abundance of the pubescence, and in the rela-
tive size, shape, and texture of the leaf blades. On the other hand, it
is very constant in the type of inflorescence, the presence of the minute
glandular scales, dots, or pits on various parts of the plant, especially
the leaf blades, calyx, bracts, and capsules, and in the presence of the
large leaflike bracts supporting the flower cluster. The typical form
is glabrous or more or less puberulous and produces large purple or
reddish flowers. White-flowered plants from Costa Rica were called
R. tetrastichantha by Lindau. This name is often applied to the
white-flowered plants of Colombia as well as to those with purple-
throated corollas. Still other plants produce yellow flowers (Costa
Rica), others, small white or purple ones, and one Colombian plant,
although producing large white flowers, is strongly hirsute. ‘These
variations are here given varietal or form status.

The leaf blades of some of the specimens examined (Cuatrecasas
10529) are thin, drying green, but those of others (Ariste-Joseph
A978) are thickish and turn blackish on drying. This variation might
possibly be due to a difference in habitat, the thin-leafed plants grow-
ing in shaded regions and the thick-leafed ones in more open situations.

Damp forests or thickets at lower elevations (400 to 450 meters).
Panama, Colombia.

BotivaB: La Popa, vicinity of Cartagena, Billberg s.n. (S).

HUvILA: Rio Saldafia to Natagaima, Rusby & Pennell 250 (GH, NY).

Meta: Susumoco, vicinity of Villavicencio, Triana s. n. (Col).

TotimMa: Armero, Cuatrecasas 10529 (US). Honda, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A973
(US). Rio Seco, above Honda, Holton 282 (GH); Triana s.n. (Col).
16a. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard, comb. nov.

Ruellia tetrastichantha Lindau in Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costar, 2: 300. 1900.

The type of R. tetrastichantha was collected on the bank of the Rio Cor-
rozal near Santo Domingo de Osa, Costa Rica, April 1896, by A. Tonduz, No.
9984. The name tetrastichantha (rerpa-, four, and orixos, a row or rank)
alludes apparently to the short conical axis of the spike, this bearing four
rows of conspicuous scars after the fall of the flowers and bracts.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 4 meters high; stems subquad-
rangular, glabrous or puberulous toward tip, the hairs minute, brown-
ish, curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 7 to 18 or oc-
casionally 25 cm. long, 2.5 to 9 cm. wide, acuminate, sometimes
abruptly so (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petioles, the margins entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) brown-puberu-
lous; calyx segments subulate to linear-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long;

892687—51——_7

92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

corollas pure white, 6 to 8 cm. long, funnelform, the mouth 1 to 2 cm,
broad, the limb 2 to 3 cm. broad; capsules about 2 cm, long and 1 em.
broad.

Wet forests or thickets, often along roads and trails or on banks of
streams. Generally found at lower altitudes. Costa Rica, Panama,
Colombia.

CUNDINAMARCA: Jerusalem, Pérez-Arbeldez 576 (US).

Cauca: La Costa, El Tambo, von Sneidern 864 (S).

Mera: Villavicencio, Cuatrecasas 4535 (US) ; 4631 (US) ; Collector? 188 (US).

SANTANDER: Vicinity of El Roble, Killip & Smith 19359 (NY, US).
16b. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard, f. bicolor

Leonard, f. nov.

A forma typica corolla grandis alba forcibus purpureis recedit.

Shrub or suffrutescent herb 1 to 2 meters high, essentially glabrous;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, slenderly
and more or less abruptly acuminate, the tip often curved and blunt,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin to subcoriaceous,
the costa and veins (about 10 pairs) prominent, especially beneath;
petioles 1 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla about 9 cm. long, white with blue,
violet, or purple throat, sparingly puberulous, the tube funnelform,
curved, 2 to 3 cm. broad at mouth, the limb 4 to 5 em. broad, the lobes
suborbicular, rounded or emarginate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long and broad;
capsule clavate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad, blunt at tip; seed
brown, about 5 mm. long and broad, densely appressed-pilose when
dry.

‘Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1706866, collected along
stream at Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 500 meters
altitude, January 29, 1939, by Oscar Haught (No. 2569). The follow-
ing collections also represent the new form:

Boyacd: El Humbo, Lawrance 564 (GH, Mo. NY, 8).

Mera; Monte de Machadero, Ocoa, vicinity of Villavicencio, Hermann 11117
(US). Sitio de Montenegro, on the Guayuriba Road between Villavicencio and
Ocoa, Dugand & Jaramillo 2920 (US). Villavicencio, Killip 34354 (US).

Borders of damp thickets and woods or along trails and roads.
Found at elevations of about 500 meters. Endemic. The name 33-
color alludes to the purple-throated white corollas.
16c. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard f. flava

Leonard, f. nov.

A forma typica corolla flava recedit.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to about 1.5 meters high; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 cm. long, 8 to 10 em. wide, abruptly
short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole;
corolla about 7 cm. long, yellow, puberulous, the tube funnelform,
about 18 mm. broad at mouth, the limb about 2.5 em. broad; capsules
not seen.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 93

VERNACULAR NAME: Corteza de venado (Biolley 16331).

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 472479, collected at
Surubres near San Mateo, on the Pacific watershed, Alajuela, Costa
Rica, 250 meters altitude, January 1901, by P. Biolley (No. 16331).
Biolley’s Nos. 17305 and 17823, collected in the same general region,
150 meters altitude, February 1909, also represent the new form.

Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastichantha f. flava is easily recognized
by its yellow flowers and large leaf blades.

16d. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. hirsuta Leonard, var. nov.

Frutex vel subfrutex hirsutus; corolla alba, grandis.

Shrub or suffrutescent herb; stem subquadrangular, hirsute, the
upper portions subtomentose; leaf blades oblong to oblong-ovate,
slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), both surfaces rather densely
hirsute, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long; corolla up to 10 cm. long, white,
finely puberulous, the tube infundibular, 1.5 cm. broad at mouth, the
limb about 4 cm. broad.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853779, collected toward
El Parrao, vicinity of Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia,
500 meters altitude, November 10, 1938, by Cuatrecasas (No. 4591).

Another specimen is: Bro. Apollinaire s. n. (Bog, US), collected
at Villavicencio, December 1928.

Except for its hairiness, Ruellia tubiflora var. hirsuta closely re-
sembles the variety tetrastichantha.

16e. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. parviflora Leonard, var. nov.

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina oblonga, glabra, apice
subobtusa, basi angustata, in petiolun decurrens, glabra; corolla
purpurella.

Suffrutescent herb up to about 60 cm. high, stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or obscurely puberulous at nodes; leaf blades oblong, 8 to
15 cm. long, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, obtusish at apex, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, glabrous or the veins and margins minutely
and obscurely puberulous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
prominent; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; corolla about 4 cm. long, minutely
puberulous, pale violet-white, infundibular, the tube about 1 cm. broad
at. mouth, the limb about 2 cm, broad; capsule clavate, 2 em. long and
8 mm. broad, puberulous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1858494, collected be-
tween San Pedro and La Joya, below Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo,
Colombia, January 16, 1945, by J. Ewan (No. 16785).

The collector found a single colony of these plants in partial shade
of a small clearing. The pale violet-white flowers were inodorous.

16f. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. parviflora Leonard, f. alba Leonard, f. nov.

Herba; corolla parva, alba.

94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Herb; stems subquadrangular, glabrous; leaf blades oblong-ovate,
6 to 11cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, obtusish at apex, narrowed and decur-
rent on the petiole nearly to its base, glabrous; corolla minutely
puberulous, white, 4 cm. long, the tube infundibular, about 12 mm.
broad at mouth, the limb about 2 cm. broad.

Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected in damp
forest on the bank of the Rio Mulato, at Mocoa, Comisarfa of Putu-
mayo, Colombia, 570 to 600 meters, December 26, 1940, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 11276). Type fragment in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1853886.

The leaf blades of the specimen have a faint mottled area of lighter
green about midway between the costa and margin. This character
is probably all the more apparent in living plants.

17. Ruellia lorentziana Griseb.

Ruellia lorentziana Griseb, Abh. Boehm. Ges. Wiss. 24: 259. 1879. Grisebach

based his description on Lorentz’s No. 1598, collected at Tucumén, Argentina.

Suffrutescent; stems erect, obscurely quadrangular, glandular-
puberulous; petioles 1 to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly pilose; leaf
blades ovate, up to 16 em. long and 9 cm. wide, obtuse at apex, nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, crenulate-
crisped, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly pilose, the cystoliths nu-
merous and prominent; inflorescence a terminal interrupted narrow
panicle, the branches 2- or 3-flowered; peduncles 1 to 3 em. long,
glandular-puberulous; bracts linear, 8 to 8 mm. long, glandular-
puberulous; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long,
glandular-puberulous, the tube 2 mm. long, the segments linear-
subulate, unequal, 0.5 mm. wide near base; corolla, when fully ex-
panded, 8 to 3.5 cm. long, sparingly puberulous, mauve, the narrow
basal portion of the tube about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, the
upper portion campanulate, 10 to 18 mm. in diameter at mouth, the
limb 3 mm. broad, the lobes rounded; stamens included; capsule fusi-
form, 2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, abruptly narrowed and pointed at
apex, narrowed at base (the solid basal portion about 4 mm. long),
glandular-puberulous, 12- to 16-seeded; seed flat, ovate, subcordate at
base, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, mucilaginous-pilose when
moistened.

VERNACULAR NAME: Campanula morada (Duque 1446).

Ruellia lorentziana closely resembles R. obtusa Nees and R. tuberosa
L. It can, however, be easily separated from these two species by its
puberulous capsules and the glandular hairs of the inflorescence. The
species was named in honor of Paul Guenther Lorentz, a collector of
Argentine plants.

Along roads or railways and open waste places in general. Colom-
bia, Peru, and Argentina.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 95

Cunprinamarca: Vicinity of Apulo, Killip, Dugand, & Jaramillo 88257 (US).
Narifio, Pérez-Arbeldez 399 (US). Tocaima, Pérez-Arbeldez 2518 (US).

Ex VALLE: Vicinity of Aqueduct, Rio Cali, Duque 1446 (Valle).

MAGpALENA: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Barkley & Araque 22 (US).

Torima: Mariquita, 7’riana s. n. (Col).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Holton 598 (GH, NY).

18. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K.

Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 9: 240, 1817. Type collected in
“Jocis temperatis, siccis prope Santa Ana et Ibague, Novo-Granatensium,”
500 to 700 meters altitude, by Humboldt. Photograph (No. 294381) of the
Paris Herbarium specimen in the U. 8S. National Herbarium.

Dipteracanthus geminiflorus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9:40. 1847. Based on
Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K.

Herb up to 50 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, pilosulous; leaf
blades ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, short-petioled, 1.5 to 5 em. long, 0.5
to 2. cm. wide, obtuse or acutish at apex, narrowed at base, entire, hir-
tellous; flowers axillary; calyx 10 mm. long or less, pilosulous, the seg-
ments linear-lanceolate; corolla mauve, pubescent, usually 2.5 to 3 cm.
long, the lobes suborbicular, 5 to 10 mm. wide; capsules clavate, 8 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, puberulous, 4-seeded, the seeds apparently glabrous
when dry, mucilaginous-pubescent when moistened.

VerNACULAR NAMES: Jasmin (Garcia-Barriga 5107); yuquilla
(Garcia-Barriga 5158).

The name geminiflora, twin flower, was given to the species because
the flower usually occur in pairs. Nees, on transferring the species to
the genus Dipteracanthus, recognized five Greek-letter entities, namely
a, procumbens, B, hirsutior, y, erectus, 6, subacaulis, and e, angustifolius.
None of these have been validly published except 8 and «.”®

Pastures, savannas, open hillsides, and fields. Central America,
West Indies, northern South America.

CuNDINAMARCA: Icononzo, Pennell 2783 (NY).

Cauca: El Tambo, von Sneidern 1061 (S) ; 1062 (S). Rio Timbio, von Sneidern
2651 (8).

Ex, Vauie: El Negro, Dryander 2887 (US). Vicinity of La Cumbre, Pennell
é Killip 5970 (GH, NY). Pavas, Pennell 5475 (GH, NY, US). Potredillo to Mira-
flores, Palmira, Pennell 6047 (GH). Vicinity of Pavas, Killip 11635 (GH). La
Paila, Holton 597 (NY, Ph).

Hua: East of Neiva, Rusby & Pennell 398 (NY).

Meta: Apiai, Villavicencio, Cuatrecasas 4727 (US). Cabuyaro, Rio Meta,
Garcia-Barriga 5158 (Col). Sabana del Vergel, Garcia-Barriga 5107 (US). San
Martin, Hermann 11198 (US).

TotiMmA! Mariquita, Pennell 3675 (GH, Mo, NY, US).
18a. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K. var. angustifolia (Nees) Griseb.

Dipteracanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9:
40. 1847. Type collected “prope Valenciam in Venezuela” by Moritz.

” Ryellia geminiflora var. hirsutior Nees ex Hicken, Darwiniana 1: 140. 1924.
Ruellia geminiflora var. angustifolia Nees ex Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 451. 1861.

96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Dipteracanthus angustifolius Brem. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 157. 1988,
Based on Dipteracanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees.

Ruellia geminifiora var. angustifolia Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 451. 1861. Based
on Dipteracanthus geminiflorus Nees var. angustifolius Nees,

Herbs up to 40 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, sulcate, densely to
sparsely hirsute or glabrescent, the cystoliths inconspicuous; leaves
sessile or subsessile, linear to narrowly lanceolate, up to 6.5 cm. long
and 1.2 cm. wide or occasionally as much as 1.5 em. wide, acute to ob-
tusish (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, both surfaces densely
to sparsely hirsute, the costa and lateral nerves (5 to 8 pairs) usually
prominent beneath, the cystoliths obscure; flowers often opposite,
usually terminal at blossoming stage; bractlets linear, up to 6.5 mm.
long and 0.8 mm. wide, hirsute; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, about 1.5
em. long and 1 mm. wide near base, densely hirsute; corolla blue, pink,
white, violet, or blue-violet, pubescent, 4.5 to 5 cm. long, the tube fun-
nelform, about 2 cm. broad at throat, the narrow basal portion about 1
em. long and 2 mm. in diameter, the lobes about 1.5 em. long; capsule
ovoid, 10 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, pubescent, apiculate, the sterile basal
portion about 3 mm. long.

In addition to the narrowness of the leaf blades mentioned by Nees,
Bremekamp states in his discussion of Dipteracanthus angustifolius
that he finds a number of characters by which to separate his species
from Humboldt’s R. geminiflora, namely, “the stem is erect and not
procumbent; the leaves are sessile, not shortly petiolate, at the top
acute, not obtuse, and at the base cuneate, not rounded ; the number of
the nerve pairs varies between 5 and 8, instead of being always 5;
bracteoles are present and not even small, instead of being absent; the
calyx lobes are 15 mm. long and all of the same size, not posticous, one
10 mm. and the others shorter; the corolla is up to 5 cm. long, instead
of 2.5-3.5 cm.; the capsule shortly pubescent, not more or less tomen-
tose.” Some of these differences are not very apparent in the Colom-
bian specimens, which, in fact, seem in some respects to verge strongly
toward the typical form, i. e. Humboldt’s P, geminifiora. Inasmuch
as eastern Colombia is at the edge of the range of the var. angusti-
folia, this could naturally be expected.

Savannas, meadows, open places in general. The specimens cited
were collected from 100 to 500 meters altitude. Guiana, Venezuela,
and eastern Colombia.

Meta: Cafio Ijoa, road from Macapay to Barranca de Upia, Haught 2596 (US).
Sabanas del Verjel, Garcta-Barriga 5131 (US). Vicinity of Villavicencio, Killip
343830 (US).

VauPés: San José del Guaviare, Rio Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7640 (US).
VicHapba: Along the Rio Vichada at Bopimf, Hermann 11102.

19. Ruellia obtusa Nees
Ruellia obtusa Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 152. 1847. Type collected at Carta-
gena, Colombia, by Goudot, deposited in the Hooker Herbarium.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 97

Herbs up to 70 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, quadrangular,
narrowly winged, pilosulous or the internodes glabrescent; petioles
up to 3 cm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 9 cm. wide,
obtuse or rounded at apex, abruptly narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, repand-crenate, both surfaces sparingly hirsute or
glabrescent; flowers borne in an interrupted spike of verticillasters,
the lowermost short-pediceled ; bracts small, lanceolate, or those sub-
tending the lower verticillasters leaflike ; bractlets subulate, 1 to 3 mm.
long; calyx segments subulate, about 15 mm. long, pilose and ciliate,
the hairs up to 1 mm. long; corolla lavender or purplish pink, up to
5 cm. long, finely pubescent, the throat narrowly campanulate, 1.5 to
2 em. in diameter at mouth, the limb about 3 cm. broad; stamens
included; style glabrous; capsules cylindric, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, slightly
flattened, glabrous or a few minute hairs on the calluses; seeds 20 or
more, lenticular.

VERNACULAR NAME: Oreja de mula (Bro. Elias 247; 988).

The name obtusa alludes to the obtuse or round-tipped leaf blades.

Thickets, roadsides, waste places in general. Grows at low altitudes,
usually below 300 meters.

ArtiANtico: Barranquilla, Bro. Paul C11 (US). Vicinity of Galapa and
Baranoa, Dugand & Jaramillo 3280 (US). Hacienda El Paraiso on the Rio
Magdalena between Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand & Garcta-Barriga
2539 (US). Puerto Colombia, Pennell 12047 (GH, NY, US); Dugand & Jara-
millo 3242 (US) ; Bro. Elias 988 (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usiacurf, Dugand &
Garcia-Barriga 2369 (US) ; 2883 (US); Bro. Elias 247 (US). Without definite
locality, Bro. Elias s.n. (NY).

Borivar: Calamar, Pennell & Rusby 18 (NY). Juana Sanchez Trail, Island
of Mompos, Lands of Loba, Curran 264a (US). Turbaco, Killip € Smith 14212
(NY, US); Pennell 4764 (GH, NY).

MAGDALENA: Vicinity of Fonseca, Haught 4348 (US).

SANTANDER: Puerto Wilches, Rusby 4799 (NY).

20. Ruellia colorata Baill.

Ruellia colorata Baill. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 853. 1890. Type col-

lected by Grisar in Peru or Ecuador.

Suffrutescent herbs; stems glabrous, quadrangular; leaf blades
large, oblong-elliptic, up to 30 cm. long and 15 cm. wide, more or less
abruptly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
thin, the margins undulate or shallowly or sometimes coarsely crenate,
both surfaces glabrous, the cystoliths prominent under a lens, the costa
and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs) conspicuous; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
clabrous; flowers borne in a terminal spike up to 12 cm. long and 8 cm.
wide, bracts ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, acutish to obtuse
at apex, rounded or slightly narrowed at base, both surfaces minutely
and sparingly hirsute or glabrate, the margins entire, the peduncles
up to 10 mm. long, these and the rachis more or less puberulous; bract-
lets linear, 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, obtusish at apex, red, sparingly

98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

and minutely pubescent; calyx about 1 cm. long, red, sparingly and
minutely pubescent, the segments lanceolate, 8 to 9 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide; bracts ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, acutish to obtuse
pubescent without, glabrous within, the tube about 6 mm. broad at
base, narrowed to 2 mm. at about 10 mm. above base, thence rather
abruptly enlarged to 7 mm., then gradually to 12 mm. at mouth, ven-
tricose, the segments oblong, up to 19 mm. long and 9 mm. wide,
rounded at tip, the filaments exserted 1 cm. beyond mouth of the
corolla tube; anthers linear-lanceolate, 5.5 to 6 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to 0.5 mm. at tip; ovary glabrous;
mature capsule not seen.
Dense forests. Peru, Ecuador, and southern Colombia.

PuTuMAYO: Rio San Miguel in the region of Bermeja, Cuatrecasas 11027
(US). Rio San Miguel, in the vicinity of Conejo, Schultes 3507 (US).

21. Ruellia viridiflora Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 32

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, angulis rotun-
datis, nodis verrucosis; lamina foliorum lanceolata vel rhombica, apice
acuminata vel acuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, crenata,
membranacea, supra glabra, subtus in costa et venis appresso-pubes-
centia; petioli brevi; flores numerosi, axillares; calycis segmenta lan-
ceolata, acuminata, apice parce pilosula; corolla parce puberula, sub-
viridis, tubo hypocrateriformi, lobis ovatis; stamina inclusa; capsula
clavata, glabra.

Suffrutescent herb up to 5 meters high; stems quadrangular (the
angles rounded), up to 2 em. in diameter, glabrous, verrucose at nodes;
leaf blades lanceolate to rhombic, up to 30 cm. long and 17 cm, wide,
acuminate or acute, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, crenate,
rather thin, glabrous above, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens,
the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) finely appressed pubescent ;
petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; flowers numerous, clustered in the axils of
the upper leaves; calyx up to 7 mm. long, the segments lanceolate,
acuminate, 6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, glabrous below, sparingly
pilosulose toward tip of segments; corolla 3 to 3.5 em. long, pale green,
sparingly puberulous, the tube hypocrateriform, the lower half slen-
der, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper half narrowly campanulate,
about 8 mm. in diameter at mouth, 1.5 to 2 em. broad, the lobes ovate;
stamens included; capsule 17 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, clavate, the solid
basal portions slender, comprising about one-half the length of the
capsule, glabrous, 6-seeded; retinacula 2 mm. long.

‘Type in the Herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
thick forest 180 miles north of Bogoté at “El Humbo,” Department of
Boyaca, Colombia, “2500 feet” altitude, September 30, 1932, by A. E.
Lawrance (No. 491). Isotypes are in the Gray Herbarium and the

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 99

herbaria of the Missouri and New York Botanical Gardens. A type
fragment is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 59588.

iv

\ x
\ 3! x — . ;
rye 7 ‘
| ays
‘ . ~ .
= fh
VY. 1) : ' ;
= . ~ \ Hl
to oaks : ° ' ~ va .
= . i
_ “mM 1 _ .

Ficure 32.—Ruellia viridiflora Leonard (Lawrance 491): a, Node, showing inflorescence and
leaf; b, cross section of stem; ¢, lower stem leaf; d, portion of leaf showing cystoliths;
¢. calyx and capsule. (a, c, Half natural size; b, d, ¢, natural size.)

Ruellia viridiflora is a well-marked species, easily recognized by
its large size, large crenate leaves, and axillary clusters of pale green
flowers.

100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

22. Ruellia pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. FIcure 33

Herba, caulibus infra suffrutescentibus, quadrangularibus, glabris
vel parce (aliquando bifariam) pubescentibus, pilis albis, curvatis ;
lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, undulata, glabra, in costa et venis pubescens, pilis
parvis, adpressis; flores sessiles, spicam vel thyrsum contractum
formantes; bracteae lanceolatae vel lineares, saepe grandes; brac-
teolae triangulari-subulatae, minute pubescentes; calycis segmenta
Jineari-subulata; corolla alba vel punicea vel rubra vel violacea, hypo-
crateriformis, tubo infra puberulento, lobis emarginatis, glabris;
stamina inclusa; capsulae clavatae, glabrae, semina orbiculata, plana,
brunneo-purpurea; retinacula curvata, subulata.

Herb, sometimes suffrutescent at base; stems up to 1 meter high,
subquadrangular, glabrous or thinly pubescent with minute white
curved hairs, these sometimes in lines; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate,
up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, acute and decur-
rent on petiole at base, undulate, bright green, glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs), these pubescent with small
appressed hairs, the cystoliths numerous, conspicuous under a lens;
petioles up to 4 em. long, glabrous or minutely pubescent; flowers
borne in small, opposite, sessile clusters, forming a terminal naked
spike or contracted thyrse, the lowermost clusters in the axils of the
upper leaves, the uppermost clusters confluent; rachis pubescent, the
hairs minute, curved; bracts linear, 1 to 2 em. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide,
or occasionally larger and more leaflike; bractlets triangular-subulate,
1 to 5 mm. long, minutely pubescent; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long, the seg-
ments linear-subulate, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base,
dark colored in dried specimens, bearing a few minute hairs, the
cystoliths prominent under a lens; corolla 3 to 3.5 em. long, white, blue,
violet, red, or pink with dark stripes, glabrous above, the lower half
of the tube slender, pilosulous, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper
half campanulate, slightly oblique, 8 to 9 mm. at mouth, the limb
about 1.5 em. broad, the lobes ovate, about 10 mm. long and 7 mm.
wide, emarginate, somewhat irregular; stamens included; capsules
12 mm. long, glabrous, the solid stipitate portion about 8 mm. long,
the seed-bearing portion flattened, oval, about 3 mm. broad, 4-seeded ;
retinacula 1.5 mm. long; seed suborbicular, flat, reddish brown, 3.25
mm. broad, the flat surfaces glabrous, the margins minutely muci-
laginous-tomentose when moistened.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1043209, collected in
quebrada in forest, Tierra Alba on the Rfo Sind, Department of
Bolivar, Colombia, 70 to 150 meters altitude, by Francis W. Pennell

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 101

(No. 4658). Isotypes are in the Gray Herbarium and the herbarium
of the New York Botanical Garden. The species is also represented
by the following collections:

Antioquia: Banks of the Rfo Cauca at Puerto Valdivia, 240 to 260 meters
altitude, Metcalf € Cuatrecasas 30075 (Mo, US).

Ficure 33.—Ruellia pennellii Leonard (a, b, ¢, Pennell 4658; ¢, d, f, g, Killip U Garcia
33559: h, Haught 1561): a, Tip of plant; b, cross section of stem; ¢, leaflike bract subtend-
ing flower cluster; d, same; ¢, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths;
f, calyx; g, corolla; h, capsule. (a, c, d, Half natural size; b, ¢, g, A, natural size; f, twice

natural size.)

CAtpas: Moist soil at Manizales, near the Rio Chinchina, 1,300 to 1,400 meters

altitude, Pennell 10184 (GH, NY).
Cauca: Primeval forest at El Tambo, 700 meters altitude, von Sneidern 971

(S) ; 1012 (8).
CxHoco: Dense forest along the Quebrada Jellita, Bahia Solano, 50 to 100 meters,

Killip & Garcia 33559 (US).
Ex Vatie: Forest along the Rfo Sabaletas, Km. 29 of highway from Buena-

ventura to Cali, vicinity of Sabaletas, 25 meters altitude, Killip & Cuatrecasas
38857 (US).

102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

SANTANDER: Magdalena Valley, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja between
Sogamoso and Carare Rivers, 100 to 500 meters, Haught 2099 (US). Magdalena
Valley, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, between the Sogamosa and Colorado
Rivers, 100 to 500 meters, Haught 1498 (US) ; 1561 (US); 1580 (US).

Ruellia pennellit is, apparently, distinct from all other Colombian
species hitherto described, being related to the following new species,
f. colombiana. The variation in the color of the corolla is indeed
remarkable.

23. Ruellia colombiana Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 34

Herbae decumbentae, caulibus infra suffrutescentibus, quadrangu-
laribus, angulis rotundatis, puberulis, pilis retrorso-curvatis; lamina
foliorum ovata, apice abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata, crenata,
supra glabra, subtus in costa et venis puberula, pilis adpressis; flores
sessiles, axillares; bracteae et bracteolae subulatae; calycis segmenta
lanceolato-subulata, puberula, ciliata; corolla caeruleo-purpurea, hy-
pocrateriformis, tubo puberulo, lobis suborbicularibus, glabris, leviter
emarginatis ; stamina inclusa; capsulae clavatae, puberulae vel glabra-
tae; semina brunnea, plana; retinacula subulata, recta, apice truncata,
lacerata.

Herbs up to 1 meter high, suffrutescent at base, ascending, rooting
at the lower nodes; stems subquadrangular, grooved and rounded on
the angles, puberulous, the hairs 175, long, retrorsely curved; leat
blades ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6 em. wide, abruptly acuminate at tip,
rounded or obtuse at base, thin, the margins crenate, the upper sur-
face dull green, glabrous, the lower surface grayish green, rather
densely puberulous, the hairs up to 200p long, gray, appressed, con-
fined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) these fairly con-
spicuous both above and beneath; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, appressed-
puberulous; flowers clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, several
in each fascicle; bracts subtending the flowers narrowly lanceolate,
about 8 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, thick and subcarinate, sparingly
puberulous, the hairs appressed, the bractlets similar but much small-
er; calyx about 7 mm. long, the segments lance-subulate, 0.75 mm.
wide, the tips blunt or rounded, sparingly puberulous and ciliate, the
hairs appressed, about 100y long; corolla bluish purple (azul lila),
the upper portion glabrous, the lower inconspicuously puberulous, the
hairs spreading, 75 long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence abruptly enlarged to 8 mm. at
throat, the limb 15 mm. broad, the enlarged portion of the tube slightly
oblique, the lobes suborbicular, about 6 mm. long and 7 mm. wide,
shallowly emarginate, the margins crenate; stamens attached to base
of the expanded portion of the corolla tube, the longer of each pair
about 5 mm. long, the shorter 3 mm. long, the filaments very slender,
glabrous, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; pistil 17 mm. long,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 103

the ovary and style minutely hirsute, the hairs ascending, about 50
long, the stigma lobe oblong, thin, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; cap-
sule clavate, 10 to 12 mm. long, minutely puberulous or glabrate, the
solid stipitate base about 5 mm. long; seed flat, suborbicular, brown,
the margins gelatinous-puberulous when moistened; retinacula erect,
straight, subulate, truncate, 1.5 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852483, collected along
the Rio Calima at La Trojita, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 5
to 50 meters altitude, February 19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 16424). The following also represent the species:

Antrioqu1A: In dense damp woods between Villa Arteaga and Rfo Mutaté,
Johnston & Barkley 18C448 (Med).

Borivar: River-flat of the Rio Sint at Boca Tai, 50 to 80 meters altitude,
Pennell 4182 (NY). Moist forest, Las Dantas to Puerto Canoa, on the Rio Es-
meralda, 400 to 800 meters, Pennell 4526 (NY).

Ruellia colombiana is an indefinite species, differing from the poly-
morphic 2. pennellii only in its rounded leaf bases and the general
lack of the long narrow leaflike bracts of the inflorescence.

Ficure 34.—Ruellia colombiana Leonard (Cuatrecasas 16424): a, Lower node, showing
leaves and axillary flowers; }, cross section of stem; ¢, portion of leaf blade (upper surface)
showing cystoliths; d, upper node; ¢, calyx, f, bract; g, a pair of stamens. (a, d, Half
natural size; b, c, natural size; d-g, twice natural size.)

24, Ruellia aquatica Leonard, sp, nov. FIcurE 35

Herbae, caulibus erectis vel adscendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
infra glabris, sursum pilosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice
obtusa vel rotundata, basi angustata, glabra; petioli glabri vel parce
pilosi, spica terminalis; bracteae imbricatae, lanceolatae, apice ob-
tusae, basi angustatae, pilosae, ciliatae ; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
ciliata; corolla purpurea, hypocrateriformis, minute pubescens, lobis
ovatis; capsulae calvatae, glabrae; semina rubro-brunnea, plana,

104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

suborbicularia, glabra, vel madefactis subtiliter mucoso-pubescentia ;
retinacula subulata, curvata, apice truncata, lacerata.

Herbs; stems erect or ascending, 20 to 30 em. high, subquadrangu-
lar, glabrous below, pilose above, the hairs 1.5 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, 2 to 8 em. long, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded
at apex, sometimes bluntly acuminate, narrowed at base, glabrous,
the cystoliths numerous; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or spar-
ingly pilose; flowers borne in terminal bracted spikes up to 3 cm. long;
bracts imbricate, lanceolate, about 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, ob-
tuse at apex, pilose and strongly ciliate; bractlets linear, 13 mm. long,

Figure 35.—Ruellia aquatica Leonard (Haught 1762): a, Tip of branch; }, cross section of
stem; ¢, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths; d, bract; ¢, bractlet;
f, calyx and capsule. (a, Half natural size; b-f, natural size.)

1.5 mm. wide, pilose; calyx 8 mm. long, the tube glabrous, the seg-
ments lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near base, ciliate; corolla
about 2.5 cm. long, purple, minutely pubescent, the tube hypocra-
teriform, the lower half slender, the upper half campanulate, about
6 mm. broad at throat, the limb 10 to 12 mm. broad, the lobes ovate;
capsules 8 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, clavate, glabrous, the solid
basal portion about 1 mm. long, 6-seeded; seeds flat, reddish brown,
suborbicular, 2 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad, glabrous when dry, very
finely mucilaginous-pilose when moistened; retinacula 1.5 mm. long,
subulate, curved, truncate and lacerate at tip.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected in frequently sub-
merged areas in the San Juan Valley (Camp VI), Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 700 meters altitude, June 9, 1935, by
Oscar Haught (No. 1762).

Haught’s No. 1496a, collected at Camp Mesa, vicinity of Barranca
Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, between the Sogamoso and Colorado

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 105

Rivers, Santander, 100 to 500 meters altitude, also represents the
species.

Ruellia aquatica is unlike any other Colombian uelia hitherto
described. The name aquatica alludes to the habitat of the species.

25. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 36

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis rotundatis, dense
pilosis vel subtomentosis, pilis brunneis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
elliptica, apice subacuta (7), basi angustata, integra vel undulata

? . ? ’ tes) ?
pilosa; petioli tomentosi; spica terminalis; bracteae magnae, imbri-
catae, infimae lanceolato-ovatae, supremae obtusae; bracteolae lineari-
lanceolatae, dense pilosae; pedicelli glabri; calycis segmenta carinata,
glabra vel apice minute pilosa; corolla purpurea (4), hypocrateri-
formis, minute pubescens, lobis ovatis; stamina inclusa; ovarium et

} Pp ? ] ’
stylus apice pilosi.

Ficure 36.—Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard (Uribe s. n.): a, Leaf blade; 6, inflorescence;
c, cross section of stem; d, ¢, bractlets; f, hair from bractlet; g, calyx. (a, b, Half natural
size; c, d, ¢, g, natural size; f, about eight times natural size.)

Suffrutescent herbs; stems obtusely quadrangular, densely pilose
or subtomentose with brownish hairs up to 4 mm. long; leaf blades
ovate or elliptic, 16 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, acute (?) at apex,
narrowed at base, entire or undulate, both surfaces pilose, the hairs

106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1 to 2 mm. long, confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (10 to
12 pairs) ; petioles 15 mm. long or more, loosely tomentose; flowers
borne in a dense terminal spike 12 cm. long and about 3 em. broad,
each flower cluster subtended by a large leaflike bract, the lowermost
of these ovate-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 3 em. wide, thence gradually re-
duced toward tip, the uppermost ovate, about 14 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, all obtuse and closely imbricate; primary bractlets linear-lanceo-
late, about 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, densely pilose with yellowish
hairs up to 4 mm. long; secondary bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to
2 cm. long, 38 to 5 mm. wide, densely pilose; pedicels 1.5 cm. long,
glabrous; calyx 4.5 mm. long, thin, glabrous or minutely pilosulous at
tip of segments, these subulate, 3 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide at base,
keeled ; corolla hypocrateriform, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent,
mauve (7), the lower half slender, cylindric, about 1.5 mm. in diameter,
the upper portion campanulate, 12 mm. broad at mouth, the limb
about 2 em. in diameter, the lobes ovate, about 8 mm. long and 7 mm.
wide, rounded; stamens included, ovary and lower portion of the
style (2 cm. long) pilosulous.

Type in the Herbarium of the Instituto de la Salle, Bogota, Co-
lombia, collected in the Comisaria of Caqueté, Colombia, December
1930, by C. Uribe. Type fragment in the U. S. National Herbarium,
No. 1692608.

fuellia lasiostachya is probably related to R. uribei, but it is easily
distinguished by its dense terminal spike and large imbricated bracts.
The type material is very fragmentary, and thus the dimensions given
for the leaf blades may prove too small when more ample material is
examined. The name dasiostachya is derived from \dows, shaggy, and
oraxus, Spike.

26, Ruellia putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 37

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, fusco-pilosis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtusa, basi angustata, tenuia, integra vel
undulata, supra pilosa, subtus plus minusve adpresso-pilosa ; petioli pi-
losi; flores axillares; bracteae ellipticae, apice subobtusae, basi acutae;
bracteoli lineares, pilosae; calycis tubus glaber, segmentis angusto-tri-
angularis, glabris vel apice minute pilosulis; corolla alba, lilacino-vir-
gata, minute pubescens, hypocrateriformis, lobis ovatis, crenatis, rotun-
datis; stamina inclusa; ovarium et s.ylus pilosuli; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae vel apice parce pilosulae ; semina plana, orbiculata, main?’ us
madefactis mucoso-tomentosis; retinacula apice fimbriata.

Herb; stems subquadrangular, pilose, the hairs brownish, up to 5
mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 4 to 12 em. long, 1.5 to 6 em.
wide, obtusish at apex, acute at base, rather thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces pilose, the hairs up to 2.5 mm. long, those of the upper
surface scattered, ascending, those of the lower surface confined to
costa and lateral veins and more or less appressed; the cystoliths

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 107

minute but easily seen under a lens; petioles up to 8 mm. long, pilose;
flowers borne in axillary bracted clusters 1.5 to 2 cm. long; bracts ellip-
tic, 12 to 15 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, obtusish at apex, acute at base,
long-pilose; bractlets linear, up to 7 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide near
base, 1-nerved, pilose; calyx 4.5 mm. long, glabrous or bearing several

Ficure 37.—Ruellia putumayensis Leonard (Klug 1696): a, Node and leaf; b, cross section
of stem; c, tip of plant showing inflorescence; d, bract and bractlets; ¢, capsule and calyx;
f, corolla. (a, c, f, Half natural size; 6, d, ¢, natural size.)

minute hairs near tip of segments, these narrowly triangular, about
3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base; corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long, white,
striped with lilac, minutely pubescent, hypocrateriform, the lower
half slender, tubular, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper half cam-
panulate, about 1 cm. broad at mouth, the limb 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, the
lobes ovate, crenate, rounded; stamens included; ovary and style pilo-
sulous; capsule clavate, about 1 cm. long, and 5 mm. broad, the lower
half slender and solid, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous toward tip,
4-seeded; seeds flat, suborbicular, reddish brown, about 3 mm. in
diameter, the flat surfaces glabrous, the edges puberulous, mucilagi-
nous-tomentose when moistened; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, fimbriate at
apex.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium No. 1517990, collected in for-
est'At Uifibria, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, 325 meters altitude,
November 1930, by G. Klug (No. 1696).

Ruellia putumayensis resembles no other Ruellia hitherto described.
It can be recognized by its white lilac-striped corollas and the dense
pilosity of the stems and the upper surface of the leaf blades.

89268T—51- —_8

108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

27. Ruellia uribei Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 38

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis obtusis, dense fusco-
puosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, tenuia, integra vel undulata, parce
pilosa, subtus pilis praecipue in costa et venis; petioli pilosi; flores
sessiles, axillares; bracteae lineares, dense pilosae; calycis segmenta
subulata, puberula; corolla pilosa hypocrateriformis, lobis ovalibus,
rotundatis; stamina inclusa; stylus dense puberulus; ovarium tomen-
tosum.

Ficure 38.—Ruellia uribet Leonard (Uribe s. n., December 1930): a, Tip of branch; b, cross
section of stem; c, leaf blade; d, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing cystoliths;
¢, bract; f, bractlet; g, calyx, style, and stigma; h, corolla. (a, c, h, Half natural size;
b, d, e, f, natural size; g, 1!4 times natural size.)

Herb; stems obtusely quadrangular, densely pilose with brownish
hairs 1.5 to 2 mm. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 24 cm. long and
6.5 cm. wide, gradually narrowed from middle to a slender blunt
pointed tip, acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or
undulate, both surfaces rather sparingly pilose with hairs about 1 mm.
long, those of the lower surface confined chiefly to costa and lateral
veins (8 or 9 pairs), the upper surface bearing numerous cystoliths,
these conspicuous under the lens; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long, pilose; flow-
ers several, sessile or subsessile, clustered in the axils of the upper

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 109

leaves; bracts narrowly linear, 1.5 to 3 cm. long 0.5 to 1 mm. wide,
densely pilose with brownish hairs up to 2.5 mm. long; bractlets similar
but smaller; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments unequal, subulate, 2.5 to 3.5
mm. long, pilosulous with white hairs 0.5 mm. long or a few reaching
1 mm. in length; corolla erect, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, minutely pubescent,
the tube narrowly hypocrateriform, about 1 cm. in diameter at mouth,
the limb about 2 cm. broad, the lobes oval, 12 mm. long and 10 mm.
wide, rounded, the stamens included; style densely pilosulous; ovary
tomentose.

Type in the Herbarium of the Instituto de la Salle, Bogota, Colom-
bia, collected in the Comisaria of Caqueta, December 1930, by C. Uribe.
Isotype in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1692607.

Among the Colombian Ruelliae, 2. wridez is a well-marked species.
It can be easily recognized by its long, narrow, pilose leaves, narrowly
linear densely pilose bracts, and the relatively small irregular calyx.
The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.

SPECIES NOT POSTIVELY KNOWN FROM COLOMBIA

RUELLIA SPRUCEI Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 653. 1897.

Type collected at Panuré on the Rio Vaupés, October 1852 to Janu-
ary 1853, by Spruce, No. 2605.

Panuré is in Amazonian Brazil, about 65 km. from the Colombian
border, and not in Colombia as given by Lindau.

Tribe 5. BARLERIEAE Nees

Barlerieae Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 75. 18382.

Herbs or shrubs; stems usually subquadrangular; leaf blades ovate
to lanceolate ; flowers sessile, axillary or in terminal spikes, the bracts
often large, conspicuous and imbricate; calyx irregular, often
4-parted; corolla infundibular, the narrow portion short, the ex-
panded portion more or less elongated; stamens 4, didynamous;
anther lobes parallel; capsules 4-seeded, seed-bearing to base.

Species of two of the nine genera comprising the tribe Barlierieae

occur in Colombia.
KEY TO THE GENERA

Calyx segments 4; corollas large and conspicuous, subregular______ 13. Barleria
Calyx segments 5; corollas small, 2-lipped, 5 mm. long cr less__ 14. Teliostachya

13. BARLERIA L.

Barleria L. Sp. Pl. 636. 17538; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 283. 1754. Named for Jaques
Barrelier, a French botanist (1684 to 1673). More than 100 species have
been described. These occur in tropical regions, mostly in the Old World.
Type species: Barleria prionitis L. (India).

Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, entire; flowers axillary or borne
in terminal bracted spikes; calyx deeply 4-parted, 2 of the segments

110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

larger than the others; corolla usually yellow or blue, the tube about
as long as the spreading limb or longer, the limb with 5 rounded lobes;
stamens 4, didynamous, borne on the base of the corolla tube; style
elongated; stigma obtuse, ovules 2 in each cavity; capsules ovoid to
oblong; seeds flattened, ovate to suborbicular.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Flowers borne in a terminal spike, yellow, turning purple on drying_-1. B. micans
Flowers axillary, blue_________.___-__-___--__--_______________- 2. B. cristata
1. Barleria micans Nees

Barleria micans Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Micans: sparkling,
glittering, in allusion to the attractively bracted inflorescence. Type local-
ity: Taboga Island, Bay of Panama, Panama.

Barleria discolor Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844. Discolor: varie-
gated, of various colors, in allusion to the leaf blades green above and
silvery beneath. Type locality: Nicoya, Costa Rica.

Herbs, sometimes subligneous at base, 1 to 1.5 meters high; stems
glabrous or strigose, terete; leaf blades ovate to narrowly lanceolate,
10 to 25 cm. long, usually about 4 to 5 em. wide, long-acuminate at
apex, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, sparingly strigose or
hirtellous, the leaves subtending the spike subsessile; petioles 1 to 2 cm.
long; flowers borne in a large dense terminal spike, the bracts ovate-
lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide, acute or
obtuse, tipped by a small spine, chartaceous, veiny, more or less
strigose, the margins with spinelike teeth up to 8 mm. long, some-
times drying bluish; bractlets narrowly linear, 1.5 to 2 cm. long;
calyx segments very unequal, the anterior segment oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, 1 to 1.4 cm. wide, bidentate at apex, the posterior segments
slightly longer and narrower, acuminate at apex, the lateral segments
narrowly lanceolate, about half as long as the others; corolla 5 to
5.5 cm. long, yellow, turning bluish purple when dry, the tube slender,
the lobes oblanceolate, subequal, spreading; capsules cylindric, slender-
pointed at apex, glabrous, 4-seeded.

Rocky banks and waste places in general; usually in more or less
shaded situations. Colombia northwards to southern Mexico.

ATLANTICO: Hacienda Riodulce, Los Pendales, Dugand & Jaramillo 4154 (US).
Piojé6, Bro. Hlias 735 (US). Sahagun, Pennell 4104 (GH, NY). Tubard, Dugand
€ Jaramillo 4061 (US).

SANTANDER: Between Bucaramanga and El Jaboncillo, Rio Suratfé Valley,
Killip éd Smith 16355 (NY, US).

2. Barleria cristata L. Ficure 39

Barleria cristata L. Sp. Pl. 636. 1753. Cristata: cristate or crested, in

allusion to the pectinate outer calyx segments. Type locality: India. An
ample description is given by Linnaeus.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent at base, up to 1 meter high, the stems
subterete, both strigose and puberulous, the minute hairs white and

LEONARD: THE) ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 111

curved, the appressed ones yellowish; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, up
to 10 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide, acute at apex, narrowed at base, entire,
strigose or both strigose and puberulent, the hairs often confined to
costa and lateral veins; petioles about 1 cm. long; flowers solitary or
paired, subsessile, borne in the axils of the leaves, or occasionally
crowded in a headlike cluster at the ends of the branchlets; bracts
linear-lanceolate, about 12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, strigose; outer
segments of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2. cm. long, veiny, spine-
tipped, hirtellous, pectinate-toothed, the inner segments lanceolate,
acuminate, 8 or 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, whitish, puberulous; corolla

= =, 1%
=< SoSTeRUE era
=

Sea
Stes

Ficure 39.—Barleria cristata L. (Bro. Elias 980): a, Tip of stem; ), cross section of stem;
c, bract; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, enlarged portion of calyx segment to show teeth
and glandular hairs; f, one of the anterior calyx segments; g, ovary and style. (a, Half
natural size; b, ¢, g, twice natural size; ¢, d, f, natural size.)

up to 6 em. long, violet with paler spots at throat, finely pubescent,
the tube hypocrateriform, straight, gradually enlarged from about 3
mm. in diameter at middle to 12 mm. at throat, the limb about 3 cm.
broad, the lobes nearly equal, rounded, the 2 upper ones erect; 2 of
the stamens perfect, reaching to mouth of tube, and 2 imperfect and
much shorter; styles exserted; capsules subcylindric, about 12 mm.
long and 4 mm. broad, glabrous, 4-seeded.

VERNACULAR NAME: Lila (Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2535).

Gardens. Found occasionally as an escape throughout tropical
America.

AriAntico: Barranquilla, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2535 (US); Bro. Elias
502 (US) ; 753 (US) ; 980 (US).

14. TELIOSTACHYA Nees

Teliostachya Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 71. 1847. Tédetos, perfect, and ardxos,
spike in allusion to the well-defined spikes of the species. Nees separates
Teliostachya from Lepidagathis Willd. and describes three species, T. cata-
ractae, T. diffusa, and T. alopecuroidea, the last based on Ruellia alope-

112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

curoidea Vahl. Bremekamp”™ justifies Nees’ establishment of the genus
Teliostachya as distinct from Lepidagathis by pointing out the following con-
trasting characters: In Teliostachya the spike is radically symmetric and
definitely terminal, the anticous calyx lobes entirely free, the anther lobes
are inserted at different heights, and the pollen grains are entirely free from
reticulations. Lepidagathis, on the other hand, is characterized by a dorsal-
ventral, often axillary inflorescence, the anticous calyx lobes are at least
partly united, the anther lobes are at the same height, and the pollen grains
are finely reticulate. Limited to tropical America and west Africa. Ten
or more species are found in America. Type species: 7. cataractae Nees,
Type locality: Brazil.

Lepidagathis Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 400. 1801. Aem(s, scale or bract, dya@is, a round
head, in reference to the bracted inflorescence, All the known species of this
genus are natives of the Old World. Type species: L. cristata Willd. India.

Herbs; leaves entire, bearing cylindrical cystoliths; flowers borne
in cylindrical or ovoid spikes composed of verticillasters, the spikes
solitary or several, borne at the tips of the branches, the verticillasters
(subtended by 3-nerved bracts or the lowermost by a pair of ordinary
leaves) consisting of 3 to 7 flowers, the lateral flowers subtended by
1- to 38-nerved bracts ; bractlets 1-nerved ; calyx divided nearly to base,
the upper lobe the largest, 3-nerved, the lateral lobes 1-nerved, the
lower lobes slightly longer than the lateral ones, 1- or 2-nerved;
corolla about as long as the calyx, the tube cylindric, the throat
slightly enlarged, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip obtuse, emarginate,
or subentire, the lower lip 3-parted, the lobes subequal, obtuse;
stamens 4, didynamous, barely exserted; anthers 2-lobed, the lobes
attached at unequal heights, the lower or sometimes both lobes apicu-
late at base; ovules 2 in each cavity; style 2-lobed, the lobes semi-
globose; capsules oblong, sexangular, acute, each valve bearing 2
seeds; retinacula short; seeds lenticular, yellow, covered with mucous
hairs.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Leaf blades ovate to elliptic; upper calyx segment 2 mm. wide.
1. T. alopecuroidea
Leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly elliptic; upper calyx segment 1.25 mm. wide.
Leaf blades, thin sparingly pilosulous to glabrous; plants diffuse,

often 380 em. high__ anne _e --- --.- 2. T. lanceolata
Leaf blades firm, rather densely hirtellous; plants rigid, rarely over
23 em. high---_--_._--_-_-_- eee 2a. T. lanceolata var. crispa

1. Teliostachya alopecuroidea (Vahl) Nees

Ruellia alopecuroidea Vahl, Kclog. Amer, 2:49. 1798. Alopecurus and eiSos,
the form of i. e., resembling the genus Alopecurus L. Type collected in Mont-
serrat, West Indies, by Ryan. Photograph of type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 22196.

Teliostachya alopecuroidea Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 72. 1847. Based on
Ruellia alopecuroidea Vahl.

Lepidagathis alopecuroides R. Br. ex Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 453. 1864. A
transfer based on Ruellia alopecuroidea Vahl.

* Ree. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 35: 149. 1938.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 113

Herbs up to 50 cm. high, usually much branched, erect, decumbent
or ascending, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, short-pilose; leaf
blades thin, ovate to elliptic, 3 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acute or
obtuse at apex, narrowed at base, repand or entire; spikes usually
terminal, 2 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, many-flowered ;
bracts lanceolate to oblong, about 6 mm. long, venose, ciliate; calyx
segments unequal, 4 to 6 mm. long, the anterior pair lanceolate, con-
nate at the base, the lateral pair linear, the posterior segment obovate;
corolla white or violet, about as long as the calyx; stamens 4, free at
base, the anther sacs parallel, slightly unequal, blunt at base; capsules
sessile, glabrous, 4-seeded, about 4 mm. long.

Wet shaded banks in woods, thickets, and fields. Brazil, British
Guiana, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru, Trinidad, Venezuela. Ex-
tending northward into Central America and the West Indies.

MAGDALENA: Poponte, Magdalena Valley, Cyril Allen 912 (Mo).
Meta: Villavicencio, Hermann 11156 (US).

Ficure 40.—Teliostachya lanceolata Nees (a-g, Cuatrecasas 18716; h-j, Cuatrecasas 7586):
a, Tip of stem; }, cross section of stem; c, section of stem to show groove; d, stem leaf;
¢, bracts; f, posterior calyx segment; g, anterior and lateral calyx segments; h, corolla;
i, capsule; j, valve of capsule to show retinacula. (a, d, Half natural size; b, three times
natural size; c, e-j, twice natural size.)

2. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees Figure 40

Teliostachya lanceolata Nees in Mart. Fl. Brass. 9: 74. 1847. Several cotypes

from Brazil and one from Peru are cited.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems ascending, rooting at the
lower nodes, subquadrangular (the angles narrowly and obscurely
winged), pubescent with appressed or ascending hairs about 0.5 mm.
long (the lower portions sparingly pubescent or glabrate) ; leaf blades
lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, up to 6 em. long and 2.2 cm. wide,
obtuse or acute (the tip blunt), narrowed at base, glabrous or the

114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs, obscure) sparingly hirtellous,
the hairs appressed ; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, winged; spikes termi-
nating the branches, narrowly conic, up to 4.5 em. long, about 1 cm.
in diameter at base and 5 mm. near tip; cymes 3- to 5-flowered; bracts
subulate (or the lowermost leaflike), up to 6 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, 3-nerved (the lateral pair faint), ciliate toward apex with small
curved hairs; bractlets setiform, about 5 mm. long, sparingly hirtel-
lous; calyx prominently nerved, the margins and nerves beset with
scattered straight spreading hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the posterior
segment lanceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, gradually nar-
rowed and cuspidate, 5-nerved with the outer pair of nerves marginal,
the anterior segments subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved
with the outer pair of nerves faint and submarginal, the lateral seg-
ment subulate, 3.5 mm. long, about 0.25 mm. wide, 1-nerved; corolla
white or purplish, 4 mm. long, glabrous without or the lobes sparingly
ciliate, pubescent within below insertion of the stamens, filaments
glabrous, those of the longer pair 2 mm. long, those of the shorter pair
1.5 mm. long; style 3.5 mm. long, bearing a few hairs toward base;
ovary pubescent at tip; capsule 3.5 mm. long, subhexagonal, hirtellous
toward tip, the lower half glabrous; seeds flat, yellowish brown, about
1 mm. in diameter.

Wooded river banks usually in damp situations. Brazil, Colombia,
Peru.

CHocé: Bank of the Rfo San Juan, near Andagoya, Killip 35386 (US).

Et VALLE: Between Puente Sofia and Yanaconas, Cuatrecasas 18716 (US).

PutuMAyo: Along the Rio San Miguel between the tributaries Rio Bermeja

and Rio Conejo, Cuatrecasas 11044 (US).
Vaupés: Along the Rio Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7586 (US).

2a, Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees

Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees in F). Mart. Bras. 9: 74, 1847.
Type locality: “Maynas [Yurimaguas, Peru] et ad fluvium Amazonum.”
Type material in the Delessert Herbarium collected by Poeppig, No. 2240.
A photograph of this sheet (No. 7823) is in the U. S. National Herbarium.

The variety differs from the typical form in that the mature plants

are shorter (20 to 28 cm. high) and more rigid, the stems and leaf
blades are rather densely hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, ap-
pressed or ascending, and the margins of the leaf blades recurved.

The Colombian specimens cited do not show the strongly recurved

leaves mentioned in the type description and shown in the photograph
of Poeppig’s specimen. This character may have been accentuated by
a possible wilting or shriveling of the type material when the specimen
was pressed.

On river banks. Colombia and Peru.

Catpas: Near La Dorada, Haught 2138 (US).
META: Villavicencio, Cuatrecasas 1985 (US).

INDEX

[Synonyms in ztalics.

Page
Acanthaceae__---------------- 4
Acanthoideae__-------------- 2,4, 44
Acanthus___------------------ 1, 3,
molligs__..--.-------------
spinosus_-_------ ---------- 3
Afromendoncia_-_-------------- 11
Amasonia integerrima...------- 46
Anamti___._------------------ 8
Ancylogyne__----------------- 51
capitata__---------------- 51
macrocnemts__------------ 51
munila_------------------ 51
peruviana___..------------ 51
Aphelandra_-_---------------- 1, 2,3
aurantiaca__..------------ 3
Aphragmia_-_-_---------------- 66
haenkei_....-------------- 66, 77
Aro-blanco_-__---------------- 48
Arrhostorylum__...------------ 66
fulgidum var. angustissimum. 68
hartwegianum_.----------- 90
larum__.------------------ 66
Barleria___---------------- 2, 44, 109
anomala__---------------- 46
cristata... .--------- 110, 111
discolor_....---- --------- 110
micans_-_----------------- 110
prionitis____.------------- 109
Barlerieae__----------------- 44, 109
Beloperone guttata.----------- 3
Bignonia bibracteata_.--------- 46
Bignoniaceae _ - - --- _ oe ----- 46
Blechum_ --_---------------- 2, 45, 60
angustius__--------------- 3, 63
brownei-- ---------------- 61
brownei f. puberulum_-__ 60, 61, 63
costaricense___._---------- 63
haughtii____---.------- 60, 62, 63
Bravaisia____------ .---------- 2, 45
floribunda__-------------- 45, 46
integerrima_-_-_---.-------- 46
campanula morada_ ----------- 94
Cilantro de monte_----.------- 8
Contortae____---------------- 44
Cryphiacanthus__..------------ 66
macrophyllus__------------ 79
barbadensis___------------ 66, 78
Culantro_..._---------------- 76
Dicliptera__------------------ 1, 60
Dipteracanthus__.------------- 66
e angustifolius__......----- 95, 96
ciliatus__.___-------------- 66
y erectus_____------------ 95
geminiflorus___..-..------ 95
geminiflorus var. angustifoli-
ugs____._--------------- 5, 96
haenket__..--.------------ 77
B hirsutior..__._..---------- 95
paniculatus_...---.-------- 76

Page numbers of principal entries in boldface]

Dipteracanthus—Continued Page
a procumbens_--.--------- 95
6 subacaulis_.._.--------- 95
turbacensis_......--------- 76
Ebermaiera....--------------- 5
humilis__...------------- 5
Elytraria____.---------------- 2,5, 7
apargiifolia._...-.-------- 8
frondosa__._-------------- 7
imbricata....------------ 7,9
scorpioides___------------- 7
squamosa._.-------------- 8
tridentata_.__...-....------- 7
virgata__.....------------ 7
Engelia__.-.----------------- 12
tovarensis__._...------------ 12
villosa__._-.__.------------ 12, 21
Enredadera blanca. ----------- 42
Erythracanthus_--------------- 5
racemosus__.------------- 5
Escobilla de rat6n____--------- 77
Gilletiella......._...---------- 11
Hygrophila______.---------- 2, 45, 58
angustifolia__._.....------- 58
conferta__-.-__----------- 58
guianensis____..---------- 58, 59
rivularis._....___---------- 60
Hygrophileae-_--_------------- 44, 57
Imbricatae______------------- 44
Jacobinia magnifica__...------- 3
Jasmin......_._.___----------- 95
Justicia brunelloides.___-------- 10
Imbricata_______--------- 7
Lepidagathis___--.-------- 7, 111, 112
alopecuroides_------------ 112
cristata__...._.--.--------- 112
Lila________-.-_-_----------- 111
Mendoncia.-__--.------ 1, 2, 4, 11, 12
albida__._._.____--------- 2, 38
aspera__._---------------- 12, 14
coccinea_____--_------- 12, 13, 29
coccinea, var, elliptica___--- 13, 30
coccinea var. sparatteria_._ 13, 30
cordata___..-.-------- 13, 16, 17
cuatrecasasii_______---- 14, 37, 38
fulva__...----------------
gilva__________-------- 14, 38, 34
glabrescens___.----- 13, 23, 24, 26
glomerata______------- 13, 27, 38
gracilis__..__.__.-.------ 13, 32, 36
hirsuta______._._--------- 13, 21
lindavii_____.._____------- 12, 15
litoralis____.._._.--------- 13, 31
microchiamys_._..----- 14, 39, 40
mirabilis. _______------ 13, 18, 19
mutisii_.__.._..----..-- 14, 36, 38
odorata__.._..--------- 14, 34, 35
pedunculata_-.----------- 13, 16
pennellii_-._....-------- 13, 25, 26
pilosa__.._...------------ 12,14

116 INDEX
Mendoncia—Continued Page | Ruellia—Continued Page
puberula._-...---_----- -_ _ 13, 22 lasiostachya________- 68, 105, 106
rosea___.------------- 13, 28, 29 longifilamentosa___________ 67, 88
selloviana_____..-..-_----- 2 lorentziana_____-_.-.-_-____ 68, 94
speciosa______.-.- 22 __ 13, 18, 19 macrophylla_______- 67, 73, 79, 80
splitgerberiana____.-.---.-- 22 macrophylla var. lutea_____ 80
spraguei____._.___________ 13, 20 macrophylla var. puberula__ 67, 80
Mendoncia sprucei___________- 13, 23 macrophylla 8 pubescens_-_- 80
Mendoncia velloziana__________ 29 malacosperma__________ 67, 68, 73
Mendoncia velloziana var. sparat- nudiflora___-_._.-._..-__- 78
teria__-..--------------_--- 30 obtusa____.__-- 2 ee 68, 94, 96
villosa____-.-2 ~~ eee ee 13, 21 paniculata_____.___-_-_____ 67, 76
Mendoncioideae____.________- 2, 4, 10 pennellii__.._____ 68, 100, 101, 103
Mendozia...__._._---_---___.- 12 potamophila___________ 67, 71, 2
asperad__.---------------- 12, 14 purdieana____.__________-
hirsuta......2-2----_----- 21 putumayensis________ 68, 106, 107
pilosa__._---_-------- ee 14 ruiziana_......-------___-
puberula_......-------____- 22 rusbyi__.--_-_________- 67, 86, 87
puberula B micropus___-..- 22 sprucei_--_----_-------__- 109
pubescens__.-.....----_-__ 22 stuebelii_.....-_-__--_---____ 90
racemosa___._-.---------- 12 tetrastichantha___.__.__.__- 91
selloviana__..__-__-_______ 22 tolimensis_.._-.________ 67, 70, 71
velloziana_.....-..---___-_ 29 tuberosa______--__-_-_. 67, 78, 94
velloziana var. sparatteria_ __ 30 tubiflora___.-______ 68, 89, 90, 91
Mentha pulegium_____________ 60 tubiflora var. hirsuta___.___ 67, 93
Meyenia______-_--------___-- 40 tubiflora var. parviflora. ___ 68, 93
Monochlamys__._______--____- 11 tubiflora var. parviflora f.
Nacedero__.._____---___-____- 48 alba_.-..-.-----_--____e 68, 93
Nelsonia__._.______________- 2, 5, 10 tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
albicans___..._.-----_-__- 1 tha__.--.22- ee 8, 91
brunelloides___.___________ 10, 11 tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
Nelsonioideae________________- 2,4 tha f. bicolor____...____- 67, 92
Onychacanthus_..........----- 45 tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
arborea_._________-_-____- 46 f. flava__.__________- 68, 92, 93
berlandiertanus____________ 45, 46 turbacensis_........---____
cumingit...-..-------__ 45, 46 uribei....__-____- 68, 105, 108, 109
Spectosus.._...------_-_-_- 46 viridiflora____________- 68, 98, 99
Oreja de Mula_______________. 97 VISCOSd_ ee 76
Palo de agua____--_____________ 46 | Ruellieae._.. 22-22 44, 65
Petalidieae_____-______________ 44, 60 | Sancarano.___________________ 46
Patalidium._~__-______________. 60 | Sanchezia__.-___________- 2, 3, 45, 51
Phaylopsis____..________- 2, 44, 60, 64 lutea... ee 51, 53, 54
parviflora_____.._.-______ 4, 65 oblonga.-___._._-_--_-___. 51
Pico de ava__.-___-____________ 42 parvibracteata__.__.______ 51, 56
Pseudocalyx_______-__________- 40 parviflora...-...22--_~____ 55
Raiz preta....____.__________- 30 pennellii_-_--.-.22 22-2 eee 51
Rompebarringa_____._.______- 48 putumayensis__________ 51, 55, 56
Ruellia_____- 1, 2, 3, 45, 48, 49, 60, 66 speciosa_________-__- a. 3, 51, 52
albicaulis___.....-.-______ 77 sprucet var. salvadorensis _ —- 56
alopecuroidea____________ 111, 112 sylvestris.....__..._______ 56
aquatica_._________- 68, 103, 104 | Sancho arafia_____._-_________ 46
blechum____.-____-______-___ 60 | Scorodoxylum__.._.__________- 66
caucensis___________ 67, 84, 85, 88 hartwegianum_.__-_-_------ 66, 90
chariessa______________ 67, 74, 75 | Soldado parado______________- 8
clandestina__.....2.2---_-- 78 | Staurogyne___________________ 2,5
colombiana__________ 68, 102, 103 agrestis.___._...________-_
colorata__..._-_-_----___-_ 68, 97 argentea_______---__L__e 5
fulgida__.-_-._.-____--_____ 69 lepidagathoides___________ 5, 6
fulgida var. amgustissima__ 67, 68| Stemonacanthus______.._...___ 66
geminiflora______________- 68, 95 humboldtianus_.....--_---- 89
geminiflora var. angustifolia. 68, 95 salviaefolius__.-..________ 66
geminiflora var. hirsutior___ 59 | Teliostachya_______ 2, 44, 109, 111, 112
gigantea____.------_--__-- 47, 48 alopecuroidea___________ 111, 112
grisea_______-__._----.-_-- 67, 81 cataractae______-________ 111, 112
humboldtiana____________- 67, 89 diffusa_______-____________ 111
inundata_______________ 67, 77 lanceolata_.________ 112, 113, 114
ischnopoda_______.- 67, 82, 83, 86 lanceolata var. crispa___. 112, 114

INDEX 117

Page | Thunbergia—Continued Page

Tetramerium__._.------------ 3, 64 lutea____-_----.---------- 42
Thunbergia___.._.----------- 2, 3, 40 sulfurea__._..------------ 42
alata__-.-------------- 40, 41, 42 volubilis......------------ 42
alata var. alba___..------- 42 | Thunbergioideae- _--.-------- 2, 4, 40
alata var. bakeri_-_------- 41, 42| Trichanthera--------- 2, 44, 45, 47, 48
aurantiaca___._____.------ 42 corymbosa_.--.----------- 48, 50
aurantiaca subvar. doddsii_- 42 gigantea__--__.----------- 48, 49
capensis_-_--------------- 41 | Trichanthereae_-_-..----------- 44, 45
cordifolia._....----------- 43 | Verbena squamosa_-_----------- 7, 8
fragrans__-__---------- 41, 42, 43] Yuca de puerco--------------- 78
fryeri___.---------------- 42 | Yuca-e-puerco_--------------- 78
grandiflora___------.------ 41, 431 Yuquilla___----.------------- 95

O

bp LESSARY
x

HINGTON, 0.6.2"
CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Vo.LuME 31, Part 2

Boos Uiitaa "a tw "i

THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, II
By EMERY C. LEONARD

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D.C.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

Unrrep Srates NaTIONAL HERBARIUM

VotumE 31, Part 2

THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, II
By EMERY 4 LEONARD

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1953

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25,D.C. - Price 70 cents

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
II

PREFACE

Part I of the Acanthaceae of Colombia, comprising the subfamilies
Nelsonioideae, Mendoncioideae, and Thunbergioideae, and the five
tribes of the first series, Contortae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae, was
published as Part I of Volume 31, Contributions from the United
States National Herbarium, pp. 1-117, June 8, 1951. Part Il consists
of a treatment of the first five tribes of the second series, Imbricatae,
of the subfamily Acanthoideae. Nine genera, including 106 species, of
which 73 are described as new, are discussed in the present treatment.

Jason R. SwALLeN,
Head Curator, Department of Botany,
United States National Museum.

neat

CONTENTS

Page

Introduction. _____-..----_-------------------------------->> _.... Wg
Systematic treatment -------------------------------- Woe eee eee 119
Subfamily Acanthoideae (continued from Part 1)... __.-.---.------ 9
Series Imbricatae..-...----------------- oo eee ee ----- _.. 119

Tribe Aphelandreae-_----------------- ee 120
Neriacanthus____---------- ue e ee ee ©
Stenandrium_.._-.-----------.----------------7+ cc 124
Aphelandra-_----------------- ee eee nee eee 127
Encephalosphaera- - - ---- - - 8 eee eee ---- =: 280
Cyphacanthus.-.-----------.--- ~~ ------- 205-2 rr torre 282

Tribe Rhombochlamydeae- - --. ee eee eee eee -+ 285
Rhombochlamys. -- - - - - - eee eee eee. 285

Tribe Asystasieae__----- -.------ ------- =e eee rrr 287
Asystasia_..--------------- = <5 ==) ener 287

Tribe Graptophylleae-~.-.---------- Wo eee eee ----- 289

. Pachystachys_--------.--- ------- 5-05 0-500 rr te _... 290
Tribe Pseuderanthemeae----------------------------> woe ee 291
Pseuderanthemum_..--.--------------------- Wee eee 292

Index__._.___--_- eee eee ee enn eee rt 321

172485

peppeet —- Nov oa

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURES

. Neriacanthus grandiflorus Leonard_--------------------------------
_ Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees_--------------------------------7>
. Aphelandra mutisii Leonard _- -------------------------------77>>
_ Aphelandra euopla Leonard_-_----------------------------7-05007>
. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard-- --- - - (eee eee -------
. Aphelandra phobera Leonard------------------------ one eee
. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard------- - Wo eee eee ---- a
. Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard-----_------------ one -- _
. Aphelandra crispata Leonard - - - - -------- (oo eee ------ a
. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard -- --------------------------->>>> _.
. Aphelandra silvicola Leonard. - - --------------
. Aphelandra adscendens Leonard. - - - - - 8 nee eee eee
. Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard. - - ~~~ ----- Wo eee eee
. Aphelandra uribet Leonard - - -------- — _.
. Aphelandra lonchochlamys Leonard. --------------- ~~ =-=-"- >>> _
. Aphelandra puberula Leonard------ - - oo eee eee
. Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard-- ------------------- a Woe
. Aphelandra nana Leonard----------- eee eee
. Aphelandra sneidernit Leonard.--.------------- (eee a
. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard - - ------------------ Woo ee eee -ee
. Aphelandra lasia Leonard------------ -
. Aphelandra taborensis Leonard----- ------ oe ee ---
. Aphelandra anomala Leonard----------------- owe eee ool ee
. Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard__.___._----------------------
. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard.---------------------------7 55000077
. Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard - - ------------------------>--707-
. Aphelandra conformis Leonard----------------------------0070077
. Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard _ - --- (eee eee
. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard - - - -----------------------> 777077
. Aphelandra arisema Leonard_----------------------------007 7700"
. Aphelandra killipii Leonard - - --- ------------------------ 007007
. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard - - - ------------------------7 7077
. Aphelandra craura Leonard_---------------------------0 50 rrr
. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard --------------------------5 0050 rtreee
. Aphelandra schieferae Leonard - -- ------------------------->7>7777
. Aphelandra parvispica Leonard - - - ------------------------070 7077
. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard - - -------------------------7777
. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard - - - -------------------------70007077
. Aphelandra daemonia Leonard - - -------------------------77-77777
. Aphelandra grandis Leonard_----------------------------75777777
. Aphelandra aristet Leonard --------------------------- 5-50 500 0707
. Aphelandra trianae Leonard - - ------------------------525 000 c 00

VIII

83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94,
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114,
115.
116.
117.
118.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard._...-..-_._.___.__._......_...
Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard.___........._.._...............
Aphelandra schultesti Leonard_--......-.-...___._..............

Aphelandra sericantha Leonard... _. ........ ss ae
Aphelandra zanthantha Leonard-..- ss! Soe
Aphelandra straminea Leonard._.... =. oe
Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard........_........_......._. oe
Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard... ______...____. re
Aphelandra garciae Leonard _____- ~ oe ene eee eee,
Aphelandra crenata Leonard._______.______._..._____. oe

Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard_..___..........__.__. oo
Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard........_.. .... st a
Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard_. =... ne
Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard_________ ee
Aphelandra arborescens Leonard_-_..._...... ne
Encephalosphaera vitellina Lindau. _- wo
Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard_.-___._._._._.....____._
Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau_._......... oo.
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders... ©... Leen ee
Pachystachys riedeliana Nees.......... ....... ....
Pseuderanthemum haughtii Leonard....._._.....__............._.
Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard...______ - eee,

Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard..............__.......__..
Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard

THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II

By Emery C. LEONARD

INTRODUCTION

Ten tribes are listed by Dalla Torre and Harms (Genera Siphono-
gamarum) in the series Imbricatae. Eight of these tribes are repre-
sented by one or more genera from Colombia. The following five
tribes are discussed in the present treatment:

6. Aphelandreae

7. Rhombochlamydeae
8. Asystasieae

9. Graptophylleae

10. Pseuderanthemeae

The remaining. three tribes, Odontonemeae, Isoglosseae, and Justi-
cieae, will be reserved for treatment in Part III of the Acanthaceae

of Colombia.
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
Subfamily 4. ACANTHOIDEAE (continued from Part 1) *
Series B. IMBRICATAE
Imbricatae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 46. 1893.
The following artificial key will serve to separate the Colombian
genera represented in the five tribes listed above:

Anthers 1-celled.
Corolla lobes subequal, spreading.

Bracts pink or white; plants shrubby_----------------- 15. Neriacanthus

Bracts usually green; plants herbaceous--------------- 16. Stenandrium
Corollas 2-lipped.

Calyx 3-parted__-------------------------~------------ 19, Cyphacanthus

Calyx 5-parted.

Pollen grains spherical, the surfaces divided into tetragons.

18, Encephalosphaera
Pollen grains elongated, cleft.

Spaltenpollen (ellipsoidal grains with 3 longitudinal clefts, often with
a pore in each cleft) -------------------------- 17. Aphelandra
Daubenpollen (differing from the spaltenpollen in having the clefts
much broader and flatter (i. e., stave-shaped ) and each containing
@ pore) ----------------------------------- 20. Rhombochlamys

1B. C. Leonard, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., 31, pt. 1: 44, 1951.
119

120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Anthers 2-celled.
Stamens 4__-_-_-___-_-- 21, Asystasia
Stamens 2.
Corolla large, 2-lipped; staminodes, if present, rudimentary ; bracts large.
22. Pachystachys
Corolla usually small with a limb of 5 subequal spreading lobes; staminodes
well developed; bracts small_________________ 23. Pseuderanthemum

Tribe 6. APHELANDREAE Nees

Aphelandreae Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 279. 1847.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves various; flowers borne in bracted spikes;
calyx 5-parted, the segments subequal, membranaceous-chartaceous,
striate; corolla hypocrateriform or infundibular, the limb subregular,
bilabiate, or ringent; stamens 4, subdidynamous; anthers 1-celled,
often connected by their hirsute tips; capsules clavate, 4-seeded.

KEY TO THE GENERA

Corolla lobes subequal, spreading, the tube narrow.
Plants shrubby ; bracts rather large, toothed, white or pink ; staminodes slender.
15. Neriacanthus
Plants herbaceous, often subacaulescent; bracts small, usually lanceolate,
entire (in Colombian species), green ; staminodes none__ 16. Stenandrium
Corollas 2-lipped, the tube usually infundibular, although narrowly go, but the
mouth always appreciably broader than the base.
Calyx 3-parted_________-_-_-- 19. Cyphacanthus
Calyx 5-parted.
Pollen grains ellipsoidal bearing 3 longitudinal clefts, each of these often
bearing a pore________---- 17. Aphelandra
Pollen grains spherical, the markings forming 6 tetragons.
18. Encephalosphaera

15. NERIACANTHUS Benth.

Neriacanthus Benth., in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 1096. 1876. This is one of
the many generic names in the family Acanthaceae formed by adding a
prefix to Acanthus. Here the prefix Neri, from vnpés, means wet, in allusion,
undoubtedly, to the high damp mountain slopes, the natural habitat of the
species. Type species: Neriacanthus purdieanus Benth. Type locality:
Jamaica.

Aphanandrium Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. IV, 3b: 328. 1895. The
hame is derived from agav#s, invisible, and avépés male sex, in allusion,
no doubt, to the deeply included stamens. Type species: Aphanandrium
lehmannianum,

Plants shrubby; leaves opposite, the blades entire or undulate ;
flowers borne in terminal or axillary peduncled spikes; bracts im-
bricate, entire, usually colored, conspicuous; bractlets shorter than the
calyx; calyx deeply 5-parted, the segments narrow, the posterior one
slightly wider than the others, all striate-nerved, their margins
subhyaline; corolla tube subcylindric, the lobes imbricate, the posterior

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 121

lobe borne innermost and slightly larger than the others, the anterior
pair borne outermost; fertile stamens 4, included; staminode filiform ;
anthers narrow, 1-celled, terminated by a slender tip; capsules short-
stipitate, glabrous, nitid, finely punctate, 4-seeded, the basal portion
solid; seeds flattened, suborbicular, subtended by blunt-tipped reti-
nacula.

Previous to the present paper only two species have been proposed
in this genus, V. lehmannianus, from Colombia and Pert, and ¥.
purdieanus Benth. from Jamaica. The genus is easily recognized by
its white, whitish or pinkish bracts, slender-tubed corollas, and 1-celled
anthers.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Corolla lilac, 4 em. long__--------------------------------- 1. WN. grandiflorus
Corolla white or yellow proximally, 2 cm. long_---------- 2. N. lehmannianus
1. Neriacanthus grandiflorus Leonard, sp. nov. Fieurn 41

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, apice acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata,
in petiolum decurrens, glabra, vel in venis parce puberulenta et in
marginibus parce et minute hirsuta ; petioli glabri; pendunculi glabri;
spicae terminales; bracteae albae vel subvirides, minute punctatae,
glabrae, oblongo-ellipticae, subacutae, basi angustatae, in marginibus
minute serratae; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, striatae, glabrae;
calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, glabra, basi carinata et indurata ;
corolla lilacina, supra puberula, infra glabra, tubo angusto, lobis
rotundatis vel leviter emarginatis; capsulae glabrae, minute punctatae.

Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous, the basal portion about 5 mm. thick; leaf blades oblong-ellip-
tic, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex (the
tip itself blunt), gradually narrowed from middle or slightly above
middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface drying
brown, the lower surface greenish brown, glabrous except the minutely
and sparingly hirsute margins and the sparingly puberulous costa and
veins (8 or 9 pairs), these fairly prominent ; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
«labrous; spikes terminal, about 8 cm. long and 3 cm. broad; peduncles
3-4 em. long, glabrous; bracts greenish white, or at maturity white,
glabrous, minutely and distantly punctate, oblong-elliptic, about 23.
mm. long and 9 mm. wide, acutish, narrowed to 3 mm. at base, 10- or 12-
veined, the margins minutely serrate toward tip, the teeth about 0.25
mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad at base; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, un-
equal, the larger 8.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the smaller one 8 mm.
long and barely 1 mm. wide, both acute, parallel-nerved and glabrous,
the costa prominent; calyx segments subequal, narrowly lanceolate, 1
em. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, acute, glabrous, finely parallel-nerved, the
basal portion carinate and indurate; corolla lilac, 4 cm. long, glabrous
without from base to middle of tube, thence minutely puberulous, gla-

122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

brous within except the medial region, this minutely hirsute, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, white, spreading, the tube narrowly cylindric,
1.5 mm. broad except at the regions of the anthers, here enlarged to
2mm., the limb 1.5 cm. broad, the lobes spreading, obovate, about 1 em.
long and 6 to 8 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate; stamens
inserted about 2 cm. above the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 1
mm. long, pilosulous; anthers 3 mm. long, their tips adherent ; capsules
glabrous, clavate, 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, 2.5 mm. thick, minutely
punctate; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, nearly straight, the tips cucullate;
mature seed not seen.

Ficure 41.—WNeriacanihus grandifiorus Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15625): a, Tip of stem showing
inflorescence and uppermost leaf blades; 4, bract; c, bractlet; ¢, calyx opened to show
lobes; ¢, valve of capsule showing retinacula. (a, Halt natural size; b-e, natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852711, collected in
forest of La Laguna, on the left bank of Rio Sanguinin{f, Department
of El Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters altitude, December 10 to
20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15625).

Neriacanthus grandiflorus is a well-marked species definitely dis-
tinct from V. lehmannianus and easily separated from it by its large
lilac flowers and by the nearly glabrous leaf blades. In V. lehman-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 123

néianus the flowers are white and do not exceed 2 cm. in length and
the leaf blades are generally puberulous. Likewise the bracts of this
new species are much larger than those of WV. lehmannianus. At least
some of them are as much as 23 mm. long, instead of only 15 mm.

® Neriacanthus lehmannianus (Lindau) Lindau
Aphanandrium lehmannianum Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam IV, 3b:
398. 1895. Named in honor of F. C. Lehmann, a collector of Costa Rican,
Guatemalan, and Colombian plant specimens.

-Neriacanthus lehmannianus Lindau, in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 209. 1900. Here,
in an observation under WN. purdieanus Benth., Lindau combines the genus
Aphanandrium with Neriacanthus, and cites Lehmann’s 7852 from Ecuador
as type of the species.

Herbs, sometimes woody at base; stems usually simple, erect or
ascending, terete or subquadrangular at tip, glabrous below, the upper
portions more or less puberulous, the hairs minute, sordid, variously
curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, up to 13 em. long
and 4 cm. wide, acuminate or acute, narrowed at base, chartaceous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface drying blackish, glabrous,
minutely faveolate under lens, the costa and lateral veins (8 to 12
pairs) obscure, the lower surface drying olive, puberulous, the hairs
sordid; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, puberulous; flowers borne in
peduncled spikes 3 to 6 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm. broad, the spikes
terminal, solitary or in 2’s or 3’s, the peduncles 1 to 4 cm. long,
these and the rachis quadrangular, glabrous or nearly so; bracts
obovate, the larger and lowermost about 15 mm, long and 7 mm.
wide, successively smaller toward tip of spike, all obtuse, more or less
chartaceous, glabrous, irregularly and sparingly serrate, pink in
living plants, drying reddish brown; bractlets narrowly lanceolate,
5 to 5.5 mm. long, about 0.75 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to a
subulate tip, glabrous, carinate, striate-nerved, the costa prominent ;
calyx 6 to 6.5 mm. long, the segments linear-lanceolate, gradually
narrowed to a subulate tip, the posterior segment 1 mm. wide, the
lateral ones 0.5 mm. wide, and the anterior pair 0.75 mm. wide, all
glabrous and striate-nerved; corolla white, or yellow proximally,
glabrous, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the tube 12 mm. long, 1 mm. broad at
base, enlarged to 1.75 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually
narrowed to 1 mm. at mouth, the upper portion subcylindric, the limb
about 1 cm. broad, the lobes elliptic or obovate, emarginate, the
posterior lobe 6 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, the lateral and anterior ones
6 mm. long, and 2.25 to 2.5 mm. wide; stamens inserted about the
middle of the corolla tube, the filaments about 2 mm. long, these
and the portion of the corolla tube in the vicinity of their insertion
pubescent, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.20 mm. broad, affixed midway
between middle and base, their tips recurved; pistil about 1 cm. long,
glabrous; capsules 12 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, pointed at apex, gla-

124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

brous, nitid, minutely punctate, 4-seeded, the solid basal portion about
3mm. long and 2 mm. broad, the seed brown, the retinacula 2 mm.
long, rounded and cucullate at tip.

Damp woods or clearings on the higher mountain slopes or summits.
The specimens cited were collected from 1,700 to 2,900 meters.
Colombia to Peru.

Catpas: La Linea, Quindio, Dryander 2140 (US).

Cauca: Between Timbiqui and Micay, Lehmann B. T. 449 (NY).

Ei VALLE: La Cumbre, Hazen & Killip 11152 (Ph, NY, US); Pennell & Killip
5789 (Ph, NY, US). San Antonio, Dryander 2288 (Valle); Killip & Garctu
33678 (US), 38889 (US). Calf, Lehmann 2966 (US). Cuesta de Tocotad, on road
from Buenaventura to Calf, Pittier 610 (US).

DEPARTMENT (?) : Sommet de la Cordillera Occidental, Langlassé 44 (US).

16. STENANDRIUM Nees

Stenandrium Nees, in Lindl. Intr. Bot., ed. 2, 444, 1886. The name comes from
orevés, Darrow, and avydpés, male sex, and alludes to the narrow anthers, a
character common to the tribe Aphelandreae. Type species: Stenandrium
mandioccanum Nees.

Small perennial, caulescent or acaulescent herbs, the leaves often
radical; flowers borne in spikes, these sessile, subsessile, pedunculate
or borne on slender scapes, the peduncles or scapes simple or branched;
bracts ovate to lanceolate, herbaceous, entire or occasionally toothed ;
calyx segments 5, narrow, subequal, usually striate-nerved; corollas
pink, white or purple, the tube slender, cylindric, more or less incurved
and briefly ampliate at throat, the limb oblique, spreading, 5-lobed,
the lobes obovate, rounded or retuse, imbricate ; Stamens 4, didynamous,
affixed in the throat of the corolla tube, included, the filaments very
short, the anthers oblong, 1-celled, conniving or subcohering in pairs,
sometimes barbellate at tip, muticous at base; style subclavate at apex,
briefly 2-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cavity ; capsules oblong to subfusiform,
subterete ; seeds 4 or fewer by abortion, plano-compressed, orbiculate,
minutely hispid or muricate, subtended by rather long retinacula.

The species of this genus are widely distributed throughout the
tropical and subtropical regions of America. The acaulescent ones
are easy enough to recognize by virtue of their habit alone; the
stemmed plants may confuse one at first sight by their very different
appearance, but they always possess the characteristic flowers of the
genus. More than 60 species are now recognized.

KEY TO THE SPECIES
Plants caulescent.
Stems glabrous; spikes borne in terminal trichotomous corymbs; leaf blades
long-cuspidate___-..------ 1. S. corymbosum
Stems pubescent; spikes borne on simple or forked peduncles; leaf blades
acutish_-----_-- 2. 8S. radicosum

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 125

Plants acaulescent.
Peduncles shorter than or but slightly exceeding the leaves; leaf blades ovate
to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse at apex_-—---------- 3. 8S. dulce
Peduncles much exceeding the leaves; leaf blades oblong, acuminate.
4, 8S. humboldtianum
1. Stenandrium corymbosum Nees

Stenandrium corymbosum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 727. 1847. Type collected in
Colombia by Lobb (No. 171) (Hooker Herbarium, Kew). Corymbosum
alludes to the flat-topped inflorescence, this contrasting with the usually
peduncled spikes of the genus.

Herbs; stem about 30 cm. high, simple, more or less succulent,
glabrous; leaf blades oblong, 10 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide,
obtusish and long-cuspidate at apex, acute at base, entire; petioles up
to 18 mm. long; flowers borne in short spikes, these in turn borne in a
spreading, 3-parted corymb; bracts oval, much longer than the calyx,
obtuse, membranaceous, sessile, spreading; bractlets shorter than the
calyx; corolla about 13 mm. long.

Not seen. Description compiled from the original.

Endemic.

2. Stenandrium radicosum Nees

Stenandrium radicosum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 283. 1847. Type locality :
“Prope S. Martha et Maracaybo in Colombia in silvis montanis humidis
(h. Hooker), Moritz n. 1273 in h. gen. berol.” A photograph of the type
material from the Berlin Herbarium is in the U. §. National Herbarium
(Field Mus. photograph No. 8686). Radicosum alludes to the numerous
roots supposedly produced by the plant.

Stems rooting at base, leafy toward tip; leaf blades elliptic-oblong,
up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acutish at apex, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long;
peduncles up to 8 cm. long, simple or forked; spikes lax, up to 5 cm.
long, the bracts lanceolate, spreading, acuminate, bearing a pair of
small marginal teeth near the apex, ciliate.

Specimen not seen. Description compiled from the original and
the dimensions computed from the photograph.

The type locality as given by Nees is confusing. As Moritz is not
known to have collected in Colombia his No. 1273 most likely came
from the Venezuela side in the general vicinity of Maracaibo, Zulia.
Since the species however may actually occur in the adjacent Santa
Marta Mountains of Colombia, it has been included in the present
treatment.

3. Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees Figure 42

Ruellia dulcis Cav. Icon. Pl. 6: 62. pl. 585, fig. 2, 1801. Type collected near
Taleahuano, Chile, by Cavanilles. Dulcis, sweet, alludes, no doubt, to the
esthetic appeal of the plant. This specific name was evidently suggested
to Cavanilles by its vernacular name “canchelahua dulce.”

126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Stenandrium dulce Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 282. 1847. Based on Ruellia dulcis
v.

ceraria dulcis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 101. 1917. Based on Ruellia

dulcis Cav.

Rootstocks 1 to several cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter ; roots thick-
fibrous; stem very short or lacking; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate
or oblong-elliptic, up to 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse at apex,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire or
slightly crenate, minutely punctate, more or less hirsute, the hairs
spreading, up to 1 mm. long, confined mostly to costa and lateral veins
(4 or 5 pairs) ; petioles up to 4 cm. long, both pilose and puberulous,
or sometimes glabrous and sparingly ciliate, or, rarely, subtomentose ;

Ficure 42.—Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees (a, Pérez-Arbeldex 3031; b, c, Conde Hugo de
Tarragon, Araque-M. & Barkley 18Cu.100): a, Plant; b, bract and bractlets; c, calyx
segment. (a, b, Natural size; c, twice natural size.)

flowers borne in sessile, subsessile or peduncled spikes, usually 2 to 3
cm. long or occasionally up to 6 cm. long, the peduncles, if present,
both hirsute and puberulous; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 mm.
long, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, imbricate, inconspicu-
ously 3-nerved, more or less punctate, ciliate, pilose, the hairs up to 2
mm. long, or sometimes both pilose and puberulous; bractlets nar-
rowly lanceolate, about 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, 3-nerved, ciliate;
calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
striate-nerved, minutely ciliolate, the margins subhyaline; corolla
purple, glabrous, up to 2 cm. long, the tube slender, about 1 mm. broad,

* The genus Gerardia L. commemorates John Gerard, a famous English herb-
alist (1545 to 1607). This genus, however, belongs to the family Scrophulari-
aceae, notwithstanding the fact that the first species treated by Linnaeus under
Gerardia (Sp. Pl. 610. 1753) is of the family Acanthaceae. (Mon. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia 1: 419, 1935.)

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 127

slightly enlarged at base, the limb about 1.5 cm. broad, the lobes sub-
equal, obovate, obtuse; capsules oblong, 2.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous
or puberulous at tip; seeds flattened, ovate, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm.

broad, appressed-pilose.
A variable species inhabiting the grassy, upper slopes of the Andes.
Colombia, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina.

CunpINAMARCA: Péramo de Choachi, vicinity of Bogota, Gabriel 6 (US). La
Picoté, Pérez-Arbeldez 3031 (US). Southwest of Las Cruces, Pennell 2191 (NY,
US). Sabana de Bogoté, Dawe 201 (US). San Cristébal, Sabana de Bogota,
Pring 36 (Mo). Sabana de Bogota, near Madrid, Conde Hugo de Tarragon,
Araque & Barkley 18Cu.100 (US). Hacienda de Tequendama, Triana s. n. (Col).

4. Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees

Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 284. 1847. Type collected
at Atures, Venezuela, by Humboldt and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.
Photograph in the U. 8S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. Photograph No.
8683). Named in honor of Alexander von Humboldt.

Acaulescent; leaf blades oblong, acuminate, gradually narrowed to
a short petiole, hirsute, entire; peduncle 15 to 20 cm. long; spikes loose ;
bracts lanceolate, slightly longer than the calyx, decussate, spreading;
bractlets lanceolate, 2.5 to 3mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliolate ;
calyx segments lanceolate, about 4 mm. long, 0.5 to 1.5 mm. wide,
puberulous at tip, striate-nerved; corolla 1.5 cm. long, the tube sub-
cylindric, about 1.5 mm. broad, the segments obcordate, emarginate.

Colombia, Venezuela.

DEPARTMENT (7?) : Without locality, Claes (US).

17. APHELANDRA R. Br.

Aphelandra R. Br. Prodr, Fl. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810. Here under Justicia Robert
Brown proposed the generic name Aphelandra to include the following
species: Justicia puleherrima Jacq., J. scabra Vahl, and J. cristata Jacq.
Type species: Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Aphelandra is from the Greek
dgeAqs, smooth, and apvSpés, anther.

Hemisandra Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles. 9: 22. 1842. Type species: H.
Gurantiaca Scheidw. Hemisandra is derived from two Greek words, 7p,
half, and avSpés, anther.

Lagochilium Nees, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 83. pl. 10. 1847. Six species are described
here by Nees. The first of these, L. mazrimilianum Nees, by virtue of its
being illustrated, can be chosen as the type species. When compared with
Aphelundra, the genus Lagochilium is characterized, according to Nees, by its
nearly regular (subbilabiate) corolla limb and generally by its herbaceous
nature. It seems in a way to be intermediate between Aphelandra and
Stenandrium. The epithet is derived from the Greek words, Aayws, hare, and
xetdos, lip, evidently from a fancied resemblance of one of the corolla lobes
to a hare’s lip.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; leaves opposite, petiolate, the blades
usually large, oblong to elliptic, toothed, lobed, entire, or crenate;

©
PA

228609—53

128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

flowers of various shades of red, yellow, orange or occasionally white
or cream, borne in terminal usually large-bracted spikes; flower-
bracts entire or toothed, those of certain species bearing dorsally on
either side a group of ocelli, these few, oval, brownish, rather con-
spicuous or very numerous and minute appearing even under magni-
fication as a more or less irregular alveolar area; bractlets various, in a
few species rudimentary; calyx divided nearly to the base into 5
segments, these usually lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous or
chartaceous, striate-veined, the posterior segment usually broader
than the others and sometimes toothed at tip (in a few species the
calyx is rudimentary) ; corolla tube straight or curved, the limb usually
bilabiate, the upper lip erect, bilobed or entire, the lower lip reflexed-
spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe often larger than the lateral ones,
these sometimes very small and adnate to the base of the upper lip;
stamens 4, usually slightly exserted, but rarely if ever exceeding the
upper lip of the corolla; anthers narrow, one-celled, often pilose
dorsally and adhering at tips by webby hairs; capsules usually ovoid
or cylindric, 4-seeded.

A phelandra, one of the larger genera of the family, is restricted to
tropical America. The flowering spikes are often large and beauti-
fully colored, even to the bracts, and in certain species varigated or
colored leaves occur. In spite of its attractiveness, however, these
plants are rarely met with in cultivation, possibly because of culture
difficulties. This may be explained by the fact that many of the
species are shade plants from damp forests. In contrast to most
genera of the family, there are no cystoliths.

Important characters in the genus A phelandra, linking large series
of species, are the presence of spiny interpetiolar bracts, the presence
or absence of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on the margins of the leaf
blades or flower bracts, and the presence or absence of ocelli on the
flower bracts. These ocelli may be represented by one to several
rather large oval brownish or blackish glands plainly visible under
a lens or even to the unaided eye, or again they may be very numerous
and minute, visible only under a high magnification. Without aid of
a lens, these minute ocelli appear as more or less irregular dark alveo-
lar areas on the bracts.

In one large group of species, chiefly the pulcherrima-tetragona
complex, the lower lip of the corolla is apparently entire and seems
to consist of a single segment. <A careful examination will, however,
reveal small lateral lobes, adnate to the basal portion of the upper
lip with only their tips free and appearing as small rounded or tri-
angular projections.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 129

KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Stems armed by spiny interpetiolar bracts.
Corollas glabrous.
Leaf blades glabrous beneath or essentially so.

Corollas red______-------------------------------- 1. A. runcinata
Corollas stramineous__—_~.-------- la. A. runcinata var. straminea
Leaf blades pilose beneath__------------------- 1b. A. runcinata var. pilosa

Corollas pubescent, tomentose or hirtellous (unknown in No. 4).
Leaf blades 3 cm. wide or less.
Bracts spiny-margined ; leaf blades densely pilose or subtomentose.
2, A. mutisii
Bracts entire; leaf blades glabrous or essentially so_--_---- 3. A. euopla
Leaf blades, at least some of them, 5 cm. wide or more.
Stems glabrous; calyx segments rounded and mucronate.
4, A. porphyrocarpa
Stems minutely strigose, hirsute, or subtomentose, at least above; calyx
segments obtusish to acute or acuminate.
Corollas yellow.

Leaf blades deeply incised; bracts triangular-ovate, acuminate, spar-
ingly serrate (usually about 3 pairs of teeth) ; corollas 3.4 to
4 em. long____-------------------------------- 5. A. acanthus

Leaf blades shallowly incised; bracts lanceolate to oblong-ovate, ser-
rate (4 to 9 pairs of teeth) ; corollas 4 to 6 cm. long_ 6, A. phobera

Corollas red or orange red.

Leaf blades deeply incised, the lobes triangular to oblong, up to 7 cm.
long, the margins prominently and rather closely spinose-ser-
rate; middle lobe of the lower corolla lip flat__-_-- 7. A. huilensis

Leaf blades serrate-dentate or shallowly incised, the segments broadly
triangular, about 1 em. long (larger leaves), the margins spar-
ingly and distantly spinose-toothed; middle lobe of the lower
corolla lip strongly cucullate-.------------ 8. A. porphyrolepis

A. Stems unarmed, i. e., without spiny interpetiolar bracts.
B. Leaf blades lyrate-pinnatifid or coarsely serrate.

Leaves and corollas glabrous - -o------------ 9, A. quercifolia
Leaves and corollas more or less pubescent.
Bracts toothed_______---------------------------------- 10 A. lyrata
Bracts entire__-- _o eee == -- === 11. A. crispata

B. Leaf blades entire or undulate, or rarely shallowly crenate.
GC. Bracts toothed.
D. Corollas up to 2 cm. long (2.5 cm. in No. 16).

Bracts 2 mm. wide or less___------------------------- 12. A. arnoldii
Bracts 3.5 to 8 mm. wide.
Peduncles about 12 em. long_--------------------- 13. A. parviflora
Peduncles 6 cm. long or less.
Leaf blades subcordate at base__-------------------- 14, A. mollis

Leaf blades narrowed at base.
Flowers borne in a terminal trifurcate panicle__ 15, A. botanodes
Flowers borne in terminal or lateral spikes.
Corolla 2.5 cm. long; costal and lateral veins of leaf blades

bordered by white or yellow_-.----------- 16. A. silvicola
Corolla 12 to 15 mm. long; leaf blades uniformly green.
Teeth of bracts about 0.5 mm, long__------ 17. A. adscendens

Teeth of bracts up to 3 mm. long__------- 18. A. ochrolarynge

130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

D. Corollas 3 to 6 em. long.
H. Bracts without ocelli.
Bracts narrow, 6.5 mm. wide or less,
Marginal teeth of bracts subulate___......._ | 19. A. uribei
Marginal teeth of the bracts low, minute____ 20. A. lonchochlamys
Bracts relatively wide (10 mm. or more).
Marginal teeth of the bracts subulate, up to 4 mm. long.
Lips of the corolla subequal and somewhat similar, the lateral
lobes of the lower lip nearly as long as the middle one.
21, A. puberula
Lips of the corolla unequal and very dissimilar, the lower lip
longer than the upper, the lateral lobes of the lower lip much

smaller than the middle lobe______.__ | 22. A. aurantiaca
Marginal teeth of the bracts minute, about 0.25-1.5 mm, long,
Bracts glabrous__--__-----_------- 23. A. leiophylla

Bracts puberulous.
Leaf blades relatively small (up to 7 em. long and 23 mm.
wide) ----- 24, A. nana
Leaf blades large (up to 20 em. long and 8 cm. wide or more).
Lips of the corolla subequal, about 15 mm. long.
25. A. sneidernii
Lips of the corolla unequal and dissimilar, about 2 em. long.
22. A. aurantiaca
E. Bracts bearing ocelli,
Ocelli borne in a depression.
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 6 em. wide; bracts subrhombie,
their tips spreading or recurved_____.______ 26. A. impressa
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate and not exceeding
21 mm. in width; bracts flat, their tips not spreading or
recurved_—___------ 27. A. lamprantha
Ocelli borne on the flat surface of the bracts.
Lower surface of the leaf blades densely pilose, the hairs up to 1.5
mm. long__---_----- 28. A. lasia
Lower surface of leaf blades hirtellous or tomentose, the hairs
mostly up to 0.5 mm. long.
Ocelli numerous, minute, appearing without a lens, as an alveolar
area——-____ 29. A. taborensis
Ocelli few, large and conspicuous.
Teeth bordering the bracts slender, up to 1.5 mm. long.
30. A. deppeana
Teeth bordering the bracts, if present, minute and inconspicuous.
52. A. daemonia
C. Bracts entire.
I’, Ocelli lacking.
Hairs on the bracts, at least in part, gland-tipped.
Bracts ovate, 2 em. wide; corolla yellow with purple spots.
31. A. anomala
Bracts lanceolate, 1.2 em. wide or less; corolla red or flame color.
Bractlets lance-subulate, 2 mm. wide; bracts 2 cm. long and up to
7mm. wide_-__-__---- 32. A. glischrochlamys
Bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide; bracts up to 3 em, long and
12 mm. wide___-__---- 33, A. phlogea

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 131

Hairs on the bracts eglandular (or absent).
Corolla bright red.
Leaf blades variegated, the costa and veins with adjoining area
bright silver___-_------------------------- 34. A. fascinator
Leaf blades solid green.
Bracts and corolla glabrous, or the corolla pruinose.
35, A. alevandri
Bracts or corolla pubescent.
Rachis silvery pubescent_.--------------- 36. A. lasiophylla
Rachis puberulous.
Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 4 to 5 cm. wide; bracts rhombic-
ovate, eciliate or minutely ciliolate at apex.
87. A. conformis
Leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, 1 to 3 cm. wide; bracts
oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, the hairs 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long.
Spikes solitary; leaves glabrous___----- 38. A. lawranceae
Spikes 2 or more, crowded; costa and lateral veins of the
lower surface of the leaf blades minutely puberulous
or hirtellous_-___--------------- 39. A. colombiensis
Corolla white, cream, reddish, or purple, not bright red.
Calyx segments well developed, 1 cm. long or more.
Bracts up to 15 mm. long, their veins obscure__ 36. A. lasiophylla
Bracts, at least some of them, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, their veins

prominent.
Bracts subglabrous, eciliate__-.--_--------- 40. A. boyacensis
Bracts puberulous, strongly ciliate__-------- 41. A. arisema

Calyx segments vestigial (0.5-2 mm. long).
Bracts obtuse or rounded, their margins hyaline to the width
0.5 mm., the veinlets ending evenly to form a well-defined

margin.
Plants nearly glabrous; flowers reddish—-__~_- 42. A. killipii
Plants pubescent, the upper part of the stems retrorsely
strigose_______________-__----------- 48. A. cuatrecasasti
Bracts acute or acuminate, their margins, if hyaline, not evenly
so.

Corolla white or pale cream; spikes cylindric.
44, A. dolichantha
Corolla purplish; spikes ovate____---_-------- 45, A. craura
F. Ocelli present.
G. Ocelli represented by 1 or more well-defined elliptical, brown, more
or less nitid areas.
H. Rachis more or less covered with a white, flocculose tomentum.
Hairs of the stems more or less spreading.

Lower surface of the leaf blades pilose, the hairs up to 1.5 mm.
long; bracts 9 mm. long, inconspicuously puberulous or
glabrate oo -- eee -+- 46. A. pilosa

Lower surface of the leaf blades densely and softly gray-
pubescent, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; bracts 6 to 7 mm.
long, densely and finely puberulous__--__- 47. A. pulcherrima

Hairs of the stems appressed.

Leaves subtending the branches of the paniculate inflorescence
large and conspicuous, up to 36 cm. long and 10 cm. wide,
their lower surfaces densely and softly pilose.

48. A, schieferae

132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Leaves subtending the branches of the inflorescence small, or else
the spikes solitary or fascicled at the tips of the branches, the
lower surfaces of the leaf blades sparingly and inconspicu-
ously strigose.

Spikes slender-peduncled, forming small terminal panicles;
spikes up to 8 mm. broad______--______ 49. A. parvispica
Spikes subsessile, solitary or fascicled ; spikes 8 to 15 mm. broad.
Leaf blades relatively small, up to 13 cm. long and 4 em.
wide; ocelli small and rather inconspicuous, up to

0.5 mm. long____---_______ 50. A. mildbraediana

Leaf blades large, up to 35 em. long and 12.5 em. wide;
ocelli large and conspicuous, 0.5 to 1 mm. in diameter.

Bracts 7.5 mm. long, drying light brown: ocelli 6 or 7 in
number, light brown, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter.

51. A. barkleyi

Bracts 5 mm. long, drying dark brown; ocelli solitary or
occasionally several, very conspicuous, dark brown to
almost black, up to 1 mm. in diameter_ 52. A. daemonia

H. Rachis glabrous, puberulous or hirsute, or if flocculose, the hairs
brownish.
Bracts 2 cm. long or more.
Bracts ovate, rounded, appressed-pubescent to glabrate.
53. A. grandis
sracts oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, finely and velvety pubescent.
Leaf blades densely and softly pilose beneath___ 54. A. aristei
Leaf blades glabrous or sparingly hirtellous beneath.
55. A. trianae
Bracts 1.2 cm. long or less.

Bracts acute to subacute.

Rachis glabrous or sparingly pilose; bracts up to 0.7 cm. long.
56. A. albert-smithii

Rachis clothed with a brownish flocculose tomentum.
Inflorescence a large terminal panicle of rather small spikes ;
ocelli minute and inconspicuous, up to 0.5 mm. in diam-
eter____--_- 57. A. macrophylla
Inflorescence consisting of a single spike or a fascicle of 3,
these subsessile or short-pedunculate; ocelli conspicuous,

up to 0.75 mm. in diameter.

Costa densely strigose on the upper surface of the leaf
blades ; bracts acute, 6 mm. long or less, 4 mm. wide,
the ocelli up to 1.25 mm. long________ 58. A. schultesii

Costa glabrous or sparingly strigose on the upper surface
of the leaf blades; bracts subacute, 7.5 mm. long and
6 mm. wide, the ocelli up to 0.75 mm. long.

51. A. barkleyi

Bracts rounded or obtuse, or only the lowermost acute.

Stems hirsute, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long__ 59. A. haughtii
Stems puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long.
60. A. incarnata
G. Ocelli numerous, minute, forming a dull, alveolar spot, this some-
times deciduous.
I, Corollas yellow, straw-color, or rose.
Bracts. relatively large, up to 20 mm. long and 8-12 mm, wide;
spikes (without corollas) 2 to 3 cm. broad,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 133

Corollas densely pubescent, the hairs upwardly appressed.

61. A. sericantha

Corollas glabrous or papillose.

Bracts broadly rhombic-ovate, obtuse or rounded at tip.
62. A. hartwegiana
Bracts ovate-lanceolate, acute_____------- 63. A. canthantha
Bracts smaller, up to 13 mm. long and 10 mm. wide; spikes (without
corollas) up to 12 mm. broad (2 cm. in A. crenata).
Rachis white-tomentose.
Leaf blades large, up to 30 cm. long and 11.5 cm. wide; spikes
up to 26 cm. long__-- --- __ 64. A. straminea
Leaf blades smaller, up to 14 cm. long and 5 cm. wide; spikes
up to 10 em. long.
Lower surface of leaf blades moderately strigose.
65. A. scolnikae
Lower surface of leaf blades silky-pilose_ 66. A. sericophylla
Rachis glabrous or minutely pilose, the hairs, if present, 0.5 nm.
long or less.
Corolla minutely hirsute; leaf blades entire or undulate.
67. A. garciae
Corolla papillose; leaf blades, at least the lower, strongly
crenate_______-_____----__---------------- 68. A. crenata
1, Corollas red or earmine.
J. Rachis flocculose-tomentose.

Stems densely to moderately strigose; leaf blades coriaceous.
Leaf blades densely silky-pilose beneath___ 66. A. sericophylla
Leaf blades glabrous or minutely strigose beneath.

Glabrous margins of the bractlets about 1 mm. wide; leaf

blades drying dull green____---------~- 65. A. scolnikae
Glabrous margins of the bractlets barely 0.5 mm. wide; leaf
blades drying a nitid brown__----------- 69. A. glabrata

Stems glabrous, or the tips minutely and sparingly strigose; leaf
blades membranaceous.

Bractlets 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, each bearing a well-
defined tooth near base; spikes up to 13 cm. long and 1.5
cm, broad____________-------------------- 70. A. hodgei

Bractlets 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, entire; spikes up to 30
em. long and 8 mm. broad_________--~-- 71, A. longispica

J. Rachis glabrous or hirtellous, not floccose-tomentose.
Corollas densely hirtellous____-_-------------- 61. A. sericantha
Cerellis glabrous or puberulous.
Calyx conspicuously longer than the bracts.
Bracts acute____--____________-_---------- 72, A. blandii
Bracts obtuse or subobtuse.
Bractlets 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, subacute.
62. A. hartwegiana
Bractlets 1.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, acuminate.
73. A. lingua-bovis

Calyx slightly shorter than bracts.

Bracts up to 2.5 em. long___.__---------- 74, A. fernandecti
Bracts less than 1.2 cm. long.
Bracts glabrous.______________-__---- 75, A. chaponensis

134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Bracts medially strigose.

Medial region of the bracts densely strigose.
76, A. pharangophila

Medial region of the bracts thinly strigose.
V7, A. arborescens

1. Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch
Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch ex Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 302. 1847. Nees bases
his description on two cotypes, one collected on a river bank in a shady
cinchona plantation at Mérida, Venezuela, December, by Moritz (Berlin
Bot. Mus.), and the other in a Chusquea (bamboo) pasture, Quind{o,
Colombia, by Goudot (Hooker Herbarium). The name runcinata (i. e. saw:
toothed or sharply incised) alludes to the sharply toothed leaf blades.

Shrubs up to 4 meters high; stems glabrous or nearly so, occasionally
tomentulose toward tip, fleshy; leaf blades obovate to oblong-obovate
or lanceolate, up to 80 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate
at base, chartaceous, the margins more or less narrowly recurved,
dentate or incised-dentate, the excurrent nerves terminating in sharp
spines 1 to 5 mm. long, the upper surface drying olive green, nitid,
glabrous or sparingly floccose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa
and lateral veins (10 to 30 pairs), the lower surface drying dull green
or brown, glabrous, or the costa and veins sparingly floccose, these
more prominent beneath than above; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
vlabrous or sparingly floccose ; interpetiolar bracts triangular, retrorse,
up to 5 mm. long, 1- to 5-nerved, the nerves excurrent, ending in sharp,
straight spines 1 to 4 mm. long; flowers usually numerous and
crowded, borne in a simple terminal spike or in both terminal and
lateral spikes, then forming a rather large pyramidal crowded or
sometimes loose terminal paniculate inflorescence up to 20 em. long
and broad, the peduncles and rachises glabrous or floccose; bracts
triangular, 7 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous, purplish red, ciliolate,
obscurely nerved, the costa excurrent, ending in a small spine about
0.5 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
acuminate, purplish red, ciliolate; calyx segments oblong, about 9
mm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, obtuse to acute, mucronulate, glabrous,
entire to erose or erose-dentate near tip, the upper portion more or
less ciliate with glandular or eglandular hairs or both; corolla red,
glabrous, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, the tube subcylindric, slightly curved,
about 4 mm. broad near base, slightly constricted at about 5 mm. above
the base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the throat
transversely undulate-rugose, the upper lip oblong-ovate, about 15
mm. long, 5 mm. wide, rounded, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed near
the tip, ciliate, finely and sparingly pilose within, the lower lip
definitely 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, rounded ;
capsules oblong-clavate, 18 mm. long, about 3 mm. broad at base, 6
mm. broad at middle, obtuse, glabrous, minutely punctate; seed flat,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 135

obliquely oblong, 5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick, brown,
minutely roughened.

Vernacular name: Cresta de gallo (Pennell 10940).

Flowering from April to February, but chiefly in December. Bro.
Tomas (No. 770) states that the plants produce a white latex. The
leaf blades vary greatly. Some are merely irregularly toothed, others
range from moderately to rather deeply pinnatifid or incised. Like-
wise the venation varies from moderately to extremely prominent.
On the other hand, little if any variation is to be found in the in-
florescence. The corollas are, as Dawe (No. 766) expresses it, a
striking red.

Wooded mountain slopes from 2,000 to 3,000 meters altitude. Co-
lombia and Venezuela.

ANTIOQUIA : Boqueron, between Medellin and Palmitas, Hodge 6605 (GH, Med).
Camino Real Antiguo to Boquer6n de Medellin,Barkley, Correa & Posada, 101
(US). La Ceja, Bro. Daniel 2172 (US). La Sierra, near Medellin, Archer
1093 (US). Las Minitas, south of Caldas, Pennell 10940 (GH, NY). San
Cristébal to San Jerénimo, Lehmann 7846 (K). Summit of Santa Elena, be-
tween Medellin and Rionegro, Barkley, Araque & Gomez 424 (US) ; Gutiérrez
1146 (Med, US) ; Noval ¢ Barkley 18C.484 (US). San Pedro, Bro. Tomas 770
(US). Sonsén, Lehmann 7574 (K).

CaLpas: Caldas, Dawe 766 (NY, US). San Bernardino, Pennell & Hazen
10158 (GH). Manizales, Triana s.n. (NY, US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Dintel, between Facatativa and La Vega, Pérez-Arbeldez &
Cuatrecasas 53820 (US).

SANTANDER: Western slopes of Mount Pefia Blanca, near Charta, Killip 4
Smith 19262 (NY, US). Vicinity of Las Vegas, Killip € Smith 16138 (NY, US).

A photograph of Lehmann’s 7574 deposited in the Berlin Herbarium
isin the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8668).
The Berlin sheet bears an unpublished name written by Lindau.

1a. Aphelandra runcinata var. straminea Leonard, var. noy.

A forma typica lamina foliorum subtus pilosa, pilis septatis, corollis
stramineis recedit.

Leaf blades oblanceolate, shallowly incised, pilose beneath, the hairs
conspicuously segmented ; flowers straw-colored ; otherwise resembling
the typical form.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950445, collected along
the Subita-San Francisco road, Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, 2,000 meters altitude, August 26, 1947, by Oscar Haught (No.
6108).

1b. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa Leonard, var. nov.

A forma typica lamina foliorum subtus dense pilosa, corollis
puniceis recedit.

*K, Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Lower surface of the leaf blades more or less densely pilose, other-
wise similar to the typical form.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954130, collected in
dense forest on road along stream between Medellin and Rionegro,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, November
17, 1948, by E. P. Killip, Fred A. Barkley, and Bro. Daniel (No.
39837). Bro. Daniel’s No. 4024, collected at Las Palmas, Antioquia,
at 2,200 meters and Toro’s No. 1260, collected at Salgar, in the vicinity
of Medellin, Antioquia, July 20, 1928, are both of this variety.

2. Aphelandra mutisii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 43

Frutex, caulibus dense et molliter subtomentosis, pilis patulis vel
retrorsis; lamina foliorum oblonga vel oblanceolata, subcoriacea, ser-
rata, dentibus spinis acutis terminatis, supra nitida, pilosa, subtus
dense et molliter pilosa vel subtomentosa, pilis fulvis, costa et venis
prominentibus; petioli breves, subtomentosi; bracteae interpetiolares
parvae, triangulares, spinis (1-5) acutis fulvis armatae; spicae termi-
nales et laterales, densae, rhache dense pilosa, pilis fulvis; bracteae
anguste oblongae, spinoso-dentatae, dense pilosae; bracteolae lanceo-
latae, parce spinoso-dentatae; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata,
spina parva terminata, apice puberula, basi glabra, ciliata, pilis aliquot
glandulosis; corolla angusta, parce et minute pubescens, lobis ovalibus,
rotundatis; capsulae glabrae, nitidae, minute punctatae.

Shrub; stems densely and softly pilose or subtomentose, the hairs
yellowish, up to 1 mm. long, spreading or retrorse; leaf blades oblong
to oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, up to 9 cm. long and 3 em. wide,
acute to acuminate, narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, serrate, the teeth
rather closely set, 2 to 3 mm. long, each terminated by sharp, straight
spines 2 to 3 mm. long, the upper surface nitid, rather sparingly pilose,
the costa densely so, the hairs up to 1 mm. long, yellowish, the costa,
lateral veins (about 20 pairs) and veinlets shallowly impressed, the
veinlets reticulately anastomosing, the lower surface densely and
softly tawny pilose or subtomentose, the costa and veins prominent,
the reticulation obscured by the dense pubescence; petioles up to 5mm.
long, the pubescence similar to that of the stems; interpetiolar bracts
small, triangular, up to 4 mm. long, sparingly pilose, the veins excur-
rent, ending in 1 to 5 straight sharp yellowish spines up to 6 mm. long,
the middle one longer than the others; flowers borne in terminal or,
with maturity, both terminal and lateral spikes, these dense, up to
5 em. long and 2 cm. broad, the lowermost bracts integrading into
stem leaves, the rachis densely tawny pilose, the bracts narrowly
oblong, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide, otherwise resembling the
leaf blades; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 38 mm.
wide near the base, ending in a spine about 3 mm. long and bearing
1 or 2 shorter spines on the margins, rather densely pilosulous and
ciliate except at the base, the hairs yellowish, the nerves prominent;

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 137

calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, 2 to 8 mm. wide,
tipped by a weak spine, puberulous toward tip, glabrous below, ciliate,
some of the marginal hairs glandular; corolla about 3 cm. long, 7 mm.
broad at mouth, red (?), sparingly and minutely pubescent, the upper
lip erect, arched, about 7 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 2-lobed, the lobes
oval, about 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip
3-lobed nearly to the base, the lobes subequal, about 5 mm. long,
rounded; capsules 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, 4 or 5 mm. thick, blunt
at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely punctate.

A
4. AY HEN i f tr j
ws We +g ',
< . _ Ake pe:
RAS Ae pe
Lee
if

b

Ficure 43.—A phelandra mutisti Leonard (a, Mutis 1943; b-f, Triana s. n.): a, Tip of plant,
showing leaf blades and inflorescence; }, interpetiolar bract; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx
segment; f, upper half of corolla. (a, ¢-f, Natural size; b, twice natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 15625383, collected in
Colombia by J. C. Mutis (No. 1943). Triana s. n. (NY, US), col-
lected near Pasto, Department of Narifio, Colombia, 2,500 meters
altitude, 1851-1857, is also of this species.

Aphelandra mutisii can be easily distinguished from other Colom-
bian tooth-leaved species of Aphelandra by the spiny bracts and the
soft, tawny pubescence of the lower surface of the leaf blades and
stems. Named for José Celestino Mutis, an early Spanish collector of
Colombian plants.

138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3. Aphelandra euopla Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 44

Suffrutex spinosus, caulibus sursum subtomentosis, deorsum gla-
bratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, coriacea, glabra, in costa
et venis prominentibus parce pubescens, marginibus serrato-dentatis,
dentibus triangularibus, spina acuta patula terminatis; bracteae inter-
petiolares ovatae vel suborbiculares, serrato-dentatae, spinosae; spica
terminalis vel subterminalis, rhache brunneo-puberula; bracteae lance-
olatae, coriaceae, subcarinatae, costa prominente, spina terminata;
calycis segmenta subaequalia, chartacea, lanceolata, apice abrupte
acuta, plus minusve dentata, glabra, parce ciliolata, apice spina ter-
minata; corolla apice lutea, basi aurantiaca, minute pubescens, tubo
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, bilobato, inferiore patulo trilobato,
lobis ovalibus vel triangularibus; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubby, thorny plants up to 2 meters high; stems subtomentose
toward tips, glabrate below; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 6 to 7 em.
long, 2 to 8 cm. wide (the spines not included), coriaceous, glabrous
or the costa and veins (10 or 12 pairs) bearing a few weak hairs, the
margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 2 to 5 mm. high, ending
in sharp spreading spines up to 5 mm. long, the upper surface bright
green, drying light olive-green, the lower surface drying dark olive-
green, the venation very prominent, especially on the lower surface,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins; petioles up to 5 mm.
long, rather sparingly pilose; interpetiolar bracts ovate or suborbicu-
lar, 8 to 5 mm. long and wide, serrate-dentate, the teeth terminating in
spines, the terminal one as much as 7 mm. long; flowers borne in ter-
minal and subterminal spikes 5 to 7 cm. long and about 2 em. broad
(the corollas excluded), the peduncles (about 8 mm. long) and rachis
brown-puberulous; bracts lanceolate, about 20 mm. long including the
terminal spine (2.5 mm, long), 4 mm. wide, acute, coriaceous, sparing-
ly ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the costa prominent; bractlets narrowly
lanceolate, 12 mm. long, including the terminal spine (2.5 to 2 mm.
long), 2mm. wide, acuminate, subcarinate, coriaceous, the costa promi-
nent, terminating in a spine about 3 mm. long; calyx 1 em. long, the
segments subequal, chartaceous, lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide, abruptly
acute and at least some of them minutely dentate near tip (2 to 4 teeth),
all terminating in a spine about 1 mm. long, glabrous or bearing a few
minute hairs and sparingly ciliolate; corollas 4.5 em. long, yellow
distally, orange proximally (Cuatrecasas), finely pubescent, the hairs
segmented, up to 0.5 mm. long or a few of them slightly longer, the
tube slightly curved, 3 mm, broad at base, narrowed at about 5 mm.
above base to 2.5 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to 5.5 mm., the
throat 6 mm. broad, the portion from about 1.5 cm. above base to
mouth tubular, the upper lip obovate, erect, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide
at base, 4mm. wide near tip, emarginate, the lobes triangular, obtuse,
sometimes bilobed at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, more or less spreading,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 139

the lobes oval, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the sinuses
rounded; stamens and pistil terminating at tip of upper corolla lip,
the filaments glabrous except at juncture with connective, here dorsally
pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; anthers 5 mm. long, pilose at tip;
style glabrous; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900471, collected at
Cuchilla de Barragan, valley of Rio Bugalagrande, Department of
El Valle, Colombia, 3,300 to 3,320 meters altitude, March 20, 1946,
by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 20236).

Ficure 44.—Aphelandra euopla Leonard (Cuairecasas 20236): a, Node with leaf, branch
of inflorescence, and uppermost interpetiolar bracts; , interpetiolar bract from lower
node; ¢, tip of terminal spike; d, bract, ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, lateral
segment; h, anterior segment. (All natural size.)

Distantly related to A phelandra cirsioides Lindau, of Ecuador and
Peru, A. euopla can be separated readily from this by its relatively
broader leaf blades and larger (20 cm. long) entire bracts. The leaf
blades of A. cirsiotdes are rarely over 2 cm. wide and the bracts are
only 15 mm. long and spiny-margined. The name euopla (evordos)
means well-armed, in allusion to the spiny character of the plant.

140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

4. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard, sp. nov. FiguRE 45

Frutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, apice
acuta, basi angustata, leviter incisa, lobis ascendentibus, serratis, denti-
bus spinis parvis, acutis, fulvis armatis, utrinque hirsuta, pilis plus
minusve appressis, subtus pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venu-
lis crasse reticulatis; petioli glabri vel subglabri; bracteae interpetio-
lares minutae, spinis acutis fulvo-hirsutis vel subglabratis armatae;
spica terminalis plus minusve laxa, rhache strigosa ; bracteae acumina-
tae, serratae, dentibus spinis parvis armatis, strigosae (intus solum api-
cem versus), venis prominentibus; bracteolae lanceolatae, apice acutae,
extus dense hirsutae, ciliatae, obscure nervatae; calycis segmenta ob-
longo-ovata vel obovata, apice rotundata, mucronata, dentata, ali-
quando dense subappresso-pubescentia, ciliata; capsulae oblongae, sub-
obtusae, glabrae, minute punctatae; retinacula apice late cucullata.

Shrubs; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 22 cm.
Jong and 5 cm. wide, acute, narrowed at base, shallowly incised, the
lobes ascending, about 5 mm. long and 15 mm. broad, the veins excur-
rent, terminating in small, sharp, yellowish spines up to 2 mm. long,
the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
appressed, hirsute beneath, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins
(about 20 pairs), the venation moderately conspicuous, the veinlets
coarsely reticulate beneath; petioles up to 3.5 em. long, glabrous or
nearly so; interpetiolar bracts minute, consisting mainly of 3 to 6
sharp, yellowish, hirsute or glabrous, radiating spines from 1 to 6 mm.
long; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes up to 25 cm. long and
about 3 cm. broad, these rather lax, especially below, the rachis up-
wardly strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; bracts triangular, up to
15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate, rather distantly serrate
(about 6 pairs of teeth), the veins excurrent, terminating in spines up
to 0.0 mm. long, the upper half strigose on both surfaces, the hairs
about 175 u long, the lower half glabrous, the costa and 1 or 2 pairs of
nerves prominent; bractlets lanceolate, up to 9 mm. long and 3 mm.
wide at base, obscurely nerved, rather densely hirsute without, ciliate,
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx supported by thick calluses, the seg-
ments oblong-ovate or obovate, 12 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded,
mucronate and dentate at tip (usually 2 pairs of minute teeth), ciliate,
the outer surface and upper part of the inner surface minutely and
rather densely pubescent, the hairs up to 125 » long, appressed ; corollas
not seen ; capsules purple, oblong, obtusish at apex, 5mm. broad at base,
7.5 mm. broad at middle, 3.5 mm. thick, glabrous, minutely punctate;
immature seed glabrous; retinacula 3 mm. long, the tips broadly
cucullate.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
in forest, east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia, 1,800 to 2,300

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 141

meters altitude, August 1-8, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and F. W. Pennell
(No. 891). Isotype in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1041528.

Ficure 45.—Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard (Rusby €F Pennell 891): a, Node showing
strongly reflexed leaf; b, node showing large leaf scars and interpetiolar bracts; c, portion
of leaf blade (under side) to show venation and pubescence; d, interpetiolar bract; ¢,
portion of spike to show calyx and fruit; f, bract; g, bractlet; A, posterior calyx segment;
i, one of the lateral segments; j, one of the anterior segments. (a, ¢, Half natural size;
d, twice natural size; b, ¢, f-j, natural size.)

Aphelandra porphyrocarpa is probably nearest A. acanthus but dif-
fers from it chiefly in the more spiny bracts (6 pairs of teeth instead
of 4), the shallowly incised leaf blades, the glabrous stems, and the

142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

relatively short, densely hirsute calyx segments, these with tips

rounded, apiculate and erose-dentate. The specific epithet is from the

Greek ropdipa, purple, and xapzoés, fruit.

5. Aphelandra acanthus Nees

Aphelandra acanthus Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 802. 1847. Type collected in Quindio,

Tolima, Colombia, by Humboldt (No. 5836). Type material in the Willdenow
and Berlin herbaria. Photograph of the Berlin specimen in the U. S.
National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8695). Acanthus (dxavréa,
thorny) is a generic name given by Linnaeus to a group of plants confined
originally to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World and char-
acterized by large spiny leaves and 1-lipped corollas.

Coarse suffrutescent herbs up to 8 meters high; stems fleshy (at
least the upper portions), hirsute to subtomentose, the hairs yellowish,
about 0.5 mm. long, upwardly appressed or some of them more or
Jess spreading, the lower portions of the stems glabrate; leaf blades
oblong, up to 25 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, acute to acuminate at tip,
narrowed at base, thin, pinnatifid, the lobes triangular, 2 to 5.5 em.
from sinus to tip, ascending, the margins rather sparingly serrate-
dentate, the teeth triangular, 3 or 4 mm. long, the excurrent veins
terminating in sharp spines up to 5 mm. long, both surfaces hirsute,
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins, appressed, 0.5 to 0.75
mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about 20 pairs) rather promi-
nent, the veinlets coarsely and reticulately anastomosing; petioles up
to 4 cm. long, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; interpetiolar
bracts small, ovate, up to 4 mm. long, the nerves thick, terminating in
3 to 6 sharp, straight, yellowish, spreading or retrorse spines 2 to 10
min. long, these hirsute or glabrate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long;
flowers numerous, borne in simple, compact, terminal spikes up to
about 20 em. long and 2.5 to 3 cm. broad (excluding corollas), the
pubescence of the rachis like that of the stems; bracts triangular-
ovate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide at base, acuminate, rather
sparingly hirsute, the hairs more numerous on the outer surface
than on the inner, the margins bearing about 3 pairs of low teeth,
these and the tip terminated by sharp, yellowish, ascending, sparingly
hirsute spines up to 2.5 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, about 8 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the
costa excurrent, terminating in a small spine (0.5 mm. long), spar-
ingly and minutely pubescent without, glabrous within, the margins
ciliolate; calyx segments oblong-ovate, about 1 em. long and 4.5 to 5
mm. wide, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip, striate-nerved, except
the thin margins, sparingly and minutely pubescent without, glabrous
within, ciliate, each segment terminated by a slender spine up to 1.5
mm. long; corollas 3.4 to 4 em. long (from base to tip of upper lip),
yellow, sparingly to rather densely tomentose or subtomentose except
the glabrous basal portion, the hairs whitish, up to 0.75 mm. long, the

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 143

tube oblique, curved, 5 to 7 mm. broad at base, narrowed at from 3
to 8 mm. above base to 4 mm. broad, thence enlarged to 10 mm. at
mouth, the upper lip erect, 15 to 18 mm. long, about 7 mm. wide
near base, the lobes obovate, about 8 mm. long and 4.5 to 6.5 mm. wide,
rounded, often mucronate, the lower lip more or less spreading, the
lobes oval, 7 to 10 mm. long, about 6 mm. wide, rounded or shallowly
emarginate; anthers reaching or slightly exceeding the upper lip,
the filaments sparingly pilose toward tip, the anthers 7 mm. long,
2.5 mm. broad, apiculate at base, glabrous; ovary glabrous.

Found at altitudes from 2,200 to 2,400 meters, growing in clearings
or wooded gullies. There seems to be no special flowering season.
The stinging property mentioned by Killip and Varela (No. 34685)
is unique for the family. Cuatrecasas (No. 23321) gives the following
notes: “Arbusto o arbolito 3 met. Hoja verde clara brillante haz,
verde palida envés. Caliz verde. Corola amarilla.” Endemic.

€

Catpas: Banks of the Rio Ottin, above Pefias Blancas, Cuatrecasas 23321 (US).
Alaska, above Salento, Pennell 9704 (GH, US).

Totima: Mediaci6n, Quindfo, André 2047 (K). Along the Quindio Highway
between Cajamarca and summit of Divide, Killip € Varela 34685 (US). El
Libano to Murillo, Alto de Pefiones, Garcia-Barriga 12273 (US). La Palmilla,
Quindio, Triana s.n. (NY).

6. Aphelandra phobera Leonard, sp. noy. Ficure 46

Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus spinosis, minute strigosis vel
subtomentosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, basi angus-
tata, marginibus leviter incisis, lobis triangularibus, ascendentibus,
serratis, dentibus triangularibus, spinis acutis fulvis armatis, utrinque
hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, venulis reticulatis; petioh
strigosi; bracteae interpetiolares ovatae, spinis (8-10) acutis, fulvis,
radiatis, plus minusve strigosis armatae; spica terminalis, magna,
densa vel deorsum laxa; bracteae lanceolatae vel oblongo-ovatae, extus
parce hirsutae, intus glabrae, venosae, serratae, dentibus acutis ar-
matae; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, hirsutae, apice spina parva
terminatae; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata, apice abrupte acu-
minata, extus dense hirsuta, ciliata; corolla magna, flava, extus dense
hirsuta, pilis fulvis, tubo subcylindrico curvato, labio superiore erecto,
lobis oblongo-obovatis, rotundatis, emarginatis, labio inferiore patulo,
lobis obovatis, rotundatis, integris vel mucronatis; stamina glabra;
ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs or small trees up to 3 meters high; stems spiny, minutely
strigose to subtomentose, the hairs yellowish, up to 0.75 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 50 em. long and 15 em. wide, acute,
narrowed at base, shallowly incised, the lobes triangular, ascending,
up to 3 cm. long from sinus to tip, the margins mode rately serrate,
the teeth triangular, up to 5 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, these and the

228609—53--—3

144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

tip armed with sharp, yellowish spines up to 5 mm. long, both surfaces
hirsute, the hairs yellowish, appressed or ascending, 0.75 mm, long,
denser on the costa and veins (about 20 pairs), the venation rather
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles 1 to 6 cm. long,
the pubescence that of the stems; interpetiolar bracts ovate, up to 5
mm. long and broad, armed with 8 to 10 sharp, yellowish, radiating,
strigose or glabrous spines, these varying from 1 to 25 mm. in length;
flowers numerous, borne in simple terminal spikes up to 30 cm. long
and 8 to 4 cm. broad (exclusive of corollas), these dense, or lax toward
base ; bracts lanceolate to oblong-ovate, up to 30 mm. long and 15 mm.
wide (the lowermost somewhat longer, and relatively narrowed, re-
sembling small leaf blades), acute, ending in a sharp, yellowish, spine
2 mm. long, sparingly hirsute without, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,
glabrous within, veiny, the margins serrate, the 4 to 9 pairs of teeth
0.5 mm. high and 1 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide, acuminate, hirsute except the glabrous lower por-
tion of the inner surface, striate-nerved, tipped by a spine 1.5 mm.
long; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 13 to 14 mm. long, 4.5 to 6
mm. wide, abruptly acuminate and tipped by spines 0.5 to 1 mm. long,
ciliate, the outer surface densely hirsute, the hairs ascending, about
0.5 mm. long, the hairs toward base gland-tipped, the inner surface
glabrous except toward tip, the costa and veins obscured by the pubes-
cence ; corolla yellow, up to 6 cm. long (from base to tip of upper lip),
densely hirsute except glabrous basal portion, the hairs ascending,
yellowish, 0.5 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, curved, 1 cm. broad at
base, narrowed to 6 mm. at 1 cm. above base, thence gradually enlarged,
the throat about 11 mm. broad, the upper lip erect, 2 cm. long, the
lobes oblong-obovate, 15 mm. long, up to 8 mm. wide, rounded and
emarginate, the lower lip spreading, the lobes obovate, 11 or 12 mm.
long and broad, rounded, entire or minutely mucronate; stamens
reaching the upper lip of the corolla, or slightly exceeding it, gla-
brous, the anthers 1 cm. long and 3 mm. broad, the basal lobe rounded ;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853810, collected along
the Rio Cali, between Puente de los Carpatos and La Margarita, De-
partment of El Valle, Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, November 2,
1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 18484). An isotype is also in the U. S.
National Herbarium, No. 1853811.

Cauca: Canaan, Mount Puracé, Killip 6796 (US). San José, San Antonio,
Pennell & Killip 7392 (US). Crest of Cordillera Occidental, west of Tambo,
ITaught 5174 (US).

Putumayo: La Cabafia, Cuatrecasas 11631 (US).

DEPARTMENT (?): Mutig 1944,

Closely related to Aphelandra acanthus, A. phobdera is characterized
by its larger, shallowly incised leaf blades, its larger and more spiny

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 145

interpetiolar bracts, longer spikes, longer and more spiny bracts,
longer and more densely pubescent calyx segments, and larger corollas.
The filaments, moreover, are strictly glabrous instead of sparingly
pilose, as in A. acanthus.

Ficure 46.— Aphelandra phobera Leonard (a-d, Cuatrecasas 11631; e-1, Cuatrecasas 18484)
a, Node showing leaf and interpetiolar bracts; }, interpetiolar bract; c, portion of unde
surface of leaf blades to show venation; d, portion of spike; ¢, bract; f, bractlet; g, pos
terior calyx segment; h, one of the lateral segments; 1, one of the anterior segments
(a, d, Half natural size; 6, c, e-1, natural size.)

Aphelandra phobera is a forest plant frequenting the upper moun-
tain slopes and summits at altitudes ranging from 2,000 to 3,100
meters. The type is accompanied by the following notes: “Hierba
robusta 1-3 m. Tallo verde espinoso. Ramas id. verdes o verde
rosadas. Bracteas verde claro. Caliz amarillo verdoso violaceo
claro. Corola vivo amarillo. Hoja verde grisacea en el haz.” The
specific name is derived from the Greek ¢ofepés, frightful, in allusion
to the numerous sharp spines. .

146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

7. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 47

Suffrutex spinosus, caulibus sursum minute strigosis, deorsum
glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, incisa, dentibus et seg-
mentis spinis acutis terminatis, parce strigosa; petioli parce strigosi;
bracteae interpetiolares triangulares, parvae, spinis 2 acutis inaequa-
libus armatae; spicae terminales et laterales; bracteae ovatae, acumi-
natae, spinoso-dentatae, parce strigosae et ciliatae; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acuminatae, integrae, parce strigosae, ciliatae, apice spina
parva terminatae; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata, puberula,
ciliata, spina parva terminata; corolla rubra, plus minusve dense
hirtella, tubo cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, bilobato, lobis rotun-
datis, emarginatis, labio inferiore patulo, trilobo, lobis rotundatis;
ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters high or more; stems glabrate
below, strigose toward tip, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic in outline, up to 25 em. long and 12 em. wide, acute
to acuminate at apex and terminated by a yellowish spine 0.75 to 2
mm. long, narrowed at base, deeply incised, the lobes triangular to
oblong, up to 7 cm, long, each lobe terminated by a small yellowish
spine (1 to 2 mm. long), the entire margin serrate, the teeth 1 to 4
mm. high and broad, all spine-tipped, the upper surface sparingly
strigose or the costa and veins (about 20 pairs) more densely so, the
hairs about 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface more densely strigose,
the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, those of the costa and veins appressed
or ascending, the venation of the lower surface more prominent than
that of the upper; interpetiolar bracts triangular, about 4 mm. long,
bearing a pair of stout spines, one about 1 cm. long, the other 2 to
3 mm. long; spikes terminal and axillary, up to 10 em. long and about
2 cm. broad, the rachis sparingly strigose; bracts about 2 em. long
and 8 mm. wide, acuminate, terminated by a spine about 1 mm. long,
the inner surface glabrous, the outer surface rather sparingly strigose,
the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the margins ciliate, bearing 1 to 4 pairs of
spine-tipped teeth, the spines 1 to 2 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate,
about 17 mm. long and 3 mm. wide near base, acuminate, terminated
by a spine 1 mm. long, striate-nerved, the inner surface glabrous, the
outer rather sparingly strigose, ciliate, the margins usually entire;
calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 23 to 25 mm. long, 3.5 to 5 mm. wide,
minutely strigose, the inner surface only so toward tip, the hairs
about 125 » long, the margins thin, sparingly and minutely dentate;
corolla 4 cm. long, red, rather densely hirsute except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long, ascending, the tube 4 mm.
broad near base, slightly contracted above the ovary, thence enlarged
to 7 mm. and again contracted at mouth to 5 mm., the upper lip erect,
o mm. long and 3 to 5 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes 3 mm. long and

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 147

9.5 mm. wide, rounded, emarginate, the lower lip more or less spread-
ing, about 4 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 3.5 mm. long and
broad, rounded, the middle lobe flat; stamens reaching the mouth of
the corolla tube, the anthers 5 to 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, the fila-
ments triangular in cross section, glabrous toward tip, strigose toward
base; pistil glabrous.

Type in the Stockholm Herbarium, collected in virgin forests at
La Plata, Department of Huila, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude,
March 20, 1939, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 2649). A fragment of
the type is in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1907334, Cuatre-

Ficure 47.—Aphelandra huilensis Leonard (Cuairecasas 23462): a, Node showing leaf,
interpetiolar bracts and lower branch of panicle; 6, interpetiolar bract; c¢, lobe of leaf blade
(under side); d, tip of spike; e, bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of the
lateral segments; 7, one of the anterior segments. (a, d, Half natural size; b, twice
natural size; c, e-i, natural size.)

casas’ No. 23462, collected along the Rio San José, at Aguabonita, in
the region of Moscopin, Department of El Cauca, Colombia, 2,280
meters altitude, January 30, 1947, is of this species.

Related to Aphelandra acanthus, A. huilensis can be recognized
readily when compared with that species by its red, hirsute corolla.
In A. acanthus, the corollas are yellow and densely and softly pubes-
cent or tomentose. The species is named for the Department of Huila.

On the label accompanying his specimen (No. 23462) Cuatrecasas
vives the following description : “Sufrutex robusto, erguido, espinoso.
Hoja verde glauco claro. Caliz rojizo. Corola roja. Anteras
amarillas,”

148 CONTRIBUTIONS ‘FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

8. Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 48

Suffrutex erectus, robustus, caulibus tenuiter tomentosis; lamina
foliorum oblanceolata, acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decur-
rens, subcrassa, pubescens, marginibus serrato-dentatis vel deorsum
incisis, lobis late triangularibus, dentibus spina parva terminatis;
petioli pubescentes, pilis appressis; bracteae interpetiolares orbicu-
lares, 8-dentatae, dentibus spina acuta terminatis; panicula laxa, ter-
minalis, rhache tenuiter tomentosa, pulverulenta, purpurea; bracteae
triangulares, acuminatae, puberulae, ciliolatae, purpureae; bracteolae
triangulares, apice acuminatae, purpureae; calycis segmenta acuta vel
submucronulata, ciliolata, obscure puberula, punctata; corolla cylin-
drica, minute pubescens, rubra, labio superiore obovato, labio inferi-
ore 3-lobato, lobo medio cucullato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis,
emarginatis; antherarum connectivum acute carinatum; ovarium
elabrum.

Shrubby, up to 3 meters high, erect, robust; stems thinly tomentose;
leaf blades oblanceolate, 17 to 85 cm. long, 5.5 to 18 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, gradually narrowed from above middle to the base and decurrent
on the petiole, rather fleshy, flexible, the margins serrate-dentate or
the lower leaves shallowly incised, the lobes broadly triangular, up
to 1 em. long, about 6 on each side, these again sparingly and dis-
tantly serrate-dentate, the vein at the tip of each tooth terminating in
a spine about 1 mm. long, the upper surface green, drying dark olive,
the lower surface drying light olive, both surfaces sparingly pubes-
cent, the hairs weak and appressed, about 0.5 mm. long, more numer-
ous on the margins of the costa of the upper surface than elsewhere,
the costa and veins (about 18 pairs) prominent; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, appressed-pubescent ; interpetiolar bracts orbicular, about 3 mm.
long and broad, 38 to 5-toothed, the teeth terminating in stout spines
0.5 to 1 mm. long; flowers borne in spikes, these forming loose terminal
panicles about 22 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, the branches of the
panicles (up to 3.5 cm. long) and the rachises thinly tomentose, bright
powdery purple; bracts triangular, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, acuminate,
puberulous, ciliolate, purple; bractlets triangular, 7 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide at base, carinate, acuminate, puberulous, purple; calyx 6 mm.
long, the segments oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, acute to
submucronate, ciliolate, dorsally punctate and obscurely puberulous,
purple; corollas about 5 cm. long, minutely pubescent, red or orange-
red (Cuatrecasas), 4 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above
base to 2.5 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to 5 or 6 mm., the
cylindric portion of the tube usually curved, the upper lip obovate,
11 mm. long, barely 5 mm. wide near tip, obtuse, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the middle lobe 5 mm. long and about 3 mm. wide, cucullate, the lateral
lobes ovate, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, rounded, emarginate; stamens

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 149

and pistil reaching tip of lower lip, glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long,
the connective sharply keeled, rounded at tip; ovary glabrous; ma-

ture capsule not seen.

Ficure 48.—Aphelandra porphyrolepis Leonard (Cuatrecasas 22283): a, Node showing
leaf and interpetiolar bracts; b, interpetiolar bract; c, lobe of large leaf showing venation
(lower surface); d, branch of panicle; ¢, bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment;
h, one of the lateral segments; 7, one of the anterior segments; J, corolla; k, anther.
(a, d, Half natural size; b, ¢, f, &, twice natural size; c, j, natural size; g-t, one and a half

times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900486, collected on
Mount Tabor, above Las Brisas, Department of El Valle, Colombia,
1,970 to 2,100 meters, October 19, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 22283).

150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Aphelandra porphyrolepis is a well-marked species easily recog-
nized by its purple, thinly tomentose inflorescence and the large den-
tate or shallowly incised leaves. The carinate connectives of the
stamens and the strongly cucullate middle lobe of the lower lip of the
corolla seem to be unique in the genus. The specific epithet is derived
from the Greek words zop¢ipa, purple, and Aems, scale or bract.

9. Aphelandra quercifolia Nees
Aphelandra quercifolia Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 302. 1847. Type collected at
“Quindio la Palmita,’ Department of El Valle, Colombia, November, by
Goudot. Type in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.

Herbs; leaves oblong, acuminate, long-cuneate at base and decurrent
on the petiole, remotely and coarsely sinuate-dentate, the teeth mucro-
nate, both surfaces glabrous, the base of the petiole unarmed ; flowers
borne in spineless spikes; bracts lanceolate, reflexed, longer than the
ovate calyx lobes; corolla smooth, the throat subinflated, the upper lip
longer than the lower.

Not seen. Description compiled from the original. In his observa-
tions, Nees states that this species is closely related to 4. runcinata
but differs from that in having a shorter corolla with the upper part.
relatively broader and smooth instead of rugose, and in its unarmed
stems.

10. Aphelandra lyrata Nees
Aphelandra lyrata Nees, DC. Prodr, 11: 302. 1847. Three varieties are de-
scribed by Nees: a latibractea, collected in Peru by McLean (Hooker Her-
barium) ; 8 lazior, Matthews No. 782 collected in Peru; and y arguta, col-

lected by Lobb in “Colombia.” * Zyrata, lyrate or pinnatifid, alludes to the
pinnatifid leaf blades.

Stems erect, loosely pilose, often purple; leaf blades lyrate-pin-
natifid, up to 30 cm. long, the sinuses rounded or obtuse, the segments
ovate, angulate-dentate, the teeth mucronulate, unarmed, both surfaces
laxly pilose; flowers borne in a terminal peduncled spike, the peduncle
varying from long to short, laxly pilose; spikes 7 to 13 em. long, more
or less lax; bracts ovate to oblong, more or less dentate toward tip:
bractlets linear-lanceolate, entire; corolla about 4 em. long, glandular-
pubescent, red, the lips about equal, 3-lobed, the lobes rounded ;
stamens glabrous.

No Colombian specimens seen. Description based partly on the
original and partly on a specimen collected by the Wilkes Expedition
at Obrajillo, Peru.

‘This is probably one of the many specimens collected by Lobb in Peru and
erroneously ascribed to Colombia (see Killip, “The botanical collections of
William Lobb in Colombia,” Smiths, Misc. Coll. 87, No. 11. 19382).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 151

11. Aphelandra crispata Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 49

Suffrutex, caulibus sursum parce hirsutis, deorsum glabris; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice acuminata, basi angustata, oblique
truneata vel subcordata, marginibus grosse serratis, dentibus acutis,
supra parce strigosa, subtus aliquanto dense pilosa, pilis ascendenti-
bus vel subappressis, costa et venis prominentibus; petioli breves
glabri vel parce hirsuti; spica terminalis, solitaria, pedunculata,
vhache glabra: bracteae oblongo-ovatae, apice subobtusae, apiculatae,
purpureae, coriaceae, glabrae, crispatae vel contortae, marginibus
subhyalinis; bracteolae oblongae, acutae, basi carinatae, obliquae.
glabrae, marginibus subhyalinis; caleycis segmenta oblongo-lanceo-
lata, acuta, glabra, marginibus subhyalinis; corolla lutea, dense
pubescens vel subtomentosa, labio superiore ovato, apice minute bilo-
bato, lobis rotundis, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobo medio cordato, ob-
tuso, lobis lateralibus lanceolatis; ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent herbs; stems glabrous below, the upper portions spar-
ingly hirsute, the hairs spreading, about 1 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, up to 40 cm. long and 14 em. wide, acuminate, nar-
rowed from middle or slightly above middle to a very narrow, obliquely
truncate or subcordate base 1 em. wide, the veins terminating in broad
teeth 1 to 3 mm. high and 2 to 2.5 em. apart, the upper surface spar-
ingly strigose, the hairs about 1.25 mm. long, the lower surface rather
densely pilose, the hairs brownish, 0.75 to 1.25 mm. long, subappressed,
those of the costa and veins (about 20 pairs) spreading horizontally,
the venation prominent but more so beneath than above; petioles about
5 mmn. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute ; spikes solitary, terminal,
up to 11 em, long and 5 cm. broad, moderately dense, the peduncle
about 5 mm. long, hirsute, subtended by a pair of lanceolate, acumi-
nate, leaflike bracts about 2.5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, the rachis
glabrous; bracts oblong-ovate, up to 4.5 cm. long and 17.5 mm. wide,
obtusish at apex and minutely apiculate, livid purple, coriaceous,
glabrous, noticeably crisped or twisted, closely veined, the margins
subhyaline; bractlets oblong, 14 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide at middle,
acute, carinate and oblique at base, glabrous, the margins entire, sub-
hyaline; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, the posterior segment 16
mm. long and 4mm. wide, the anterior pair 16 mm. long and 3.5 mm.
wide, the lateral pair 13 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, all acute, glabrous,
their margins subhyaline; corolla (immature) canary yellow, densely
pubescent or subtomentose, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the upper lip shorter
than the middle lobe of the lower lip, ovate, minutely 2-lobed at tip, the
lobes rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe cordate, obtuse,
the lateral lobes lanceolate, slightly shorter than the middle one;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 179548, collected in
wet forest of Quebrada del Rio Afan, near Mocoa, Comisaria de
Putumayo, Colombia, 570 to 680 meters, December 27, 1940, by J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 11352).

Ficure 49.—A phelandra crispata Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11352): a, Spike and lower portion
of leaf (lower surface); b, upper portion of leaf blade (upper surface); ¢, bractlet; d,
posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the lateral segments; f, one of the anterior segments.
(a, b, Half natural size; cf, natural size.)

Apparently unrelated to any other Colombian species, A phelandra
erispata can be recognized readily by its large oblong-elliptic leaves
with their coarsely serrate margins, bright yellow corollas, and large
coriaceous, crisped, livid purple bracts. It is impossible to state

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 153

the dimensions of the mature corolla from the herbarium material
examined. The name crispata alludes to the crisped, curled bracts.

12. Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbr.

Aphelandra arnoldii Mildbr. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 63. 1930. Type
collected in damp humus on wooded mountain slope at San Lorenzo, De-
partment of Magdalena, Colombia, 2,150 meters altitude, February 1927,
by Dr. Arnold Schultze (No. 771) and deposited in the Berlin Herbarium.
Photograph of the Berlin type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 8697.

Herbs; stem short; roots long and numerous, extending apparently
a little above the ground; leaf blades subrosulate, crowded, the blades
narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 15 to 30 cm. long, short-acuminate at
apex (the tip itself obtuse), long and narrowly decurrent on the petiole,
the upper surface short-appressed-pilose, the costa plane, the lateral
veins (15 to 17 pairs) forming angles of about 70 degrees, arcuate,
ascending; petioles 4 to 6 cm. long; flowers borne in spikes, the scape
axillary, about 25 cm. long, appressed-puberulous, extending above the
rosette of leaves, the spike itself 5 to 8 cm. long; bracts erect-spreading,
scarcely imbricate, lanceolate, 6 to 8 mm. long, barely 2 mm. wide,
acute but scarcely pungent, ciliate, the hairs erect-spreading, the
margins rarely bearing a few minute teeth, the internodes about 5 mm.
long; bractlets similar to the bracts but only 4 mm. long and slenderly
subulate-acute; calyx segments thinly scarious, pale, lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long, the interior ones a little shorter
than the others and noticeably narrower; corolla bright rosy, the tube
narrowly cylindric, suberect, about 1 cm. long, the lobes of the lower
lip broadly rounded, broadly cuneate toward base, the middle one
7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, the lateral ones slightly smaller, the pos-
terior pair much smaller (2.5 to 4 mm. long) ; stamens included, sub-
equal, the filaments affixed a little above the middle of the corolla tube,
the anthers oblong, obtuse, their tips cohering; ovary 1.5 mm. long.
Not seen. Description compiled from the original. Known only
from type material.
13. Aphelandra parviflora Leonard
Aphelandra parviflora Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sct. 25: 439. 19385.
Type collected in the region of Mount Chapén, Department of Boyacé,
Colombia, June 10, 1932, by A. EB. Lawrance (No. 201) and deposited in the
Kew Herbarium. Isotypes are in the herbaria of the Missouri (No.
1039195) and the New York Botanical Gardens, and in the U. 8. National
Herbarium, No. 1572318. Lawrance’s No. 291, collected in the same general
region and deposited in the Kew Herbarium, is also this species. Photo-
graphs of it and the type are in the U. S. National Herbarium.

Herbs; stems 10 cm. high, or more, ascending, rooting at the lower
nodes, strigose; leaves usually several, the blades oblong, up to 25 cm.
long and 18 cm. wide, elliptic, obtuse or obtusish at apex, cuneate at
base and decurrent on the petioles, entire or undulate, purple beneath,

154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

sparingly strigillose, except the costa and lateral nerves (15 to 18
pairs), these strigose; petioles slender, up to 6 em. long, strigillose;
spikes slender, up to 13 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diameter, the peduncles
up to 12 cm. long, strigose, bearing a pair of bractlike leaves about 2 cm.
below the base of the spike; bracts rather loosely imbricate, erect-
spreading, elliptic, 1 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate, ending in
an obtuse tip, firm, veiny, sparingly strigose, bearing on each side
several erect-spreading teeth up to 1.5 mm. long; bractlets lance-
subulate, 3.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, thin, subhyaline, nerved ;
calyx segments narrowly oblong, acuminate, subequal, 5 to 6 mm.
long, the posterior one 2 mm. wide, the anterior pair 1.5 mm. wide.
the lateral pair 1 mm. wide, all subhyaline, striate-nerved, minutely
elandular-ciliolate; corolla pale yellow, 1 to 1.5 em. long, obliquely
funnel-form, minutely and sparingly pubescent, the tube 1 mm. broad
at base, about 4 mm. broad at mouth; limb about 8 mm. broad, the lips
equal, the upper one 2-lobed, 5.4 mm. wide, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes
orbicular, 4.5 mm. in diameter; stamens included,

The type was collected in a low thick forest 100 miles northwest of
Bogota, at an altitude of 3,500 feet. The plants were from 10 to 14
inches high, and very attractive. The flowers were yellow and
inodorous,

BoracA: Vicinity of Mount Chapén, Lawrance 201 (Kew, Mo, NY, US), 291
(Kew).

14. Aphelandra mollis (Nees) Leonard, nov. comb.

Lagochilium molle Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 292. 1847. Type collected in Colombia

by Goudot and deposited in the Hooker Herba rin, Kew.

Decumbent herb; stems about 3 mm. in diameter, at least the lower
portions fistulose, the ascending portion about 25 em. high, pilose, the
hairs sordid, upwardly appressed, up to or slightly exceeding 0.5 mm.
in length; leaf blades ovate, up to 11 cm. Jong and 6 em. wide, the
greatest width at about 14 the length of the blade from base, rather
vradually narrowed thence to the obtuse tip, obtuse, rounded, or shal-
lowly and obliquely cordate at base and narrowly decurrent on the
petiole nearly to the stem, thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous or sparingly appressed-pilose, minutely faveolate under lens,
the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) inconspicuous, arcuate, the
lower surface drying a lighter green than the upper, sparingly ap-
pressed-pilose; petioles up to 4.5 em. long, the pubescence similar to
that of the stems; flowers borne in 1 or 2 simple terminal spikes, the
peduncles up to 6 em. long, the rachis 4 to 6 em. long, pilose, the hairs
slender, sordid, appressed or ascending; bracts oblong-ovate, up to 14
mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acute to acutish, the tip itself obtuse, nar-
rowed at base, thin, glabrous or sparingly pilosulous, delicately and
inconspicuously veined, the margins minutely and distantly dentate

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 155

above middle, sparingly ciliolate, bractlets subulate, costate, subhy-
aline, ciliate; calyx 5 mm. long, the posterior segment broadly lanceo-
late, 1.25 mm. wide, obtuse and apiculate, the middle and anterior pairs
lanceolate, 1 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, all subhyaline, striate-
nerved, glabrous, ciliolate; corolla 22 mm. long, glabrous or minutely
and sparingly pubescent, a bright, soft yellow, the lower portion cylin-
dric, 1 mm. broad, the upper narrowly ampliate, about 5 min. broad
at mouth, the lobes subequal, 6 to 7 mm. long, the lower lobe about 6
mm. wide, the others about 8 mm. wide, all rounded, the margins un-
dulate; stamens 10 to 15 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
wide, contiguous at least at tip by a webby tomentum; capsules 1 em.
long, about 2 mm. broad, pointed at apex, glabrous, minutely punc-
tate, potentially 4-seeded, the seeds brown, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
about 1 mm. thick, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs brown, appressed
or ascending.

SANTANDER: Camp Mesa, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena
Valley, between Rio Sogamoso and Rfo Colorado, 100 to 500 meters altitude,
Haught 1497 (US).

Haught’s specimen was taken on January 9, 1935, from a suffrutes-
cent plant producing a running woody rhizome and growing along a
stream in rich alluvial soil. The flowers were bright yellow and very
showy.

15. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 50

Herba, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acum1-
nata, basi angustata, membranacea, integra, glabra, costa et venis
lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus; petioli glabri; inflorescentia ter-
minalis, trifurcata, pedunculis puberulis, bracteis patulis vel ascenden-
tibus, aliquanto distantibus, rhachis puberula ; bracteae ovatae, acutae,
membranaceae, glabrae, ciliatae, prope apicem par dentium parvorum
ferentes, costa prominente; bracteolae oblique lanceolatae, acutae, sub-
hyalinae, ciliatae, costa prominente ; calycis segmenta parva, lanceo-
lata, acuta, subhyalina, ciliolata; corolla parva (7 mm. longa),
puberula, roseo-caerulea, tubo gracili, labio superiore ovato, obtuso,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobis obovatis, obtusis, ciliatis; stamina in-
clusa, antheris apice acutis, pilosis, cohaerentibus, basi acutis, fila-
mentis minimis et gracilibus; ovarium glabrum; styli graciles; stigma
planum, lanceolatum, acutum.

Herbs; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm. long
and 6 em. wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, membranous, entire,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately
prominent; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in a
3-parted inflorescence, the peduncle up to 4 cm, long, minutely strigose,
the secondary peduncles 1 to 2 cm. long, slender, minutely strigose,
the spikes 2 to 4 em. long, dense, the bracts spreading or ascending, the

156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rachis puberulous, the internodes of the spikes up to 8 mm. long; bracts
subtending the secondary peduncles lanceolate, 12 to 15 mm. long, 2
to 5 mm. wide, those subtending the flower clusters (these sessile or
borne on puberulous peduncles up to 3 mm. long) ovate, 7 mm. long
and 4 mm. wide, acute, thin, glabrous, sparingly punctate (the puncta
appearing under microscope as small blunt projections), ciliate, the

Ficure 50.—A phelandra botanodes Leonard (Triana s. n., Novita): a, Node and lower leaf;
b, tip of plant; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior
segments; g, one of the lateral segments; fh, stamen; i, pistil. (a, 6, Half natural size;
c—g, twice natural size; A, six times natural size; 7, about four times natural size.)

margins bearing towards tip a small pair of teeth, the costa prominent;
bractlets obliquely lanceolate, carinate, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
acute, subhyaline, ciliate, the costa prominent; calyx 3 mm. long, the
segments lanceolate, acute, subhyaline, delicately nerved, the margins
sparingly ciliolate, the posterior segment 1 mm. wide, the anterior and
lateral segments slightly narrower; corolla puberulous, rose-blue
(“roseo-cianeis”) about 7 mm. long, the tube slender, 1 mm. broad at

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 157

base and throat, slightly wider above middle, the lips 3.5 mm. long, the
upper lip ovate, about 2 mm. broad, obtuse, the lower lip 3-parted, the
lobes divided nearly to base, obovate, about 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse,
ciliate; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers
about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, acute at both ends, pilose and
cohering at tip, the filaments slender, about 0.5 mm. long; ovary gla-
brous; style slender, 3 mm. long, the stigma flat, lanceolate, acute, 0.5
mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide.

Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected at Novita, De-
partment of Chocé, Colombia, 170 meters altitude, March, 1853, by
J. Triana, s. n.

Triana’s specimen (s. n., Col) collected at San Pablo, 100 meters
altitude, March 1853, may be of this species. It differs, however,
from the Novita specimen in having glabrous peduncles and lax spikes
with lanceolate undulate bracts.

Aphelandra botanodes belong to the Lagochilium group given
generic status by Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 290. 1847). These plants
are usually small and herbaceous, standing midway between
Aphelandra and Stenandrium. The name botanodes is the Greek
word gorayedns, meaning herbaceous.

16. Aphelandra silvicola Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 51

Herba, caulibus parce ramosis, nodis infimis radicantibus, strigosis,
pilis sursum appressis; Jamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, apice
obtusa vel subobtusa, in petiolum decurrenti-angustata, tenuis, integra,
utrinque parce strigosa, costa dense strigosa, juxta costam et venas alba
vel fulva; spica terminalis, rhache et pedunculo appresso-pubescenti-
bus; bracteae imbricatae, ovatae, apice acutae vel subobtusae, molliter
appresso-pubescentes ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, hyalinae,
glabrae, costa opaca pubescente excepta; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
subhyalina, minute parallelo-venosa, glanduloso-ciliata; corolla parce
pubescens, tubo angustato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa.

Herbs; stems ascending, sparingly branched, about 25 cm. high,
rooting at the lower nodes, upwardly strigose ; petioles up to 4 cm.
long, winged, strigose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse to obtusish at apex, narrowed at base,
thin, entire, both surfaces thinly strigose except the costa, this densely
so, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs)
banded by a narrow area of white or yellow; flowers borne in terminal,
peduncled spikes, these 2 cm. long and 1.5 em. broad, the peduncle 3
em. long, both peduncle and rachis appressed-pubescent ; bracts imbri-
cate, somewhat spreading, ovate, 1 cm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, acute or
obtusish at apex, bearing toward the tip 2 or 3 small triangular as-
cending teeth, 7-nerved, softly appressed-pubescent ; bractlets broadly
lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide, acuminate, hyaline and finely

158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

parallel-nerved, glabrous except the opaque pubescent costa; calyx
segments lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous, subhyaline, finely parallel-
nerved, minutely ciliolate with gland-tipped hairs, the posterior seg-
ment 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter,
1 mm. wide, the lateral pair 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide; corolla 2.5
cm. long, sparingly pubescent, the tube narrow, 2 mm. in diameter at
base, 4 mm. at throat, the lobes suborbicular, subequal, about 3 or 4
mm. long; stamens included; capsule not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
the primitive forest of El Tambo, La Costa, Department of Cauca,

fi
ia

Ficure 51.—A phelandra silvicola Leonard (von Sneidern 923): a, Tip of stem showing leaves
and inflorescence; 6, section of leaf blade (upper surface) to show veinlets; ¢, bract; d,
bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral
segments. (a, b, Natural size; c-g, twice natural size.)

Colombia, 800 meters altitude, July 31, 1936, by Kjell von Sneidern
(No. 923). Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbarium.

A remote relationship exists between A phelandra silvicola and
A. mollis (Nees) Leonard, as suggested by a similarity of size, growth
and character of the inflorescence. The two species should not be
confused, however, because of the ovate-cordate leaf blades of A.
mollis. 'The color of the corolla of A. silvicola is not apparent in the
dried herbarium material.

17, Aphelandra adscendens Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 52

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, parce strigosis, pilis sursum ap-
pressis, parce ramosis, nodis infimis radicans; lamina foliorum oblonga

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 159

vel obovata, apice rotundata vel abrupte breviter-acuminata, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, supra pilosa, pilis ascendentibus,
subtus strigosa, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis; petioli pu-
bescentes: spicae terminales et laterales, rhache et pedunculo fulvo-
strigosis; bracteae rhombeo-ovatae, breviter acuminatae, apice 1pso
obtuso, basi angustatae, extus dense pilosae, intus glabrae, marginibus
parce serratae, venis 5, parallelis, gracilibus; bracteolae lanceolatae,
carinatae, acutae, dorso pilosae, substriatae, marginibus subhyalinis,
parce ciliatis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, striato-nervata,
marginibus parce ciliatis; corolla parva, pallide incarnata, fauce flava,
minute glanduloso-puberula, lobis 5, rotundatis, minute crenatis;
antherae apice parce barbatae; filamenta gracilia, glabra; ovarium
glabrum apice piloso excepto.

Herbs; stems ascending, rooting at the base, sparingly branched,
about 4 mm. in diameter, rather sparsely strigose, the hairs upwardly
appressed, 0.75 mm. Jong; leaf blades oblong to oblanceolate, up to
25 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, rounded or abruptly narrowed into a
short obtusish tip about 2 mm. long, gradually narrowed from slightly
above the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire.
the upper surface drying brownish, pilose, the hairs ascending, up to
1.25 mm. long, the lower surface drying greenish, strigose, the hairs
appressed, about 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to costa and lateral
veins, these more prominent beneath than above ; petioles up to 3 cm.
long, the pubescence that of the blade; spikes terminal and lateral,
up to 5cm. long and 1 cm. broad, the peduncle slender, 2 to 3 cm. long,
rather densely strigose, the hairs yellowish, up to 1 mm. long, the
pubescence of the rachis the same as that of the peduncle; bracts
rhombic-ovate, 10.5 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed at base, the outer surface densely pilose, the
hairs 0.75 mm. long, subappressed, the margins just above the middle
of the bract bearing 3 pairs of small, ascending teeth (0.5 mm. long),
the inner surface glabrous, the five veins prominent but slender,
parallel; bractlets lanceolate, carinate, substriate, 7.5 mm. wide at
slightly below the middle, narrowly acute at tip, dorsally pilose, the
hairs up to 1 mm. long, ascending, the marginal region thin, sub-
hyaline, sparingly ciliate, the hairs minute, blunt; calyx segments
lanceolate, the posterior segment 6.5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide
near base, the anterior pair 6.25 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base,
the lateral pair 5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, all striate-nerved,
narrowed upwardly to a slender tip, the margins very sparingly ciliate,
the hairs minute, papilliform; corolla about 12 mm. long, pale pink
with yellow throat, minutely puberulous, the hairs gland-tipped, the
tube 1.5 mm. broad from base to 4 mm. above base, thence enlarged
to 3.25 mm. at throat, the lips equal, about 2 mm. long, the upper lip

4

228609—53

160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

about 4 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long, rounded,
the three lobes of the lower lip about 3 mm. long, rounded and
minutely crenate; stamens attached 4 mm. above the base of the corolla
tube, 6 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long and slightly over 0.5 mm.
wide, acute at base and sparingly bearded at tip, the filaments slender,
glabrous; ovary pilose at tip, the hairs ascending; style 8 mm. long,
slender, glabrous; capsule not seen.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at side of brook in the high
forest of El] Umbo (130 miles north of Bogota), Department of

Ficure 52.—A phelandra adscendens Leonard (Lawrance 680): a, Tip of plant showing leaves
and spike; b, portion of leaf blade to show veinlets; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx
segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, stamen; 1,
type of marginal hairs on bractlets and calyx segments. (a, b, Natural size; c—-A, twice
natural size; 1, about 64 times natural size.)

Boyaca, Colombia, about 1,000 meters altitude, March 17, 1933, by
A. E. Lawrance (No. 680). Fragment of type in the U. S. National
Herbarium, No. 1934972.

Aphelandra adscendens should be easily recognized by its ascending
habit, small size, and by the rather densely pilose inflorescence. It
has a superficial resemblance to Lindau’s Rhombochamys rosulata, but
that has a very short scape, rosulate leaves, glandular bracts and larger
flowers (the tube 12 mm. long instead of 6 mm., asin A. adscendens) .

18. Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard, sp. nov. FIcuRE 53

Herba, caulibus aliquanto hirtellis, pilis sursum appressis; folia ad
apicem caulis subconferta, laminis oblongo-ovatis vel oblongo-ellip-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 161

ticis, subacutis, basi angustatis, submembranaceis, integris vel undul-
atis, supra dense pilosis, pilis appressis, costa et venis lateralibus ob-
scuris, subtus adpresso-pilosis, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis ;
petioli aliquanto breves, dense pilosi, pilis ascendentibus; spicae plures,
terminales et subterminales, rhachibus et pedunculis aliquanto dense
pilosis, subflavis; bracteae erectae vel adscendentes (maturae patulae),
oblongo-rhombicae, acuminatae, dentatae, dentibus aliquanto longis,
subulatis, ascendentibus, pilosae, pilis appressis; bracteolae oblongo-
lanceolatae, acuminatae, subcarinatae, pilosae, pilis appressis vel as-
cendentibus; calycis segmenta anguste lineari-lanceolata, acuminata,
tenuiter striata, parce et obscure ciliolata, pilis ascendentibus, glandu-
losis; corolla alba, fauce flava, parce et minute pubescens, labiis sub-
aequalibus, lobis ovatis, rotundatis vel emarginatis; stamina exserta,
filamentis glabris; capsulae ignotae.

Herbs; stems ascending, up to 7 cm. high, moderately hirtellous,
the hairs upwardly appressed or ascending, 0.5 mm. long; leaves
usually about 10, somewhat crowded at the tip of the stem, the blades
oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 12 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
subacute, narrowed at base, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface rather densely appressed-pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm.
long, yellowish, the costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) obscure,
the lower surface appressed-pilose, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long, more
numerous on the costa and lateral nerves; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
densely pilose, the hairs about 1 mm. long, ascending; spikes several,
terminal and subterminal, up to 11 em. long, lax at maturity, the
peduncles (up to 5 cm. long) and rachises rather densely yellowish
pilose, the hairs 0.75 to 1 mm. long, upwardly appressed or ascending ;
bracts erect or ascending, spreading at maturity, oblong-rhombic, up
to 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate, appressed-pilose (the hairs
about 1 mm. long), the margins bearing 3 pairs of slender ascending
teeth up to 3 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide at base; bractlets oblong-
lanceolate, up to 1 cm. long and 2 mm. wide, acuminate, subcarinate,
moderately pilose dorsally with appressed or ascending hairs, finely
and obscurely parallel-nerved ; calyx segments narrowly linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate, finely striate, obscurely and sparingly ciliolate with
ascending glandular hairs, the posterior segment 7 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide, the anterior segments 6.5 mm. long and slightly over 0.75 mm.
wide, the lateral segments 6 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide; corollas
about 15 mm. long, white with a yellow patch in front of the throat,
finely and sparingly pubescent, the lips about 5 mm. long, the lobes
ovate, rounded or shallowly emarginate; stamens exserted about 4 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla throat, the filaments glabrous, the
anthers 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, webby at tip; capsules not
seen.

162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, col-
lected at San José, along the Rio Putumayo, Colombia, August 3, 1899,
by T. A. Sprague (No. 601).

The specific epithet is derived from the Greek, &xpa, yellow, and
Adpuvé, throat, in allusion to the yellow-throated corolla.

Ficure 53.—Aphelandra ochrolarynx Leonard (Sprague 601): a, Plant; b, bract; c, bractlet;
d, calyx; e, glandular marginal hairs of calyx segment. (a, Half natural size; b-d, twice
natural size; ¢, about 50 times natural size.)

19. Aphelandra uribei Leonard, sp. nov. Ficurer 54

Suffrutex, caulibus parce ramosis, ascendentibus, nodis infimis radi-
cantibus, minute hirsutis, pilis appressis vel patulis; internodia brevia:
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice acuminata, apice ipso obtuso,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 163

basi plus minusve abrupte angustata, in petiolum decurrens, minute
alveolata, subbullata, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, venis
prominentibus, costa et venis supra pilos raros minutos ferentibus,
subtus pubescentibus, pilis valde curvatis; petioli breves, pubescentes,
pilis curvatis; spica terminalis, pedunculo brevi, rhache alata, parce
puberula ; bracteae lanceolatae, tenuiter acuminatae, subtiliter puberu-
lae, venis 3, prominentibus, venulis grosse reticulatis, marginibus ser-
ratis, dentibus subulatis; bracteolae subulatae, puberulae; calycis seg-
menta puberula, striata, sezmentum posterius oblongo-lanceolatum,
segmenta anteriora et media lanceolata, apice subulata; corolla
rubra, papilliformi-puberula, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto,
subobtuso, apice ipso minute apiculato, labio inferiore patulo, lobo
medio elliptico, apice rotundato, lobis lateralibus obovatis, apicis ro-
tundatis; antherae apice cohaerentes; filamenta parce hirsuta; ova-
rium glabrum.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 80 cm. high; stems sparingly branched,
ascending, rooting at the lower nodes, 3.5 mm. in diameter, minutely
hirsute, the hairs less than 0.25 mm. long, spreading to appressed; in-
ternodes short, 1 to 2 em. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 17
em. long and 6 em. wide, acuminate at apex, the tip itself blunt, nar-
rowed at base, sometimes abruptly so and briefly decurrent on the
petiole, firm, subbullate, the margins entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs) bearing
a few minute hairs, the lower surface drying a lighter green than the
upper, the costa and veins pubescent, the hairs spreading and strongly
curved, the venation of both surfaces fairly prominent, the leaf sur-
faces minutely alveolate; petioles (unwinged portion) 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
pubescent, the hairs curved; spikes terminal, 8 to 13 cm. long, 8 to 10
mm. broad, the rachis winged, sparingly puberulous; bracts lanceo-
late, 19 mm. long, 6 mm. wide exclusive of teeth, slenderly acuminate,
forming an angle of 10 degrees with the rachis, the margins about 6
mm. above base and immediately below apex bearing 4 or 5 slender
ascending teeth up to 2 mm. long, both surfaces finely puberulous, the
three principal veins prominent, indurate at base, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate toward tip of bracts; bractlets subulate, 3.5 mm. long, about
0.5 mm. wide at base, puberulous; calyx puberulous, striate, the pos-
terior segment oblong-lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, slightly over 2 mm.
wide, tipped by 2 or 3 slender lobes 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the anterior and
middle pair of calyx segments lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
ending in slender acuminate or subulate tips; corolla red, about 4.5 cm.
long, minutely and sparingly pubescent without, glabrous within ex-
cept a narrow longitudinal band extending from basal part of middle
lobe to below mouth of corolla tube, the lobes ciliolate, the tube about 2
mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 5 mm, at mouth, the upper

164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip erect, oval, about 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, obtusish and minutely
apiculate at tip, the lower lip spreading, the middle lobe elliptic, 13
mm. long, 8 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the lateral lobes obovate,
6 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded at their tips; stamens equaling or
slightly exceeding the upper lip, the anthers barely 4 mm. long, lightly

adhering at tip, the filaments sparingly hirsute; ovary glabrous; cap-
sules not seen.

Ficure 54.—Aphelandra uribei Leonard (Uribe 1437); a, Tip of plant; b, bract; c, bractlets
d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the lateral segments;
£, posterior corolla lobe; 4, middle lobe of lower lip; 4, one of the lateral lobes; 7, anther
and upper portion of filament; 2, portion of spike showing corolla. (a,Half natural size;
b-f, twice natural size; g-#, &, natural size; j, about four times natural size.)

Type in the Uribe Herbarium, collected in the forests of Dabeiba,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 400 meters altitude, January 11.
1947, by Lorenzo Uribe-Uribe (No. 1437). Fragment in the U. S.
National Herbarium. :

A phelandra uribei can be recognized readily by its ascending stems
with short internodes and by its narrow, slenderly acuminate, toothed

bracts. There may be some relationship between this and A.
ourantiaca,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 165

20. Aphelandra lonchochlamys Leonard, sp. Nov. Fieure 55

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus puberulis, pilis brunneis, retrorse
curvatis, internodiis summis brevibus; lamina foliorum lanceolata,
acuminata (apice ipso subacuta), basi angustata, in petiolum breviter
decurrens, integra, supra glabra vel in costa pilos subappressos ferens,
subtus glabra, purpurea, costa et yenis puberulis vel in costa pilis
minutis curvatis et rectis intermixtis praeditis; petioli recurvati, dense
puberuli, pilis brunneis, curvatis; spicae solitariae, terminales, rhache
puberula, pilis rectis, patulis, albidis; bracteae lanceolatae, puberulae,
pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, ciliatae, remote et minute
dentatae, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis marginali-
bus crasse reticulatis; bracteolae subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae,
pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, costa prominente; calycis
segmenta subaequalia, lanceolata, subhyalina, gratiliter acuminata,
minute striata, parce puberula, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis inter-
mixtis, segmentum posterius et aliquando anteriora apice graciliter
dentata; corolla coccinea, parce et minute pubescens, labio superiore
erecto, acuto, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis ellipticis, abrupte acutis;
stamina vix exserta; ovarium pubescens; capsulae ignotae.

Herb or suffrutescent shrub; stems puberulous, the hairs brown,
about 60 » long, retrorsely curved, the 3 uppermost internodes 3 to 5
mm. long, the others much longer; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 16 cm.
long and 24 mm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself subacute), narrowed
at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, entire, the upper surface
glabrous or the costa bearing a few subappressed hairs about 0.5 mm.
long, the lower surface purple (Sprague), glabrous except costa and
veins, these puberulous or the costa bearing additional straight sub-
appressed hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the venation obscure but more
prominent beneath than above; petioles recurved, up to 1 cm. long,
densely brown puberulous, the hairs curved; spikes terminal, solitary,
about 8 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the rachis puberulous, the hairs
whitish, straight, spreading, about 0.25 mm. long; bracts lanceolate,
up to 82 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide, acute, puberulous (the hairs
about 175 » long, some of them gland-tipped), ciliate, the hairs up to
625 p» long, the costa and several pairs of lateral nerves prominent, the
marginal veinlets coarsely reticulate, the teeth (2 or 3 pairs) about
175 » long; bractlets subulate, 1 cm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base,
carinate, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 0.4
mm. long, some of the shorter ones glandular, the costa prominent ;
calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, subhyaline, slenderly acuminate,
finely striate, sparingly puberulous, the hairs up to 150 » long, some
of them gland-tipped, the posterior segment 2 mm. wide, the tip often
terminating in 8 slender teeth, the anterior segments 1.25 mm. wide,

166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the lateral segments 1 mm. wide, both lateral and anterior segments
with simple or 2- or 3-parted slender tips; corollas up to 4.5 em. long,
scarlet, finely and sparingly pubescent, the lips about 2 em. long, the
posterior lip erect, about 6 mm. wide, acute at tip, the lower lip
spreading, the middle segment elliptic, abruptly acute, about 7 mm.
wide, the lateral segments similar but only about 4 mm. wide; stamens
slightly exserted; ovary pubescent.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
Jected at Mocoa, Intendencia of Caqueté, Colombia, 1898 or 1899, by
T. A. Sprague (No. 394).

Figure 55.—Aphelandra lonchochlamys Leonard (Sprague 394): a, Tip of plant; 4, bract;
c, bractlet; d, calyx, spread to show lobes and ovary; ¢, marginal hairs of calyx segments.
(a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c, d, twice natural size; ¢, about 24 times natural size.)

The specific epithet is derived from the Greek AsyxX7) » Spear, and
xAauts, bract (military cloak), in allusion to the narrow lance-shaped
bracts.

Aphelandra lonchochlamys is possibly related to A. repanda Nees
(DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847), based on Mathews 1238 from Peru. That
species, however, has much larger leaf blades with strongly repand
margins. Both species are in turn related to 4. aurantiaca,

21. Aphelandra puberula Leonard, sp. noy, FIGureE 56

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel sursum puberulis; lamina foliorum
ovata, apice acuminata, basi subcordata vel rotundata, in petiolum

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 167

decurrens, integra vel undulata, supra glabra vel in costa deorsum
strigosa, subtus minute punctata, glabra, costa et venis puberulis;
petioli strigosi; spica terminalis, rhache dense et subtiliter pubescente,
pilis patulis; bracteae ascendentes, rhombicae, dentibus tenuibus,
curvatis; bracteolae subulatae, striatae, puberulae; calycis segmenta
subaequalia, striata, puberula, acuminata, apice dentata; corolla rubra,
aliquanto dense pubescens, tubo angustato, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis subaequalibus,
ovatis, obtusis; ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent ; stems glabrous or puberulous toward tip; leaf blades
ovate, 21 cm. long and 10 em. wide, acuminate, subcordate to rounded
at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, bright green,
the upper surface glabrous or the costa strigose toward base of blade,
the lower surface minutely punctate, glabrous except the costa and
jateral veins (11 or 12 pairs), these puberulous; petioles up to 3 cm.
long, strigose; spike terminal, 15 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, the
rachis finely and densely pubescent, the hairs spreading; bracts
imbricate, ascending, rhombic, up to 27 mm. long and 12 mm. wide,
puberulous and veiny on both sides, the lower third and tip of bract
entire, the upper portion bearing about 8 slender, more or less curved,
subulate teeth up to 4 mm. long; bractlets subulate, 1 cm. long, striate,
puberulous; calyx segments subequal, about 12 mm. long, striate,
puberulous, slenderly acuminate, the posterior segment 4.25 mm. wide,
2- or 3-toothed at apex, the anterior segments 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral
ones about 2 mm. wide, both anterior and lateral segments often bear-
ing 1 or more minute teeth near tip; corolla 4 cm. long, red, rather
densely pubescent, the tube narrow, 3 cm. long, about 3 mm. broad at
base and 5 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, the upper lip ovate,
about 15 mm. long and 12 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal, ovate, about 12 mm. long and 7 mm. wide,
obtuse; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
primitive forest at La Costa, Department of El Cauca, Colombia, 900
meters altitude, July 27, 1986, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 869).
Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbarium.

Cauca: “Dense damp forests around El Pefiol on the western slopes of the
West Andes of Popaydn, 1,800 to 2,000 meters altitude, May” [Lehmann's field
notes], Lehmann 8632 (K). Lehmann states that the plant is a herbaceous
shrub with slender, weakly ramified stems up to 1.3 meters in height and the
leaves are dark green and the flowers of a luminous vermilion color.

Aphelandra puberula can be separated from A. sneidernii by its
sharply toothed, conspicuously puberulous bracts. The bracts of A.
sneidernii are so minutely puberulous as to appear, without a lens, to be
glabrous and the teeth are barely 0.5 mm. long in contrast to the
slender well-developed ones of A. puberula. Aphelandra puberula

168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

can be distinguished from A. ¢mpressa, which has superficially similar
bracts, by the shape of its leaf blades. These are subcordate or
rounded at base instead of being gradually narrowed as in A. impressa.
The specific name puberula alludes to the puberulous bracts.

BSc eee
ae oe Een

saa

Ficure 56.—Aphelandra puberula Leonard (von Sneidern 869): a, Tip of plant; }, bract;
c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the lateral
segments. (a, Half natural size; b-f, natural size.)

22. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Schiedw.) Lindl.

Hemisandra aurantiaca Schiedw. Bull. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 9: 22. 1842. Type
srown in the Jardin Botanique de Bruxelles in the year 1839 from seeds
procured from Mexico. (Aurantiaca: orange colored, alludes to the color
of the corollas.)

Aphelandra aurantiaca Lind]. Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 12. 1845. Based on Hemisandra
aurantiaca,

Aphelandra acutifolia Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 299. 1847. A number of cotypes
are cited. The first mentioned was collected at Vitoc, Peru, by Ruiz and
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium. The remaining cotypes were collected
by various botanists in Peru, Mexico, and Surinam.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 169

Herbaceous to suffrutescent, erect, up to 1.5 meters high, glabrous
or sparingly pilose, the internodes 2 to 9 cm. long; leaf blades oblong-
ovate to elliptic, the majority of them 8 to 20 cm. long and 2.5 to 12
cm. wide, acute to acuminate, gradually to abruptly narrowed at base
and more or less decurrent on the petiole, sometimes obliquely so,
chartaceous, glabrous or essentially so, sometimes bearing a few minute
white hairs on the veins, the margins entire or undulate, the costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) prominent, arcuate, the upper surface
nitid, obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate, minutely alveolate, the
lower surface somewhat whitish, the reticulations obscure; petioles
up to 10 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes
up to 15 em. long and 3 cm. wide (excluding the corollas), the rachis
puberulous, the nodes flattened and slightly excavate; bracts imbricate,
oblong-lanceolate, up to 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, acuminate, veiny,
softly and densely puberulous, the hairs ascending, the margins cilio-
late, serrate, the teeth up to 1.5 mm. long; bractlets narrowly lanceolate
and slenderly acuminate; calyx about 1 cm. long, the posterior seg-
ment oblong, 3 mm. wide, acute, the lateral and anterior pairs linear-
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, the 5 segments and bractlets striate-nerved
and puberulous, the nerves ending at the base of each segment in a
callus about 1 mm. long; corollas 5 to 6 cm. long, red, orange or scarlet,
sparingly puberulous, the upper lip oblong-ovate, about 2 cm. long
and 1.2 cm. wide above the base, obtusish and entire at apex, the lower
lip spreading, the lobes elliptic-ovate, the middle one up to 2.5 cm.
long and 1.8 cm. wide, obtuse, the lateral ones similar but only about
half as large; capsules 1.6 cm. long, sparingly puberulous; seeds
hispidulous.

Aphelandra aurantiaca is a variable species and perhaps consists
of a number of races or forms. The Mexican and Central American
specimens in the U. S. National Herbarium have as a rule smaller and
more slenderly toothed bracts than do the South American plants.
The bracts of some of the North American plants are in fact practi-
cally pectinate. Red flowers seem to be more prevalent than yellow
or orange ones.

Usually found in dense forests, from Mexico to Bolivia. Apparently
rare in Colombia.

AmMAzONAS: Loretoyacu River, Trapecio Amazonico, Schultes 6630 (Col).

DEPARTMENT (7): Afutis 1494 (US).

23. Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 57

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, aliquanto abrupte acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, undulata, glabra, minute alveolata,
costa et venis supra obscuris, subtus prominentibus; petioli breves,
glabri; spica solitaria, terminalis, subsessilis, rhache glabra; brac-

170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

teae aliquanto arcte appressae, ellipticae, venosae, tenues, glabrae,
minute et parce serratae; bracteolae subulatae, carinatae, venosae,
pilos raros minutos papilliformes ferentes; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, glanduloso-ciliolata, apice angustata, gracilia; corolla glabra,
sursum rubra, deorsum subfulva, tubo angustato, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis subaequalibus, ellipticis,
acutis; filamenta glabra; antherae apice cohaerentes, dorso pilosae.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular.
glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 24 em. long and 8.5 cm.
wide, rather abruptly acuminate, the tip itself blunt, gradually nar-
rowed from about the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole.
undulate, glabrous, minutely alveolate, the alveoli more apparent on
the under surface, the costa and veins (12 to 14 pairs) obscure above,
prominent beneath; petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 em. long,
glabrous; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 16 em. Jong, and 1.5 em.
broad, the bracts rather closely appressed, the rachis glabrous; pe-
duncles 0.5 em. long, 4 mm. in diameter; bracts elliptic, up to 22 mm.
long and 10 mm. wide, acute, thin, veiny, glabrous, the margins mi-
nutely and distantly toothed, the teeth up to 0.25 mm. long; bractlets
subulate, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base, carinate, veiny, bearing
scattered, minute, papilliform hairs 25 » long; calyx 9 mm. long, the
segments lanceolate, the posterior segment about 4 mm. wide, tipped by
3 subulate lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long, the other segments 1.5 to 2 mm. wide,
gradually narrowed to slender spinelike tips, glabrous, ciliolate with
minute gland-tipped hairs about 25 » long, the nerves of each segment
ending basally in a thick callus; corolla glabrous, red distally, yellow-
ish proximally, 6 cm. long, the tube about 4 mm. broad at base, gradu-
ally enlarged to 7 mm. at mouth, the lips equal, 2 cm. long, the upper
lip erect, ovate, about 14 mm. wide, obtusish at apex, the lower lip
3-lobed, the middle lobe about 1 em. wide, the lateral lobes about 6
mm. wide, all acutish at apex; stamens 16 mm. long, the filaments
dorsally pilose apically, the anthers 5 mm. long, cohering at their tips.
the hairs about 0.75 min. long; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852615, collected in
woods at La Laguna on the left bank of the Rio Sanguininf, Depart-
ment of El Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters altitude, December
10-20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15486).

In relationship, Aphelandra letophylla is closest to A. aurantiaca.
In comparing the two species, however, one will notice the strictly
glabrous bracts and the thicker, alveolate leaf blades of A. eiophylla.
The corollas of the two species are also noticeably dissimilar. The
corolla lips of A. aurantiaca are usually much larger than those of
A. leiophylla and the lateral lobes of the lower lip are relatively much
smaller than the middle one. In A. letophylla the lobes of the lower

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 171

lip are similar in size. The name leiophylla,deios, smooth, and gvaAdor,
leaf, alludes to the glabrous leaf blades.

Accompanying the type sheet is the following description by Cua-
trecasas, drawn, evidently, from living material: “Hierba robusta de
60 cm. alt.; hoja verde obscura en el haz, claro en el enves; corolla roja,
tubo amarillento.”

Ficure 57.—Aphelandra leiophylla Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15436): a, Basal portion ot
inflorescence; 4, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment, ¢, one of the anterior seg-
ments; f, one of the lateral segments; g, upper part of stamen; h, upper lip of corolla;
i, middle lobe of lower lip; 7, one of the lateral lobes of lower lip. (a, Half natural size;
b, c, h-j, natural size; ¢-f, twice natural size; g, about three times natural size.)

24, Aphelandra nana Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 58

Suffrutex parvus, caulibus ascendentibus, deorsum teretibus, sur-
sum quadrangularibus, aliquanto puberulis, pilis minutis, curvatis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata vel breviter
acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angusta, in petiolum breviter

172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

decurrens, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, plus
minusve puberulis, pilis curvatis; petioli puberuli, pilis curvatis;
spicae terminales, solitariae, subcapitatae, pedunculo brevi, puberulo,
rhache puberula, pilis rectis, patulis, subbrunneis; bracteae rhombeo-
ovatae, acutae vel subacutae, minute brunneo-puberulae, marginibus
serratis (dentibus 3 vel 4 paribus), costa et venis lateralibus prom-
inentibus, venulis prope margines crasse reticulatis ; bracteolae anguste
lanceolatae, graciliter acuminatae, striatae, minute puberulae, pilis
patulis; calycis segmenta subaequalia, lanceolata, striata, albida, sub-
coriacea, minute puberula, pilis patulis, segmentum posterius apice
bidentatum, dentibus triangularibus, parvis, anteriora et lateralia gra-
ciliter acuminata; corolla coccinea, parce pubescens, tubo leviter cur-
vato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, acuto, labio inferiore
profunde lobato, lobis obovatis, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, fila-
mentis deorsum minute et parce hirtellis; ovarium puberulum; cap-
sulae maturae ignotae.

Suffrutescent, up to 30 cm. high; stems ascending, the upper portions
quadrangular, moderately puberulous (the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long,
curved), the lower portions terete, up to 3.5 mm. in diameter; leaf
blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, up to 7 cm. long and 23 mm. wide,
acuminate to short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base
and briefly decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs), these more or less puberulous
with curved hairs, the venation obscure but less so beneath than above ;
petioles up to 1.5 em. long, moderately puberulous with curved hairs;
spikes solitary, terminal, about 3 cm. long and 2.5 em. broad, the pedun-
cle 2 mm. long, puberulous with curved hairs, the rachis puberulous
with minute brownish spreading hairs; bracts rhombic-ovate, 2.5 em.
long and 12-13 mm. wide, acute to subacute, minutely brown-puberu-
lous, the margins above middle serrate with 3 or 4 pairs of sharp tri-
angular teeth up to 1.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins rather
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate toward margins; bractlets
narrowly lanceolate, 8.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base, slenderly
acuminate, striate, finely puberulous, the hairs spreading, up to 150u
long; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, striate,
whitish, subcoriaceous, minutely puberulous, the hairs spreading, up
to 150p long, the posterior segment 3 mm. wide near base, bidentate
at apex, the teeth triangular, 0.5 mm. long, the anterior segments 1.5
mm. wide near base, the lateral segments about 1.25 mm. wide, both an-
terior and lateral segments slenderly acuminate and tipped by several
hairs up to 625p long; corollas bright red, up to 5 cm. long, finely and
sparingly pubescent, the tube slightly curved, 4 mm. broad at base, 5
mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, about 15 mm. long, the upper
lip erect, ovate, 8 mm. wide near base, acute, the lower lip deeply
3-parted, the lobes obovate, obtuse, the middle lobe 1 cm. wide, the lat-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 173

eral lobes 7 mm. wide; stamens exserted beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube but barely reaching the tip of the upper lip, the filaments
glabrous toward tip, the lower portions sparingly and minutely hirtel-
lous; ovary puberulous; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected at Tabaca, in the forest-covered Magdalena watershed in the vi-
cinity of Ocafia, probably near the boundary line of the Departments
of Magdalena and Norte de Santander, Colombia, “5000 pds.” altitude,
1851, by L. Schlim (No. 780).

Ficure 58.—Aphelandra nana Leonard (Kallreyer 344): a, ‘Tip of plant; }, bract; ¢, bractlet;
d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior calyx segments; f, one of the lateral calyx
segments; g, marginal hairs of a calyx segment; h, corolla. (a, b, h, Natural size; c-f,
twice natural size; g, about 40 times natural size.)

Kalbreyer’s No. 344 (K), collected near Ocafia, “5500 altitude,
October 11, 1877, is also of this species.

Aphelandra nana is closely related to A. awrantiaca and differs from
that species mainly in its small size. Schlim states that the flowers
were fire red (rouge fouée). The following note accompanies Kal-
breyer’s specimen: “perenn. stem 6-12” fl. bright red terminal; bush
half shade.” The specific epithet is from the Greek vavos, dwarf, allud-
ing to the small stature of the plant. .

174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

25. Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard, sp. nov. Fieure 59

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice acum-
inata, basi rotundata vel subacuta, obliqua, supra parce puberula,
subtus glabra, costa et venis prominentibus, minute et obscure pub-
escentibus; petioli glabri, canalibus puberulis; spicae terminales, sol-
itariae, sessiles, rhache puberula; bracteae arcte imbricatae, tenues,

\

4h . \ : \|
“4 [SX
g

\

Ficure 59.—Aphelandra sneidernii Leonard (von Sneidern 868): a, Basal portion of in-
florescence; b, tip of spike; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment, f, one of the
anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments. (a, b, Three-fourths natural size; c-g,
natural size.)

ovatae, serratae (dentibus utrinque 3 vel 4), venosae, minute brunneo-
puberulae; bracteolae subulatae, puberulae; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, acuminata, glabra vel apice puberula, segmentum posterius apice
bidentatum; corolla lutea (?), minute pubescens, tubo cylindrico,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, integro, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; ovarium glabrum.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IL 175

Suffrutescent; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong, up to 18 cm.
long and 8 cm. wide, acuminate at apex, rounded or subacute at base,
sometimes obliquely so, bright green, the upper surface sparingly and
inconspicuously puberulous, the lower surface glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (12 or 13 pairs), these prominent, minutely
and inconspicuously pubescent; petioles up to 6 cm. long, glabrous or
the channels puberulous; spike terminal, about 18 cm. long and 2 cm.
broad, sessile, the rachis puberulous; bracts closely imbricate, ovate,
thin, up to 23 mm. long and 12 mm. wide, acute, serrate (3 or 4 minute
teeth on each side), both surfaces veiny and minutely brown-puberu-
lous; bractlets subulate, about 7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, carinate,
puberulous; calyx segments lanceolate, about 12 mm. long, acuminate,
striate, glabrous or puberulous at tips, the posterior segment 4 mm.
wide, bidentate at apex, the anterior pair 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair
2 mm. wide, both pairs slenderly acuminate; corolla orange (?), mi-
nutely pubescent, 4 cm. long, the tube cylindric, about 2.5 mm. broad
at base and 6 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal or the upper
slightly longer than the lower, erect or slightly spreading, ovate,
about 16 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes subequal, 13 mm. long, rounded, the middle lobe about 8 mm.
wide, the lateral ones about 4 mm. wide; ovary glabrous.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected
in primitive forest of La Costa, El Tambo, Department of Cauca,
Colombia, 1,200 meters altitude, July 27, 1936, by Kjell von Sneidern
(No. 868). Fragment in U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 2059876.

Aphelandra sneidernii may be related to A. puberula, but it differs
in its minutely toothed and inconspicuously puberulous bracts.

26. Aphelandra impressa Lindau

Aphelandra impressa Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 657. 1897. Type collected
near San Cristébal, Mérida, Venezuela, 950 meters altitude, by Funck &
Schlim (No. 1244). The name impressa alludes to the pitlike impressions
found on the dorsal surface of the bracts in which the glandular dots are
imbedded.

Stems terete, the lower portions glabrous, the upper parts more or
less puberulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, straight or curved, up-
wardly appressed; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 9 to 28 cm. long (in-
cluding the winged petiole), 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate and more or
less falcate at tip (the tip itself blunt), gradually narrowed from
about the middle into a winged petiole, the margins entire or shallowly
crenate, both surfaces sparingly and inconspicuously pubescent, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, appressed, more numerous on the costa and
veins (10 to 18 pairs), these rather prominent; petioles (unwinged
portion) 5 to 15 mm. long, minutely and often densely strigose; spikes
solitary or in 3’s, terminal, 8 to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. broad (excluding

228609—53—_5

176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

corollas and tips of bracts), the rachis densely brown puberulous;
bracts closely imbricate, subrhombic, acuminate, often slenderly so and
the tips spreading or recurved, both surfaces minutely brown puberu-
lous, the teeth 8 to 10 on each side, these slender, ending in spines, 1.5
to 4.5 mm. long, the glandular area on either side of the midrib deeply
impressed dorsally, the pit about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad;
bractlets subulate, 8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide near the base, curved,
carinate, minutely pubescent dorsally; calyx puberulous toward tip,
10 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, the posterior segment acuminate,
2.5 mm. wide, the others ending in a spinelike tip, 1.5 mm. wide near
base; corolla purple or red, minutely pubescent, 5.5 to 6 cm. long, the
tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, 5 to 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
ovate, about 13 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, the lower
lip 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes oblong-elliptic, acuminate, the
middle lobe 15 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 12 mm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide; stamens exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube but not exceeding the upper lip, the filaments 3.3 to 4 em. long,
pubescent toward base, the anthers 5.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad;
style 4 to 5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen,

According to Cuatrecasas the plants of this species are shrubby,
much branched, bear red (rojo vivo) corollas, have purple bracts and
blossom chiefly in November and December. They occur usually be-
tween the altitudes of 240 and 1,240 meters. Found also in Venezuela
and Brazil.

META: Between Villavicencio and Bogota, Sprague s.n. (K). Guapayita, Cor-
dillera La Macarena, Idrobo & Schultes 840 (US).

NorTE DE SANTANDER: Rio Margua valley, between Junin and Cérdoba,
Cuatrecasas 13374 (Ch, US).

PUTUMAYO; Quebrada de Sipenae, left side of the Rio San Miguel. Cuatrecasas
11007 (Ch, US).

Vaupfés: Along the Rio Guaviare, at San José del Guaviare, Cuatrecasas 7456
(US).

27. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 60

Herba, caulibus saepe simplicibus, ascendentibus, subquadrangular-
ibus, minute hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus, sursum curvatis, internodiis
brevibus; folia numerosa, erecta vel ascendentia, laminis anguste
lanceolatis (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustatis, in petiolum decur-
rentibus, submembranaceis, undulatis, utrinque parce hirtellis, costa
et venis lateralibus subtus aliquanto substrigosis; petioli graciles,
hirtelli, pilis ascendentibus vel adpressis; spicae solitariae, terminales,
subsessiles, rhache parce pubescente, pilis patulis, minutis; bracteae
imbricatae, ascendentes, lanceolatae, extus puberulae et hirtellae (pilis
minutis patulis et pilis majoribus ascendentibus intermixtis), intus
puberulae vel basi glabrae, utrinque venis prominentibus, venulis
crasse reticulatis dentibus gracilibus, spiniformibus, ascendentibus,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 177

puberulis terminatis; ocelli minuti, depressi ; bracteolae lanceolatae,
graciliter acuminatae, subhyalinae, striatae, parce hirtellae, pilis
ascendentibus, calycis segmenta lanceolata, subhyalina, subtiliter
striata, apice hirtella et ciliata, segmentum posterius apice obtusum,
mucronatum, anteriora et lateralia apice graciliter acuminata; corolla
coccinea, apice parce et minute pilosula, tubo leviter curvato, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, erecto, acuto, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobis oblanceolatis, subacutis; stamina vix exserta; ovarium
glabrum; capsulae ignotae.

Herbs up to 40 cm. high; stems mostly simple, ascending, subquad-
rangular, minutely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, upwardly curved,
up to 0.5 mm. long, the internodes up to 2 cm. long; leaves numerous,
erect or ascending, the blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long
and 21 mm. wide (the tip itself blunt), narrowed and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirtel-
lous or the costa and lateral veins of the lower surface rather densely
so, the hairs subappressed, up to 0.5 mm. long, the venation moderately
prominent; petioles slender, up to 3 cm. long, hirtellous, the hairs
ascending or appressed, about 0.5 mm. long; spikes solitary, terminal,
subsessile, about 6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the rachis sparingly
pubescent, the hairs spreading, about 0.5 mm. long; bracts imbricate,
ascending, lanceolate, 13 mm. long, 7 mm. wide above the middle, the
pubescence of the outer surface a mixture of minute spreading hairs
950 to 370 » long and larger ascending ones averaging 625 » in length,
the inner surface merely puberulous and glabrous toward base, the
venation of both surfaces prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate
towards margins, ending in slender spinose teeth (usually 8 pairs),
these ascending, up to 3 mm. long, sparingly puberulous; ocelli mi-
nute, elliptic, about 125 » long, aggregated in a veinless depressed
area about 0.75 mm. in diameter, irregularly margined and located
near the base of the third tooth from the tip on either side of the bract ;
bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide near base, slenderly
acuminate, subhyaline, finely striate, the dorsal region sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs ascending, about 0.5 mm. long, the costa ending at
base in a swollen callus; calyx segments lanceolate, subhyaline and
finely striate but thickened and smooth at base, hirtellous and ciliate
at tip, the hairs ascending, up to 625 » long, the posterior segment
11 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide at 3 mm. above the base, obtuse at apex,
ending in a mucro 1.5 mm. long, the anterior segments 13 mm. long
and 1.5 mm. wide near base, slenderly acuminate, the lateral segments
12 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base, slenderly acuminate; corolla
5 em. long, a vivid scarlet (André), sparingly and finely pilosulous
toward tip, the hairs about 0.6 mm. long, spreading, the tube slightly
curved, 2 mm. broad at base, 1.5 mm. broad at 5 mm. above base, 6 mm.
broad at mouth, the upper lip ovate, about 17 mm. long and 12 mm.

178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblanceolate, the middle
lobe 12 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, subacute, the lateral lobes similar but
slightly smaller; stamens slightly exserted beyond mouth of corolla
tube, the anthers lying in the concavity of the upper lip; ovary
glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected on the “Llanos” in the vicinity of Salitre, Department of
Boyaci, Colombia, 408 meters altitude, January 10, 1876, by E. F.
André (No. 1055).

Ficure 60.—Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard (André 1055): a, Tip of plant; b, bract;
¢, ocelli; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the
lateral segments; h, tip of one of the anterior segments; 1, tipof corolla. (a,i, Half natural
size; b, d—g, twice natural size; c, 4 times natural size; h, about 26 times natural size.)

Idrobo & Schultes’ No. 1207, collected on the Sabanas de San Juan
de Arama, Intendencia of Meta, 500 meters altitude, January 22, 1951,
is also of this species.

Aphelandra lamprantha is closely related to A. impressa, agreeing
in the acuminate pectinate bracts, these bearing an impressed area
covered by numerous minute ocelli. If the two species are compared,
however, differences are readily apparent. A phelandra lamprantha
is much smaller and herbaceous with leaf blades not exceeding 21 mm.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 179

in width, the stems are hirtellous with ascending hairs, and the bracts
lanceolate, ascending and straight rather than rhombic and recurved.
Aphelandra impressa is shrubby, probably reaching a meter in height,
the stems are puberulous at tips with upwardly appressed hairs and
the leaf blades oblong-elliptic, reaching as much as 6 cm. in width.
The specific epithet is from the Greek daumpds, bright or radiant, and
év6os, flower, in allusion to the brilliant scarlet blossoms.

28. Aphelandra lasia Leonard, sp. Dov. Figure 61

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis albidis,
patulis vel plus minusve retrorsis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata,
supra parce pilosa, subtus dense pilosa, pilis albidis, patulis vel as-
cendentibus; petioli dense pilosi; spicae 5 vel plures, terminales et
subterminales, rhache dense pilosa; bracteae imbricatae, fulvescentes,
rhombicae, acutae, dense pilosae, integrae vel dentes 1-4, minutos, as-
cendentes ferentes, ocellis 5-10, ellipticis, approximatis, fuscis, con-
spicuis; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, carinatae, extus dense pilosae,
pilis, ascendentibus; calycis segmenta lanceolata, indurata, deorsum
glabra vel subglabra, sursum dense pilosa; corolla punicea, parce
puberula, labiis erectis, subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, profunde
bilobato, lobis lanceolatis, acuminatis, patulis, labio inferiore tri-
lobato, lobo medio oblongo-lanceolato, lobis lateralibus triangularibus,
acutis, in labio superiore basi adnatis; filamenta glabra antherae
apice cohaerentes, dorso pubescentes ; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, at least the
upper portions densely pilose, the hairs whitish, spreading or some-
what retrorse, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
29 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, subacuminate, narrowed from about the
middle to a winged petiole, entire or undulate, rather thin, the upper
surface sparingly pilose, the hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, densely pilose
beneath especially on the costa and lateral veins (about 22 pairs),
the hairs whitish, spreading or ascending; petioles (unwinged por-
tion) 5to 10mm. long, the winged portion 6 to 7 cm. long, both densely
pilose; spikes up to 5 or more in number, terminal and subterminal,
® to 10 em. long, 2 cm. broad, the rachis densely pilose ; bracts ascend-
ing, light brown, rhombic, about 18 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, densely
pilose, entire or bearing 1 or 2 pairs of minute ascending teeth, the
glandular area consisting usually of 5 to 20 elliptical ocelli 0.75 mm.
long and barely 0.5 mm. wide, these dark brown, conspicuous against
the light brown of the bract; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, carinate,
16 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base, densely pilose without, the hairs
ascending; calyx 19 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, the posterior
one 5.5 mm. wide at about the middle, the anterior pair 3.5 mm. wide,
the lateral pair 8 mm. wide, all indurate and glabrous or nearly so

180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

to about 5 mm. from base, upper portions densely pilose; corollas
bright red, rather sparingly puberulous, 6 cm. long, the tube 3 cm. long,
6 mm. broad at base, contracted at tip of ovary to 3 mm., thence grad-
ually expanded to 7 mm. at mouth, the lips erect, about equal, 3 cm.
long, the posterior lip about 8 mm. wide at basal part of the 2 lobes,
these lanceolate, 17 mm. long, 5 mm. wide at middle, slenderly acu-
minate, spreading, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe free to base,
oblong-lanceolate, 33 mm. long, 7 mm. wide at about the middle, the

= Sete paar ale
‘,

Sy
se Oa AN eee

i ae AL g
ME Sana 5 CE OU
eo AE I Leary

FS

Ficure 61.—Aphelandra lasia Leonard (Haught 3945): a, Tip of stem showing part of
inflorescence; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, portion of bract to show ocelli; ¢, posterior calyx
segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, tip of stamen.

(a, Half natural size; b, c, e-g, natural size; d, about twice natural size; h, about three
times natural size.)

lateral lobes triangular, 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide near the base, acute,
their upper margins adhering in part to the upper lip; stamens 5
cm. long, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 6.5 mm. long, adhering
at tip, dorsally pubescent; style about 5.5 cm. long, glabrous; capsules
not seen.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 17 08677, collected near
a stream in forest above Manaure, Department of Magdalena, Colom-

bia, 800 meters altitude, January 16, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No.
3945).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, I 181

Cunprnamarca: Guaduas, Triana (Col, NY). Road between Guaduas and
Alto de Aguaclara, at the Hacienda Paramillo, Garcia-Barriga 12323 (US).

SANTANDER: Santa Barbara, Kalbreyer 794 (KX).

Torrma: Between El Lfbano and Murillo, Alto de Pefiones, Garcia-Barriga
12268 (US).

Aphelandra lasia is related to A. deppeana but can be separated
easily from that by its light brown (in herbarium material), densely
pilose bracts with their few (if any) minute teeth (up to 1 mm. high).
The bracts of A. deppeana are much smaller (8 to 15 mm. long instead
of 18 mm.) and their teeth more numerous and conspicuous (up to 1.5
mm. long). The type differs slightly from the other specimens cited
above in having fewer ocelli (5-10), less well developed bract teeth
(some of the bracts actually entire), and in the somewhat smaller leaf
blades, but agrees in general appearance. The name lasia, ddavos,
shaggy, alludes to the heavy pilosity of the leaves and spikes.

Kalbreyer’s label bears the following data: “A phelandra sp. shrub
15’ with long straggling branches; leaf herb., rough woolly; fl. bright
red; forest border, moist slopes, banks, 5500’, S. Barbara 6/11/78.”

29, Aphelandra taborensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 62

Arbor parva ramosa, caulibus sursum dense strigosis, deorsum glab-
ratis; lamina foliorum oblanceolata, breviter acuminata, apice ipso
obtuso, basi angustata, supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus dense et
molliter pubescens, pilis ascendentibus, curvatis, fulvis, costa et venis
prominentibus; petioli aliquando breves, appresso-pubescentes ; spicae
pleurumque 3, terminales et subterminales, pedunculo et rhache dense
fulvo-pubescentibus; bracteae ovatae, obtusae et minute apiculatae,
roseo-purpureae, coriaceae, extus dense et molliter pubescentes, in-
tegrae vel apice bidentatae, dentibus minutis, ocellis cohaerentibus
areolam parvam lacunosam formantibus; bracteolae lanceolatae,
acuminatae, obliquo-carinatae, extus dense pubescentes, striato-ner-
vatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, extus puberula, striato-
nervata; corolla punicea, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labio
superiore erecto, elliptico, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acutis,
labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobo medio lanceolato, patulo, subobtuso et
minute apiculato, lobis lateralibus triangulo-ovatis, subacutis, in labio
superiore basi adnatis, stamina glabra, lobis basi apiculatis; ovarium
glabrum.

Small branching tree; tips of the stems densely upwardly strigose,
the lower portions glabrate; leaf blades oblanceolate, 12 to 18.5 cm.
long, 3 to 4.5 cm. wide or those subtending the spikes smaller, acumi-
nate, the tip itself blunt, gradually narrowed from above middle to
the base, gray-green (Cuatrecasas), the upper surface drying olive,
glabrous or nearly so or the younger leaves rather densely appressed-
pubescent, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the lower surface drying
grayish olive, densely and softly pubescent, the hairs on the costa
and veins appressed, the others ascending, light brown, 0.5 mm. long,

182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the costa and lateral veins (11 or 12 pairs) prominent, especially on
the lower surface; petioles about 1 cm. long, appressed-pubescent ;
spikes usually 3, terminal and subterminal, the peduncles 1 to 2 cm.
long, densely brown-pubescent, the spikes 4 to 7 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
broad, the rachis densely brown-pubescent; bracts ovate, 9 to 10 mm.
long, 7.5 mm. wide, obtuse and minutely apiculate, rose-violet (Cuatre-
casas), coriaceous, entire or tipped by a pair of minute teeth, densely

fe
AK

fpr S
iN) ON

Are

Ficure 62.—Aphelandra taborensis Leonard (Cuatrecasas 22284): a, Tip of stem; b, bract;
¢, portion of bract to show glandular area; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one
of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, corolla; t, pubescence of corolla;
j, anther, (a, h, Half natural size; b, d, e~g, natural size; c, twice natural size; 1, about
24 times natural size; j, about three times natural size.)

and softly pubescent dorsally, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, the
glandular area on either side poorly defined, the individual ocelli
joined to form a small pitted area; bractlets lanceolate, 11 mm. long,
2.5 mm. wide, acuminate, obliquely carinate, densely pubescent dor-
sally, striate-nerved ; calyx 14 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, the
posterior segment 5 mm. wide, the anterior pair 3 mm. wide, the
lateral pair 2.5 mm. wide, all acute, puberulous dorsally, striate-
nerved ; corollas up to 5.8 cm. long, bright red (Cuatrecasas) , puberu-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 1838

lous, except the basal portion, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, enlarged
to 3 mm., thence narrowed to 2 mm. at 7 mm. above base, then gradu-
ally enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, elliptic, 17 mm.
long, about 8 mm. wide at middle, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes triangular,
2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle
lobe spreading, lanceolate, 24 mm. long, about 8 mm. wide below
middle, obtusish and minutely apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes 9 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, subacute, their upper margins partly attached to
the upper lip, their free portion triangular; stamens reaching the
sinus of the upper lip, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long,
their lobes minutely apiculate at base; pistil slightly exceeding the
stamens; ovary glabrous; mature capsule not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900488, collected on
Monte El Tabor, on the ridge of the Cordillera Occidental, above Las
Brisas, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,970 to 2,100 meters alti-
tude, October 19, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 22284).

The pair of minute teeth found on some of the bracts together with
an agreement in the general aspect suggests a relationship of A. ta-
borensis with A. deppeana Schlecht. & Cham.

30. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham.

Aphelandra pulcherrima sensu H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817, p. p.
Two syntypes are cited, one collected in a cool, shady place near Turbaco,
Colombia, and the other at the mouth of the Rio Sint, Colombia. The first
cited is the true A. pulcherrima (Jacq.) H. LB. K. characterized by entire
bracts and softly pubescent (under surface) leaf blades. The second cited
is marked by pectinate bracts and was later described by Nees as A. pectinata,

Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham, Linnaea 5: 96. 1830. Type collected
at Hacienda de la Laguna, Mexico, by Deppe and Scheide. Schlechtendal
named the species in honor of Ferdinand Deppe.

Aphelandra pectinata Willd. ex Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Here is cited
first in a series of syntypes the Rio Sina specimen mentioned above under A.
pulcherrima. The specimen examined by Nees is in the Willdenow Herbar-
ium, No. 11623. A photograph of this is in the U. S. National Herbarium
(Field Mus, photograph No. 9511). The other syntypes cited by Nees
under A. pectinata were procured by various collectors from Mexico, Central
America, the Guianas, Colombia, and the West Indies. The name pectinata
alludes to the pectinately toothed bracts.

Aphelandra haenkeana Nees, DC, Prodr. 11: 298, 1847. The first specimen
cited by Nees among a number of syntypes is that collected at Acapulco,
Guerrero, Mexico, by Haenke. The other syntypes were procured by differ-
ent collectors from various stations in Mexico and Central America, Nees
named the species in honor of Thaddaeus Haenke, a Bohemian botanist,
who, in company with a French botanist, Luis Née, collected in various
regions from Chile to Mexico during the later part of the eighteenth century.

Shrubs up to 4 meters high; stems stout, pubescent to subtomentose,
the hairs sordid, variously curved, the internodes 5 to 7 cm. long, the
lenticels oval to linear, 1 mm. long or less; leaf blades ovate-elliptic
to lanceolate, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate at the apex,

184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

gradually to rather abruptly narrowed and decurrent on the
petiole at base, entire, undulate, the upper surface more or less
scabridulous, subnitid, glabrous to sparingly puberulous or pilose,
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa impressed, this and the lateral
veins (12 to 1€ pairs) often strigose, the lower surface sparingly to
densely and softly pubescent or tomentose beneath, the hairs sordid;
petioles (the unwinged portion) 1 cm. long or less, the pubescence that
of the stems; flowers borne in spikes up to 20 em. long and about 1
cm. broad, these terminal or both terminal and lateral, then forming
a narrow terminal spicate thyrse; bracts ovate-elliptic, 8 to 15 mm.
long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, acuminate, sparingly pilosulous without, gla-
brous within, rather strongly 5-nerved, bearing above the middle 1 to
several slender marginal teeth up to 1.5 mm. long and, near the middle
of the dorsal surface, 2 small submarginal glands about 0.5 mm. in
diameter ; bractlets lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, slenderly
acuminate, dorsally pilosulous, the margins subhyaline; calyx lobes
subequal, ovate to lanceolate, the posterior one about 3 mm. wide, the
lateral pair 1.5 mm. wide, the anterior pair barely 2 mm. wide, all
finely striate-nerved, subhyaline, sparingly pilosulous dorsally; co-
rolla pale to bright red, orange, or crimson, pubescent distally, glabrous
proximally, about 4 cm. long, the tube subcylindric, about 3 mm.
broad at base, constricted to 2 mm. at 5 mm. above base, about 5 mm.
broad at throat, the lips oblong-ovate, 4.5 to 5 mm. wide, subequal, the
upper one erect, 2-lobed, narrowly triangular, the lobes 3.5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide at the base, acuminate, outwardly curved, the lower lip
spreading, entire, acuminate, the tip curved, or if 3-lobed, the lateral
lobes vestigial, appearing as mere notches near the base of the upper
lip ; stamens exserted ; capsules oblong, 15 to 20 mm. long, about 8 mm.
broad and 3 mm. thick, obtuse at the apex, glabrous, minutely and
inconspicuously punctate; seed dull brown, orbicular, 4 mm. in diam-
eter, 2mm. thick, minutely roughened.

Flowering usually from October to February. The tips of the stems
and the uppermost leaves of Garcia-Barriga’s No. 11727 were yellow
when collected.

Partial to wooded or open river banks or adjacent slopes, usually at
elevations from 130 to 380 meters (1,040 to 1,320 meters, Garcia-

Barriga 11727). Southern Mexico to northern South America; West
Indies.

Borivak: Vicinity of Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 357 (US). San Martin de
Loba, Lands of Loba, Curran 99 (US); 111 (GH, US). Sincelejo, Pennell 4057
(NY, US).

BoyacA : On the Rio Cusiana, at San Antonio, Haught 2613 (US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Hacienda Paramillo, between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara,
Garcta-Barriga 11727 ( US).

MacpALENA: Aguachica, Schlim 278 (K).

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 185

Mera: Rfo Casanare, at Esmeralda, Cuatrecasas 3816 (US). Rfio Meta, at
La Venturosa, Cuatrecasas 4195 (US). Rio Orinoco, at Puerto Carrefio, Cuatre-
casas 4046 (US). Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, Idrobo & Schultes 1223 (US).
Vicinity of Villavicencio, Haught 2501 (U8).

Vaupés: Cerro de Mitt, Cuatrecasas 6878 (US).

Vicnapa: Along the Rio Vichada, 7 km. northeast of San José de Ocuné,
Hermann 10978 (US).

DEPARTMENT (?): Mutis 1489 (US).

31. Aphelandra anomala Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 63

Suffrutex, caulibus teretibus, in nodis minute pubescentibus vel
pilosis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice acuminata, basi angustata,
in petiolum decurrens, utrinque molliter puberula, supra in costa et
venis pilosa; petioli minute strigosi; spica terminalis, solitaria,
bracteis imbricatis, erecto-patulis vel deorsum reflexis, rhache molliter
glanduloso-pilosula; bracteae grandes, ovatae, tenues, acutae, gland-
uloso-pubescentes; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, striato-nervatae,
molliter glanduloso-pubescentes; calycis segmenta lanceolata, subae-
qualia, tenuiter acuminata, striata, glanduloso-pubescentia; corolla
flavida, purpureo-maculosa, glanduloso-pubescens, tubo angusto, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo, apice bilobato, labio inferiore patulo, trilo-
bato, lobo medio ovali, subobtuso, labiis lateralibus anguste ellipticis,
parvis, obtusis.

Shrubby ; stem terete, minutely pubescent or pilosulous at the nodes;
leaves drooping; leaf blades oblong, up to 17 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide
(flowering stems), acuminate at apex, cuneate and decurrent on the
petiole at base, both surfaces softly puberulous except the costa and
veins of the upper surface, these pilose; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; spike
terminal, solitary, up to 16 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. broad, the bracts closely
imbricate, erect-spreading or the lowermost drooping, the rachis softly
glandular-pilosulous; bracts ovate, about 3 cm. long, 2 cm. broad or
the lowermost somewhat smaller, acute, thin, glandular-pubescent,
colored(?), drying to light reddish; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 18
mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, striate-nerved, soft glandular-pubes-
cent; calyx segments subequal, lanceolate, the posterior one 4.5 mm
wide, the two anterior each 3.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones each 2.5 mm.
wide, all slenderly acuminate, striate, glandular-pubescent ; corolla
about 5 cm. long, dull yellow, marked by small purple spots, glandular-
pubescent, the hairs minute except on the lips, here intermixed with
longer hairs reaching 2 mm. in length, the tube 4 mm. in diameter at
base, 5 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, oblong, 15 to 20 mm. long
and 6 mm. wide, 2-toothed at apex, the teeth 2 mm. long, very acute,
the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle lobe oval, about 25 mm.
long and 11 mm. wide, obtusish, the lateral lobes narrowly elliptic,
about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded; ovary and cap-
sules not seen.

186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1041351, collected along
a quebrada thicket east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia,
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and Francis
W. Pennell (No. 470). An isotype is in the herbarium of the New
York Botanical Garden. MHolton’s collection (K, NY) from Jicara-
mata near the Rio Tulua, Department of El Valle, is also of this
species.

Ficure 63.—Aphelandra anomala Leonard (Rusby & Pennell 470): a, Tip of stem showing
basal portion of spike; b, tip of spike; ¢, bract; d, pubescence of bract; ¢, one of the glandular
hairs from the bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; A, one of the anterior seg-
ments; t, one of the lateral segments; j, corolla; k, anther. (a, 5, j, Half natural size;
c, f, g-t, natural size; d, about 8 times natural size; ¢, about 17 times natural size; k,
about 3 times natural size.)

Aphelandra anomala is a unique species easily recognized by its
rather large, thin, glandular-pubescent bracts and thickly purple-
dotted, yellowish corollas.

32. Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 64

Suffrutex vel frutex, caulibus glabris, subquadrangularibus; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 187

decurrens, submembranacea, integra vel leviter crenata, utrinque
glabra vel subtus in costa et venis lateralibus parce et minute hirtella ;
petioli breves, crassi, glabri vel parce hirtelli; spicae terminales, soli-
tariae, subsessiles, rhache dense glanduloso-pilosa, pilis patulis ;
bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, puberulae et glanduloso-pilosae, ciliatae ;
bracteae acuminatae, pilosae et ciliatae; calycis segmenta subaequalia,
subcoriacea, striata, marginibus subhyalinis, pilosula, pilis glandu-
losis, patulis, apice bractearum longissimis, segmentum posterius
Janceolatum, apice tridentatum, dentibus anguste triangularibus, seg-
menta anteriora et lateralia anguste lanceolata, apice graciliter acumi-
nata; corolla coccinea(?), parce hirtella, pilis glandulosis vel
eglandulosis, bilabiata, labio superiore erecto, ovato, acuto, labio in-
feriore trilobato, lobis obtusis, basi angustatis, lobo medio suborbicu-
lari vel ovali, lobis lateralibus ellipticis, minoribus; stamina exserta,
antheris utrinque acutis, apice flocculosis, filamentis unifariam pilosis ;
ovarium apice pilosum; capsulae ignotae.

Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs up to 1 meter high or more; stems
glabrous, subquadrangular; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 21 em.
long and 8 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, both surfaces
glabrous except the costa and lateral veins of the lower surface, these
sparingly and minutely hirtellous; petioles about 5 mm. long, thick,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile,
up to 12 cm, long and 25 mm. wide (excluding corollas), the rachis
densely glandular-pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 1 mm. long; bracts
oblong-elliptic, 21 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, puberulous and glandular-
pilose, the minute eglandular hairs intermixed with slender glandular
ones up to 0.25 mm. long, the marginal hairs up to 1 mm. long; bract-
lets slenderly acuminate, pilose and ciliate, the hairs gland-tipped and
about 0.5 mm. long, spreading; calyx segments subequal, 18 to 19 mm.
long, subcoriaceous, striate with subhyaline margins, pilosulous, the
hairs spreading, glandular, 0.25 to 0.3 mm. long or those near the tip
up to 1.5 mm. long, the posterior segment lanceolate, 3.25 mm. wide
near base, tridentate at tip, the teeth triangular-subulate, 1.25 to 4 mm.
long, the lateral teeth shorter or longer than the middle one, all about
0.5 mm. wide at base, the posterior and anterior calyx segments nar-
rowly lanceolate, the anterior pair 2 mm. wide near base, the lateral
ones 1.5 mm. wide; corollas 4 to 7 em. long, red (%), sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs 0.25 to 0.8 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped,
the tube 3.5 to 4 cm. long, 4.5 mm. broad at base, slightly narrowed
above base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 1.5 cm.
long and 16 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip spreading, 3-parted, the
lobes obtuse or rounded, narrowed at base, the middle Jobe suborbicu-
lar to oval, up to 25 mm. long and 20 mm. wide, the lateral lobes ellipti-
cal, about 12 mm. long and 8 mm. wide; stamens exserted, equaling

188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

or slightly exceeding the upper lip, the anthers 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide,
acute at both ends, webby at tip, curved dorsally, the filaments bearing
a line of spreading white hairs about 0.75 mm. long, otherwise gla-
brous; ovary pilose at tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected along the road to Sonsén, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
by J. Triana. An isotype is also in that herbarium.

a

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.
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; :
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. av
ie 7
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Ficure 64.—Aphelandra glischrochlamys Leonard (a-h, Triana s.n.; 1, j, Patin s.n.): a, Tip
of plant (the shading on the leaf blade portrays the light area bordering costa and veins);
b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, marginal
hairs of same; g, tip of same; A, one of the lateral calyx segments; 1, tip of corolla; /,
pubescence of corolla. (a, Half natural size; b-e, h, twice natural size; f, 18 times natural
size; g, about 7 times natural size; 7, natural size; 7, 20 times natural size.)

A specimen collected in the Department of Antioquia, May, 1873,
by Commander C. Patin (K), is also of this species.

The upper surface of the leaf blades of the type material has dried
to a dull blackish olive with a lighter area bordering costa and lateral
veins, suggesting that the upper surfaces of the fresh leaves may have
been purple with costa and veins banded possibly with light green or

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 189

yellowish green. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words
yMexpos, Sticky or clammy, and xAaués, military cloak (i. e., bract).

33. Aphelandra phlogea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 65

Frutex, caulibus teretibus, glabris vel sursum parce puberulis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi angustata, in peti-
olum decurrens, integra, supra subglabra, costa et venis parce hirsutis,
subtus puberulis; petioli minute puberuli; spicae 1 vel plures, spica ter-
minalis subsessilis, spicae laterales pedunculatae, bracteis imbricatis,
ascendentibus vel appressis, rhache tenuiter et dense albo-pilosa, pilis
nonnullis glandulosis; bracteae lanceolatae, apice acutae vel acumi-
natae, dense glanduloso-pilosae, pilis albis, rectis, patulis; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acuminatae, glanduloso-pilosae; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, acuminata, striato-nervata, glanduloso-puberula; corolla flam-
mea, tenuiter pubescens, tubo angusto, leviter curvato, labio superiore
erecto, elliptico, apice emarginato, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato,
labio medio ovali, apice rotundato, lobis lateralibus aliquanto parvis,
apice rotundatis; antherae apice cohaerentes, tomentoso-pilosae ;
ovarium glabrum.

Shrub up to 2 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous, or the upper-
most portions sparingly puberulous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 9 to
16 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. wide, rather slenderly acuminate, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, the upper surface sub-
glabrous bearing a few scattered stout-based hairs, except on the
costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), these sparingly hirsute, the
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, straight and spreading, the lower surface
drying a lighter olive than the upper, puberulous, the hairs borne on
the costa and veins barely 0.5 mm. long, the others much smaller;
petioles (unwinged portion) 1 to 2 cm. long, including the winged
portion up to 6 cm. long, finely puberulous; spikes 1 to several, terminal
and subterminal, including flowers up to about 12 cm. long and 2.5
cm. broad, bracts ascending to appressed, the rachis finely and densely
white-pilose, some of the hairs gland-tipped ; terminal spike subsessile,
the peduncles of the lateral ones up to 2 cm. long, densely puberulous;
bracts lanceolate, 15 mm. long and 10 mm. wide or the lowermost as
much as 3 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, densely white-
glandular-pilose, the hairs 0.5 to 2 mm. long, straight and spreading;
bractlets lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, acuminate, glandular-
pilose; calyx about 17 mm. long, indurated at base, the posterior seg-
ment 4 mm. wide, the anterior pair 2 mm. wide, and the middle pair
barely 3 mm. wide, all striate-nerved, glandular-puberulous, the hairs
about 0.75 mm. long; corolla 5 cm. long, bright flame-color, finely and
moderately pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 3 cm.
long, slightly curved, 4 mm. broad near the base, slightly constricted
at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, the upper

190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip erect, elliptic, 17 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, emarginate, the notch
about 1 mm. deep, the lower lip spreading, the middle lobe oval, about
2 cm. long and 13 mm. wide, the lateral ones oblong, 1 cm. long and 4
mm. wide, all rounded; stamens slightly exserted beyond the upper
lip; anthers 5.5 mm. long, slightly webby-pilose and adhering at their
tips, the filaments pubescent or the upper portions of the two longer
ones glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

ae
"

ANERN

ee ©

Ficure 65.—Aphelandra phlogea Leonard (Haught 3944): a, Tip of stem showing base of
inflorescence; 6, tip of spike; ¢, tip of corolla to show lobes; d, bract; ¢, pubescence of
bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; hf, one of the anterior segments; 1, one of
the lateral segments; j, tip of stamen. (a, b, c, Half natural size; d, f-t, natural size;
¢, about 12 times natural size; 7, 3 times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1708676, collected in
forest near stream above Manaure, Department of Magdalena, Colom-
bia, 800 meters altitude, January 16, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No. 3944).

A phelandra phlogea is probably related to A. anomala although the
two species bear little resemblance to each other. A. phlogea is char-
acterized by its bright, flame-colored corollas and by its rather large,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 191

lanceolate, glandular-pilose bracts. Haught states in a note accom-
panying the type specimen that the flowers are very showy. The name
phlogea (¢désyeos), flame-color, alludes to these brightly colored
corollas.

34. Aphelandra fascinator Linden & André

Aphelandra fascinator Linden & André, Ill. Hort. 21: 42, pl. 164. 1874. Type

locality : Colombia.

Suffrutescent, glabrous, the branches erect, terete, the young tips
slightly puberulous; leaf blades large, 15 cm. long or more, 9 cm. wide,
ovate, acute at apex, narrowed at base and decurrent on petiole, entire,
the upper surface olive-green, the region bordering costa and lateral
veins bright silver, the under surface reddish-violet with costa and
veins dark violet; flowers borne in simple terminal spikes ; bracts ovate,
acuminate, ciliate, decussate, greenish purple, dorsally lineate; calyx
segments acute, equaling one half the length of the corolla tube;
corolla bright scarlet or cinnabar, the tube 7 to 8 cm. long, the limb
5 to 6 cm. broad, the upper lip erect, carinate, the lower 3-parted, the
middle lobe ovate-spatulate, the lateral lobes ovate-unguiculate,
spreading; stamens included.

I have seen no material of Aphelandra fascinator but the plate ac-
companying the original description suggests a relationship with A.
aurantiaca. The name fascinator is a Latin word meaning enchanter.

35. Aphelandra alexandri Leonard

Aphelandra alexandri Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 25: 438. 1935.
Type collected in high forest fringes at El] Humbo, on Mount Chap6n, 130 miles
north of Bogoté, Department of Boyac4, Colombia, February 4, 1933, by
A. E. Lawrance, No. 601. Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stock-
holm. Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbarium. Isotypes in the
herbaria of the Kew, Missouri, and New York Botanical Gardens.

Suffrutescent, glabrous, up to 1 meter high; leaf blades elliptic, up to

15 cm. long and 5 em. wide, acuminate, ending in a blunt point, nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, green,
the costa and lateral veins (9 to 10 pairs) rather prominent; petioles
up to 3 cm. long, winged; flowers borne in terminal sessile spikes up
to 10 cm. long and 2 cm. broad ; bracts rather closely imbricate, erect or
erect-spreading, brilliant red outside and yellow inside, oblong-elliptic,
up to 18 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at base, and 1 cm. wide at middle,
acute at apex, glabrous, subchartaceous, veiny; bractlets linear-
subulate, 1 mm. wide at base, striate; calyx segments lanceolate,
subequal, 8 or 9 mm. long, bearing triangular calluses at base (these
conspicuous on the outside), the posterior segment oblong, 2.5 mm.
wide, 2- or 3-toothed at tip, the anterior pair (1.5 mm. wide) and the
lateral pair (1 mm. wide) narrowly lance-attenuate; corolla about 6
em. long, red (?), glabrous except the lips, these minutely pruinose

228608—53——_6

192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

within, the tube gradually enlarged from 4 mm. at base to 6 mm. at
mouth, the upper lip erect, about 2 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, acute,
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblong-obovate,
about 2 cm. long, 7 to 8.5 mm. wide near the middle, acute or acutish
at apex; stamens slightly exserted, the filaments sparingly, minutely,
and inconspicuously pilose, the anthers 5.5 mm. long; capsules not
seen.

A close relationship exists between Aphelandra alexandri and A.
lawranceae. However, the bracts and corollas of A. alerandri are
glabrous instead of pubescent as in A. lawranceae. The lower bracts
of A. alexandri occasionally bear toward tip several definite but minute
teeth.

The following note written by A. E. Lawrance accompanies the type
specimen : “The two colors (brilliant red on the outside and yellow on
the inside of the sepals) make the red appear orange. Outstanding
plant worth propagating. Said to be used as a remedy for worms in
children by boiling flowers in hot water and drinking same.” The
species is named for Alexander E. Lawrance.

36. Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 66

Frutex, caulibus teretibus, dense strigosis, pilis brunnescentibus,
arcte appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, coriacea, integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus dense pilosa vel subtomentosa ;
petioli breves, crassi, dense pilosi vel subtomentosi, pilis brunnescenti-
bus; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessiles, bracteis laxe imbricatis,
rhache argenteo-pubescente; bracteae anguste ovatae, coriaceae,
glabrae, acutae, parce ciliolatae, costa et nervis lateralibus obscuris ;
bracteolae lanceolatae, attenuatae, acutae, carinatae, dorso albo-tomen-
tosae, areis marginalibus angustis, glabris, striatis; calycis segmenta
acuta, coriacea, obscure striata, molliter pubescentia, segmentum pos-
terius oblongo-lanceolatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata ; corolla (immatura) tenuiter pubescens; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs; stems terete, densely strigose, the hairs light brown, 0.5 mm.
long, closely appressed; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 28 cm. long
and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate at apex, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, coriaceous, entire or undulate, the upper sur-
face glabrous or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely brown
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (about 15 pairs) prominent below, less so above ;
petioles up to 1.5 cm. long and 3 mm. in diameter, densely brown pilose
or subtomentose; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, about 13 cm.
Jong and 1.5 cm. broad, loosely imbricate, the rachis silvery and finely
pubescent; bracts narrowly ovate, 1.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide near base,
acute, coriaceous, glabrous, sparingly ciliolate, the costa and lateral

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 193

nerves obscure; glandular area not apparent; bractlets lanceolate,
2.5 mm. wide near base, attenuate, acute, carinate, dorsally white-
tomentose except a narrow marginal area, this glabrous, subhyaline
and striate; calyx 14 mm. long, the segments coriaceous, obscurely
striate, acute, finely pubescent, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate,
5 mm. wide near base, the anterior pair lanceolate, 3 mm. wide near
base, the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide at base; corolla
(very immature) finely pubescent ; ovary glabrous.

Ficure 66.—Aphelandra lasiophylla Leonard (Triana s. n. Antioquia, Colombia): a, Tip
of stem; b, tip of lower leaf blade (lower surface); c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx
segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateralsegments. (a, b, Half natural
size; c-g, natural size.)

Type in Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in the Department
of Antioquia, Colombia, 1,300 meters altitude, May, 1852, by
J. Triana (s. n.).

Aphelandra lasiophylla has apparently no close affinity to other
Colombian species. Its distinguishing characters lie in the brown,
densely pilose or subtomentose undersurfaces of the leaf blades and the
solitary terminal spikes with a finely silvery pubescent rachis. The
name lasiophylla is derived from Acous, shaggy, and ¢iAor, leaf.

194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

37. Aphelandra conformis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 67

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
parce hirtellis, pilis recurvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acumi-
nata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata et breviter in petiolum decur-
rens, submembranacea, integra vel leviter crenata, utrinque glabra vel
subtus in costa et venis lateralibus plus minusve strigosa ; petioli breves,
parce strigosi; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessiles, rhache angu-
lata, minute et parce puberula; bracteae rhombeo-ovatae, subacutae,
submembranaceae, extus minute puberulae, intus subglabrae, eciliatae
vel apice minute ciliolatae, venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticu-
latis ; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, graciliter acuminatae, subcarina-
tae, striatae, subcoriaceae, apice striatae, minute puberulae ; calycis seg-
menta subaequalia, subcoriacea, minute et obscure puberula, seg-
mentum posterius lanceolatum, acuminatum, apice aliquando dentem
minutum ferens, anteriora anguste, lanceolata, graciliter acuminata,
Jateralia lineari-lanceolata, graciliter acuminata; corolla aurantiaca,
parce et subtiliter pubescens, bilabiata, labio superiore erecto, ovato,
obtuso vel rotundato, inferiore trilobato, lobis obovatis, rotundatis,
medio majore; ovarium parce puberulum; capsulae ignotae.

Herbs up to 40 em. high; stems ascending, subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs recurved, up to 0.25 mm.
Jong; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 10 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and briefly decur-
rent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs)
of the lower surface strigose, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long; pet-
loles up to 1.5 cm. long, sparingly strigose, the hairs similar to
those of costa and veins; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, 3 to
8 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad (without corollas), the rhachis
angled, minutely and sparingly puberulous; bracts rhombic-ovate,
2 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, subacute, submembranaceous, rather prom-
inently nerved, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the outer surface
minutely puberulous, the inner glabrous or nearly so, the margins
eciliate or toward tip very minutely ciliolate; bractlets Jance-subulate,
7mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, subcarinate, striate, subcoriaceous,
minutely puberulous toward tip; calyx segments subequal, 8.5 to 9
mm. long, subcoriaceous, striate (the nerves swollen at base), minutely
and inconspicuously puberulous, the posterior segment lanceolate, 2
mm. wide, acuminate, sometimes with a minute tooth near tip, the
anterior segments narrowly lanceolate and slenderly acuminate, 1.5
mm. wide near base, the lateral segments linear-lanceolate, 0.75 mm.
wide near the base, slenderly acuminate; corolla orange-scarlet, 5 em.
long, sparingly and finely pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
the tube about 3 mm. broad at base, the mouth 7 mm. broad, the upper

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 195

lip erect, ovate, 13 mm. long and 12 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded,
the lower lip 3-parted, the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle one 15
mm. long and 9 mm. wide, the lateral ones 13 mm. long and 7 mm.
wide; stamens slightly exserted but shorter than the upper lip; ovary
sparingly puberulous; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected in damp primeval woods near Viotaé, Department of Cundina-
marca, Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude, February 18, 1876, by Edouard
Francois André (No. 1658). An isotype is also in the Kew herbarium.

Ficure 67.—Aphelandra conformis Leonard (a-g, André 1658; h, Triana): a, Tip of plant;
b, bract; ¢c, bractlet; d, posterior segment of calyx; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f,
tip of same; g, one of the lateral segments; h, tip of corolla. (a, Half natural size; 6, h,
natural size; ¢-e, g, twice natural size; f, 15 times natural size.)

A Triana specimen (K) collected at Pandi, Department of
Cundinamarca, 1,700 meters altitude, is also of this species.
The specific epithet alludes to its close relationship to the following
species, A. lawranceaé.
88. Aphelandra lawranceae Leonard
Aphelandra lawranceae Leonard, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci, 25: 437. 1935.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1482539, collected in forest region
at Agua Perro on Mount Chapdén, Department of Boyacii, Colombia, 1,650
meters altitude, June 17, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 244). Named for Mrs.
A. E. Lawrance.

196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Suffrutescent, up to 1.2 meters high; stems terete, glabrous, more or
less verrucose, the internodes 1.5 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades narrowly
oblong-elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, acuminate at apex
(the tip itself blunt), gradually narrowed from about the middle to
base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, both surfaces
glabrous, the lower surface often dark mauve; petioles up to 2 cm.
long; spike terminal (sometimes subtended by a whorl of 4 or 5 pairs
of leaves), sessile, up to 7 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the rachis puber-
ulous; bracts rather closely imbricate, erect-spreading, oblong-lan-
ceolate, up to 2.5 cm. long and 9 mm. wide (narrowed to 5 mm. at
base), abruptly acuminate to acute at apex, entire, puberulous, ciliate;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide,
1-nerved, striate, puberulous, some of the hairs glandular; calyx seg-
ments subequal, about 9 mm. long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, the
posterior one 3 mm. wide, minutely bidentate at apex, the anterior
pair 1.7 mm. wide, the lateral pair 1.5 mm. wide, all striate and
puberulous toward tip (glandular and eglandular hairs mixed) ;
corolla up to 6.5 cm. long, brilliant red, finely pubescent, the tube
gradually enlarged from 3 mm. at base to 5 mm. at throat, the upper
lip entire, oblong, about 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes subequal or the lateral ones slightly shorter, up to
2 cm. long, the middle lobe obovate, up to 8 mm. wide, the lateral lobes
oblong, up to 6 mm. wide; filaments about 3.5 em long, glabrous or
minutely pubescent toward base; staminode slender, about 18 mm.
Jong, pubescent at tip; style puberulous; ovary glabrous below,
pilosulous above.

BoyacAd: Mount Chapén, Lawrance 248 (K) ; 244 (K, US type) ; 252 (K, US).

CUNDINAMARCA; Bogota, Saunders s. n. (K).

39. Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard, sp. nov. FIGureE 68

Suffrutex; caulibus parce ramosis, subteretibus, glabris vel parce
hirtellis vel ad nodos aliquanto hirtellis; lamina foliorum anguste
oblongo-elliptica, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel in costa hirtella et subtus in venis lateralibus puberula vel
hirtella; petioli graciles, plus minusve hirtelli; spicae plures, termi-
nales, subsessiles, confertae, rhache angulata, subtiliter puberula, pilis
patulis; bracteae ascendentes, imbricatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae,
basi angustatae, submembranaceae, puberulae, ciliatae, pilis albis,
patulis vel ascendentibus; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, graciliter
acuminatae, striatae, apice parce puberulae; calycis segmenta sub-
aequalia, subcoriacea, striato-nervata, ciliolata, apice parce puberula,
segmentum posterius lanceolatum, aliquando abrupte acuminatum,
prope apicem aliquando pilos paucos minutos ferens, anteriora et
lateralia anguste lanceolata, graciliter acuminata; corolla coccinea,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 197

aliquando pubescens, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-
ovato, acuto, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis subaequalibus, patulis vel
reflexis, oblanceolatis, subobtusis; stamina exserta, filamentis glabris,
antheris linearibus, basi acutis, apice subobtusis, pubescentibus; stylus
retrorse hirtellus; ovarium pilosum ; capsulae ignotae.

Suffrutescent; stems up to 1.8 meters high, subterete, glabrous or
very sparingly hirtellous or moderately hirtellous at the nodes, spar-
ingly branched; leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, up to 12 cm.
long and 3 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip slender, often curved, its
apex blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, sub-

Ficure 68.—Aphelandra colombiensis Lindau ex Leonard (Lehmann 7440): a, Tip of plant;
b, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, tip of same; f, one of the anterior calyx
segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, tip of same. (a, Half natural size; b, natural
size; c, d, f, g, twice natural size; ¢, 20 times natural size; h, 16 times natural size.)

membranaceous, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous or nearly
so except the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), these rather
obscure, the costa of both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, subappressed, the lateral veins beneath puberulous or sparingly
hirtellous; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, slender, more or less hirtellous;
spikes several, terminal, subsessile, crowded, forming a headlike
cluster up to 8 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, these subtended by a pair
of leaflike bracts about 7 cm. long and 8 mm. wide, the rachis angled,
finely puberulous, the hairs spreading; bracts ascending, closely im-
bricate, oblong-lanceolate, 30 mm. long, 8 mm. wide slightly below
middle, acute, narrowed toward base, submembranaceous, puberu-

198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lous, ciliate, the marginal hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, ascending to
spreading, the costa and lateral nerves barely prominent; bractlets
narrowly lanceolate, 11 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, slenderly acumi-
nate, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly puberulous toward tip; calyx
segments subequal, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, sparingly puberu-
lous toward tip, the posterior segment lanceolate, rather abruptly
acuminate, sparingly ciliolate at tip, a few of the hairs sometimes
glandular, the anterior and lateral segments narrowly lanceolate,
slenderly acuminate, sparingly ciliolate, the anterior ones 1.5 mm. wide
near base, the lateral ones 1 mm. wide; corollas dark scarlet, up to 6 cm.
long, rather densely pubescent, the hairs white, more or less curved,
about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, 5 mm. broad at
mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, 9 mm. wide near
base, acute, the lower lip 3-parted to base, spreading or reflexed, sub-
equal, oblanceolate, about 18 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, subobtuse, ob-
scurely veiny ; stamens exserted about 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, the filaments slender, glabrous, the anthers hnear, straight
or slightly curved, about 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute at base,
subobtuse and hairy at tip, the style sparingly and more or less re-
trorsely hirtellous; ovary pilose at tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected in dense bushwood formations on the Altos de Mismis above
Supia, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,700 to 2,000 meters altitude,
July 1891, by F. C. Lehmann (No. 7440).

A specimen of Lehmann’s No. 7440 in the Berlin Herbarium bears
in Lindau’s handwriting his determination Aphelandra colombiensis
n. sp. A photograph (No. 8662) of this specimen is in the U. S. Na-
tional Herbarium.

40. Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 69

Frutex, caulibus sursum strigosis; lamina foliorum obovata, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi angustata, leviter sinuato-dentata vel integra,
supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus dense strigosa, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus; spica terminalis, subsessilis, oblongo-ovatis,
bracteis imbricatis, rhache strigosa; bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, acutae
vel subobtusae, apiculatae, tenues, virides, pergamentaceae, glabrae,
costa pubescente excepta; bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae, tenues,
venosae, apice spina parva terminatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
apice acuta vel acuminata, substriata; corolla subgilva, fauce flava,
fragrans, pubescens, labiis aliquanto brevibus, subaequalibus, labio
superiore erecto, bilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis, apiculatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobis ovalibus vel suborbicularibus, obtusis;
ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs 1 to 2 meters high, up to 5 cm. in diameter at base, the
branches upwardly strigose; leaf blades obovate, up to 25 cm. long

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 199

and 12 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base to a short
petiole 5 mm. long, shallowly sinuate-dentate or entire, glabrous above
or sparingly strigose, the lower surface densely strigose, the hairs about
1 mm. long, the costa and the lateral veins (6 to 12 pairs) rather
prominent, more so than above; flowers borne in a subsessile termi-

Ficure 69.—Aphelandra boyacensis Leonard (Lawrance 565): a, Tip of stem; d, tip of leaf
blade (lower surface); ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the an-
terior segments; g, one of the lateral segments. (a, 6, Half natural size; cg, natural
size.)

nal oblong-ovate spike about 7 cm. long and 3.5 cm. in diameter, the
rachis sparingly strigose; bracts imbricate, oblong-elliptic, 3.5 cm.
long, 17 or 18 mm. wide (the uppermost smaller), acute or obtusish
(tipped by a point 0.5 mm. long), thin, green, coarsely reticulate
(the meshes open), pergamentaceous, glabrous except the costa, this
sometimes sparingly pubescent; bractlets lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 5 mm.

200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide, glabrous, thin, veiny, each ending in a minute spine; calyx pale
green, conical, the segments lanceolate, the posterior one about 15 mm.
long and 3.5 mm. wide, the anterior pair slightly shorter and more
narrowed, the lateral pair 13 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, all acute or
acuminate and substriate; corolla pubescent without, about 3 cm. long,
very fragrant, creamish, the throat yellow, the lobes ovate to sub-
orbicular, about 8 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in a
deep forest at El Humbo, Department of Boyacé, Columbia, “8,000
ft.” altitude, November 7, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 865). Type
fragments in the U.S. National Herbarium. Isotypes in the herbaria
of the Missouri and the New York Botanical Gardens.

A phelandra boyacensis has the general appearance of A. prismatica
Nees of Brazil but can be separated by its larger and relatively wider
leaf blades, these densely strigose beneath instead of practically gla-
brous, and by its shorter and broader spike. The corollas of A. pris-
matica have a more slender tube than do those of this new species and
are yellow instead of cream and yellow. Named for the Department
from whence the type was procured. Only a fragmentary corolla
could be found for examination on the type specimen, this consisting
practically of lobes only.

41, Aphelandra arisema Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 70

Herba vel suffrutex; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acumi-
nata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, sub-
membranacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra vel subtus parce
puberula; spicae terminales, solitariae (7), subsessiles, rhache angu-
lata, subtiliter puberula, pilis patulis; bracteae ascendentes, imbri-
catae, oblongo-ellipticae, acutae, basi angustatae, puberulae, ciliatae,
nervis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; bracteolae subulatae,
striatae, puberulae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, graciliter acuminata,
subchartacea, striata, puberula; corolla ignota; capsulae cylindrico-
clavatae, apice obtusae et apiculatae, minute puberulae; retinacula
recta, apice cucullata; semina plana, suborbiculata, glabra.

Herb or low shrub; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 30 cm. long
and 6 cm. wide, rather slenderly and somewhat abruptly acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
submembranaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous or the lower surface
sparingly puberulous; spike terminal, subsessile, solitary (%), up to
26 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, the rachis angled, finely puberulous,
the hairs spreading; bracts ascending or nearly erect, rather closely
imbricate, oblong-elliptic, 2.5 cm. long, 8 mm. wide at middle, acute,
narrowed at base, puberulous, ciliate, the marginal hairs about 0.25
mm. long, the nerves rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate;
bractlets subulate, 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, slenderly

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 201

acuminate, striate, puberulous; calyx 1 cm. long, the segments lanceo-
late, slenderly acuminate, subchartaceous, striate, puberulous, the
posterior segment 2.5 mm. wide near base, the anterior segments 2 mm.
wide and the lateral segments 1.5 mm. wide near the base; corolla not
seen; capsules cylindrically clavate, about 1.5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad,

Ficure 70.—Aphelandra arisema Leonard (Triana s. n., Novita): a, Spike; , leaf;
c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of
the lateral segments; h, tip of same; 1, retinaculum. (a, 6, Half natural size; c, natural
size; d-g, twice natural size; h, 10 times natural size; 7, 4 times natural size.)

2 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate at tip, minutely puberulous; retin-
acula erect, nearly straight, about 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad at base,
the tip bluntly cucullate; seeds brown, flat, suborbicular, 2.5 mm. in
diameter, glabrous.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
collected in the Province of Chocé, Névita, Colombia, 170 meters

202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

altitude, March, 1853, by J. Triana. An isotype, badly fragmented, is
in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano.

The lack of corollas on the material examined might possibly be due
to cleistogamy. ‘The type material is in rather poor condition and
consists only of detached leaves and spikes. Nevertheless, the species
seems clearly distinct. The specific epithet is from the Greek
anu , meaning very remarkable.

A lighter area bordering the costa of the leaf blades, which is notice-
able in the dried material, may indicate that, typical of a number of
species of Aphelandra of the Lagochilium type, the leaf blades of the
live plants were variegated, possibly purple with light greenish or
whitish areas following costa and veins.

42, Aphelandra killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 71

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum magna, elliptica vel
obovata, apice acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata, in pe-
tiolum decurrens, supra glabra vel costa pilos raros minutos appressos
ferens, minute alveolata, subtus parce et minute pubescens, pilis
appressis, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus; petioli breves,
glabri; spica solitaria, triangularis, sessilis, anguste conica, bracteis
arcte imbricatis, rhache glabra; bracteae coriaceae, oblongae, apice
rotundatae, mucronatae, obscure striato-nervatae, glabrae, marginibus
hyalinis; bracteolae minutae, triangulares, graciliter acuminatae,
trinervatae; calycis segmenta minuta, glabra, triangularia, segmen-
tum posterius apice bidentatum, alia graciliter acuminata; corolla
subrubra, deorsum glabra, sursum glanduloso-pubescens, tubo angusto,
labio superiore ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis et minute
apiculatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio suborbiculari, lobis
lateralibus oblongis, apice, rotundatis, fasciculum parvum pilorum
ferentibus; antherae apice cohaerentes, dorso tomentosae; ovarium
glabrum.

Coarse suffrutescent plants up to 80 cm. high; stems glabrous; leaf
blades elliptic to obovate, up to 28 cm. long and 14.5 cm. wide, acumi-
nate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed from middle or slightly above
the middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous,
glabrous above or the costa bearing a few appressed hairs about 0.5
mm. long, minutely alveolate, the lower surface sparingly and mi-
nutely pubescent, the hairs 0.25 mm. long or less, appressed, the costa
and lateral veins (12 to 14 pairs) conspicuous, more so beneath than
above; petioles thick (unwinged portion), up to 1 cm. long, glabrous;
spike solitary, terminal, sessile, slenderly conic, about 10 cm. long,
2 cm. broad near base, the bracts appressed, the rachis glabrous; bracts
coriaceous, oblong, 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide slightly above the
middle, rounded and minutely mucronate at apex (the margins hy-
aline), apparently striate-nerved (the meshes of the reticulations com-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 203

pressed), glabrous; bractlets minute, triangular, 2 mm. long, about
1 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate, 3-nerved, subhyaline; calyx
segments about 0.75 mm. long, the posterior segment apparently
bidentate, the others triangular-subulate, glabrous; corolla reddish,
glabrous proximally, glandular-pubescent distally, the hairs barely

Ficure 71.—Aphelandra hillipii Leonard (Killip 35374): a, Tip of stem; 4, upper surface
of a portion of leaf blade to show markings (appearing alveolar under weak magnifica-
tion); ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx segments; f, corolla; g, middle lobe of lower lip; h,
lateral lobe. (a, f, Half natural size; b, about 10 times natural size; c, g, h, natural size;
d, ¢, about one and a half times natural size.)

0.25 mm. long, the tube slender, the throat about 4 mm. broad, the
upper lip ovate, about 4 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes rounded,
about 1.5 mm. long, minutely apiculate, the middle lobe of the lower
lip suborbicular, about 5 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, the lateral lobes
oblong, about 6 mm. long and barely 3 mm. wide, obtuse, these and
the lobes of the upper lip bearing a tuft of several minute hairs;
stamens slightly exserted beyond the throat of the corolla, the anthers

204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

barely 3 mm. long, adhering by the webby, dorsally borne hairs, these
about 1 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. 8. Nationa] Herbarium, No. 1772091, collected in
second growth forest at Andagoya, Department of Chocé, Colombia,
70 to 100 meters altitude, April 27, 1939, by E. P. Killip (No. 35374).

If compared with Aphelandra dolichantha, a related Colombian
species, A. killipii can be recognized by its reddish flowers, glabrous
stems, and obtuse bracts. The corolla of A. dolichantha is white or
cream, the stem pubescent, at least toward tip, and the bracts acu-
inate.

43. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 72

Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum glabris, sursum retrorso-strigosis, pilis
brunneis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel obovata, breviter acu-
minata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata,
subcoriacea, supra glabra vel parce strigosa, subtus mediocriter vel
dense strigosa; petioli strigosi; spica solitaria, terminalis, conica vel
cylindrica, bracteis aliquanto laxe appressis, rhache strigosa; bracteae
oblongo-ellipticae, apice subobtusae et apiculatae, striato-venosae, sur-
sum glabrae, deorsum strigosae; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, acu-
minatae, minutae, tenues; corolla gilva, dense brunneo-hirsuta, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore oblongo, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio ovali, rotundato, lobis lateralibus
lanceolatis, obtusis; ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 40 em. high; stems glabrous below, the
upper portions rather densely and retrorsely strigose, the hairs about
0.5 mm. long, brownish; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to obovate, up to
17 cm. long and 6.5 cm wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, the upper
surface green, glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5 mm.
Jong, the lower surface pale ashy, more densely strigose than above,
the costa and veins (10 to 12 pairs) rather prominent; petioles (un-
winged portion) about 1 em. long, retrorsely strigose like the stems;
spike solitary, terminal, about 12 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, the bracts
rather loosely appressed, the rachis strigose; bracts oblong-elliptic,
3cm. long, 14.5 mm. wide, obtusish and minutely apiculate at apex,
apparently closely striate-veined (the meshes of the reticulations com-
pressed), opaque, bordered by a narrow subhyaline margin about 0.5
mm. wide, the lower half of the bract strigose, the hairs 0.75 mm. long,
the upper half glabrous; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 6 mm. long,
about 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed into a slender tip, thin,
sparingly strigose dorsally; calyx sezments minute, triangular, about
0.75 mm. long and broad, acuminate, thin, subhyaline; corolla cream
white, about 3 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs more or less ap-
pressed, 0.75 mm. long, brown, the tube 3.5 mm. broad at base, 5 mm.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 205

broad at mouth, the lips about equal, the upper lip oblong, about 4
mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded, the middle lobe of the
lower lip oval, about 9 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, rounded, the lateral
lobes lanceolate, 8 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide at middle, blunt at tip;
stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla and probably slightly ex-
serted; ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.

Ficure 72.—Aphelandra cuatrecasasit Leonard (Cuatrecasas 16705): a, Tip of stem; J,
microscopic view of upper leaf surface (appearing alveolate under lens); ¢, lower node
showing part of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract; ¢, bractlet; f, corolla limb; g, posterior
calyx lobe; h, anterior and lateral lobes. (a, ¢, Half natural size; b, about 28 times natural
size; d-f, natural size; g, h, about three times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852501, collected at La
Trojita, along the Rio Calima, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 5
to 50 meters altitude, February 19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatrecasas
(No. 16705). Killip’s No. 34938 (US), collected in dense forest east
of Buenaventura, El Valle, near sea level, April 12, 1939, is also this
species.

Aphelandra cuatrecasasii, like A. killipii, is related to A. doli-
chantha, but differs by its obtusish bracts. The cream-colored corollas
and narrow lanceolate bractlets of A. cuatrecasasii serve to distinguish

206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

it from A. Aillipii, a species with reddish corollas and triangular
bractlets.

The following field note accompanies the type: “Sufrutex, 30-40
cm.; hoja herbacea verde claro haz, p&lida cenicienta envés; brécteas
verdoso amarillento p4lidas; corola blanco crema.”

44. Aphelandra dolichantha Donn. Smith

Aphelandra dolichantha Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 27: 488. 1899. Type collected
at Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, Costa Rica, 300 meters altitude, Febru-
ary 1896, by John Donnell Smith, No. 6689. Type in the U. 8. National
Herbarium, No. 1320095. The specific name is derived from two Greek
words, Sodtxés, long, and &»éos, flower.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 1.2 meters high; stems glabrous,
or pubescent toward tip, the hairs brownish, about 0.5 mm. long,
retrorsely appressed ; leaf blades elliptic to oblong-elliptic, up to 22
cm. long and 12 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate at apex (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, per-
gamentaceous, lustrous, entire, the upper surface minutely alveolar,
drying dark green, glabrous or bearing a few scattered appressed hairs
less than 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (usually to 8 to 14
pairs) plane or slightly elevated, less prominent than on the lower
surface, this drying light green or olive, subglabrous to finely strigose,
the hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm. long, evenly distributed or confined
chiefly to costa and basal portions of the lateral veins, retrorsely ap-
pressed; petioles up to 8 cm. long, the pubescence similar to that of
the stem; spikes terminal, cylindric, solitary or occasionally in 3’s, up
to 12 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the rachis angular, pilose or sub-
glabrous, the hairs fine, up to 1.5 mm. long, upwardly appressed to
spreading; bracts closely imbricate or spreading with age, ovate-
lanceolate, 2.5 to 4. cm. long, 1 to 1.3 cm. wide, acuminate, green, multi-
nerved (the meshes of the reticulations compressed), glabrous or more
or less appressed-pilose, the margins subhyaline but not well defined,
minutely ciliolate; bractlets linear-subulate, 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, carinate, striate-nerved, sparingly pilose and minutely puberu-
lous, the smaller hairs gland-tipped; calyx minute, the segments
subulate to lance-subulate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, less than 0.5 mm. wide at
base, the pubescence similar to that of the bractlets; corolla white or
pale cream, glandular-pubescent except the lobes, these glabrous, the
tube slender, up to 6 cm. long but barely 2 mm. broad, the throat short
and but slightly ampliate, about 4 mm. broad, the posterior lip oblong,
13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 2-lobed, the lobes about 3 mm. long and 2.5
mm. wide, rounded, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong-elliptic,
18 to 20 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide, the lateral lobes linear-oblong, 15
to 17 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, all rounded at apex ; stamens included,
the filaments about 6 mm. long, affixed at the base of the throat, the

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 207

anthers 3 mm. long, apiculate, adhering by a lateral beard ; dise cupu-
liform; style included; capsules narrowly clavate, about 15 mm. long
and 3 mm. broad, glabrous, minutely punctate; seed flattened,
obliquely ovoid, 5.5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad, barely 1 mm. thick,
smooth, brown.

A sciaphilous species blooming from October to May, A phelandra
dolichantha is readily distinguishable by its slender, white corolla and
minute glandular calyces. Donnell Smith in his description of the
type evidently mistook the bractlets for calyx lobes (“segmenta
linearia 8-10 mm. longa”) and failed to find the minute calyx alto-
gether. The vernacular name in the Chocé is “Babosa” (Archer
2003).

In Colombia this plant is usually found between altitudes of 50
and 825 meters. Its range extends northward from Colombia into
Guatemala.

CHocé: La Concepcién, 15 km. east of Quibd6, Archer 2003 (US).

EL VALLE: Cordoba, Killip & Hernando Garcia-Barriga 33444 (US). Along

the Rfo Calima, near Cordoba, Killip 11788 (US). Rio Digua Valley, between
La Elsa and Rio Blanco, Killip 34788 (US).

45, Aphelandra craura Leonard, sp. nov. FIGcuRe 73

Suffrutex erectus, fragilis, caulibus retrorse strigosis; lamina
foliorum obovata vel elliptica, apice rotundata vel subacuminata, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, undulata, supra parce
strigosa, pilis minutis, subtus dense et molliter strigosa, pilis sub-
brunneis minutis, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus; petioli
breves, dense et minute strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures fascicu-
latae, ovatae, sessiles, rhache plus minusve glabra; bracteae oblongae
infimae apice obtusae, superiores apice acutae, subchartaceae, deorsum
parce et minute pilosae, ut videtur striato-nervatae, maculis reticu-
lorum angustis; bracteolae lanceolato-subulatae, integrae vel subinde
dentem parvum ferentes, glabrae vel parce ciliolatae, trinervatae,
subhyalinae; calycis segmenta ovata vel triangularia, apice acuminata
vel rotundata et minute apiculata; corolla subpurpurea, tubo angus-
tato, pubescente, pilis brunneis sursum appressis, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo, apice bilabiato, lobis ovatis, subacutis, labio inferiore
patulo, trilobato, lobo medio ovato, obtuso, labiis lateralibus lanceo-
latis, obtusis.

Plants suffrutescent, erect, brittle, up to 1 meter high; stems re-
trorsely strigose, at least above; leaf blades obovate to elliptic, rounded
or subacuminate at apex, narrowed from middle or above middle to
base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, undulate, the upper
surface sparingly strigose, the hairs about 425 » long, the lower surface
densely and softly strigose, the hairs brownish, about 425 » long, the
costa thick, the lateral veins (about 10 pairs) more or less prominent ;

228609—53——7

208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

petioles (unwinged portion) about 5 mm. long, densely strigose;
spikes solitary or several, terminal, ovate, sessile, subtended by several
small lanceolate bractlike leaves up to 27 mm. long and 6 mm. wide,
these acute at apex, the rachis more or less glabrous; bracts oblong,
up to 3 cm. long and 10 mm. wide, the lowermost obtuse, the upper
acutish, sparingly and minutely pilose toward base, subchartaceous,
apparently striate-veined, the meshes of the reticulations narrow;

Ficure 73,—Aphelandra craura Leonard (Haught 5337): a, Tip of stem; b, bract; ¢, bract-
let; d, calyx segments. (a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c, about one and a half
times natural size; d, about 4 times natural size.)

bractlets lance-subulate, up to 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base,
entire or occasionally bearing a small tooth toward tip, glabrous or
bearing a few marginal hairs about 0.5 mm. long, 3-nerved, sub-
hyaline; calyx segments minute, ovate to triangular, about 0.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, short-acuminate or rounded and minutely apicu-
late; corolla purplish, about 3 cm. long, pubescent except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs upwardly appressed, about 0.5 mm. long,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 209

brownish, the tube slender, the upper lip erect, oblong, 7 mm. long
(flower immature) and 4 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes ovate,
about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at base, subacute, the middle lobe
of the lower lip spreading, ovate, 1 cm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, obtuse,
the lateral lobes lanceolate, 1 cm. long and 38 mm. wide, obtuse at apex;
ovary and capsule not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950448, collected along
highway near Buenaventura, Department of El Valle, Colombia,
100 meters or less altitude, December 8, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No.
5337). F.C. Lehmann s. n. (K), from the same general locality, is
also of this species. The label on the Kew sheet bears the following
note: “Stengel bis 1 m. hoch, fingerdick. Blatter fast fleischig, matt
griin. Bliithen rothlich-gelbeweiss.”

A close relationship exists between Aphelandra craura and A. dolt-
chantha. Aphelandra craura, however, has purplish corollas instead
of white and the lower surfaces of the leaf blades are densely, softly,
and almost silkily strigose. The name craura is from xpaipos, meaning
brittle, in allusion to the succulent, brittle stems.

46. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 74

Frutex gracilis, parce ramosus, erectus vel ascendens, caulibus
sursum subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis plus minusve patulis,
brunnescentibus vel albidis, deorsum teretibus, glabratis; lenticellae
minutae; lamina foliorum oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel late ob-
lanceolata, apice plus minusve acuminata (apice ipso saepe curvato),
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel undu-
lata, supra parce hirsuta, costa et venis lateralibus dense hirsutis, pilis
brunneis, ascendentibus, subtus aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis patulis
vel ascendentibus; petioli breves, dense pilosi; spicae solitariae vel
plures fasciculatae vel paniculas laxas formantes, rhache albo-tomen-
tosa; bracteae imbricatae, rhombeo-ovatae, acuminatae, minute pu-
berulae vel glabratae, deorsum minute pubescentes vel pilosae, corl-
aceae, ciliatae, costa et venis prominentibus; ocelli (3-6) elliptici,
fusco-lucentes, contigui vel aliquando coalescentes; bracteolae lanceo-
latae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, carina dense albo-pilosa ; calycis
segmenta striato-nervata, puberula, apice acuta vel subobtusa et
apiculata, ciliolata, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, segmenta
anteriora lanceolata, segmenta media lineari-lanceolata; corolla
angusta, rubra, minute puberula, labio posteriore erecto, bilobato,
lobis lanceolatis, tenuiter acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo
medio patulo, anguste elliptico, acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, apice
rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina exserta, an-
theris dorso pilosis. ;

Slender shrubs up to 3 or occasionally 5 meters high, sparingly
branched, the stems erect or ascending (sometimes tortuous) , subquad-

210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rate and densely pilose toward tip, the hairs light brown or whitish,
up to 2 mm. long, spreading, descending, or appressed, the lower
portions of the stem terete, gray, glabrate, the lenticels minute and
corky; leaf blades oblong to oblong-elliptic or broadly oblanceolate,
the uppermost 15 to 30 cm. long and 5 to 10 cm. wide, the lowermost
as much as 45 cm. long and 16.5 cm. wide, all more or less abruptly
acuminate (the apex often more or less curved), gradually narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface drying olive or brownish, glabrate or sparingly
hirsute, the costa and lateral veins densely so, the hairs light brown,
appressed or ascending, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins
(14 to 20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower sur-
face drying light olive-green, more densely pilose than above, the
hairs 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long, appressed, ascending, or spreading, the
venation rather prominent; petioles up to 1.5 or occasionally 2 em.
Jong, the pubescence similar to that of the stem; spikes solitary or, if
several, fascicled, or often forming a loose panicle (the terminal spike
subsessile, the lateral ones pedunculate) 5 to 17 em. long, 5 to 7 cm.
broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, the pubescence that of the stems,
the rachis white-cottony; bracts closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, 9
mm. long, 6 to 6.5 mm. wide at 1.5 mm. above base, acute, minutely
puberulous or glabrate, pubescent or pilose toward base, coriaceous,
ciliate, the costa and several pairs of nerves on either side prominent
below the middle of the bract, the ocelli 3 to 6, elliptic, about 1 mm.
long and 0.75 mm. wide, flat, varnished, variously grouped, contiguous
or sometimes fused ; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide,
carinate, the keel densely white-pilose, the hairs very fine, about 0.6
mm. long, ascending, striate-nerved, the nerves curved at base, the
margins thin; calyx 8 to 8.5 mm. long, the posterior segment narrowly
ovate, 8 mm. wide near middle, the anterior pair lanceolate, 2 mm.
wide, the lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, these obtusish
and apiculate, the others acute, all minutely puberulous, ciliate toward
tip and striate-nerved, the nerves indurate at base; corolla red, mi-
nutely puberulous, 6.5 cm. long from base to tip of upper lip, the tube
3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm. at 7 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to a slightly curved cylindric throat about 6 mm.
broad, the upper lip erect, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. wide at base of lobes,
these lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, the
middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, narrowly elliptic, 2.5 cm. long,
slightly more than 6 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes adnate in part
to the upper lip, their free portions 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip; stamens exserted about 15 mm. beyond the mouth of
the corolla tube, the anthers 6 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, the basal lobes

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 211

minutely apiculate, the cells dorsally pilose; pistils glabrous; capsules
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1774446, collected in
woods and thickets of Zurubi, Cafio Cuduyari, Comisaria of Vaupés,
Colombia, 200 meters altitude, October 15, 1939, by J. Cuatrecasas
(No. 7223).

Ficure 74.—Aphelandra pilosa Leonard (Cuairecasas 7223): a, ‘Tip of plant, showing lower
part of inflorescence; b, tip of leaf blade (upper surface); c, branch of inflorescence; d,
bract; e, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior segments; h, one of the
lateral segments; 4, tip of corolla; j, pubescence of the corolla. (a-c, Half natural size;
d-h, twice natural size; i, natural size; 7, about 20 times natural size.)

BoyracA: In warmer valleys, Dawe 900 (K).

CaquEeTA: Woods at Sucre, 1,000 to 1,300 meters altitude, April 4, 1940,
Cuatrecasas 9052 (US).

META: Woods of Cafio Quenane, January 25, 1942, Dugand € Jaramillo 3117
(US). About 12 km. southeast of Villavicencio, 400 meters altitude, January 9,
1939, Haught 2536 (US).

PuTuMAyo: Wet woods along Rfo Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, 230 meters
altitude, November 14, 1940, Cuatrecasas 10562 (US). Puerto Porvenir, above
Puerto Ospina, 230 to 250 meters, November 19, 1940, Cuatrecasas 10656 (US).

Vaupfés: Mesa La Lindosa, Idrobo & Schultes 631 (US); Rfo Guaviare at

212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

San José del Guaviare, 240 meters altitude, November 6, 1939, Cuatrecasas 7478
(US).

Aphelandra pilosa resembles, in most respects, A. pulcherrima but
unlike that species it has a dense, more or less spreading pubescence
covering the upper portions of the stems and underside of the leaf
blades, the hairs being up to 2 mm. long, instead of about 1 mm., as in
A. pulcherrima. The name pilosa, hairy, alludes to this characteristic
pubescence.

47. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) H. B. K.

Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 11. 1762: Stirp. Amer. 6, pl. 2,
fig. 4. 17638. Type locality: “Habitat frequens Carthagenae in sylvaticus
montis de la Popa.” The illustration consists of a leaf and a corolla.
Pulcherrima (very beautiful) alludes, no doubt, to the general aspect of the
entire plant.

Aphelandra pulcherrima H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817. Based on
Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Humboldt cites two collections, one from a
shady place near Turbaco and the other from the mouth of the Rio Sint, both
in Colombia. Photograph of the Turbaco plant in the U. 8. National Her-
barium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8713).

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters high; stems erect, spar-
ingly branched, obscurely quadrangular toward tip, pubescent to
tomentose, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, straight and more or less
spreading or variously curved, whitish, the lower portions of the stems
terete, light grayish green, sparingly pubescent to glabrate, the lenti-
cels scattered, elliptic, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, corky; leaf blades ovate to
oblong-elliptic, 8 to 20 cm. long, 3.5 to 10 em. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself blunt and minutely apiculate to acutish), narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, entire, undulate or shallowly crenate,
the supper surface drying olive, finely pubescent or glabrate, the hairs
curved, less than 0.5 mm. long, subappressed, the costa flat or shal-
lowly impressed, the lateral veins (16 to 20 pairs) 3 to 14 mm. apart,
slightly raised, the lower surface drying to light green or gray, softly
and usually densely pubescent, the hairs up to 1 mm. long, curved to
nearly straight, the pubescence usually denser on costa and veins, these
prominent, the veinlets finely reticulate; petioles about 5 mm. long,
the pubescence similar to that of the costa; spikes solitary or several
in a fascicle, quadrangular, terminal, subsessile, up to 10 cm. long
and 8 mm. broad, the rachis white-cottony-tomentose; bracts
rhombic-ovate, 6 to 7 mm. long, 4.5 to 5 mm. wide at middle, 2 to 8
mm. wide at base, acute at apex, dorsally finely and densely puberulous
becoming white-pilose toward base, ventrally glabrous except toward
margins, here finely pubescent, obscurely striate-nerved, the costa and
a pair of lateral nerves prominent, reticulately veined toward margin ;
ocelli solitary, in twos, or sometimes several, distinct or more or less
fused, conspicuous, orbicular to elliptic, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, about 0.75

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 213

mm. wide, dark brown or blackish, nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 7 mm.
long, about 2 mm. wide near base, acute at apex, falcate, obliquely
subcarinate, puberulous without, glabrous within, finely striate-
nerved; calyx about 8 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong, 3 mm.
wide, the lateral segments lanceolate, about 2 mm. wide, the middle
pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, all acute and striate-nerved ;
corolla bright red or scarlet, minutely puberulous, 5 to 6 cm. long,
about 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at tip of ovary,
thence gradually enlarged and slightly ventricose, about 6 mm. broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 15 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, 2-lobed,
the lobes narrowly triangular, 9 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, slenderly
acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, erect or spreading with age, the
middle lobe linear-oblong, 24 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, abruptly
acuminate, the lateral lobes about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, ob-
tusish, adnate in part to the upper lip; stamens exserted about 7 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; ovary and style glabrous;
capsules oblong, obtuse at apex, glabrous.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Picigallo (ZTias 860), Cresta de Gallo (Elias
705), Pié de Gallo (Bro. Heriberto 415), Pisigallo (Dugand & Jara-
millo 4053), Titirigallo (Dugand & Jaramillo 4053).

Partial to damp, shady places, usually in thickets or low marshy re-
gions. Found at low altitudes mostly under 900 meters. Mexico to
northern South America and in a few West Indian localities.

ArtAntico: Arroyo de Megua, Dugand & Jaramillo 2800 (US). Barranquilla,
Bro. Elias 440 (US). Los Pendales, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2549 (US);
Dugand & Jaramillo 2701 (US). Luruaco, Bro. Apolinar Angel 491 (US). Piojé,
vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro, Elias 705 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias
860 (US). Tubardé, Dugand & Jaramillo 4053 ( US). Usiacurf Araque & Barkley
19At.081 (US) ; Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2273 (US).

Borfvar: Arjona, Killip & Smith 14516 (NY, US). Caflo Papayal, vicinity of
Estrella, Lands of Loba, Curran 821 (US). Cartagena, Billberg s. n., Dec. 1825
(S); Billberg, s. n., 1826 (8); Bro. Heriberto 268 (US). Castillo La Popa,
vicinity of Cartagena, Araque & Barkley 19B0.033 (US). La Popa, Biliberg
s. n., Dec. 1825 (S). Monteria, Bechara, Araque & Barkley 19Bo.218 (US).
Sahagtin, Pennell 4108 (NY). Turbaco, Bro. Heriberto 415 (NY, US); Killip &
Smith 14310 (NY, US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Casas Viejas, Triana s. n., 1851-1857 (NY).

MacpaLtena: Codazzi, Haught 3759 (US). Poponte, Cyril Allen 845 (Mo).

META: Villavicencio, Triana s.n. (US).

Norte DE SANTANDER: La Esmeralda, Killip & Smith 20931 (NY, US). Rio
Zulia, Araque-Molina, Otdlora & Barkley 18N8.066 (US).

48. Aphelandra schieferae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 75

Frutex, caulibus sursum dense cinereo-pubescentibus vel subto-
mentosis, pilis sursum appressis vel ascendentibus; lamina foliorum
oblanceolata, apice acuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, cre-
nata, supra parce hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus dense hirtellis,

214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

pilis brunnescentibus, appressis vel ascendentibus, subtus dense et
molliter pilosa, pilis ascendentibus vel patulis; petioli subtomentosi;
paniculae magnae, laxae, frondosae, spicis saepe pluribus, parvis, axe
et pedunculis tomentosis, rhache argenteo-tomentosa; bracteae vivae
coccineae, siccae brunneae, triangulo-ovatae, subcarinatae, acutae,
striatae, minute puberulae, ciliolatae; ocelli plurumque 2, brunnei,
nitidi, obscure alveolati; bracteolae lanceolatae, carinatae, acuminatae,
carina dense argenteo-pilosae, pilis ascendentibus, marginibus sub-
hyalinis, glabris, ciliolatis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, minute striato-
nervata, puberula, apice pilosa; corolla coccinea, anguste hypocrateri-
formis, minute puberula, pilis conicis, labio superiore anguste ovato,
apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore tri-
lobato, lobo medio lanceolato, acuminato, lobis lateralibus parvis,
cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris dorso
pilosis; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs about 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, thick (up to
8 mm. in diameter at base of inflorescence), the upper portions densely
gray-pubescent or subtomentose, the hairs upwardly appressed or
ascending, about 0.5 mm. long; lenticels light brown, corky, prominent,
orbicular, oval or elongate, up to 3 mm. long; leaf blades oblanceolate,
up to 36 cm. long and 10 cm. wide (slightly above the middle), acute
at apex, gradually narrowed from above middle to base and decurrent
on the petiole, the margins crenate, the upper surface drying dark
olive-green, the costa and lateral nerves (about 21 pairs) densely
hirtellous, the hairs brownish, appressed or ascending, 0.25 to 0.5 mm.
long, the surface between the veins sparingly and inconspicuously
hirtellous, the lower surface drying a light grayish olive-green, densely
and softly pilose, the hairs 0.25 to 0.75 mm. long, ascending or spread-
ing or those on costa and veins somewhat appressed; petioles 2 to 3
em. long, subtomentose; spikes terminal and axillary, forming a rather
loose, leafy panicle up to 27 cm. long and 17 to 20 cm. broad, the
branches of the panicle ascending, 1 to 13 em. long, light gray-tomen-
tose, the spikes up to 9 cm. long and 5 to 8 mm. broad, the rachis
silvery tomentose, except the glabrous region adjacent to the posterior
calyx segment; bracts bright scarlet, drying brown, triangular-ovate,
subcarinate, 8 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide at 2 mm. above base, thence
gradually narrowed to a slender tip, coriaceous, coarsely striate,
minutely puberulous, the margins ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long; ocelli occurring usually in pairs, elliptic, 1 mm. long and 1.75
mm. wide, brown, nitid, indistinctly alveolate; bractlets lanceolate,
carinate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at 2.5 mm. above base, thence grad-
ually narrowed to a slender tip, the keel densely silvery pilose, the
hairs ascending, about 0.5 mm. long, the region adjacent to the keel
puberulous, the marginal area subhyaline and glabrous, the margins

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 215

sparingly ciliolate; calyx 7 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, finely
striate-nerved, minutely and inconspicuously puberulous, tipped by a
tuft of hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the posterior segment 2.25 mm.

Ficure 75.—Aphelandra schieferae Leonard (Schiefer 791): a, Node from inflorescence;
b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of
the lateral segments; g, corolla; 4, pubescence of the corolla. (a, g, Half natural size;
b-f, twice natural size; h, about 40 times natural size.)

wide near base, the anterior pair 1.75 mm. wide, the lateral pair 1 mm.
wide, all narrowed from near base to a sharp, slender tip; corolla
bright scarlet, 5 cm. long from base to tip of upper lip, finely puberu-
lous, the hairs conical, the tube 4 mm. broad near base, narrowed to

216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1.5 mm. at 7 mm. above base, thence enlarged to 7 mm. near mouth, the
upper lip narrowly ovate, 21 mm. long and 6 mm. wide at middle,
tipped by 2 triangular acuminate lobes about 3 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide at base, the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, 22
mm. long, 5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate to
the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions small, about 1
mm. long; stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, retrorsely pilose dor-
sally; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in deep woods on hill back of
Tres Esquinas Mill, Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia,
July 12, 1945, by Helen Schiefer (No. 791). Fragment of type in the
U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1934948. A Triana collection, without
number (Col, NY), from Servita, vicinity of Villavicencio, 300 to 900
meters altitude, December 1855, is also of this species.

If compared with any of the numerous segregates of A phelandra
pulcherrima, A. schieferae is conspicuous because of the large, oblan-
ceolate, crenate leaves of the inflorescence, these softly pubescent be-
neath; the large, silky, subtomentose inflorescence; the silvery,
tomentose rachis; and the triangular, sharply pointed bracts, orna-
mented with two pairs of rather large nitid elliptic ocelli.

49, Aphelandra parvispica Leonard, sp. nov. FIaure 76

Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus porrectis, teretibus, glabris vel
sursum parce strigosis; lamina foliorum oblonga vel oblongo-lanceo-
lata, reflexa, acuminata (apice ipso plus minusve curvato), basi an-
gustata, membranacea, integra, supra glabra vel costa et venis laterali-
bus parce et minute strigosis, subtus glabra vel parce et minute stri-
gosa; petioli aliquanto breves, glabri vel minute strigosi; paniculae
terminales, spicis parvis, pedunculis parce et minute strigosis vel pe-
dunculis ultimis dense hirsutis, pilis parvis, plus minusve patulis,
rhache flocculoso-tomentosa, pilis albis; bracteae vivae rubrae, siccae
rubro-brunneae, rhombico-ovatae, acutae vel subacutae, basi floccu-
loso-tomentosae, pilis albis, alibi subglabrae, vel infimae dorso strigo-
sae, marginibus ciliolatis; ocelli 1 vel plures vel aliquando 0, minuti,
elliptici, brunnei, nitidi; bracteolae rubro-brunneae (siccae), lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, ciliolatae, carina albo-
tomentosa; calycis segmenta obtusa vel subobtusa, ciliolata, striato-
nervata, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora lanceolata,
lateralia anguste lanceolata; corolla rubra, papillosa, tubo leviter
curvato et subventricoso, labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, apice
bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, apice curvatis, labio inferi-
ore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, lanceolato, apice acuminato, recur-
vato, lobis lateralibus obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; sta-
mina vix exserta; ovarium glabrum.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 217

Shrub or small tree; branches sprawling, terete, glabrous or the
tips sparingly strigose, the hairs closely appressed, sordid, less than
0.5 mm. long, the older portions of the stems gray, the lenticels scat-
tered, corky, about 1 mm. long, inconspicuous; leaves reflexed, the
blades oblong to lance-oblong, 7 to 19 em. long, 1.8 to 5 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, the tip more or less curved, cuneate at base, membranaceous to
subcoriaceous, entire, the upper surface drying brown or olive-green,
essentially glabrous, a few small subappressed hairs sometimes found
on the basal part of the costa, this and the lateral veins (10 to 14 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower surface drying a some-
what lighter shade than the upper, glabrous or very sparingly stri-
gose, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins, these rather
prominent; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous or
sparingly and minutely strigose; flowers borne in terminal panicles
of small spikes 2 to 6 cm. long and 5 to 8 mm. broad, the panicles up
to 10 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, slender,
sparingly and minutely strigose, or the ultimate peduncles densely
hirsute, the hairs more or less spreading, all sordid, the rachis white-
cottony-tomentose; bracts red, drying reddish brown, rhombic-ovate,
5 to 6 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, acute to acutish, white-cottony-
tomentose at base, otherwise essentially glaborous except the lower-
most, these strigose dorsally, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the margins
ciliolate toward base, the costa and nerves prominent below middle;
ocelli one to several or sometimes lacking, minute, elliptic, up to 0.5
mm. Jong, brown, nitid; bractlets red, drying reddish brown, obliquely
lanceolate, 4.5 to 6 mm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, acuminate, carinate,
ciliolate, dorsally white-tomentose, striate-nerved ; calyx 5.5 to 8 mm.
long, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, the
anterior pair lanceolate, 1.5 to about 2 mm. wide, the lateral pair nar-
rowly lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, all obtuse to obtusish (the lateral
pair apiculate), glabrous, ciliolate toward apex, striate-nerved ; co-
rollas 4 cm. long from base to tip of upper lip, red, papillose, some of
the papillae tipped by minute hairs, the tube slightly curved and sub-
ventricose, 3.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 5 mm. above
base, thence enlarged to about 6 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect,
narrowly ovate, 12 mm. long, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes narrowly tri-
angular, 3.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, acuminate, the tip curved,
the middle lobe of the lower lip lanceolate, spreading, acuminate, the
slender tip recurved, the lateral lobes adnate to the basal part of the
upper lip, their free portions triangular, barely 0.5 mm. long; stamens
reaching the tip of the upper lip, the anthers 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
minutely apiculate at base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850296, collected in the
basin of the Rio Margua, between Campohermoso and Rfo Negro,

218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander, 1,200 to 1,500
meters altitude, November 8, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 12883).
Cuatrecasas, Schultes, & E. Smith’s No. 12516 (Col, US, fragment No.
63419), collected in woods between El Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa
Inés, vicinity of Sarare, 1,800 to 2,200 meters altitude, October 18 to
21, 1941, is also of this species.

Aphelandra parvispica is another species of the A. pulcherrima
complex. Its outstanding characters are its rather small, almost
glabrous, reflexed leaf blades, its panicles of relatively small spikes,
and its minute, inconspicuous ocelli. Its nearest relative is, perhaps,
A. macrophylla.

Ficure 76.—Aphelandra parvispica Leonard (Cuatrecasas 12883): a, Tip of branch; 5,
bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of
the lateral segments; g, corolla; h, pubescence of corolla; i, stamen. (a, g, Half natural
size; b-f, twice natural size; h, about 30 times natural size; 1, natural size.)

50. Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 77

Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus sursum quadrangularibus, dense
strigosis (pilis parvis, albidis), deorsum teretibus, glabris; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta
vel acuminata (apice ipso obtuso et saepe curvato), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel leviter crenata, supra
viridis, nitida, subglabra, subtus pallido-olivacea (sicca), minute et
aliquanto strigosa ; petioli breves; spicae solitariae vel subinde 8, breves,
subsessiles, rhache albo-flocculosa; bracteae arcte imbricatae, rhom-
bico-ovatae, acutae vel obtusae, basi albo-flocculosae, sursum glabrae

LEONARD! THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, Il 219

vel tenuiter pubescentes, ciliatae; ocelli 1-3, elliptici, nitidi, fusco-
lucenti; bracteolae oblique lanceolatae, subfalcatae, striato-nervatae,
carinatae, carina dorso dense albo-pubescente, marginibus glabris;
calycis segmenta oblongo-ovata, acuta, striato-nervata, tenuiter pube-
scentia vel glabrata; corolla rubra, minute papillosa, labio superiore
erecto, anguste ovato, apice bilobato, lobis triangulo-ovatis, acuminatis,
apicis patulis, lobo inferiore trilobato, lobo medio elliptico, acuminato
(apice ipso apiculato et subcucullato), lobis lateralibus brevibus, tri-
angulo-ovatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta,
antheris dorso tomentosis; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs or small trees up to 3 meters high; stems erect or ascending,
the tips quadrangular, densely strigose, the hairs whitish, straight,
about 0.25 mm. long, the older portions of the stems terete, glabrous,
gray, the lenticels minute, orbicular, corky ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic
to lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 18 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide,
acute to acuminate, the tip blunt and often curved, gradually narrowed
at base, subcoriaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface
green, nitid, glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose, the hairs
barely 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins flat or slightly raised,
the lower surface drying light olive green, minutely and rather spar-
ingly strigose, the costa and veins more conspicuous than above; peti-
oles up to 2 cm. long, strigose ; flowers borne in terminal, solitary (occa-
sionally 3), subsessile spikes up to 5 cm. long and 15 mm. broad, the
rachis white-cottony; bracts closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, up to 9
mm. long and 6 mm. wide at 2.5 mm. above base, acute to obtuse, white-
cottony-pubescent at base, otherwise glabrous or sparingly pubescent,
ciliate, the costa rather prominent, the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral nerves
parallel and becoming obscure beyond middle of bract; ocelli 1 to 3,
elliptic, about 0.5 mm. long, brown, nitid, varnished ; bractlets obliquely
lanceolate, subfalcate, 8 mm. long, carinate, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, the
keel densely white-pubescent, the margins glabrous, subhyaline, deli-
cately striate-nerved ; calyx 7 mm. long, the posterior segment 3.5 mm.
wide, the anterior pair 3 mm. wide, the lateral pair 2.5 mm. wide, all
oblong-ovate, finely pubescent or glabrate, striate-nerved, acute, ciliate
toward tip; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long, red, minutely papillose, the tube
about 4 mm. broad at base, contracted to 3 mm. at tip of ovary, thence
gradually enlarged to a cylindric subventricose throat 7 or 8 mm.
broad, the upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, 15 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes triangular-ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide at base, acuminate, the tips outwardly curved, the middle lobe of
the lower lip elliptic, spreading, 9.5 mm. wide, narrowed at base, sub-
cucullate and apiculate at tip, the lateral lobes about 5 mm. long, the
posterior edge adnate to lower part of upper lip, the free portions
triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. long, slightly over 1 mm. wide, obtuse ;
stamens exserted about 4 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,

220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the anthers 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, apiculate at each end, dorsally
tomentose; ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703913, collected in
forest ravine above Las Nubes, at Alto de Cielo, Department of Mag-
dalena, Colombia, about “5,000 ft. altitude,” December 18, 1898, by
H. H. Smith (No. 1414). Isotypes (GH, Mo, Ph, NY, S).

MaGpALenA: San Lorenzo mountains, vicinity of Santa Marta, Viereck s. n.
(US). Above Minca, Las Cumbres, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada de

Santa Marta, 2,000 meters altitude, Hawkes 587 (US).
NoRTE DE SANTANDER: Ocafia, Schlim 537 (K) ; Kalbreyer 611 (K).

fife

Ficure 77.—Aphelandra mildbraediana Leonard (H. H. Smith 1414): a, Tip of stem; 3,
bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the
lateral segments; g, tip of corolla; h, pubescence of corolla (from region near base of
upper lip); 1, pubescence of corolla (from about the middle of the tube). (a, Half natura}
size; b-f, twice natural size; g, natural size; h, 1, about 25 times natural 8ize.)

The rather small subglabrous leaf blades, short, relatively broad
silky spikes and broad, finely pubescent calyx segments are characters
by which one can recognize Aphelandra mildbraediana when com-
pared with A. pulcherrima or its segregates. The species is named
in honor of Johannes Mildbraed, a specialist in the family
Acanthaceae.

Schultze No. 695, collected on wooded mountain slope at Casa
Blanca, Colombia, 1,200 meters altitude, July 25, 1926, seems to be
this species; a photograph of the Berlin specimen is in the U. S.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 221

National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8716). Schultze
describes the plant from which he collected the specimen as a rare
shrub 3 meters high producing gorgeous scarlet red flowers.

51. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 78

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, membranacea, undulata vel subcrenata, glabra vel subtus
minute et parce strigosa, costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus sed
prominentibus; petioli aliquanto breves, glabri vel minute et parce
strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, spica terminalis subsessilis, spicae late-
rales pedunculatae, pedunculis glabris, rhache albo-tomentosa ;
bracteae rhombico-ovatae, subacutae, brunnescentes (siccae), glabrae
vel in area mediana minute pubescentes, marginibus dense ciliolatis;
ocelli (6-7) suborbiculares, brunnei, nitidi, contigui; bracteolae
lanceolatae, obliquae, carinatae, striato-nervatae, intus glabrae, extus
pubescentes, marginibus subhyalinis; calycis segmenta acuta, coriacea,
striato-nervata, apice pilosa, deorsum puberula, segmentum posterius
anguste ovatum, anteriora oblongo-lanceolata, lateralia lineari-lance-
olata; corolla coccinea, minute papillosa, tubo cylindrico, Jabio su-
periore erecto, oblongo-ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acumi-
natis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio plus minusve patulo, apice
acuminato et curvato, lobis lateralibus oblongis, subobtusis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris basi et apice
obtusis et apiculatis, filamentis basi puberulis, sursum glabris; ovarium
glabrum.

Suffrutescent shrub up to 1 meter high; stems glabrous; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, up to 85 cm. long and 12.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), more or less abruptly narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, undulate or subcrenate,
glabrous or the lower surface very sparingly and minutely strigose,
the costa and lateral veins (15 or 16 pairs) slender but prominent;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly
and minutely strigose; spikes 1 to several, up to 15 cm. or occasion-
ally as much as 30 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, the terminal spike subsessile,
the others short-peduncled, the peduncles up to 1 cm. long, glabrous,
the rachis white-tomentose; bracts rhombic-ovate, light brown, 7.5
mm. long, 6 mm. wide at 3.5 mm. above base, subacute, drying light
brown, glabrous or the medial region minutely and inconspicuously
pubescent, the margins densely ciliolate, the costa and lateral nerves
(several pairs) prominent; ocelli usually 6 or 7, suborbicular, 0.5 to
0.75 mm. in diameter, light brown, nitid, contiguous; bractlets lance-
olate, oblique, carinate, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near base, finely stri-
ate-nerved, subhyaline on margin, glabrous within, pubescent without,
the hairs at tip 0.25 mm. long, the others shorter; calyx segments 8

222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

mm. long, acute, coriaceous, striate-nerved, pilose at tip, the hairs
up to 0.25 mm. long, otherwise minutely puberulous, the posterior seg-
ment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, the anterior pair oblong-lanceolate,
3 mm. wide, the lateral pair linear-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide; corolla
scarlet, minutely papillose, 5 to 5.5 cm. long, the tube 4 mm. broad at

Ficure 78.—Aphelandra barkleyi Weonard (Araque-Molina & Barkley 18M.0.33): a,
Leaf near base of inflorescence; }, petiole of one of the lower stem leaves; c, portion of
inflorescence; d, bract; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior seg-
ments; A, one of the lateral segments; i, corolla; 7, pubescence of corolla. (a-c, 1, Half
natural size; d-h, natural size; 7, about 20 times natural size.)

base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 6 mm. above base, thence enlarged to a
subcylindric throat, 6.5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect,
oblong-ovate, 18 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, bilobed at apex, the lobes
triangular, 7 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the lower lip
trilobed, the middle lobe more or less spreading, lanceolate, about 18
mm. long, 6 mm. wide, acuminate and recurved at tip, the lateral lobes

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 223

oblong, about 4 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtusish, their upper mar-
gins connate with the lower part of the upper lip; stamens reaching
notch of upper lip, the anthers 6.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, obtuse and
apiculate at both ends, the filaments puberulous near base, otherwise
glabrous; ovary glabrous.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1954078, collected in
rich soil of damp, rocky woods on the banks of the Rio Guatiqufa
between the foothills and plains in the vicinity of Villavicencio,
Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 350 meters altitude, November 20,
1948, by Jorge Araque-Molina and Fred A. Barkley (No. 18M.033).
An isotype is also in the U. S. National Herbarium.

CUNDINAMARCA: Quetamé to Villavicencio, Pérez-Arbeldez 35 (Col). Tequen-
dama Casas, Triana s.n. (NY).

META: Woods along the Rio Guatiquia, 500 meters altitude, March 18 and 19,
1939, Killip 34489 (US). Dense, humid forest along Rio Giiejar, 400 meters
altitude, November 7, 1949, Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez 1351 (US). Villa-
vicencio, 500 meters altitude, November 9, 1938, Cuatrecasas 4538 (US) ; Haught
2528 (US). Ocoa, near Villavicencio, July 21, 1945, Schiefer 851 (US). Apiai,
Llano de San Martin, Triana s.n. (Col).

Characters by which Aphelandra barkleyi may be recognized are
its membranous, nearly glabrous leaf blades, its glabrous stems, and
light brown, acute, rhombic-ovate bracts. Conspicuous on this light
brown background of the bracts are the darker brown nitid ocelli so
closely contiguous as to appear, without a lens, as a single spot. In
general appearance A. barkleyi is somewhat like A. lingua-bovis, but
that species has slightly larger bracts (up to 1.5 cm. long instead of
only 7.5 mm.) bearing alveolar spots instead of well-defined ocelli.
The spike of Schiefer’s No. 851 is blackened with the characteristic
light brown of the bracts obscured. The spikes of Haught’s No. 2528
are exceedingly long (30 cm.) and the red corollas are tipped with
yellow. -

52. Aphelandra daemonia Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 79

Frutex parce ramosus, caulibus teretibus vel sursum subquadrangu-
laribus, sursum dense strigosis, pilis arcte appressis, albidis, minutis,
deorsum glabris; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, acum-
inata (apice ipso obtuso et plus minusve curvato), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, chartacea, crenata, supra parce strigosa vel
glabra, subtus aliquanto strigosa, costa et venis aliquanto prominenti-
bus; petioli alati, parce strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, fasciculatae,
plerumque aliquanto breves, terminales, subsessiles, rhache flocculoso-
pubescente, pilis albis; bracteae imbricatae, quadrifariae, rhombeo-
ovatae, subacutae vel obtusae, mucronatae, minute puberulae, ciliatae,
costa et venis vix prominentibus; ocelli conspicui, magni, nitidi,
brunnei, solitarii vel plures arcte contigui vel confluentes; bracteolae

228609—53——8

224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lanceolatae, acuminatae, dorso flocculoso-tomentosae, pilis albis,
marginibus hyalinis et glabris; calycis segmenta striato-nervata,
coriacea, sursum puberula, marginibus hyalinis, segmentum posterius
anguste ovatum, apice subacutum et subcucullatum, anteriora
lanceolata, subobtusa et apiculata, lateralia anguste lanceolata, sub-
obtusa et apiculata; corolla rubra, minute papillosa, basi excepta,
tubo aliquanto angusto, vix ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, ovato,
bilobato, lobis magnis, lanceolato-ovatis, acuminatis, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobo medio patulo, oblongo, acuminato, apice recurvato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, oblongis, subobtusis, cum labio superiore pro
parte connatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis glabris; ovarium
glabrum.

Slender, sparingly branched shrubs; stems terete or subquadrangu-
lar toward tip, the upper portion densely and closely strigose, the
hairs whitish, less than 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the stems
glabrate, the lenticels orbicular to linear, the larger barely over 0.5
mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 25 cm. long, 5 to
10 cm. wide, acuminate, the apex more or less curved (the tip itself
blunt), gradually or abruptly narrowed to a winged petiole, chartace-
ous, the margins crenate, the upper surface drying olive brown,
sparingly appressed hirsute to glabrate, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
the costa flat or slightly impressed, the lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
slightly raised, the veinlets inconspicuously and coarsely reticulate,
the lower surface drying a slightly lighter shade than the upper and
somewhat more densely hirsute, the costa and veins more conspicuous,
the hairs whitish, appressed, 0.5 mm. long except at junction of costa
with lateral veins, here up to 0.75 mm. long, spreading or ascending;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1 cm. long, the winged portion
becoming 1.5 cm. wide at 3 to 8 cm. above the base; smaller leaves
subtending the inflorescence, subsessile, the buds and young leaves
densely yellowish white-pilose; flowers borne in 1 or more terminal,
subsessile spikes 6 to 8.5 cm. long and 8 to 10 mm. broad, the rachis
cottony-white-pubescent; bracts closely imbricate, dark brown,
rhombic-ovate, 5 mm. long and wide, acutish to obtuse, minutely
mucronate, ofter bearing near middle several low blunt teeth 0.25 mm.
long, coriaceous, minutely puberulous without, ciliolate, the costa and
lateral nerves barely conspicuous, the ocelli elliptic, 1 mm. long and
0.75 mm. wide, dark brown or almost black, nitid, varnished, solitary
or occasionally 2 or 3, then confluent or closely contiguous; bractlets
lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, carinate, dorsally
white-cottony-tomentose, the margins hyaline and glabrous; calyx 7
mm. long, the posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, acutish
or subcucullate at tip, the anterior pair lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide, the
lateral pair slightly narrower, both anterior and lateral pairs obtusish

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 225

and apiculate, all striate-nerved, coriaceous, minutely puberulous to-
ward tip, the margins hyaline, the nerves indurate at base; corollas
5.5 cm. long, red, minutely papillose except at the glabrous base, the
tube 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 9 mm. above base,
thence enlarged to a tubular, slightly ventricose throat 5.5 mm. broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, 23 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip,

Ficure 79.—Aphelandra daemonia Leonard (H. H. Smith 1415): a, Tip of stem; 8, portion
of leaf blade (undersurface); ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the
anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, corolla; 1, pubescence of the corolla
tube; j, anther. (a, 4, Half natural size; b, natural size; c-g, 7, twice natural size; 1, about
40 times natural size.)

the lobes lance-ovate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the
lower lip spreading, 24 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, acuminate, ending in
a slender recurved tip, the lateral lobes adnate to the upper lip, the
free portion oblong, 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, obtusish; stamens
exserted 14 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments glabrous,
the anthers 7 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, acute at both ends but scarce-
ly apiculate; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703914, collected in dry
forests near Bonda, vicinity of Santa Marta, Department of Magda-
lena, Colombia, “below 3,000 feet” altitude, October 31, 1898, by H. H.
Smith (No. 1415). Isotypes (Ch, GH, NY, Ph, S).

MAGDALENA: Guamacito, Santa Marta region, Record 36 (NY). Slopes of the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 600 meters altitude, Cardona, Gutiérrez d Bark-
ley 18C.077 (US). Tucurinca, Romero 588 (Ch.). Flood-plain forest, Cerrej6n,
100 meters altitude, Haught 6730 (US).

A phelandra daemonia is another species of the A. pulcherrima com-
plex. Its distinguishing characters lie in the crenate, ovate to oblong-
elliptic leaf blades, narrowed, and sometimes abruptly so, into slen-
derly winged petioles, and in the rather small, broad, obtuse bracts,
ornamented with large, often solitary, nitid ocelli. These bracts have,
in fact, a fanciful resemblance to a series of elfin faces peeping above
the brilliant white tomentum of the rachis, thus the species name dae-
monia (darponor, elf.). Dr. Samuel J. Record states that the wood is
very hard.

58. Aphelandra grandis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 80

Frutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum magna, oblonga vel
oblongo-ovata, apice breviter acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata vel leviter
crenata, glabra, costa et venis lateralibus pilos minutos appressos
ferentibus; petioli graciles, glabri; spicae solitariae vel plures fascicu-
latae, magnae, terminales, subsessiles, rhache albopubescente ; bracteae
aliquanto imbricatae, magnae, rubrae, ovatae, apice rotundatae, striato-
nervatae, sericeo-pubescentes, deorstum dense sericeo-pubescentes, pilis
appressis, albis; ocelli multi, minuti; bracteolae lanceolatae, dense
sericeo-pubescentes, pilis appressis; calycis segmenta triangularia,
subaequalia, dense sericvo-pubescentia, pilis appressis; corolla flava,
minute pubescens, labio superiore oblongo, bilobato, lobis triangul-
aribus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio lanceolato,
acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, obtusis, cum labio superiore pro parte
connatis; capsulae oblongae, apice obtusae, sursum glabrae et nitidae,
deorsum opacae, minute et dense punctatae.

Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong or
oblong-ovate, up to 35 cm. long and 18 em. wide, short-acuminate at
apex (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (usually about 15 to
20 pairs) bearing a few small appressed hairs, the margin entire,
undulate or shallowly crenate; petioles slender, up to 10 cm. long,
glabrous; spikes stout, one or several, in fascicles, terminal, sessile, up
to 30 cm. long and about 2 em. broad; bracts ovate, up to 25 mm. long
and 12 mm. wide, rounded, pubescent to glabrate, often silky toward
base, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, appressed, the ocelli numerous

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 227

(about 20), elliptic, minute (about 400 » long and 250 » wide) ; bract-
lets lanceolate, 11 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base, obliquely carinate,
densely pubescent, the hairs silky, appressed; calyx segments tri-
angular, subequal, 12 or 13 mm. long, the posterior segment 7 mm.
wide near base, the anterior pair 4 mm. wide, the middle pair 3 mm.
wide, all acute, striate-nerved, densely pubescent with silky ap-

{

Ficure 80.—Aphelandra grandis Leonard (Guevara-Amértegui 260): a, Tip of stem; 4,
tip of leaf blade showing undersurface; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment;
f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; A, upper lip of corolla; 1,
middle lobe of lower lip; j, anther; k, pubescence of corolla. (a, b, Half natural size; ¢-1,
natural size; j, about 3 times natural size; k, about 20 times natural size.)

pressed hairs except the subglabrous and subhyaline margins; corolla
yellow, finely pubescent, 5.5 to 6 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at throat, the
upper lip oblong, about 15 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, 2-lobed, the
lobes triangular, about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acuminate, the
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe lanceolate, about as long as the
upper lip, acute, the lateral lobes small, about 2.5 mm. long and 1
mm. wide, obtuse, their upper margins partly connate with the upper

298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip; capsules oblong, 13 mm. Jong, 7 mm. broad, blunt at tip, nitid and
glabrous toward tip, dull and minutely and densely punctate towards
base; mature seed not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1543966, collected at
Albin, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,699 meters alti-
tude, in 1932, by B. Guevara-Amértegui (No. 260). Ariste-Joseph’s
No. 1081 (GH, Ph, US), collected at Paime, Cundinamarca, and
Haught’s No. 1936 (US), collected in rich alluvial valley soil near
Caimona Creek, Santander, 200 meters altitude, July 20, 1936, are
also of this species.

The exceedingly large bracts and yellow corollas serve to distin-
guish Aphelandra grandis from among the numerous relatives of A.
pulcherrima. Grandis (large) alludes to the size attained by the
plant, its relatively large leaf blades, spikes, and flower bracts.

54. Aphelandra aristei Leonard, sp. nov. Friaure 81

Suffrutex, caulibus sursum dense hirsutis, pilis subappressis vel
ascendentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, subobtusa, basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata, supra aliquanto
parce pilosa, subtus dense et molliter pilosa, pilis subappressis,
brunnescentibus; petioli breves, dense et molliter pubescentes; spicae
solitariae, terminales, rhache pilosula, pedunculo dense hirsuto, pilis
subappressis vel patulis; bracteae ascendentes, non arcte appressae,
rubro-brunnescentes (siccae), oblongo-lanceolatae, striato-nervatae,
acuminatae, ciliatae, tenuiter et molliter pubescentes, pilis subap-
pressis; ocelli minuti, elliptici, brunnescentes, glabri; bracteolae subu-
latae, dorso tenuiter et molliter pubescentes, striato-nervatae; calycis
segmenta subaequalia, acuminata, striato-nervata, tenuiter pubes-
centia, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora lanceolata,
lateralia lanceolata; corolla flava (?), minute pubescens, labio su-
periore erecto, ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis,
apicis curvatis, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, trilobato, lobo
medio oblongo, acuto, lobis lateralibus anguste ovatis, obtusis, liberis;
stamina vix exserta; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubby; tips of stems densely hirsute, the hairs subappressed
or ascending, about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
14 cm. long and 6 cm. wide (the lowermost probably larger), obtusish,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate,
the upper surface rather sparingly pilose, the hairs about 0.75 mm.
long, the lower surface densely and softly pilose, the hairs subap-
pressed, brownish, about 1 mm. long; petioles up to 1 cm. long, densely
and softly pubescent; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 15 cm. long and
about 2 cm. broad, the rachis pilosulous, the peduncles up to 3 cm.
long, the pubescence that of the stems; bracts ascending, not closely
appressed, light brownish red (dry), oblong-lanceolate, up to 24 mm.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 229

long, 4.5 mm. wide near base, 7 mm. wide at middle, prominently
striate-nerved, acuminate, ciliate, finely pubescent, velvety, the hairs
subappressed, the inner surface glabrous or nearly 80 ; ocelli numerous,
minute, up to 40 or more, elliptic, about 0.25 mm. long, light brown,
glabrous but scarcely nitid; bractlets subulate, 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide at base, finely and softly pubescent without, finely striate-
nerved; calyx segments subequal, about 1 cm. long, the posterior seg-

Ficure 81.—Aphelandra aristei Leonard (Ariste-Joseph, s. n.): a, Tip of plant; 5, bract;
c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the lateral
segments; g, upper lip of corolla (inner surface showing one of the partly adnate lateral
lobes of the lower lip; 4, lower lip of the corolla (outer surface); 1, pubescence of corolla
tube. (a, Half natural size; b-h, natural size; 7, about 18 times natural size.)

ment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide slightly above base, the anterior
segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair narrowly lanceo-
late, 2 mm. wide, all gradually narrowed from just above base to a
slender tip, finely pubescent and striate-nerved; corolla yellow (?),
finely pubescent, 3.5 to 4 cm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2-lobed,
the lobes triangular, acuminate, outwardly curved at tip, the lower
lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe oblong, 15 mm.
long, 4.5 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes narrowly ovate, about 5

230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse; stamens slightly exserted; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1185109, collected at
Pacho, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, August 1923, by
Brother Ariste-Joseph (s, n.).

Aphelandra aristei resembles rather closely A. flava Nees, from
the description of that species. There are, however, no glandular
hairs (“bracteis . . . pubescentibus viscidulisque”) present on
the bracts, as in A flava; moreover, Nees makes no mention of ocelli.

55. Aphelandra trianae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 82

Suffrutex vel frutex, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabratis, sursum
subquadrangularibus, hirsutis, pilis rigidis, curvatis, ascendentibus;
lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, submembranacea, supra glabra vel parce strigosa, pilis
minutis, subtus parce hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus; petioli breves, strigosi vel hirsuti; spicae solitariae,
subsessiles, bracteis ascendentibus, vix imbricatis, rhache dense pilosa,
pilis rectis, albescentibus, minutis, ascendentibus; bracteae aliquanto
magnae, oblongae, acutae et aristatae, ciliatae, utrinque molliter griseo-
pubescentes, pilis ascendentibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus, sed propter pubescentiam obscuris; ocelli plures
(8-12), elliptici, arcte contigui, brunnei, obscuri; bracteolae anguste
lanceolatae, attenuatae, apice tenues, carinatae, areis marginalibus
tenuibus, striatis, subglabris, carina pilosa, pilis rectis, ascend-
entibus, argenteis; calycis segmenta coriacea, striato-nervata (nervis
basi induratis), glabra, apice ciliata, segmentum posterius oblongo-
lanceolatum, glabrum, attenuatum, acutum, anteriora lanceolata,
glabra, acuta, apice ciliata; corolla (immatura) pubescens, pilis patu-
lis, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore ovato, bilobato, lobis triangu-
laribus, acutis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio lanceolato, acu-
minato, apice curvato, lobis lateralibus parvis, rotundatis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris apice obtusis,
cohaerentibus, basi oblique obtusis, minute apiculatis, filamentis basi
pilosis, sursum glabris.

Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs; stems subquadrangular, hirsute, the
hairs stiff, curved, ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long, brownish, the lower
parts terete and glabrate; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm. long
and 6 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the lower
surface sparingly hirtellous or the costa and veins (9 or 10 pairs) more
densely so, the hairs ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and veins
moderately prominent; petioles up to 1 em. long, rather densely
strigose or hirsute; spikes solitary, subsessile, about 8 cm. long and 3

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 231

cm. broad, the bracts ascending, scarcely imbricate, the rachis densely
pilose, the hairs straight, whitish, ascending, slightly over 0.5 mm.
long; bracts oblong, 25 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, acute and
aristate, both surfaces softly gray-pubescent, the hairs ascending,
about 0.5 mm. long, the margins ciliate, the hairs up to 1 mm. long,
the costa and lateral veins rather prominent but obscured by the
pubescence; ocelli numerous (8 to 12), obscure, about 0.75 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide, elliptic, brown, contiguous; bractlets narrowly lanceo-
late, up to 14 mm. long, attenuate, carinate, the marginal region thin,
striate, subglabrous, the keel densely pilose, the hairs straight, ascend-

Ficure 82.—Aphelandra trianae Leonard (Triana s. n., Quindio): a, Tip of plant; 6, bract;
¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the lateral
segments; g, anther; hf, tip of corolla; i, pubescence of corolla tube. (a, Half natural
size; b-f,h, natural size; g, twice natural size; #, about 16 times natural size.)

ing, up to 1 mm. long, silvery; calyx 18 mm. long, the segments cori-
aceous, striate-nerved (the nerves indurate at base), glabrous, ciliate
at tip, the posterior segment oblong-lanceolate, attenuate and sharply
acute, 5 mm. wide near base, anterior segments lanceolate, glabrous,
attenuate and slenderly acute, the upper half ciliate, lateral segments
linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. wide near base, attenuate-acuminate, glabrous,
ciliate at tip; corolla about 5 cm. long, rather densely pubescent, the
hairs spreading, 0.5 mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. broad near tip of ovary,
7 mm. broad at mouth, slightly curved, the upper lip (immature co-
rolla) ovate, about 10 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, bidentate, the lobes
triangular, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, acute, the middle lobe of
the lower lip lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate,

232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the tip recurved, the lateral lobes smal], rounded, adnate to upper lip
of corolla; stamens exserted, anthers 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, obtuse
and cohering at tip, obliquely obtuse at base and minutely apiculate, the
filaments pilose at base, glabrous upwardly; ovary glabrous.

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, col-
lected in the Quindio Mountains near the Tolima-Caldas border,
Colombia, February, 1853, by J. Triana, s. n.; isotype (Col).

Distinguishing characters of A phelandra trianae are to be found in
its rather large, silvery pubescent, oblong, ascending, acute bracts,
its slenderly acute calyx segments, and its subglabrous to sparingly
hirsute leaf blades (undersurface). There is much similarity in the
spikes of this and A. aristei, but the leaf blades of that species are
densely and softly pilose and the ocelli very minute and numerous.

56. Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 83

Frutex, caubibus teretibus, glabris vel sursum parce hirsutis;
lamina foliorum late oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra
vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, subtus aliquanto hirsuta, pilis
longis (1 mm.), brunnescentibus, ascendentibus vel patulis, costa et
venis lateralibus gracilibus sed prominentibus, venulis crasse reticula-
tis; petioli breves, hirsuti; spicae terminales, 1 vel plures, subsessiles
vel breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis dense hirsutis, rhache glabra vel
parce pilosa; bracteae brunneae (siccae), rhombico-ovatae, apice
acutae et cuspidatae, ciliatae, minute et inconspicue puberulae vel
basi pilosae; ocelli (fere 6) elliptici, brunnei, nitidi, contigui vel im-
bricati; bracteolae ovatae, acutae, obscure striato-nervatae, basi sub-
auriculatae, aliquanto hirsutae, pilis brunnescentibus, costa aliquanto
prominente, basi indurata; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, sub-
coriacea, apiculata, segmentum posterius oblongo-ovatum, apice
apiculatum, anteriora et lateralia oblonga et acuta; corolla rubra,
puberula, pilis minutis, conicis, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore
erecto, angusto, bilobato, lobis longis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, lanceolato, acuminato, lobis
Jateralibus triangularibus, acutis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis gracilibus, basi retrorse hirsutis, sursum
glabris; ovarium glabrum.

Shrub up to 3.5 meters high; stems terete, glabrous or the upper-
most portions sparingly hirsute, the hairs appressed to spreading,
up to 1.25 mm. long; leaf blades broadly oblanceolate, up to 18 cm.
long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), nar-
rowed from above middle to a short, winged petiole, subcoriaceous,
entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs
ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface rather densely
hirsute, the hairs about 1 mm. long, ascending to spreading, light

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 233

brown, the costa and lateral veins (15 to 17 pairs) slender but
prominent, the veinlets rather conspicuously and coarsely anastomos-
ing; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1 cm. long, hirsute; spikes
terminal, solitary or several in a fascicle, the terminal spike sub-
sessile, the lateral spikes short-pedunculate, up to 8 cm. long and 1 cm.
broad, the peduncles up to 1 cm. long, densely hirsute, the rhachis
glabrous or sparingly pilose; bracts drying brown, rhombic-ovate,

Ficure 83.—Aphelandra albert-smithii Leonard (Killip & Smith 16283): a, Tip of stem;
b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the
lateral segments; g, anther; A, tip of corolla; 1, pubescence of corolla tube. (a, Half nat-
ural size; b-g, twice natural size; A, natural size; 1, about 25 times natural size.)

up to 11 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, acute and cuspidate at tip, minutely
and inconspicuously puberulous or bearing a few longer hairs toward
tip, the margins ciliate, the hairs 0.5 to 1 mm. long; ocelli usually 6,
elliptic, dark brown, nitid, 0.75 to 1 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide,
contiguous or overlapping; bractlets ovate, obscurely striate-nerved,
acute, 6 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, subauriculate at base, moderately
hirsute, the hairs brownish, up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa rather promi-
nent, indurate at base; calyx 9 to 11 mm. long, the segments puberulous,
subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, indurate at base, the posterior segment

234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

oblong-ovate, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded and apiculate, the anterior pair
oblong, 3.5 mm. wide, acute and apiculate, the lateral pair similar but
slightly narrower; corolla 5.5 cm. long, red, puberulous, the hairs
minute and conical, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm.
at 5 mm. above base, thence enlarged to a subcylindric throat 6 mm.
broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, narrowly oblong, about 5 mm.
wide, bilobed, the lobes lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 4 mm. wide,
acuminate, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the middle lobe lance-
olate, 17 mm. long, 7 mm. wide near base, acuminate, the lateral lobes
triangular, about 5 mm. long, acute, the upper margins adnate to the
lower part of the upper lip; stamens barely reaching tip of the upper
corolla lip, the anthers 5.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, the filaments
slender, retrorsely hirsute at base, otherwise glabrous; ovary glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1352082, collected in a
thicket in the Upper Rfo Lebrija Valley, northwest of Bucaramanga,
Department of Santander, 400 to 700 meters altitude, December 29,
1926, by FE. P. Killip and Albert C. Smith (No. 16283). An isotype is
in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

The hirsute leaf blades and stems, the glabrous or sparingly pilose
rachis and the narrow upper lip of the corolla with its long, slender
lobes are characters by which A phelandra albert-smithti can be recog-
nized. Of the A. pulcherrima-tetragona complex it is probably closest
to A. haughtii.

57. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 84

Arbor parva, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, aliquanto
dense hirsutis, pilis sordidis, sursum appressis vel plus minusve pa-
tulis, deorsum teretibus, glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
magna, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel subacuto),
basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, submembranacea, in-
tegra vel undulata, supra glabra vel pilos raros subappressos ferens,
subtus tenuiter et parce hirsuta, pilis appressis vel aliquanto patulis,
costa et venis lateralibus conspicuis; petioli plus minusve hirsuti;
spicae multae, paniculam grandem terminalem ferentes, pendunculis
dense hirsutis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, rhache flocculoso-
pubescente, pilis sordidis; bracteae rhombeo-ovatae, acutae, flavae vel
aurantiacae, ciliolatae, glabrae vel infimae dorso strigosae; ocelli saepe
2, minuti, opaci vel fusco-lucentes; bracteolae lanceolatae, carinatae,
carina dense brunescenti-flocculosa, apice apiculatae; calycis seg-
menta striato-nervata, apice acuta vel subacuta, minute ciliolata, seg-
mentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora oblongo-lanceolata, lat-
eralia lanceolata; corolla papilloso-puberulenta, tubo rubro, anguste
hypocrateriformi, leviter curvato et subventricoso, lobis aurantiacis,
Jabio superiore ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, apice tenuiter
acuminatis, recurvatis, patulis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 235

oblongo-elliptico, apice acuminato, recurvato, lobis lateralibus tri-
angularibus, subobtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina
vix exserta, filamentis glabris.

Small trees; branches subquadrangular toward tip, rather densely
hirsute, the hairs sordid, 0.5 mm. long, closely upwardly appressed or
more or less spreading, the lower portions of the stems terete, gla-
brate; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 19 to 35 cm. long, 7 to 17 em.
wide, acute to short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or acute), gradu-
ally narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, submem-
branaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or the
uppermost leaves bearing a few appressed or subappressed hairs 0.5
mm. long, drying olive, the costa and lateral veins (16 to 20 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying a
lighter olive than the upper, sparingly hirsute, the hairs sordid, closely
appressed or more or less spreading, the costa and lateral veins more
conspicuous than above; petioles (unwinged portions) 1.5 to 7 cm.
long, the pubescence that of the stems; flowers borne ina large terminal
panicle consisting of rather small spikes, the panicle up to 80 cm. long
with a spread of 20 cm., the spikes 3.5 to 9 cm. long and about 6 mm.
broad, the secondary peduncles, if present, 1 to 1.5 em. long, the pri-
mary ones 4 to 7 cm. long, or the uppermost shorter, both peduncles
and axis of the panicle rather densely hirsute, the hairs appressed or
some of them more or less spreading, sordid, about 0.5 mm. long, the
rachis sordid cottony-pubescent; bracts rhombic-ovate, 7 mm. long,
5.5 mm. wide, acute, coriaceous, yellow or orange, glabrous or the
lowermost dorsally strigose, the straight upper margins ciliolate, the
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; ocelli as many as 4 but usually 2, minute,
elliptical, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long, opaque or varnished ; bractlets lanceo-
late, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, carinate, densely brown-woolly dorsally,
apiculate at tip; calyx 7.5 mm. long, the posterior segment, narrowly
ovate, 3 mm. wide, the anterior pair oblong-lanceolate, 2 mm. wide,
the lateral pair lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, all acute to acutish, minutely
ciliolate toward tip, striate-nerved; corolla red (tube) and orange
(lobes) , papillose-puberulous, 5.8 em. long from base to tip of upper
lip, the tube 38 mm. broad near base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, thence enlarged gradually to a slightly curved subventri-
cose throat, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 15 mm.
long and 7 mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip, the lobes triangular, about 5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at base, ending in slenderly acuminate recurved-
spreading tips, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong-elliptic, 17 mm.
long and 5.5 mm. wide, the tip slender and recurved, the lateral lobes
triangular, subobtuse, connate with the upper lip, their free portions,
if any, about 1 mm. long and broad; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip, the anthers 4.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, the basal lobe

236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

minutely mucronate, the filaments exserted about 1 cm. above the
mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850294, collected on
a north slope, between E] Amparo and La Mesa at the source of the
Rio Negro, vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander,

Ficure 84.—Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard (a, Cuatrecasas 12897; b to j,, Cuatrecasas
12873): a, Lowermost branch ofinflorescence; 6, nodefand basal portion of leaf blade (upper
surface); ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments;
g, one of the lateral segments; h, corolla; i, pubescence of corolla tube; j, anther. (a, ,
A, Half natural size; c-g, twice natural size; i, about 20 times natural size; j, about twice
natural size.)

Colombia, 1,400 to 1,700 meters altitude, November 7, 1941, by J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 12873). Cuatrecasas’ No. 12897 (US), collected
between Campohermoso and the Rio Negro, in the same general region
as the type, 1,200 to 1,500 meters, November 8, 1941, and Schlim’s
No. 258 (NY), collected at Ocaiia, Norte de Santander, also belong to
this species.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 237

Aphelandra macrophylla is related to A. parvispica but has larger
leaves and longer petioles, the leaf blades of the latter reaching only
19 cm. in length and the petioles 1em. Asin A. parvispica, the flowers
are borne in terminal panicles but these in A. parvispica are much
smaller (up to 6 cm. long), as are the individual spikes (up to 6 cm.
long). The tomentum of the rachis of A. macrophylla is brownish
instead of white as in A. parvispica. The specific name is from the
Greek, paxpés, large, and pido, leaf.

58. Aphelandra schultesii Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 85

Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabris, sursum subquadrangu-
laribus, plus minusve strigosis, pilis aliquanto longis; lamina foliorum
oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica vel late oblanceolata, acuta vel acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, submem-
branacea, undulata vel leviter crenata, supra glabra vel parce strigosa,
in costa et venis lateralibus dense strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus, sub-
tus aliquanto hirsuta, pilis subappressis vel ascendentibus, brunnes-
centibus, costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus sed prominentibus ; petioli
aliquanto breves, dense hirsuti; spicae 1 vel plures, subsessiles vel
breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis hirsutis; bracteae rhombico-
ovatae, carinatae, acutae, minute puberulae, marginibus ciliolatae,
costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus, basi induratis; ocelli 2-4
vel plures, elliptici, brunnei, contigui; bracteolae lanceolatae, acum-
inatae, carina tomentosa, pilis brunnescentibus, marginibus striatae,
glabrae, subhyalinae; calycis segmenta coriacea, acuta, apice tomen-
tosa, deorsum glabra, striato-nervata, nervis basi induratis, segmentum
posterius late lanceolatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata; corolla rubra, minute papilloso-puberula, tubo anguste
hyprocrateriformi, labio superiore erecto, ovato-lanceolato, bilobato,
lobis triangulo-ovatis, tenuiter acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato,
lobo medio oblongo-lanceolato, acuminato, lobis lateralibus, oblongis,
obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, an-
theris apice flocculoso-tomentosis, adhaerentibus, filamentis basi
puberulis, sursum glabris; capsulae apice subobtusae, glabrae, juven-
tute pruinosae, minute punctatae.

Suffrutescent, up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, more
or less strigose toward tip, the hairs upwardly appressed, almost 1
mm. long, brownish, the lower parts of the stem terete, glabrous; leaf
blades oblong to oblong-elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, up to 35 cm.
long and 9.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself blunt), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, un-
dulate to shallowly crenate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly
strigose except the costa, this densely so, the hairs brownish, up to
0.75 mm. long, the lower surface moderately hirsute, the hairs sub-
appressed to ascending, brownish, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and

238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lateral veins slender but prominent; petioles (unwinged portions) up
to 3 cm. long, densely hirsute, the hairs subappressed to ascending,
up to 1 mm. long; spikes solitary or several, up to 12 cm. long and 1
cm. wide, subsessile to short-pedunculate, the peduncles up to 15 mm.
long, sparingly hirsute, the rachis tomentose, the hairs light brownish ;

Figure 85.—Aphelandra schultesii Leonard (Gutiérrez & Schultes 936): a,Tip of plant; b,
bract; ¢, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the
lateral segments; g, corolla; A, pubescence of corolla tube; z, anther. (a, g, Half natural
size; b-f, twice natural size; h, about 20 times natural size; 1, slightly more than twice
natural size.)

bracts rhombic-ovate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide near base, acute, coriace-
ous, minutely puberulous, the nerves prominent, the costa and ad-
jacent pair of nerves indurate at base, the margins of the bracts
ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; ocelli 2 to 4 or occasionally
as many as 7, elliptic, up to 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, brown,
nitid, contiguous; bractlets lanceolate, acuminate, 7 mm. long, 2.5
mm. wide near base, carinate, the keel densely tomentose (the hairs

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 239

light brown), the margins striate, glabrous and subhyaline; calyx
segments 7 mm. long, coriaceous, acute and sparingly tomentose at
tip, essentially glabrous toward base, striate-nerved, the nerves in-
durate at base, the anterior segment broadly lanceolate, 2.6 mm. wide,
the anterior pair lanceolate, 8 mm. wide, the lateral pair narrowly
lanceolate, about 1 mm. wide; corolla red, minutely papillose-puberu-
lous both within and without, up to 5.5 cm. long, the tube 1.5 mm.
broad at base, enlarged to 2 mm. at 3 mm. above base and narrowed
to 1 mm. at 8 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm, at
throat, the upper lip erect, ovate-lanceolate, about 2 cm. long, 7 mm.
broad, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular-ovate, 9 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
wide, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong-
lanceolate, 21 mm. long, 6.5 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral lobes
oblong, about 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse, their upper edges
adnate to the lower part of the upper lip; stamens slightly exceeding
the notch of the upper lip, the anthers 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad,
adhering at tip by a webby tomentum, the filaments puberulous near
base, otherwise glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsules clavate (imma-
ture), 18 mm. long, 5 mm. broad toward tip, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous,
evanescently pruinose, minutely punctate; mature seed not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia, Medellin, col-
lected in the vicinity of the portage of Yurupari, Comisaria of Vaupés,
Colombia, March 3, 1944, by G. Gutiérrez-V. and R. E. Schultes (No.
936). Gutiérrez & Schultes’ No. 506 (fruiting), collected along the
Rio Vaupés in the vicinity of Miraflores, 800 meters altitude, Jan-
uary 8, 1944, is also of this species. Fragments of both specimens are
in the U. S. National Herbarium.

Aphelandra schultesii can be associated with A. macrophylla, both
having small acute bracts and a brown tomentum covering the rachis.
However, the spikes of A. macrophylla form a large panicle and are
usually much shorter (up to 9 cm. instead of 12 cm.) and its stems are
more densely strigose, with shorter hairs (0.5 mm. long).

59. Aphelandra haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 86

Frutex gracilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, deorsum teretibus, gla-
bratis, sursum dense hirsutis, pilis patulis, sordidis; lamina foliorum
elliptico-oblonga vel late oblanceolata, tenuiter vel breviter acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra, supra parce
hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus brunneis, costa et venis dense hirsutis,
subtus hirsuta; petioli hirsuti; spicae solitariae vel plures, terminales,
subsessiles, rhache glabra vel parce pubescente; bracteae rhombico-
ovatae, obtusae vel rotundatae, coriaceae, apice mucronulatae, parce
hirsutae, basi glabrae, marginibus ciliolatae, costa et nervis lateralibus
prominentibus, basi induratis; ocelli 6, elliptici, brunnei, contigui vel
imbricati; bracteolae ovatae, obliquae, acuminatae, glabrae vel parce

228609—53——9

240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

puberulae, basi subcarinatae; calycis segmenta glabra, acuminata,
striato-nervata, segmentum posterius anguste ovatum, anteriora lanceo-
lata, lateralia anguste lanceolata; corolla coccinea, papilloso-puberula,
tubo recto vel leviter curvato, subcylindrico, labio superiore erecto,
elliptico, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, tenuiter acuminatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, oblongo-elliptico, acuminato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi
connatis; stamina vix exserta.

Slender shrubs up to 4 meters high; stems terete, subquadrangular
toward tip, densely hirsute, the hairs spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long,
sordid, the lower portions glabrate, gray, minutely roughened by the
scars of the fallen hairs, the lenticels minute, elliptic, 0.5 mm. long,
inconspicuous; leaf blades elliptic-oblong or broadly oblanceolate,
12 to 28 cm. long, 4 to 9.5 cm. wide, slenderly or shortly acuminate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire,
the upper surface drying brownish green, sparingly hirsute, the hairs
up to 1.5 mm. long, ascending, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 14
pairs) flat or slightly raised, inconspicuous, densely hirsute-pilose,
the hairs spreading, up to 2 mm. long, light brown, the lower surface
drying slightly lighter than the upper, the pubescence that of the
upper surface except that the hairs are slightly shorter; petioles
(unwinged portion) 3 to 15 mm. long, hirsute-pilose; spikes terminal,
solitary or several, sessile or subsessile, up to 6 cm. long, about 8 mm.
broad, the rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute, inconspicuous
hairs; bracts rhombic-ovate, 5 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide, obtuse
or rounded at apex, coriaceous, subappressed, sparingly hirsute toward
tip, otherwise glabrous, the margins of the upper half sparingly
ciliolate, the costa excurrent, ending in a small mucro, both costa and
lateral nerves (2 pairs) rather prominent and strongly indurate at
base; ocelli usually 6, elliptic, dark brown, 1 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide, closely crowded or even overlapping; bractlets ovate, oblique,
4mm. long and 2 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
lous toward tip, subcarinate at base; calyx glabrous, 7 mm. long, the
posterior segment narrowly ovate, 4 mm. wide, acute, the anterior
pair lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral pair lanceolate,
1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, all of the segments striate-nerved and incon-
spicuously scurfy at tip, the costa more prominent than the lateral
nerves; corolla scarlet, papillose-puberulous, 7 cm. long, the tube
straight or sometimes slightly curved, subcylindric, about 2 mm. broad
at base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip elliptic, 24 mm. long and
8 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes triangular, 10 mm. long and 5 mm.
wide at base, slenderly acuminate, the tips spreading, the middle lobe
of the lower lip spreading, oblong-elliptic, 27 mm. long, 7 mm. wide,
acuminate, the lateral lobes 6 mm. long, partly adnate to the upper

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 241

lip, the free portion triangular, 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, rounded ;
stamens almost reaching the tip of the upper lip, the anthers 7 mm.
long and 1 mm. broad, mucronate at base; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1742219, collected at
foot of the Cerro Armas, Santander, Colombia, 300 meters alti-

Ficure 86.—A phelandra haughiti Leonard (Haught 1948): a, Tip of branch; b, basal portion
of one of the lower leaf blades (lower surface); c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx
segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, corolla; 1,
pubescence of corolla tube; j, anther. (a, b, h, Half natural size; d-g, twice natural size;
i, about 15 times natural size; ¢, j, slightly more than twice natural size.)

tude, July 29, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 1948). Haught’s No. 2086,
collected along the Aguas Blancas Creek, about 25 km. south of El
Centro, vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, Santander, 100 meters altitude,
November 20, 1936, is also of this species.

Aphelandra haughtii is easily recognized by its small, ovate bracts,
bearing well-defined ocelli, by its diminutive, nearly glabrous bractlets,
and long crimson corollas. The densely hirsute stems and costa of

242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the upper surface of leaf blade are also very noticeable. It seems
to have no close relative.

60. Aphelandra incarnata Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 87

Frutex vel suffrutex frondosus, caulibus sursum subquadrangulari-
bus, deorsum teretibus, glabratis, sursum dense puberulis, pilis brun-
neis, retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum oblanceolata, abrupte acumi-
nata (apice ipso plus minusve curvato), basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, subchartacea, integra vel leviter crenata, supra glabra vel
subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto dense pilosa, pilis fere
rectis, appressis vel patulis, subtus subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus
puberulis, pilis curvatis et appressis; petioli (pars non alata) breves,
puberuli; spicae plures, terminales et subterminales, pendunculatae,
pedunculis aliquanto gracilibus, puberulis, pilis sursum curvatis,
rhache puberula, pilis fere rectis et patulis; bracteae rubrae (vivae),
ovales, apice rotundatae vel obtusae, mucronatae (infimae acutae),
sericeo-puberulae, dense ciliolatae; ocelli 6-8, suborbiculares, brunnei,
nitidi; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, striato-nervatae,
puberulae, apice pilosae; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, apice acuta,
cuspidata, ciliata, plus minusve erosa, basi glabra, segmentum posterius
ovatum, anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste lanceolata; corolla fere
incarnata (aliquando rubra), puberula, tubo subeylindrico, labio supe-
riore erecto, ovato, bilobata, lobis lanceolatis, acutis, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobo medio ovato-lanceolato, patulo, acuminato, carinato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, triangulo-ovatis, obtusis, cum labio superiore
basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris apice apiculatis, basi acu-
tis; capsulae clavatae, obtusae, glabrae, nitidae, minute punctatae;
semina plana, brunnea, minute hispidula.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters high; branches subquad-
‘angular toward tips, terete below, rather densely brown-puberulous,
the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely curved; leaves numerous, the
blades oblanceolate, up to 30 cm. long and 7 em. wide, abruptly acumi-
nate (the tip more or less curved), graduall y narrowed from above
the middle to a short, naked petiole (the petiole wing ending more or
less abruptly), subchartaceous, entire or shallowly crenate, the upper
surface glabrous or nearly so except costa and lateral veins (12 to 16
pairs), the costa rather densely pilose, the hairs appressed to spread-
ing, nearly straight, 0.5 to 1 mm. long, the lateral veins puberulous, the
hairs mostly curved and appressed, the lower surface minutely white-
punctate under lens, essentially glabrous except costa and veins, these
rather prominent and puberulous, the hairs minute and curved, the
veinlets coarsely anastomosing; petioles (unwinged portions) up to
1 cm. long, puberulous, the hairs recurved ; spikes more or less numer-
ous, both terminal and subterminal, peduncled, up to 6 cm. long and 10

to 12mm. broad, the peduncles rather slender, 2 to 3 cm, long, puberu-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 243

lous, the hairs upwardly curved, the rachis puberulous, the hairs
nearly straight and spreading; bracts red (living), oval, about 1 cm.
long and 6 mm. wide, 3-nerved, rounded or obtuse, mucronate or the
lowermost acute, silky-puberulous, densely ciliolate; ocelli usually
about 6 or 8, well-defined, suborbicular, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter,
brown, nitid; bractlets lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acumi-
nate, carinate, faintly striate-nerved, puberulous, pilose at tip; calyx
segments striate-nerved, acute and cuspidate (the costa prominent),
ciliate and more or less erose toward tip, glabrous toward base, the
posterior segment ovate, 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the anterior pair
lanceolate, slightly over 1.5 mm. wide near base, the lateral pair more
narrowly lanceolate, slightly over 1 mm. wide near base; corolla
usually rose pink (sometimes red), puberulous, about 6 cm. long, the
tube 3 mm. broad at base, 6 or 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, ovate, about 15 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes
lanceolate, about 6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at base, acute, the middle
lobe of the lower lip spreading, ovate-lanceolate, about 21 mm. long,
7 or 8mm. wide, acuminate, carinate, the lateral lobes partly adnate
to the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions triangular-ovate,
9.5 mm. long, 2mm. wide at base, obtuse; stamens reaching about mid-
way between mouth of tube and tip of upper lip, the anthers 6.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. broad near base, apiculate at tip, acute at base; cap-
sules clavate, about 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad near tip, 8 mm. broad near
base, about 8 mm. thick, obtuse at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely punc-
tate; seed (immature) flat, brown, minutely hispidulous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1662446, collected on
Arenosa Creek, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, Magdalena
Valley, between the Sogamoso and Colorado rivers, Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 500 meters altitude, July 19, 1934, by
Oscar Haught (No. 1315).

ANTIOQUIA: Gravel along stream bed, Malena, Pennell 3782 (NY). Dense,
damp woods between Rio Guapé and Leon, Yepes, Blair & Barkley 18C.300
(US) ; Ruiz, Rivera & Barkley 18C.388 (US).

Bonivar: Forest along river, Boca Verde, on the Rio Sint, Pennell 4581 (NY).

CHocé: Along stream in forest, Bahia Solano, Haught 5528 (US). Dense for-
est near Quebrada Seca, vicinity of Ciudad Mutis, Killip & Garcia 33576 (US).

SANTANDER: Along the Rfo Colorado, near El Centro, Haught 2098 (US).

In a general way Aphelandra incarnata resembles A. sinclairiana
Nees, of Costa Rica and Panama. This new species is sufficiently dis-
tinct, however, in its puberulous stems, small spikes and bracts, and
in its nitid glabrous capsules. In A. sinclairiana the stems are hirsute,
the spikes up to 20 cm. long instead of only 6 cm., the bracts up to 2
em. long (1 cm. in A. éncarnata), and the capsules are densely puberu-
lous. The name incarnata alludes to the pink corollas.

244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Lehmann’s No. 7845 is scarcely different from the specimens cited
above. It was collected on the Rio Nuz, Antioquia, Colombia, and
deposited in the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8699).
Lindau considered this to be new and proposed a name for it, but his
species was, apparently, never published.

|"

Ficure 87.—Aphelandra incarnata Leonard (Haught 1315): a, Tip of branch; b, basal
portion of one of the lower leaf blades; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment;
f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, pubescence of the corolla
tube; 1, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; ¢-g, twice natural size; A, about 15 times natural
size; 1, about 3 times natural size.)

The specimens cited were for the most part collected between sea
level and 300 meters altitude. They all produced pink flowers, except
the two Antioquia collections from the Rio Guapa region, these having
red corollas. Lehmann’s No. 7845 according to his field notes produced
blood-red flowers.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 245

61. Aphelandra sericantha Leonard, sp. nov. Faure 88

Frutex, caulibus subteretibus, deorsum glabris, sursum minute
strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel late lanceolata, acum-
inata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, integra
vel undulata, supra glabra vel parce et minute strigosa, costa et venis
inconspicuis, subtus aliquanto et minute strigosa vel hirtella, pilis
pracecipue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis conspicuis, venulis
crasse reticulatis; petioli parce et minute strigosi; spicae terminales,
solitariae, subsessiles, rhache angulata, dense hirtella, pilis diluto-
brunneis, ascendentibus; bracteae ovales, obtusae vel subacutae, apicu-
Jatae, coriaceae, basi minute pubescentes, sericeae, striatae, venulis
prope margines reticulatis ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, glabrae
vel apice hirtellae, basi carinatae, costa et striis tumidis et confluenti-
bus; calycis segmenta subaequalia, lanceolata, subcoriacea, striata,
glabra vel apice ciliata, costa et venis propinquis basi tumidis et con-
fluentibus, segmentum posterius subobtusum, apice plus minusve
laceratum, anteriora subobtusa, apiculata, lateralia acuta; corolla sur-
sum dense sericeo-hirtella, pilis ascendentibus, subbrunneis, bilabiata,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, ovato, apice bilobato, lobis
parvis, rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato, lobo medio lanceo-
lato, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, cum labio superiore basi
connatis; capsulae ignotae.

Shrubs up to a meter high or more; stems subterete, glabrous except
the upper portions, these upwardly strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, closely appressed ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong-
lanceolate, up to 20 em. long and 5.5 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undu-
late, the upper surface glabrous or thinly strigose, the hairs 0.25 mm.
long, the venation rather inconspicuous, the lower surface drying a
lighter olive than the upper, moderately and minutely strigose or
hirtellous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins (10 to 12 pairs),
the venation conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles up
to 5 em. long, sparingly and minutely strigose; spikes terminal, soli-
tary, subsessile, subtended by a pair of small leaves about 1.5 cm. long
and 5 mm. wide, the rachis angled, densely hirtellous, the hairs light
brown, ascending, 0.5 mm. long; bracts oval, 2 cm. long, 12 mm. wide,
obtuse to subacute and apiculate, coriaceous, the basal portion minutely
pubescent, silky, the hairs subappressed, light brown, 150 to 175 p
long, the inner surface evenly, sparingly and minutely puberulous with
appressed hairs, the nerves closely parallel, the veinlets reticulate near
the subhyaline margins; bractlets lanceolate, 8.5 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
wide near base, acuminate (the lower portion carinate), glabrous ex-
cept the hirtellous tip, striate-nerved, the costa and adjacent nerves

246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

swollen and confluent at base; calyx segments subequal, 15 mm. long,
lanceolate, subcoriaceous, striate-nerved, glabrous or ciliate at tip, the
costa and adjacent lateral nerves swollen and confluent at base, the
posterior segment 4.5 mm. wide, subobtuse and more or less lacerate,
the anterior segments 2.5 mm. wide, subobtuse and apiculate, the lat-
eral segments 2.25 mm. wide, acute; corolla up to 5 em. long, densely
and silkily hirtellous, except the glabrous basal portion, the hairs
brown, ascending, about 250 » long, the tube about 6 mm. broad at
mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, bilobate at tip, the lobes rounded, the
lower lip spreading, the lateral lobes minute and connate with the basal
portion of the upper lip, the free portion minute and triangular; cap-
sules not seen.

y
i

YiWVy EZ ZBL
— SERESSSS

Za,
oe
Z
ef

Ficure 88.—Aphelandra sericantha Leonard (Triana s. n., Pacora): a, Tip of plant; 6
portion of undersurface of leaf blade to show venation and pubescence; ¢, bract; d,
bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral
segments. (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d-g, twice natural size.)

’

Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, collected
at Pacora, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude,
February 1852, by J. Triana, s. n. An isotype is in the National
Herbarium of Colombia.

The specific epithet is from the Greek onpuxds, silken, and avOos, flower.
62. Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees

Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees ex Benth. Pl. Hartw. 236. 1846. Type col-
lected in shady woods (sylvis umbrosis) on the Hacienda de Palmar, near
Guaduas, Cundinamarca, Hartweg 1270.

Slender shrubs or small trees up to 4 meters high; stems quadran-
gular toward tip, minutely strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
closely appressed, the lenticels narrowly ellipti cal, corky, up to 1 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, up to 25 cm. long and 11 em.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 247

wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse and submucronulate), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undu' te,
the upper surface glabrous, drying to olive or brownish, the cc sta
shallowly channeled, the lateral veins (12 to 14 pairs) slightly raised,
these and the costa scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying light
olive, sparingly and inconspicuously strigose, the hairs about 0.5 mm.
long, sordid, more numerous on costa and veins than elsewhere, those
bordering costa sometimes more or less spreading; petioles (unwinged
portion) 1.5 to 2 em. long, minutely strigose; spikes terminal, solitary
or often several, up to 45 cm. long and 38 cm. broad, the peduncles of
the terminal spike up to 2 cm. long, those of the lateral spikes up to
14 cm. long, both peduncles and rachis stout, about 6 mm. in diameter,
glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously strigose; bracts red or
orange (living), drying to brown (the border usually a blackish
brown), broadly rhombic-ovate, 16 mm. long, 12 mm. wide, obtuse
or rounded, more or less minutely apiculate, coriaceous, glabrous, the
costa and lateral nerves prominent except toward tip, the ocelli re-
placed by irregular elliptic brown faveolate areas up to about 4 mm.
long and 1.5 mm. wide; bractlets oblong, falcate, oblique, 1 cm. long,
about 4 mm. broad, subcarinate, obtuse, glabrous except the minutely
and sparingly hirsute keel, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending;
calyx 21 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong-elliptic, 8.5 mm. wide,
the anterior pair oblong, 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair linear-oblong,
3.5 mm. wide, all coriaceous, glabrous, obtusish to acute, submucronu-
late at tip; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long, glabrous, yellow or orange, the
upper lip erect, lanceolate, 2 em. long, about 6 mm. wide, bilobed at
tip, the lobes triangular, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acuminate
and apiculate, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading, lance-ovate,
about 2 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral segments
about 7 mm. long, partly adnate to the upper lip of the corolla, their
free portions triangular, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse;
capsules (immature) obovoid, about 13 mm. long and 4 mm. in diam-
eter, glabrous, nitid, minutely and sparingly punctate.

Wooded mountain slopes at lower elevations usually below 100
meters. Endemic. The species was named in honor of Karl Theodor
Hartweg, a German collector of plants. During 1836 he traveled in
Mexico to procure plant material for the Horticultural Society of
London. He visited also Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and
California.

Accompanying Cuatrecasas’ No. 17605 is the following note: “Fru-
tex; tallo sencillo 60 cm. Inflorescencia prismatico tetragonal de brac-
teas imbricadas rojo anaranjadas. Calix rojo anaranjado. Corola
amarilla.” Haught says of his No. 4699: “High slender shrub, to 4 m.
high. Inflorescence a very showy, tetragonal prism of red bracts,
large yellow flowers. Forests, usually along streams.”

IAS CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ANTIOQUIA; Villa Arteaga, Hodge 7053 (US). Near Chigorodé, Haught 4699
(US). Mutatd, Uribe-Uribe 1505 (US).

Borivak: Boca Verde, on the Rio Sint, Pennell 4580 (NY).

CxHoco: Cupica, Ferndndez 354 (US). Near Quebrada Seca, Bahia Solano,
Killip € Garcia 35639 (US).

EL VALLE; Barco on the Rfo Cajambre, Cuatrecasas 17231 (Valle). Le Brea,
Rio Calima, Cuatrecasas 21206 (Valle). La Trojita, Rio Calima, Cuatrecasas
16355 (Valle). Isla de Golondro to La Amargua, Rio Yurumangui, Cuatre-
casas 16069 (Valle). Silva, Rio Cajambre, Cuatrecasas 17605 (Valle).

DEPARTMENT (?): Playa, Lehmann 9047 (NY).

63. Aphelandra xanthantha Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 89

Frutex, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, dense strigosis, pilis
parvis, brunnescentibus, sursum appressis; lamina foliorum reflexa,
oblongo-ovata, tenuiter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decur-
rens, supra parce et minute strigosa, subtus aliquando dense strigosa,
pilis rectis, parvis, arcte appressis, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus; petioli breves, dense et minute strigosi; spicae termi-
nales, solitariae, subsessiles, rhache albotomentosa; bracteae ovato-
Janceolatae, acutae, coriaceae, minute et inconspicue furfuraceae,
glabrae, parce ciliolatae, costa aliquanto prominente, nervis lateralibus
obscuris, marginibus tenuibus; areae alveolatae anguste ellipticae,
obscurae; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, tenuiter acuminatae, cari-
natae, marginibus tenuibus, glabris, graciliter striato-nervatis, carina
dense pilosa, pilis albis, ascendentibus; calycis segmenta tenuia,
coriacea, striato-nervata, minute et inconspicue puberula, segmentum
posterius oblongum, apice rotundatum, anteriora lanceolata, apice
obtusa et apiculata, lateralia anguste lanceolata, apice obtusa; corolla
lutea, papillosa, tubo aliquanto angusto, subcylindrico, labio superiore
ovato, acuminato, apice bilobato, lobis minutis, anguste triangularibus,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio ovato, subacuto, intus puberulo,
lobis lateralibus minutis, rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, antheris apice obtusis, cohaerentibus, basi obtusis
et minute apiculatis, filamentis basi pilosis, sursum glabris; ovarium
glabrum.

Shrubs; stems subquandrangular, densely strigose, the hairs brown-
ish, upwardly appressed, about 0.25 mm. long; leaves reflexed, the
blades oblong to oblong-ovate, up to 18 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, slen-
derly acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the
upper surface sparingly and minutely strigose, the hairs 0.25 mm. long,
the lower surface rather densely strigose, the hairs slightly less than
0.5 mm. long, closely appressed, the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10
pairs) fairly prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1cm. long,
densely and minutely strigose; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, up
to 17 cm. long and 2 cm. broad (without corollas), the rachis white-
tomentose; bracts red (living), ovate-lanceolate, 18 mm. long and

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 249

8 mm. wide at about 5 mm. above base, acute, coriaceous, glabrous,
minutely and inconspicuously scurfy without, sparingly ciliolate, the
costa fairly prominent, the lateral nerves obscure, the margins thin,
the alveolar spots narrowly elliptic, about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, obscure; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 15 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide near base, slenderly acuminate, carinate, the keel densely pilose,

Ficure 89.—A phelandra xanthaniha Leonard (Uribe-Uribe 1862): a, Tip of plant; 6, leaf
blade; ¢, bract; d, glandular area of bract; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of
the anterior segments; 4, one of the lateral segments; 4, corolla (immature) partly spread to
show lips; j, pubescence of corolla tube; &, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; ¢, e-1, natural
size; d, about 5 times natural size; j, about 20 times natural size; &, twice natural size.)

the hairs white, ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long, the margins thin,
glabrous and finely striate-nerved; calyx 18 mm. long, the segments
thin and coriaceous, striate-veined, minutely and inconspicuously
puberulous, the posterior segment oblong, 5 mm. wide, rounded at
apex, the anterior segments lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide, obtuse and apicu-
late at tip, the lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. wide, obtuse
at apex; corollas yellow, about 5 cm. long, papillose without, glabrous
within, except above insertion of filaments, here pilose, the tube rather

250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slender, subcylindric, about 8 mm. broad, the mouth about 5 mm. broad,
the lips about 14 mm. long (immature), the upper one ovate, about
5 mm. wide, acuminate, bilobed at apex, the lobes minute, triangular,
about 1 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower
lip ovate, 5 mm. wide, subacute, puberulous within, the lateral lobes
attached to the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions about
1 mm. long and broad, obtuse; stamens barely exserted, the anthers —
7 mm. long, about 1 mm. broad, obtuse at both ends, the lower lobes
minutely apiculate, the tips cohering, the filaments glabrous except
at. base, here pilose; ovary glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954767, collected in
the woods of Paramitos, Narifio, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
2,000 to 2,200 meters altitude, January 1949, by Lorenzo Uribe-
Uribe (No. 1862).

Aphelandra ranthantha should be easily recognized by its large, red,
ovate-lanccolate bracts, bearing inconspicuous, narrowly elliptical
alveolar spots, and by its yellow corollas with relatively broad but
rather short ovate upper lips minutely bilobed at tip. The name
zanthantha comes from tav6és, yellow, and &vos, flower.

64. Aphelandra straminea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 90

Suffrutex, caulibus teretibus, minute et sursum strigosis vel glabratis,
pilis brunnescentibus; lamina foliorum elliptica, oblonga vel late
oblanceolata, acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, submembranacea, integra vel undulata, supra nitida, glabra,
subtus parce et minute strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus, costa et venis
aliquanto prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli longi, glabri
vel parce strigosi; spicae longae, terminales, solitariae, subsessiles,
rhache flocculoso-tomentosa; bracteae decussatae, arcte imbricatae,
thombeo-ovatae, acutae vel subacuminatae, apice ipso rotundato,
coriaceae, marginibus subhyalinis, deorsum ciliolatis, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus, utrinque glabrae; areola opaca elliptica
alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae, carinatae,
carina dense et molliter pubescente, marginibus subhyalinis, ciliolatis ;
calycis segmenta striato-nervata, segmentum _posterius oblongo-
ovatum, apice obtusum, sursum pubescens, segmenta anteriora lanceo-
lata, obtusa, apiculata, glabra, lateralia anguste lanceolata, obtusa et
apiculata, glabra; corolla straminea, tubo angusto, aliquanto curvato,
labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, bilobato, lobis triangularibus,
acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, ovato, apice
acuto et recurvato, lobis lateralibus parvis, rotundatis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta; capsulae oblongae, apice
rotundatae, glabrae, minute punctatae; semina plana, brunnea, parce
papillosa,

LEONARD! THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 251

Suffrutescent herbs up to 2 meters high; stems terete, minutely and
upwardly strigose, or glabrate, the hairs brownish, about 0.25 mm.
long, the lenticels corky, conspicuous, light brown, up to about 0.75
mm. long; leaf blades elliptic to oblong or broadly oblanceolate, 20 to
30 em. long, 7 to 11.5 cm. wide, or the uppermost smaller, acuminate
at apex (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface
drying olive, nitid, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs)
flat or slightly raised, moderately conspicuous, the lower surface drying
a slightly lighter shade than the upper, rather sparingly and minutely
strigose, the hairs brownish and about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins raised and rather conspicuous, the veinlets coarsely but
inconspicuously reticulate; petioles 5 to 15 em. long (the upper half
or third narrowly winged), glabrous or sparingly and minutely
strigose; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, up to 26 cm. long and
12 mm. broad, quadrangular, the rachis white-cottony-tomentose ;
bracts decussate, closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, 1 cm. long, about
7 mm. wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself rounded), coriaceous,
the margins subscarious, ciliolate near base of bract, the costa promi-
nent, inconspicuously excurrent at tip, the lateral nerves conspicuous
except on the broad scarious margins, both surfaces glabrous, the ocelli
replaced by dull alveolate oval areas about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide; bractlets lanceolate, 10 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, carinate, the
keel densely soft-pubescent, the margins subglabrous, ciliolate; calyx
11.5 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong-ovate, 5 mm. wide, the
anterior pair lanceolate, 8 mm. wide, the lateral pair more narrowly
janceolate, 2.5 mm. wide, all striate-nerved, the posterior segment
sparingly and minutely pubescent, obtuse at apex, the other glabrous
and minutely apiculate; corolla straw-color, tinged with pink
(Haught), papillose without, slightly curved, about 5 cm. long, the
tube about 5 mm. broad near base, narrowed to 3 mm. at 10 mm. above
base, thence gradually expanded to about 7 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip erect, 15 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, the 2 apical lobes narrowly
triangular, about 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the middle lobe of the
lower lip spreading, ovate, 17 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, the apex acute
and recurved, the lateral lobes partly adnate to the upper lip, their
free portions about 1 mm. long and broad, rounded; stamens exserted
about 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers about
6 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, their basal lobe muticous; capsules ob-
long, 14 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, rounded, glabrous, minutely
punctate under a lens; seeds brown, flat, 4 mm. long and 3 mm. broad,
sparingly papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1662504, collected in a
swampy forest at Puerto Araujo on the Rio Carare, vicinity of Puerto

252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Berrio, Department of Santander, Colombia, 100 to 700 meters alti-
tude, June 6, 1935, by Oscar Haught (No. 1750). An isotype is in the
herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. Mutis 1501 (S, US)
is also of this species.

Aphelandra straminea can be separated from A. hodgei, A. longi-
spica, and other closely related species by its straw-colored corollas,

Ficure 90.—d phelandra straminea Leonard (Haught 1750): a, Tip of stem including basal
portion of spike; b, tip of spike; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the
anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments; h, glandular area of bract;i, corolla. (a,b,
Half natural size; e-g, twice natural size; h, about 3 times natural size; t, natural size.)

hence the specific name straminea. The spike of the Stockholm speci-
men cited above is atypical in being poorly developed (only about 5
cm. long).

65. Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard, Sp. Nov. FIGuRE 91

Frutex, caulibus teretibus, strigosis, pilis arcte appressis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata vel elliptica, apice breviter acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, un-
dulata vel crenata, supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus aliquanto stri-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 253

gosa, pilis brunnescentibus et arcte appressis, costa et venis lateralibus
aliquanto prominentibus; petioli breves, dense strigosi; spicae plures,
terminales et subterminales, breviter pedunculatae, pedunculis mi-
nute strigosis, rhache albo-flocculoso-tomentosa; bracteae rhombico-
ovatae, brunnescenti-aurantiacae (siccae), acutae, ciliolatae, intus
glabrae, extus strigosae (praecipue in area mediana), ad margines
glabrae et subhyalinae, costa et nervis lateralibus obscuris, areis
alveolatis ellipticis, brunneis; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae,
carinatae, carina dense pubescente, pilis albescentibus, ascendentibus;
calycis segmenta coriacea, striato-nervata, apice subacuta, segmentum
posterius oblongum, tenuiter pubescens (praecipue in area mediana),
segmenta anteriora et lateralia anguste oblonga, deorsum glabra, sur-
sum minute puberulenta; corolla ignota; capsulae subclavatae, apice
rotundatae, glabrae.

Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems woody, terete, upwardly strigose,
the hairs closely appressed, about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
ovate to elliptic, up to 14 cm. long and 5 em. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip blunt), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, sub-
coriaceous, undulate to crenate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly
so, the lower surface moderately strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, brownish, closely appressed, the costa and lateral veins (8 to
10 pairs) rather prominent; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1 cm.
long, densely strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; spikes several
terminal and subterminal, pedunculate, up to 10 cm. long, about 1 cm.
broad, the peduncles up to 1 cm. long and 1.5 mm. in diameter, mi-
nutely strigose, the rachis white-tomentose; bracts rhombic-ovate, dry-
ing brownish orange, 1 cm. long, 5.5 mm. wide slightly below middle,
acute, subtomentose at base, the medial region moderately strigose
(the hairs about 0.25 mm. long), the marginal region glabrous and
subhyaline, ciliolate, the inner surface glabrous, the costa and lateral
nerves inconspicuous, the alveolar spot elliptic, about 1 mm. long and
0.5 mm. wide, brown; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
acuminate, carinate, the keel densely pubescent, the hairs whitish,
ascending, slightly exceeding 0.5 mm. in length; calyx 11 mm. long,
the posterior segment oblong, 3.5 mm. wide, the medial region finely
pubescent, the hairs ascending, the anterior and lateral segments
narrowly oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, glabrous toward base, minutely
puberulous toward tip, all the segments coriaceous, striate-nerved and
subacute at tip; corollas not seen; ovary glabrous; capsules subclavate,
12 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick, rounded at tip,
glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954096, collected in
tamp woods below te divide, Santa Elena, along te road between
Medellhin and Rionegro, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,500

254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

meters altitude, April 2, 1949, by Fred A. Barkley, Rosa Scolnik, and
Tomas G. Orozco (No. 523). Also of this species are: Barkley,
Rios & Betancourt 618 (US), collected in a densely wooded region
near La Palmitas, Antioquia, 1,700 meters altitude, and Scolnih,
Barkley & Pena 554 (US), collected in a damp open woods in the
Boquerén de San Cristdbal, Antioquia, 2,500 meters altitude, March
5, 1949.

Aphelandra scolnikae is probably related to A. glabrata. A close
examination of the specimens cited failed to reveal the least vestige
of a corolla. Yet “flores amarillo-claras” constitutes a part of the

Ficure 91.—Aphelandra scolnikae Leonard (Barkley, Scolnik, & Oroxco 523): a, Tip of plant;
b, bract; c, glandular area of bract consisting of numerous minute ocelli; d, bractlet; e,
posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments; g, one of the lateral segments.
(a, Half natural size; b, d-g, twice natural size; c, about 3 times natural size.)

data of the type sheet. The note that Barkley, Rios, and Betancourt’s
No. 618 had “flores rojas,” may have applied to red bracts, which
were mistaken for corollas.

66. Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard, sp. noy. Figure 92

Frutex, caulibus teretibus, dense strigosis, pilis brunnescentibus ;
lamina foliorum elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel undulata, supra glabra
vel parce strigosa, subtus dense sericeo-pilosa, pilis albidis, ascenden-
tibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus; petioli ali-
quanto breves, dense strigosi; spicae solitariae, subsessiles, breves,
bracteis imbricatis, rhache tenuiter pilosa vel subtomentosa, pilis

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 255

albidis; bracteae rhombico-ovatae, obtusae, glabrae vel dorso parce et
tenuiter pubescentes, marginibus tenuiter ciliatis, costa et nervis la-
teralibus aliquanto prominentibus; areolae alveolatae, opacae, ellip-
ticae; bracteolae oblique lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, area
marginali glabra, striata, ciliata, carina dense et tenuiter pilosa, pilis
ascendentibus; calycis segmenta coriacea, obscure striata, dorso tenu-
iter pubescentia, costa et venis lateralibus sursum obscuris, basi indu-
ratis, callum triangularem ferentibus, segmentum posterius anguste
ovatum, apice subacutum et ciliatum, anteriora oblique lanceolata,
acuta, lateralia anguste lanceolata, acuta; corolla (immatura) papil-
losa; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs; stems terete or subterete, densely strigose, the hairs brown-
ish, about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, up to 12 cm. long and
4. em. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, subcoriaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface drying to dark olive-brown, glabrous or sparingly
strigose, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa, the lower surface drying
to gray, densely and silky-pilose or subtomentose, the hairs whitish,
up to 0.75 mm. long, ascending, the costa and lateral veins moderately
conspicuous, more so beneath than above; petioles up to 1 cm. long,
densely strigose; spikes solitary, terminal, curved, subsessile, up to
6 em. long and 8 mm. broad, the bracts rather closely imbricate, the
rachis finely pilose or subtomentose, the hairs whitish ; bracts rhombic-
ovate, 6 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at 2 mm. above base, obtuse, glabrous
or finely and sparingly pubescent dorsally, the margins finely ciliate,
the costa and lateral nerves rather prominent; alveolar area dull,
elliptic, about 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide; bractlets obliquely
lanceolate, acuminate, carinate, 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the keel
densely and finely pilose, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long, whitish,
the marginal areas 0.5 to 1 mm. wide, glabrous, striate, the margins
ciliate; calyx 6.5 mm. long, the segments coriaceous, obscurely striate,
finely pubescent dorsally, the costa and lateral nerves obscure except
at base, here indurate forming a thick triangular callus, the posterior
segment narrowly ovate, 3.5 mm. wide, subacute, ciliate at tip, the
anterior segments obliquely lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, acute, the lateral
pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; corolla (immature)
papillose; ovary glabrous.

Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected at Casas
Viejas, Limbo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 100 meters
altitude, February 1858, by J. Triana (s. n.). Fragment of type in
the U. S. National Herbarium.

Lehmann’s No. 5506 (K), collected in dense bush-woods on steep,
stony mountain slopes between Las Juntas and El Naranjo, on the
Rio Dagua, Andes west of Cali, Department of E1 Valle, 800 to 1,000

228609—53——10

256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

meters altitude, is also of this species. Lehmann’s field note is as fol-
lows: “Shrub up to 3 m. in height, with a candelabrum-shaped rami-
fication. Leaves dark green, shiny, fairly robust. Flowers light
blood-red.”

Aphelandra sericophylla is close to A. glabrata, differing chiefly in
the densely silky pilose lower surface of the leaf blades. The name
servcophylla is derived from the Greek onprxés, silky, and $id or, leaf.

Ficure 92.—A phelandra sericophylla Leonard (Triana s. n., Casas Viejas, Limbo): a, Tip of
stem; b, tip of leaf blade (upper surface); c, bract; d, glandular area showing numerous
minute ocelli; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior segments; h,
one of the lateral segments; 1, pubescence of corolla tube (immature). (a, b, Half natural
size; ¢, ¢-h, twice natural size; d, about 3 times natural size; 1, about 40 times natural size.)

67, Aphelandra garciae Leonard, sp. nov. Friaure 93

Frutex gracilis, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabris, sursum dense
strigosis, pilis sordidis; lamina foliorum obovata vel late oblanceolata,
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel rotundato), basi angustata,
in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, supra glabra, minute alveo-
lata, subtus parce strigosa, costa et venis aliquanto dense strigosis,
pilis sordidis; petioli breves, dense strigosi; spicae terminales, soli-
tariae, subsessiles, rhache minute pilosa, pilis ascendentibus; bracteae
rhombico-ovatae, apice rotundatae et subapiculatae, coccineae (vivae),
brunnescentes (siccae), intus glabrae, extus minute lepidotae, costa
et nervis prominentibus, marginibus subhyalinis et ciliolatis; areola
elliptica, opaca, alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae,
subfalcatae, carinatae, marginibus striato-nervatis, subhyalinis, carina
dense pilosa pilis brunnescentibus, ascendentibus; calycis segmenta

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 257

sursum pilosa, deorsum glabra, striato-nervata, acuta (apice ipso ob-
tuso et minute apiculato), segmentum posterius oblongo- ellipticum,
anteriora oblonga, lateralia lineari-oblonga; corolla flava, extus min-
ute hirsuta, intus strigosa, tubo subcylindrico, leviter curvato, labio
superiore erecto, elliptico, bilobato, lobis triangulari-ovatis, tenuiter
acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, ovato, acum}!
nato, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, apice obtusis, cum labio
superiore basi connatis; ovarium glabrum.

Shrub, up to 75 cm. high, slender, straight, the tips of the branches
densely strigose, the hairs sordid, about 0.5 mm, long, the lower por-
tions of the stems terete, glabrate, the lenticels minute, brown, corky,
inconspicuous; leaf blades obovate or broadly oblanceolate, up to 30
cm. long and 11.5 mm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or
rounded), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, submem-
branaceous, entire or undulate, the upper surface drying to olive-
green, glabrous, minutely alveolate under lens, the costa and lateral
veins flat or slightly raised, barely conspicuous, the lower surface dry-
ing to green or light olive-green, sparingly strigose, the hairs sordid,
about 0.75 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins rather densely strigose,
raised and more conspicuous than on the upper surface; petioles (un-
winged portion) up to 1 cm. long, the pubescence similar to that of the
stem; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 22 cm. long and 1 cm. broad,
the peduncle barely 0.5 cm. long and 3.5 mm. in diameter, densely
strigose, the rachis minutely pilose, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, as-
cending, yellowish; bracts rhombic-ovate, 12 mm. long, 8 mm. wide,
rounded and subapiculate at apex, coriaceous, bright red (living), dry-
ing to yellowish brown, glabrous within, minutely scurfy without, the
costa and nerves prominent, the margins subhyaline, ciliolate except
toward base, the ocelli replaced by a dull elliptic faveolate area about
2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, subfalcate, carinate,
12 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, the keel densely pilose, the hairs about
0.5 mm. long, light brown or whitish, ascending, the margins striate-
nerved, subhyaline; calyx about 2 cm. long, the posterior segment ob-
long, elliptic, slightly over 5 mm. wide, finely pilose toward tip, the
hairs whitish, subappressed, the anterior pair 4.5 mm. wide, the lateral
pair somewhat narrower than the anterior pair and like them, glabrous
or bearing a few hairs at tip, all of the segments acute (the tip itself
blunt, minutely apiculate) and ciliate; corolla yellow, drying brown,
minutely hirsute, the hairs subappressed or ascending, some of them
as much as 0.5 mm. long, the tube slightly curved, 4 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 8 mm. at 5 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged into a subcylindric throat 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper
lip erect, elliptic, 15 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes tri-
angular-ovate, about 8 mm. long, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe

258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

of the lower lip spreading, ovate, 15 mm. long, about 7 mm. wide, acumi-
nate, strigose within, the hairs closely appressed, about 0.5 mm. long,
the lateral lobes triangular, about 4 mm. long, partly adnate to the

Ficure 93.—Aphelandra garciae Leonard (Killip & Garcia 33532): a, Tip of plant; b, alveolar
upper surface of leaf blade under strong lens; c, tip of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract;
e, glandular area of bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of the anterior
segments; 1, one of the lateral segments; j, corolla; k, pubescence of corolla tube. (a, ¢,
Half natural size; b, about 20 times natural size; d, f-1, twice natural size; ¢, about 4 times
natural size; 7, natural size; k, about 16 times natural size.)

lower part of the upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm. long and

1mm. wide, obtuse; ovary glabrous; stamens and capsules not seen.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1770464, collected in

dense forest along the Quebrada Jellita, Bahia Solano, Department of

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 259

Chocé, Colombia, 50 to 100 meters altitude, February 22, 1939, by
E. P. Killip and Hernando Garcia-Barriga (No. 83532).

Aphelandra garciae is distinct from other species of the A phelandra
pulcherrima-tetragona complex in its yellow, minutely hirsute corollas
(at least the lower lip strigose within), and in the minutely pilose
rachis. Its closest relative is possibly A. blandze.

Killip and Cuatrecasas’ No. 39123, collected in dense tidal forest
along the banks of Quebrada Togoroma, Chocé, June 18, 1944, is un-
doubtedly of this species even though the color of the corolla is noted
as red.

68. Aphelandra crenata Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 94

Frutex erectus, caulibus sursum quadrangularibus, glabris; lamina
foliorum magna, oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (1), basi angus-
tata, in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea, valde crenata, utrinque
glabra vel subtus in costa et venis parce puberula; spicae plures, termi-
nales, subsessiles, laterales pedunculatae, pedunculis glabris vel parce
et minute strigosis, rhache glabra; bracteae coccineae (vivae), ovatae,
obtusae, coriaceae, costa prominente, in mucrone minuto terminantes;
areola elliptica opaca, alveolata, nigro-brunnescente pro ocellis substi-
tuta; bracteolae lanceolatae, falcatae, carinatae, subacutae, carina
dense hirsuta, pilis flavescentibus, ascendentibus, marginibus glabris,
subhyalinis, apice plus minusve ciliatae; calycis segmenta glabra, cil1-
ata, striato-nervata, apice rotundata et mucronata, basi indurata, seg-
mentum posterius oblongum, anteriora anguste oblonga, lateralia line-
ari-oblonga; corolla rosea, dense papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiore erecto, elliptico, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio elliptico, apice mucronato, recurvato,
lobis lateralibus parvis, ovatis, obtusis, cum labio superiore basi con-
natis; stamina vix exserta, antheris basi acutis.

An erect soft-wooded shrub; stems quadrangular toward tip,
glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 40 cm. long and 18.5 cm.
wide, short-acuminate (?), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, submembranaceous, prominently and irregularly crenate ex-
cept the narrowed basal portion, the upper surface drying olive-green,
glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (16 to 18 pairs) slightly raised,
scarcely conspicuous, the lower surface drying to grayish olive-green,
densely and minutely white-punctate under lens, glabrous or the costa
and lateral veins sparingly puberulous, the hairs appressed or spread-
ing; spikes several, up to 16 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the terminal
ones subsessile, the lateral borne on peduncles up to 3.5 cm. long,
these glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose, the rachis glabrous ;
bracts coriaceous, scarlet (Zaught) in live plants, drying to light
brown proximally, shading to blackish brown toward tip, glabrous,

260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ovate, 13 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, obtuse, the costa rather promi-
nent, ending in a minute mucro, the flanking nerves fairly prominent
except toward tip; ocelli replaced by elliptical, dull blackish brown
faveolate areas up to 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate,
falcate, carinate, 10 mm. long, slightly over 8 mm. wide, acutish, the
costa and keel densely hirsute, the hairs yellowish, ascending, about

Ficure 94.—Aphelandra crenata Leonard (Haught 1464): a, Basal portion of inflorescence;
b, node showing lower portion of leaf blade (lower surface); ¢, crenation of margin from
middle portion of leaf blade; d, bract; ¢, glandular area of bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior
calyx segment; h, one of the anterior segments; i, one of the lateral segments; j, corolla;
k, pubescence of corolla tube. (a-c, Half natural size; d, f-1, twice natural size; ¢, about
4 times natural size; 7, natural size; k, about 20 times natural size.)

0.5 mm. long, the marginal area glabrous, bordered by a narrow sub-
hyaline edging, the tip more or less ciliate; calyx 16 to 17 mm. long,
the posterior segment oblong, slightly over 7 mm. wide, the anterior
segments narrowly oblong, 5 mm. wide, the lateral segments linear-
oblong, 3 mm. wide, all minutely scurfy within, glabrous and striate-
nerved without, ciliate, rounded and minutely mucronate at tip, in-
durate at base; corollas rose, densely papillose, 7 cm. long from base

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 261

to tip of upper lip, 10 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 4 mm. at 8
mm. above base, thence enlarged to a slightly curved subcylindric
throat, 7 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, elliptic, about 23
mm. long and 9 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular, 9 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, acute, the middle lobe of the lower lip spreading,
narrowly elliptic, 3 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, the submucronate tip
slightly recurved, the lateral lobes about 1 cm. long, partly adnate to
the lower part of the upper lip, their free portions 2 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond mouth of the
corolla tube, the anthers 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, acute at base,
blunt at tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1662465, collected at
Camp Zarzal, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, in the Magdalena
Valley, between the Sogamoso and Colorado rivers, Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 500 meters altitude, December 15, 1934,
by Oscar Haught (No. 1464).

Idrobo and Schultes’ No. 885, collected at Guapayita, Cordillera La
Macarena, Meta, 500 to 600 meters altitude, December 20-28, 1950, is
also of this species.

Aphelandra crenata is related to A. hartwegiana, differing in its
rose-colored corolla, densely hirsute keel of the bractlets, and its
rounded calyx segments. The specific name crenata alludes to the
strongly crenate margins of the leaf blades.

69. Aphelandra glabrata Nees

Aphelandra glabrata Willd. ex Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 296. 1847. Type col-
lected between Fusagasugé and Pandi, Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, by Humboldt. Photograph of type material from the Berlin Herbarium
in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. photograph No. 8708).

Shrubs, or suffrutescent herbs, up to 2 meters high; stems terete, erect

or ascending, sparingly branched, the tips densely and minutely stri-
gose, the hairs brownish, appressed, the lower portions of the stem
glabrate, the lenticels raised, corky, minute, orbicular to linear, the
larger barely more than 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades obovate to elliptic
or oblong or oblanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 12 cm. wide, more or
less abruptly acuminate (the tip itself blunt, the apex often curved),
gradually narrowed to base, coriaceous, the upper surface drying olive
to dark brown, nitid, glabrous or the costa minutely hirsute or in
young leaves the entire surface hirsute, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long,
appressed or spreading, the costa and lateral veins, usually 10 to 12
pairs, flat or slightly raised, the lower surface drying light olive or
brown, the entire surface usually rather densely but minutely hirsute,
the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, appressed or ascending, brownish;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 10 mm. long, the pubescence similar
to that of the stems; flowers borne in 1 to several terminal subsessile

262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

spikes 4 to 15 em. long or occasionally as much as 20 cm. long, the
rachis white-cottony; bracts red, closely imbricate, subrhombic, up
to 7mm. long and 5 mm. wide at 2.5 mm. above base, glabrous or softly
pubescent dorsally without, densely ciliolate, the costa and 2 or more
nerves on either side prominent, these flanked on either side by a flat,
elliptic, subpunctate glandular spot about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide; bractlets lanceolate, oblique, 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
carinate, the keel densely white-pilose, the hairs appressed to ascend-
ing, the margins subhyaline, ciliate at tip, delicately striate-nerved ;
calyx 7.5 mm. long, glabrous, striate-nerved, the posterior segment 4
mm. wide, obtuse, the anterior pair 2.25 mm. wide, the lateral pair 2
mm. wide, both pairs acute to obtuse; corollas 3.5 cm. long, bright red,
glabrous, minutely punctate, the tube about 2.5 mm. broad at base,
narrowed at tip of ovary to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm.
at mouth, the upper lip erect, 15 mm. long, about 7 mm. broad at base,
narrowed to a slender 2-lobed tip, the lobes 3.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, slenderly acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip spread-
ing, lance-elliptic, 4 mm. wide, obtuse at apex, conduplicate; capsules
glabrous, 138 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, sparingly and in-
conspicuously punctate ; mature seed not seen.

A phelandra glabrata can be recognized and readily separated from
A. pulcherrima by its smooth, albicant stems and glossy leaves, char-
acters which suggested the specific name. The flowering season ex-
tends from May through August. According to Killip, Dugand, and
Jaramillo (No. 38155), the entire inflorescence takes on a deep purple
color with age.

Woods and thickets, often along streams at various elevations rang-
ing from 100 to 2,200 meters. Apparently endemic in Colombia.

Antioquia: Vicinity of Dabeiba, Johnson € Barkley 180.409 (US); Uribe-
Uribe 1486 (Col). Urabé, Rio Rama, between Dabeiba and Uraba, Uribe-Uribe
1517 (Col).

CUNDINAMARCA: Along trail to Anapoima, east of Apulo, Killip, Dugand, & Jara-
millo 38155 (US). Fusagasugi, Holton 595 (Ph, NY). Guaduas, Bro. Ariste-
Joseph 1019 (US). Between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, at the Hacienda
Paramillo, Garcia-Barriga 12358 (US). Narifio, Pérez-Arbeldcz 417 (Col, US).
Péramos of Guasca, toward Gacheta, Bro. Ariste-Joseph s. n. (NY, US). La
Paila, Triana (Col). Quebrada Carmargo, north of Apulo, Killip, Dugand, &
Jaramillo 38237 (US).

En. VALLE: Cali, Herrera 944 (US). La Cumbre, Pennell 5676 (Ph, NY, US).
Rio Dagua, Killip 35586 (US) ; Lehmann s. n. (KX).

HvIta: East of Neiva, Rusby d Pennell 409 (US).

ToriMa: Angostura de Honda, André 287 (K). Doima, Haught 2449 (US).
Honda, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A360 (US).

DEPARTMENT (?): Mutis 720 (US), 1504 (US); Triana s. n. (NY, US).

70. Aphelandra hodgei Leonard, sp. nov. FIGure 95

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice
breviter acuminata (?), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 263

supra glabra, subtus parce et minute strigosa, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus; petioli glabri; spica terminalis, solitaria, subsessilis,
rhache dense sericeo-pubescente, pilis albis; bracteae coccineae, ovatae,
obtusae, intus sursum puberulae, extus dorso puberulae, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus; areola elliptica opaca alveolata pro ocellis
substituta; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae,
carina dense albo-pubescente, ciliatae, basi dentem ascendentem sub-
hyalinum ferentes; calycis segmenta acuta, chartacea, striato-nervata,
fere glabra, apice pilos raros minutos ferentia, segmentum posterius
angusto-ovatum, segmenta anteriora lanceolata, lateralia anguste
lanceolata; corolla coccinea, minute papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio
posteriore ovato, apice bilobato, lobis anguste triangularibus, subulatis,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio elliptico, apice acuminato, lobis
lateralibus triangularibus, obtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta; antherae apice cohaerentes; ovarium glabrum.
Suffretescent; stems glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
30 em. long and 10 cm. wide, acuminate(?), narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, membranaceous, entire, glabrous above, the
lower surface bearing a thin pubescence of inconspicuous, closely ap-
pressed, brownish, straight hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins (12 or 13 pairs) prominent; petioles up to 4 cm. long,
glabrous; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, up to 13 cm. long and
1.5 cm. broad, the rhachis densely white-silky-pubescent, the hairs
straight, ascending, about 0.5 mm. long; bracts scarlet, ovate, 12 mm.
long and 8 mm. wide at 3 mm. above base, obtuse at apex, ciliolate, the
inner surface puberulous toward tip, the outer surface sparingly
puberulous on and near the costa, the hairs appressed and minute, the
costa and 8 pairs of lateral veins prominent, the ocelli replaced by
a small, opaque, oval, alveolar area up to 2 mm. long and 1 mm. wide;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at 3 mm.
above base, narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, the keel densely white-
pubescent, the hairs fine, ascending, about 0.5 mm. long, the inner
surface appressed-pubescent medially and toward tip, the margins
ciliate, bearing near base an ascending, subhyaline tooth about 1 mm.
long; calyx segments chartaceous, striate, bearing a few minute hairs
toward tip, otherwise glabrous, the posterior segment narrowly ovate,
13.5 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide at 3 mm. above base, the anterior segments
lanceolate, 13.5 mm. long and 3.25 mm. wide at 3 mm. above base, the
lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, carinate, 11 mm. long and 2.25 mm.
wide at 3 mm. above base, all acute and minutely apiculate at tip;
corolla 5 cm. long, scarlet, minutely papillate without, densely pilose
within at and near the attachment of the stamens, the hairs white,
ascending, about 0.75 mm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, 4 mm.
broad at 4 mm. above base, then gradually narrowed to 3.5 mm. at 12
mm, above base, thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at throat, the upper

264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip ovate, 17 mm. long, 10 mm. wide at middle, bilobed at tip, the lobes
narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, subulate at tip,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe elliptic, 6 mm. wide at middle,
curved and acuminate at tip, the lateral lobes adhering in part to the
upper lip, their free portions triangular, 1.25 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, obtuse; stamens slightly exserted, almost reaching the tip of
the upper lip of the corolla, attached to the corolla tube at 6 mm. above
base, the filaments sparingly pilose toward base, the anthers 7 mm. long
and 1.5 mm. broad, their tips webby and slightly adhering; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Ficure 95.—Aphelandra hodget Leonard (Hodge 6513): a, Spike; b, basal portion of leaf
(lower surface); ¢, bract; d, glandular area; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one
of the anterior segments; A, one of the lateral segments; 1, lower lip of corolla; J, upper lip;
k, pubescence of corolla tube; /, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; c, e, f-A, twice natural size;
d, about 4 times natural size; 7, 7, natural size; k, about 20 times natural size; /, about 2%
times natural size.)

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in forest along the Rfo
Carare, east of Puerto Berrio, Department of Santander, Colombia,
300 to 400 meters altitude, September 28, 1945, by W. H. Hodge
(No. 6513). Isotype in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia,
Medellin, Colombia.

Aphelandra hodgei is related to A. straminea, also from Santander,
which has the same soft, silky pubescence on the rachis, the large,
oblong-elliptic leaf blades, these glabrous above and inconspicuously

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 265

appressed-brown-hairy beneath, and firm, obtuse bracts with poorly
defined glandular areas. Aphelandra straminea differs, however, in
its much longer petioles and spikes. Peculiar, when compared with
other related species, is the pair of thin but well-formed teeth on the
inner margin of the bractlets near their base. Hodge states that the
species is a common forest herb.

The leaf blades of the material cited were so completely eaten by
insects that no description of their tips can be made.

71. Aphelandra longispica Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 96

Frutex, caulibus subteretibus, parce strigosis vel glabratis, pilis
minutis, sursum appressis; lamina foliorum ovato-elliptica, late ob-
lanceolata, apice acuminata vel subacuminata (apice ipso subobtuso),
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, membranacea, integra vel un-
dulata, subnitida, glabra vel subtus pilos raros minutos appressos
ferens, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus; petioli aliquanto
breves, glabri vel parce et minute strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, termin-
ales, subsessiles, rhache albo-sericeo-pilosa, pilis gracilibus; bracteae
arcte appressae, quadrifariae, ovatae, obtusae, coriaceae, glabrae,
prominenter striato-nervatae, ciliolatae; areola elliptica, punctata pro
ocellis substituta ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, carina
dense sericeo-pilosa, pilis albis, ascendentibus, marginibus subhyalinae,
striato-nervatae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta membranacea, striato-ner-
vata, glabra, acuta vel subacuta, segmentum posterius ovatum, seg-
menta anteriora et lateralia lanceolata; corolla rubra, minute et dense
papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore erecto, acuto, labio in-
feriore trilobato, lobo medio ovato, acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis,
rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta;
eapsulae subclavatae, apice rotundatae, glabrae, nitidae, deorsum
minute punctatae; retinacula apice cucullata.

Shrubs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subterete, sparingly strigose or
glabrate, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, upwardly appressed; leaf
blades ovate-elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 8
em. wide, acuminate or subacuminate (the tip itself subobtuse), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or undulate,
subnitid, glabrous or the lower surface bearing a few scattered, minute,
appressed hairs, the costa and lateral veins (10 to12 pairs) prominent,
the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles (unwinged portion) 1 to 3
cm. long, glabrous or minutely and sparingly strigose, the channel
shallow; spikes 1 or several, terminal, subsessile, up to 30 cm. long
and 8 mm. broad, the rachis white-silky-pilose; bracts closely ap-
pressed, quadrifarious, ovate, 8 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, obtuse, coria-
ceous, glabrous, dull without, nitid within, prominently striate-nerved,
ciliolate, the ocelli represented by an elliptic, dull, punctate area about
1.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 2

266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

mm. wide, acuminate, carinate, the keel densely silky-white-pilose,
the hairs ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long, the marginal area subhyaline,
striate-nerved, ciliate; calyx segments thin, striate-nerved, glabrous,
the posterior segment 8.5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, subacute, the

Ficure 96.—Aphelandra longispica Leonard (Killip, Dugand, & Jaramillo 38346): a, Tip of
plant showing leaves and lower half of spike; }, tip of spike; ¢, bract; d, a glandular area of
bract; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior segments; h, one of the
lateral segments; t, lower lip of corolla; 7, upper lip; &, pubescence or roughening of the
corolla tube; /, capsule, the dots representing puncta. (a, b, Half natural size; c, ¢, f-h,
twice natural size; d, 4 times natural size; 7, 7, /, natural size; k, about 10 times natural
size.)

anterior pair lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, acute, the inner
pair lanceolate, 2 mm. wide, acute, subfalcate and subcarinate; corolla
red, minutely and densely papillose, 5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at
tip of ovary to 8 mm. then abruptly enlarged to 5 mm. and thence grad-
ually to 6 mm. near mouth of tube, the upper lip erect, ovate, about

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 267

13 mm. long and 10 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip spreading(?),
ovate, about 15 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes small,
partly attached to upper lip, their free portions about 1.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, rounded; stamens reaching tip of upper lip;
capsules subclavate, about 15 mm. long and 4 mm. in diameter, blunt
at tip, glabrous, nitid, minutely punctate toward base; retinacula 3
mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, cucullate at tip; seed not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1855858, collected along
the Quebrada Cabafia, Hacienda E] Cucharo, between Tocaima and
Pubenza, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 880 to 600 meters
altitude, May 8, 1944, by E. P. Killip, A. Dugand, and R. Jaramillo
(No. 38346). Mutis’ No. 1502 (US, 1562829), collected in Colombia,
is also this species.

Aphelandra longispica closely resembles A. straminea in many re-
spects, e. g. in the size and shape of the spikes, the numerous minute
papillae covering the corolla, and the glabrous capsules minutely
punctate toward base. The corollas, however, of A. longispica are
red instead of stramineous, the leaf blades prevailingly smaller (up to
20 cm. long instead of 30 cm.), and the petioles much shorter (un-
winged portion up to 3 instead of 12 cm.). The upper lip of the
corolla of A. longispica, moreover, seems to be entire, instead of bilobed
as in A. straminea.

72. Aphelandra blandii Lindau

Aphelandra blandit Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 656. 1897. Type collected at
Santa Fé de Bogotd, Colombia, by Bland, and deposited in the Berlin Her-
barium. Photographs of the type in the U. 8. National Herbarium (Field
Mus. photograph No. 8701; Copenhagen Herbariuin No. 22154).

Suffrutescent ; stems terete, glabrous except the tips, these sparingly

strigose, the hairs upwardly appressed, about 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-ovate, 15 to 25 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate at apex,
more or less abruptly narrowed at base into a broadly winged petiole,
entire or shallowly crenate, the upper surface drying dull green,
glabrous, the lower surface drying light green, glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs), these sparingly pubescent;
petioles (unwinged portion) about 1 cm. long, strigose; spikes one to
several, terminal and axillary, 5 to 17 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, the
rachis glabrous; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 12 mm. long,
4 to 5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, prominently 3-nerved, glabrous,
ciliate, the ocelli replaced by dull, elliptical, alveolate areas up to 2
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 8 to 10 mm. long,
1.5 to 2 mm. wide, carinate, the keel pubescent, the hairs whitish,
ascending, about 0.5 mm. long; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, 15
to 16 mm. long, 2 to 3.5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate and more or less
apiculate, striate-nerved, glabrous; corolla up to 7 cm. long, minutely
papillose, red, the tube up to 5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad at base, 5 mm.

268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

broad at mouth, the upper lip oblong, ovate, erect, 23 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide at base, 2-lobed at apex, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 8 mm.
long, 8 mm. wide at base, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed,
the middle lobe oblong, about 25 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse and
apiculate, the lateral lobes oblong, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide,
subacute, adnate in part to the base of the upper lip; stamens barely
reaching tip of upper lip, the anthers slender, about 7 mm. long and
1 mm. broad, glabrous; ovary 3 mm. long, glabrous; style about 5.5
cm. long; capsules subclavate, 15 mm. Jong, 6 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick,
obtuse at tip and apiculate, glabrous, minutely and inconspicuously
punctate; retinacula linear, 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, subcucullate
at tip; seeds brown, flat, 4 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, gla-
brous, the margins thin.

Lindau, comparing A phelandra blandit with A. hartwegiana, states
that A. dlandii differs from that species by having acuminate bracts
and calyx lobes and pubescent bractlets. He suggests also a relation-
ship with A. glabrata, a species with a shorter calyx and a densely
pubescent rachis.

Araque & Barkley’s No. 19An.032 was collected in rich soil of a
previously wooded mountain area at 2,700 meters altitude.

ANTIOQUIA: East of Bolivar, Araque & Barkley 19An.032 (US). Jeric6, Daniel
& Tomds 2589 (GH, US).

78. Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 97

Suffrutex parvus, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, dense et
minute strigosis, pilis sursum appressis, sordidis, deorsum teretibus,
glabratis; lamina foliorum elliptica vel late oblanceolata, acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, integra vel un-
dulata, supra glabra (vel folia novella supra parce strigosa), subtus
minute et tenuiter strigosa, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto incon-
spicuis; petioli strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures, terminales, sub-
sessiles, rhache glabra; bracteae rubrae (vivae), rhombico-ovatae
subobtusae, mucronatae, glabrae vel apice pilos raros minutos feren-
tes, ciliatae, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus; areola elliptica
opaca brunnea alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae,
acuminatae, carina hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus; calycis segmenta stri-
ato-nervata, segmentum posterius oblongo-lanceolatum, acutum, dor-
so strigosum, anteriora et lateralia anguste oblonga, acuta vel acumi-
nata, glabra, apice ciliata; corolla rubra vel lutea, puberula, tubo
subeylindrico, leviter curvato, labio superiore erecto, elliptico, bilo-
bato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio
lanceolato, acuto, lobis Jateralibus parvis, triangularibus, acutis, cum
labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris apice api-
culatis, flocculoso-pilosis, basi apiculatis.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 269

Small shrubs; stems simple or sparingly branched, terete or sub-
quadrangular toward tip, densely and minutely strigose, the hairs
upwardly appressed, sordid, 0.5 mm. long or less, the lower portions
of the stems terete, glabrate, the lenticels corky, oval to linear, up to
2mm. long; leaf blades elliptic, oblong or broadly oblanceolate, up to
36 cm. long and 14.5 cm. wide, acuminate, gradually narrowed to
base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or undulate,
the upper surface drying to green or olive, glabrous or the younger
leaves sparingly strigose, the hairs 0.5 mm, long, the costa and Jateral
veins (14 to 20 pairs) flat or slightly raised, fairly conspicuous, the
lower surface drying to a somewhat lighter shade than the upper,
finely and minutely strigose, the hairs appressed or a few of them
spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, densest on costa and veins, these
raised and fairly conspicuous; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 3
cm. long, the pubescence that of the stems; spikes solitary or several,
terminal, up to 15 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the peduncles about 5
mm. long, strigose, the rachis glabrous; bracts bright red (living),
drying to brownish red, rhombic-ovate, 1.5 cm. long, 9 mm. wide, ob-
tusish, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs toward tip, minutely
and sparingly scurfy without, the costa prominent and excurrent,
ending in a minute mucro, the lateral nerves rather prominent, reticu-
lately anastomosing toward tip, the margins ciliolate, the hairs about
0.25 mm. long, the ocelli replaced by dull brown, alveolar, elliptic areas
up to 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 15 mm. long,
3 mm. wide, acuminate, the keel hirsute, the hairs ascending, up to
0.75 mm. long; calyx 18 mm. long, the posterior segment oblong-lan-
ceolate, 5 mm. wide, appressed hirsute dorsally, acute, the anterior
pair narrowly oblong, about 3 mm. wide, the lateral pair slightly
narrower than the anterior, both pairs glabrous, acute to acuminate,
ciliate at tip, all 5 segments delicately striate-nerved; corolla 5.5 to
6 cm. long, bright red (“Chinese-red,” Archer), or reddish yellow
(“rojas-amarillas,” von Snetdern), puberulous, the tube subcylindric,
slightly curved, 3.5 mm. broad at base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the
upper lip erect, elliptic, 16 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, the lobes triangular,
4mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, slenderly acute, the middle lobe of the
lower lip lanceolate, 18 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, acute, the lateral lobes
4mm. long, partly adnate to lower part of upper lip, the free portions
triangular, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, acute; stamens slightly
exserted, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base, apiculate
at both ends, webby-pilose at tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No, 1519101, collected at
La Concepcion, 15 kilometers east of Quibd6é, Department of Chocé,
Colombia, 75 meters altitude, April 30, 1931, by W. A. Archer
(No. 2012).

270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ANTIOQUIA: Villa Arteaga, 150 meters altitude, August 4-8, 1947, Hodge 7012
(US).

CatpAs: Santa Cecilia, 800 meters altitude, November 30, 1945, von Sneidern
5080 (US).

The affinity between Aphelandra lingua-bovis and A. garciae 1s
close. A. lingua-bovis differs, however, in its bright red or reddish
yellow, finely puberulous corollas and strictly glabrous rachis. In
A. garciae the rachis is finely pilose and corolla yellow and hirsute.

Ficure 97.—A phelandra lingua-bovis Leonard (Archer 2012): a, Inflorescence; 6, node and
leaf; c, bract; d, glandular area of bract; e, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of
the anterior segments; A, one of the lateral segments; 1, upper lip of corolla; 7, lower lip;
k, pubescence of corolla tube. (a, b, Half natural size; c, e-7, natural size; d, about twice
natural size; k, about 18 times natural size.)

According to Archer the species is fairly common between La Oveja
and Quibd6 and produces “Chinese red” spikes of bright red corollas.
The name lingua-bovis was suggested by its common name “lengua de
vaca” (Archer 2012). The allusion of the common name is obscure,
although it may possibly refer to a fancied similarity of the shape of
the leaf blades to that of a cow’s tongue.

74. Aphelandra fernandezii Leonard, sp. nov. F1curE 98

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense et minute stri-
gosis, pilis arcte adpressis; lamina foliorum elliptica vel late oblongo-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IT 271

lanceolata, acuminata (apice saepe curvata), basi, angustata, in petio-
lum decurrens, membranacea, integra vel leviter crenata, supra glabra,
minute alveolata, subtus parce hirtella, pilis ascendentibus vel subad-
pressis, praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis; petioli crass,
dense hirtelli; spicae terminales, solitariae, subsessiles, rhache glabra ;
bracteae rhombico-ovatae, imbricatae, subacutae, glabrae, prope api-
cem ciliatae, costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis prope
margines aliquanto crasse reticulatis, ocellis multis, minutis ; bracteolae
lineares, acuminatae, striatae, apice parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta
subaequalia, glabra vel apice parce ciliata, striata, segmentum pos-
terius oblongo-ellipticum, apice truncatum, emarginatum et apicula-
tum, anteriora lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, lateralia anguste lanceo-
lata, acuminata; corolla coccinea (?), puberula, labio superiore erecto,
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, labio inferiore lobata, lobo
medio patulo vel reflexo, anguste ovato, obtuso, lobis lateralibus par-
vis, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix
exserta, antheris basi acutis, apice subobtusis, dorso pilosis, filamentis
triquetris, glabris vel angulis basi asperulis; ovarium glabrum; cap-
sulae ignotae.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, at least the upper
portions densely and minutely gray strigose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, closely appressed ; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or broadly oblong-
lanceolate, up to 82 cm. long and 10.6 cm. wide at or slightly above
middle, acuminate (the tip often curved), narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, membranaceous, entire or shallowly crenate,
drying olive-green, the lower surface a lighter and a deeper greenish
shade than the upper, the upper surface glabrous, minutely alveolate
under a lens, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs about
275 » long, ascending or subappressed and confined chiefly to costa
and lateral veins (9 to 11 pairs), these prominent on both surfaces;
petioles stout, 2 cm. long, densely gray-hirtellous, the hairs similar
to those of the stems; spikes terminal, solitary, subsessile, 9 cm. long,
3.5 cm. broad (measured from tips of bracts), the rachis angled, gla-
brous; bracts rather closely imbricate, rhombic-ovate, up to 26 mm.
long and 16 mm. wide (the lowermost sterile ones much smaller), sub-
ucute, glabrous, ciliate near tip, the costa and adjacent nerves prom-
inent, the veinlets obscurely and rather coarsely reticulate toward
margins, the glandular spots about 3.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the
ocelli 50 » in diameter, very numerous; bractlets linear, 13 mm. long,
2.95 mm. wide, acuminate, striate, sparingly hirtellous dorsally but
more so at tip, the hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx segments
subequal, 23.5 mm. long, glabrous or ciliate at tip, coriaceous, striate,
the posterior segment narrowly oblong-elliptic, 5 mm. wide, truncate,
emarginate and apiculate at tip, the anterior segments linear-lanceo-

228609—53——11

272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

late, 3 mm. wide, acuminate, the lateral segments narrowly lanceolate,
2.5 mm. wide, acuminate; corolla about 6 cm. long, puberulous, the
hairs 125 » long, the tube 6 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip ovate, 23
mm. long, about 12 mm. wide, bilobate at tip, the lobes triangular, 5
mim. long and 8 mm. wide at base, acute, the lower lip spreading or
reflexed, the middle lobe narrowly ovate, about 23 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide near base, obtuse, the lateral lobes narrowly oval, 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip, adnate in part to the upper lip, their free portions 1.5
mm. long; stamens reaching notch of upper lip, the anthers 1 cm. long,

Figure 98.—Aphelandra fernandemi Leonard (Ferndndex 254): a, Tip of plant; 5, tip of
leaf blade (upper surface); ¢, bract; d, one of the alveolar spots on bract (composed of
numerous minute ocelli); ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior
segments; h, one of the lateral segments; 1, pubescence of corolla. (a, 6, Half natural SiZe;
¢, f-h, natural size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, twice natural size; i, 15 times natural size.)

acuminate at base, subobtuse at tip, dorsally pilosulous, the filaments
triquetrous, glabrous or the angles toward base minutely roughened ;
ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1997512, collected in
woods at Ensenada de Utria, Department of Chocd, Colombia, June
5, 1950, by A. Fernandez (No. 254).

Aphelandra fernandezii is a well-marked species characterized by
its large, red, rhombic-ovate bracts and narrow calyx segments. As
indicated by the nature of the corolla lobes, it is one of the pulcher-
rima-tetragona group.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 273

75. Aphelandra chaponensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 99

Suffrutex, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, minute strigosis,
pilis arcte et sursum appressis, sordidis; lamina foliorum oblong-el-
liptica vel late oblanceolata, acutae vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso
subobtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, submembranacea,
integra vel undulata, supra parce et minute strigosa, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, subtus aliquanto parce et minute strigosa ;
spicae 1 vel plures, terminales vel subterminales, pedunculo aliquanto
brevi, minute strigoso, rhache glabra vel parce pubescente; bracteae
rhombico-ovatae, subobtusae vel subacutae, intus nitidae, extus opacae,
glabrae (infima parce strigosa), marginibus subhyalinis, ciliolatis,
costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus; areola elliptica, opaca, punc-
tata pro ocellis substituta ; bracteolae lanceolatae, subfalcatae, obliquae,
striato-nervatae, carinatae, carina hirtella, pilis ascendentibus, sor-
didis, marginibus glabris et subhyalinis; calycis segmenta obtusa, plus
minusve apiculata, striato-nervata, sursum hirtella et ciliolata, deor-
sum glabra, segmentum posterius ovatum, anteriora oblongo-lanceo-
lata, lateralia aliquanto anguste lanceolata; corolla rubra, papillosa,
tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore ovato, bilobato, lobis anguste tri-
angularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio ovato,
acuto, sursum apice carinato, lobis lateralibus ellipticis, rotundatis,
cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 3 meters high or more; stems (upper
portions) subquadrangular, minutely strigose, the hairs closely and
upwardly appressed, sordid, about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, 25 to 30 cm. long, up to 12.5 mm. wide,
acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, submembranaceous, entire or undulate, the
upper surface drying olive-green, sparingly and minutely strigose, the
hairs less than 0.25 mm. long, closely appressed and confined chiefly to
costa and lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs), both costa and veins flat or
slightly raised, inconspicuous, the lower surface drying a dull brown-
ish green, the pubescence that of the upper surface but denser and more
evenly distributed, the costa and veins slightly raised, more conspicu-
ous than above; petioles up to 5 cm. long, the pubescence that of the
costa; spikes 1 to several, terminal and subterminal, up to 12 cm. long
and 10 to 15 mm. broad, the peduncles up to 12 mm. long and 4 mm.
thick, the pubescence that of the stem, the rachis glabrous or bearing
a few slender hairs 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long; bracts rhombic-ovate, 12 mm.
long, 10 mm. wide, subobtuse to subacute, nitid within, dull, glabrous
and minutely roughened without (the lowermost sparingly strigose),
the margins subhyaline and ciliolate, the costa prominent to tip of
bract but scarcely excurrent, the lateral nerves prominent except

274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

toward tip, the ocelli replaced by dull pitted areas up to 1.5 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, 11 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide,
subfalcate and oblique, striate-nerved, carinate, the keel hirtellous, the
hairs ascending, sordid, about 0.5 mm. long, gradually diminishing in
length and number to the glabrous subhyaline margins, the inner sur-
face silky-hirtellous toward tip, glabrous toward base; calyx up to 12
mm. long, the posterior segment ovate, 6 mm. wide, the anterior pair

‘ani

Ficure 99.—A phelandra chaponensis Leonard (Lawrance 18): a, Tip of plant; , tip of leaf
blade (lower surface); c, basal portion of leaf blade (lower surface); d, bract; ¢, glandular
area of bract; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of the anterior segments; i, one
of the lateral segments; 7, tip of corolla; k, pubescence of corolla tube (most of the hairs
broken). (a, b, c, Half natural size; d, f-j, natural size; ¢, twice natural size; k, about 20
times natural size.)

oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide, the lateral pair more narrowly
lanceolate, 3 mm. wide, all obtuse, more or less apiculate, finely striate-
nerved, minutely hirsute and ciliolate toward tip, glabrous toward
base; corolla 4 cm. long, red, papillose-puberulous, the upper lip erect,
ovate, 1 cm. long, 7.5 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes narrowly
triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the middle
lobe of the lower lip ovate, 11 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate,
carinate toward tip, the lateral lobes elliptic, 4 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide, adnate in part to the upper lip of corolla, the free portions about

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 275

1.5 mm. long and broad, rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip, the anthers 7 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, the basal lobes
obtuse; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1572308, collected in
dense forest in the region of Mount Chapén, Department of Boyaca,
Colombia, “3,500 ft.” altitude, May 8, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No.
18). Mautis’ No. 1509 is also this species.

Aphelandra chaponensis is characterized by relatively small corollas,
their lips much shorter and relatively broader than is usual in other
species of the A. pulcherrima-tetragona complex. The leaf blades of
this new species and those of A. lingua-bovis are very similar. The
latter species, however, has a calyx more than twice as large, the seg-
ments of which are noticeably acute rather than obtuse.

76. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 100

Herba magna, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, strigosis, pilis
sursum appressis; lamina foliorum oblanceolata, apice acuta vel acu-
minata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel subglabra, costa aliquando parce et minute strigosa,
subtus aliquanto dense strigosa, pilis brunnescentibus; petioli
breves, aliquanto dense strigosi; spicae solitariae, terminales, parvae,
subsessiles, rhache glabra vel prope insertionem bractearum pilosa,
pilis brunnescentibus; bracteae ovatae, apice rotundatae, intus glabrae,
extus strigosae (praecipue in area mediana) ; bracteae infimae ubique
strigosae, marginibus ciliatis, pilis patulis; areola elliptica, opaca,
brunnescens, alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae anguste et
oblique lanceolatac, acuminatae, carinatae, carina apice dense hirsuta,
pilis brunnescentibus, ascendentibus, marginibus tenuibus, glabris, sub-
tiliter striatis; calycis segmenta subtiliter striata, apice parce pilosa,
deorsum glabra, segmentum posterius ovatum, acutum, anteriora
lanceolata, acuta, lateralia anguste lanceolata, tenuiter acuminata ; co-
rolla coccinea, minute papillosa, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, apice bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acuminatis, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobo medio patulo, anguste ovato, acuminato, lobis
lateralibus triangularibus, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi
connatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris parvis (4 mm. longis), basi
rotundatis, apiculatis; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs, about 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, strigose, the
hairs upwardly appressed, brownish, 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades ob-
lanceolate to broadly oblanceolate or obovate, up to 23 cm. long and 10
cm. wide, acute to acuminate at apex (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at, base and decurrent on the petiole, drying olive brown, the margins
entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, the costa
sometimes bearing a few small appressed hairs, the lower surface rather

°276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

densely pilose, the hairs brownish, appressed to ascending, about 0.5
mm. long; petioles about 1 cm. long, rather densely strigose, the hairs
resembling those of the stem; spikes solitary, terminal, 3.5 to 10 cm.
long, the peduncle 4 mm. long, densely strigose, the rachis glabrous
or densely brownish pilose at and near insertion of the bracts, these
ovate, 7 to 9mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded at tip, glabrous within,
densely brownish strigose without, the hairs borne medially for the
most part (except the lowermost, these evenly disposed on the outer
surface), the margins ciliate, the hairs 0.25 mm. long, spreading, the
ocelli replaced by elliptic, dark brown, alveolate areas up to 1.25 mm.

Ficure 100.—Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard (Killip 5676): a, Tip of plant; b, bract;
¢, glandular area of bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior
segments; g, one of the lateral segments; A, upper lip of corolla; i, lower lip of corolla;
j, pubescence of outer surface of lower lip of corolla; k, anther. (a, Half natural size;
b, d-g, twice natural size; c, 4 times natural size; h, i, slightly over natural size; 7, about 22
times natural size; k, 2% times natural size.)

long and 0.75 mm. wide; bractlets narrowly and obliquely lanceolate,
7 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip, carinate, the tip of keel densely hirsute, the hairs brownish, as-
cending, 0.5 mm. long, the margins thin, glabrous and delicately striate ;
posterior segment of the calyx ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acute,
the anterior lobes lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute, the lateral
lobes narrowly lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, slenderly
acute, all of the segments finely striate, glabrous except at tips, here
sparingly pilose, the hairs 0.5 mm. long; corolla 5.5 cm. long, bright
red, minutely papillose, 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above
base to 2 mm., thence enlarged to about 8 mm. at throat, the upper lip

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 277

erect, ovate, about 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, bilobate at tip, the lobes
triangular and slenderly acuminate, about 3 mm. long, the middle
lobe of the lower lip narrowly ovate, about 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide near
middle, slenderly acuminate at tip, the lateral lobes adhering to the
lower part of the upper lip, their free portions triangular, 1.5 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide at base, rounded at tip; stamens about 5 cm. long,
the filaments glabrous toward tip, retrorsely pilose toward base, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the anthers 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide,
rounded and minutely apiculate at base; ovary glabrous; style about
as long as the stamens (7) ; capsule not seen.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in wooded ravine at La
Cumbre, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 to 1,800 meters
altitude, May 14-19, 1922, by E. P. Killip (No. 5676).

Cauca: Aganche, Lehmann B. T. 1165 (K, NY).

Tormma: La Trinidad, Libano, Pennell 3320 (NY). Quindfo, Triana s, n. (Col).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Triana s.n. (NY).

Aphelandra pharangophila is probably related to A. taborensis
Leonard, agreeing rather closely in general appearance, in the size,
shape, and pubescence of the leaf blades and in the color, texture and
size of the corollas. The spikes of A. taborensis are, however, much
more robust, the bracts being fully 10 mm. long and 7.5 mm. wide and
their entire outer surface is densely and softly pubescent. The specific
name is from the Greek ¢apayé, ravine, and ¢:A éw, to love.

77. Aphelandra arborescens Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 101

Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, dense
pilosis, pilis brunnescentibus, sursum appressis vel ascendentibus, deor-
sum glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata, basi an-
gustata, in petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, undulata vel integra,
supra glabra vel costa et venis lateralibus plus minusve strigosa, subtus
tenuiter pubescens, pilis parvis patulis vel ascendentibus, costa et venis
prominentibus; petioli strigosi ; spicae 1 vel plures, terminales, breviter
pedunculatae, pedunculis et rhache pubescentibus, pilis appressis vel
ascendentibus vel patulis, brunneis; bracteae coccineae, rhombicae,
obtusae vel subacutae, dorso strigosae, marginibus ciliatis, glabris;
areola opaca alveolata pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae lanceolatae,
acuminatae, carinatae, dorso dense pubescentes, marginibus tenuibus,
glabris; calycis segmenta subacuta, striato-nervata, sursum puberula;
corolla coccinea, papillosa, tubo aliquanto angustato, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo, bilobato, lobis triangularibus, acutis, apice curvatis,
labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio oblongo, apice obtuso, lobis lat-
eralibus parvis, apice rotundatis, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis glabris, antheris dorso parce pilosis;
ovarium glabrum.

278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Shrubs or small trees up to 5 meters high; stems glabrate below, the
tips densely pilose, the hairs brownish, barely 0.5 mm. long, upwardly
appressed or ascending; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 25 cm. long
and 8.5 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed from about middle to base and
decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, undulate or entire, the upper

Ficure 101.—Aphelandra arborescens Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15400): a, Tip of stem showing
leaves and inflorescence; b, basal portion of leaf blade (lower surface); c, bract; d, glandular
area of bract; ¢, bractlet; f, posterior calyx segment; g, one of the anterior segments; h, one
of the lateral segments; i, upper lip of the corolla; j, lower lip; k, pubescence of corolla tube
(most of the hairs broken); J, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; c, ¢-h, twice natural size;
d, 4 times natural size; i, 7, natural size; k, about 25 times natural size; /, about 3 times
natural size.)

surface drying dull green, glabrous or the costa and veins (13 to 15
pairs) more or less strigose, obscure, the lower surface drying yellow-
ish, finely pubescent, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, yellowish, spread-
ing or ascending, the costa and veins prominent; petioles (unwinged
portion) 5 to 20 mm. long, strigose; spikes 1 to several, short-peduncu-
late, 6 to 9 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, the peduncles 5 to 20 mm. long,
the pubescence that of the branchlets, the rachis rather sparingly pu-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 279

bescent, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, more or less spreading, brown-
ish; bracts carmine, rhombic, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide about the middle,
glabrous except medially, here finely and thinly strigose, the margins
ciliolate; ocelli replaced by an opaque, alveolar, brown, elliptic, more or
less irregular area about 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 to 1 mm. wide; bract-
lets lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide near base, acuminate, cari-
nate, densely pubescent dorsally, the hairs ascending, about 0.5 mm.
long, the margins thin, glabrous; calyx 9 mm. long, the posterior seg-
ment oblong, 4mm. wide, the anterior segments lanceolate, 2 mm. wide,
the lateral pair narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, all acutish, striate,
puberulous toward tip, otherwise glabrous; corolla carmine, minutely
papillose or bearing distally numerous microscopic spinelike hairs,
the tube 5.3 em. long, 3.5 mm. broad near base, constricted to 2.5 mm.
at tip of ovary, thence gradually enlarged to about 7 mm. at mouth, the
lips erect or slightly spreading, the upper lip oblong, 15 mm. long,
about 5 mm. wide, bilobed, the lobes triangular, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide at base, acute, the tips outwardly curved, the middle lobe of the
lower lip oblong, 15 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lateral
lobes triangular, 5 mm. long, the upper margin partly adhering to the
upper lip, rounded at tip; stamens reaching the notch of the upper lip,
the filaments glabrous, the anthers barely 5 mm. long, sparingly pilose
dorsally, loosely adhering at tip; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852612, collected in
woods at La Laguna, on the left bank of the Rio Sanguinini, Depart-
ment of El] Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters altitude, December
10-20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15400).

CaLpas: Thicket along stream east of Belén, 1,500 to 1,700 meters altitude,
September 15, 1922, Pennell 10624 (GH).

Ex, VALLE: Rio Cauca, August 10, 1930, Dryander 681 (US). Junction of the
Pichindecito and Pichindé rivers, 1,580 to 1,650 meters altitude, November 7,
1944, Cuatreecasas 18751 (Ch).

Distinguishing marks of Aphelandra arborescens are the brownish,
more or less spreading hairs of the rachis, the finely strigose dorsal
region of the bracts, the almost softly pubescent undersurface of the
leaf blades, the hairs spreading or ascending, and the dull, irregular,
alveolar areas replacing ocelli.

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

Aphelandra flava Nees
Aphelandra flava Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Type collected at Alto de
Limba, Colombia, by Goudot and deposited in the Hooker Herbarium, Kew.
Fruticose; stems loosely pilose toward tip; leaf blades oblong, up to
23 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, sharply acuminate, acute at base and
long-decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface sparingly pubescent,
the lower densely and softly so; petioles 5 to 7.5 cm. long; spikes ob-

280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, terminal, up to 7.5 cm. long, short-pedunculate; bracts oblong-
ovate, 33 mm. long, acuminate, drying pale, striate-nerved, softly
viscid-pubescent; bractlets plumose-ciliate, narrow; calyx segments
subulate-acuminate, shorter than the bracts, plumose-ciliate at tip;
corolla yellow, ringent, up to 33 mm. long, finely pubescent, the upper
lip acuminate, the middle lobe of the lower lip oblong, obtuse, the
lateral lobes much shorter, lanceolate, free.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

Aphelandra flava resembles in many aspects A. aristet but differs
in the viscid pubescence of the bracts.

Aphelandra melgariensis Nees

Aphelandra melgariensis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847. Type collected
in Colombia by Humboldt. The type sheet, in the Willdenow Herbarium,
No. 320, bore the determination “Justicia melgariensis.”

Shrubby ; leaf blades oblong-oval, attenuate at both ends, glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these minutely hirsute; spikes ter-
minal, short-peduncled, lax; bracts herbaceous, oblong, obtuse, entire,
velny, rough-pubescent; corolla pubescent.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

Nees compares this species with A. schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. of
Mexico and suggests that it may be merely a young stage of that
species. It can be separated by its bracts which are only about half
as long, are herbaceous instead of membranaceous, and which have
more prominent nerves, some simple and some 2- or 8-forked. The
bractlets of Humboldt’s plant are described as linear, pubescent-
ciliate and equal to the calyx in length, thus differing but slightly from
those of the Mexican collections of A. schiedeana in the U. S. National
Herbarium.

18. ENCEPHALOSPHAERA Lindau

HEncephalosphaera Lindau, Bull, Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 322, 1904. The genus
Encephalosphaera is a segregate of Aphelandra established on the basis of
its spherical pollen grains and the presence of a staminode. Its name is
derived from the Greek words, & with xefady, head, and o¢atpa, sphere, and
alludes to the globose pollen grains. Type species: 2. vitellina Lindau.

Shrubs with the general appearance of Aphelandra; stamens 4;

staminode 1, lobulate; anthers 1-celled, cohering at their tips by vil-

lous hairs; pollen globose, verrucose, the roughening serpentine-cere-

briform, the fissures forming 6 tetragons; stigma shortly 2-lobed.
In contrast to the spherical roughened pollen grains of Encephalos-
phaera, the surface of each divided into 6 tetragonal sectors, those of

A phelandra are strictly of the “spaltenpollen” type, i. e., usually ellip-

soidal with three clefts, a pitted extine, and sometimes with a pore in

each of the clefts.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 281

In addition to £. vitellina, F. lasiandra Mildbr., a Brazilian species,
has been described (Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 68. 1930).

1. Encephalosphaera vitellina Lindau Ficure 102

Encephalosphaera vitellina Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 323, 1904. Type
collected in damp, rocky woods at Agua Clara, Popaydn, Cauca, Colombia,
1,000 to 1,200 meters altitude, by Lehmann (No. 9048) and deposited in the
Berlin Herbarium. Isotype in New York Botanical Garden. Photograph of
type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 8722.

A sparingly branched shrub up to 1.3 meters high; branches essen-
tially glabrous, up to 1 cm. in diameter; leaf blades ovate, 14 cm. long,
about 8 cm. wide, long and subobliquely acuminate at apex, abruptly
narrowed at the base and decurrent on the petiole, more or less car-

Figure 102.—Encephalosphaera vitellina Lindau (Lehmann 9048): a, Tip of plant; 6, bract;
c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the lateral
segments; g, pubescence of corolla; A-j, diagrammatic drawings of pollen grains (copied
from Lindau’s sketches on the type sheet). (a, Half natural size; b-f, h-7, natural size; g,
about 28 times natural size.)

nose, glabrous, the lateral nerves numerous, parallel, arcuate; petioles
2 to 4 cm. long, glabrous; spikes terminal, subsessile, a little shorter
than the leaves, the rachis pubescent; bracts imbricate, ovate, 20 mm.
long, about 11 mm. wide, acuminate, minutely pubescent, the margins
bearing 7 to 8 minute teeth; bractlets linear, 8 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, minutely puberulous; calyx lobes subequal, 11 mm. long and 2
mm. wide, minutely puberulous especially toward the tip, the posterior
segment bidentate at tip; corolla yellowish orange, puberulous, the
tube 35 mm. long, 5 mm. broad at base, 7 mm. broad at mouth, the
upper lip erect, 16 mm. long, 9 mm. wide at middle, acute at apex,

282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, the middle lobe 20 mm. long
and 10 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 16 mm. long and 7 mm. wide; fila-
ments inserted above the base of the corolla tube, 40 mm. long, curved
and pilose at base; anthers 5 mm. long, cohering at tip by villous hairs;
pollen grains globose, 55 to 58 » in diameter; staminode membranous,
lobulate, minute; styles 45 mm. long, sparingly pilose, stigmas 2-
parted; capsule not seen.

The name vitellina, yellowish orange, alludes to the color of the
corolla.

19. CYPHACANTHUS Leonard, gen. nov.

Frutex; folia magna, opposita, oblongo-obovata, leviter dentata ;
panicula terminalis; spicae angustae, 6 vel plures; bracteae parvae,
ovatae, acutae; bracteolae ovatae, rotundatae, mucronatae, bracteas
aequantes; calycis segmenta 3, obtusa, bracteis duplo longiora; corolla
anguste hypocrateriformis, Jabiis aequalibus, labio superiore cucullato,
labio inferiore gibboso, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina 4,
inclusa, antheris unilocularibus; pollinis granulae oblongae, glabrae.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular; leaves large, opposite, oblong-
obovate, shallowly dentate, submembranaceous, the venation promi-
nent, the lateral veins numerous; cystoliths none; petioles stout ; pani-
cles terminal, solitary, composed of 6 or more compact, narrow spikes ;
bracts small, ovate, acute, coriaceous; bractlets equaling the bracts in
length, rounded, mucronulate, subcoriaceous, their margins thin and
subhyaline; calyx composed of 3 deeply cut segments, these about twice
as long as the bracts and bractlets, the posterior segment obtuse or
rounded and bilobed at tip, the anterior pair acute; corolla hypocra-
teriform, the lips subequal, the upper lip arched and cucullate,
rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, gibbous, the lobes suborbicular; sta-
mens 4, their filaments densely pilose, decurrent on the dorsal portion
of the corolla tube, the anthers enclosed by the arched upper lip of
the corolla, 1-celled, adnate at tip by webby hairs; pollen grains nar-
rowly oblong, smooth.

The 8-parted calyx and gibbous lower lip of the corolla define the
genus Cyphacanthus very clearly. These characters are unique, not
only in the tribe Aphelandreae but in the family Acanthaceae as well.
On the other hand, the 4 stamens with their slender unilocular anthers,
the hypocrateriform 2-lipped corollas and the lack of cystoliths are
characters by which this new genus can be associated with the other
genera of Aphelandreae. It is closest of all to the genus A phelandra.
The slender, smooth, oblong pollen grains are also remarkable if com-
pared with the variously etched grains of the other genera of the
family.

The generic name is derived from the Greek words xi¢os, hump,
and Acanthus, the name of the type-genus of the family.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 283

1. Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard, sp. nov. Fieure 103

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, hirtellis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-obovata, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, membranacea, leviter dentata, supra glabra vel parce pilosa,
costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus aliquanto pilosis, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli
crassi, glabri vel minute et parse strigosi; panicula terminalis, pedun-
culis et rhachibus dense brunneo-hirtellis, pilis patulis; spicae
angustae, floribus inferioribus deciduis; bracteae ovatae, acutae,
mucronulatae, puberulae, apice glanduloso-hirtellae, costa prominente ;
braceteolae bracteas aequantes, ovatae, apice rotundatae et mucro-
nulatae, glanduloso-hirtellae; calycis segmenta oblongo-ovata, obtusa,
glanduloso-hirtella, striata, marginibus subhyalinis; corolla purpurea,
sursum glanduloso-hirtella, tubo hypocrateriformi, leviter curvato,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore obovato, erecto, apice truncato,
cucullato, labio inferiore gibboso, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus;
stamina inclusa, filamentis dense pilosis; ovarium glabrum; capsulae
ignotae.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular (the angles
rounded), hirtellous, the hairs 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long, spreading, brown-
ish; leaf blades oblong-obovate, up to 47 cm. long and 15 cm. wide,
short-acuminate (the tips blunt), gradually narrowed from approxi-
mately 15 cm. below tip to the base and decurrent on the petiole, sub-
membranaceous, shallowly dentate (the teeth broad, obtuse, about 2
mm. high), the upper surface glabrous or sparingly pilose, the hairs up
to 1.5 mm. long, ascending, the costa and lateral veins (about 80 pairs)
rather obscure, the lower surface moderately pilose, the hairs up to 1
mm. long, ascending, more numerous on the costa and lateral veins
than elsewhere, the costa and veins prominent, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate, a veinlet ending at the tip of each tooth; petioles up to 5 cm.
long (?%),stout, 3 mm. in diameter, glabrous or minutely and sparingly
strigose; panicles terminal, once- or twice-branched, the peduncles 1 to
2 cm. long, these and the rachises (5 to 7 cm. long) densely brown-
hirtellous, the hairs spreading, about 0.5 mm. long, the spikes compact,
the lowermost flowers soon deciduous, leaving prominent raised scars ;
bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence triangular-ovate,
about 7 mm. long and 4 mm. wide near base, acute, carinate, sparingly
puberulous; flower bracts ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acute,
mucronulate (the mucro 0.25 mm. long), puberulous, bearing also to-
ward tip a number of stouter glandular hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,
the costa prominent, the margins subhyaline; bractlets ovate, 7 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, rounded and mucronulate at tip, in other respects
similar to the bracts; calyx segments oblong-ovate, 138 mm. long,
5 mm. wide, obtuse, hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascending,
some of them glandular, the lower portion of the segments glabrous,

I84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the margins subhyaline; corollas purple, about 5 cm. long, mod-
erately hirtellous except the basal glabrous portion, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or slightly retrorse, many of them
glandular, the tube curved, 4 mm. broad at base, 2 mm. broad at 5 mm.
above base, 7 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, about 9 mm.
long, the upper lip obovate, arched, about 8 mm. wide, cucullate,
truncate, the lower lip somewhat spreading, gibbous, 3-lobed, the lobes
suborbicular, about 8 mm. broad, the medial area within minutely
tomentose, the margins glabrous; stamens decurrent on the dorsal
portion of the corolla tube becoming free at about 5 mm. below the

Ficure 103.—Cyphacanthus atopus Leonard (Lawrance 502): a, Tip of panicle; b, tip of leaf
blade; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, posterior calyx segment; f, one of the anterior segments;
g, marginal pubescence near tip of anterior segment; h, anther; #, pollen grain; j, lower lip
of corolla. (a, b, Half natural size; c-f, twice natural size; g, 15 times natural size; h, about
3 times natural size; 1, 66 times natural size; j, 114 times natural size.)

base of the corolla lips, the anthers oblong, 5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide,
webby-pilose at tip, otherwise glabrous, enclosed by the curved upper
lip of the corolla, the filaments densely pilose dorsally, the hairs 0.5
mm. long; pollen grains slenderly oblong, smooth, about 82 p long
and 43 » in diameter; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, col-
lected on streamside in high, thick forest at El Umbo, region of
Mount Chapén, Department of Boyacé, Colombia, “2,500 feet” alti-
tude, October 1, 1932, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 502).

The specific epithet is from the Greek &roros, meaning strange or
marvelous.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 280
Tribe 7. RHOMBOCHLAMYDEAE

Rhombochlamydeae Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 306. 1897.
The tribe contains a single genus, Rhombochlamys.

Herbs; flowers borne in terminal spikes, the bracts rhomboid; calyx
segments 5; corollas hypocrateriform, the limb 2-lipped; stamens 4,
anthers 1-celled ; “daubenpollen.”

Because of a resemblance of the pollen grains, Lindau associated
his Rhombochlamydeae with the Old World tribe Andrographideae.
But since in all other respects the two species he describes under
Rhombochlamys are typical of Aphelandra, e. g., in such characters as
the large rhombic bracts, and 4 stamens with slender, unilocular an-
thers, the creation of a new tribe was necessary.

20. RHOMBOCHLAMYS Lindau

Rhombochlamys Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 659. 1897. The name is derived
from the Greek séufos, top, and xAapls, mantle, i. e., a top-shaped mantie,
alluding to the rhombic bracts. Type species: Rhombochlamys rosulata
Lindau.

Flowers borne in spikes; bracts rhomboid, the margins dentate;
bractlets lanceolate, obtuse; calyx segments 5, equal; corolla tube
subcylindric, slightly and gradually enlarged at mouth, the upper lip
2-lobed, the lower 8-lobed; stamens 4, the anthers unilocular.

Description compiled from the original.

In addition to the type species, Lindau describes 7. elata, also from
Colombia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Plants almost stemless; bracts 9 mm. long and 5 mm. wide,

acuminate, glandular-pubescent___________-__---__------------ R. rosulata
Plants up to 50 em. tall; bracts 13 mm, long and 8 mm. wide,

obtuse, glabrous________-------------------------------------- Rk. elata
1. Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau Figure 104

Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 660. 1897. Type col-
lected in damp sandy place on the Rio Plata near Tolima, 1,300 meters
altitude, December 23, 1882, by Lehmann (No. 2197). Photograph of the
type material from the Berlin Herbarium in the U. 8. National Herbarium,
No. 8724. The Berlin specimen is poorly developed, consisting of a short
portion of stem, 3 leaves and 2 spikes, one detached from plant. Rosulata,
rosulate, i. e., forming a rosette, in allusion to the arrangement of the leaves.

Herbs, scapes very short; leaf blades dull green, 5 to 7 cm. long,

2 to 3 cm. wide, oval, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at apex,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, pubescent; petioles 7 to
15 mm. long; inflorescence a pubescent, long-pedunculate spike ; bracts
rhombic, acuminate at tip, narrowed at base, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide,
glandular-pubescent, the margins bearing 2 pairs of minute teeth

286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

toward tip, the nerves 6, parallel; bractlets lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 2
mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the margins ciliate; flowers pale lilac; calyx
segments lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, puberulous; corolla tube
12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 83 mm. broad at throat, the upper
lip bidentate, the teeth obtuse, 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the lower
lip 6 mm. long, the lateral lobes 4 mm. long and wide, the middle lobe
4 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, sinuate at apex; filaments 6 mm. long,
affixed to middle of corolla tube, the anthers 2 mm. long, the tips

Ficure 104.—Rhombochlamys rosulata Lindau (Photograph of Lehmann 2197): a, Plant;
b, bract. (a, Natural size; b, twice natural size.)

barbate; pollen grains ellipsoidal, 46 long and 36 to 38 broad;
ovary 1 mm. long; style 11 mm. long, the stigma subcapitate; capsules
glabrous, 6 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, 8-seeded, very short-stipitate.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

Rhombochlamys rosulata and the following species, R. elata,
strongly suggest the genus Lagochilium Nees (considered in this paper
as a synonym of Aphelandra), which consists chiefly of small her-
baceous or suffrutescent plants midway between Stenandrium and
|Aphelandra. Like Encephalosphaera, Rhombochlamys is based
chiefly on pollen characters.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 287

2. Rhombochlamys elata Lindau

Rhombochlamys elata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 661. 1897. Type collected
in dense woods at Palmira, above La Vitrera, El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 to
2,000 meters altitude, June 17, 1883, by Lehmann (No. 2891). Photograph
of Berlin Herbarium material in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 8723.
The name elata means lofty, probably referring to the height of the plant
in comparison to that of R. rosulata.

Herb; stems up to 50 cm. high, terete, rarely branched, pubescent;
leaf blades olive-green, oval, up to 12 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide but
usually somewhat smaller, narrowed at both ends, the costa pilose;
petioles 12 to 20 mm. long. pubescent; spikes terminal or subterminal,
one third the length of the leaves, the peduncle 1 cm. long, pubescent ;
bracts glabrous, imbricate, subrhombic, 18 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, ob-
tuse, the margins bearing 5 acute teeth, the nerves 3, parallel; bractlets
lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, ciliolate; flowers yellow; calyx
segments lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, ciliolate; tube of
the corolla 12 mm. long, 2 mm. in diameter at base, enlarged to 5 mm.
at mouth, the upper lip 6 mm. long, 2-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm. long and
wide, obtuse, the lower lip 8 mm. long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 6 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 5 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, all
obtuse and subsinuate at tip; filaments 8 mm. long; anthers 2 mm.
long, agglutinated at tip, barbate; ovary 2 mm. long; style 12 mm.
long; capsules not seen.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

Tribe 8. ASYSTASIEAE

Asystasieae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47. 1893. Of the nine genera listed
in Dalla Torre & Harms’ Genera Siphonogamarum, Asystasia alone is repre-
sented in Colombia.

Herbs or shrubs; inflorescence spicate, racemose or rarely panicled ;
bracts and bractlets mostly small; calyx usually 5-parted; corolla
distinctly or only slightly 2-lipped; stamens 4; staminodes 1 or none;
anthers usually 2-celled; stigma capitate or rarely lobed; capsules
slenderly stipitate; seeds 2 or 4.

21. ASYSTASIA

Asystasia Blume Bijdr. 796. 1826. Type species: A. intrusa Blume (Java).

Herbs or shrubs; leaves entire; flowers borne in spikes or racemes,
these lax or dense, simple or branched, unilateral ; pedicels short ; bracts
and bractlets small, narrowly triangular to linear; flowers usually
solitary, opposite or alternate, white, blue, purple, rose or yellow;
sepals linear or narrowly oblong; corolla tube short to long, funnel-
form, ventricose or narrow, the 5 lobes subequal; stamens 4, perfect,
subequal, didynamous; anthers oblong, the cells parallel, approximate,
minutely spurred or muticous at base; ovary 4-ovulate, pubescent ;

228609—53——12

288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

stigma minutely 2-parted or subcapitate; capsule elliptic, 2- or 4-
seeded above, the base contracted and solid; seed compressed, orbicular
or irregularly angular, rugose or tubercular, glabrous.

Approximately 70 species have been described in the genus, these
chiefly from tropical Africa, Asia, and the East Indies. The generic
name is probably from the Greek word acicraros (not holding to-
gether), in allusion to the widely spreading valves of the dehisced
capsules.

1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anders. Figure 105

Justicia gangetica L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 299. 1759. Type locality: India. The
name gangetica alludes to the type locality, the Ganges River.

Asystasia coromandeliana Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 89. 1832. Type locality :
India. The specific name again alludes to the type locality, Coromandel.

Asystasia gangetica T. Anders, in Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 235. 1859-64.
Based on Justicia gangetica L.

Ficure 105.—Asystasia gangetica (L.) 'T. Anders. (a, Hasnali 7926, Trinidad; b, c, f,
Hitchcock 16536, British Guiana; d, e, Rusby & Squires 38, Venezuela): a, Tip of branch;
b, node of inflorescence to show bracts; c, pubescence of inflorescence; d, anther; ¢, pistil;
f, fruit. (a, Half natural size; b, ¢, 3 times natural size; c, about 26 times natural size;
d, about 4 times natural size; f, natural size.)

Erect or ascending shrubs sometimes climbing or trailing; stems
subquadrangular, branching, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the
hairs downwardly curved, about 0.25 mm. long; leaves ovate, up to
9 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acute to rather abruptly acuminate, obtuse,
rounded or subcordate at base and decurrent on the petiole, sparingly

pubescent, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (4 or

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 289

5 pairs) ; petioles up to 3 cm. long, pubescent, the hairs spreading or
curved, about 0.25 mm. long; spikes terminating the branches, up to
20 em. long, the peduncles up to 5.5 em. long, these and the rachis
sparingly and minutely pubescent, the flowers more or less secund,
the spikes subtended by a pair of short-petioled (3 to 5 mm. long)
leaves slightly smaller than the average stem leaves; bracts and
bractlets similar, triangular, acuminate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, 0.75 to
1 mm. wide at base, ciliate, the hairs 0.5 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm.
long, the segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 8 mm. long
and 0.75 to 1 mm. wide at base, rather sparingly hirsute, the hairs
spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, some of them glandular, the tube
more densely hirsute with the glandular hairs predominating; ped-
icels up to 4 mm. long, minutely hirsute, the hairs both glandular
and eglandular; corolla hirtellous, white or pale yellow, drying yellow,
the tube yellowish, green or purple (fide A. S. Hitchcock No. 16536,
U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 1055847, collected at Georgetown, British
Guiana), 3 to 4 cm. long, 3 mm. broad near base, narrowed to 8 mm.
at 8 mm. above base, thence enlarged to 18 mm. at throat, the enlarged
portion of the tube obconic, the lobes rounded, about 1.5 cm. in di-
ameter, conspicuously and coarsely reticulate-veined ; stamens in pairs,
the longer pair about 13 mm. long, the shorter about 1 cm. long, the
filaments of the longer stamens bearing a line of minute, glandular,
spreading hairs, the anthers 3.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, short-
apiculate at tip; ovary conical, 3 mm. long, densely pilosulous; style
16 mm. long, pilosulous at and near base; capsule clavate, 20 mm.
long or more, minutely pilosulous, some of the hairs glandular; seeds
2, gray, about 3.5 mm. broad, roughened, the margins crenate.

Native to tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya. Introduced into
tropical America where it is cultivated or persists as an escape. In
addition to Colombia, specimens from British Guiana, Venezuela,
and Trinidad were examined.

Borivar: Cartagena, Bro. Elias 622 (US).
Tribe 9. GRAPTOPHYLLEAE

Graptophylleae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47, 1893. Of the 12 genera
included in this tribe in Dalla Torre & Harms, Genera Siphonogamarum,
only Pachystachys is represented in Colombia. The tribe is based on Grap-
tophyllum, a genus found chiefly in Australia and Polynesia.

Shrubs or herbs; inflorescence spicate or paniculate; calyx usually
equally 5-parted, sometimes 2-lipped ; stamens 2; staminodes 2 or none;
anthers 2-celled, the cells equally or unequally attached, their bases
acute, obtuse or spurred; mostly “rahmenpollen”; capsules stipitate,
4-seeded.

290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

22. PACHYSTACHYS Nees

Pachystachys Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 99. 1847. Type species: Pachystachys
riedeliana (Brazil). Nees described no other species in this treatment.
Later the same year (DC. Prodr. 11: 319. 1847) he republished this and
added five other species. No further additions were made to the genus until
Rizzini described P. albiflora from Brazil (Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, n. s.
8: 24, pl. 7. 1947. The generic name is derived from ma4X0s, thick, large or
stout, and ordxuvs, spike.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants; leaves large, petioled; spikes
terminal, dense; bracts conspicuous, herbaceous; bractlets small or
none; flowers borne in a terminal spike of verticillasters consisting of
3 or 4 flowers each; calyx 5-parted, the segments relatively short;
corolla ringent, slenderly obconic, curved, 2-lipped, the upper lip nar-
row, 2-lobed at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes subequal, oblong or
ovate; stamens 2, about as long as the corolla, attached near the base
of its tube; anthers deeply sagittate, the basal lobes muticous, equal;
staminodes, if present, rudimentary.

1. Pachystachys riedeliana Nees Figure 106

Pachystachys riedeliana Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras, 9: 99. 1847. Type locality:
“Ad Villam de Borba in ditione fluvy. Madeira,” Brazil. Type collected by
Riedel in whose honor the species was named.

Suffrutescent, erect, simple or sparingly branched plants up to 3
meters high; stems glabrous, terete or the upper portions subquad-
rangular; leaf blades oblong, elliptic or broadly oblanceolate, up to
23 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself usually
blunt), gradually to rather abruptly narrowed at base, glabrous, the
margins entire, the costa and lateral veins (9 to 12 pairs) rather prom-
inent; petioles up to 5 cm. long, glabrous; spikes solitary, terminal, up
to 16 cm. long or more, the rachis finely puberulous; bracts rather
loosely imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 7 to 11 mm.
wide (the terminal bracts somewhat smaller, the basal ones larger),
acuminate, narrowed at base, short-petiolate, both surfaces puberu-
lous, the lower surface more densely so, bearing additional glandular
hairs; bractlets narrowly linear, about 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide,
sparingly puberulous; calyx campanulate, 4.5 mm. long, the segments
narrowly triangular, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, acu-
minate, sparingly hirtellous; corolla scarlet, up to 7.5 cm. long, the tube
curved, 4 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 8 mm. at throat,
the upper lip erect, lanceolate, 6.5 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to 1.5 mm. at tip, 2-lobed, the lobes obtuse, about 1 mm.
long and wide, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the lobes linear,
rounded at tip, the middle lobe 17 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the
lateral ones up to 24 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; stamens attached near
the base of the corolla tube, the filaments 5 cm. long, puberulous, the

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 291

anthers 7 mm. long, deeply sagittate, the basal lobes muticous; stami-
nodes rudimentary, puberulous; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Pachystachys riedeliana has often been confused with P. coccinea
(Aubl.) Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 319. 1847) of French Guiana. Al-
though the two species are superficially similar, they can readily be
separated by the longer, linear calyx segments of P. coccinea.

Woods, margins of thickets, along trails or streams. West Indies
and northern South America.

Ex VaLie: Las Juntas, on the Rfo Dagua, Lehmann 1887 (US).

Ficure 106.—Pachystachys riedeliana Nees (a-e, Lehmann 1887; f-i, Eggers 14135, Ecuador):
a, Spike; b, leaf; c, upper surface of bract; d, bractlet; ¢ pubescence of undersurface of
bract; f, calyx; g, pistil; h, corolla; 7, anther. (a, b, h, Half natural size; ¢, d, g, natural
size; e, about 22 times natural size; f, 1, twice natural size.)

Tribe 10. PSEUDERANTHEMEAE

Pseuderanthemeae Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 13:
282. 1883. Pseuderanthemum Radlk. is the only one of the three genera
listed in the tribe Pseuderanthemeae in Dalla Torre & Harms’ Genera
Siphonogamarum with representatives in America.

Herbs or shrubs; inflorescence spicate, racemose, thyrsiform, or
paniculate; bracts and bractlets small; calyx 5-parted ; corolla more or
less 2-lipped; stamens 2; staminodes 2 or none; anther cells equally
or unequally attached, acute or obtuse at base ; “spangenpollen” (ellip-
tical grains with 9 longitudinal clefts arranged in 8 groups, the broader

292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

middle cleft of each group containing a pore) and “glatterpollen”
(smooth or roughened, nearly spherical grains with 2 or 3 pores, these
sometimes lying in very short clefts) ; capsules slenderly stipitate, 2-
or 4-seeded.

23. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk.

Pseuderanthemum Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss, Mtinchen 13:
282. 1883. A genus found in tropical regions throughout the world. From
vevdts, false, and Eranthemum, an Old World genus belonging to the tribe
Ruellieae, thus false EHranthemum. Type species: Hranthemum alatum
Nees (Mexico).

Herbs or small shrubs; leaves opposite, usually ovate; flowers borne
in terminal or axillary bracteate spikes, racemes or panicles, the bracts
and bractlets subtending the flower clusters small ; calyx segments 4 or
5, subulate; corolla white, blue, or pink, the tube slender, the limb
spreading, the 5 lobes subequal; stamens 2, usually included; stam-
inodes 2, minute; anthers cells muticous or acute at the base; capsules
long-stipitate; seeds 2 or 4.

In his treatment of Eranthemum (DC. Prodr. 11: 445. 1847) Nees
classifies his species having subequal corolla lobes under two heads,
one with large conspicuous bracts, all Old World species, under
“a. Grandibracteata,” and the other, with small inconspicuous bracts,
partly New World and partly Old World species, under “b. Parvi-
bracteata.” To this latter section Radlkofer applied the generic name
Pseuderanthemum.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Leaf blades ovate, abruptly narrowed to a long, winged petiole; bracts subtend-
ing the lower branches of the inflorescence leaflike, orbicular or suborbicular,
sessile or subsessile; corolla tube about 2 cm. long, very slender.

Flowers dark red; flower bracts triangular, up to 2 mm. long___ 1. P. haughtii
Flowers purple; flower bracts lanceolate, up to 4 mm. long____ 2. P. idroboi

Leaf blades elliptic or oblong to lanceolate or oblanceolate, rarely ovate, grad-
ually narrowed to short, winged petioles; bracts subtending the inflorescence,
or lower branches of the same, oblong, lanceolate, or linear-subulate, some-
times leaflike but not orbicular.

Calyx more or less glandular-puberulous.
Leaf blades (lower surface) glabrous or bearing a few scattered, minute,

stiff hairs; cystoliths black__._.._._-__._.._._____._ 3. P, leiophyllam
Leaf blades (lower surface) definitely puberulous or hirtellous; cystoliths
whitish.
Lobes of the corolla conspicuously purple-dotted_______ 4. P. poecilanthum
Lobes of the corolla uniformly colored.
Corollas pure white____-.----=-- 8 aoe eee 5. P. ellipticum

Corollas violet or pink,
Leaf blades glabrous above, sparingly gland-dotted beneath.
6. P. ewanii
Leaf blades more or less hirtellous above, not gland-dotted

beneath_____--~--. ~~~ eee 7. P. pennellii

LEONARD! THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 293

Calyx eglandular.
Leaf blades 2 cm. wide or less (or up to 3 cm. in No. 9).
Calyx glabrous____-_----__----------------------------- 8. P. lanceum
Calyx puberulous_-_--------_-------------------------- 9. P. sneidernii
Leaf blades, or at least some of them, 2.5 cm. wide or more.
Rachis glabrous; leaf blades usually obtuse or rounded at tip.
10. P. atropurpureum
Rachis pubescent; leaf blades acuminate.
Flowers borne in simple or forked racemes.

Leaf blades thin, up to 5.5 em. wide_-__---_..-.- 11. P. potamophilum

Leaf blades firm, up to 4 em. wide_---_----------- 12, P. hylophilum
Flowers borne in panicles.

Corolla densely glandular-papillose_._.-.----—--- 13. P. chaponense

Corolla sparingly puberulous or pubescent.
Tube of corolla narrow, the throat 1.5 mm. broad.
14. P. stenosiphon
Tube of corolla wider, the throat 2.3 to 3 mm. broad.

Corollas white; shrubs__-_~---------------- 15. P. cuatrecasasii
Corollas purplish ; herbs__------------------------ 16. P. dawei
1. Pseuderanthemum haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. FiacureE 107

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, bifariam pilosis, pilis plus
minusve patulis, cystolithis subpunctiformibus, inconspicuis; lamina
foliorum ovata, abrupte acuminata (apice ipso acuto, plus minusve
curvato), basi rotundata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel undulata,
membranacea, supra glabra vel parce hirtella, costa et venis promi-
nentibus, cystolithis gracilibus, subtus parce hirtella, pilis patulis
praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis prominentibus; petioli alati,
glabri vel marginibus et canale pilos minutos ferentes; panicula parce
ramosa, terminalis, pedunculo et rhache plus minusve bifariam pilo-
sis, pilis albis, patulis, fasciculis 1-3 floribus, sessilibus; bracteae in-
fimae foliis similes, suborbiculares, acuminatae, basi rotundatae, sub-
sessiles; bracteae supremae minutae, triangulares, acuminatae, cilia-
tae; bracteolae anguste triangulares, minutae, ciliatae; calycis seg-
menta lanceolata, subtiliter 3-nervata, ciliata; corolla atrorubra, tubo
praegracili, lobis ovalibus, rotundatis; antherae subsessiles, lineares,
curvatae; stylus et ovarium glabri.

Herbs up to 50 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, pilose in 2 lines,
the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.75 mm. long, the cystoliths
barely conspicuous under a lense; leaf blades ovate, 10 to 18 cm. long,
5.5 to 7 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate (the tip itself acute, straight or
slightly curved), rounded at base and abruptly and broadly decurrent
on the petiole, thin, the upper surface glabrous or bearing a few coarse
hairs, the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) conspicuous, the lower
veins meeting the costa almost at right angles, the cystoliths linear,
delicate, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25
mm. long, spreading, confined chiefly to costa and veins, these slightly
more conspicuous than above; petioles 4 to 7 cm. long, glabrous or the

294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

margins and channel bearing a few minute hairs, the winged portion
of the petiole near base of leaf blade 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, thence gradually
narrowed to its base; leaves of the small branches produced in the
axils of the stem leaves ovate, about 2 em. long and 1.5 cm. wide;
panicle terminal, sparingly branched, the flowers subsessile, the pe-
duncle 10 cm. long, the first internode 6 cm. long, the others suc-

Ficure 107.—Pseuderanthemum haughiti Leonard (Haught 3974): a, Leaf; b, small portion
of leaf (lower surface) to show venation in detail; c, small portion of leaf (upper surface)
to show scattered hairs and cystoliths; d, inflorescence; ¢, pubescence of rachis; f, bract;
g bractlet; h, calyx. (a, d, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; ¢, 18 times natural size;
f, g, twice natural size; A, slightly more than natural size.)

cessively shorter toward tip, the leaves subtending the panicle ovate-
cordate, about 7 cm. long and 3.5 em. wide near the base, acuminate,
truncate or subcordate at base, subsessile, the short petiole winged,
about 5 mm. long, the bracts subtending the lower branches of the
inflorescence suborbicular, about 2.5 cm. long and wide, acuminate,
rounded at base, subsessile, the bracts subtending the lowermost fas-
cicle of flowers broadly elliptic, about 8 mm. long and 13 mm. wide,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 295

apiculate and emarginate, the lowermost of the subsequent bracts tri-
angular, acuminate, 2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, ciliate, the
others becoming smaller toward tip of inflorescence; the bractlets nar-
rowly triangular, up to 1.5 mm. long, acute, the peduncle and rachis
pilose, the hairs mostly spreading, about 0.5 mm. long, arranged more
or less in two rows; calyx subsessile, 5 mm. long, the segments lanceo-
late, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, faintly and delicately 3-
uerved, ciliolate; corolla dark red, 3 cm. long, the tube very slender,
1.75 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1 mm., the
mouth about 8 mm. broad, the lobes oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, about 4 mm.
wide, rounded at tip; stamens inserted near mouth of corolla tube, the
filaments very short, the anthers curved, about 1.5 mm. long, the stam-
inodes subulate, 0.5 mm. long; ovary 3 mm. long, glabrous; style
slender, glabrous, exserted about 5 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla
tube; mature capsule not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1708795, collected in
coffee groves at Manaure, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 500
meters altitude, January 23, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No. 3974).

Closely related to P. alatum (Nees) Radlk. of Mexico and Central
America, P. haughtti differs chiefly in the shape of the leaf blades and
the size of the calyx. The leaves of P. alatum are definitely cordate
at base, the venation being subpalmate, the lowermost three pairs of
veins arising nearly at a point, whereas in P. haughti the leaf blades
are somew hat rounded at base, and the venation is strictly pinnate.
The calyx of P. alatum is much shorter, being only about 2 mm. long
in comparison to the 5 mm. of P. haughtii, and the segments of the
latter are glabrous or at most sparingly ciliolate instead of rather
copiously ciliolate.

Pseuderanthemum cuspidatum (Nees) Radlk. may likewise have a
resemblance to P. haugAtii, but is described as having roughened, gla-
brous leaf blades and simple spikes.

>. Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 108

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum bifarium
hirtellis, cystolithis minutis, parallelis; lamina foliorum ovata,
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi in petiolum alatum graci-
lem subito angustata, membranacea, integra, glabra vel parce hirtella,
supra costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus aliquanto prominenti-
bus; petioli graciles, alati; racemi terminales, simplices, graciles,
pedunculo et rhache aliquanto hirtellis; pedicelli breves; bracteae
infimae foliis similes, suborbiculares, obtusae, basi cordatae, bracteae
supremae minutae, anguste triangulares, acutae, subcarinatae, ali-
quanto ciliatae, glabrae vel apice minute hirtellae, marginibus sub-
hyalinis; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, acutae, apice minute hirtellae ;

296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, apice minute hirtella et
ciliolata; corolla purpurea, tubo praegracili, limbo patulo, lobis
oblongis, obtusis vel rotundatis; stamina vix exserta; capsulae ignotae

Simple erect herbs up to 60 cm. high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or the upper portions hirtellous in 2 lines, the cystoliths par-
allel, 250 » long; leaves crowded at the tip of stem, the blades ovate,
up to 14 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), abruptly narrowed into a slender, winged petiole, membrana-
ceous, drying bright olive-green, entire, glabrous or sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs of the upper surface coarse, about 0.5 mm. long, those

Ficure 108.—Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard(Id robo 536): a, Inflorescence; 5, leaf;
c, flower bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx. (a, b, Half natural size; c, 4 times natural size;
d, 6 times natural size; ¢, 444 times natural size.)

on the lower surface smaller and finer, confined chiefly to costa and
lateral veins (usually 8 pairs), the venation of the upper surface ob-
scure, that of the lower more prominent and drying a bright yellowish
green, the cystoliths slender, inconspicuous, 250 » long; petioles 4 to
10 cm. long, including the wings, about 10 mm. wide at base of blade,
thence gradually narrowed to base; raceme terminal, simple, slender,
the peduncle 12 cm. long, the lowermost internode 7 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward tip, both peduncle and rachis
moderately hirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading, straight or curved,
0.25 mm. long, the pedicels up to 1 mm. long; bracts subtending the
spike and lowermost branches of the inflorescence leaflike, suborbicu-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 297

lar, obtuse, cordate, the lowermost pair about 4 cm. wide, the second
pair 2 cm. wide, the upper flower bracts lanceolate, 4 mm. long or
less, 0.75 mm. wide at base, acute, subcarinate, moderately ciliate,
minutely hirtellous at tip, the margins subhyaline; bractlets narrowly
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous at tip, otherwise glabrous; calyx segments linear-lanceolate,
2.5 mm. long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, minutely hirtel-
lous and ciliolate at tip; corolla 2.5 cm. long, purple (morada), the
tube slender, 0.75 mm. in diameter except at mouth, here 1.5 mm.
broad, the limb spreading, the lobes oblong, 9 mm. long, up to 4.5 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse, the stamens slightly exserted; capsules not
seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025691, collected on
the margin of the Rio Guejar, Sierra de La Macarena, Intendencia of
Meta, Colombia, 500-1,000 meters altitude, August 29, 1950, by J. M.
Idrobo (No. 536).

Pseuderanthemum idroboi is closely related to the preceding species,
differing chiefly in color of flower and in the shape of the flower
bracts.

3. Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 109

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum bifariam hirtellis,
deorsum glabris, subpunctiformi-cystolithigeris; lamina foliorum
lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi angustata, subauriculata, integra vel
leviter undulata, subchartacea, supra glabra, subtus glabra vel minute
et parce hispidula, cystolithis nigris, costa et venis aliquanto promi-
nentibus; petioli breves; racemi terminales, rhache puberula, pilis pro
parte glandulosis; pedicelli graciles, puberuli, pilis glandulosis et
eglandulosis intermixtis; bracteae parvae, anguste triangulares,
glabrae vel parce puberulae, aliquanto pilos glandulosos raros ferentes ;
bracteolae minutae; calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuta, pube-
rula, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla alba vel
purpurea, plus minusve curvata et ventricosa; stamina et staminodia
glabra, inclusa; capsulae clavatae, puberulentae, apice obtusae ; semina
plana, verrucosa.

Suffrutescent plants up to 30 cm. high or more; stems subquadrangu-
lar, hirtellous in two lines (the hairs about 0.25 mm. long), the lower
portions glabrate, the cystoliths subpunctiform; leaves subsessile,
the blades lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed from about middle to a subauriculate
base, entire or undulate, subchartaceous, the upper surface glabrous,
the lower surface glabrous or minutely and sparingly hispidulous (the
hairs about 100p long), the cystoliths appearing black, the costa and
lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) rather prominent; petioles about 1 mm.
long; flowers borne in terminal racemes up to 7 cm. long, the peduncles

298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

up to 3 cm. long, puberulous in two lines, the rachis puberulous, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped, the pedicels
slender, the lowermost up to 8 mm. long, successively shorter toward
tip, all puberulous with both glandular and eglandular hairs; bracts
narrowly triangular, the largest and lowermost up to 1 cm. long and
3 mm. wide at base, narrowed to an obtuse tip, bractlets similar but
about half as large, both bracts and bractlets glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, sometimes bearing a few additional glandular hairs;

Ficure 109.—Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum Leonard (Toro 943): a, Tip of plant; b, node of
inflorescence to show bracts and bractlets; c, calyx; d, pubescence of calyx; ¢, capsule
(right valve complete). (a, ¢, Natural size; b, c, twice natural size; d, about 20 times
natural size.)

calyx 6 mm. long, the segments linear-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, acute, ending in a blunt tip, puberulous, the pubescence
a mixture of glandular and eglandular hairs up to 150, long; corolla
white or purple(?), about 15 mm. long, the tube about 2 mm. broad at
base, gradually expanded to 8 mm. at mouth, somewhat curved and
ventricose, minutely and sparingly pubescent, the lobes ovate, about
6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide; stamens 4 mm. long, attached at 5 mm.
above base of corolla, the anthers 2 mm. long, the staminodes 1 mm.
long, both stamens and staminodes glabrous; capsules clavate, 21 mm.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 299

long, puberulous, 4-seeded, the solid basal portion about 6 mm. long
and 3 mm. broad, the tip blunt, the seed-bearing cavity 4 mm. broad,
the seed flattened, about 3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, verrucose, the
retinacula linear, curved, about 3 mm. long, thin and acute at tip.
Type in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia, Medellin,
Colombia, No. 1905, collected at Tamesis, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, February 1, 1928, by Rafael A. Toro (No. 943).
Pseuderanthemum letophyllum is well marked and has no close re-
semblance to any other Colombian species. The color of the corolla is
not apparent in the herbarium material. The name leiophyllum is
derived from Xefos, smooth, and piryov, leaf.
4. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 110

Herba erecta, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel sursum parce puber-
ulis, pilis minutis et appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
subacuta (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens,
submembranacea, marginibus leviter et crasse crenatis, supra glabra,
costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus parce puberula, pilis praeci-
pue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis magis prominentibus; petioli
puberuli; racemi solitarii, terminales, rhache et pedunculis glandu-
loso-pubescentibus, pilis patulis, albidis; pedunculus prope basin brac-
teas lineari-subulatas, carinatas, parce puberulas ferens; bracteae
flores subtendentes similes sed minores; bracteolae minutae, subulatae,
anguste triangulares; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata, sub-
tiliter 8-nervata, plus minusve glanduloso-puberula; corolla alba,
lobis purpureo-maculatis; ovarium parce glanduloso-puberulum.

Erect herbs about 30 cm. high; stems subterete, glabrous or the
upper portions sparingly puberulous, the hairs minute and appressed ;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 18 em. long and 4.5 cm. wide, acutish,
the tip blunt, gradually narrowed from middle or slightly above the
middle to base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thin, the margins
shallowly and coarsely crenate, the upper surface glabrous, the costa
impressed, this and the lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the lower
surface sparingly puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
veins, these slightly more prominent than on the upper surface;
petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, puberulous; flowers solitary, borne in a
terminal, peduncled raceme about 12 cm. long, the peduncle (5.5 cm.
long) and rachis glandular-pubescent, the hairs spreading, barely
0.25 mm. long, whitish, the lower pair of bracts borne on the peduncle
about 1 cm. above its base, linear-subulate, carinate, 0.5 mm. broad
at base, sparingly puberulous, those subtending the flowers similar but
smaller, 3 to 1.5 mm. long; bractlets subulate, narrowly triangular,
the lowermost 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base; calyx 6 mm.
long, the segments glandular-puberulous without, the hairs spreading,
the tube 0.5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 1 mm. wide at base,

300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

acuminate, delicately 3-nerved; pedicels up to 3 mm. long, glandular-
puberulous; corollas 1.5 cm. long, sparingly puberulous, white, the
lobes purple-spotted, the tube 10 mm. long, 2 mm. broad near the base,
contracted to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, abruptly expanded at sum-
mit, the mouth 5 mm. broad, 2-lipped, the lobes of the upper lip oblong,

Ficure 110.—Pseuderanthemum poecilanithum Leonard (Cuatrecasas 10671): a, Tip of plant;
b, small portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show cystoliths; c, pubescence of peduncle;
d, bract; ¢, bractlet; f, calyx, spread to show lobes. (a, d, Natural size; b, about 30 times
natural size; c, about 25 times natural size; ¢, f, about twice natural size.)

9mm. long and 4 mm. wide, those of the lower lip ovate, 7 mm. long,
the lateral 4 mm. wide, the middle 4.5 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens
about 1 cm. long, attached in the throat of the corolla, exserted, re-
curved, glabrous, the anthers 2 mm. long; staminodes 1.5 mm. long;
style about 2 cm. long, sparingly puberulous near base, otherwise
glabrous; stigma minute, about as broad as the style; ovary ovoid, 1.5
mm. long, sparingly glandular-puberulous; capsule not seen.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 301

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1798582, collected in
wet forests of the Rio Putumayo, at Puerto Porvenir, Comisaria de
Putumayo, Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 19, 1940,
by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 10671). The name poecilanthum is derived
from zroixidos, speckled, and av6os, flower.

Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum is a distinct species easily recog-
nized by its glandular inflorescence and orchidlike blossoms.

5. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum Turrill

Pseuderanthemum ellipticum Turrill, Kew Bull. 1920: 69. 1920. T’wo cotypes
are cited by Turrill, one collected in lanes and paths between coffee planta-
tions at Fusagasugdé, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, April, by
Mrs. J. A. Tracey, the other in forest shade at Arizal, 1,700 meters altitude,
May, by Kalbreyer. The epithet ellipticum, elliptic, alludes to the shape of
the leaf blades.

Erect herbs 0.5 to 1m. high or more; upper portion of the stem sub-
quadrangular, rather densely hirsute, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long
and more or less appressed, the lower portion of the stem terete and
glabrous; leaves 8 or more, borne on the upper portion of the stem, the
blades elliptic or elliptic-oblanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm.
wide, acuminate, the tips curved and blunt, narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, glabrous above, the costa and lateral nerves
barely conspicuous, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, the lower
surface glabrous except the costa and veins, these rather sparingly
puberulous and conspicuous, the tertiary veins coarsely reticulate, the
cystoliths less conspicuous than above; petioles up to 1 cm. long,
channeled, puberulous; flowers several, crowded in clusters in a nar-
row terminal raceme up to 16 cm. long, the rachis and peduncle (about
6cm. long) rather densely hirsute, the hairs barely 0.5 mm. long, loosely
appressed or ascending, the first internode 1.5 cm. long, the others suc-
cessively shorter, the lowermost pair of bracts borne at about the mid-
dle of the peduncle, linear-subulate, 6.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at
base, carinate, the keel and margins sparingly ciliate, the bracts sub-
tending the flower clusters similar but smaller, 3 to 4 mm. long;
bractlets subulate, 1.5 mm. long, ciliate; pedicels up to 2 mm. long,
glandular-puberulous; calyx glandular-puberulous, the hairs spread-
ing, up to 0.25 mm. long, the calyx tube about 1 mm. long, the segments
lance-linear, acute, 6 to 7 mm. long, obscurely nerved; corolla white,
about 2 cm. long, puberulous, the hairs spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long,
the tube about 12 mm. long, slightly curved, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5
mm. broad at throat, the upper portion slightly ampliate, the lobes
ovate, subequal, rounded, about 6.5 mm. long and 3 to 4.5 mm. wide;
stamens inserted at about the middle of the tube, the filaments 1.5 mm.
long, the anthers about 2 mm. long, the lobes minutely apiculate at
base; staminodes subulate, 0.5 mm. long; ovary about 2 mm. long,

302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

glabrous, the style about 1 cm. long, the lower portion minutely hir-
sute; mature capsules not seen.

The specimens cited were collected at altitudes from 1,100 to
2,300 meters.

CaLpAs: Tabeja, west of Armenia, Pennell, Killip, & Hazen 8630. (GH, NY).

CUNDINAMARCA: Albin, Guevara-Amértegui 267 (US). Forest above Fusa-
gasuga, Pennell 2700 (GH, NY, US). Between the quebradas of La Marfa and
La Victoria, Sasaima, vicinity of San Bernardo, Garcia-Barriga 12589 (US).
Wooded border of Laguna de Pedro Palo, Municipio de Tena, Uribe-Uribe 1754
(US).

6. Pseuderanthemum ewanii Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 111

Suffrutex, caulibus parce ramosis, deorsum teretibus, sursum sub-
quadrangularibus, aliquanto hirtellis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ellip-
tica, breviter subacuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, subchartacea, integra vel undulata, supra sub-
nitida, glabra, costa et venis obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus, in
costa parallelis, subtus glabra (glandulis rotundis, sessilibus parce
dissitis exceptis), costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus aliquanto
hirtellis, venulis crasse reticulatis; petoli aliquanto breves; racemus
angustus, terminalis, interruptus, pedunculo et rhache dense hirtellis;
bracteae anguste lanceolatae, falcatae, carinatae, hirtellae; bracteolae
lanceolatae, parvae, acutae, subcarinatae, hirtellae; pedicelli graciles,
teretes, pilis subbrunneis, patulis, glandulosis et eglandulosis inter-
mixtis praediti; calycis segmenta angusta, acuminata, hirtella, basi
puis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis praedita; corolla pallido-
rosea, minute pubescens, marginibus loborum glabris, lobis patulis,
ovatis, obtusis vel rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva,
curvata; ovarium et stylus glabri; capsulae ignotae.

Sparingly suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems terete below,
subquadrangular above, moderately hirtellous, the hairs curved, as-
cending, about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 13 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide, short-subacuminate (the tip obtuse), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, subchartaceous, entire or undu-
late, the upper surface subnitid, glabrous, the venation obscure, the
cystoliths prominent, 125 to 175 uw long, those on the costa parallel, the
lower surface with scattered sessile glands, otherwise glabrous, except
the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs), these rather prominent,
moderately hirtellous, the hairs appressed or ascending, about 0.25
mm. long, the veinlets coarsely and rather prominently reticulate;
petioles up to 2 cm. long, hirtellous; raceme narrow and spikelike,
terminal, up to 20 cm. long, the peduncle up to 9 cm. long, the lower-
most internode 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the
tip, the peduncle and rachis rather densely hirtellous, the hairs more
or less spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, the flowers crowded into fascicles

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 303

of 10 to 15 flowers each at the nodes of the inflorescence; floral
bracts narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, falcate, up to 6 mm. long,
carinate, 1.5 mm. wide at base, hirtellous; bractlets lanceolate, up to
3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, subcarinate, hirtellous;
pedicels up to 4 mm. long, terete, densely puberulous, the hairs brown-
ish, spreading, up to 175 » long, many of them gland-tipped; calyx
segments up to 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, thence gradually nar-
rowed to the slender tip, hirtellous, some of the hairs toward the base

Ficure 111.—Pseuderanthemum ewanit Leonard (Ewan 15629): a, Tip of plant; b, leaf blade;
ce, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, pubescence of lower portion of calyx segment. (a, b,
Half natural size; c-e, twice natural size; f, 20 times natural size.)

of the segments gland-tipped; corolla 2 cm. long, pale pink, finely
pubescent but the margins of the lobes glabrous, the tube 2 mm. broad
at base, enlarged to 2.5 mm. and again narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, the throat 3 mm. broad, the lobes spreading, ovate, up to
7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip; stamens in-
cluded, about 3 mm. long; staminodes 0.75 mm. long, curved; ovary
and style glabrous, the style about 12 mm. long; capsules not seen.
Type in the Tulane University Herbarium, collected on moist slope
above stream in relict mountain rain-forest, Quebrada Chiniata, 7 km.
228609—53——13

304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

east of Hilo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,430 meters
altitude, May 1, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No. 15629).

7. Pseuderanthemum pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 112

Herba suffrutescens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum plus
minusve bifariam pilosis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum ob-
longo-lanceolata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens, marginibus integris vel undulatis, supra glabra
vel parce hirtella, subtus mediocriter hirtella, pilis appressis, praeci-
pue in costa et venis positis, cystolithis nigris; petioli plus minusve
hirtelli; racemi simplices vel bifurcati, floribus (1-6) in fasciculis dis-

Ficure 112.—Pseuderanthemum pennellii Leonard (Pennell 10684): a, Tip of plant; b, node
of inflorescence; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, pubescence of calyx; g, corolla; A, stamen
and staminode. (a, Half natural size; b-e, h, twice natural size; f, about 22 times natural
size; g, natural size.)

positis; pedunculi et rhaches hirtelli, pilis brunnescentibus; bracteae
et bracteolae subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae, pilis pro parte glan-
dulosis; calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, hirtella, pilis rectis et
patulis, pro parte glandulosis; corolla pallide violacea, pubescens,
lobis ovatis, rotundatis; filamenta glabra; staminodia minuta.
Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more, suffrutescent at base; stems sub-
quadrangular, the angles rounded, the lower portions glabrate, the
upper parts pilose, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long, confined chiefly to
two lines; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, drying dark olive, up to 11
em. long and 3.2 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt), gradually
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the margins entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the lower

LEONARD! THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 300

surface moderately hirtellous, the hairs appressed and confined chiefly
to costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs), these rather prominent, the cystoliths
blackish and inconspicuous except under lens; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long,
more or less hirtellous; flowers borne in fascicles (1 to 6 flowers each)
in simple or forked spikelike racemes up to 10 cm. long, or longer at
maturity, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, these and the rachis hirtel-
lous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, upwardly ascending, brownish, the
lower internodes about 1.5 cm. long (flowering stage), the others suc-
cessively shorter toward tip of raceme, the lower pair of bracts lance-
subulate, up to 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, carinate, the others
gradually reduced in size toward tip of spike, the bractlets similar but
much smaller, both bracts and bractlets rather sparingly hirtellous;
pedicels up to 3.5 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs spreading, up to 175 p
long, some of the shorter ones gland-tipped; calyx 4.5 mm. long, the
segments narrowly triangular, 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, hirtel-
lous, the hairs straight, spreading, 75 to 100 » long, some of them
glandular; corollas pale “hortense violet” (Pennell), 15 mm. long,
pubescent (hairs spreading, up to 175 » long), the tube 8 mm. broad
at mouth, the lobes ovate, 3.5 mm. long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, rounded ;
stamens about 4 mm. long, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 1.25 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, the staminodes minute, 0.3 mm. long; capsules
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1143046, collected at
edge of woods near San Clemente, Department of Caldas, Colombia,
1,800 to 2,200 meters altitude, September 16, 1922, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 10684). An isotype is in the Gray Herbarium.

Another specimen of this species is Mutis’ No. 1500 (US).

Pseuderanthemum pennellii closely resembles P. ellipticum 'Tur-
rill, differing chiefly in its violet flowers, those of P. edlipticum being
a pure white.

8. Pseuderanthemum lanceum (Nees) Radlk.

Eranthemum lanceum Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 451. 1847. Type collected at
Cuello, Department of Tolima, Colombia, by Goudot (Hooker Herbarium,
Kew). The specific epithet, lancewm, lance or spear, alludes to the shape of
the leaf blades.

Pseuderanthemum lanceum Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Miinchen 13 286.1883. Based on Eranthemum lanceum Nees.

Medial leaf blades lanceolate, 7.5 to 9 em. long, 12.5 to 15 mm. wide,
acuminate, gradually narrowed to base and decurrent on the petiole,
glabrous above, the costa on the lower surface scabrous, the lower
blades a little shorter and wider than the upper; petioles short; flowers
borne in short axillary and terminal spikes; bracts, at least the lower,
lanceolate or linear; calyx short, glabrous, the segments subulate;
corolla 10.5 mm. long, white; capsule 12.5 mm. long.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

228609—53 14

306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

9. Pseuderanthemum sneidernii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 113

Suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, sursum
gracilibus, parce puberulis, deorsum glabratis albidis, crassis; lamina
foliorum lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso, plus minusve curvato), basi angustata vel rotundata, sub-
auriculata, marginibus integris vel undulatis, supra glabra, cystolithis
minutis subpunctiformibus, subtus puberula, pilis subappressis, minu-
tis, brunnescentibus; petioli breves, glabri vel parce puberuli; pani-
culae terminales, pedunculis et internodiis leviter complanatis, parce

Ficure 113.—Pseuderanthemum sneidernii Leonard (Sneidern 5042): a, Inflorescence; b,
leaf; c, pubescence of rachis; d, node of inflorescence to show bracts and bractlets; e¢,
calyx; f, calyx segment; g, corolla; h, stamen and staminode; 1, valve of capsule. (a, b,
Natural size; ¢, about 15 times natural size; d, é, 8, t, twice natural size; f, 5 times natural
size; h, 3 times natural size.)

puberulis, floribus solitariis vel fasciculatis; bracteae et bracteolae
parvae, subulatae, glabrae vel parce puberulae; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, acuta, parce puberula; corolla alba(?), tubo
angusto, subcylindrico, limbo patulo, lobis ovatis, subobtusis; stamina
glabra; staminodia minuta, sigmoidea; semina plana, verrucosa;
retinacula apice tenuia et truncata.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 30 em. high or more; stems ascending,
subquadrangular, the upper portions slender, 1.5 mm. in diameter,
sparingly puberulous, the older portions thickish, up to 3.5 mm, in
diameter, whitish, glabrate; leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 307

late, the lowermost leaves up to 8 em. long and 3 cm. wide, early
deciduous, the upper leaves smaller and persistent, up to 5.5 em. long
and 1.8 em. wide, all acute to acuminate (the tip itself blunt and more
or less curved), narrowed or rounded, and more or less auriculate at
base, the margins entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous, the
cystoliths numerous, minute and subpunctiform, the lower surface
puberulous, the hairs subappressed, brownish, about 175 to 375 p,
long, the venation (lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs) more prominent beneath
than above; petioles up to 2 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
lous; flowers borne in terminal panicles up to 10 cm. long and 5 cm.
broad, the peduncles up to 2.5 em. long, the lowermost internodes about
15 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip of inflores-
cence, both peduncles and rachis slightly flattened, sparingly puberu-
lous, the flowers solitary or several, borne in bracted fascicles, the bracts
subulate, the largest and lowermost pair about 2 mm. long; bractlets
similar, up to 1 mm. long, both bracts and bractlets carinate, glabrous
or bearing a few minute hairs; pedicels slender, up to 2 mm. long,
puberulous; calyx 2 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular (their
tips slenderly acute), 0.5 mm. wide at base, sparingly puberulous;
corolla about 1 em. long, white(?), minutely puberulous or the lobes
glabrous, the tube narrow, subcylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the limb
spreading, the lobes ovate, obtusish, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide;
stamens 3 mm. long, attached at 3 mm. above base of corolla tube,
glabrous, the filaments slender, the anthers slightly more than 1 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. broad, the staminodes minute, filiform, 0.5 mm. long,
more or less sigmoid; capsules clavate, puberulous, about 15 mm. long,
4-seeded, the seed-bearing portion about 8 mm. long, 4 mm. broad and
2 mm. thick; seed light brown, flattened, about 8 mm. in diameter,
verrucose; retinacula 3 mm. long, curved, thin and truncate at tip.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1954100, collected at
Pueblo Rico, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 1,700 to 1,900 meters
altitude, February 15, 1946, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 5042).

The salient characters of Pseuderanthemum sneidernié are its small,
lanceolate leaves, graceful panicles, minute calyx, and broad-limbed
corollas abruptly contracted to narrow subcylindric tubes. The color
of the flower is not apparent in dried material. It is probably white
but possibly faint purple.

10. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Bailey
Eranthemum atropurpureum Bull, Gard. Chron. 1: 619, 1875, not Hook, f.
1902. Type grown in the Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King’s
Road, Chelsea, London, 8S. W., by William Bull. Although publishing the
species in an advertisement, Mr. Bull gives an adequate description and,
inasmuch as the Gardener’s Chronicle is a periodical well known to botanists

and available in most botanical libraries, Dr. L. H. Bailey agrees that
Franthemum atrovurpureum is a legitimate name. (Gentes Herb. 4: 351.

308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1940). The specific epithet alludes to the purple leaf blades (ater, dark,
and purpureum, purple.)

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 130. 1923. Based

on Hranthemum atropurpureum Bull,

Shrubs or small trees up to 2 meters high; stems glabrous except
for a tuft or band of small yellowish hairs borne on or near the stipular
ring, the cystoliths subpunctiform ; leaf blades ovate or oval to oblong,
up to 15 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate to obtuse and
apiculate at apex, narrowed at base, purple, glabrous, the margins
entire, undulate or sometimes obscurely lobed, both surfaces bearing
numerous minute subpunctiform cystoliths; petioles up to 1.5 em.
long, glabrous; flowers rather numerous, crowded in subsessile fas-
cicles, these forming narrow terminal racemes or sparingly branched
panicles, the peduncles (usually up to 4 cm. long), rachis and pedicels
(up to 6 mm. long) glabrous or nearly so; bracts oblong, the lower-
most about 5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the others successively
smaller toward the tip of the inflorescence, all ciliolate; calyx seg-
ments narrowly triangular, up to 2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at
base, acute, ciliolate; corolla 15 to 20 mm. long, glabrous, purple or
white with purple spotted throat, the limb 15 to 20 mm. broad, the
lobes ovate, about 1 cm. long and 7 mm. broad, rounded; ovary
glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

VERNACULAR NAMB: San Joaquin (Ariste-Joseph s. n.); San José
(Dugand 3605).

The native country of Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum is not
definitely known, but was probably somewhere in Polynesia. It is
found frequently in tropical America, either under cultivation or as
an escape. Pickel (No. 2361, Brazil) states on his label that the
capsules are purple.

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla Bro. Elias 143 (US) ; 234 (US); Bro. Paul 25 (US),
Miramar, Puerto Colombia, Dugand 3605 (US).

Borivar: Cartagena, Bro. Apolinar-Angel 762 (US); Bro. Hilarino-Angel 109

US).
CUNDINAMAKCA : Girardot, Pérez-Arbeldez 885 (US). La Esperanza, Pérez-

Arbeldez 3148 (US). La Mesa to San Javier, Garcia-Barriga 12049 (US).
Torima: Honda, Bro. Ariste-Joseph A875 (US) 3s. n. (Bog).

11. Pseuderanthemum potamophilum Leonard, sp. noy. Figure 114

Frutex, caulibus elabris vel sursum puberulis, cystolithis numerosis,
minutis, subpunctiformibus; lamina foliorum oblonga-elliptica, acuta
vel subacuta, basi sensim angustata in petiolum decurrens, supra
glabra, costa et venis obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis aliquanto
prominentibus, pilis paucis, minutis, in costa positis, cystolithis num-
erosis, linearibus, conspicuis; petioli breves, parce puberul; thyrsi
angusti, terminales, floribus in fasciculis condensatis positis, pedunculo
et rhache pubescentibus; bracteae et bracteolae parvae, lineares, cilia-

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 309

tae; pedicelli breves, puberuli; calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata,
ciliata; corolla alba vel pallide lilacina, minute puberula, lobis sub-
aequalibus, patulis, anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis vel leviter emar-
ginatis; stamina glabra; staminodia minuta, filiformia ; ovarium parce
puberulum.

Shrubs; stems glabrous or the uppermost internodes puberulous, the
cystoliths numerous, minute, subpunctiform, conspicuous under a

Ficure 114.—Pseuderanthemum potamophilum Leonard (a, b, d, Cuatrecasas 11086; c, eh,
Cuatrecasas 10629): a, Tip of plant; b, leaf and one of the lower nodes; ¢, small portion of
leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show cystoliths; d, pubescence of rachis; ¢, calyx;
f, bract; g, bractlet; 4, corolla. (a, b, Half natural size; c, h, natural size; d, about 18
times natural size; ¢, 5 times natural size; f, g, twice natural size.)

lens; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
acute or subacuminate (the tip itself blunt), gradually narrowed to
base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous, the costa impressed, this and the lateral veins (6 to
8 pairs) scarcely prominent, the lower surface glabrous with a few
minute hairs borne on the costa, the venation rather prominent, the
cystoliths of both surfaces numerous, linear, about 0.25 mm. long, con-
spicuous under a lens; petioles up to 5 mm. long, sparingly puberulous;
racemes narrow, terminal, spikelike, up to 10 cm. long, peduncled, the

310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

flowers rather numerous, crowded in sessile or short-peduncled fasci-
cles, the peduncle up to 6.4 cm. long and, as is the rachis, rather densely
pubescent with whitish, more or less ascending hairs up to 0.25 mm.
long, the lower internode about 4 em. long, the others becoming suc-
cessively shorter toward tip of raceme, the uppermost flowers becom-
ing contiguous; bracts narrowly linear, the lower pair 5.5 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide at base, the others successively smaller toward tip of
raceme; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, acute or
acuminate; calyx about 4 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate,
0.5 mm. wide at base, ciliolate, the pedicels up to 1 mm. long, minutely
puberulous; corolla white or pale lilac, minutely puberulous, the tube
12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes
subequal, spreading, narrowly ovate, about 1 em. long and 3.5 mm.
wide, rounded or shallowly emarginate at tip; stamens inserted at
about the middle of the corolla tube, glabrous, the filaments 1.5 mm.
long, slender, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, the staminodes filiform, about
1 mm, long; ovary about 2 mm. long, puberulous; style reaching the
mouth of the corolla tube, puberulous, the stigma minute, capitate;
capsules not seen.

Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in a wet forest
along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Porvenir, Comisarfa of Putumayo,
Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 17, 1940, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 10629). Fragment of type in the U. S. National Herbar-
ium, No. 1995427.

Cuatrecasas’ No. 11086, collected in wet forests of Quebrada de la
Hormiga, Rio San Miguel, Putamayo, 290 meters altitude, December
16, 1940, is also of this species (Col).

The leaf blades of Pseuderanthemum potamophilum are large for the
genus and, under a lens, the cystoliths are noticeably numerous and
conspicuous on both surfaces of the blades. The species is further
marked by the dense, crowded sessile or short-pedunculate fascicles of
white or whitish flowers, these forming a narrow, spikelike raceme.
The specific epithet is derived from orayés, river, and ¢udéw, to love.
12. Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard, sp. nov. Fraurr 115

Herba vel frutex gracilis, caulibus subteretibus, deorsum glabris,
sursum pubescentibus, pilis ascendentibus, curvatis; lamina foliorum
lanceolata, anguste acuminata, basi angustata, subauriculata, firma,
integra vel undulata, supra glabra, costa impressa, venis obscuris,
subtus parce puberula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis
prominentibus, cystolithis minutis et inconspicuis; petioli breves,
puberuli; racemi terminales, puberuli, angusti, simplices vel bifurcati,
pedunculo et rhache pubescentibus, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus,
brunnescentibus; bracteae parvae, subulatae, ciliatae; bracteolae
minutae, subulatae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta angusta, lanceolata,

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 311

acuminata, puberula; pedicelli breves, puberuli, graciles; corolla (im-
matura) parva, alba (?), pubescens.

Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs up to 1 meter high or more; stems sub-
terete, glabrous below, pubescent at tip, the hairs curved, ascending,
about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 18 cm. long and 4
cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, narrowed gradually from about the
middle to base, there abruptly narrowed and subauriculate, drying
dark olive-green, firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
the costa impressed, the venation obscure, the lower surface sparingly

Ficure 115.—Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15317): a, Inflorescence;
b, leaf; c, pubescence of rachis; d, node of inflorescence; ¢, calyx; f, calyx lobe. (a, b, Half
natural size; c, about 10 times natural size; d, about 1% times natural size; ¢, 3 times
natural size; f, 4 times natural size.)

puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins
(8 to 10 pairs), these rather prominent, the cystoliths minute and in-
conspicuous even under a lens; petioles up to 1 cm. long, puberulous;
flowers solitary or several borne in fascicles in narrow spikelike termi-
nal simple or forked racemes up to 18 cm. long, the peduncle up to
6.5 cm. long, this and the rachis pubescent, the hairs brownish, curved,
ascending, about 0.25 cm. long, the lowermost internode of the rachis
about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of the
raceme, the lowermost pair of bracts leaflike, narrowly lanceolate, up
to 1.5 em. long, the others subulate, 2 mm. long and about 0.5 mm.

312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide at base, ciliate, reduced in size toward tip of raceme; bractlets
similar but slightly smaller than the bracts; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long,
puberulous, the segments narrowly lanceolate, slightly more than 0.5
mm. wide at base, acuminate at tip; pedicels slender, about 2 mm.
long, puberulous; corolla (immature) about 8 mm. long, white (?),
pubescent, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.38 mm. long;
capsules not seen.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1852697, collected in
woods at La Elsa, on the right bank of Rio Digua, Department of El
Valle, Colombia, 1,000 to 1,200 meters altitude, November 9, 1948, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15317). An isotype is in the herbarium of the
Chicago Natural History Museum.

Such characters as its slender, simple or forked racemes and its
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, chartaceous leaf blades serve to iden-
tify Pseuderanthemum hylophilum. Only immature corollas are pres-
ent on the type material; the color of these is not apparent. The
specific epithet is derived from Xn, forest, and ¢:déw, to love.

13. Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 116

Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabris, sursum subquad-
rangularibus, aliquanto puberulis, pilis sursum curvatis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice plus minusve curvato),
basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra glabra,
costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus parce hirtella, pilis ascenden-
tibus, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus; petioli glabri
vel puberuli; thyrsi angusti, interrupti, in ramis axillaribus terminales
vel paniculam terminalem formantes, pedunculis et rhachibus puberu-
lis, pilis minutis, curvatis; bracteae infimae foliaceae; bracteae su-
premae lineares, acutae, parce puberulae et ciliolatae; bractolae
subulatae, acuminatae, subglabrae vel parce ciliolatae; fasciculi 4—8-
flori; pedunculi breves, puberuli; calycis segmenta linearia, acuminata,
glabra vel parce ciliolata et hirtella; corolla alba, tubo angusto, basi
glabro, sursum dense glanduloso-papilloso, lobis oblongis subobtusis;
stamina inclusa, filamentis brevibus, glabris; staminodia brevia; cap-
sulae ignotae.

Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high or more; stems simple or
branched, the lower parts terete and glabrous, up to 2.5 em. in diameter,
the upper parts subquadrangular, moderately puberulous with curved
hairs about 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 9 em. long
and 5 em. wide, acuminate, the tip often curved, narrowed at base,
moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous, the
venation obscure, the cystoliths minute, blackish, 125u long, the lower
surface sparingly and inconspicuously hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
about 100u long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) more promi-
nent than above; petioles mostly 1 to 3 em. long, 1 mm. thick, glabrous

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 313

or puberulous with curved hairs; panicles up to 6 cm. long and 1.5
em. broad, interrupted, the peduncle up to 4 cm. long, the lowermost
internode about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip,
both peduncles and rachises puberulous with upwardly curved hairs
up to 175u long, the lowermost branches of the inflorescence subtended
by leaves appreciably smaller than the stem-leaves, the uppermost
flower clusters subtended by linear bracts up to 4.5 mm. long and 0.75
mm. wide at base, sparingly puberulous and ciliolate; bractlets subu-
late, up to 2mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, subglabrous,

Ficure 116.—Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard (Lawrance 441): a, Tip of plant, half
natural size. Pseuderanthemum chaponense f{. lilacinum Leonard (Lawrance 501): 6,
Portion of fascicle showing bract, bractlet and calyx; c, pubescence of calyx segment;
d, corolla; ¢, pubescence of corolla tube. (b, d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 20 times natural
size; ¢, 30 times natural size.)

sparingly ciliolate; flowers usually about 4 to 8 to a cluster, the pedicels
1 mm. long, sparingly puberulous; calyx 4 mm. long, the segments
linear, 3 to 4.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous
or sparingly ciliolate and hirtellous, the hairs up to 125y long; corolla
white, the tube narrow, 0.75 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to
1.5 mm. at mouth, the basal portion glabrous (1.5 mm.), the remainder
of the tube densely glandular-papillose, the lobes oblong, about 4 mm.
long and 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, subobtuse; stamens included, 3 mm. long,
the filaments 1.5 mm. long, glabrous; staminodes minute, barely 0.25
mm. long; ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
on bank of stream in forest, El Umbo region, the vicinity of Mount
Chapon in the western part of the Department of Boyacé, Colombia,
“3,000 ft.” altitude, September 19, 1982, by A. E. Lawrance (No.
441).

Pseuderanthemum chaponense can be easily recognized by the slen-
der, densely glandular-papillose corolla tube, and narrow corolla
lobes.

13a. Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard f. lilacinum Leonard, f. nov.

A forma typica corolla lilacina recedit.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
on the bank of a stream in dense forest in El Umbo region, western
part of the Department of Boyaca, Colombia, “2,500 ft.” altitude,
October 1, 1982, by A. E. Lawrance (No. 501).

The type specimen of Pseuderanthemum chaponense f. lilacinum
was collected from a plant “2-4 ft.” high with stems up to “14 inch”
in diameter. Mr. Lawrance states that it was “beautiful in the forest
and similar to lilac.” The label on Lawrance 441, the typical white-
flowered form, states that the plant was 15-20 feet high, with stems
up to an inch in diameter. These data are probably erroneous. The
specimen indicates that the plant is subherbaceous, slender-stemmed,
and probably only a meter high or less.

14, Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 117

Herba, caulibus simplicibus, subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis
septatis, patulis vel ascendentibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
plus minusve falcato-acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra glabra, sub lente minute
alveolata, cystolithis pluribus, conspicuis, subtus aliquanto hirtella,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis, venulis crasse
reticulatis; petioli hirtelli, pilis brunneis, curvatis; paniculae ter-
minales, parce ramosae, fasciculis dispositis, pedunculis et rhachibus
hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus, septatis; bracteae infimae foliaceae;
bracteae supremae anguste lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae vel parce hir-
tellae et ciliolatae; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores; pedicelli
graciles, puberuli; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta, parce
puberula; corolla dilute caerulea, puberula vel marginibus loborum
glabra, tubo angusto, limbo lato, lobis ovatis, obtusis vel rotundatis;
stamina brevia; staminodia minuta; ovarium puberulum; capsulae
ignotae.

Herbs up to 80 cm. high or more; stems simple, subquadrangular,
pilose, the hairs septate, spreading or ascending, about 0.5 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 11 cm. long and 3.5 em. wide, more
or less falcate-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed to rounded

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 315

at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface gla-
brous, minutely alveolate under Jens, the cystoliths numerous, con-
spicuous under lens, 175y long, the lower surface moderately hirtel-
lous, the hairs ascending or appressed, confined chiefly to costa and
veins (6 to 7 pairs), these more prominent than above, the veinlets
rather prominently and coarsely reticulate; petioles 1.5 cm. long,
hirtellous with brownish, curved hairs; flowers arranged in fascicles
of usually 2 to 8 flowers each, forming sparingly branched terminal
panicles up to 7 cm. long, the peduncles up to 5.5 cm. long, the lower-

Figure 117.—Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Leonard (Pennell 4436): a, Tip of plant; }, leaf;
c, pubescence of rachis; d, bract; ¢, bractlets; f, calyx; g, pubescence of calyx segment.

(a, b, Half natural size; c, 22 times natural size; d, e, 6 times natural size; f, 244 times

natural size; g, 20 times natural size.)

most internode 2.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward
tip, both peduncle and rachis hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to
0.5 mm. long, septate; bracts subtending the lowermost branches of
the inflorescence linear to narrowly lanceolate, leaflike, 1 to 2 cm.
long, 1 to 6 mm. wide; bracts subtending the fascicles narrowly
lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; bractlets similar to the bracts,
but slightly smaller; pedicels slender, up to 38 mm. long, 0.25 mm. in
diameter, puberulous; calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, about 3
mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly puberulous; corolla 12

316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

mm. long, white tinged with blue (PennelZ), puberulous or the lobes
glabrous toward margins, the tube narrow, 1.25 mm. broad near base,
narrowed at 1.5 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., thence abruptly enlarged
from about the middle to 1.5 mm., the limb 8 mm. broad, the lobes
ovate, 5 mm. long, subobtuse or rounded; stamens attached at middle
of tube, 2 mm. long, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the
staminodes 0.5 mm. long; ovary puberulous, mature capsules not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
at edge of forest about Antizales, Department of Bolivar, Colombia,
1,500-1,800 meters altitude, February 25 or 26, 1918, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 4436).

Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon can be recognized among its close
relatives by the bluish flowers with very narrow corolla tubes. Hence
the specific epithet, orevds, slender, and cidwr, tube.

15. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 118

Frutex, caulibus subscandentibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
pilis plus minusve bifariam pilosis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, an-
guste et aliquando falcato-acuminata, basi angustata, marginibus saepe
recurvata, supra subnitida, glabra vel basi hirtella, costa et venis la-
teralibus aliquanto obscuris, cystolithis minutis et inconspicuis, subtus
parce hirtella, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis
aliquanto prominentibus; petioli subtus glabri vel hirtelli, supra pi-
losi; panicula terminalis, valde ramosa, ramis interruptis, floribus
paucis in fasciculis dispositis, pedunculis et rhachibus hirtellis; brac-
teae infimae parvae, subulatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; bracteae
supremae parvae, anguste triangulares, glabrae vel subglabrae; brac-
teolae similes sed minores; pedicelli graciles, puberuli; calycis seg-
menta anguste triangularla, acuta, glabra vel parce ciliolata; corolla
alba, minute puberula, pilis pro parte glandulosis, lobis ovalibus, ro-
tundatis vel obtusis; stamina brevia, filamentis glabris, basi cum sta-
minodium parvum curvatum adnatis; capsulae clavatae, minute pu-
berulae, stipitibus gracilibus; retinacula lanceolata, tenuia, acuta;
semina suborbicularia, plana, glabra, tuberculata.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high, the branches vinelike, subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly pilose, the hairs more or less disposed in 2 lines,
up to 0.75 mm. long, spreading or ascending, septate, the larger stems
glabrous, subnitid, clothed with a light brownish bark; leaf blades
lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate or
falcate-acuminate, narrowed at base, the edges often recurved (giving
the leaf the appearance of being hastate), rather firm, entire or un-
dulate, the upper surface subnitid, glabrous or hirtellous at base, the
costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) barely prominent, the cystoliths
minute and inconspicuous, the lower surface sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending or subappressed, confined chiefly

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 317

to costa and lateral veins, these more prominent than above; petioles
5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous or hirtellous or the channels pilose with
spreading straight or curved hairs up to 0.75 mm. long; panicles ter-
minal, rather freely branched, up to 12 cm. long and 9 mm. broad,
the flowers more or less secund, 2 to 8 at each node, the peduncle (up to
8 cm. long) and rachis (lowermost internode 2 or 3 cm. long, the

Ficure 118.—Pseuderanthemum cuairecasasit Leonard (a-d, g, Cuatrecasas 21646; ¢, f, h,
Cuatrecasas 23848): a, Panicle; b, portion of panicle to show bract, bractlets and calyx;
c, node with leaf blade; d, pubescence, edge of calyx segment; é, corolla; f, pubescence of
corolla; g, stamen and staminode; h, valye of capsule. (a, c, Half natural size; b, twice
natural size; d, 34 times natural size; ¢, 114 times natural size; f, 23 times natural size;
g, 4 times natural size; 4, natural size.)

others successively shorter toward tip) hirtellous with ascending sep-
tate hairs up to 0.75 mm. long; bracts subtending the lowermost
branches of the inflorescence subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at
base, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; bracts subtending the flower
clusters narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute,
glabrous or nearly so, the bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly
smaller; pedicels slender, 2 to 3 mm. long, puberulous; calyx segments
narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous

318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

or sparingly ciliolate; corallas white (or the buds purplish white)
(Cuatrecasas), 12 mm. long, minutely puberulous with glandular and
longer eglandular hairs intermixed, the tube 1.5 to 2 mm. broad at base,
slightly narrowed at 2 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to
3mm, at throat, the lobes oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 to 3.25 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse; stamens attached at 4.5 mm. above base of corolla
tube, 3 mm. long, the anthers 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the
filaments glabrous, united at base with curved staminodes 0.5 mm.
long; capsules clavate, 18 mm. Jong, 3.5 mm. in diameter, the stipe
slender, 11 mm. long, 1 mm. broad at base, 2.5 mm. broad at base of
seed-cavity, the surface of the capsule sparingly and minutely pu-
berulous, the retinacula lanceolate, thin, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide
at base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip; seeds 2 in each cavity, sub-
orbicular, flat, about 38 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the surface strongly
tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950028, collected at
Los Carpatos in the valleys of the Cali and Pichindé rivers, Depart-
ment of El] Valle, Colombia, 1,900-2,100 meters altitude, September 28,
1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 21646).

Cuatrecasas’ No. 23848 (US) (fruiting specimen), collected below
Queremal along the Rio San Juan in the Rio Digua Valley, El Valle,
1,300-1,500 meters altitude, March 19, 1947, is also of this species.

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii is very closely related to P, dawei
Turrill and may prove after more material can be examined to be only
a form or variation of that species. It differs chiefly in the size of
the plant and the color of the flower.

16. Pseuderanthemum dawei Turrill

Pseuderanthemum dawei Turrill, Kew Bull. 1920: 69. 1920. Type in the Kew
Herbarium, collected in the Cauca Valley, Colombia, July 5, 1920, by M. T.
Dawe (No. 847). Isotypes in the U. 8. National Herbarium (No. 142565)
and the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

An erect herb; tips of the stems sparingly hirsute, the hairs about
0.25 mm. long, arranged more or less in two rows, the cysotoliths sub-
punctiform, inconspicuous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 8 to 16 cm. long,
2.5 to 5.7 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt, more or
less curved), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper
surface glabrous, bearing subpunctiform cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens, the costa (impressed) and lateral veins (about 9 pairs) rather
prominent, the lower surface glabrous except costa and veins, these
prominent and sparingly puberulous, the hairs curved, the cystoliths
less abundant and conspicuous than those of the upper surface; petioles
(unwinged portions) up to 1.2 cm. long, the channel sparingly puber-
ulous, glabrous beneath; flowers one to several, borne in fascicles in
sparingly branched terminal panicles about 16 em. long and 12 cm.

LEONARD: THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 319

broad, the peduncles up to about 8 emi. long, the lower internode 1 to
1.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tips of the
panicle, both peduncle and rachises more or less flattened, sparingly
puberulous, the hairs curved; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous or nearly so; bractlets minute, linear-lanceolate, barely 1 mm.
long; calyx segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
puberulous, 3-nerved; pedicels up to 2 mm. Jong, puberulous; corolla
purplish, 7 to 8 mm. long, puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the
tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.3 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes subequal,
elliptic-ovate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, rounded at tip, sta-
mens attached at about the middle of the corolla tube, the filaments
about 0.5 mm. long, the anthers 1 mm. long, the staminodes subulate,
about 0.25 mm. long; ovary cylindric, about 1.5 mm. long, minutely
puberulous; style 8 mm. long, the lower portion puberulous; capsules
not seen.

Usually found in wooded ravines or in dense, damp woods of moun-
tain slopes between 1,400 and 1,800 meters altitude. The flowering
season extends from June to August. Killip notes that the corollas
are purple-red (No. 5692). Lehmann gives the following field note:
“Weed with thin weakly ramified stems up to 1 meter in height. Leaves
thin, skinny, dark green, with a greasy sheen. Flowers white, softly
washed with lilac violet.”

Ex VALLE: La Cumbre, Killip 5692 (US). Roldanillo, Lehmann 8534 (K).

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Pseuderanthemum cordatum (Nees) Radlk,

Type collected at Atacamas, Ecuador, by Sinclair. Erroneously
cited as from Colombia by Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 450. 1847) and from
Panama in Index Kewensis.

INDEX

[Synonyms in ttalics.

Page

Acanthoideae_________-------- 119
Andrographideae________-_-__- 285
Aphanandrium__-_----------- 120, 123
lehmannianum____._--___- 120, 123
Aphelandra___------ 119, 120, 127, 128
acanthus_____ 129, 141, 142, 144, 147
acutifolia_...-.------------- 168
adsecendens______-_-_-- 129, 158, 160
albert-smithii_____ 132, 232, 238, 234
alexandri___________-_- 131, 191, 192
anomala____.___-- 130, 185, 186, 190
arborescens_ ------ 134, 277, 278, 279
arisema____---------- 131, 290, 201
aristei____ 132, 228, 229, 230, 232, 280
arnoldii______------------ 129, 153
aurantiaca____._...--- 180, 164, 166,
168, 169, 1760, 173

barkleyi__-------- 132, 221, 222, 223
blandii_____------ 133, 259, 267, 268
botanodes_____--- 129, 155, 156, 157
boyacensis__..---- 131, 198, 199, 200
chaponensis____-_-- 133, 273, 174, 275
cirsioides._.__-------------- 139
colombiensis- - ~~ -- 131, 196, 197, 198
conformis....-------- 131, 194, 195
craura___-------- 131, 207, 208, 209
erenata_________-_ 133, 259, 260, 261
crispata_____--------- 129, 151, 152
cuatrecasasii_______-_- 131, 204, 205
daemonia___-_- 130, 132, 223, 225, 226
deppeana___---------- 130, 181, 183
dolichantha___ 131, 204, 206, 207, 209
euopla___------------ 129, 138, 139
fascinator..__--_--------- 131, 191
fernandeazii___-------- 138, 270, 272
flava___------------------ 230, 279
garciae______- 133, 256, 258, 259, 270
glabrata_...._._._---------- 133, 254,
256, 261, 262, 268

glischrochlamys - - ~~ ~~ - 130, 186, 188
grandis_____------ 132, 226, 227, 228
haenkeana__---------------- 183
hartwegiana_____- 133, 246, 261, 268
haughtii_..._____- 132, 234, 239, 241
hodgei___-_------ 133, 252, 262, 264
huilensis_...--------- 129, 146, 147
impressa__ _-- 130, 168, 175, 178, 179
incarnata___...--- 132, 242, 243, 244
killipii_._ 131, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206
lamprantha__.______--- 130, 176, 178
lasia_____-------- 130, 179, 180, 181
lasiophylla_.__-------- 131, 192, 193
lawranceae_______---- 131, 192, 195

Page numbers of principal entries in boldface]

Aphelandra—Continued Page
leiophylla__------ 130, 169, 170, 171
lingua-bovis___ 188, 223, 268, 270, 275
lonchochlamys--—_----- 130, 165, 166
longispica____ 138, 252, 265, 266, 267
lyrata_...-._------------- 129, 159
Ivrata y arguta____-----_-_-- 15
lyrata 6 laxior____----.--_-- 150
lyrata a latibractea___.-_-_-- 150
macrophylla__._.------_-.- _. 182,

218, 234, 236, 237, 239
melgariensis._._---------_-- 280
mildbraediana____—_-- 132, 218, 220
mollis__.....--------- 129, 154, 158
mutisii____.---------- 129, 136, 137
nana_..__------------ 130, 171, 173
ochrolarynx_.--------- 129, 160, 162
parviflora___------------- 129, 153
parvispica_------- 132, 216, 218, 237
pectinata...---------------- 183
pharangophila__.. 134, 275, 276, 277
phlogea__------------ 130, 189, 190
phobera__-------- 129, 143, 144, 145
pilosa__---------- 131, 209, 211, 212
porphyrocarpa-------- 129, 140, 141
porphyrolepis. - ~~~ 129, 148, 149, 150
prismatica_..-.------------- 200
puberula. - --- 130, 166, 167, 168, 175
pulcherrima-----_---- 131, 183, 212,

216, 218, 220, 226, 228, 262
quercifolia__....---------- 129, 150
runcinata___...----------- 129, 134
runcinata var. pilosa___-- --- 129, 135
runcinata var. straminea__. 129, 135
schiedeana_______----------- 280
schieferae_—-_----- 131, 213, 215, 216
schultesii____----- 132, 237, 238, 239
seolnikae____-_------- 133, 252, 254
sericantha___--------- 1338, 245, 246
sericophylla__.__------ 133, 254, 256
silvicola__....-------- 129, 157, 158
sinclairiana___..------------ 243
sneidernii_-_-_-__---- 130, 167, 174, 175
straminea____ 133, 250, 252, 264, 267
taborensis.__. 1380, 181, 182, 183, 277
trianae_..-------- 132, 230, 231, 232
uribei____--.--------- 130, 162, 164
xanthantha__------ 1338, 248, 249, 250

Aphelandreae_._.----------- 119, 120

Asystasia____.-------------- 120, 287
coromandeliana___----------- 288
gangetica___.--------------- 288
intrusa_____.__------------- 287

322

Page

Asystasieae. 2222222 119, 287
Babosa__... ~~. 2-2 eee 207
Canchelahua dulee___._---___- 125
Cresta de gallo_____ eee ee 135, 2138
Cyphaeanthus__-_-_---- 119, 120, 282
atopus_...-.------------- 283, 284

Encephalosphaera___ 119, 120, 280, 286

vitellina__~ 2-22 ee 280, 281
Vranthemum__....-.------__- 292
alatum 2.22222 ee 292
atropurpureum. 2... ..-- 307, 308
lancewm_ 2222 305
Gerardia_ 222222 ee 126
duleis. 2-2 ee 126
Graptophylleae____ 2-2 119, 289
Graptophyllum__._----------. 289
Hemisandra_..022 2-2 ee 127
aurantiaca.._..-___-_-_-__- 127, 168
Imbricatae_____--_--- 118
Isoglosseae___-- ee 119
Justicia. 2.2 ee 127
asystasia_....----..--.----- 288
crtstata_....2--.------ eee . 127
gangelica._.------------__.- 288
pulcherrima_....------- --. 127,212
scabra_.__--.------.__.-___- 127
Justicieae. 2-2-2 ee 119
Lagochilium___------------- 127, 286
maximilianum__...--- ~~. 127
molle.......-.-...---------- 154
Neriacanthus__________- 119, 120, 123
grandiflorus.__...__..-__._- 121, 122
lehmannianus- - - ~~ _-- 121, 122, 123
purdieanus___________ 120, 121, 123
Odontonemeae________________ 119
Pachystachys___..---__- 120, 289, 290
albiflora..._-...-2--- ~~ --- ee 290
coccinea______-----------__- 291
riedeliana_........--____- 290, 291

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Picigallo.......-..--__----_____- 213
Pié de gallo___-_------__-______- 213
Pisigallo___.-_..--.------2-- 213
Pseuderanthemeae___________ 119, 291
Pseuderanthemum___---- 120, 291, 292
alatum___...------- 2 _- 295
atropurpereum________ 293, 307, 308
chaponense_-- ~~~ - 293, 312, 313, 314
chaponense f. lilacinum. - _ __- 314
cordatum.....---2-2--2--_-- 319
cuatrecasasii_-____ 293, 316, 317, 318
cuspidatum_______- won -eeee 295
dawei__._._______-__-_____- 298, 318
ellipticum. __-._2_22 2 _ 292, 301, 305
ewanli___-__-_ 2 - 292, 302, 303
haughtii__________ 292, 293, 294, 295
hylophilum_--_____ 293, 310, 311, 312
idroboi____._____- 292, 295, 296, 297
lanceum____--.-.-.-----__ 293, 305
leiophyllum____-_- 292, 297, 298, 299
pennellii_...---..22___ 292, 304, 305
poecilanthum _____ 292, 299, 300, 301
potamophilum.__- 2938, 308, 309, 310
sneidernii_____._______ 293, 306, 307
stenosiphon_______ 293, 314, 315, 316
Rhombochlamydeae ________- 119, 285
Rhombochlamys________- 119, 285, 286
elata_..-_._----- 2. 285, 286, 287
rosulata_.._..-__- 160, 285, 286, 287
Ruellia dulcis__._.-.-----_--- 125, 126
San Joaquin. _..--_..-.-_-____- 308
San José___-.---_-- ee 308
Stenandrium_______- 119, 120, 124, 286
corymbosum__--.._______- 124, 125
dulece__ 22-8 125, 126
humboldtianum_____.____- 125, 127
mandioccanum_____________- 124
radicosum..--_---------_- _ 124, 125
Titirigallo._.----.-..--___-____- 213

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Votume 31, Parr 3 Book Witherawn

THE ACANTHACEAE OF
COLOMBIA, III

By EMERY C. LEONARD

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS

FROM THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM

VoLuME 31, Part 3

THE ACANTHACEAE OF

COLOMBIA, III

vA
By EMERY C. LEONARD

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UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1958

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25,D.C. - Price $1.75 (paper)

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

PREFACE

Part I of the Acanthaceae of Colombia, comprising the subfamilies
Nelsonioideae, Mendoncioideae, and Thunbergioideae and the five
tribes of the first series, Contortae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae,
was published as Part 1 of Volume 31, Contributions from the United
States National Herbarium, pp. 1-117, June 8, 1951. Part II, Con-
tributions from the United States National Herbarium, Volume 31,
Part 2, pp. 119-322, 1953, included the first five tribes of the second
series, Imbricatae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae. Part III consists
of a treatment of the remaining three tribes of the second series,
Imbricatae, of the subfamily Acanthoideae. These tribes consist of
17 genera and 160 species, of which 126 species are described as new.
Also included in Part III are supplements to Parts I and II. The
supplement to Part I includes 10 new species, while that of Part II has
20 new species. Part III concludes the treatment of the Colombian
Acanthaceae.

JASON R. SwALLEN,
Head Curator, Department of Botany,
United States National Museum.
II

CONTENTS

Page
Introduction.......--..-____-_------------------------------------ 323
Systematic treatment ___.....-------------------------------------- 323

Subfamily Acanthoideae (continued from Part 2)._...------------- 323
Series Imbricatae (continued from Part 2)_--------------------- 323
Tribe Odontonemeae__________.---------------------------- 325
Subtribe Diclipterinae__-__.----------------------------- 325
Tetramerium_.....---------------------------------- 325
Dicliptera____-.-.---------------------------------- 327

Subtribe Odontoneminae___......------------------------ 387
Odontonema_._..------------ woe eee eee eee ee eee eee 388
Razisea_........------------------------------------ 400
Siphonoglossa_._------:----------------------------- 402

Tribe Isoglosseae__....---.-------------------------------- 404
Subtribe Porphyrocominae- --.--------------------------- 404
Fittonia.__.____-----------.------------------------ 405
Kalbreyeriella..........------------------------------ 408
Syringidium......---------------------------------- 415
Megaskepasma_____..--------------------------------- 417

Subtribe Isoglossinae___...------------------------------ 418
Habracanthus__-.----- oe eee eee ee eee nnn ee nee eee 419
Hansteinia________---------.------------------------ 484
Stenostephanus___.---------------------------------- 486

Tribe Justicieae_____.________--...------------------------- 487
Justicia______..-_------__-------------------------- 487
Pelecostemon._____---------------------------------- 648
Jacobinia____________--_---------------------------- 650
Chaetochlamys_.......-------------------------------- 659
Chaetothylar__.....--------------------------------- 662
Supplement_____.___._-.------------------------------------------ 671
“Part 1______________--_-__------------------------------------- 671
Part 2_.___-__________ ee == - +e 698
Appendix__.___...__---------------------------------------------- 751
List of Numbered Specimens, Parts 1-3_---.----------------------- 751
Errata, Parts 1 and 2_______-_----------------------------------- 770
Index_________________-__-_-_---_---_------------------------------ 775

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURES

Page
119. Tetramerium nervosum Nees - - -------- Woe eee ee Woe eee 326
120. Dicliptera trianae Leonard_------------------------------------ _ 833
121. Dicliptera sciaphila Leonard-_----------------------------------- 335
122. Dicliptera uribet Leonard...------------------------------------ 338
123. Dicliptera bogotensis Leonard ----..----------------------------- 340
124. Dicliptera caucensis Leonard_----------------------------------- 342
125. Dicliptera conformis Leonard -----.---.-------------------------- 344
126. Dicliptera ochrochlamys Leonard - ----~.---~---------------------- 347
127. Dicliptera cuatrecasasit Leonard_------.------------------------- 348
128. Dicliptera killipii Leonard_...---------------------------------- 351
129. Dicliptera driophila Leonard_-_---------------------------------- 353
130. Dicliptera garciae Leonard_..-..-------------------------------- 355
131. Dicliptera ewanti Leonard..-..-..------------------------------- 357
132. Dicliptera haughtit Leonard_-- -- Woe eee eee eee --- 359
132a. Dicliptera koiet Leonard. ------------ Woe ee eee eee eee eee 361
133. Dicliptera danielii Leonard ----.-------------------------------- 363
134. Dicliptera scandens Leonard ------------------------ _2---------- 365
135. Dicliptera sarcochroma Leonard --.------------------------------- 367
136. Dicliptera hazenit Leonard ------------------------------------- 370
137. Dicliptera inamoena Leonard. ----..---------------------------- 372
138. Dicliptera megalochlamys Leonard - -- --------------------------- 374
139. Dicliptera batilliformis Leonard - --- -~--.-------------------------- 377
140. Dicliptera sanctae-martae Leonard -.----.------------------------- 379
141. Dicliptera rhombochlamys Leonard. ------------------------------ 381
142. Dicliptera nanodes Leonard_---..-------------------------------- 382
143. Dicliptera columbiana Leonard. --------------------------------- 384
144, Dicliptera compacta Leonard.----------------------------------- 386
145. Odontonema coccineum Leonard ---------.----------------------- 389
146. Odontonema stenostachyum Leonard_-.-_...----------------------- 392
147. Odontonema ampelocaule Leonard_-_.---..------------------------ 394
148. Razisea spicata Oerst.----.------------------------------------- 401
149. Siphonoglossa calcarea Leonard._..-__.-------------------------- 403
150. Fittonia argyroneura Coem._------..-.-------------------------- 406
151. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae Leonard --_...-------------------------- 409
152. Kalbreyeriella gigas Leonard_--._-------------------------------- 414
153. Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau._---.------------------------ 416
154. Megaskapasma erythrochlamys Lindau-_-_-------------------------- 418
155. Habracanthus syscius Leonard ------.--------------------------- 422
156. Habracanthus trichotus Leonard_-_------------------------------ 424
157. Habracanthus cuatrecasasit Leonard___--------------------------- 427
158. Habracanthus aglatis Leonard_---------------------------------- 429
159. Habracanthus pycnostachys Leonard_--- ~~~ ----------------------- 431

VII ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
160. Habracanthus hispidulus Leonard..___.._-..--------------------- 433
161. Habracanthus heliophtlus Leonard__-...-----..--.-.-.-------_-_-- 435
162. Habracanthus erythranthus Leonard__.__........_-______________. 438
163. Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard_._._._..-_..-_--------.----- 440
164. Habracanthus floriferus Leonard_.__..---------------------.----- 442
165. Habracanthus callianthus Leonard_-_._..-_-----_--------.-.-_-_- 444
166. Habracanthus pilosus Leonard_____.._-----------------_-__----- 446
167. Habracanthus killipit Leonard_.__....._-----------------___-_-- 448
168. Habracanthus charien Leonard__.......--.-.--.---------_-_-------- 450
169. Habracanthus smithii Leonard__._._...-........----_---_----_-__- 453
169a. Habracanthus xanthothriz Leonard.______.___...----------.---_- 455
170. Habracanthus zantholeucus Leonard_.__-_-.-.--------..----_____- 457
171. Habracanthus ampelinus Leonard.____.---------..---.---------_- 459
172. Habracanthus caucensts Leonard_._..-.--------.----------------- 461
173. Habracanthus antipharmacus Leonard._..........---------_------ 463
174. Habracanthus oresbius Leonard___.......-.._._-----_---_----_--___ 467
175. Habracanthus coret Leonard_..-...-.-.------------------------_- 469
176. Habracanthus lamprus Leonard_...._....--------------------__-_- 471
177. Habracanthus congestus Leonard___...._-.---------.----------_-_- 473
178. Habracanthus pennellit Leonard___.___-_-_-_---.-..--------____- 475
179. Habracanthus microcalyxr Leonard___._.-.----.-.-.---------_-_-- 478
180. Habracanthus hylobius Leonard_.-._-_-.----.-- woe eee e eee eee 480
181. Habracanthus scolnikae Leonard_......-.--.....--_-_-_-------___- 482
182. Hansteinia charitopes Leonard. __....--- Doe ee ee ee eee sees esse eee 485
183. Justicia cystolithosa Leonard_.........-...-.-_------_----_-_-_____ 494
184. Justicia chlorostachya Leonard_.._.....-.--_-_-_-----_-_-_______ 496
185. Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard__._....._...--------------______. 499
186, Justicia charadrophila Leonard__._....-.-.---_-.-------_-_-____- 502
187. Justicia oreopola Leonard_-___._..---------------------------_-_- 504
188, Justicia archert Leonard_______- eee eee -----ee wee eee eee eee eee 507
189. Justicia blackit Leonard_..__...._-_.----_--.-.----_---___-____- 509
190. Justicia infeliz Leonard_______......----.--------__---___-____- 511
191. Justicia fuchsiifolia Leonard___..___..-.-.-.-_.-----_---___-____. 516
192. Justicia neurochlamys Leonard_____...-_-_.-.-..-._._-_-_______.. 518
193. Justicia rhodoides Leonard______.-_._..-.---_----_---_----_____. 520
194. Justicia daidalea Leonard______________-__-_---.------__________- 522
195. Justicia aéthes Leonard____._______.___-_-___.------ 525
196. Justicia chrysocoma Leonard and J. rohriit Vahl_.________________- 527
197. Justicia chrysea Leonard_____._.___._-__-_____.__-___--_______._- 530
198. Justicia croceochlamys Leonard_...__........__.---_-__----____._- 533
199. Justicia chaponensis Leonard_________._.--_-__.______________._. 537
200. Justicia unguiculata Leonard____...._....._-..._-__-_--__--_____. 539
201. Justicia pampolystachys Leonard____.__.....-.-_-___-____________. 542
202. Justicia hyperdasya Leonard_______._.-_._-____________________. 544
203. Justicia schultesti Leonard______.__.__-_-...-.._-______________- 546
204. Justicia erythrantha Leonard________._.__.-...._-_-___-________. 550
205. Justicia leptochlamys Leonard________.-_-._.-.-....------_--_____ 552
206. Justicia gutterrezit Leonard.______._____-__--_-____.___________. 554
207. Justicia macarenensis Leonard____._.__.____-_---.----.---______ 556
208. Justicia pharmacodes Leonard..._.........-----------_-________- 559
209. Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard__...._....--_-----.---.-________. 561

210. Justicia xanthostachya Leonard__.___._____.-__-______.__________ 563

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED StatTEs NaTIONAL HERBARIUM

Vo.tumeE 31

THE ACANTHACEAE
OF COLOMBIA

By EMERY C. LEONARD

Associate Curator of Phanerogams

United States National Museum

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION e WASHINGTON, D.C. * 1958

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MusEuM

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1958

Publications of the United States National Herbarium

The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled “Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,”
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the Na-
tional Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed respon-
sibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series
where issued by the Department of Agriculture.

REMINGTON KELLOGG,
Director, United States National Museum.

III

ERrata—Part $3

Page 426, line 9 from bottom: For “ultimal” read “ultimae.”
Page 487, line 9 from bottom: For “adhatoda” read “hyssopifolia.”
Page 770, after line 1 insert the following line:
Page 3, line 17: For “Jacobinia magnifica” read “Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.)
Nicholson.”
Page 772, line 14: For “Page ii” read “Page iii.”
Page 776, Index : For “Cyphaeanthus” read ““Cyphacanthus.”
Iv

CONTENTS

Page
Part 1. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, I: Subfamilies Nel-
sonioideae, Mendoncioideae, Thunbergioideae,
Acanthoideae. (Published June 8,1951) . . . 1-117
Part 2. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, II: Subfamily
Acanthoideae, continued. (Published Novem-
ber 10,1953) . 2. 2. 2 2 ee ee ee ee 119-322
Part 3. The Acanthaceae of Colombia, III: Subfamily
Acanthoideae, completed. (Published February
41958)... ee 323-781

The Acanthaceae of Colombia

211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244,
245.
246.
247.
248.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Justicia cabrerae Leonard. .------------------------------------
Justicia leucerythra Leonard------------------------------------
Justicia enarthrocoma Leonard ----------------------------------
Justicia sanchezioides Leonard - ---------------------------------
Justicia homoea Leonard_-_-.-----------------------------------
Justicia porphyrocoma Leonard -- - ------------------------------
Justicia sciota Leonard__..-------------------------------------
Justicia phlebophylla Leonard_----------------------------------
Justicia malacophylla Leonard - - - - ------------------------------
Justicia pelianthia Leonard-------------------------------------
Justicia anabasa Leonard _.-.------------------------------------
Justicia aurantiaca Leonard. -----------------------------------
Justicia jacobinioides Leonard _---------------------------------
Justicia novogranatensis Leonard-_---.----------------------------
Justicia atacta Leonard... --------------------------------------
Justicia ephemera Leonard. - - ------------------------------7----
Justicia chloanantha Leonard. ---------------------------------
Justicia helonoma Leonard_-_------------------------------------
Justicia namatophila Leonard. - ---------------------------------
Justicia idiogenes Leonard_--_--------------------------------7---
Justicia fusagasugana Leonard_---------------------------------
Justicia scytophylla Leonard------------------------------------
Justicia killipit Leonard ---------------------------------------
Justicia graphophylla Leonard - - - -------------------------------
Justicia petraea Leonard. - -------------------------------7-7777
Justicia sterea Leonard.__-.-------------------------------------
Justicia sciera Leonard_------------------------------------7---
Justicia stereostachya Leonard_----------------------------------
Justicia hodgei Leonard_-------------------------------------7-
Justicia hygrobia Leonard -----------------------------------7-7--
Pelecostemon trianae Leonard_----------------------------------
Jacobinia axiologa Leonard-------------------------------------
Jacobinia amphibola Leonard _---.-------------------------------
Chaetochlamys columbiensis Leonard -- - - -------------------------
Chaetothylax leucanthus Leonard_.-.-----------------------------
Chaetothylax haughtii Leonard - - - ------------------------------>-
Chaetothylax huilensis Leonard-.-.- -------------------------------
Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard. ---------------------------------

248a. Mendoncia trichota Leonard_-_-_-.--------------------------------
248b, Mendoncia phalacra Leonard. - --------------------------------
248c. Mendoncia garciae Leonard -.----------------------------------

249.

Hygrophila tyttha Leonard_---------------------------------777-

249a. Ruellia aurantiaca Leonard-.-----------------------------------

250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.

Ruellia grantii Leonard ----------------------------------777777
Ruellia macarenensis Leonard... = -------------------------------
Ruellia gorgonensis Leonard - - -- --------------------------7-777-
Teliostachya petraea Leonard.-.---------------------------77-77--
Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees- -------------------------77-7-77
Aphelandra grangeri Leonard - - -------------------------------7-
Aphelandra gilva Leonard. ----------------------------------->>
Aphelandra andrei Leonard_------------------------------------
Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard-------------------------------7--

x ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
259. Aphelandra fosbergit Leonard_...._.___.___...__....-........... 711
260. Aphelandra phalacra Leonard_____.__._______..__........_...... 713
261. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard_..-..______._..................... 715
262. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard_....________................... 717
263. Aphelandra grantii Leonard_..__._____.._.__................... 719
264. Aphelandra coccinantha Leonard__..__.______....._....._....... 722
265. Aphelandra trichota Leonard__......_____._...__................ 724
266. Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard._..__....________................ 727
267. Pseuderanthemum ctenospermum Leonard_._....._...____......... 732
268. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium Leonard____...._......_..__.._... 735
269. Pseuderanthemum diachylum Leonard_._.-..____.__.....__....... 738
270. Pseuderanthemum cladodes Leonard...--_..___................... 740
271. Pseuderanthemum galbanum Leonard._--_....._.................. 742
272. Pseuderanthemum micranthum Leonard______.._........__.__.... 744
273. Pseuderanthemum thelothriz Leonard...._______.........._...... 747
274. Pseuderanthemum chocoense Leonard__--.___.-...-............... 749

THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

By Emery C. LEONARD

INTRODUCTION

The remaining three tribes of the series Imbricatae, which are
treated in this part of “The Acanthaceae of Colombia”, are as follows:

11. Odontonemeae
12. Isoglosseae
13. Justicieae

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT
Subfamily 4. ACANTHOIDEAE (continued from Part 2) !

Series B. IMBRICATAE

The following artificial key will separate the genera of the Series
Imbricatae, which are treated in Parts I and III of this monograph.

Anthers with 2 fertile cells.

Stamens 4.___------------------------ or 21. Asystasia
Stamens 2.
Staminodes present.
Corolla limb equally or subequally 5-lobed - - - - - 23. Pseuderanthemum
Corolla limb 2-lipped.
Bracts small and inconspicuous--- - - -------------- 26. Odontonema
Bracts large and conspicuous- - - ----------------- 22. Pachystachys

Staminodes absent.
Stems 6-angled; calyx subtended by two partially unit d bracts; placenta
separating from the mature capsule valves_-.-------- 25. Dicliptera
Stems subterete or subquadrangular; bracts distinct; placenta remaining
attached to the capsule valves.
Costa and veins of the leaf blades conspicuously colored.. 29. Fittonia
Costa and veins of the leaf blades not conspicuously colored.
Flowers borne in short spikes, these forming a congested head ter-
minating the tips of the branches- ------- 39. Chaetochlamys
Flowers variously disposed, if forming spikes these not contracted
into a dense terminal head.
Corolla tube very slender, not exceeding 1 mm. in diameter.
28. Siphonoglossa
Corolla tube not noticeably slender, usually more than 1 mm.
in diameter.

—— ee
IE, C. Leonard, Contr, U. 8. Nat. Herb. 31, pt. 2:1 119-322, 1953,
323

324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Anther lobes superposed, often obliquely affixed and at least
the lower one apiculate or calcarate..___ 36. Justicia
Anther lobes slightly, if at all, superposed, parallel, muticous.
Bracts large and brilliantly colored... 32. Megaskepasma
Bracts, if large, not brilliantly colored.
Spikes 4-angled, the bracts quadrifarious, conspicuous,
ciliate, cuspidate__...______._______ 24, Tetramerium
Spikes, if present, not as above_____..___ 38. Jacobinia
Anthers with 1 fertile cell.
Lower cell of anther vestigial.
Vestigial cell similar to the upper fertile cell but much smaller and sterile
or in some species reduced to a short hairlike organ... 40. Chaetothylax
Vestigial cell represented by a thin triangular wing._ 37. Pelecostemon
Lower cell of anther lacking.
Stamens 2.
Upper lip of the corolla relatively long and narrow.
Inflorescence spicate; lower lip of the corolla triangular, the tip acute

and minutely trilobate._.-.-....______..____ 30. Kalbreyeriella
Inflorescence paniculate; lower lip of the corolla oblong-cuneate, with
a rounded trilobate tip..._.-__-___.___._____ 33. Habracanthus

Upper lip of the corolla relatively short and often lobelike.
Upper lip of the corolla abruptly bent, the corolla appearing obliquely
truncate; flowers borne in a narrow spikelike raceme.
27. Razisea
Upper lip of the corolla more or less erect, not abruptly bent; flowers
borne in panicles.
Tip of the upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed______ 31. Syringidium
Tip of the upper lip of the corolla entire.
Panicles loose; corollas relatively long, the expanded portion oblong.
34, Hansteinia
Panicles dense and narrow; corolla short, the expanded portion

subeylindric_____.___--___________.__. 35. Stenostephanus
Stamens 4.
Corolla lobes subequal, spreading.
Bracts pink or white; plants shrubby__________ 15. Neriacanthus
Bracts usually green; plants herbaceous________ 16. Stenandrium
Corollas 2-lipped.
Calyx 3-parted__---_...______..... --...-... 19. Cyphacanthus

Calyx 5-parted.

Pollen grains spherical, the surfaces divided into tetragons.

18. Encephalosphaera
Pollen grains elongated, cleft.

Pollen grains with 3 longitudinal clefts, often with a pore in each
eleft__-.-- 2-2 17. Aphelandra
Pollen grains with the clefts much broader and flatter (i. e., stave-
shaped), each containing a pore______ 20. Rhombochlamys

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 325

Tribe 11. ODONTONEMEAB

Odontonemeae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47. 1893; Engl. & Prantl
Pflanzenf. IV, 3b. 287. 1895.

Lindau defines this tribe as having “Spangenpollen”’ (9 longitudinal
ribs arranged in 3 groups, the middle one of each group broader than
the flanking ones and containing a pore) and 2 or occasionally 4
stamens.

Subtribe 11a. Diclipterinae
Diclipterinae Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV, 3b: 287, 331. 1895.

Herbs or shrubs; flowers (in Dicliptera) subtended by 2 pairs or
more of partly united bracts forming an involucre, the bractlets
often indistinguishable; calyx of 4 or 5 segments, these usually hyaline
or colored; corolla 2-lipped, the anthers 2-or 1-celled (2-celled in
Tetramerium and Dicliptera); capsules 2- or 4-seeded, the placenta
separating from the capsule walls at maturity. Of this subtribe 2
genera are represented in Colombia:

24, Tetramerium
25. Dicliptera

24. TETRAMERIUM Nees

Tetramerium Nees in Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 147. 1844. The epithet is from the
Greek rerpapep}s, 4-parted, and refers to the closely imbricated quadrifarious
bracts of the spikes. Tetramertum is a nomen conservandum, with the type
designated as T. polystachyum Nees.

Fruticose or suffruticose; stems usually much branched, the pubes-
cence often disposed in 2 opposite lateral lines; leaves sessile or petioled,
the blades linear to ovate, entire, glabrous or pubescent; flowers borne
in terminal or axillary 4-angled spikes, the bracts conspicuous, usually
closely imbricate, opposite, ciliate, cuspidate at tip; calyx 4- or 5-
parted, the segments ciliate; corollas infundibuliform to tubular, the
tube straight or slightly curved, the upper lip entire or emarginate,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes nearly equal; stamens 2, included, the
anther sacs slightly converging toward the apex, one a little longer than
the other; capsules obovate, apiculate, contracted below into a solid
base, usually hispid and 4-seeded (sometimes 2-seeded); seeds flat-
tened, tuberculate or muriculate.

About 25 species have been established in this genus. Its range
extends from the southern United States to Colombia and Ecuador.

1. Tetramerium nervosum Nees Figure 119

Tetramerium nervosum Nees, in Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 148, pl. 48. 1844.

Type collected at Puna, near Guayaquil, Ecuador, by Sinclair. The specific
epithet alludes to the strongly nerved bracts.

326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Blechum angustius Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 467. 1847. Type collected at
Cartagena, Department of Bolfvar, Colombia, January-February 1826, by
Billberg (No. 1) (Isotype 8). Cf. Leonard, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 31: 63.
1951.

Branched suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high, the branches
spreading, slender; stems subterete, pubescent to glabrate, the hairs
white, spreading, up to 1 mm. long but usually shorter, sometimes
disposed in two rows, the younger portions of the stems bearing
numerous subpunctiform cystoliths, the bark, with age, separating
into thin strips or shreds; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and
3 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself obtuse or acute, some-
times subapiculate), subcordate or rounded at base, the upper surface

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a

c*

ii
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fo

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ALY ND)
HS
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Figure 119.—Tetramerium nervosum Nees (a-c, Haught 4760; d-f, Pennell 4026): a, Tip
of plant; b, bract; c, bractlet; d, corolla; ¢, valve of capsule; f, seed. (a, Half natural
size; b-d, natural size; ¢, f, about twice natural size.)

sparingly hirsute with ascending straight or curved hairs about 0.5
min. long, the costa and veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent and more
or less puberulous with minute appressed hairs, the lower surface
sparingly hirsute to glabrate; petioles slender, up to 2.5 cm. long,
pilose (the hairs spreading, up to 1 mm. long) or the channel puber-
ulous; spikes terminal, up to 20 cm. long or more, 2 cm. broad, the
rachis densely hirsute to glabrate; bracts rotund-ovate to ovate, up to
12 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, short-acuminate and cuspidate (the tip

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 327

more or less recurved, the cusp 0.5 to 1 mm. long), rounded or abruptly
contracted below the middle to a subpetiolate base, sparingly hispid-
ulous, the smaller hairs intermixed with white spreading or ascending
ones up to 2 mm. long, the margins strongly hispid-ciliate, the hairs
jointed, white, up to 2.5 mm. long, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral veins
prominent; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, about 2 mm. long and 0.5
mm. wide at base, acuminate, hispid-ciliate; calyx lobes 4, linear-
lanceolate, 2 to 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base; corolla white or
purplish white, 10 mm. long, essentially glabrous, the lips about 5.5
mm. long, the upper one oblong-obovate and emarginate, the lower lip
3-lobed, the lobes oblong-obvate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long and 1.8 mm. wide,
rounded at tip; capsules clavate, 5 mm. long, 1.8 mm. broad, 1.5 mm.
thick, minutely hirsute, the narrowed base about 2 mm. long; seeds 4,
whitish to dark brown, flattened, 1.5 mm. long and 1.2 mm. broad,
strongly papillose.

Plants of this species are variable in aspect. During the earlier
stages they are leafy, the bark firm, and the spikes moderately long,
varying from 2 to 5 cm. in length. With age the leaves usually drop,
the spikes often elongate, and the bark parts from the stem in thin
shreds.

Partial to thickets or open hillsides either in dry or damp situations.
Limited apparently to low altitudes. Central America to northern
South America.

Bottvar: La Popa, Billberg 1 (S$). San Ldzaro, Billberg s. n. (S). Sincé,
Pennell 4026 (GH, US).

Macapauena: Barro Blanco, Haught 4760 (US). Bonda, H. H. Smith 1408
(GH, Ph, NY, S, US). Gaira, H. H. Smith (NY). La Paz, Haught 3931 (US).

Playa Brava, H. H. Smith 1973 (GH, Ph, NY, US).
SANTANDER: Bucaramanga, Araque & Barkley 188.316 (US), 188.321 (US).

25. DICLIPTERA Juss.

Dicliptera Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 9: 267. 1807. ArxXls, double-folding, i. e., having
two valves and rrepév, wing, alluding to the two recurved apparently winged
valves of the dehisced capsules. Dicliptera is a nomen conservandum, the
type of which is designated as D. chinensis (L.) Juss. (Justicia chinensis L.).

Stems more or less hexagonal in cross section; leaf blades entire
or undulate, mostly ovate, petioled; flowers 1 to several, borne in
often contracted cymes, these forming spikes or panicles subtended by

a involucre of 2-4 pairs of conspicuous bracts; calyx 5-parted, hyaline;

corollas narrow, slightly ampliate, the limb 2-lipped; stamens 2, the

anther sacs often unequal, the longer one sometimes calcarate at
base; staminodes none; capsules ovate or suborbicular, the placentae
separating elastically from their walls and rupturing, on dehiscence,

the cell wall of the capsule valve; seeds 2 or 4.

328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Nearly 300 species of this genus have been described from the
tropical and temperate regions of the world. The species are easily
recognized by the hexagonal stems and the flattened bracted reduced

cymes.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

A. Bracts subtending the cymules narrow, cuneate.
Flowers secund, borne in lax spikes, these forming large branched terminal

panicles.
Outer pair of bracts subtending the flowers subulate_____ 1, D. assurgens
Outer pair of bracts subtending the flowers oblong to oblong-spathulate,
abruptly acute at tip-_-.--_._.__.--. 2-8 2. D. vahliana

Flowers borne in peduncled or subsessile flattened compound cymes.
Cymes loose, 3-parted, the peduncles slender, up to 4.5 cm. long.
3. D. trianae
Cymes compact, usually composed of 5 or more cymules, sessile or
subsessile, crowded in dense axillary clusters.
B. Bracts subtending the cymules conspicuously ciliate, the hairs 0.75
to 1 mm. long.
C. Outer bracts subtending the cymules acute, not cuspidate; corollas
2 to 3 cm. long, often red.

Capitula axillary; corollas 3 cm. long__._________ 4, D. sciaphila
Capitula axillary and terminal, the uppermost aggregated; corollas
2 cm. long.
Outer bracts of the cymules densely ciliate, 12 mm. long.
5. D. uribei

Outer bracts of the cymules sparingly ciliate, 15 mm. long.
6. D. bogotensis
C. Outer bracts subtending the cymules cuspidate; corollas usually
light purplish, 1 to 2.5 em. long.
Leaf blades, at least the uppermost, obtuse or rounded, conspicu-

ously mucronate________________-_____________. 7. D. pilosa
Leaf blades acute, subobtuse or acuminate, not conspicuously
mucronate,

D. Stems hirtellous or pilosulous, the hairs 0.5 mm, long, the
angles acute or narrowly winged, light greenish.
Outer bracts subtending the cymules lanceolate, the cusp 1.5

mm. long, acute.________._--._________. 8. D. caucensis
Outer bracts subtending the cymules oblanceolate, subobtuse,
the cusp 0.75 mm, long_-_______________ 9. D. conformis

D. Stems sparingly pubescent or glabrate, the hairs 0.25 mm.
long or less, the angles rounded.
Outer bracts subtending the cymules thin, whitish except the
tip, the posterior one about 9 mm. long
10. D. ochrochlamys
Outer bracts subtending the cymules firm, green, except the
whitish base, the posterior bract 13 mm. long.
11. D. cuatrecasasii
B. Bracts subtending the “eymules not conspicuously ciliate, or if so,
the hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm. long.
E. Stems pilosulous or hirtellous, the hairs spreading or retrorsely
curved.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 329

Outer cymule bracts cuspidate.
Tip of the cymule bracts abruptly cuspidate- --- 12. D. killipu
Tip of cymule bracts gradually narrowed to cusp- - 13. D. driophila
Outer cymule bracts acute or apiculate, not cuspidate.
Posterior cymule bract oblanceolate, 2.25 mm. at its widest part;
basal portion of the cymules yellowish green..-- 14. D. garciae
Posterior cymule bract lanceolate, 3.5 mm. at its widest part;
basal portion of the cymules green or greenish white.
Costa of smaller cymule bract bearing at least a few spreading
hairs up to 1.25 mm. long------------ 6. D. bogotensis
Costa of cymule bracts not long-pilose.
Lower surface of leaf blades glabrous or sparingly puberulous.
Corollas dull carmine, yellow in throat. 15. D. ewantt
Lower surface of leaf blades rather densely puberulous or sub-

tomentose.
Outer bract subtending the cymule subobtuse and api-
culate_____.-------------------------- 16. D. haughts
Outer bract subtending the cymule acute.-.. 17. D. kotet
E. Stems glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs minute, curved or
appressed.
Outer bract subtending cymule cuspidate---. 11. D. cuatrecasastt

Outer bract subtending cymule acute, not cuspidate.
Nerves of the outer cymule bract prominent, hirtellous, intercostal

area subglabrous_------------------------- 18. D. danielit
Nerves of the outer cymule bract obscure, the pubescence evenly
distributed.

Capitula mostly terminal, forming a rounded headlike thyrse.
19. D. scandens
Capitula mostly axillary, only the uppermost aggregated to form
a narrow spikelike thyrse.
Leaf blades large, up to 16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, thin.
20. D. sarcochroma
Leaf blades smaller, up to 8 em. long and 3 cm. wide, firm.
Inner surface of the outer bracts subtending the cymule

moderately to densely puberulous - ----- 21. D. hazenis
Inner surface of the outer bract subtending the cymule
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous- - - --- 22. D. inamoena

A. Bracts subtending the cymules broad, ovate.
Posterior cymule bract up to 23 mm. long and 25 mm. wide.
Basal portion of peduncle below joint up to 15 mm. long, the cymes

usually 3-parted_---------------------------- 23. D. megalochlamys
Basal portion of peduncle below joint up to 5 mm. long, the cymes
2-parted_.-.---------------------------------- 24. D. batilliformis

Posterior cymule bracts up to 16 mm. long and 17 mm. wide.
Cymule bracts thin, rounded or obtuse and apiculate.
25. D. sanctae-martae
Cymule bracts firm, acute to obtuse.
Cymule bracts narrowed at base.
Stems and peduncles puberulous-_------------- 26. D. rhombochlamys
Stems and peduncles glabrous----------------------- 27. D. nanodes

888179—57—_—2

330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Cymule bracts truncate or shallowly cordate at base.
Cymes solitary, mostly 2-parted__..___________ 28. D. columbiana
Cymes several, crowded in the axils; usually 3-parted.
29. D. compacta
1. Dicliptera assurgens (L.) Juss.

Justicia assurgens L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 850. 1759. Type locality: Jamaica.
The specific epithet is from the Latin “assurgere,” to rise up, in allusion to
the ascending stems.

Dicliptera assurgens Juss. in Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 269. 1807. Based
on Justicia assurgens L.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems erect or ascending, up to 5 mm.
thick toward base, hexagonal toward tip, sulcate, the angles narrowly
winged, prominent, the internodes glabrous, the stipular lines bearing
a few small hairs; leaf blades ovate, up to 5 em. long and 2.5 em.
wide or the lowermost larger, all acute or short-acuminate at tip,
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) bearing a few
scattered hairs, the cystoliths rather prominent; petioles slender, up
to 2 cm. long or more, the channel sparingly pubescent with small
curved hairs; flowers usually solitary, more or less secund in lax
spikes, these forming large terminal much branched panicles, the
rachis glabrous or bearing a few minute scattered whitish disk-tipped
hairs, the basal internodes 1 to 2 cm. long, the others successively
shorter toward tip of branches, the branches of the panicles subtended
by leaves similar to the main stem leaves but smaller, the flowers
subtended by a pair of subulate bracts 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide
at base, glabrous or minutely ciliolate near base with papular hairs ;
involucre bracts 6, the two outermost lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, acuminate, puberulous, the papular hairs intermixed
with a few typical ones about 0.25 mm. long, the margins of the bracts
subhyaline, the 4 innermost segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long and
0.5 mm. wide, densely papillose, the papillae intermixed with occa-
sional larger mushroom-like glandular hairs; calyx subhyaline,
2.5 mm. long, the segments triangular, 1 mm. long, acute, ciliate,
the hairs about 115 yw long, the midrib of the bracts prominent,
green; corollas red or orange-scarlet, finely pubescent, 3.5 em. long,
slightly curved, the tube 2 em. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, thence
gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, the lips about equal, 1.5 em.
long and about 6 mm. wide at base, thence gradually narrowed to 1.5
mm, near tip, the upper lip erect, rounded and entire at tip, the lower
lip recurved, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes low, about 0.75 mm. long, the
middle one 0.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones somewhat narrower, all
rounded; stamens reaching almost to the tip of the upper lip of the
corolla, the filaments adhering to the dorsal portion of the tube to a
distance of about 15 mm., minutely pilose, the hairs becoming less

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 331

numerous towards the tip, the anthers oblong, 2.6 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide; capsules oval, 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick,
the sides flattened, the basal portion solid and 1.5 mm. long, obtuse at
tip, hirtellous, 2-seeded; seeds reddish brown, flattened, oval, about 2
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the surface roughened, bearing numerous
flat-tipped papilliform hairs; retinacula about 1 mm. long, subacute
at tip.

Pastures, meadows, waste places in general. Partial to more or
less damp sandy soil. West Indies and northern South America.

Att&ntico: Barrio del Prado, Barranquilla, Fosberg 21438 (US). Puerto
Colombia, Barkley & Gutiérrez 1857 (US). Hacienda Cachubana, Usiacurf,

Dugand & Garcta-Barriga 2371 (US).
MaapaLena: Rfo Frio, Santa Marta, Walker 1282 (US).

2. Dicliptera vahliana Nees

Dicliptera vahliana Nees in DC. Prodr, 11: 489. 1847. A number of cotypes
are cited, the first mentioned being that of Bertero collected at Santa Marta,
Colombia. The species was named in honor of Martin Vahl, a Swedish
botanist of the 18th century and a student of Linneaus. Vahl traveled
extensively in the West Indies and northern South America.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems erect or ascending, hexagonal (the
angles narrowly winged), drying green, thinly puberulous, the papular
hairs interspersed with scattered amber or whitish disk-tipped ones;
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide or the
lowermost larger, obtuse or short-acuminate at tip, apiculate, nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), these sparingly hirtel-
lous with appressed hairs; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the channels
hirtellous, the hairs 0.25 mm. long or less; flowers usually solitary,
more or less secund in lax spikes, these forming large much branched
panicles, the internodes glabrous or the uppermost thinly puberulous,
the papular hairs interspersed with minute glandular ones, the
branches of the panicle subtended by leaves similar to those of the
main stem but smaller, the flowers subtended by a pair of triangular
subulate bracts 1.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, glabrous;
involucre bracts 6, the outermost pair oblong to oblong-spathulate,
3 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, abruptly acute at tip, puberulous,
the papular hairs intermixed with scattered larger disk-tipped ones,
the innermost bracts lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
acuminate, densely papular-puberulous; calyx subhyaline, 2.6 mm.
long, campanulate, the segments triangular, 1 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, papular-puberulous or glabrous toward base; corollas red, finely
pubescent (the hairs 0.25 mm. long), 28 mm. long, the tube 15 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 1.5 mm. above
base, thence enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the lips about equal, 12 mm.

332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, the upper one erect, lanceolate, 6 mm. wide at base, gradually
narrowed to 1.5 mm. near tip (the tip itself obtuse), the lower lip
recurved, 4 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to 2 mm. near tip,
the tip itself terminated by 3 low rounded lobes about 0.25 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. wide; stamens partly enclosed by the upper lip of the
corolla and reaching to its apex, the filaments minutely pilose toward
base, the hairs retrorsely curved, about 0.25 mm. long, the anthers
2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, bearing a few minute marginal
hairs; capsules ovoid, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick
at base, narrowing to 0.5 mm. at tip, the solid stipitate basal portion
2 mm. long, the tip of the capsule emarginate and apiculate, the entire
surface except the basal portion rather densely pubescent, the hairs
retrorse, about 0.5 mm. long; seed light brown, oval, flattened, about
2 mm. long and broad, sparingly puberulous, the hairs papular and
retrorsely barbed.

Vernacular names are “canilla de laura,” and “canilla de golero”’
(Dugand & Jaramillo 2798).

Dicliptera vahliana is closely related to D. assurgens, but can be
easily separated by its oblong spathulate outer pair of involucre bracts.
In D. assurgens these are strictly subulate.

Fields, thickets and waste places in general. Southern United
States to northern South America and in the West Indies. Occurs
in low altitudes usually at or below 200 meters.

ATLANTICOo: Barranquilla, Bro. Paul B-26 (US); Lehmann 7849 (K). Arroyo
de Megua, Dugand & Jaramillo 2798 (US).

Botivar: Cartagena, Schott 5 (NY). Ro Sint, Pennell 4779 (NY). Sincé,
Pennell 4037 (NY). Turbaco, Pennell 4750 (NY).

Macpa.ena: Playa Brava, vicinity of Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1488 (Ph,
NY, US).

3. Dicliptera trianae Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 120

Herba, caulibus rectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris vel
parce hirtellis, pilis minutis, arcte adpressis; lamina foliorum lanceolata
vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi rotundata
vel angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, integra vel undulata,
chartaceo-membranacea, utrinque glabra vel parcissime hirtella,
subtus sub lente minute papillosa, costa et venis aliquanto pro-
minentibus; petioli graciles, glabri vel canale minute hirtelli; panicula
terminalis, laxa, cymis praecipue in paribus, tripartitis, pedunculis
usque ad 4.5 cm. longis, hexagonis, dense hirtellis, pilis rectis, patulis,
pilis glandulosis intermixtis; bracteae cymas subtendentes anguste
triangulares, acuminatae, carinatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae,
pedunculis cymularum inaequalibus, subhexagonis, dense hirtellis,
pilis acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis; bractea major exterior
cymulam subtendens triangulari-ovata, acuta, carinata, costa promi-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 333

nente, utrinque aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis rectis, patulis; bractea
minor exterior cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuminata (apice
saepe recurvato), costa prominente, utrinque hirtella, pilis acutis et
glandulosis intermixtis, bracteis ambis viridibus, marginibus deorsum
albidis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, marginibus
albidis, puberulae, pilis acutis et obtusis intermixtis; calycis segmenta
triangularia, acuta, albida, minute hirtella; corolla parva, hirtella,
tubo angusto, labiis subaequalibus, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis
parvis, suborbicularibus, subobtusis.

Herbs; stem erect or ascending, subhexagonal, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs closely appressed, minute; leaf blades lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, up to 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, acuminate

Ficure 120.—Dicliptera trianae Leonard (Triana, El Cauca): a, Second node from base of
inflorescence; b, one of a pair of bracts subtending the cyme; c, the larger of the outer
bracts subtending the cymules; d, marginal hairs of same; ¢, the smaller of the outer
bracts; f, one of the innermost bracts; g, calyx; h, marginal hairs of one of the segments.
(a, Natural size, b, c, e-g, twice natural size; d, 12 times natural size; A, 8 times natural
size.)

(the tip itself blunt), rounded or narrowed at base and briefly de-
current on the petiole, entire or undulate, firmly membranaceous,
both surfaces glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous, the lower surface
minutely papillate under lens, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs)
moderately conspicuous; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, glabrous or
the channels minutely hirtellous; flowers borne on narrow open panicles
up to 18 cm. long and 5 cm. broad or more, the cymes, usually in pairs,
loosely 3-parted, their peduncles up to 4.5 cm. long, hexagonal, densely
hirtellous, the hairs straight, spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long, some of
them gland-tipped; bracts subtending the cymes narrowly triangular,

334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

acuminate, carinate, about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at. base,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; peduncles of the cymules unequal,
the middle one up to 8 mm. long, the lateral ones about half as long,
all subhexagonal, densely hirtellous with a mixture of glandular and
eglandular straight spreading hairs up to 0.25 mm. long; outer bract
subtending the cymule triangular-ovate, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at
base, acute (the costa prominent), carinate, both surfaces rather
densely hirtellous, the hairs straight, erect, up to 0.25 mm. long;
smaller outer bract subtending the cymule lanceolate, 6 mm. long,
2 mm. wide at about 2 mm. above base, acuminate (the tip often
recurved), the costa prominent, both surfaces of the bract hirtellous
with a mixture of glandless and erect straight glandular hairs about
0.25 mm. long, both the outer bracts green except their white basal
margins; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide near base, green with whitish margins, acuminate, puberulous
with a mixture of sharp and bluntish hairs up to 0.2 mm. long; calyx
5 mm. long, puberulous with stoutish hairs rarely more than 125
long, the segments of the calyx narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long,
0.75 mm. wide at base, acuminate, whitish; ovary minutely hirtellous;
corolla about 12 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs spreading, about
0.2 mm. long, the tube narrow, about 2 mm. broad at mouth, the lips
subequal, about 4 mm. long, the lobes of the lower lip suborbicular
about 0.75 mm. long and broad, obtusish; capsules not seen.

Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in the De-
partment of Cauca, 1,000 meters altitude, February 1853, by J.
Triana (No. 4093.1-1). Isotype: K.

When compared with other Colombian species of the genus,
Dieliptera trianae is strikingly distinct in the character of its in-
florescence. The color of the corolla was not apparent in the dried
material of the type.

4, Dicliptera sciaphila Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 121

Suffrutex, caulibus obscure hexagonis, crasse sulcatis, glabris vel
bifariam pubescentibus, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata,
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, membrana-
cea, integra, parce pilosa, pilis saepe in costa et venis positis; petioli
graciles, subtus glabri, canali pubescente, pilis minutis et curvatis;
capitula axillaria, pedunculis aliquanto brevibus, bifariam pubescen-
tibus, pilis curvatis; cymula 5-flora, subsessilis; bracteae aliquanto
magnae, bractea exterior oblongo-elliptica, acuta, viridis, basi
angusta, albida, subtus parce et minute hirtella, supra puberula,
marginibus ciliata, pilis patulis, bractea interior similis sed minor;
bracteae interiores subulates, lanceolataec, acuminatae, ciliatae, pilis
albis et patulis; calyx (siccus) fulvus, segmentis anguste lanceolatis,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, LI 335

acuminatis, puberulis; corolla rubra, minute et parce pubescens,
labio superiore ovato, subacuto, labio inferiore trilobato; stamina v1x
exserta, filamentis glabris.

Suffrutescent; stems obscurely hexagonal, drying olive green,
coarsely sulcate, glabrous or pubescent, the hairs disposed in 2 lines,
curved, about 0.75 mm. long, the lowermost internodes about 10 cm.

Figure 121.—Dicliptera sciaphila Leonard (Cuatrecasas 214): a, Tip of branch; }, outer
bract; c, inner bract; d, hair from margin of inner bract; ¢, innermost bracts; f, calyx
segment; g, small portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence. (a-c, e-f,
Natural size; d, about 15 times natural size; g, about 25 times natural size.)

long, the others successively shorter toward tip of stems; leaf blades
oblong-ovate, up to 12 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip
ending in a sharp point or bluntish), narrowed at base and briefly
decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire, drying green, sparingly pilose,
the hairs straight or nearly so, up to 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly

336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

to costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), the cystoliths inconspicuous,
125 to 175 u long; petioles up to 4 cm. long, the lower surface glabrous,
the channel pubescent, the hairs small, recurved; flowers borne in
axillary peduncled cymes, the peduncle up to 1 cm. long, pubescent
in two lines, the hairs curved, about 0.25 mm. long, the cymules
5-flowered, subsessile; bracts rather large, the outer bract oblong-
elliptic, 17 mm. long, 5 mm. wide near the middle, acute, narrowed
at base, the inner bract smaller, lanceolate, 12 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, acuminate, both inner and outer bract green except at base,
this whitish and somewhat indurated, the lower surface of the larger
bract minutely hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the upper
surface of the larger bract and both surfaces of the smaller puberulous,
the margins more or less densely ciliate, the hairs up to 1 mm. long,
white, spreading, the middle and inner bracts about equal, lanceolate,
8 to 10 mm. long, 1.25 to 1.5?mm. wide, acuminate, puberulous
toward tip and ciliate, the marginal hairs up to.0.5 mm. long, white,
spreading; calyx 6 mm. long, drying dull brown, the segments nar-
rowly lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, acuminate, puberulous,
sparingly ciliate, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the hairs of the inner
surface appressed; corollas red, finely and rather sparingly pubescent
(the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long), 3 cm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. broad
near base, narrowed at 6 mm. above base to 1 mm., thence enlarged
to 7 mm. at throat, the lips about 1 cm. long, the upper ovate, about
5 mm. wide near base, acutish, the lower lip 3-lobed; stamens reaching
nearly to the tip of the upper lip, the filaments glabrous, the anthers
about 2 mm. long, the cells unequally attached; ovaries (eaten by
insects) and capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772775, collected in
dense forest of La Hondonada, Salto de Tequendama, Department of
Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,250 to 2,300 meters altitude, October 2,
1938, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 214).

The flowers of Dicliptera sciaphila are large for the genus. The
strongly ciliate bracts and dull lead-colored puberulous calyx (dried
material) furnish further diagnostic characters. The specific epit het
“sciaphila” (cxd, shade, and ¢iXos, loving) alludes to a preference to
dense forests.

5. Dicliptera uribei Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaurp 122

Herba, caulibus subhexagonis, bifariam hirtellis, pilis_ parvis,
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum anguste ovata, acute vel sub-
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, integra vel un-
dulata, subcoriacea, utrinque parce hirtella, pilis minutis, praecipue
in costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus positis, cystolithis minutis,
subnigris; petioli breves, subtus glabri, canale dense adpresso-piloso ;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 337

capitula axillaria et terminalia, sursum ageregata, thyrsum densum
angustum formantia, pedunculis brevibus angulatis, bifariam hirtellis;
bracteae cymulas subtendentes parvae, lanceolatae vel triangulares,
acutae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae, plus minusve ciliolatae; bractea
exterior cymulas subtendens oblanceolata, subacuta, basi angustata,
subcoriacea, ciliata, viridis (vel deorsum margine albida), supra
dense puberula, subtus subglabra vel in costa et nervis parce hirtella,
bractea interior lineari-lanceolata, acuta, basi leviter angustata, aliter
bracteae exteriori similis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, apice
acuminatae, puberulae, ciliatae, marginibus albidis et subhyalinis;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuta, utrinque puberula;
corolla 2 cm. longe, parce pilosula, pilis patulis, rectis vel leviter
curvatis, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore apice obtuso, inferiore trilobato, lobis parvis rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis deorsum parce pilosulis; capsulae
ovatae, planae, apice obtusae, apiculatae, hirtellae, pilis rectis,
patulis vel deorsum retrorsis.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems subhexagonal, hirtellous
in 2 lines, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely curved; leaf blades
(only the uppermost present) narrowly ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 2
cm. wide below middle, acute or subacuminate, narrowed at base
and decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, firm, both surfaces
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, curved, ascending,
confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins, these moderately con-
spicuous, more so beneath than above, the cystoliths obscure, minute,
blackish, up to 250 » long; petioles up to 8 mm. long, glabrous beneath,
the channel densely appressed pilose, the hairs light greenish yellow,
about 0.25 mm. long; capitula axillary and terminal, the uppermost
forming a spikelike terminal thyrse 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 to 3 cm. broad,
the peduncles up to 3 mm. long, angular, hirtellous in 2 lines, the
lowermost capitula sometimes compound, the secondary capitula
borne on peduncles up to 2.5 cm. long, these subhexagonal and pilos-
ulous in 2 lines; bracts subtending the cymes small, those of the
lowermost cymes leaflike, lanceolate, 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acute,
petioled at base, firm, veiny, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate, the bracts
subtending the upper cymes smaller, narrowly triangular, about 3 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide at base, glabrous, sparingly ciliate, the posterior
outer bract subtending the cymules oblanceolate, 12 mm. long, 4 mm.
wide at 5 mm. below tip, subacute, narrowed at base, firm, green or
with a narrow whitish marginal area near base, ciliate (the hairs up to
1.2 mm. long, spreading, straight), the inner surface densely puber-
ulous, the outer subglabrous or the costa and predominating pair of
lateral veins sparingly hirtellous, the anterior outer bract linear-
lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 2.25 mm. wide at middle, acute, slightly

338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

narrowed at base, in other respects similar to the posterior bract,
the innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 6.5 mm. long, 1 to 1.25
mm. wide at 3 mm. above base, the tip slender, puberulous, the
margins ciliate, the hairs white, spreading, up to 1 mm. long, the
marginal area of the bracts, except at tip, whitish and subhyaline;
calyx 4mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, slenderly acute at tip, both surfaces minutely and rather
densely puberulous; corollas 2 cm. long, pale yellow (“naranja palido,”
Hernindez-C.), sparingly pilosulous, the hairs straight or slightly

Figure 122.—Dicliptera uribei Leonard (Uribe-Uribe 343): a, Inflorescence at tip of stem;
b, leaf; c, portion of leaf blade at costal region (lower surface) in detail to show venation,
pubescence and cystoliths; d, one of a pair of bracts subtending a lowermost cyme;
¢, one of a pair of bracts subtending a cyme toward tip of inflorescence; f, the larger
of the outer pair of bracts subtending a cymule; g, marginal hairs of same; h, pubescence
of inner surface of same; i, the smaller of the outer pair of bracts subtending a cymule;
j, one of the innermost bracts; k, calyx; 1, pubescence of calyx. (a-c, Natural size;
d-f, 1, 7, twice natural size; & about 12 times natural size; A, 9 times natural size, k, 214
times natural size; J, 15 times natural size.)

curved, spreading, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.25
mm. at 2.5 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 4.25 mm.
at throat, the lips subequal, ovate, the upper lip obtuse at tip, the lower
3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 0.5 mm. long and wide, rounded at tip;
stamens reaching tip of the upper lip, the filaments sparingly pilosulous
toward base; capsules ovate, 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick,
obtuse and apiculate, hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
straight, spreading or the basal hairs slightly retrorse; seeds not seen.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 339

Type in the U. 5. National Herbarium, No. 1997178, collected in
the mountains east of Santandercito, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 1,800 to 2,000 meters altitude, 1939, by Lorenzo Uribe-
Uribe (No. 343).

A specimen collected by Jorge Hernandez-C., No. 809 (US), in
woods at Laguna de Pedropalo, Municipio de Tena, Department of
Cundinamarca, 2,100-2,200 meters altitude, July 21-25, 1953, is also
of this species.

6, Dicliptera bogotensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 123

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris
vel bifariam hirtellis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
ovata, acuminata (apice ipso plus minusve obtuso), basi angustata,
in petiolum breviter decurrens, subcoriacea, integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel parce hirtella, costa et venis aliquanto hirtellis,
pilis ascendentibus, plus minusve curvatis, subtus parce hirtella vel
prope basim puberula, cystolithis minutis; petioli glabri, canale dense
hirtelli, pilis subbrunneis, plus minusve curvatis; capitula axillaria
et terminalia, pedunculis brevibus, hexagonis, plus minusve bifariam
parce hirtellis; bracteae cymas subtendentes anguste triangulares,
acuminatae, glabrae, costis prominentibus; bractea major exterior
cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuta, basi angustata, marginibus
albidis, ciliata, pilis brevibus et longis intermixtis, extus parce hirtella,
intus aliquanto dense hirtella; bractea minor cymulam subtendens
lanceolata, acuminata, costa prope basim pilosa, aliter bracteae
exteriori similis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae,
intus glabrae, extus hirtellae; calycis segmenta anguste triangularia,
hirtella; corolla (immatura) dense hirtella, labiis aequalibus, labio
superiore obtuso, inferiore trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending, sub-
hexagonal, glabrous or hirtellous in two lines near the nodes, the
hairs retrorsely curved, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades (only the
uppermost present) oblong-ovate, up to 4.5 em. long and 2 em. wide,
acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base and briefly
decurrent on the petiole, firmly thin, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous except the densely
hirtellous costa, the hairs ascending, mostly curved, 0.5 to 1.75 mm.
long, the lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) sparingly hirtellous, the lower
surface sparingly hirtellous or puberulous toward base, the cystoliths
on both surfaces minute, about 175 » long; petioles up to 1 cm.
long, glabrous except the channel, this densely hirtellous, the hairs
brownish, mostly curved, up to 0.6 mm. long; capitula axillary
and terminal, the lowermost peduncle 1 cm. long, the others suc-
cessively shorter toward tip of inflorescence, all hexagonal, sparingly

340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hirtellous, the hairs sometimes arranged in 2 lines, the capitula
subtended by small leaves, the cymes (often 3-parted) subtended
by a pair of narrowly triangular bracts up to 4 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide at base, slenderly acute, glabrous, the costa prominent; cymules
borne on short quadrangular peduncles 0.5-1.5 mm. long; larger
outer bract subtending the cymule lanceolate, up to 15 mm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide near the middle, acute, narrowed and concave near
base, green except narrow basal marginal whitish areas, ciliolate or
some of the small hairs, especially towards base of bract, intermixed
with long slender ones up to’0.75 mm. long, the outer surface of the

\
>
p

FicurE 123,—Dicliptera bogotensis Leonard (T; riana, Salto de Tequendama): a, Inflores-
cence; b, base of cyme to show subtending bracts; ¢, larger outer bract subtending the
cymule; d, marginal hairs of same; ¢, smaller outer bract subtending the cymule; f, costal
hairs of same; g, one of the innermost bracts; h, calyx; 1, marginal hairs of one of the
calyx segments. (a, Natural size; b, slightly over natural size; c, ¢, g, twice natural size;
d, 12 times natural size; f, 10 times natural size; h, 245 times natural size; 1, 23 times
natural size.)

bract sparingly hirtellous, the inner surface rather densely so, the
hairs erect, 75 to 125 u long; smaller outer bract subtending the
cymule lanceolate, 11 cm. long, 2 mm. wide near the middle, slenderly
acute, the costa, at least toward base, often bearing slender spreading
hairs up to 1.25 mm. long, in other respects the smaller exterior
bracts similar to the larger ones ; Innermost bracts narrowly lanceo-
late, 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base, slenderly acute, glabrous
within, hirtellous without, whitish toward base; calyx 4.5 mm. long,
hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the segments narrowly
triangular, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, acute, whitish; corollas
(immature) densely hirtellous, the lips equal, the upper lip obtuse,
the lower 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, the middle lobe broader than
the lateral ones; capsules not seen.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 341

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the ‘‘Province of Bogota,
en el Salto,”! 2,500 meters altitude, August 1855, by J. Triana
(No. 4093-3). Isotype: Col.

7. Dicliptera pilosa H. B. K.
Dicliptera pilosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 237. 1817. Type locality:
“prope Gonzanama, Malacates et Loxa Novo-Granatensium.”

Herbs up to 30 em. high or more; stems erect or ascending, green,
moderately hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely
curved; leaf blades (only the uppermost present) ovate or obovate,
up to 4 em. long and 2 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip, mucronate
(the mucro slender, up to 2 mm. long), narrowed at base and briefly
decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate, ciliolate, thin, both
surfaces sparingly hirtellous, the hairs curved, ascending, about
0.25 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) moderately
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths conspicous
under a lens, up to 0.5 mm. long, straight or slightly curved; petioles
slender, up to 1.5 cm. long, sparingly hirtellous or the channel densely
so, the hairs up to 0.35 mm. long, ascending or subappressed ; capitula
ageregated to form terminal spikelike thyrsi up to 19 cm. long and
2.5 em. broad, or the lowermost axillary, the cymes subsessile, some
of the capitula of the terminal racemes subtended by obovate leaflike
bracts up to 2.5 cm. long and 13 mm. wide, these conspicuously
mucronate; bracts subtending the cymes subulate, up to 4 mm. long
and 0.25 mm. wide at base, carinate, sparingly hirtellous, the outer pair
of bracts subtending the cymules unequal, thin, green, mucronate,
ciliate, both surfaces hirtellous, the marginal hairs up to 0.75 mm.
long, straight, spreading, the surface hairs minute, ascending, the
venation conspicuous, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral veins pre-
dominating, the veinlets parallel or coarsely reticulated, prominent,
the posterior bract subrhombic, 1.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, acute at
tip, cuneate at base, the anterior bract rhombic-obovate, 8 mm.
long (mucro 2 mm. long), 3.5 mm. wide at 6 mm. above base, obtuse
at tip, cuneate at base, the innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2
to 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliolate; calyx 2 mm.
long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 0.25 mm. wide, ciliolate;
corollas lavender, 12 mm. long, sparingly and minutely pubescent,
the tube slender, about 1 mm. in diamter, the lips ovate, about
4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; capsules 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad,
0.5 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate, pilose, the hairs about 0.25 mm.
long, spreading at tip of the capsule, retrorse toward base; retinacula
narrowly triangular, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad at base, acute
at tip; seed light brown, flattened, suborbicular, 1.25 mm. in diameter,

1 Salto de Tequendama, which often is called merely “El Salto” by the residents of Bogota.

342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

about 0.25 mm. thick, densely hirtellous, the hairs straight, spreading,
retrorsely barbed.

The nature of the lobes of the lower lip of the corolla was not
apparent in the few badly crumpled flowers present on the specimens
examined.

Ki VatLe: Roadside at Cali, Killip 8335 (GH, NY).

8. Dicliptera caucensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 124

Suffrutex, caulibus sursum hexagonis, angulis anguste alatis,
subviridibus, pilosulis (pilis rectis, patulis), deorsum subteretibus,
glabratis; lamina foliorum ovata, acuta vel obtusa, basi angustata,

z
———
Vag
WES
AS

= TT
ee
.

Ficure 124.—Dicliptera caucensis Leonard (Pérez-Arbeldex &3 Cuatrecasas 5977): a, Tip of
plant; 6, one of a pair of bracts subtending cyme; c, outer bract subtending cymule;
d, inner bracts ¢, a hair from the margin of one of thes bracts; f, g, inner bracts subtend-
ing flowers; h, calyx segment; ?, hair from margin of calyx segment; 7, anther (dorsal
view); k, anther (ventral view); 1, valve of capsule; m, seed. (a, b, Natural size;
c, d, f-h, twice natural size; e¢, about 10 times natural size; 1, about 18 times natural
size; 7, k, 4 times natural size; 1, 244 times natural size; m, about 3 times natural size.)

in petiolum breviter decurrens, membranacea, utrinque parce hirsuta,
costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus; petioli graciles,
subtus glabri, canale dense pubescente; cymae axillares et terminales,
cymae superiores confluentes, thyrsos densos terminales formantes;
cymulae pleurumque 3-florae; bracteae virides, bractea exterior
lanceolata, acuta et cuspidata, basi angustata, marginibus dense

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 343

ciliata, pilis patulis, utrinque parce pilosa, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus, bractea interior similis sed aliquanto minor; bracteae
interiores anguste lanceolatae, costatae, pilosae et ciliatae (pilis
patulis), marginibus albidae; calycis segmenta parva, anguste
lanceolata, hirsutula, pilis patulis; corolla parva, purpurascens,
subtiliter pubescens, tubo angusto, labio superiore ovato, rotundato,
labio inferiore oblongo, apice trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis;
capsulae parvae, clavatae, pilosulae; retinacula parva, subulata;
semina plana, nigra, glabra vel marginibus papillosis.

Suffrutescent plants up to 60 cm. high or more, branched, erect
or ascending, the upper portions of the stems hexagonal, the angles
narrowly winged, greenish yellow, pilosulous, the hairs straight,
spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the stems sub-
terete, glabrate; leaf blades ovate, up to 5 em. long and 2.5 cm.
wide, acute to obtusish, narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on
the petiole, membranous, entire, both surfaces sparingly hirsute,
the hairs up to 1 mm. long, spreading or ascending, the costa and
lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent, the cystoliths prominent
under a lens, up to about 0.25 mm. long, blackish; petioles slender,
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous beneath, the channels densely pubescent,
flowers borne in axillary and terminal cymes, the uppermost confluent,
forming dense spikelike thyrsi up to 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, each
cymule usually 3-flowered; bracts green, the outer one lanceolate,
13 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide slightly above middle, acute and cuspidate,
the cusp up to 1.5 mm. long, the base narrowed, the margins densely
ciliate, the hairs about 1 mm. long, spreading, both surfaces sparingly
pilose, the hairs somewhat shorter than the marginal ones, the
costa and lateral nerves (1 pair) prominent, the inner bract similar
but slightly smaller (10 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide), the interior
bracts lance-subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, costate,
pilose and ciliate, the hairs white, spreading, up to 1 mm. long, the
margins whitish; calyx 3 mm. long, the segments lance-subulate,
subhyaline, hirsutulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, spreading;
corollas 15 mm. long, purplish (“rosado-violacea,” Pérez-Arbeliez),
finely pubescent, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, spreading or retrorse,
the tube 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 5 mm.
above base to 1 mm., 2 mm. broad at mouth, the posterior lip ovate,
9 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip oblong, 8 mm.
long and 3.5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 0.5 mm. long
and wide, rounded; capsules 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, pilosulous, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, white, spreading; retinacula subulate,
about 1 mm. long; seed black, flattened, about 1.5 mm. long and broad,
glabrous or the margins sparingly papillose.

344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in theU. S. National Herbarium, No. 1774439, collected
between Puracé and Coconuco, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,300
to 2,400 meters altitude, July 12, 1939, by E. Pérez-Arbeléez and J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 5977).

Kjell von Sneidern’s No. 1032 (S), collected in thickets at El Tambo,
Department of Cauca, altitude 1,700 meters, August 15, 1936, is
also of this species.

9. Dicliptera conformis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 125

Herba debilis, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,
parce pilosulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, acuta,

Figure 125,—Dicliptera conformis Leonard (Triana, Almaguer, El Cauca): a, Inflorescence;
b, cross-section of stem; ¢, one of a pair of bracts subtending a cyme; d, the larger outer
bract subtending a cymule; ¢, marginal hairs of same; f, the smaller outer bract sub-
tending the cymule; g, one of the innermost bracts; A, calyx; 7, marginal hairs of one
of the segments. (a, Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; ¢, d, f-h, twice natural size;
¢, 10 times natural size; 1, 15 times natural size.)

basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, membranacea,
integra vel undulata, parce ciliolata, pilis curvatis, supra parce
hirtella, cystolithis sub lente conspicuis, costa et venis lateralibus
obscuris, subtus parce hirtella, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus,
venulis reticulatis; petioli graciles, subtus glabri, canale aliquanto
dense hirtelli, pilis minutis, curvatis, subappressis; capitula axillaria
et terminalia, sursum ageregata, thyrsos densos terminales formantia,
pedunculis brevissimis, glabris vel parce hirtellis; capitula paribus

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 345

foliorum suffulta; cyma 3-partita, paribus bractearum lanceolato-
subulatarum suffulta; cymulae pedunculus brevissimus, aliquanto
hirtellus, pilis flavidis, ascendentibus; bractea exterior cymulam
subtendens oblanceolata, subobtusa, cuspidata, basi angustata,
convexa, viridis, marginibus basi albidis, extus hirtella, pilis rigidis,
sursum curvatis, costa prominente, intus parce et subtiliter hirtella,
paribus nervis basi prominentibus; bractea minor exterior cymulam
subtendens bracteae superiori similis; bracteae intimae lanceolato-
subulatae l-nervatae, ciliatae, pilis patulis, extus parce hirtellae,
intus glabrae; calycis segmenta albida, anguste triangularia, puberula;
ovarium apice hirtellum, basi glabrum.

Weak herbs up to 15 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending,
0.75 mm. in diameter, subhexagonal (the angles acute), sparingly
pilosulous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, retrorsely curved; leaf
blades ovate, up to 3 cm. long and 13 mm. wide, acute, narrowed at
base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, firmly membranaceous,
entire or undulate, sparingly ciliolate with curved hairs, the upper
surface sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths conspicuous, the costa and
lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) obscure, the lower surface sparingly hirtel-
lous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and veins more promi-
nent than above, the veinlets reticulate; petioles slender, up to 1 cm.
long, glabrous beneath, the channel rather densely hirtellous with
subappressed hairs about 0.25 mm. long; capitula axillary and ter-
minal, the uppermost aggregated in a dense thyrse about 2.5 cm. long
and 15 mm. broad, the peduncles up to 1 mm. long, glabrous or spar-
ingly hirtellous, the capitula subtended by a pair of leaves, the cymes,
mostly 3-parted, subtended by a pair of lance-subulate bracts about
5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide near base; cymules supported by
peduncles 0.5 mm. long, moderately hirtellous with yellowish, re-
trorsely ascending hairs 0.5 mm. long, the larger outer bract sub-
tending the cymule green except a narrow marginal basal whitish
area, oblanceolate, 1 cm. long, 3.5 mm. wide at 5 mm. below tip, sub-
obtuse, cuspidate (the cusp 0.75 mm. long), gradually narrowed from
above middle to base, the basal portion convex, ciliate, the hairs
mostly 0.75 mm. long, the outer surface hirtellous, the hairs stiff,
upwardly curved, 0.5 mm. long, yellowish, the costa prominent, the
lateral nerves obscure, the inner surface sparingly and finely hirtellous,
the venation obscure except the basal portion of a pair of lateral sub-
marginal nerves, the smaller outer bract subtending the cymule 9
mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide at 3 mm. below tip, in other respects similar
to the larger outer bract; innermost bracts lance-subulate, up to 6.25
mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, 1-nerved, ciliate, the hairs spreading, up to
0.5 mm. long, the outer surface sparingly hirtellous, the inner glabrous;
calyx 2.5 mm. long, whitish, puberulous, the segments narrowly tri-

388179—57——-3

346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

angular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base; corolla not seen; ovary
hirtellous toward tip, glabrous toward base; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Almaguer, Province of
Popaydn, Department of El Cauca, Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude,
August 1855, by J. Triana (No. 4093-2). Isotype in the Herbario
Nacional Colombiano.

The bracts are marked by scattered minute black dots which may
possibly represent parasites.

10. Dicliptera ochrochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 126

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, glabris vel parce et sub-
tiliter puberulis; lamina foliorum anguste oblongo-elliptica vel lanceo-
lata, apice acuta vel subacuta, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens,
membranacea, marginibus integris vel undulatis, supra glabra, subtus
costa parce puberula, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus; petioli
glabri vel parce pubescentes; cymae summis confluentes, thyrsos densos
terminales formantes, infimae breviter pedunculatae, alterae sessiles
vel subsessiles; cymulae pluriflorae, rhache et pedunculis plus minusve
puberulis, bracteis exterioribus ellipticis, apice acutis et apiculatis,
basi angustatus, plus minusve puberulis, ciliatis; bracteae intermediae
lanceolatae, acuminatae, subhyalinae, apice virides, plus minusve
puberulae; bracteae intimae parvae, anguste lanceolatae, albidae,
puberulae; calycis segmenta parva, anguste lanceolata, subhyalina,
minute et parce pubescentia; corolla (immatura) parva, subtiliter et
parce pubescens, labiis oblongis, labio posteriore subobtuso, labio
inferiore apice trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, lobo medio sub-
cucullato; stamina vix exserta, filamentis parce pilosis.

Herbs about 40 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, hexagonal,
finely and rather sparingly puberulous or glabrate, the angles rounded,
the lower nodes somewhat swollen; leaf blades narrowly oblong-
elliptic to lanceolate, 3 to 7 em. long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, acute to sub-
acute at tip, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin,
entire or undulate, ciliolate, the upper surface glabrous, drying olive
green, the lower surface drying to grayish green, glabrous or the costa
sparingly puberulous, this and the lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) prominent,
more so beneath than above, the cystoliths of both surfaces slender,
0.25 mm. long, rather scattered; petioles slender, up to 2 em. long,
sparingly and minutely pubescent or glabrate; flowers borne in dense
terminal and axillary thyrsi 1 to 3 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm. broad,
these composed of verticillasters of 4 to 5 cymes each, the lowermost
cymes of the thyrse short-peduncled, the others sessile or subsessile,
the cymes usually several flowered, the rachis and peduncles more or
less puberulous, the bracts subtending the cymules elliptic, 9 mm.
long and 4 mm. wide, acute and cuspidate, thin, narrowed toward

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 347

base, puberulous, the lower half whitish, the upper light green, ciliate,
the marginal hairs up to 1 mm. long, the intermediate bracts lance-
olate, 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, acuminate, subhyaline, greenish
toward tip, more or less puberulous, the innermost bracts lance-
subulate, 4.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, whitish, puberulous; calyx 3.5
mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
wide, subhyaline; corolla (immature) 12 mm. long, red (?), finely

j

Ficure 126.—Dicliptera ochrochlamys Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 5177): a, Tip of stem; b,
cross-section of stem; c, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) enlarged to show cystoliths;
d, outer bract subtending cymule; ¢, inner bract; f, marginal hairs of same; g, one of
the bracts subtending flower; h, calyx segment; 1, marginal hairs of same; j, corolla.
(a, Natural size; b, about 442 times natural size; c-e, g, h, j, twice natural size; f, about
1114 times natural size; 7, 25 times natural size.)

pubescent, the hairs spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long, the lips oblong,
5 to 6 mm. long, the posterior lip 3 mm. wide, subobtuse at tip, the
anterior lip 2.5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded, 0.25 mm.
long, the middle one subcucullate; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip, the filaments sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading, about
0.25 mm. long, the anthers cells attached one above the other, oval,
each barely 2 mm. long; ovaries and capsules not seen.

348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1830673, collected
at Restrepo, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, January 1937, by H.
Garcia-Barriga (No. 5177). Isotype in the Herbario ? Nacional
Colombiano.

The specific epithet (4xpés, whitish, and xAq@uis, military cloak)
alludes to the characteristic whitish bracts, which give a whitish
appearance to the entire inflorescence.

11. Dicliptera cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 127

Herba, caulibus ramosis, subhexagonis, sursum puberulis, deorsum
glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice acuta vel acuminata,

)

Oe
; as Wy [) ia
NW), sip

i iy

( Vy g
aa “s WW Al LAME,

Z NZS

¢
7

Figure 127.—Dicliptera cuatrecasasii Leonard (Cuatrecasas 18783): a, Tip of plant; 5,
cymule; ¢, marginal hairs of the inner and outer cymule bracts; d, one of the inner
bracts subtending the flower; e, calyx segment; f, hairs from the margin of the calyx
segment. (a, Natural size; b, d, ¢, twice natural size; c, about 25 times natural size;
f, about 40 times natural size.)

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 349

basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, integra vel undulata,
ciliolata, supra glabra vel pilos paucos minutos ferens, in costa pubes-
cens, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus glabra vel parce
pubescens, costa et venis lateralibus mediocriter prominentibus;
petioli graciles, subtus glabri, canale puberulenti, pilis curvatis;
capitula axillaria et terminalia sursum confluentia, thyrsum densum
angustum terminalem formantia, pedunculis brevibus, puberulis, pilis
retrorse curvatis; bracteae capitula subtendentes foliiformes; bracteae
cymulas subtendentes parvae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1-nervatae,
majores exteriores oblanceolatae, subobtusae, apice spina parva
terminantes, basi angustatae, glabrae vel puberulae, marginibus
ciliolatis vel ciliolatis et ciliatis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae,
albidae apice subviridi exceptae, tenuiter ciliolatae, obscure 1-nerva-
tae; calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, obscure 3-nervata, albida.

Dull green branching herbs; stems subhexagonal, the angles rounded,
the tips puberulous, the lower portions glabrous, the base of the plant
7 mm. in diameter or more; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, acute or
acuminate, narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
thin, entire or undulate, ciliolate, the upper surface glabrous (or
bearing a few minute hairs) except the costa, this puberulous and like
the lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths inconspicuous,
the lower surface glabrous or bearing a few scattered minute hairs, the
venation moderately conspicuous, the cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens but not numerous; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long, glabrous
beneath, the channel puberulous with curved hairs; flowers borne in
axillary and terminal capitula, the uppermost confluent, forming a
narrow spike-like thyrse, the peduncles up to 5 mm. long, or the
lowermost longer, puberulous, the hairs retrorsely curved; bracts
subtending the cymes leaflike, lanceolate, about 10 mm. long and
2.5 mm. wide; bracts at base of cymules lance-subulate, usually up
to 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, acuminate and 1-nerved,
the pair of larger and outer bracts subtending and enclosing the
cymules oblanceolate, the posterior bract 13 mm. long and 4 mm. wide
slightly above middle, subobtuse and tipped by a spine about 1 mm.
long, gradually narrowed from above middle to base (the base 2 mm.
wide), firm, green, or whitish at base, glabrous or puberulous, ciliolate
or both ciliolate and sparingly ciliate, the longer hairs up to 1 mm.
long, the anterior bract similar but somewhat smaller, the inner bracts
narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, whitish except
toward tip, finely ciliolate, faintly 1-nerved; calyx segments narrowly
triangular, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, faintly 3-nerved, white;
corollas and capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium No. 1853821, collected near
the confluence of the Rio Pichindecito and the Rio Pichindé, valley

350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

of the Rio Cali, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,580 to 1,640
meters altitude, November 7, 1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 18783).
Dicliptera cuatrecasasii, as represented by the type specimen,
is very robust for the genus. It is nearly glabrous and the entire
plant is dull green in color. Many of the larger bracts subtending
the cymules are merely ciliolate but others bear in addition to the
minute marginal hairs a few or sometimes mumerous long spreading
ones.
12. Dicliptera killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 128

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, pilis
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, apice acuta, basi angustata,
in petiolum breviter decurrens, membranacea, integra vel undulata,
ciliata, supra parce hirsuta, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, cysto-
lithis parvis et obscuris, subtus hirsuta, pilis praecipue in costa et venis
(eis aliquanto conspicuis), cystolithis obscuris; petioli graciles, parce
hirtelli; capitula axillaria et terminalia, sursum confluentia, thyrsum
densum angustum terminalem formantia, pedunculis brevibus,
hirsutis; bracteae cymulas subtendentes parvae, lineares, lanceolatae,
tenuiter acuminatae, marginibus et costa ciliatae; bracteae majores
capitula subtendentes oblanceolatac, subobtusae et cuspidatae, basi
angustatae, subcoriaceae, venosac, costa et nervis infimis magis
prominentibus, ciliatae, utrinque parce hirtellae, sursum virides, basi
albidae; bracteae intimae ciliatae, apice hirtellae et subvirides,
deorsum albidae; calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, ciliolata,
hirtella; corolla lilacina, parva, tubo gracili, sursum minute pubes-
cente, labiis minute pubescentibus, labio superiore ovato, acuto,
labio inferiore oblongo, apice 3-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, filamentis parce pilosis; capsulae parvae, apice
obtusae, apiculatae, retrorse et minute pilosae; retinacula triangularia,
minuta, acuminata; semina suborbicularia, nigra, marginibus parce
papillosa.

Herbs, stems weak, erect or ascending, up to 30 em. high or more,
subhexagonal, hirtellous, the hairs retrorsely curved, about 0.25 mm.
long; leaf blades ovate, up to 7 cm. long and 3 em. wide, acute,
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, membranaceous,
entire or undulate, ciliate, the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the
hairs ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long, the venation obscure, the
cystoliths minute and obscure, about 0.25 mm. long, the lower surface
hirsute, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long,
confined mostly to costa and veins (4 or 5 pairs, these barely con-
spicuous but more so than above), the reticulation of the veinlets
conspicuous under a lens, the cystoliths inconspicuous; petioles
slender, up to 2.5 cm. long, sparingly hirtellous; flowers borne in

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 351

axillary verticillasters, the uppermost confluent, forming a narrow
spikelike thyrse, the peduncles up to 1.5 mm. long, hirsute, the
bracts subtending the cymes narrowly lanceolate, about 7 mm. long,
1 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate, costate, the margins and
costa ciliate, the larger and outer pair of bracts subtending the
cymule oblanceolate, subobtuse and abruptly cuspidate (the cusp 1.5
mm. long), narrowed gradually from above middle to base, rather

Ficure 128.—Dicliptera killipit Leonard (Killip 6818): a, Tip of branch; b, leaf; c, bract
subtending cymes; d, marginal hairs of the larger outer bract subtending the cymule;
e, the larger of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; f, the smaller bract of
the large pair; g, one of the innermost bracts subtending the cymule; h, one of the
calyx segments; 1, marginal hairs of same; j, disrupted valve of calyx; k, seed; /, marginal
papillae of same. (a, Natural size; ¢, e-A, j, twice natural size; d, 15 times natural
size; 1, about 20 times natural size; k, 4 times natural size; /, about 30 times natural size.)

firm, veiny, the costa and the lower pair of nerves predominating, the
margins ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, both surfaces rather
sparingly hirtellous, the larger bracts 13 mm. long, and 5 mm. wide,
the smaller one 11 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, both green toward tip,
whitish toward base; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, the larger
of these 9 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at 2.56 mm. above base, the smaller
pair 5 to 6 mm. long, about 0.75 mm. wide above base, both pairs
costate, ciliate, the tips hirtellous and ereenish, whitish toward
base; calyx segments narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide

352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

at base, whitish, ciliate and hirtellous, the hairs about 150 u long;
corollas lilac, about 8 mm. long, the tube about 2 mm. broad, narrowed
near mouth to 1.5 mm., its upper portion and the lips finely pubescent,
the hairs straight and spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, the upper lobe
ovate, about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acute at tip, the lower lip
oblong, about 6 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes
rounded, about 0.75 mm. long and wide ; Stamens exserted about 4mm.
beyond the mouth of the tube, the filaments sparingly pilose; capsules
5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate
at tip, retrorsely pilose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, whitish:
retinacula triangular, acuminate, about 1 mm. long; seed suborbicular,
flattened, 1.5 mm. in diameter, 0.5 mm. thick, black, sparingly
papillose near margins, the papillae about 50 » long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1142190, collected
between Canaan and Coconuco, Department. of Cauca, Colombia,
2,300 to 2,800 meters altitude, June 17, 1922, by E. P. Killip (No.
6818). Isotypes: GH, NY.

Triana’s specimens (Col, N Y), collected at Almaguer, Department
of Cauca, are also of this species.

13. Dicliptera driophila Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 129

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ramosis, erectis vel ascendentibus,
subhexagonis, striatis, sursum subtiliter pubescentibus, pilis plus
minusve retrorse curvatis, praecipue in angulis positis, deorsum
glabratis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata,
basi angustata, in petiolum breviter decurrens, membranacea, integra
vel undulata, viridis, supra aliquanto hirtella, costa et venis
lateralibus gracilibus, obscuris, cystolithis inconspicuis, subtus
aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis praecipue in costa et venis (eis gracili-
bus sed conspicuis); petioli graciles, subtus glabri, canale hirtelli;
capitula praecipue axillaria, pedunculis brevibus, hirtellis; bracteae
cymas subtendentes parvae, subulatae, 1-nervatae, parce ciliolatae ;
bracteae majores cymulas subtendentes sursum virides, deorsum
albidae, acutae, cuspidatae, subcoriaceae, ciliatae, parce hirtellae,
costa et nervis infimis magis prominentibus, bractea posterior oblan-
ceolata, inferior lanceolata, bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae,
tenuiter acuminatae, albidae, I-nervatae, ciliolatae; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, parva, albida, ciliolata; corolla pubescens;
capsulae parvae, minute hirsutae, pilis patulis vel retrorsis; retinacula
minuta, subulata.

Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent toward base, up to 40 em. high or
more; stems branched, erect or ascending, subhexagonal, striate, the
upper portions finely pubescent, the hairs more or less retrorsely
curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, confined chiefly to the angles, the
lower portions of the stem glabrate; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 353

up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acute to acuminate, narrowed at
base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, membranaceous, entire
or undulate, drying green, the upper surface moderately hirtellous,
the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, ascending or slightly curved, the
costa and lateral veins slender, obscure, the cystoliths up to 0.5 mm.
long, the lower surface rather densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
up to 0.75 mm. long, confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins;
petioles slender, up to 2 cm. long, glabrous below, the channel
hirtellous; capitula mostly axillary, a few of the uppermost some-
times more or less confluent, the peduncles up to 2.5 mm. long,

Ficure 129.—Dicliptera driophila Leonard (Cuatrecasas 20947): a, Tip of branch; }, portion
of leaf blade (upper surface) to show reticulation of veinlets; c, one of a pair of outer
bracts subtending a cyme; d, the larger of a pair of outer bracts subtending a cymule;
¢, marginal hairs of same; f, the smaller of the two outer bracts subtending the cymule;
g, one of a pair of inner bracts of a cymule; h, one of the innermost pairs of bracts;
i, calyx spread to show lobes; j, tip of calyx lobe to show pubescence; k, valve of capsule.
(a, Natural size; ¢, d, f-i, k, twice natural size; ), 144 times natural size; ¢, 34 times
natural size; 7, 14 times natural size.)

hirtellous; bracts subtending the cymes subulate, up to 6 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. wide at base, strongly 1-nerved, sparingly ciliolate, the
larger outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule oblong-lanceolate,
up to 12 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide slightly above the middle, acute
and cuspidate (the cusp 1.5 mm. long), green toward tip, whitish
toward base, subcoriaceous, ciliate and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves predomi-
nating, the smaller bract lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1.5 mm.
wide, in other respects similar to the larger bract; innermost bracts

354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

narrowly lanceolate, 6 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at 1.5 mm. above
base, the smaller ones 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide near base,
both pairs whitish, slenderly acuminate, 1-nerved, ciliolate; calyx
segments narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
whitish, ciliolate; corolla (immature) pubescent; capsules about 6 mm.
long, clavate, pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or
retrorse, the retinacula subulate, nearly straight, 0.75 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900475, collected
at Quebrada de los Osos, valley of the Rio Bugalagrande, Department
of HI Valle, Colombia, 2,170 meters altitude, April 20, 1946, by J.
Cuatrecasas (No. 20947). Isotype: US.

A specimen collected in thickets at Rioblanco, vicinity of Popaydn,
Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude, July 9, 1939,
by Pérez-Arbeliez and Cuatrecasas, No. 5788 (US), is also of this
species.

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.
Only immature flowers were present and, judging from the complete-
ness of the specimens in other respects, this absence of expanded
corollas may have been due to cleistogamy. The specific epithet is
derived from Sdptos, thicket, and ¢ios, loving.

14, Dicliptera garciae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 130

Suffrutex, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, sulcatis,
sursum pubescentibus, deorsum glabratis; laminae foliorum (verti-
cillasteres subtendentes) ovatac, subacutae, basi rotundatae vel
obtusae, integrae, subcoriaceae, utrinque pubescentes, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, costa et venis lateralibus supra obscuris,
subtus aliquanto prominentibus; petioli breves, pubescentes; capitula
axillaria, pedunculis brevibus; bracteae cymulas subtendentes parvae,
lanceolatae, acuminatae, carinatae, parce pubescentes, 1-nervatae,
majores exteriores oblanceolatae, acutae vel acuminatae, coriaceae,
virides, ciliatae, parce hirtellae, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris,
majores interiores aliquanto minores quam exteriores, lanceolatae,
acuminatae, coriaceae, sursum virides, deorsum subflavo-virides,
ciliolatae, hirtellae; bracteae intimac anguste lanceolatae, deorsum
albidae, minute hirtellae, 1-nervatae; calycis segmenta triangularia,
acuminata, subhyalina, sursum hirtella; corolla rubra, plus minusve
pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis ovatis, labio superiore
apice rotundato vel leviter emarginato, labio inferiore aliquanto
longiore quam labio superiore, apice trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis, parce pilosis; capsulae planae,
ovatae, pubescentes; retinacula parva, cucullata; semina plana,
suborbicularia, plus minusve minute rugosa.

Suffrutescent herbs; stems branching, erect or ascending, sub-
hexagonal, grooved, the tips pubescent, the hairs spreading or re-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 355

trorsely recurved, barely 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the
stem glabrate; leaf blades (only those subtending the verticillasters
present) ovate, up to 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide near base, subacute,
rounded or obtuse at base, entire, rather firm, hirtellous on both
sides, the hairs straight or nearly so, spreading or ascending, slightly
less than 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins
(4 or 5 pairs), the venation obscure above but fairly prominent
beneath; petioles up to 4 mm. long, pubescent; flowers borne in axillary

Ficure 130.—Dicliptera garciae Leonard (Cuatrecasas €$ Garcta-Barriga 9820): a, Tip of
plant; 6, cymule; c, portion of one of the larger bracts of the cymule enlarged to show
pubescence; d, one of the innermost bracts; ¢, one of the calyx segments; f, hairs from
margin of calyx segment; g, disrupted capsule expanding from base; h, disrupted capsule
expanding from tip. (a, Natural size; b, d, ¢, g, h, twice natural size; c, about 20 times
natural size; f, about 25 times natural size.)

verticillasters, the internodes about 2 cm. long, the basal bracts sub-
tending the cymes narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at
base, acuminate, keeled, sparingly pubescent, the larger of the outer
bracts subtending the cymule oblanceolate, 14 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
wide at 5 mm. below tip, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed from
above middle to base, firm, green, ciliolate and sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs stiff, more or less curved, about 150 u long, the costa and lateral
veins obscure, the inner bract subtending the cymule lanceolate,

356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

about 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide toward base, acuminate, firm,
the upper half green, the lower half light yellowish green, the costa
barely prominent, the pubescence that of the outer bract, the inner-
most bractlets narrowly lanceolate, about 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near
base, whitish at least toward base, minutely hirtellous, 1-nerved ;
calyx segments triangular, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acumin-
ate, white and subhyaline, 3-nerved, minutely ciliolate, hirtellous
toward tip; corollas red, sparingly to rather densely pubescent, about
3 cm. long, 2mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 5 mm. above
base, thence gradually expanded, the throat 5 mm. broad, the lips
ovate, the upper lip 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at base, rounded or
shallowly emarginate at tip, the lower lip 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide,
3-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded, about 0.5 mm. long and broad;
stamens barely reaching tip of the upper lip, the filaments flat, spar-
ingly pilose, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; capsules ovate, strongly
flattened, about 5 mm. long and 4 mm. broad and 1 mm. thick,
pubescent, the hairs up to 165 u long, spreading or retrorsely curved,
the capsule dehiscing and rupturing either from base or tip, the retina-
cula cucullate, about 0.5 mm. long; seeds suborbicular, strongly
flattened, about 3.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide and about 0.75 mm. thick,
more or less minutely roughened.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1799084, collected in
dry thickets on the left slope of the valley of the Rio Chicamocha,
between Soatd and Tipacoque, Department of Boyac&é, Colombia,
1,700 to 2,000 meters altitude, July 18, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas and
H. Garcfa-Barriga (No. 9820).

The main stem leaves, deciduous and lacking on the type specimen,
may prove to be somewhat larger than those subtending the verti-
cillasters. The stem is woody at base and the plant probably affects
a sprawling habit. The exact height of the plant cannot be approx-
imated from the type material, probably a basal portion. The
branches are about 20 cm. long, but the main stem may reach 1 meter
or more.

15. Dicliptera ewanii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 131

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
sparse et retrorse bifariam hirtellis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata,
acuminata, basi angustata, aliquanto firma, undulata, utrinque parce
hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus conspicuis, cystolithis minutis ;
petioli subtus glabri, supra in canale dense hirtelli, pilis subappressis;
capitula axillaria et terminalia, sursum aggregata, paribus foliorum
suffulta; cymae planae, 3-5-partitae, breviter pedunculatae vel
subsessiles, paribus bractearum subulatarum subglabrarum suffultae;
bractea exterior cymulam subtendens herbacea, lanceolata, acuta,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 357

extus parce et minute hirtella, intus puberula, costa et nervis sub-
marginalibus prominentibus; bractea minor exterior cymulam sub-
tendens anguste lanceolata, acuminata, extus parce hirtella, intus
puberula, basi albida et striata, costa prominente; bracteae intimae
lanceolatae, parvae, puberulae, ciliolatae, basi albidae; calycis
segmenta parva, angusta, albida, dense hirtella; corolla atrococcinea,
pubescens, tubo hypocrateriformi, labiis ovatis, labio superiore
obtuso, inferiore apice trilobato, lobis rotundatis, parvis; stamina
vix exserta, filamentis planis, marginibus pilosis.

Ficure 131.—Dicliptera ewanii Leonard (Ewan 15628): a, Tip of the stem; b, the larger of
the outer cymule bracts; c, pubescence of its inner surface; d, the smaller of the outer
cymule bracts; ¢, one of the larger innermost bracts; f, one of the smaller; g, calyx spread
to show segments; h, pubescence of segments. (a, Half natural size; b, d-g, twice
natural size; c, 15 times natural size; h, 13 times natural size.)

Herbs or suffrutescent plants 30 cm. high or more, the stems
ascending, subhexagonal, sparingly and retrorsely hirtellous, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, bifarious; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to
13.5 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base,
rather firm, undulate, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs)
prominent, the cystoliths minute, 125. long; petioles slender, up
to 2 cm. long, glabrous beneath, the channel densely hirtellous,
the hairs subappressed; capitula axillary or the 2 uppermost confluent
forming a short thyrse about 3 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad, the
leaves subtending the capitula similar to the lower stem leaves

358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

but smaller (2 to 10 em. long and 1 to 3 em. wide), the cymes flat,
composed usually of 3 to 5 cymules, subsessile or short-peduncled
(the peduncle up to 4 mm. long, hirtellous in 2 lines), subtended by
a pair of subulate subglabrous bracts up to 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide
at base; bracts subtending the cymules unequal, rather thin, her-
baceous, the larger bract lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long and 4.5 mm. wide,
acute, the outer surface sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the inner
surface rather densely puberulous, the hairs spreading, 75 to 100y
long, the costa and a pair of lateral submarginal nerves prominent,
the smaller bract subtending the cymule narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, whitish, indurate and coarsely striate at base, the pubes-
cence that of the outer bract, the costa prominent, the veinlets of
both bracts rather coarsely but obscurely reticulate, the innermost
bracts lanceolate, 3 to 8 mm. long, 0.75 to 1.5 mm. wide near base,
puberulous and ciliolate, the lower half or sometimes the lower
marginal areas whitish; calyx segments linear, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide, acute, whitish, densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, 0.3 mm.
long, the calyx tube campanulate, 1 mm. long, whitish, subhyaline,
glabrous; corollas dull carmine with yellow throat (Ewan), 3 cm.
long, moderately pubescent, the hairs up to 275u long, spreading,
the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above base to 1 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the lips ovate, 7 mm.
long, the upper lip 3 mm. wide, obtuse, the lower 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed
at tip, the lobes ovate, obtuse, 1 mm. long, the middle one 1.25 mm.
wide at base, the lateral ones slightly narrower; stamens slightly
exceeding the lips, the filaments flat, their margins bearing a row
of curved hairs up to 250 long, the anther lobes slightly superposed,
1.5 mm. long; ovaries and capsules not seen.

Type in the Tulane University Herbarium, collected in relict
mountain rain forest at edge of Quebrada Chiniata, 7 kilometers east
of Hilo, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,430 meters alti-
tude, May 1, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No. 15628). Isotypes:
K, US.

The ovaries of the type material have been destroyed by insects.
16. Dicliptera haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficurp 132

Suffrutex, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, pilis
minutis, retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi obtusa vel rotundata, supra aliquanto hirtella,
subtus dense hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus;
petioli breves, dense hirtelli, pilis parvis, curvatis ; capitula axillaria
et terminalia, sursum aggregata, racemos densos terminales formantia,
pedunculis brevibus, dense retrorse hirtellis; bracteae cymas sub-
tendentes subulatae, carinatae, pilosulae, et ciliatae, marginibus albidae;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 359

bractea major exterior cymulam subtendens anguste obovata, apice
subobtusa et apiculata, basi angustata, carinata, marginibus albidis,
utrinque dense hirtella; bractea minor exterior cymulam subtendens
lineari-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi angustata, marginibus
albidis, costa prominente, utrinque dense hirtella; bracteae intimae
anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, ciliatae, albidae (vel costa viridi),
utrinque hirtellae; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta,
albida, minute ciliolata et puberula, pilis marginis rectis, ascendentibus
apice acutis, pilis superficium erectis, apice truncatis; corolla punicea,
subtiliter pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis suberectis

Ficure 132.—Dicliptera haughtii Leonard (Haught 6179): a, Inflorescence; b, one of a pair
of bracts subtending the cyme; ¢, the larger of the outer bracts subtending the cymule;
d, marginal hairs of same; e, the smaller of the outer bracts subtending the cymule;
f, one of the innermost bracts; g, calyx; 4A, pubescence of calyx. (a, Natural size;
b, c, e, f, twice natural size; d, 6 times natural size; g, 244 times natural size, h, 12 times
natural size.)

subaequalibus, labio superiore apice subobtuso, inferiore apice
trilobato, lobis parvis, apice subobtusis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis
planis, glabris vel deorsum pilosulis.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 50 cm. high; stems erect or ascending,
subhexagonal, moderately branched, hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25
mm. long, retrorsely curved; leaf blades (only the uppermost present)
ovate, up to 2.5 em. long and 1.5 cm. wide at 1 cm. above base,
acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), obtuse or rounded at base, entire or
undulate, both surfaces hirtellous, the lower densely so, the costa and

360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lateral nerves (4 or 5 pairs) rather prominent; petioles up to 3.5 mm.
long, densely hirtellous with small curved hairs; capitula axillary and
terminal, the uppermost aggregated to form a spikelike thyrse up to
4 cm. long and 3 em. broad, the peduncles up to 2 mm. long, densely
hirtellous with retrorsely curved hairs about 0.25 mm. long; bracts
subtending the cymes subulate, up to 5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at
base, carinate, pilosulous and ciliate, the margins whitish; larger
outer bract subtending the cymule narrowly obovate, 12 mm. long,
4 mm. wide at 4 mm. below tip, subobtuse and apiculate, gradually
narrowed from above middle to base, green or the narrow marginal
areas near base whitish, the basal portion (about 4 mm. long) carinate,
both surfaces rather densely hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascend-
ing, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves obscure; smaller outer
bract subtending the cymule linear-lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, acuminate at tip, narrowed at base, the costa prominent, the
pubescence that of the larger outer bract, a narrow marginal basal
area whitish; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long,
1 mm. wide near base, acuminate, ciliate, whitish or the costa ereenish,
both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long; calyx 4 mm.
long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at
base, acute, minutely ciliolate and puberulous, whitish, the marginal
hairs up to 250u long, straight, ascending, sharp-pointed, the surface
hairs 125y long, erect, blunt at tip corolla; bright red, finely pubescent,
2.5 cm. long, the tube about 1 mm. broad at base, 4.5 mm. broad at
mouth, the lips suberect and subequal, about 9 mm. long, the upper
lip 3.5 mm. broad at base, subobtuse at tip, the lower lip 5 mm. wide
at base, 2-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, 1 mm. long and wide, subobtuse
at tip; stamens equaling or slightly exceeding the upper lip of the
corolla, the filaments flattened, glabrous or pilosulous toward base;
capsules not seen.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1995097, collected along
gully on highway between Ubaté and Susa, Department of Cundina-
marca, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude, September 15, 1947, by
Oscar Haught (No. 6179).

17. Dicliptera koiei Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 132a

Suffrutex, caulibus deorsum subteretibus, parce subtomentosis, sur-
sum subhexagonis, pilis albidis, curvatis; lamina foliorum siccitate
laete viridis, ovata, subacuta vel subobtusa, basi cuneata vel ro-
tundata et in petiolum breviter decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra,
supra parce hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, subtus dense tomentosa, pilis
albidis, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris; petioli dense hirsuti, pilis
albidis, ascendentibus; inflorescentiae cymosae subsessiles, axillares et
terminales, cymis flabelliformibus, supremis confluentibus thyrsos

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 361

densos terminales formantibus; cymulae saepe 3; bracteae cymas
subtendentes foliiformes;. bracteae cymulae subtendentes inaequales,
exteriores oblanccolatae acutae, interiores breviores, anguste lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, extus dense hirsutae, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
intus puberulae, costa obscura; bracteae calyces subtendentes anguste
lanceolatac, acuminatae, ciliatae, puberulae, costa prominente; calycis
segmenta anguste triangularia, longe acuminata, subglabra, ciliolata,
subhyalina; corolla parce pubescens, labio superiore anguste ovato,
apice obtuso vel rotundato, labio inferiore anguste ovato, apice 3-
lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta.

Suffruticose plants up to 0.5 meters high or more, drying bright
green; stems subterete, 2.5 mm. in diameter at base, hexagonal and
subtomentose toward tip, the pubescence dense at tip of plants, be-

Ficure 132a.—Dicliptera koiet Leonard (Kgie 5056): a, Tip of plant; b, outer bract sub-
tending cymule; c, inner bract subtending cymule; d, one of inner bracts subtending
calyx; ¢, calyx segment; f, corolla. (a, f, Natural size; b-d, twice natural size; ¢, 344
times natural size.)

coming sparser towards base, the hairs whitish, variously curved, up
to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 4.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide,
subacute to subobtuse at tip, cuneate to rounded at base and decur-
rent on the petiole, moderately firm, the upper surface sparingly
hirsute, the hairs ascending, up to 0.8 mm. long, the lower surface
densely subtomentose, the hairs whitish, up to 0.75 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs) rather obscure; petioles up to 5
mm. long, densely hirsute with whitish, ascending hairs about 0.45
mm. long; cymes axillary and terminal, the uppermost confluent,
forming a thyrse up to 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the cymes sub-
388179—57——-4

362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

sessile, fanlike, usually composed of 3 cymules; bracts subtending the
cymes leaflike, mostly about 12 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, the pubes-
cence that of the leaves; bracts subtending the cymules unequal, the
outer oblanceolate, that of the middle cymule 15 mm. long, 3.5 mm.
wide, acute, those of the lateral ones 11 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, sub-
acute, the inner bracts narrowly lanceolate, that of the middle cymule
12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, those of the lateral cymules
10 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, acute, the outer surface of all of the
cymule bracts rather densely hirsute with spreading or ascending yel-
lowish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the inner surface of the cymule bracts
puberulous, the costa obscure, the bracts (2 pairs) subtending the
calyx narrowly lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. Wide, acuminate,
puberulous and ciliate, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.25
mm. long, the costa prominent, the margins subhyaline; calyx 5.5 mm.
long, the segments narrowly triangular, sharply acuminate, 3 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide at base, subglabrous, ciliolate, subhyaline; corolla
rather sparingly pubescent, the hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.25 mm.
long, some of them gland-tipped, the tube about 2 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad at mouth, the lips 1 em. long, the upper one narrowly ovate, 5
mm. wide at base, obtuse or rounded at tip, the lower lip narrowly
ovate, 5.5 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm. long,
rounded; stamens exserted 6 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anther lobes linear, about 1.75 mm. long and 0.25 mm.
broad, apiculate at tip, one superposed about 0.75 mm. above the
other; ovary and capsule not seen.

Type in the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum of the University
of Copenhagen, collected at Ubaté, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 2600 meters altitude, June 1, 1952 by M. Kgie (No. 5056).

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.

18. Dicliptera danielii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 133

Herba, caulibus debilibus, subhexagonis, glabris vel ad nodos pilos
paucos retrorse curvatos ferentibus; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata,
graciliter acuminata, basi angustata, membranacea, integra vel
undulata, supra glabra vel parce hirsuta, costa et venis pubescenti-
bus, obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto
prominentibus, venulis prominente reticulatis, cystolithis utrinque
subnigris, obscuris; petioli aliquanto breves, subtus glabri, canale
pubescente, pilis subbrunnescentibus, curvatis; capitula fere ter-
minalia, pedunculis brevibus, bifariam pilosulis; bracteae cymas
subtendentes parvae, subulatae, carinatae, costa et marginibus parce
ciliolatis; bracteae majores cymulas subtendentes inaequales, lance-
olatae, acutae, deorsum rotundatae et carinatae, sursum planae,
subcoriaceae, ciliolatae, supra minute hirtellae, subtus parce hirtellae,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis; bracteae intimae parvae,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 363

anguste lanceolatae, acutae, subalbidae, 1-nervatae, ciliolatae, glabrae
vel ad costam pilos minutos ferentes; calycis segmenta anguste tri-
angularia, acuta, 3-nervata, subtiliter pubescentia, pilis ascendentibus;
corolla 2.5 em. longa, angusta, labiis subaequalibus, labio posteriore
ovato, subobtuso, labio inferiore oblongo, apice 3-lobato, lobis parvis,
triangularibus, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis, deorsum
parce pilosis.

Ficure 133.—Dicliptera danielii Leonard (Bro. Daniel 2970): a, Node showing leaf and
inflorescence; b, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) to show reticulation of veinlets;
c, one of the pair of bracts subtending the cyme; d, cymule; ¢, pubescence of margin
of the larger outer bract subtending cymule; f, one of the larger of the innermost bracts;
g, one of the smaller of the innermost bracts; A, calyx lobe; 1, pubescence near tip of
calyx lobe. (a, b, Natural size; ¢, d, f, g, twice natural size; ¢, 18 times natural size;
h, 5 times natural size; 1, about 30 times natural size.)

Herbs; stems weak, ascending, 30 em. high or more, subhexagonal,
glabrous or bearing a few minute retrorsely curved hairs near the
nodes; leaf blades ovate-lanceclate, up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
slenderly acuminate, narrowed at base, membraneous, entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute except the
costa and lateral veins, these more or less densely pubescent, the
venation obscure, the lower surface glabrous or nearly so, the costa
and lateral veins rather prominent, the veinlets prominently reticu-
lated, the cystoliths blackish, inconspicious even under a lens; petioles
up to 1.5 em. long, glabrous beneath, the channel pubescent with
brownish curved hairs similar to those of the costa; capitula mostly
axillary or only the very uppermost more or less confluent, the
peduncles up to 3 mm. long, pilosulous in 2 lines; bracts subtending
the cymes subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, carinate, the
costa and margins sparingly ciliate; bracts subtending the cymule
unequal, the larger 10 to 15 mm. long and 3 to 3.5 mm. wide, the
smaller one 7 to 8 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, both lanceolate, acute,

364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rounded and carinate toward base, flat toward tip, subcoriaceous,
ciliolate, the inner or upper surface minutely hirtellous, the lower
surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs curved and confined chiefly to
costa and veins, these prominent, the larger pair of the innermost
bracts 7 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the smaller 4.5 mm. long and 1
mm. wide, both pairs narrowly lanceolate, acute, whitish, l-nerved,
ciliolate, glabrous or the costa bearing a few minute hairs; calyx 4
mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide
at base, acute, 3-nerved, finely pubescent, the hairs ascending;
corolla 2.5 cm. long, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
1 mm. at 6 mm. above base, 4 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal,
about 8 mm. long, the upper one ovate, 5 mm. broad toward base,
subobtuse, the lower lip oblong, 3 mm. wide, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes
triangular, about 1 mm. long and broad, obtuse; stamens reaching
the tip of the upper lip, the filaments flat, sparingly pilose toward
base; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1879088, collected in
Jardin, southwest of Antioquia, Department of Antioquia, Colombia,
July 1942, by Brother Daniel (No. 2970). Isotype: US.

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material studied.

19. Dicliptera scandens Leonard, sp. nov. Iicure 134

Suffrutex diffusus, ramosus, caulibus subhexagonis, deorsum glabris,
sursum puberulis, pilis curvatis, praecipue in angulis positis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, acuta (apice ipso obtuso vel subacuto),
basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, membranacea, (sicca) saturate
viridis, utrinque glabra vel in costa ct venis lateralibus plus minusve
hirtella; petioli graciles, glabri vel canale plus minusve hirtelli ; capitula
fere terminalia, confluentia, racemum densum latum brevem forman-
tia, pedunculis brevibus, parce hirtellis, pilis curvatis; bracteae cymas
subtendentes parvae, subulatae, hirtellae; bracteac majores cymulas
subtendentes inaequales, lanceolatae, acuminatae, aliquanto dense
hirtellae, virides; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, albidae,
ciliolatae, marginibus hyalinis; calycis segmenta triangularia, 3-
nervata, dense pubescentia, pilis ascendentibus; corolla pallide
salmonacea, subtiliter pubescens, tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis
acqualibus, labio superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore ovato,
trilobato, lobis parvis, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis,
deorsum parce et minute pilosis.

A clambering suffrutescent herb up to 13 meters high; stem sub-
hexagonal, glabrous or the upper portions puberulous, the hairs minute,
curved, confined more or less to the angles; leaf blades oblong-
lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long and 3.5 em. wide, acuminate (the tip
itself obtuse or acutish), narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 365

petiole, thin, drying dark olive green, glabrous on both sides or the
costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) more or less hirtellous; petioles
slender, up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the channels more or less hir-
tellous; capitula mostly terminal, forming short compact thyrsi up to
about 2 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, the cymes 3- to 5-parted, the
peduncles up to 4 mm. long, flattened, puberulous, the subtending
bracts subulate, up to 2.5 mm. long, and 1 mm. wide, connate at base,
sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; cymules borne on hirtellous pedun-

Ficure 134.—Dicliptera scandens Leonard (Archer 1354): a, Tip of plant; 5, base of cyme
to show subtending bracts; ¢, the larger outer bract subtending the cymule; d, marginal
hairs of same; ¢, smaller outer bract subtending the cymule; f, one of the larger pair
of innermost bracts; g, one of the smaller pair of innermost bracts; h, calyx spread to
show segments; i, upper portion of calyx lobe enlarged to show pubescence (outer
surface); j, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show venation and pubes-
cence. (a, j, Natural size; b, 14 times natural size; c, e-h, twice natural size; d, 11
times natural size; i, 14 times natural size.)

cles about 1 mm. long, the larger outer bracts of the cymule unequal,
lanceolate, acute, ciliolate, sparingly hirtellous, the larger bract 14
mm. long and 4 mm. wide at middle, the costa and a pair of lateral
nerves predominating, the smaller bract 9 mm. long and 2 mm. wide
near base, the costa prominent, the innermost bracts narrowly
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, whitish, ciliolate, the hairs ascending,
up to 250 » long, the margins hyaline, the larger pair 6 mm. long and
1 mm. wide near base, the smaller pair 4 mm. long and slightly less

366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

than 1 mm. wide at base; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments triangular,
3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at base, acute, strongly 3-nerved,
ciliolate and densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 250u long;
corolla pale salmon, finely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.7 mm. long,
spreading, a few of them gland-tipped, the tube about 2 em. long,
2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above base to 1 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 6.5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal,
about 1 cm. long, the upper lip ovate, 7 mm. wide near base, the lower
lip oblong, 7 or 8 mm. wide at throat, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes ovate,
2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, obtuse; stamens reaching the
tip of the lips, the filaments flat, glabrous near tip, sparingly and
minutely pilose toward base, the hairs spreading or retrorsely curved,
up to 550u long; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1515091, collected at
La Sierra, 18 kilometers north of Medellin, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, January 1931, by W. A. Archer
(No. 1354).

20. Dicliptera sarcochroma Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 135

Herba luxuriosa, caulibus ramosis, ascendentibus, foliosis, sub-
hexagonis, deorsum glabratis, crassis, sursum puberulis, pilis minutis
et retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata, acuminata,
basi angustata, membranacea, integra vel undulata, (sicca) saturate
oleo-viridis, utrinque glabra vel subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus
gracilibus sed aliquanto prominentibus, cystolithis sub lente con-
spicuis, fere albidis; petioli graciles, glabri vel in canale parce puberuli,
pilis curvatis; capitula axillaria, pedunculis brevibus, puberulis;
bracteae cymas subtendentes parvae, subulatae, glabrae; bracteae
majores cymulas subtendentes inaequales, ciliolatae, glabrae, graciliter
venosae, costa plus prominente quam venis lateralibus ; bractea
superior rhombeo-ovata, acuta, inferior lanceolata, acuta, cuspidata;
bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, minute ciliolatae,
I-nervatac, sursum hirtellae, marginibus subhyalinis; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, parva, ciliolata, acuta, 3-nervata, sursum
hirtella, subhyalina; corolla incarnata, parce et minute pubescens,
tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis subaequalibus, ovatis, labio superiore
obtuso, inferiore trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis.

Herbs up to 1 meter tall; stems ascending, branched, leafy, sub-
hexagonal, the upper portions puberulous, the hairs minute and
retrorsely recurved, the lower portions glabrous, stout, up to 7 mm. in
diameter or more; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and
6 cm. wide slightly below the middle, narrowed at base, acuminate,
thin, entire or undulate, drying dark olive green, both surfaces
glabrous or nearly so, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) slender

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 367

Ficure 135.—Dicliptera sarcochroma Leonard (Cuatrecasas 15468): a, Node showing in-
florescence; b, basal portion of stem leaf (upper side); ¢, tip of same (lower side); d,
portion of leaf blade (lower surface slightly enlarged to show cystoliths); ¢, basal portion
of cyme to show subtending bracts; f, the larger of the pair of bracts subtending a
cymule; g, the smaller one; A, one of a pair (larger) of innermost bracts; 7, one of a
pair of smaller innermost bracts; j, calyx, spread to show lobes; k, pubescence from
margin of bract (f, above); J, tip of calyx lobe to show pubescence; m, tip of lower lip
of corolla (immature). (a@-c, Natural size; d, 7, 114 times natural size; ¢, 3 times natural
size; f-i, twice natural size; &, 12 times natural size; 1, 18 times natural size; m, 5 times
natural size.)

but rather conspicuous, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens,
about 0.25 mm. long, usually whitish; petioles slender, 5 cm. long,
glabrous or the channels sparingly puberulous with curved hairs;
capitula axillary, the lowermost peduncles up to 7 mm. long, puber-
ulous, those of the thyrsi up to 0.5 mm. long, puberulous; bracts

368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

subtending the cymes subulate, usually up to 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, glabrous; outer bracts subtending the cymules unequal, glab-
rous, ciliolate, delicately veined, the costa more pronounced than
the lateral veins, the superior bract rhombic-ovate, 12 mm. long,
5 mm. wide near the middle, acute, the inferior bract lanceolate,
7 mm. long and barely 2 mm. wide slightly below the middle, acute,
cuspidate; innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, thin,
minutely ciliolate, 1-nerved, hirtellous toward tip, the margins
subhyaline, the larger pair 5 to 6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide near
base, the smaller pair 4 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide near base;
calyx 3 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 2 mm. long and
0.75 mm. wide at base, 3-nerved, acute, ciliolate, hirtellous toward
tip, subhyaline; corolla flesh-colored, sparingly and minutely pubes-
cent, the lower portion of the tube 1 mm. broad, the throat 4 mm.
broad, the lips subequal, ovate, about 4 mm. long, the upper lip
obtuse, the lower one 3-lobed, the lobes about 0.5 mm. long and wide,
rounded; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, No. 1852703, collected in
forest at La Laguna, on the left side of the valley of the Rio San-
juniquin, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,250 to 1,400 meters
altitude, December 10-20, 1943, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15468).

Dicliptera sarcochroma is very closely realted to D. cuatrecasasii,
resembling it in many respects. Both are lush growers, have large
thin and nearly glabrous leaf blades, thick subglabrous stems and
similar bracts. In D. sarcochroma, however, the long marginal hairs
of the larger bracts subtending the cymules are entirely lacking.
The inflorescence of D. cuatrecasasii is much more crowded than that
of D. sarcochroma, forming dense terminal spikelike thyrsi. The
epithet sarcochroma (cdpé, flesh, and xpaya, color) alludes to the color
of the corollas.

21. Dicliptera hazenii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 136

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, subramosis, subhex-
agonis vel deorsum teretibus, glabris vel sursum praeccipue in nodis
minute et parce hirtellis; folia reflexa, laminis ovato-lanccolatis,
acuminatis (apice ipso obtuso vel acuto), basi angustatis, in petiolum
breviter decurrentibus, membranaceis, integris vel undulatis, (siccis)
saturate oleo-viridibus, supra glabris vel parce hirtellis, costa et
venis lateralibus aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis curvatis et sub-
adpressis, subtus glabris vel parce hirtellis, costa et venis aliquanto
hirtellis, venulis majoribus parallelis, minoribus crasse reticulatis,
prominentibus, cystolithis albidis, parvis; petioli breves, pubescentes,
pilis minutis adpressis; capitula praecipue axillaria vel sursum
aggregata, thyrsos densos terminales formantia; pedunculi inaequales,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 369

hexagoni, glabri vel aliquanto et minute hirtelli, pilis retrorse subad-
pressis; bracteae cymas subtendentes anguste lanceolatae, carinatae,
1-nervatae, ciliolatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos minutos ferentes;
bracteae majores cymulas subtendentes inaequales; bractea superior
lanceolata, acuta, basi angusta, 3-nervata, viridis (vel basi marginibus
albida), minute et aliquanto hirtella extus et in marginibus pilos
sursum adpressos subtus ascendentes ferens; bractea inferior oblonga,
acuminata, ciliolata, 3-nervata, sursum subviridis, deorsum albida,
utrinque minute hirtella; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae,
acuminatae, ciliolatae, albidae vel apice subvirides; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, acuminata, obscure plurinervata, minute
ciliolata, glabra vel apice minute hirtella; corolla rutila, subtiliter
pubescens, pilis patulis, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis subae-
qualibus, ovatis, labio superiore obtuso, labio inferiore apice trilobato,
lobis rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis parce pilosis,
pilis retrorse ascendentibus; capsulae parvae, complanatae, dense
puberulae, pilis patulis vel basi retrorse ascendentibus; semina
brunnea, suborbicularia levia vel obscure aspera.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems ascending,
sparingly branched, subhexagonal (or the lower portions terete),
glabrous or the tips minutely and sparingly hirtellous especially at
the nodes; leaves usually reflexed, the blades ovate-lanceolate, up
to 8 em. long and 3 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt or sharp),
narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, firmly mem-
branacous, entire or undulate, drying dark olive green, the upper
surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous except the costa and lateral
veins (5 or 7 pairs), these rather densely hirtellous, the hairs curved
and subappressed, the lower surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
except the costa and lateral veins, these moderately hirtellous, the
hairs curved and subappressed, up to 0.5 mm. long, the veinlets
coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths whitish, 375u long; petioles up to 5
mm. long, pubescent, the hairs minute, appressed; capitula mostly
axillary but several of the uppermost confluent, forming a short
terminal spikelike thryse, the peduncles of the capitula unequal, up
to 6 cm. long, successively shorter toward summit of the plant, all
subhexagonal, glabrous or moderately and minutely hirtellous, the
hairs retrorsely subappressed ; cymes usually 5-parted, the subtending
bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, carinate
and 1-nerved, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs, ciliolate, the
larger of the outer bracts subtending the cymules lanceolate, 8 to 10
mm. long, 1.5 to 2.25 mm. wide slightly above the middle, acute,
gradually narrowed from above the middle to the base, 3-nerved,
green (or the basal marginal area whitish), minutely and moderately
densely hirtellous, the hairs about 350 long, upwardly appressed on

370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the outer surface and margins, erect on the inner surface, the smaller
outer bract subtending the cymules oblong, about 6.5 mm. long and
1.25 mm. wide, acuminate at the tip, ciliolate, 3-nerved, the upper
half greenish, the lower half whitish, the pubescence that of the outer
bract, the innermost bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate,
whitish, the larger pair 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the inner pair 4.5 to 5

Vicure 136.—Dticliptera hazenit Leonard (Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8695): a, Node to show
inflorescence; b, larger, outer bract subtending the cymule; c, marginal hairs of same;
d, the smaller of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; e, one of a pair (larger)
of the innermost bracts; f, one of the pair of the smaller innermost bracts; g, calyx,
spread to show lobes; Af, portion of calyx lobe enlarged to show marginal hairs; 1, tip of
corolla, spread to show lobes of lower lip. (a, Natural size; b, d-g, twice natural size;
c, 12} times natural size; 4, 10 times natural size; 2, 2!% times natural size.)

mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base; calyx 4.5 mm. long, the segments
narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, acuminate,
obscurely several-nerved, glabrous except the tips, these minutely
hirtellous; corolla peach red, up to 12 mm. long, finely pubescent, the
hairs spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 2.25 mm. broad at
base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to 1 mm., thence gradually
enlarged to 4.5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, ovate, 7 mm. long,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 371

and 5 mm. wide near base, the upper lip obtuse, the lower 3-lobed, the
lobes suborbicular, 0.75 mm. long and wide, rounded; stamens reaching
the tip of the upper lip, the filaments flat, sparingly pilose, the hairs
about 0.5 mm. long, retrorsely ascending; capsules 9 mm. long, 5 mm.
broad, 2 mm. thick, densely puberulous, the hairs 375y long, spreading,
or the lowermost retrorsely ascending; seed brown, smooth or obscurely
roughened, flat, suborbicular, barely 3 mm. in diameter, about 0.5
mm. thick.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1142664, collected on
the bank of Rio Quindio, above Armenia, Department of Caldas,
Colombia, 1,300 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 25, 1922, by Francis
W. Pennell, Ellsworth P. Killip, and Tracy E. Hazen (No. 8695).
Isotype: Ph.

A specimen collected in a clearing along the Rio San Rafael below
Cerro Tatami, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 2,200 to 2,400 meters
altitude, September 7-11, 1922, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 10320)
(G) is also of this species.

Pennell states that the corollas are jasper red externally and jasper
pink internally. He tells us, furthermore, that this plant is a “‘tall
herb,” but there is no mention of its exact height.

22. Dicliptera inamoena Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 137

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris
vel parce puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis, appressis, minutis; lamina
foliorum (infima non visa) oblongo-ovata, acuta vel acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi obtusa, in petiolum breviter decurrens,
integra vel undulata, subcoriacea, supra glabra, costa et venis
lateralibus obscuris, costa dense puberula, pilis curvatis, subtus
(sub lente) minute punctata, glabra vel parce hirtella, costa et venis
lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus, cystolithis subnigris; petioli
breves, glabri vel parce puberuli, pilis curvatis; capitula axillaria et
terminalia, sursum aggregata, thyrsum densum formantia, pedunculis
brevibus (vel infimis elongatis), hexagonis, puberulis, pilis retrorse
curvatis, minutis, pedunculis cymularum brevibus, quadrangularibus,
puberulis, pilis retrorsis, minutis; folia cymas subtendentes parva;
bractea major exterior cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuta,
deorsum angustata, extus minute et aequaliter puberula, pilis minutis,
arcte appressis, venulis obscuris, intus glabra vel minute hirtella,
costa et venis ac venulis reticulatis, prominentibus; bractea minor
cymulam subtendens lanceolata, acuminata, aliter bracteae superiori
similis; bracteae intimae anguste lanceolatae, acuminatae, pallidae vel
sursum virides, extus minute adpresse puberulae, intus subglabrae;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, minute puberula, albida;
corolla minute pilosa, tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis aequalibus,

372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

labio superiore ovato, acuto, inferiore late ovato, apice rotundato,
trilobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis
planis, glabris vel deorsum parce pilosis; ovarium minute hirtellum.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending, subhex-
agonal, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs retrorsely curved,
appressed, 375 long; leaf blades (only the upper ones present)
oblong-ovate, up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, acute or acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), obtuse at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
entire or undulate, firmly membranaceous, the upper surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), these obscure, puber-

Ficure 137,.—Dicliptera inamoena Leonard (Triana, Taquerres): a, Tip of branch to show
inflorescence; b, enlarged portion of leaf blade (lower surface) to show minute punctae;
e, the larger of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; d, marginal hairs of
same; ¢, the smaller of the outer pair of bracts subtending the cymule; f, one of the
innermost bracts; g, calyx; h, marginal hairs of one of the calyx segments. (a, Natural
size; b, about 10 times natural size; c, e-g, twice natural size; d, 13 times natural size;
h, 20 times natural size.)

ulous with minute curved hairs, the costa sometimes densely so, the
lower surface minutely scurfy under lens, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs about 0.2 mm. long, the venation more prominent
than above, the cystoliths up to 0.2 mm. long, blackish; petioles up
to 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous with curved hairs;
capitula axillary, the uppermost aggregated to form terminal spike-
like dense thyrsi about 2 cm. long and 1.5 em. broad, the peduncles
up to 5 mm. long (or the lowermost elongated, up to 6.5 cm. long),

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 373

hexagonal, puberulous, the hairs retrorsely recurved, about 125y long,
the cymules subsessile, their peduncles 0.5 mm. long, quadrangular,
retrorsely puberulous; cymes 5-parted, subtended by small leaves up
to 2.5 cm. long and 12 mm. wide, similar, except in size, to the
lowermost stem leaves, the larger outer bract subtending the cymule
lanceolate, 12.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide (measurements made from
middle cymule), acute, narrowed from middle to base, the outer
surface minutely and evenly puberulous, the hairs 150u long, closely
appressed, the venation obscure, the inner surface glabrous or minutely
and sparingly hirtellous, the costa, lateral veins and reticulated vein-
lets more prominent than on the outer surface, the smaller outer
bract subtending the cymule lanceolate, 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide,
long-acuminate, the lower half not appreciably narrowed, pale toward
base, in other respects resembling the larger bract; innermost bracts
narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, acuminate,
pale or greenish toward tip, the outer surface minutely appressed
puberulous, the inner surface essentially glabrous; calyx 4.5 mm. long,
minutely puberulous, whitish, the segments narrowly triangular, 3
mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base; corolla about 2 cm. long, pilose,
the hairs spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at
base, narrowed at 4.5 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., 3 mm. broad at
mouth, the lips equal, 4 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, 2.5 mm. wide
at base, acute, the lower lip broadly ovate, 3.25 mm. wide near base,
the rounded tip 3-lobed, the lobes 0.25 mm. long and wide, obtuse;
stamens barely exserted, the filaments sparingly and retrorsely pilose
toward base; ovary sparingly and minutely hirtellous; capsules not
seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Tuiquerres, Department
of Narifio, Colombia, 1,700 meters altitude, June 1853, by J. Triana
(No. 4093-1). Isotype: Col.

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material of the
type. The specific epithet alludes to the weedy appearance of the
plant.

23. Dicliptera megalochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 138

Herba luxurians, caulibus subhexagonis, retrorse puberulis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
tenuis, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
puberulis, cystolithis minutis, inconspicuis, atrobrunneis; petioli
graciles, puberuli; cymae axillares pleurumque 3-partitae, pedunculis
hexagonis, puberulis; bracteae cymas subtendentes subulatae; cymulae
pedunculatae, bracteis cymulam subtendentibus magnis, duobus
subsimilibus, late ovatis, obtusis et apiculatis, basi truncatis, firmis,
integris, ciliolatis (pilis curvatis), glabris vel parce puberulis, costa et

374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis conspicuis, crasse reticulatis;
flores plures, conferti, sessiles; bracteae intimae plures, parvae,
triangulares, acutae, ciliatae et parce hirtellae; calyx tenuis, sub-
albidus, intus glaber, extus dense puberulus, pilis glanduliferis et
eglanduliferis instructus, segmentis anguste triangularibus, acuminatis;
corolla alba, deorsum glabra, sursum hirtella, bilabiata, labio superiore
lanceolato, apice obtuso, inferiore oblanceolato, apice minute trilobato,
lobis parvis, rotundatis; stamina leviter exserta; antherae loculi
superpositi; filamenta subglabra vel deorsum parce hirtella; ovarium
apice parce hirtellum, basi annulum striatum, glabrum, minute
lobatum ferens; capsulae ovatae, planae, acutae, puberulae; retinacula
oblique acuta.

Ficure 138.—Dicliptera megalochlamys Leonard (a-e, i, Pennell 4499; f-h, Herb. Bayén):
a, Tip of plant; b, cymule bracts; ¢, one of the inner bractlets; d, calyx; ¢, pubescence of
calyx; f, corolla; g, tip of stamen; A, ovary and disk; i, disrupted capsule valve. (a,
Half natural size; b, f, natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, twice natural size; ¢, 40
times natural size; g, i, 3 times natural size: A, 5 times natural size.)

Coarse herbs up to 60 em. high or more; stems subhexagonal,
retrorsely puberulous, the lower portions 5.5 mm. or more in diameter;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 8 em. wide, acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, sometimes obliquely so,
thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (4 to 6 pairs), these puberulous, the hairs 125 to 200u
long, curved, subappressed, the cystoliths minute, inconspicuous,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 375

dark brown, up to 250u long; petioles slender, up to 6 cm. long or
more, puberulous; cymules axillary, peduncled, usually in 3-parted
peduncled cymes, these solitary or in pairs, the inflorescence of mature
plants forming a loose panicle up to 30 cm. long and 10 cm. broad;
peduncles of the cymes up to 15 mm. long from base to fork, above
fork up to 1 cm. long (lateral) and 15 mm. long (middle), ascending
hexagonal, puberulous with curved hairs; bracts subtending the cyme
subulate, up to 4 mm. long and about 0.25 mm. wide at base; bracts
subtending the cymules similar in size or one slightly smaller than the
other, both broadly ovate, 1.2 to 2 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse
and apiculate at tip, truncate at base, firm, entire, ciliolate with
curved hairs, otherwise glabrous or sparingly puberulous near base,
the venation prominent, the costa and the 3 or 4 pairs of lateral nerves
predominating, the veinlets coarsely and conspicuously reticulate,
the intercostal areas if viewed under lens and against light, minutely
reticulate; flowers 8 or more, crowded, sessile, the subtending bracts
(several pairs) triangular, 1.5 mm. long and wide, acute, ciliate and
sparingly hirtellous; calyx thin, whitish, 6 mm. long, subglabrous
within, densely puberulous without a mixture of straight stout
truncate or gland-tipped hairs 50u long and longer straight or curved
pointed ones up to 200y long, the calyx segments narrowly triangular,
3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, acuminate; corolla white, 2 cm.
long, the lower half glabrous, the upper hirtellous, the hairs spreading,
125u long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 1 cm. above
base to 1.5 mm., the mouth about 2.5 mm. broad, the upper lip lanceo-
late, 14 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the lower lip oblanceolate,
about 12 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide near tip, minutely 3-lobed, the lobes
rounded, about 0.5 mm. long and broad; stamens exserted about 6
mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anther lobes super-
posed, 1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, the filaments subglabrous or
sparingly hirtellous toward base; ovary sparingly hirtellous at tip,
the basal portion enclosed by a striate glabrous minutely lobed
coroniform disk 1.25 mm. long and 1 mm. broad; capsules ovate,
1 em. long, 5 mm. broad, 1.75 mm. thick, acute, puberulous; retinacula
1 mm. long, obliquely acute; seed not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
in forest at Boca Antizales, on Rio Esmeralda, Department of Bolivar,
Colombia, 800 to 1,100 meters altitude, February 26, 1918, by Francis
W. Pennell (No. 4499).

A specimen collected at Tocarema, 2,200 meters altitude (ex Herb.
Bay6én) (Valle), is also of this species.

376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

24. Dicliptera batilliformis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 139

Herba diffusa, caulibus ascendentibus, subhexagonis, deorsum
glabris, sursum bifariam puberulis, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso subacuto), basi angustata,
tenuis, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
basi dense puberulis, pilis subbrunneis et curvatis, cystolithis sub
lente conspicuis; petioli aliquanto graciles, subtus glabri, supra
puberuli; cymulae solitariae vel in paribus, axillares; pedunculi glabri
vel bifariam puberuli, apice complanati, prope basim geniculati,
aliquando bifurcati, in nodis bracteas parvas subulatas ferentes;
bracteae cymulas subtendentes subsimiles, ovatae, apice rotundatae
vel late obtusae et apiculatae, basi truncatae vel rotundatae, sub-
chartaceae, glabrae, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis
crasse reticulatis, prominentibus; flores plures, subsessiles; bracteae
intimae parvae, triangulares, subcostatae, acutae, ciliatae; calyx basi
glaber, sursum dense puberulus, pilis conicis vel subtruncatis et
gracilibus acutis intermixtis instructus, segmentis triangularibus,
acutis; corolla alba labio purpureo-maculato, tubo deorsum glabro,
sursum hirtello, limbo bilabiato, labio superiore obovato, rotundato
vel obtuso, labio inferiore anguste ovato, apice trilobato, lobis parvis,
rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis planis, hirtellis; antherae
loculi superpositi; ovarium glabrum, annulo cupuliformi.

Rambling suffrutescent herbs up to 1.3 meters high; stems up to
2 cm. in diameter at base, ascending, subhexagonal, glabrous or the
tips puberulous, the hairs curved and confined chiefly to the grooves;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, acuminate
(the tip itself subacute), narrowed at base, thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous except the costa and basal portions of the
lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs), these and the costa densely puberulous,
the hairs brownish and curved, the cystoliths 125 to 175u long,
conspicuous under a lens; petioles rather slender, up to 5.5 cm. long,
glabrous ventrally, the channel puberulous as is the costa; cymes
solitary or in pairs, axillary, the peduncle glabrous or bifariously
puberulous, flattened and 3 to 3.5 mm. broad at tip, forked at 3 to
5 mm. above base, the portion above the node up to 3 cm. long,
bearing at node a pair of minute subulate bracts about 1 mm. long,
these often deciduous; the large cymule bracts similar but. slightly
different in size, the posterior bract up to 23 mm. long and 20 mm.
wide, the anterior up to 18 mm. long and 15 mm. wide, both ovate,
rounded or broadly obtuse and apiculate at tip, truncate or rounded
at base, subchartaceous, glabrous, bearing prominent cystoliths,
conspicuously veiny, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the costa
extended through the flattened portion of the peduncle; flowers

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 377

several, subsessile, subtended by several pairs of thin subcostate
triangular acute ciliate bracts about 1 mm. long and wide; calyx
3.5 mm. long, densely puberulous except the glabrous basal portion
of the narrowly campanulate tube, the pubescence a mixture of
conical or subtruncate and more slender sharply pointed hairs, the
calyx segments triangular, 1 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base,
acute; corolla white with purple-mottled lip, glabrous except the
medial portions and outer surface of the lips, these hirtellous, the
hairs spreading, about 0.25 mm. long, the tube 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, the mouth 4 mm. broad, the upper lip obovate, about 11 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse, the lower lip narrowly
ovate, 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed at apex, the lobes about
1 mm. long, rounded, the middle one 1 mm. wide, the lateral ones

i
Lih

Ficure 139,—Dicliptera batilliformis Leonard (Lawrance 258): a, Node showing portion
of inflorescence; b, stem leaf; c, cymule; d, one of the inner bracts; ¢, calyx; f, pubes-
cence of calyx; g, pistil; A, corolla; 1, tip of stamen. (a, 6, Half natural size; ¢, A,
natural size; d, ¢, 1, 2}4 times natural size; f, about 25 times natural size; g, 344 times
natural size.)

slightly narrower; the stamens slightly exceeding the upper lip of
the corolla, the anther lobes superposed, 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
broad, the filaments flattened, dorsally hirtellous, the hairs up to
80u long; ovary glabrous, the disk low and cupuliform; capsules
not seen.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
along a stream in thick forest in the region of Mount Chapon, De-

388179—57——5

378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

partment of Boyact, Colombia, ‘3,400 ft.” altitude, June 28, 1932,
by A. E. Lawrance (No. 258). Isotype: US.

The specific epithet alludes to the shovel-shaped cymule bracts.
Dieliptera batilliformis is closely related to D. megalochlamys differing
chiefly from that species in its rounded ovate cymule bracts definitely
longer than broad, and the short-stalked simple or forked cymes.
The cymule bracts of D. megalochlamys are broader than long and
cymes 3-parted instead of forked, the subtending bracts of the node
larger, and the basal segment of the peduncle considerably longer.

25. Dicliptera sanctae-martae Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 140

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris
vel sursum aliquanto puberulis, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-lanceolata’ vel oblongo-ovata, subacuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, tenuis, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra
vel in costa et venis lateralibus minute et parce hirtella, cystolithis
sub lente conspicuis, supra in costa densis et parallelis; petioli glabri
vel parce hirtelli; cymae solitariae vel binae, axillares, plerumque
3-partitae; pedunculi leviter complanati, glabri vel parce _hirtelli,
pilis plus minusve curvatis, cystolithis sub lente prominentibus;
bracteae cymas subtendentes subulatae vel aliquando anguste lanceo-
latae, parvae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; bracteae cymulam sub-
tendentes aliquanto parvae, bractea inferior aliquanto minor quam
superior, ambae suborbiculares, rotundatae et apiculatae, basi
cordatae, virides vel basi albidae, glabrae vel parce ciliatae, costa
aliquanto prominente, venis et venulis reticulatis aliquanto obscuris;
flores plures, conferti, subsessiles; bracteae intimae parvae, lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, subhyalinae, glabrae vel parce ciliolatae; calyx
tenuis, subalbidus, subhyalinus, minute hirtellus, pilis ascendentibus,
segmentis triangularibus, acutis; corolla rosea, tubo deorsum glabro,
sursum hirtello, pilis retrorsis ascendentibus, bilabiata, labio superiore
ovato, rotundato, labio inferiore oblongo, apice trilobato, lobis
parvis, rotundatis; stamina exserta; antherae loculi superpositi;
filamenta complanata, sursum glabra, deorsum parce pilosa; ovarium
glabrum vel parce hirtellum, basi annulum obliquum ferens.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, subhexagonal,
glabrous or moderately puberulous, the hairs curved; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, subacuminate (the tip itself
obtuse), narrowed at base, thin to moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs)
sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the cystoliths conspicuous under
a lens, about 0.5 mm. long, crowded and parallel on costa of the upper
surface; petioles up to 4.5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous;
cymes solitary or in pairs, axillary, mostly 3-parted, the peduncles

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 379

from base to node up to 2 cm. long, from node to cymules, up to 2.2 cm.
long, subhexagonal, slightly flattened, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
the hairs more or less curved, the cystoliths prominent under a lens;
bracts subtending the cymes subulate or sometimes narrowly lanceo-
late, up to 4 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; cymule bracts
suborbicular, up to 13 cm. long and wide, the posterior bract about
2 mm. longer and wider than the anterior bract, both bracts rounded
and subapiculate at tip, cordate at base, thin, green (or in a small basal
area whitish), glabrous or sparingly ciliatae, the costa rather prom-
inent, the lateral veins and reticulations of the veinlets rather obscure,
the cystoliths prominent under a lens; flowers several, subsessile, the
subtending bracts lanceolate, 2.25 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, acumin-

Ficure 140.—Dicliptera sanctae-martae Leonard (H. H. Smith 1411): a, Inflorescence; b,
one of a pair of bracts produced at peduncle node; ¢c, cymule bracts; d, one of the inner-
most bracts subtending flowers; ¢, calyx; f, tip of calyx segment to show pubescence;
g, corolla; A, tip of stamen; i, pistil. (a, Half natural size; b, d, e, 3 times natural size;
c, g, natural size; f, 40 times natural size; A, 414 times natural size; 7, 7 times natural
size.)

ate, subhyaline, glabrous or sparingly ciliolate; calyx 2.25 mm. long,
whitish, subhyaline, minutely hirtellous except the glabrous basal
portion, the hairs ascending, the calyx segments triangular, 1.25 mm.
long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute; corolla 15 to 20 mm. long,
rosy, moderately hirtellous (the basal portion glabrous), the hairs
retrorse, up to 250 long, the corolla tube 2 mm. broad at base, nar-
rowed at 2 mm. above base to 1 mm., the mouth 2.5 mm. broad, the
upper lip ovate, about 1 cm. long and 6 mm. wide, rounded at tip,
the lower lip oblong, up to 11 mm. long, and 2.5 mm. wide, 3-lobed

380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

at tip, the lobes rounded, about 0.5 mm. long and broad; stamens
barely reaching tip of the upper corolla lip, the anther lobes super-
posed, about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, the filaments flattened,
glabrous at tip, sparingly pilose toward base; style slightly shorter
than the stamens, the stigma bilobed, the lobes linear, obtuse, about
0.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous, the basal
disk oblique, about 0.5 mm. long; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703911, collected along
stream in damp woods, near Cacagualito, vicinity of Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, ‘1500 feet”’ altitude, December
1898, by H. H. Smith (No. 1411). Isotypes: GH, K, Mo, NY, S.

Dreliptera sanctae-martae, when compared with other Colombian
species, is well marked by its small suborbicular cordate cymule bracts.
According to Smith, it was not observed anywhere except in the type
locality.

26. Dicliptera rhombochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 141

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subhexagonis, puberulis, _pilis
curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel subacuminata (apice ipso obtuso)
vel aliquando acuta, basi angustata, satis firma, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra vel subglabra, costa et venis lateralibus puberulis,
pilis curvatis, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli aliquanto
graciles, puberuli vel subtus glabri, pilis curvatis; cymae solitariae
vel binae, axillares, 3-partitae, pedunculis subhexagonis, puberulis,
pilis sursum curvatis et subappressis; bracteae cymas subtendentes
subulatae; bracteae cymulam subtendentes rhombicae, bractea
inferior aliquanto minor quam superior ambae acutae vel subobtusae,
glabrae vel parce puberulae; bracteae intimae parvae, anguste tri-
angulatae, acutae, puberulae, pilis subappressis; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, hirtella, pilis acutis, eglanduliferis et pilis
glanduliferis intermixtis; corolla violacea, deorsum glabra, sursum
pilosula, pilis patulis vel recurvatis, tubo angusto, labio superiore
anguste ovato, subobtuso, labio inferiore subsimili, apice trilobato,
lobis parvis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta; antherae loculi super-
positi; filamenta complanata, deorsum parce et retrorse pilosula;
capsulae ovoideae, complanatae, dense et retrorse pilosulae, pilis
albis; retinacula parva, oblique cucullata.

Herbs up to 40 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending, sub-
hexagonal, puberulous with curved hairs; leaf blades ovate, up to
8 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, obtuse or subacuminate with blunt tip or
sometimes acute, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or
undulate, both surfaces glabrous or nearly so except costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs), these more or less puberulous with curved hairs,
the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous, up to 0.5 mm. long; petioles

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 381

rather slender, up to 2 cm. long, puberulous with curved hairs or
sometimes glabrous bencath; cymes solitary or in pairs, axillary,
3-parted, the peduncles up to 5 mm. long from base to fork and 3 to 12
mm. long above fork, subhexagonal, puberulous, the hairs upwardly
curved and subappressed; bracts at fork of peduncle subulate, 3 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. wide at base; cymule bracts rhombic, the posterior
bracts up to 15 mm. long and 13 mm. wide, the inferior slightly
smaller, both acute or subobtuse, narrowed at base, firm, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous toward base; interior bracts subtending the

Ficure 141.—Dicliptera rhombochlamys Leonard (Rusby & Pennell 487): a, Tip of plant;
b, bracts subtending cyme; c, one of the innermost bracts subtending flower; d, calyx;
¢, pubescence of tip of calyx segment; f, corolla; g, capsule valve disrupted. (a, f,
Natural size; 6, g, twice natural size; c, d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 25 times natural size.)

flowers narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute,
puberulous, the hairs subappressed; calyx 3 mm. long, hirtellous
except the glabrous base, the slender pointed hairs (up to 100u
long and ascending) intermixed with gland-tipped hairs about 25y
long, the segments narrowly triangular, 1.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide
at base, acute; corollas up to 17 mm. long, violet, finely and rather
densely pilosulous except the basal portion, the hairs spreading or
retrorsely curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, the tube 1.25 mm. broad at
base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. slightly above base, thence gradually
narrowed to 2 mm. at mouth, the upper lip narrowly ovate, 9 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, subobtuse, the lower lip lightly longer and narrower

382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

than the upper, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.75 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted 6 mm. beyond mouth of corolla
tube, the anther lobes superposed, 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, the
filaments flattened, retrorsely and sparingly pilosulous toward base ;
capsules ovoid, flattened, 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick,
densely and retrorsely pilosulous, the hairs white, up to 0.2 mm. long;
retinacula 1 mm. long, obliquely cucullate and acute; seed not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1041359, collected in
quebrada thicket east of Neiva, Department of Huila, Colombia,
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and F. W.
Pennell (No. 487). Isotypes: GH, NY.

A specimen collected at Anolaima, Department of Cundinamarca,
2,200 meters altitude, August 1855, by J. Triana (K), is also of this
species.

The specific epithet is derived from AéySos and xauyts, in allusion to
the rhomboid cymule bracts.

27. Dicliptera nanodes Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 142

Herba parva, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,
glabris; lamina foliorum ovata, acuta vel subacuminata (apice ipso

Ficure 142.—Dicliptera nanodes Leonard (Pérez-Arbeldez 3106): a, Tip of plant; 2, base
of cyme to show bracts; c, one of the innermost bracts subtending the flowers; d, calyx;

?

é, tip of calyx segment to show character of pubescence; f, retinaculum. (a, Natural
size; b, 3 times natural size; c, f, 5 times natural size; d, 444 times natural size; e¢, 40
times natural size.)

subobtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris, cystolithis sub
lente pluribus et prominentibus; petioli aliquanto breves, glabri;
cymae solitariae, 2- vel 3-partitae; pedunculi glabri; bracteae cymas

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 383

subtendentes subulatae, glabrae; bracteae cymularum rhombico-
ovatae, acutae vel subacutae, basi angustatae, subchartaceae,
elabrae, costa et venis reticulatis sub lente prominentibus, bractea
inferior aliquanto minor quam superior; flores plures, sessiles;
bracteae intimae lanceolatae, acutae, ciliatae, costa prominente;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuta, ciliata, puberula, pilis
brevibus, glanduliferis; corolla matura ignota; capsulae ovoideae,
complanatae, puberulae, sursum pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
deorsum pilis retrorsis; retinacula parva, oblique cucullata, glabra
vel prope basim parce puberula; semina suborbicularia, complanata,
subbrunnea, leviter rugosa.

Low weak herbs up to 12 cm. high; stems erect or ascending,
subhexagonal, glabrous; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3 cm.
wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself subobtuse), narrowed at
base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous,
the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths
numerous and prominent under a lens, up to 375y long, straight or
slightly curved; petioles up to 5 mm. long, glabrous; cymes axillary,
solitary, 2- or 3-parted, the peduncles glabrous, 1.5 to 2 mm. long
from base to fork, 5 to 7 mm. long from fork to base of the cymule
bracts, the pair of bracts produced at the peduncle nodes subulate,
about 2 mm. long, glabrous; cymule bracts rhombic-ovate, acute to
subacute, narrowed at base, firm, subchartaceous, glabrous, the
veins coarsely reticulate, the costa and _ reticulations moderately
prominent under a lens, the posterior bract up to 12 mm. long and
10 mm. wide, the anterior up to 10 mm. long and 5.5 mm. wide, more
sharply acute at tip than the posterior bract; flowers several, sessile;
bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide near base, acute, ciliate, the hairs up to 75. long, ascending,
the costa prominent; bractlets similar to the bracts but smaller;
calyx 2 mm. long, the basal portion glabrous, the lobes narrowly
triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.3 to 0.4 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliate,
the hairs ascending, 75u long, the costa bearing a few hairs similar
to the marginal ones, the outer surface of the calyx segments mod-
erately puberulous with subpapilliform glandular hairs about
25u long; mature corolla not seen; style slender, about 17 mm. long,
the stigma oblong and rounded, slightly broader than the style,
sparingly puberulous toward base; capsules ovoid, 5 mm. long, 3 to
4 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick, puberulous, the hairs spreading or ascend-
ing at tip of capsule, but retrorse towards base; retinacula 1 mm.
long, obliquely cucullate, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs
toward base; seed suborbicular, flattened, about 2.5 mm. in diameter,
light brown, slightly and minutely roughened.

384. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1830088, collected
at Tocaima, Department of Cundinamarca, July 22, 1934, by E.
Pérez-Arbeliiez (No. 3106).

Dicliptera nanodes is characterized by its small size, glabrous
or nearly glabrous parts and relatively broad leaf blades. The
specific epithet is from the Greek vavwédns, meaning dwarfish.

28. Dicliptera columbiana Leonard, sp. nov. Fictre 143

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis, glabris
vel parce vel dense bifariam hirtellis, pilis recurvatis; lamina foliorum
ovata, subacuta vel subacuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata’
satis firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et venis
lateralibus plus minusve puberulis, pilis recurvatis, cystolithis pluribus
sed inconspicuis, atroviridibus vel subnigris; petioli aliquanto graciles,

Ficure 143.—Dicliptera columbiana Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 12355): a, Tip of plant; 5, node
at base of cyme to show bracts and winged peduncles; ¢, one of the innermost bracts
subtending flowers; d, calyx; ¢, pubescence of calyx; f, capsule valve; g, seed; h,
surface of seed to show roughening. (a, Natural size; b, twice natural size; ¢, 5 times
natural size; d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 35 times natural size; f, 244 times natural size;
g, 3 times natural size; h, 30 times natural size.)

glabri vel supra puberuli; cymac plerumque solitariae, axillares,
2- vel 3-partitae; pedunculi hexagoni, anguste alati, hirtelli, pilis
recurvatis; bracteae cymas subtendentes lineari-subulatae, acutae
vel obtusae; bracteae cymulam subtendentes aliquanto magnae,
bractea inferior aliquanto minor quam superior, ambae late ovatae,
obtusae, basi truncatae, tenues, virides, glabrae vel parce puberulae,
costa prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis, venulis crasse
reticulatis, sub lente prominentibus; bracteae intimae parvae, ovatae,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 385

parce hirtellae, puberulae, pilis glanduliferis et eglanduliferis inter-
mixtis; calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuta, puberula, pilis
glanduliferis et eglanduliferis intermixtis; corolla subpurpurea,
bilabiata, labio superiore ovato, obtuso, labio inferiore anguste
obovato, apice minute trilobato; antherae loculi superpositi; filamenta
complanata, parce hirtella; capsulae ovoideae complanatae, apice
subobtusae, dense et retrorse puberulae; retinacula oblique bilobata;
semina complanata, atrobrunnea, minute scabra.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, subhexagonal,
glabrous or sparingly to densely puberulous in 2 lines, the hairs
recurved; leaf blades ovate, up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
subacute or if subacuminate, the tip itself obtuse, narrowed at base,
drying dark olive green, rather firm, entire, undulate, both surfaces
glabrous except costa and basal portions of lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs),
these sparingly to rather densely puberulous with recurved hairs, the
cystoliths numerous but inconspicuous, dark green or blackish;
petioles rather slender, up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous or the channels
more or less puberulous; cymes mostly 2-parted (sometimes 3-parted),
the peduncles below the node 2 mm. long, hexagonal, hirtellous, above
node, 6 to 10 mm. long, hexagonal and narrowly winged, hirtellous, the
hairs recurved, 0.2 mm. long, the bracts borne at the node of the
peduncle linear-subulate, 2 to 4.5 mm. long, acute to obtuse, the larger
cymule bract up to 16 mm. long and 17 mm. wide, the smaller up to
13 mm. long and 13.5 mm. wide, both broadly ovate, obtuse, truncate
at base, firm, green, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the costa rather
prominent, the lateral nerves inconspicuous, the veinlets coarsely
reticulated, rather obscure unless viewed with a lens; innermost
bracts ovate, about 1.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute to sub-
acute, sparingly hirtellous; calyx 3 mm. long, puberulous with a mix-
ture of glandular and eglandular hairs, the calyx segments narrowly
triangular, 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, acute; corolla
purplish (lilas o moradas), finely pubescent, about 10 mm. long, the
upper lip ovate, about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, obtuse, the lower
lip about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes broadly
ovate, rounded, 0.5 mm. long; anther cells superposed, 1.25 mm.
long and 0.5 mm. broad; filaments flattened, sparingly hirtellous;
capsules ovoid, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 1.5 mm. thick, flattened,
obtusish at tip, densely and retrorsely puberulous, the retinacula
usually bilobed, 1 mm. long; seed suborbicular, flattened, 2.5 to 3 mm.
in diameter, 1.5 mm. thick, dark brown, roughened by minute
retrorse prickles.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1931893, collected along
trail between Guaduas and Alto de Aguaclara, at the Hacienda
Paramillo, west of Guaduas, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia,

386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

altitude 1,040 to 1,320 meters, July 24, 1947, by H. Garcfa-Barriga
(No. 12355). Garcia-Barriga’s No. 12347 (US), collected at the
same time and place, is also of this species.

Diclhiptera columbiana is related to D. megalochlamys and resembles
it in many ways; however, D. columbiana can be recognized by its much
shorter peduncles, and smaller stature, cymule bracts, and leaf blades.
29. Dicliptera compacta Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 144

Suffrutescens, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subhexagonis,
glabris vel nodis puberulis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, subacuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis aliquanto obscura, cystolithis sub
lente prominentibus; petioli glabri vel in marginibus canalis puberuli,

Ficure 144.—Dicliptera compacta Leonard (Triana, Copéd): a, Node to show inflorescence
and leaf blade; }, tip of cymule bract to show venation and cystoliths; ¢, a pair of the
innermost bracts; d, calyx; e, tip of calyx segment to show pubescence. (a, Natural
size; b, twice natural size; c, 344 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; é, 20 times
natural size.)

pilis curvatis; cymae plures, axillares, compactae, 3-partitae; pedunc-
uli infra nodum breves, glabri, hexagoni, apice complanati, angulis
acutis; bracteae cymas subtendentes parvae, subulatae; bracteae
cymulam subtendentes aliquanto magnae, bractea inferior aliquanto
minor quam superior, ambae late ovatae, obtusae, plus minusve
apiculatae, basi truncatae vel leviter cordatae, glabrae, subchartaceae,
costa et venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; bracteae
intimae basi connatae, anguste triangulares, acutae, ciliatae, sub-
hyalinae, cystolithis prominentibus instructae; calycis segmenta
anguste triangularia, acuta, puberula, pilis glanduliferis et eglandu-
liferis intermixtis.

Suffrutescent plants up to 30 cm. high or more; stems erect or

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 387

ascending, subhexagonal, glabrous or the nodes puberulous with
curved hairs; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 10 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,
subacuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, glabrous, the
costa and veins (5 or 6 pairs) rather obscure, the cystoliths prominent
and numerous under a lens, 250 to 375 long; petioles up to 2 cm. long,
glabrous or the margins of the channel puberulous with curved hairs;
cymes 3-parted, usually several in each axil, the peduncles 2 mm. long
from base to fork, 10 to 12 mm. long from fork to base of cymule
bracts, glabrous, hexagonal, flattened toward tip, the angles acute,
the cystoliths parallel, prominent under a lens; bracts produced at the
fork of the cyme subulate, 2.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad at base;
cymule bracts ovate, obtuse and more or less apiculate, truncate or
shallowly cordate at base, glabrous, firm, subchartaceous, the costa
and the coarse reticulations of the veins prominent, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous under a lens, the upper bract about 15
mm. long and wide, the lower 10 mm. long and wide; innermost bracts
subtending the flowers connate at base, narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliate, subhyaline, bearing prom-
inent cystoliths; calyx 3 mm. long, puberulous or glabrous near base,
the pubescence a mixture of acute ascending hairs up to 100u long and
shorter gland-tipped ones; corollas, ovaries and capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Copo near Tequendama,
Department of Cundinamarca, 500 meters altitude, July 1833, by
J. Triana (No. 4093-4). Isotype: Col.

Dicliptera compacta can be distinguished from D. columbiana,
possibly its closest relative, by the crowded inflorescences and the
relatively longer leaf blades. The specific epithet alludes to the
crowded cymes.

Subtribe 11b. Odontoneminae

Odontoneminae Lindau; Engl & Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV. 3b: 287, 334. 1895

Shrubs or herbs; inflorescence variable; flowers mostly large and
brightly colored; bracts and bractlets small; calyx mostly 5-parted,
rarely 4-parted or more or less 2-lipped; corolla 2-lipped, the tube
frequently long; stamens usually 2; staminodes 0 or 2; anther cells
equally or unequally affixed, muticous or spurred; capsules 4-seeded.
In Colombia the following genera are represented:

26. Odontonema

27. Razisea
28. Siphonoglossa

388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

26. ODONTONEMA Nees

Odontonema Nees in Linnaea 16: 300. 1842. The epithet is derived from the
Greek words ééovr0-, tooth, and vaya, thread, referring to toothed filaments.
Type species: Odontonema lucidum Nees (Justicia lucida Andr.). Type
locality: “in Insula Barbados.”’

Thyrsacanthus Nees in Mart. Fl Bras 9: 97, pl 13. 1847. The epithet is derived
from 6@tpcos, thyrse, and &xavOos, acanthus. Type species.: Thyrsacanthus
barlerioides Nees.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves often rather large, opposite, entire or
undulate; flowers borne in narrow terminal panicles or racemes;
calyx 5-parted, the segments subulate; corollas white, red, or yellow,
the tube relatively slender, the throat only slightly enlarged, the
limb 2-lipped, the lips subequal, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower
3-lobed, the lobes usually rounded; stamens 2, the anther lobes
parallel, narrow, blunt at base; staminodes 2; capsules clavate, the
solid basal portion slender; seeds 4.

The genus consists of 40 species or more, limited to tropical regions
of the Western Hemisphere. QOdontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze
(also known as Justicia coccinea) is often found in cultivation. It is
frequently difficult to distinguish between Odontonema and Pseude-
ranthemum, especially if the specimens offer only immature flowers.
The flowers of both genera possess two stamens and two staminodes.
The corollas of Pseuderanthemum, however, are usually smaller with
very small regular lobes, the tube very narrow, and the stamens
included. Those of Odontonema are larger, often several centimeters
long, the limb definitely 2-lipped, the lobes rather large and the
stamens exserted or at least reaching the mouth of the corolla tube.

KEY TO THE SPECIES
Leaf blades reduced from above middle to a narrow rounded or subauriculate

base.
Flowers scarlet; panicle relatively broad (5 em.)___-. 2-2 ee 1. O. coccineum
Flowers white; panicle narrow (2cm.)_______.._______.. 2. O. stenostachyum
Leaf blades cuneate at base.
Vines ___ wee ee eee ee 3. O. ampelocaule
Shrubs
Corolla lobes suborbicular.______._..________ ween eee _.. 4. O. rubrum

Corolla lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate.
Corolla up to 16 mm. long; leaf blades up to 7 cm. long. 5. O. interruptum
Corolla up to 3.5 cm. long; leaf blades up to 15 cm. long.

Corollas 2.5 to 3.5 em. long_.___________..._____. 6. O. bracteolatum
Corollas 1.5 to 1.7 em. long_______ 6a. O. bracteolatum var. parviflorum
1. Odontonema coccineum Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 145

Frutex gracilis, erectus, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris,
lenticellis parvis, orbicularibus vel ellipticis, plerumque in angulis
instructis, cystolithis parvis, subpunctiformibus, inconspicuis; lamina

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 389

foliorum oblonga, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
rotundata, firma, integra vel undulata vel leviter crenata, glabra,
supra costa et venis obscuris, subtus minute albo-punctata, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis
minutis, inconspicuis; petioli breves, glabri; panicula terminalis,
pedunculata, aliquanto densa, pedunculis et rhachibus parce hirtellis;

Ficure 145.—Odontonema coccineum Leonard (a-i, Haught 2055; j, Haught 2841): a, Leaf
blade; b, basal portion of panicle; c, tip of panicle; d, calyx and pistil; ¢, corolla; f,
pubescence of corolla enlarged to show shape of hairs; g, stamen and staminode; h,
pubescence of anther; i, one of the hairs from the anther enlarged to show shape; j, valve
of disrupted capsule. (a-c, Half natural size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, a little more
than natural size; f, 20 times natural size; g, 3 times natural size; h, 25 times natural
size; i, 50 times natural size; j, three-fourths natural size.)

390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

bracteae subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae et ciliatae; pedicelli
parce hirtelli; calycis segmenta subulata, glabra vel parce hirtella;
corolla coccinea, puberula, subventricosa, bilabiata, labiis subaequali-
bus, superiore bilobato, lobis anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis, in-
inferiore prope basim trilobato, lobis oblongis apice rotundatis,
subcucullatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis complanatis, glabris
vel basi parce hirtellis, antheris oblongis, lateribus puberulis; stamin-
odia inchoata; ovarium glabrum; stylus gracilis, glaber; lobi stigmatis
minuti, recurvati, angusti; capsulae clavatae, glabrae, obtusae et
apiculatac; retinacula subobtusa et subcucullata; semina suborbi-
cularia, plana, brunnea, rugosa.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high, slender, erect; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous, bearing scattered circular or elliptical corky lenticels
mostly about 0.5 mm. in diameter, these borne chiefly on the angles,
the cystoliths minute, subpunctiform, inconspicuous; leaf blades
oblong, up to 24 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide slightly above middle,
acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed to a rounded base about
1 cm. wide, firm, entire, undulate, or shallowly and indistinctly crenate,
glabrous, the cystoliths numerous, inconspicuous except under high
magnification, 1254 long, the lower surface minutely white-punctate,
the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) obscure above, prominent
beneath as are also the coarsely reticulate veinlets; petioles up to
5 mm. long, stout, glabrous; panicles terminal, peduncled, rather
dense, up to 15 cm. long and about 5 cm. broad, the branches flattened,
ascending, 1 to 3 pairs at each node, the lowermost up to 4 cm. long,
the others successively shorter toward tip of panicle; peduncles 2 to
7 cm. long, secondary peduncles up to 2.5 cm. long, both rachis and
peduncles sparsely hirtellous, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending;
lowermost branches of the panicle subtended by small leaf blades:
bracts subulate, up to 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, carinate,
sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long, sparingly
hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the
segments subulate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base; corollas
bright scarlet, puberulous (the hairs flattened, triangular, 25 to 75u
long), subventricose, 2.5 em. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base,
narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 2 mm. thence enlarged to 5 mm. at
throat, the lips subequal, 12 mm. long, the upper lip 2-lobed, the
lobes narrowly ovate, 6 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide, the lower lip
3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes oblong, 3 mm. wide, these and the
lobes of the upper lip rounded at tip, subcucullate; stamens slightly
exserted, 7 mm. long, the filaments 4 mm. long, flattened, glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous at base, the anthers oblong, 1 mm. broad,
their lateral surfaces puberulous, the hairs erect, 75 long, the
staminodes 0.5 mm. long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; style about 2 cm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 391

long, slender, glabrous, the stigma lobes recurved, 0.25 mm. long, as
broad as the style; capsules clavate, glabrous, 2.5 cm. long, 6 mm.
broad, 4.5 mm. thick, obtuse and apiculate; retinacula 3.5 mm. long,
subobtuse and subcucullate; seed suborbicular, about 6 mm. in diam-
eter, 1.5 mm. thick, brown, furrowed.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1742321, collected along
Viscaina Creek, 31 km. south of El Centro, in the vicinity of Barranca
Bermeja, Magdalena Valley, between the Rio Sogamoso and the Rio
Carare, Department of Santander, Colombia, 100 meters altitude,
November 3, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 2055).

Antioquia: Dense woods along the Savaletas railway line between Puerto
Berrio and Rio Nuz, 300 to 500 meters altitude, Dec. 12, 1884, Lehmann 4104 (K).

SANTANDER: Damp place in lowland windfall along Margarita Creek, vicinity
of Barranca Bermeja, 100 to 500 meters altitude, October 7, 1934, Haught 1379
(US). Along stream in forest about El Centro, vicinity of Barranca Bermeja,
100 meters altitude, June 11, 1939, Haught 2841 (US).

Wirnovut Locauity: Purdie s.n. (KX).

Odontonema coccineum is a well-marked species easily recognized
by its tall slender habit, by its large glabrous firm leaf blades narrowed
to a small rounded base and supported by a short stout petiole, and by
its rather large and compact panicle of brilliant showy crimson
flowers. The leaf blades resemble those of Odontonema amplexicaule
(Nees) Kuntze of Brazil, but that species has a racemose inflorescence

and pubescent stems.
2. Odontonema stenostachyum Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 146

Frutex gracilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, (siccis) nigris,
aliquanto puberulis; lamina foliorum sessilis vel subsessilis, late
lanceolata vel oblongo-obovata, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi
angustata, plus minusve auriculata, aliquanto firma, undulata, supra
(sicca) subnigra, glabra vel costa parce hirtella, cystolithis obscuris,
minutis, subtus (sicca) atroolivacea, glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
parce hirtellis, conspicuis, venulis subtiliter sed crasse reticulatis;
panicula (sicca) nigra, terminalis, solitaria, longa, angusta, pedunculo
et rhache hirtellis; bracteae parvae, acuminatae, glabrae vel parce
hirtellae; pedunculi secundarii breves; pedicelli puberuli; bracteolae
subulatae, acuminatae, carinatae, glabrae vel parce puberulae;
calycis segmenta subulata, acuminata, glabra vel apice parce puberula;
corolla alba, glabra, lobis ellipticis, rotundatis, venosis; stamina
(immatura) brevia; staminodia parva; capsulae clavatae, basi solido
gracili, (siccae) nigrae, obscure puberulae vel glabratae; semina
atrobrunnea, plana, rugosa.

Slender, sparingly branched shrubs up to 1 meter high or more;
stems subquadrangular (the angles rounded), drying blackish, moder-
ately puberulous, the hairs ascending, about 0.25 mm. long, the basal

392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

portion of the stem 7 mm. in diameter or more; leaves sessile or sub-
sessile, the blades broadly lanceolate or oblong-obovate, up to 26 cm.
long and 8.5 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed to a
more or less subauriculate base, moderately firm, undulate, the upper

Ficure 146.—Odontonema stenostachyum Leonard (Lopex €¥ Sanchez 63): a, Tip of plant;
b, node of inflorescence; ¢, calyx; d, tip of a calyx segment; ¢, a lobe of the corolla
limb; f, stamen and staminode; g, valve of a disrupted capsule. (a, Half natural size;
b, g, natural size; c, f, 3 times natural size; d, 15 times natural size; ¢, twice natural size.)

surface drying blackish, glabrous or the costa sparingly hirtellous,
the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the cystoliths obscure and minute,
125 long, the lower surface drying dark olive green, minutely rough-
ened, glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (about 20 pairs),

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 393

these sparingly hirtellous, conspicuous, the veinlets delicately and
rather coarsely reticulate; panicles drying black, terminal, solitary,
narrow, up to 47 cm. long and 2 em. broad, the peduncle up to the
first pair of bracts as much as 20 cm. long, the lowermost internode
up to 9 cm. long, the other successively shorter toward tip of panicle,
the lowermost nodes (1 or 2) sterile, the others bearing fascicles of
crowded short branches, the peduncle and rachis moderately hirtel-
lous, the lowermost pair of bracts lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long, 1.5
mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the
others similar but successively smaller toward tip of panicle; secondary
peduncles up to 2 mm. long, pedicels up to 6 mm. long, both peduncles
and pedicels puberulous; bracts of the panicle branches subulate, up
to 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, carinate, acuminate, glabrous
or sparingly puberulous; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments subulate, 0.25 mm. wide at base, acuminate, glabrous
or nearly so; corollas white, glabrous, about 1 cm. long (immature),
the lobes elliptical, 8 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, rounded, the veins
prominent; stamens 3 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, the staminodes 0.5 mm. long, rounded at tip; capsules clavate,
20 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad, 3.5 mm. thick, drying black, obscurely
puberulous or glabrous with age, the solid stipitate portion 12 mm.
long, slender; retinacula 4 mm. long, minutely striate, 0.75 mm.
thick at base, the tip thin and suberose; seed brownish black, flattened,
about 3 mm. in diameter, roughened.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995100, collected in
rain forest along Carretera al Mar near Villa Arteaga, Department of
Antioquia, Colombia, 150 meters altitude, December 26, 1948, by F.
Lépez and M. J. Sanchez (No. 63). Isotype: US, 1995101.

Hodge’s No. 7034 (US), collected in the same locality, August
4-8, 1947, is also of this species.

Odontonema stenostachyum is easily recognized if compared with
other Colombian species by its long slender panicle of relatively small
white corollas and by its subauriculate leaf blades. The specific
epithet is from the Greek, orevés, slender, and oraxus, spike, i. @.
inflorescence.

3. Odontonema ampelocaule Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 147

Frutex scandens, caulibus glabris vel parce et minute strigosis,
cortice pannoso; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acumi-
nata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel
undulata, supra glabra, cystolithis minutis, subtus glabra, costa et
venis prominentibus parce strigosis exceptis, venulis crasse reticulatis;
petioli breves crassi, glabri vel parce strigosi; racemi terminales,
graciles, pedunculo parce hirtello, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,

388179—57 6

394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rhache dense hirtella, pilis antrorse curvatis, septatis; bracteae lineari-
lanceolatae, subcarinatae, dense vel parce hirtellae et ciliatae; brac-
teolae anguste triangulatae, acutae, parce hirtellae et ciliatae; flores
in nodis plures, pedicellis gracilibus, hirtellis, pilis fere patulis; calyces

Ficure 147.—Odontonema ampelocaule Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 12473): a, Section from
lower part of stem showing leaves; }, tip of branch showing inflorescence; ¢, portion of
leaf blade (upper surface) showing veinlets and cystoliths; d, node of raceme showing
bracts and bractlets; ¢, portion of internode of the raceme enlarged to show pubescence;
f, calyx; g, stamen and staminode, (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d, twice
natural size; ¢, 18 times natural size; f, 4 times natural size; g, 6 times natural size.)

parce hirtelli, tubo campanulato, segmentis triangularibus, graciliter
acuminatis; corolla aliquanto magna, rubra, puberula, tubo infundi-
bulari, leviter ventricoso, intus basi dense retrorse piloso, labiis sub-
aequalibus, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 395

planis, glabris vel pilis rectis ascendentibus praeditis, lobis antherarum
divergentibus, dense dorso puberulis, pilis rigidis patulis; staminodia
quam stamina brevioria, filamentis planis, glabris, antheris sterilibus
pilosis; stigma minute bilobatum, lobis obtusis; ovarium glabrum.

Vine; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly and minutely
strigose, the bark sometimes separating in shreds loosely attached to
the stems; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 19.5 cm. long and 6.8 cm.
wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed and acute or
subacute at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous, the cystoliths minute, up to 0.8 mm. long, the lower surface
glabrous except the costa and veins (6 pairs), these sparingly strigose,
the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, the venation prominent, the veinlets
coarsely reticulate; petioles up to 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
strigose; racemes terminal, slender, up to 25 cm. long, the peduncle
4 cm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs 0.25
mm. long, spreading or ascending, the lowermost internode of the
raceme 6 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of
the racemes, all rather densely hirtellous with curved ascending septate
hairs up to 0.28 mm. long; bracts (the lowermost pair sterile) linear
lanceolate, up to 5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide near base, hirtellous
and ciliate; bractlets narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
wide at base, acute, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate; flowers several at
each node, the pedicels slender, up to 8 mm. long, hirtellous; calyx 3 to
4 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous, the tube campanulate, the segments
triangular, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate; flowers
2.5 em. long, red, puberulous with hairs up to 1 mm. long, the tube
3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.29 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, slightly ventricose,
densely and retrorsely pilose within near base, the lips subequal, 4 to
5 cm. long, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long and 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, rounded,
the margins rugose (dried flowers) ; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip of the corolla, the filaments flattened, glabrous or bearing a
few straight ascending hairs up to 0.24 mm. long, the anthers 3.25
mm. long and 1 mm. broad near base, the cells diverging, densely
puberulous dorsally, the hairs stiff, spreading, up to 0.6 mm. long, the
staminodes about two-thirds as long as the filaments of the fertile
stamens, their filaments flat and glabrous, bearing sterile pilose an-
thers, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; style somewhat shorter than the
stamens, the stigma bilobed, the lobes minute, obtuse; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1932293, collected at
the Hacienda Curiche, El Pefién, between the Rios Bunque and Murca,
Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,050 to 1,420 meters alti-
tude, August 1-3, 1947, by H. Garcfa-Barriga (No. 12473).

396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

The similarity of the leaf blades and inflorescence of Odontonema
ampelocaule and O. schomburgkianum (Nees) Kuntze of British
Guiana suggests a relationship between the two species. 0. schom-
burgkianum, however, is a shrub only about 1 meter high and has
a glandular inflorescence and larger flowers (up to 4 cm. long).

The type material consists of a section of stem about 45 em. long
bearing toward the lower end two short branches, one of which is
terminated by the raceme. Both branches are noticeably reflexed.
Garcia-Barriga states in his label notes that the stems are quite thick
(“tallos gruesos”), so the entire plant must reach a considerable
height. Its scandent nature suggests its specific epithet which is
from the Greek, dyedos, vine, and xavdés, stem.

4, Odontonema rubrum (Vahl) Kuntze
Justicia rubra Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 1. 1798. Type collected at Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, by Rohr.

Thyrsacanthus ruber Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 326. 1847. Based on J usticia

rubra Vahl.

Odontonema rubrum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 492. 1891. Based on Justicia
rubra Vahl.

Suffrutescent, the branches spreading, the upper portions subte-
tragonal, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascending,
up to about 0.5 mm. long, more or less curved and disposed in two
lines, the lower portions subterete, light gray, subnitid; leaf blades
lanceolate to elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 5.2 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or sparingly hirsute toward base, the hairs
1 mm. long, the upper surface drying dull olive, the costa and lateral
veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the lower surface lighter and nitid, the
venation, including the coarsely reticulated veinlets, rather prominent;
petioles up to 5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute; spikes
terminal, slender, the flowers more or less secund, the peduncle up to
2.5 cm. long, this and the rachis hirtellous, the hairs spreading, 0.5 mm.
long; bracts lanceolate, the lowermost pair 10 mm. long and 1.5 mm.
wide, the others successively smaller toward tip of spike, all acuminate,
glabrous or sparingly hirsute; bractlets similar to the bracts but much
smaller; pedicels slender, ca. 4 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs 125y
long; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments narrowly triangular, 4 to 4.5 mm.
long, 1 to 1.25 mm. wide at base, acute, sparingly to moderately
puberulous, the hairs up to 50u long; corollas 2.5 em. long, red, finely
and moderately puberulous, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed
at 5 mm. above base to 1.25 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm.
at 15 mm. above base and constricted again at throat to 3 to 4 mm.,
the lips 5 mm. long, subequal, the upper deeply 2-lobed, the lower
3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, obtuse;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 397

filaments about 9 mm. long, glabrous; anthers 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
broad; staminodes 4 to 5 mm. long, glabrous; ovary glabrous; style
about 2 cm. long, glabrous, the stigma linear, but slightly broader
than the style; capsules not seen.

The largish red flowers more or less secund in terminal loose racemes
suggest, as Nees points out in his description of Thyrsacanthus ruber,
the species Odontonema schomburgkianum from British Guiana. The
above description was drawn from Smith’s No. 1390, a plant which
differs in several respects from Rohr’s type. The leaf blades of
Smith’s specimen are broadly lanceolate or elliptic (5.2 cm. wide)
instead of narrowly lanceolate (2 cm. wide) as in Rohr’s collection,
and the racemes are hirtellous instead of glabrous. The large red
corollas, however, with their short lips divided into obtuse suborbi-
cular lobes, typical of both Rohr’s and Smith’s specimens, leads one
to include them in the same species. O. bracteolatum also varies
in the relative width of the leaf blades and in the amount of pubescence
on stems and inflorescences.

The following notes accompany H. H. Smith’s sheet in the New
York Botanical Garden: “Shrub, 2-4 ft. with few branches, and often
drooping or procumbent; air roots are frequent. Flower scarlet.
Locally common in damp mountain forest about 5000 ft. The
specimens were collected above Las Nubes, Dec. 17.”

MacpaLena: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1390 (NY, GH, Ph, 8); Rohr s.n.,
represented by photograph Field Mus. No. 22203 (US).

5. Odontonema interruptum (H. B. K.) Kuntze

Justicia interrupta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 232. 1817. Type collected

near Santa Ana, Colombia, by Humboldt.

Thyrsacanthus interruptus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 326. 1847. Based on Justicza

interrupta H. B. K.

Odontonema interruptum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 484. 1891.

Shrub; branches terete, smooth, bearing scattered minute appressed
hairs; leaf blades oblong, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed
at base, the upper surface blackish green, the lower pale, both sur-
faces reticulately veined, nitid, glabrous except the costa, this strigose-
hirsute; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long, pubescent; racemes terminal, pedun-
culate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long; peduncles hirsute; flowers solitary, short-
pedicelled, opposite, distant; bracts linear, hirsute, longer than the
pedicels; calyx hirsute, the segments linear, equal; corolla 2-lipped,
the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-parted; stamens included, the
anthers oblong, the locules approximate, parallel.

No specimens seen. The description is drawn from the original
and that of Nees. The included stamens and small size of the corolla
indicate a possibility that this may be a Pseuderanthemum. A
photograph of Humboldt’s specimen in the Berlin Herbarium is in

398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the U.S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 9515); this shows that
the leaf blades are 5-7 cm. long and 2—2.6 cm. wide, and that the
corollas are about 1.6 cm. long, measurements somewhat larger than
those given by Nees.
6. Odontonema bracteolatum (Jacq.) Kuntze

Justicia bracteolata Jacq. Coll. Bot. 3: 253. 1789.

Odontonema bracteolatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 2:492. 1891. Based on Justicia

bracteolata Jacq.

Suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high, sometimes becoming
diffuse and subscandent with age; stems erect, simple or sparingly
branched, the lower portions terete, 7 mm. in diameter or more,
glabrous, bearing minute subpunctiform cystoliths and low parallel
elongated lenticels (up to 3: mm. long), the upper portion and rachis
quadrangular or subquadrangular and more or less hirsute, the hairs
whitish, spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades
lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm. long and 4.5 em. wide but
usually narrower, acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, dull
to subnitid, entire or undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirsute or
glabrous, the hairs ascending or spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, the
cystoliths of the upper surface numerous, conspicuous under a lens,
up to 225» long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure
to rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles up to
1 cm. long but usually only about 5 mm. long, hirtellous to hirsute,
or sometimes subglabrous; flowers borne in racemes or narrow terminal
loose to dense panicles usually 10 to 20 cm. long and 1 to 5 cm. broad,
the lateral branches of loose panicles usually basal, solitary or in pairs,
up to 2 cm. long, several-flowered, the upper portion of the panicle
often racemose, the flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts, the basal
nodes of the inflorescence often bearing a pair of small leaves; peduncles
of the lateral branches and pedicels slender, flattened, hirtellous, up to
5 mm. long; bracts subending the flowers subulate or narrowly tri-
angular, curved, up to 3 mm. long, carinate, hirtellous, the hairs
ascending, 0.25 mm. long; calyx 2 to 3.5 mm. long, hirtellous to
subglabrous, the segments lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, 0.5 to 0.75
mm. wide at base; corollas scarlet, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, moderately
pubescent, the hairs mostly spreading, 100 to 125 long, the tube 3.5
mm. broad at base, narrowed at 6 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the upper portion subventricose, the
upper lip oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, 2-lobed at tip,
the lobes oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, obliquely obtuse
at tip, the lower lip equaling or slightly longer than the upper, deeply
3-lobed, the lobes oblong-lanceolate, up to 13 mm. long and 3 mm.
wide, obliquely obtuse at apex; stamens reaching notch of the upper
lip of the corolla, the filaments flattened, hirtellous near base, the hairs

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 399

up to 150u long, the anthers 4 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad; staminodes
up to 1 cm. long, tipped by rudimentary anthers; ovary glabrous;
capsules clavate, up to 25 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, 4 mm. thick, the
solid stipe slender, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad at base of
cavity, the tip of the capsule acute; retinacula 3 mm. long, subulate;
seeds 4, suborbicular, 3.5 mm. long and broad, 1 mm. thick, light
brown, deeply muricate.

Odontonema bracteolatum varies greatly in the relative width of
leaf blades, the amount of pubescence of the rachis and upper portion
of the stems, and in the amount of branching of the panicle. The
leaf blades of Dugand & Garcia-Barriga’s No. 2493 do not exceed
21 mm. in width whereas in Allen’s No. 866 they are as much as 4.5
cm. wide. Smith’s Bonda specimen possesses a densely hirsute stem
and rachis but a slender, lax, almost racemose inflorescence, only the
lowermost flowers borne on sparingly branched peduncles. At the
other extreme, Haught’s No. 3946 has a rachis and upper stem portion
almost glabrous and a compact crowded panicle, its lateral branches
produced several in a cluster from the base to the tip of the inflores-
cence. Variation between these extremes are exhibited by the other
specimens cited.

The species is usually found growing along shaded streams in
forests at 70 to 800 meters altitude. It produces showy panicles of
bright red corollas and blooms more or less throughout the year.
Endemic.

AtLANTIco: Piojo, vicinity of Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 742 (US).

Botfvar: Between Cartagena and Turbaco, Dugand & Jaramillo 2852 (US).

Maapatena: Bonda, H. H. Smith 1389 (in part) (NY, US). Cincinati,
Giacometto 94 (US). Codazzi, Haught 3727 (US). Jiracasaca, H. H. Smith
1389 (in part) (NY, Ph). Manaure, Haught 3946 (US). Poponte, Allen 866
(Mo). Rfo Ariguanf, near Caracolicito, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2493 (US).
Rio Hacha, Haught 4484 (US). Minca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, alt.
600 m., Cardona, Gutiérrez & Barkley 18C. 089 (Med, US).

Norte pe SANTANDER: La Esmeralda, Killip & Smith 20932 (GH, NY, US).

Wirnout Locauity: Photograph (Field Mus. No. 32704) of Jacquin Herbarium
sheet from Vienna Herbarium (US).
6a. Odontonema bracteolatum (Jacq.) Kuntze var. parviflorum Leonard, var. nov.

Folia angusta, lanceolata; corolla parva, 15-17 mm. longa, cetera
formam typicam similis.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2028723, collected at
Cacaguilito, region of Santa Marta Mountains, Department of
Magdalena, Colombia, ‘1500 ft.” altitude, May 1899, by H. H.
Smith (No. 1389, in part). Isotypes: Ph, NY. The variety is also
represented by the following collections:

AtiAntico: Hacienda Riodulce, vicinity of Los Pendales, 20 to 50 meters
altitude, Dugand & Jaramillo 4153 (US).

400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

MaqpaLEena: Rinecédn Hondo, Allen 368 (Mo). Tucurinea, Romero 608 (Ch).
Donama, Giacometto 78 (US).

Wirnovut Locauitry: Linden 703, represented by photograph Field Mus. No.
32706 (US).

Odontonema bracteolatum var. parviflorum differs in no way from
the typical form except in the size of the corolla, this being 15 to 17
mm. long instead of 25 to 35 mm. long. The leaf blades of the
specimens examined are predominantly narrow, not exceeding 3 cm.
in width. However, narrow-leafed plants of the typical form with
large corollas are common.

Nees’ Thyrsacanthus bracteolatus is based on Jacquin’s plant and
Linden’s No. 703. Linden’s collection, as can be readily seen from
the photograph (No. 32706), is of the small-flowered form.

27. RAZISEA Oerst.

Razisea Oerst. Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn, 1854: 142. 1854. Named for
Razis, an Arabian botanist of the 10th century. Type species; Razisea
spicata Oerst. Type locality: Aguacate, Costa Rica

Shrubs bearing rather large, oblong-ovate, mostly glabrous leaves
and terminal peduncled spikelike racemes of brilliant red flowers;
pedicels short; bracts and bractlets lanceolate, small; calyx small,
deeply segmented, the segments 5, narrowly triangular and short-acu-
minate; corolla narrowly infundibular, slightly curved, the lips short,
the upper one narrow and acute, the lower lip broad, 3-lobed at tip,
the lobes small and suborbicular; stamens 2, exserted, the filaments
flattened; anthers 1-celled, blunt at each end; style exserted, the
stigma 2-parted; ovary glabrous; capsules clavate, 4-seeded.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Panamé, and Colombia.

The genus consists of a single species.

1. Razisea spicata Oerst. Ficure 148

Razisea spicata Oerst. Vid. Medd., Nat. For. Kjébenhavn 1845: 142. 1845,

Type collected in dense mountain woods of Aguacate, Costa Rica, by
Oersted.

Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems subquadrangular, nitid, glabrous
or puberulous, the hairs minute, white, curved, disposed more or less
in two rows; leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, up to 21 em. long
and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface
glabrous, subnitid, the cystoliths minute, obscure, the lower surface
minutely white-papillose, drying a lighter green than the upper
surface, glabrous or the lateral veins (8 to 12 pairs) and margins of
the costa puberulous, the cystoliths sometimes numerous and con-
spicuous under a lens, up to 150y long, the venation rather prominent,
more so than above; petioles up to 5 cm. long, glabrous; flowers

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 401

borne in narrow terminal spikelike racemes up to 20 cm. long and 6 cm.
broad, the flowers erect or ascending, usually numerous, the peduncle
up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or bifariously puberulous; rachis puberulous;
pedicels up to 1.5 mm. long, puberulous, the hairs curved; lower-
most bracts narrowly triangular, up to 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide
at base, acuminate, glabrous, the other bracts similar but successively
smaller toward tip of inflorescence; bractlets triangular, up to 2 mm.
long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, acute, glabrous; calyx 5 mm. long,

Ficure 148.—Razisea spicata Oerst. (Lawrance 198): a, Tip of plant; 6, portion of the
leaf blade to show cystoliths and minute papillae of the lower surface; c, bract and
bractlets; d, calyx; ¢, tip of expanded corolla; f, tip of corolla before expansion; g,
anther. (a, Half natural size; b, 23 times natural size; c, 3}4 times natural size; d, 144
times natural size; ¢, f, natural size; g, 2}4 times natural size.)

deeply segmented, the segments narrowly triangular, 1 mm. wide at
base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous, bearing numerous
minute cystoliths, these conspicuous under a lens; corolla brilliant
red, glabrous or sparingly and minutely hirtellous, up to 4 cm. long,
the tube 2.5 mm. broad near base, gradually enlarged to 7 mm.
at mouth, the tip, before expansion, obliquely truncate, the upper
lip ovate, 6 mm. long and about 4 mm. wide, abruptly bent before
expansion of flower to cover the broad short more or less saccate

402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lower lip, this 3-lobed at tip, the lobes suborbicular, about 1 mm.
long and broad; stamens exserted about 10 mm. beyond mouth of
corolla tube, the filaments winged, glabrous; anthers glabrous, rounded
at each end; style about as long as the stamens; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.

Although limited in range in Colombia, this species seems to be
rather widespread in Costa Rica and Panama&. In the last-named
regions the species varies greatly in size of leaf blades, amount of
pubescence, length of pedicels, and number of flowers.

Boyack: Thick forested region of Mount Chapén, Lawrance 198 (K, NY.
S, US).

Coniwananca: Forests of Pancho on the La Palma Highway, 1,000 meters
altitude, Haught 6013 (US). Sasaima, Herbarium of Fidel Pombo (Col).

28. SIPHONOGLOSSA Oerst.

Siphonoglossa Oerst. Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn, 1854: 159 1854. From
the Greek cigwy, tube, and yAéooa, tongue, in allusion, probably, to the
slender-tubed corollas. Type species: Siphonoglossa ramosa Oerst. Type
locality: Province of Tehuacdn, Santa Lucfa, México.

Shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; bracts none; bractlets small; leaf
blades entire; flowers sessile, solitary or few, borne in the axils of
the uppermost leaf blades or occasionally on short peduncles; calyx
segments 4, narrow, short-acuminate; corollas white, blue, or purple,
the tube slender, elongated, terete, the limb 2-lipped, the upper
lip entire or 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading; stamens 2,
adnate to the mouth of the corolla tube, included or exserted but not
reaching beyond the upper lip of the corolla, the anthers 2-celled,
the cells more or less superposed; staminodes none; stigmas slightly
2-lobed; capsules clavate, usually 4-seeded.

Siphonoglossa is small genus of tropical or subtropical plants
consisting of about a dozen species, ranging from the southern United
States to northern South America.

1. Siphonoglossa calcarea Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 149

Suffrutex parvus, caulibus striatus, teretibus, dense _hirtellis,
pilis albis, curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, subacuta, basi rotundata,
in petiolum breviter decurrens, supra glabra vel parce hirtella,
costa dense hirtella, subtus mediocriter hirtella, costa et venis magis
prominentibus, venulis subtiliter reticulatis; petioli graciles, breves,
dense hirtelli, pilis curvatis; flores solitarii et axillares, vel pauci
in pedunculis brevibus, dense hirtellis; bracteolae subulatae, parvae,
hirtellae; calycis segmenta acuminata, hirtella; corolla purpurea,
tubo angusto, cylindrico, hirtello, pilis patulis, bilabiata, labiis
subglabris, labio superiore ovato, rotundato, labio inferiore trilobato,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 403

lobis ellipticis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis brevibus,
glabris, loculis antherarum plus minusve superpositis; stylus sursum
glaber, deorsum minute hirtellus; stigma lineari-lanceolatum; cap-
sulae clavatae, dense hirtellae, pilis patulis; retinacula brevia, apice
truncato-rotundata; semina 4, plus minusve complanata, tuberculata.

Small branched suffrutescent plants up to 8 cm. high; stems up to
2 mm. in diameter, terete, striate (at least the upper portions),
densely hirtellous, the hairs white, variously curved, about 0.25 mm.
long; internodes mostly 1 cm. long, occasionally up to 2.5 cm. long; leaf

Ficure 149.—Siphonoglossa calearea Leonard (Haught 3929): a, Portion of plant; b, portion
of stem to show pubescence; ¢, leaf; d, node from upper portion of stem to show inflores-
cence; ¢, calyx and one of a pair of bractlets; f, anther. (a, c, Natural size; 5, d, twice
natural size; ¢, 244 times natural size; f, 4 times natural size.)

blades ovate, up to 2 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide, subacute, rounded
at’ base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the costa more densely so, the
hairs about 0.25 mm. long, white, curved, the costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs) delicate and rather obscure, the lower surface
moderately and finely hirtellous, especially the veins, the hairs
similar to those of the upper surface, the costa and lateral veins
more prominent than those above, the veinlets rather finely and
delicately reticulate; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, densely

404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the leaf blades; flowers one
to several, sessile in the axils of the uppermost leaves or terminating
axillary peduncles up to 4 mm. long, these as are the stems, densely
hirtellous; bractlets subtending the calyx subulate, up to 2.5 mm.
long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
point, hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, hirtellous, the segments narrow,
0.75 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip; corollas
purplish red (Haught), 15 to 17 mm. long, hirtellous (the lobes
sparingly so), with spreading hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the tube
cylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter at base, reduced at 3 mm. above base
to 1 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 1.5 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip ovate, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide near base, the tip rounded,
the lower lip 3-parted, the lobes elliptic, about 6 mm. long and 3.5
mm. wide, rounded; stamens inserted near the mouth of the corolla
tube, the filaments 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm. long,
their lobes more or less superposed; style about 15 mm. long, glabrous
toward tip, minutely hirtellous from about the middle to base, the
stigma linear-lanceolate; capsules clavate, 7 to 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, about 1.5 mm. thick, densely hirtellous, the hairs spreading,
1004 long, mostly straight and spreading, the capsule narrowed to a
blunt tip, the solid basal stipe about 2.5 mm. long; retinacula 0.75
mm. long and nearly as broad, concave, rounded-truncate at tip;
seeds 4, about 1.25 mm. in diameter, somewhat flattened, tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1708760, collected on
very dry limestone soil at La Paz, Department of Magdalena, Colom-
bia, 200 meters altitude, January 14, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No.
3929).

Tribe 12. IsoGLOSsSEAB
Isoglosseae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 47. 1893; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf.
IV, 3b: 287. 1895.

This tribe has Giirtelpollen (pollen grains usually lens-shaped
or ellipsoidal with a pore at each of the poles and a prickly belt around
the equator), and 2- or 1-celled anthers.

Subtribe 12a. Porphyrocominae

Shrubs or herbs; flowers often borne in thick spikes, the bracts
imbricate; calyx 5-parted, the segments equal or unequal; corolla
2-lipped ; stamens 4 or 2; anthers 2-celled, the sacs equally or unequally
affixed; capsules 4-seeded. Four Colombian genera are represented:

29. Fittonia

30. Kalbreyeriella
31. Syringidium
32. Megaskepasma

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 405

29. FITTONIA E. Coem.

Fittonia E. Coem. FI. des Serres 15: 185. 1865. Named for Elizabeth and Sarah
Mary Fitton, authors of ‘Conversations on Botany” and friends of Robert
Brown. Type species: Fittonia verschaffeltit (Lem.) E. Coem.

Herbs; leaves petioled, ovate, the blades rounded, cordate at base,
the costa and veins colored; spikes peduncled, terminal, the flowers
borne singly in the axils of the rather conspicuous ovate rounded
overlapping 4-ranked bracts; calyx 5-parted, the segments lanceolate,
ciliate; corolla hypocrateriform, 2-lipped, the upper lip narrow, entire,
incurved, the lower one recurved, 3-lobed; stamens 2, included, at-
tached to the corolla tube near its throat, the anthers 2-celled, the
cells equal; capsules 4-seeded.

In addition to the type species, two others, F’. argyroneura E. Coem.
and F. gigantea Linden, have been described, both based on Peruvian
material. Because of their attractive foliage with its brightly colored
veins they are often found cultivated in greenhouses.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Veins of the leaf blades white_-_-_------------------------ 1. F. argyroneura
Veins of the leaf blades purple-_--------------------------- 2. F. verschaffeltii
1. Fittonia argyroneura E. Coem. FicureE 150

Fittonia argyoneura E. Coem. FI. des Serres 16: 103. 1865-1867. Originally
described from cultivated material whose source was probably Pert.

Repent herbs; stems pilose or subtomentose, the hairs dull whitish,
more or less spreading, up to 2.5 mm. long, more or less disposed in
two lines; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 4.5 em. wide, obtuse
or rounded at apex, rounded and subcordate at base, rather thin,
entire or undulate, ciliate, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, spreading;
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, nitid, drying bright
green, marked by conspicuous white coarsely netted veins, the lower
surface drying dull green, the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs)
pilose, not colored as above; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long, pilose except
the more or less glabrous channels, the hairs spreading, up to 1.75
mm. long; flowers borne in terminal peduncled spikes up to 3 cm.
long or more and about 1 cm. broad, the peduncles (up to 6 cm. long)
and rachises pilose, the bracts quadrifarious, ovate, up to 8 mm. long,
and 5 mm. wide, obtuse to subacute, apiculate, ciliate and sparingly
pilose, the hairs whitish, spreading or ascending, up to 1 mm. long,
some of them gland-tipped; bractlets subhyaline, lanceolate, up to
5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip, rather sparingly hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous
or the basal portion glabrous, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 4
mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to slender tips;
corolla pale yellow, 12 to 13 mm. long, the throat 2.5 mm. broad, the

406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

upper lip ovate, 2.5 mm. long, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
similar in size to the upper lip; stamens reaching the tip of the lobes,
the anthers 2.5 mm. long, the lobes narrow, parallel, rounded at base,
the filaments 4 mm. long, pubescent; ovary glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous at tip. Style as long as the stamens, glabrous, the stigma
bilobed, the lobes about 0.1 mm. long; capsules not seen.

Fittonva argyroneura, a forest plant, is mostly prostrate with only
the tips ascending, the nodes rooting and the leaves often resting flat
on the ground. All the species of the genus are distinguished by the
conspicuous colored netted veining of the upper surface of the leaf
blades. This one prefers rather low altitudes (300 to 760 meters).
Specimens from Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia are in the U. S. National
Herbarium.

Ficure 150.—Fittonia argyroneura Coem. (a, b, Killip 35534; c-e, h, i, Allard 22279 (Pera);
Ff, g, J, White 2348 (Bolivia)): a, Tip of sterile plant; b, pubescence of stem; c, spike;
d, bract; ¢, marginal hairs of bract; f, one of a pair of bractlets; g, calyx; h, corolla
lobes; 1, stamen; j, pistil. (a, c, Natural size; b, j, 5 times natural size; d, f, g, 1, 3 times
natural size; e, 7 times natural size; A, twice natural size.)

Lehmann gives the following field notes: ‘No. 4985: Weeds with
thin stems up to 50 em. in length, creeping on ground and ramified
in form of a broad tail. Leaves paper-like, dark green with a network
of milky white nerves. Flowers a delicate sulphur yellow. Colombia.
Grows very frequently in small islands in dense damp forests around
Las Juntas del Dagua, western littoral region of Buenaventura, 0-500
meters. Flowers in September and October.—Note: This species
also occurs on the coast of Barbacoas and on the East Andes of Cuenca
in the district of Gualaquiza Jabaros up to an altitude of 1000 meters.”

“No. 5600.—Weed with procumbent stems up to 50 cm. in length.
Leaves dark green with silver-white nerves. Flowers yellow. Colom-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 407

bia. Grows on slate rubble in dense forests around Las Juntas del
Dagua, West Andes of Cali, 200-400 m. March.”

Ex Vauue: Cisneros, Killip 35534 (US). La Margarita, Rio Digua Valley,
Killip 34892 (US). Dagua, Lehmann 4985 (K), 5600 (K).

LocALITY INDEFINITE: “Prov. del Chocé i Barbacéas i Buenaventura,” 10
meters altitude, March 1852. Triana s.n. (K).

2. Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem.) E. Coem.

Gymnostachyum verschaffeltii Lem. Ilustr. Hort. 10: pl. 372. 1863. Based on

cultivated material originally from Pert or Colombia.

Fittonia verschaffeltii E. Coem., Fl. des Serres 15: 186.1865. Based on Gymno-

stachyum verschaffeltia Lem.

Repent or ascending herb up to 30 cm. long; stems pilose to sub-
tomentose; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 7 cm.
wide, rounded or obtuse at tip, cordate at base, the upper surface
dull green, the costa and conspicuously reticulated veins purple;
spikes up to 8 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide; peduncles up to 12 cm. long,
pilose or subtomentose, the hairs disposed more or less in two rows;
bracts oval, up to 13 mm. long and 8 mm. wide; corolla white or yellow.

Herbarium specimens of Fittonia argyroneura and F. verschaffeltu
are very similar and dried specimens are extremely difficult to separate,
especially since the purple coloring of the veins invariably fades.
The habit of growth, pubescence, inflorescence, and corollas of
the two species are practically identical. The upper surface of the
leaf blades of F’. verschaffeltti has been described as duller, the epi-
dermis composed of more densely placed conical cells so as to present
a velvety appearance in fresh plants. In contrast, the leaves of /.
argyroneura are smoother and of a nitid green color. This contrast,
strong as it may be in live plants, is weak indeed if herbarium material
is studied and unless there yet remains a slight trace of the purple
coloration in the veins, or the specimen is accompanied by proper
field notes, it is practically impossible to decide to which of the two
species any given specimen might belong.

In the Putumayo region, according to Schultes, the plant is called
“Mee-ni-ku-ru” by the Kofén natives and is used medicinally. The
two species treated here, as well as the suffrutescent /. gigantea Linden
of Pert, are found in cultivation.

Cauca: Between Juntas and La Pefiita, Dagua Valley, Pittier 1506 (US).

Caquert: Florencia, Pérez-Arbeldez 733 (US)
PutruMayo: Quebrada Conejo, Schultes 3480 (GH).

408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

30. KALBREYERIELLA Lindau

Kalbreyeriella Lindau, Notizbl. Berlin 8: 143. 1922. Named in honor of W.
Kalbreyer, the collector of the type species, K. rostellata Lindau. Type
species: Kalbreyeriella rostellata Lindau. Type locality: Near Plateado,
Antioquia, Colombia.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves petioled, usually ovate or oblong-lanceolate ;
flowers borne in spikes, racemes or narrow panicles, these spicate or
racemose toward tip; bracts and bractlets shorter than the calyx;
calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, lanceolate, thin, slenderly
acute; corolla broadly tubular, slightly ventricose, scarlet, glabrous or
hirtellous, rostrate at tip before the expansion of the lips, the upper
lip in expanded flowers erect, narrow, embracing the stamens and
pistil, the lower lip triangular, recurved, minutely trilobate at tip;
stamens 2, exserted; anthers 1-celled (one of them 2-celled in K.
cabrerae) ; ovary glabrous; mature capsules not seen.

The genus Kalbreyeriella is closely related to Razisea, differing
mainly in its rostrate corollas (before expansion). Lindau described
K. rostellata as having a 4-parted calyx, but I have found only 5-
parted ones in the many specimens that I have examined of this
genus, including the isotype material in the Kew Herbarium of

Lindau’s species.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
Corolla yellow____--__-.-___.--22 288. 1. K. cabrerae
Corolla bright red.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent; corollas glabrous or minutely
strigose at tip; leaf blades narrowed at base; flowers borne
in spikes or racemes (spicate toward tip)_.-_..__________ 2. K. rostellata
Shrubs; corollas densely hirtellous toward tip, the hairs spread-
ing or ascending, more or less septate; leaf blades notice-
ably large, rounded and cuneate at base; flowers borne in
narrow panicles, these spicate or racemose toward tip___- 3. K. gigas

1. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae Leonard, sp. nov. FicureE 151

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris sursum
plus minusve dense et minute puberulis, pilis appressis; lamina folio-
rum oblongo-obovata vel oblonga, plus minusve abrupte acuminata,
apice gracilis et aliquando curvata, basi cuneata et in petiolum decur-
rens, aliquanto tenuis, integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, pilis
subappressis, subtus in costa et venis minute strigosa, cystolithis
subintegris; petioli alati, glabri; racemi terminales, angusti, floribus
ad nodos 2 vel pluribus, rhache et pedunculo plus minusve dense
hirtellis, pilis adpressis vel ascendentibus; bracteae et bracteolae
similes, lanceolatae, acutae, subcarinatae, glabrae vel subglabrae,
marginibus ciliolatae; pedicelli glabri vel parce et minute hirtelli;
calycis segmenta rubra, lanceolata, acuta, graciliter nervata, minute
ciliolata; corolla lutea, tubo anguste campanulato, deorsum glabro,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 409

sursum puberulo, pilis plerumque patulis et curvatis, apice rostrata,
labio superiore lanceolato, labio inferiore ovato, conduplicato, apice
minute trilobato, lobis apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra,
antheris apice rotundatis vel mucronatis, una uniloculari, altera
biloculari; capsulae glabrae; semina plana, brunnea, muricata.

Ficure 151.—Kalbreyeriella cabrerae Leonard (a-f, Schultes & Cabrera 19093; g-l, Schultes
€£$ Cabrera 19095): a, Inflorescence, b, basal part of leaf blade; c, tip of same; d, same
leaf drawn on small scale to show general shape; ¢, node of inflorescence showing bracts
and bractlets; f, calyx; g, tip of corolla; A, 1-celled anther, i, 2-celled anther of the pair;
j, tip of pistil showing stigma; &, capsule valve; l, seed. (a-c, Half natural size; d,
one-sixth natural size; ¢, twice natural size; f, 1}4 natural size; g, natural size; h-j,
4 times natural size; 4, 144 times natural size; /, 5 times natural size.)

Suffrutescent plants up to 1.3 meters (type 5 ft. high, Schultes and
Cabrera) ; stems subquadrangular, glabrous below, the upper portions
more or less densely and minutely puberulous the hairs appressed, up
to 0.16 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate to oblong, up to 32 cm.
long and 13.5 cm. wide, more or less abruptly acuminate, the tip
slender and sometimes curved, cuneate at base and decurrent on the

388179 —57——7

410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly
hirsute, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, subappressed, the lower surface
minutely strigose on costa and veins, the hairs mostly closely ap-
pressed, up to 0.16 mm. long, the venation moderately prominent
(lateral veins 12 to 14 pairs); cystoliths blackish, up to 0.2 mm. long;
petioles up to 7 cm. long, winged nearly to the base, the width of the
wing expanse 1 to 2 cm. at base of leaf blade; glabrous or nearly so;
flowers borne in narrow racemes (up to 20 cm. long and 3 cm. broad),
several to a node or in pairs near tip of inflorescence, the rachis and
peduncle (up to 2.5 cm. long) minutely and densely hirtellous, the
hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, appressed to ascending; bracts lanceolate,
up to 6 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a
slender tip, subcarinate, glabrous or nearly so, ciliolate; bractlets
similar to the bracts in size and shape, glabrate; pedicels up to 5 mm.
long, sparingly and minutely hirtellous to glabrous; calyx red, the
segments lanceolate, 25 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous, delicately nerved, minutely
ciliolate; corolla yellow (Schultes and Cabrera), up to 4 cm. long
(probably longer when fully expanded), the tube narrowly campanu-
late, 3mm. broad at base, 6 mm. broad at throat, the lower part
glabrous, puberulous above, the hairs more or less spreading and
curved, up to 0.32 mm. long, the tip of the corolla rostrate, the upper
lip lanceolate, 11 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide at base, the lower lip
ovate, conduplicate, 12 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to an
obtuse tip, this 3-lobed, the lobes 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, rounded
at tip; stamens 2, glabrous, exserted several mm. beyond mouth of
corolla tube but slightly shorter than lips (perhaps more exserted in
fully expanded flowers) ; anthers 5.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, rounded
at both ends, the connective extended at tip, forming a small mucro,
one of the anthers 2-lobed, the extra lobe about 4 mm. long; style
reaching tip of corolla lips, the stigma oval, obtuse, about 0.75 mm.
long and 0.5 mm. wide; capsule glabrous, about 2 cm. long, 4-seeded,
the seed-bearing portion 11 mm. long, 4 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick;
retinacula 2.5 mm. long, the tip lacerate and rounded ; seed brown,
flattened, ovate, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 0.5 mm. thick, the tip
bearing an undulate rounded crest, 0.5 mm. long at middle, the sur-
face of the seed muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124645, collected
at Mocoa, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, ‘1,800-2,400 feet”?
altitude, March 16, 1953, by Richard Evans Schultes and Isidoro
Cabrera (No. 19093). Schultes and Cabrera’s No. 19095, collected
nearby on the same day, is also of this species.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 411

Kalbreyeriella cabrerae is a well-marked species differing from the
other two Colombian species in its large oblong to oblong-obovate
leaves and the yellow flowers.

2. Kalbreyeriella rostellata Lindau

Ka'breyeriella rostellata Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 143. 1922. Type collected in
shady woods near Plateado, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,300
meters altitude, March 31, 1880, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1524).

Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems erect or ascending,
simple or sparingly branched, glabrous to moderately hirtellous, the
hairs appressed, ascending or recurved, up to 0.25 mm. long, septate;
leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate, up to 24 cm.
long and 10 cm. wide but usually about 10 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide,
short-acuminate, narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or un-
dulate, the upper surface glabrous to moderately pilose with curved
ascending red-septate hairs up to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral
veins (9 or 10 pairs) moderately prominent, sometimes red, the lower
surface glabrous or the costa and lateral veins hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.25 mm. long, mostly curved and ascending, the venation
more prominent than above, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens,
mostly straight or slightly curved, up to 225y long, these often absent
on the upper leaf-surface; petioles usually about 2 cm. long but oc-
casionally reaching 4 cm., glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; flowers
borne in terminal loose peduncled spikes or racemes (spicate toward
tip) up to 20 cm. long, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, these and the
rachises glabrous or sparingly or even densely hirtellous, the hairs
variously curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, sometimes septate, the lower-
most internodes 10 to 15 mm. long, the others successively shorter
toward tip of inflorescence, the pedicels of the lowermost flowers
slender, up to 4 mm. long, minutely hirtellous in two lines; bracts
lanceolate, the lowermost 5 to 10 mm. long, and 2 to 3 mm. wide, the
others becoming smaller towards tip of inflorescence, all acute, glabrous
to moderately pilose; bractlets similar to the bracts but somewhat
longer; calyx 16 mm. long, 5-parted, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at middle, acute, thin, minutely
and sparingly ciliolate, faintly nerved; corollas a bright showy red, up
to 5.5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose at tip,
this rostrate and recurved before expanding, the tube about 2.5 mm.
broad at base, enlarged rather abruptly at 5 mm. above base to 12 mm.
at middle, thence reduced to 10 mm. at mouth, the upper lip lanceolate,
acute, 13 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at base, erect in expanded flowers,
the tip straight or recurved, the lower lip triangular, recurved, 14 mm.
wide at base, narrowed to an acute 3-lobed tip, the lobes about 1 mm.
long and 0.5 mm. wide; stamens attached near base of corolla tube,

412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

about 5 cm. long, exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube and
slightly exceeding the upper lip which partially enfolds them, the
anthers 5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at middle, narrowed toward
both ends to bluntish tips, both anthers and filaments glabrous;
disc 1 mm. long, this and the ovary glabrous; style slightly shorter
than the stamens, glabrous; capsules not seen.

There is variation in the amount of pubescence and the size of
the leaf blades. The type material is strictly glabrous except the
very young leaves. In Ariste-Joseph’s No. 1085, the upper surfaces
of the leaf blades are conspicuously covered with red-septate hairs;
other specimens show the same character to a more or less marked
degree. Again, the leaf blades of Ariste-Joseph’s material do not
exceed 9 cm. in length nor 2.8 cm. in width, whereas those of Cuatre-
casas’ No. 15160 are as much as 24 cm. long and 9 em. wide. The type
material possesses leaves intermediate between these two extremes.

The specific epithet alludes to the acutely tipped unexpanded
corollas. The species is endemic in Colombia; it is partial to thick
shady forests, usually of the middle altitudes (900 to 1,600 meters),
although Haught’s No. 4723 was collected as low as 100 meters. Its
dark green leaves and brilliant red flowers make it an especially
beautiful and conspicuous species.

Antioquia: Shady woods near Plateado, Kalbreyer 1524 (isotype, K). Low
wet forest along the Rfo Chigorodo, 10 km. northeast of Chigorodo, Haught
4723 (US).

Boracd: High thick forests in the region of Mount Chapén, Lawrance 234
(US); 367 (K, Mo, NY, 8, US); 694 (GH, US).

Caupas: La Selva, von Sneidern 5293 (US).

Cauca: Quebrada Aguaclara, near its junction with Rfo Plateado, Core 1377
US).

Crocé: Dauro, Toro 1175 (NY).

Cunpinamarca: Albén, Guevara-Amértegui 315 (US). Paime, Ariste-J oseph
1085 (NY, US).

Ex Vatve: Chorrera La Elsa in the densely forested valley of Rfo Digua,
Killip 34807 (US); Rfo Digua Valley between La Elsa and Rfo Blanco, Killip
34738 bis (US). Woods about La Laguna, on the left bank of Rfo Sanquininf,
Cuatrecasas 15388 (Ch, US). Piedra de Moler, left bank of Rio Digua, Cuatre-
casas 15160 (US). Quebrada de San Juan, below Queremal, Rio Digua Valley,
Cuatrecasas 22728 (US).

3. Kalbreyeriella gigas Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 152

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel subtiliter bifariam puberulis, pilis
albis, appressis vel ascendentibus; lamina foliorum ovata, grandis,
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso?), basi rotundata et cuneata,
in petiolum decurrens, crenata, supra subnitida, glabra vel parce
hirtella, costa et venis aliquanto dense puberulis, pilis appressis,
evstolithis paucis minutis inconspicuis, subtus glabra, sub lente
minute papillosa, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis, costa et venis

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 413

lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli crassi,
subtus glabri, canale pilosa; paniculae terminales, angustae, floribus
apice panicularum sessilibus et solitariis, pedunculo subtiliter bifariam
hirtello, rhache dense hirtella, pilis subbrunneis, varie curvatis;
bracteae lanceolatae, calyce breviores, glabrae vel parce hirtellae,
ciliatae; bracteolae similes sed minores; calycis segmenta coccinea,
lanceolata, acuta, nervata, glabra vel apice hirtella, cystolithis
eracilibus, parallelis; corolla coccinea, parce punctata, basi glabra,
apice dense hirtella, labio superiore erecto, anguste lanceolato, labio
inferiore triangulari, recurvato, acuto, apice minute trilobato; stamina
exserta, filamentis planis, glabris vel basi parce pilosis; antherae
glabrae, basi et apice rotundatae; ovarium glabrum.

Shrub; stems glabrous or finely and bifariously puberulous, the
hairs white, appressed or ascending, up to 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades
ovate, up to 35 cm. long and 10.5 cm. wide or more, short-acuminate
(the tip probably blunt), rounded near base to a width of 3 cm.,
thence gradually narrowed and decurrent on the petiole, rather thin,
crenate, the upper surface subnitid, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
except costa and lateral veins (about 15 pairs), these rather densely
puberulous with appressed hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the scattered
hairs of the intercostal areas ascending, the cystoliths minute, in-
conspicuous and scattered, 100 to 150, long, the lower surface glabrous
or nearly so, minutely papillose under a lens, the cystoliths numerous
and conspicuous, the costa and lateral veins prominent, much more
so than above, the veinlets coarsely and rather conspicuously reticu-
late; petioles (wingless portion) up to 5 cm. long, glabrous beneath,
the channel pilose, the hairs ascending, septate, up to 0.5 mm. long;
flowers borne in narrow spikelike panicles up to 20 cm. long and 5 cm.
broad (near base), the peduncle up to 4 cm. long, its pubescence
that of the stems, the rachis densely hirtellous, the hairs brownish,
variously curved, up to 0.5 mm. long, the lowermost internode about
12 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward tip of the in-
florescence, the lowermost flowers several, borne on branches about
10 cm. long, the uppermost flowers sessile, solitary, the pedicels about
2 mm. long, hirtellous, the lowermost pair of bracts leaflike, lanceo-
late, up to 14 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, acuminate, the succeeding
pair of bracts firm, narrowly lanceolate, keeled, 13 cm. long, 3 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous or spar-
ingly hirtellous, ciliate, the marginal hairs about 0.25 mm. long,
ascending, the other bracts thin, lanceolate, 9 mm. long and 3 mm.
wide, successively smaller toward tip of inflorescence, all acute,
with about 3 pairs of delicate nerves, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous,
ciliate, the lateral pair of bracts, those subtending the flowers, similar

414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

but somewhat smaller; calyx crimson, 25 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments lanceolate, 5 mm. wide, sharply acute, thin, delicately
nerved, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous at tip, marked by slenderly
linear parallel cystoliths; corollas 5 to 6 cm. long, crimson, distantly
punctate, sparingly hirtellous except towards tip, here densely so,

Figure 152.—Kalbreyeriella gigas Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11271): a, Base of leaf blade; 4, tip
of same; ¢, enlarged portion of lower surface to show cystoliths and minute papillae;
d, base of inflorescence; ¢, tip of same; f, lower bract; g, one of the upper bracts; A, one
of a pair of lateral bracts; 1, calyx; j, anther; &, stigma; /, pubescence of tip of corolla.
(a, b, d, e, Half natural size; c, 7 times natural size; fh, 7, k, twice natural size; i, 134
times natural size; /, 12 times natural size.)

the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, some of them septate, the corolla
tube about 1 cm. broad from near base to mouth, the upper lip
erect, narrowly lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 5 mm. wide at base, the lower
lip triangular, recurved, 12 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender
3-lobed tip, the lobes ovate, about 1 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide;
stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments
flat, glabrous or bearing several minute hairs near base; anthers 6 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 415

long, 1.5 mm. broad, rounded at tip and base, glabrous; style reaching
tip of the upper corolla lip, glabrous, the stigma conical; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1798547, collected in
damp forests between Achipayaco and Mocoa, Comisaria of Putu-
mayo, Colombia, 450 to 500 meters altitude, December 25, 1940,
by J. Cuatrecasas, No. 11271.

When compared with K. rostellata, Kalbreyeriella gigas is easily
recognized by its dense narrow panicle, large crimson calyces and
remarkably large leaf blades. The specific epithet, gigas, is from the
Greek yiyas meaning giant, in allusion to the large size of the plants

of this species.
31. SYRINGIDIUM Lindau

Syringidium Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 142. 1922. Diminutive of odpwé, a little pipe,
apparently in allusion to the nearly tubular corolla. Type species:
S. atropurpureum Lindau (Colombia).

Small herbs; stems subquadrangular; leaves medium-sized, lanceo-
late, hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal hairy raceme-like panicles
exceeding the uppermost leaves; bracts small, lanceolate; calyx
5-lobed, the segments lanceolate; corolla subcylindrical, 4-lobed at
tip, the posterior lobe or lip minutely 2-lobed at tip; stamens 2,
the anthers 1-celled; pollen grains subelliptical, aculeate, 2-pored;
seeds 4.

Lindau places his genus after Porphyrocoma. Its subtubular
corolla and lax inflorescence separate it from Stenostephanus. Both
genera have 4-lobed (indistinctly 2-lipped) corollas and exserted
stamens with 1-celled anthers, but in Stenostephanus the corolla
tube is markedly ventricose and the inflorescence dense and spikelike.
The genus Syringidium is represented by a single species.

1. Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau Figure 153

Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau, Notizbl. 8: 142. 1922. The specific epi-

thet alludes to the dark purple corollas. Type collected in open place in
forest at Espfritu Santo, vicinity of Ocaiia, Norte de Santander, Colombia,
November 18, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1252). Type in the Berlin
Herbarium. Photograph in U. 8S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No.
8802).

Small repent herbs up to about 30 cm. long; stems subquadrangular,
hirtellous, the hairs mostly upwardly curved, mostly about 0.3 mm.
long or a few up to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 10
cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt),
narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire, both surfaces hirtellous,
the hairs curved, ascending, 0.2 to 0.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral
veins (8 to 9 pairs) rather prominent; petioles 5 to _15 mm. long,

416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hirtellous; flowers borne in lax racemelike panicles up to 10 cm. long
and 1 to 3 cm. broad, the peduncles (up to 3.5 cm. long) and the rachis
densely hirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long,
whitish, the branches of the panicle (lowermost up to 1 cm. long)
slender, densely hirtellous, bearing at tip a pair of small bracts sub-
tending a mature flower and 2 flanking immature ones; bracts sub-
tending the branches of the inflorescence lance-subulate, the lower-
most up to 5mm. long and 0.75 to 1 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to a
subacute tip, hirtellous; pedicels of mature flowers about 1 mm. long,

Ficure 153.—Syringidium atropurpureum Lindau (Kalbreyer 1252): a, Tip of plant; b, node
of inflorescence; ¢, corolla; d, hairs from corolla; e, posterior lip of the corolla; f, one
of the anterior lobes; g, anther. (a, Half natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c, 14
times natural size; d, 50 times natural size; ¢, f, 5 times natural size; g, 7 times natural
size.)

hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, densely hirtellous, the segments 5 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a subacute tip;
corolla 2 cm. long, densely white-pubescent (except the narrow glab-
rous portion), the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.64 mm. long,
the corolla tube geniculate, 2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm.
above base to 1.5 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged into a sub-
cylindric subventricose tube 5.5 mm. broad near middle and 3.5 mm.
broad at throat, the posterior lobe (or lip) broadly ovate and rounded,
2mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, minutely 2-lobed at tip, the 3 anterior lobes
(lower lip) ovate, 1.5 mm. long and broad, rounded; stamens exserted

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 417

8 to 10 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers
2.5 mm. to 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, rounded at both ends; style
about 15 mm. long, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; mature cap-
sules not seen.

NorvTE DE SANTANDER: Espfritu Santo, Kalbreyer 1252 (K, isotype).

32. MEGASKEPASMA Lindau

Megaskepasma Lindau Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 666. 1897. Derived from the Greek
péyas, large, and oxéxacua, a covering, in reference to the large bracts. Type
species: M. erythrochlamys Lindau.

Suffruticose; leaves large, oblong, abruptly acuminate with a blunt
tip and cuneate at base, petioled; flowers borne in a terminal spike,
the bracts and bractlets large, conspicuous, colored; calyx segments 5,
equal; corollas narrowly hypocrateriform, the upper lip minutely
bifid, the lower 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anthers bilocular; stigma
subcapicate; capsules unknown.

The genus is monotypic.

1. Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau FicureE 154

Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 666. 1897. The
specific epithet is from the Greek épupés, red, and xAapis, bract. The type
was collected in the Province of Mérida, Venezuela, by Funck & Schlim
(No. 1171).

Suffruticose, up to 2 meters high; stems quadrangular, brown-
puberulous; leaf blades oblong, up to 19 cm. long and 7 cm. wide (the
lowermost probably larger), short-acuminate (the tip itself rounded
and apiculate), cuneate at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, both
surfaces sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs confined chiefly
to costa and lateral veins (12 to 15 pairs), up to 0.56 mm. long, cysto-
liths none; spikes solitary, terminal up to 18 cm. long and 4 cm. broad,
the peduncle (about 3.5 em. long) and rachis brown-puberulous, the
hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, usually variously curved; bracts ovate, up
to 44 mm. long and 17 mm. wide, subobtuse and mucronulate at tip,
narrowed at base, purple or red, sparingly and finely strigose, the hairs
up to 0.56 mm. long, confined chiefly to the costa; bractlets ovate-
lanceolate, subfalcate, up to 36 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, acute, the
pubescence similar to that of the bracts; calyx segments lanceolate,
up to 15 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender
blunt tip, rather densely hirsute, the hairs upwardly curved, brown,
vitreous, up to 0.48 mm. long, some of the shorter ones gland-tipped;
corolla white (Lindau) (becoming deep pink when young, Killip &
Smith), pilosulous, the hairs mostly retrorsely curved, up to 0.4 mm.
long, white, the corolla tube about 22 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad,

418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

straight or slightly curved, the upper lip lanceolate, 36 mm. long and
5 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes oblong, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide, recurved, the lower lip narrowly cuneate, 32 mm. long, 9 mm.
wide near the middle, 3-lobed, the lobes 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide,

PPI, = +

M,
ten - ——
: See

&

SN

Se” gape!
=

WY

N

=
S,

J

ie eat

Figure 154.—Megaskepasma erthyrochlamys Lindau (Killip &F Smith 14979): a, Spike; b,
leaf; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx segment; f, portion of calyx segment enlarged to
show pubescence; g, upper lip of the corolla; h, lower lip of same; i, anther. (a, b, g, h,

Half natural size; ¢, d, natural size; ¢, f, about 35 times natural size; i, 4 times natural
size.)

obtuse; stamens exserted about 3 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, the bases of the lobes
mucronulate; ovary 2 mm. long, glabrous; capsules not seen.

SANTANDER: Bucaramanga (cultivated), Killip & Smith 14979 (US).
Subtribe 12b. Isoglossinae

Shrubs or herbs; inflorescence and bracts variable; calyx 5-parted;
corolla 2-lipped; stamens (in Colombian genera) 2; anthers 1-lobed,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III A419

muticous; capsules 4-seeded. Three Colombian genera are repre-

sented:
33. Habracanthus
34. Hansteinia
35. Stenostephanus

33. HABRACANTHUS Nees

Habracanthus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 312. 1847. (From 4§pés, graceful, and
&xavOos, acanthus). Type: Habracanthus silvaticus Nees. Type collected
between San Bartolo and Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas, México, by Linden.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually ovate to oblong, moderately firm,
usually entire, hirtellous to glabrate, the venation usually prominent
at least on the lower surface; flowers borne in terminal loose to dense
panicles, the branches usually forked, the pedicels erect, the pubes-
cence consisting of acute hairs or these mixed with gland-tipped
trichomes; calyx deeply 5-parted, the segments narrowly lanceolate,
those of some of the species bearing glandular trichomes; corolla
glabrous or pubescent, blue, red, yellow, hypocrateriform, ringent,
the lower portion of the corolla tube narrow, the upper part rather
abruptly enlarged, tubular or subventricose, the upper lip narrow,
entire, often contorted in dried material, the lower lip usually oblong-
cuneate, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded; stamens 2, exserted, di-
vergent, the anthers 1-celled, the filaments attached below the middle
of the anther; style exserted, the stigma minute; ovules 4; capsules
4-seeded, clavate, the lower half sterile and stipiform; seeds ovate-
subrotund, discoid, more or less tuberculate, truncate and somewhat
oblique at base, the angular raphe prominent.

Habracanthus consists of about 40 species, these found in México,
Central America, and northern South America.

KEY TO THE SPECIES
A. Corollas blue or lavender.

Pedicels and rachilla hirtellous, the hairs minute and eglandular; corolla pale

lavender. .____---_-_-_-------------------------------- 1. H. syscius

Pedicels and rachilla pilose or pubescent; corollas blue.

Panicles rather dense, ovoid; the longer hairs of the pedicels, rachilla and
calyx segments conspicuous, spreading and gland-tipped. 2. H. trichotus
Panicles elongate and very lax; pedicels, rachilla and calyx segments pubes-
cent, the hairs not conspicuously long and gland-tipped 3. H cyaneus

A. Corollas variously colored, red, yellow, sulphur, purple, or bicolored.

B. Calyces without gland-tipped trichomes.
Panicles dense.

Corollas greenish yellowish white....-.-------------- 4. H. cuatrecasasit
Corollas violet-purple or wine-red.
Leaf blades ovate; panicles conical___-_..-------------- 5. H. aglatis

Leaf blades oblong; panicles cylindric_-.-...-.---- 6. H. pycnostachys

420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Panicles open.
Calyces hispidulous._.-..-...--..--------.----- .... 7. H. hispidulus
Calyces glabrous to hirtellous, the hairs soft and septate.
Calyces rather densely hirtellous.
Panicles acute at tip-___.____...._......_..._.. 8. Hl. heliophilus
Panicles rounded at tip-_-.....-..._....-....--- 9. H. erythranthus
Calyces nearly glabrous, bearing a few hairs on the margins or tips.
Upper surface of the leaf blades conspicuously pilose.
10. H. putumayensis
Upper leaf surface nearly glabrous or sparingly and inconspicuously
hirtellous.

Calyx segments lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long, drying greenish, the
nerves more or less conspicuous; bracts subtending the branches
of the inflorescence ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.

11. H. floriferus

Calyx segments linear, up to 12 mm. long, drying blackish, the
nerves inconspicuous; bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence cordate, up to 3 cm. long.____ 12. H. callianthus

B. Calyces bearing at least a few gland-tipped trichomes.
Panicles lax, their branches few; leaf blades small, usually less than 10 cm.
long.
Branches of the inflorescence densely and conspicuously pilose.
13. H. pilosus
Branches of the inflorescence hirtellous.
Corollas up to 2.5 em. long, bright red......_.___-- 14. H. killipit
Corollas up to 1.5 cm. long, rose___.._.______--.---- 15. H. charien
Panicle branches numerous and crowded.
Inflorescence conspicuously pilose.
Hairs of inflorescence whitish, glandular; corolla red, conspicuously
ventricose at middle, narrowed to throat, long-pilose.
16. H., smithiz
Hairs of inflorescence yellowish, jointed; corolla yellow, not ventricose,
broadened to throat, minutely pubescent_.-... 17. H. xanthothriz
Inflorescence not conspicuously soft gray-pilose.
Corollas, at least the tips, more or less pilose or hirtellous.
Corollas lemon yellow__._....._-_-----_--_---- 18. H. xantholeucus
Corollas orange-red -_-__-.-.--.-------.--------- 19. H. ampelinus
Corollas strictly glabrous.
C. Calyces with numerous glandular trichomes.

Panicles open and diffuse.

Corolla wine red__....._-_.__-____- pene nee 20. H. caucensis
Corolla scarlet with yellow tip.____._____- 21. H. antipharmacus
Panicles compact.
Leaf blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide__ 22. H. macrochilus
Leaf blades 12 to 19 em. long, 5.5 to 7 cm. wide.
23. H. oresbius
C. Calyces with few trichomes, these mostly at the tips of the seg-
ments.

Panicles dense to rather dense, narrowly ovoid or subcylindric.

Leaves and the leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence slenderly acuminate. _.....-.__- 24. H. coret

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 421

Leaves and leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence short-acuminate.

Leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence

relatively large and conspicuous, the lowermost up to

4 cm. long and 3 em. wide_----------- 25. H. lamprus

Leaf-like bracts subtending the branches of the inflorescence,

relatively small, the lowermost about 10 mm. long and

16 mm. wide____-------------------- 26. H. congestus

Panicles rather open, broadly ovate or indefinite, many of the

branches axillary and extending for some distance down the

stems,

Acute hairs of the rachis 0.3 to 0.4 mm. long.
Corollas red with yellow tinge------------ 27. H. diversicolor
Corollas lake-red.-..--------------------- 28. H. pennellit

Acute hairs of the rachis up to 0.16 mm. long.
Calyx segments subulate, gradually narrowed into slender

recurved tips----------------------- 29. H. microcalyx
Calyx segments narrowly triangular or lanceolate, the tips
erect.
Corollas bright red_-_--------------------- 30. H. hylobius
Corollas sulphur yellow...------------- 31. H. scolnikae
1. Habracanthus syscius Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 155

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, basi in nodis radicanti-
bus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum minute strigosis, nodis
tumidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, apice graciliter
acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, vel lamina ultima
acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto
firma, integra vel undulata, supra ubique appresso-hirsuta, subtus
fere omnino glabra, costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto conspicuis et
hirsutis exceptis, cystolithis inconspicuis vel nullis; petioli graciles,
vulgo appresso-hirsuti, paniculae axillares et terminales, saepe multae,
rigidae sed graciles, aliquanto parvae, pedunculis gracilibus, hirtellis,
ramis inflorescentiae gracilibus, hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus; bracteae
parvae, anguste triangulares, acutae, parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta
anguste linearia, aliquanto hirtella, pilis minutis, ascendentibus,
aliquando pilis paucis longis glandulosis intermixtis; corolla lilacina
pallida, minute puberula, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore lineare,
apice angusto, contorto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, ovato,
apice 3-lobato, lobis parvis, obtusis; stamina erecta, exserta, fila-
mentis glabris, antheris purpureis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina
plana, suborbiculata, minute tuberculata.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems
ascending and rooting at the lower nodes, branched, subquadrangular,
glabrous or minutely strigose, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, upwardly
appressed, the nodes of the stem swollen, the internodes 1 to 5 cm.
long, those of the lower part of the stem 5 mm. in diameter; leaf

422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 9 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide, the
larger and lower blades slenderly acuminate at the tip, narrowed and
decurrent on the petiole at base, the uppermost blades acute to short-
acuminate (the tip itself subacute), rounded at base, all moderately
firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface evenly appressed-hirsute,
the hairs about 0.16 mm. long, the lower surface essentially glabrous,
the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) moderately conspicuous,

Ficure 155.—Habracanthus syscius Leonard (Fosberg €9 Fassett 21733): a, Node showing
lateral panicle and leaf blade; b, portion of tip of leaf blade (upper side enlarged to
show pubescence); ¢, node of inflorescence enlarged to show bracts and pubescence;
d, calyx; e, corolla; f, anther (cell dehisced). (a, Natural size; b, about 10 times
natural size; c, 4 times natural size; d, 244 times natural size; ¢, 2}4 times natural size;
f, 64 times natural size.)

appressed-hirsute, the hairs similar to those of the upper surface,
the cystoliths inconspicuous or lacking; petioles slender, 1.5 cm. long
(unwinged portion), appressed-hirsute; panicles axillary and terminal,
becoming rather numerous, rigid but delicate, up to 5 cm. long and
2 to 4 cm. broad, the branches in pairs or solitary near the tip of the
panicle, the peduncles slender, up to 3.5 cm. long and slightly over
0.25 mm. in diameter, the internodes of the panicle slender, up to 13
mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs ascending, about 0.16 mm. long, the
lowermost branches subtended by small leaves, the others by small
bracts, these narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, barely 0.5 mm. wide
at base, acute, sparingly hirtellous; calyx 8 mm. long, the segments

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 423

narrowly linear, 7 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, faintly 3-nerved,
acute, moderately hirtellous with sharply ascending rigid hairs up to
0.1 mm. long and sometimes also bearing a few slender spreading
elongate-glandular trichomes about 0.5 mm. in length; corolla pale
lavender, minutely puberulent, 12 to 15 mm. long, the upper lip 8 mm.
long, linear, about 2 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender con-
torted tip, the lower lip ovate, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes
about 1 mm. long and 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, stamens
erect, exserted 10 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the
anthers 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, purplish, the filaments glabrous;
style slightly exceeding the stamens, the stigma minute, subcapitate,
the style glabrous; capsules clavate, flattened, 9 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad and 1 mm. thick, g'abrous; seed flat, suborbicular, about 2.25
mm. long and 2 mm. wide, white, minutely tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2059037, collected on
a steep, densely wooded slope of Quebrada Riocito, on the Hacienda
San Luis, 6 km. northwest of Gramalote and 35 km. west of Cucuta,
Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 2,400 meters altitude,
April 8, 1944, by R. F. Fosberg and N. C. Fassett (No. 21733).

Fosberg states in his label data that the Quebrada Riocito is on the
headwaters of Rio Peralonso and that the woods where his specimen
was collected were rather dry, at least during the season of his visit,
and that it was not a typical rain forest. Only one plant was seen.

The salient characters of Habracanthus syscius are the numerous,
axillary, rather small, graceful but rigid panicles with their rather
densely hirte'lous rachises and pale lavender flowers, the slenderly
petioled and tipped leaves, and the tumid, swollen jointed, ascending
stems, glabrous below and minutely strigose toward tip. The specific
epithet is from the Greek word ctcxos, meaning “in deep shade” in
allusion to the habitat of the plant.

2. Habracanthus trichotus Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 156

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis ascendentibus,
septatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso
subobtuso), basi acuta vel (in foliis superioribus) rotundata, mem-
branacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque nitida, aliquanto hirsuta,
pilis ascendentibus, septatis, praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus
positis, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli hirsuti, pilis ascendentibus,
septatis; panicula terminalis, aliquanto densa, rigida, ovoidea, basi
foliata, ramis plus minusve patulis vel ascendentibus, 1-vel 2-furcatis,
cymas laxas helicoideas formantibus, rhachibus pilosis, pilis patulis
vel leviter ascendentibus, septatis, pilis longioribus apice glandulosis;
bracteae parvae, lineares, apice subobtusae, aliquanto pilosae; calycis
segmenta anguste linearia, apice subobtusa, subtiliter 3-nervata,

424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

aliquanto pilosa, pilis brevibus eglandulosis et pilus Jongioribus
glandulosis intermixtis; corolla parva, caerulea, glabra, subventricosa,
labio superiore ovato, apice rotundata, labio inferiore ovato, 3-lobato,
lobis triangularibus, apice rotundatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae vel
deorsum parce pilosae; retinacula apice erosa; semina suborbicularia,
plana, tuberculata.

Ficure 156.—Habracanthus trichotus Leonard (Cuatrecasas, Schultes, & E. Smith 12419):
a, Tip of plant; 4, portion of lower surface of leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, portion of inflorescence enlarged to show calyx and bracts; d, portion
of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; ¢, section of calyx segment (inner surface)
enlarged to show veins; f, corolla; g, capsule valve. (a, Half natural size; b, § times
natural size; c, twice natural size; d, ¢, 6 times natural size; f, 6 times natural size;
g, twice natural size.)

Herbs; stems subquadrangular, pilose, the hairs ascending, septate,
up to ca. 0.4 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 12 cm. long
and 3.8 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself subobtuse), obtuse or
rounded at base (the larger lower leaves acute), rather thin, entire or
undulate, both surfaces nitid, moderately hirsute, the hairs ascending,
up to 0.5 mm. long, septate, more numerous on the costa and lateral
veins (8 or 9 pairs) than in the intercostal areas, the cystoliths prom-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 425

inent, up to 0.16 mm. long, the venation moderately prominent;
petioles up to 2 cm. long, rather densely hirsute, the hairs similar to
those of the costa and leaf blades; panicles rather dense, ovoid, rigid,
14 em. long, 8 cm. broad just below the middle, rounded at tip, the
lower half leafy, the branches few-flowered, usually once or twice
forked, forming loose helicoid cymes, the rachises densely pilose, the
hairs spreading or slightly ascending, septate, up to 1.25 mm. long,
the longer ones tipped by elongate glands, the lowermost branches
subtended by typical oblong-ovate acutely based leaves, the middle
branches by smaller ovate subsessile, round-based leaves about 2.5
cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the uppermost branches and the
flowers subtended by linear bracts 1 to 2 mm. long and about 0.25
mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a bluntish tip, rather spar-
ingly pilose; calyx 9 to 11 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments
narrowly linear, 0.75 mm. wide near the base, gradually narrowed to a
bluntish tip, faintly 3-nerved, rather sparingly hirsute, the shorter
hairs eglandular, about 0.5 mm. long, the longer glandular ones up to
1.5 mm. long; corollas blue, glabrous, 6 mm. long and 2.25 mm.
broad (immature), subventricose, the upper lip ovate, 2 mm. long,
rounded at tip, the lower lip ovate, 3-lobed, the lobes triangular, about
1.25 mm. long, rounded at tip; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 4 mm.
broad, 2 mm. thick, glabrous or the solid stipe (4 mm. long) bearing
a few hairs (?); retinacula 2 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, the tip
rounded and shallowly erose; seeds suborbicular, flattened, tuber-
culate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850282, collected in
forest between Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa Inés, Region del
Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 1,800 to 2,200
meters altitude, October 18 to 21, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas, R. E.
Schultes, and E. Smith (No. 12419).

Habracanthus trichotus agrees with H. cyaneus Lindau in having
blue flowers but differs in other respects. Contrasting sharply is the
rigid, ovoid, and much denser panicle of H. trichotus. Those of H.
cyaneus are very slender and lax, with only a few branches. Further-
more, the leaves of this new species are considerably larger than
those of H. cyaneus, the corollas are glabrous instead of pilose, and
the rachises densely pilose with spreading septate hairs instead of
inconspicuously pubescent.

The height of the plant cannot be determined from the herbarium
specimen, a lateral branch, but, judging from the thickness of the
small section of main stem (about 5 mm.) represented, it could reason-
ably be as much as a meter. The plant was probably somewhat
clambering in habit. Since the few corollas available are apparently
immature or poorly developed, no complete description can be given.

388179—57——8

426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

The specific epithet is from the Greek word rprxw7ds, furnished with
hairs, in allusion to the densely pilose inflorescence.

3. Habracanthus cyaneus Lindau

Habracanthus cyaneus Lindau in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 668. 1897. Type collected

in “paramos,” in the province of Ocafia, Department of Norte de Santander,
Colombia, 2,700 to 3,300 meters altitude, by Schlim (No. 381).

Suffrutescent plants; young branches pubescent, becoming bi-
fariously pilose, the lowermost portions glabrate; leaf blades ovate,
up to 8 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, but mostly smaller, long-acuminate,
narrowed at base, sparingly pilose, the cystoliths conspicuous;
petioles 5 to 15 mm. long, pubescent; panicles lax, the peduncles and
pedicels long and pubescent; bracts filiform, 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx
segments 8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, becoming about 12 mm. long
in fruit, pubescent; corolla blue, ventricose, the tube 9 mm. long,
5 mm. broad at middle, 4 mm. at mouth, pilose without, the upper
lip obtuse, 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, the lower lip 5 mm. long,
5 mm. wide at middle, trilobate, the middle lobe 2 mm. long and wide,
the lateral lobes 1.5 mm. long and wide; filaments 12 mm. long,
attached near the base of the corolla tube; anthers 3 mm. long,
slightly exserted; style 15 mm. long; capsule 14 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, glabrous, the stipe 5 mm. long; seeds 4.

Herbarium material not seen. Description compiled from the
original.

4. Habracanthus cuatrecasasii Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 157

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris, nodis plus minusve
tumidis; lamina foliorum aliquanto magna, apice acuta, plus minusve
falcata, basi cuneata, marginibus obscure et leviter crenatis, ciliatis,
pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, valde septatis, utrinque glabra, costa
et venis subtus prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis minutis
et obscuris; petioli saepe longi, glabri; paniculae floriferae terminales,
glabrae, ramis subhelicoideis, rhache at rhachilli cystolithos
minutos subpunctiformes gerentibus; paniculae inferiores parvae,
forsan steriles, apetalae, calycibus reductis, parvis; bracteae ramos
panicularum subtendentes ovatae, sessiles, breviter acuminatae;
bracteae ultimal (bracteolae) lanceolatae, parvae; calycis segmenta
lineari-lanceolata, acuta, glabra; corolla glabra, viridi-flavido-alba,
apice sordido-violacea, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari,
apice acuta, recurvato vel cincinnato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato,
conduplicato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, obtusis; stamina longe
exserta, antheris muticis; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems quadrangular, glabrous,
the nodes more or less tumid; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 20 cm.
long and 5.3 cm. wide, gradually narrowed from below middle to an

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 427

acute more or less falcate tip, cuneate at base, one side attached
to petiole about 5 mm. above the other, rather firm, shallowly and
obscurely crenate, glabrous except the ciliate margins, their hairs
curved, ascending, conspicuously septate, the cystoliths minute and
obscure, the costa and lateral veins prominent beneath, less so
above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; petioles up to 3 mm. long,
glabrous; panicles terminal, about 8 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, the

Ficure 157.—Habracanthus cuatrecasasii Leonard (Cuatrecasas 8740): a, Leaf blade; d,
inflorescence; ¢, node of stem showing small axillary and usually sterile panicles; d,
calyx and bracts of same; ¢, calyx and bracts from flowering panicle; f, anther. (a, Half
natural size; b, c, natural size; d, ¢, 3 times natural size; f, 6 times natural size.)

nodes of the stems below the terminal panicle bearing for some
distance small apparently abortive cymose inflorescences up to 2 cm.
long, the branches of the terminal inflorescence subhelicoid, the
entire panicle strictly glabrous, the pedicels 1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
thick, bearing minute subpunctiform cystoliths, the bracts sub-
tending the branches of the inflorescence ovate, about 8 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide, short-acuminate, the ultimate bracts lanceolate,

498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

about 4 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, acute; calyx 9 mm. long,
glabrous, marked by slender linear cystoliths up to 0.2 mm. long,
the calyces of the sterile axillary branches about 3 mm. long; corolla
about 2 cm. long, glabrous, greenish-yellowish-white, the tips a
sordid violet, the tube 3 mm. broad at mouth, slightly narrowed
just below mouth, the upper lip linear, about 2 mm. wide, acute
at tip, curled, the lower lip spreading, about 9 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long, obtuse; stamens
exserted 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous,
the anthers 4 mm. long and about 1 mm. broad, muticous at both
ends; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the Herbarium of the Chicago Natural History Museum,
No. 1273513, collected in open woods of Cajén de Pulido, Quebrada
del Rio Hacha, Cordillera Oriental, Comisaria del Caqueté, Colombia,
1,700 meters altitude, March 26, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8740).

5. Habracanthus aglaiis Leonard, sp. nov. Fiagure 158

Herba erecta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystolithis
numerosis, parallelis; lamina foliorum ovata (ultimae suborbiculares),
apice breviter acuminata, basi obtusa, aliquanto firma, integra vel
undulata, parce et minute hirtella, costa et venis et venulis crasse
reticulatis, conspicuis, cystolithis nigris, obscuris; petioli subtus glabri,
in canale parce hirtellis; panicula terminalis, ovoidea, rhache et
rachillis glabris; pedicelli breves; calycis segmenta linearia, acuta,
glabra vel apice paucos pilos gerentia, cystolithis conspicuis; bracteac
ramos panicularum subtendentes suborbiculares, glabrae, ultimae
ovato-lanceolatae, acutae, glabrac; corolla glabra, rubra, tubo sub-
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, anguste lineari, graciliter 3-nervato,
apice obtuso, contorto (sicco), labio inferiore patulo, ovato, condupli-
cato, apice 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, antheris
muticis; stylus exsertus, glaber, stigmatibus rotundatis, minutis;
ovarium glabrum.

Erect herbs or suffrutescent plants probably up to 1 meter high or
more; stems subquadrangular, glabrous, the cystoliths numerous and
parallel, up to 0.25 mm. long, conspicuous under a lens; leaf blades
ovate, up to 17 cm. long and 9 cm. wide (the uppermost pair sub-
orbicular, about 6 cm. in diameter), short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), obtuse at base, entire or undulate, rather thin, minutely hirtel-
lous, the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, ascending, confined chiefly to costa
and veins, the venation (lateral veins usually 12 pairs) prominent, the
cystoliths obscure, blackish; petioles up to 5 cm. long, or those of the
uppermost pair 1 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. thick, glabrous or the channels
sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths similar to those of the stem; panicle
terminal, dense and conical, about 13 cm. long and 7 cm. broad, the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 429

3 nodes below the dense flowering portion of the inflorescence bearing
sterile inflorescence branches about 1 cm. long, the upper leaves sub-
tending similar branches up to 4 cm. long, the branches of the panicles
forming helicoid cymes, the rachis and rachilla glabrous, bearing
numerous cystoliths like those of the stems, the pedicels erect, about
2 mm. long, glabrous; calyx segments linear, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, acute, glabrous or bearing occasionally a few minute
acute hairs at tip, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens; bracts

ty off f ify
Aca fo
ANH any B, 4AM Ae

Ficure 158.—Habracanthus aglatis Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11435): a, Leaf blade; }, tip of
panicle; c, node from just below tip of panicle; d, node at base of panicle; ¢, calyx
segment; f, corolla. (a, Half natural size; b-d, natural size; ¢, 5 times natural size;
f, about 144 times natural size.)

subtending the branches of the panicle suborbicular, sessile, about 5
mm. in diameter, glabrous, the ultimate bracts ovate-lanceolate, 3mm.
long and 1 mm. wide near base, acute, glabrous; corolla wine-red,
glabrous, the tube 17 mm. long, 4.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed
at 7 mm. above base to 3 mm., thence enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth,
the upper lip erect, narrowly linear, 12 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide,
delicately 3-nerved, obtuse at tip, coiled or contorted when dry, the
lower lip spreading, ovate, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, conduplicate,

430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rounded and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 1 mm. long and wide, rounded;
stamens exserted 1 to 2 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
glabrous, the anthers 6 mm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, muticous at both
ends; style exserted about 2 cm. beyond mouth of the corolla tube,
the stigmas minute and rounded; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the National Herbarium of Colombia, collected at Planada
de Minchoy, between Sachamates and San Francisco de Sibundoy,
Comisarja del Putumayo, Colombia, 2,100 meters altitude, December
30, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 11435).

The specific epithet is from the Greek dyads, Meaning bright or
beautiful.

6. Habracanthus pycnostachys Leonard, Sp. nov. Ficure 159

Herba robusta vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puber-
ulis vel deorsum glabratis, pilis fere appressis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel subacuta, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis et venulis crasse re-
ticulatis subtus prominentibus, cystolithis conspicuis; petioli aliquanto
longi, minute hirtelli; paniculae longae strictae, ramulis brevibus sub-
helicoideis praeditis; bracteae infimae foliaceae, ovatae, acutae vel
acuminatae, basi rotundatae; bracteae flores subtendentes lineares,
subulatae, acutae, parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta
vel subacuta, parce hirtella, pilis plerumque apice positis; corolla
retrorse curvata, violaceo-purpurea, glabra, tubo aliquanto lato et
brevi, labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice subacuto, labio inferiore
patulo, ovato trilobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta,
recurvata, glabra; stylus exsertus, glaber; stigma minutum, lobis
ovatis; ovarium glabrum.

Robust herbs up to 1.5 meters high, becoming more or less shrubby;
stems subquadrangular, puberulous or the lower portions glabrate, the
hairs up to 0.08 mm. long, mostly appressed; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic or oblong-ovate, up to 22 cm. long and 8.5 cm. wide, short-
acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute to subacute at base, moderately
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces minutely hirtellous, the hairs
confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (12 to 14 pairs), the hairs
up to 0.13 mm. long, appressed or ascending, the costa, lateral veins
and the coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent beneath, less so above,
the cystoliths prominent, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles up to 4 cm. long
and 1.5 thick, minutely and inconspicuously hirtellous; flowers borne
in short subhelicoid cymes, 4 to 8 at each node, these forming dense
cylindric terminal panicles up to 22 cm. long and 4 cm. broad, the
lowermost node of the inflorescence bearing a pair of ovate leaves up
to 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, these sharply acuminate at tip, rounded

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 431

at base, the node above this separated by an internode as much as
6 cm. long and subtended by ovate foliose acuminate subsessile bracts
up to 2.5 cm. long, the subsequent internodes successively shorter
and the corresponding foliose bracts smaller toward tip of panicle,
the lower internodes of the rachis puberulous, the upper rather
densely hirtellous with subappressed or ascending septate hairs up to
0.32 mm. long, the pedicels stout, 1 to 3 mm. long, appressed hirtellous,

Ficure 159.—Habracanthus pycnostachys Leonard (Cuatrecasas 18515): a, basal node of
inflorescence; b, section of inflorescence near its base; c, tip of inflorescence; d, leaf;
¢, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) to show venation; f, calyx segment; g, corolla.
(a-c, Natural size; d, half natural size; ¢, g, about 132 times natural size; f, 4 times
natural size.)

erect; bracts subtending the flowers linear-subulate, up to 5 mm. long
and about 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly hirtellous; calyx segments
lanceolate, 6.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to
an acute tip, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs subappressed, mostly borne
toward the tip, 0.2 mm. long; corolla violet-purple, recurved, glabrous,
the tube 8 mm. long, about 4 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 2.5 mm.
at throat, the upper lip erect, linear, 1 cm. long, 1.25 mm. wide,

432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

subacute, the lower lip spreading-ovate, 1 cm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
rounded and subtruncate at tip and 3-lobed, the lobes low, 0.75 mm.
long and 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens glabrous, re-
curved, exserted 7 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers
5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick; style exserted 2.5 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla, violet-purple, glabrous, the stigma lobes ovate, minute;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. 5S. National Herbarium, No. 1853812, collected
at Los Carpatos, in the valley of the Rio Cali, Department of El
Valle, Colombia, about 2,000 meters altitude, November 3, 1944, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 18515).

Also of this species are Cuatrecasas’ No. 23929, collected at Las
Colonias, above Queremal, valley of the Rio Digua, Department. of
El Valle, 1,950 to 2,050 meters altitude, March 20, 1947, and J. M.
Duque’s No. 1660 collected at El Recuerdo, valley of the Rfo Cali,
1,600 to 1,800 meters, June 15, 1938.

Habracanthus pycnostachys should be easy to recognize by its narrow
cylindric panicles with recurved, violet-red flowers. The label of the
type bears the following field notes: “Hierba robusta, 1.5 m. Hoja
verde haz, verde envés. Bracteas verdes. Raquis, pedinculo y
cAliz purptreo violiceo oscuro. Corola violeta rojiza oscuro. Fila-
mentos y estilo id.””. The label on Duque’s sheet bears the following
data: ‘“Arbusto de 1 metro de altura, lefiosos, y notable por sus
bellas flores rojizas y digno de ser cultivado en jardines.”

The specific epithet is from the Greek words zuxvés, close and com-
pact, and ordxus, spike, in allusion to the narrowed dense panicle.

7. Habracanthus hispidulus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 160

Herba erecta vel ascendens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, plus
minusve bifariam puberulis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus; lamina
foliorum lanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ispe obtuso), basi
angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel
undulata, utrinque puberula, pilis curvatis, subappressis vel ascend-
entibus, pilis subtus praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus positis;
petioli graciles, puberuli; paniculae terminales, modice densae, ramis
cymosis 1-vel 2-furcatis; rhachillae et pedicelli plus minusve complan-
ati, aliquanto vel dense hispiduli, pilis rigidis, plus minusve patulis,
rectis vel leviter curvatis, septatis; bracteae subulatae, parce hir-
tellae; calycis segmenta linearia, apice acuta, recurvata, extus ali-
quanto dense hispidulo, pilis rigidis rectis vel leviter curvatis, albidis,
septatis, intus parce et minute hirtella; corolla punicea, pubescens,
pilis septatis, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter ventricoso,
labio superiore erecto, lineari, conduplicato, apice obtuso, integro,
labio inferiore ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, apice rotundatis;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 433

stamina exserta, glabra; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; retinacula leviter
curvata, apice truncata et erosa; semina (immatura) tuberculata.
Herb; stems erect or ascending, subquadrangular, sparingly and
more or less bifariously puberulous, the hairs appressed or ascending,
up to 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 10.5 em. long and
3.3 mm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at

Ficure 160.—Habracanthus hispidulus Leonard (Hodge 6585): a, Tip of plant to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show
pubescence and cystoliths; c, node of inflorescence enlarged to show bracts; d, calyx;
e, portion of calyx tube enlarged to show pubescence; f, anther. (a, Natural size;
b, c, about 5 times natural size; d, 34% times natural size; ¢, 14 times natural size; f,
5 times natural size.)

base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces puberulous, the hairs curved, subappressed or ascending,
up to 0.32 mm. long, septate, those of the lower surface confined
chiefly to costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), the venation scarcely
prominent, but more so beneath than above, the cystoliths promi-
nent, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 3 cm. long, puber-

434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ulous; panicles terminal and also axillary, the terminal ones about
8 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, moderately dense, the branches cymose,
once- or twice-forked, the lowermost internodes 1 cm. long, the others
successively shorter toward tip of panicle, the pedicels rather slender,
up to 5 mm. long, these and the internodes of the panicle more or
less flattened, moderately to densely hispidulous, the hairs rigid,
more or less spreading, straight or somewhat curved, septate; bracts
subulate, up to 6 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, sparingly hirtellous;
calyx segments linear, up to 8 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the tip
acute and recurved, ciliolate, the outer surface rather densely hispidu-
lous, the hairs rigid, straight or slightly curved, whitish, septate, up
to 0.25 mm. long, the inner surface of the segments sparingly and
minutely hirtellous; corolla scarlet, minutely pubescent, the hairs
up to 0.16 mm. long, spreading or ascending, septate, the tube nar-
rowly hypocrateriform, 2.3 cm. long, about 2 mm. broad from base
to about 8 mm. above base, thence first rather abruptly then gradually
enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, slender, linear,
conduplicate 1 cm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide from costa to margin,
obtuse at tip, the lower lip slightly spreading, ovate, 7 mm. wide,
rounded and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes about 0.75 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide, obtuse or rounded at tip; stamens exserted 11 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers linear, slightly curved,
4.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad; style about 5 mm. longer than the
stamens, glabrous, retinacula 2 mm. long, slightly curved, truncate
and erose at tip, seed (immature) whitish, tuberculate.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in woods at base of a
peak near Santa Elena, on the road from Medellin to Rfo Negro,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 2,300 to 2,500 meters altitude,
October 13, 1945, by W. H. Hodge (No. 6585).

Habracanthus hispidulus is characterized by its mostly spreading,
slenderly petioled, lanceolate leaf blades, its noticeably though mi-
nutely hispidulous calyces and axes of the inflorescence, and its bright
scarlet corollas.

8. Habracanthus heliophilus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 161

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis retrorse
curvatis, subappressis vel ascendentibus: lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel leviter oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, puber-
ula, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, septatis, subtus pilis praecipue in
costa et venis prominentibus positis, cystolithis prominentibus;
petioli graciles, puberuli, pilis praecipue appressis; paniculae termi-
nales, longae, angustae, ramis infimis panicularum foliis suffultis ; rami
panicularum furcati; rhachis strigoso-puberula, pilis rigidis; rhachillae

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 435

hirsutae, pilis patulis, septatis; pedicelli erecti, dense hirtelli, pilis
patulis, septatis; bracteae anguste lanceolatae, parce hispidulae;
calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta (apice saepe recurvata), obscure
trinervata, extus aliquanto dense hirtella, pilis rigidis, acutis, patulis
vel ascendentibus, septatis, intus papillosa; corolla aliquanto pubes-
cens, tubo angusto, labio superiore erecto, angustissimo, apice integro,

Ficure 161.—Habracanthus heliophilus Leonard (Molina 35): a, Node of stem showing small
axillary panicles and leaf; b, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show
pubescence and cystoliths; c, portion of inflorescence from about the middle; d, tip of
inflorescence; ¢, node of branch of inflorescence to show bracts; f, calyx; g, tip of calyx
segment enlarged to show pubescence; h, portion of pedicel enlarged to show pubescence;
i, corolla. (a,c, d, Half natural size; b, ¢, about 4 times natural size; f, 3 times natural
size; g, 30 times natural size; h, 12% times natural size; i, natural size.)

labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis,
apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris angustis; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, puberulous, the
hairs retrorsely curved, appressed or ascending, 0.1 to 0.2 mm. long;

J

436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

leaf blades oblong-elliptic or slightly oblanceolate, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or
undulate, puberulous, the hairs appressed or ascending, up to 0.3 mm.
long, septate. those of the under surface more numerous on costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) than on the intercostal areas, the venation
beneath prominent, less so above, the cystoliths prominent, up to
0.25 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long, 1 mm. thick, puberu-
Jous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, mostly appressed; flowers borne in
short, forked panicles (1 to 2 cm. long), the lower axillary, the upper
forming a narrow terminal acute panicle (about 2.5 em. broad), the
rachis and rachilla rather densely pubescent, the hairs of the rachis
appressed, those of the rachilla spreading; pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm. long,
erect, densely hirtellous, the septate hairs about 0.3 mm. long; primary
branches of the inflorescence subtended by small subsessile ovate
leaves 4 to 15 mm. long and 3 to 19 mm. wide, the pedicels subtended
by linear-lanceolate bracts up to 10 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, these
sparingly hispidulous; calyx segments lanceolate, acute, 8 mm. long,
1.25 mm. wide, acute (the tips often recurved), obscurely 3-nerved,
the outer surface rather densely hirtellous with rigid sharp septate
spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, the inner surface
papillose; corolla moderately pubescent, the hairs more or less spread-
ing, septate, up to 0.25 mm. long, most numerous on the lips and on
the dorsal portion of the tube, this narrow, 2 mm. broad, 12 mm.
long, the upper lip linear, erect, 10 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide, the
lower lip more or less spreading, ovate, about 3 mm. wide, 3-lobed at
tip, the lobes 2.5 mm. long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral
1.25 mm. wide, all obtuse and subcucullate; stamens exserted slightly
beyond the upper lip of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers 3 mm. long,
0.5 mm. broad; style about 8 mm. longer than the stamens, the stigma
minute; capsules clavate, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide and about 2 mm.
thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, the tip obtuse, suberose;
seeds not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1951403, collected in
the vicinity of Envigado, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 1,600
meters altitude, October 1945, by Felix Molina (No. 35).

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.
Molina states in his label notes that the plant was in an open and very
sunny place, whence its specific epithet #dos, the sun, and ¢idos,
loving.

9. Habracanthus erythranthus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 162

Herba erecta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, aliquanto parce puber-
ulis vel deorsum glabratis, pilis curvatis, subappressis vel ascend-
entibus, septatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 437

breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, vel superiores basi rotundatae vel
obtusae, membranacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra vel
parce puberula, costa et venis lateralibus vix prominentibus aliquanto
dense puberulis exceptis, cystolithis vix prominentibus; petioli foliorum
inferiorum graciles, puberuli, superiorum breves; paniculae terminales
et laterales, ramis 1-vel 2-furcatis semi-helicoideis, foliis parvis suffultis,
rhachibus et pedicellis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis patulis vel re-
trorse curvatis, conspicue septatis; segmenta calycis lineari-lanceolata,
aliquanto hirtella et ciliata, pilis septatis; corolla rubra, subtiliter
pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labio superiore oblongo-
ovato, erecto, apice obtuso et minute apiculato, labio inferiore plus
minusve patulo, ovato, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, apiculatis; stamina
exserta, glabra, antheris linearibus, utrinque muticis; capsulae clava-
tae, glabrae; semina, plana, ovata, tuberculata.

Erect herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, rather
sparingly puberulous or the lower portions glabrate, the hairs curved,
subappressed or ascending, about 0.2 mm. long, septate; leaf blades
oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 9 em. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
short-acuminate (the tip itself acute), cuneate at base or the uppermost
rounded or obtuse, thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous or
sparingly puberulous except costa and lateral veins, these more densely
puberulous with appressed or ascending septate hairs up to 0.2 mm.
long, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, these and the costa and lateral
veins scarcely prominent but more so beneath than above, cystoliths
scarcely prominent, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles of the lower leaves
slender, up to 1 cm. long, puberulous, those of the upper leaves very
short (about 1 mm. long); flowers borne in terminal and axillary
round-tipped panicles up to 20 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, the branches
of the panicles once- or twice-forked, subhelicoid, the lowermost
branches subtended by typical stem leaves, these becoming gradually
smaller and more ovate with rounder bases toward the tip of the
inflorescence, the rachis, rachilla and pedicels (1 to 5 mm. long)
rather densely hirtellous with spreading or retrorsely curved and
conspicuously septate hairs; calyx segments linear-lanceolate, up to 8
mm. long and 1 mm. wide, moderately hirtellous and ciliate with sep-
tate hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, these spreading or ascending; corollas
red, finely and moderately pubescent (the hairs ascending, septate,
0.2 mm. long), about 23 mm. long (from base to tip of the upper lip),
the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, thence enlarged to 2 min. at 5 mm.
above base, and from that point gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth,
slightly saccate, the upper lip narrowly oblong-ovate, erect, about 9
mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, the tip obtuse and minutely apiculate,
the lower lip slightly spreading, ovate, 6 mm. long, about 8 mm. wide,
3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, sharply

438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

apiculate; stamens exceeding the upper lip of the corolla, glabrous, the
anthers linear-oblong, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, blunt at both ends;
capsules clavate, 4-seeded, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, about 2 mm.
thick, glabrous; retinacula 2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad at base, nar-
rowed to a subacute tip; seed (immature) whitish, flat, ovate, tuber-
culate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995127, collected
in damp forest at base of La Cumbre de Santa Elena, on the road from

Ficure 162.—Habracanthus erythranthus Leonard (Scolnik, Araque-M., 9 Barkley 19An.
340): a, Tip of plant; 4, portion (under surface) of leaf blade enlarged to show trichomes
and cystoliths; c, calyx and bracts; d, portion of pedicel enlarged to show trichomes; e,
one of the trichomes; f, corolla. (a, Natural size; b, 8 times natural size; c, twice
natural size; d, 17 times natural size; ¢, 65 times natural size; f, about half natural size.)

Medellin to Rio Negro, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, about
2,500 meters altitude, April 2, 1949, by Rosa Scolnik, Jorge Araque
Molina, and Fred A. Barkley (No. 19An.340).

Habracanthus erythranthus bears a general resemblance to H.
scolnikae and may be closely related to it. The two species, however,
should be easy to separate. The corollas of H. scolnikae are sulphur
yellow, the segments of the calyx are tipped by several conspicuous

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 439

glandular trichomes, the pedicels inconspicuously and very sparingly
hirtellous, and the leaf blades, even the lowermost, are of an ovate
type, whereas in H. erythranthus the corollas are red, the calyx seg-
ments are devoid of any glandular trichomes, the pedicels are densely
hirtellous with conspicuously septate hairs, and at least the lowermost
leaf blades are oblong-obovate or oblong-elliptic.

The specific epithet is from the Greek épvdpés, red, and avéos, flower,
alluding to the color of the corolla.

10. Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 163

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel in
nodis bifariam pilosis, pilis plus minusve patulis, septatis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel rhombeo-ovata, apice breviter acuminata (apice
ipso subobtuso), basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,
supra dense pilosa, pilis debilibus, ascendentibus, septatis, subtus
aliquanto pilosa, pilis praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus positis,
cystolithis paginae superioris nigris, obscuris, paginae inferioris albis,
pluribus, sub lente conspicuis; petioli subtus glabri, in canale plus
minusve pilosi; paniculae terminales, oblongae, ramis infimis foliis
suffultis, ramis superioribus bracteis deltoideo-ovatis, apice rotundatis
suffultis, bracteis ultimis parvis, triangularibus, subacutis, rhache et
rhachillis glabris vel parce hirtellis, pedicellis aliquanto brevibus,
glabris; calycis segmenta extus glabra vel apice pilis paucis ascendenti-
bus septatis praedita, intus glandulosa; corolla purpurea, glabra, tubo
subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari, apice acuto, cincinnato vel
contorto, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, conduplicato, apice 3-lobato,
lobis ovatis, obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra; stylus exsertus; stigma
parvum; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants probably up to 1 m. high or more
(only tips available for study); stems subquadrangular, glabrous or
bifariously pilose in the nodal region, the hairs more or less spreading,
up to 1 mm. long, septate; leaf blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, up
to 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide near middle, gradually narrowed to a
short-subacuminate tip (the tip itself subobtuse) cuneate at base,
moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface conspicuously
pilose, the hairs flaccid, ascending, up to 1 mm. long, septate, pilose
on the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs), the cystoliths up to
0.144 mm. long, those of the upper surface black and inconspicuous,
of the lower surface white, numerous and very conspicuous under a
lens; petioles up to 3 cm. long, 1 mm. thick, the lower surface glabrous,
the channels more or less pilose; panicles purple, up to 30 cm. long and
5 em. broad, moderately dense, the lower branches subtended by
typical stem leaves, the upper by deltoid-ovate leaf-like sessile bracts,
rounded at tip, the lowermost of these about 4 mm. long and 2.5 mm.

440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide, the others successively smaller, all glabrous or sparingly hirtel-
lous, the ultimate bracts triangular, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide at base, subacute; rachis and rachilla glabrous or bearing a few
scattered hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, these ascending and septate;
pedicels erect, up to 2 mm. long, glabrous, ascending; calyx 5 mm.
long, glabrous or bearing a few acute hairs up to 0.16 mm. long on
the outer surface, the inner surfaces glandular; corolla purple, glab-
rous, up to 23 mm. long, the tube up to 10 mm. long, about 2 mm.
broad at base, enlarged to 2.5 mm. at 2 mm. above base, narrowed

Ficure 163.—Habracanthus putumayensis Leonard (Schultes €F Villarreal 7740): a, Leaf
blade; b, tip of panicle; ¢, basal node of same; d, calyx segment; ¢, corolla. (a-c,
Natural size; d, 6 times natural size; ¢, 234 times natural size.)

to 2 mm. at 4 mm. above base, thence enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth,
the upper lip erect, 13 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm. wide
at base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, the lower lip spreading,
8 mm. long and wide, conduplicate, the tip 3-lobed, the lobes ovate,
about 1 mm. long and wide, obtuse; stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long and
1.25 mm. thick, muticous at both ends; style exceeding the stamens
about 4 cm., the two stigma lobes minute, rounded; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 44]

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124999, collected in
Portachuelo, Valley of Sibundoy, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia,
2,250-2,400 meters altitude, May 31, 1946, by Richard Evans Schultes
and Mardoqueo Villarreal (No. 7740). Isotype: US No. 2125000.
11. Habracanthus floriferus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 164

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris, cystolithis subpuncti-
formibus; lamina foliorum ovata, aliquanto magna, apice breviter
acuminata, basi lata cuneata vel laminae foliorum supremorum basi
rotundatae vel obtusae, integra vel undulata, supra parce pilosa, laxe
pilosula praecipue in venis, costa et venis lateralibus et venulis crasse
reticulatis prominentibus, supra venulis aliquanto obscuris, cysto-
lithis sub lente gracilibus sed conspicuis; petioli longi, glabri, cysto-
lithis minutis, pluribus, parallelis; paniculae floriferae terminales,
densae vel sublaxae, ramis subhelicoideis, 1-vel 2-furcatae; paniculae
inferiores parvae, forsan steriles, apetalae, calycibus reductis, parvis;
bracteae ramos panicularum subtendentes ovatae vel suborbiculares
vel superiores rotundatae et apiculatae, basi rotundatae, sessiles;
bracteolae lanceolatae, acutae; rhachis et rhachilla glabrae vel parce
pilosulae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, glabra, graciliter nervata;
corolla purpurea, glabra, apicibus labiorum paulo _hirtellorum
excepta, labio superiore erecto, lincari, apice curvato vel cincinnato,
apice cucullato et acuto, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice rotundato,
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
linearibus, utrinque muticis; ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous,
the cystoliths subpunctiform; leaf blades ovate, up to 19 cm. long and
8.5 em. wide, short-acuminate, broadly cuneate at base or the smaller
uppermost blades rounded to obtuse, rather thin, entire or undulate,
sparingly pilose above with flaccid, septate hairs 1 mm. long or more,
obscurely pilosulous beneath, especially on costa, lateral veins (10
to 12 pairs), and veinlets, these prominent beneath, rather obscure
above, the cystoliths slender but prominent under a lens, up to 0.2
mm. long; petioles up to 8 cm. long, glabrous, the cystoliths minute,
numerous and parallel; flower-bearing panicles terminal, up to 10 cm.
long and about 6 cm. broad, dense to sublax, the stem bearing small
axillary, mostly sterile cymes up to 2 cm. long, the branches of the
inflorescence subhelicoid, usually once-forked; bracts subtending the
branches of the inflorescence ovate to suborbicular, 1 to 1.5 em. long,
about 1 cm. wide, the lowermost acute, the upper rounded and
apiculate, rounded and sessile at base, the rachis and rachilla glabrous
or rather sparingly pilosulous, the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, the
pedicels up to 3 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous; bracts subtending the
flowers lanceolate, about 4 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide near base,

388179—57——_9

4492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

acute; calyx 8 mm. long, glabrous, the segments lanceolate, 7 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, faintly 3- to 5-nerved, the cystoliths
obscure, the calyces of the sterile lower axillary inflorescences 2 to 3
mm. long; corolla purple, glabrous except the tips of the lips (these
hirtellous, the hairs about 0.2 mm. long and ascending), 2.5 cm. long
from the base to tip of the upper lip, the tube 3 mm. broad at base,

a)

Ficure 164.—Habracanthus floriferus Leonard (Cuatrecasas 8519): a, Leaf blade; b, hairs
from margin of leaf blade; c, the upper flower-producing portion of the panicle; d, one
of the lowermost nodes from the sterile basal portion of the panicle; ¢, calyx; f, anther.
(a, Half natural size; b, 42 times natural size; c, d, natural size; ¢, about 4 times natural
size; f, 544 times natural size.)

narrowed to 2.5 mm. at 6 mm. above base, 4 mm. broad at mouth,
the upper lip linear, 1 cm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, the tip recurved or
curled, cucullate and acute, the lower lip spreading, ovate, 1 cm.
long, 7 to 8 mm. wide, rounded and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 25 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers linear, 6 mm. long, 0.5

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 443

mm. broad, muticous at both ends; ovary glabrous; mature capsules
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1799125, collected at
the Quebrada del Rio Hacha, below Gabinete, Cordillera Occidental,
Comisaria de Caqueté, Colombia, 2,100 to 2,250 meters altitude,
March 23, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 8519).

12. Habracanthus callianthus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 165

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, sursum
parce lutescenti-strigillosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel late
oblongo-lanceolata, graciliter acuminata, saepe plus minusve curvata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi cuneata, submembranacea, integra vel
leviter undulata, glabra vel parce et minute hirtella, pilis subappressis,
costa et venis lateralibus subtus conspicuis, supra obscuris; petioli
aliquanto longi, glabri vel parce et minute hirtelli, paniculae ter-
minales, ovoideae, foliiferae, rhache et rhachillis et pedicellis plus
minusve hirtellis, pilis recurvatis; bracteae ramos inflorescentiae
subtendentes foliaceae cordatae, acutae, sessiles vel subsessiles;
bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta
linearia, acuminata (apice plus minusve curvato), glabra vel minute et
parce hirtella; corolla coccinea, glabra, labio superiore lineari, apice
obtuso, recurvato vel cincinato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, antheris linear-
ibus, utrinque muticis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina suborb-
icularia, subbrunnea, plus minusve muricata.

Herbs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or
rather sparingly yellowish-strigillose, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-ovate or broadly oblong-lanceolate, up to 18 cm.
long and 7 cm. wide, short and rather slenderly acuminate, often
more or less curved (the tip itself blunt), cuneate at base, moderately
thin, entire or lightly undulate, minutely pilosulous above on the
surfaces, pilosulous beneath on the veins and veinlets, the costa
and lateral veins (10 or 12 pairs) moderately prominent beneath, the
veinlets coarsely reticulate, obscure; petioles up to 5 cm. long and 2
mm. thick, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs; panicles ovoid,
terminal, usually up to 20 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, more or less
diffuse to rather dense, especially at and near the tip, the branches
forked with a flower in the fork, the lowermost branches of the panicle
subtended by foliage leaves, the upper with cordate, acuminate, sub-
sessile bracts up to 3 cm. long, the uppermost and flowers subtended
by lanceolate acuminate bracts up to 6 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide
near base, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the rachis and rachilla
more or less hirtellous, the hairs recurved, up to 0.25 mm. long, the
pedicels up to 8 mm. long and 0.38 mm. thick, moderately to rather

444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

densely hirtellous with recurved hairs up to 0.3 mm. long; calyx
segments linear, up to 12 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide near base,
acuminate (the tip more or less recurved), glabrous or bearing a few
minute hairs on margins and near the tip; corolla scarlet, up to 24
mm. long, glabrous, the upper lip about 1 cm. long and 2 mm. wide,
the tip obtuse, recurved or coiled, the lower lip ovate, spreading, 1

AYN A WAL y
YS \) eae Ae l/ | Ve
Ws u Ny v i Wain ih. ! <>

Ficure 165.—Habracanthus callianthus Leonard (a, Pennell 2667; b-h, Grant 9011). a,
Leaf; 6, tip of panicle; ¢, basal node of panicle; ¢, branch of inflorescence from near its
base; ¢, portion of rachilla enlarged to show pubescence; f, calyx; g, corolla; h, anther.
(a, b, Half natural size; c, d, natural size; ¢, 30 times natural size; f, about 4 times
natural size; g, twice natural size; h, 6 times natural size.)

cm. long and about 8 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 1 mm. long,
the middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. wide, all rounded;
stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla,
glabrous, the anthers linear, about 6 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad,
rounded at both ends; pistils slightly exceeding the stamens, glabrous,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 445

the stigma minute; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, 2.5
mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, narrowed to the truncate
fimbriate tip; seed suborbicular, oblique at base, about 2.5 mm. in
diameter, brownish, muricate at least near the margins.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 2059078, collected in a
clearing in temperate forests 3 km. southwest of Charquita and 25
km. west-southwest of Bogotaé, Department of Cundinamarca, Co-
lombia, 2,800 meters altitude, April 13, 1944, by Martin L. Grant
(No. 9011).

Also of this species are Cuatrecasas’ No. 209 (US), collected in a
dense forest of La Hondonada, Salto de Tequendama, 2,250 to 2,300
meters altitude, October 2, 1938, and Pennell’s No. 2667 (GH, NY),
collected in a forest below El Pejfion, southwest of Sibate, 2,600 to
2,800 meters altitude, October 29, 1917. Both collections are from
the Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia.

The specific epithet is from the Greek xad\\.-, beautiful, and avAos,
flower.

13. Habracanthus pilosus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 166

Herba, caulibus debilibus, subteretibus, pilosis, pilis patulis, sep-
tatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel
breviter acuminata (apice ipso subacuto), basi cuneata, membranacea,
integra aliquanto dense pilosa et ciliata, pilis ascendentibus, costa et
venis lateralibus inconspicuis; petioli pilosi; paniculae foliiferae laxae,
floribus paucis, ramis simplicibus vel 1-furcatis, rhachis et rhachillis
abundante pilosis, pilis patulis, acutis, conspicue septatis, pilis paucis
in glandula parva conica terminantibus intermixtis; bracteae ultimae
subulatae parvae, pilosae, apice recurvatae; calycis segmenta subulata,
apice gracilia (apice ipso subobtuso), pilosa, pilis patulis septatis;
corolla rubra, tubo deorsum piloso, pilis patulis, septatis, sursum
glabro, labio superiore oblongo, apice rotundato, labio inferiore ovato,
3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
muticis et minute apiculatis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; retinacula
gracilia, recta vel leviter curvata, apice rotundata, erosa; semina
brunnea, levia vel leviter rugosa, basi obliqua.

Herbs; stems weak, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, subterete, pilose, the
hairs spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long, septate; leaf blades lanceolate to
oblong-elliptic, up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, acute to short-
acuminate (the tip itself subacute), cuneate at base, thin, entire,
rather densely pilose on both surfaces and ciliate, the hairs ascending,
up to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs) barely
prominent beneath, obscure above; petioles up to 2 cm. long, pilose;
panicles lax, few-flowered, leafy, the branches simple or once-forked,

446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the rhachis and rachilla rather copiously pilose, the hairs spreading,
conspicuously septate, occasionally a few of the hairs terminating in
a minute brownish conical gland, the leaflike bracts subtending the
branches of the inflorescence 1 to 3 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide;
bracts subtending the flowers subulate, up to 2 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide at base, pilose, the tips usually recurved; calyx 12 mm.
long at maturity, rather densely pilose with septate spreading hairs

Figure 166.—Habracanthus pilosus Leonard (Grant t§ Fosberg 9343): a, Tip of plant;
b, node of inflorescence showing the bracts subtending the pedicels; c, portion of rachilla
enlarged to show pubescence; d, calyx; ¢, a glandular and an acute-tipped trichome
from calyx segment; f, tip of corolla; g, anther. (a, Natural size; b, 6 times natural
size; c, 74 times natural size; d, 2}4 times natural size; ¢,40 times natural size; f, 3 times
natural size; g, 844 times natural size.)

up to 1.5 mm. long, the segments subulate, 1 mm. wide at base, gradu-
ally narrowed into a slender bluntish tip; corollas pale to dark red,
2 to 2.5 cm. long, the lower half rather sparingly pilose with septate
hairs, these spreading and up to 0.5 mm. long, the upper half glabrous,
the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1 mm. at 3 mm. above
base, thence abruptly expanded to 5 mm., the lips erect or suberect,
the upper lip oblong, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near base, the tip rounded

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 447

and entire, not contorted, the lower lip equaling the upper, ovate, 4.5
mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, about 3 mm. long, the middle
one about 2 mm. wide at base, the lateral ones about 1 mm. wide, all
rounded; stamens exserted about 1 cm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla, glabrous, the anthers 4.5 mm. long and about 1 mm. broad,
blunt and minutely apiculate; style slightly exceeding the stamens,
the stigma minute; capsule clavate, 13 mm. long, about 5 mm. broad,
2 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2 mm. long, slender, straight or
slightly curved, the tips rounded, erose; seeds brown, 3 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, 0.75 mm. thick, smoothish or slightly roughened, oblique
at base.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045428, collected in
temperate forest around San Isidro, 7 km. south of Gachala, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,200 meters alti-
tude, May 27, 1944, by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg (No. 9343).

Earl L. Core’s No. 591 (US), collected in dense forest in the vicinity
of Los Andes, on the Rio Blanco, southeast of Guasca, ‘9,300 ft.”
altitude, April 19, 1944, is also of this species. The corollas of the
holotype were stated to be pale red, and those of Core’s No. 591
dark red.

14. Habracanthus killipii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 167

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, antrorse strig-
osis vel glabratis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, subacuta
vel breviter acuminata, basi angustata, aliquanto membranacea,
integra vel undulata, supra nitida, glabra vel parce hirsuta, pilis
ascendentibus, cystolithis sum lente prominentibus, subtus pilosula,
pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis
et venulis crasse reticulatis, subtus aliquanto prominentibus; paniculae
terminales, magnae, graciles, laxae, pedunculis et ramis panicularum
minute strigosis, pilis paucis patulis glandulosis intermixtis; pedicelli
graciles minute hirtelli vel strigosi; bracteae infimae foliaceae; brac-
teae superiores minutae, subulatae, parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta
linearia, angusta, apice acuta, minute hirtella, pilis rigidis, ascenden-
tibus; corolla claro-punicea, glabra, tubo anguste campanulato, labio
superiore lanceolato, apice agnustato, rotundato, labio inferiore sub-
erecto, ovato, apice trilobato, lobis anguste triangularibus, apice
obtusis; stamina exserta, filamentis puniceis, glabris, antheris utrinque
muticis; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs or shrubby plants up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangu-
lar, upwardly strigose or glabrate, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long; leaf
blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 10 cm. long and 3 mm. wide,
subacute to short-acuminate, narrowed at base, rather thin, entire
or undulate, the upper surface nitid, glabrous to sparingly hirsute,

448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, ascending, the cystoliths rather promi-
nent under a lens, about 0.08 mm. long, the lower surface pilosulous,
the hairs confined chiefly to costa and veins (8 to 10 pairs), up to 0.2
mm. long, curved and ascending, the cystoliths prominent under a
lens; petioles up to 2 mm. long, puberulous, the hairs appressed or
ascending, up to 0.16 mm. long; flowers borne in loose terminal pan-

Figure 167.—Habracanthus killipti Leonard (Killip & Smith 19966): a, Tip of plant;
b, calyx and bracts; ¢, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence; d, corolla;
é, tip of lower lip of corolla. (a, Natural size; b, 244 times natural size; c, 6 times
natural size; d, ¢, 144 times natural size.)

icles up to 30 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, the branches slender, ascend-
ing, few-flowered, the lower internodes of the inflorescence finely
strigose or hirtellous, up to 4 cm. long, becoming shorter toward
tip of panicle, the internodes of the ultimate branches about 1 cm.
long and bearing in addition to the appressed hairs a few longer
(0.75 mm.) more spreading ones, the lowermost branches of the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 449

inflorescence subtended by leaves similar but somewhat smaller than
the main stem leaves, the upper branches of the inflorescence sub-
tended by subulate bracts 2 to 3 mm. long and about 3 mm. wide at
base, sparingly hirtellous; pedicels about 3 mm. long, minutely strigose
or hirtellous; calyx deeply segmented, the segments linear, 7 to 10
mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to an acute
tip, minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, ascending, up to 0.16 mm. long;
corolla bright red, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous, the tube 1 cm. long, 2.5
mm. wide at base, narrowed at 2 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
expanded to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 1 cm. long, 4 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to a blunt tip, usually more or less
contorted, the lower lip more or less spreading, 1.5 mm. long, ovate,
8 mm. wide slightly below the middle, thence narrowed to 3 mm. at
tip and terminated by 3 narrowly triangular lobes about 2.5 mm.
long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide at base, the lateral ones 1 mm.
wide, all obtuse; stamens slightly exserted beyond the lower lip, the
filaments glabrous and bright red, the anthers 3 mm. long and 0.5
mm. broad; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1355119, collected in
dense woods on the road from Pamplona to Toledo, crossing the
divide between Rio Teja (Maracaibo drainage) and Rio Mesme
(Orinoco drainage), Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia,
2,800 to 3,000 meters altitude, February 27-28, 1927, by E. P. Killip
and Albert C. Smith (No. 19966). Isotypes: GH, NY.

The species is also represented by Killip and Smith’s No. 20451,
collected along stream in woods in the vicinity of Loso, north of Toledo,
Department of Norte de Santander, 2,200 to 2,400 meters altitude,
March 6-7, 1927 (GH, NY, US).

Habracanthus killipii is characterized by its rather thin and rela-
tively small leaf blades, bright red corollas, and slenderly branched
large lax panicles.

15. Habracanthus charien Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 168

Herba gracilis, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangu-
laribus, puberulis, pilis antrorse ascendentibus; lamina foliorum lance-
olato-ovata, subobtusa vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra hirtella, pilis curvatis,
ascendentibus, rigidis, subtus pilis rigidis subadpressis, rectis vel
leviter curvatis praecipue in costa et venis positis, utrinque venis
aliquanto conspicuis, cystolithis obscuris; petioli graciles, hirtelli;
paniculae longae, graciles, ramis infimis ramosis, ramis ultimis race-
mosis, racemis laxis floribus paucis; pedunculi graciles, quadrangu-
lares, hirtelli; pedicelli brevissimi, hirtelli; rami infimi paniculae
foliis ovatis suffulti; rami ultimi ct flores bracteis linearibus, acutis,

450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

parce hirtellis, pilis rigidis, rectis, ascendentibus suffulti; bracteolae
nullae; calycis segmenta 5, lineari-lanceolata, apice subacuta, dorso
hirtella, pilis ascendentibus, rigidis, fere rectis (pilis paucis glandulosis),
intus glabra; corolla rosea, lobis extus pilosis, alibi glabra, tubo sub-
cylindrico, lobis ellipticis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra;
styli glabri; stigma subcapitatum, obscure bilobatum; ovarium
glabrum.

Ficure 168.—Habracanthus charien Leonard (Grant 9439): a, Tip of plant to show upper
portion of inflorescence; b, portion of undersurface of leaf blade to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; d, node of inflorescence
to show bracts; e, calyx; f, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence;
g, anther; h, style. (a, Natural size; b, 10 times natural size; c, 25 times natural size;
d, h, 5 times natural size; ¢, 3 times natural size; f, 37 times natural size; g, about
7 times natural size.)

Herb up to 60 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, slender, sub-
quadrangular, puberulous, the hairs upwardly ascending, curved,
septate (the septa black), up to 0.2 mm. long, the internodes of the
stems up to 9.5 cm. long; leaf blades lance-ovate, up to 3 cm. long
and 1 cm. wide, subobtuse to short-acuminate with a blunt tip,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, IIL 451

narrowed at base, rather firm, entire, the upper surface hirtellous,
the hairs mostly curved, ascending, rigid, up to 0.3 mm. long, the
hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins,
rigid, subappressed, straight or slightly curved, up to 0.4 mm. long,
the venation of both leaf surfaces moderately conspicuous, the
cystoliths obscure; petioles slender, up to 5 mm. long, hirtellous;
panicles slender, up to 30 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, the lowermost
branches paniculate, the upper branches racemose, the flowers in
each raceme few (usually 2 to 5 or 6), or the flowers in or near the tip
of the panicle solitary; peduncles slender, up to 3 cm. long, quad-
rangular, 0.25 mm. in diameter, hirtellous, the hairs similar to those
of the stems; pedicels short, not more than 1.5 mm. long and 0.3 mm.
in diameter, hirtellous, the medial and lowermost branches of the
panicle subtended by leaves, these progressively smaller toward tip
of the inflorescence, the uppermost branches subtended by bracts,
these linear, up to 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs straight, rigid, ascending, up to 0.2 mm. long;
bracts subtending the flowers similar but somewhat smaller; bractlets
none; calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, linear-lanceolate,
8.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near the base, subacute at the tip, mod-
erately hirtellous dorsally, and ciliate, the hairs ascending, rigid,
nearly straight, up to 0.16 mm. long, an occasional one gland-tipped,
the inner surface of segments glabrous; corolla rose, 11-15 mm.
long, glabrous except the lobes, these pilose dorsally, the hairs
mostly spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, white, the tube subcylindric,
1.5 mm. in diameter, the lobes elliptic, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
rounded or obtuse, the posterior lobe subcucullate; stamens barely
excerted, 7 mm. long, glabrous, the anthers 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
broad; style 4 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma subcapitate, incon-
spicuously bilobed; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045429, collected in
temperate forest, Cerro Negro, Hato Grande, on ridge east of
Rio Muchindote, 15 km. east of Gacheté, Department of Cundina-
marca, Colombia, 2,735 meters altitude, June 13, 1944, by Martin
L. Grant (No. 9439). Isotype: US.

The specific epithet is from the Greek yapiev, meaning slender and
graceful. Compared with other Colombian species, Habracanthus
charien is unique in its small rose corollas with narrow tube, small
throat, subequal lips (the upper lip relatively broad and not
contorted) and in its short, barely exserted stamens. The species
might possibly represent a new genus.

452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

16. Habracanthus smithii Leonard, sp. nov. FicurEe 169

Herba, caulibus subteretibus, glabris, cystolithis pluribus, minutis,
parallelis, conspicuis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata,
apice graciliter acuminata, plus minusve curvata, basi rotundata et
in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel leviter undulata,
utrinque glabra vel in costa et venis lateralibus parce hirsuta, cysto-
lithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli glabri, cystolithis conspicuis;
paniculae magnae, terminales, pyramidatae vel anguste ovoideae,
ramis pluribus, floribus erectis, pedicellis gracilibus, rhachibus et
pedicellis dense pilosis, pilis patulis, albidis, apice glandulis elongatis
terminatis; bracteae parvae, anguste triangulares, acutae, glanduloso-
pilosae; calycis segmenta _ lineari-lanceolata, acuta, graciliter
5-nervata, intus glabra, extus glanduloso-pilosa; corolla rubra, gland-
uloso-pilosa, valde ventricosa, apice curvata, labio superiore plus
minusve erecto, oblongo-obovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiore
leviter patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta
basi tubi corollae inserta, glabra, antheris oblongis, leviter curvatis;
capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina 4, brunnea, ovoidea, basi obliqua,
plana, muricata.

Herbs up to 3 meters high or more; stems subterete, glabrous,
the cystoliths minute and parallel, 0.03 to 0.16 mm. long, conspicuous
and numerous toward tips of stems; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate,
up to 23 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, slenderly and somewhat abruptly
acuminate, the tip more or less curved, decurrent on the petiole from a
rounded base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly undulate, both
surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs)
sparingly hirsute, the cystoliths rather numerous and prominent, 0.48
to 0.96 mm. long; petioles (including winged portion) up to 12 em.
long, the wing up to 3 cm. broad at its widest part at base of leaf blade,
glabrous, with numerous parallel cystoliths; panicle terminal, py-
ramidal or rather narrowly ovoid, 20 to 46 cm. long and 4 to 11 em.
broad, the flowers rather numerous, erect or suberect on slender
pedicels 1 to 1.5 em. long, the lowermost branches of the panicle
subtended by narrow leaves, the inflorescence branches dichotomously
or cincinnally branched, forming lax subhelicoid cymes, the entire
inflorescence densely pilose with whitish spreading hairs up to 1 mm.
long, terminated by elongated glands ; bracts narrowly triangular, 2
to 2.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, glandular-pilose;
calyx 10 to 15 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments linear-
lanceolate, 0.75 to 1.5 mm. wide, acute, densely glandular-pilose
without, glabrous within, delicately 5-nerved; corollas red, 18 to 20
mm. long, pilose with long spreading glandular hairs, the tube 3 mm.
broad at base, enlarged to 3 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence abruptly

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 453

enlarged to 10 mm. at middle and again narrowed to 6 or 7 mm. at
mouth, strongly ventricose, curved at tip, the upper lip oblong-obovate,
more or less erect, 7 mm. long, 2mm. wide at base, 3.5 mm. wide above
middle, rounded and entire at tip, the lower lip slightly spreading, 5
mm. long, 10 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 2 mm. long, 3.75
mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 4 to 15 mm. beyond the mouth

Ficure 169.—Habracanthus smithii Leonard (Killip &% Smith 19257): a, Section (about
middle) of inflorescence; b, basal portion of leaf blade; ¢, tip of leaf blade; d, portion
of leaf blade (upper surface) enlarged to show cystoliths; ¢, bracts; f, corolla; g, portion
of pedicel enlarged to show trichomes. (a-c, Half natural size; d, 4 times natural size;
e, 7 times natural size; f, natural size; g, about 30 times natural size.)

of the corolla and inserted at its base, glabrous; anthers 5 mm. long,
1.5 mm. broad, oblong and slightly curved; style slightly exceeding the
stamens, glabrous, the stigma minute, obtuse; capsules clavate,
glabrous, 16 mm. long, the seed-bearing portion 4 mm. wide and about
3 mm. thick, the solid stipe 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; seed 4, brown,

454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ovoid, oblique at base, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thick,
muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1354534, collected in
dense woods on the west side of Mount Pefia Blanca, near Charta,
Department of Santander, Colombia, 2,500 to 2,600 meters altitude,
February 11, 1927, by E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith (No. 19257).
Isotypes: GH, NY.

Araque-M, and Barkley’s No. 188.341, collected in dense humid
forests east of Bucaramanga, Department of Santander, Colombia,
about 2,000 meters altitude, December 18, 1948, is also of this species.

Habracanthus smith can be readily recognized by its large, densely
glandular-pilose panicles of red flowers with conspicuously ventricose
corollas.

17. Habracanthus xanthothrix Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 169a

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum bifariam pubescenti-
bus, pilis flavidus, retrorse curvatis, conspicue articulatis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso), basi
angustata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra hirsuta, pilis flavidis cur-
vatis, articulatis, subtus dense hirsuta, pilis curvatis, flavidis, arti-
culatis, utrinque pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, costa et venis
prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli in canalibus hirsuti,
subtus glabri; paniculae terminales, grandes, laxae, foliaceae, ramulis
dense et bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis vel retrorsis, articulatis; bracteae
ramulos subtendentes subulatae, parvae, parce ciliatae, minute hir-
sutae; pedicelli hirsuti, pilis retrorsis vel patulis articulatis; calycis
segmenta oblonga, acuta, hirsuta, pilis flavis, articulatis, pilis acutis et
pilis eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla flava, parce pubescens, tubo
infundibuliformi, leviter sacciformi, labio superiore anguste lineari,
acuto, labio inferiore triangulari-ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus;
stamina exserta, antheris lineari-oblongis, minute apiculatis.

Herbs up to 1 m. high or more, 4 mm. in diameter at about the
middle, subquadrangular, glabrous or bifariously pubescent at. tip,
the hairs yellowish, retrorsely curved, up to 0.5 mm. long, conspicu-
ously jointed (under lens); leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 16 cm.
long and 5.5 em. wide, acuminate, the tip itself bluntish, narrowed at
base, moderately firm, entire, the upper surface hirsute with yellowish
jointed curved hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface more
densely hirsute with similar hairs, these on both surfaces confined
mostly to the veins and veinlets, the costa and lateral veins (about
14 pairs) prominent, the veinlets conspicuously and rather coarsely
reticulate; petioles 2.5 cm. long, the channels hirsute with hairs
similar to those of the leaf blades, the lower rounded portion glabrous;
flowers borne in large open leafy terminal panicles, the branches
densely and bifariously pilose with yellowish jointed spreading retrorse

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 455

hairs up to 1 mm. long, the bracts subtending the ultimate branches
subulate, 5 mm. or less long, acuminate, 1 mm. broad at base, ciliate,
sparingly and minutely hirsute with hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; pedicels
5 mm. long, about 0.75 mm. thick, these and the calyx moderately
hirsute with yellowish spreading or retrorse jointed hairs up to 0.5
mm. long, some of these gland-tipped; calyx 8 mm. long, the segments
oblong, about 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; corolla 2 cm. long,
yellow, sparingly pubescent the hairs more or less spreading, about
0.16 mm. long, the base of the corolla tube 2 mm. broad, 2.75 mm.
broad at 2 mm. above base, then narrowed to 2.5 mm., thence en-

14d

Ficure 169a.—Habracanthus xanthothrix Leonard (Kgie 4671): a, Leaf and node of stem;
b, tip of inflorescence; c, calyx; d, portion of calyx enlarged to show hairs. (a, Half
natural size; b, natural size; c, 2}4 times natural size; d, 50 times natural size.)

larged to 6 mm. at mouth, the throat moderately saccate, the upper
lip narrowly linear, 8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at base, acute, the
lower lip triangular-ovate, 8 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip,
the lobes about 0.25 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad; stamens exserted
5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube; anthers linear-oblong,
2.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, minutely apiculate at base; ovary
glabrous; disk 1 mm. high; capsules not seen.

Type in the Herbarium of the Botanical Museum of the University
of Copenhagen, collected at Nufiez, Department of Cundinamarca,

456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Colombia, 2400 meters altitude, June 11, 1952, by M. Kgie (No.
4671),

The specific epithet is from the Greek favs, yellow, and Olé,
hair.

18. Habracanthus xantholeucus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 170

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel sursum minute puberu-
lis, pilis appressis ; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica,
apice breviter acuminata, aliquando curvata, basi cuncata, aliquanto
tenuis, integra vel leviter et obscure undulata, utrinque parce et minute
puberula, pilis rigidis, ascendentibus vel appressis, in costa et venis
praecipue positis; petioli subtus glabri, in canale puberuli, pilis sub-
appressis; paniculae foliiferae, laxac, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, rhache et
rhachillis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis subbrunneis vel leviter curvatis,
pedicellis erectis vel ascendentibus, dense hirtellis, pilis acutis et
pilis glandulosis intermixtis; paniculae inferiores axillares reductae,
parvae, forsan steriles, apetalae, calycibus reductis, parvis; bracteae
ultimae subulatae, acutae (apice ipso subobtuso), sparse et minute
hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta (apice ipso subobtuso),
hirtella, pilis rigidis, patulis, ascendentibus, pilis longioribus gland-
ulosis intermixtis; corolla citrina, tubo subcylindrico, glabro, labio
superiore anguste lineari, apicem versus externe minute hirtella,
apice obtuso, labio inferiore patulo, conduplicato, ovato, apice
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
linearibus; ovarium glabrum.

Shrub up to 5 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous or the upper
portions minutely puberulous the hairs appressed, up to 0.16 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 30 cm. long
and 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate, the tip sometimes curved, cuneate
at base, rather thin, entire or shallowly and obscurely undulate, both
surfaces minutely and sparingly puberulous, the hairs rigid, up to 0.16
mm. long, ascending to appressed, confined chiefly to costa and lateral
veins (14 to 16 pairs), these, including the coarsely reticulated vein-
lets, rather conspicuous beneath, less so above, the cystoliths few and
inconspicuous; petioles up to 7 cm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, the lower
surface glabrous, the channel puberulous with subappressed_ hairs
about 0.2 mm. long; panicles leafy, lax, up to about 10 cm. long and
6 cm. wide, the branches once or twice forked usually with a flower
in the fork, the lowermost axillary panicles small, reduced, perhaps
sterile, the calyces small, the rachis and rachilla rather densely hirtel-
lous with light brownish spreading or slightly recurved hairs up to
0.16 mm. long, the pedicels up to 5 mm. long, erect or ascending,
densely hirtellous with rigid spreading hairs 0.24 to 0.32 mm. long, a
few of the*longer ones gland-tipped, the ultimate bracts subulate,
about 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 457

slender bluntish tip, sparingly and minutely hirtellous; calyx 9 mm.
long (the small ones of the sterile lowermost panicles only 2 or 3 mm.
long), hirtellous with rigid acute spreading or ascending hairs about
0.16 mm. long intermixed with slightly longer gland-tipped ones, the
calyx segments 1 to 1.5 mm. wide at base, thence gradually narrowed
to a slender bluntish tip; corolla lemon-yellow, the lower portion
glabrous, the upper parts sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the length

Ficure 170.—Habracanthus xantholeucus Leonard (Grant 9 Fosberg 9326): a, Basal portion
of leaf blade; 6, upper half of same; ¢, panicle; d, node of stem showing small sterile
axillary panicles; ¢, calyx; f, portion of pedicel enlarged to show pubescence; g, corolla.
(a, b, Half natural size; c, d, g, natural size; ¢, 2/2 times natural size; f, 24 times natural
size.)

of the corolla from base to tip of the upper lip about 3 cm., the tube

10 to 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad at base, 3 mm. at mouth, the upper

lip narrowly linear, 23 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the lower

lip spreading-ovate, conduplicate, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, 3-lobed

at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens

exserted 22 mm. beyond the mouth of the tube, glabrous, the anthers
388179--57——10

458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

linear, 4 mm. long and barely 1 mm. broad; ovary glabrous; capsules
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045426, collected in
temperate forest at San Isidro, 8 km. south of Gachald, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,450 meters
altitude, May 26, 1954, by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg
(No. 9326). Isotype: US.

Habracanthus xantholeucus is well marked among other Colombian
species of the genus by the remarkably long, straight upper lip of the
lemon-yellow corollas. The specific epithet is from the Greek word
£avOdXevxos, meaning pale yellow, in allusion to the color of the corolla.

19. Habracanthus ampelinus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 171

Suffrutex, aliquando subscandentes, caulibus subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel bifariam minute strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
graciliter acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra vel un-
dulata, utrinque hirtellis pilis rigidis, subappressis vel ascendentibus,
praecipue in costa et venis positis; petioli plus minusve graciles, subtus
glabri, in canalibus minute strigosis; paniculae longae et magnae,
terminales, bracteis infimis foliaceis, bracteis ultimis linearibus, parce
hirtellis, rhache et rhachillis dense hirtellis, pilis rigidis, patulis;
pedicelli dense hirtelli, pilis acutis et pilis longioribus glandulosis
intermixtis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, parce vel aliquanto dense
hirtella, pilis patulis, rigidis, acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis;
corolla plus minusve pilosa, aurantiaco-coccinea, tubo anguste in-
fundibuliformi, labio superiore erecto, anguste lineari, apice acuto,
labio inferiore ovato, conduplicato, apice 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis,
obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris muticis; ovarium glabrum.

A shrub 2 meters high or sometimes becoming subscandent and
reaching 3 meters or more in length; stems subquadrangular, glabrous
or bifariously and minutely strigose, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, slenderly
acuminate, cuneate at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
hirtellous, the hairs rigid, subappressed or ascending, up to
0.2 mm. long, confined mostly to costa and lateral veins (about
10 pairs), the venation rather prominent; cystoliths minute, up to
0.32 mm. long, some of them punctiform; petioles rather slender,
up to 10 cm. long and 1.25 mm. thick, glabrous beneath, the channels
minutely strigose; panicles terminal and axillary forming large
complex inflorescences up to 30 cm. long and 23 em. broad, leafy,
the ultimate bracts linear, up to 0.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide,
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.08
mm. long; rachis and rachilla hirtellous, the hairs spreading, about
0.08 mm. long; pedicels up to 1.5 cm. long, hirtellous; calyx 6 to 8

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 459

mm. long, sparingly to moderately hirtellous, the hairs spreading,
the acute ones up to 0.16 mm. long, septate, the glandular trichomes
scattered, up to 0.5 mm. long, the calyx segments up to 7 mm. long,
lanceolate, acute, 1.25 mm. wide near base; corolla rather sparingly
pilose (the hairs more or less spreading, ca. 3 mm. long, septate),
orange-red, paler distally, the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, gradually
enlarged to 8 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, narrowly linear,

Ficure 171.—Habracanthus ampelinus Leonard (Grant 9647): a, Tip of panicle; b, portion
of inflorescence about 15 cm. below tip; c, leaf; d, portion of leaf blade (upper surface)
enlarged to show pubescence; ¢, ultimate bracts; f, calyx; g, portion of calyx segment
enlarged to show pubescence. (a, b, Natural size; ¢, half natural size; d, 8 times natural
size; ¢, 34 times natural size; f, 5 times natural size; g, about 40 times natural size.)

16 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, acute at tip, the lower lip spreading,
ovate, conduplicate, 11 mm. long, 12 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed, the
lobes oblong-ovate, about 4 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, obtuse at tip;
stamens exserted 2 cm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous,
the anthers 4.5 mm., long, 1.5 mm. broad, muticous at both ends;
style slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma lobes rounded,
very minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045430, collected in
temperate forest at Salitre, Taguaté Valley, 6 km. west of Gutiérrez

460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

and 45 km. south of Bogoté, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia,
2,715 meters altitude, July 23, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9647).
Isotype: US.

Also of this species is F. R. Fosberg’s No. 20901 (US), collected on
a steep, densely wooded slope, where it was occasional, at Rio del
Nevado, east end of the Cordillera Las Cruces, south of Rfo Arroz
across from El Capitolis, in the Sumapaz region, Intendencia of
Meta, 2,675 meters altitude, August 27, 1943.

The specific epithet alludes to the vinelike nature often attained
by this species.

20. Habracanthus caucensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 172

Suffrutex gracilis, fere procumbens, inflorescentiis erectis, caulibus
subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum parce puberulis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata et cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,
remote strigosis, pilis supra praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus
conspicuis positis, venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis sub lente
conspicuis; petioli parce puberuli; paniculae diffusae terminales et
axillares, ramis furcatis, gracilibus, rhache et rhachillis parce hirtellis;
bracteae ramos panicularum subtendentes ovatae, sessiles, apiculatae;
pedicelli graciles, cystolithis minutis praediti; bracteae flores sub-
tendentes lineares, apice acutae, glabrae vel parce et minute hirtellae;
calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, apice subacuta, trinervata, glabra
vel pilis glanduliferis plus minusve numerosis praedita; corolla ru-
bescens, glabra, anguste infundibuliformis, labio superiore lineari,
apice rotundato, graciliter trinervato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato,
apice trilobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, antheris
linearibus; capsulae clavatae, glabrac; retinacula subacuta, apice
erosa; semina plana, suborbicularia, muricata, basi obliqua.

Slender shrubby plants 1 to 2 meters long, usually procumbent
with erect inflorescences; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the
upper portions very sparingly puberulous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic,
up to 15.5 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), narrowed and cuneate at base, moderately firm, entire or
undulate, remotely strigillose, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, those
of the under surface confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (about
10 pairs), these and the coarsely reticulated veinlets moderately
conspicuous, the cystoliths numerous and rather conspicuous under a
lens; petioles up to 3 cm. long and 1 mm. thick, sparingly puberulous;
flowers borne in diffuse terminal and axillary panicles up to 14 em.
long and about 6 cm. broad, the terminal and axillary panicles often
continuous, the branches of the panicle dichotomously forked, often
with a flower in the fork, slender, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 461

or less spreading, up to 0.3 mm. long; bracts subtending the branches
of the panicle ovate, sessile, 1 cm. long and about 8 mm. wide, apic-
ulate or the lowermost pair much larger, up to 4 cm. long and 1.5 cm.
wide, short-acuminate; bracts subtending the flowers linear, about
3 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, acute at tip, glabrous or minutely
hirtellous; pedicels slender, up to 4 mm. long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. thick,

Ficure 172.—Habracanthus caucensis Leonard (a, Fosberg 19941; b-h, Cuatrecasas 23468):
a, Leaf; b, lowermost node of inflorescence; ¢, tip of inflorescence; d, a pair of bracts
subtending lateral branches near base of panicle; ¢, portion of rachis from upper part
of panicle enlarged to show pubescence; f, calyx segment; g, trichome from calyx; 4h,
corolla. (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d, 1% times natural size; ¢, about 20
times natural size; f, 4 times natural size; g, 150 times natural size; h, 1% times natural
size.)

glabrous with scattered minute cystoliths; calyx segments linear-
lanceolate, 6 to 7 mm. long and 1 mm. wide (the tip acute and blunt-
ish), 3-nerved, glabrous or bearing a few more or less spreading glan-
dular trichomes up to 0.5 mm. long; corolla wine-red, glabrous, the
tube about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm.
above base to 2 mm., thence enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth, the upper

462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip erect, linear, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near base, somewhat narrowed
toward the rounded tip, delicately 3-nerved, the lower lip spreading,
ovate, about 8 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, terminated by 3 rounded
lobes about 0.5 mm. long; stamens glabrous, exserted about 2 cm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers linear, 2.5 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. thick; pistil not seen; capsules clavate, 13 mm. long,
4 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, subacute
and erose; seed flattened, suborbicular, about 2 mm. long and broad,
muricate or pebbled, oblique at base.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950035, collected in
woods at Aguabonita, valley of the Rio San José, Moscopdn Region,
Cordillera Central, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,280 meters
altitude, January 30, 1947, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 23468).

Also of this species is Fosberg’s No. 19941 (US), collected in thick
brushy ground-cover under trees in mossy, ridge-type, wet forests
with deep humus, at the head of Rio Villalobos, southwest of Pitalito,
on the boundary between the Departments of Huila and Cauca,
Colombia, 2,300 meters altitude, February 6, 1943.

21. Habracanthus antipharmacus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 173

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce pilosis,
pilis appressis, inconspicuis, cystolithis parallelis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata vel oblonga-elliptica, subacuta vel breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi sensim angustata in petiolum decurrens,
membranacea, integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, pilis curvatis,
ascendentibus, albidus, septatis, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateral-
ibus prominentibus, cystolithis raris, magnis; petioli glabri vel in canal-
ibus hirtelli, pilis subappressis vel ascendentibus, cystolithis parallelis,
magnis, conspicuis; paniculae terminales, anguste ovoideae, aliquanto
laxae, ramis gracilibus, furcatis, leviter recurvatis, rhachibus dense
pilosis, pilis rectis, patulis, acutis, vitreis, pilis longioribus glandulosis
intermixtis; pedicelli erecti; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta,
puberula et pilosa, pilis brevioribus rigidus, vitreis, acutis vel obtusis,
pilis longioribus aliquanto raris, glandulosis, elongatis intermixtis;
corolla glabra, coccinea, apice aurea, tubo basi angusto, abrupte
dilatato, valide ventricoso, in fauce leviter angustato, labio superiore
anguste obovato, erecto, plus minusve recurvato, obtuso, labio in-
feriore brevi, trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina exserta,
glabra, antheris linearibus, curvatis; capsulae clavatae, subtiliter
pubescentes, pilis gracilibus, ascendentibus, curvatis; retinacula
angusta, basi dilatata, apice subobtusa; semina subnigra, plana,
suborbicularia apice tuberculata.

Subshrubs up to 130 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous
or inconspicuously and sparingly appressed-pilose, the hairs up to

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 463

0.48 mm. long, the cystoliths parallel, up to 0.35 mm. long; leaf
blades oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 7 cm.
wide, subacute or short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), gradually
narrowed to an acute base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire
or undulate, the upper surface sparingly hirsute, the hairs curved,
ascending, up to 0.32 mm. long, whitish, septate, the lower surface

ay 4
Pky y

Ficure 173.—Habracanthus antipharmacus Leonard (Grant 10731): a, Basal portion of
leaf blade; b, tip of same; ¢, portion of the under surface of a leaf blade enlarged to
show cystoliths; d, section of inflorescence (about middle); ¢, calyx (flowering stage),
pedicel and bracts; f, pubescence of rachis; g, a large gland-tipped trichome from
calyx; h, one of the glandular hairs from calyx; 1, corolla; 7, capsule valve; &, portion
of capsule enlarged to show pubescence. (a, b, d, Half natural size; c, about 17 times
natural size; ¢, 1, 144 times natural size; f, about 28 times natural size; g, kh, about 45
times natural size; j, twice natural size; k, about 38 times natural size.)

glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs), prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths scattered but large and nearly
straight, up to 0.27 mm. long; petioles (unwinged portion) up to
6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous or the channels hirtellous,
the hairs ascending or subappressed, the cystoliths large, conspicuous
and parallel; panicles narrowly ovoid, rather lax, up to 30 cm. long

464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

and 11 cm. broad, broadest below middle and gradually narrowed
to tip, the peduncle about 6 cm. long, hirtellous, the lowermost
internode of the inflorescence 2 cm. long, the others successively
smaller towards tip, the branches slightly curved, usually (except
the uppermost) forked, these and the main rachis densely pilose
with straight spreading acute glassy hairs 0.16 mm. long, these inter-
mixed with longer glandular ones up to 0.64 mm. long, the flowers
usually 8 or fewer to a branch, erect, the pedicels up to 38 mm. long, the
pubescence that of the branches; calyx 4 to 7 mm. long, becoming
10 to 12 mm. long at maturity, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, in flower 4 to 6 mm. long, in fruit 11 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide near base, thence gradually narrowed to a slender tip, puberulous
and pilose, the hairs spreading, the small ones ca. 0.07 mm. long,
numerous, rigid, glassy and blunt tipped or acute, the large ones
up to 0.73 mm. long, rather scattered, blackish, gland-tipped; corolla
1.5 to 2 cm. long, glabrous, scarlet with yellow tip, 2 to 2.5 mm.
broad at base, abruptly enlarged at 3 mm. above base to 7 mm.,
thence narrowed to 4 mm. at throat, the upper lip narrowly obovate,
erect, more or less recurved, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 1.25 mm. wide,
obtuse and entire at tip, the lower lip broadly ovate, about 3 mm.
long and 5 mm. wide, the lobes suborbicular, about 2 mm. long and
2.5 mm. wide; stamens exserted 10 to 15 mm. beyond the lips of the
corolla, glabrous, the anthers linear, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad,
slightly curved; capsule clavate, 12 to 13 mm. long, 4 mm. broad,
3 mm. thick, the solid basal stipe about 3 mm. long, finely pubescent,
the hairs slender, curved and ascending; retinacula 3 mm. long, slender
from an enlarged base, the tip subobtuse; seeds 4, flat, blackish,
suborbicular, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, the tip tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium No. 2045439, collected in
subtropical forest on the Sierra Perij4, 6 km. east-northeast of
Manaure, 42 km. east of Valledupar and 7 km. from the Venezuelan
border, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 1,735 meters altitude,
February 1, 1945, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10731). Isotype: US.

Oscar Haught’s No. 4510 (US), collected in “Africa,” Sierra Perijé,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, about 1,500 meters altitude,
December 16, 1944, is also of this species. Haught states in his label
data that his plant was an erect herb up to 1.5 meters high, the flowers
very showy, either all red, or red tipped more or less with bright
yellow (in some plants more than half the corolla yellow), and that
the species was very abundant locally, growing along streams and on
moist slopes.

Habracanthus antipharmacus with its bicolored corollas suggests
at once Lindau’s H. diversicolor. The two species are closely related
but if carefully compared show certain differences. In H. diversicolor

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 465

the leaf blades are rounded above the winged petiole instead of being
gradually narrowed into the petiole wing, and the inflorescence is
denser with the shorter ascending rigid branches, the branches of the
forks widely spreading. In H. antipharmacus the branches are slender,
spreading, recurved, and the branches of the forks are only slightly
spreading and longer and more slender.

Grant tells us that the root is used as a remedy for snake bite,
thus suggesting the specific epithet, av7--, against, and ¢4pyaxov, venom.

22. Habracanthus macrochilus Lindau
Habracanthus macrochilus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 669. 1897. Type col-
lected in the Province of Ocafia, Department of Norte de Santander, Colom-
bia, in woods at 2,700 meters altitude by Schlim (No. 429). Photograph of
type material of the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 8890) in the U. S.
National Herbarium.

Shrubby plants with terete pubescent branches; leaf blades oblong,
pubescent, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide or smaller, the tip promi-
nently acuminate, attenuate at base, the cystoliths striiform; petioles
slender, 5 to 7 mm. long; panicles subdichotomous, terminal, longer
than the leaves or axillary and shorter than the leaves and terminating
the lateral branches, the lateral panicles lax and few-flowered, the
terminal dense; calyx segments 12 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, unequal,
becoming 18 to 19 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at maturity, glandular-
pubescent; corolla purple,’ the tube 14 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base,
and 3 mm. wide at tip, the upper lip 28 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at
base, narrowed to a subobtuse tip, the lower lip 28 mm. long, 10 mm.
wide at middle, 4 mm. wide at tip and 3-toothed, the teeth 1.5 mm.
long, obtuse; filaments 35 mm. long, inserted at tip of corolla tube
and long-exserted; anthers 3.5 mm. long; style 50 mm. long, exserted;
capsule 14 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, glabrous, the solid stipe 5 mm.
long; seeds 4.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.
The specific epithet is from the Greek words paxpés, long, and xetXos,
lip.

Lindau states in his discussion that his new species differs from the
others known in the large lips of the corolla, and the long calyx
segments, which, like the inflorescence, are coarsely pubescent.

23. Habracanthus oresbius Leonard, sp. nov. FicureE 174

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, apice aliquanto dense
puberulis, pilis subbrunneis, appressis, septatis, deorsum glabratis;
hirtellis, pilis subbrunneis, appressis, septatis, deorsum glabratis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuminata (apice ipso subacuto),
basi cuncata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque puberula,

2 According to Lindau’s description, but the original label of Schlim says ‘‘rouge foncée,’’ i. e., dark red.

466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

pilis rigidis, subappressis, septatis, subbrunneis, subtus praecipue in
costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus positis, cystolithis pluribus,
sub lente conspicuis; petioli dense hirsuti, pilis brunneis; paniculae
terminales ovoideo-pyramidatae, densae, ramis panicularum bracteis
foliaceis ovatis acutis vel acuminatis sessilibus suffultis, rhache et
rhachillis dense brunneo-hirtellis, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
pedicellis hirtellis, pilis patulis, conspicue septatis; bracteae flores
subtendentes lanceolatae, acutae, parce ciliolatae et hirtellae, cysto-
lithis conspicuis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, aliquanto parce
hirtella et ciliolata, pilis ascendentibus; corolla rubra, glabra, tubo
anguste infundibuliformi, labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice obtuso
vel rotundato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice rotundato, trilobato.
lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra; stylus exsertus,
glaber; stigma minutum; capsulae clavatae, glabrae, retinaculis rectis
vel leviter curvatis, apice anguste cucullatis, rotundatis, erosis;
semina plana, brunnea, levia vel basi leviter muricata, aliquanto
obliqua.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, the tips rather densely puberulous,
the hairs appressed, brownish, septate, up to 0.25 mm. long, the lower
portions of the stem glabrate; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 19
cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself subacute), narrowed
to a cuneate base, rather firm, entire or undulate, puberulous, the hairs
up to 0.32 mm. long, rigid, subappressed, septate, brownish, those
of the lower surface confined chiefly to costa and veins, these as well as
the coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent on the lower surface, the
cystoliths numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.2 mm. long;
petioles up to 3 cm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, densely hirsute with brownish
hairs; flowers borne in rather dense pyramidal-ovoid terminal panicles,
up to 15 cm. long and 6 cm. broad near the base, the branches of the
inflorescence subtended by leaflike cordate sessile ovate acute or
acminate bracts, the lowermost about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide,
the rachis and rachilla densely brown-hirtellous, the hairs spreading
or ascending, septate; pedicels up to 3 mm. long, densely hirtellous
with conspicuously septate spreading hairs up to 0.65 mm. long;
bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate, up to 9 mm. long and 1 mm.
wide, acute at tip, sparingly ciliolate and hirtellous, the cystoliths
conspicuous; calyx segments lanceolate, up to 13 mm. long, 1.25 mm.
wide near base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, rather sparingly
hirtellous and ciliolate, the hairs about 0.3 mm. long, some of them
glandular; corolla red, glabrous, the tube 13 mm. long, 2.56 mm.
wide just above base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.5 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 3.5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect,
linear, 15 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip, in dry
material coiled and contorted, lower lip spreading, ovate, 6.5 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 467

wide, rounded at tip, terminated by 3 low lobes, these 0.5 mm.
long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones about 1 mm.
wide; stamens exserted 18 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla tube,
glabrous, linear, the anthers 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. thick; style
exserted about 2.5 em. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous,
the stigma minute; capsule clavate, 15 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 2 mm.
thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.25 mm. long, straight or slightly curved,

Ficure 174.—Habracanthus oresbius Leonard (Pennell 7556): a, Leaf; b, panicle; ¢, portion
of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; d, a hair from rachis; ¢, calyx segment (outer
surface); f, upper half of calyx segment showing cystoliths and marginal hairs (inner
surface); g, one of the hairs of the calyx segment; h, corolla; i, seed. (a, Half natural
size; b, natural size; c, 16 times natural size; d, g, 100 times natural size; ¢, f, 3 times
natural size; h, about 14 times natural size; 1, about 4 times natural size.)

narrowly cucullate, the tip rounded and erose; seeds flattish, brown,
orbicular, 3 mm. wide and broad, 1.25 mm. thick, smooth or slightly
muricate, somewhat oblique at base.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in forest at San José, San
Antonio, Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,400 to 2,700 meters
altitude, June 30, 1922, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 7556). Isotypes:

NY, US.

468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Also of this species is Pennell and Killip’s No. 7436 (GH), collected
in a bushy forest in the same locality as the type on June 28, 1922.

The specific epithet is from the Greek word dpécBuos, living on
mountains.

24. Habracanthus corei Leonard, sp. nov. Fraure 175

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystolithis nu-
merosis minutis brunneis praeditis; lamina foliorum late elliptica vel
ovata, apice graciliter sed breviter acuminata, basi rotundata in
petiolum decurrens, tenuis, integra, in pagina superiore aliquanto
pilosa, subtus pilis patulis vel ascendentibus praecipue in costa et
venis aliquanto prominentibus positis, venulis crasse reticulatis,
cystolithis obscuris, brunneis; petioli glabri, cystolithis minutis ob-
scuris praeditis; paniculae longae, aliquanto angustae, sursum densae
et confluentes, inferiores distantes, ramis infimis foliis parvis suffultis,
rhache et rhachillis dense hirtellis, pilis plus minusve patulis; pedicelli
hirtelli; bracteae flores subtendentes lanceolatae, subacutae, ciliolatae,
aliquanto hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, subacuta, ciliolata,
parce et minute hirtella, pilis ascendentibus, apice pilis paucis glan-
dulosis praedita; corolla glabra, anguste infundibuliformis, labio supe-
riore lineari, obscure trinervato, apice rotundata, torto, labio inferiore
patulo, ovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina
exserta, erecta, antheris linearibus, glabris; pistillum glabrum; stigma
minutum.

Shrubs; stems subquandrangular, glabrous, the cystoliths minute,
brownish, parallel; leaf blades broadly elliptical or ovate, up to 14
em. long and 8.5 em. wide, slenderly short-acuminate, short-cuneate
(5 mm. long) from a rounded base, thin, entire, sparingly pilose above,
sparingly pilosulous beneath, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
lateral veins (about 10 pairs), spreading or ascending, up to 0.48 mm.
long, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, these and the costa and lateral
veins rather prominent especially beneath, the cystoliths obscure,
brownish; petioles up to 4 cm. long and 1.75 mm. thick, glabrous, the
cystoliths minute and obscure; flowers ascending, borne in a narrow
rather dense panicle up to 26 cm. long or more and 4 cm. broad, the
lower branches distant, subtended by small ovate short-petioled (5
mm. long) leaves up to 5 em. long and 2.5 cm. wide, but in other re-
spects similar to the main stem leaves; bracts subtending the flowers
8 min. long and 1.25 mm. wide, the tips subacute, ciliolate and moder-
ately hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, the rachis and rachilla
rather densely hirtellous, the hairs more or less spreading, up to 0.46
mm. long; pedicels up to 1 mm. long, hirtellous; calyx segments lance-
olate, 5.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base, subacute, ciliolate and
rather sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long,
ascending, bearing near tip a few gland-tipped spreading trichomes up

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 469

to 0.46 mm. long; corolla glabrous, the tube 18 mm. long, 3 mm. broad
just above base, narrowed at 8 mm. above base to 2 mm., 5 mm. broad
at throat, the upper lip erect, linear, 15 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide,
rounded and entire at tip, obscurely 3-nerved, curled or contorted
when dry, the lower lip spreading, ovate, 11 mm. wide, 3-lobed at
tip, the lobes 1 mm. long, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral]

| . \
an
)

At OA
of ON)
A,
“of
hy

Ficure 175.—Habracanthus corei Leonard (Core 1200): a, Leaf; 8, the lowermost node
of inflorescence; c, tip of inflorescence; d, node of inflorescence to show uppermost
bracts; ¢, node of rachis to show bracts; f, calyx segment; g, trichome from tip of calyx
segment; fh, corolla; i, anther. (a, Half natural size; b, ¢, natural size; d, twice natural
size; e, 244 times natural size; f, i, 5 times natural size; g, 40 times natural size; h, about
1% times natural size.)

ones about 1 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted 2 cm. beyond
mouth of the corolla tube, erect, glabrous; anthers linear, 3.5-4.5 mm.
long, about 1 mm. broad; pistil about as long as the stamens, glabrous,
the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045391, collected in
dense shade along stream on the south slope of Cerro San Pedro,

470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,500 meters altitude, September
10, 1944, by Earl L. Core (No. 1200),

Habracanthus corei differs from the majority of the Colombian
species in its broadly elliptic leaf blades and the very sharply acu-
minate, short-petioled, cordate inflorescence leaves. The color of the
corolla is not apparent in the dried material. It was probably some
shade of red.

25. Habracanthus lamprus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 176

Suffrutex gracilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum glabris,
sursum hirtellis; lamina foliorum ovata, breviter acuminata, basi late
cuneata et in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto membranacea, integra vel
undulata, pilosa et ciliolata, pilis septatis, ascendentibus vel sub-
appressis, costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus, supra
obscuris; petioli aliquanto crassi, pilosi; paniculae terminales et axil-
lares (eae in axillis foliorum parvorum) aliquanto densae, rhache dense
pilosa, pilis patulis, rhachillis et pedicellis gracilibus pubescentibus,
pilis ascendentibus; bracteae ramos inflorescentiae subtendentes con-
spicuae, foliaceae, cordatae, sessiles vel subsessiles ; bracteolae anguste
lanceolatae, apice obtusae, pilosae; calycis segmenta anguste tri-
angularia, acuta, deorsum glabra, apice parce hirtella, pilis minutis
acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis; corolla atrorubens, glabra,
anguste infundibuliformis, labio superiore lineari, apice cincinnato vel
contorto, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, conduplicato, apice rotundato,
3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
linearibus; ovarium glabrum.

Slender erect shrub up to 1 m. high, the stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous near the inflorescence; leaf blades
ovate, up to 11 cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rather
broadly cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately
thin, entire or undulate, rather densely pilose, the hairs up to 1 mm.
long, septate, ascending or subappressed, the margins ciliate, the
costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs) moderately prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths minute, up to 0.128 mm. long,
obscure; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long and 1.25 mm. thick, pilose;
panicles ovoid, up to 16 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, moderately dense,
the several short, axillary panicles only 1 to 2 cm. long; bracts sub-
tending the branches of the panicle conspicuous, leaf-like, cordate,
sessile or subsessile, the lowermost pair up to 4 cm. long and 3 cm.
wide, becoming gradually smaller toward tip of panicle, all short-
acuminate, the pubescence that of the stem leaves, the rachis densely
pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long, the rachilla and pedicels
(up to 5 mm. long and 0.28 mm. thick) pubescent with ascending
hairs up to 0.16 mm. long or occasionally a few of them longer; bracts

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III A471

subtending the flowers, narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 3 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide, blunt at tip, pilose; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous below,
sparingly hirtellous toward tip, the small acute hairs intermixed with
gland-tipped trichomes about 0.5 mm. long, the segments narrowly
triangular, 1.25 mm. wide at base, acute; corolla dark red, glabrous,
1.5 cm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm.
above base to 2 mm., the throat 2.5 to 4 mm. broad, the upper lip

'
. iy)
toy
\,

é

Ficure 176.—Habracanthus lamprus Leonard (Haught 6031): a, Tip of plant showing
panicle and leaf; b, portion of rachilla enlarged to show pubescence; ¢, calyx; d, tip of
calyx segment enlarged to show hairs and glandular trichomes; ¢, corolla; f, anther,
(a, Half natural size; b, d, 20 times natural size; ¢, 514 times natural size; ¢, 2% times
natural size; f, 544 times natural size.)

linear, 12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the upper part curled and contorted,
the tip itself rounded, the lower lip spreading, oval, 10 mm. long, 8
mm. wide, conduplicate, the tip rounded, 3-lobed, the lobes low, 0.75
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 12 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers linear, 4.5 mm.
long, 1.25 mm. thick; style exserted about 2 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995096, collected
along the highway between San Cayetano and Pacho, Department
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,800 meters altitude, August 2, 1947,
by Oscar Haught (No. 6031).

Haught states that the flowers were a very dark red and very showy.
The specific name is from the Greek Aapympés, bright, radiant, in allu-
sion to its attractive flowers.

26. Habracanthus congestus Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 177

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris, cystolithis
subpunctiformibus; lamina foliorum magna, ovata vel obovata,
apice breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, integra vel undulata, aliquanto
firma, utrinque conspicue pilosa, pilis ascendentibus, costa et venis
lateralibus aliquanto conspicuis, cystolithis obscuris vel nullis ; panicula
terminalis, densa, apice subacuta, paniculae axillares minores, rhache
parce hirtella, pilis ascendentibus vel patulis, rhachillis aliquanto
dense hirtellis, pilis subbrunneis, septatis; bracteae ramos panicularum
subtendentes suborbiculares, apiculatae, sessiles; bracteac ultimae
lineari-lanceolatae, subacutae, parce hirtellae ; calycis segmenta
lanceolata, graciliter 3-vel d-nervata, subacuta, apice parce hirtella,
pilis rigidis acutis, ascendentibus, pilis glanduliferis intermixtis; corolla
rubra, parva, glabra, labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice subobtuso,
curvato vel cincinnato, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, conduplicato,
apice 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta, glabra;
ovarium glabrum.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 2.5 meters high, stems subterete,
glabrous, the cystoliths subpunctiform; leaf blades ovate or obovate,
up to 20 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate at tip (?), cuneate
at base, entire or undulate, moderately firm, rather densely and
conspicuously pilose, the hairs ascending, about 1 mm. long, the costa
and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately conspicuous, the cysto-
liths inconspicuous or absent; terminal panicle narrow, dense, 17
cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad, subacute at tip, the axillary panicles 1
or more pairs, 8 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, the rachises sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs ascending or spreading, about 0.28 mm. long, the
rachilla rather densely hirtellous with light brownish septate ascending
hairs about 0.08 mm. long, the bracts subtending the branches of the
inflorescence suborbicular and apiculate, sessile, the lowermost pair
about 10 mm. long and 16 mm. wide, the others successively smaller
toward the tip of the inflorescence, the ultimate bracts linear-lance-
olate, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, subacute, sparingly hirtellous;
calyx segments lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, sub-
acute, delicately 3- to 5-nerved, sparingly hirtellous with rigid acute
ascending hairs ca. 0.1 mm. long and intermixed with these a few
gland-tipped trichomes up to about 0.5 mm. long; corolla red, about

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 473

14 mm. long, glabrous, the upper lip erect, about 8 mm. long, and
1 mm. wide, subobtuse, curled at tip, the lower lip spreading, about
10 mm. long, ovate, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, about 2 mm.
long, rounded; stamens exserted 10 mm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long, 1 mm. thick; style
slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous;
capsules not seen.

Ficure 177.—Habracanthus congestus Leonard (von Sneidern 2646): a, Upper half of panicle;
b, lowermost part of panicle; c, leaf blade; d, portion of leaf blade enlarged to show
pubescence; ¢, calyx; f, portion from near tip of calyx segment enlarged to show pubes-
cence. (a, Half natural size; b, ¢, natural size; d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 6 times natural
size; f, 40 times natural size.)

Type in the Stockholm Herbarium, collected in virgin forests of
La Plata, Department of Huila, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude,
March 25, 1939, by Kjell von Sneidern (No. 2646).

Characters making Habracanthus congestus easy to separate from
other Colombian species are its narrow congested panicle, small red
flowers, and large ovate or obovate hairy leaf blades. The specific
name congestus alludes to the narrow dense panicles.

388179—57——11

474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

27. Habracanthus diversicolor Lindau

Habracanthus diversicolor Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 669. 1897. Syntypes:
Agua Obispo, Province of Truxillo, Venezuela, altitude 2,300 meters, Funck
& Schlim (No. 791) (photograph in the U. 8. National Herbarium, Field
Mus. No. 8888). Province of Ocafia, Department of Norte de Santander,
Colombia, altitude 2,300 meters, Schlim 458; La Baja, Province of Pam-
plona, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 3,000 meters altitude,
Funck & Schlim 1309.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high; stems sub-
quadrangular, glabrous or bifariously puberulent, the hairs retrorsely
recurved, 0.16 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 20 cm. long and 8.5
cm. wide, slenderly acuminate, the rounded base decurrent on the
petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface nitid,
sparingly hirsute, the hairs septate, ascending, up to 0.4 mm. long,
those of the lower surface smaller and confined mostly to costa and
lateral veins (about 10 pairs), the cystoliths prominent under a lens;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 4.5 cm. long, glabrous or the chan-
nels sparingly hirsute; panicle terminal, slenderly pyramidal, up to
40 cm. long or more and 9 cm. broad, the branches rigid, numerous,
dichotomously or cincinnally branched, the flowers few and often erect,
the rachises densely pubescent with spreading hairs, eglandular ones
up to 0.3 mm. long and others up to 0.4 mm. long and tipped with
elongated glands intermixed, the lower branches of the panicle sub-
tended by large cordate-ovate subsessile leaflike bracts (2 to 8 em.
long and 1 to 6 cm. wide), the other branches subtended by small
subulate bracts about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, carinate
and rather densely pubescent; pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long, densely pu-
bescent with spreading hairs; calyx segments linear, 6 to 12 mm. long,
1 to 1.25 mm. wide, acute or subacute, densely pubescent with spread-
ing glandular and eglandular hairs intermixed, the glandular ones
longer than the eglandular ones (up to 0.25 mm. long); corolla red
with yellow tinge (Killip & Smith), glabrous, the tube 10 to 15 mm.
long, slightly subventricose, 2.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed to
2mm. at 2.6 mm. above the base, 5.5 to 6 mm. broad at middle, and
3 to 4 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip linear, 3.5 mm. long, about
1.5 mm. wide, entire, the lower lip of 3 lobes, the middle lobe 1.5 mm.
long and broad, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; stamens
exserted, the filaments up to 28 mm. long, glabrous above, sparingly
and finely pubescent toward base, the anthers 2 to 4 mm. long, curved;
style up to 30 mm. long; capsules clavate, 13 to 14 mm. long, 3
to 4 mm. broad, 2 mm. thick, glabrous, the solid stipe 5 mm. long;
retinacula 2.5 mm. long, rounded at tip and slightly erose; seeds 4,
lenticular, suborbicular, about 2.5 mm. long and broad, 0.75 mm.
thick, black, minutely and obscurely tuberculate.

Norte DE SANTANDER: Woods along stream near Tapatd, Culagé Valley,
1,500 to 2,100 meters, March 3-8, 1927, Killip & Smith 20157 (US).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 475

28. Habracanthus pennellii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 178

Herba, caulibus sursum subquadrangularibus, aliquanto parce
bifariam hirtellis, pilis plus minusve patulis, deorsum subteretibus et
glabratis, cystolithis paucis, minutis; lamina foliorum ovata, apice
subobtusa vel breviter apiculata (apice ipso obtuso et plus minusve
apiculato) basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata,
utrinque plus minusve dense hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, septatis,

Ficure 178.—Habracanthus pennellii Leonard (Pennell 10414): a, Section of the middle portion
of a terminal panicle; b, tip of inflorescence; ¢, leaf; d, node of inflorescence to show bracts;
e, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; f, tip of a calyx segment enlarged to
show trichomes; g, tip of a trichome; h, corolla. (a-c, Natural size; d, 5 times natural
size; ¢, about 16 times natural size; f, 3 times natural size; g, about 150 times natural
size; h, 244 times natural size.)

subtus praecipue in costa et venis lateralibus conspicuis positis; petioli
graciles, hirtelli; paniculae terminales et axillares inferiores subtiles,
interruptae, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, foliis parvis cordatis, acutis,
sessilibus suffultis, rhache et rhachillis dense brunneo-hirtellis, pilis
plus minusve patulis, septatis, pedicellis gracilibus, puberulis; bracteae
flores subtendentes lineares, subobtusae, parce hirtellae; calycis seg-
menta lineari-lanceolata subito acuta, parce puberula, pilis parvis

476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

acutis paucis pilis glandulosis intermixtis; corolla rubra, glabra, tubo
angusto, labio superiore lineari, erecto, apice obtuso, labio inferiore
plus minusve patulo, apice 3-lobato; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris
linearibus; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina brunnea (matura),
suborbicularia, plana, basi obliqua.

Herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems subterete and glabrate
below, subquadrangular and rather sparingly hirtellous in two lines
toward tip, the hairs mostly spreading, septate, ca. 0.4 mm. long, the
cystoliths few, minute; leaf blades ovate, up to 5 em. long and 2.8 cm.
wide, subobtuse or short-apiculate, narrowed at base, moderately
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces more or less hirsute, the hairs
ascending, mostly up to 0.6 mm. long, septate, those of the lower
surface confined mostly to the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs),
the venation not noticeably conspicuous but more so beneath than
above; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long and 0.75 mm. thick,
hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the leaf blades; branches of the
panicle 1 to 4 at each node, terminal and axillary, scattered for some
distance along the stems forming long interrupted panicles, the
terminal portion ovoid, up to 15 cm. long and 7 cm. broad, the upper
branches of the panicles subtended by ovate-cordate leaflike bracts
up to 12 mm. long and 9 mm. wide, these sessile, acuminate and acute
at tip, the margins undulate, the surfaces sparingly hirtellous, the
rachis and rachilla densely brown-hirtellous, the hairs more or less
ascending, septate, up to 0.4 mm. long, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long
and 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide, the ultimate internodes of the branches of
the inflorescence puberulous, the hairs up to 0.1 mm. long, the bracts
subtending the flowers and ultimate forks linear, 1 to 2 mm. long,
0.25 mm. wide, subobtuse, sparingly hirtellous; calyx segments linear-
lanceolate, up to 7 mm. long, and 1 mm. wide, abruptly acute, spar-
ingly puberulous, some of them bearing in addition to the minute
acute hairs several conspicuously longer glandular ones (up to 0.5
mm. long); corolla “lake-red,” glabrous, 12 mm. long, the tube 2 mm.
broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence
cylindrical or nearly so to tip, the upper lip erect, linear, about 4 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the lower lip ovate, more or less
spreading, 3-lobed at tip; stamens exserted 4 mm. beyond mouth of
corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers linear, 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide; capsules clavate, about 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad and 1.5 mm.
thick, glabrous; retinacula 2.5 mm. long, obtuse and erose at the rather
narrow obtuse tip; seed whitish and strongly muricate, becoming
brown and more or less smooth at maturity, then suborbicular, flat-
tened, slightly oblique at base, 2.5 mm. long and broad, 0.5 mm. thick.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected along stream in forest, Rio

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III A477

San Raphael, below Cerro Tatam4, Department of Caldas, Colombia,
2,500 to 2,800 meters altitude, September 7-11, 1922, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 10414).

Habracanthus pennellir is closely related to and resembles in many
respects H. scolnikae from the Department of Antioquia. In H.
pennellit the calyx lobes, although they bear scattered glandular
trichomes like H. scolnikae, are linear and abruptly acute instead of
being gradually narrowed from the base to a slender tip. The leaf
blades of H. scolnikae, although small and ovate like those of H.
pennellii, are acutely acuminate instead of subobtuse or bluntly short-
acuminate. The corollas also are different in the two species: H.
scolnikae has sulphur-yellow corollas reaching 15 mm. in length, where-
as those of H. pennellii are lake-red and not over 12 mm.long. Both
species are rank herbs with relatively thick tumid stems.

Only the uppermost leaves are represented by the type material
of H. pennellii. The lower stem leaves might possibly be much
larger than the dimensions given in the description.

29. Habracanthus microcalyx Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 179

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum parce
et bifariam puberulis, pilis recurvatis et subappressis; folia caulina
ignota; lamina foliorum panicularum aliquanto parva, ovata, breviter
acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra, glabra vel parce
hirtella, pilis rigidis; petioli graciles, parce et minute hirtelli, cysto-
lithis minutis et aliquanto inconspicuis; paniculae terminales et
axillares, densae, multi-ramosae, ramis glabris vel parce puberulis,
pilis recurvatis, cystolithis sub lente aliquanto conspicuis; pedicelli
eraciles, puberuli, pilis patulis vel recurvatis, septatis; calycis seg-
merta subulata, apice recurvata, pilis paucis, acutis et pilis glandu-
losis longioribus intermixtis praedita; corolla rubra (?), glabra,
tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-
elliptico, apice subobtuso, labio inferiore patulo, ovato, apice trun-
cato, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina ignota; ovarium
glabrum.

Herbs; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the upper portions
sparingly and bifariously puberulous, the hairs up to 0.1 mm. long,
recurved and subapressed; stem leaves not seen, those of the panicles
narrowly ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
cuneate at base, moderately firm, entire, glabrous or sparingly hir-
tellous, the hairs rigid, up to 0.1 mm. long; petioles slender, about
0.5 mm. long, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the cystoliths
minute and rather inconspicuous; panicles dense, much branched,
terminal and axillary, occurring for some distance along the stems,
the internodes 5 to 12 cm. long, the branches of the panicles dicho-

478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

tomous, 3 to 8 cm. long, slender, 1 to 0.25 mm. thick, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous, the hairs up to 0.13 mm. long, recurved, the
cystoliths rather conspicuous under a lens; pedicels up to 2 mm. long,
0.25 mm. thick, rather densely puberulous with spreading or recurved
septate hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; calyx up to 8 mm. long, glabrous
or bearing on the margins and tips of the segments a few gland-
tipped trichomes up to 0.32 mm. long intermixed with minute rigid
acute hairs about 0.08 mm. long, the segments subulate, 1 mm.

AT RSS
- — ‘
so 3 aD _\ (
—< wy 1 x | 6 ~

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RY ~ . dp
\, \! |

Mi

i

Figure 179.—Habracanthus microcalyx Leonard (Ariste-Joseph A 224): a, Node showing
axillary panicle; , leaf from inflorescence; ¢, calyx; d, tip of calyx segment enlarged to
show hairs; ¢, corolla. (a, b, Natural size; c, about 3 times natural size; d, 40 times
natural size; ¢, 244 times natural size.)

wide at base, gradually narrowed into a slender recurving tip; corolla
17 mm. long, red (?), glabrous, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, nar-
rowed to 1 mm. at 2 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to
3 mm. at mouth, the upper lip oblong-elliptic, erect, 8 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide, subobtuse and entire at tip, the lower lip spreading,
ovate, 9 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, truncate and 3-lobed at tip, the lobes
1 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, rounded; stamens not seen; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 888432, collected at
Bogoté, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1911, by Bro.
Ariste-Joseph (No. A224).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 479

30. Habracanthus hylobius Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 180

Herba ramis elongatis, caulibus subquadrangularibus, deorsum
glabris, sursum plus minusve puberulis, pilis curvatis ; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovato vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata vel acuta,
basi cuneata, plus minusve firma, integra vel obscure et leviter
undulata, utrinque parce puberula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis
lateralibus positis, venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis parvis sed
multis et sub lente conspicuis; petioli aliquanto puberuli; paniculae
terminales et axillares, ramis furcatis, floribus plus minusve
secundis, rhache et rachillis aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis patulis
vel recurvatis, septatis, pedicellis erectis vel ascendentibus, hirtellis,
ramis infimis foliis parvis suffultis; bracteae subulatae, acutae, parce
hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, apice gracilia (apice ipso
subobtuso), minute et parce hirtella, pilis acutis parvis septatis
patulis vel ascendentibus et pilis glandulosis paucis longioribus
intermixtis; corolla punicea, glabra, tubo anguste infundibuliformi,
labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice recurvato, subacuto, labio in-
feriore patulo, ovato, apice rotundato, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, brevi-
bus, obtusis; stamina exserta, glabra, antheris oblongis, utrinque
muticis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; retinacula fere recta, minute et
graciliter striata, apice subacuta, obscure lacerata; semina plana,
suborbicularia, albida (immatura), brunnea (matura), levia, margini-
bus muricatis.

Herbs up to 1 meter high, the branches elongate; stems subquad-
rangular, glabrous below, more or less puberulous toward tip, the hairs
curved, up to 0.11 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate or oblong-
elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute at
base, rather firm, entire or obscurely undulate, both surfaces rather
sparingly puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins (usually about 12 pairs), the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, sub-
appressed, the venation rather prominent especially on the lower
surface of the blades, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths
minute but conspicuous under a lens; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, sparingly
puberulous; panicles terminal and axillary, the axillary ones borne for
a considerable distance down the stems, the dense terminal part of the
inflorescence ovoid-pyramidal, up to 22 cm. long and 12 cm. broad, the
flowers more or less secund on the forked branches of the inflorescence,
often with a flower in the fork, the rachis and rachilla rather densely
hirtellous, the hairs spreading or recurved, up to 0.11 mm. long, sep-
tate, the pedicels erect or ascending, usually 1 to 3 mm. long, hirtel-
lous, the hairs similar to those of the rachilla, the main nodes of the
inflorescence bearing small leaves, the ultimate nodes producing
subulate bracts up to about 6 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, gradually
narrowed from base into a slender tip, sparingly hirtellous; fully

480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

developed calyces 10 to 12 mm. long, minutely and sparingly hirtel-
lous, the acute hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, spreading or ascending,
septate, these intermixed with spreading gland-tipped trichomes up to
0.25 mm. long, the segments of the calyx 9 to 10 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed into a rather bluntish tip; corollas

Ficure 180.—Habracanthus hylobius Leonard (von Sneidern 647): a, Leaf; b, branch of
inflorescence from near the base of the terminal panicle; c, tip of same; d, one of the
ultimate nodes of the panicle showing bracts; e, portion of a rachilla enlarged to show
pubescence; f, calyx; g, portion of calyx segment from near its tip, enlarged to show
pubescence; h, corolla; 7, tip of the upper lip of corolla; j, lower lip of same; k, anther.
(a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size; d, f, i, j, 3 times natural size; ¢, 32 times natural
size; g, 40 times natural size; h, twice natural size; &, 6 times natural size.)

bright red, glabrous, 20 to 25 mm. long, 3 mm. broad at base, en-
larged to 3.5 mm. at just above base, then again slightly narrowed and
then gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at the mouth of corolla tube, the
upper lip erect, linear, 12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, subcarinate,
the tip more or less recurved and curled, subacute, the lower lip
spreading, ovate, 12 mm. long, 7.5 mm. wide, rounded and 3-lobed

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 481

at tip, the lobes 1 mm. long and broad, obtuse; stamens exserted about
15 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers oblong,
4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, rounded at both ends; style slightly
exceeding the stamens, glabrous, the stigma minute; capsules clavate,
12 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, 2.5 mm. thick; retinacula 2 mm. long,
minutely and delicately striate, nearly straight, the upper portion
oblong, the tip subacute, obscurely lacerate; seed suborbicular,
flattish, about 2 mm. in diameter and 0.5 mm. thick, whitish, becom-
ing brown at maturity, more or less muricate, becoming smooth at
maturity except at margins.

Type in the herbarium of the Riksmuseet, Stockholm, collected in
virgin forest at Munchique, near the village of El Tambo, Depart-
ment of Cauca, Colombia, 2,500 meters altitude, April 26, 1936, by
Kjell von Sneidern (No. 647).

The following are paratypes:

Cauca: Virgin forests at La Costa, near the village of El Tambo, 1,800 meters
altitude, March 7, 1935, von Sneidern 491 (S); 900 meters altitude, March 19, 1936,
von Sneidern 621 (S); 1,600 meters altitude, May 28, 1936, von Snetdern 703 (8).
Western bank of the Rio Munchique, Cordillera Occidental, 2,400 meters altitude,
July 23, 1948, H. Garcia-Barriga, J. G. Hawkes & M. Villarreal, 12945 (US).
Cerro de Munchique, Cordillera Occidental, above the Rio Tambito, 2,000 to 2,500
meters altitude, July 16, 1939, H. Pérez-Arbeldez & J. Cuatrecasas 6260 (Col).

CuNDINAMARCA: Wet forested hillside, along the road from Bogoté to Fusaga-
sugd4, near San Miguel, eastern Cordillera, April 30, 1944, EB. P. Killip 38086 (US).
Salto de Tequendama, 2,800 meters altitude, July 1855, Triana s.n. (Col).

Huiua: Virgin forest at La Plata, 2,600 meters altitude, March 14, 1939,
Kjell von Snetdern 2645 (8).

Touma: Aguadita, January 27, 1938, Bro. Laureano Javier 17 (US). Quindio,
2,300 meters altitude, February 1852, Trianas.n. (Col).

Without DEFINITE LOCALITY: J. Trianas.n. (NY). Mutts 1508 (US).

The specific epithet is from the Greek t\dfios, living in the woods.
31. Habracanthus scolnikae Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 181

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, parce hirtellis, pilis retrorse
appressis vel interdum paulo patentibus, deorsum glabratis, nodis
tumidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata,
basi rotundata vel obtusa vel acuta in petiolum decurrens, utrinque
inconspicue puberula, pilis subappressis vel subpatentibus, costa et
venis lateralibus aliquanto conspicuis, cystolithis minutis, paucis, incon-
spicuis; petioli graciles, strigosi; paniculae terminales et axillares,
tenues, ramis 1- vel 2-furcatis, foliis parvis sessilibus, cordatis suffultis,
rhachibus et pedicellis gracillimis, parce vel aliquanto hirtellis, pilis
ascendentibus, septatis; bracteae parvae, subulatae, minute ciliatae;
calycis segmenta anguste triangularia, acuminata (apice ipso sub-
obtusa), parce et minute hirtella, apice aliquando pilis minutis paucis
glandulosis praedita, glandulis brunneis, elongatis; corolla sulphurea,

482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

glabra, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore lineari, apice rotundata,
labio inferiore suborbiculari, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, glabra, antheris linearibus, utrinque muticis; stigma
minutum; capsulae clavatae, glabrae; semina subbrunnea, muricata.

Suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular
(the angles rounded), sparingly puberulous, the hairs closely and re-

Ficure 181.—Habracanthus scolnikae Leonard (Scolnik, Barva-Lopez€9 Barkley 19 An. 199):
a, Tip of plant to show inflorescence; b, a lower node to show tumescence and small
lateral panicles; c, cross-section of stem near node to show pith area; d, calyx; ¢, portion
of pedicel enlarged to show pubescence; f, a trichome from near tip of calyx segment;
& portion of marginal region of calyx segment enlarged to show ciliation; h, corolla;
1, anther; j, retinaculum; &, capsule valve. (a, Natural size; b, c, h, twice natural size;
d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 50 times natural size; f, g, 30 times natural size; 7, 344 times
natural size; 7, 54 times natural size; &, 144 times natural size.)

trorsely appressed, or a few somewhat spreading, up to 0.13 mm.
long, the lower portion of the stems 9 mm. in diameter or more,
glabrate, the nodes swollen, the internodes 10 cm. long, the pith white
and about 7 mm. in diameter; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
up to 7 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rounded, obtuse
or acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, thin, entire, both sur-
faces inconspicuously puberulous, the hairs subappressed or spreading,

LEONARD—-THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 483

up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa, lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) and the
coarsely reticulate veinlets moderately conspicuous, the cystoliths
minute, sparse, inconspicuous, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles slender,
the unwinged portion up to 2 cm. long, strigose; flowers borne in small
delicate terminal and axillary racemes 3 to 8 cm. long and 2 to 4.5 cm.
broad, the peduncles 0.5 to 5 cm. long, sparingly and inconspicuously
hirtellous, the branches of the panicle once or twice forked (sometimes
with a flower in the first fork) and subtended by subsessile cordate
acuminate recurved leaves 0.5 to 4 cm. long and 0.3 to 2 cm. wide, the
pedicels and secondary branches of the panicle subtended by subulate
bracts 2 to 5 mm. long and about 0.5 mm. wide, acute, minutely
ciliate and sparingly hirtellous or glabrate, the lowermost internodes
about 12 mm. long, the others successively shorter, the pedicels 1 to 4
mm. long, both the pedicels (0.24 mm. thick) and branches very
slender, sparingly to moderately hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to
0.16 mm. long, septate; calyx segments narrowly triangular, 5 to 8
mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
bluntish tip, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
the segments sometimes bearing at or near the tips a few long (0.4
mm.) hairs tipped by conical elongated brownish glands; corolla
sulphur yellow, glabrous, reaching 15 mm. in length, the tube 3 mm.
broad at base, enlarged at 2 mm. above base to 3.5 mm., thence
narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 2.5 mm., from there gradually
enlarged to 3.5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip linear, 7 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide (flower young), rounded at tip, the lower lip suborbicular, 5
mm. long and 4 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, and
0.75 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 7 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm.
broad, rounded at both ends; style slightly exceeding the stamens,
glabrous, the stigma minute; capsules clavate, glabrous, 15 mm. long,
4 mm. wide, 3 mm. thick; retinacula 2 mm. long, linear-cucullate at
tip, inconspicuously erose; seed light brownish (immature), 2 mm. long
and broad, strongly muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995126, collected in a
damp woods on a pdéramo 10 km. east of Sons6n, Department of
Antioquia, Colombia, 2,700 meters altitude, March 18, 1949, by Rosa
Scolnik, Nemesio Barva Lépez, and Fred A. Barkley (No. 19An.199).

Garcia-Barriga’s No. 4857, collected at Yanaca, Maripi, Depart-
ment of Antioquia, July 22, 1936, may also be of this species.

The relatively small thin leaf blades, numerous small delicate
panicles of sulphur yellow flowers, and all the main branches of the
panicles being subtended by small, sessile, cordate, pointed leaves are
characters marking Habracanthus scolnikae.

484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

34. HANSTEINIA Oerst.

Hansteinia Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd, 1854: 142. 1854. Named
for Dr. Johannes Hanstein. Type species: Hansteinia gracilis Oerst. Type
collected by Oersted in Costa Rica.

Galeottia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 311. 1847. Based on a single species, G.
gracilis Nees, from Veracruz, México.

Glockeria Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847. A renaming of Galeoitia Nees, non
Rupr. (1842), non A. Rich. (1845); non Glockeria Goeppert, Nov. Act. Acad.
Caes. Leop. 17: 379, pl. 39, figs. 2,3. 1836.

Herbaceous or shrubby plants; flowers borne usually in terminal
and axillary loose thyrsiform panicles; bracts small and subulate,
calyx segments 5, narrow, equal; corollas red or yellow, tubular,
narrow, usually constricted just above the ovary, thence abruptly
and somewhat obliquely enlarged and oblong, often slightly constricted
again at mouth, the upper lip erect, entire, the lower scarcely distinct
from the corolla tube, 3-lobed; stamens 2, attached at tip of corolla
tube, exserted, the anthers 1-celled, obtuse; capsules glabrous,
clavate 4-seeded, the lower half stipiform and solid; seed compressed,
lenticular, roughened.

Four species have been described in this genus, one from Bolivia
and three from México and Central America.

1. Hansteinia charitopes Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 182

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, cystolithis in-
conspicuis; lamina foliorum oblongo-lanceolata, aliquanto graciliter
acuminata, basi cuneata, aliquanto tenuis, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra vel supra in costa inconspicue strigosa, venis subtus
prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis sub lente conspicuis;
paniculae longae, angustae, laxae; bracteae ultimae parvae, tri-
angulari-subulatae, inferiores foliaceae; rhachis et rhachillae glabrae,
cystolithis minutis sed sub lente conspicuis; pedicelli graciles,
glabri, cystolithis minutis conspicuis; calyx parvus, segmentis
lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, glabris vel apice pilis paucos minutis
gerentibus, cystolithis minutis sub lente conspicuis; corolla rubra,
apice subpurpurea, glabra, tubo basi angusto, supra abrupte dilatato,
labiis erectis, subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato, rotundato, labio
inferiore trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina
inclusa, glabra, antheris utrinque muticus; stylus leviter exsertus;
stigma minutum; ovarium glabrum.

Erect herbs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous,
the cystoliths inconspicuous, up to 0.112 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, rather slenderly
acuminate at tip, cuneate at base, rather thin, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa of the upper surface inconspicuously
strigose, the costa and lateral veins and veinlets conspicuous beneath,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 485

obscure above, the cystoliths up to 0.08 mm. long, conspicuous under a
lens; flowers borne in a long narrow lax panicle, the small triangular-
subulate bracts (3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base) gradually inter-
grading into the stem leaves; rachis and rachilla glabrous, bearing
minute cystoliths, these conspicuous under a lens; ultimate bracts
subulate or linear-subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide, the
cystoliths minute but conspicuous; pedicels slender, up to 15 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. thick, glabrous and bearing minute cystoliths;
calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous except a few minute acute hairs at tips

Ficure 182.—Hansteinia charitopes Leonard (Fosberg 19791): a, Upper half of panicle;
b, lower node of panicle; ¢, leaf blade; d, bracts; ¢, calyx; f, anther; g, corolla. (a, d,
Natural size; c, half natural size; d, 5 times natural size; ¢, 6 times natural size; f,
7 times natural size; g, 144 times natural size.)

of the segments, these linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide at base, acute, bearing numerous minute cystoliths (0.032 to
0.08 mm. long) conspicuous under a lens; corolla 2 cm. long, red,
purplish toward tip (Fosberg), glabrous, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at
base, at 3 mm. above base abruptly enlarged to 8 mm., 6 mm. broad
at throat, the lips erect, subequal, 3.5 mm. long, the upper lip ovate,
2.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 2 mm. long
and broad, obtuse; stamens reaching the tips of the corolla lips,
glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, muticous; style

486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

slightly exserted, the stigma minute; ovary glabrous; capsules not
seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045407, collected on
a steep slope in a wet forest at the headwaters of the Rio Fortalecillas,
just below Paso de Las Cruces, 39 km. east of Neiva, Department of
Huila, Colombia, 2,300 meters altitude, January 19, 1943, by F. R.
Fosberg (No. 19791). Isotype: US.

The specific epithet is from the Greek xapird&rns, meaning graceful.

35. STENOSTEPHANUS Nees

Stenostephanus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 91. 1847. Zrevés, narrow, and arépavos,
crown or wreath, alluding possibly to the narrow thyrsoid panicle. Type
species: Stenostephanus lobeliaeformis Nees. Type collected in damp woods
of Serra dos Orgiios, Brazil, by Khotzky.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually thin, ovate, oblong or oblong-
obovate; flowers red, yellow or pink, borne in a narrow terminal thyr-
soid panicle; bracts subtending the flowers small; calyx 5-parted, the
segments linear, equal; corolla contracted at base into a short narrow
portion, upwardly abruptly enlarged and ventricose, narrowed slightly
in throat, the limb bilabiate, the lips short, the upper narrow, entire, the
lower lip shortly 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, obtuse or rounded; stamens
2; staminodes sometimes present; anthers 1-celled; style filiform,
about as long as the stamens, the stigma minute; capsules clavate,
the lower half stipiform, solid and sterile, the upper half more or less
compressed, 4-seeded, the seed orbicular, flattened, usually verrucose.

Six species have been described, all from South America. <A close
relationship exists between Stenostephanus, Hansteinia, and Hab-
racanthus. All have tubular corollas, with a narrow basal portion, the
tube expanding abruptly and becoming subventricose, usually slightly
narrowed in the throat, and the limb bilabiate, with the posterior
lip erect and the lower more or less spreading and ending in 3 rounded
lobes. In Habracanthus the lips are long, the upper narrowly linear
and often curled or contorted in dried specimens, the lower cuneiform
and flat. The panicles in this genus vary from loose and few-flowered
to dense and many-flowered. In Hansteinia and Stenostephanus the
corollas are of the same general plan but the tubes are relatively
shorter and broader and more ventricose and the lips are very short,
scarcely more than lobes extending from the rim of the corolla tube.
The two last genera are most easily distinguished by the inflorescences,
which are lax in Hansteinia and dense and narrow in Stenostephanus.

1. Stenostephanus puberulus Lindau

Stenostephanus puberulus Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 670. 1897. Syntypes:
Collected near La Baja, vicinity of Pamplona, Department of Norte de San-
tander, 2,800 meters altitude, by Funck & Schlim (No. 1309), photograph

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 487

(US) of specimen in Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 8885), and in woods,
Province of Ocafia, Norte de Santander, 1,700 to 1,900 meters altitude, by
Schlim (No. 1094).

Branching shrubs, the stems subtetragonal, glabrous; leaf blades
ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long and 3 to 10 cm. wide, long-acuminate, grad-
ually narrowed and decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, the cystoliths
conspicuous; petioles 1 to 5 cm. long, glabrous; panicles terminal,
thyrsiform, puberulous; bracts and bractlets filiform, 2 to 4 mm.
long; flowers borne on pedicels; calyx segments lanceolate, 12 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, the outer surface cano-pubescent; corolla yellow
or rosy, the tube pilose, 13 mm. long, the base 3 mm. broad, at 3 mm.
above base abruptly enlarged to 7.5 mm. and ventricose, narrowed
at throat to 5 mm.; upper lip liguliform, entire, the lower lip 3-lobed,
the lobes 5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide; filaments exserted, 12 mm.
long, affixed to the base of the corolla tube; anthers 4 mm. long;
ovary 2.5 mm. long; style 25 mm. long; capsule unknown.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

Tribe 13. JUSTICIEAB

Justicieae Benth. & Hooker, Gen. Plant. 2: 1062. 1876, emend. Lindau, Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 18: 48. 1893; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV, 3b: 287.
1895.

This tribe is characterized by “Knétchenpollen” (the usual ribs
replaced by 1 or 3 rows of small tubercles) and 2-stamened flowers.

Shrubs or herbs; flowers variously disposed; bracts imbricate or
distant; bractlets often small; calyx 4- or 5-parted, rarely 2-lipped;
stamens 2; anthers 2- or 1-lobed, the lobes superposed, the connective
often more or less broad and oblique, spurred, apiculate or muticous;
capsules 4-seeded. ‘The Colombian genera represented are:

36. Justicia

37. Pelecostemon
38. Jacobinia

39. Chaetochlamys
40. Chaetothylax

36. JUSTICIA Houst. ex L.

Justicia Houst. ex L. Sp. Pl. 15. 1753; Gen. Pl. 10. 1754. The genus is named
for James Justice, a Scotch horticulturist and botanist of the 18th century.
Type species: J. adhatoda L.

Dianthera Gronov. ex L. Sp. Pl. 27. 1753; Gen Pl. 15. 1754. The generic epithet
was introduced by Gronovius (Fl. Virgin. 5. 1742). The anther lobes in
this genus are similar, or nearly so, in shape, with the lower lobe stalked
instead of sessile as in typical Justicia. Type species: D. americana L.

Adhatoda Tourn. ex Medic. in Act. Acad. Theod. Palat. 6. Phys.: 393. 1790;
Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 76, 102. 1832. The generic epithet is a native
name. Two species, A. zeylanica and A. hyssopifolia, are discussed; the first,
a synonym of Justicia adhatoda L., may be chosen as type.

488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Leplostachya Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 76, 105. 1832. Derivation: derrés,
thin, fine or delicate, and oraxvus, spike. Two species are described, L.
virgata Nees and L. wallichii Nees.

Beloperone Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 76, 102. 1832. Derivation: Bé\os, arrow,
and zepévn, buckle. The name alludes to the arrow-shaped connective of
the anther. In Justicia, according to Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 426. 1847), the
anther lobes are parallel, more or less superposed, and their bases blunt. In
contrast, the anther lobes of Beloperone are usually superposed, one or both
lobes spurred, and the connective arrow-shaped. When a large number of
species of both genera are examined, so much variation in these characters are
found that it does not seem feasible to maintain Beloperone as a separate
genus. The typeis B. amherstiae Nees.

Rhytiglossa Nees in Lindl. Introd. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 444. 1836. Derivation:
duris, wrinkle or crease, and yAwooa, tongue, alluding apparently to the
ridged or roughened palate of the corolla. Three syntypes are cited: R.
origanoides, R. eckloniana, and R, ciliata. All three are from southern Africa.

Orthotactus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 131. pl. 21. 1847. Derivation: 6p00s,
straight or upright, and raxrés, arranged; alludes, apparently, to the tetra-
stichous spikes of the genus. Of the 9 species described here by Nees, his
No. 5, O. venosus illustrated by Pl. 21, can be chosen as the type species.
It was collected on the Rio Maranh&o in the Province of Goyaz, Brazil,
by Pohl.

Psacadocalymma Bremekamp, Verh. Kon, Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk.,
Sect. 2, 45: 54. 1948. Type: Justicia comata L.

Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate, usually ovate to oblong
and entire, flowers spicate, paniculate or solitary; bracts various,
small, linear or subulate, distant, to large, conspicuous and imbricate;
calyx segments usually narrow and nearly equal, 5 or, in some species,
4 in number; corollas usually white, pink or purple, sometimes with
purple or white makings in throat, the tube usually rather narrow,
short to long, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower
3-lobed; stamens 2, often slightly exserted but usually not exceeding
the corolla lips; anther cells 2, more or less superposed, one or both
cells apiculate or tailed, the connective narrow to broad, the lobes
parallel or obliquely affixed; capsules clavate, 4-seeded.

KEY TO THE SPECIES
A. Calyx segments 4.
Leaf blades large, at least some of them as much as 5 to 8 cm. wide.
1. J. cystolithosa
Leaf blades smaller, 4 em. wide or less.
Bracts conspicuous, oblong to elliptic, 4 to 5 mm. wide, acute to obtuse and
apiculate___._._---.----. ---_-- eee ee 2. J. chlorostachya
Bracts inconspicuous, subulate to lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, 2 mm.
wide or less.

§ Beloperone amherstiae was described from cultivated material of unknown origin. Later, Nees himself
(in Martius, Fl. Bras. 9: 139. 1847) stated that it was conspecific with Justicia brasiliana Roth (Nov. Plant.
Sp. 17, 1821). Consequently, Bremekamp has made the new combination Beloperone brasiliana Breme-
Kamp (Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 52. 1948).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 489

Corollas large, about 3 cm. long.
Leaf blades usually rounded or obtuse at base....---3. J. ischnorhachis
Leaf blades cuneate at base.
Corollas a clear purple; marginal hairs of the calyx segments up to

0.5 mm. long.__-------------------------- 4, J. charadrophila
Corollas magenta; marginal hairs of the calyx segments up to 0.15
mm, long______------------------------------- 5. J. oreopola

Corollas smaller, 8-14 mm. long.
Pubescence of the inflorescence a mixture of glandular and acute hairs;
flowers usually borne in terminal small lax panicles___-6. J. archeri
Pubescence of the inflorescence without glandular hairs; flowers borne in
solitary or paired spikes.

Calyx segments 2.75 mm. long------------------------ 7. J. blackit
Calyx segments 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long.
Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate- ------------------ 8. J. infelix
Leaf blades lanceolate to oblong- or ovate-lanceolate.
Spikes dense__----------------------------- 9. J. pleurolarynz
Spikes lax-_------------------------------ 10. J. polygonoides

A. Calyx segments 5.
B. Calyx irregular.

Posterior segments of the calyx connate except at tips----- 11. J. fuchstifolia
Posterior segments not connate, the anterior segment much smaller than the
others.
Bracts conspicuous and imbricate, ovate------------- 12. J. neurochlamys
Bracts small and inconspicuous, triangular or subulate.
Spikes very small, 1 cm. long or less, axillary ---------- 13. J. rhodoides

Spikes larger, 3 to 18 cm. long, usually terminal.
Leaf blades elliptic or ovate, rounded or broadly obtuse at tip.
14. J. daidalea
Leaf blades ovate, short-acuminate or acute------------ 15. J. aéthes
B. Calyx regularly 5-parted.
Golden yellow hairs present, at least at tip of stems.
Leaf blades up to 12 cm. wide, the lower surface densely and softly sub-
tomentose_____-------------------------------- 16. J. chrysocoma
Leaf blades up to 4 cm. wide, the lower surface hirsute - -- -- 17. J. chrysea
Golden yellow hairs not present.
C. Bracts 3 to 4 em. long, their tips long and filiform.
Leaf blades up to 5 cm. wide; bracts 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide.
18. J.. chaetocephala
Leaf blades up to 12 cm. wide; bracts up to 6 mm. wide.
Flowers white; bracts slenderly lanceolate to filiform.
19. J. croceochlamys
Flowers yellow; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
20. J. bracteosa
C. Bracts less than 3 em. long, or if more than 3 cm. long their tips not
long-filiform.
Stems or at least the upper portions conspicuously pilose with more or
less spreading hairs, these from 2 to 5 mm. long.
Bracts acuminate._____------------------------ 21. J. chaponensis
Bracts rounded and apiculate
Bracts conspicuously long-clawed, up to 6 mm. wide.
22. J. unguiculata

388179—57——_12

490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Bracts cuneate or rounded at base, up to 13 mm. wide.

Leaf blades ovate.__._..._-_-_________ 23. J. pampolystachys

Leaf blades oblong-ovate.
Herbs_....-------.------- 2 __- 24, J. hyperdasya
Shrubs__---_----_---..--2--- eee 25. J. schultesii

Stems not conspicuously pilose.
D. Bracts 3 mm. wide or more, conspicuous and more or less imbricate.
E. Leaf blades relatively small, up to 5 cm. wide and 14 em. long.

Bracts spathulate, rounded at tip_________- 26. J. carthaginensis
Bracts ovate to lanceolate, acute to acuminate.
Corolla red; bracts acuminate______________ 27. J. erythrantha

Corolla white; bracts acute to subacuminate.
Leaf blades lanceolate, up to 1.5 em. wide.
28. J. leptochlamys
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 5 mm. wide.
29. J. gutierrezit
E. Leaf blades relatively large, 6 to 11 cm. wide and 20 to 26 cm.
long.
Bracts obtuse.
Lobes of the lower lip of the corolla narrow, 0.75 to 1.5 mm.
wide___-_-_----_--- eee 30. J. macarenensis
Lobes of the lower lip of the corolla broad, 3 to 6 mm. wide.
Bracts broadly obtuse or rounded at apex, unguiculate at
base; corolla white with purple lines_31. J. pharmacodes
Bracts moderately obtuse, narrowed at base but not unguicu-
late; corolla blue with white lines__32. J. phytolaccoides
Bracts acute.
Corollas white or yellow.
Bracts up to 28 mm. long; corollas yellow.
33. J. xanthostachya
Bracts up to 12 mm. long; corollas white.
Leaves large, up to 30 em. long and 16 em. wide; panicle
large, terminal, up to 22 cm. long and 8 cm. broad.
34. J. rohrit
Leaves medium, up to 9 cm. long and 14 em. wide; spikes
solitary or in pairs, terminal or subterminal.
35. J. cabrerae
Corollas red or rose.
Bracts glabrous or sparingly strigose, veiny.
Corollas pale red, up to 3.3 cm. long. .__36. J. leucerythra
Corollas scarlet up to 6 cm. long____-- 37. J. enarthrocoma
Bracts rather densely puberulous or moderately hirsute.
Corollas up to 6.5 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, up to 18

mm. long__-_-----.--.--2---____ 38. J. sanchezioides
Corollas up to 2.3 em. long; bracts subovate, up to 11 mm.
long-.-.--------- eee 39. J. homoea

D. Bracts less than 3 mm. wide, inconspicuous.
Spikes forming a dense terminal panicle_____- 40. J. filibracteolata

Spikes solitary or several, not forming a dense terminal panicle.
F. Corollas 3 to 6.5 em. long.
Upper surface of the leaf blades pilose, the hairs purplish,
ascending and conspicuously septate_41. J. porphyrocoma

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 491

Upper surface of the leaf blades not pilose with purplish
septate hairs, the pubescence various.
G. Flowers borne in dense spikes.

Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 2.5

em. wide; corollas up to 4.5 cm. long.
42. J. periplocifolia
Leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic or oblong-elliptic, up
to 20 cm. long and 10.5 em. wide; corollas 3 to 3.8 cm.

long.
Stems glabrous_----------------------- 43. J. sciota
Stems minutely antrorsely strigose with yellowish
hairs__..-------------------- 44, J. phlebophylla

G. Flowers disposed in loose spikes or panicles.
Rachises and peduncles densely hirsute or strigose.
Pubescence of the panicle of grayish hairs, those more
or less spreading, up to 1 mm. long.
45. P. malacophylla
Pubescence of the panicle of yellowish hairs, these minute
and appressed, up to 0.2 mm. long.
46. J. pelianthia
Rachises and peduncles glabrous to moderately puberu-
lous, strigose or hirsute.
Flowers borne in axillary racemes------ 47. J. anabasa
Flowers disposed at least in part in terminal panicles.
Panicles composed of subhelicoid cymes.
Corolla glabrous; leaf blades thin, glabrous.
48. J. aurantiaca
Corolla puberulous, firm, sparingly hirtellous
49, J. jacobinioides
Panicles composed of spikes.
Rachises rather thick, up to 1.5 mm. in diameter.
50. J. novogranatensis
Rachises slender, up to 0.5 mm. in diameter.
Corollas crimson--------------- 51. J. secunda
Corollas white... 51a. J. secunda var. leucantha
F. Corollas less than 3 cm. long.
Leaf blades pandurate.
Flowers borne in a narrow slender naked panicle; leaves
large, up to 30 cm. long and 13 cm. wide. 52. J. atacta
Flowers borne in leafy spreading conspicuous panicles; leaf
blades medium, up to 16 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide.
53. J. ephemera
Leaf blades not pandurate but narrowed to rounded or sub-
cordate at the base.
H. Spikes arranged in panicles.
Leaf blades large, up to 23 em. long and 10 cm. wide.
Panicles dense.___.--_---------------------------- 40. J. filibracteolata
Panicles open.
Flowers greenish white, crowded at the tips of the panicle branches.
54. J. chloanantha
Flowers purplish, disposed in spikes up to 5 cm. long_--- 55. J. helonoma

492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Leaf blades small to medium, up to 15 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide.

Pubescence of the inflorescence a mixture of glandular and eglandular hairs.
Leaf blades up to 11 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide. _______ 56. J. pectoralis
Leaf blades up to 5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide.

56a. J. pectoralis var. stenophylla
Pubescence of the inflorescence eglandular,
Calyx 2.5 mm. long; lowermost spikes borne in peduncled umbels,
57, J. comata
Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long.
Flowers borne in slender axillary dichotomously or trichotomously

branched panicles_._._______.__-______-_-__ 58. J. namatophila
Flowers borne in dense terminal panicles comprised of verticillasters
of numerous slender ascending spikes____________ 59. J. martiana

H. Spikes not arranged in panicles.
Spikes axillary.
Peduncles up to 7 cm. long__._.______-______________. 60. J. laevilinguis
Peduncles up to 2 mm. long or lacking.
Bracts spathulate; spikes up to 6 cm. long, dense, the flowers conspicuously
secund.__________-- ~~~ eee 61. J. tdiogenes
Bracts linear-subulate; spikes up to 1.5 em. long or lacking and the flowers
disposed in close axillary clusters, these not conspicuously secund.
62. J. fusagasugana
Spikes terminal, solitary, paired, or in 3’s.
Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate, up to 12 mm. wide______ 63. J. scytophylla
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, ovate or oblong, 2 em. wide or more.
Flowers white.
Bracts subtending the corollas narrowly ovate, subacute, conspicuously

d-nerved_____------2 8 ao ------ eee eee 64. J. killipit
Bracts subtending the corollas subulate to narrowly triangular, acute to
acuminate,
Leaf blades up to 17 em. long and 8 em. wide; calyx segments 8 mm.
long. ----------------_ 22 e- eLL_e 65. J. graphophylla
Leaf blades up to 14 em. long and 5.5 em. wide; calyx segments 5 mm.
long.
Connective of the anthers spurred_______________- 66. J. petraea
Connective of the anthers not spurred______________ 67. J. sterea
Flowers lavender or lilac.
Leaf blades rounded at base___________________________ 68. J. sciera
Leaf blades narrowed at base.
Corolla bearing glandular hairs._______________ 69. J. stereostachya

Corolla with acute hairs.
Capsules bearing minute gland-tipped hairs mixed with acute ones.

70. J. hodget
Capsule bearing acute hairs only___.-____________ 71. J. hygrobia
1. Justicia cystolithosa Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 183

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis),
sulcatis, glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice acuta vel
breviter et aliquanto graciliter sed plus minusve abrupte acuminata,
basi rotundata vel obtusa, sessilis vel breviter petiolata, firma et
aliquanto chartacea, integra vel undulata, glabra, subtus costa et

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 493

venis prominentibus, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; paniculae
magnae, terminales, internodiis superioribus panicularum parce
glanduloso-puberulis, infimis glabris; spicae apice ramorum panic-
ularum breves, laxae, floribus secundis praeditae; bracteae subulatae
glabrae, cystolithis conspicuis, parallelis; bracteolae bracteis similes
sed leviter longiores; calycis segmenta 4, anguste lanceolata, apice
eraciliter acuta, parce et glanduloso-puberula, marginibus minute
ciliolatis; corolla purpurea, parce et minute pubescens, aliquanto
magna, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore suberecto, triangulo-ovato,
apice acuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, aliquanto anguste
obovato, apice 3-lobato, lobis brevibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta,
filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum superpositis, obliquis, lobo superiore
dorso puberulo, pilis rigidis, erectis, anguste triangularibus, acutis,
lobo inferiore breviter calcarato; ovarium glabrum.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 1.5 meters high; stems
quadrangular (the angles rounded), sulcate, glabrous; leaf blades
oblong-ovate, up to 22 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, acute to short but
slenderly and more or less abruptly acuminate, rounded or obtuse at
base, sessile or short petioled (petiole glabrous, up to 4 mm. long),
firm and somewhat chartaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous, the
venation (lateral veins 10 to 12 pairs) very prominent beneath, less so
above, the cystoliths of both surfaces very numerous and conspicuous,
0.2-0.3 mm. long, straight or slightly curved; flowers rather numer-
ous, borne in lax terminal panicles up to 20 cm. long and 8 cm. broad,
the peduncles and lowermost internodes of the inflorescence up to 4
cm. long, the other internodes successively shorter towards the tip
of the inflorescence, the ultimate ones slender, the flowers more or
less secund, few to several (6 or more), borne at the tips of the branches
of the inflorescence, the internodes of the flower-bearing spicate tips
5 mm. long, becoming shorter upward, the peduncle and lower in-
florescence internodes glabrous, the upper ones sparingly puberulous
with spreading glandular hairs about 0.1 mm. long; bracts subulate,
up to 4mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, glabrous; bractlets similar
to the bracts but slightly longer, the bracts and the internodes of
the inflorescence bearing numerous conspicuous parallel cystoliths;
calyx segments 4, 1 cm. long, narrowly lanceolate, 1 mm. wide near
base, gradually narrowed into a slender tip, sparingly glandular-
puberulous, the hairs similar to those of the inflorescence branches, the
margins minutely ciliolate with spreading hairs; corollas up to 36 mm.
long, purple, very sparingly and minutely pubescent without, the
basal portion within densely and retrorsely strigose with white hairs
up to 0.5 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm.
above base to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at mouth,
the upper lip suberect, triangularly ovate, about 8 mm. wide at base,

494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

acute at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, rather narrowly
obovate, 5 mm. wide at 4 mm. below tip, 4 mm. wide at tip, 3-lobed,
the lobes low and rounded, 1 mm. long, the middle lobe 1.5 mm. wide,
theflateralfones 1 mm. wide; stamens exserted about 9 mm. beyond

Ficure 183.—Justicia cystolithosa Leonard (Idrobo t3 Schultes 825): a, Leaf showing
cystoliths; b, small area of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show cystoliths;
¢, portion of inflorescence; d, portion of an internode of the inflorescence enlarged to
show pubescence; ¢, one of the lower nodes of the inflorescence enlarged to show bracts;
f, bracts and one of a pair of bractlets subtending a flower; g, a segment of a calyx; h,
anther. (a, Half natural size; b, 1144 times natural size; c, natural size; d, 35 times
natural size; ¢, f, 4 times natural size; g, 3 times natural size; h, 7 times natural size.)

the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments glabrous, the anther cells
superposed and obliquely attached to the connective, about 2 mm.
long and 0.5 mm. thick, the upper lobe puberulous dorsally, the hairs
stiff, erect, straight, narrowly triangular, 0.8 mm. long, white, the
lower lobe terminated in a blunt tail 0.13 mm. long; style as long as

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 495

the stamens, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs near base; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025698, collected on
trail between Rio Giejar and the ‘“cafio” Guapayita, Cordillera La
Macarena, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 500 to 600 meters altitude,
December 20-28, 1950, by Jestis M. Idrobo & Richard Evans Schultes
(No. 825).

The following specimens, all} from the Macarena region, are also of
this species: Philipson & Idrobo’s No. 1794 (BM), collected in dense
forest on the central mountain approach ridge, 600 meters altitude,
December 19, 1949; Idrobo and Schultes’ No. 1283 (US), collected
on the mesa of Rio Sansa, 1,000 to 1,300 meters, January 23, 1951; and
Philipson, Idrobo and Jaramillo’s No. 2146 (US), collected in dense
humid forests of the central mountains of the north ridge, 1,500 meters
altitude, January 23, 1950.

Justicia cystolithosa is an attractive species easily recognized
by its stiff, papery, almost sessile leaf blades conspicuously veined
and covered with cystoliths and by its graceful panicles of rather
large purple flowers.

2. Justicia chlorostachya Leonard sp. nov. Ficure 184

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus (nodis infimis saepe
radicantibus), subquadrangularibus, 4-sulcatis, deorsum glabris, sur-
sum puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovato-lanceolata,
acuta vel acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, integra vel undulata, aliquanto firma, supra glabra vel plus
minusve hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, costa plus minusve appresso-
pilosula, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus pilosu-
lis, pilis appressis vel patentibus, curvatis; petioli aliquanto graciles,
puberuli; spicae terminales, dense bracteosae, parvae, pedunculis
gracilibus, puberulis; bracteae oblongo-ellipticae vel ovatae, acutae
vel obtusae et apiculatae, subchartaceae, nitidae, virides, glabrae,
marginibus ciliatis, cystolithis et venis prominentibus; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acutae, basi angustae; calycis segmenta 4, anguste lan-
ceolata, ciliata; corolla parva, aliquanto hirsuta (basi glabra), alba,
rosea vel pallide violacea, labio superiore erecto, ovato, acuto,
labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis aequalibus, lobo medio orbi-
culato, lobis lateralibus ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina leviter
exserta, filamentis glabris, antherarum lobis obliquis, inaequalibus;
stigma sursum glabrum, deorsum hirtellum; capsulae clavatae, parvae,
glabrae vel parce pubescentes; retinacula ligulata, apice tenuia,
rotundata; semina ovoidea, plana, brunnea, papillosa.

Herbs up to 1 meter high, erect or ascending, often rooting at the
lower nodes; stems usually more or less branched, subquadrangular,
4-sulcate, puberulous, or the lower portions glabrous, the hairs evenly

496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

disposed or more or less in 2 rows, retrorsely curved, up to 0.25 mm.
long, white, the internodes up to 10 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 10 cm. long and 0.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute to
acuminate (the tip itself blunt) or occasionally obtuse, narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, ashy green (Cuatrecasas) or dark
sea-green (Lehmann), entire or undulate, moderately firm, the upper
surface glabrous or more or less hirsute, the hairs ascending, up to 1
mm. long, the costa often more or less appressed-pilosulous, the hairs
0.25 mm. long, the cystoliths usually conspicuous under a lens, the
lower surface glabrous or nearly so except the costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs), these prominent, pilosulous, the hairs subappressed or

Ficure 184.—Justicia chlorostachya Leonard (a-e, h, Killip 9 Garcia 33671; f, g, Garcia-
Barriga, Hawkes t3 Villarreal 12960): a, Tip of branch to show spike; b, bract; c, enlarged
hairs from margin of bracts; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, corolla; g, anther; h, capsule, (a,
Natural size; 5, 3 times natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d-f, h, twice natural size;
g, 4 times natural size.)

spreading, curved, up to 0.25 mm. long, the cystoliths few and obscure
to numerous and conspicuous; petioles rather slender, up to 1.5 cm.
long, more or less puberulous, the hairs curved, ascending or subap-
pressed, up to 0.5 mm. long; spikes terminal, solitary or occasionally,
in pairs, up to 8 cm. long and 8 to 15 mm. broad, densely bracted or
the lower portions lax, the peduncles rather slender, up to 5 cm. long,
puberulous, the hairs similar to those of the stems ; bracts oblong-
elliptic to ovate, up to 8 mm. long and 5 (usually 4) mm. wide, acute
to obtuse and apiculate, narrowed at base, rather thin and subcharta-
ceous, a bright nitid slate green (‘empizarradas verde claras,”’ Cuat-
recasas), glabrous except the margins, these ciliate, the hairs spreading
or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, the cystoliths usually prominent

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 497

under a lens, the costa and lateral veins rather prominent; bractlets
lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute and narrowed at
base, in other respects similar to the bracts; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long,
deeply segmented, the segments 4, narrowly lanceolate, 0.5 mm.
wide near base, gradually narrowed, the costa and margins ciliate,
the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long; corolla about 1 cm. long, white,
pink or pale violet (the lobes sometimes a deeper pink or violet or the
upper lip pink or violet and the lower whitish), moderately hirsute
except the glabrous basal portion, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, the
tube 7 mm. long, 1.75 mm. broad near base, narrowed gradually to
1 mm. at 5.5 mm. above base, 1.75 mm. broad at mouth, the posterior
lip erect, ovate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip spread-
ing, 4 mm. long, 3-lobed, the middle lobe orbicular, about 3 mm. in
diameter, the lateral lobes oblong-ovate, 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm.
wide, rounded; stamens adnate to the throat of the corolla tube,
the free filaments slender and glabrous, 3 mm. long, the adnate
parts hirtellous, the anther lobes attached obliquely on the connec-
tive, the larger of the lobes 0.75 mm. long, the smaller 0.5 mm. long;
stigma 7.5 mm. long, the upper half glabrous, the lower hirtellous,
the stigma narrowly lanceolate; capsule glabrous or sparsely pubes-
cent, 7.5 mm. long, 3 mm. thick, 2 mm. broad, clavate, 4-seeded, the
sterile solid basal stipitate portion 3 mm. long; retinacula ligulate, the
basal portion about 0.5 mm. wide, the tip 0.25 mm. wide, flat and
rounded; seeds ovoid, light brown, 1.5 mm. long and broad, about
0.5 mm. thick, papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1770577, collected in
dense forest at San Antonio, west of Cali, near summit of Cordillera
Occidental, Department of El Valle, Colombia 1,900 to 2,350 meters
altitude, February 26 to March 2, 1939, by E. P. Killip and Hernando
Garcia (No. 33671).

Other collections are:

Anrioquta: Damp open woods along the Camino Real Antiguo to Boquerén
de Medellin, 2,500 meters altitude, Barkley, Correa & Pérez 102 (US). Woods at
Las Palmas, between Medellin and El Retiro, Sarmiento 6 (GH, Med). Damp
woods near Santa Elena, between Medellin and Rionegro, Barkley, Araque &
Gémez 406 (US); Barkley, Scolnik & Ramirez 522 (US). Dryish area 3 km. west
of Santa Fé de Antioquia, Scolnik, Barkley & Saiz 428 (US).

Caupas: Forests west of Rio Boqufa, Salento, Killip & Hazen 8795 (GH, NY,
US). Thicket along stream, Rfo San Raphael, below Cerro Tatamad, Pennell
10347 (GH).

Cauca: Woods at Carpinterfas, between Cerro Munchique and Cerro Altamira,
Pérez-Arbeléez & Cuatrecasas 6183 (Col). Virgin forests near El Tambo, La
Costa, von Sneidern 624 (S); 700 (S); 958 (S), La Gallera, Micay Valley, Killip
7684 (GH), 7786 (GH). Virgin forest near El Tambo, Munchique, von Sneidern

711 (S). Shady place on the plateau of Popaydén, Lehmann 5601 (K). Rio
Munchique, Garcia-Barriga, Hawkes & Villarreal 12960 (US). Rio Tambito,

498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Cerro de Munchique, Pérez-Arbeldez & Cuatrecasas 6267 (US). Forest below
San José, San Antonio, Pennell 7622 (GH, NY, US). Popaydn, Yepes-Agredo
202 (US).

CUNDINAMARCA: Mesa, 700 meters altitude, September 1855, Triana s.n.

Col).

os VaLLE: Dense forests of La Cumbre, Killip 5699 (NY, 8, US); Pennell &
Killip 5759 (GH, NY, US). Woods at La Elsa, valley of the Rfo Digua, Cuatre-
casas 15308 (US). Monte La Guarida, above La Carbonera, between Las Brisas
and Alban, Cuatrecasas 22210 (US). Woods, near La Laguna, valley of the Rfo
Sanquininf, Cuatrecasas 15438 (US). Mount El Tabor, above Las Brisas, Cuatre-
casas 22266 (US). La Trojita, along the Rfo Calima, Cuatrecasas 16444 (US).
Between La Elsa and Rio Blanco, Rfo Digua Valley, Killip 35666 (US).

Touma: Forests of Libano, Pennell 3397 (GH, NY, US).

Vaupks: Soratama, between the Rfos Pacoa and Kananarf, Schultes & Cabrera
12703 (US).

WitnHovuTt LocaLity: Pennell & Killip 12131 (NY, US).

Endemic. The species is usually found in more or less damp forests
from 1,000 to 2,500 meters altitude. It has, however, been found as
low as 5 to 50 meters (Cuatrecasas 16444). The color of the corolla
varies considerably, from white through pink or purplish. Pennell
gives a detailed description of the corolla of his No. 10347 while still
fresh: “Corolla: 2 posterior lobes arched and united (apex acute,
erect, distally purple); 3 anterior lobes of equal length, proximally
white, distally phlox-pink; throat anteriorly 2-ridged and with hori-
zontal processes white, with horizontal radiating areas on the ridges
of phlox-purple.” The specific epithet comes from xdwpés, green,
and oraxus, spike.

3. Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 185

Sufrutex aliquando subscandens, caulibus subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel sursum bifariam puberulis, pilis parvis, retrorse recurvatis;
lamina foliorum lanceolata vel oblongo-ovata vel elliptica, breviter
vel graciliter acuminata (apice saepe curvato), basi obtusa vel ro-
tundata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra glabra vel
in costa et venis lateralibus parce puberula, pilis subappressis, subtus
glabra vel in costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus parce puberula,
cystolithis (sub lente) conspicuis; petioli breves, glabri vel parce
puberuli; spicae terminales et axillares, pedunculis gracilibus, quad-
rangularibus (angulis leviter alatis), glabris vel bifariam hirtellis;
bracteae lanceolato-ovatae, acutae vel acuminatae, aliquanto firmae,
striato-venosae, hirtellae, pilis patulis, rectis vel leviter curvatis;
bracteolae subulatae, ciliatae, glabrae, costa prominente hirtella;
calycis segmenta subulata, apice filiformia, hirtella, pilis patulis,
apice acutis vel cyathiformibus; corolla rubra vel rubro-straminea vel-
fusco-coccinea vel violacea, parce pubescens, pilis septatis, apice
acutis vel interdum cyathiformibus, tubo longo, anguste infundibuli-
formi, labio superiore ovato, erecto, apice acuto, inferiore oblongo,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 499

plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, obtusis; stamina exserta,
glabra, lobis antherarum plus minusve obliquis; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae vel parce puberulae, apice acutae; semina ovata, plana,
longitudinaliter rugosa, dilute brunnea, levia vel minute papillosa,

a
Df on

aS
ee

= 4
ps,
1 eee
a

'

Ficure 185.—Justicia ischnorhachis Leonard (af, 1, j, A pollinaire ‘‘D”; g, h, Apollinaire
‘““H”): a, Tip of branch showing inflorescence and leaves; b, bract; ¢, bractlet (side view) ;
d, bractlet, dorsal view; ¢, calyx segment; f, pubescence from margin of calyx segment;
g, tip of corolla; A, anther; i, valve of capsule; J, seed. (a, Natural size; b-e, 344 times
natural size; f, 16 times natural size; g, 134 times natural size; h, 5% times natural size;
i, twice natural size; j, 5 times natural size.)

Suffrutescent plants sometimes becoming subscandent, up to 60
cm. high or more; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the upper
portions more or less bifariously puberulous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, retrorsely curved; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong-ovate or

500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

elliptic, up to 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, shortly to slenderly acumi-
nate, the tip often curved, obtuse or rounded at base or sometimes
acute, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous
or the costa and lateral veins (6 or 7 pairs) sparingly puberulous, the
hairs subappressed, the lower surface likewise glabrous or sparingly
puberulous on costa and veins, these more prominent than those of the
upper surface, the cystoliths moderately conspicuous under a lens, up
to 0.28 mm. long; petioles 3 to 8 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous; spikes terminal and axillary, the uppermost spike some-
times forked or sparingly branched forming a loose panicle, slender, 3 to
12 cm. long, the peduncles slender, up to 7 cm. long, quadrangular,
the angles faintly winged, glabrous or hirtellous, the hairs arranged
more or less in two lines, up to 0.5 mm. long, the rachis slender,
subquadrangular, more or less flattened near the nodes, moderately
hirtellous; bracts lance-ovate, average size 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm.
wide, acute or acuminate, rather firm, striate-veined (the costa and
lateral veins prominent), moderately hirtellous, the hairs rigid,
spreading, straight or slightly curved, up to 0.16 mm. long; bractlets
subulate, 5.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ciliate, otherwise glabrous
except the costa, this prominent and sparingly hirtellous; calyx
about 8 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, more
or less spreading, some of them cyathiform, the segments 4, subulate,
0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender filiform tip
up to 3 mm. long; corollas red, reddish straw-color, dull crimson, violet
or reddish orange, sparingly pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm.
long, more or less conspicuously septate, a few cyathiform hairs some-
times present, the corolla tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, gradually
enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, 8 mm. long, 3 mm.
wide, acute at tip, the lower lip somewhat spreading, oblong, 3 mm.
wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long, the middle lobe 1.5 mm.
wide, the lateral ones 1 mm. wide, all obtuse; stamens exserted 5 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm.
long, 1.25 mm. broad, equally and somewhat obliquely attached to
the connective (0.5 mm. wide at base), one lobe 1.5 mm. long, the other
1.25 mm. long; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5 mm.
thick, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, acute at tip; retinacula 1.5
min. long, the tip rounded, flattened, erose; seeds flattened, 2 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, 0.5 mm. thick, light brown, longitudinally ridged,
smooth or minutely papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1830660, collected at
Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, December 1928, by
Brother Apollinaire “D.”

Other collections are:

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 501

Meta: Cabuyaro, Sprague 12 (K). On boulders in stream bed, Cafio Grande,
near Villavicencio, 700 meters altitude, Jan. 22, 1939, Haught 2560 (US). Rich damp
rocky woods along the Rio Guatiquia, vicinity of Villavicencio, 350 meters altitude,
Nov. 20, 1948, Araque-M. & Barkley 18M.018 (US). In primeval woods between
Salitre and Upin, January 1876, André 1094 (K). Servita, 700 meters altitude,
Triana, s.n. (K, NY). Villavicencio, Bro. Apollinaire ‘“G’’ (US); ‘‘H’”’ (US);
“1”? (US); “J” (US); 500 meters, Cuatrecasas 4518 (US); 4709 (US); moist situation
in semishade, 1,600 feet altitude, February 7, 1948, Sandeman 5814 (K). Macizo
Renjifo, Cordillera La Macarena, 1,300-1,900 m., Idrobo & Schultes 959 (US).

Norte DE SANTANDER: Valley of Rio Margua, between Junfn and Cérdoba,
920 to 1,240 meters altitude, November 22, 1941, Cuatrecasas 13382 (US).

Justicia ischnorhachis can easily be recognized by its strongly
nerved green bracts and slender spikes of flowers. The specific
epithet is from the Greek icxvés, slender, and axis, rachis.

4, Justicia charadrophila Leonard, sp. nov. FicurRE 186

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum antrorse strigosis,
pilis subbrunneis, rectis vel leviter curvatis, rigidis; lamina foliorum
lanceolata, apice acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliquanto integra vel undulata, supra glabra vel parce strigosa,
cystolithis saepe obscuris, subtus parce strigosa, pilis minutis, costa
et venis aliquanto prominentibus, cystolithis obscuris; petioli strigosi;
spicae terminales, aliquanto laxae, pedunculo et rhache hirsutis et
puberulis, pilis magnis ascendentibus, rigidis, rectis vel leviter curvatis,
pilis minutis, patulis vel retrorse curvatis; bracteae lanceolatae,
acutae, conduplicatae, hirsutae, pilis praecipue in costa et venis et
marginibus positis, rigidis, fere rectis, ascendentibus; bracteolae
lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae, planae, costa et marginibus hirtellis
exceptis, costa prominente; calycis segmenta 4, lanceolata, segmenta
anteriora et posteriora quam segmenta lateralia latiora, graciliter
acuta, 3-nervata, extus hirtella, intus glabra; corolla purpurea, parce
hirtella, tubo anguste campanulato, labio superiore suberecto, tri-
angulo-ovato, apice acuto, curvato, labio inferiore plus minusve
patulo, oblongo, apice 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina
exserta, filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, lobo
superiore fere horizontali, pilis dorsalibus rectis subalbidis praedito,
lobo inferiore glabro, recto, basi apiculato; ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent plants; stems subquadrangular, upwardly strigose, the
hairs brownish, straight or slightly curved, stiff, ascending to ap-
pressed, up to 0.75 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 14 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide, gradually narrowed from below middle to tip (the
tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, rather firm, entire or undulate,
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs stiff, ca. 0.75
mm. long, the cystoliths about 0.2 mm. long, often obscure, the lower
surface sparingly strigose but the hairs much smaller, about 0.38 mm.

502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) moderately prominent
beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths of the lower surface obscure;
petioles 0.5 to 1 cm. long, strigose like the stems; spikes terminal, up
to 6 cm. long and 8 mm. broad, rather lax, the peduncle 8 mm. long,
the lower internode of the spike 5 mm. long, the other internodes

Ficure 186.—Justicia charadrophila Leonard (Idrobo &% Schultes 1079): a, Tip of plant
showing leaves and inflorescence; 6, portion of peduncle enlarged to show pubescence;
c, bract and bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the lateral calyx segments;
f, anther. (a, Natural size; b, about 20 times natural size; c, 6% times natural size;
d, e, 4 times natural size; f, 8 times natural size.)

successively shorter toward tip of spike, both peduncle and rachis
hirsute and puberulous, the large hairs ascending, stiff, straight or
slightly curved, up to 0.8 mm. long, the small ones spreading or re-
trorsely recurved, up to 0.13 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 3.25 mm.
long, 1 mm. wide, acute, conduplicate, hirsute, the hairs mostly costal

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 503

and marginal, up to 0.57 mm. long, stiff, nearly straight, ascending;
bractlets lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, acute, flat, glabrous except costa
and margins, these bearing ascending slightly curved hairs up to 0.48
mm. long, the costa prominent; calyx 7 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments 4, lanceolate, the anterior and posterior segments 0.75
mm. wide below middle, the lateral segments about 0.5 mm. wide, all
narrowed to a slender tip, delicately 3-nerved, the outer surface
hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, ascending, the inner surface
glabrous; corolla a clear bright purple, 2.8 cm. long, sparingly hirtel-
lous, the hairs mostly spreading, straight, up to 0.28 mm. long, the
tube narrowly campanulate, 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 2
mm. above base to 0.5 mm., thence enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, the
upper lip suberect, 1 cm. long, 8 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a
rather slender acute slightly recurved tip, the lower lip more or less
spreading, oblong, about 3 mm. wide, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes sub-
orbicular, about 1.5 mm. in diameter, rounded or subtruncate;
stamens exserted 7 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla tube, the fila-
ments glabrous, the anther lobes slightly superposed, the upper lobe
attached almost horizontally to the connective, bearing dorsally a row
of stiff straight whitish hairs up to 0.11 mm. long, the lower lobe
glabrous, vertically attached to the connective, the upper tip touching
the upper lobe, the lower tip apiculate, the apiculus whitish, blunt, about
0.38 mm. long; style slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma
2-lobed, the lobes minute, rounded, one slightly longer than the other;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025704, collected on
the bank of a quebrada on the Renjifo Massive, Cordillera La Maca-
rena (extreme northeast tip), Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 1,300
to 1,900 meters altitude, January 6-20, 1951, by Jestis M. Idrobo and
Richard Evans Schultes (No. 1079).

The corollas of Justicia charadrophila are strikingly similar to those
of Justicia cystolithosa Leonard. In other respects however the two
species are highly dissimilar. The leaves of J. cystolithosa are much
larger (up to 22 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide), glabrous, strongly veined,
and bear numerous cystoliths, and the flowers are in largish panicles.

The specific epithet is from the Greek, xapaépa, ravine, and Abs,
fond of, in allusion to its habitat.

5. Justicia oreopola Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 187

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus vel deorsum subquadrangular-
ibus, dense hirsutis vel glabratis, pilis plus minusve patulis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
subacuta, aliquanto firma, integra, utrinque hirsuta, cystolithis raris,
gracilibus, obscuris; petioli breves, dense hirsuti; spicae terminales,

504. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

sublaxae, pedunculo hirsuto, rhache hirtello et hirsuto, pilis brevibus
et longis intermixtis; bracteae lanceolatae, ciliatae, bracteolae anguste
lanceolatae, parce hirsutae et ciliatae, costa prominente; calycis
segmenta 4, anguste lanceolata, hirsuta et hirtella; corolla rubro-
lilacina, aliquanto pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, subacuto (apice ipso obtuso),
labio inferiore cuneiformi, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, obtusis vel rotun-

Ficure 187.—Justicia oreopola Leonard (Philipson, Idrobo tf Jaramillo 2183): a, Tip of
plant showing inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade to show hairs of upper
surface; c, bract; d, bractlet, side view; e¢, bractlet, dorsal view; f, calyx segment;
g, corolla; A, anther. (a, Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; cf, 4 times natural
size; g, 144 times natural size; h, 5 times natural size.)

datis; stamina exserta, filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum leviter
superpositis obliquis, lobo superiore dorso hirtello; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems quadrangular or the lower portions
subquadrangular, densely hirsute or glabrate with age, the hairs more
or less spreading, up to 0.76 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-
ovate, short-acuminate, acute to subacute at base, moderately firm,
entire, both surfaces hirsute, the hairs 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long, the cysto-
liths slender, scattered and obscure; petioles 5 to 8 mm. long, densely

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 505

lirsute; spikes terminal, 2 to 4 cm. long, the lowermost internodes
about 5 mm. long, the others successively shorter towards tip of spike,
the peduncles 3 to 7 mm. long, hirsute, the rachis both hirtellous and
hirsute, the smaller hairs up to 0.8 mm. long, the longer ones up to
1 mm. long, all more or less spreading, straight or slightly curved;
bracts lanceolate, boat-shaped but not keeled, 3.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, acute, the margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous, the hairs up to
0.38 mm. long, the costa prominent but not conspicuous; bractlets
lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 0.56 mm. wide, acute, sparingly hirsute and
ciliate, the costa prominent; calyx 8 mm. long, the segments 4, narrowly
lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender
tip, moderately both hirsute and hirtellous, the marginal hairs up to
0.15 mm. long; corollas 3 cm. long, magenta, moderately pubescent
without, the hairs spreading, 0.28 mm. long, densely and retrorsely
hirtellous toward base, the hairs about 0.8 mm. long, the tube 1.5
mm. broad near base, thence gradually enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth,
the lips subequal, about 6 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, erect, 9 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide, subacute (the tip itself blunt), the lower lip 3-lobed,
cuneiform, 11 to 12 mm. long, 7.5 mm. wide near base of lobes, the
lobes ovate, 2.5 mm. long, the middle one 3 mm. wide, the lateral
ones 2.5 mm. wide, all obtuse or rounded; stamens exserted 8 mm.
beyond mouth of corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther cells
slightly superposed, attached obliquely to a flat connective 0.75 mm.
wide, the upper cell 2 mm. long, nearly horizontal, hirtellous dorsally,
the lower cell 1.5 mm. long, nearly vertical, minutely apiculate at
base, both cells glabrous; pistil about as long as the stamens, sparingly
and minutely hirtellous near base, the stigma minutely 2-lobed;
ovary glabrous; capsule not seen.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 2025719, collected by
stream in dense damp forest on a connecting ridge in the central
mountains of the Sierra de la Macarena, Intendencia of Meta, Colom-
bia, 1,450 meters altitude, January 21, 1950, by W. R. Philipson,
J. M. Idrobo, and R. Jaramillo (No. 2183). Isotype in the Harbarium
of the British Museum.

Justicia oreopola is allied in a general way to J. ischnorhachis.
There is a noticeable similarity in the leaves and flowers of the two
species. J. oreopola can, however, easily be recognized by its much
denser spike and by its hirsute pubescence. The specific epithet is
from the Greek épeorédos, haunting mountains.

6. Justicia archeri Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 188

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, sursum plus minusve
bifariam hirtellis, pilis curvatis, deorsum glabratis, purpureis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata

388179—57——18

506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata et in petiolem decurrens, firma vel
submembranacea, integra, utrinque glabra vel in costa et venis
lateralibus conspicuis parce hirtella, pilis curvatis, subappressis;
petioli glabri vel parce hirtelli; spicae terminales, laxae, saepe paniculas
laxas formantes, pedunculis quadrangularibus (angulis acutis),
bifariam hirtellis, pilis sursum curvatis, internodiis panicularum
eracilibus, acute quadrangularibus, hirtellis, pilis curvatis, subap-
pressis, eglandulosis et patulis glandulosis intermixtis praeditis,
floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis; bracteae et bracteolae
parvae, subulatae, subcarinatae, glabrae vel apice parce ciliatac;
calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, graciliter acuminata, aliquanto
hirtella, pilis eglandulosis et pilis paucis glandulosis intermixtis
praedita; corolla aliquanto parva, pallide lilacina, parce ct minute
pubescens, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore suberecto, anguste
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato,
lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina inclusa, glabra, lobis antherarum
leviter superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo, lobo inferiore fere recto,
basi apiculato; capsulae clavatae, parce et retrorse puberulae, retina-
culis leviter curvatis, apice fimbriatis, planis; semina 4, ferruginea,
leviter planata, minute papillosa, basi obliqua.

Herbs up to 50 cm. long or more, erect or ascending, the stems
subquadrangular, the upper portions hirtellous, the hairs curved,
about 0.15 mm. long, arranged more or less in 2 lines, the lower portions
of the stem glabrate, purplish, the lower internodes 2.5 mm. in diam-
eter; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 7.5 cm. long and 3.1 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at
base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm to membranous,
entire, both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral nerves (7 or 8
pairs) rather conspicuous and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs curved,
subappressed, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 em. long, glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous; flowers borne in terminal lax spikes or terminal
panicles of lax spikes up to 10 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, the spikes
up to 4 cm. long with rarely more than 4 flowers to each spike, the
peduncles up to 5 em. long, quadrangular (the angles sharp), bi-
fariously hirtellous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.2 mm. long,
the lowermost internodes of the inflorescence up to 2 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward the tip of the inflorescence, all
slender, sharply quadrangular, hirtellous with a mixture of small
curved hairs about 0.1 mm. long and spreading stouter straight
glandular ones up to 0.2 mm. long, the flowers sessile or borne on short
pedicels up to 1 mm. long; bracts subulate, firm, up to 3 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. wide at base, subcarinate, glabrous or sparingly ciliate
near tip, the hairs rigid and toothlike, about 0.4 mm. long, the cysto-
liths prominent; bractlets similar to the bracts but often slightly

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 507

longer; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long, segmented nearly to base, the segments
4, narrowly lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed
to a slender tip, moderately hirtellous, the hairs slender, ascending,
nearly straight, intermixed with a few spreading slightly longer and
more rigid glandular ones, the cystoliths prominent; corollas pale
lavender, sparingly and minutely pubescent, 11 mm. long, the tube
1.5 mm. broad near base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.25 mm.,
about 3 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, the upper lip sub-

Ficure 188.—Justicia archeri Leonard (Archer 1640): a, Inflorescence; b, leaf; ¢, node of
inflorescence to show bract and bractlets; d, portion of rachis to show pubescence;
¢, tip of bract enlarged to show marginal hairs and cystoliths; f, calyx; g, corolla; h,
anther. (a, b, Natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, 644 times natural size; ¢, twice
natural size; f, g, 3 times natural size; h, 16 times natural size.)

erect, narrowly ovate, 2.6 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to
a rounded bilobed tip 1 mm. wide, the lobes about 0.25 mm. long,
the lower lip spreading, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 4 mm. long,
the middle lobe 3.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones 2.25 mm. wide, all
rounded at tip; stamens barely reaching the mouth of the corolla
tube, glabrous, the filaments slender, the anther lobes slightly super-
posed, about 0.75 mm. long and 0.25 mm. thick, the upper lobe
obliquely attached, the lower nearly vertical, minutely apiculate

508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

at base; capsules 4-seeded, clavate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5
mm. thick, rather sparingly and retrorsely puberulous, the retinacula
1 mm. long, slightly curved, thin and fimbriate at tip; seeds oval,
slightly flattened, reddish brown, 1.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad,
about 0.25 mm. thick, oblique at base, minutely papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1517478, collected at
La Sierra, 18 km. north of Medellin, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, March 8, 1931, by W. A. Archer
(No. 1640).

Justicia archeri resembles J. leptophylla Leonard in many respects
and is probably rather closely related to it. However, the paniculate
inflorescence of J. archeri, with its mixed pubescence of straight
glandular hairs and shorter eglandular curved ones, differs from the
usually spicate inflorescence of J. leptophylla, which has no glandular
hairs.

7. Justicia blackii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 189

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel sursum bifariam puberulis, pilis curvatis et subappressis,
nodis tumescentibus; lamina foliorum ovata vel late lanceolata,
breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, tenuis,
integra vel undulata, glabra, costa parce hirtella, costa et venis laterali-
bus obscuris, cystolithis pluribus et sub lente conspicuis; petioli
graciles, glabri vel parce puberuli, cystolithis pluribus, minutis et
parallelis; spicae graciles, terminales et axillares, pedunculis gracilibus,
subquadrangularibus, sursum planis, bifariam hirtellis, rhachibus
planis, glabris, parce hirtellis; bracteae lanceolato-subulatae, carinatae,
glabrae, costa prominente; bracteolae lanceolato-subulatae, glabrae;
calycis segmenta 4, lanceolata, glabra vel parce ciliolatae, costa
obscura; corolla extus alba, intus purpurea, glabra vel labiis intus
puberulis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo,
3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, filamentis gracilibus, glabris, antheris glabris, connectivo
lato, plano, lobo superiore obliquo, inferiore plus minusve recto;
capsulae clavatae, glabrae.

Erect or ascending herbs up to 40 cm. high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or the upper portions puberulous in two lines, the hairs
curved and subappressed, up to 0.15 mm. long, the nodes of the stems
swollen; leaf blades up to 9 em. long and 2.7 em. wide, ovate to broadly
lanceolate, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), acute to obtuse at
base, thin, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa sparingly hirtel-
lous, this and the lateral veins (about 5 pairs) faint, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 509

slender, 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the
cystoliths numerous, minute and parallel; spikes slender, terminal
and axillary, 2 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, the peduncles slender,
5 to 10 mm. long, subquadrangular, flattened toward tip, hirtellous
in 2 lines, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the rachis flattened, glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous, lowermost internodes 5 mm. long, successively
shorter toward the tip of the spike; bracts lance-subulate, 3 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, carinate, glabrous, the costa prominent;

Ficure 189.—Justicia blackit Leonard (Schultes &§ Black 8697): a, Tip of plant showing
leaves and inflorescence; b, calyx; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, corolla; f, anther. (a, Natural
size; b-d, about 6 times natural size; ¢, 3 times natural size; f, about 10 times natural
size.)

bractlets lance-subulate, 2 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide near base, gla-
brous; calyx 2.75 mm. long, the segments 4, lanceolate, 0.5 mm. wide
near base, narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous, or sparingly ciliolate,
the costa obscure; corolla white externally, purple within, glabrous
or the inner surface of the lips puberulous, 12-14 mm. long, the tube
1.5 mm. broad at base, subcylindrical, 2 mm. broad at throat, the
lips subequal, 3.5 mm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2 mm. wide at
base, rounded at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed,

510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the lobes suborbicular, about 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely
exserted, the filaments slender, flattened, glabrous, the anther lobes
attached to a flattened connective 0.75 mm. wide, the upper cell
oblique, 0.75 mm. long, the lower cell 0.5 mm. long, attached more or
less vertically, both glabrous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, 1.25 mm. thick, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1989433, collected
alone the Loretoyacu River, in the “trapecio amazénico,” Intendencia
of Amazonas, Colombia, about 100 meters altitude, September 1946,
by Richard Evans Schultes and George A. Black (No. 8317). Schultes
& Black No. 8697, collected in the same general region, is also of this
species.

8. Justicia infelix Leonard, sp. nov. Fictre 190

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus breviter striatis, deorsum teretibus,
sursum subtetragonis, glabris vel aliquanto bifariam hirsutis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel rotundata, in petiolum breviter decurrens,
aliquanto firma, integra, glabra vel costa et venis lateralibus obscuris,
plus minusve hirsuta, pilis curvatis, cystolithis parvis et obscuris;
petioli glabri vel aliquanto hirsuti; spicae terminales et axillares, plus
minusve laxae, pedunculo subquadrangulari, glabro vel aliquanto
hirsuto, pilis curvatis, rhache hirsuta; bracteae ovatae graciliter
acuminatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos ad apicem ferentes, costa non
prominente; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae ad apicem graciliter
angustatae, carinatae, parce hirsutae, pilis curvatis; calycis sezmenta
4, lanceolata, parce hirsuta, costa prominente; corolla parva, aliquanto
hirtella, pilis patulis, tubo brevi, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
ovato, apice truncato et leviter emarginato, labio inferiore puniceo,
cuneformi, trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis et leviter marginatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis, sursum glabris, deorsum parce
hirtellis, lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, lobo superiore hori-
zontali, margine dorsali parce hirtello, inferiori verticali; capsulae
clavatae, glabratae; semina 4, apice truncata vel obtusa, basi oblique
cordata, subnigra, leviter verrucosa.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems
shallowly grooved, the lower portions terete, the upper subtetragonal,
glabrous to moderately hirsute, the hairs more or less bifarious,
curved, up to 0.57 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to
10 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), acute to rounded at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
moderately firm, entire, glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4
or 5 pairs) rather obscure, more or less hirsute, the hairs curved, 0.28 to
0.388 mm. long, the cystoliths small and obscure; petioles 5 to 10 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 511

long, glabrous to moderately hirsute; spikes terminal and axillary, 2 to
6 cm. long, 1 em. broad, rather loose, the internodes up to 5 mm. long,
the peduncles 1 to 1.5 em. long, subquadrangular, glabrous to mod-
erately hirsute with curved hairs 0.28 mm. to 0.38 mm. long, the
rachis hirsute with curved hairs 0.28 mm. long; bracts ovate, 3.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, slenderly acuminate, glabrous or bearing
toward the tip a few hairs 0.2 mm. long, the costa barely prominent;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,

Ficure 190.— Justicia infelix Leonard (Killip 35574): a, Portion of stem showing spike
and a pair of leaves; b, bract; c, bractlet; d, calyx; ¢, upper lip of corolla; f, lower lip of
corolla; g, anther; h, valve of capsule; 7, seed. (a, Natural size; b, c, 344 times natural
size; d, 4 times natural size; ¢, f, 3 times natural size; g, 5 times natural size; h, twice
natural size; 1, 314 times natural size.)

gradually narrowed to a slender tip, carinate, sparingly hirsute
dorsally with curved hairs about 0.2 mm. long, the costa not promi-
nent; calyx 7.5 mm. long, the segments 4, lanceolate, about 7 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, sparingly hirsute dorsally, the costa prominent;
corolla 10 mm. long with a pink lower lip, moderately hirtellous, the
hairs spreading, about 0.2 mm. long, the tube 1.25 mm. broad at base,
enlarged to 2 mm. at 2.5 mm. above base and narrowed to 1.25 mm. at
middle, the throat 2.5 mm. broad, the upper lip ovate, 6 mm. long,

512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to 1.25 mm. at tip, the tip
itself truncate and shallowly emarginate, the lower lip cuneiform,
6 mm. long, 7 mm. wide at base of lobes, the lobes 3, ovate, 3 mm.
long, the middle lobe 3.5 mm. wide, rounded and shallowly emarginate
at tip, the lateral lobes 2 mm. wide, rounded, the lip swollen and
plaited in throat of corolla; stamens exserted 2.5 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla, the filaments flattened, glabrous toward tip, bearing a
few hairs about 0.1 mm. long, the anther cells attached to a flat
connective 0.5 mm. wide, slightly superposed, the upper cell 1 mm.
long, horizontally attached, the lower one slightly shorter, vertically
attached, sparingly hirtellous dorsally, the hairs about 0.11 mm. long;
capsules 4-seeded, slenderly clavate, 1 em. long, 4mm. broad, 1.75 mm.
thick, glabrate; retinacula 2 mm. long, slightly curved, the tip thin,
obtuse; seed ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick, truncate
or obtuse at tip, obliquely cordate at base, dark blackish brown,
verrucose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772277, collected at
Cisneros, in a thicket along the Rio Dagua, Department El Valle,
Colombia, 300 to 500 meters altitude, May 5, 1939, by E. P. Killip
(No. 35574). Also of this species are Haught’s No. 6383 (US),
collected at an irrigation canal take-off along the Rfo Saldafia, Depart-
ment of Tolima, altitude 400 meters, March 23, 1949, and Pérez-
Arbeliéez & Cuatrecasas’ No. 6372 (US), collected in woods at the
Hacienda Valparaiso, Zarzal, near Bugalagrande, Department El
Valle, 1,020 meters altitude, July 20, 1939.

Justicia infeliz is related to J. polygonoides H. B. K., but can be
separated by its relatively broader leaf blades, broader bracts, larger
calyces and corollas, and hirsute rachises. The specific epithet
refers to the nondescript, weedy appearance of the plant.

Haught’s plant was a very slender undershrub, 40 em. high, found
growing on igneous rocks where water often overflowed; the flowers
were purple with lighter lines. The color of the corolla of Kallip’s
collection is not stated.

9. Justicia pleurolarynx (Blake) Leonard
Dianthera pleurolarynz Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 51. 1918. Type
collected at Puerto Cabello, State of Carabobo, Venezuela, June 14, 1917, by
H. N. Curran & M. Haman (No. 1145).
Justicia pleurolarynz (Blake) Leonard, Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 561. 1953.
Branching herbs; stems subquadrangular, bifariously hirtellous,
the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.2 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, usually up to 4 cm. long (occasionally as much as
7 cm.) and 1.5 em. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself obtuse to
subacute), narrowed to rounded at base, moderately firm, entire,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 513

and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), curved, up to 0.32 mm. long, the cysto-
liths usually obscure; petioles 3 to 4 mm. long, hirtellous; spikes
solitary or in pairs, terminating the branches, rigid, straight or slightly
curved, up to 7 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, moderately dense, the ped-
uncles usually 0.5 to 2 cm. long, and rachis bifariously hirtellous;
bracts and bractlets subulate-acuminate, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. wide at base, sparingly hirtellous; calyx 4-parted, the segments
linear-subulate, 6 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide near base, sparingly to
rather densely hirtellous, the costa and a pair of lateral veins rather
prominent; corolla 9 mm. long, hirtellous, the tube 3.5 mm. long, the
hairs more or less spreading, up to 0.2 mm. long, the upper lip narrowly
ovate, entire, rounded, 2-lamellate within and pilose, the lower lip
deltoid, cuneate at base, the tip 3-lobed, the lobes short, rounded,
the palate plicate-lamellate, papillose; stamens about 3 mm. long, the
anther lobes rounded, obliquely attached to a relatively broad flattened
connective 2 mm. broad and about 0.5 mm. thick; capsule clavate,
10 mm. long, glabrous, 4-seeded; seeds ca. 1.7 mm. long, densely
papillose.

The specific epithet is from the Greek words rdevpa, rib, and Adpuyé,
throat, alluding to the plicate-lamellate lower lip of the corolla.

CuNDINAMARCA: Jerusalén, Pérez-Arbeldez 587 (US).

10. Justicia polygonoides H. B. K.

Justicia polyyonoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp, 2:232. 1817. Type collected
along the Cauca River between Popayén and Cartago, Colombia, by Hum-
boldt and Bonpland. Photograph US (Field Mus. No. 39429.)

Rhytiglossa polygonoides Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 353. 1847. Based on Jus-
ticia polygonoides H. B. K.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems ascending,
usually much branched, subquadrangular, hirtellous, the hairs more
or less curved, up to 0.75 mm. long, usually arranged in two rows;
leaf blades lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 cm. long and 4
cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute to
obtuse at base, bright green, moderately firm, entire, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (4 to 6 pairs) hirtellous, the
hairs curved, about 0.5 mm. long, the venation rather prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths more or less conspicuous under
a lens, up to 0.28 mm. long; petioles up to 10 mm. long, glabrous to
moderately hirtellous; spikes terminal and axillary, slender, rather
lax (the internodes about 5 mm. long), up to 14 cm. long and 5 mm.
broad, the peduncles slender, up to 15 mm. long, these and the rachises
puberulous in two lines; bracts subulate or narrowly lanceolate, 3.5
mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, narrowed into a slender tip, ciliate,
the costa prominent; bractlets subulate, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at
base, sparingly ciliate; calyx 4-parted, deeply segmented, rather

514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

sparingly hirtellous, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 5.5 to 7 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliate; corolla violet-pink or rose,
minutely hirtellous (the hairs about 0.1 mm. long, straight or slightly
curved), 11 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, enlarged to 1.75 mm.
at 2 mm. above base and again narrowed to 1.25 mm. at 5 mm. above
base, the throat 2.25 mm. broad, the upper lip erect, ovate, 5 mm. long,
2 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip cuneate, more or less spread-
ing, 5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, about
1.25 mm. long and wide, rounded; stamens exserted about 2 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla, the filaments glabrous, the anther
cells slightly superposed, the uppermost and larger cell 1.25 mm. long,
attached somewhat obliquely, the lower (0.75 mm. long) attached
vertically, both cells glabrous; capsules clavate, 1 cm. long, 3 mm.
broad, 1.5 mm. thick, the retinacula unguiform, 1.25 mm. long,
rounded and thin at tip; seeds (immature) suborbicular, flattened,
tuberculate.

Justicia polygonoides occurs at elevations between 75 and 1,400
meters. The leaf blades of Holton’s 594 are much wider than those of
typical specimens. Haught states that the leaves of his No. 4953
were red beneath.

Humboldt’s type had white flowers lined with violet and calyces
with 5 segments, In other respects both the description and photo-
graph of his type agree reasonably well with the material cited here.
Nees, in his description of Rhytiglossa polygonoides, states definitely
that the calyces are 4-parted, as they are in all of the specimens I
have seen. Since the bracts and calyx segments are quite similar
it would be easy to mistake the number of segments. The corollas
of the species are typically violet or pink.

J. polygonoides may be closely related to the Mexican J. breviflora,
a species usually with much larger flowers, broader leaf blades, and
larger heavier spikes.

Antioquia: Sandstone rocks along the Rio Mulatos where submerged rather
frequently, vicinity of Turbo, Haught 4953 (US).

Botivar: Forests of Boca Verde on the Rfo Sint, Pennell 4206, in part (NY).

Cauca: La Paila, Holton 594 (GH, NY).

CunpinaMArca: La Palma, along the road to Pacho by the Rfo Murea, Garcia-
Barriga 12381 (US).

Ex Vaue: Vicinity of Zaragoza, Cuatrecasas 22770 (US). Low forest east of
Zarzal, Pennell, Killip & Hazan 8414 (GH, NY).

Toiima: In pastures, Armero, Cuatrecasas 10524 (US).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY: Mutis 725 (US).

11. Justicia fuchsiifolia Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 191

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundis), plus
minusve bifariam hirtellis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel breviter acuminata,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 515

basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra, marginibus recurvatis,
utrinque plus minusve bullata, supra glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
hirtellis exceptis, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, subtus glabra vel in
costa et venis pubescens, cystolithis obscuris vel deficientibus; petioli
breves, hirtelli; paniculae terminales, laxae, floribus secundus, pedun-
culis et pedicellis (brevibus) quadrangularibus, pilosis vel hirtellis;
bracteae et bracteolae parvae, triangulares, acutae, ciliolatae; calyces
glabri vel apice parce puberuli, segmenta 3 posteriora adnata vel apice
plus minusve disjuncta, segmentum elliptico-ovatum acutum formantia,
segmenta 2 anteriora lanceolata, acuta; corolla aliquanto magna, flava,
puberula, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
erecto, bilobato, lobis triangularibus acutis, labio inferiore 3-lobato,
lobis ellipticis, obtusis, apiculatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis anthera-
rum leviter superpositis, lobo inferiore calcarato, filamentis glabris;
ovarium glabrum.

Suffrutescent, up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular with
rounded angles, hirtellous, the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.5
mm. long, more or less bifariously arranged; leaf blades oblong-ovate
or oblong-elliptic, up to 6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acute to short-
acuminate, narrowed at base to an obtusish lobulate base, rather firm,
entire, the margins recurved, the upper surface glabrous or nearly so
except the costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs), these moderately
hirtellous with mostly curved ascending hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,
the lower surface glabrous or the venation sparingly and finely
pubescent, both surfaces more or less bullate, the cystoliths obscure or
lacking; petioles up to 2 mm. long, hirtellous; flowers secund, borne
in terminal panicles of short loose racemes (up to 2 cm. long and broad),
the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, subquadrangular, pilose, the hairs
spreading or retrorse, up to 0.5 mm. long, whitish, the lowermost
internodes of the panicle about as long as the peduncles, the others
successively shorter toward the tip of the panicle, the pedicels 1
to 1.5 mm. long, more or less hirtellous; bracts triangular, 2 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliolate, the hairs about 0.5
mm. long; bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly narrower
and longer; calyx campanulate, about 13 mm. long, glabrous or
bearing a few hairs at tips of the segments, usually 3-parted, the
3 posterior segments adnate (except sometimes at tip) forming an
ovate-elliptic segment 6 mm. wide, this acute, the 2 anterior segments
separate nearly to base of calyx, lanceolate, 3 mm. wide near base,
acute; corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. long, yellow, puberulous, the tube 4 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 2 mm. at 5 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, ciliolate,
17 mm. long, the upper lip elliptic, 6 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes
triangular, acute, about 1 mm. long and broad, incurved, the lower

516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip 3-lobed, about 8 mm. wide near base of lobes, these elliptic, 4.5
mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, obtuse, apiculate; stamens exserted slightly
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anther lobes slightly
superposed, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, glabrous, the lower lobe
calcarate at base, the filaments glabrous; pistil reaching the tips of the
corolla lips; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Ficure 191.— Justicia fuchsitfolia Leonard (Cuatrecasas, Schultes §2 Smith 12511): a, Tip of
branch showing inflorescence and upper leaf blades; b, one of the lower stem leaves
(under surface); ¢, calyx; d, anther. (a, b, Natural size; ¢, slightly less than twice
natural size; d, 3 times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850755, collected in
woods between Alto del Loro and Alto de Santa Inés, Sarare Region,
Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, 1,800 to 2,200 meters
altitude, October 18-21, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas, R. E. Schultes &
E. Smith (No. 12511).

Kalbryer’s No. 1171 (K), collected in forest between Ocafia and
Pamplona, Department of Norte de Santander, is also of this species.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 517

The loose paniculate inflorescence of pedicelled yellow flowers, the
relatively large campanulate irregular calyces and the firm subbullate
leaf blades of Justicia fuchsiifolia mark it as an easily recognized
species. It apparently has no close relatives.

On his label Kalbreyer described the plant as a “‘soft-wooded shrub
3 to 6’; leaf stiff dark green; fl. yellow.”

12. Justicia neurochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 192

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
bifariam hirsutis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi
acuta vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra
glabra, subtus hirtella, pilis curvatis, cystolithis raris et obscuris,
venis vix prominentibus; petioli breves, hirtelli, pilis curvatis; spicae
terminales et laterales, bracteis imbricatis et quadrifariis, pedunculis
brevibus, aliquanto dense hirtellis, pilis curvatis, rhache hirtella, pilis
curvatis; bracteae virides, ovatae, subacutae, basi obtusae, supra
glabrae, subtus puberulae, pilis curvatis, marginibus ciliatis, costa et
venis lateralibus et venulis reticulatis prominentibus; bracteolae
virides, oblongo-lanceolatae, utrinque acutae, supra glabrae, subtus
puberulae; calyx parvus, tubo anguste alato, segmentis anguste
lanceolatis (apicem gracilibus), subhyalinis, hirtellis et ciliolatis,
segmento postcriore subulato, parvo, costa prominente; corolla alba,
basi glabra, sursum parce hirtella labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo, acuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, cuneiformi,
3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis gracilibus,
subhyalinis, lobis antherarum obliquis, glabris; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 60 cm. high, erect or ascending, stems subquadrangular,
hirsute in two lines, the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.48 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide,
acute to short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), rounded or acute at
base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
the lower moderately hirtellous with curved hairs up to 0.16 mm.
long, the cystoliths usually scattered and obscure, the venation scarcely
prominent (lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs) but more so beneath than above;
petioles 3 to 10 cm. long, hirtellous with curved hairs; spikes terminal
and lateral, 2 to 5 cm. long, 8 to 10 mm. broad, the bracts imbricate
and quadrifarious, the peduncles about 5 mm. long, rather densely
hirtellous with curved hairs, the rachis hirtellous with hairs 0.2 mm.
long; bracts imbricate, green, and ovate, about 10 mm. long, 5 mm.
wide, subacute, obtuse at base, the upper surface glabrous, the lower
moderately puberulous with curved hairs about 0.1 mm. long, the
margins ciliate with straight or curved hairs up to 0.76 mm. long, the
costa, lateral veins (5 pairs), and coarsely reticulated veinlets promi-

518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

nent, especially on the upper surface where not obscured by the pubes-
cence; bractlets green, oblong-lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
acute at both ends, the pubescence and venation that of the bracts;
calyx 5 mm. long, the posterior segment subulate, about half as long as
the other 4, the calyx tube glabrous, triangular in cross section, the
angles narrowly winged, the segments narrowly lanceolate, subhyaline,
moderately hirtellous and ciliolate, the hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, the

Ficure 192,— Justicia neurochlamys Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 14096): a, Tip of plant to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, a hair from stem; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; e, calyx; f, calyx
segment; g, anther. (a, Natural size; b, about 40 times natural size; c, d, 214 times
natural size; ¢, twice natural size; f, 5 times natural size; g, 13 times natural size.)

costa prominent; corolla delicate, white, 12 mm. long, glabrous below,
the upper portion sparingly hirtellous with hairs about 0.8 mm. long,
the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 1.75 mm. broad at 2 mm. above base,
narrowed 1 mm. at middle, the throat 2 mm. broad, the lips subequal,
4 mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblong, 0.75 mm. wide, acute, the lower
lip more or less spreading, cuneiform, 3 mm. wide near base of lobes,
the lobes about 3 mm. long, the middle one about 2 mm. wide, the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 519

lateral ones 1 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted 2.5 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments slender, subhya-
line, the anther cells obliquely attached to a flattened connective
about 0.25 mm. wide, the upper cell 0.75 mm. long, the lower slightly
shorter, both glabrous, the pistil equalling the stamens, slender and
glabrous; ovary glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2057245, collected at
Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between the Rios Kananari and Pacoa,
Intendencia of Amazonas, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, December
15-19, 1951, by H. Garcfa-Barriga (No. 14096).

Garcfa-Barriga’s 13653 (Col), collected at Lagunas del Churuco, on
the Rio Apaporis, Amazonas—Vaupés, Colombia, 280 meters altitude,
November 22, 1951, is also of this species.

Justicia neurochlamys resembles and is probably very closely related
to J. chlorostachya Leonard. However, the former can be readily
recognized by the delicate white corollas and by the puberulous upper
surface of the bracts. The corollas of J. chlorostachya are pink or
pale violet and the bracts are essentially glabrous on both surfaces.
The specific epithet is from the Greek, vcipor, nerve, and xAayts, bract
13. Justicia rhodoides Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 193

Herba, caulibus ramosis, plus minusve patulis, subquadrangularibus,
obscure sulcatis (sulcis viridibus), aliquanto dense puberulis, pilis
varie curvatis, albis, cystolithis parallelis, subinde cum pilis obscuratis;
lamina foliorum ovata, apice acuta vel subobtusa, basi rotundata vel
obtusa, aliquanto firma, undulata, supra glabra vel parce hirsuta, in
costa et venis aliquanto hirsuta, subtus plus minusve hirsuta, cystoli-
this utrinque conspicuis; petioli graciles, breves, hirsuti; flores axil-
lares, solitarii vel in spicis parvis praediti, pedunculis brevibus et
rhachibus puberulis; bracteae subulatae parvae, extus puberulae,
intus glabrae, costa aliquanto prominente; calycis segmenta 5, in-
aequalia, 1 minutissima, subulata, 4 maiora anguste lanceolata,
omnes graciliter acuta, puberula; corolla aliquanto parva, rosea,
puberula, pilis fere patulis, tubo corollae cylindrico, basi expanso,
lobis corollae ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra,
lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, basi obtusis; capsulae clavatae,
aliquanto dense puberulae, pilis patulis vel basi retrorsis; retinacula
late cucullata, apice rotundata; semina suborbiculata, plana, muricata.

Herbs up to 50 cm. high, branched and more or less spreading;
stems subquadrangular, faintly sulcate (sulci green), rather densely
puberulous, the hairs variously curved, up to 0.35 mm. long, white,
the cystoliths parallel and, if not concealed by the hairs, conspicuous;
leaf blades ovate, up to 4 cm. long and 2.3 cm. wide, gradually nar-
rowed from near base to an acute or subobtuse tip, obtuse or rounded
at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, undulate,

520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

drying green, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute (the
hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long) except the costa and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs), these moderately hirsute, the lower surface similar
to the upper except slightly more hirsute, the venation of both surfaces
moderately conspicuous, the cystoliths prominent, up to 0.2 mm.
long; petioles slender, up to 4 mm. long, hirsute; flowers sessile in the
axils of the leaves or borne in small axillary spikes up to 1 cm. long,

Figure 193.— Justicia rhodoides Leonard (a-e, h, Smith 1358, collected Nov. 29; f, g, Smith
1358, collected June 6): a, Tip of plant; b, portion of stem enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; c, portion of the under side of a leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; d, bract; ¢, calyx; f, corolla; g, anther; h, capsule valve. (a, Natural
size; b, 6 times natural size; ¢, 5 times natural size; d, 8 times natural size; ¢, 7 times
natural size; f, A, 3 times natural size; g, 9 times natural size.)

the peduncles up to 2 mm. long, slender and like the rachis puberulous;
bracts subulate, up to 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base, the
outer surface puberulous, the inner glabrous; bractlets similar but
smaller; calyx deeply segmented, the segments 5, subulate, 4 large
and one small, the larger ones 3.5 to 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at
base, the small one 1 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide at base, all gradually
narrowed to a slender tip and puberulous; corolla 12 mm. long, rosy,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 521

puberulous, the hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.2 mm. long, the
corolla tube slender, tubular, 0.75 mm. in diameter, abruptly expanded
at base to 2.5 mm., the lips ovate, about 4 mm. long, probably about
1.25 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens barely exserted, about 3 mm.
long, glabrous, the anther lobes slightly superposed, one 1.25 mm.
long, the other, 0.75 mm. long, both blunt at base; capsules clavate,
up to 9 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad and about 0.75 mm. thick, rather
densely puberulous, the hairs spreading or, towards base of the capsule,
retrorsely ascending, up to 0.17 mm. long; retinacula about 1 mm.
long, broadly cucullate, rounded at tip; seeds suborbicular, flattened,
muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 703897, collected in dry
forest 3 to 5 miles north of Bonda, Santa Marta Mountains, Depart-
ment of Magdalena, Colombia, 100 to 300 feet altitude, November 29,
1898, by Herbert H. Smith (No. 1358). Isotypes: PH, NY,S.

One specimen of the type number was collected June 6 (NY),
presumably in the vicinity of Bonda.

Justicia rhodoides resembles and is probably very closely related to
the West Indian J. sessilis Jacq. That species has, however, sparingly
glandular puberulous or essentially glabrous capsules and the calyx
segments, usually 4 in number, are much less puberulous, becoming,
in fact, glabrate at maturity.

Smith states that this plant was common in the locality where he
collected it, but not in good flowering condition at the time. His
specimen collected in June bears several corollas, but unfortunately
these were ruined in the process of gluing, rendering dissection im-
possible; consequently, the corolla lobes and lips could not be de-
scribed. The specific epithet is from the Greek word podoedys,
meaning rosy, in allusion to the color of the flowers.

14. Justicia daidalea Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 194

Herba ascendens, caulibus quadrangularibus, aliquanto dense
puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel
elliptica vel ovata, apice rotundata vel late obtusa, basi acuta, vel
obtusa vel subcordata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra glabra, viridi-
maculosa, subtus hirsuta, pilis curvatis, ascendentibus, praecipue in
costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus positis, cystolithis prominenti-
bus; petioli aliquanto breves et crassi, hirsuti; spicae terminales,
simplices vel basi furcatae, pedunculis et rhachibus retrorse hirsutis;
bracteae parvae, triangulares, acute, glabrae vel in costa prominente
hirsutae; bracteolae parvae, lanceolatae, acutae; calycis segmenta
anguste lanceolata, plus minusve glabra, costa et marginibus ciliata;
corolla parva, parce pubescens, punicea, tubo subcylindrico, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, labio inferiore

388179—57-——14

522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

patulo, trilobato, lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta,
glabra, lobis antherearum valde superpositis, lobo inferiore calcarato;
capsulae clavatae, hirtellae, pilis patulis vel retorsis; retinacula leviter
curvata, apice plana et truncata; semina (immatura) subbrunnea,
plana, subcordata, leviter tuberculata.

Ficure 194.—Justicia daidalea Leonard (Haught 1603): a, Tip of plant showing leaf and
lower part of inflorescence; b, node of inflorescence showing bracts, bractlets and calyx;
¢, bract; d, one of the calyx segments; ¢, anther. (a, Natural size; b, about 24 times
natural size; c, d, 8 times natural size; ¢, 10 times natural size.)

Trailing or ascendent herbs up to 30 cm. high, rather densely
puberulous with retrorsely recurved hairs up to 0.28 mm. long, these
septate, the internodes up to 5 cm. long and 2 mm. thick, quad-
rangular; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to elliptic or obovate, up to 9 cm.
long and 5.5 cm. wide, rounded or broadly obtuse at tip, acute to

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 523

obtuse or slightly cordate at base, moderately firm, entire, the upper
surface glabrous, mottled green, the cystoliths prominent, up to 0.28
mm. long, the lower surface hirsute, the hairs curved, ascending, up
to 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (6 or 7
pairs), these prominent on both surfaces but more so beneath than
above, the cystoliths prominent; petioles rather stout, up to 1.5 mm.
long, hirsute; flowers borne in simple terminal lax spikes up to 18 cm.
long, these sometimes branched, bearing a pair of lateral spikes near
the base, the peduncles up to 5 cm. long, retrorsely hirsute, the
pubescence that of the stems, the lowermost internodes of the spikes
up to 3.5 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip
of the spikes, hirsute like the stems and peduncles; bracts triangular,
3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acute, mostly glabrous except the
costa, this stout and more or less hirsute; bractlets lanceolate, about
3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, acute; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, deeply
segmented, the segments 5, narrowly lanceolate, four of these 5 mm.
long and 0.75 mm. wide at base, the other 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide at base, all glabrous except the costa and margins, these hirtellous
and ciliate with hairs about 0.2 mm. long; corolla pink, rather sparingly
hirtellous, 10 to 12 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, 1.5 mm. broad
at base, 2 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, 6 mm. long, the
upper lip erect, narrowly ovate, about 2 mm. wide, the lower lip
spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, about 2 mm. wide, rounded;
stamens reaching the tip of the upper corolla lip, glabrous, the lobes
superposed, the upper lobe separated about 0.5 mm. from the lower
by the connective, rounded at base, the lower lobe strongly calcarate,
both lobes about 0.75 mm. long; capsules clavate, about 1 cm. long,
3 mm. broad and 1.5 mm. thick, hirtellous, the hairs spreading or
retrorse, septate, about 0.1 mm. long; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, slightly
curved, the tip thin and truncate; seed (immature) brownish, about
2mm. long and broad, faintly tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1661602, collected at
Camp Puente, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja, in the Magdalena
Valley between the Rios Sogomoso and Colorado, Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 500 meters altitude, February 27, 1935,
by Oscar Haught (No. 1581).

Haught’s No. 1603, collected in the Carare Valley in the vicinity
of Puerto Berrio, between the Rfos Carare and Magdalena, Santander,
100 to 700 meters altitude, March 25, 1935, is also of this species.

Justicia daidalea is very closely related to Justicia steyermarkiit
Leonard, comb. nov. (Beloperone steyermarkii Leonard, Fieldiana 28:
555. 1953) from Venezuela (type collected in Yaracuy). Justicia
steyermarkii is a smaller plant, not exceeding 18 cm. in height; its
leaves are thinner, with no indication of the white mottling so promi-

524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

nent in J. daidalea; the inflorescence is much smaller in all parts,
the spikes rarely exceeding 4 cm. in length; and the corollas are purple
instead of pink.

No dissection could be made of the few corollas present on the
specimens cited to show whether the upper lip was lobed or entire.
The specific epithet is from the Greek 5a:5éXeos, curiously wrought or
variegated, in allusion to the handsome mottled leaves.

15. Justicia aéthes Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 195

Suffrutex humilis, dense ramosus, caulibus subquadrangularibus vel
deorsum teretibus, puberulis, pilis valde recurvatis; lamina foliorum
ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, integra, aliquanto tenuis, supra viridis (sicca), glabra
vel subglabra, costa parce hirtella, subtus cano-viridis (sicca), puber-
ula, cystolithis pluribus et sub lente conspicuis; petioli graciles, parce
puberuli; spicae solitariae ramos terminantes, aliquanto laxae, ped-
unculis quadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis curvatis; bracteae et
bracteolae similes et subaequales, subulatae, puberulae, ciliolatae;
calycis segmenta 5, subulata, segmentum anterius reductum, puberula,
ciliolata, costa prominente; corolla (immatura) pallido- purpurea, basi
glabra, sursum puberula, labiis subacqualibus, labio superiore ovato,
rotundato, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo, inferiore
recto, filamentis glabris; capsulae clavatae, parce puberulae ; semina
plana, suborbicularia, nigra, muricata.

Low, densely branched shrubs up to 60 em. high; stems subquadran-
gular, or the lower portions terete, puberulous, the hairs strongly
recurved, about 0.1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 8 em. long, 1.3
to 3 cm. wide, short-acuminate or acute, narrowed at base and de-
current on the petiole, entire, rather thin, the upper surface drying
green, glabrous or nearly so or the costa sparingly hirtellous, the lower
surface gray green, puberulous, the hairs up to 0.11 mm. long, ascend-
ing or those of the costa somewhat longer, the venation faint but
more prominent beneath than above, the cystoliths numerous and
conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.28 mm. long; petioles slender, 5 to
13 mm. long; spikes solitary, terminating the branches, 3 to 6 cm.
long, about 5 mm. thick, the internodes 2 to 4 mm. thick, the peduncle
5 or 6 mm. long, quadrangular, puberulous with curved hairs; bracts
and bractlets similar and subequal, subulate, 4 mm. long, about 1
mm. wide at base, puberulous, ciliolate, the costa prominent; calyx
segments 5, subulate, 4 of them 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
the anterior segment rudimentary, 1.5 mm. long, all puberulous and
ciliolate, the costa prominent; corolla (immature) 8 mm. long, light
purple, puberulous except the lower glabrous portion, the lips sub-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 525

equal, 4 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, rounded, the lower 3-lobed,
the lobes rounded; stamens barely exserted, the anthers superposed,
0.75 mm. long, the upper one obliquely attached to a flattened con-
nective 0.25 mm. wide, the lower vertically attached, the filaments
glabrous; capsules clavate, sparingly puberulous, 7 mm. long, 2 mm.
broad, 1 mm. thick; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, thin and rounded at
tip; seed flattened, suborbicular, black, muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1709421, collected
along stream in dense forest along the Caiio Blanco, 7 km. southeast

Ficure 195.—Justicia aéthes Leonard (Haught 3632): a, Tip of branch showing leaves and
inflorescence; b, section of stem to show pubescence; c, calyx; d, bract; e, bractlet; f,
tip of calyx segment to show hairs; g, anther; A, valve of capsule. (a, Natural size;
b, 344 times natural size; ce, 3 times natural size; f, 8 times natural size; g, 6 times
natural size; h, 2}4 times natural size.)

of Rio La Jagua, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 200 to 300
meters altitude, August 21, 1943, by Oscar Haught (No. 3632).
Justicia aéthes, though closely related to J. polygonoides, can be
easily recognized by its puberulous stems, leaves, and spikes and by
the peculiar rudimentary anterior calyx lobe. The specific epithet is
from the greek 47@ns, peculiar.
16. Justicia chrysocoma Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 196
Frutex erectus, ramosus, caulibus crassis, subquadrangularibus,
late 4-sulcatis, dense hirtellis vel subtomentosis, pilis aureis, curvatis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata

526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

(apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, aliquando firma, integra vel
undulata, supra dense hirtella, pilis curvatis, septatis, fulvis, cysto-
lithis utrinque parvis, obscuris, subtus dense et molliter subtomentosa,
pilis aureis, curvatis, costa et venis prominentibus; petioli dense
tomentosi, pilis aureis; paniculae terminales, pedunculis crassis et
internodiis panicularum dense hirtellis vel subtomentosis, pilis aureis,
curvatis, ramis panicularum ascendentibus, floribus et bracteis
secundis, densis; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, acutae vel subacutae,
subhyalinae, saepe roseae, extus puberulae, intus glabrae; bracteolae
lanceolatae, subacutae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, intus
glabra, extus puberula, costa et venis obscuris; corolla rosea, pubescens,
basi glabra, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, ovato,
integro, obtuso, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, filamentis planis, glabris vel deorsum parce hirtellis,
lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, subparallelis, lobo inferiore
calcarato; capsulae clavatae, tenuiter hirtellae; retinacula apice
truncata; semina plana, papillosa.

Slender erect, much-branched shrubs up to 6 meters high; stesm
stout, obtusely quadrangular, broadly 4-sulcate, densely hirtellous
or subtomentose, the hairs golden yellow, variously curved, up to
0.75 mm. long; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, up to 25 cm. long
and 12 cm. wide, acute to subacuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute
to obtuse at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate; the upper
surface moderately to rather densely hirtellous, the hairs yellowish,
septate, curved, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (14 or
15 pairs) prominent but less so than those of the lower surface, the
cystoliths minute (about 0.2 mm. long) and obscure on both surfaces,
the lower surface densely and softly subtomentose with golden yellow
curved hairs up to 0.75 mm. long; petioles up to 8 cm. long, densely
golden yellow tomentose or at least the channels so; panicles terminal
sometimes with branches in the axils of the upper leaf blades, usually
10 to 20 em. long and 6 to 8 cm. broad, more or less narrowed to tip;
peduncles stout, these and the internodes of the inflorescence golden
brown hirtellous or subtomentose, the lowermost nodes of the inflor-
escence producing small leaf blades, the branches of the inflorescence
ascending, bearing crowded more or less secund flowers and bracts;
bracts subtending the flowers oblong-ovate, up to 12 mm. long and
5 mm. wide, acute or subacute, narrowed to 2 mm. at base, thin,
subhyaline, usually pink, puberulous without (the hairs up to 175
long), glabrous within, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves predom-
inating; bractlets lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, subacute, in
other respects similar to the bracts; calyx 8 to 12 mm. long, deeply
segmented, the segments lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, acute, the
inner surface glabrous, the outer puberulous with papilliform hairs,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 527

the costa and lateral nerves obscure; corolla pink or light red, mod-
erately and finely pubescent except the glabrous basal portion (the
hairs up to 128 long, the pointed ones intermixed with a few stouter

A

ae ii
tag
eel

5 x
ai Rar AD tite.
TSE

> eo

Figure 196.—Justicia chrysocoma Leonard, a-g (Killip (9 Smith 16797) and Justicta rohris
Vahl, h-m (Killip t? Smith 21100): a, Tip of plant showing inflorescence and leaves;
b, bract; c, bractlet; d, calyx; ¢, pubescence from margin of bract; f, corolla; g, anther;
h, bract; i, bractlet; 7, calyx; &, pubescence from margin of bract; /, corolla; m, anther.
i(a, Half natural size; b-d, h-j, twice natural size; ¢, 12 times natural size; f, /, natura
sze; g, 344 times natural size; k, 10 times natural size; m, 3 times natural size.)

glandular ones), up to 35 mm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base,
enlarged to 4 mm. and reduced to 3 mm. at 4 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 4 or 5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, 12 to

528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

15 mm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, about 8 mm. wide at base,
obtuse at tip, the lower lip strongly recurved, about 5 mm. wide near
tip, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 3 to 5 mm. long, obtuse or rounded, the
middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones slightly narrower; stamens
exserted, reaching tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the filaments
flat, adnate to the corolla tube about 5 mm. below its mouth, glabrous
or bearing a few minute hairs near base, the anther lobes slightly
superposed, nearly parallel, 2mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the lower
cell ending in a blunt whitish tail about 0.5 mm. long and 0.25 mm.
broad ; pistil slightly shorter than the stamens, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous; capsules clavate, 15 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick,
finely hirtellous, the hairs about 125y long, those at the tip spreading,
the others retrorse; retinacula 2 mm. long, flat and truncate at tip;
seeds suborbicular, flattened, about 2.5 mm. broad and long, strongly
papillose.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1352491, collected in
a thicket between Surata and California, Department of Santander,
Colombia, 1,740 to 2,000 meters altitude, January 8-11, 1927, by
K. P. Killip & Albert C. Smith (No. 16797). Isotypes: GH, NY.

MAGDALENA: Forest near stream above Manaure, 800 meters altitude, Haught
3947 (US). Cincinati, Giacometto 80 (US).

SANTANDER: Woods between El Roble and Toma, 1,500 to 1,900 meters,
Killip & Smith 19391 (GH, NY, US). Thicket in the Rfo Suraté Valley,
between El Jaboncillo and Suratdé, 1,500 to 1,800 meters altitude, Killip &
Smith 16462 (GH, NY, US).

Justicia chrysocoma is closely related to J. rohrit, the inflorescences
of the two species being quite similar in general appearance. Several
striking differences exist, however. In J. chrysocoma, the leaf blades,
especially on the lower surface, the petioles, stems, and internodes
of the inflorescence are densely subtomentose with golden hairs,
the bracts, bractlets, and calyces, as well as the internodes of the
inflorescence, bear no patelliform hairs, and the corollas are pink or
red. On the other hand, in J. rohrii the stems are minutely puber-
ulous, the leaves are almost, if not entirely, glabrous, the bracts,
bractlets, and calyces, as well as the internodes of the inflorescence,
bear, in addition to the pointed hairs, some terminating in large
patelliform glands, and the corollas are white or yellowish. There
is also a marked difference in size. The plants of J. rohrii rarely
exceed 2 meters in height, whereas those of J. chrysocoma may reach
as much as 6 meters.

The characters delineating J. chrysocoma are not so well marked
in Haught’s No. 3947. A fair percentage of the hairs of the inflores-
cence is patelliform, and the tomentum is neither so dense nor of so

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 529

golden a yellow as in typical specimens. Haught’s plant seems to
be intermediate between J. chrysocoma and J. rohrii.

The specific epithet, chrysocoma, is from the Greek xpvadkopos,
golden-haired.

17. Justicia chrysea Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 197

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis) deorsum
retrorse puberulis vel glabratis, pilis curvatis, sursum hirsutis, pilis
rectis vel leviter curvatis, patulis vel plus minusve retrorsis, fulvis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel breviter
acuminata, basi obtusa vel acuta, aliquanto firma, integra, supra
hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus vel subappressis, fulvis, subtus hirsuta,
pilis praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis, cystolithis
supra minutis et inconspicuis, subtus pluribus et conspicuis; petioli
hirsuti; rami apice dense aureo-hirsuti, pilis patulis, longis; pedunculi
terminales, solitarii, quadrangulares, dense aureo-hirsuti, apice furcati;
spicae solitariae vel plures, rhachibus et pedunculis dense hirsutis;
bracteae firmae, lanceolatae, acutae, glabrae vel apice parce hirsutae,
marginibus dense ciliatis, pilis fulvis, longis, costa prominente; brac-
teae firmae, subulatae, carinatae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta anguste
triangularia, graciliter acuta, sursum ciliata; corolla pallide lilacina,
deorsum glabra, sursum hirsuta, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
triangulo-ovato, acuto, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis parvis, rotund-
atis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, glabris,
suberectis, lobo inferiore basi calcarato; capsulae (immaturae) clav-
atae, sursum puberulae, deorsum glabrae; retinacula leviter curvata,
apice anguste cucullata.

Herbs; stems subquadrangular with rounded angles, the lower parts
retrorsely puberulous or glabrate, the hairs curved, about 0.1 mm.
long, the upper portions hirsute, the hairs straight or slightly curved,
spreading or more or less retrorse, yellowish brown, up to 1.5 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 10.5 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself subacute),
obtuse or acute at base, moderately firm, entire, the upper surface
moderately hirsute, the hairs ascending or subappressed, up to 1.5
mm. long, yellowish brown, the lower surface hirsute, the hairs densest
on costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs), these prominent beneath,
less so above, the hairs similar to those of the upper surface, the
cystoliths minute and obscure on the upper surface, more numerous
and conspicuous on the lower surface; petioles up to 3 cm. long, those
of the upper leaves more or less densely hirsute, those of the lower
leaves glabrate or puberulous, the tip of the branches densely golden
hirsute, the hairs mostly spreading and up to 1.5 mm. long; peduncles
terminal, solitary, up to 7 cm. long, quadrangular, densely hirsute

530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

with golden spreading or slightly retrorse hairs up to 1.5 mm. long,
branching at tip and producing 1 to several spikes up to 5 cm. long
and 8 mm. broad, the rachis, like the peduncles, densely hirsute;
bracts firm, lanceolate, 8 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, gradually nar-

Ficure 197.—Justicia chrysea Leonard (Cuatrecasas 13731): a, Tip of plant showing in-
florescence and leaves; b, bract; ¢, one of a pair of bractlets and the calyx; d, hairs on
margin of bractlet; e, anther. (a, Natural size; b, c, 4 times natural size; d, 26 times
natural size; ¢, 8 times natural size.)

rowed from below middle to an acute tip, glabrous or sparingly hirsute
dorsally except the margins, these rather densely ciliate, the hairs
mostly ascending, those near base up to 1.5 mm. long, the others
about 0.75 mm. long, all yellowish brown, the costa broad, low but
prominent, flanked by 2 pairs of marginal nerves; bractlets firm,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 531

subulate, 6 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, carinate, ciliate, the hairs
spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx 5.5 mm. long, the
tube glabrous, the segments narrowly triangular, 0.75 mm. wide at
base, gradually narrowed from base to a slender tip, the lower portion
glabrous, the upper ciliate, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; corolla (am-
mature) light lilac, about 6 mm. long, the lower portion glabrous,
hirsute above, the lips rather densely so, the upper lip triangular-
ovate, acute, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm. long,
rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the subequal lips, the lobes super-
posed, about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, glabrous, the cells sub-
vertically attached to the connective, the lower cell calcarate at base,
the tail about 0.25 mm. long, blunt and whitish, the style about as
long as the stamens, the stigma minute; capsule (immature) about
1 em. long, clavate, the upper half moderately puberulous, the lower
solid stipate portion glabrous; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the tip slightly
curved, narrowly cucullate; seed not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852681, collected in
the valley of the Rio Anchicayé, Quebrada del Danubio, Department
of El Valle, Colombia, 300 to 350 meters altitude, December 20,
1942, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 13731).

Justicia chrysea should be readily recognizable because of the dense
golden stiffish hairs, especially those clothing the branchlets. The
specific epithet is from the Greek word, xpiceos, golden.

18. Justicia chaetocephala (Mildbr.) Leonard, comb. nov.

Beloperone chaetocephala Mildbr. Notizblatt Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 70. 1930.
Type in the Berlin Herbarium, collected at La Portada, Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, December 23,
1926, by Arnold Schultze, No. 679. Photograph US (Field Mus. No. 8925).
Name is from xalrn, hair, and xepadn, head.

Slender, sometimes half scandent shrubs up to 1.5 meters high;
stems subquadrangular, 4-sulcate, glabrous to moderately puberulous,
the hairs curved, subappressed, about 0.25 mm. long; internodes 1 to
9 em. long; leaf blades elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 12 cm. long,
1 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute to obtuse at base, moderately firm,
entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or the costa puberulous,
the cystoliths numerous and conspicuous under a lens, the lower sur-
face more or less minutely punctate, sparingly to moderately puberu-
lous, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, spreading or ascending, the cys-
toliths usually less conspicuous than above, the costa and lateral veins
(5 to 7 pairs) more prominent than above; petioles rather slender, up to
3 cm. long, puberulous; flowers borne in crowded terminal subcapitate
corymbs; lower bracts usually foliaceous, lanceolate, about 2 cm. long
and 5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate; upper bracts linear-filiform, up
to 4 cm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, more or less triangular in cross

532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

section, rather densely hirtellous, the hairs ascending, 0.5 mm. long,
sometimes a few additional gland-tipped hairs present; bractlets
similar but slightly shorter; calyx up to 13 mm. long, deeply seg-
mented, the segments lanceolate, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, acuminate, rather
sparingly hirtellous and ciliate, the hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm.
long; corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. long, bright red, scarlet or pink, sparingly
glandular-pubescent, the hairs 75 to 150u long, the tube 2.5 cm. long,
3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 2.5 mm.,
thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect,
lance-ovate, 2.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide near base, bidentate at tip, the
lobes 1 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, spreading from a rounded sinus, the
lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, about 2 cm. long, the lobes obovate,
subequal, about 1 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens
exserted about 12 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments
glabrous; anther cells widely divergent, slightly superposed, the upper
cell horizontal, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, muticous at base, the lower
cell 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, the basal spur white, blunt, 0.3 mm.
long, the connective about 1 mm. broad; pistil exserted 1 em. beyond
mouth of corolla tube, glabrous; ovary glabrous.

Endemic. Limited to damp forests or thickets of Magdalena.
Haught’s No. 3716 was collected at 300 meters altitude. Vageler’s
No. 22, a paratype probably in the Berlin Herbarium, was cited by
Mildbraed. This was collected in a forest at Banco, Department of
Magdalena.

MacpatENna: Road to east from Becerril, about 60 km. northeast of Chiriguana,
Haught 2302 (US). Forest of Cerro Chimichagua, about 4 km. north of Chimi-
chagua, Haught 2360 (US). Damp forest near Codazzi, Haught 3716 (US).
Forests near La Jagua, 40 km. northeast of Chiriguand, Cyril Allen 628 (GH);
Haught 2283 (US); Haught 3645 (US). Bushland, lower Magdalena, Dawe 440
K, US).

Wareoun LOCALITY: Mutts 3904 (US).

19. Justicia croceochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 198

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
sursum bifariam strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, subacuta
vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata et in
petiolum decurrens, firma, undulata, glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus; petioli glabri; thyrsus terminalis, subhelicoideus,
pedunculis et internodiis inflorescentiae quadrangularibus, bifariam et
retrorse hirsutis; bracteae infimae foliaceae; bracteae cymas subten-
dentes graciliter lanceolatae, glabrae vel parce hirsutae; bracteae flores
subtendentes filiformes, longae, flavae, graciliter striatae, parce ciliatae;
bracteolae bracteis similes sed longiores; calycis segmenta flava,
lanceolata, graciliter acuta, striata, ciliata; corolla longa, alba, parce
glanduloso-pubescens, tubo subcylindrico, intus basi dense hirsuto,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 533

labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice
emarginato, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ob-
longis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, in labio antico corollae
declinata, lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo,
inferiore fere recto, basi calcarato; ovarium glabrum.

Ficure 198.— Justicia croceochlamys Leonard (Cuatrecasas 7383): a, Tip of plant to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) in detail to show
venation; c, bract and bractlets; d, one of the calyx segments; ¢, anther. (a, b, Natural
size; c, d, 244 times natural size; ¢, about 3 times natural size.)

Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 70 cm. high; stems subquad-
rangular, the angles rounded, glabrous or the tips bifariously strigose,
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 25 cm.
long and 7 cm. wide, subacute to short-acuminate (the tip itself

534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

blunt), narrowed to base and decurrent on the petiole, firm, undulate,
glabrous, the costa, lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) and veinlets prominent,
but more so beneath than above; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous;
flowers borne in terminal subhelicoid thyrsi up to 7 em. long and 5 cm.
wide, the peduncles about 1 cm. long, these and the internodes of the
inflorescence (the lowermost 1 cm. long, the others successively
shorter) quadrangular, enlarging at tip, bifariously and retrorscly
hirsute, the hairs about 0.75 mm. long, whitish; bracts subtending
the lowermost cymes leaflike, about 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
those subtending the cymes slenderly lanceolate, up to 4 cm. long and
2.5 mm. wide, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, those subtending the
flowers filiform, up to 3 cm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, yellow, finely
striate, sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; bractlets
similar to the bracts but somewhat longer; calyx yellow, 18 mm. long,
the tube about 1 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, about 2 mm.
wide, gradually narrowed from below middle to a slender tip, finely
striate, ciliate, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long; corollas about 4 em.
long, rather sparingly glandular-pubescent without, white, the tube
subcylindrical, about 8 mm. broad at mouth and 5 mm. at base,
slightly narrowed at about 5 mm. above base, densely hirsute within
at base, the lips subequal, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 6 mm.
wide near base, emarginate at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading,
3-lobed nearly to the base, the lobes oblong, about 4 mm. wide,
rounded at tip; stamens almost reaching the tip of the upper lip of the
corolla, the anther lobes slightly superposed, the upper lobe obliquely
attached, 4 mm. long, the lower nearly vertical, about 5 mm. long,
calcarate, the tail 0.5 mm. long, both lobes pilose dorsally; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1774448, collected in
woods at San José del Guaviare, Cafio Grande, Comisarfa del Vaupés,
Colombia, 240 meters altitude, November 2, 1939, by J. Cuatrecasas
(No. 7383).

Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez’ No. 1579 (BM, US), collected in
dense humid forest along the Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena,
Intendencia del Meta, 450 meters altitude, November 26, 1949,
is also of this species.

The relatively long and very slender yellow flower bracts serve
to distinguish Justicia croceochlamys, which apparently has no close
relative in Colombia. The specific epithet is from the Greek xpdxeos,
yellow, and xdapbs, bract.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 535

20. Justicia bracteosa (Mildbr.) Leonard, comb. nov.

Beloperone bracteosa Mildbr. Notizblatt Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 69. 1930.
Type in the Berlin Herbarium, collected at Aracataca, at the southern base
of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, Colombia,
50 meters altitude, December 17, 1925, by Arnold Schultze (No. 234).
Photograph US (Field Mus. No. 8923). The specific epithet, bracteosa,
alludes to the conspicuous bracts.

Erect, sparingly branched leafy shrubs up to 2.5 meters high; stems
quadrangular, glabrous or finely puberulous, 4-sulcate (herbarium
material), the internodes 1.5 to 8 cm. long and 4 to 6 mm. in diameter;
leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 28 cm. long and 12 cm. wide, acumi-
nate, acute or the larger leaves obtuse at base, moderately firm, entire
or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or minutely appressed pub-
erulous, the hairs 0.25 mm. long, the lower surface glabrous or nearly
so, the cystoliths of both surfaces obscure, 125 to 150 long, the
costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) prominent beneath, less so
above; petioles 2 to 5 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous,
1.5 to 2 mm. broad; inflorescence a dense ovoid-cylindrical panicle
up to 30 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, usually acute at tip, one or more
of the lateral stem branches often bearing smaller panicles; bracts
conspicuous, greenish white, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, up to 4 cm.
long, 5 to 6 mm. wide near base, filiform-acuminate, narrowed at base,
thin, entire, finely; pubescent and; ciliate, the hairs white, ascending,
about 0.5 mm. long, the costa rather prominent, the lateral veins
obscure; bractlets similar to the bracts but somewhat narrower and
shorter; calyx about 10 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments
lanceolate, 7 to 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acuminate, thin, greenish-
white, softly and rather densely pubescent, except the glabrous
basal portion, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm. long; corolla lemon-
yellow (Pennell), 25 to 33 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base,
abruptly contracted to 1.5 mm. at 2.5 mm. above base, thence grad-
ually enlarged to 4 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, narrowly ovate,
13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide near base, thence gradually narrowed to a
blunt tip, the lower lip spreading, about 15 mm. long, cuneate, 4 mm.
wide near tip, gradually narrowed to base, 3-lobed, the lobes sub-
equal, up to 2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens 15
mm. long, adnate to corolla tube slightly below mouth, the filaments
glabrous or minutely and sparingly hirtellous near base, the anther
cells about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, superposed, one about 0.5
mm. above the other, the lower cell calcarate at base, the spur 0.75
mm. long, 0.25 mm. thick, rounded at tip, the connective narrow;
style about 28 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma minute and capitate;

536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

capsules clavate, 13 mm. long, 3.5 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, finely
pubescent, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, ascending at tip of capsule,
the others retrorse; retinacula about 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide,
flattened and truncate at tip; seed ovate, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad
near base, narrowed to a rounded tip. muricate.

Vernacular names: “Cresta de gallo” (Bro. Elias) and “oallito”’
(Schultze).

Justicia bracteosa is usually found in wooded regions at rather
low altitudes (mostly from 20 to 500 meters). The densely bracted
slender panicles, although greenish in color, nevertheless very con-
spicuous, according to Haught.

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 1498 (US). Woods at Hacienda Riodulce,
Los Pendales, Dugand & Jaramillo 4096 (US). Luruaco, Apolinar-Angel 488
(US); Bro. Elias 496 (Bog, US). Piojé, Bro. Elias 670 (US). Arroyo del Higu-
erén, Usiacuri, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga 2272 (US). Usiaeurf, Bro. Elias
1180 (US).

Botfvar: Buenavista, east of Sineé, Pennell 4021 (GH, US). Cartagena,
Bro. Heriberto 276 (US): Bro. Hilarino-Angel 50 (US).

Macpa.ena: Barro Blanco, Haught 4750 (US). Damp woods near Valledupar,
Haught 3928 (US).

SANTANDER: Bucaramanga, Sandeman 5999 (KK), Roadside north of Pescadero,
on the Rfo Sogamoso, Steere 7095 (US). Dry sandy bank of Rio Chicamocha,
Araque-M, & Barkley 188.275 (US).

21. Justicia chaponensis Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 199
» S}

Herba, caulibus erectis, subquadrangularibus, sulcatis, sulcis in-
conspicuis, puberulis et etiam pilosis, pilis magnis rectis, late patentibus,
badiis, et parvis subappressis, curvatis intermixtis; lamina foliorum
lanceolato-clliptica, apice acuta, basi angustata et in petiolem breviter
decurrens, firma, undulata, supra dense pilosa, pilis ascendentibus,
badiis, costa puberula et etiam longe pilosa, subtus pilosa, mar-
ginibus ciliata, costa et venis utrinque prominentibus, cystolithis
obscuris vel nullis; petioli aliquanto crassi, pilosi; spicae plures,
axillares vel terminales, erectae vel ascendentes, floribus densis et
secundis, pedunculis brevibus, rhachibus puberulis et etiam longe
puosis, pilis longis, patulis, badiis; bracteae quadrifariae, dorsales
steriles, ventrales flores subtendentes; bracteae steriles lineares,
pilosae, pilis longis, fere in margine positis, badiis; bracteae flores
subtendentes late elliptico-obovatae, cuspidatae, firmae, parce pilosae
et dense ciliatae, pilis plus minusve patulis, badiis; bracteolae
anguste lineares, dense ciliatae, pilis longis patulis, badiis; calycis
segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuminata, parce hirtella et ciliata, pilis
ascendentibus, costa obscura; corollae desunt; capsulae clavatae,
basi glabrae, apice hirtellac, pilis patulis vel retrorse appressis.

Herbs up to 1.6 meters high; stems erect, subquadrangular, in-
conspicuously sulcate, both puberulous and pilose, the longer hairs

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 537

mostly spreading, straight, up to 2.25 mm. long, septate but not
conspicuously so, the smaller hairs recurved and subappressed, up to
0.28 mm. long; leaf blades lance-elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and 6 cm.
wide, acute at tip, narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the
petiole, firm, undulate, the upper surface rather densely pilose, the
hairs ascending, similar to those of the stem as are also the additional
small curved hairs of the costa, the pubescence of the lower surface

Ficure 199.—Justicia chaponensis Leonard (Lawrance 60): a, Node showing inflorescence
and leaves; b, portion of stem enlarged to show pubescence; ¢, a hair from the stem;
d, bract and bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, valve of capsule. (a, Half natural size; b, twice
natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 5 times natural size;
f, 3 times natural size.)

similar to that of the upper except for the absence of the small curved
hairs on the costa, the margins ciliate, the venation of both surfaces
(lateral veins 9 to 10 pairs) rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate but not conspicuously so, the cystoliths minute and obscure,
sometimes lacking; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, pilose; spikes axillary,
several pairs produced at each node, up to 12 em. long and about 1 cm.
broad, the flowers secund, rather crowded, erect or ascending; ped-
uncles up to 1 cm. long, pilose; rachis both pilose with long spreading
388179—57——15

538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hairs and puberulous with short curved subappressed ones; dorsal
bracts sterile, linear, pilose, the hairs up to 3.25 mm. long, mostly
marginal, more or less spreading, brown; ventral bracts broadly ellip-
tic obovate, long-cuspidate, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acuminate,
rather firm, sparingly pilose and densely ciliate, the hairs more or less
spreading, reddish brown, up to 3.25 mm. long; bractlets narrowly
linear, 8 or 9 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, rather densely ciliate, the hairs
similar to those of the bracts; calyx 5 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments 5, lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide near base,
gradually narrowed to a slender tip, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate,
the hairs ascending, up to 0.48 mm. long, the costa evident but rather
obscure; corolla not seen; capsules clavate, about 10 mm. long, 3 mm.
broad and 2 mm. thick, glabrous toward base, sparingly hirtellous
toward tip, the hairs spreading or retrorse and subappressed, up to 0.2
mm. long; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, obtuse and more or less fimbriate
at tip; seeds not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1482402, collected in
thick low forest in the region of Mount Chapén, Department of
Boyacd, Colombia, “3,500 feet’’ altitude, May 27, 1932, by A. E.
Lawrance (No. 60). Isotype: GH.

Justicia chaponensis is closely related to and resembles in some
respects J. hyperdasya and J. pampolystachys. The leaf blades of
these species are more of an ovate shape and the bracts subtending
the flowers are larger, elliptic or suborbicular in shape, and obtuse
and apiculate at the tip.

No corollas could be found on either of the two sheets cited, but
according to the label notes they were mauve with purple stripes.
They are probably small in size and somewhat similar to those of
the two related species.

22. Justicia unguiculata Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 200

Herba recta, parce ramosa, basi aliquando decumbens, caulibus
subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis), sursum bifariam_pilosis,
pilis longioribus patulis et pilis minutis recurvatis intermixtis, deorsum
aliquando glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vel
acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta, aliquanto tenuis, integra
vel undulata, supra glabra vel parce hirtella, pilis appressis, praecipue
in costa et venis positis, subtus hirsuta ct hirtella, pilis in costa et
venis longis, plus minusve patulis, pilis intercostalibus minutis
appressis, cystolithis minutis, subpunctiformibus; petioli pilosi;
spicae terminales et axillares, erectae vel ascendentes, laxae, floribus
secundis, rhachibus bifariam et minute strigosis pilis longioribus
parvulis intermixtis; bracteae suborbiculares, apice obtusae vel
rotundatae, apiculatae, basi unguiculatae (unguiculis gracilibus),

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 539

ciliatae, pilis longis, patulis; bracteolae subulatae, glabrae vel apice
pilosae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, parva, acuminata, glabra vel
apice ciliata; corolla parva, lilacina, minute pubescens, tubo sub-
cylindrico, labio superiore erecto, trianguli-ovato, apice bilobato,
lobis minutis, rotundatis, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, cuneato,
trilobato, lobis ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis

Ficure 200.—Justicia unguiculata Leonard (a-f, Schiefer 813A; g, Schtefer 813): a, Tip of
plant showing inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) to show
pubescence; c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, corolla lips; g, anther. (a, Natural size;
b, about 234 times natural size; c, twice natural size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 4 times
natural size; f, 344 times natural size; g, 6 times natural size.)

antherarum superpositis, rectis, glabris, lobo inferiore basi calcarato;
capsulae parvae, clavatae, glabrae; retinacula curvata, apice tenuia,
leviter cucullata, erosa; semina suborbicularia plana, brunnea,
tuberculosa.

Herbs up to about 30 cm. high, erect or sparingly branched, some-
times decumbent at base, the stems subquadrangular (the angles

540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rounded), pilose, the hairs up to 2 mm. long, these intermixed with
minute retrorsely recurved hairs, both kinds of hairs more or less
bifariously arranged, the lowermost portions of the stem sometimes
terete and glabrate; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm. long and
6 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed from
below middle to an acute base, rather thin, entire or undulate, the
upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs mostly con-
fined to the costa and lateral veins, up to 0.48 mm. long, appressed,
the lower surface hirsute and hirtellous, the hairs confined to costa
and lateral veins, more or less spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long, those of
the intercostal areas up to 0.38 mm. long and appressed, the venation
(lateral veins 8 to 10 pairs) scarcely prominent, the eystoliths (?)
minute and subpunctiform; petioles up to 1 em. long, pilose; flowers
secund, borne in rather lax spikes up to 6 em. long and 1 to 1.5 cm.
broad, these forming terminal leafy panicles usually up to about 6 cm.
broad, the spikes erect or ascending, the internodes of the inflorescence
(lowermost up to 14 mm. long) and rachises bifariously and minutely
strigose with additional spreading brownish hairs (up to 2 mm. long)
present in more or less abundance; bracts subtending the flowers
loosely imbricate, suborbicular, about 6 mm. in diameter, obtuse or
rounded and apiculate at apex, unguiculate at base (the claw slender,
4 to 5 mm. long), ciliate, the hairs spreading, mostly up to 1.5 mm.
long, the flat surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (usually 2
pairs) minutely and sparingly strigose; bractlets subulate, barely
0.5 mm. wide, thin, glabrous except the pilose tips; calyx 4 to 5 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 0.5 mm. wide,
acuminate (the tips slender), glabrous or bearing a few scattered
hairs; corolla about 14 mm. long, lilac, minutely pubescent, the tube
about 1.5 mm. broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, triangular-ovate, 3 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to
tip, this bilobate, the lobes about 0.25 mm. long and wide, rounded,
the lower lip more or less spreading, cuneate, 6 mm. wide at base of
lobes, these ovate, about 4 mm. long and 2 to 3 mm. wide, rounded
at tip; stamens exserted about 2 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 1.75 mm. long, the lobes superposed, vertically
attached to the connective, glabrous, the lower lobe calearate, the
tail about 0.25 mm. long, blunt; capsules clavate, 1 em. long, 3 mm.
wide, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the tip
rounded, thin, shallowly cucullate, erose; seed suborbicular, about
1.5 mm. in diameter and 0.5 mm. thick, brown, tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2029221, collected at
Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, July 12, 1945, by
Helen Schiefer (No. 813A).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 541

Also of this species are Helen Schiefer’s No. 813 (GH) collected
with the type and Cuatrecasas’ No. 13198 at El Banco, at the con-
fluence of the Rios Cubugén and Cobaria, in the region of Sarare,
Department of Norte de Santander, altitude 320 meters, November
15, 1941.

Justicia unguiculata is easily recognized among other Colombian
species by its conspicuous ungulate ciliated bracts. These are strik-
ingly similar to those of Jacobinia azxiologa but are much smaller.
The closest relative is probably Justicia pilosa (Nees) Lindau of
Pert. This it resembles in many respects, especially as to the
inflorescences. The ovate leaf blades of the Peruvian species however
are much smaller, the uppermost barely exceeding the spikes or even
shorter, and gradually narrowed from below the middle to an obtuse
tip. In size they rarely exceed 5 cm. in length and 2.5 cm. in
width, whereas the thinner blades of J. wnguiculata are as much as
15 cm. long and 6 em. wide and are often slenderly acuminate.

The specific epithet, wnguiculata, alludes to the unguiculate or
clawed bracts.

23. Justicia pampeolystachys Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 201

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis), pilosis,
pilis brunneis, patulis vel ascendentibus, longis; lamina foliorum
ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, sub-
membranacea, integra vel undulata, supra parce pilosa, pilis brunneis,
appressis vel ascendentibus, subtus aliquanto dense pilosa, cystolithis
obscuris; petioli dense pilosi; spicae plures, terminales et axillares,
imbricatae, bracteis imbricatis, secundis, rhache hirtella, pilis curvatis;
bracteae suborbiculares, apiculatae, basi cuneatae, membranaceae,
glabrae vel supra pilos paucos ferentes, marginibus dense ciliatis,
pilis patulis, brunneis, nitidis, septatis; bracteolae lineari-subulatae,
apice longe ciliatae, deorsum glabrae; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
apice subulata, glabra vel apice paullo pilifera, costa gracili; corolla
cacrulea, hirtella, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore ovato,
apice rotundato, emarginato, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato, lobis
suborbiculatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis planis,
submembranaceis, costa conspicua, lobis antherarum superpositis,
loculo inferiore calearato; capsulae clavatae, parvae, glabrae vel apice
parce hirtellae; retinacula apice tenuia, anguste cucullata.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular (the angles rounded and separated
by 4 narrow light brown grooves), pilose, the hairs brown, spreading or
ascending, up to 4 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 10 em. long and
5 em. wide, short-acuminate, the tip blunt, narrowed at base, rather
thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface sparingly pilose, the hairs
brown, appressed or ascending, up to 2.25 mm. long, the lower surface

542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

more densely pilose with similar hairs, the costa and lateral veins (6
to 8 pairs) barely conspicuous, the cystoliths obscure above, more
prominent beneath; petioles up to 2 cm. long, densely pilose with long
hairs; spikes numerous and crowded, terminal and in the axils of the
upper leaf blades, 6 to 8 cm. long, 13 to 14 mm. broad, the bracts
closely imbricate, secund, the rachis slender, hirtellous, the hairs
curved, about 0.5 mm. long; bracts suborbicular, about 8 mm. in
diameter, apiculate, the apicula about 1 mm. long, abruptly narrowed
to a small cuneate base, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, thin, glabrous or the upper
surface bearing a few brown hairs up to 2 mm. long, the margins

fom

ay \

etn ee

ep ak

Ficure 201.— Justicia pampolystachys Leonard (Klug 1724): a, Portion of plant showing
lower part of the inflorescence and a leaf blade; b, bract and bractlet; ¢, a trichome from
margin of bract; d, calyx; ¢, corolla; f, stamen (a, Half natural size; b, ¢, twice natural
size; c, 13 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size; f, 6 times natural size.)

densely ciliate with spreading nitid brown hairs up to 3 mm. long and
about 10-jointed; bractlets linear-subulate, 3 to 10 mm. long, ciliate
toward tip with spreading brown hairs up to 2 mm. long; calyx 5 mm.
long, the segments lance-subulate, thin, glabrous or bearing 1 to
several hairs at or near tip, these up to 1 mm. long, the costa delicate;
corolla blue, 13 mm. long, moderately pubescent except at base, the
hairs about 0.2 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
1.5 mm. at middle, the throat 3 mm. broad, lips subequal, 5 mm.
long, the upper lip ovate, 3.5 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a rounded
emarginate tip, the lower lip broadly cuneate, 7 mm. wide near tip,
3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, rounded, the middle lobe 3.25 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 543

wide, the lateral lobes 2.25 mm. wide; stamens attached near throat,
the filaments 4 mm. long, flattened, membranous, terminating a
slender vascular strand, the anther cells superposed, the upper about
0.25 mm. above the lower, or the cells contiguous, the upper cell
0.75 mm. long, the lower 1 mm. long, the base tipped by a blunt white
tail 0.5 mm. long; capsule clavate, about 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad
and 1.5 mm. thick, 4-seeded, glabrous; retinacula 1 mm. long, thin
and narrowly cucullate at tip; mature seed not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1517999, collected in
forest in the vicinity of Umbria, Comisarfa of Putumayo, Colombia,
325 meters altitude, October to November 1930, by G. Klug (No.
1724).

The specific epithet is from the greek words, waumodus Very Many,
and ordxus, spike.

24, Justicia hyperdasya Leonard, sp. nov. FicurEe 202

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, sulcatis,
bifariam subtomentosis etiam pilosis, pilis longis, patulis, nitidis,
septatis, brunneis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, membranacea, undulata, supra
aliquanto pilosa, pilis ascendentibus, subtus dense pilosa, cystolithis
obscuris vel nullis; petioli breves, dense pilosi, pilis longis, patulis,
brunneis; spicae terminales et axillares, bracteis imbricatis et secundis,
rhache angulata, glabra vel aliquanto hirtella, pedunculis brevibus,
pilosis; bracteae ellipticae, obtusae, apice apiculatae, basi cuneatae,
membranaceae, utrinque glabrae vel parce pilosae, marginibus dense
ciliatis, pilis patulis, septatis, nitidis, brunneis; bracteolae lineari-
subulatae, ciliatae, pilis longis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata,
apice parce pilosa, deorsum glabra; corolla alba, aliquanto hirtella,
tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore oblongo,
erecto, apice rotundato et emarginato, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato,
lobis obovatis, rotundatis; stamina brevia, vix exserta, loculis an-
therarum superpositis, loculo inferiore calcarato; capsulae parvae,
clavatae, glabrae, vel apice parce hirtellae; retinacula apice obtusa et
subcucullata; semina plana, subbrunnea, leviter tuberculata.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more, ascending; stems subquadrangular,
grooved, both pilose and bifariously subtomentose, the longer hairs
spreading, nitid, septate, up to 5 mm. long, those arranged in lines
about 0.5 mm. long, dense and retrorsely curved; leaf blades oblong-
ovate, up to 12 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed at base, rather thin, undulate, the upper
surface moderately pilose, the hairs ascending, brown, nitid, septate,
the lower surface densely pilose, the hairs similar to those of the upper
surface, the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8 pairs) obscure above, less
so beneath, the cystoliths obscure or lacking; petioles up to 1.5 cm.

544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, densely pilose, the hairs resembling those of the stem; spikes
terminal and axillary, up to 5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, the bracts
closely imbricate, secund, the rachis angled, glabrous or moderately
hirtellous with curved hairs, the peduncle up to 5 mm. long, pilose;
bracts elliptic, up to 14 mm. long and 13 mm. wide, obtuse and
apiculate (the apiculus about 0.5 mm. long), cuneate at base, thin, the

Ficure 202.—Justicia hyperdasya Leonard (a-d, f, Cuatrecasas 7542; ¢, Cuatrecasas 7536):
a, Tip of plant showing leaves and inflorescence; b, portion of stem enlarged to show
pubescence; c, bract, bractlet and calyx; d, a calyx segment; e, corolla; f, valve of
capsule. (a, Half natural size; b, c, twice natural size; d, 344 times natural size; e,
natural size; f, 244 times natural size.)

costa and veins rather prominent, both surfaces glabrous or bearing
a few scattered hairs, the margin densely ciliate with nitid spreading
septate brown hairs up to 4 mm. long; bractlets linear-subulate, up to
7 mm. long, and 0.5 mm. wide at base, ciliate, the hairs similar to
those of the bracts; calyx 4 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 3.5
mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, bearing several

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 545

trichomes (up to 1.5 mm. long) at and near tip, otherwise glabrous;
corolla white, about 2 cm. long, moderately hirtellous, the hairs up to
0.28 mm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, 3.5 mm. broad at mouth,
the upper lip oblong, erect, 6.5 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, rounded
and emarginate at tip, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes
obovate, 5 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens about 4
mm. long, the cells superposed, nearly vertically attached, about 1
mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the lower cell terminated by a conspicuous
white tail 0.5 mm. long, this flattened and rounded at tip; capsule 8
mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad and 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous near tip; retinacula 1 mm. long, narrowed, blunt and sub-
cucullate at the tip; seed brownish, ovate, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
faintly tuberculate.

Type in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano, collected in woods
along the Rfo Guayabero, Comisaria del Vaupés, Colombia, 240
meters altitude, Nov. 8, 1939, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 7536). Cuat-
recasas’ No. 7542 (Col), collected on the same day nearby, is also of
this species.

Justicia hyperdasya is closely related to J. pampolystachys Leonard,
differing chiefly in its herbaceous nature, the white flowers, and
oblong or oblong-ovate leaf blades. J. pampolystachys is a shrub
with blue flowers and ovate leaf blades. The specific epithet is
derived from the greek brépdacus, meaning very hairy.

25. Justicia schultesii Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 203

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, sursum dense cinereo-
pilosis, pilis patulis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acu-
minata (apice ipso obtuso vel rotundato), basi angustata et in
petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque
pilosa, pilis ascendentibus, costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominent-
ibus, supra obscura; spicae solitariae vel 2, terminales et subterminales;
bracteae quadrifariae; bracteae dorsales ovatae, subacutae, basi
angustatae vel rotundatae, leviter obliquae, ciliatae, pilosae; bracteae
ventrales ellipticae, acutae, basi angustatae, ciliatae, puberulae;
bracteolae lineares, ciliatae, glabrae vel plus minusve pilosae; calycis
segmenta lineari-lanceolata, apice gracilia, puberula, costa prominente;
corolla alba, aliquanto parva, deorsum sursum pubescens, tubo
hypocrateriformi, labio superiore erecto, triangulari, apice angustato,
obtuso, leviter emarginato, labio inferiore cuneato, apice trilobato,
lobis ovatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra, lobis superpositis, rectis,
connectivo gracili, lobo inferiore calcarato; capsulae clavatae, pubes-
centes; semina plana, glabra.

Shrubs; stems quadrangular, at least the upper portion densely
gray-pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-

546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, obscurely short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, ciliate, both surfaces
pilose, the hairs ascending, up to 2 mm. long, the costa and lateral
veins (7 or 8 pairs) rather prominent beneath but obscure above, the
cystoliths minute and scattered; spikes solitary or paired, terminal

Ficure 203.— Justicia schultesti Leonard (Schultes 8 Cabrera 13322): a, Tip of stem showing
a leaf and the inflorescence; b, bract (dorsal); c, bract (ventral); d, calyx and one of a
pair of bractlets; ¢, lower corolla lip; f, upper lip of same; g, anther. (a, Half natural
size; b, c, 3 times natural size; d, 344 times natural size; ¢, f, 244 times natural size; g, 9
times natural size.)

and subterminal, up to 4 cm. long and 12 to 17 mm. broad; peduncles
up to 5 mm. long, these and the rachises densely pilose; bracts quad-
rifarious, those of the dorsal ranks ovate, 10 or 11 mm. long and 8 mm.
wide, subacute, narrowed or rounded and more or less oblique at base,
ciliate with hairs more or less spreading and up to 1.5 mm. long, their
upper faces evenly pilose with ascending hairs mostly 0.5 to 1 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 547

long, the ventral bracts elliptic, 10 or 11 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide,
acute at both ends, ciliate, their faces puberulous with hairs up to
0.16 mm. long or those on the costa and lateral veins somewhat longer
(0.5 to 1 mm. long); bractlets linear, 8 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, ciliate,
the flat surfaces glabrous or more or less pilose dorsally; calyx seg-
ments 5, linear-lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near the base,
gradually narrowed into a slender tip, puberulent, the costa rather
prominent; corolla white, about 2 cm. long, the lower half glabrous,
the upper half finely pubescent, the tube 2.5 mm. broad near base,
3.5 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip erect, triangular, 3.5 mm. wide
at base, narrowed to an obtuse slightly emarginate tip, the lower lip
ovate, about 1 cm. long and 6.5 mm. wide at middle, rounded and
3-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, 1 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide at base;
stamens slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
glabrous, the anthers 3 mm. long, the lobes superposed, nearly vertical,
the connective slender, about 0.5 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide, the
lower anther cell spurred, the spur 0.25 mm. long, rounded at tip;
capsules clavate, pubescent, 7.5 mm. long, the fruiting portion about
3 mm. wide and thick, the lower half solid, 1 mm. wide near base of
stipe, 2 mm. wide at base of seed-bearing cavity; retinacula 1.75 mm.
long, the tip thin, subcucullate, rounded and more or less erose; seeds
lenticular, about 2.5 mm. in diameter, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124632, collected on
the Cerro Isibukuri, along the Rio Kananari, Comisaria of Vaupés,
Colombia, 250 to 700 meters altitude, August 4, 1951, by Richard
Evans Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No. 13322). Isotype: US.

26. Justicia carthaginensis Jacq.

Justicia carthaginensis Jacq. Enum. 11. 1760. Jacquin’s “Enumeration” was
republished without change again in 1762. The specific epithet means
“found in Cartagena.”

Adhatoda carthaginensis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 403. 1847.

Herbaceous or suffrutescent, up to 1.5 meters high; stems erect or
ascending, branched, subquadrangular (the angles rounded), shallowly
sulcate, glabrous or rather densely hirtellous, the hairs straight or
curved, spreading or retrorse, up to 0.5 mm. long, whitish; leaf blades
ovate, elliptic-ovate or broadly lanceolate, 2 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 5
cm. wide, short to rather slenderly acuminate with blunt or acutish
tips, or sometimes acute, obtuse or even rounded, narrowed or occa-
sionally rounded “at* base and ‘decurrent on‘ the petiole, glabrous to
rather densely hirtellous, the lower surface even velvety to touch,
the costa and veins (7 or 8 pairs) moderately prominent on both sur-
faces, the cystoliths usually 150 to 250y long; petioles up to 2 cm.
long, glabrous to hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal bracted
spikes 2 to 7 cm. long and about 2 cm. broad; bracts spathulate, usu-

548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ally 10 to 15 mm. long and 2.5 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at
tip, more or less apiculate, narrowed from about the middle to a
slender claw, subglabrous to moderately hirtellous and ciliate, the
hairs spreading or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long, some of them gland-
tipped, the cystoliths usually conspicuous; bracts subtending the
flowers narrowly spathulate, usually 7 to 10 mm. long and 1 to 3 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse, more or less hirtellous with glandular
and eglandular hairs; calyx segments 5, narrowly lanceolate, 10
to 11 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, slenderly pointed, white-
margined, more or less hirtellous and ciliate; corollas reddish purple,
violet, or rarely white, glabrous to sparingly hirsute, the hairs up to
0.1 mm. long, sometimes a few of them gland-tipped, the tube 1.5
mm. long, 4 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above base to
3mm., thence gradually expanded to about 4 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip erect, triangular-ovate, about 10 mm. long and wide, rounded
and notched at tip, the lower lip spreading, up to 17 mm. long, 3-
lobed, the middle lobe 8 mm. wide, the lateral ones 7 mm. wide, all
ovate and rounded at tip; stamens exserted about 5 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla tube, the filaments 11 mm. long, glabrous, the anther lobes
2.2 mm. long, spreading, the upper lobe attached 1 mm. above the
short-spurred lower lobe; style 20 to 22 mm. long, sparsely hirtellous
toward base; stigma more or less 2-lobed; capsules clavate, 16 mm.
long, 6 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick, subobtuse at tip (the solid basal
portion 7 mm. long), puberulous, the hairs spreading or the lower
ones retrorse; retinacula stout, 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, flattened,
rounded at tip, this entire or coarsely erose; seeds only slightly flat-
tened, almost spherical, puberulous or glabrate, 2.5 to 3 mm. in diam-
eter, whitish, or black at maturity.

Justicia carthaginensis is usually found on slopes, in waste places,
and thickets, these occasionally coastal. Although more common at
lower altitudes, it has been found as high as 1,300 meters.

The species exhibits considerable variation. The upper lip of the
corollas of Killip and Smith’s No. 14711 was reported to be trans-
versely white-barred at center. This may be a common character,
but color markings are usually not apparent in dried herbarium
material. The width of the bracts is especially variable. For in-
stance, those of H. H. Smith’s No. 566 from Bonda are fully 7 mm. wide
with broadly rounded, almost truncate, and subemarginate apiculate
tips, and those of Pennell’s No. 2722 are barely 1 mm. wide and sub-
acute. The pubescence of most of the specimens cited is sparse,
but Haught’s No. 4391 from Fonseca is dense, and soft and velvety
to the touch. None of these characters, however, are consistent
enough to warrant the maintenance of varieties or forms.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 549

Aridntico: Isolated bush formations about Barranquilla, Lehmann 4062 (K),
Torregroza, Araque-M., & Barkley 18At.502 (US), 18At.504 (US), 18At.522 (US);
Bro. Elias 351 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias 1034 (GH, NY, US); Pennell
12046. Dryish woods along the Isabel Lépez road, near Usiacurf, Dugand «&
Garcia-Barriga 2343 (US). Woods in Arroyo Cagén, Usiacurf, Dugand & Garcia-
Barriga 2354 (US).

Botfivar: Thickets along river at Calamar, Killip & Smith 14711 (GH, NY,
US). Ramparts of Cartagena, Schott 6 (NY). Thicket at Sincelejo, Pennell 4071
(GH, NY, US). Coastal thicket on Tierrabomba Island, Killip & Smith 14148
(GH, NY, US).

Cunpinamarca: Open bush formation about La Boca, Lehmann 6107 (K).
Puente Natural de Icononzo, near Pandi, Uribe-Uribe 1683 (US); Pennell 2812
(NY). Between Fusagasugé and Pandi, Pennell 2722 (GH, NY).

MacpaLena: On elay soil at Barro Blanco, Haught 4753 (US). Damp places
in dry forest near Bonda, H. H. Smith 566 (in part) (Ph, NY, US). Along streams
at Cerrején, Haught 6716 (US). Irrigated lands near seashore at Ciénaga,
H. H. Smith 566bis (GH, NY, US). Roadside near Fonseca, Haught 4391 (US).
Los Olivos, cast of Santa Marta, Giacometto 1000 (US). Rio Frio, Sait “C” (US).

27. Justicia erythrantha Leonard, sp. nov. Ficurn 204

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel in nodis minute et
parce strigosis, cystolithis minutis et subpunctiformibus; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata, acuta vel acuminata vel breviter acuminata,
basi angustata, integra vel undulata, subtus in axillis venarum pilosa,
alibi glabra vel minute et parce strigosa, pilis praecipue in costa et
venis positis, cystolithis minutis et obscuris; spicae terminales et
axillares, pedunculis subquadrangularibus, plus minusve _planis,
glabris vel minute strigosis, rhache puberula, pilis sursum curvatis,
brevibus; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, basi angustatae, ali-
quanto tenues, venosae (costa prominente), plus minusve dense
glanduloso-papillosae, marginibus ciliatis; calycis segmenta parva,
tenuia, acuta, parce glanduloso-papillosa, pilis paucis longis intermixtis,
marginibus ciliolatis; corolla rubra, aliquanto tenuiter pubescens,
pilis patulis, rectis vel leviter curvatis, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, rotun-
datis, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis
ovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, in labio antico corollae
declinata, lobis antherarum superpositis, perpendicularibus, lobo
inferiore caudato; capsulae aliquanto parvae, clavatae, glabrae;
retinacula apice rotundata, erosa; semina 4, cordata, plana, brunnea,
muricata.

Shrubs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subterete, glabrous or the
nodes minutely and sparingly strigose, the cystoliths minute and
subpunctiform; leaf blades oblong-ovate to ovate, up to 14 cm. long
and 4.5 cm. wide, acute to acuminate or short-acuminate, narrowed at
base, rather firm, entire or undulate, the axils of the lower surface
pilose, otherwise glabrous or minutely and sparingly strigose, the
hairs confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs),

550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the venation rather obscure, the cystoliths minute (about 0.08 mm.
long), often obscure; flowers borne in terminal and axillary spikes up
to 6 cm. long and about 1.5 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long,
subquadrangular, more or less flattened, glabrous or sparingly and
minutely strigose, the rachis puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved,
up to 0.16 mm. long; bracts lanceolate, 10 to 12 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm.
wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, rather thin and veiny (the costa
prominent), more or less minutely glandular-papillose, rather spar-
ingly ciliate, the hairs 0.2-0.4 mm. long; bractlets linear-lanceolate,
about 9 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, rather sparingly glandular-

Ficure 204.—Justicia erythrantha Leonard (Killip, Dugand t§ Jaramillo 38284): a, Node
toward tip of plant showing a spike, branchlets and leaf blade; b, portion of leaf blade
(under surface) enlarged to show pubescence and cystoliths; c, bract and bractlets;
d, calyx segment; ¢, tip of corolla; f, anther; g, capsule valve. (a, ¢, Natural size;
b, twice natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, 7 times natural size; f, 6 times natural
size; g, twice natural size.)

puberulous with a few larger eglandular hairs intermixed with
the smaller ones, the margins ciliate with hairs up to 0.45 mm.
long; calyx 4 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide, acute, thin, sparingly glandular-papillose and like the bracts
and bractlets with a few longer eglandular hairs intermixed, the
margins ciliolate with hairs about 0.13 mm. long; corolla red, about
3 cm. long, finely and rather sparingly pubescent, the hairs spreading,
straight or slightly curved, up to 0.16 mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm.
broad at base, narrowed to 1.75 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 3.5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 551

ovate, 17 mm. long and 8 mm. wide at base, the tip bilobate, the
lobes about 0.5 mm. long and broad, rounded, the lower lip more
or less spreading, cuneate, 7 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these
3, ovate, about 3.5 mm. long, rounded; stamens reaching within 2 mm.
of tip of the upper lip of the corolla and partially enfolded by it,
the anthers about 4 mm. long, the lobes superposed, vertically
attached, their tips overlapping about 0.5 mm., the base of the lower
lobe apiculate or caudate, the tail about 0.25 mm. long; style reaching
within 0.5 mm. of the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the stigma
minute and conical; capsules about 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide and 2.5 mm.
thick, 4-seeded, glabrous, the tip obtuse, the solid basal portion
3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide; retinacula about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, curved, the tip rounded and erose; seeds cordate, flattened,
brown, about 2.5 mm. long and broad, muricate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1855848, collected
along stream in woods at Hacienda El] Cucharo, between Tocaima and
Pubenza, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 350 meters
altitude, May 7, 1944, by E. P. Killip, A. Dugand and R. Jaramillo
(No. 38284).

Also of this species are Francis W. Pennell’s No. 2831 (GH, NY,
US), collected in woods at Natural Bridge, Pandi, Department of
Cundinamarca, 800 to 900 meters altitude, December 1-3, 1917;
Triana’s specimen (K) collected in the ‘Province of Cauca” 1853,
Oscar Haught’s No. 2396, collected in forest near the mouth of the
Rio Totare, Department of Tolima, about 300 meters altitude,
October 28, 1938, and Lorenzo Uribe-Uribe’s No. 2309, collected
between Tocaima and Pubenza, Cundinamarca.

Characterizing Justicia erythrantha are the rather short spikes, the
ovate acuminate bracts, and the red corollas. The specific epithet
is from the Greek words epv@pds, red, and aos, flower.

28. Justicia leptochlamys Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 205

Herba, caulibus deorsum teretibus, glabris, sursum subquadran-
gularibus, glabris vel bifariam puberulis, pilis subbrunneis, patulis
vel retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto tenuis, integra vel undulata,
glabra vel subtus costa parce hirtella, cystolithis pluribus et conspic-
uis; petioli brevi, plus minusve minuti hirtelli; spicae terminales vel
laterales, pedunculis brevibus, gracilibus, hirtellis, rhache glabra;
bracteae rhombico-ovatae, acutae vel subacuminatae, basi angustatae,
tenues, integrae, parce ciliatae, cystolithis conspicuis; bracteolae
anguste lanceolatae, anguste acuminatae, apice ciliatae; calycis seg-
menta subulata, glabra vel parce hirtella, ciliolata; corolla alba, labiis
subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto, integro, labio inferiore plus

562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

minusve patulo, 3-lobato; stamina exserta, lobis antherarum super-
positis; capsulae clavatae, glabrae vel apice minute hirtellae; semina
ovata, plana, glabra.

Herbs up to | meter high; stems terete or the upper portions sub-
quadrangular, glabrous or puberulous in 2 lines, the hairs brownish,
up to 0.15 mm. long, spreading or retrorsely recurved, the internodes
1 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and 1.5 em.
wide, acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, rather thin,
entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa of the lower surface sparingly
hirtellous, the lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths of
both surfaces numerous and conspicuous under a lens, up to 0.24 mm.

Ficure 205.—Justicia leptochlamys Leonard (Pennell 4529): a, Tip of plant showing

inflorescence and leaves; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, calyx. (a, Natural size; b-d, twice
natural size.)

long; petioles up to 0.5 cm. long, more or less minutely hirtellous;
spikes terminal and lateral, up to 3 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad,
rather lax at maturity, the peduncles about 0.5 mm. long, hirtellous,
the hairs septate, up to 0.46 mm. long, the rachis glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous, the cystoliths usually conspicuous under a lens; bracts
rhombic-ovate, up to 13 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, acute or sub-
acuminate, narrowed at base, thin, entire, sparingly ciliate with hairs
up to 0.75 mm. long, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, the cystoliths
conspicuous under a lens but less numerous than on the leaf blades;
bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide
near base, slenderly acuminate, ciliate toward tip, otherwise glabrous;
calyx 4 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments subulate, about
0.5 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 553

or sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; corolla white, about 1 cm. long,
1 mm. broad at base and mouth, narrowed to 0.5 mm. above base,
the lips about 2 mm. long, the upper lip erect, entire, the lower more
or less spreading, 3-lobed at tip, the stamens exserted beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube but not exceeding the corolla lips, the an-
thers 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. thick, superposed, vertically attached
to connective; capsule 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1 mm. thick, minutely
hirtellous toward tip, becoming glabrous; retinacula about 3 mm.
long, flat and rounded at tip; seed ovate, flattened, about 3 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad, glabrous.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, col-
lected on the Rio Esmeralda, between Las Dantas and Puerto Canoa,
Department of Bolivar, Colombia, 400 to 800 meters altitude,
February 27, 1918, by Francis W. Pennell (No. 4529).

The specific epithet is from the greek derrés, thin or delicate, and
xraubs, bract.

29, Justicia gutierrezii Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 206

Arbor parva, caulibus subteretibus, dense strigosis vel subtomen-
tosis, pilis subbrunneis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter
acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso) basi angustata, aliquanto firma,
integra, supra glabra vel parce ect minute strigosa, costa et venis
dense strigosis, subtus aliquanto dense et molliter strigosa vel sub-
tomentosa; petioli graciles, dense strigosi vel subtomentost; spicae
terminales et axillares, bracteis quadrifariis dorsalibus sterilibus,
ventralibus flores subtendentibus, pedunculo breviter et rhache dense
hirsutis vel subtomentosis; bracteae dorsales ovatae, subobtusae,
apice subapiculatae, basi obtusae, submembranaceae, hirsutae,
ciliatae, costa et venis aliquanto prominentibus; bracteae ventrales
late oblanceolatac, acutae, basi angustatae, submembranaceae,
hirsutae et ciliatae; bracteolac lanceolatae acuminatae, basi angustatae,
parce hirsutae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, graciliter acumi-
nata, ciliata; corolla alba, sursum parce pilosa, deorsum glabra,
tubo aliquanto angustato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto,
triangulo-ovato, apice angustato, subacuto, labio inferiore plus minusve
patulo, obovato, trilobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, rotundatis, lateralibus
leviter incurvatis; stamina vix exserta, loculis antherarum super-
positis, rectis, lobo inferiore basi calcarato.

Small trees; stems subterete, rather densely strigose or subtomentose
with light brownish hairs up to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic, up to 12 em. long and 5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself blunt) narrowed at base, rather firm, entire, the upper surface
glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose, the costa and lateral
veins (about 6 pairs) more densely so, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. long,

388179—57——_16

554 CONTRIBUTIONS ‘FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the lower surface rather densely and softly strigose or hirsute, the
venation rather prominent, the cystoliths obscure or lacking; petioles
up to 3.5 cm. long, slender, densely strigose or subtomentose; spikes
terminal and subterminal, up to 2.5 cm. long and 12 mm. broad, the
bracts closely imbricate, quadrifarious and secund, the peduncles up
to 1 cm. long, these and the rachises densely hirsute or subtomentose
with ascending hairs; dorsal bracts sterile, ovate, 11 mm. long and 8
mm. wide, subobtuse and subapiculate, obtuse at base, submembrana-

A

i
Q:|

Ficure 206.— Justicia gutierrexii Leonard (Gutierres-V €% Schultes 606): a, Tip of plant
showing leaves and inflorescence; b, dorsal view of spike; c, ventral view of spike; d,
dorsal bract; ¢, bract, bractlet, and tip of calyx (from ventral side of spike); f, one of
the calyx segments; g, corolla; h, stamen. (a, g, Natural size; b, c, half natural size;
d-f, twice natural size, h, 4 times natural size.)

ceous, hirsute and ciliate, the hairs up to 1.25 mm. long, spreading or
ascending, the costa and about 4 pairs of lateral veins rather promi-
nent; ventral bracts (those subtending the flowers) broadly oblance-
olate, 14 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, acute, gradually narrowed from about
the middle to base, submembranaccous, hirsute and ciliate, the hairs
up to 2 mm. long, the costa and a pair of lateral veins rather promi-
nent; bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm. long and 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, acumi-
nate, pilose and ciliate; calyx 1 cm. long, the segments lanceolate,
0.75 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, ciliate and sparingly hirsute;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 555

corolla white, about 2.5 cm. long except the glabrous basal portion,
sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading or retrorsely ascending, up to
0.5 mm. long, the lips subequal, the upper lip erect, 1 cm. long,
triangular-ovate, 3.5 mm. wide near base, rather gradually narrowed
to a subacute tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, obovate, 4 mm.
wide near middle, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.25
mm. wide, rounded, the outer lobes slightly incurved; stamens reach-
ing the tip of the upper lip, slender, glabrous, flattened, subhyaline,
the anther-lobes superposed, 1.25 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, vertically
attached to the connective, this about 0.75 mm. long, the lower anther
lobe calcarate, its tail about 0.5 mm. long, white, the upper anther-lobe
subacute at the base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1953042, collected along
the Rio Apoporis, on the Cerro de ‘El Castillo,’’ Comisaria of Caqueté,
Colombia, January 16, 1944, by G. Gutiérrez-V. and R. E. Schultes
(No. 606). Isotype: Valle.

The bracts, bractlets, and calyx of the dried specimens are red.

30. Justicia macarenensis Leonard, sp. nov. FicuRE 207

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel bifariam puberulis,
pilis subbrunneis, septatis, retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel oblongo-lanceolata, anguste acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata, firma, integra vel undulata, supra glabra, costa et
venis lateralibus obscuris, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus, parce puberulis, cystolithis inconspicuis; petioli
puberuli, pilis apice acutis vel cyathiformibus; spicae terminales et
subterminales, oblongae, pedunculis bifariam puberulis, pilis sub-
brunneis; bracteae rubrae vel aeneo-purpureae, anguste ovatae,
obtusae, basi rotundatae, glabrae vel plus minusve puberulae, parce
ciliolatae, costa et venis prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis;
bracteolae oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, tenues, glabrae vel basi parce
strigosae, parce ciliatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, anguste acumi-
nata, puberula, pilis acutis et glandulosis intermixtis; corolla alba vel
lobis subrubris, basi glabra, sursum pubescens, tubo aliquanto an-
gustato, labiis aequalibus, labio superiore erecto, lanceolato, acuto,
labio inferiore patulo, trilobato, lobis lateralibus oblongis, rotundatis;
stamina exserta, filamentis glabris, planis, lobis antherarum super-
positis, lobo inferiore breviter calcarato; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 70 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or puber-
ulous in 2 lines, the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, brownish, septate,
retrorsely curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, up
to 25 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself
blunt), gradually narrowed to base, firm, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous, the venation obscure, the lower surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these prominent and rather spar-

556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ingly puberulous, the cystoliths inconspicuous; petioles up to 2.5 cm.
long, puberulous, some of the hairs cyathiform; spikes 1, terminal, or
if two terminal and subterminal, oblong, up to 12 cm. long and 2 cm.
broad, the peduncles ca. 1 cm. long, puberulous in 2 lines, the rachis
puberulous with brownish hairs about 0.16 mm. long; bracts red or
bronze purple, oblong-ovate, 4—5 cm. long, 16 mm. broad near base,

Ficure 207.—Justicia macarenensis Leonard (Philipson, Idrobo &§ Ferndndez 1578): a, Tip
of plant showing spike and leaf blades; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, calyx segment; ¢, a
glandular hair from calyx segment; f, tip of corolla to show lips; g, anther. (a, Half
natural size; b, c, f, natural size; d, twice natural size; ¢, about 60 times natural size;
g, 4 times natural size.)

obtuse at apex, rounded at base, thin, sparingly ciliate (the hairs up
to 0.75mm. long), other wise glabrous except the more or less puberulous
costa, the veins and the coarsely reticulate veinlets prominent;
bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 17 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acute,
thin, glabrous or sparingly strigose toward base, sparingly ciliate,
coarsely reticulate-veined; calyx 11 mm. long, deeply segmented,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 557

the segments 5, lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, ciliate toward tip, moderately puberulous with
blackish glandular hairs 50 to 125y long (appearing as dark specks
under a lens), these, intermixed with acute hairs, sometimes also
present on the bractlets; corolla white or the lobes sometimes reddish,
up to 32 mm. long, rather densely pubescent, except the enlarged
lower glabrous portion, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed to
2.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm. at
mouth, the lips equal, 11 mm. long, the upper lip erect, lanceolate,
about 2 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip somewhat spreading, 3-lobed
at tip, the lobes 2.5 mm. long, the middle lobe 1.5 mm. wide, the
lateral ones 0.75 mm. wide, all rounded at tip; stamens exserted
8 mm. beyond mouth of corolla tube, the filaments flat and glabrous;
anthers 5 mm. long, the lobes vertical, superposed, the upper 1 mm.
above the lower, the upper lobe 2 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad,
muticous, the lower 2.5 mm. long, muticous or briefly and bluntly
spurred; ovary glabrous; capsules not scen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025712, collected in
dense humid forest on the bank of the Rfo Guapaya, Sierra de la
Macarena, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 450 meters altitude,
November 26, 1949, by W. R. Philipson, J. M. Idrobo, and A. Fern-
fndez, No. 1578. Isotype in the British Museum.

The following also represent the species:

Mera: Rocky side of shaded ravine along the Rfo Duda, at Uribe, altitude
770 meters, December 21, 1942, Fosberg 19492 (US). Vicinity of the Los Micos
landing strip on the left bank of the Rfo Giiejar, on the Sabanas de San Juan de
Arama, 500 meters altitude, January 22, 1951, Jesus M. Idrobo & Richard E.
Schultes 1218 (US).

The thin veiny reddish bracts and narrow white or reddish corollas
are characters by which Justicia macarenensis can be readily recog-
nized.

31. Justicia pharmacodes Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 208

Suffrutex ramosus, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis vel
deorsum glabratis, pilis curvatis, subappressis vel paucis patulis;
lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata et in petiolum breviter decurrens,
aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra parce puberula, subtus
aliquanto puberula, pilis minute curvatis, ascendentibus, cystolithis
obscuris; petioli aliquanto longi, puberuli; spicae axillares, aliquanto
breves; pedunculi longi, erecti vel ascendentes, puberuli, rhache
puberula; bracteae suborbiculares, apice obtusae vel rotundatae,
minute apiculatae, basi unguiculatae, puberulae, costa et venis
lateralibus obscuris; bracteolae ellipticae, apice late obtusae vel
rotundatae, minute apiculatae, basi unguiculatae, puberulae; bracteae

558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

et bracteolae pilis minutis glandulosis in marginibus praeditae;
calycis segmenta parva, 5, lanceolata, acuta, apice parce hirtella,
pilis subappressis vel ascendentibus, curvatis; corolla alba, lineis
purpureis insignis, puberula, tubo lato, brevi, labio superiore erecto,
late cucullato, apice marginibus rugosis, labio inferiore lato, 3-lobato,
lobis ovatis, apice rotundatis, marginibus rugosis; stamina in labio
antico corollae declinata, glabra vel deorsum parce furfuracea, lobis
antherarum leviter superpositis, lobo inferiore caudato; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae.

Branching shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
puberulous or the lower portions glabrate, the hairs up to 0.48 mm.
long, curved, mostly subappressed, a few ascending; leaf blades ovate
or oblong-ovate, up to 25 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base and briefly decurrent on the
petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface spar-
ingly puberulous, the lower surface moderately puberulous but more
densely so than the upper, the hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, curved and
ascending, the cystoliths obscure, the venation moderately prominent
(the lateral veins 8 to 10 pairs); petioles up to 6 cm. long, puberulous;
flowers borne in axillary spikes, these usually 2 to 5 cm. long and 2 to
2.5 cm. broad, sometimes subcapitate, the peduncles erect or as-
cending, up to 10 cm. long, puberulous; rachis puberulous, the lower-
most internode 4 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward
tip; bracts suborbicular, up to 13 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, broadly
obtuse or rounded at the apex and minutely apiculate, unguiculate at
base, the narrowed portion 4 to 6 mm. long and 1 to 2.5 mm. wide,
the entire blade puberulous, the costa and lateral veins evident but not
prominent; bractlets elliptic, up to 1 cm. long and 4 to 4.5 mm. wide,
broadly obtuse and minutely apiculate at apex, unguiculate at base,
the entire bractlet puberulous, both bracts and bractlets often bearing
glandular marginal hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, these intermixed with
the shorter eglandular ones; calyx 4.5 mm. long, deeply segmented,
the segments 5, lanceolate, 4 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, hirtellous
and ciliolate toward tip, the hairs ascending or subappressed, curved,
up to 0.13 mm. long; corolla [18 ‘mm. long, white, marked with purple
lines, puberulous, the hairs straight or curved, up to 0.2 mm. long, the
corolla tube about 1 cm. long, 4 mm. broad at base, 10 mm. broad
at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 8 mm. long, about 12 mm. wide,
cucullate, enclosing the stamens, the lower lip about 13 mm. long and
1 cm. wide at base of the 3 lobes, these ovate, 8 mm. long and 6 mm.
wide, rounded, the margins of both lips crinkled at tip; stamens 18 mm.
long, glabrous or sparingly scurfy toward base; anthers 3.5 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad, slightly superposed, the lower lobe terminating

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 559

in a short tail about 0.1 mm. long; capsules clavate, glabrous, 2 cm.
long, 6 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, the broad seed-containing portion
obscurely and irregularly furrowed, the solid stipe 15 mm. long and
4 mm. broad; retinacula 4.5 mm. long, nearly straight, rounded at
tip; seeds not seen, but, as indicated by the retinacula, 2 in number
(one pair abortive).

Ficure 208.—/Justicia pharmacodes Leonard (a-f, Haught 4072; g, Haught 3816): a, Tip of
plant; b, bract; c, marginal pubescence of bract; d, bractlet and calyx; ¢, corolla; f,
anther; g, capsule valve. (a, Half natural size; b, d, twice natural size; c, 28 times
natural size; ¢, natural size; f, 5 times natural size; g, 1}4 times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1708866, collected near
stream in forest, vicinity of Manaure, Department of Magdalena, 700
meters altitude, April 13, 1944, by Oscar Haught (No. 4072).

Paratypes are Haught’s No. 3999 (US), collected near Barrancas,
170 meters altitude, February 16, 1944, and his No. .3816 (US),
collected in the forest 12 km. north of Codazzi, both localities in the
Department of Magdalena, and Schlim’s No. 887 (K), collected in

560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

forest at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, at Riohacha, Department of
Magdalena.

Haught tells us in his label notes that this species is strictly a forest
plant and is probably poisonous. It dries with a peach-kernel odor
and is not eaten by stock. The flowers are early deciduous, opening
in the early morning and falling by noon.

The spathulate bracts remind one of J. carthaginensis, but that
species does not have long-pedunculate inflorescences, and its bracts
are relatively narrower and the leaf blades smaller. The specific
epithet is from the Greek ¢appyaxédys, meaning poisonous.

32. Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard, sp. nov. Ficurr 209

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel
sursum aliquanto strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata vel ovato-
lanceolata, acuta vel breviter acuminata vel aliquando obtusa, basi
acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata, plus minusve obliqua, firma, integra
vel leviter undulata, glabra vel costa et venis lateralibus parce strigosa,
subtus venis prominentibus, cystolithis sub lente prominentibus;
petioli crassi, glabri vel parce strigosi; spicae 1 vel plures, terminales vel
axillares, breviter pedunculatae, rhache puberula; bracteae obovatae,
obtusae, crassae, minute puberulae et ciliolatae, costa et venis laterali-
bus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; bracteolae oblongo-
lanceolatae, subacutae, minute puberulae et ciliolatae, costa et venis
prominentibus; calycis segmenta oblongo-lanceolata, minute punctata,
ciliata; corolla caerulea, albolineata, puberula, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore erecto, ovato, apice angustato (apice ipso obtuso),
labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina
exserta, lobis superpositis, lobo superiore mutico, clavato-pubescente,
lobo inferiore glabro, caicarato, filamentis planis, glabris; capsulae
glabrae, apice acutae, minute puberulac; retinacula ligulata, apice
tenuia, rotundata; semina brunnea, plana, tuberculata.

Herbs or shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subtetragonal, glabrous
or the upper portions sparingly to moderately strigose, the hairs more
or less in two rows; leaf blades oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, up
to 25 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate or occasion-
ally obtuse at apex, acute to obtuse or rounded and more or less
oblique at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and lateral veins (8 to 12 pairs) sparingly strigose, the venation
prominent beneath, less so above, the cystoliths numerous, conspicuous
under a lens, about 0.28 mm. long; petioles rather stout, up to 6 em.
long, glabrous or sparingly strigose; spikes solitary and terminal or
sometimes both terminal and axillary, up to 11 em. long, 2 em. broad,
the peduncles usually about 5 mm. long, these and the rachis puber-
ulous; bracts obovate, averaging 17 mm. long and 8 mm. wide, obtuse
at tip, narrowed to 3 mm. at base, firm, entire, minutely puberulous

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 561

and ciliolate, veiny, the costa and about 6 pairs of lateral veins prom-
inent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate,
10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, subacute, 1.75 mm. wide at base, minutely
puberulous and ciliolate, the costa and lateral veins (3 or 4 pairs)
prominent; calyx 12 mm. long, deeply segmented, minutely punctate

Ficure 209.—Justicia phytolaccoides Leonard (Haught 6242): a, Tip of stem showing spike
and leaf; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, calyx segment; ¢, anther. (a, Half natural size; b-d,
twice natural size; e, 344 times natural size.)

and ciliolate, the segments oblong-lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2.75 mm.
wide; corollas 3 cm. long, blue, lined with white, puberulous except
the enlarged glabrous basal portion, this 4 mm. broad at base, the
corolla tube narrowed at 7 mm. above base to 3 mm., thence gradually
enlarged to 4 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 15 mm. long,

562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

5 mm. wide, narrowed to an obtuse tip, the lower lip spreading, 15
mm. long, ovate, suborbicular, 3-lobed, the middle lobe 3.5 mm. long
and 4 mm. wide, rounded, the lateral lobes 3 mm. wide, obtuse, some-
what oblique; stamens exserted 12 mm. beyond the mouth of the
corolla tube, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, the lobes superposed vertically
or nearly so, the upper lobe muticous, dorsally densely pubescent, the
lower lobe glabrous, calcarate, the tail blunt, about 0.75 mm. long,
the filaments flattened, glabrous; capsules clavate, 16 to 18 mm. long,
5 mm. wide, 3.5 mm. thick, acute, finely puberulous; retinacula
ligulate, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, the tip thin, whitish, rounded;
seed 4 mm. long, 3.25 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, brown, tuberculate.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 2045848, collected along
stream at San Antonio, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia,
200 meters altitude, June 14, 1948, by Oscar Haught (No. 6242).

Other collections are:

Antioquia: Dry rocks of Rfo Magdalena at Angostura de Nare, André 447 (K).

CunpiInaMARCA: Hacienda Paramillo, on road between Guaduas and Alto de
Aguaclara, 1,040-1,320 meters altitude, July 24, 1947, Garcta-Barriga 12353
(US); 12646 (US).

SANTANDER: San Juan Valley in the vicinity of Puerto Berrfo, between Carare
and Magdalena Rivers, 100-700 meters altitude, June 15, 1935, Haught 1788
(US) ; June 24, 1935, Haught 1807 (US). Along stream in forest at San Fernando,
between Puerto Berrfo and Rfo Carare, 300 meters altitude, June 30, 1939,
Haught 2853 (US).

Touma: Cafién del Rfo Gualf, on the road from Fresno to Faldn, 1,120-1,700
meters altitude, December 5, 1939, Garcia-Barriga 8341 (US). Faldn, region of
“‘Calamonte,”’ 1,120 meters altitude, December 7, 1939, Garcta-Barriga 8346 (US).

WitTHOUT LOCALITY: Mutis 892 (US); 1503 (US).

Garcia-Barriga (No. 12353) describes the flowers of his collection
as being “amarillas.”” This may possibly be an error since some of
the bluish coloration still remains in one of the dried corollas. Aside
from this possible color variation, Garcia-Barriga’s specimen is
identical with the other specimens cited. The flowers of Haught’s
No. 1807 were rose, lined with white, showing that there is some
color variation.

33. Justicia xanthostachya Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 210

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum strigosis, pilis
rigidis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-ovata, apice
subacuta, basi acuta, aliquando firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel parce strigosa, costa et venis prominentibus, cystolithis
obscuris vel nullis; petioli parce strigosi; spicae terminales, solitariae
vel plures paniculam laxam terminalem formantes, pedunculis sub-
quadrangularibus, strigosis, rhachibus hirtellis, pilis albis patulis;
bracteae membranaceae, imbricatae, sulphureo-flavae, elliptico-ovatae,
utrinque acutae, hirtellae, pilis crassis glandulosis et pilis gracilibus

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 563

eglandulosis intermixtis, costa et venis lateralibus gracilibus; bract-
eolae bracteis similes sed minores; calycis segmenta puberula, pilis
papilliformibus, crassis, glandulosis et pilis gracilibus eglandulosis
intermixtis; corolla clara sulphureo-flava, hirtella, pilis patulis vel
retrorsis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo-ovato, acuto, labio inferiore oblongo-obovato, apice
trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta,

Ficure 210.—Justicia xanthostachya Leonard (Kalbreyer 930): a, Tip of plant; b, node of
stem to show leaf blades; c, tip of leaf; d, bract; ¢, bractlet; f, segment of calyx; g, portion
of bract enlarged to show pubescence; h, anther. (a-c, Half natural size; d-f, twice
natural size; g, 234% times natural size; h, 444 times natural size.)

labium superiorem aequalia, lobis antherarum superpositis vertica-
libus, lobo inferiore caudato; ovarium nitidum, papillosum.

Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, upwardly
strigose, the hairs up to 0.11 mm. long, rigid; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic or oblong-ovate, up to 24 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, subacute
at tip, acute at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface
drying dark olive-green, glabrous or sparingly strigose, the hairs up
to 0.19 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs) promi-

564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

nent on both surfaces, the lower surface drying light olive-green,
nitid and sparingly strigose, the cystoliths obscure or lacking; petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, sparingly strigose; flowers borne in terminal spikes
up to 7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, these solitary or several, forming a
loose panicle; peduncles up to 3 em. long, subquadrangular, strigose;
rachis hirtellous, the hairs spreading, up to 0.11 mm. long, white;
bracts imbricate, bright sulphur yellow, elliptic-ovate, up to 28 mm.
long, and 11 mm. wide, acute at both ends, hirtellous, up to 0.13
mm. long, some heavy and gland-tipped, others slender and eglandular,
the costa and 2 or 3 pairs of lateral veins evident but not prominent;
bractlets similar to the bracts but smaller, up to 18 mm. long and 6
mm. wide; calyx 15 mm. long, puberulous, the hairs a mixture of
heavy subpapillate gland-tipped ones and fine slender eglandular
ones, all spreading and up to 0.16 mm. long; corolla 3 em. long, bright
sulphur yellow, hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, spreading or
retrorse, the tube subcylindric, 3 mm. broad at base, constricted at
4 mm. above base to 2.5 mm. thence abruptly enlarged to 4 mm.,
then gradually to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip more or less erect,
oblong-ovate, about 1 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip
more or less spreading, oblong-obovate, 1 cm. long, 3.5 mm. wide at
base of the three lobes, these suborbicular, 1.5 mm. long and rounded
at the tip, the middle lobe about 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones some-
what narrower; stamens reaching tip of the upper corolla lip, the
filaments glabrous, at least above, the anthers 4 mm. long, the cells
superposed and vertically attached to the connective, each 2 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. thick, the lower cell tailed, the tail about 0.75 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. wide; style about 3 cm. long, sparingly and minutely
hirtellous near base, otherwise glabrous, the stigma minute and
bilobed; ovary nitid, papillose; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Carmen, between Ocafia
and Pamplona, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia,
“‘25-3000’” altitude, January 27, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 930).

This well marked species should be easily recognized by its showy
bright sulphur-yellow glandular spikes. There are apparently no
close relatives. The specific epithet is from the Greek £av6és, yellow,
and oraxus, spike.

34. Justicia rehrii Vahl Ficure 196

Justicia rohrit Vahl, Symb. 3: 6. 1794. Type locality: Cajenna (Guyane

Frangaise). Collected by Rohr.
Beioperone rohriti Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 415. 1847. Based on Justicia
rohriit Vahl. Photograph US (Field Mus. No. 22159).

Beloperone rohrit Nees 6 latifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 415. 1847. Type

locality: Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. Collected by Bertero. Type

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 565

in the Delessert Herbarium. Photograph of type in the U. S. National
Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 7849).

Beloperone sanmartensis Rusby, Descr. So. Am. Pl. 128. 1920. Type collected
in low damp parts of the dry forest region near Mamatoca, Santa Marta,
Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 100 feet altitude, November 1898,
by H. H. Smith, No. 96 (Ph, NY [holotype], 8, US).

Shrub up to 2 meters high or more; stems stout, obtusely quad-
rangular, broadly sulcate, minutely puberulous; leaf blades ovate,
oblong-ovate, elliptic or somewhat obovate, 15 to 30 em. long, 7 to
16 cm. wide, short-acuminate or acute, usually narrowed to an obtuse,
rounded or subcordate base although occasionally acute, rather thin,
entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly and min-
utely puberulous, the hairs subappressed, the costa impressed, this
and the lateral veins rather obscure, the lower surface glabrous or the
costa and veins (14 or 15 pairs) minutely and inconspicuously puber-
ulous, the venation prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces minute
(about 0.3 mm. long) and obscure; petioles 2 to 7 cm. long, minutely
puberulous; panicles terminal, up to 22 cm. long and 8 cm. broad,
more or less narrowed toward tip; peduncles stout, up to 5 cm. long,
appressed-puberulous; lowermost nodes of the inflorescence sub-
tended by small leaves; branches of the inflorescence ascending, up
to 9 cm. long, the internodes both of the branches and the rachis
densely hirtellous, the longer hairs gland-tipped, up to 0.5 mm. long,
the flowers and bracts crowded and more or less secund; lowermost
bracts subtending the flowers ovate, 12 mm. long, 9 mm. wide near
base, acute (the tip itself obtuse), rounded at base, densely hirtellous,
the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, some of them terminating in large patel-
liform glands, the costa rather prominent, the lateral veins delicate,
the bractlets oblong-elliptic, 12 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, acute, narrowed
at base, the pubescence and venation that of the bracts, the succeed-
ing bracts and bractlets similar to the lowermost but becoming gradu-
ally smaller toward tip of the inflorescence branches; calyx 13 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the pubescence and venation that of the
bracts and bractlets, the segments lanceolate, slenderly acute, 2.25
mm. wide; corolla white or pale yellow, up to 3 cm. long, rather densely
pubescent except the lower glabrous portion, the hairs spreading, or
retrorse, up to 1 mm. long, the tube 2.25 mm. broad at base, enlarged
to 3 mm. slightly above base and narrowed to 2.25 mm. at 4 mm.
above base, thence gradually enlarged to 4 mm. at throat, the lips
subequal, about 15 mm. long, the upper lip erect, ovate, acute, 7 mm.
wide at base, the lower lip recurved, 3-lobed, 4 mm. wide at base of
lobes, the lobes oblanceolate, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide near tip,
rounded; stamens exserted, reaching tip of the upper corolla lip, the
filaments glabrous, the anther cells obliquely attached to the con-
nective and superposed, the upper lobe 2.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm,

566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

broad, blunt at base, borne at a 40-degree angle from the horizontal,
the lower lobe 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, vertical, the lower
tip terminated by a blunt tail 0.5 mm. long; styles slightly shorter
than the stamens, essentially glabrous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long,
4 mm. broad, about 3 mm. thick, the solid stipitate basal portion
4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, the outer surface finely pubescent, the
hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, those at and near the tip spreading, the
others retrorse; retinacula 3 mm. long, thin, whitish and subtruncate
at tip; seed suborbicular, flattened, about 2.5 mm. long and broad,
strongly papillose.

Limited in Colombia apparently to the arid forested coastal belt of
the Santa Marta region. The following note accompanies H. H.
Smith’s No. 96: “Shrub, 4-6 ft. Common locally in low damp parts
of the dry forest region below 1000 ft. Flowers Nov.—Dec. pale
yellow.”

MaGDALENA: Guamacito, Record 35 (NY). Arid coastal belt south of Santa
Marta, Killip & Smith 21100 (NY, US).

35. Justicia cabrerae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 211

Herba ramosa, caulibus ascendentibus, in nodis basalibus radicanti-
bus, subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina
foliorum ovata vel elliptica, apice obtusa, basi angustata et in petiolum
decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, costa et venis
lateralibus puberulis, cystolithis nullis; petioli puberuli; spicae ter-
minales, anguste ovoideae, rhachibus puberulis; bracteae ovatae vel
ellipticae, acutae, basi angustatae, parce puberulae, ciliatae, pilis
patulis vel ascendentibus; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, ciliatae;
calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, apice gracilia, hirtella; corolla
alba, deorsum glabra, labiis minute hirtellis, tubo hypocrateriformi,
labio superiore erecto, ovato-lanceolato, apice obtuso, emarginato,
labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, apice trilobato, labio medio ovato,
obtuso, lobis lateralibus triangularibus, apice obtusis; stamina vix
exserta, glabra, antheris superpositis, rectis, connectivo lato; ovarium
apice hirtellum.

Branching herbs up to 20 em. high, ascending, rooting at the lower
nodes; stems subquadrangular, puberulous, the hairs retrorsely
curved, up to 0.16 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to elliptic, up to 8 cm.
long and 4 cm. wide, obtuse at tip, narrowed at base and decurrent on
the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the costa and lateral
veins (8 pairs) puberulous, the hairs similar to those on the stems, the
intercostal areas essentially glabrous or minutely hirtellous toward
the margins with narrowly triangular septate hairs, the venation
rather obscure, at least not prominent, the cystoliths lacking; petioles
up to 1.5 cm. long, puberulous; spikes terminating the branches form-
ing poorly defined leafy panicles, the spikes themselves narrowly

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 567

ovoid, up to 5 cm. long and 1.5 to 2 cm. broad, the rachis puberulous;
bracts ovate to elliptic, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, acute,
narrowed at base, the flat surfaces sparingly puberulous, the margins
ciliate with spreading or ascending hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, pinnately
veined, the veinlets coarsely reticulate; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 9
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, ciliate with hairs up to 1 mm. long, the flat
surfaces essentially glabrous; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments 5,
linear-lanceolate, 4.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a

Figure 211.— Justicia cabrerae Leonard (a, d, e, Schultes €% Cabrera 12701; b, ¢, f, Schultes
€$ Cabrera 12679): a, Tip of plant to show inflorescence and leaves; b, bract; ¢, calyx
and one of a pair of bractlets; d, upper lip of corolla, ¢, lower lip showing middle and
one of the lateral lobes; f, anther. (a, Natural size; b, 3 times natural size; ce, 4 times
natural size; f, 11 times natural size.)

slender tip, the upper part hirtellous (the hairs at tip up to 0.25 mm.
long), the lower portion glabrous; corolla white, about 2 cm. long,
glabrous except the lips, these minutely hirtellous, the tube 2 mm.
broad near the base, about 4.5 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip
erect, ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at base, obtuse
and emarginate at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, ovate,
7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide at base of lobes, these 4 mm. long, the middle
one ovate, 4 mm. wide at base, the lateral ones triangular, 2.5 mm.

568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide at base, all three lobes obtuse at tip; stamens glabrous, slightly
exserted beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the anther cells 1.5 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. wide, superposed, vertical, about 0.5 mm. apart,
the upper one on a short slender stalk about 5 mm. long, the connec-
tive 0.25 mm. wide; style as long as the stamens, the stigma 2-lobed,
the lobes lanceolate, slightly recurved, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide;
top of ovary and the base of the style sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
straight, ascending or spreading, up to 0.8 mm. long; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124630, collected at
Soratama, along the Rio Apaporis, between Rio Pacoa and Rio
Kananari, about 250 meters altitude, June 20, 1951, by Richard Evans
Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No. 12701).

Schultes and Cabrera’s No. 12679 (US), collected on a flood bank
on the same date and in the same general region as the type, is also
of this species.

36. Justicia leucerythra Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 212

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus erectis, quadrangularibus, glabris vel
bifariam puberulis, pilis retrorse curvatis, subappressis; lamina foli-
orum oblongo-ovata vel elliptica vel oblongo-obovata, acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto firma, integra vel un-
dulata, utrinque glabra vel costa et venis lateralibus puberulis,
cystolithis inconspicuis et raris; petioli glabri vel puberula, pilis
curvatis; spicae 1 vel plures, terminales vel subterminales, oblongae,
apice obtusae vel truncatae, pedunculatae, rhache puberula, pilis
curvatis, subappressis; bracteae ovatae, acutae vel breviter acumi-
natae, basi angustatae, firmae, glabrae vel parce strigosae, pilis
appressis, ciliatae, costa et venis (crasse reticulatis) aliquanto promi-
nentibus; bracteolae lanceolatae, apice acuto, sensim angustatae,
parce et minute strigosae et ciliatae, costa prominente, venis lateralibus
obscuris; calycis segmenta 5, lineari-lanceolata, ciliolata, minute et
parce strigosa; corolla punicea vel aliquando rubra, subiliter pubescens,
labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore lanceolato, acuto, labio inferiore
plus minusve patulo, 3-lobatis, lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis;
stamina exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, plus minusve obliquis,
lobo inferiore basi breviter calcarato, lobo superiore mutico, filamentis
planis, glabris; capsulae (immaturae) clavatae, glabrae; semina
suborbiculata, plana, muriculata, subrubra.

Slender erect herbs (becoming suffrutescent at maturity) up to 1
meter high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or puberulous, the hairs
retrorsely curved, subappressed, arranged more or less in two rows;
leaf blades oblong-ovate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, 20 cm. long and
6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base,
rather firm, entire or undulate, the costa and lateral veins (6 to 8

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 569

pairs) puberulous, the cystoliths often inconspicuous and scattered;
petioles up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or puberulous with curved hairs;
spikes one or several, terminal and subterminal, up to 7 cm. long and
2.5 cm. broad, obtuse or truncate at tip, the peduncles usually about
1 em. long, the rachis sparingly puberulous, the hairs curved, sub-
appressed, about 0.2 mm. long; bracts ovate, ca. 18 mm. long, 8 mm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate, narrowed to base, firm, glabrous or
sparingly strigose (hairs appressed, white, ca. 75u long), sparingly
ciliate with hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the veins coarsely reticulate,

Ficure 212.—Justicia leucerythra Leonard (Haught 6729): a, Tip of plant showing leaves
and inflorescence; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, calyx; ¢, corolla; f, anther; g, pistil. (@, Half
natural size; b-d, twice natural size; ¢, g, natural size; f, 4 times natural size.)

these and the costa rather prominent; bractlets lanceolate, up to 8
mm. long, 1 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, sparingly
and minutely strigose and ciliate, the costa prominent, the lateral
veins obscure; calyx 5 mm. long, 5-parted, the segments linear-
lanceolate, 4.5 mm. long, ca. 0.6 mm. wide, ciliolate, minutely and
sparingly strigose; corolla pink or occasionally red, up to 33 mm. long,
finely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, the tube 22 mm. broad
at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 3 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, 11 mm. long, the upper

388179—57——17

570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

lip lanceolate, 8 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip more or less spreading,
3-lobed, the lobes oblong, 10 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, rounded at tip,
delicately veined; stamens exserted 8 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla
tube, the anthers 3 mm. long, the lobes 0.5 mm. long, superposed,
somewhat obliquely attached to the connective (0.5 mm. broad),
the upper lobe muticous, the lower terminating at base in a short
blunt spur 0.25 mm. long, the filaments flat, glabrous; ovary glabrous;
style 2.5 em. long, glabrous; stigma bilobed, minute; capsules
(immature) 10 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 2.5 mm. thick; seed orbicular,
flattened, reddish, muriculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2046312, collected in
flood-plain forest at Cerrején, Department of Magdalena, Colombia,
100 meters altitude, December 3, 1949, by Oscar Haught (No. 6729).

ArLAntico: Woods around Los Pendales, Hacienda Riodulee, altitude 20 to
50 meters, Dugand & Jaramillo 4160 (US). Luruaco, Bro. Apolinar 490 (US).
Piojé, Bro. Elias 681 (US). Puerto Colombia, Bro. Elias 1411 (GH, NY, US).
Arroyo del Higuerén, Usiacurf, 100 meters altitude, Dugand & Garcia-Barriga
2287 (US).

Macpa.ena: Forest east of Codazzi, 200 meters altitude, Haught 3739 (US).
Fucurinca, Romero-Castafieda 557 (Ch, US). Hacienda Juan Leén, 150 meters
altitude, Haught 4763 (US).

Justica leucerythra bears a general resemblence to the Peruvian
species J. glabribracteata Lindau., but in that species the bracts are
relatively broader and often obtuse or rounded instead of sharply acute,
and the capsules are more or less hirtellous. The specific epithet is
from the Greek devxépvdpos, meaning pink, in allusion to the pink
corollas.

37. Justicia enarthrocoma Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 213

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, bifariam pilosis, pilis
curvatis, plus minusve patulis, septatis, aureo-brunneis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-obovata, plus minusve panduri-
formis, acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto
tenuis, integra vel undulata, supra subnitida, glabra vel costa parce
puberula, subtus glabra, costa et venis lateralibus puberulis, pilis
aureobrunneis, septatis, cystolithis parvis, inconspicuis; petioli breves,
hirtelli; spicae terminales vel subterminales, pedunculis glabris vel
parce pilosulis, rhache glabra; bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, acutae,
basi subobtusae, tenues, glabrae, parce ciliatae; bracteolae oblongo-
lanceolatae, acutae, basi sessiles et obtusae, glabrae, costa prominente;
calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, aliquanto tenuia, costa prominente;
corolla coccinea, basi glabra, deorsum aliquando pilosa, pilis retrorse
curvatis vel patulis, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore erecto,
ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, trilo-
bato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, fila-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 571

mentis glabris, antherarum lobis obliquis, leviter superpositis, basi
muticis vel minute apiculatis; ovarium glabrum; styli glabri.
Shrub up to 2 meters high, a little branched, the stems subquad-
rangular, the hairs curved, more or less spreading, arranged in 2 rows,
conspicuously septate, golden brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate or
obovate (some of them slightly panduriform), ca. 20 cm. long, 7 cm.

Ficure 213.—Justicia enarthrocoma Leonard (Grant 10900): a, Tip of stem, showing leaf
and inflorescence; b, hair from upper portion of stem; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f,
anther. (a, Half natural size; b, 36 times natural size; c—e, slightly less than natura]
size; f, 344 times natural size.)

wide, acuminate, narrowed at base, rather thin, entire or undulate, the
upper surface subnitid, glabrous or the costa bearing a few small hairs,
the cystoliths 0.25 mm. long, inconspicuous, the lower surface glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), these hiretellous with
ascending golden brown septate hairs up to about 0.25 mm. long, the
cystoliths about 0.2 mm. long, inconspicuous, sometimes drying

572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

blackish in young leaves; petioles up to 5 mm. long, hirtellous; spikes
terminal or subterminal, the peduncles up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or
sparingly hirtellous, the rachis glabrous, marked by a few parallel
cystoliths; bracts oblong-elliptic, 25 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, acute,
obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, sparingly ciliate, the veinlets coarsely
but rather obscurely reticulate; bractlets oblong-lanceolate, 11.5 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. wide, acute, obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, the costa
rather prominent, the lateral veins delicately and coarsely reticulate;
calyx 12.5 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 1.5
mm. wide at middle, acute, rather thin, the costa prominent, the 6 or
more pairs of lateral veins obscure; corolla scarlet, up to 6 cm. long,
except the glabrous basally enlarged portion, rather densely pilose with
spreading or retrorsely curved brownish septate hairs up to 0.5 mm.
long, the tube 3 mm. wide at base, enlarged to 4 mm. at 3 mm. above
base and contracted to 1.5 mm. at 6 mm. above base, thence gradually
enlarged to 6 mm. at mouth, densely and retrorsely pilose at and below
the insertion of the stamens within the tube, the lips subequal, the
upper lip erect, ovate, 12 mm. long, 10 mm. wide near base, 2 mm. wide
near tip, bilobed, the lobes 0.75 mm. long, rounded, the lower lip
spreading, 13 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, 11 mm. long,
4.25 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla tube, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, the
cells slightly superposed and somewhat obliquely attached by a
connective about 0.5 mm. wide, muticous or minutely apiculate at
base; ovary glabrous; style glabrous, rather short; mature capsule
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045441, collected in-
subtropical forest 12 km. east of Codazzi in the Espiritu Santo Valley
of the Sierra de Perijé, Cordillera Oriental, and 13 km. from the
Venezuelan border, Department of Magdalena, Colombia, 1,250
meters altitude, February 11, 1945, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10900).

Justicia enarthrocoma is closely related to J. leucerythra, differing
in the subpanduriform leaf blades, the septate golden brown hairs on
stems and young leaf blades, and the much larger scarlet corollas,
these with a bilobed upper lip. The specific epithet is from the Greek
évapOpos, jointed, and xéyn, hair.

38. Justicia sanchezioides Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 214

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce bifariam
strigosis, pilis plus minusve curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel late lanceolata, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice
ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma, integra vel leviter undulata, glabra,
costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus, supra obscuris;
petioli crassi, glabri vel minute strigosi; paniculae terminales, spicarum
unilateralium compositae; pedunculi dense plus minusve bifariam

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 573

hirsuti, pilis curvatis, subbrunneis vel purpureis; rhachis hirsuta, pilis
plus minusve glandulosis; bracteae acutae et bracteolae acuminatae
subaequales, lanceolatae, intus glabrae vel apice hirsutae, extus ali-
quanto hirsutae, marginibus ciliatae, pilis ascendentibus, nervis
obscuris; calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, apice angustata, intus
strigosa, extus hirtella, pilis subflavis; corolla rosea, parce pubescens,
pilis plus minusve glandulosis, tubo sursum gradatim ampliato, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice obtuso, labio inferiore patulo,
cuneato, apice trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina exserta,
filamentis planis, glabris vel deorsum parce et minute hirtellis, lobis
antherarum superpositis, basi albo-caudatis; ovarium glabrum.
Suffrutescent plants up to 3 meters high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous or sparingly and bifariously strigose, the hairs more or less
curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptic to broadly lanceolate, ca. 28 cm. long,
8 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate, narrowed at base, firm, entire
or shallowly undulate, glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (10 to 15
pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths numerous and
rather prominent under a lens, up to 0.3 mm. long; petioles stout, up
to 1.5 cm. long and 2 mm. in diameter, glabrous or minutely strigose;
inflorescence a terminal panicle composed of several unilateral spikes
up to 12 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide, the peduncles up to 2 cm. long,
densely and more or less bifariously hirsute, the hairs curved, about
0.3 mm. long, brownish or purple, the rachis similarly hirsute or some
of the hairs spreading and glandular; bracts and bractlets subequal,
lanceolate, the inner surface glabrous or hirsute toward tip, the outer
surface moderately hirsute, the hairs yellowish brown, about 0.5 mm.
long, the margins ciliate with ascending hairs, the bracts 18 mm. long
and 3 mm. wide near base, acute, the bractlets slightly longer than the
bracts, 1 to 2 mm. wide, acuminate, both bracts and bractlets ob-
scurely nerved; calyx 17 mm. long, the segments 5, lanceolate, 15 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide at middle, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
strigose within, hirtellous without, the hairs yellowish, about 0.3 mm.
long, the costa and lateral veins obscure; corolla 6.5 cm. long, pale
purple (‘‘cférdeno pélida,’”’ Cuatrecasas) or bright rose (Klug), the tube
rather gradually ampliate upwardly, the basal portion (5 mm. long)
2 mm. in diameter, thence expanding to 6 mm. at throat, sparingly
and finely pubescent, some of the hairs glandular, the upper lip erect,
oblong-ovate, up to 37 mm. long and 8 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to 2 mm. at the rounded subtruncate tip, the lower lip
spreading, 7 mm. wide near tip, gradually narrowed to 5 mm. at base,
the 3 lobes ovate, 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
reaching to 7 mm. below tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the fila-
ments flat, glabrous or sparingly and minutely hirtellous toward

574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

base, the anther cells slightly superposed, 2.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm.
broad, caudate at base, the tails whitish, about 0.5 mm. long; pistil
extending about 5 mm. beyond the stamens, the stigma capitate;
ovary glabrous.

“i,
Je in) fh

Life iy y

Li
OTS

Ficure 214.—Justicia sanchexioides Leonard (Cuatrecasas 10581): a, Tip of plant showing
inflorescence and leaf blade; b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, a marginal hair from bract; ¢, tip
of bractlet enlarged to show pubescence (dorsal surface); f, a glandular hair from a
bractlet; g, a segment of the calyx (dorsal surface); A, corolla; 7, anther. (a, Half
natural size; b, ¢, g, natural size; d, f, 40 times natural size; ¢, 10 times natural size;
h, about 14% times natural size; i, 5 times natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1798530, collected in
the wet forests along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, Comisarfa
of Putamayo, Colombia, 230 meters altitude, November 14, 1940, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 10581).

Caqueth: Florencia, December 1930 Pérez-Arbeldez 746 (US).

Putumayo: Forests at Umbria, 325 meters altitude, October to November,
1930, Klug 1693 (US). Mocoa, May 23, 1899, Sprague 387 (IX).

SANTANDER: San Gil, Apolinar-Maria 92 (GH). Forests of Soto, Schlim
1093 (K).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 575

Justicia sanchezioides is easily recognized by its inflorescence of
unilateral spikes, the narrow bracts and bractlets (these similar),
the large pink flowers, and large glabrous leaf blades.

39. Justicia homeea Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 215

Suffrutex gracilis, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotund-
atis), minute et antrorse strigosis, pilis aureo-brunneis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, apice breviter acuminata, basi subobtusa, firma,
undulata vel leviter et obscure crenulata, utrinque glabra, costa
et venis subtus conspicuis parce strigosis excepta, venulis graciliter
reticulatis, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli aliquanto longi,
minute strigosi, pilis aureo-brunneis; spicae magnae, binae vel ternae,
densae, axillares et terminales, bracteis quadrifariis, pedunculis et
rhachibus subquadrangularibus, dense hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus,
rigidis, rectis; bracteae paululum obovatae, acutae, sessiles, valde
parallelo-nervatae, aliquanto dense puberulae, pilis subpapilliformibus,
vel apice pilis paucis longioribus eglandulosis praeditae, marginibus
ciliatis; bracteae similes sed minores; calycis segmenta lineari-
lanceolata, acuta, puberula, pilis papillosis glandulosis et pilis long-
ioribus eglandulosis intermixtis; corolla rosea, dense et retrorse
hirtella, pilis rigidis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice rotundato, labio inferiore
valde recurvato, cuncato, trilobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
vix exserta, filamentis sursum glabris, basi auriculatis, dense pilosis,
pilis rectis, patulis, subalbidis, antheris glabris, lobis verticalibus
superpositis, lobo inferiore caudato; ovarium glabrum.

Slender shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, the
angles rounded, minutely and antrorsely strigose, the hairs up to
0.2 mm. long, golden brown; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 26 cm.
long and 11.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, subobtuse at base, firm,
undulate or shallowly and indistinctly crenate, both surfaces glabrous
except the costa and lateral veins, these conspicuous especially beneath
and sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0.24 mm. long, the veinlets
delicately reticulate beneath, the cystoliths numerous and con-
spicuous under a lens, up to 0.32 mm. long; petioles up to 4 cm. long
and 2.75 mm. thick, minutely strigose with yellowish hairs; flowers
borne in dense axillary and terminal spikes, these borne in pairs or in
threes, up to 10 cm. long and 13 mm. thick, the bracts quadrifarious,
the peduncles about 1 cm. long, these and the rachis subquadrangular,
densely hirtellous with yellowish ascending straight rigid hairs up to
0.2 mm. long; bracts slightly obovate, 11 mm. long, 4.25 mm. wide
slightly above the middle, acute, sessile, strongly parallel-nerved (4
to 6 pairs of lateral nerves), rather densely puberulous with erect
straight glandular subpapillate hairs up to 0.03 mm. long and bearing

576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

toward tip a few additional ascending eglandular hairs up to 0.24 mm.
long, the inner surface essentially glabrous, the margins ciliate with
hairs about 0.16 mm. long; bractlets similar but smaller (6.5 mm. long,
2 mm. wide); calyx 1 cm. long, the segments linear-lanceolate, 8.5 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, the pubescence similar to that of the bracts and
bractlets; corolla rose color, 2.3 cm. long, densely and retrorsely

Ficure 215.— Justicia homoea Leonard (Haught 4565): a, Tip of plant; 5, bract; c, portion
of bract to show nature of pubescence; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx segment; f, tip of corolla;
& portion of corolla tube enlarged to show nature of pubescence; h, base of stamen;
1, anther. (a, Half natural size; b, d, ¢, 3 times natural size; ¢, g, 44 times natural
size; f, twice natural size; A, 6 times natural size; 1, 5 times natural size.)

hirtellous with rigid hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, the tube rather narrowly
cylindric, 2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm. above base to
1.5 mm., thence enlarged to 2 mm. at the throat, the lips subequal,
8 mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, about 4 mm. wide near
base, 1 mm. wide at tip, rounded, the lower lip strongly recurved,
cuneate, about 6 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these 3, ovate, 3.5 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 577

long, the middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones slightly narrower,
all rounded; stamens reaching tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the
filaments flat, glabrous except the auriculate base, the auricles densely
pilose with straight spreading whitish hairs about 0.32 mm. long, the
anthers 3.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad, glabrous, the cells superposed
and vertically attached to the connective, the cells about equal in
length, the lower one caudate, the tail about 0.75 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide, rounded at tip; style exserted about 5 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous toward tip, hirtellous toward base,
the stigma minute, subcapitate; ovary glabrous except the hirsute
tip, the hairs ascending, up to 0.32 mm. long, capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995082, collected in
wet forest southeast of Chigorodo, 40 km. south of Turbo, Depart-
ment of Antioquia, Colombia, 50 meters altitude, April 15, 1945, by
Oscar Haught (No. 4565).

Justicia homoea has the same habit and general appearance as
J. phlebophylla Leonard (Haught, No. 4564); in fact, plants of the two
species were growing in the same colony. Both are slender shrubs 2
meters high, with large, almost glabrous, veiny leaves bearing numer-
ous conspicuous cystoliths. The spikes of the two species are, how-
ever, definitely dissimilar. Those of J. homoea have oblong, slightly
obovate, strongly nerved bracts up to 11 mm. long and 4.25 mm. wide
and the flowers are 4-ranked; in J. phlebophylla the flowers are secund
and the bracts are ovate and 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide. The
corolla of the latter is purple, marked with light lines; that of J.
homoea is rose color. The specific epithet is from the Greek word
$no.os, meaning similar, in allusion to its resemblance to J. phlebophylla.

40. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau

Justicia filibracteolata Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 673. 1897. Type col-
lected along the Rio Guacaica near Manizales, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 1,800 meters altitude, September 14, 1883, by F. C. Lehmann,
No. 3094. Photograph of type (B) in the U.S. National Herbarium (Field
Mus. No. 8826).

Dianthera secunda (Vahl) Griseb. var. holionit Hochr. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
6: 287. 1910. Type collected at La Paila, Department of Cauca, Colombia,
June 6, 1853, by I. F. Holton, s. n. Holotype NY, isotype K.

Herbs rarely over 1 meter high, erect or ascending, simple or mod-
erately branched; stems obscurely quadrangular, shallowly sulcate,
at least above, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs curved and
subappressed, about 0.25 mm. long, disposed more or less in 2 rows,
the internodes of the stems up to 12 cm. long but usually 6 cm. or
less; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 20 cm. long and 6 cm. wide but
averaging 15 cm. in length and 3 cm. in width, acuminate, often
slenderly so (the tip itself acute or obtuse), narrowed at base, rather
thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous or sparingly to

578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

moderately hirsute, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, more or less curved,
the lower surface glabrous or very sparingly hirtellous or occasionally
rather densely so, the hairs curved, up to 0.38 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs) prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
small but rather prominent under a lens, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles
1 to 1.5 cm. long or occasionally up to 4 cm. long, the channels more
or less densely puberulous with curved hairs; flowers borne in dense
panicles usually up to 10 cm. long and 3 em. broad, the flowers and
bracts more or less secund, the rachises and peduncles rather densely
puberulous, the hairs retrorsely curved, about 0.1 mm. long, the pedun-
cles 2 to 6 cm. long, the lower branches of the panicle often borne in
the axils of the uppermost leaf blades; bracts subulate, usually up to
12 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, keeled, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, brownish; bractlets subulate,
up to 3 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous ;
calyx 1 cm. long, deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 9 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide slightly above middle, rather densely hirtellous,
the hairs straight, brownish, up to 0.3 mm. long, the costa, veins and
reticulated veinlets prominent; corolla 2 to 4 cm. long, pink, purple,
violet or lilac, glabrous below, finely pilose toward tip, the hairs
spreading, up to 0.4 mm. long, the nerves conspicuous, the tube 1
cm. long, 2.5 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 4 mm. at
mouth, the upper lip oblong-elliptic, more or less erect, 12 mm. long,
4 mm. wide at middle, plicate, dorsally pilose, minutely glandular-
puberulous on the upper surface, rounded and emarginate at tip, the
lower lip ovate, spreading, 13 mm. long, 9 mm. wide, transversely
fluted, saccate, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, rounded, 3 mm. long, 2.5
mm. wide; stamens exserted 8 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla,
the filaments glabrous or bearing a few hairs near the base, the staminal
plaits densely and retrorsely pilose, the anther lobes slightly super-
posed, the connective 0.75 mm. broad, the upper lobe 1.5 mm. long,
0.75 mm. broad, white-puberulous on margin, muticous and subapic-
ulate at base, the lower cell 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, white-
puberulous on margin, tipped by a white tail about 0.2 mm. long;
style 17 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma minutely bilobed; capsule
short-clavate, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 2.5 mm. thick (the solid basal
portion 3.5 mm. long), rather sparingly and finely puberulous, the
hairs white, up to 0.15 mm. long, retrorsely ascending except at tip
of capsule, there spreading; retinacula 2 mm. long, curved, the tip
thin, obtuse, subcucullate, minutely lacerate; seeds 4, ovate, flattened,
2.5 long, 2 mm. broad, about 0.5 mm. thick, glabrous, the margin re-
curved over a concave surface and bordered by a row of flattish hairs
up to 0.2 mm. long, these merging to form a thin lamina toward base
of seed.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 579

The species is partial to forests and thickets, often growing along
streams. It occurs at various altitudes (50 to 2,000 meters) but
seems to be most common between 1,000 and 2,000 meters.

Antroguta: Cocorndé, Bro. Daniel 1790 (US). Fredonia, Archer 638 (US); Toro
842 (NY). Jericé, Bro. Daniel & Bro. Tomds 3366 (US). Medellin, Archer 871
(US). Turbo, Haught 4772 (US); 4773 (US). Santo Domingo, Scolnik, Araque
& Barkley 19 An. 439 (US).

Caupas: La Sombra, east of Apia, Pennell 10273 (GH, NY). Rfo Quindfo,
above Armenia, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8697 (GH, Ph, NY, US).

Cauca: Timbiquf, Lehmann B. T. 4385 (K, NY).

Cuocé: Cupica, Fernandez 350 (US). Quebrada Guarapo, near Andagoya,
Killip 35198 (US).

Cunprnamarca: Choachf, January 18, 1854, Holton s.n., (NY). La Esperanza
Garcia-Barriga 3067 (US). Paime, Ariste-Joseph 1082 (US). Guaduas, Uribe-
Uribe 2336 (US).

Eu Vauie: Valley of Albdn, between Quebradita del Retiro and Rfo Albdn,
Cuatrecasas 22620 (US). Cuchilla, east of Zarzal, Pennell, Killip & Hazen 8505
(GH, NY, US).

Mera: Macoya Guafa, Rio Meta, Cuatrecasas 4139 (Col).

Norte pp SANTANDER: Vicinity of Chindcota, Killip & Smith 20807 (US).
Villamarina, between Pamplona and Cucuta, Garganta-F dbrega 782 (US).

SanTANDER: Vicinity of California, Killip & Smith 17031 (U8). Vicinity of
Charta, Killip & Smith 19040 (GH, US).

Touima: Buenavista, Triana s.n. (Col, NY). Libano, Pennell 3390 (GH,
NY, US).

Wirnovut LocaLity: Mutis 1512 (US).

KEY TO THE VARIETIES

Stems glabrous, puberulous or sparingly hirtellous.
Leaf blades lanceolate, acuminate (usually slenderly so) narrowed at base;

corollas pink, red, purple or red-violet__--.------------ var. filibracteclata
Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse, acute or short-acuminate at tip,
rounded or abruptly narrowed at base; corollas blue--------- var. azurea
Stems rather densely pilose or hirsute, the hairs more or less disposed in two lines.
Inflorescence conspicuously gray-pilosulous- ----------------- var. pubescens
Inflorescence not gray-pilosulous, the hairs brownish.
Corollas white___.._------------------------------------>- var. leucantha
Corollas orange-yellow- -------------------------------- var. aurantiaca
Corollas lilac___-.------------------------------------77> var. lilacina

40a. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. azurea Leonard, var. nov.

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis retrorse
curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata, obtusa, vel acuta
vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso acuto), basi rotundata vel acuta, in
petiolum decurrens, utrinque glabra vel costa et venis parce puberulis;
bracteae et bracteolae et calycis segmenta minute hirtella et ciliolata;
corolla azurea.

Herbs about 1.8 meters high, stems subquadrangular, puberulous,
the hairs retrorsely curved; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, obtuse,
acute, or short-acuminate (the tip itself acute), rounded or narrowed

580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

at base and decurrent on the petiole; petioles up to 2 cm. long, puber-
ulous with recurved hairs; rachises, bracts, bractlets and calyx seg-
ments minutely hirtellous and ciliolate; corolla blue.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772289, collected in
thicket along the Rio Dagua, near Cisneros, Department of El Valle,
Colombia, 300 to 500 meters altitude, May 5, 1939, by E. P. Killip
(No. 35589).

40b. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. pubescens Lindau
Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. pubescens Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:
674. 1897. Type collected in the vicinity of Ocafia, Department of Norte
de Santander, Colombia, 3,500 meters altitude, by L. Schlim, No. 196.
Suffrutescent subscandent herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems
and leaf blades moderately to rather densely hirsute, the hairs up to
0.6 mm. long, more or less curved, spreading or ascending; bracts,
bractlets, and calyx densely gray-pilosulous, the hairs more or less
spreading, white, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx segments often purple;
corolla pinkish red to bright red.
Justicia filibracteolata var. pubescens is a forest plant usually found
between 1,600 and 2,200 meters altitude.

Cunpinamarca: La Palma, road to Pacho along the Rio Murca, Garcta-
Barriga 12417 (US). El Pefién, Hacienda Curiche, Garcia-Barriga 12467 (US).

Norte DE SANTANDER: Woods in the vicinity of Toledo, Killip & Smith 20080
(GH, NY, US).

SANTANDER: Vicinity of California, Killip & Smith 17042 (GH, NY, US).
Vicinity of Suraté, Killip & Smith 16491 (GH, NY, US), 16816 (GH, NY, US).
San Juan Valley, vicinity of Puerto Berrio, Haught 1862 (US).

40c. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. leucantha Leonard, var. nov.

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense bifariam pilosis, pilis
retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum magna, oblongo-elliptica; corolla
alba.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high or more; stems subquad-
rangular, pilose, the hairs retrorsely curved, disposed in two lines,
brownish, up to 1 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm.
long and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself acute), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, the upper surface glabrous to
sparingly pilose, the lower surface more densely so, the hairs of both
surfaces brownish, up to 1.5 mm. long, subappressed to ascending,
more numerous on costa and veins of the lower leaf-surface than else-
where; corolla white; capsules densely puberulous, in other respects
similar to the typical variety.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1853617, collected at
500 meters altitude at Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia,
by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 4513). Isotype in the U. S. National Her-
barium, No. 2056178,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 581

The following also represent the variety:

Cunpinamarca: Moist forest between Pipiral and Susumuco, southeast of
Quetame, Pennell 1714 (GH, NY).

Mera: Dense humid forests on the bank of Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Ma-
carena, Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez 1580 (BM, US). Rich soil of damp rocky
woods along the Rfo Guatiqufa, vicinity of Villavicencio, Araque & Barkley
18M.015 (US); 18M.026 (US); 18M.027 (US). Ocoa, near Villavicencio, Schiefer
828 (GH). Villavicencio, Killip 34855 (US); Sprague 139 (K). Along the Rio
Guamal between Acacfas and San Martin, 430 meters altitude, Uribe-Uribe
1320 (US).

The heavy brownish bifarious pilosity of the stems, the large
oblong-elliptic short-acuminate leaf blades, and the white corollas are
characters of Justicia filibracteolata var. leucantha which readily
separate it from the typical variety. Pennell’s No. 1714 was collected
between 1,100 and 1,300 meters, the other specimens cited were from
between 350 and 500 meters. The specific epithet leucantha is from
the greek devxds, white, and &v6os, flower.
40d. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. aurantiaca Leonard, var. nov.

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, pilosis, pilis brunneis, plus
minusve bifariam dispositis; lamina foliorum plus minusve dense
pilosis; corolla aurantiaca.

Suffrutescent; stems subquadrangular, these and the rachises rather
densely pilose, the hairs brownish, up to 2 mm. long, more or less
disposed in two rows; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, up to 17 cm.
long and 6 cm. wide, acute or short-acuminate, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces pilose, the younger leaves
densely so, the hairs brownish, up to 1.5 mm. long, subappressed to
spreading; petioles about 1 cm. long, pilose at least above; bracts and
calyx segments conspicuously ciliate, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long,
mostly spreading, brownish; corollas orange-yellow.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1773531, collected at
Villavicencio, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 500 meters altitude,
November 11, 1938, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 4701).

Justicia filibracteolata var. aurantiaca seems to be more closely
related to the variety pubescens than to the typical variety.
40e. Justicia filibracteolata Lindau var. lilacina Leonard, var. nov.

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus plus minusve bifariam pilosa, pilis
brunneis, lamina foliorum saepe magna, oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel
breviter acuminata; corolla lilacina.

Herbs becoming suffrutescent; stems subquadrangular, pilose, the
hairs brownish, curved, up to 1 mm. long, more or less disposed in two
rows; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 em. long and 8.5 cm. wide,
acute or short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole; corollas lilac.

582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1799251, collected in
woods between Sucre and La Portada, Comisarfa del Caqueté, Colom-
bia, 1,200 to 1,350 meters altitude, April 5, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas
(No. 9147).

Mera: Stones on river bank, Rfo Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena, 450 meters
altitude, November 29, 1949, Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez 1627 (BM, US);
1634 (BH).

Putamayro: Umbrfa, Klug 1768 (GH, 8, US).

41. Justicia porphyrocoma Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 216

Herba vel suffrutex, ascendens, in nodis radicans, caulibus sub-
quadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, sursum retrorse pilosis, pilis
septatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel acuminata, basi
angustata, supra dense pilosa, pilis purpureis, curvatis, ascendentibus,
conspicue septatis, subtus plus minusve glabra, costa et venis hirtellis,
pilis parvis, patentibus, cystolithis obscuris; petioli graciles, plus
minusve pilosi; spicae terminales, pedunculo aliquanto longo, quad-
rangulari, bifariam hirsuto, pilis ascendentibus, rhache glabra vel parce
hirtella; bracteac lanceolatac, acutae, glabrae, cystolithis minutis,
parallelis, conspicuis; bracteolae lanceolatae, glabrae vel apice
hirtellae; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuminata, glabra,
marginibus minute ciliolatis exceptis, pilis ascendentibus, cystolithis
plus minusve conspicuis; corolla ignota; capsulae clavatae, glabrae;
retinacula angusta, curvata, apice acuta; semina plana, subbrunnea,
muricata.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 60 cm. high or more, ascending,
rooting at the nodes; stems subquadrangular, about 4 mm. in diameter
near base, the lower parts glabrous, the upper parts retrorsely pilose,
the hairs up to 0.6 mm. long, conspicuously septate; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide, acute to acuminate, nar-
rowed at base, the upper surface rather densely pilose, the hairs
purplish, curved, ascending, up to 0.75 mm. long, conspicuously
septate; the lower surface more or less glabrous except the costa and
veins (about 8 pairs), these hirtellous, the hairs ascending, about
0.28 mm. long, the cystoliths obscure; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long,
rather slender, more or less pilose; flowers borne in terminal spikes
up to 6 cm. long and 15 mm. broad; peduncles 2 to 3 cm. long, quad-
rangular, bifariously hirsute, the hairs ascending, the rachis glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous; bracts lanceolate, about 5 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide, acute, glabrous, the cystoliths minute, parallel, conspicuous;
bractlets lanceolate, about 6.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
glabrous or hirtellous near tip; calyx 22 mm. long, glabrous, deeply
segmented, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, acu-
minate, minutely ciliolate, the hairs ascending, the cystoliths more or

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 083

less conspicuous; corollas not seen; capsules clavate, 18 mm. long,
4mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, glabrous, the retinacula 2 mm. long, curved,
narrow, acute at tip; seed (immature) ovoid, flattened, about 2 mm.
long and 1.5 mm. wide, brownish, muricate.

Ficure 216.—Justicia porphyrocoma Leonard, sp. nov. (Ariste- Joseph “B”): a, Tip of plant
to show leaves and inflorescence; b, a hair from the upper surface of a leaf blade; ¢,
node of inflorescence to show a bract and bractlet; d, a small portion of a bract to show
cystoliths and ciliolated margin; ¢, a calyx segment; f, valve of a capsule, dorsal view.
(a, Natural size; 6, 25 times natural size; ¢, 214 times natural size; d, about 9 times
natural size; ¢, 13g times natural size; f, twice natural size.)

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1122813, collected at
Paime, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1922, by Bro.
Ariste-Joseph (No. ‘B’’).

The specific epithet is from the Greek ropdipeos, purple, and «dyn,
hairs, in allusion to the pubescence of the upper surface of the leaf
blades.

584. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

42. Justicia periplocifolia Jacq.

Justicia periplocifolia Jacq. Collect, Suppl. 5, pl. 7, fig. 2.1796. Type collected
at Caracas, Venezuela, by Jacquin. Photograph of type in the Vienna Her-
barium in the U. S. National Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 32730).

Justicia reflexiflora Vahl, Enum. 1: 157. 1804. Type collected on gravelly
mountain, St. Thomas, West Indies, by Richard.

Adhatoda periplocifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 395. 1847. Based on Justicia
pertplocifolia Jacq.

Adhatoda reflexiflora Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 398. 1847. Based on Justicia
reflexiflora Vahl.

Suffrutescent plants, sometimes weakly clambering over small
bushes; stems terete or the upper portions obscurely quadrangular,
glabrous or the nodes bearing a few minute curved subappressed
hairs; leaf blades usually narrowly lanceolate, but sometimes oblong-
ovate, up to 16 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, often slenderly so,
narrowed, obtuse orrounded at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate,
both surfaces glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs)
sparingly puberulous, the hairs subappressed, up to 0.15 mm. long,
the venation obscure, the cystoliths minute and inconspicuous;
petioles up to 1 cm. long, minutely puberulous; flowers sessile, axillary
or the uppermost forming dense to lax spikes, these sometimes up to
6 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad; bracts and bractlets subequal, linear-
lanceolate, 15 mm. long, the bracts 1.5 mm. wide, the bractlets 1 mm.
wide, both bracts and bractlets slenderly acuminate, sparingly hirtel-
lous, the hairs ca. 0.2 mm. long, usually some of them glandular; calyx
12 mm. long, deeply segmented, sparingly hirtellous, the segments
lanceolate, 1.5 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, white-margined;
corolla up to 4.5 cm. long, rose-red, sparingly pubescent, the hairs
up to 0.2 mm. long, some of them glandular, the corolla tube up to
2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to
2 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 5.5 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip conical-ovate, 2 cm. long, erect, 8 mm. wide at base, 1.5 mm. wide
at tip, rounded or shallowly emarginate, the lower lip spreading,
oblong, 10 mm. wide, trilobate at tip, the lobes ovate, 7 mm. long,
4 mm. wide at base, rounded; stamens exserted 15 mm. beyond mouth
of the corolla, the filaments flat, glabrous, the anther lobes superposed,
the connective 0.5 mm. wide, the upper lobe 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide, the lower 3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, the base tipped by a
white blunt sigmoid tail 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide ; Style reaching
tip of stamens, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs toward base;
capsules clavate, 15 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, 5 mm. thick (the solid
basal portion flat, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide), obtuse, finely puberulous;
retinacula 2.5 mm. long, the tip flat and bidentate; seed subspherical,
3 mm. in diameter, 2 mm. thick, minutely gray tomentose, the coating
deciduous leaving the seed reddish brown to black, smooth and nitid.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 585

Occasional in northern South America but more general in México
and the West Indies. Thickets, slopes, and banks, limited more or
less to coastal regions.

Arauca: Rfo Casanare, Barranco de Atahuarpa, altitude 120 meters, Cuatrecasas
4269.

43. Justicia sciota Leonard, sp. nov. Fieurn 217

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi an-
gustata, firma, integra, utrinque glabra vel costa et venis prominenti-
bus, puberulis, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli glabri; spicae axil-
lares, solitariae vel binae, graciles, pedunculis et rhachibus minute
et parce strigosis; bracteae subulatae, subcarinatae, parce strigosae;
bracteolae anguste triangulares, acutae, parvae; calycis segmenta
parva, triangularia, acuta, ciliata; corolla alba, puberula, tubo ali-
quanto angusto, labiis subaequalibus, Jabio superiore triangulo-ovato,
apice rotundato et emarginato, labio inferiore oblongo, trilobato, lobiis
oblongo-ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, filamentis
glabris, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis, glabris, lobo inferiore
subacuto; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 130 cm. high; stems subquadrangular, glabrous; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 20 cm. long, 7 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, firm, entire, both surfaces
glabrous or the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) sparingly puberu-
lous, the hairs curved, about 0.2 mm. long, the venation rather
prominent, more so beneath than above, the cystoliths prominent
beneath, up to 0.2 mm. long, obscure above; petioles up to 15 cm.
long, glabrous; spikes solitary or in pairs, up to 4 cm. long and 8 mm.
broad, rather dense, the peduncles (up to 3 cm. long) and rachises
minutely and sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0.1 mm. long; bracts
subulate, subcarinate, 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide near base, sparingly
strigose, the hairs about 0.1 mm. long; bractlets narrowly triangular,
1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, sharply acute, ciliate; calyx 3 mm.
long, the segments nearly triangular, 0.75 mm. wide at base, sharply
acute, ciliate, bearing several small trichomes at tip; corolla white, pu-
berulous, up to 38 mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed
to 1.5 mm. at 3 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at
mouth, the lips up to 11 mm. long, the upper lip triangular ovate,
5 mm. wide at base, emarginate and rounded at tip, the lower lip
oblong, 5 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed at tip, the lobes oblong-ovate,
about 8 mm. long, the middle lobe 4 mm. wide, the lateral slightly
narrower, all rounded; stamens exserted about 10 mm. beyond mouth
of corolla, the filaments glabrous the anthers superposed, almost
vertically attached, the connective 1.5 mm. long between points of

388179 —57-——18

586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

attachment and 0.5 mm. wide, the lobes 2.25 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad,
glabrous, the lower lobe subacute at base; ovary glabrous; capsule
not seen.

Type in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, No.
1014436, collected in forest at Poponte, in the Magdalena Valley,

Ficure 217,— Justicia sciota Leonard (Cyril Allen 844): a, Tip of plant showing inflorescence
and leaf blade; 5, bract, bractlet and calyx; c, bractlet enlarged to show pubescence;
d, calyx segment; ¢, corolla; f, anther. (a, Half natural size; 6, 34% times natural size;
c, d, 6 times natural size; ¢, natural size; f, 4 times natural size.)

Department of Magdalena, Colombia, December 12, 1924, by Cyril
Allen (No. 844). Isotype: K.

The specimens examined had dried to a dark olive-black color.
The corollas of the Kew specimens were much smaller (about 24 mm.
long) than those of the Missouri sheet. The specific epithet is from
the Greek oxww7rés, meaning shaded.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 587

44, Justicia phlebophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Fieure 218
Frutex gracilis, caulibus quadrangularibus, sursum minute antrorse
strigosis, pilis subflavis, deorsum glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-
ovata vel elliptica, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa vel rotundata, firma et aliquanto chartacea, glabra vel subtus
in costa minute strigosa, cystolithis pluribus et conspicuis; petioli
crassi, glabri vel parce et minute strigosi; spicae solitariae vel plures,
terminales, floribus secundis dense praeditae, pedunculis minute
strigosis vel subglabris, rhache dense puberula, pilis brunneis; bracteae
arcte appressae, ovatae, acutae, valde 5-7-nervatae, puberulae;
bracteae flores subtendentes triangulares, acutae, striato-nervatae,
minute hirsutae et ciliolatae; bracteolae triangulares, acutae, ciliatae;
calycis segmenta lineari-lancecolata, acuta vel subacuta, obscure
striata, graciliter et parce pubescentia et ciliata; corolla aliquanto
parva, purpurea, in fauce albo-lineata, tubo subcylindrico, labio
superiore erecto, triangulo-ovato, apice acuto, labio inferiore patulo,
3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis in margine pilis
minutis glandulosis praeditis, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis,
lobo inferiore breviter albo-calcarato; ovarium apice pubescens.
Slender shrub; stems quadrangular, glabrous below, the upper
portions minutely and upwardly strigose, the hairs yellowish, up to
0.11 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate to elliptic, up to 20 cm. long
and 10.5 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate, acute, obtuse or rounded
at base, firm and somewhat chartaceous, both surfaces glabrous or
the costa beneath minutely and inconspicuously strigose, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous; petioles up to 5.5 cm. long and 2.25 mm.
thick, glabrous or sparingly and minutely strigose; spikes one to
several, terminal, up to 8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, densely flowered,
the peduncles up to 4 em. long, minutely strigose to subglabrous, the
rachis densely brown-puberulous with hairs up to 0.2 mm. or occa-
sionally longer, the flowers secund; sterile bracts opposite the flowers
closely appressed to the rachis, ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near
base, acute, strongly 5- to 7-nerved, puberulous like the rachis; bracts
subtending the flowers triangular, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base,
acute, striate nerved, minutely hirsute and ciliolate; bractlets triangu-
lar, 1.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, acute, ciliate, the basal
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, the cystoliths
minute but conspicuous on both bracts and bractlets; calyx 1 cm. long,
the segments subulate, 6-8 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, acuminate,
striate, finely and sparingly pubescent and ciliate, the hairs up to 0.25
mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long, rather densely pubescent with hairs
variously curved and about 0.16 mm. long, purple with light lines on
the medial inner surface of lips and throat, the corolla tube 2 mm.

588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 4 mm. above base, thence
gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, triangular,
about 5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, the
lower lip spreading, oblong with narrowed base, 6.5 mm. wide, trun-

Ficure 218.— Justicia phlebophylla Leonard (a, b, d-g, Haught 4564; c, Hodge 6978): a,
Tip of plant showing leaf and inflorescence; b, portion of leaf blade bordering costa
(under surface) enlarged to show veinlets and cystoliths; ¢, portion of spike, ventral
view; d, bract, a bractlet and calyx; ¢, a calyx segment; f, corolla; g, anther. (a, Half
natural size; b, about 4 times natural size; c, natural size; d, 2}4 times natural size;
¢, 4 times natural size; f, twice natural size; g, 8 times natural size.)

cate at tip and 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, 1 mm. long, the middle one
2.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones 2 mm. wide; stamens almost reaching
the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the filaments bearing a row of
minute glandular hairs, the anthers 3 mm. long and 0.75 mm. thick,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 589

the lobes superposed, 1.5 mm. long, vertically attached to the con-
nective, the lower lobe terminating in a blunt white spur 0.5 mm.
long; ovary pubescent at tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1995081, collected along
a stream in wet forest southeast of Chigorodo, 40 km. south of Turbo,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 50 meters altitude, April 15,
1945, by Oscar Haught (No. 4564).

ANTIOQuIA: Dense damp forests between Rio Guapé and Rfo Leén, 100 meters
altitude, March 18, 1948, Eduardo Rutz Landa, Rafael Rivera, & Fred A. Barkley
18C.430 (US). Trail through rain forests near Villa Arteaga, 150 meters altitude,
December 6, 1948, F. Lépez & M. J. Sanchez 41 (US); August 4 to 8, 1947, W. H.
Hodge 6978 (US).

The dense spikes, with small triangular bracts, the slender calyx
segments, and the relatively large, papery, conspicuously veiny leaf
blades covered with cystoliths are the distinguishing characteristics
of J. phlebophylla. The specific epithet is from the Greek dey, vein,
and ivory, leaf.

45. Justicia malacophylla Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 219

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense hirtellis vel
plus minusve tomentosis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus vel patulis,
deorsum teretibus, glabratis, cortice cinereo, nodis tumidis; lamina
foliorum lanceolato-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi angustata, firma, integra vel undulata, supra hirsuta, pilis
ascendentibus vel subappressis, costa et venis lateralibus dense hir-
sutis, pilis patulis, subbrunneis, subtus dense et molliter hirsuta, pilis
rectis vel leviter curvatis, patulis, subbrunneis, costa et venis promi-
nentibus, cystolithis utrinque subter pilis obscuris; petioli dense
hirsuti; paniculae terminales, foliosae, ramis spicatis, erectis vel
suberectis; pedunculi et rhaches dense et molliter hirsuti, pilis sub-
brunneis ascendentibus; bracteae lanceolatae, apice subobtusae, dense
et molliter hirsutae; bracteolae bracteas similes sed angustiores;
calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuminata, aliquanto dense hirtella,
saepe erecta; corolla aliquanto magna, rubra, minute pubescens, pilis
rectis, patulis, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis rotundatis, mar-
ginibus subhyalinis et glabris, labio inferiore suberecto, 3-lobato,
lobis oblongis, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis glabris,
lobis antherarum superpositis, recte ad connectivo annexis, lobo
inferiore breviter caudato; capsulae clavatae, subobtusae, glabrae,
retinaculis curvatis, oblongis, apice rotundatis; semina (immatura)
brunnea, plana, muricata, glabra.

Shrubs; stems hirtellous or more or less tomentose, densely so near
the tips, the hairs appressed, ascending or spreading, 0.3 to 0.5 mm.

590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, the main stems terete, glabrate, up to 6.5 mm. in diameter or
more, the bark gray, the nodes swollen; leaf blades lance-ovate, up to
10.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse),

Ficure 219.— Justicia malacophylla Leonard (Cuatrecasas 20941): a, Tip of plant to show
leaves and inflorescence; 6, node and basal portion of branch from lower part of stem;
¢, portion of under side of leaf blade enlarged tu show pubescence; d, node of inflorescence
to show calyx and scars left by fallen bracts and bractlets (one bractlet remaining);
e, node of inflorescence from near the tip to show bract and bractlets; f, corolla; g,
anther. (a, Natural size; 5, about half natural size; c—e, twice natural size; f, 144 times
natural size; g, about 6 times natural size.)

narrowed and acute at base, firm, entire or undulate, the upper sur-
face hirsute, the hairs ascending to subappressed, up to 0.5 mm. long,
the costa densely hirsute with brownish spreading hairs, it and the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 591

lateral veins obscure, the lower surface densely and softiy hirsute, the
hairs straight or slightly curved, 0.5 mm. long, light brownish, erect,
the costa and lateral veins prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
obscured by the pubescence; petioles 5 to 15 mm. long, densely hirsute;
flowers borne in leafy panicles of erect or suberect spikes up to 11 cm.
long and 8 mm. broad (excluding corollas), the panicles up to 17 cm.
long and 6 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 2.5 cm. long, the lowermost
internodes of the rachis 5 mm. long, the others successively shorter
toward tip of spikes, both peduncle and rachis densely and softly
hirsute with light brownish ascending hairs; bracts lanceolate, 8 mm.
long, 2.25 mm. wide, obtusish at tip, densely and softly hirsute;
bractlets 1.25 mm. wide, in other respects similar to the bracts; calyx
6.5 mm. long, deeply divided: into:5 segments, these lanceolate, 1.75
mm. wide near base, acuminate, rather densely hirtellous, erect or
appressed to the ovary; corolla up to 4.7 cm. long, red, minutely
pubescent with straight spreading hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, the tube
2.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 4 mm. above base to 1.5 mm.
thence gradually enlarged to 7 mm. at throat, the lips subequal, 22
mm. long, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 8 mm. wide at base,
bilobed at apex, the lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, the
margins subhyaline and glabrous, the lower lip suberect, 3-lobed, the
lobes oblong, 1 cm. long, 2.6 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens ex-
serted 15 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments
glabrous, the anthers 5 mm. long, the lobes superposed, 2.75 mm. long,
0.75 mm. broad, vertically attached to the connective, the basal end
of the lower lobe terminating in a blunt whitish tail; capsules clavate,
17 mm. long, 4.25 mm. broad, 3.5 mm. thick, subobtuse, glabrous;
retinacula curved, oblong, 2 mm. long, the tip rounded; seed (im-
mature), glabrous, brown, flattened, muricate, the projections rounded.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1900474, collected in
the Quebrada de los Osos, in the valley of the Rio Bugalagrande,
Cordillera Central, Department of El Valle, Colombia, 2,170 meters
altitude, April 20, 1946, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 20941).

Justicia malacophylla has apparently no close relatives among
the Colombian species of Acanthaceae. The specific epithet is from
the Greek and was suggested by the soft velvety leaves, padaxés, soft,
and #tAnov, leaf.

46. Justicia pelianthia Leonard, sp. nov. FiaurE 220

Frutex parvus, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatus),
minute et plus minusve bifariam strigosis, sursum pilis aureo-brunneis;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel obovata, apice subobtusa et
apiculata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
integra vel undulata, supra glabra, costa et venis lateralibus minute

592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

strigosis exceptis, subtus glabra, costa et venis dense et minute
strigosis exceptis, pilis aureo-brunneis, cystolithis conspicuis; petioli
aliquanto crassi, minute strigosi; panicula terminalis, ramis spicatis,
floribus paucis, secundis, internodiis panicularum minute bifariam
strigosis, pilis aureo-brunneis, pedicellis brevibus, subglabris; bracteae
infimae foliaceae, bracteae summae et bracteolae parvae, lanceolatae,
acutae, firmae, minute strigosae, pilis aureo-brunneae; calycis
segmenta lanceolata, acuta, firma, strigosa vel puberula, pilis curvatis,
minutis, aureo-brunneis; corolla purpurea, parce et minute pubescens,
pilis patulis, glandulosis, tubo corollarum subcylindrico, labio supe-
riore recto, lineari-oblongo, apice rotundato et leviter emarginato,
labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, oblongo, apice truncato, leviter
3-lobato, lobis rotundatis vel obtusis; stamina exserta, lobis anthe-
rarum superpositis, lobo superiore horizontali, lobo inferiore plus
minusve recto, basi calcarato; ovarium glabrum.

Small shrub; stems subquadrangular (the angles rounded), minutely
strigose, the hairs averaging 0.13 mm. in length, more or less bifari-
ously arranged on the lower portion of the stem, those of the upper
part of the stem golden-brown; leaf blades oblong-elliptical or obo-
vate, up to 21 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, subobtuse and apiculate,
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire or
undulate, the upper surface glabrous except costa and lateral veins,
these minutely strigose, the hairs similar to those of the stems, the
cystoliths prominent, the lower surface glabrous except the costa and
lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) these densely but minutely strigose, the
hairs golden-brown, up to 0.32 mm. long, those of the costa confined
chiefly to its margins, the cystoliths conspicuous, 0.25 to 0.32 mm.
long; petioles up to 3.5 cm. long, rather stout, minutely strigose
like the stems; flowers secund, borne in a terminal panicle about
16 cm. long and broad, the lateral branches of the inflorescence
composed of 1 to 3 rather loose spikes, these few-flowered, up to
about 3 cm. long, the peduncle 2 mm. long, the lowermost internodes
of the panicle 2 cm. in length, the others successively shorter towards
the tip of the inflorescence, all of the internodes minutely and densely
golden-brown strigose, the hairs averaging 0.2 mm. in length, more
or less bifariously arranged, the pedicels up to 2 mm. long, glabrous
or nearly so, the lowermost branches of the inflorescence subtended
by small leaves, the other branches by lanceolate bracts, these up to
5 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, acute, firm, strigose with minute
golden-brown hairs; bractlets resembling the bracts; calyx 7 mm. long,
deeply segmented, the segments lanceolate, 3.5 mm. wide at about the
middle, acute, firm, 3-nerved, strigose or puberulous, the hairs curved,
averaging 0.13 mm. in length, golden-brown; corollas purple, up to
6.5 cm. long, sparingly and minutely pubescent, the hairs spreading,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 593

up to 0.2 mm. long, gland-tipped, the corolla tube subcylindric,
about 2.5 mm. broad at base, 5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip
erect, linear-oblong, 3.3 cm. long, about 6 mm. wide near base, 3 mm.
wide near the rounded shallowly emarginate tip, the lower lip more

Ficure 220.— Justicia pelianthia Leonard (Cuatrecasas 11157): a, Node and leaf; b, basal
branch of inflorescence; ¢, node of inflorescence to show bracts and one of a pair of
bractlets; d, a segment of the calyx; ¢, dorsal portion of calyx segment enlarged to show
hairs and cystoliths; f, tip of corolla; g, pubescence of corolla; h, anther. (a, Half
natural size; b, f, natural size;c, d, about twice natural size; ¢, about 8}4 times natural
size; g, 114 times natural size; h, about 4 times natural size.)

or less spreading, oblong, 3.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, truncate and shal-
lowly 3-lobed at tip, the lobes rounded or obtuse, 2.5 mm. wide and
1 mm. long; stamens glabrous, exserted 2.5 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, the anther lobes superposed one about 0.5 mm.

594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

above the other, the upper lobe horizontally attached, the lower more
or less vertical and terminated at base by a white blunt spur 0.5 mm.
long; style slightly shorter than the stamens; ovary glabrous; capsules
not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1798544, collected in
wet woods between Quebrada de la Hormiga and San Antonio del
Giiamués, Comisarfa of Putumayo, Colombia, 330 meters altitude,
December 18, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 11157).

Justicia pelianthia is readily recognized by its large erect purplish
corollas, by the flowers being secund in short spikes, these forming a
broad, rather flat panicle, and by the minute golden-brown pubescence
of the panicle branches. Apparently it has no close relatives among
the Colombian species. The specific epithet is from the Greek
meds, livid, and é&vOeov, blossom.

47. Justicia anabasa Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 221

Suffrutex scandens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, substrigosis,
demum glabratis, pilis curvatis, rigidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, ali-
quanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque parce hirsuta, costa et
venis lateralibus aliquanto hirsutis, pilis curvatis, rigidis, cystolithis
obscuris; petioli dense hirsuti, pilis antrorse curvatis, rigidis; racemi
axillares et terminales, laxi, pedunculis et rhachibus subquadrangulari-
bus, hirsutis, pilis curvatis, plus minusve patulis; bracteae flores
subtendentes parvae, oblongo-ovataec, acutae, subcarinatae, parce
hirsutae; bracteae ramos racemi subtendentes oblongae, obtusae,
hirsutae et ciliatae vel bracteae infimae foliiformes; calycis segmenta
linearia, acuta, aliquanto hirsuta, pilis antrorse ascendentibus vel
subappressis, pilis marginalibus longioribus, ascendentibus; corolla
brunneo-aurantiaca, deorsum pallida, aliquanto hirsuta, pilis plus
minusve patulis vel basi retrorsis, glandulosis et eglandulosis inter-
mixtis, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labiis curvatis, subaequalibus,
labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice bilobato, lobis aliquanto parvis,
apice rotundatis, labio inferiore leviter patulo, oblongo-ovato, 3-
lobato, lobis aliquanto parvis, apice rotundatis; stamina labium
corollae aequalia vel subaequalia, filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum
glabris, superpositis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore breviter caudato;
pistillum exsertum labium corollae excedens, glabrum vel parce et
minute hirtellum; stigma minute, rotundatum; ovarium glabrum.

Woody vine; stems subquadrangular, hirsute to substrigose, the
hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.26 mm. long, rigid, septate but not
conspicuously so, the lower parts of the stems glabrate; leaf blades
ovate to elliptic, up to 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, moderately firm, entire or

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 595

undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirsute except the costa and lateral
veins (about 5 pairs), these inconspicuous and rather densely hirsute,
the hairs curved and rigid, up to 0.4 mm. long; cystoliths very obscure;
petioles up to 8 mm. long, densely hirsute with rigid upwardly curved
hairs; flowers borne in axillary few-flowered racemes (2-4 pairs of flow-
ers), these both terminal and axillary, and borne for some distance
along the stems, up to 5 cm. long; peduncles 10 to 20 mm. long, 0.75 to
1.25 mm. thick, subquadrangular, hirsute, the hairs curved, more or

, Figure 221.—Justicia anabasa Leonard (Killip 8 Smith 16091): a, Tip of branch to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show
pubescence; ¢, calyx and bract; d, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence;
¢, upper lip of corolla, f, lower lip of corolla, g, anther; 4, portion of corolla enlarged to
show pubescence. (a, Natural size; b, 442 times natural size; ¢, 214 times natural size;
d, 16 times natural size; ¢, f, about 3 times natural size; g, about 6 times natural size;
h, about 37 times natural size.)

less spreading, up to 0.32 mm. long, the rachis similar to the peduncles,
the internodes usually 10 to 15 mm. long, slender; calyx sessile or sub-
sessile at the tips of the slender pedicel-like branches, these 5 to 8 mm.
long, hirsute like the rachis and bearing an apical pair of oblong-
ovate bracts 0.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acute, subcarinate, spar-
ingly hirsute; bracts subtending the flower-bearing branches oblong,
about 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, obtuse, hirsute and ciliate or the
lowermost pair broader and leaflike; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long, the seg-

596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ments linear, 6.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide, acute, moderately hirsute,
the hairs up to 1 mm. long, ascending to upwardly subappressed
or the marginal ones longer (up to 0.25 mm. long) and ascending;
corollas “burnt orange, paler proximally” (Killip & Smith), 3 to 3.5
em. long, rather densely hirsute, the hairs more or less spreading ex-
cept toward base, here retrorse, up to 0.13 mm. long, some of them
gland-tipped, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 3 mm. above
base to 1.5 mm., thence enlarged, first abruptly, then gradually to
5 mm. at mouth, the lips subequal, curved, about 2 cm. long, the
upper lip oblong-ovate, about 4 mm. broad near base, thence gradually
narrowed to a 2-lobed tip, the lobes about 1.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm.
wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip slightly spreading, oblong-ovate,
about 4 mm. wide at base, 3-lobed, the lobes oblong, about 2 mm. long
and 1 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens exserted, reaching within
2 mm. of the tip of the upper lip and partially enfolded by it, the
filaments glabrous, the anthers cells curved, 2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
broad, glabrous, superposed and attached vertically to the connective,
their lower and upper tips overlapping 1.25 mm., the lower cell
calcarate, the tail blunt at tip; style slightly exceeding the lips of the
corolla, glabrous except at base, here sparingly and minutely hirtel-
lous, the stigma bilobed, the lobes minute and rounded; ovary
glabrous; capsule not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1351865, collected in
woods in the vicinity of Las Vegas, Department of Santander, Colom-
bia, 2,600 to 3,000 meters altitude, December 21-23, 1926, by E. P.
Killip and Albert C. Smith (No. 16091). Isotypes: GH, NY.

Justicia anabasa has apparently no close relatives. The specific
epithet is from the Greek word dvaféca, meaning ascending or climb-
ing, in allusion to the habit of the plant.

48. Justicia aurantiaca Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 222

Frutex vel suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina
foliorum elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, membranacea,
integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, cystolithis nullis; petioli
aliquanto graciles, glabri; cymae subhelicoideae, axillares et terminales,
pedunculo glabro, subquadrangulari; internodia inflorescentiae apice
dilatata, glabra vel bifariam et parce hirtella, pilis subappressis;
bracteolae nullae; calyx anguste campanulatus, sermentis lanceolatis,
acutis, membranaceis, glabris, obscure nervatis; corolla aurantiaca,
glabra, aliquanto magna, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labio superi-
ore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice subacuto, labio inferiore patulo vel
recurvato, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, rotundatis; stam-
ina exserta, glabra, lobis antherarum superpositis, recte ad connectivo
annexis, lobo inferiore basi breviter caudato; pistillum stamina leviter

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 597

excedens; stigma minutum, bilobatum, lobis inaequalibus, rotundatis;
ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs or suffruticose herbs up to 1.5 meters high or more; stems
quadrangular, glabrous; leaf blades elliptic, up to 21 cm. long and
10 cm. wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base, thin, entire or
undulate, glabrous on both surfaces; cystoliths lacking; petioles up
to 4 cm. long, glabrous; flowers borne in axillary and terminal sub-
helicoid cymes 2.5 to 4 cm. long (excluding corollas), the peduncles

Ficure 222.— Justicia aurantiaca Leonard (Grant t Fosberg 9341): a, Tip of plant showing
leaves and inflorescence; 5, portion of cyme; ¢, ultimate node of inflorescence to show
pubescence; d, bract; ¢, calyx; f, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; c, 4 times natural
size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 2}4 times natural size; f, 5 times natural size.)

1 cm. long, subquadrangular, glabrous, the internodes of the inflores-
cence up to 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. in diameter at base, 2 mm. broad at
their tips, glabrous or bifariously and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.1 mm. long and subappressed; bracts thin, cuneate, up to 1
em. long, up to 6 mm. wide at tip, truncate or subemarginate, glabrous;
calyx narrowly campanulate, 1 cm. long, the segments lanceolate,
8 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, gradually narrowed from 2.5 mm. above
base to an acute tip, thin, glabrous, obscurely nerved; corollas orange,
glabrous, up to 5.8 cm. long, 2.5 mm. broad near base, thence gradu-

598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ally enlarged to 6 mm. at throat, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate,
2.2 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, subacute at tip, the lower lip spreading or
recurved, cuneate, 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide near tip, the 3 lobes oblong-
ovate, 7 mm. long, the lateral ones 3.5 mm. wide, the middle one 5
mm. wide, all rounded; stamens exserted 1.5 cm. beyond the mouth
of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4.25 mm. long, the cells
3.25 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, superposed and vertically attached to
the connective, the lower cell briefly caudate; pistil slightly exceeding
the stamens, the stigma minute, unequally bilobed, the lobes ovate,
rounded; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045427, collected in
temperate forest at San Isidro, 7 km. south of Gachalé, Department
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,200 meters altitude, May 27, 1944,
by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg (No. 9341).

Also of this species is Grant’s No. 10278, collected in temperate
forest at Toquiza, Gazaunta Valley, Cordillera de Helicona, 15 km.
northwest of Medina, Cundinamarca, 2,135 meters altitude, Septem-
ber 24, 1944.

Justicia aurantiaca can be easily recognized by the cuneate trun-
cate bracts and large orange flowers.

49. Justicia jacobinioides Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 223

Herba ramosa, caulibus subquadrangularibus, angulis acutis, glab-
ris vel parce pubescentibus, pilis retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma,
integra vel undulata, parce hirtella, subtus pilis praecipue in costa et
venis prominentibus, cystolithis obscuris vel nullis; petioli breves,
parce hirtelli; paniculae parvae, laxae, axillares, floribus ternis,
pedunculis primariis et secundartis aequalibus, parce hirtellis, quad-
rangularibus, angulis acutis; bracteae ramorum paniculae parvae
foliaceae; bracteae flores subtendentes oblongae, acutae, ciliatay
glabrae vel subglabrae; calycis segmenta oblonga, acuta, 3-nervata,
nervis prominentibus, extus glabra, in marginibus parce hirtella,
intus minute et parce hirtella; corolla rutila, basi glabra, sursum
aliquanto dense puberula, labio superiore anguste ovato, erecto,
apice 2-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, labio inferiore plus minusve
patulo, obovato, basi cuneato, apice rotundato, breviter trilobato,
lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta sed labiis corollae breviora, lobis
antherarum superpositis, basi breviter caudatis; ovarium glabrum.

Erect branched herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular,
the angles minutely acute, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, the hairs
retrorsely curved, about 0.16 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm.
long and 2.5 em. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), narrowed
at base, firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces sparingly hirtellous,

~~

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 599

the hairs of the lower surface confined chiefly to the costa and lateral
veins, the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, more or less curved, the venation
(lateral veins 5 to 7 pairs) prominent beneath, less so above, the
cystoliths obscure or lacking; petioles up to 5 mm. long and 1 mm.
thick, sparingly hirtellous; flowers (1 to 3) borne in small axillary
panicles up to 3 cm. long, the peduncles up to 11 mm. long, the sec-
ondary peduncles up to 8 mm. long, both primary and secondary
peduncles sparingly hirtellous with more or less curved hairs, sub-

Ficure 223.— Justicia jacobinioides Leonard (Kalbreyer 1043): a, Tip of plant; 8, tip of a
calyx segment; c, corolla; d, anther. (a, c, Slightly over natural size; b, about 4 times
natural size; d, 5 times natural size.)

quadrangular, the angles acute; bracts subtending the secondary
peduncles leaflike, ovate, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, subacute at tip,
narrowed at base, sparingly hirtellous, the petioles about 1 mm. long;
bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 1.5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm.
wide, acute, ciliate, the flat surfaces glabrous or nearly so; calyx 1 cm.
long, the segments 5, oblong, 8.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
conspicuously 3-nerved, the outer surface glabrous or bearing a few
small hairs near or on the margins, the inner surface sparingly and
minutely hirtellous; corollas, from base to tips of the lips, 4.4 cm.

600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, puberulous except the glabrous basal portion, yellowish-red,
the tube 2.5 mm. broad at base, expanding at 8 mm. above base to 4
mm., the upper expanded portion cylindric, the upper lip narrowly
ovate, 2 cm. long, 7 mm. wide at base, thence gradually narrowed to a
small 2-lobed tip, the lobes about 0.75 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide,
rounded, the lower lip ascending, 18 mm. long, 6.5 mm. wide just
above middle, the basal portion cuneate, the tip rounded and minutely
3-lobed, the lobes 0.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
exserted about 13 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla; anther lobes
superposed, 3 mm. long, 1 mm. thick, both lobes short-caudate at
base; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in border of forest at La
Obrell, between Ocafia and Pamplona, Department of Norte de San-
tander, March 25, 1879, by W. Kalbreyer (No. 1043).

Justicia jacobinioides may be related to J. aurantiaca. The two
species have similar calyces and anthers, and the corollas are of the
same general shape. The corollas of J. aurantiaca, however, are strictly
glabrous instead of rather densely puberulous and the leaf blades are
much larger, thinner, and glabrous. Moreover, the inflorescence of
J. jacobinioides is axillary, whereas in J. aurantiaca it is terminal and
more compound.

50. Justicia novogranatensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 224

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, glabris vel in nodis parce antrorse
strigosis; lamina foliorum obloago-ovata, acuminata (apice ipso ob-
tuso), basi angustata et in petiolum breviter decurrens, aliquanto
firma, integra vel undulata, glabra vel parce hirsuta, costa et venis lat-
eralibus aliquanto strigosis exceptis, cystolithis obscuris; petioli glabri aa
vel in canalibus hirtellis; spicae rigidae laxae, fere rectae, ascendentes,”
pedunculis aliquanto longis, subteretibus, glabris vel parce strigosieg)
rhachibus subteretibus vel in nodis planis, glabris vel parce pubes-
centibus, pilis ascendentibus vel subappressis; flores solitarii, in Nnodis
rhachium; bracteae lanceolatae, graciliter acuminatae, glabrae vel
parce hirtellae et ciliolatae; bracteolae lanceolatac, acuminatae,
glabrae vel parce hirtellae et ciliolatae; calycis segmenta lanceolata,
graciliter acuminata, glabra vel parce hirtella et ciliata, costa et nervis
obscuris; corolla aliquanto magna, minute hirtella, pilis rigidis, an-
guste triangularibus, patulis, tubo aliquanto angusto, labiis subaequal-
ibus, labio superiore oblongo-ovato, apice angustata, rotundata, emar-
ginato, labio inferiore cuneato, plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis
oblongis, apice obtusis; stamina in labio antico corollae declinata,
filamentis glabric, basi retrorse hirtellis exceptis, antheris glabris, lobis
superpositis rectis, lobo inferiore obscure caudato; capsulae clavatae,
glabrae; semina (immatura) papillosa.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 601

Suffrutescent plants; stems subterete, glabrous or sparingly and
antrorsely strigose near the nodes, the hairs straight, up to 0.32 mm.
long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 10 cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide,
short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base and briefly
decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire, undulate, glabrous
or sparingly hirsute except the costa and lateral veins, these strigose,

Ficure 224.— Justicia novogranatensis Leonard (Triana s. n., Popayan): a, Tip of plant;
b, bract; ¢, bractlet; d, calyx; ¢, corolla; f, portion of corolla tube to show pubescence;
g, anther. (a, Half natural size; b-d, 444 times natural size; ¢, slightly more than
natural size; f, 23 times natural size; g, 244 times natural size.)

the hairs up to 0.32 mm. long, straight or nearly so, the cystoliths
obscure; petioles rather slender, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous or the
channel hirtellous; spikes axillary, lax, nearly straight, rigid, ascend-
ing, up to 10 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm.
long and 1.75 mm. thick, subterete, glabrous or sparingly strigose,
the lowermost internodes of the spikes up to 2 cm. long, the others

8881798—57——-19

602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

successively shorter, somewhat flattened near the nodes, glabrous or
sparingly pubescent, the hairs ascending to subappressed, up to 0.2
mm. long, the flowers in pairs; bracts lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.25
mm. wide near the middle, slenderly acuminate, glabrous or sparingly
hirtellous and ciliolate, the hairs about 0.08 mm. long; bractlets
lanceolate, 4.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous or
sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; calyx 5.5 mm. long, the segments
5, these lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base, gradually
narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous and cilio-
late, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves evident when viewed
against a strong light; corolla about 3 cm. long, minutely hirtellous
with rigid narrowly triangular spreading hairs, the tube narrow,
1.5 mm. broad at base, gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at mouth, the
lips subequal, about 16 mm. long, the upper lip oblong-ovate, 5 mm.
wide at base, gradually narrowed to an emarginate rounded tip 1
mm. wide, the lower lip more or less spreading, cuneate, about 4
mm. wide at the base of the 3 lobes, these oblong, 7 mm. wide near
the middle, the tip obtuse; stamens exserted 13 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla and not quite reaching the tip of the upper lip
and partly enfolded by it, the filaments glabrous except near base,
there bearing a band of retrorse hairs about 0.13 mm. long, the
anthers glabrous, their cells superposed, attached nearly vertically to
the connective, each about 3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick, the
lower cell obscurely caudate; style reaching the tip of the upper
corolla lip, glabrous, the stigma rounded, minute and bilobate;
capsule clavate, about 17 mm. long, 6 mm. broad and 3 mm. thick,
glabrous; retinacula oblong, curved, 1 mm. long, rounded and
flattened at tip; seed (immature) papillose. /

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the “Province de Pre-
payan,” Department of Cauca, Colombia, 1,300 meters altitude,
July 1853, by J. Triana (No. 4084-1). Isotypes: Col, NY.

There is a photograph apparently of the same Triana collection in
the Berlin Herbarium (Field Mus. No. 8912) that bears an unpublished
name of Lindau’s.

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material but is
probably red.

51. Justicia secunda Vahl
Justicia secunda Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 7. 1791. Type collected in Trinidad by
Rohr.
Rhytiglossa secunda Nees in DC. Prodr.11:340. 1847 (except var. 8). Based
on Justicia secunda Vahl.
Rhacodiscus secundus Bremekamp, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd.
Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 53. 1948.

Suffrutescent; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, the hairs retrorsely curved, subappressed; leaf blades

f

oes
/

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 603

ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, acute to
short-acuminate (the tip itself acute), subcordate, rounded, obtuse
or acute at base, sometimes obliquely so, moderately firm, entire or
undulate, both surfaces glabrous except the costa and lateral veins
(6 to 8 pairs), these more prominent beneath than above, puberulous
with recurved hairs about 0.2 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 2
cm. long, the channels puberulous with minute curved hairs; panicles
terminal, small at first but becoming large and much branched, up
to 17 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, the flowers secund and crowded on
the branches of the panicles or distant (5 to 7 mm.) with age, the
rachises moderately puberulous with curved hairs; bracts subu-
late or narrowly triangular, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, keeled,
the lowermost pairs about 7 mm. long, the succeeding bracts sub-
tending the flowers triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
sharply acute, the lower branches of the panicles subtended by small
narrow leaf blades; bractlets subulate, up to 2 mm. long and 0.25
mm. wide at base; calyx up to 7 mm. long, deeply segmented,
hirtellous with a mixture of glandular hairs (0.08 mm. long) and
eglandular ones (up to 0.3 mm. long), the segments of the calyx
oblong-lanceolate, 1.25 mm. wide, acute, thin and herbaceous,
ciliate; corollas dull crimson, 3 cm. long, the upper portions sparingly
puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the tube about 12 mm.
long and 3 mm. broad, the lips subequal, 22 mm. long, the upper one
erect, narrowly ovate, about 7 mm. wide near base, rounded and
entire at tip, the lower lip spreading, oblong, about 6 mm. wide,
3-lobed at tip, the lobes ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, rounded
at tip; stamens lying in upper lip and barely reaching its tip, the
filaments glabrous; anther lobes subparallel, subequally attached
by a connective 0.5 mm. broad, one lobe 2 mm. long, the other 1.5
mm. long, both about 0.5 mm. broad; style slightly shorter than the
stamens, sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the stigma minute and
subcapitate; capsule short-clavate, about 1 cm. long, 4.56 mm.
broad, 2.5 mm. thick (the solid stipitate portion 5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. thick and 2.5 mm. broad) puberulous, some of the hairs gland-
ular; retinacula 2 mm. long, the tip thin, erose, subcucullate; seeds 4,
glabrous, slightly roughened.

Justicia secunda, common in the West Indies but rare in Colombia,
is very closely related to Lindau’s J. filibracteolata. Superficially the
two species resemble each other very closely, differing in the shorter
bracts and bractlets of J. secunda. In J. filibracteolata the panicles
usually remain compact and the branches of the inflorescence do not
tend to become elongated as in J. secunda.

MaapaLena: Near Bonda, Santa Marta region, ‘1000 ft.” altitude, H. H.
Smith 377 (Ph, NY, US).

604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

51a. Justicia secunda Vahl var. leucantha Leonard, var. nov.

A var. typica lamina foliorum lanceolata, corolla alba recedit.

Shrubby, leaf blades lanceolate, up to 16 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,
acuminate; corolla white, in other respects similar to the typical variety.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 533522, collected along
the Agua Dulce Road, Santa Marta region, Department of Magdalena,
Colombia, ‘800 feet” altitude, by H. H. Smith (No. 1413). Isotypes:
NY, Ph.

52. Justicia atacta Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 225

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris, sursum cystolithis
crassis parallelis praeditis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice
breviter acuminata, basi angustata, rotundata, plus minusve panduri-
formis, membranacea, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra, costa et
venis lateralibus prominentibus, cystolithis minutis et inconspicuis;
petioli breves, glabri, crassi; paniculae valde graciles, axillares, pe-
dunculo et rhache gracilibus, sulcatis glabris vel parce hirtellis, ramis
paniculae parvis, spicatis vel paniculatis, floribus plus minusve se-
cundis; bracteae flores subtendentes subulatae, parvae, apice graciles
(apice ipso obtuso), carinatae, parce hirtellae, pilis rigidis, ascendenti-
bus; bracteolae bracteolis similes sed longiores; calycis segmenta parva,
lanceolata, acuminata, parce hirtella; corolla parva, glabra, viridi-
alba, tubo brevi, cylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore
ovato, erecto, apice minute bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore
plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis brevibus et latis, rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, filamentis gracilibus, glabris, lobis antherarum
leviter superpositis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore minute caudato, con-
nectivo aliquanto lato; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubby plants with glabrous subquadrangular stems, their tips
densely covered with thick parallel cystoliths; leaf blades oblong-
ovate, up to 30 cm. long and 13 cm. wide, short-acuminate at tip,
rounded at base, pandurate, thin, entire or undulate, glabrous, the
costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately prominent espe-
cially beneath, the cystoliths minute and inconspicuous; petioles
about 3 mm. long, thick and glabrous; panicles very slender, axillary
up to 30 cm. long and 8 mm. broad, the peduncle up to 10 cm. long,
glabrous, sulcate, 1.25 mm. thick, the lowermost node of the rachis
4 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of the
raceme, all sulcate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; flowers more or
less secund, crowded in small slender spikes or panicles, several of
these at each axil of the main rachis; bracts subtending the spikes or
secondary panicles narrowly triangular, up to 3 mm. long and 0.3
mm. wide at base, subcarinate, narrowed to a slender tip, glabrous
or hirtellous toward tip; bracts subtending the flowers subulate, about

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 605

1.25 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide, gradually narrowed from base to a
slender bluntish tip, carinate, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs rigid,
ascending, 0.8 mm. long; bractlets similar but slightly longer; pedicels
1.5 mm. long, slender, glabrous; calyx 2.5 mm. long, the segments 5,
lanceolate, 2mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide near base, narrowed to a slender
tip, sparingly hirtellous with rigid ascending hairs 0.32 mm. long,
the costa evident but not prominent; corollas greenish white, about 5
mm. long, sparingly and finely pubescent, the tube subcylindric,

Ficure 225.—Justicia atacta Leonard (Fosberg 21244): a, Tip of plant; , spike; ¢, bract;
d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, anther. (a, Half natural size; b, 444 times natural size; ¢, d,
12 times natural size; ¢, 8 times natural size; f, 6 times natural size.)

3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. broad at base, enlarged to 1.5 mm. from just
above base to throat, the lips about 3 mm. long, the upper lip erect,
oblong-ovate, about 1.5 mm. wide, minutely bilobed at tip, the lobes
rounded, the lower lip more or less spreading, 1.5 mm. wide near base
of the 3 lobes, these 1.5 mm. wide, 0.75 mm. long, rounded; stamens
3 mm. long, their filaments very slender, glabrous, the anthers glab-
rous, the cells slightly superposed, attached vertically to a relatively
broad connective, the upper cell 1.75 to 2 mm. long, the lower 1.5

606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

mm. long and short-caudate; style slightly longer than the stamens;
stigma minute and bilobate; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045413, collected in
a shaded wet place in rather scrubby, brushy woods on white clay soil,
2 km. east of Barbacoas and just south of the Rio Telemb{, Depart-
ment of Narifo, Colombia, 100 meters altitude, October 13, 1943,
by F. R. Fosberg (No. 21244). Isotype: US.

Cuocé: Juntos de Tamand, March 1853, Triana s.n. (K, Col). San Pablo,
March 1853, Triana s.n. (K).

Justicia atacta has a strong superficial resemblance to a Pseuder-
anthemum, having panduriform leaf blades and a long very slender
inflorescence, the extremely small spicate or paniculate branches
simulating the clusters of pediceled flowers in Pseuderanthemum.
Yet a close examination of the flowers reveals superposed anther
lobes, the lower one tailed, and no staminodes.

The specific epithet is from the Greek éraxros, meaning irregular
or atypical.

53. Justicia ephemera Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 226

Suffrutex vel frutex, caulibus ramosis, sursum subquadrangularibus,
bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis, plus minusve rectis, deorsum sub-
teretibus, glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-eclliptica, aliquanto
subito sed graciliter acuminata, basi panduriformis, cordata, ali-
quanto firma, integra vel leviter crenata, glabra vel parce hirsuta,
costa et venis subtus prominentibus, supra obscura, cystolithis
minutis et obscuris; petioli brevi, crassi, glabri vel in canalis marginibus
pilos paucos gerentes; flores plures, secundi in spicis dispositi, his
paniculas terminales pyramidatas formantibus, pedunculis et inter-
nodiis panicularum bifariam hirsutis; bracteae triangulares, acutae,
parce hirsutae; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores; calycis
linearia, graciliter trinervata, obtusa, glabra vel apice hirtella et
ciliata, pilis rigidis, ascendentibus; corolla alba, tubo brevi et lato,
labiis aequalibus, labio superiore ovato, apice obtuso, labio inferiore
trilobato, lobis ovatis apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa, glabra,
lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, obliquis, basi diversis; ovarium
papillosum.

Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems much
branched, their upper portions subquadrangular, bifariously pilose,
the hairs up to 0.8 mm. long, more or less straight and spreading,
the lower portions of the stems subterete and glabrate; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, up to 16 cm. long, and 6.5 cm. wide, rather abruptly
but slenderly acuminate, gradually narrowed to a panduriform cordate
base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly crenate, glabrous or bearing
a few spreading marginal hairs at base, the costa and lateral veins

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 607

(5 or 6 pairs) moderately prominent, more so beneath than above, the
cystoliths numerous but minute and rather obscure, up to 0.13 mm.
long; petioles very short and rather thick, up to 1 mm. long, glabrous
or bearing a few hairs on the margins of the channels; flowers
numerous and secund in spikes up to 6 cm. long, these forming
terminal pyramidal panicles up to 10 cm. long and 13 cm. broad, the
nodes of the panicle bearing 1 or 2 pairs of branches, the peduncles
up to 3.5 cm. long, quadrangular, bifariously hirsute, the lowermost
node of the central axis of the panicle bearing a pair of leaves, the
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 7 em. long and 2 cm. wide, abruptly and

Ficure 226.— Justicia ephemera Leonard (Haught 4775): a, Tip of plant; }, portion of the
under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show veining and cystoliths; ¢, node of inflores-
cence; d, inflorescence node from near tip; ¢, calyx segment; f, anther. (a, Half natural
size; b, about 6 times natural size; c, d, 4 times natural size; ¢, § times natural size;
f, 12 times natural size.)

slenderly acuminate, narrowed to base, the petioles about 2 mm. long
and ciliate on the margins of the channels, the internodes of the
panicle similar to the peduncles but successively shorter and more
densely hirsute toward the tips, the uppermost bracts narrowly
triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, narrowed to an acute
tip, sparingly hirsute, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long; bractlets similar
to the bracts but only about half as large; calyx segments linear,
2.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, subobtuse, glabrous except the margins
toward tips, these ciliate with rigid ascending hairs up to 1 mm.
long, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves slender and obscure;

608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

corolla white, 8-12 mm. long, the tube short and relatively broad,
1 mm. broad at base, 1.25 mm. at 1 mm. above base, thence enlarged
to 3 mm. at throat, the lips equal, 4.5-6 mm. long, the upper lip ovate,
about 2 mm. wide, obtuse at tip, the 3 lobes of the lower lip ovate,
3.5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens included,
3.5 mm. long, glabrous, the anther lobes somewhat superposed,
about 1 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, obliquely attached to the
connective, the bases divergent; pistil 2.5 mm. long, the style minute,
2-lobed ; stigma glabrous; ovary papillose; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995088, collected in
a forest at Turbo, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, less than 50
meters altitude, March 28, 1946, by Oscar Haught (No. 4775).

Also of this species is Haught’s No. 4554, collected in low wet
forest near Vijagual, 30 km. south of Turbo, Department of Antioquia,
40 meters altitude, April 12, 1945.

Justicia ephemera is a well-marked species apparently without near
relatives. The panduriform leaf blades are like many of those in
Pseuderanthemum. Staminodes, however, so constant in Pseuder-
anthemum, are definitely absent in this species. Haught states that
the flowers are fragrant forming a showy inflorescence during the
mornings but falling by afternoon. The plant is said to be in bloom
only two or three days. The specific epithet is from the Greek
word éjuepos, meaning ephemeral or short-lived, in allusion to the
fugacious blossoms.

54. Justicia chloanantha Leonard, sp. nov. FiGuRE 227

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus (angulis rotundatis),
glabris vel bifariam parce puberulis, pilis parvis, varie curvatis,
cystolithis subpunctiformibus, minutis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso),
basi acuta in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto tenuis, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra vel parce strigosa, costa et venis prominentibus
strigillosis; petioli puberuli; paniculae terminales, ramis patulis,
pedunculo subquadrangulari, puberulo, pilis sursum curvatis, parvis,
ramis panicularum puberulis; flores in apicibus ramorum spissi,
sessiles vel subsessiles; bracteae ramos ultimos panicularum sud-
tendentes lanceolatae, acutae, parvae, parce ciliatae, costa prominente;
bracteae et bracteolae flores subtendentes subulatae, parvae, acutae,
apice ciliatae; calycis segmenta 5, parva, lineari-lanceolata, acuta vel
graciliter acuminata, aliquanto tenuia, glabra vel in costa et margini-
bus parce ciliata, pilis dorsalibus aliquando glandulosis; corolla viridi-
alba, tubo subcylindrico, parce et minute pubescente, labio superiore
erecto, ovato, apice obtuso, labio inferiore cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis
suborbicularibus; stamina exserta, in labio antico corollae declinata,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 609

lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis, lobo superiore et connectivo
hirtellis, lobo inferiore basi calcarato; capsulae clavatae, glabrae vel
parce hirtellae, pilis patulis, glandulosis; retinacula curvata, apice
rotundata; semina (immatura) tuberculata.

wloyg
wd

a

ef
iS}

Ficure 227.—Justicia chloanantha Leonard (a-e, h, Cuatrecasas 11137; f, g, Cuatrecasas
10933): a, Node from near tip of plant showing leaf blade and branch of the inflores-
cence; b, node from tip of inflorescence showing bracts, bractlets and calyx; ¢, bractlet;
d, bract; ¢, a segment of the calyx; f, corolla; g, anther; 4, dorsal view of capsule valve.
(a, Half natural size; b, twice natural size; c, d, 10 times natural size; ¢, 7}4 times natural
size; f, about twice natural size; g, 8 times natural size; A, 3 times natural size.)

610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Shrubby plants up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular (the
angles rounded) glabrous or bifariously and sparingly puberulous, the
hairs about 0.16 mm. long, variously curved, the cystoliths numerous,
minute and subpunctiform; leaf blades oblong-ovate or oblong-
elliptic, up to 22 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), acute at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thin,
entire or undulate, sparingly strigose, or glabrous except the minutely
strigose costa and lateral veins (about 9 pairs), the hairs up to 0.2 mm.
long, the costa and veins rather prominent beneath, less so above,
the cystoliths about 0.2 mm. long; petioles up to 3 cm. long, puberu-
lous; flowers borne in terminal and axillary panicles up to 12 em. long
and 7 cm. broad, the branches spreading, the peduncles up to 12 em.
long, subquadrangular, puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, about
0.2 mm. long, the lowermost internodes of the panicles up to 5 cm.
long, the others successively shorter towards the tips of the branches,
these like the peduncles puberulous, the branches of the panicles
subtended by small leaf blades usually 1 to 3 cm. long and 3 to 7 mm.
wide, the flowers usually 6.to 10, crowded at the tips of the branches
of the inflorescence, sessile or subsessile (pedicels up to 0.75 mm. long);
bracts subtending the ultimate branches of the inflorescence lanceolate,
up to 5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, acute, sparingly ciliate, the
costa prominent; bracts subtending the flowers subulate, up to 4 mm.
long and about 0.25 mm. wide, acute, sparingly ciliate; bractlets
similar to the bracts but shorter, up to 2.25 mm. long; calyx 5 mm.
long, deeply segmented, the segments 5, linear-lanceolate, 0.5 mm.
wide, acute or slenderly acuminate, rather thin, glabrous or the costa
and margins sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 0.57 mm. long, the
costal hairs sometimes gland-tipped; corolla greenish white (the tip
white), 15 to 16 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, 1.5 mm. broad at
base, 2 mm. broad just above base, 2.5 mm. broad at mouth, sparingly
and minutely pubescent, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm. long, 5mm.
wide near base, narrowed to a blunt tip, the lower lip 5 mm. long,
3-lobed, 5 mm. wide near base of lobes, the lobes suborbicular, about
1.25 mm. in diameter; stamens reaching tip of upper lip, the anthers
1.5 mm. long, the lobes superposed, attached to the connective almost
vertically, the upper lobe and part of connective hirtellous, the lower
lobe glabrous, terminated at base by a whitish spur about 0.3 mm.
long, the filaments glabrous; style slightly exceeding the stamens,
glabrous toward tip, sparing hirtellous toward base; capsules clavate,
about 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous or bearing
a few spreading glandular hairs about 0.38 mm. long; retinacula 1.5
mm. long, slender, curved, rounded at tip; seed (immature) tuberculate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1798543, collected in
the wet forests along the Rio San Miguel at the Quebrada de la

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 61]

Hormiga, Comisaria of Putumayo, Colombia, 290 meters altitude,
December 17, 1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 11137).

Also of this species is Cuatrecasas’ No. 10933 (Col), collected in
wet forests of the Rfo San Miguel at the mouth of the Rio Conejo,
Colombian-Ecuadorian border, 300 meters altitude, December 9, 1940,
and Sprague 396 (K), collected at Mocoa, Putumayo, May 25, 1899.

Justicia chloanantha has no close relatives among the Colombian
species. A similarity of the inflorescences suggests Justicia cuzcoensis
Lindau of Pert, but that species has much smaller, ovate, and more
hairy leaf blades (up to 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide) and yellowish
white and purplish corollas. The specific epithet is from the Greek
xAoaves, greenish, and av6os, flower.

55. Justicia helonoma Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 228

Frutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum parce
bifariam tomentosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-
obovata, utrinque subacuta, firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque
glabra vel foliorum juvenilium subtus parce hirtella, costa et venis
lateralibus prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli breves,
crassi, glabri; paniculae terminales, laxae, ramis in spicas compactas
terminantibus, pedunculis et internodiis panicularum quadrangulari-
bus, glabris vel parce hirtellis; bracteae flores subtendentes triangu-
lares, acutae (apice ipso obtuso), firmae, parce hirtellae et ciliolatae,
nervis 3, crassis sed non conspicuis, pilis parvis, rigidis, ascendentibus
vel subappressis; bracteolae anguste triangulares, subacutae, carinatae,
parce hirtellae et ciliatae; calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta et
minute hirtella et ciliolata, pilis rectis vel leviter curvatis, ascendenti-
bus; corolla aliquanto parva, subpurpurea, hirtella, pilis fere rectis,
rigidis, patulis vel retrorsis, tubo subcylindrico, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore erecto, oblongo, apice emarginato, labio inferiore
cuneata, aliquanto patulo, 3-lobato, lobis oblongo-ovatis, apice
rotundatis; stamina exserta, filamentis sursum glabris, deorsum
hirtellis, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis, lobo inferiore caudato;
ovarium hirtellum.

Shrub about 1 meter high; stems quadrangular, glabrous or, near
the tips, sparingly and bifariously tomentose, the hairs up to about
1 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or oblong-obovate, up to 23 cm.
long and 10 cm. wide, subacute at both ends, firm, entire or undulate,
glabrous or the younger leaves sparingly hirtellous beneath, the costa
and lateral veins (usually 8 pairs) prominent but more so beneath
than above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the cystoliths obscure;
petioles 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. thick, glabrous; flowers borne in spikes
up to 5 cm. long and up to 8 mm. broad, these forming an open ter-
minal panicle up to 17 cm. long and 10 cm. broad, the lowermost

612 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

internodes of the panicle up to 8 cm. long, the peduncles of the spikes
up to 2.5 cm. long, both the peduncles and the internodes of the panicle
quadrangular and glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the nodes of the
panicle bearing a pair of small leaves (their blades about 1.5 cm. long
and 8 mm. wide); bracts subtending the flowers triangular, 3.5 mm.
long and 2 mm. wide at base, acute (the tip itself blunt), firm, sparingly
hirtellous and ciliate, the hairs rigid, mostly straight, up to 0.16 mm.

Ficure 228.— Justicia helonoma Leonard (Haught 1754): a, Tip of plant; b, bract; ¢, bractlet;
d, calyx; ¢, corolla; f, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence; g, anther.
(a, Half natural size; 5, c, 6 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 144 times
natural size; f, 50 times natural size; g, 644 times natural size.)

long or the marginal hairs somewhat longer, ascending to subap-
pressed, the 3 nerves thick and broad but not conspicuous; bractlets
narrowly triangular, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, subacute and
carinate, sparingly hirtellous and ciliate; calyx 9 mm. long, sparingly
hirtellous, the segments lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base,
gradually narrowed upwardly to a slender acute tip, ciliolate, the
hairs straight or slightly curved, up to 0.16 mm. long; corolla 19 mm.
long, purplish, hirtellous, the hairs rigid, mostly straight, spreading or

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 613

retrorse, up to 0.13 mm. long, the corolla tube 11 mm. long, 2.25 mm.
broad near the base, 3 mm. broad at throat, the upper lip erect,
oblong, 8 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, the tip 1 mm. wide, emar-
ginate, the lower lip somewhat spreading or ascending, cuneate, 9 mm.
long, 5 mm. wide at base of the 3 lobes, these oblong-ovate, about 4
mm. long, 2 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 6 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, the filaments glabrous toward tip, hirtellous
toward base, the anthers 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad, the lobes
superposed, vertically attached to the connective, the lower cell
tailed, the tail about 1 mm. long, bent vertically to the axis of the lobe;
style exserted about 2 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
hirtellous, the stigma minutely bilobed; ovary hirtellous toward tip;
capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1661616, collected in
swamp-forest at Puerto Araujo, on the Rio Carare, Department of
Santander, Colombia, 100 to 700 meters altitude, June 6, 1935, by
Oscar Haught (No. 1754).

Haught’s No. 2186, a shrub 1 meter high with red-purple flowers
collected in flood-plain forest at Raizudo, Department of Santander,
about 200 meters altitude, April 28, 1937, also represents the species.

Justicia helonoma has no close relatives among the species treated
in this paper. The large, more or less succulent, glabrous leaf blades
and narrow panicled spikes of purplish flowers should serve as char-
acters by which it can be readily recognized. The specific epithet
is from the Greek word édovéyos, alluding to the swampy habitat.

56. Justicia pectoralis Jacq.

Justicia pectoralis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 11. 1760. Type locality: ‘‘Insulis
Caribaeis.”’

Dianthera pectoralis Gmel. Syst. Nat. 36. 1796. Based on Justicia pectoralis
Jacq.

Stethoma pectoralis Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 61. 1836 [1838].

Psacadocalymma pectorale Bremekamp, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. Afd.
Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 55. 1948.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems weak, erect or ascending, simple
or moderately branched, often rooting at the lower nodes, subquad-
rangular, shallowly and coarsely grooved, glabrous or hirsutulous,
the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.5 mm. long, disposed more or
less in two lines, the internodes 1 to 7 cm. long, the cystoliths numer-
ous, subpunctiform; leaf blades narrowly to rather broadly lanceolate,
3 to 11 em. long, 3 to 25 mm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself acute to
obtuse), acute to obtuse at base, entire or undulate, moderately
firm, the upper surface glabrous or the costa hirtellous, the hairs
curved, up to 0.2 mm. long, the cystoliths prominent under a lens,
125 to 200u long, the lower surface glabrous, the cystoliths obscure,

614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) barely prominent but more
so than above; petioles slender, 2 to 12 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs
curved, about 0.2 mm. long; flowers borne in rather loose terminal
panicles usually 5 to 16 cm. long and up to 6 cm. broad, the branches
paired or verticillate, simple or the lower ones branched, subterete,
puberulous, the eglandular hairs numerous, spreading, 50y long,
the glandular ones fewer, stouter, 75, long, with broad turbinate
tips, the lower internode usually 2 or 3 em. long, the others succes-
sively shorter toward tip of panicle; lower bracts narrowly lanceolate,
5 to 10 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, acuminate, costate, glabrous or the
margins and costa more or less hirtellous, the succeeding bracts
subulate, 1 to 2 mm. long, about 0.2 mm. wide at base, acuminate,
costate, puberulous with glandular and eglandular hairs; bractlets
similar to the bracts but smaller; calyx 5-parted, deeply segmented,
the segments subulate, 2.5 mm. long, about 0.25 mm. wide at base,
acuminate, puberulous with both glandular and eglandular hairs;
corollas white, lilac, or purple, up to 8 mm. long, the throat trans-
versely plicate, sometimes spotted with dark purple, the outer surface
of the corolla moderately pubescent, the hairs spreading, 125 to
175u long, the tube about 1 mm. broad at base, 1.5-2.5 mm. broad
at throat, the upper lip triangular, erect, 2.5 mm. wide at base,
terminating in a subtubular oblong subcucullate tip 1.5 mm. long
and 1 mm. broad, the tip itself truncate and coarsely erose, the lower
lip more or less spreading, cuneate, 4 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed,
the lobes 1.5 mm. long, the middle one 2 mm. wide, the lateral ones
1.5 mm. wide, all rounded; stamens attached to corolla tube, their
free portions 2.5 mm. long, exserted about 1 mm. beyond throat of
the corolla, the filaments glabrous except the adnate portion, this
pilose, the hairs retrorse, the anther lobes equally attached or slightly
superposed, borne on a connective about 0.25 mm. wide; style 7 mm.
long, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs near base; capsules
clavate, 8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, puberulous, the eglandular
hairs intermixed with a few glandular ones; retinacula 2 mm. long,
the tip rounded; seed flattish, 1.5 mm. broad, reddish brown,
roughened.

Justicia pectoralis is closely related to J. comata, but typical plants
of the former can be readily recognized by their terminal inflorescence
with subterete glandular puberulous branches. The inflorescence of
J. comata, on the other hand, is often both terminal and lateral with
flattened branches, these hirtellous, usually bearing few if any gland-
ular hairs.

The species is found in woods, waste places, and in cultivated fields

LEONARD—-THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 615

in the West Indies as well as in continental tropical America. It
prefers the lower altitudes, usually below 600 meters.

Botfvar: Quebrada in forest, Tierra Alta, on the Rio Sind, Pennell 4654 (GH,
US). Forests of Boca Verde on the Rfo Sind, Pennell 4206 (in part) (NY).

MacpaLENa: Thin dry woods of Minca, Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta,
Cardona, Gutiérrez & Barkley 18C.049 (US). Forest of Poponte, Cyril Allen 913
(Mo). Santa Marta region, H. H. Smith 1407 (Ph, US).

Vaupts: Cachivera de Jirijirimo, on the Rio Apaporis, Schultes & Cabrera
14033 (US); 14079 (US); Garcia-Barriga 13718 (US). Soratama, Rfo Apaporis,
Schultes & Cabrera 12575 (US), 16124 (US). Raudal Itapinima, on the Rfo
Kuduyari, Schultes, Baker & Cabrera 18556 (US). Raudal de Jirijirimo, Rfo
Apaporis, November 27, 1951, Schultes & Cabrera 14568 (US), 14619 (US),
14941A (US).

Wirsovr tocauity: Apolinar-Marta 157 (GH).

Humboldt collected a specimen of this species at Turbaco, Department of
Bolivar.
56a. Justicia pectoralis Jacq. var. stenophylla Leonard, var. nov.

Herba parva compacta; folia numerosa, lamina anguste lanceolata ;
inflorescentia parva.

Herbs usually not exceeding 20 cm. in height, erect or ascending,
the internodes of the stems short, usually less than 2 cm. long; leaf
blades numerous, narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 5 mm.
wide; inflorescence often becoming dense, up to 10 cm. long but
usually 3 to 6 cm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1320301, collected at
Jiramena, Llano de San Martin, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia, 220
meters altitude, January 1856, by J. Triana. Isotype: Col.

Ex Vatie: Buenaventura, Triana (Col, K). Cali, Duque 1339 (Cali).

Vaurts: Banks of the Rio Pacoa, Schultes & Cabrera 15244 (US).

Vernacular names: Abrojo, descansé, rojizo.

The original herbarium label on the isotype sheet bears the following
note: “Fortificante para lavar los nifios.” On the label of the Cali
sheet, Duque gives the following information: ‘“‘Hierba de 30 cm. de
altura, erecta, notable porque sirve para orlar las eras o lineas di-
visorias de la geometria de los parques.”

57. Justicia comata (L.) Lam.
Dianthera comata L. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 850. 1759. Type locality: Jamaica.
Justicia comata Lam. Encyl. 1: 632. 1783. Based on Dianthera comata L.
Leptostachya comata Nees in DC, Prodr. 11: 381. 1847.
Psacadocalymma comatum Bremekamp, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch.
Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45: 55. 1948.
Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems weak, ascending to nearly erect,
more or less branched, often rooting at the lower nodes, subquadran-
gular (the angles rounded), more or less grooved, glabrous or sparingly

616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

puberulous (the hairs about 0.25 mm. long, spreading or retrorse and
disposed more or less in 2 lines) or occasionally pilose with
spreading hairs up to 3.5 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous, parallel,
100 to 200 y long; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong or oblong-ovate,
usually about 6 cm. long and 2 em. wide but occasionally reaching a
length of 15 cm. and a width of 4 cm., acuminate or acute at apex,
rounded, obtuse or narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
entire or shallowly undulate, moderately firm, both surfaces glabrous
or sparingly hirtellous, the costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs)
obscure, the cystoliths slender, about 150y long, not often conspicuous;
petioles up to 2 cm. long (including winged portion), the uppermost
leaves often subsessile; inflorescence terminal or axillary, the flowers
secund in slender simple or branched spikes, these fascicled or the
lowermost disposed in peduncled umbels, the peduncles up to 5 cm.
long, the spikes forming in aggregate a terminal panicle or sometimes
a paniculate inflorescence involving nearly the entire plant, the
branches of the inflorescence very slender and almost filiform, more or
less angular, minutely hirtellous, often with longer (up to 300x)
gland-tipped hairs intermixed; bracts subtending the flowers lanceo-
late, barely 1.6 mm. long and 0.35 mm. wide, sharply acute, glabrous,
strongly costate; bractlets about 1 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide, in
other respects similar to the bracts; calyx 2.5 mm. long, the segments
narrowly lanceolate, 2mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide at base, slenderly
acute, glabrous; corollas white, lilac, light blue, purplish white, rose
or greenish pink (Pennell), often marked with purplish lines or spots,
4.5 to 7 mm. long, glabrous or the upper part of the tube bearing a
few minute spreading hairs, the tube ca. 1.2 mm. broad at the base,
slightly enlarged upwardly, contracted at about the middle, here ca.
1.5 mm. wide, thence ampliate to the throat, this 2 to 3.5 mm. wide,
the limb bilabiate, the upper lip erect, ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1.25 mm.
wide, rounded or obtuse at tip, the lower lip spreading, triangular,
1.5 mm. wide at base, 3 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate,
0.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, obtuse; stamens exserted about 2 mm.
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments slender, pilose at
base, otherwise glabrous; anthers purple, the cells obliquely attached
to a relatively broad connective, the upper 0.5 mm. long, and 0.25
mm. wide, the lower one smaller, the connective about 0.25 mm.
broad; style exserted about 3 mm. beyond mouth of the corolla tube,
glabrous; capsules clavate, 4 to 5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad and 1 mm.
thick, 4-seeded, sparingly hirtellous or glabrate; retinacula about
0.75 mm. long, narrowly cucullate at tip; seeds reddish brown, some-
what flattened, barely 1 mm. in diameter, about 0.25 mm. thick,
roughened or indistinctly papillose.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 617

Justicia comata, distributed throughout tropical America, generally
grows at low elevations of 500 meters or less, but may be found
occasionally as high as 2,000 meters. It is weedy in nature, and is
equally at home in damp or dryish thickets, on slopes, in woods, on
river banks, in waste places in general, on margins of ponds or small
streams, or even growing in shallow water. As to be expected of a
species of such an extensive range, considerable variation is exhibited.
Plants in wet situations, especially those growing in water, tend to
produce long narrow leaf blades gradually narrowed to a subsessile
base. Killip’s No. 34261 and von Sneidern’s Nos. 494 and 2644 are
plants of this nature. The leaf blades of these plants vary from 4 to
17 cm. in length but rarely exceed 13 mm. in width. Moreover, Killip’s
specimen shows a transition stage between the aquatic form and the
typical form, which has broader blades with rounded or obtuse bases.
Plants with strictly terminal inflorescences rather strongly hirtellous
or even puberulous with a predominance of glandular hairs are likely
to be confused with J. pectoralis. Killip & Garcia’s No. 33598 is
such a plant. Remarkable also is the development of pilosity in
Pennell’s No. 1473 and Killip & Smith’s No. 14719. In these the
hairs of the stems are white, spreading, straight, and up to 3.5 mm.
long.

Amazonas: Trail bordering a thicket near the Amazon, near Letitia, Hermann
11287 (US). Rfo Hamacayacu, between the Amazon and Putumayo watersheds,
Schultes 8248 (US).

Antioquia: Forest along river opposite Boca Carare, Pennell 3822 (GH, NY).
Damp area west of Santa Fé de Antioquia, Barkley, Skolnik & Gémez 413 (US).
Margin of open pool, Valparaiso, Pennell 10811 (Ph, US).

Botfvar: Ditch in thicket along river, Calamar, Killip & Smith 14719 (US).
Vicinity of Cartagena, Bro. Heriberto 367 (US). Desiccated place at edge of
thicket, Chint, Pennell 4098 (GH). Edge of thicket, Sincé, Pennell 4041 (GH,
US). Swampy lagoon-filled plateau, Hacienda Martinica, in the region of Sind,
15 km. from Monterfa, Bechara, Araque & Barkley 19Bo.094 (US). Quebrada
in forest at Tierra Alta, on the Rfo Sind, Pennell 4657 (GH, US).

Cauca: Cultivated fields at Cali, Duque 1051 (Cali). River bank, El Tambo,
von Sneidern 494 (S); 2644 (S). Guayabal, on the Rfo Micay, Cuatrecasas 14111
(Ch).

Et Cxocé: Rich damp mountain valley near El Pifién, Araque & Barkley
19Ch.112 (US). Clearing along Quebrada Jella, vicinity of Bahia Solano near
Ciudad Mutis, Killip & Garcia 33598 (US). Rich sandy plateau along the Rfo
Atrato, near Quibdo, Araque & Barkley 19Ch.058 (US); Archer 1925 (NY, US);
2220 (US).

CunpinaMaArca: Junin, Triana s.n. (Col). La Esperenza, Granjo Cafetera
Enrique Soto, Gutierrez 416 (Ch, Med, US).

Ex Vater: Barco, Rio Cajambre, Cuatrecasas 17093 (US). Rfo Anchicay4,
between Sabaletas and Quebrada del Tdtabro, Cuatrecasas 22063 (US). Rio
Naya, between Puerto Merizalde and Meregildo, Cuatrecasas 14345 (US). Rio
Yurumanguf, between Isla de Golondro and La Amargura, Cuatrecasas 16060

388179—57——20

618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

(US). Swamp at Santa Rosa, Killip 11565 (Ph, US). Woods at Veneral,
Rfo Yurumanguf, Cuatrecasas 15916 (US); 16003 (Cali).

Huta: Rfo Cabrera, about 18 km. northeast of Villavieja, upper basin of the
Rfo Magdalena, 450 m., Galen Smith 1199 (US).

MAGDALENA: Carare, André 301 (GH). Santa Marta region, H. H. Smith
1208 (Ph, US); 1416 (Ph, US).

Meta: Puerto Lépez, Rio Matico, Cuatrecasas 3577 (US). In water of small
stream in dense forest southeast of Villavicencio, Killip 34261 (US). Moist
forest at Villavicencio, Pennell 1473 (GH).

SANTANDER: Alluvial thicket at Badillo, Rfo Magdalena, Pennell 3927 (GH,
US). Marsh in the vicinity of Puerto Wilches, Killip & Smith 14936 (Ph, US).

Totima: Running water along the Ambalema-Ibague railroad near Caldas,
Haught 2388 (US).

Vicuapa: Puerto Carrefio, Rio Orinoco, Cuatrecasas 3978 (US).

WITHOUT DEFINITE LOCALITY, Mutis 1488 (US).

58. Justicia namatophila Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 229
Suffrutex gracilis, caulibus ramosis, subquadrangularibus, sursum
puberulis, pilis curvatis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum lanceo-
lata, anguste acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, aliquanto
firma, undulata, supra parce strigosa, subtus costa et venis minute
strigosis, cystolithis minutis et obscuris; petioli breves; paniculae
axillares, graciles, ramosae, puberulae, pilis curvatis; bracteae et
bracteolae lineares vel subulatae, strigosae; calycis segmenta subulata,
hirtella, pilis plus minusve patulis; corolla purpurea, retrorse hirsuta,
labiis venosis, labio superiore erecto, ovato, acuto, labio inferiore plus
minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis obovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix
exserta, filamentis planis, glabris, antheris superpositis, lobis obliquis,
glabris, lobo inferiore caudato; capsulae clavatae, puberulae, pilis
patulis vel retrorsis; semina brunnea, plana, ovata, papillosa.
Slender suffrutescent plants up to 50 cm. high; stems branched,
subquadrangular, puberulous with upwardly curved whitish hairs
about 0.1 mm. long, the lower suffruticose portions glabrate, the
internodes 1 to 4 cm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 11 em. long
and 1.5 cm. wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
to a subsessile base, moderately firm, undulate, the upper surface
sparingly strigose, the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the lower surface
minutely strigose, the hairs about 0.2 mm. long and confined chiefly
to costa and veins (6 or 7 pairs), these slender and scarcely prominent,
the cystoliths obscure and minute; petioles up to 3 mm. long, puberu-
lous with curved hairs; flowers borne in slender axillary dichotomously
and trichotomously branched panicles up to 6 cm. long, the peduncles
usually 1 to 3 cm. long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, flattened, these
and the branches of the inflorescence puberulous with curved hairs;
pedicels slender, 2 mm. long, 0.28 mm. thick, puberulous, the hairs
curved; bracts subtending the lowermost pair of branches of the
panicle linear, 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, strigose, the subsequent

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 619

bracts subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, strigose; bractlets minute, subu-
late; calyx 6 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs mostly spreading, rigid,
up to 0.15 mm. long, the segments subulate, 5 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide at base; corolla purple, 15 mm. long, retrorsely hirsute, the hairs
up to 0.2 mm. long, the lower half of the tube 1 mm. broad, the
mouth 4 mm. broad, the lips veiny, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm.
long and 2.5 mm. wide, acute, the lower lip more or less spreading,

Ficure 229,.—Justicia namatophila Leonard (Haught 2135): a, Tip of plant to show leaves
and inflorescence; b, portion of inflorescence enlarged to show calyx; c, anther; d, corolla.
(a, Half natural size; b, 3 times natural size; c, 7 times natural size; d, 1}4 times natural
size.)

5 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes obovate, rounded, the middle lobe
2.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones 1.5 mm. wide; stamens slightly exserted
beyond the mouth of the corolla tube, about 4.5 mm. long, the fila-
ments flattened, glabrous, the anthers lobes slightly superposed and
obliquely attached to the connective, the lobes 0.75 mm. long, glabrous,
the lower lobe caudate, the tail about 0.15 mm. long; pistil slightly
longer than the stamens, curved at tip, the stigma lobes minute and

620 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

rounded; capsules clavate, 11 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick,
puberulous, the hairs straight, spreading or retrorse, about 0.1 mm.
long, the solid stipitate portion of the capsule 5 mm. long; retinacula
1 mm. long, the tip flattened, rounded; seed dark brown, strongly
flattened, ovate, 1.75 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, strongly papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1740624, collected
along a stream in the Quebrada Pontond, about 18 km. west of La
Dorada, Department of Caldas, Colombia, 400 meters altitude,
December 30, 1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 2135).

Justicia namatophila is a well marked species easily recognized by
its narrowly lanceolate leaf blades and numerous axillary panicles
with slender branches and the subulate calyx segments. The specific
epithet is derived from the Greek words vaya, running water, and
dtdos, loving.

59. Justicia martiana (Nees) Lindau

Leptostachya martiana Nees ex Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulphur 147. 1844. Type

from Guayaquil, Ecuador, Sinclair.

Justicia martiana Lindau, Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4, Abt. 3b: 350.

1895. Based on Leptostachya martiana Nees.

Herbs; stems subquadrangular, coarsely sulcate, hirsute, the hairs
spreading or ascending, borne more or less in two lines, the cystoliths
slender, parallel, up to 0.15 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly lanceolate,
up to 16 cm. long and 22 mm. wide, slenderly acuminate, narrowed
or rounded at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces
glabrous or minutely and sparingly hispid, the hairs up to 0.3 mm.
long, the cystoliths of the upper surface easily seen under a lens, up
to 0.28 mm. long; petioles up to 12 mm. long, glabrous or rather
sparingly hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal panicles, branch-
ing at base and composed of verticillasters of numerous slender
ascending spikes, the panicles up to 25 cm. long and 12 cm. broad at
base, the spikes up to 4 cm. long, the lowermost internode of the main
rachis about 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter towards tip
of inflorescence, the internodes of the spikes 2 to 7 mm. long, these
and the main rachis rather densely hirsute, the hairs variously curved
and up to 1.5 mm. long, the flowers secund; bracts subtending the
verticillasters subulate, up to 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous; bractlets up to 3 mm. long, subulate,
carinate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the bracts and bractlets
subtending the flowers similar to those subtending the verticillasters
but slightly smaller; calyx 4 mm. long, deeply segmented, minutely
hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 0.1 mm. long, the segments
subulate, up to 0.5 mm. wide near base; corolla blue (Klug), sparingly
pubescent (the hairs up to 0.13 mm. long), 6 mm. long, the upper lip
2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, emarginate at tip, the lower lip spreading,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 621

3 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes rounded, about
1 mm. in diameter; stamens 2.5 mm. long, the filaments slender, the
anther lobes slightly superposed, somewhat obliquely attached, the
upper 0.4 mm. long and 0.2 mm. wide, the lower slightly shorter,
both rounded at base, the connective 0.25 mm. wide; style 5 mm.
long, glabrous, the stigma minutely bilobed and rounded.

Woods, ditches, and grassy meadows in Colombia, Brazil, French
Guiana, and Ecuador.

Justicia martiana is closely related to J. comosa but can be easily
recognized by its large dense hirsute panicles. The species shows
considerable variation. The flowers vary from white to blue. Schom-
burgk’s No. 305, the type of var. hispida Nees, from French Guiana,
has a glandular pubescent inflorescence and ovate leaf blades with
rounded or subcordate bases. Klug’s specimens, cited here, have
slenderly lanceolate leaf blades gradually narrowed to the base, but
those of Uribe-P., although likewise narrowly lanceolate, are rounded
at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole. The capsules of Schom-
burgk’s plant are 4 mm. long, 2.25 mm. wide, and about 1 mm. thick,
short-clavate and rather densely hirtellous.

Caquetd: Without locality, Uribe-P. s. n. (US).

Putumayo: Forest of Umbrfa, 325 meters, Klug 1742 (GH, NY, US).

60. Justicia laevilinguis (Nees) Lindau

Rhytiglossa laevilinguis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9, pt. 7: 120. 1847. Several
syntypes, all from Brazil, are cited; a photograph (US) of a Sellow specimen
without specific locality probably represents type material (Field Mus. No.
8838).

Rhytiglossa obtusifolia Nees, loc. cit. Two syntypes are cited: Buenos Aires,
Argentina (Herb. Arnott), and Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
Sellow; there is a photograph (US) of a specimen in the Berlin Herbarium
collected in Brazil (without specific locality) by Sellow that may be type
material (Field Mus. No, 8848).

Justicia laevilinguis Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 19, Beibl. 48: 20. 1894.

Dianthera laevilinguis Durand & Jackson, Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 132. 1902 (at-
tributed erroneously to Lindau).

Justicia obtusifolia Lindau Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. 2, 3: 633. 1903. Based on

Rhytiglossa obtusifolia Nees.

Herbs; stems simple or moderately branched, erect or ascending
and rooting at the lower nodes, more or less succulent, 4-sulcate,
glabrous or sparingly and retrorsely pilose, the hairs septate, up to
1 mm. long; leaves sessile or the lowermost short-petioled (up to 3
mm. long), linear or narrowly lanceolate, up to 13 cm. long and 23
mm. wide, slenderly acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute, obtuse
or rounded at base, both surfaces glabrous or the costa of the lower
surface bearing a few scattered hairs, the cystoliths minute and incon-
spicuous; spikes terminal and axillary, up to 6 cm. long, rather
slender, the flowers secund, the rachis glabrous, its internodes up to

622 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

5 mm. long at maturity, the peduncles up to 7 em. long, glabrous or
nearly so; bracts triangular, up to 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base,
acuminate, glabrous; bractlets subulate, 1 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide
at base, glabrous; calyx up to 7 mm. long, deeply segmented, the
segments linear-lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide, acuminate, glabrous or
sparingly ciliolate toward tip, the minute delicate cystoliths rather
prominent under a lens; corolla white, tinged with violet, blue
violet or purple, glabrous or minutely and _ sparingly pubescent,
rarely over 15 mm. long, the tube 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at
base, 3 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip obovate, up to 1 cm.
long and 4.5 mm. wide, rounded, entire, the lower lip spreading, up
to 13 mm. long and about 15 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate,
about 6 mm. long and wide, rounded, delicately veined; stamens
exserted about 3 mm. above mouth of corolla tube, glabrous, the
anther cells superposed, the upper cell horizontal, 1.25 mm. long,
0.5 mm. broad, the lower vertical, 1.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad,
acute at base, both cells glabrous, the connective about 0.5 mm.
wide; capsules ovate-stipitate, 17 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, 0.75 mm.
thick (the solid stipe 7 mm. long and 0.75 mm. thick and 0.5 mm.
wide), acute at tip, glabrous; retinacula 3 mm. long, slightly curved,
bidentate at tip; seed suborbicular, 5 mm. long, 5.5 mm. broad,
barely 0.5 mm. thick, gray or flecked brown, glabrous, the margin
thin, lacerate or toothed at tip and base.

Justicia laevilinguis, a plant of swampy regions, is widely distrib-
uted throughout tropical America. In spite of its great range, speci-
mens are not often collected, probably because it is not abundant
in any particular place. The specimens cited were all from below 50
meters altitude.

Its broad strongly flattened capsules and thin orbicular eray or
brown flecked, thin-margined seeds are unique.

ArLAntico: Barranquilla and vicinity, Bro. Elias 287 (US); Bro. Paul B-19 (US).

Borfvar: River marsh at Magangué, Pennell 3948 (NY); 3958 (GH, NY, US).

MaapaLena: Savanna, Chiriguan4, Cyril Allen 25 (Mo). Wet soil, El Blanco,
Pennell & Rusby 24 (NY).

61. Justicia idiogenes Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 230

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, sursum dense hirsutis,
pilis patulis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica,
apice acuta vel acuminata (apica ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliquanto firma, integra, supra glabra, subtus hirtella, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, curvatis, ascendentibus, cystolithis minutis,
inconspicuis; petioli hirsuti; spicae axillares, solitariae vel binae,
plus minusve curvatae, floribus secundis, pluribus et densis, rhache
et pedunculo gracilibus, hirtellis; bracteae spathulatae, obtusae vel
rotundatae, basi angustatae, aliquanto hirtellae et ciliatae; bracteolae

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 623

similes sed paulo angustiore; calycis sementa lanceolato-subulata,
glabra; corolla alba (interdum lilacina), parva, labiis subaequalibus,
labio superiore erecto, ovato, apice subobtuso et emargianto, labio
inferiore 3-lobato, plus minusve patulo, lobis ovatis, rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum leviter superpositis, glabris,
lobo inferiore calcarato, filamentis planis, subhyalinis; capsulae
parvae, clavatae, parce hirtellae; retinacula fere recta, apice tenuia;
semina suborbicularia, plana, nigra, glabra.

Shrubs up to 1.5 meters high; stems subquadrangular, up to 5 mm.
in diameter, densely hirsute, the hairs coarse, spreading, up to 0.65
mm. long, the lower portions of the stems glabrate; leaf blades oblong-

Th

Ficure 230.—Justicia idiogenes Leonard (a, b, Cuatrecasas 1073/; c-e, Klug 1813): a, Tip
of plant to show inflorescence and leaves; b, calyx, bract and bractlet; c, bract; d, stamen;
¢, capsule valve. (a, Half natural size; b, 4 times natural size; ¢, 544 times natural size;
d, 6 times natural size; ¢, 1}4 times natural size.)

elliptic, up to 25.5 em. long and 9 em. wide, acute to subacuminate
(the tip itself subobtuse), narrowed at base, rather firm, entire,
the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface hirtellous, the hairs
confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins, curved, ascending,
about 0.2 mm. long, the venation rather prominent, more so beneath
than above, the cystoliths minute and inconspicuous, blackish;
petioles up to 13 mm. long, hirsute; spikes solitary or in pairs, axillary,
subsessile, up to 6 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, more or less curved, the
flowers secund, numerous, crowded, the rachis slender, hirtellous, the
peduncle short; bracts spathulate, 4.25 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide

624 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

near tip, obtuse or rounded, narrowed and slender toward base,
rather sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate; bractlets similar but narrower
(0.75 mm. wide); calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous, the segments lance-
subulate, about 0.25 mm. wide at base; flowers white (lilac and red-
brown, Klug 1813), 8 mm. long, glabrous, 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2.5
mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, 2.5 mm. long, the upper lip
ovate, erect, 2 mm. wide near base, obtusish and emarginate at tip,
the lower lip more or less spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm.
long, 0.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens slightly exserted beyond the
mouth of the corolla tube, the anther lobes slightly superposed, 0.75
mm. long, 0.25 mm. broad, glabrous, the lower cell calcarate, the fila-
ments flat and subhyaline; stigma slightly exceeding the upper lip of
the corolla; capsules (Klug 1813) clavate, sparingly hirtellous, 8 mm.
long, 3.5 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick, the stipitate solid basal portion
1.25 mm. broad; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, nearly straight, the margins
and tip thin; seeds suborbicular, flat, black, smooth.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1798533, collected in
damp forests along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Porvenir, Comisaria
of Putumayo, Colombia, 230 to 250 meters altitude, November 22,
1940, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 10757).

The following specimens also may be of this species: Klug’s No.
1813, collected in the forests of Umbria, Comisaria of Putumayo,
325 meters altitude, October or November 1930, and Richard Evans
Schultes’ No. 3538, collected along the Rio San Miguel, in the vicinity
of Conejo, Putumayo, 300 meters altitude, April 2-5, 1942.

Klug’s specimen differs from the type in its lilac and red-brown
(not white) flowers and in the slightly wider and more slenderly
stipitate bracts. It does not seem expedient, however, to assign
specific or varietal rank to this plant until further material can be
examined.

Schultes’ specimen was taken from a large herb and was called
in the Kofén vernacular, ‘chu-ru-ko-pu.”

The specific epithet is from the Greek idoyerys, meaning peculiar
of its kind, in allusion to the peculiar curved secund spikes.

62. Justicia fusagasugana Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 231

Herba ramosa, caulibus subteretibus, dense bifariam hirtellis,
pilis retrorse curvatis, nodis tumidis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata
vel lanceolata, apice obtusa, acuta vel acuminata, basi rotundata
vel cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, hirtella, pilis
patulis, plus minusve curvatis; petioli dense hirtelli; flores sessiles
vel in spicis brevibus dispositi, terminales et axillares, rhachibus
hirtellis; bracteae lineari-subulatae, carinatae, parce hirtellae, pilis
acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis; segmenta calycis lanceolata,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 625

ciliolata, extus parce hirtella, intus papillosa, marginibus albis et
subhyalinis; corolla lilacina, minute pubescens, tubo angusto hypo-
crateriformi, labio superiore anguste ovato, labio inferiore cunei-
formi, 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum
rectis, superpositis, lobo inferiore caudato; ovarium dense puberulum.

Branching herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subterete, rather
densely hirtellous, the hairs more or less disposed in two lines, re-
trorsely curved, up to 0.4.mm. long, the nodes swollen; leaf blades
oblong-ovate to lanceolate, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse,

Ficure 231.—Justicia fusagasugana Leonard (André 1517): a, Node of stem showing
inflorescence; b, bracts; ¢, tip of bract enlarged to show type of hairs; d, calyx; ¢, section
of calyx segment (outer surface) enlarged to show hyaline margins; f, anther. (a,
Natural size; b, 34 times natural size; c, 25 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size;
¢, f, 10 times natural size.)

acute or acuminate, rounded to narrowed at base, moderately firm,
entire or undulate, hirtellous, the lower surface sometimes densely
so, the hairs up to 0.4 mm. long, mostly spreading and more or less
curved; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, hirtellous, usually densely so;
flowers several, borne in close axillary clusters or sometimes in short
axillary spikes up to 1.5 cm. long with hirtellous rachises; bracts
linear-subulate, up to 8 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, carinate,
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs 0.25 mm. long, some of them gland-
tipped; calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base,

626 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

0.5 mm. wide at middle, thence gradually narrowed into a slender
tip, ciliolate, the outer surface sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up
to 0.25 mm. long, the inner surface papillose, the margins whitish
and subhyaline; corolla lilac, sparingly and minutely pubescent,
the tube 9 mm. long, the throat about 4 mm. broad, the upper lip
narrowly ovate, about 6 mm. long, the lower cuneiform, 11 mm. long,
3-lobed, the lobes 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens
exserted, reaching to middle of lips of the corolla, the anther lobes
superposed and vertical, 1.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the lower one
caudate, the tail 0.75 mm. long; ovary densely puberulent; cap-
sules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Fusagasugi, Department
of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,780 meters altitude, February 4, 1876,
Ed. André (No. 1517).

Cundinamarca: Tocaima, 500 meters altitude, January 1858, Triana s. n.
(Col).

Justicia fusagasugana is closely related to and superficially resembles
the Mexican J. furcata Jacq. The habit of growth, leaf blades, stems,
and inflorescences of the two species are very similar. The bracts
and calyces are, however, definitely different. In J. furcata, the bracts
are thick, narrowly obovate, up to 3 mm. wide and broadest above the
middle, acute at tip, the costa prominent, and the calyces are notice-
ably larger and their segments oblong instead of slenderly acuminate.
63. Justicia scytophylla Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 232

Herba vel suffrutex, caulibus ramosis, subquadrangularibus, angulis
rotundatis, deorsum leviter sulcatis, glabris, sursum bifariam hirtellis,
pilis albis, curvatis; lamina foliorum lanceolata, apice acuta, basi
obtusa, breviter in petiolum decurrens, coriacea, integra vel undulata,
glabra vel in costa et area marginali parce hirtella, costa et venis
lateralibus et venulis crasse reticulatis utrinque prominentibus,
cystolithis nullis; petioli breves, minute puberuli, pilis subappressis;
spicae densae, terminales, rhachibus minute pubcrulis, pilis curvatis,
pedunculis bifariam puberulis; bracteae parvae, anguste lanceolatae,
acutae, ciliatae, parce et minute hirtellae, costa prominente; bracteolae
subulatae, costa prominente, ciliatae et parce hirtellae; calycis seg-
menta lanceolata, apice acuta, gracilia, ciliata, parce et minute hir-
tella; corolla hypocrateriformis, sursum pubescens, deorsum glabra,
labio superiore anguste ovato, apice bilobato, lobis parvis, obtusis,
labio inferiore cuncato, 3-lobato; stamina vix exserta, glabra, lobis
antherarum superpositis, minute dorsale pilosis, connectivo lato;
capsulae clavatae, pubescentes.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants; stems branching, subquadrangular,
the angles rounded, the lower portions shallowly grooved, glabrous,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 627

the upper parts bifariously hirtellous, the hairs white, variously
curved, up to 0.45 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate, up to 6.5 cm. long
and 12 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip,
narrowed or obtuse at base and briefly decurrent on the petiole,
coriaceous, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa and marginal
regions sparingly hirtellous, the hairs on the costa curved, subap-
pressed, up to 0.24 mm. long, those on and near the margins of the
leaf blades rigid, mostly ascending and about 0.08 mm. long, the costa,
lateral veins (about 7 pairs) and the coarsely reticulated veinlets
prominent on both surfaces of the leaf blade, the cystoliths not
apparent; petioles 1 to 3 mm. long, finely puberulous with subappressed
hairs; flowers borne in dense spikes 1 to 2.5 cm. long and 5 to 10 mm.
broad, these terminating the branches, the rachises minutely puberul-

Ficure 232.—Justicia scytophylla Leonard (Schultes & Cabrera 17545): a, Portion of stem
5 cm. below spike; b, spike; c, bract; d, calyx and bractlets; ¢, upper lip of corolla;
f, anther. (a, b, Natural size, c, ¢, 344 times natural size; d, 3 times natural size;
f, about 9 times natural size.)

ous with more or less curved hairs, only a few of which exceed 0.16 mm.
in length; peduncles up to 3 cm. long, bifariously puberulous with
curved hairs; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 4.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide
near the middle, acute, sparingly and minutely hirtellous and ciliate,
the costa prominent; bractlets subulate, 5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide
at base, the hairs and costa similar to those of the bracts; calyx seg-
ments 5, lanceolate, 5.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide near base and middle,
thence narrowed into a slender tip, sparingly and minutely hirtellous

628 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

and ciliate, the hairs up to 0.08 mm. long; corolla 8 mm. long, the upper
part finely and rather sparingly pubescent, the lower part glabrous,
the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, 2 mm. broad at the throat, the upper
lip rather narrowly ovate, 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, narrowed
from middle to a minutely bilobed tip 0.5 mm. wide, the lobes 0.25 mm.
long, obtuse, the lower lip subovate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm.
wide, rather shallowly 3-lobed at tip; stamens about 3 mm. long,
slightly exserted, the filaments slender, glabrous, the anther cells super-
posed, 0.75 mm. long, 0.25 mm. thick, minutely pilose dorsally, the
connective 0.25 mm. wide; capsules clavate, 7 mm. long, the seed-
bearing part 4 mm. long, 3 mm. broad and about 2 mm. thick, the
surface rather densely pubescent, the hairs spreading near tip, retrorse
toward base of capsule; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the tip thin, oval,
cucullate.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124584, collected
along the Rio Piraparan4, a tributary of the Rio Apaporis, Comisarfa
of Vaupés, September 18, 1952, by Richard Evans Schultes and
Isidoro Cabrera (No. 17545). Isotype: US.

The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material. The
specific epithet is from the Greek oxizos, leather, and #b\dov, leaf, in
allusion to the coriaceous texture of the leaf blades.

64. Justicia killipii Leonard, sp. nov. FIGURE 233

Herba ascendens, caulibus subquadrangularibus, minute et sub-
tiliter et retrorse strigosis; lamina foliorum ovata, breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, aliquanto firma, integra,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus subtus prominentibus,
strigosis, cystolithis gracilibus et aliquanto obscuris; petioli strigosi
vel hirtelli; spicae trifurcatae, terminales, angustae, pedunculo com-
muni longo, quadrangulari, hirsuto, pilis ascendentibus, pedunculis
secundariis brevioribus hirsutis; bracteae spicas subtendentes an-
guste lanceolatae, carinatae, hirsutae, pinnati-nervatae; bracteae flores
subtendentes lanceolatae, subacutae, parce hirtellae, pilis fere mar-
ginalibus patulis vel ascendentibus, rectis vel suberectis, costa at
nervis prominentibus; bracteolae anguste triangulares, acutae, parce
hirtellae, costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus; calycis segmenta
hirtella (pilis glandulosis leviter curvatis) et puberula (pilis patulis,
glandulosis), costa et nervis prominentibus; corolla alba, minute
hirtella, pilis rectis, plus minusve patulis, labio superiore erecto,
oblongo-ovato, apice subacuto, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo,
cuneiformi, 3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina exserta, in labio
antico corollae declinata, filamentis sursum glabris, deorsum retrorse
hirsutis, lobis antherarum superpositis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 629

caudato; capsulae clavatae, hirtellae et puberulae, pilis patulis glandu-
losis et pilis longioribus acutis, rigidis, patulis vel basi retrorsis vel
apice ascendentibus intermixtis; retinacula leviter curvata, apice alba,
truncata, erosa.

Herbs up to 25 cm. high, ascending; stems subquadrangular,
minutely and finely retrorsely strigose, the hairs up to 0.11 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate, up to 9 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate

Ficure 233.—Justicia killipii Leonard (Killip 35469): a, Tip of plant; b, portion of leaf
(under side) in detail to show hairs and cystoliths; c, bracts, a bractlet and calyx;
d, calyx; ¢, portion of bract enlarged to show pubescence; f, tip of corolla; g, anther.
(a, Half natural size, b, 20 times natural size; c, d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 25 times
natural size; f, 144 times natural size; g, 9 times natural size.)

(the tip itself blunt), acute to obtuse at base, rather firm, entire,
glabrous on both surfaces except the strigose costa and lateral veins
(8 or 9 pairs) of the lower surface, the cystoliths slender, up to 0.24
mm. long, rather obscure; petioles up to 1 cm. long, sparingly strigose
or hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; flowers borne in trifurcate
spikes up to 7 cm. long and 5 mm. broad, the common peduncle 10.5
cm. long, subquadrangular, 1.5 mm. thick, hirsute, the hairs ascending,

630 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

up to 0.32 mm. long, septate, the secondary peduncle of central spike
17 mm. long, those of the lateral ones 15 mm. long, all hirsute, the
bracts subtending the 3 spikes lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide,
carinate, closely penninerved, hirsute, the hairs mostly marginal and
costal; bracts subtending the flowers narrowly ovate, subacute, 4.5
mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide at base, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs mostly
marginal, up to 0.19 mm. long, spreading or ascending, straight or
nearly so, the costa and lateral nerves (2 or 3 pairs) prominent; bract-
lets narrowly triangular, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, sparingly
hirtellous, acute, costa and lateral nerves 1 or 2 pairs, prominent:
calyx 7 mm. long, hirtellous and puberulous, the longer hairs eglandu-
lar, shghtly curved, up to 0.19 mm. long, the smaller hairs straight,
spreading, up to 0.06 mm. long, tipped by small spherical glands, the
costa and the 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent; corolla 15 mm. long,
white, minutely hirtellous, the hairs straight or slightly curved, more or
less spreading, the tube 6 mm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed
at 3 mm. above base to 1.5 mm., thence enlarged to 2 mm. at throat,
the upper lip erect, oblong, about 9 mm. long, 3 mm. wide near base,
acutish at tip, the lower lip more or less spreading, about 7 mm. long,
cuneate, 2 mm. wide at base of the lobes, these suborbicular, about
1.25 mm. in diameter, the stamens reaching the tip of and partly lying
in the upper lip of the corolla, declinate, the filaments glabrous except
at base, here retrorsely hirsute, the hairs about 0.16 mm. long, straight,
slender; anthers 2.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. thick, the cells superposed,
vertically attached to the connective, the lower cell terminating in
a blunt tail 0.5 mm. long; capsules clavate, about 1 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, 1.75 mm. thick, both hirtellous and puberulous, the longer
hairs rigid, eglandular, spreading or retrorse toward base and ascend-
ing toward tip, up to 0.13 mm. long, the smaller hairs spreading,
up to 0.06 mm. long, glandular; retinacula 4, about 2 mm. long,
white, truncate, erose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772180, collected in
dense forests at Istmina, on the Rio San Juan, Intendencia of Chocé,
Colombia, about 75 meters altitude, April 29, 1939, by E. P. Killip
(No. 35469).

Cuoco: Rio San Juan, vicinity of Palestina, 0-40 meters, May 29, 1946?
Cuatrecasas 21428 (Valle).

Justicia killipii is closely related to J. sterea Leonard but can be
separated by its smaller size, the more ovate-shaped leaves and the
much larger spikes. The plants of J. sterea often exceed 70 cm. in
height, thus being at least twice as high as those of J. killipid; their
elliptic leaves are up to 13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide instead of only
9 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide, and their spikes are only 3 em. long
instead of 7 cm.

LEONARD—-THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 631

65. Justicia graphophylla Leonard, sp. nov. FiaurE 234

Herba magna, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel in nodis
parce pubcrulis, pilis rizidis, antrorse appressis, cystolithis multis, sub-
punctiformibus; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata
(apice gracili), basi angustata, firma, undulata, utrinque glabra, costa
et venis lateralibus et venulis crasse reticulatis prominentibus, cysto-
lithis utrinque multis, conspicuis; petioli glabri vel parce strigosi;
spicae axillares et terminales; pedunculi antrorse hirtelli, pilis rigidis;
rhaches subquadrangulares, dense hirtellae, pilis rigidis, antrorse sub-
appressis; bracteae infimae subulatae, carinatae, conduplicatae, parce
hirtellae, pilis rigidis ascendentibus, cystolithis multis et conspicuis;
bracteae supremae subulatae vel anguste triangulares, parvae, acumi-
natae, carinatae, parce hirtellae, cystolithis multis et conspicuis;
bracteolae bracteis similes vel leviter breviores; calycis segmenta
anguste linearia, parce hirtella, pilis rigidis, ascendentibus, cystolithis
multis, conspicuis; corolla alba, labio anteriore violaceo-maculato, tubo
angusto, basi glabro, sursum aliquanto dense hirtello, pilis plus minusve
patulis, rigidis, labio superiore erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice rotundato,
emarginato, labio inferiore patulo vel recurvato, oblongo, intus glandu-
loso-papilloso, apice 3-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, lobo medio
cucullato; stamina exserta labium corollae aequalia vel leviter brevi-
ora, filamentis glabris, lobis antherarum hirsutis, superpositis, ver-
ticalibus, lobo inferiore breviter caudato; ovarium glabrum.

Large herbs, probably up to 1 meter high or more; stems subquad-
rangular, glabrous or sparingly puberulous at the nodes, the hairs rigid,
upwardly appressed, the cystoliths numerous, subpunctiform; leaf
blades oblong-elliptic, up to 17 cm. long and 8 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, the tip slender, narrowed at base, firm, undulate, both
surfaces glabrous, the costa, lateral veins (usually 8 pairs) and the
coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent, the cystoliths of both surfaces
numerous and conspicuous, 0.24 mm. long; petioles 2 to 2.5 em. long,
glabrous or sparingly strigose; spikes axillary and terminal, usually
about 6 cm. long; peduncles 8 to 13 mm. long, upwardly hirtellous, the
hairs rigid, subappressed, mostly about 0.11 mm. long; rachis sub-
quadrangular, about 0.75 mm. in diameter, densely hirtellous with
rigid upwardly subappressed hairs, the internodes up to about 8 mm.
long, the lowermost pair of bracts subulate, 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
wide at base, carinate and conduplicate, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
ascending, rigid, about 0.16 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous and
conspicuous, the upper bracts subulate or narrowly triangular, about
1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, narrowed from base to a slender tip, carinate,
sparingly hirtellous and covered with cystoliths; bractlets similar to
the bracts, equaling them or slightly shorter; calyx segments narrowly
linear, 8.5 mm. long, about 0.75 mm. wide, sparingly hirtellous, the

632 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

hairs rigid and ascending, up to 0.2 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous,
parallel and conspicuous; corolla white with the anterior lip spotted
with violet (Pennell), 26 mm. long, rather densely hirtellous except
at base, the hairs more or less spreading, up to 0.24 mm. long, rigid,
the corolla tube narrow, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 5 mm.
above base to 1.5 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 2.5 mm. at mouth,

Ficure 234.—Justicia graphophylla Leonard (Pennell 4500): a, Section of plant showing
node, internode, leaf, peduncle and lowermost pairs of bracts (spikes fragmented);
b, portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show veins and cystoliths; ¢, lower-
most pair of bracts; d, section of spike showing bracts, a bractlet and calyx; ¢, section
of calyx segment enlarged to show nerves, pubescence and cystoliths; f, corolla; g,
portion of lower lip of corolla enlarged to show capitate-glandular hairs; 4, anther.
(a, Half natural size; b, about 14 times natural size; ¢, d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 12 times
natural size; f, twice natural size; g, about 30 times natural size; A, 7 times natural size.)

the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, 12 mm. long, 4 mm. wide at base,
0.75 mm. wide at tip, rounded, emarginate, the lower lip spreading or
recurved, the inner surface papillose, oblong, 5 mm. wide, 3-lobed at
tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded, the middle
one cucullate; stamens exserted, equaling or slightly shorter than the
corolla lips, the filaments glabrous, the anthers 3.5 mm. long, 0.5 mm.
broad, dorsally hirsute, the cells superposed and vertically attached

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 633

to the connective, the cells slightly overlapping, the lower one short-
caudate, the tail rounded at tip, about 0.32 mm. long; ovary hirtellous.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
in forest of Boca Antizales, on the Rio Esmeralda, Department of
Bolivar, Colombia, 800 to 1,200 meters altitude, February 26, 1918,
by Francis W. Pennell (No. 4500).

Justicia graphophylla bears a close relationship to J. phlebophylla
and resembles it in many respects, especially in the large glabrous or
nearly glabrous leaf blades, these densely covered by cystoliths. In
J. phlebophylla, the rachis of the spike is heavy and the flowers
secund; the rachis does not show any tendency to fragmentation
as in J. graphophylla. The specific epithet is from the Greek
ypadw, engrave or draw, and ¢iAdov, leaf, in allusion to the design
formed by the conspicuous cystoliths.

66. Justicia petraea Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaurp 235

Suffrutex, caulibus ascendentibus, fere simplicibus, sursum sub-
quadrangularibus, basi in nodis radicantibus, hirtellis, pilis subbrun-
neis, retrorse curvatis, deorsum teretibus, retrorse puberulis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, integra,
utrinque glabra vel parce hirsuta, costa et venis lateralibus subtus
prominentibus, supra obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli
crassi, hirtelli; spicae terminales, simplices vel furcatae, pedunculis et
rhachibus aliquanto hirtellis, pilis brunneis, plus minusve patulis;
bracteae parvae, anguste lanceolatae, apice obtusae, firmae, sub-
carinatae, striatae, hirtellae; bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, apice
obtusae, hirtellae; calycis sezgmenta anguste lanceolata, apice acuta,
parce hirtella, graciliter 3-nervata; corolla alba, labiis purpureo-
lineatis, parce puberula, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore oblongo-
ovato, apice rotundatis; stamina exserta, antherae lobis superpositis,
lobo inferiore calcarato, calcare apice cucullato, rotundato, connectivo
calcarato, pubescente, filamentis sursum glabris, basi retrorse hirtellis,
pilis rigidis, rectis; capsulae clavatae, aliquanto hirtellae, pilis acutis
et pilis brevioribus glandulosis intermixtis; semina plana, obscure
muricata.

Suffrutescent plants up to 1.15 meters high or more; stems ascend-
ing, mostly simple, subquadrangular, hirtellous, the hairs brownish,
about 0.28 mm. long, retrorsely curved, the lower portions of the
stems subterete, glabrate or sparingly and retrorsely puberulous, the
horizontal portions rooting at the nodes; leaf blades oblong-ovate or
oblong-elliptic, 14 cm. long, 5.5 em. wide, short-acuminate (the tip
itself obtuse or rounded), obtuse or rounded at base, rather firm,
entire, both surfaces glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the hairs brownish,

388179—57——21

634 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

up to 1.5 mm. long, ascending or subappressed, up to 1.5 mm. long,
those of costa and lateral veins (10 to 12 pairs) smaller, up to 0.5
mm. long, the venation prominent beneath, less so above, the cysto-
liths numerous and conspicuous, up to 0.25 mm. long; petioles stout,
2 to 4 mm. long, hirtellous with brownish ascending hairs up to 0.2
mm. long; spikes terminal, single or forked, up to 12 cm. long, the
secondary peduncles about 2.5 cm. long, the lowermost internode of

ago

— Su.

Figure 235.— Justicia petraea Leonard (C. L. Collenette 614): a, Tip of plant; b, portion of
under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show pubescence and cystoliths; ¢, bract; d,
bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, portion of capsule enlarged to show pubescence; g, anther (front
view); hk, same (lateral view). (a, About half natural size; 5, 10 times natural size;
c-e, 5 times natural size; f, about 20 times natural size; g, h, 8 times natural size.)

the rachis 1.5 em. long, the others successively shorter toward tip of
spike, these and the peduncles rather densely hirtellous, the hairs
brown, more or less spreading, up to 0.3 mm. long; bracts subtend-
ing spikes subulate, 4 or 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base,
gradually narrowed to a blunt tip, subcarinate, firm, hirtellous lke
the rachis; bracts subtending the flowers subulate, the lowermost pair
linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, blunt at tip, striate,
hirtellous, the others successively smaller toward tip of spike; bractlets

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 635

linear, up to 3.5 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, blunt at tip, hirtellous;
calyx 6 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. wide near the base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, sparingly
hirtellous with spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.5 mm. long,
delicately 3-nerved; corolla 13 mm. long, white with mauve markings
on lip, rather sparingly puberulous, the hairs spreading, up to 0.13
mm. long, the lips subequal, 6 mm. long, the upper one oblong-ovate,
about 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lower one cuneate, 7 mm. wide
at base of the 3 lobes, these ovate, 3 mm. long, the middle one 3 mm.
wide at base, the lateral ones 2 mm. wide, all rounded at tip; stamens
slightly exserted, the anthers 2 mm. long, dorsally pubescent, the
cells vertical or slightly oblique at maturity, superposed, 1 mm. long,
0.5 mm. wide, the lower one calcarate, the tail 0.5 mm. long, cucullate
and rounded at tip, the connective spurred, the filaments glabrous
except at base, here retrorsely hirtellous with straight rigid hairs up
to 0.24 mm. long; capsules 4-seeded, clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, 1.5 mm. thick, rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs more or
less spreading, up to 0.11 mm. long or a few at the tip of the capsule
reaching 0.18 mm. in length, the acute hairs intermixed with shorter
gland-tipped ones; retinacula curved or bent at middle, 1.5 mm.
long, the tip rounded, thin, obscurely erose; seeds flat, about 2 mm. in
diameter, light brown, obscurely tuberculate.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected on rocks in narrow gorge
near stream, Gorgona Island (off coast of Cauca), Colombia, ‘200
ft.” altitude, October 18, 1924, by C. L. Collenette (No. 614).

Justicia petraea may be related to J. sterea, a species with a similar
inflorescence but with the leaf blades acute at base and the petioles
longer. The specific epithet is from the Greek zerpaios, meaning
living on or among rocks, in allusion to its habitat.

67. Justicia sterea Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 236

Herba recta, rigida, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, sub-
quadrangularibus, sursum bifariam retrorse strigosis, pilis minutis,
deorsum glabris, cystolithis minutis et parallelis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata et saepe curvata, basi
angustata, firma, crassa, integra, supra glabra, subtus glabra, costa
et venis prominentibus minute strigosis exceptis, cystolithis conspicuis
sed plus minusve raris; petioli crassi, minute strigosi; spicae bifurcatae,
pedunculis aliquanto longis, hirtellis, pilis brunneis, recurvatis, rhache
hirtella, pilis plus minusve rectis et patulis; bracteae spicas sub-
tendentes subulatae, acutae, carinatae, cystolithis densis conspicuis
parallelis; bracteae flores subtendentes anguste triangulares, acutae,
hirsutae et ciliatae, cystolithis parallelis, prominentibus; bracteolae
similes sed angustiores; calycis segmenta 5, parva, lanceolata, acuta,

636 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3-nervata, costa et marginibus parce ciliolata; corolla alba, aliquanto
puberula (pilis eglandulosis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis), aliquanto
parva, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore erecto, oblongo, apice
minute bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, cuneato,
trilobato, lobis rotundatis; stamina exserta, in labio antico corollae
declinata, lobis antherarum superpositis, rectis, lobo inferiore
calcarato; ovarium apice hirsutum.

Stuff erect herbs up to 66 cm. high or more; stems simple or spar-
ingly branched, subquadrangular, the upper portion bifariously and
retrorsely strigose (the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long), glabrous below,

Figure 236.—Justicia sterea Leonard (Cuatrecasas 16811): a, Tip of plant to show leaf
and inflorescence; b, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show pubescence
and cystoliths; ¢, bract and bractlets; d, margin of bract (near tip) enlarged to show
pubescence; ¢, calyx segment (inner surface); f, tip of calyx segment (outer surface);
g, tip of corolla; A, portion of inner surface of upper lip enlarged to show glandular
pubescence; 7, anther. (a, Half natural size; b, g, 3 times natural size; ¢, 5 times natural
size; d, 18 times natural size; ¢, f, 444 times natural size; h, 30 times natural size; i, 15
times natural size.)

the cystoliths minute and parallel; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
13.5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, the tips often
curved (the tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, firm and fleshy, entire,
the upper surface glabrous, the lower surface glabrous except the
costa and lateral veins (8 or 9 pairs), these minutely strigose, the
venation prominent beneath, obscure above, the cystoliths conspic-
uous under lens but more or less scattered ; petioles up to 2 em.
long and 1.75 mm. thick, minutely strigose; flowers borne in terminal
forked spikes up to 3 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, the peduncle up to

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 637

6 cm. long, hirtellous, the hairs brownish, recurved, up to 0.16 mm.
long, the rachis hirsute, the hairs similar to those of the peduncle
but straighter and more spreading, the bracts subtending the spikes
subulate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acute, carinate, hirsute,
the cystoliths dense, parallel, conspicuous where not obscured by the
hairs; bracts subtending the flowers narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long,
1 mm. wide at base, acute and ciliate, densely covered by parallel
cystoliths; bractlets similar to the bracts but slightly narrower;
calyx segments 5, about 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved,
the costa and margins sparingly ciliolate; corolla white, rather
sparingly puberulous, some of the hairs glandular, the upper lip
erect, oblong, 6.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed
to a minutely bilobed tip 0.5 mm. wide, the lower lips spreading,
cuneate, about 3 mm. wide at the base of the lobes, these 3, rounded,
about 1.5 mm. long and wide; stamens barely reaching the tip of the
upper corolla lip and partly enfolded by it, the anther lobes superposed,
vertically attached to the connective, each lobe about 0.75 mm. long,
the lower one spurred, the style slightly longer than the stamens;
ovary hirsute at the tip.

Type in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronémia del Valle,
Palmira, Colombia, collected at La Trojita, on the Rio Calima,
Department of El Valle, Colombia, 5 to 50 meters altitude, February
19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 16811).

The label on the type sheet bears the following notes by J. Cuatre-
casas: “‘Hierba erguida, rigida. Hoja herbacea, crasiuscula, verde
grisacea; bracteas y calices verde pélidas. Corola blanca.” Justicia
sterea has apparently no close relatives, except perhaps J. petraea or
J.hodgei. The specific epithet is from the Greek o7epeds, meaning stiff
or rigid, in allusion to the habit of the plant.

68. Justicia sciera Leonard, sp. nov. FicurRE 237

Herba parva ascendens, caulibus in nodis radicantibus, sursum
glabris vel retrorse puberulis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice obtusa,
basi rotundata, aliquanto firma, integra, glabra vel subtus costa
minute hirtella, pilis curvatis, costa et venis prominentibus, cysto-
lithis prominentibus; petioli longi, graciles, glabri vel minute hirtelli;
spicae terminales, pedunculo longo et rhache puberulis; bracteae
spathulatae, minute et parce puberulae et ciliolatae, obtusae, basi
anguste cuneatae; bracteolae oblanceolatae, apice rotundatae, basi
angustatae, parce puberulae et ciliolatae; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, acuminata, parce puberula et ciliolata; corolla ignota; capsulae
clavatae, aliquanto parvae, glabrae vel apice pilis paucis minutis
praeditae; retinacula leviter curvata, marginibus graciliter striata,
apice plana, obtusa, erosa; semina subbrunnea, cordata, muricata.

638 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ascending herbs up to 20 cm. high; stems rooting at the lower nodes,
subquadrangular, glabrous or retrorsely puberulous, the hairs up to
0.38 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, up to 7 em. long and 28 mm. wide,
obtuse at tip, rounded at base, moderately firm, entire, glabrous

Figure 237.—Justicia sciera Leonard (Gutiérrez-V. 1300): a, Tip of plant showing leaves
and inflorescence; b, portion of upper part of stem enlarged to show pubescence; ¢,
portion of leaf blade (under surface) enlarged to show cystoliths; d, bract; ¢, bractlet;
f, calyx segment; g, capsule valve; h, retinaculum. (a, Natural size; b, about 30 times
natural size; ¢, 10 times natural size; d—f, 3 times natural size; g,2 times natural size;
h, 644 times natural size.)

or the costa of the lower surface roughened by minute curved hairs,
the venation rather prominent beneath (the lateral veins 6 or 7 pairs)
obscure above, the cystoliths rather prominent under a lens; petioles
slender, up to 4 cm. long, glabrous or roughened by minute curved
hairs; flowers borne in terminal spikes up to 4 cm. long and 2 cm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 639

broad, the peduncle 1.5 cm. long, this and the rachis puberulous;
bracts spathulate, 12 mm. long, 3 to 3.5 mm. wide near tip, obtuse,
gradually narrowed to base; bractlets oblanceolate, 1 cm. long, 1.5
mm. wide, rounded at tip, gradually narrowed to base, both bracts
and bractlets sparingly puberulous and ciliolate, the costa moderately
prominent; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide
near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, sparingly puberulous
and ciliolate; corolla not seen; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
broad, about 1 mm. thick, glabrous or bearing a few minute subap-
pressed hairs toward tip, these about 0.06 mm. long; retinacula 2.5
mm. long, slightly curved, the margins finely striate, the tip flattened,
obtuse, erose; seed brownish, cordate, flattened, about 2.5 mm. long
and 2 mm. broad, muricate, the projections low and rounded.

Type in the herbarium of the Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad
Nacional, Medellin, Colombia, collected in a damp shady place on the
bank of the Rfo Verde de los Montes, in the Municipio de Sonsén,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, January 31, 1947, by Gabriel
Gutiérrez-V. (No. 1300).

The flowers, according to label notes, are lilac. Apparently there
are no close relatives. The specific epithet is from the Greek oxvepés,
meaning ‘‘in the shade.”

69. Justicia stereostachya Leonard, sp. nov. Friaure 238

Herba, caulibus rectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
deorsum glabris, sursum bifariam hirsutis, pilis curvatis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, acuta vel breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma et
subcoriacea, integra vel undulata, supra glabra, obscure viridis (sicca),
cystolithis sub lente conspicuis, subtus olivacea, glabra, costa et venis
conspicuis, aliquanto puberulis, pilis subappressis; petioli breves,
strigillosi; spicae terminales, solitariae vel ternae, rigidae, pedunculis
gracilibus, acute quadrangularibus, hirsutis, pilis curvatis, patulis
vel ascendentibus, septatis, rhache plana, hirsuta; bracteae ovatae,
firmae, ciliatae, hirsutae, pilis rectis, septatis, acutis vel cyathiform-
ibus, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus, cystolithis conspicuis
(sub lente); bracteolae ovatae, parvae, acutae, plus minusve hirsutae;
calycis segmenta rigida, lanceolata, acuta, glabra vel pilos cyathi-
formibus ferentes, costa prominente; corolla lilacina, puberula, pilis
patulis, glandulosis, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore triangulato-
ovato, apice obtuso et apiculato, labio inferiore cunciformi, plicato,
3-lobato, lobis orbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina exserta, lobis
superpositis et contiguis, verticalibus, lobo inferiore calcarato ;
capsulae graciliter clavatae, puberulae, pilis appressis; semina (im-
matura) plana, apice rotundata, basi oblique subcordata, glabra.

640 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Erect or ascending herbs up to 40 cm. high or more; stems sub-
quadrangular, glabrous below, the upper portions bifariously hirsute,
the hairs about 0.3 mm. long, curved; leaf blades oblong-elliptical,
up to 13 cm. long and 5.2 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip

Figure 238.—Justicia stereostachya Leonard (Cuatrecasas 13061): a, Tip of plant showing
leaf blades and spike; b, calyx, bracts and bractlets; c, hairs from dorsal region of
bract; d, corolla; e¢, pubescence of corolla; f, anther; g, capsule valve; h, seed. (a,
Natural size; b, about 3 times natural size; c, 30 times natural size; d, twice natural
size; ¢, 4 times natural size; f, 7}4 times natural size; g, 114 times natural size; h, 6 times
natural size.)

itself obtuse), narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather
firm and leathery, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous,
drying dull green, minutely alveolar, the costa and lateral veins (6 to
8 pairs) obscure, the cystoliths conspicuous under a lens, up to

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 641

0.24 mm. long, the lower surface drying light olive-green, glabrous
except costa and lateral veins, these conspicuous, moderately puberu-
lous, the hairs curved, up to 0.11 mm. long, subappressed; petioles
5 mm. long, appressed-puberulous; spikes solitary or in 3’s, rigid, up
to 5 em. long and 4 mm. broad, the peduncles slender, up to 2.4 cm.
long, sharply quadrangular, 0.75 mm. thick gradually increased to
1.75 mm. at base of first pair of bracts, there somewhat fiattened,
hirsute, the hairs straight or curved, spreading or ascending, septate,
the rachis flattened, the lower internodes about 6 mm. long, the others
successively shorter toward tip of the spike, the hairs similar to those
of the peduncles; bracts ovate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute,
firm, hirsute, the hairs about 0.2 mm. long, erect, septate, some of
them cyathiform, the margins ciliate, the costa prominent, the cysto-
liths conspicuous; bractlets ovate, 1.75 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide,
acute, the pubescence that of the bracts; calyx 6 mm. long, the
segments rigid, lanceolate, 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide slightly above
middle, acute, glabrous or bearing a few cyathiform hairs, sparingly
ciliate, the costa and a pair of lateral nerves prominent; corolla lilac,
densely puberulous with spreading glandular hairs about 0.8 mm. long,
except the lower portion, this glabrous, the tube 6 mm. long, the
basal portion 2.5 mm. broad, narrowed at middle to 2 mm., thence
enlarged to 2.5 mm. at throat, the lips subequal, about 6 mm. long,
the upper lip triangular-ovate, 3 mm. broad at base, obtuse and
apiculate at tip, the lower lip cuneiform, 5 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed,
the lobes orbicular, the middle one 2.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones
1.75 mm. wide, all rounded, the throat swollen and plaited; stamens
exserted 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, the lobes 1 mm.
long, superposed and contiguous, attached vertically to the connective,
the lower cell spurred, the spur ligulate, curved, flattened, rounded at
tip, the filaments flattened, their ventral surface densely glandular-
puberulous; style about as long as the stamens; ovary glabrous;
capsules slenderly clavate, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad, 1.5 mm. thick,
puberulous, the hairs appressed, about 0.1 mm. long, the retinacula
1.5 mm. long; seed (immature) flattened, 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide,
rounded at tip, obliquely subcordate at base, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1850311, collected
in the valley of the Rio Cubugén, between El Carafio and El Indio, in
the vicinity of Sarare, Department of Norte de Santander, Colombia,
470 to 600 meters altitude, November 12, 1941, by J. Cuatrecasas
(No. 13061).

Justicia stereostachya can be easily recognized by its rigid spikes,
densely glandular corollas with swollen plaited throat, and by the
leathery leaf blades. The specific epithet is from the greek orepeds,
rigid, and ordxvus, spike.

642 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

70. Justicia hodgei Leonard, sp. nov. FiaurE 239

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus vel deorsum subteretibus,
glabris vel in nodis hirtellis, pilis rigidis fere patulis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata vel oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata, apice saepe
curvata, basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
integra vel undulata, glabra vel costa et venis prominentibus parce
et minute hirtellis, pilis rigidis, cystolithis obscuris; petioli aliquanto
crassi, glabri vel minute hirtelli; spicae solitariae, terminales, densae
vel basi in maturitate laxae, pedunculis quadrangularibus, minute
et parce hirtellis, rhachibus minute hirtellis, pilis rigidis fere patulis;
bracteae ovatae, acutae (apice ipso obtuso), glabrae, marginibus
ciliolatis, pilis rigidis, patulis vel ascendentibus; bracteolae lanceolatae,
parvae, acutae, glabrae, marginibus ciliolatis, ambis bracteis et bract-
eolis cystolithis crassis conspicuis praeditis; calycis segmenta lanceo-
lata, graciliter acuminata, glabrae vel subglabrae, marginibus cilio-
latis, cystolithis paucis gracilibus; corolla aliquanto parva, lilacina,
dense hirtella, pilis rigidis, patulis, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore
erecto, oblongo-ovato, apice emarginato, labio inferiore trilobato,
lobis oblongo-ovatis, apice rotundatis, marginibus ciliolatis; stamina
vix exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, lobo superiore obliquo,
inferiore verticali, obscure caudato; capsulae clavatae, minute
hirtellae, pilis rigidis, patulis.

Suffrutescent plants up to 1 meter high; stems quadrangular or
the lower parts subterete, glabrous or hirtellous at the nodes, the
hairs rigid, up to 0.13 mm. long, mostly spreading; leaf blades
oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 21 cm. long and 9 cm. wide,
short-acuminate, the tip often curved, narrowed at base and decurrent
on the petiole, rather firm, entire or undulate, glabrous or the costa
and veins sparingly and minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, up to
0.08 mm. long, the venation prominent beneath, less so above, the
cystoliths obscure; petioles up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous
or sparingly and minutely hirtellous; spikes solitary, terminal, dense
or, at maturity, lax toward base, up to 5 cm. long and 15 mm. broad,
the peduncles up to 2 cm. long, quadrangular, minutely and sparingly
hirtellous, the rhachis minutely hirtellous, the hairs rigid, for the most
part about 0.13 mm. long, or a few at the nodes as much as 0.32 mm.
long, mostly spreading; bracts ovate, 4 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide near
base, acute (the tip itself blunt), glabrous except the margins, these
ciliolate with rigid spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.16 mm. long;
bractlets lanceolate, 2.25 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, acute, glabrous
except the ciliolate margins, both bracts and bractlets densely covered
with thick conspicuous parallel cystoliths up to 0.13 mm. long;
calyx 7-8 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.75 mm.
wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender acute tip, obscurely

. ay

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 643

and delicately 3-nerved at base, glabrous except the margins, these
ciliolate, the cystoliths few, slender, rarely over 0.06 mm. long;
corolla about 12 mm. long, lavender, densely hirtellous, the hairs
rigid, spreading, up to 0.13 mm. long, the tube subcylindric, 2 mm.
broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, oblong-ovate, emarginate at tip,
the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes oblong-ovate, rounded at tip, ciliolate;
stamens slightly exserted but not extending beyond the corolla lips,

ees
© ee See
=

VASES

2a Bee

Ficure 239.—Justicia hodgei Leonard (Hodge 6504): a, Tip of plant; b, bract; ¢, portion
of bract enlarged to show marginal hairs and cystoliths; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx segment;
f, upper lip of corolla (immature); g, lower lip of corolla (immature); h, anther. (a,
Natural size; b, d, 744 times natural size; c, 25 times natural size; e, 5 times natural size;
f, g, 24% times natural size; h, 8 times natural size.)

the anther lobes superposed, 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the
upper lobe obliquely, the lower vertically attached to the connective
and obscurely subcaudate at base; capsules clavate, 18 mm. long,
about 3 mm. broad and 2 mm. thick, minutely hirtellous, the hairs
mostly spreading, rigid, up to 0.03 mm. long, some of them gland-
tipped.

Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected on floor of rain forest along

644 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the Rfo Carare, Department of Santander, Colombia, 300 to 400
meters altitude, September 28, 1945, by W. H. Hodge (No. 6504).
Isotype: Med.

Justicia hodgei resembles and may be related to J. sterea. The
latter species has, however, a forked spike and white corollas, these
rather sparingly pubescent with slender hairs. In JJ. hodgei the spikes
are simple and the corollas are lavender and densely clothed with
minute spreading rigid hairs. Because of the scarcity of material it
was not desirable to dissect the single immature corolla and capsule.
71. Justicia hygrobia Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaurr 240

Herba, caulibus rectis vel ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus,
glabris; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter sed aliquanto
graciliter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, firma,
undulata, glabra vel in costa et venis prominentibus puberula, cysto-
lithis conspicuis; petioli aliquanto crassi, glabri vel parce puberuli;
flores in spicis vel paniculis laxis dispositi, pedunculo subquadrangulari,
obscure strigoso, rhache hirtella, pilis retrorse curvatis; bracteae
parvae, anguste ovatae, acutae, 3-nervatae, parce hirtellae, pilis
leviter curvatis, ascendentibus; bracteolae lanceolatae, parvae, con-
duplicatae, hirtellae; calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuta, ali-
quanto tenuia, hirtella, pilis patulis (paucis glandulosis) vel ascen-
dentibus; corolla lilacina, parva, hirtella, pilis leviter et retrorse
curvatis (paucis glandulosis), tubo subeylindrico, labiis subequalibus,
labio superiore suberecto, oblongo-ovato, subcucullato, labio inferiore
patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina in labio antico
corollae declinata, filamentis glabris vel basi parce hirtellis, lobis
antherarum superpositis, suberectis, lobo inferiore calcarato; pistillum
hirtellum, stamina aequans; capsulae clavatae, pubcrulac, apice pilis
patulis deorsum retrorsis praeditac; retinacula curvata apice
plana, rotundata, erosa; ovula 4.

Herbs up to 40 cm. high or more; stems erect or ascending, sub-
quadrangular, glabrous, the lower portions 5.5 mm. in diameter or
more; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 18 cm. long and 6.8 cm. wide,
shortly but rather slenderly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at base, firm, undulate, glabrous or inconspicuously puberulous along
costa on the lower surface, the venation prominent, more so beneath
than above, the lateral veins usually 6 pairs, the cystoliths rather
prominent, up to 0.38 mm. long; petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous
or sparingly puberulous, 1.75 mm. thick; flowers borne in terminal
spikes, these often branched at or near base to form a loose panicle;
peduncles up to 3 cm. long, subquadrangular, minutely and incon-
spicuously rstigose; rachis hirtellous, the hairs retrorsely curved, up
to 0.16 mm. long, the lowermost internode of the rachis 8 mm. long,
the others successively shorter toward the tip of the inflorescence;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 645

bracts narrowly ovate, 5.5 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide near base, acute,
3-nerved, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs slightly curved, ascending,
up to 0.2 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, 5 mm. long, about 1 mm.
wide at base, conduplicate, hirtellous with minute ascending straight
or slightly curved hairs; calyx 11 mm. long, deeply segmented, the
segments 5, linear-lanceolate, 0.75 mm. wide, narrowed to a slender

Ficure 240.— Justicia hygrobia Leonard (Cuatrecasas 10848): a, Tip of plant showing leaf
and inflorescence; b, bract; ¢, portion of bract (medial dorsal) enlarged to show hairs
and cystoliths; d, bractlet; e, calyx; f, portion of calyx segment to show hairs and
cystoliths. (a, Natural size; 6, d, 4 times natural size; c, f, about 20 times natural size;
e, twice natural size.)

tip, rather thin, hirtellous, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to
0.13 mm. long, some of spreading ones gland-tipped; corollas lilac,
about 12 mm. long, hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, slightly
and retrorsely curved, some of them gland-tipped, the tube about 2
mm. broad at base, 4 mm. broad at mouth, the lips subequal, 7 mm.
long, the upper lip oblong-ovate, about 3 mm. wide, subcucullate,

646 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

enfolding the stamens, the lower lip spreading, about 3.5 mm. wide,
3-lobed, the lobes ovate, rounded; stamens reaching the tip of the
upper lip, the filaments glabrous or bearing a few hairs near base,
the anthers 2.5 mm. long, the lobes superposed one above the other,
subvertically attached to the connective, the lower lobe terminating
in a blunt white spur 0.5 mm. long; pistil equalling the stamens,
hirtellous; capsules clavate, 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, 1.5 mm.
thick, 4-seeded, puberulous, the hairs up to 0.06 mm. long, spreading
or retrorse; retinacula 1.5 mm. long, curved or bent, the tip flat,
rounded, erose.

Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, No. 1798535, collected in
wet forests along the Rio Putumayo at Puerto Ospina, Comisarfa of
Putumayo, Colombia, 230 meters altitude, November 29, 1940, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 10848).

The holotype specimen is forked at the tip, the two branches about
20 cm. long and each bearing at the tip of the single internode (about
12 cm. long) a pair of leaves and an inflorescence. This mode of
forking may or may not be normal for the species. The lobation of
the lips was not discernible in the immature corollas of the type
material. The species apparently has no close relatives and is
probably confined to the Putumayo region. The specific epithet is
from the Greek word bypé8i0s, meaning “living in wet places.”

Justicia sanctae-martae Lindau

Justicia sanclae-martae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb, Engler 21: 377. 1895. Type
collected in the vicinity of Santa Marta, Department of Magdalena, Colom-
bia, by Dr. Alfons Stuebel.

Suffrutescent, branches green-striate, the cystoliths punctiform;
leaf blades oblong, abruptly acuminate at tip, narrowed at base and
decurrent on the petiole, the costa of the upper surface puberulous,
otherwise glabrous, the cystoliths prominent; spikes dense, terminal
and axillary; bracts obovate, stipitate, those of the middle part of
the spike 1 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, glandular-pubescent; bractlets
lanceolate, glandular-pilose at tip; calyx segments equal, puberulous,
6 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; corolla tube 12 mm. long, 3 mm. broad at
base, 4 mm. broad at tip, the upper lip 10 mm. long, 3 mm. wide,
the lower 12 mm. long, the segments 5 mm. long and wide; filaments
19 mm. long, the anthers 2 mm. long, the upper lobe minutely spurred;
capsules 13 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, puberulous, the stipe 5 mm. long
and 3 mm. wide; seeds subglobose, nitid, black, 12.5 mm. in diameter.

Dr. C. E. B. Bremekamp treats this species as a synonym of
Justicia carthaginensis (Flora of Suriname 4: 241. 1938).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 647

Justicia sp.

E. P. Killip & Hernando Garcia’s No. 33571 undoubtedly represents
an undescribed species of Justicia. Their specimens were collected in
dense forest along the Quebrada Jillita, Department of Chocé, 50-100
meters altitude, February 1939. The plant from which the specimens
were taken was about 50 cm. high and bore white flowers. Collo-
quially called ‘“‘yerbabuenilla,” it was used as a remedy for snake bites.

The specimen deposited in the National Herbarium is an ascending
branched herb about 40 cm. high, the stems subquadrangular, bi-
fariously hirtellous with retrorsely curved white septate hairs up to
0.22 mm. long; the internodes of the stem are short and rather
numerous, not exceeding 2 cm. in length. The leaf blades are ovate,
up to 23 mm. long and 14 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at tip and
narrowed at base, rather firm, entire or undulate, nitid, glabrous or
the margins and the costa and lateral nerves (these moderately con-
spicuous) bearing a few rigid ascending ‘hairs about 0.2 mm. long;
petioles thick, about 1.5 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous. The speci-
men examined was definitely sterile without the faintest vestige of a
flower.

Leptostachya crinita Nees
Leptostachya crinita Nees in Benth. Voy. Sulphur 147, 1844. Type locality:
Colombia. Type collected by Sinclair.

Stems repent at base, glabrous; leaf blades oval-oblong, obtuse at
the tip, long-decurrent on the petiole at base; spikes more or less
umbellate, half as long as the leaves, forming a panicle at the tip of
the stem; rachis pilose with spreading hairs; anther cells blunt.

No specimen seen. Description compiled from the original.

The brief description suggests a close relationship with Justicia
comata.

Rhytiglossa oblonga Nees
Orthotactus oblongus Nees in Benth. Voy. Sulphur 147. 1844. Type collected in
Colombia by Sinclair.

Rhytiglossa oblonga Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 343. 1847.

Herb; stems geniculate and rooting at the lower nodes, hoary
towards tip; leaf blades oblong, the lower 7 to 8 inches long and 2
inches wide, the upper 4 to 5 inches long and 1.5 inches wide, all
gradually narrowed to a blunt tip, acute at base, glabrous, thin,
flaccid; spikes in the axils of the upper leaves and shorter than the
blades; bracts rhombic-ovate, acuminate, ciliate, veiny; corolla
2-lipped, the upper lip bifid, the lower one 3-lobed, the lobes oval,
obtuse, puberulous.

No specimens seen. Description compiled from the original.

648 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

37. PELECOSTEMON Leonard, gen. nov.

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus; laminae foliorum ali-
quanto magnae, apice acuminatae, basi cuneatae, integrae, cystolithis
parvis sed conspicuis; paniculae terminales, angustae, puberulae,
pilis acutis et pilis glandulosis intermixtis; bracteae parvae, subulatae ;
calycis segmenta 4, linearia; corolla hypocrateriformis, labiis duobus,
labio superiore apice rotundato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis ro-
tundis; stamina 2, lobo uno antherarum normali, lobo altero in ala
triangulari apice acuta incurva reducto; stigma parvum, bilobatum;
ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular; leaves rather large, acuminate,
narrowed at base, entire, the cystoliths small but conspicuous under
a lens; petioles short; spikes lax, erect, forming a narrow terminal
panicle, this minutely puberulous with a mixture of glandular and
eglandular hairs; bracts small and subulate; calyx segments 4, linear;
corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip rounded at the tip, the lower lip 3-lobed;
stamens 2, the anthers each with one fertile cell, the other reduced to
a thin triangular wing terminating in an acute curved tip; stigma
minute, bilobed.

Pelecostemon differs from Justicia in its peculiar anthers. The
name, of Greek origin and derived from ré\exus, halberd, and OTH MWY,
stamen, was suggested by a fancied resemblance of the anther to a
certain type of ancient battle-ax.

1. Pelecostemon trianae Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 241

Suffrutex, caulibus glabris vel in nodis parce pilosis; lamina foliorum
oblongo-obovata, breviter acuminata, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra,
nitida, costa et venis lateralibus et venulis crasse reticulatis subtus
prominentibus, supra plus minusve obscuris; spicae erectae, laxae,
paniculam terminalem formantes, pedunculis subquadrangularibus,
glabris, nitidis vel sursum parce puberulis, pilis glandulosis et eglandu-
losis intermixtis, rhachibus aliquanto dense puberulis, pilis glandulosis
et eglandulosis intermixtis; bracteae glabrae vel basi puberulae,
ciliatae; calycis segmenta linearia, ciliata, intus hirsuta, pilis sub-
appressis, extus puberula, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis ;
corolla (immatura) parce hirsuta; stamina inclusa (?); ovarium gla-
brum.

Suffrutescent; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly pilose;
leaf blades oblong-obovate, up to 24 em. long and 6.5 cm. wide,
short-acuminate, narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole,
moderately firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous and nitid,
the costa and lateral veins (7 or 8 pairs) prominent beneath, less so
above, the cystoliths rather loosely scattered but prominent under a

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 649

lens, averaging 0.11 mm. in length; flowers borne in loose spikes
up to about 9 cm. long, these several, erect, forming a loose panicle
about 16 cm. long, the peduncle 4 cm. long, subquadrangular, glabrous,
nitid or the upper portion minutely and sparingly puberulous with
glandular and eglandular hairs up to 0.64 mm. long, the lowermost
internodes of the panicle 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter
toward the tip of the inflorescence, the pubescence that of the peduncle

Ficure 241.—Pelecostemon trianae Leonard (Triana, Villavicencio): a, Inflorescence; b, node
showing leaf; ¢, portion of the under surface of a leaf blade enlarged to show cystoliths;
d, node of inflorescence; ¢, calyx; f, portion of calyx segment (inner surface) enlarged to
show pubescence; g, same (outer surface); h, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubes-
cence; 7, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; c, 9 times natural size; d, twice natural size;
e, 3 times natural size; f-h, about 10 times natural size; 7, 7 times natural size.)
388179—57——22

650 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

but somewhat denser; lowermost pair of bracts subulate, 7 mm. long,
0.75 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip, carinate,
glabrous or bearing a few small hairs near the tip; bracts subtending
the flowers subulate, 4 to 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. wide at base,
glabrous or puberulous near the base like the rachis, ciliate with rigid
ascending hairs about 0.8 mm. long; bractlets similar to the bracts
but smaller, 3 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide at base; calyx 11 to 12 mm.
long, the segments 4, linear, 0.75 mm. wide, ciliate, the inner surface
hirtellous with ascending or subappressed hairs up to 0.13 mm. long,
the outer surface puberulent with more or less spreading glandular
and eglandular hairs mostly less than 0.5 mm. long; corolla (im-
mature) 4 mm. long, sparingly hirsute, the upper lip 1.5 mm. long,
0.75 mm. wide, rounded at tip, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes 1.5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, rounded; stamens 3 mm. long, the fertile cell
2.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, blunt at base, the sterile cell repre-
sented by a membranous triangular wing incurved at base, the
filaments glabrous; style glabrous toward tip, hirtellous toward base;
stigma bilobed, minute; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at Villavicencio, Intendencia
of Meta, Colombia, December 1855, by J. Triana.

38. JACOBINIA Nees ex Moric.

Jacobinia Nees ex Moric. Pl. Nouv. Am. 156, Pl. 92. 1846. Origin of name
unknown. Type species Jacobinia lepida Nees ex Moric. Type locality:
Brazil.

Cyrtanthera Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 99. 1847. Derivation: xvprés, curved,
and dvOnpés, anther. The first of the species described, and the one illus-
trated, C. magnifica Nees, may be the lectotype.

Sericographis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 107. 1847. Derivation: snpixés, silken,
and ypadis, style, probably in allusion to the conspicuous cystoliths. The
first of the 12 species described, and the one illustrated, S. rigtda Nees, may
be the leetotype.

Herbs or shrubs; leaf blades usually oblong or ovate, entire, petioled;
flowers sessile or short-pedicellate in the axils of bracts, solitary,
cymose, spicate or paniculate; calyx 5-parted, the segments usually
narrow; corolla usually red or yellow, the tube usually elongate,
straight or curved, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip narrow, erect,
entire or shallowly 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anther
cells more or less unequal, muticous, the connective narrow, ovules
2 in each cell.

About 120 authentic species have been described, all from tropical
America.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 651

KEY TO THE SPECIES

Bracts large and conspicuous, orbicular or oblong, 1.5 to 2 em, long.

Flowers borne in a dense terminal thyrse up to 8 cm. broad; corollas lilac, red

or pink____.------------------------- ~------------------ 1. J. carnea

Flowers borne in terminal or axillary spikes up to 3 cm. broad; corollas pale

yellow_____------------------------------------------- 2. J. axiologa
Bracts small and inconspicuous, spathulate, or triangular, up to 5 mm. long.
Calyx segments up to 16 mm. long; flowers yellow__-_-------- 3. J. amphibola
Calyx segments up to 3 mm. long; flowers red or orange, the spicate branches
up to 7 cm. long.
Flowers borne in cymose panicles___---------------------- 4. J. spicigera
Flowers borne in axillary spikes up to 7 em. long_------------ 5. J. tinctoria
1. Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) Nicholson

Justicia carnea Lindl. in Edward’s Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1397. 1831. Type a cul-

tivated plant, originally introduced from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Cyrtanthera magnifica, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 100. 1847. Type locality:
Brazil.

Jacobinia carnea Nicholson, Illustr. Dict. Gard. 2: 206. 1885.

Jacobinia magnifica Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. IV. 3b: 351. 1895.
Based on Cyrtanthera magnifica Nees.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems subquad-
rangular, grooved (the angles rounded), glabrous or minutely puber-
ulous with curved hairs; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 25 cm. long
and 7 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt), acute to rounded at
base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, undulate or
entire, both surfaces sparingly and inconspicuously hirtellous or
puberulous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, subappressed, the venation
rather prominent, the cystoliths obscure to conspicuous; petioles up
to 5 cm. long, puberulous; thyrsi sessile or subsessile, solitary, terminal,
dense, up to 19 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, the rachis puberulous, the
lowermost thyrsulas subtended often by small leaf blades, the upper
thyrsulas by elliptic bracts 2 cm. long and 1 cm. wide (these reduced
in size towards tip of thyrse), obtuse or rounded, moderately firm,
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, sparingly ciliate, the hairs up to 0.8
mm. long; bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 2 cm. long, 1.5 cm.
wide, rounded at tip, glabrous and ciliate; bractlets lanceolate, 15
mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, narrowed to an obtuse tip, glabrous and
ciliate, the venation of both bracts and bractlets obscure; calyx 11 mm.
long, the segments lanceolate, 10 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, acute,
subhyaline, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous and ciliate near tip, the
costa and lateral nerves delicate; corolla lilac, red or pink,sparingly
glandular-puberulous (the hairs spreading, up to 0.2 mm. long), up to
6.5 cm. long, 4 mm. broad at base, abruptly narrowed to 2.5 mm. at 4
mm. above base, thence gradually expanded to 5 mm. at throat, the
upper lip erect, arched and bilobed at tip, the lobes about 1 mm. long
and 0.75 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip spreading or recurved,

652 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

3-lobed, cuneate, 8 mm. wide at base of lobes, these ovate, about 3
mm. long and 2 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely reaching the tip
of the upper corolla lip, the anther lobes slightly superposed, 3 mm.
long and 1.25 mm. broad, the filaments flattened, 0.75 mm. wide;
pistil slightly longer than the stamens, the stigma bilobed, minute
and rounded; capsules not seen.

Vernacular names: “Tango rojizo’”’ and “Isopo rojizo” (Duque
1570A).

The specimens in the U. S. National Herbarium are from Brazil,
Argentina, Colombia and Ecuador. Cultivated plants of this species
are often found in parks and gardens.

Cauca: La Hermita on the road to Puracé, vicinity of Popaydn, 1,760 to 1,820

meters altitude, July 17, 1948, Garcia-Barriga & Hawkes 12685 (US).
Ex Vau.e: Cultivated in Cali, 1,000 meters, Duque 1570A (US).

2. Jacobinia axiologa Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 242

Suffrutex, caulibus quadrangularibus, deorsum glabris, sursum
bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis, brunneis, septatis; lamina foliorum
ovato-lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, graciliter acuminata, basi
acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata vel subcordata, aliquanto firma, integra
vel leviter crenata, glabra, vel juventute pilos*paucos-ferens, subtus
aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis patentibus vel ascendentibus, pilis
praecipue in costa et, venis Jateralibus’ prominentibus positis, cysto-
lithis minutis, saepe punctiformibus; petioli crassi, brunneo-pilosi,
pilis septatis; spicae terminales et aliquando laterales solitariae, vel
2 vel 3, pedunculis et rhachibus hirtellis; bracteae infimae foliosae;
bracteae flores subtendentes orbiculares apice abrupte acuminatae,
apice ipso gracili, basi ungulatae, ungula gracili, supra glabrae, subtus
puberulae, pilis glandulosis et pilis paucis longioribus eglandulosis
intermixtis, marginibus ciliatis; bracteolae lanceolatae, subhyalinae,
glabrae vel apice pilos rigidos ferentes; calycis segmenta 4, anguste
triangularia, acuminata, glabra vel apice pilos paucos rigidos ferentes,
basi ciliolata; corolla flava, apice hirtella, pilis patulis, deorsum glabra,
tubo subcylindrico, labiis aequalibus, labio superiore oblongo, apice
2-lobato, lobis parvis, rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, 3-lobato,
lobis anguste ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris
angustis, lobis parellelis, basi obtusis; capsulae clavatae, planae,
glabrae; retinacula recta vel leviter curvata, acuta; semina suborbic-
ularia, plana, pallida, leviter rugosa, papillosa.

Suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems quadrangular,
glabrous or the upper portions bifariously pilose with spreading
hairs, sometimes densely so, the hairs 1.5 mm. long, brown, septate;
leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, up to 32 cm. long
and 11 cm. wide, acuminate, often slenderly so, gradually narrowed

ie

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 653

from about the middle to an acute, obtuse or often a narrow rounded
or subcordate base, moderately firm, entire or shallowly crenate, the
upper surface glabrous or bearing on the younger leaves a few scattered
ascending hairs 0.75 mm. long, the lower surface rather densely

Ficure 242.—Jacobinia axiologa Leonard (Haught 1986): a, Basal portion of leaf blade;
b, tip of leaf blade; c, portion of spike (middle); d, basal node of inflorescence; ¢, one of
the hairs from basal node; f, bract; g, pubescence of lower surface of bract; A, one of a
pair of bractlets; 7, a calyx segment; J, tip of corolla; k, anther. (a-d, Half natural
size; ¢, 14 times natural size; f, twice natural size; g, 41 times natural size; h, 1, 3 times
natural size; 7, 3 times natural size; k, 8 times natural size.)

hirsute, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, densest
on the costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), the venation prominent
beneath, less so above, the cystoliths minute, many of them puncti-
form; petioles rather stout, up to 7 cm. long and 3 mm. in diameter,

654 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

brown-pilose, often densely so, the hairs spreading, up to 1.5 mm. long,
septate; flowers borne in terminal and sometimes axillary spikes,
these solitary, paired or in threes and up to 20 cm. long and 3 cm.
broad, the peduncles (up to 3 em. long) and rhachis hirtellous; bracts
subtending the spikes and lowermost flowers lanceolate, leaflike,
up to 3 cm. long and 1 em. wide; typical bracts subtending the flowers
orbicular, 1.5 em. long, 1 cm. wide, abruptly and slenderly acuminate,
the slender tip about 3 mm. long, abruptly narrowed at middle to a
slender claw, the upper surface glabrous, the lower puberulous with
minute erect papular hairs and a few longer curved eglandular ones
intermixed, the margins ciliate with spreading hairs up to 1 mm.
long; bractlets lanceolate, 3.25 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base,
slenderly acuminate, subhyaline, glabrous or bearing a few curved
stiff hairs about 0.18 mm. long, sparingly ciliolate; calyx 4-parted,
5 mm. long, deeply segmented, the segments narrowly triangular,
about 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed from base to a slender
tip, thin, glabrous except at tip, here bearing a few stiff curved
ascending hairs about 0.18 mm. long, sparingly ciliolate toward base;
corolla pale yellow, 2.5 to 3 em. long, sparingly hirtellous at tip,
otherwise glabrous, the tube about 2 mm. broad at base, slightly
constricted above base, the mouth 4.5 mm. broad, the lips subequal,
7 mm. long, the upper lip suberect, oblong, about 3 mm. wide at base,
gradually narrowed to 1 mm. near tip, 2-lobed, the lobes about 0.5
mm. long and broad, rounded, the lower lip somewhat spreading,
3-lobed, narrowly ovate, about 5 mm. long, rounded at tip; stamens
reaching within about 2 mm. of the tip of the upper lip and lying in it,
glabrous, the anthers 2.5 mm. long, the lobes narrow and parallel
and rounded at base, the connective very narrow; pistil about as
long as the stamens, sparingly hirtellous; capsules 13 to 15 mm. long,
5 mm. wide and 2.5 mm. thick, 4-seeded, glabrous, the solid stipitate
portion about 6 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; retinacula straight or
slightly curved, about 2.5 mm. long, acute; seed suborbicular, 5 mm.
long and 4 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thick, whitish, faintly wrinkled,
papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1742247, collected
about 20 km. south of El Centro, in the vicinity of Barranca Bermeja,
Magdalena Valley, between the Rios Sogamoso and Carare, Depart-
ment of Santander, Colombia, 100 meters altitude, September 29,
1936, by Oscar Haught (No. 1986).

Also of this species are Haught’s No. 1672, collected at Camp
Carare IV in the vicinity of Puerto Berrio, between the Rio Carare
and Rio Magdalena, Department of Santander, 100 to 700 meters
altitude, April 25, 1935 (US), and Hodge’s No. 6511, collected in rain

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 655

forest along the Rio Carare, Department of Santander, 300 to 400
meters altitude, September 28, 1945 (GH, Med).

Jacobinia aziologa apparently has no close relative in Colombia.
It is readily recognizable by its peculiar orbicular apiculate clawed
bracts. Hodge states that the flowers of his No. 6511 were creamy
white. The specific epithet is from the Greek 4£6\oyos, meaning
remarkable or worthy of mention.

3. Jacobinia amphibola Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 243

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris; lamina foliorum
oblongo-ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi acuta,
obtusa vel rotundata, aliquanto firma, undulata vel leviter serrata,
supra glabra vel subglabra, subtus puberula, costa et venis lateralibus
prominentibus, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli aliquanto graciles,
glabri vel parce puberuli; paniculae terminales, glabrae, ramis sub-
quadrangularibus; bracteae ramos ultimos panicularum subtendentes
lineares, parvae, glabrae, apice obtusae vel rotundatae; bracteae
flores subtendentes spathulatac, obtusae, glabrae; bracteolae nullae;
calycis segmenta 5, lanceolata, acuta, graciliter nervata; corolla flava,
glabra, tubo subcylindrico, labio superiore erecto, oblongo, apice
bilobato, lobis trianguli-ovatis, obtusis, incurvatis, labio inferiore
patulo, cuneato, 3-lobato, lobis trianguli-ovatis, apice rotundatis,
erosis, lobo medio plus minusve emarginato; stamina exserta, glabra,
lobis antherarum parallelis, basi subapiculatis, connectivo angusto;
ovarium glabrum;.

Suffruticose plants up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular,
glabrous, the internodes up to 12 cm. long or more; leaf blades ob-
long-ovate, up to 13 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the
tip itself blunt), acute, obtuse or rounded at base, rather firm, undu-
late or shallowly serrate, the teeth low (0.5 mm. long) and broad, the
upper surface glabrous or nearly so, the lower surface puberulous, the
hairs (up to 0.16 mm. long) confined more or less to the veins, the
costa and lateral veins (about 6 pairs) prominent beneath, less so
above, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, cystoliths not apparent;
petioles rather slender, up to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberu-
lous; flowers borne in terminal panicles about 10 cm. long and 6 cm.
broad, the lowermost internodes of the panicle about 2 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward the tip of the inflorescence, all
glabrous and subquadrangular; bracts subtending the ultimate
branches of the inflorescence linear, about 3 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide, obtuse or rounded, glabrous, those subtending the flowers spath-
ulate, 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near tip, narrowed to 1 mm. at 1.5
mm. below tip, obtuse, glabrous; bractlets lacking; calyx 2 cm. long,
glabrous, the segments 5, lanceolate, up to 16 mm. long and 3.5 mm.

656 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

wide, acute, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender but rather
prominent; corolla yellow, glabrous, up to 4.8 em. long, the tube
subcylindric, 7 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 3 mm. at 5 mm.
above base, 6 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip suberect, oblong,
1.8 cm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, bilobed at tip, the lobes triangular-ovate,

Ficure 243.—Jacobinia amphibola Leonard (Cuatrecasas 23467): a, Leaf; b, branch of
panicle; ¢, bract; d, tip of corolla to show lips, stamens and style; ¢, anther; f, ovary.
a, b, Natural size; c, 5 times natural size; d, 114 times natural size; ¢, 4 times natural
size; f, 6 times natural size.)

3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, obtuse, incurved, the lower lip
cuneate, about 12 mm. long, 11 mm. wide at base of lobes, the lobes
triangular-ovate, 2.5 mm. long, the middle lobe 4.5 mm. wide, the
lateral ones 3.25 mm. wide, all rounded and erose at tip, the middle
one more or less emarginate; stamens exserted about 2 cm. above the
mouth of the corolla tube, glabrous, the anthers 4 mm. long, the lobes

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 657

1 mm. broad, parallel (the connective narrow), subapiculate at base;
style about as long as the stamens, glabrous; ovary glabrous, 4-
ovuled; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1950034, collected at
Aguabonita, valley of the Rio San José, in the vicinity of Moscopan,
Department of Cauca, Colombia, 2,280 meters altitude, January 30,
1947, by J. Cuatrecasas (No. 23467).

Fosberg’s No. 20115 (US), collected in a wet forest on a flat ridge-
top northwest of Quebrada la Candela, Rio Naranjo, 20 km. southwest
of San Agustin, Department of Huila, Colombia, 2,100 to 2,300 meters
altitude, February 13, 1943, is also of this species.

Cuatrecasas gives on his label the following notes: “Suffrutex 1
met. Hoja verde brillante, haz verde grisaceo envés, peciolo y
nervios violdiceos. Caliz amarillo con méargenes verdosos. Corola
amarilla. Anteras violetas.”

Fosberg’s collection was from an herb less than a meter tall with a
yellow-green calyx and yellow corolla.

This species is doubtfully placed in the family Acanthaceae. Should
it belong in the genus Jacobinia, the shallowly toothed leaves and the
lack of cystoliths and bractlets would be unique. The specific name
is from the Greek d&udiBodos, meaning ambiguous or doubtful.

4, Jacobinia spicigera (Schlecht.) L. H. Bailey
Justicia spicigera Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 395. 1832. Type locality: Jalapa,
México. Collected by G. Schiede in 1829.
Jacobinia spicigera L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1715. 1915. Based on
Justicia spicigera Schlecht.

Shrub up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, bifariously
pubescent (the hairs curved) or glabrate; leaf blades lance-oblong to
ovate, up to 17 cm. long and 7 cm. wide, acute to acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), narrowed or rounded at the base and decurrent on the
petiole, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs curved, up to 0.5
mm. long; petioles up to 2 cm. long, glabrous or the channels hirtel-
lous; flowers secund on the branches of axillary or terminal cymose
panicles usually up to 7 cm. long, the branches of the inflorescence
glabrous or bifariously hirtellous, the peduncles usually up to 2 cm.
long; bracts and bractlets triangular, about 1.5 mm. long, acute;
calyx segments lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long, acute, glabrous; corollas
glabrous, red or orange, 3 to 4.5 em. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at
base, slightly narrowed above base, thence gradually enlarged to 5
mm. at mouth, the lips about 1.5 mm. long, the upper lip narrowly
ovate, erect, acute, the lower lip erect or somewhat spreading, 3-
lobed, the lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, rounded; stamens barely reaching
the tip of the upper lip of the corolla, the lobes slightly superposed,
nearly parallel, about 2 mm. long; mature capsules not seen.

658 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

The Lehmann notes relating to the cited specimens are as follows:

“Up to 2 m. high, soft-wooded shrub with squarrose irregular rami-
fication. Leaves yellow-green. Flowers scarlet. Grows in dense,
luxuriant forests around Dabeiba, western slopes of the West Andes
of Antioquia, 300-500 m.”

The species is common in México and Central America and has
been found in Trinidad, where it is probably only in cultivation.

Antioquia: Dabeiba, Lehmann 4740 (K).

5. Jacobinia tinctoria (Oerst.) Hemsl.
Sericographis tinctoria Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn. Vid. Medd. 1854: 150.
1854. Type locality: Woods in the vicinity of Cartago, Costa Rica.
Jacobinia tinctoria Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882. Based on
Sericographis tinctoria Oerst.

Glabrous shrubs or suffrutescent plants up to 2 meters high; stems
subquadrangular, the angles rounded; leaf blades lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, up to 10.5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the
tip itself blunt), narrowed at base, firm, entire, glabrous, the cystoliths
minute and obscure; petioles up to 1 cm. long, glabrous; flowers
secund, born in lax axillary spikes up to 7 cm. long, the peduncles
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; the rachis quadrangular, glabrous, its
internodes for the most part about 5 mm. long; bracts and bractlets
triangular-subulate, up to 2 mm. long, and 0.75 mm. wide near base,
glabrous; calyx segments triangular-subulate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long
and about 1 mm. wide near base, ciliate, the hairs spreading, up to
about 0.2 mm. long; corollas 3 to 3.5 cm. long, red, glabrous, nitid,
the tube rather slender, 2 mm. wide near base, reduced to 1.5 mm. at
3 mm. above base, thence gradually enlarged to 5 mm. at throat, the
lips subequal, the posterior lip ovate, 12 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide
at base, subobtuse at tip, the lower lip oblong, erect or somewhat
spreading, 5 mm. wide near tip, 3-lobed, the lobes about 1 mm. long
and 1.25 mm. wide, rounded; stamens barely reaching the tip of the
lips, the anther lobes slightly superposed and obliquely attached to
the connective, 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. broad, the filaments
flattened, glabrous; capsules not seen.

Vernacular names: Azul (Idrobo & Ferndndez 243; Lehmann B. T.
428, B. T. 438, 7851) and panciga (Duque 1701)

Jacobinia tinctoria is a cultivated plant in Colombia often planted
in parks, gardens, or patios. The leaves and young branches
macerated in water yield a deep blue dye which in a diluted solution
can be used as a substitute for indigo for washing white clothes.
The species occurs more frequently in Central America, where it may
have originated.

According to Lehmann’s notes, his No. 7851 was taken from “Densely
bushy and erect shrubs 2 m. in height. Leaves seagreen. Flowers

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 659

dark vermilion, yellow at base.” The plants from which his No.
B. T. 428 was taken were propagating by slender underground rooting
branches.

Cauca: El Tambo, Corregimiento de Lépez, 1,750 meters altitude, August 23,
1949, Idrobo & Fernandez 243 (US).

Ev Vaute: Cali, 1,000 meters altitude, June 15, 1938, Duque 1701 (U8).
Popaydn (cultivated), Lehmann B. T. 428 (K, NY), B. T. 488 (K, NY), 7851
(K). Toro, 970 meters altitude, October 7, 1943, Cuatrecasas 15275 (GH, US).

DOUBTFUL SPECIES

Jacobinia lindaviana Rusby
Jacobinia lindaviana Rusby, Deser. So. Am. Pl. 128. 1920.

The type has not been available for study. Following is the orig-
inal description:

“A glabrous shrub, the branchlets short, stout and leafy. Petioles 3 mm.
long, slender; blades 15-30 mm. long, 10-20 mm. wide, ovate, rounded at the
base, obtuse at summit, dark-green, thickish, the veins dark, strongly ascending.
Flowers few, in the upper axils, subsessile, 2-bracteolate at the base of the calyx,
the bracts minute, subulate. Calyx 10 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
acutish. Corolla-tube 15 mm. long, nearly straight, dilating very near the
summit, the lobes partially destroyed by insects in my specimen. The short
stamens equalling the corolla tube, the longer ones exserted, the lower anther
cell with about two-thirds of its length below the base of the upper, which is
short mucronate. Style not equalling the longer stamens, stout, sharply declined,
above.

“Species dedicated to Dr. Lindau who has kindly confirmed my determination.

“Collected at Playa Brava on the northern coast of Colombia, on a dry, rocky
hillside on June 6, 1899, by Herbert H. Smith, who reports it as a foot high, and
having crimson Flowers. (No. 2821).”

39. CHAETOCHLAMYS Lindau

Chaetochlamys Lindau in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 490. 1895. From the Greek
xairn, hair, and xAauis, bract. The name was probably suggested by the
rather conspicuous filiform bracts and bractlets. The genus is based on
3 species, C. macrosiphon (Kuntze s. n., Bolivia), C. marginata (Kuntze s. n.,
Paraguay), and C. rusbyi (Kuntze s. n., Bolivia). The first of these can be
considered as the type species.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants; leaf blades ovate to lanceolate;
flowers borne in short spikes, these crowded in a terminal congested
head; bracts and bractlets narrow; calyx segments 5, narrow; corolla
hypocrateriform, the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower
lip 3-lobed; stamens 2, exserted, the anther lobes affixed at different
heights, the lower lobe spurred; stigma capitate; capsules clavate,
4-seeded.

Some 14 species have been described in this genus, all from tropical
America.

660 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1, Chaetochlamys columbiensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 244

Suffrutex, caulibus subteretibus, sursum bifariam retrorse puberulis,
pilis curvatis, deorsum lignosis, glabris, cortice cinereo; lamina foliorum
ovata, apice obtusa vel subacuta, basi acuta vel obtusa, aliquanto
firma, integra vel undulata, supra glabra vel in costa strigosa vel
hirsuta, pilis appressis vel curvatis et ascendentibus, cystolithis
pluribus et conspicuis, subtus glabra vel in costa et venis parce hirtella,
cystolithis pluribus densis et conspicuis; petioli breves, glabri vel in
canale parce puberuli; capitula terminalia, foliis ovatis suffulta;
bracteae lanceolatae, virides et foliaceae, acutae, venosae, glabrae vel
intus basi puberulae, marginibus ciliatis, pilis ascendentibus;
bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, apice graciles (apice ipso obtuso),
glabrae vel intus basi puberulae, marginibus ciliatus; calycis segmenta
lanceolata, acuminata, apice curvata, costa prominente, marginibus
ciliatis, pilis conspicuis, albis, patulis vel ascendentibus; corollae pur-
purea, hirtella vel basi extus glabra, pilis patulis, tubo subcylindrico,
labio superiore erecto, anguste ovato, apice bilobato, lobis oblongis,
rotundatis, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato, lobis ovatis,
rotundatis; stamina exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, obliquis,
lobo inferiore calcarato; capsulae ovoideae, abrupte acutac, glabrae;
retinacula fere recta, apice tenuia, erosa; semina subsphacrica, sub-
brunnea, glabra.

Suffrutescent herbs up to 50 cm. high; stems simple or moderately
branched, subterete, bifariously puberulous, the hairs retrorsely
curved, up to about 0.16 mm. long, the internodes 2 to 5 cm. long,
the lower woody portions of the stems glabrous, the bark gray; leaf
blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide, obtuse to subacute at
tip, acute to obtuse at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the
upper surface glabrous or the costa strigose or hirsute, the hairs about
0.16 mm. long, appressed or curved and ascending, the cystoliths
numerous and conspicuous, up to 0.1 cm. long, the lower surface
glabrous or the costa bearing a few scattered hairs, the cystoliths
conspicuous, crowded and numerous; petioles up to 4 mm. long,
glabrous or the channels sparingly puberulous; flowers borne in green
terminal sessile heads about 2 cm. long and 2 to 3 em. broad, these
subtended by a pair of ovate leaves up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide;
bracts lanceolate, green and leaflike, up to 1.8 em. long and 3.5 mm.
wide, acute, veiny, the surfaces glabrous except the puberulous lower
inner surface, the margins ciliate, the hairs ascending, up to 1 mm.
long; bractlets narrowly lanceolate, up to 15 mm. long and 1.75 mm.
wide near base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip (the tip itself
blunt), glabrous except a small puberulous area at base of inner
surface and the ciliate margins; calyx segments lanceolate, up to
12.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide near base, acuminate, the tip curved,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 661

the costa prominent, bearing dorsally a few ascending hairs up to 1 mm.
long, the margins ciliate, the hairs white, spreading or ascending, up
to 1.5 mm. long; corollas purplish-red, rather copiously hirtellous
except the glabrous basal portion, the hairs spreading, up to 0.16 mm.
long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, enlarged to 4 mm. immediately
above base, thence gradually narrowed to 3 mm. at mouth, the upper
lip erect, narrowly ovate, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide at base, narrowed to
a slender bilobed tip, the lobes oblong, 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide,
rounded, the lower lip more or less spreading, about 10 mm. long,
3-lobed, the lobes ovate, about 7 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide, rounded;
stamens exserted about 4 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, the

Ficure 244.—Chaetochlamys columbiensis Leonard (Haught 2414): a, Tip of plant to show
inflorescence and leaves; b, portion of leaf blade (medial area and lower surface) to show
cystoliths; ¢, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, a calyx segment; f, corolla; g, anther; 4, a capsule
valve (dorsal surface); i, retinaculum. (a, Natural size; b-e, twice natural size; f, 1%
natural size; g, 7 times natural size; h, 145 times natural size; i, 4 times natural size.)

anther lobes superposed and obliquely attached to the connective,
about 2 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, the lower lobe bluntly spurred,
the spur 0.26 mm. long and broad; capsules ovoid, 14 mm. long, 6
mm. wide, 3 to 4 mm. thick, abruptly acute, glabrous, 4-seeded;
retinacula nearly straight, 2.25 mm. long, the tip 1 mm. wide, thin,
erose; seeds subspherical, light brown, glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1707050, collected near
Guataquicito, Department of Tolima, Colombia, 500 meters altitude,
November 3, 1938, by Oscar Haught (No. 2414).

Pérez Arbeldez’s No. 3105 (US), collected at Purificaci6én, Depart-
ment of Tolima, July 3, 1934, and Killip, Dugand and Jaramillo’s

662 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

No. 38289 (US), collected at the Hacienda El Cucharo between
Tocaima and Pubenza, Department of Cundinamarca, 350 meters
altitude, May 7, 1944, are also of this species.

Chaetochlamys columbiensis has the general appearance of C. ctliata
Lindau from the State of Pard, Brazil, but that species has larger
flowers (the tube 25 mm. long instead of 18 to 20 mm. and its upper
lip entire instead of bilobed) and larger leaf blades (10 to 12 cm. long
and 4 cm. wide).

40. CHAETOTHYLAX Nees

Chaetothylax Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 9: 153, pl. 26. 1847. Type species C.
tocantinus Nees. Type collected on the Rio Tocantins, Province of Goyaz,
Brazil, by Pohl. Derivation of epithet: xairn, hair, and @ddat, sack, in
allusion to the vestigial lower anther lobe. In plate 26 this is pictured as a
short hair, although in most species the lower lobe is shaped much like the
upper but much smaller and evidently sterile.

Herbs; leaf blades ovate to oblong; flowers more or less secund,
borne in short dense terminal and axillary spikes, these often forming
panicles; bracts narrow, ending in filiform tips, hirtellous and ciliate;
calyx segments 4, resembling the bracts; corollas white or some shade
of purple, finely pubescent, the tube narrow, the lips subequal, the
upper lip narrowly ovate, the lower deeply 3-lobed, the lobes rounded;
stamens, slightly exserted but not exceeding the corolla lips, the
upper anther lobe oblong, 1-celled, the lower lobe reduced or vestigial,
or, 2s in the type species, hairlike, the lobes separated by a slender
filiform connective; capsule clavate, 4-seeded; seed papillose or
otherwise roughened.

About a dozen species are now recognized, these all confined to

tropical America.
KEY TO THE SPECIES

Spikes relatively narrow, up to 5 mm. broad____-_-__-__-------- 1. C. umorosus
Spikes 8 mm. or more broad.
Corollas white__-____-_--------------------------------- 2. C. leucanthus

Corollas violet or magenta.
Leaf blades up to 12 cm. long; corollas magenta, up to 2.8 em.
long_--------------------------------------------- 3. C. haughtii
Leaf blades up to 6 em. long; corollas violet, up to 1.4 em. long.
4. C. huilensis

1. Chaetothylax umbrosus Nees

Chaelothylax umbrosus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 313. 1847. Two syntypes are
cited: Nova Granada [Colombia], Goudot, and St. Xaver [Argentina],
Tweedie 1262.

Herbs up to 80 cm. high; stems branched, subquadrangular,
bifariously pilose, the hairs variously curved, ca. 0.5 mm. long, the
cystoliths numerous, conspicuous, parallel, in some plants arranged
in striae; leaf blades ovate to oblong, up to 9 cm. long and 3.5 em.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 663

wide, subacute and aristate at tip, the seta about 1 mm. long, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire, hirsute,
the upper surface usually sparingly so, the hairs of the lower surface
often rather dense and evenly distributed, straight or slightly curved,
spreading or ascending, up to 1 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous
and prominent; flowers borne in numerous terminal and axillary
spikes, these frequently forming large panicles, the spikes oblong,
usually up to 1.5 cm. long, although at times as much as 3 cm. long,
mostly 3 to 5 mm. broad (the flowers secund), sessile or short-pedun-
culate (1 mm.), the rachis puberulous; bracts lanceolate, 3.5 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, ciliate, the hairs ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long,
the flat surfaces glabrous, the costa prominent; calyx segments linear,
7 mm. long, 0.75 mm wide, narrowed to a slender tip, ciliate, the hairs
up to 0.25 mm. long, the dorsal surface hirtellous with straight gland-
tipped hairs ca. 0.06 mm. long; corollas violet to white, about 1.5 cm.
long, finely pubescent except at base, the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long,
mostly retrorsely curved, the tube 1.25 mm. broad at base, narrowed
just above ovary to 1 mm., the throat 1.5 mm. broad, the upper lip
erect, narrowly ovate, 4.5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide at base, obtuse or
rounded at lip, the lower lip 4 mm. long, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes
obovate, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens exserted 2 mm. beyond
the mouth of the corolla tube, the upper lobe 0.75 mm. long and 0.25
mm. thick, the lower lobe affixed about 0.5 mm. below the upper,
vestigial; capsule clavate, 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad and thick,
minutely and rather sparingly puberulous; retinacula truncate or
irregular at tip; mature seed not seen.

No Colombian specimens examined. The description is based on
material from Argentina.

2. Chaetothylax leucanthus Leonard, sp. nov. FIGuRE 245

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, plus minusve ramosis,
hirtellis, pilis albidis, plus minusve retrorse curvatis; lamina foliorum
oblonga vel elliptica, apice acuta et cuspidata, basi cuneata et in
petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra, hirtella, cystolithis
obscuris; petioli hirtelli; paniculae terminales et axillares, densae, ex
spicis densis floribus secundis compositae; bracteae lineari-subulatae,
apice aristatae, ciliatae et aliquanto hirtellae, pilis leviter curvatis,
ascendentibus; calycis segmenta lineari-subulata, ciliata et parce
hirtella; corolla alba, tenuiter pubescens, basi glabra excepta, pilis
retrorse curvatis, tubo anguste cylindrico, labiis subaequalibus, labio
superiore anguste ovato, apice emarginato, labio inferiore trilobato,
lobis obovatis, obtusis; stamina vix exserta, glabra, lobis antherarum
superpositis, lobo superiore fertili, lobo inferiore sterili, parvo; capsulae

664 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

clavatae, minute pubescentes, pilis retrorse ascendentibus; semina
(immatura) papillosa.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high, erect or ascending; stems more or less
branched, subquadrangular, up to 1.75 mm. thick, hirtellous, the
hairs fine, more or less retrorsely curved, whitish, up to 0.38 mm.
long; leaf blades ovate, oblong or elliptic, up to 5 em. long and 2 em.
wide, acute and cuspidate at tip, the cusp up to 1 mm. long, narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire, both
surfaces moderately and evenly hirtellous, the hairs on the costa and
lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) up to 0.67 mm. long, straight or slightly
curved, spreading or ascending, the cystoliths obscure; petioles up to

Figure 245.—Chaetothylax leucanthus Leonard (Pennell 3985): a, Tip of plant to show
leaves and inflorescence; b, bract; ¢, calyx; d, portion of calyx segment from near the
middle enlarged to show pubescence; e, corolla; f, anther. (a, Natural size; b, 444
times natural size; c, 3 times natural size; d, 12 times natural size; ¢, 3 times natural
size; f, 13 times natural size.)

0.5 cm. long, hirtellous, the hairs ca.0.38 mm. long, curved ; flowers borne
in terminal and axillary panicles of dense straight or slightly curved,
more or less 1-sided spikes, these up to 2 cm. long and 8 mm. broad,
the lowermost internodes about 1.5 mm. long, hirtellous, the others
successively shorter toward tip of spike, the panicles subtended by
small leaves, the bracts linear-subulate, 7 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide,
gradually narrowed to a whitish aristate tip 1 mm. long, ciliate and
rather sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.67 mm. long, slightly
curved and ascending; calyx segments 1 cm. long, in other respects
similar to the bracts; corolla 13 mm. long, finely pubescent except at
base, the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.28 mm. long, the tube nar-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 665

rowly cylindric, 0.75 mm. broad, the throat 1 mm. broad, the upper
lip narrowly ovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at base, emarginate at
tip, the lower lip 3-parted nearly to base, the lobes obovate, about 3
mm. long, the middle lobe 2 mm. wide, the lateral lobes 1.5 mm. wide,
all obtuse; stamens glabrous, exserted 2.5 mm. beyond the mouth of
the corolla, the upper anther lobe 0.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, the
lower anther lobe affixed 0.5 mm. below the upper, sterile and reduced;
capsule clavate, 5 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad and 1 mm. thick,
minutely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.08 mm. long, retrorsely ascend-
ing; seed (immature) papillose.

Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected
at edge of thicket in Buenavista, east of Sincé, Department of Bolivar,
Colombia, 100 to 200 meters altitude, January 24, 1918, by Francis W.
Pennell (No. 3985). Isotype in the Gray Herbarium.

Pennell’s No. 4236 (NY), collected in a forest at Boca Verde, on
the Rio Sint, Department of Bolivar, Colombia, 100 to 300 meters
altitude, February 13-14, 1918, is also of this species.

The specific epithet is from the Greek evxds, white, and &v6os,
flower.

3. Chaetothylax haughtii Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 246

Herba gracilis, caulibus bifariam pilosis, pilis patulis vel retrorse
curvatis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice acuta vel subacuminata,
interdum curvata, basi cuneata et in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
firma, integra, supra glabra vel subglabra, costa parce hirtella,
cystolithis pluribus, subtus aequaliter hirtella, pilis patulis vel as-
cendentibus, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus; petioli hirtelli;
spicae terminales et axillares, leviter curvatae, densae, floribus se-
cundis, pedunculis brevibus, hirtellis, pilis curvatis; bracteae lineari-
lanceolatae, hirtellae, costa prominente; calycis segmenta lanceolato-
subulata, aliquanto et parce hirtella, costa prominente; corolla
purpureo-rubra, parce hirtella, tubo anguste cylindrico, labiis sub-
aequalibus, labio superiore suberecto, anguste ovato, apice minute
bilobato, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato, lobis obovatis, obtusis;
stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum superpositis, lobo superiore
fertili, lobo inferiore sterili, parvo; ovarium glabrum.

Slender herbs up to 1 meter high; stems subquadrangular, pilose,
the hairs spreading or retrorsely curved, up to 0.68 mm. long, more
or less bifariously arranged; leaf blades oblong, up to 12 cm. long
and 3.5 cm. wide, acute or subacuminate and sometimes curved at tip,
cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire,
the upper surface glabrous or nearly so, except the costa, this sparingly
hirtellous, the cystoliths numerous, the lower surface evenly hir-
tellous, the hairs straight or slightly curved, spreading or ascending,
up to 0.28 mm. long except those of the costa and lateral veins (6

388179—57——23

666 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

or 7 pairs), these up to 0.96 mm. long, the venation of the lower
surface prominent, that of the upper obscure, the margins ciliolate;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 2 ecm. long, hirtellous; flowers
secund, borne in dense slightly curved terminal and axillary spikes
up to 2 cm. long and about 8 mm. broad; peduncles up to 5 mm.
long, hirtellous with curved hairs, the lowermost pair of bracts
leaflike, oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, acute,
hirtellous, the succeeding bracts linear-lanceolate, up to 6 mm. long

Figure 246.—Chaetothylax haughtii Leonard (Haught 3775): a, Node showing leaf and
spike; b, bract; ¢, calyx; d, corolla; ¢, posterior lip of corolla; f, middle lobe and one
of the lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla; g, anther. (a, Natural size; b, 4 times
natural size; ¢, 344 times natural size; d, 144 times natural size; ¢, f, 5 times natural size;
g, 12 times natural size.)

and 0.5 mm. wide, hirtellous, the costa prominent; calyx segments
narrowly lance-subulate, up to 1 cm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, mod-
erately to sparingly hirtellous, some of the hairs minute and gland-
tipped, the costa prominent, this and the basal portion and marginal
area of the segments whitish; corolla magenta, 28 mm. long, rather
sparingly hirtellous, glabrous at base, the hairs more or less spreading,
up to 0.18 mm. long, the tube narrowly cylindric, 1 mm. broad,
enlarged at base and mouth to 1.5 mm., the lips about 4 mm. long,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 667

the upper one suberect, narrowly ovate, minutely bilobed at tip,
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed nearly to base, the lobes obovate, 3.5
mm. long, the middle one 3 mm. wide above middle, the lateral ones
2 mm. wide, all obtuse; stamens barely exserted, glabrous, the anthers
2-lobed, the lobes 1-celled, superposed, the upper lobe fertile, 0.75 mm.
long and 0.25 mm. broad, the lower lobe affixed about 0.25 mm. below
the upper, vestigal and sterile, about 0.25 mm. long; style about as long
as the stamens; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1709430, collected on
trail from Codazzi to Sierra, Department of Magdalena, Colombia,
500 meters altitude, October 23, 1943, by Oscar Haught (No. 3775).

4, Chaetothylax huilensis Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 247

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, plus minusve ramosis, erectis
vel ascendentibus, bifariam hirsutis, pilis rectis et patulis vel retrorse
curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata, apice obtusa vel acuta et aristata,
basi cuneata, aliquanto firma, integra, supra parce hirtella, pilis
ascendentibus, subtus aequaliter hirtella, pilis rectis et patulis vel
curvatis et ascendentibus, cystolithis pluribus sed obscuris; petioli
hirtelli; paniculae terminales et axillares, densae, foliatae, ex spicis
parvis densis formatae; bracteae lineares, ciliatae, hirsutae, pilis
albis, plus minusve patulis, costis prominentibus; calycis segmenta
linearia, apice filiformia, conspicue ciliata et pilosa, pilis fere patulis
et rectis, costa obscura; corolla violacea, tubo subcylindrico, basi
elabro, sursum aliquanto dense hirtello, pilis rectis et patulis vel
retrorse curvato, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore anguste ovato,
apice minute bilobato, labio inferiore plus minusve patulo, 3-lobato,
lobis obovatis, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta, lobis antherarum
superpositis, lobo superiore fertili, lobo inferiore sterili, parvo;
capsulae clavatae, minute et parce pubescentes, pilis retrorse curvatis;
semina papillosa.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high or more; stems more or less branched,
subquadrangular, erect or ascending, hirsute, the hairs straight and
spreading or retrorsely curved, up to 1 mm. long, more or less arranged
in 2 rows; leaf blades ovate, up to 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, obtuse
to acute and often aristate (the awn up to 3 mm. long), cuneate at
base, rather firm, entire, the upper surface sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs ascending, 0.67 mm. long, the lower surface more densely and
evenly hirtellous, the hairs on costa and veins (5 or 6 pairs) mostly
straight and spreading, up to 0.67 mm. long, the others curved and
ascending and usually less than 0.5 mm. long, the cystoliths rather
numerous but obscure; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 1 cm. long,
hirtellous; flowers borne in dense terminal and axillary subsessile
panicles up to 2.5 cm. long and broad, these composed of dense spikes
1.5 cm. long and 8 to 10 mm. broad and intermixed with small leaves,

668 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the lowermost internodes of the spikes 1 mm. long, the others succes-
sively shorter, sparingly hirtellous; bracts linear, up to 12 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. wide, ciliate and hirsute, the hairs white, straight, mostly
spreading, up to 0.75 mm. long, the costa prominent; calyx segments
narrowly linear, up to 11 mm. long and 0.5 mm. wide, gradually nar-
rowed into a filiform tip, conspicuously ciliate and pilose, the hairs
white, mostly straight and spreading, up to 1 cm. long, the costa ob-
scure, apparent only toward base; corollas violet, 1.5 cm. long, the
tube subcylindric, 1 mm. broad at base, enlarged to 1.5 mm. just above
the ovary, thence narrowed to 0.75 mm., 1.5 mm. wide at throat,

Ficure 247.—Chaetothylax huilensis Leonard (a, b, S. Galen Smith 1164; c-f, Rusby &9 Pennell
486): a, Stem node and leaf; b, tip of plant showing inflorescence; c, bract; d, calyx;
¢, corolla; f, anther. (a, b, Natural size; c, d, 3 times natural size; ¢, twice natural size;
f, 8 times natural size.)

glabrous at base, otherwise rather densely hirtellous with white straight
spreading or retrorsely curved hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, the upper
lip narrowly ovate, about 3.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base, the
tip minutely bilobed, the lower lip 3.5 mm. long, 3-lobed nearly to base,
the lobes obovate, the middle one 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral ones
slightly narrower, all rounded; stamens exserted 1 mm. beyond the
mouth of the corolla, glabrous, the upper anther lobe 0.75 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. broad, the lower lobe affixed 0.75 mm. below the upper,
about 0.5 mm. long, sterile, the connective between the 2 lobes slender:
capsules clavate, whitish, 7 mm. long, about 2 mm. broad and 1.25

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 669

mm. thick, minutely and sparingly pubescent, the hairs up to 0.08
mm. long and retrorsely recurved, the retinacula 1.5 mm. long, the
tips up to 0.25 mm. broad and suberose, the seed flattened, about 2
mm. in diameter, papillose.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1041358, collected in a
quebrada thicket in the Cordillera Oriental, east of Neiva, Colombia,
700 to 1,500 meters altitude, July 31, 1917, by H. H. Rusby and
Francis W. Pennell (No. 486). Isotypes: GH, NY.

S. Galen Smith’s No. 1164 (US), collected on a dissected plateau at
Cabrera Lajas, about 11 km. east of Villavieja, on the road to Baraya,
Department of Huila, 460 meters altitude, July 7, 1950, is also of this
species.

SUPPLEMENT

The specimens cited or described in this supplement were received
after the publication of Parts I and II.

The page number in parentheses after the species heading indicates
where the entry would occur in Parts I or IT.

PART I
1. STAUROGYNE Wall.

2. Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 7.) FIGuRE 248

Herba gracilis, caulibus decumbentibus, subteretibus, pilosis, pilis
debilibus, albis, appressis vel subappressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica, apice obtusa, basi cuncata, firma, integra, puberula et
pilosa, pilis minutis, acutis, rigidis, ascendentibus et pilis alteris longis,
albis, gracilibus, ascendentibus; petioli breves, pilosi; spicae terminales
et laterales, graciles, apice interdum curvatae, rhache pilosa; bracteae
oblongae, foliis similes sed minores; bracteolae oblongo-lineares, ob-
tusae, pilosae, ciliatae; pedicelli breves, pilosi; calycis segmenta an-
guste lanceolata, acuminata, segmentum posterius quam 4 anteriora
angustius, dense pilosa, pilis gracilibus, albis, ascendentibus; corolla
alba, puberula, basi glabra, labio superiore brevi, erecto, bilabiato,
lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore patulo, trilobato, lobis rotundatis,
plus minusve emarginatis; stamina inclusa; capsulae parvae, oblongae,
glabrae vel apice parce pubcrulae; semina minuta, brunnea, globosa,
verrucosa.

Delicate herbs up to 13 cm. high; stems decumbent, producing erect
branches from the nodes, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, subterete,
reddish brown, pilose, the hairs white, appressed to subappressed, up
to 0.6 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 25 mm. long and 4
mm. wide, obtuse at tip and cuneate at base, firm, entire, both sur-
faces puberulous and pilose, the minute hairs rigid, acute, up to 0.03
mm. long, the long hairs weak, white, up to 2 mm. long, both long and
short hairs ascending, the mature blades becoming more or less gla-
brate at maturity, the lower surface more densely pilose than the
upper; petioles up to 2 mm. long, pilose; spikes both terminal and
lateral, up to 4 cm. long and 5 to 10 mm. broad, the rachis pilose, the
hairs similar to those of the stem; bracts at tip of spike about 5 mm.
long and 1 mm. wide, becoming, toward base, larger and intergrading

671

672 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

into the stem leaves; bractlets oblong-linear, 2.5 mm. long and 0.5
mm. wide, obtuse and ciliate; pedicels 0.5 mm. long, pilose; calyx 5
mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate, acuminate (tip itself
blunt), the posterior segment 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, the anterior seg-
ments 4, about 0.25 mm. wide, all densely white-pilose, the hairs
similar to those of the stem; corolla white, puberulous above, glabrous
at base, 5 to 6 mm. long, the tube 2.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. in diam-

Ficure 248,—Staurogyne leptocaulis Leonard (Sprague 27): a, Branch; b, node of stem
enlarged to show leaf in detail; c, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) enlarged to
show pubescence; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, lower lip of corolla; g, upper lip of same.
(a, Natural size; b, twice natural size; c, 10 times natural size; d, 8 times natural size;
é, 5 times natural size; f, g, 444 times natural size.)

eter at base and 1.25 mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 1 mm. long,
bilobed, the lobes rounded, the lower lip 2.5 mm. long, 3-lobed, the
middle lobe obovate, 2 mm. long, 1.4 mm. wide, rounded and shallowly
emarginate, the lateral lobes oblong, 1.25 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide, rounded; stamens included, the shorter pair reaching about the
middle of the corolla tube, the longer pair reaching the mouth of the
corolla; style about 2 mm. long, glabrous, the stigma bilobed, the lobes
minute; capsules 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide and 0.5 mm. thick,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 673

glabrous below, puberulous at tip; seed spherical, brown, about 0.25
mm. in diameter, verrucose.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected on llano at edge of woods at
Cabuyaro, on the Rio Meta, Meta, Colombia, January 7, 1899, by
T. A. Sprague (No. 27). Isotype: K.

Staurogyne leptocaulis is readily distinguishable from S. lepida-
gathoides Leonard (described from the Department of Bolivar) by
its slenderer spikes and narrower leaf blades. In S. lepidagathoides
the latter are as much as 7.5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. The specific
name is from the Greek demrés, slender, and xavdés, stem.

2. ELYTRARIA Michx.

1. Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. (Page 7.)

AttAntico: Thin dry woods in the vicinity of Puerto Colombia, Barkley &
Gutiérrez 1836 (US). Thin shrubby woods south of Barranquilla, Torreyroza,
Araque-M. & Barkley 18At.521 (US).

Botfvar: Southwest of Monterfa, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bol.83 (US).

MaaepaLena: Open forests of Cerrején, Haught 6711 (US). Wet sandy soil on
the bank of the Rio Manzanares near Santa Marta, Giacometto 1049 (US).

4. MENDONCIA Vell.

1. Mendoncia aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees. (Page 14.)

Vaupgs: Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between Rfo Pacoa and Rfo Kananarf,
Schulies & Cabrera 13710 (US).

3. Mendoncia lindavii Rusby. (Page 15.)

Antioquia: Road between El Socorro and Mulato, east of Argelia, Core 825
(US). Rio Samand, near the road to Sonsén, Uribe-Uribe 2151 (US). Wet
woods of the Fuentes Termales de Santo Domingo, Scolnik, Araque-M. &
Barkley 19An.478 (US).

Meta: Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la Macarena, Philipson, Idrobo & Ferndndez
1496 (BM, US).
3a. Mendoncia lasiophyta Leonard. (Page 16.)

Mendoncia lastophyta, Leonard, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 92, pl. xv.
1953. Type collected in the vicinity of Leticia, on the Rfo Amazonas,
Comisarfa de Amazonas, Colombia, November 1948, by Richard Evans
Schultes & Francisco Lépez, No. 10400K (US, 1989479). Isotype: US
1989478.

Mendoncia lasiophyta is a rampant liana, clambering over grasses
and low shrubs. The leaf blades are large, orbicular or suborbicular,
and firm, but somewhat papery, and the lanceolate bracts, up to 4 cm.
long are, like the stout peduncles, clothed with a dense yellowish
brown tomentum. The corollas, exserted for about half their length
beyond the bracts, are red. The specific epithet, derived from dasios,

674 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

shaggy, and ¢u7dév, plant, alludes to the densely fulvous-tomentose
inflorescence, leaves, and stems. Its closest relative is M. gigas
Lindau, of Peru.

4. Mendoncia pedunculata Leonard. (Page 16.)

Vaupks: Cafio Churruco, highland above the Rfo Apaporis in the vicinity of
Soratama (above mouth of Rio Kananarf), about ‘900 feet” altitude, January 31,
1952, Schultes & Cabrera 15113 (US).

9. Mendoncia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) Nees. (Page 21.)

Vicuapa: Amanavén, November 22, 1948, Romero 1225 (US). Dense woods
along the Rio Guaviare in the regién de Amanabel, 250 meters altitude,
November 23, 1948, Araque-M & Barkley 18 Vi. 128 (US).
9a, Mendoncia trichota Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 21.) Figure 248a

Suffrutex volubilis, caulibus sulcatis, subteretibus, pilosis et
puberulis, pilis longis patulis brunneis et parvis albidis intermixtis;

Figure 248a.—Mendoncia trichota Leonard (Koie 5043): a, Lower portion of leaf; b, upper
portion of leaf; ¢, portion of stem; d, bract. (a, b, Half natural size; c, d, natural size.)

lamina foliorum grandis, ovata, apice acuminata, basi cordata, tenuis,
integra, ciliata, utrinque pilosa, pilis ascendentibus, longis, brunneis,
e basi stellata orientibus, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus,
venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli pilosi; flores axillares, fasciculati;

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 675

pedicelli pilosi; bracteae ellipticae, utrinque obtusae vel rotundatae,
apice mucronulatae, recurvatae, extus dense brunneo-pilosae, intus
puberulae; drupa ellipsoidalis, leviter compressa, puberula.

Large vines; stems grooved, subterete, 5 mm. in diameter (near
flowering node), pilose and puberulous, the long hairs mostly spread-
ing, up to 7 mm, long, brown, the small hairs up to 0.2 mm. long,
whitish, spreading; leaf blades ovate, up to 25 cm. long and 18 cm.
wide, acuminate at tip, cordate at base, rather thin, entire, ciliate,
both surfaces pilose, the hairs ascending, mostly 3 to 6 mm. long,
brownish, arising from stellate bases, these bases larger and more
conspicuous on the upper surface than on the lower, the costa and
lateral veins (4 pairs) rather prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticu-
late; petioles up to 8 cm. long, 2.5 mm. in diameter, the pubescence
that of the stems; flowers axillary, in threes, at least the lowermost;
pedicels 4 cm. long, 1.25 mm. in diameter, the pubescence that of
the stems; bracts elliptic, 3 cm. long, 11 to 17 mm. wide, obtuse or
rounded at both ends, mucronate at tip, the mucro 5 to 8 mm. long,
rigid, densely brown pilose, the hairs similar to those of the stems,
the inner surface puberulous, the hairs up to 0.3 mm. long, mostly
spreading; corollas not seen; drupe (mature ?) ellipsoidal, slightly
flattened, 22 mm. long, 9 mm. broad, 6.25 mm. thick, puberulous,
the hairs up to 0.5 mm. long.

Type in the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen,
collected at Tres Esquinas, on the Rfo Caqueté, Intendencia de
Amazonas, Colombia, 200 meters altitude, August 1952 by M. Kgie
(No. 5043).

Mendoncia trichota is well marked by its large thinnish cordate
leaves and its dense brownish pilosity. Its nearest relative is Men-
doncia cordata Leonard, based on a specimen collected in the forest
along the Rio Anchicayé, Department of El Valle, Colombia, by
J. Cuatrecasas (No. 15216). From this M. trichota differs in its
predominantly longer hairs, the dense (under lens) understory of
minute hairs on the stems, the larger leaf blades, and the smaller
bracts. The leaf blades of M. cordata are up to 20 cm. long and
14 cm. wide and the hairs of the under surface are denser, giving it a
velvety touch that is lacking in M. trichota, with its more scattered
hairs. The bracts of M/. cordata are as much as 3.5 cm. long and 2.5
cm. wide, but in M. trichota do not exceed 3 cm. in length and 1.7 cm.
in width.

The specific epithet is from the Greek word rpixwrés, meaning
provided with hairs.

10. Mendoncia villosa (Klotzch & Karst. ex Nees) Leonard. (Page 21.)

CuUNDINAMARCA: Guaduas, on road to Paramillo, 1,000 meters altitude, January
8, 1953, Uribe-Uribe 2496 (US).

676 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Meta: Rio Giejar, north of La Macarena, Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, 500
meters altitude, August 23, 1950, Jdrobo 566 (US).
12. Mendoncia sprucei Lindau. (Page 23.)

NoRTE DE SANTANDER: Tall forest east of Rfo Valegra, Municipal de Chitagé4,
Cordillera Oriental, 2,000 meters altitude, November 16, 1942, Fosberg 19129 (US).
12a. Mendoncia phalacra Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 23.) FIGuRE 248b

Planta volubilis, caulibus subteretibus, leviter sulcatis, glabris;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata et apiculata,
basi acuta vel obtusa vel rotundata, firma, subcoriacea, integra,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus mediocriter prominentibus;
petioli plus minusve sulcati, glabri; flores solitarii vel gemini, axillares;
pedicelli sulcati, glabri, apice subquadrangulares, deorsum teretes;
bracteae oblongo-ellipticae, apice rotundatae et mucronulatae, plus

Figure 248b.—Mendoncia phalacra Leonard (Garcta-Barriga 14403): a, Portion of plant;
b, bracts; c, drupe. (a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size.)

minusve recurvatae, basi rotundatae, virides, glabrae, costa obscura;
drupa obovoidea, leviter compressa, apice obliqua, glabra, flava.
Vine; stems shallowly grooved, subterete, glabrous, 3 mm. in
diameter near the fruiting nodes; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to
12.5 cm. long and 7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate and bluntly apiculate,
entire, both surfaces glabrous, the costa and lateral veins (4 pairs)
moderately prominent; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, more or less
sulcate, glabrous; flowers solitary or in pairs in the axils of the upper
leaves; peduncles up to 4 cm. long, toward base terete and 1 mm. in
diameter, gradually enlarged to 3 mm. at the subquadrangular tip,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 677

sulcate, glabrous; bracts oblong-elliptic, up to 3 cm. long and 1.5
cm. wide, rounded and mucronulate, the tip of the bract and the
mucro more or less recurved, rounded at the base, green, glabrous,
the costa faint; mature corollas not seen; drupe 17 mm. long, 1 cm.
broad, 7 mm. thick, obtuse, flattened and oblique at tip, yellow,
glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2173522, collected at
Jino-Gojé, between the Rios Piraparané and Popeyaké, in the Rio
Apaporis valley, Vaupés, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, September 3
to 11, 1952, by H. Garcfa-Barriga (No. 14403).

Mendoncia phalacra is unique in being strictly glabrous and in the
rounded, more or less recurved, mucronulate tips of the bracts, which
are very noticeable. The species has no close relatives among those
known to grow in Colombia. The specific epithet is from the Greek
word ¢adaxpés, meaning smooth or glabrous.
17a. Mendoncia garciae Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 31.) FIGurE 248¢

Frutex volubilis, caulibus leviter sulcatis, subteretibus, basi

glabratis, apice dense pilosis, pilis arcte appressis, brunneis; lamina
foliorum elliptica, apice acuta vel abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata,

Ficure 248c.—Mendoncia garciae Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 14399): a, Node showing leaves.
both upper and lower surface, and portion of stem; b, bracts and pedicel; ¢, drupel
(a, Half natural size; b, c, natural size.)

firma, supra parce puberula, integra, subtus dense et molliter tomen-
tosa, pilis flavescentibus, costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus,
supra arcte impressis; petioli dense pilosi, pilis appressis, subbrunneis;
flores axillares; pedicelli teretes, dense tomentosi, pilis mollibus,
subtilibus, subbrunneis; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, apice rotundatae et
mucronatae, basi rotundatae, externe dense tomentosae, pilis mollibus,

678 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

subflavi-brunneis, costa obscura, intus glabrae; drupa subobovoidea,
leviter compressa, apice obtusa et obliqua, glabra.

Shrubby vine up to 3 meters high; stems subterete, shallowly
sulcate, 4.5 mm. in diameter toward tip, densely and upwardly pilose,
the hairs brown, up to 2.5 mm. long, closely appressed, the older
portions of the stems glabrate; leaf blades elliptic, up to 10 em. long
and 7.5 cm. wide, abruptly acute to short-acuminate, rounded at
base, firm, entire, the upper surface sparingly puberulous, the hairs
up to 0.16 mm. long, more or less curved, the lower surface yellowish
and densely and softly tomentose, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (4 pairs) very prominent, the veinlets coarsely
reticulate, the venation of the upper surface conspicuously impressed ;
petioles 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm. in diameter, densely appressed-pilose with
brownish hairs; corollas not seen (yellow, Garcia-Barriga); flowers
axillary, one or more (?) in each axil; pedicels 2.5 cm. long, 1.5 mm. in
diameter, terete, densely tomentose with soft fine brownish hairs up
to 2 mm. long; bracts oblong-ovate, 2 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, rounded
and mucronate, the mucro about 1 mm. long but obscured by the dense
tomentose pubescence covering the outer surface of the bracts, the
hairs soft, yellowish brown, about 2 mm. long, the costa obscure, the
inner surface of the bracts glabrous; drupes 1.5 cm. long, 8 mm.
broad, 6 mm. thick, obtuse and oblique at tip, somewhat flattened,
glabrous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2173519, collected at
Jino-Gojé, between the Rios Piraparang and Popeyaké, in the valley
of the Rio Apaporis, Vaupés, Colombia, 250 meters altitude, September
3 to 11, 1952, by H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 14399).

Mendoneia garciae is easily recognized by its thick, elliptic, almost
suborbicular leaf blades, with yellowish brown-tomentose lower
surfaces and subglabrous, veiny upper surfaces. There are apparently
no close relatives.

19. Mendoncia gracilis Turrill. (Page 33.)

Cauca: Quindio, Triana (IK).

5. THUNBERGIA Retz.

1. Thunbergia alata Bojer. (Page 41.)

Cauca: Cuchilla del Tambo, Jdrobo & Fernandez 30 (US).
2. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. (Page 43.)

Antioquia: Thin woods in the vicinity of Antioquia, Barkley & Arboleda-R. 3
(US).
3. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. (Page 44.)

ATLANTICO: Barranquilla, Bro. Elias 1408 (Ch).

Cuocé: Along the Rio Atrato, in the vicinity of Quibdé, Araque-M. & Barkley
19Ch.034 (US).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 679

3a. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. forma alba Leonard, f. nov. (Page 44.)

A forma typica corolla alba recedit.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1443113, collected
at Barranquilla, Department of Atlintico, Colombia, December 1929,
by Brother Elias (No. 794).

3b. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. forma citrina Leonard, f. nov. (Page 44.)

A forma typica corolla citrina recedit.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2105913, collected at
Pato, in the drainage of Rio Nechi, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, June 23-25, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No. 15833).

Label note: ‘‘Cultivated vine in garden; fls. showy, lemon yellow,
leaves glossy green.” The leaf blades of the type are rather narrowly
ovate, 12 cm. long and 5.5 em. wide, slenderly acuminate, subcordate
at base, coarsely and bluntly toothed and some of them obscurely
lobed. In other respects it resembles the typical form.

6. BRAVAISIA DC.
1. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Standl. (Page 47.)

The citation for Bravaisia floribunda DC. given on page 46 is
erroneous. At the time of the publication of the genus Bravaisia,
DeCandolle provided a combined generic and specific description.
The citation should be:

Bravaisia floribunda DC, Bibl. Univ. Genéve n. ser. 17: 132. 1838. The type
was collected near Caracas, Venezuela, by Vargas. The other synonyms and
specimens mentioned above on page 46 under B. floribunda should be deleted.
AtL&ntico: A common tree at Convento, near Galapa, Dugand 412 (Ch).
El Prado, near Barranquilla, Dugand 168 (Ch). In an arroyo at Juanmina,
Dugand & Jaramillo 4094 (US). Near Puerto Colombia, Dugand 13 (Ch).
Tubard, Elias 952 (US). Sabanilla Lagoon, Dugand 83 (Ch). El Pajar forest,
Dugand 542 (Ch).

MagpaLena: On the Rio Rancheria, near Barrancas, Haught 3989 (US).

7. TRICHANTHERA H. B. K.

1. Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees. (Page 49.)

AnrioquiaA: Rain forest near Villa Arteaga, Lépez & Sanchez 61 (US).

Cauca: In field along the Rfo San Juan, Core 1501 (US). El Tambo, Kjell
von Sneidern 2652 (US), 2653 (US).

Huita: East of San Antonia Fortalecillas, Little 7930 (US).

Mera: Dense forest on bank of the Rio Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena,
Philipson, Idrobo & Fernéndez 1639 (US).

2. Trichanthera corymbosa Leonard. (Page 50.)

SANTANDER: In open, more or less dry forests north of Bucaramanga, Araque-
M. & Barkley 188.212 (US).

680 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

8. SANCHEZIA Ruiz & Pav.

On page 51 above, a mention of the type was omitted. There
were two species described by Ruiz and Pavon, of which I chose S.
ovata as lectotype (Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 484. 1926).

1. Sanchezia pennellii Leonard. (Page 52.)

Amazonas: Lowland along the Rfo Caquetd, at La Pedrera, Schultes & Cabrera
17714 (US).

Catpas: Near Salamina, on the Rfo Pozo, Bro. Tomds 2452 (US).

Cunpinamarca: Villetta, André 512 (K). Chipaque to Coqueza, André
513 (K).

Mera: On river bank in dense humid forests of Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la
Macarena, Philipson, Idrobo & Ferndéndez 1722 (US).

SANTANDER: Tagual, André 266 (K).

Vaupks: Mesa La Lindosa, 15-20 km. south of San José de Guaviare, Idrobo
& Schultes 682 (US). Rfo Guaviare, near San Fernando, 250 m. alt., Araque
M. & Barkley 18Va.068 (US).

2a. Sanchezia thinophila Leonard. (Page 53.)

Sanchezia thinophila, Leonard, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 94, pl.
16. 1953. Type collected along the Rfo Loretoyacu, Trapecio Amazénico,
Intendencia of Amazonas, Colombia, about 100 meters altitude, October
20-30, 1945, by Richard Evans Schultes, No. 6607 (US, 1995537).

Schultes states that the type was taken from a plant growing on

a sandy beach at the mouth of the Rfo Loretoyacu. This suggested
the specific epithet, thinophila, from the Greek 6s, beach, and
gidos, loving.

2b. Sanchezia thinophila Leonard forma glabra Leonard, f. nov. (Page 53.)

A forma typica folia glabra recedit.

A shrub with yellow flowers and red bracts collected in the same

general locality as the type of the typical form.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 1989366, collected
along the Rio Loretoyacu, Trapecio Amazénico, Intendencia de
Amazonas, Colombia, altitude about 100 meters, November 1945, by
Richard Evans Schultes (No. 6937).

3. Sanchezia lutea Leonard. (Page 53.)

Cauca: Marshy jungle on bank of stream near sea level, Gorgona Island,
Collenette 557 (K).

9. HYGROPHILA R. Br.

1. Hygrophila guianensis Nees. (Page 58.)

Antioquia: Wet places at Copacabana, Bro. Daniel 3965 (US).

Meta: Wet rocky forest along the Rio Guatiqufa, in the vicinity of Villa-
vicencio, Araque-M. & Barkley 18M.041 (US).

Putumayo: Wet forest on steep slope of ridge above Sachamates and opposite

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 681

the mouth of Quebrada Patoyaco, on the Rfo Susunga (upper Rio Mocoa), 17 km.
west of Mocoa, Fosberg 20386 (US).
SANTANDER: Pailas, 5 km. from Pie de Cuesta, Araque-M. & Barkley 185.247
(US).
2. Hygrophila tyttha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 60.) Ficure 249
Herba gracilis, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, simplicibus vel
parce ramosis, acute quadrangularibus vel angulis anguste alatis,
glabris vel in nodis tumidis parce hirtellis; lamina foliorum lineari-

Ficure 249.—Hygrophila tyttha Leonard (aj, Killip 35383; k, Cuatrecasas 16672): a,
Plant; b, node showing inflorescence; ¢, interpetiolar hairs; d, bract; ¢, calyx; f, portion
of mature calyx segment to show pubescence; g, tip of young calyx lobe; h, upper por-
tion of corolla to show stamens; i, anther; 7, valve of capsule; k, seed, moistened to
show gelatinous pilosity. (a, Natural size; b, twice natural size; c, 12 times natural
size; d, ¢, 344 times natural size; f, 35 times natural size; g, 6 times natural size; h, 244
times natural size; i, 18 times natural size; 7, twice natural size; &, 10 times natural
size.)

lanceolata, apice obtusa, basi perspicue angustata, in superficie

glabra, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris parce hirtellis, marginibus

aliquando parce ciliolatis, cystolithis parvis, raris, inconspicuis; flores

axillares, pedicellis planis, anguste alatis; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae

vel obtusae, glabrae vel in costa parce hirtellae et in marginibus albidis
388179—57——24

682 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

parce ciliolatae; pili interpetiolares plani, albidi, septati; calyx parvus
tubo glabro, segmentis linearibus, subcarinatis, glabris vel parce
hirtellis et ciliatis, pilis ascendentibus; corolla alba vel lilacina,
puberula, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina inclusa, antheris linearibus;
capsulae lineares, obtusae et apiculatae, glabrae; retinacula brevia,
acuta; semina brunnea, plana, apice rotundata, basi obliqua (sicca),
marginibus madefacta mucoso-pilosis.

Slender herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems erect or ascending, simple
or sparingly branched forming dense clumps, sharply quadrangular or
the angles narrowly winged, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous at the
nodes, these more or less swollen, the basal portion of the stems 1 to
1.5 mm. in diameter; leaf blades linear-lanceolate, up to 5 cm. long
and 1.5 to 4.5 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to an obtuse tip and into
a slender base, glabrous except the costa (prominent) and lateral
veins (4 or 5 pairs, obscure), these sparingly hirtcllous, the margins
of the leaves sometimes sparingly ciliolate, the cystoliths usually
small, scattered and inconspicuous; interpetiolar hairs whitish, up to
0.64 mm. long, flattened, septate; flowers axillary, solitary or several
in a cluster, the pedicels up to 3 cm. long, flattened, narrowly winged;
bracts subtending the pedicels lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide,
acute to obtuse, glabrous, the costa and margins whitish, the costa
sparingly hirtellous and the margins sparingly ciliolate with hairs
about 0.2 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, the tube glabrous, the segments
linear, about 5 mm. long, subcarinate, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
and ciliate, the hairs ascending, about 0.2 mm. long; corolla white or
lilac, 7 mm. long, puberulous, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long and 1.25
mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens included, the longer pair 3.5 mm.
long, the shorter 1.5 mm. long, the anthers linear, 1 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
broad; capsules linear, 10 mm. long, 1.25 mm. broad, 0.75 mm. thick,
obtuse and apiculate, glabrous; retinacula 0.35 mm. long, acute; seed
usually 16 in each capsule, brown, flattened, ca. 1 mm. long, 0.6
mm. wide, 0.25 mm. thick, rounded at tip, oblique at base, glabrous
when dry but mucilaginous-pilose when moistened.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772097, collected on
the sandy and gravelly bank of Rfo San Juan, near Andagoya, In-
tendencia of Chocé, Colombia, 60 meters altitude, April 27, 1939,
by E. P. Killip (No. 35383). Also represented by:

En Vauie: Rfo Cajambre, at Barco, Cuatrecasas 17101 (US). Rio Calima,

between La Herradura de Ordéfiez and Pefia de Campotriste, Cuatrecasas 16672
(US). Rfo Calima, between Pailén and El Coco, Cuatrecasas 21246 (US). Rfo

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 683

Naya, between Puerto Merizalde and Meregildo, Cuatrecasas 14346 (US). Wet
rocky soil on edge of Rfo Sabaletas, at Sabaletas, km. 29 of highway from Buena-
ventura to Cali, Killip & Cuatrecasas 38856 (US).

The specimens cited were all collected at low altitudes (5 to 80
meters). The plants, often forming dense clumps, are of a bright
green color. Killip states that it is a characteristic plant along the
Rio San Juan. The species is unique in the genus Hygrophila
because of its small size, hence its name from the Greek rur@s.

10. BLECHUM P. Br.

1, Blechum brownei Juss. f. puberulum Leonard. (Page 62.)

Antioquia: Damp shaded place 2 km. north of Antioquia, Gutiérrez & Barkley
170.036 (US). Open places in rich alluvial soil in the vicinity of Medellin,
Barkley 170.345 (US). Along trail, 3 km. west of Santa Fé de Antioquia, Barkley,
Barros-N. & Alvarez-D. 381 (US); Rios-C., Barkley & Betancourt-O. 605 (US).
Trail near the Rfo Ampurrumiad6, Gutiérrez & Barkley 17C.174 (US).

ArtAntico: Hacienda El Paraiso, on the bank of Rio Magdalena between
Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand 4420 (US).

Botfvar: Hacienda Martinica in the vicinity of Sind, 15 km. from Monteria,
Bechara, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bo.085 (US). Rich soil west of Monterfa, near
the Rio Sind, Cervantes, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bo.054 (US).

Ex Vatue: La Paila, Holton s.n. (NY). Near Queremal, Core 1482 (US).

Huma: Wet silt near river and rice fields, Rfo Cabrera, 18 km. northeast of
Villavieja, S. Galen Smith 1203 (US).

MaapaLena: Santa Marta, Bertero s.n. (Mo).

11. PHAULOPSIS Willd.

1. Phaulopsis oppositifolia (Wendl.) Lindau. (p. 65).

Micranthus oppositifolius Wendl. Bot. Beob. 39. 1798.

Phaulopsis parviflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 342. 1800 (nom. illegit.).

Phaulopsis oppositifolia Lindau in Engler & Prantl, Nat, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr.

II-IV, Teil. 1: 305. 1897 (as oppositifolius).

On page 64 above, I adopted the original spelling “Phaylopsis”’ ;
however, when this genus was added to the list of nomina conservanda
the etymologically correct spelling Phauwlopsis was adopted. The
specific epithet parviflora was superfluous when published, and must
be replaced by the earlier oppositifolia. The fact that the genus
Micranthus Wendland has been rejected in favor of Phaulopsis does
not render specific names published unter Micranthus illegitimate.

Mera: Villavicencio, Bro. Apollinaire C (US), E (US), F (US). About 12
km. southeast of Villavicencio, 400 meters altitude, January 9, 1989, Haught
2532 (US).

684 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
12. RUELLIA Plum. ex L.

Dipteracanthus Nees ex Wall. The species D. ciliatus mentioned as the type on
page 66 is a lectotype rather than a type. Bremekamp (Verh. Kon. Ned.
Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., sect. 2, 45: 15, 1948) chose another species,
D. prostratus (Poiret) Nees, as lectotype in 1948, and his choice must be
followed.

Stemonacanthus. The species S. salviifolius is a lectotype, the fourth of five
original species; it was chosen because it is the one illustrated by Nees.
Arrhostozylum. On page 66, I stated that the type of this genus is A. larum
Nees, but this was an error. There were 18 original species in the genus,
of which the third, A. glabrum Nees, was chosen as lectotype by Bremekamp
(loc. cit.) because it is the species illustrated by Nees. Bremekamp’s choice

must be followed.

1. Ruellia fulgida Andr. var. angustissima (Hochr.) Leonard. (Page 69.)

CunpinaMarca: Santandercito, Uribe-Uribe 2207 (US).

Cauca: Open forests about Popaydn, Lehmann 7850 (K). La Paila, Holton
23 (NY).

Norte DE SANTANDER: Ocafia, Schlim 136 (K).

2. Ruellia tolimensis Leonard. (Page 71.)
CunDINAMARCA: Fusagasugd4, André 1445 (K).
3. Ruellia potamophila Leonard. (Page 73.)

Ku Vater: Forest at Cisneros, 300 to 500 meters altitude, Sept. 21, 1922,
Killip 11477 (GH, NY).

Mera: Dense humid forest in ravine, Cafio Cierno, Sierra de la Macarena,
Philipson, Idrobo & Jaramillo 2046 (BM). Along path at Guapayita, between the
Rio Giiejar and Cafio Guapayita, Cordillera La Macarena, 500 to 600 meters
altitude, December 1950, Idrobo & Schultes 920 (US).

6. Ruellia paniculata L. (Page 76.)

AtLAntTiIco: Luruaco, Bro. Apolinar-Angel 496 (US).

Bolivar: Desert scrub savanna, Caribbean coast, 7 km. east of Cartagena,
Grant 10706 (US).

Macpatena: Pantano, Rfo Hacha, Schlim 894 (K).

7. Ruellia inundata H. B. K. (Page 77.)

At.LANTico: Hacienda El Parafso on the banks of the Rfo Magdalena between
Palmar de Varela and Ponedera, Dugand 4427 (US).

8. Ruellia tuberosa L. (Page 79.)

Antioquia: Damp woods 2 km. north of Antioquia, Guttérrez-V. & Barkley
170.041 (US). Woods near Antioquia, Barkley, Klevens & Gutiérrez-V. 17C.380
(US). Dry rocky soil along road to sea 1 km. east of Puente de Occidente, Bark-
ley, Barros-N. & Alvarez-D. 393 (US); Scolnik, Araque-M. & Barkley 19An.317
(US). Damp place 3 km. west of Santa Fé de Antioquia, Scolnik, Rios-C. &
Betancourt-O. 624 (US).

Botivar: Hacienda El Covao, Monterfa, on the banks of the Rio Sind, Garcia-
Barriga 13415 (US); Cervantes, Araque-M. & Barkley 19Bo.066 (US).

CunpinaMmarca: Viotdé to Toacima, André 1713 (K).

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 685

Huta: Sand bar at Cabrera Lajas, about 11 km. east of Villavieja, on the road
to Baraya, upper Rfo Magdalena basin, S. Galen Smith 1137 (US). Road from
Villavieja to Colombia, upper Rfo Magdalena basin, Mason 13978 (UC).

Maqpatrena: Along weedy roadside in cultivated grounds of Prado de Magda-
lena, Santa Marta, Fosberg 22126 (US).

Norte DE SANTANDER: Cicuta, Miguel de Garganta-Fébrega 902 (US). In
rather dry, sandy, rocky soil near the Rio Pamplonita, east of Cicuta, Araque-M.
& Barkley 18NS.153 (US). In rather dry, rocky soil along the Rfo Peralonso in
the vicinity of Santiago, Araque-M. & Barkley 18N8.106. (US).

Totima: Open bushwoods above Prado and near La Unién, Lehmann 6410 (K).
9. Ruellia macrophylla Vahl. (Page 80.)

Magpaena: Tucurinca, Romero 597 (Ch). Temperate forests 8 km. east-
northeast of Manaure and 44 km. east of Valledupar, Sierra de Perijé, Grant 10764
(US). Subtropical forest in the Espfritu Santo Valley, 15 km. east of Codazi,
Sierra Perijé, Grant 11000 (US).

DEPARTMENT?: Valle de Caesar, Dawe 616 (K).

11. Ruellia ischnopoda Leonard. (Page 84.)

Antioquta: Loreto, Toro 859 (NY). El Boqueré6n, along road to sea in vicin-
ity of Medellin, Uribe-Uribe 2273 (US).

CunpinaMarca: Barroblanco, near Fusagasug4, André 1439 (K). On bank of
the Rfo Magdalena at Guataqui, André 1881 (K).

Narifto: La Unién, in the Rio Cauca valley, André 2916 (K).

Touma: Dry heaps of rubble around Guadelupe and Suaza, Lehmann 8692
(NY, K). Rfo Saldafia, Haught 6382 (US).

13. Ruellia rusbyi Leonard. (Page 88.)

Cauca: La Vibora, Lehmann 4478 (K). Los Arboles, in the Rfo Cauca Valley,
André 2848 (K).

Touma: Pitalito, Sprague 246 (K).

15. Ruellia humboldtiana (Nees) Lindau. (Page 89.)
Stemonacanthus humboldtianus Nees in Benth. London Journ. Bot. 4: 6365.
1845 [humboltianus].

The above citation is the first publication, two years earlier than
that cited above on page 89, i. e. Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 206. 1847.
This brings up a peculiar nomenclatural difficulty. Bentham was
preparing his list of the British Guiana collections of Schomburgk,
and Nees contributed a description of his proposed new species in
advance of its intended publication in the Prodromus. The Bentham
publication came out earlier, but it does not cite the intended type
(a Humboldt collection from the Aragua Valley, Venezuela), but only
a Schomburgk collection from British Guiana, which Nees was con-
sidering a new variety—S. humboldtianus var. 8. ‘The short specific
description is however based on the Humboldt specimen, even though
this is not cited, and consequently it must be considered the type.
The Schomburgk specimen has not been examined; it very probably
represents a different species.

686 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

In DC. Prodromus, Nees lists under the typical variety (called
var. a) a Linden collection (Linden 1526) from Cuba. This was an
error; Nees very likely intended to list this specimen under his var. 8.
In any case, this collection, as shown by a photograph of a specimen,
does not represent 22. humboldtiana. On page 89 above, I stated that
it might be an undescribed species, but further study indicates that
it is R. macrophylla Vahl, a species rather common in Cuba.

CunDINAMARCA: Subtropical forest in the Gazaunta Valley, 9 km. northwest
of Medina, Cordillera Oriental, Grant 10388 (US).

Mera: Between Quetame and Villavicencio, Lehmann 8822 (K). Rain forest,
Rfo Ocoa, 9 km. southeast of Villavicencio, Fosberg 20160 (US). Moist forest
just west of Servita in the canyon of Rfo Negro, 10 km. west-northwest of Villa-
vicencio, Fosberg 21445 (US). Between Servita and Villavicencio, 300-900
meters, Triana 4043-3 (Kk).

16, Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. (Page 91.)

Cunpinamarca: Between Rfo Seco and Parada, Province of Tequendama,
Triana 4043-1 (Col, K).! Guaduas, Uribe-Uribe 2335 (US). San Antonio,
Haught 6256 (US).

NorvTE DE SANTANDER: Aguachica, Ocafia, Schlim 779 (K).

SANTANDER: Consuelo, Kalbreyer 2049 (KX).

Totima: Shaded forest near watercourse, Chicoral, Haught 6385 (US), 6429
(US). Mariquita, Uribe-Uribe 2567 (US).
16a. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard. (Page 92.)

Botivar: Forests between Las Dantes and Puerto Canoa, Pennell 4542 (NY).

Cunpinamanca: Cordillera de Viota, on the road to Fusagasuga, Triana
4043-5 (KK),

Murra; Susumuco, André 900 (K). Villavicencio, Paul H. & Dorothy O. Allen
3229 (Mo); Pérez-Arbeldez 5343 (Herbarium of Pérez-Arbeléez). Between
Susumuco and Villavicencio, 300-1000 meters, Triana 32-4 (K).

16b, Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard f. bicolor
Leonard. (Page 92.)

Cauca: La Costa, El Tambo, von Sneidern 864 (S).

Meta: In rich soil in damp rocky woods on the bank of Rfo Guatiqufa, in
the vicinity of Villavicencio, Araque-M. & Barkley 18M.058 (US). Guapayita,
on trail between the Rfo Giiejar and Cafio Guapayita, Cordillera de Macarena,
Idrobo & Schuites 916 (US). Dense humid forests on the Rfo Giiejar south of
the El Mico Airstrip of Camp 1, Cordillera de Macarena, Philipson, Idrobo &
Fernandez 13864 (US). Los Micos, along the Rfo Giiejar, Sabanas de San Juan
de Arama, Cordillera de Macarena, Idrobo & Schultes 568 (US). Moist shady
place along stream, Villavicencio, Sandeman 5821 (K). Villavicencio, André
1014 (1X); Sprague s.n. (KK); Pennell 1478 (NY).

16c. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. tetrastichantha (Lindau) Leonard forma
caesiolineata Leonard, f. nov. (Page 93.)
A forma typica corolla labio inferiore caesiolineato recedit.
A shrub 8 feet high; corolla white with lavender lines on the lower
lip, 7 cm. long, the tube 5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 2 em.

1 The Kew specimen is erroncously numbered ‘4041-1,’ according toa copy of the Triana catalog in the
possession of Dr. Cuatrecasas,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 687

above base to about 3 mm., thence rather abruptly enlarged to a
cylindrical throat 1.5 cm. broad, the limb about 4 cm. broad.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045436, collected in
tropical forest at San Mateo, Gazaguan Valley, 6 kilometers north-
west of Medina, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 800 meters
altitude, October 6, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 10431). Iso-
type: US.
16f. Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K. var. parviflora Leonard forma alba Leonard.

(Page 94.)
Leaf blades lanceolate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long and 0.8 to 2 cm. wide.

AMAzoNAS: Soratama, on the Rio Apaporis between Rio Pacoa and Rio
Kananarf, Schultes & Cabrera 13570 (US).

17. Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. (Page 94.)

Touma: Piedras, on the Rio Chipalo, André 1865 (KX).
17a. Ruellia aurantiaca Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 95.) Ficure 249a

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, subtomentosis; lamina
foliorum ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso),
basi rotundata vel acuta, aliquanto firma, crenata, supra glabra,
subtus puberula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, venis
utrinque obscuris, cystolithis prominentibus; petioli puberuli, pilis
fere appressis; spicae terminales et subterminales, floribus in fasciculis
basi interruptis apice confluentibus; bracteae fasciculas subtendentes
foliaceae; bracteae flores subtendentes oblongae, apice rotundatae,
ciliatae et utrinque parce pilosae, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
extus costa subtomentosa, pilis curvatis et appressis; calycis segmenta
linearia pilosa et ciliata, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus; corolla pallide
aurantiaca hypocrateriformis, pubescens, lobis orbicularibus, emar-
ginatis; stamina vix exserta, antheris oblongis, utrinque rotundatis,
filamentis glabris; capsulae clavatae, puberulae, pilis retrorsis apice
ascendentibus; retinacula gracilia linearia recta et leviter curvata,
apice plana et fimbriata.

Suffrutescent, probably up to 1 meter high; stems quadrangular,
subtomentose, the hairs up to 1 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-lanccolate,
16 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, rounded to acute at base, acuminate at
tip (the tip itself subobtuse), moderately firm, crenate, the upper
surface glabrous, the lower puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to
the costa and veins (10 to 12 pairs), subappressed, up to 0.25 mm.
long, the venation rather obscure, the cystoliths prominent, up to
0.16 mm. long; petioles up to 4 cm. long, puberulous, the hairs up to
0.16 mm. long, mostly appressed; flowers borne in fascicles, these
sessile, forming up to three terminal and subterminal spikes, the
longer 9 cm. long and all about 2 cm. broad, the fascicles interrupted

688 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

toward base of spikes and confluent toward tip; bracts subtending
the fascicles leaflike, mostly up to 2.5 cm. long and up to 8 mm.
wide; bracts subtending the flowers oblong, 8 to 10 mm. long and 2.5
to 4 mm. wide, rounded at tip, ciliate and loosely pilose, the hairs
spreading or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, dorsally the costa sub-
tomentose with appressed, curved hairs up to 0.25 mm. long; calyx

FIGuRE 249a.—Ruellia® aurantiaca Leonard (André 1203): a, Leaf; b, tip of inflorescence;
¢, floral bract; d, calyx segment; ¢, corolla; f, capsule valve. (a, Half natural size;
b, e, natural size; c, 2} times natural size; d, 2% times natural size; f, twice natural
size.)

parted nearly to base, the segments linear, 12 mm. long, gradually
narrowed from 1 mm. wide at base to a slender obtuse tip, pilose and
ciliate with spreading or ascending hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, the
dorsal surface bearing additional appressed hairs up to 0.25 mm. long;
corolla light orange, pubescent (the hairs variously curved, up to 0.5
mm. long), up to 3 cm. long, the tube 2 mm. broad at base, gradually en-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 689

larged to 2.5 at 2 cm. above base, thence expanded into a funnelform
throat 7 mm. broad at mouth, the lobes orbicular, about 7 mm. in di-
ameter, emarginate, thelimb about 2 cm.broad, the longer pair of stamens
slightly exserted beyond the mouth of the mouth of the corolla, the
shorter pair more or less included, the anthers oblong, 4 mm. long, 1
mm. broad, rounded at both ends, the filaments glabrous, the style
about 2 cm. long, glabrous toward tip, minutely and sparingly puber-
ulous toward base; capsules clavate, about 12 mm. long, 5mm. broad,
1.5 mm. thick, puberulous, the hairs ascending at tip, retrorse toward
base, up to 0.3 mm. long; retinacula slender, linear, slightly curved,
thin and fimbriate at tip, about 0.5 mm. wide; seeds not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the woods about Salitre,
Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 400 meters altitude,
January 5, 1876, by Edouard André (No. 1203).

There seem to be no close relatives of this species in Colombia.
The specific epithet was suggested by the color of the corolla.

18. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K. (Page 95.)

In the discussion on page 95 above regarding the various varieties
of Ruellia geminiflora proposed by Nees under the name Diptera-
canthus geminiflorus, I stated that none of these have been validly
published except 6 and e. Of course, they were validly published;
I intended to say that they had not been validly transferred to the
genus Ruellia, except for the two varieties mentioned.

CunpinaMARcA: Hacienda Tobia, Nocaima, Garcia-Barriga s.n. (Col).

Cauca: Woods in the District of Saladito, 15 km. west of Cali, Alma Moldenke,
Willard & Barkley 18VC.000 (US).

Eu Vatue: Upper Rio Dagua, 1400-1600 meters, Lehmann 5505 (K).

Huiva: Flats along stream in dissected plateau in the upper basin of the Rio
Magdalena about 5 km. north of Villavieja, Mason 13817 (US).

Maapaena: Poponte, Cyril Allen 934 (K).

Mera: La Poyata, Garcia-Barriga 5196 (Col).

Norve pE SANTANDER: Ocafia, Kalbreyer 1257 (K).

Touima: Wooded bank of stream west of Chaparral, S. Galen Smith 1272
(UC). Near Piedras, André 1859bis (K).
18a. Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K. var. angustifolia (Nees) Griseb. (Page 96.)

ANTIOQUIA: Open woods on Cerro “El Volador,”’ east of Medellin, Araque-M.
& Barkley 18An.360 (US).

Mera: Cabuyaro, Sprague 52 (K).
19a. Ruellia obtusa Nees f. albiflora Leonard f. nov. (Page 97.)

A forma typica corolla alba recedit.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2025721, collected
near Sahagiin, on the road to Cereté, Department of Bolivar, Colombia,
120 meters altitude, June 1, 1950, by H. Garcia-Barriga (No. 13454).

Ruellia obtusa f. albiflora is an herb up to 1 meter high. It resem-
bles the typical form except for its white flowers.

690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

20. Ruellia colorata Baill. (Page 98.)

Cauca: Popaydn, Lehmann 3164 (K).
22. Ruellia pennellii Leonard. (Page 101.)

ANTIoQuIa: Woods in the Quebrada de Barigamo, between Pavarandocito
and Mutata, in the vicinity of Uraba, Uribe-Uribe 2029 (US).

Botfvar: Forest at Tierra Alta, on the bank of the Rfo Sint, Pennell 4178
(in part) (GH).

Caquerf: Without locality, C. Uribe-P. (US).

Maapatena: Isla Brava, André 402 (K).
22a. Ruellia grantii Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 102.) Figure 250

Herba, caulibus quadrangularibus, angulis acutis, pilosis vel sub-
tomentosis, pilis appressis, albidis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-
ovata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi cuneata, aliquanto

Figure 250.—Ruellia grantii Leonard (Grant 10013): a, Inflorescence; b, stem node and
leaf; c, portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to show venation and cystoliths;
d, bract and bractlets; ¢, calyx; f, portion of capsule near its base enlarged to show
pubescence; g, tip of lowermost retinaculum; A, same of upper retinaculum. (a. b,
Natural size; c, d, twice natural size; ¢, 2% times natural size; f, 10 times natural size;
g, h, 8 times natural size.)

firma, undulata vel crenato-serrata, supra glabra vel pilos paucos
ferens, subtus parce vel aliquanto dense pilosa, pilis praecipue in costa
et venis positis, appressis vel ascendentibus, costa et venis et venulis
prominentibus, cystolithis aliquanto obscuris; petioli pilosi, pilis ap-
pressis; spicae terminales, bracteis et bracteolis prominentibus, lance-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 691

olatis, pilosis et ciliolatis, apice subacutis vel subobtusis; calycis seg-
menta linearia (apice ipso obtuso), ciliata et parce pilosa, pilis patulis
vel ascendentibus, costa prominente; corolla alba, minute pubescens,
tubo hypocrateriformi, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina plus minusve
inclusa, filamentis sursum glabris, basi puberulis, antheris linearibus;
capsulae clavatae, dense puberulae, apice pilis patulis vel ascendenti-
bus, basi pilis retrorsis; retinacula suberecta, inferiora apice rotundata,
laciniata, superiora apice acuminata, minute laciniata; semina
brunnea, madefacta dense mucoso-tomentosa.

Herb up to 0.5 meter high; stems quadrangular, the angles sharp
or the lower portions subquadrangular, pilose to subtomentose, the
hairs appressed, whitish, up to 0.5 mm. long; leaf blades ovate to
oblong-ovate, up to 13 cm. long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the
tip itself obtuse), cuneate at base, rather firm, undulate or crenate-
serrate, the upper surface glabrous or bearing a few scattered hairs,
the lower surface sparingly to rather densely pilose, especially the
costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs), the hairs appressed to ascend-
ing, up to 0.16 mm. long, the venation prominent beneath, less so
above, the cystoliths rather obscure, up to 0.112 mm. long; petioles
up to 4 cm. long, appressed-pilose, the hairs similar to those on the
stems; flowers borne in terminal spikes up to 7 cm. long and 3 cm.
broad, the bracts and bractlets conspicuous, lanceolate, moderately
pilose and ciliate, the hairs up to 1.25 mm. long, ascending, the bracts
2 cm. long and 0.5 mm. wide or the lowermost larger, the bractlets
1.5 em. long and 2.25 mm. wide, both bracts and bractlets subacute
to subobtuse; calyx about 14 mm. long, the segments linear, about
12 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, gradually narrowed to a blunt tip,
ciliate and sparingly pilose, the hairs spreading or ascending, up to
1.25 mm. long, the costa prominent; corolla 3.5 cm. long, white, mi-
nutely pubescent, the tube 2.5 mm. in diameter, expanding from about
the middle to 8 mm. at throat, the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in
diameter; stamens reaching or slightly exceeding the mouth of the
corolla, the filaments glabrous except toward the puberulous base,
the anthers linear, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide; capsules 14 mm. long,
clavate, 4 to 5 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, rather densely pubescent,
the hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, ascending or spreading at and near
tip, retrorse toward base, the retinacula nearly straight, 4 mm. long
and 0.5 mm. wide near base, acute to rounded and more or less fimbri-
ate at tip; seed brown, about 3 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide and 0.5
mm. thick, mucilaginous-tomentose when moistened.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045435, collected on
creek bank in subtropical forest in the Quebrada Playén, in the Rio
Manzanares Valley, 20 km. west of La Esperanza and 42 km. west of
Villavicencio, Cordillera Oriental, Intendencia of Meta, Colombia,

692 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1,200 meters altitude, August 29, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No.
10013). Isotype: US, 2107000.

Ruellia grantit should be easy to recognize in the field by its stiff
habit, square stems and largish spikes with conspicuous narrow
bracts and bractlets, and by the white, puberuious corollas.
22b. Ruellia macarenensis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 102.) Figure 251

Herba decumbens, caulibus parce ramosis, subquadrangularibus,
glabris vel parce bifariam pilosis, lineis stipularibus dense pilosis,
pilis albis, rectis, ascendentibus, cystolithis pluribus, parallelis :
lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata, apice graciliter falcato-acuminata
(apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, utrinque
minute strigosa, pilis in costa et venis lateralibus aliquanto prominent-
ibus positis, cystolithis conspicuis; petioli aliquanto breves, subtus
glabri, supra et in marginibus canalis plus minusve dense pilosi; flores
axillares; bracteae oblongo-lanceolatae, foliaceae; pedunculi breves,
crassi; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, subaequalia, graciliter
acuminata, intus glabra, extus parce pilosa, in marginibus dense
ciliata; corolla magna, alba (?), parce pubescens, pilis in venis positis,
tubo basi angusto, supra magno, plus minusve ventricoso, lobis mag-
nis, suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris, basi puber-
ulis exceptis.

Decumbent herbs up to 1.5 meters long; stems sparingly branched,
subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly pilose in two lines, the hairs
up to 0.38 mm. long, the stipular lines between the bases of the
petioles densely pilose, the hairs white, straight, ascending, up to
0.7 mm. long, the cystoliths numerous, parallel, up to 0.16 mm. long,
obscure; leaf blades oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 4 em. wide,
slenderly falcate-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed and
cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, both surfaces minutely
strigose, the hairs confined to costa and lateral veins (6 or 7 pairs),
up to 0.7 mm. long, the venation moderately prominent, the cystoliths
conspicuous, up to 0.16 mm. long; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous
or sparingly pilose beneath, the channels and margins densely pilose;
flowers solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, each subtended by a
pair of leaflike bracts, these oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 cm. long and
5 mm. wide, acute; pedicels 1 mm. long, stout; calyx segments nar-
rowly lanceolate, subequal, 16 to 20 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, grad-
ually narrowed to a slender tip, the margins densely ciliate with white
spreading or ascending hairs up to 1.5 mm. long, the inner surface
glabrous, the outer rather sparingly pilose toward tip; corolla 6 cm.
long, white (?), sparingly pubescent, the hairs confined to the nerves,
spreading, up to 0.75 mm. long, the tube 3 mm. broad at base, grad-
ually narrowed to 2 mm. at 2 cm. above base, thence abruptly enlarged
to 16 mm. at throat, the enlarged portion about 2.5 cm. long and

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 693

somewhat ventricose, the lobes suborbicular, about 12 mm. in diam-
eter; stamens included, the longer pair 2 cm. long, the shorter 1.5
cm. long, the filaments glabrous except at base, here minutely puberu-
lous, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad; style slightly exceeding
the stamens in length, glabrous except at base, here puberulous, the
stigma lobes very unequal, one linear, 2.25 mm. long and 0.3 mm.

Ficure 251.—Ruellia macarenensis Leonard (S. Galen Smith 8 Idrobo 1486): a, Tip o
plant; b, portion of leaf blade (lower surface) enlarged to show pubescence and cystoliths
c, portion of stem enlarged to show cystoliths; d, node of stem; ¢, bract; f, calyx; g,
portion of calyx segment enlarged to show ciliation; A, anther; i, stigma. (a, Half
natural size; b, c, about 5 times natural size; d, ¢, 2}4 times natural size; f, 1, twice
natural size; g, 714 times natural size; 4, 4}4 times natural size.)

wide, the other ovate, rounded, about 0.75 mm. long and wide;
capsule not seen.

Type in the Herbarium of the University of California, No. 941780,
collected in dense forest on north bank of the Rio Giiejar near its
junction with the Rio Zanza, at the northern end of the Cordillera
Marcarena, Intendencia of Meta, 500 meters altitude, August 20,
1950, by S. Galen Smith and Jestis M. Idrobo (No. 1486). Isotype:
US.

694. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Ruellia macarenensis resembles in a general way FR. puri Mart.
of Brazil, but that species has longer corollas with a much more slen-
der tube (lower narrow portion 1 mm. broad and as much as 5 em. long
and the expanded upper portion about 1 em. long and 5 mm. wide at
mouth) and its leaf blades are less slenderly acuminate and falcate.

The plants from which the type specimens were obtained were
hanging from the steep river bank. They were sparingly branched
and were from 0.5 to 1.5 meters long.

25. Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard. (Page 106.)

Caxpas: Piedra de Moler, on the banks of the Rfo de la Vieja, André 2406 (I).

Mera: Servita, 900 meters, Triana 32-2 (K).
26a. Ruellia gorgonensis Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 107). FIGURE 252

Herba, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, erectis vel as-
cendentibus, subquadrangularibus, dense pilosis, pilis longis, rigidis,
brunneis, vitreis, plus minusve patulis; lamina foliorum ovata vel
oblonga-ovata, subacuta vel breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integro vel leviter
dentata, utrinque pilosa, pilis rigidis, subbrunneis, ascendentibus,
costa et venis lateralibus supra obscuris, subtus prominentibus, pilis
longis rigidis et pilis parvis appressis intermixtis praeditis, cystolithis
prominentibus; petioli pilis longis patulis et pilis parvis appressis
intermixtis praediti; flores plures sessiles in fasciculis parvis dispositi,
bracteis magnis foliiformibus suffulti; bracteolae lineares vel spathula-
tae, pilosae, pilis rigidis; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuminata,
parce hirsuta; corolla dilute lilacina, minute pubescens, pilis patulis,
tubo deorsum anguste cylindrico, sursum hypocratiformi et leviter
ventricoso, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris;
ovarium hirtellum.

Simple or sparingly branched herbs up to 1.6 meters high; stems
erect or ascending, subquadrangular, densely pilose, the hairs rigid,
brownish, vitreous, more or less spreading, up to 3.5 mm. long;
leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, up to 14 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
subacute to short-acuminate, acute to obtuse at base and decurrent
on the petiole, moderately firm, entire or shallowly and obscurely
dentate, both surfaces rather densely pilose with rigid brownish
ascending hairs up to 2.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or
6 pairs) of the upper surface obscure, those of the lower surface promi-
nent and in addition to the long rigid spreading hairs mostly bearing
numerous small (about 0.16 mm. long) appressed ones, the cystoliths
prominent, up to 0.2 mm. long; petioles 5 to 10 em. long, bearing both
long rigid spreading hairs and smaller closely appressed ones; flowers
borne in small clusters, the calyces and bractlets hidden by the ter-
minal leaves or, in mature plants, the flower clusters arranged in

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 695

terminal spikes usually about 6 cm. long, the clusters subtended by
small subsessile lanceolate leaves, these mostly 1.5 to 5 em. long
and 0.5 to 1.5 cm. wide, acuminate to acute (the tips often curved),
the pubescence that of the main stem leaves, each flower subtended
by a pair of linear or spatulate pilose bractlets up to 1 cm. long and

Figure 252.—Ruellia gorgonensis Leonard (a-d, Cheesman 533; e-g, Longfield 381): a, Tip
of plant; 6, trichome from stem; ¢, portion of under surface of leaf blade enlarged to
show pubescence and cystoliths; d, same for marginal portion of leaf blade; ¢, bractlets;
f, calyx; g, tip of calyx segment. (a, Natural size; b, 12 times natural size; ¢, d, ¢, twice
natural size; f, 4 times natural size; g, 7 times natural size.)

2 mm. wide; mature calyx 6.5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate,
5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, thence gradually narrowed into
a slender tip, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs about 0.16 mm. long,
subappressed or ascending, confined mostly to the costa and tips of
the segments; corolla pale pink or lavender, minutely pubescent, the
narrow portion of the corolla tube (except at base) densely so with

696 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

more or less spreading hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, the lower half of the
corolla tube narrowly cylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the upper por-
tion funnelform, slightly ventricose, 12 mm. broad at mouth, the limb
2 cm. broad, the lobes suborbicular, about 7 mm. in diameter; stamens
included, attached near the summit of the narrow portion of the corolla
tube, the filaments of the longer pair about 7 mm. in length, those of
the shorter pair 5 mm., all glabrous, the anthers 2.5 mm. long, 0.5
mm. broad; stigma reaching the tip of the shorter pair of stamens,
the developed lobe flat, oblong, rounded; ovary and style hirtellous
with minute spreading or ascending hairs; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in a dense jungle near shore
of Gorgona Island (west of Cauca), Colombia, Oct. 8, 1942, by L. E.
Cheesman (No. 533).

C. Longfield’s No. 381, collected in a clearing formed by fallen trees
in an old wet jungle near seashore of Gorgona Island, ‘11-7-24,” is
also of this species.

fiuellia gorgonensis is probably related to R. putumayensis, which
it rather closely resembles. The leaf blades of R. putumayensis,
however, are elliptic rather than ovate and the corolla white and

striped with lilac.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES

Dipteracanthus leucanthus Nees in Benth. Pl. Hartweg. 236. 1846. Type col-
lected at Guaduas, Province of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Represented in the
U. 8. National Herbarium by a photograph (Field Mus, No. 26597). This
appears to be Ruellia tubiflora H. B. K.

14. TELIOSTACHYA Nees

The synonym Lepidagathis Willd., given on page 112, is to be
deleted. It is a valid genus. ‘The intention above was Lepidagathis
sensu auctt. plur., non Willd.

2. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees. (Page 114.)

Meta: Rich soil of damp rocky woods on the banks of the Rfo Guatiqufa in
the vicinity of Villavicencio, Arague-M. & Barkley 18M.054 (US).
2a. Teliostachya lanceolata Nees var. crispa Nees. (Page 114.)

Mera: On stones on the bank of the Rfo Guapaya, Sierra de la Macarena,
Philipson, Idrobo & Fernéndez 1627a (BM).
3. Teliostachya petraea Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 114.) Figure 253

Herba, caulibus erectis, basi decumbentibus, in nodis radicantibus,
quadrangularibus, glabris vel aliquanto parce strigosis, internodiis
summo glanduloso-puberulis, pilis patulis; lamina foliorum lanceolata,
apice fere obtusa, basi cuneata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
integra, glabra vel pilis paucis praedita, supra obscure squamosa,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 697

cystolithis obscuris; spicae terminales cylindricae vel anguste ovoideae,
densae; bracteae lanceolatae vel oblanceolatae, acutae, glabrae vel
parce puberulae, pilis aliquis glandulosis; bracteolae lineari-lance-
olatae, parce puberulae, pilis glandulosis, costa prominente; calycis
segmenta inaequalia, segmentum posterius anguste oblongo-ovatum,
aristatum, parce puberulum, pilis glandulosis, costa et nervis lateral-
ibus prominentibus, segmenta anteriora et lateralia lineari-oblonga,
costa et nervis prominentibus, parce puberulis, pilis paucis glandulosis;
rhachis hirtella, pilis acutis et glandulosis intermixtis; corolla parva,
alba, glabra, labio superiore oblongo, apice emarginato, labio inferiore

Ficure 253.—Teliostachya petraea Leonard (Schultes 9 Cabrera 15342): a, Tip of plant;
b, portion of uppermost internode enlarged to show glandular pubescence; ¢, calyx;
d, bract; ¢, bractlet. (a, Natural size; b, 40 times natural size; c-e, 4 times natural

size.)

3-lobato, lobis suborbicularibus; stamina inclusa; capsulae cylindricae,
acutae, apice puberulae; semina plana, subbrunnea, glabra.

Herbs up to 20 cm. high; stems erect from procumbent rooting
bases, quadrangular, up to 1.25 mm. in diameter, glabrous or sparingly
strigose (the hairs up to 0.4 mm. long and upwardly appressed)
except the internode immediately below the spike, this, in addition
to the appressed acute hairs, more or less densely glandular-puberulent,
the glandular hairs spreading and up to 0.13 mm. long; leaf blades
lanceolate, up to 15 mm. long and 8 mm. wide (averaging 5 mm. in
width), obtuse at tip, cuneate at the base and decurrent on the petiole,
rather firm, entire, glabrous or bearing a few scattered ascending
hairs, the upper surface obscurely squamose, the costa and lateral

388179 —57——25

698 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

veins (4 or 6 pairs) barely prominent, the cystoliths obscure; spikes
terminal, up to 3.5 cm. long and 1 cm. broad, cylindric or narrowly
ovoid, usually rounded at tip, dense, the flowers solitary or in pairs,
the lowermost 1 or 2 nodes subtended by leaves, the others by bracts,
these lanceolate or oblanceolate, about 5 mm. long and 0.75 mm.
wide, firm, acute, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the costa and
lateral pair of nerves prominent; bractlets linear-lanceolate, 3.5 mm.
long, 0.25 mm. wide, acute, sparingly glandular-puberulent, the hairs
spreading or ascending, up to 0.11 mm. long; calyx segments unequal,
the posterior segment narrowly oblong-ovate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, aristate, the awns about 1 mm. long, sparingly glandular-
puberulent, the hairs similar to those of the bracts and bractlets, the
costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent, the anterior and lateral
segments (the anterior segments connate at base) linear-oblong, 5 mm.
long, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. wide, acute and minutely aristate, the costa and
a pair of lateral nerves prominent, the pubescence similar to that of
the posterior segment, the rachis hirtellous with a mixture of glandular
and acute spreading or ascending hairs up to 0.16 mm. long; corolla
white, glabrous, 6 to 7 mm. long, the upper lip oblong, 4.5 mm. long,
1.25 mm. wide at base, minutely bilobed at tip, the lower lip 3.5 mm.
long, 2 mm. wide, 3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, the middle lobe
1.5 mm. in diameter, the lateral pair about 1 mm.; capsules cylindric,
acute, puberulous at tip, otherwise glabrous, 4 mm. long, 1 mm.
broad, about 0.5 mm. thick; retinacula 0.5 mm. long; seed lenticular,
light brown, glabrous, about 1 mm. broad and long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2124583, collected on
quartzite rocks of falls at Raudal Yayacopi (La Playa), Rio Apaporis,
Amazonas-Vaupés, ‘‘800 feet”’ altitude, February 15, 1952, by Richard
Evans Schultes and Isidoro Cabrera (No. 15342).

Teliostachya petraea, when compared with other species of the
genus, can be easily separated by its glandular pubescence. The
specific epithet is from the Greek zerpaios, living on rocks.

PART II
15. NERIACANTHUS Benth.

S. Moore (Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 65: 221. 1927) reduced the genus
Neriacanthus to Salpinzantha Hooker (Bot. Mag. Curtis pl. 4158. 1845),
but I am inclined to regard the two as distinct. Neriacanthus has
dense spikes with large, closely imbricated, ascending bracts, and
corollas with narrow tubes abruptly expanding into a rather con-
spicuous limb. ‘These characters contrast strongly with those of
Salpinzantha, which has loose spikes with distant spreading flowers

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 699

subtended by minute bracts, and corollas with gradually expanded
tubes and relatively small lobes, which do not form a sharply dif-
ferentiated limb.

2. Neriacanthus lehmannianus (Lindau) Lindau. (Page 124.)

In the note on page 123 regarding the type of Neriacanthus lehmannianus
Lindau, I quoted Lindau in saying that Lehmann 7852 came from Ecuador; this
type collection was actually from Colombia, from the Andes west of Cali, in the
Department of El Valle, as cited below.

Cauca: Headwaters of the Rfo Pinche, west of Argelia, Core 1324 (US).
Timbiqui, upper Rio Mangii, Lehmann B. T. 449 (K). In dense forest, no
further data, Core 1322.

Ex Vays: Forest above La Cumbre, Pennell & Killip 5789 (KX). San Antonio,
Lehmann 2966 (K). Dense damp forest on the watershed of the west Andes of
Cali, Lehmann 7852 (K). Semishade in rainforest above Cali, Sandeman 140
(K).

WIiTHovT LocaLity: Langlassé 44 (K).

16. STENANDRIUM Nees

3. Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Ness. (Page 127.)

CuNDINAMARCA: La Boca del Monte, on the western edge of the highland of
Bogoté, Lehmann 6442 (K). Facatativd, André 665 (K).
4, Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees, (Page 127.) Fiaure 254

Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees, DC. Prodr. 11: 284. 1847. Type collected
at ‘‘Atures, Maypures’” by Humboldt. Atures is on the east bank of the
Rio Orinoco and in Territorio Federal of Amazonas, Venezuela, but Maypures
is located on the west bank several miles south of Atures in the Comisaria,
of Vichada in Colombia. Thus the exact type locality is uncertain.

EMENDED DESCRIPTION: Suffrutescent herbs up to 30 cm. high;
stems woody at base, 5 mm. in diameter (the internodes 1 to 2.5 cm.
long), decumbent, pilose, the upper part densely so, the hairs spreading,
about 1.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, up to 20 cm. long and 6.6 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate (the tip itself subacute), long-cuneate
at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, both surfaces
rather densely pilose, the hairs ascending, up to 1.25 mm. long, the
costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately prominent beneath,
less so above, the cystoliths not apparent; petioles (unwinged portion)
up to 3 cm. long, pilose; flowers borne in axillary spikes 3 to 4 cm.
long, becoming 6 to 8 cm. long at maturity, the spikes solitary or in
3’s, the lateral pair branching from the lowermost node of the spike
and shorter than the central spike, the peduncles up to 25 cm. long,
somewhat flattened toward tip, the pubescence moderately dense,
consisting of a mixture of long acute hairs up to 1 mm. long, minute
acute hairs up to 0.13 mm. long and slender gland-tipped ones up to
0.32 mm. long, all more or less spreading, the pubescence of the rachis
similar to that of the peduncles, the lowermost internode of the spike

700 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

up to 14 mm. long, the others successively shorter toward the tip of
the spike, the lowermost pair of bracts lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.5
mm. wide, the others similar in size but progressively smaller toward
tip of spike, all entire, acute (the tip itself blunt), the pubescence
similar to that of the peduncle, but with a predominance of the longer
acute hairs on the costa of the lower surface, the costa flanked by

Ficure 254.—Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees (Ewan 15622): a, Node with a leaf and
flower branch; b, portion of peduncle enlarged to show pubescence; c, one of the lower-
most bracts; d, bractlet; ¢, calyx; f, corolla; g, capsule valve; A, retinaculum; 1, seed.
(a, Half natural size; b, about 30 times natural size; c-e, about 3 times natural size;
f, 1% times natural size; g, about twice natural size; h, 10 times natural size; 1, 5
times natural size.)

several pairs of prominent parallel nerves, the bractlets lanceolate,
2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, acute, entire, puberulous; calyx regular,
about 4 mm. long, the segments lance-subulate, about 1.5 mm. wide
near base, gradually narrowed to a sharp apex, rigid, erect, strongly
ciliolate near tip, conspicuously parallel-nerved dorsally; corolla
glabrous, bright pink (Ewan), up to 18 mm. long, the tube narrowly
cylindrical, 15 mm. long, 2.25 mm. broad at base, rather abruptly
narrowed to 1 mm. just above base, expanding at throat to about 2
mm., the lobes subequal, obcordate, 6 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 701

rounded and emarginate at tip; stamens included; capsules ovoid,
8 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, 2 mm. thick, glabrous, yellowish, nitid,
bearing several irregular purple spots near tip of each valve; retinacula
about 2 mm. long, slender and cucullate at tip; seeds reddish-brown,
ovoid, oblique at base, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, 0.75 mm. thick,
obscurely and minutely papillose.

Stenandrium humboldtianum Nees is definitely caulescent, even
though Nees starts his description with the word “acaule.” The
photograph of Humboldt’s specimen in the Berlin Herbarium, the
specimen cited by Nees, shows, in addition to a flowering tip of a
plant, a section of stem (about 6 cm. long) with a pair of attached
leaves.

CuUNDINAMARCA; On moist shaded slope beneath trees in the valley of Quebrada
Chiniata, 7 km. east of Hilo, 2,480 meters altitude, May 1, 1944, Ewan 15622
(Tulane University Herb., US). La Maria, between the Quebradas La Marta
and La Victoria, Garcia-Barriga 12595 (Col).

17. APHELANDRA R. Br.
1. Aphelandra runcinata Klotzsch. (Page 135.)

ANTIogurA: Alto de Santa Elena, Medellin, Uribe-Uribe 1857 (US). Quebrada

Naranjal, tributary of the Rio Aures, Cordillera Central, Ewan 15732 (US).
Cunpinamarca: Rocky massif east of Santandercito, Uribe-Uribe 2115 (US).
WITHOUT LocaLity: Purdie (IK).

3a. Aphelandra grangeri Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 139.) Figure 255

Suffrutex spinosus, caulibus subteretibus, deorsum glabris, sursum
puberulis, pilis plus minusve appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuta vel subacuta, basi obtusa
vel rotundata, glabra, supra nitida, coriacea, serrato-dentata, dentibus
triangularibus, spina acuta terminatis, subtus costa et venis promi-
nentibus, supra obscuris; petioli breves, parce puberuli; bracteae
interpetiolares parvae, rhombicae, integrae vel dentatae, spinosae;
spicae terminales sessiles, rhache dense puberula; bracteae foliis
similes sed minores; bracteolae lanceolatae, acuminatae, costa spina
terminata, glabrae vel parce puberulae, ciliatae; calycis segmenta
lanceolata, acuminata, apice spina terminata, glabra vel parce pube-
rula, conspicue ciliata, costa prominente, nervis lateralibus pluribus;
corolla dense pubescens, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter
ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, lineari, apice bilobato, lobis oblongis,
rotundatis et emarginatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis suborbicula-
ribus; stamina vix exserta, antheris glabris, apice arachnoideis, fila-
mentis basi minute pilosis, sursum glabris; ovarium glabrum.

702 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Shrubs; stems glabrous, subterete, their tips puberulous, the
hairs more or less appressed, up to 0.25 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-
elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, up to 9 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, acute
or subacute, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous, nitid above, coria-
ceous, the margins serrate-dentate, the teeth triangular, 2 to 5 mm.
high, terminating in sharp spines up to 3 mm. long, the costa and
lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above;
petioles up to 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the

Ficure 255.—Aphelandra grangeri Leonard (Granger &9 Rodriguez-A 10): a, Leaf, b, spike;
c, bract; d, bractlet; ¢, one of the calyx segments; f, anther. (a, Natural size; b, two-
thirds natural size; c, 144 times natural size; d, ¢, twice natural size; f, 534 times natural
size.)

hairs similar to those of the stems; interpetiolar bracts small, rhombic
or suborbicular, up to 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, tipped by a
spine about 1.25 mm. long, sometimes bearing a pair of lateral spines
about 0.5 mm. long; flowers borne in terminal spikes up to 3.5 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad (the corollas excluded), sessile, the rachis
densely puberulous, the hairs similar to those of the stems, the lower-
most internode up to 8 mm. long, the others successively shorter
toward the tip of the spike; bracts resembling the leaf blades but

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 703

smaller, the lowermost about 3 cm. long and 10 mm. wide, the other
successively smaller toward tip of spike; bractlets lanceolate, up to
9 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide near the base, slenderly acuminate,
terminating in a spine about 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, except the margins, these ciliate, the hairs more or less
spreading, up to 0.5 mm. long; calyx segments lanceolate, 9 mm. long,
3 mm. wide near base, acuminate, terminated by a sharp spine about
0.5 to 1 mm. long, glabrous or bearing a few minute dorsal hairs, the
margins densely ciliate, the hairs more or less spreading, about 0.5
mm. long, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves numerous and rather
prominent; corolla 4 cm. long, rather densely pubescent, the hairs
spreading, up to 0.25 mm. long, the corolla tube 3 mm. broad at base,
enlarged to 4 mm. just above the base, then narrowed to 3 mm. at 1
cm. above base, thence enlarged to 7.5 mm. at throat, the upper lip
becoming erect, linear, about 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, bilobed at tip,
the lobes oblong, about 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, rounded and
emarginate at tip, the lower lip divided to base into 3 suborbicular
lobes, these 4 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, rounded; stamens reaching
the throat of the corolla, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad,
glabrous, the filaments minutely pilose at base, glabrous above;
style 3.5 cm. long, glabrous, the stigma cupular and fimbriate; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045423, collected on
the Finca Las Mercedes, near Silvia, Department of Cauca, Colombia,
3,300 meters altitude, 1943, by J. S. Granger and C. Rodriguez-A.
(No. 10). Isotype: US.

Aphelandra grangeri is related to A. euopla, which it closely re-
sembles, but from which it can, however, be readily separated by its
strongly ciliated calyx segments and bractlets. In A. euopla these
are at most only very sparingly ciliate. The color of the corolla is
not apparent in the dried material.

4, Aphelandra porphyrocarpa Leonard. (Page 140.)

EMENDED DESCRIPTION: Corolla yellow, densely pubescent (the
hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, more or less spreading), up to 5.5 em. long
from base to tip of upper lip, the tube funnelform, slightly ventricose,
6 mm. broad at base, narrowed gradually to about 4 mm. near the
middle, thence enlarged to 1 cm. at mouth, the upper lip erect, 2 to
2.5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide at base, 1 cm. wide at base of the 2 lobes,
these obovate, about 8 mm. long, 7 to 8 mm. wide near tip, rounded,
the lower lip more or less spreading, divided nearly to base into 3
obovate lobes 8 to 9 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, rounded, the longer
pair of stamens reaching nearly to tip of the upper lip, the anthers

704 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

of both pairs linear, about 7 mm. long and 2 mm. broad, these and the
filaments glabrous.

Hurua: Ravine in temperate forest, between Hacienda Balsillitas, Meta, and F1
Cedral, ‘9000 ft.” altitude, June 16, 1944, Elbert L. Little 8030 (US). Moist wet
soil of temperate forest at Hacienda Pensilvdnica, 15 km. east of Baraya, Cordil-
lera Oriental, ‘8100 ft.” altitude, June 24, 1944, Elbert L. Little No. 8135 (US)
4a. Aphelandra gilva Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 142.) FiaurE 256.

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum sub-
strigosis, pilis fere appressis; lamina foliorum late oblongo-lanceolata,
apice acuta, basi angustata, incisa, lobis triangularibus, ascendentibus,
marginibus serratis, apice spina acuta fulva armatis, supra glabra
vel parce hirtella, pilis praecipue in costa et venis positis, subtus
aliquanto dense hirtella, costa et venis lateralibus et venulis crasse
reticulatis utrinque aliquanto prominentibus; petioli crassi, parce
hirtelli; bracteae interpetiolares flabelliformes, spinis 4-7, acutis
fulvis armatae, bracteis et spinis deorsum parce hirtellis, spinis
apice vernicosis; spicae (maturae) longae terminales, solitariae,
angustae, deorsum plus minusve laxae, rhache hirtella, pilis appressis
vel ascendentibus; bracteae lanceolatae, graciliter acutae, apice
recurvatae (maturae), marginibus serratae, dentibus et apice spinis
armatae, glabrae vel parce hirtellae; bracteolae lanceolatae, apice
graciliter acutae, apice spina terminatae, integrae, minute ciliatae,
glabrae vel parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, gracili-
ter puberula et ciliolata, chartacea; corolla gilva, basi glabra vel
parce hirtella, sursum dense tomentosa, pilis fulvis, labio superiore
erecto vel leviter recurvato, obovato, bilobato, lobis ovatis, rotund-
atis, labio inferiore ascendente vel recurvato (maturo), profunde
trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus, rotundatis; stamina vix exserta,
antheris glabris, filamentis glabris vel basi parce pilosis; ovarium
glabrum.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or the upper portions
hirtellous, the hairs for the most part closely appressed, up to 0.7
mm. long; leaf blades broadly oblong-lanceolate in outline, up to 30
cm, long and 10 cm. wide (from tip to tip of lobes), acute at apex,
terminating in a yellowish spine 1.5 mm. long, gradually narrowed
from middle to a cuneate base, deeply incised, the lobes triangular,
ascending, up to 4 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide at base, acute and ter-
minated by spines up to 5 mm. long, the entire margin irregularly
serrate, the teeth triangular, the larger ones about 4 mm. long and
6 mm. wide, all terminated by sharp yellowish spines 1 to 4 mm. long,
the upper surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to
0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly to the costa and lateral veins (about
12 pairs), the lower surface drying light brownish, more densely

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 705

hirtellous, the hairs about 0.5 mm. long, confined mostly to the costa,
veins and veinlets, the latter coarsely reticulate, the hairs interspersed
with scattered small glandular particles, the venation rather promi-
nent beneath, less so above; petioles up to 2.5 cm. long and 3 mm.
thick, sparingly hirtellous; interpetiolar bracts flabelliform, armed
with 4 to 7 sharp ascending yellowish spines, the lowermost 1.5 mm.

Ficure 256.—Aphelandra gilva Leonard (Ewan 16501): a, Lower half of leaf blade; b, upper
half of same; c, lowermost node of spike; d, interpetiolar bract; e¢, bractlet; f, calyx
segment; g, corolla; A, upper lip of corolla; i, anther. (a, b, Half natural size; c, %
natural size; d, 6 times natural size; ¢, 3 times natural size; f, 3}4 times natural size;
g, h, 144 times natural size; i, 3 times natural size.)

long, the others increasing in length to 13 mm. for the middle one,
the surface of the bracts sparingly hirtellous except the glabrous
varnished tip of the spines; spikes terminal, solitary, up to 30 cm.
long at maturity, about 3 cm. broad, more or less lax toward base,
the rachis hirtellous with ascending or appressed hairs up to 0.6 mm.
long; bracts (mature) lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, slenderly
acute, terminated by a spine about 1 mm. long, the tip recurved at

706 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

maturity, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the margins armed with
spine-tipped teeth, the spines from 1 to 3 mm. long; bractlets lanceo-
late, 8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to a
slender tip, terminated by a spine 0.5 mm. long, the margins entire
and minutely ciliolate, the surface glabrous or sparingly hirtellous;
calyx segments lanceolate, 1 cm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, acute, finely
puberulous and ciliolate, chartaceous; corolla pale cream-yellow
(Ewan), about 3 cm. long, the tube densely yellowish-tomentose ex-
cept the basal portion, this glabrous or sparingly hirtellous with ap-
pressed hairs, the base 5 mm. broad, the mouth 6 mm. broad, the
upper lip erect or slightly recurved, obovate, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide
at base, 8 mm. wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes ovate, rounded, the
lower lip ascending, or recurved at maturity, 5 mm. long, 3-lobed,
the lateral lobes 4 mm. long and broad, the middle one somewhat
smaller, all rounded; stamens reaching or slightly exceeding the upper
lip of the corolla, the anthers 7.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, rounded at
each end, glabrous; filaments glabrous except a few small hairs at base;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045402, collected in
a heavy thicket near Rio Tellez, in the vicinity of Funes, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Narifio, Colombia, 2,600 meters altitude,
December 1, 1944, by Joseph A. Ewan (No. 16501). Isotype: US
2144296.

Aphelandra gilva is close to A. porphyrocarpa, but distinct from
this species in its acute calyx segments and incised leaf blades. In
A. porphyrocarpa the calyx segments are rounded, mucronate and
dentate at tip, and the leaf blades are shallowly incised. The specific
epithet gilva, pale yellow, alludes to the color of the corolla.

5. Aphelandra acanthus Nees. (Page 143.)

Cauca: Forests of El Tambo, von Sneidern 1512 (8).

Narifto: Sparsely wooded brushy ravine, Quebrada Panacual, 8 kilometers
south of Piedrancha, Rfo Guabo drainage, Fosberg 21113 (US).

Touma: Quindio, Holton 592 (K, NY); Purdie (K). Rosalito to Murillo, in
forest, Pennell 3132 (NY).

WItTHOovT LocaLity: Purdie (K).
7. Aphelandra huilensis Leonard. (Page 147.)

Totima: Rfo Hereje, near Albania, 2,000 meters altitude, November 20, 1944,
Core 1619 (US).
11, Aphelandra crispata Leonard. (Page 152.)

Purumayo: Mocoa and vicinity, Schultes & Cabrera 19093 bis.
15. Aphelandra botanodes Leonard. (Page 157.)

The type can be identified a little more definitely; it bears the
annotation ‘N. g. post 80 Lagochilium, no. 5,” which refers to the
Triana catalog, a typescript of which is in the possession of Dr.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 707

Cuatrecasas. This annotation indicates that Triana considered this
plant to belong to a new genus to be inserted after Acanthaceae genus
No. 80 [Lagochilium]; the “no. 5” indicates the species, which is
actually in the catalog No. 5 of Lagochilium. The Triana specimen
from San Pablo cited above as possibly the same species is Lagochilium
No. 6 of the catalog.

15a. Aphelandra andrei Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 157.) Figure 257

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, basi in nodis radicantibus, aliquanto
dense hirsutis, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus; lamina foliorum
oblonga, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata,
aliquanto membranacea, integra, utrinque pilosa, pilis ascendentibus
vel subappressis; petioli pilosi; inflorescentia terminalis, trifurcata,
spicis parvis, pedunculo gracili, plus minusve dense piloso, pilis sub-
appressis vel patulis, pedunculis secundariis quam spicis brevioribus,
dense pilosis, rhache dense hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus, albidis;
bracteae oblongae, apice acutae, basi angustatae, membranaceae,
integrae, utrinque hirtellae, pilis ascendentibus, marginibus ciliatae,
costa et nervis lateralibus gracilibus; bracteolae anguste lineares,
apice acuminatae, acutae, extus sursum dense pilosae, intus glabrae,
striato-nervatae; calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta, apice
minute puberula, deorsum glabra, striata-nervata; corolla deorsum
glabra, sursum aliquanto pubescens, pilis plus minusve curvatis,
ascendentibus, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, labio superiore bilobato,
lobis suborbicularibus emarginatis, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis
obcordatis; stamina vix exserta; ovarium apice hirsutum, deorsum
glabrum.

Herbs up to 30 cm. high, the stems ascending, rooting at the lower
nodes, rather densely hirsute, the hairs close and upwardly appressed
or on the upper portions of the stem ascending, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself obtuse), narrowed at base, rather thin, entire, both
surfaces moderately pilose, the hairs ascending to subappressed,
about 0.75 mm. long; petioles slender, up to 4 cm. long, more or less
pilose; spikes in 3’s terminating a slender peduncle 7 cm. long, this
rather densely pilose with hairs 0.75 mm. long, some of them more or
less spreading, others appressed, each spike about 1.5 cm. long and
1 cm. broad, borne on secondary densely pilose peduncles up to 7 mm.
long, the three spikes subtended by a pair of small leaves 18 mm. long
and 8 mm. wide, subobtuse and narrowed at base to a winged petiole
about 3 mm. long, the pubescence that of the stem leaves, the rachis
densely hirsute with ascending whitish hairs about 0.75 mm. long;
bracts thin, oblong, 7 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, acute at tip, nar-
rowed at base, thin, entire, both surfaces hirtellous, the hairs up to

708 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

0.5 mm. long, mostly ascending, the margins ciliate, the costa and
1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves slender; bractlets narrowly linear, 5.5
mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
the outer surface pilose, densely so toward the tip, the inner surface
glabrous, striate-nerved; calyx segments narrowly lanceolate, acute,
0.75 mm. wide, striate-nerved, minutely puberulous toward the tip;
corolla 18 mm. long, the lower half glabrous or nearly so, the upper
half rather densely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. long, more or
less curved, ascending, the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, enlarged over

Figure 257.—Aphelandra andrei Leonard (André 4661): a, Tip of plant; b, bracts ¢, bractlet;
d, calyx segment; ¢, ovary; f, lower lip of corolla; g, upper lip of same. (a, Half
natural size; b-d, 2% times natural size; ¢, 6 times natural size; f, g, 3 times natural
size.)

ovary to 2mm., then narrowed to 1.25 mm., thence gradually enlarged
to 4mm. at mouth, the upper lip about 3 mm. long and 4 mm. wide,
bilobed, the lobes 2 mm. long and wide, rounded and emarginate at
tip, the lower lip 4 mm. long, 3-lobed, the lobes obcordate, 2 mm. long
and wide, emarginate; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube;
ovary glabrous except the hirsute tip; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in shade of virgin forests at
San Ignacio, “Cordillera Orientalis Bogotensis,” Colombia, January
1876 by Edouard André (No. 4661).

Aphelandra andrei belongs to the Lagochilium group of Nees, plants
midway between Stenandrium and Aphelandra. It is probably near-
est to A. botanodes, as indicated by its small size, herbaceous habit,
and trifurcate inflorescences of 3 small spikes. It differs strikingly,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 709

however, from that species in its rather densely hirsute stems and
entire bracts.
16a. Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 158.) FiaurRE 258

Herba, caulibus erectis vel ascendentibus, subteretibus, dense
antrorse strigosis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtusa,
basi cuneata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel
undulata, parce hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, praecipue
in costa et venis subtus positis, venis subtus aliquanto prominentibus,
supra obscuris, petioli strigillosi; spica terminalis, pedunculis dense
strigillosis; bracteae conspicuae, subchartaceae, ovatae, apice acutae
et apiculatae, glabrae, deorsum integrae, sursum serratae, costa et
venis et venulosis crasse et conspicue reticulatis prominentibus;
bracteolae lanceolatae, subhyalinae, subchartaceae, acuminatae, car-
inatae, minute ciliolatae, obscure striato-nervatae; calycis segmenta
lanceolata, subhyalina, subchartacea, acuta, apice spinescentia, glabra
vel inconspicue ciliolata, graciliter striato-nervata; corolla flava, parce
et minute hirtella, labiis subaequalibus, labio superiore cuneato,
bilobato, lobis rotundatis, labio inferiore 3-lobato, lobis rotundatis;
stamina vix exserta, antheris glabris, apice arachnoideis, filamentis
parce pilosis; ovarium glabrum.

Herbs up to 35 cm. long; stems suberect or ascending, subterete,
strigose, the hairs upwardly directed, up to 0.25 mm. long, the
internodes up to 5 cm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 10 cm.
long and 4.5 cm. wide, subobtuse at tip, cuneate at base and decurrent
on the petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, sparingly hirsute,
the hairs appressed or ascending, up to 0.5 mm. long, confined chiefly
to costa and lateral veins (9 or 10 pairs), these and the coarsely
reticulate veinlets moderately prominent beneath, obscure above;
petioles up to 1.5 cm. long, appressed-hirtellous, the hairs resembling
those on the stem; spikes terminal, up to 3 cm. long and 1.5 to 2 cm.
broad (excluding spread of corollas), the peduncles about 2 mm. long,
densely sericeous-strigose, the bracts quadrifarious, subchartaceous,
ovate, up to 12 mm. long and 10 mm. wide at middle, the lower half
entire, the upper half serrate, the teeth (about 5) ascending, abruptly
acuminate from a broad base, about 1 mm. long, the tip of the bracts
acute and apiculate, the base broadly cuneate, both surfaces glabrous,
the costa and 1 or 2 pairs of lateral nerves prominent; veinlets coarsely
and prominently reticulate; bractlets lanceolate, subhyaline, sub-
chartaceous, 4.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide just above base, acuminate,
carinate, minutely ciliolate, the hairs ascending, the costa prominent
and bearing a few small hairs; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm. long,
subchartaceous and subhyaline, acute and terminating in weak spines
about 1 mm. long, glabrous or inconspicuously ciliolate, delicately
striate-nerved, the posterior segment about 2 mm. wide, the lateral

710 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

segments 1 mm. wide, the anterior ones 1.5 mm. wide; corolla yellow,
sparingly and minutely hirtellous, 2 cm. long, the tube 2 mm. wide at
base, narrowed to 1.25 mm. at 2mm. above base, the throat 4 to 5 mm.
broad, the lips ascending, about equal, 6 to 7 mm. long, the upper
lip cuneate, about 6 mm. wide near tip, bilobed, the lobes 3 mm. long,
3.5 mm. wide, rounded, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes obovate, about
5 mm. long, the middle one 6 mm. wide, the lateral ones 3.5 mm. wide,
all rounded; stamens slightly exserted but not exceeding the lips,

Ficure 258.—Aphelandra quadrifaria Leonard (Grant 9811): a, Tip of plant; }, bract; ¢,
bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, one of the anterior segments; f, one of the
lateral segments; g, upper lip of the corolla; h, lower lip. (a, Natural size; b-f, about
3 times natural size; g, h, about twice natural size.)

the anthers glabrous except the arachnoid cohering tips, the filaments
sparingly pilose; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, No. 2045431, collected in
subtropical forest in the San Antonio Valley, 15 km. southeast of
Gutiérrez and 60 km. south of Bogoté, Cordillera Oriental, Depart-
ment of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 1,575 meters altitude, August 2,
1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9811). Isotype: US 2144013.

The nearest relative of Aphelandra quadrifaria seems to be A.
silvicola, which it superficially resembles. That species has variegated

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 711

leaves and smaller bracts, these rather densely and softly appressed-
pubescent and with fewer teeth on their margins. The specific
epithet alludes to the 4-ranked bracts of the spikes.

Kalbreyer’s No. 1849, collected in forest shade on the Rio Verde,
Department of Antioquia, 4,500-5,000 feet altitude, June 27, 1880, is
also of this species. The following notes are on the Kalbreyer sheet:
“4-12 inch stem, repent, If. glossy green, thin; fl. bright yellow with
purple veinlets.”’
16b. Aphelandra fosbergii Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 158.) Ficure 259

Herba, caulibus subteretibus, ascendentibus, nodis infimis radicanti-
bus, hirsutis, pilis ascendentibus vel appressis, subbrunneis; lamina
foliorum oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter acuminata (apice ipso
subacuto), basi angustata in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma,
integra vel undulata, utrinque hirsuta, pilis subappressis vel as-

Ficure 259.—A phelandra fosbergii Leonard (Grant & Fosberg 9319): a, Tip of plant; b, bract;
c, bractlet; d, calyx segment; ¢, upper portion of corolla. (a, Half natural size; b-d,
twice natural size; ¢, slightly over natural size.)

cendentibus, subbrunneis, subtus costa et venis aliquanto prominenti-
bus, supra obscuris; petioli pilosi; spica terminalis solitaria, brevis,
rhache dense subbrunneo-pilosa; bracteae ovatae, herbaceae, acumina-
tac, intus glabrae vel basi parce hirsutae, extus hirsutae, pilis praecipue
in costa et venis positis, ciliatae; bracteolae anguste lanceolatae,
striato-nervatae, intus glabrae, extus hirsutae, pilis ascendentibus;
calycis segmenta anguste lanceolata, sursum hirsuta et ciliata,
deorsum glabra; corolla rosea, parce et minute pubescens, tubo
anguste hypocrateriformi, labiis subaequalibus, ascendentibus, labio
superiore obcordato, labio inferiore trilobato, lobis suborbicularibus,
rotundatis; stamina inclusa; ovarium glabrum.

712 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Herbs up to 30 cm. high; stems subterete, ascending, rooting at
the lower nodes, hirsute, the hairs ascending or spreading, light
brown, up to 1.5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 6.5 cm.
long and 2 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself subacute), nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm, entire
or undulate, both surfaces hirsute, the hairs up to 1.25 mm. long,
ascending or subappressed, light brownish, the costa and lateral veins
(about 6 pairs) more or less prominent beneath (hidden somewhat by
the pubescence), obscure above; petioles about 0.5 cm. long, pilose,
the hairs similar to those of the stem; spikes terminal, solitary, about
1.5 cm. long and broad, the rachis densely brownish pilose; bracts
ovate, herbaceous, 2 cm. long and 16 mm. wide (at least the lower-
most pair), acuminate, the margins ciliate (hairs up to 1 mm. long)
and bearing about 4 slender ascending teeth up to (the lowermost)
4 mm. long, the upper or inner surface glabrous or sparingly hirsute
at base, the lower or outer surface hirsute, the hairs mostly borne
in the costal region but diminishing toward the margins; bractlets
narrowly lanceolate, 12.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, striate-nerved,
the inner surface glabrous, the outer hirsute, the hairs up to 1.5 mm.
long, ascending; calyx 12 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceolate,
the upper half hirsute and ciliate, the lower half glabrous, in other
respects resembling the bractlets; corolla rose, sparingly and minutely
pubescent, 22 mm. long, narrowly hypocrateriform, the lower part
of the tube about 1 mm. broad, the mouth 2.5 mm. broad, the lips
subequal, about 8 mm. long, ascending, the upper obcordate, about
6 mm. wide, the lower 3-lobed, the lobes suborbicular, about 3 mm.
long, the middle one 4 mm. wide, the lateral 3 mm. wide, all rounded;
stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube, the anthers about
1.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous, tipped by a few straight erect white
hairs about 0.38 mm. long; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2059099, collected in
temperate forest at San Isidro, 8 km. south of Gachala, Cordillera
Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, 2,450 meters
altitude, May 26, 1944, by Martin L. Grant and F. R. Fosberg
(No. 9319).

Aphelandra fosbergii is nearest A. silvicola. In that species,
however, the leaf blades have colored veins and the teeth of the
bracts are all low instead of sharp and slender.
20a. Aphelandra phalacra Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 166.) Fiaurn 260

Herba, caulibus ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus; folia reflexa,
lamina foliorum oblonga, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso vel
rotundato), basi angustata, glabra; spica terminalis sessilis: rhachis
glabra; bracteae erectac vel ascendentes, lanceolatae, glabrae vel
minute et inconspicue papilloso-puberulae, costa et nervis lateralibus

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 713

conspicuis; bracteolae paucae, subulatae, carinatae, glabrae; calycis
segmenta lanceolata, acuminata, apice tenuia, glabra, striato-nervata,
costa prominente; corolla pubescens, pilis plus minusve patentibus;
stamina vix exserta; ovarium glabrum vel apice minute hirsutum.

Herbs; stems ascending, subquadrangular, glabrous; leaves reflexed,
the blades oblong, up to 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
(the tip itself obtuse or rounded), narrowed at base, glabrous; petioles
up to 2 cm. long, glabrous; spike solitary, terminal, sessile, 5 cm.

Ficure 260.—Aphelandra phalacra Leonard (Jervise s. n.): a, Tip of plant; b, bract; ¢,
bractlet; d, calyx segment; ¢, ovary. (a, Half natural size, b-d, twice natural size; e¢, 3
times natural size.)

long and 10 mm. wide (if bracts are not spreading), the rachis glabrous;
bracts lanceolate, 2 cm. long, 6.25 mm. wide near the middle, 3 mm.
at base, minutely dentate, glabrous or very minutely and incon-
spicuously papillose, puberulous, the costa and a pair of lateral
nerves prominent, several additional pairs less so; bractlets subulate,
4 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide at base, carinate, the costa prominent,
glabrous; calyx segments lanceolate, 7 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide
at base, narrowed to a fine slender tip, glabrous, the costa prominent,
888179—57——26

714 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

striate-nerved; corolla pubescent, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, more
or less spreading, the tube about 2 mm. broad at base, 5 mm. broad
at mouth; stamens slightly exserted, glabrous at least above; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in Antioquia, Colombia, by
W. Jervise.

Aphelandra phalacra is very closely related to A. lonchochlamys
and may be merely a form of that species. It differs in being strictly
glabrous in all parts except for a very minute and inconspicuous
papillar puberulence sometimes present on the bracts. The leaf
blades are relatively shorter and broader.

The specific epithet is from the Greek ¢adaxpés, meaning smooth.

The flowers are too poorly preserved to describe the lips; their
color is not apparent in the dried material.

27. Aphelandra lamprantha Leonard. (Page 178.)

Meta: Dense humid forest of Plaza Bonita, Sierra de la Macarena, 400 meters
altitude, November 14, 1949, Philipson, Idrobo & Fernandez 1419 (BM).
28. Aphelandra lasia Leonard. (Page 181.)

CUNDINAMARCA: Woods east of Guaduas, 1,100 meters altitude, June 1952,
Uribe-Uribe 2337 (US).

30. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. (Page 185.)

Meta: Woods along the Rfo Casanare, at Esmeralda, Cuatrecasas 3810 (Col).

Vaupts: Calamar, on the Rfo Unilla, Cuatrecasas 7339 (Col).
34a. Aphelandra diachyla Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 191.) Ficure 261

Herba, caulibus glabris subquadrangularibus; lamina foliorum
oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso rotundato), basi an-
gustata, costa et venis aliquanto obscuris, cystolithis obscuris vel
nullis; petioli glabri; racemi terminales vel subterminales, laxi,
pedunculo longo, glabro, rhachibus parce et minute hirtellis, floribus
sessilibus; bracteae oblanceolatae, acutae (apice ipso obtuso), glabrae,
venis obscuris; bracteolae anguste triangulares, parvae, glabrae,
venis obscuris; calycis segmenta lanceolata, apice acuta, striato-
nervata, apice minute et parce hirtella et ciliolata; corolla glabra,
tubo angusto, lobis obovatis, apice obtusis; stamina inclusa; ovarium
glabrum.

Herbs; stems glabrous, subquadrangular; leaf blades oblanceolate,
up to 21 cm. long and 5.8 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself
1 mm. wide and rounded), gradually narrowed from above middle to
base, moderately firm, entire, both sides glabrous, the costa and veins
(8 to 10 pairs) scarcely prominent, cystoliths obscure or lacking;
petioles up to 15 mm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, glabrous; panicles
terminal or subterminal, about 12 cm. long and 6 cm. broad, the inter-
node between the 2 pairs of branches 3.5 cm. long, the peduncle 8 cm.
long, 1.75 mm. thick, the flowers solitary and sessile in the axils of

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 715

the bracts, the lower internodes of the flower-bearing branches 5 to
19 mm. long, the peduncles glabrous, the rachises sparingly and
minutely pubescent, the hairs up to 0.06 mm. long, ascending;
bracts oblanceolate, up to 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, narrowed
from above the middle to a small obtuse tip, glabrous, the veins ob-
scure; bractlets narrowly triangular, 2.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at
base, gradually narrowed to tip, ciliolate, the hairs 0.06 mm. long,

b isa

Ficure 261.—A phelandra diachyla Leonard (Triana s. n.): a, Node and leaf; b, inflorescence;
¢, corolla; d, bract; ¢, bractlet; f, calyx segment. (a, Half natural size; b, two-thirds
natural size; c, twice natural size; d, 24 times natural size; ¢, 7 times natural size; f, 5
times natural size.)

the flat surfaces glabrous, the costa and a pair of nerves conspicuous
through transmitted light; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate,
1.25 mm. wide near base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, striate-
nerved, minutely and sparingly hirtellous and ciliolate at tip, other-
wise glabrous, conspicuously striate-nerved through transmitted light;
corollas glabrous, up to 2 cm. long (from base of tube to tip of corolla
lobes), the tube 11.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad at base, slightly en-

716 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

larged over the ovary, narrowed to 0.75 mm. near tip, the mouth
2.5 mm. broad, the corolla lobes obovate, 7 mm. long and 3 mm. wide,
obtuse at tip, delicately nerved; stamens included, 2 mm. long, the
filaments slender, 0.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected at San Pablo, Intendencia
of Choc6, Colombia, 100 meters altitude, March 1853, by J. Triana.
Isotype: Col.

On page 157 above, I referred this collection to Aphelandra botanodes,
but it differs in the more open inflorescence and in the entire, more
distant bracts. The specific epithet is from the Greek é.dxvdos,
meaning succulent.

36. Aphelandra lasiophylla. (Page 193.)

The type can be more definitely identified by the number “4074-10,”
which appears on the label. In the typescript of the Triana catalog
this appears (by error?) as 4072-10.”
36a. Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 193.) Fiaure 262

Suffrutex, caulibus dense pilosis, pilis sordidis, patulis vel ascen-
dentibus; lamina foliorum oblonga, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
subobtuso), basi angustata, firma, integra, pilosa, pilis sordidis, pat-
ulis vel ascendentibus, praccipue in costa et venis positis; petioli
dense pilosi; spicae 1 vel 3, terminales et laterales, pedunculis longis,
dense pilosis, pilis sordidis, rhache aliquanto pilosa, excavata; brac-
teae lanceolatae, subacutae, deorsum et apice pilosae, pilis ascen-
dentibus, obscure nervatae; bracteolae lanceolatae, parce pilosae,
ciliatae, graciliter nervatae; calycis segmenta aequalia, acuta, glabra
vel apice parce et graciliter ciliolata, striato-nervata; corolla auran-
tiaca, deorsum glabra, sursum graciliter pubescens, tubo aliquanto
anguste infundibuliformi, labio superiore erecto, ovato, subacuto,
labio inferiore erecto vel patulo, 3-lobato, lobis lanceolatis, acutis;
stamina exserta, antheris et filamentis glabris; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs; stems subquadrangular, densely pilose, the hairs sordid,
spreading or ascending, up to 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, up to
7 cm. long and 2.2 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself subobtuse),
narrowed at base, firm, entire, pilose, the hairs spreading or ascending,
sordid, confined chiefly to costa and lateral veins (about 10 pairs),
these rather prominent beneath but obscure above; petioles up to 1
cm. long, densely pilose; spikes usually 3, terminal and subterminal,
up to 4 cm. long and 2 cm. broad (excluding corollas), the peduncle
of the terminal spike about 1 cm. long, those of the lateral spikes 3
to 4 cm. long, all densely and sordidly pilose, the hairs spreading or
ascending, the rhachis moderately pilose, furrowed; bracts lanceolate,
16 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, subacute, the lower half pilose with ascend-
ing hairs up to 2 mm. long, the upper half becoming glabrous just

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 717

below the tip, ciliate, obscurely nerved; bractlets lanceolate, 9 mm.
long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute, sparingly pilose dorsally, ciliate, delicately
nerved; calyx 8 mm. long, the posterior segment 3 mm. wide, the
anterior segments 1.5 mm. wide, the lateral segments 1 mm. wide,
all acute, glabrous, finely ciliolate at tip, striate-nerved; corolla
orange, the lower part glabrous, the upper part finely pubescent (the
hairs mostly up to 0.5 mm. long), 4 cm. long from base of tube to tip
of upper lip, the tube narrowly funnelform, 2.5 mm. broad at base,

Ficure 262.—Aphelandra pinarotricha Leonard (Grant, Killip & Fosberg 9124): a, Tip of
plant; b, bract; c, bractlet; d, posterior calyx segment; ¢, an anterior segment of the
calyx; f, a lateral segment; g, corolla lips; h, anther. (a, Natural size; -g, about twice
natural size; h, 3 times natural size.)

4 to 5 mm. broad at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, 4 mm. wide at
base, 6 mm. wide at middle, subacute, the lower lip 17 mm. long,
5 mm. wide at base, erect to spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe lance-
olate, 12 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide just below middle, acute, the lateral
lobes linear, 10 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, acute; stamens exserted 12
mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla, the anthers 4.5 mm. long,
0.75 mm. broad, acute at both ends, glabrous, the filaments glabrous;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

718 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045424, collected in
temperate forest between Sibaté and Fusagasugé, 35 km. southwest
of Bogota, Cordillera Oriental, Department of Cundinamarca,
Colombia, 2,650 meters altitude, April 30, 1944, by Martin L. Grant,
KE. P. Killip, and F. R. Fosberg (No. 9124).

Aphelandra pinarotricha is somewhat like A. phlogea from the De-
partment of Magdalena, but that species has a glandular pubescence,
and much larger leaves, flowers and bracts. Its stems are glabrous.
The specific epithet is from the Greek mivapés, sordid, and @pit, hair.

37. Aphelandra conformis Leonard. (Page 195.)

CuNDINAMARCA: Forest above El Colegio, La Mesa, 6,000 ft. altitude, April 8,
1917, Mrs. Tracey 152 (K).
41. Aphelandra arisema Leonard. (Page 202.)

The isotype in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano bears the anno-
tation “80. Lagochilium, no. 2,” which identifies it with the entry in
the Triana catalog.

Cauca: Marshy jungle, Gorgona Island, Collenette 630 (K).

43. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii Leonard. (Page 205.)
Ex Vatie: Quebrada La Brea, near Cérdoba, Core 1558 (US).

46. Aphelandra pilosa Leonard. (Page 211.)

Vaupts: Circasia, sandy savannah with quartzite base along the Rfo Vaupés,
“about 800 feet’? altitude, November 1951, Schultes& Cabrera 19633 (US).
Savannah of Yapobodd, along the Rfo Kuduyarf (tributary to the Rfo Vaupés),
“700-800 ft.”’ altitude, Nov. 18, 1952, Schultes, Baker & Cabrera 18455 (US).
49a. Aphelandra grantii Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 218.) FiqureE 263

Frutex vel arbor parva, caulibus subteretibus, sursum pilosis, pilis
albidis appressis, deorsum glabratis; lamina foliorum oblongo-ovata
vel oblongo-obovata, breviter sed graciliter acuminata, basi cuneata
et in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel leviter undulata,
glabra vel parce hirsuta, pilis appressis vel ascendentibus, nitida,
subtus costa et venis lateralibus prominentibus, supra obscuris;
petioli glabri vel parce hirsuti; spicae plures, terminales, pedunculis
ascendentibus, appresso-hirsutis, pilis albidis; rhachis dense albo-
floccosa; bracteae ovatae, subacutae, coriaceae, marginibus scariosis,
parce ciliatis, costa et nervis lateralibus aliquanto prominentibus;
ocelli plures, elliptici, nitidi, brunnei; bracteolae anguste ovatae,
acutae, plus minusve falcatae, carinatae, carina dense albo-floccosa,
in margine glabrae, ciliatae; calyx glaber vel apice parce puberulus,
graciliter striatus, segmento posteriore ovato, subacuto, segmentis
lateralibus oblongis, apice truncatis et apiculatis, parce ciliatis,
segmentis anterioribus oblongo-ovatis, acutis, parce ciliatis; corolla
cinnabarina, papilloso-puberula, base glabra, tubo hypocrateriformi,
leviter curvato et ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, bilabiato, lobis

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 719

anguste triangularibus, acuminatis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo
leviter curvato et ventricoso, labio superiore erecto, bilabiato, lobis
lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, cum labio superiore basi connatis;
stamina vix exserta, antheris glabris vel apice arachnoideis, filamentis
sursum glabris, deorsum hirtellis; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs up to 5 meters high; stems subterete, pilose, the hairs
white, closely appressed, up to 0.5 mm. long, the lower portions of the
stems glabrate; leaf blades oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, up to 23

Ficure 263.—A phelandra grantii Leonard (Grant 10363): a, Tip of plant; b, leaf; ¢, bract;
d, bractlet; ¢, posterior segment of calyx; f, one of the anterior segments of the calyx;
g, tip of corolla; h, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence. (a, g, Natural
size; b, half natural size; cf, about 4 times natural size; h, about 50 times natural size.)

cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, somewhat abruptly but slenderly acumi-
nate, cuneate at base and decurrent on the petiole, moderately firm,
entire or slightly undulate, glabrous or very sparingly hirsute with
appressed or ascending hairs up to 0.5 mm. long, the costa and main
lateral nerves (about 12 pairs) prominent beneath, obscure above,
the upper surface more or less nitid; petiole (unwinged portion) up
to 3 cm. long, glabrous or sparingly hirsute, the hairs similar to those
of the blades; spikes several (5 or 7), borne in a terminal paniculate

720 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

inflorescence, up to 5 cm. long and 11 mm. broad, the peduncles
ascending, about 2 cm. long, appressed-hirsute, the hairs about 0.5
mm. long, whitish, the lowermost nodes of the inflorescence producing
leaves similar to those of the stem but somewhat smaller, the peduncles
bearing at their tips a pair of lanceolate acuminate appressed-hirsute
bracts 5.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, and sometimes just below these a
pair of small narrow leaves about 12 mm. long and 2 mm. wide;
rachis densely white-floccose; bracts subtending the flowers ovate,
6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide just below the middle, subacute, coria-
ceous, glabrous or essentially so, the margins scarious and sparingly
ciliate, the costa and 2 pairs of lateral nerves rather prominent;
ocelli usually 5, elliptic, up to 0.32 mm. long and 0.16 mm. wide,
nitid, brown; bractlets narrowly ovate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, acute,
somewhat falcate, carinate, dorsally white-floccose, except the thin
nearly glabrous ciliate margins; calyx 6 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous at tip, the posterior segment ovate, 2.5 mm. wide just
below the middle, subacute, essentially glabrous, finely striate, the
lateral segments oblong, 1.5 mm. wide, truncate and apiculate, finely
striate, glabrous, inconspicuously ciliate at tip, finely striate, the an-
terior segments oblong-ovate, 2 mm. wide, acute, sparingly ciliate at
tip, finely striate; corolla orange-scarlet, 4.5 cm. long, papillose-
puberulous except base and the subscarious margins of the upper lip,
the tube 4.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed at 8 mm. above base to 1.5
mm., thence enlarged to 8 mm. at throat, the tube slightly curved and
ventricose, the upper lip erect, 14 mm. long, 2-lobed, the lobes narrowly
triangular, 4.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acuminate, the lower
lip usually recurved or coiled, lanceolate, about 15 mm. long and 5
mm. wide above base, slenderly acuminate, the lateral lobes adnate
to the upper lip, the free portions triangular, about 0.5 mm. long and
broad; stamens exserted 5 mm. beyond the mouth of the corolla tube,
the anthers 4 mm. long, 1 mm. wide near base, acute and minutely
arachnoid at tip, puberulous dorsally, the filaments hirtellous toward
the base, the upper portions glabrous; ovary glabrous; capsules
not seen,

Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, No. 2045433, collected in
subtropical forest at Cafio de la Muerta, in the Gazaunta Valley,
15 km. northwest of Medina, Department of Cundinamarca, Colom-
bia, 1,950 meters altitude, October 4, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No.
10363). Isotype: US.

Aphelandra grantii is closely related to A. parvispica. Its leaf
blades are larger than those of A. parvispica, reaching 23 em. in
length and 6.5 cm. in width, whereas those of A. parvispica do not
exceed 19 cm. in length or 5 cm. in width. The color of the corolla
is orange-scarlet, in contrast with the red flowers of A. parvispica,

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 721

and the stems, especially the upper portions, are noticeably pilose
instead of being essentially glabrous. Its spikes are broader and the
ocelli are relatively large and conspicuous under a lens; in A. parvispica
the ocelli are small or even lacking.

51. Aphelandra barkleyi Leonard. (Page 223.)

Mera: Between Acacias and San Martin, 430 meters, July 28, 1946, Uribe-

Tribe 1319 (Col).

Touma: “Andes de Mariquita,” Quindfo, Triana s.n. (K).
55. Aphelandra trianae Leonard. (Page 232.)

The holotype bears only the notation ‘New Granada, Dr.
J. Triana’; the data cited on page 232 come from the isotype specimen
in the Herbario Nacional Colombiano.

57. Aphelandra macrophylla Leonard. (Page 237)

Aphelandra tetragona Nees B grandis Nees (DC. Prodr. 11: 295.
1847), based on Moritz 1272 from Mérida, Venezuela, is a synonym
of this species. A specimen in the Kew Herbarium, collected by
Moritz (no data) is probably his No. 1272.

Norvte DE SANTANDER: Ocafia, Schlim 258 (KK).

Witnovt Locauity: Triana (K).
57a. Aphelandra coccinantha Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 237.) FIGuRE 264

Frutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis subbrunneis,
appressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata,
basi acuta, firma, integra vel undulata, supra parce hirsuta, subtus
aequaliter et aliquanto dense hirsuta, pilis ascendentibus vel ap-
pressis, subbrunneis, costa et venis lateralibus et venulis crasse
reticulatis prominentibus, supra obscuris; petioli aliquanto longi et
crassi, hirtelli, pilis appressis; spicae multae, ternae, paniculam
magnam terminalem ferentes, pedunculis pubescentibus, pilis ap-
pressis vel subtomentosis, rhache floccosa, pilis brunneis; bracteae
ovatae, glabrae, basi et marginibus tomentosae, ciliatae; ocelli terni,
prominentes; bracteolae minutae, lineari-lanceolatae, glabrae, sub-
hyalinae; calycis segmenta striato-nervata, glabra vel apice parce
ciliolata, segmentum posterius ovatum, subobtusum, segmenta later-
alia et anteriora lanceolata, subacuta; corolla coccinea, papilloso-
puberula, basi glabra excepta, tubo anguste hypocrateriformi, leviter
curvato et subventricosa, labio superiore erecto, ovato, bilobato, lobis
triangularibus, acutis, labio inferiore trilobato, lobo medio lanceolato,
recurvato, graciliter acuminato, intus puberulo, lobis lateralibus parvis,
triangularibus, subobtusis, cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina
vix exserta, antheris utrinque acutis, glabris vel apice arachnoideis,
filamentis basi hirtellis, sursum glabris; ovarium glabrum.

Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems subquadrangular, puberulous, the
hairs upwardly appressed, up to 0.32 mm. long, brownish; leaf blades

722 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

oblong-elliptic, up to 22 cm. long and 10.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
acute at base, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface
sparingly hirsute, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, the lower surface rather
densely and evenly hirsute, the hairs ascending or appressed, about
0.5 mm. long, light brownish, the costa, lateral veins (18 to 20 pairs)

Ficure 264.—A phelandra coccinantha Leonard (Fosberg 19131): a, Node with basal portion
of leaf blade; b, tip of leaf blade; c, lowermost node of inflorescence showing a branch
with 3 spikes; d, bract; ¢, ocelli; f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; h, one of a pair
of anterior calyx segments; 7, one of a pair of lateral calyx segments; 7, tip of corolla;
k, upper lip of corolla spread to show detail. (a-c, Half natural size; d, f-1, 3 times
natural size; ¢, 10 times natural size; 7, about 144 times natural size; k, twice natural
size.)

and coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent beneath, obscure above;
petioles up to 4 mm. long and 2 or 3 mm. thick, the pubescence that
of the stems; spikes numerous, in 3’s, forming a terminal panicle about
25 cm. long and 12 cm. broad, the peduncles up to 4 cm. long, the
secondary peduncles 8 to 10 mm. long, all closely appressed-pubescent

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 723

or subtomentose, the rachis floccose, the hairs brown; bracts reddish-
green (Fosberg), ovate, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, subacute, coriaceous,
tomentose, the margins tomentose-ciliate, the glands in groups of
three, elliptic, brown, well-defined, 0.46 mm. long, 0.16 mm. wide;
bractlets linear-lanceolate, 2.5 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide, subobtuse,
glabrous, subhyaline, the posterior calyx segment ovate, 7 mm. long,
3 mm. wide near base, ciliolate toward tip, otherwise glabrous, striate-
nerved, subobtuse, lateral segments lanceolate, 1 mm. wide, the an-
terior segments lanceolate and 1.5 mm. wide, subacute, in other
respects resembling the posterior segment; corolla scarlet, 4 to 5 cm.
long, papillose-puberulent except the glabrous base, the corolla tube
1.5 mm. broad at base, slightly enlarging over the ovary, 8 mm. broad
at mouth, the lips 12 mm. long, the upper lip erect with acuminate
recurved tips, ovate, 7 mm. wide near base, the terminal lobes tri-
angular, finely pilose on inner surface, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide at
base, the middle lobe of the lower lip recurved, lanceolate, 4.5 mm.
wide at middle, slenderly acuminate, puberulous on the inner surface,
the lateral segments small, subtriangular, subobtuse, adnate to the
lowermost part of the upper lip; stamens nearly reaching the tip of
the upper lip, the anthers 4.5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, acute at both
ends, arachnoid dorsally, otherwise glabrous, the filaments hirtellous
at base, glabrous toward tip; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045405, collected on
forested hill east of the Rio Valegré and south of Quebrada Valegra,
in the Municipio of Chitagi, Department of Norte de Santander,
Colombia, 2,000 meters altitude, November 16, 1942, by F. R. Fosberg
(No. 19181).

Alphelandra coccinantha would follow A. macrophylla in the key.
It differs, however, from that species in its relatively shorter leaf
blades, these evenly and rather densely hirsute beneath instead of
glabrous or subglabrous. In A. macrophylla, furthermore, the panicles
are smaller and the spikes are noticeably shorter and thicker, and,
lastly, the corollas are orange-red instead of scarlet asin A. coccinantha.

The specific epithet is from the Greek kdkkwvos, scarlet, and dros,
flower.

60. Aphelandra incarnata Leonard. (Page 243.)

Antroquta: Dense forests around Savaletas, 200-500 meters altitude, Lehmann
7845 (K).

Coun aManca: San Antonio, 200 meters altitude, June 14, 1948, Haught
6243 (US).
60a. Aphelandra trichota Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 244.) Fiaure 265

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, dense _hirsutis, pilis
patulis vel retrorse subappressis; lamina foliorum oblongo-obovata,
apice breviter acuminata (apice ipso subobtuso), basi cuneata, in

724 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

petiolum decurrens, aliquanto firma, integra vel undulata, supra
parce hirsuta, subtus dense hirsuta, pilis patulis vel ascendentibus,
costa et venis prominentibus; petioli breves, dense hirsuti; spicae 1
vel 3, terminales, sessiles vel subsessiles, magnae et longae, rhache
glabra vel puberula; bracteae obovatae, apice obtusae et apiculatae,
subchartaceae, glabrae, striato-nervatae; bracteolae lanceolatae, basi
subcarinatae, apice acutae, pilosae, pilis appressis, striato-nervatae ;
calycis segmenta glabra vel apice parce puberula et ciliata, striato-

Figure 265.—A phelandra trichota Leonard (Fosberg &F Fassett 21809): a, Node with basal
portion of leaf; b, tip of leaf blade; c, leaf, reduced to show shape; d, bract; e, ocellus;
f, bractlet; g, posterior calyx segment; A, an anterior segment; 7, a lateral segment.
(a, b, Half natural size; c, about % natural size; d, natural size; ¢, about 40 times natural
size; f-7, twice natural size.)

nervata, segmentum superiorus ovatum, subobtusum, segmenta
inferiora lanceolata; corolla ignota; capsulae obtusae, glabrae, minute
punctatae, nitidae; retinacula linearia, apice rotundata et cucullata;
semina brunnea, obovata, glabra vel apice minute puberula.

Shrubs up to 2 meters tall; stems subquadrangular, densely hirsute,
the hairs spreading or retrorsely subappressed, up to 1.5 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong-obovate, up to 36 cm. long and 12 cm. wide, short-
acuminate at tip (the tip itself subobtuse), cuneate at base and

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 725

decurrent on the petiole, rather firm, entire or undulate, the upper
surface sparingly hirsute, the lower rather densely so, the hairs spread-
ing or ascending, up to 1.5 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about
16 pairs) prominent on the lower surface, obscure on the upper;
petioles (unwinged portion) stout, 5 to 10 mm. long, densely hirsute;
spikes terminal, solitary or in 3’s, sessile or subsessile, up to 45 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. broad, the rachis glabrous to puberulous with sub-
appressed hairs up to 0.28 mm. long; bracts obovate, up to 30 cm.
long and 13 mm. wide between middle and tip, obtuse and minutely
apiculate, chartaceous, orange-red (Fosberg & Fassett), glabrous,
striate-nerved, the nerves becoming reticulate toward margin; ocelli
numerous, minute (the larger about 0.32 mm. long and 0.25 mm.
wide), confined in an irregular oval area about 3 mm. long and 1.5
mm. wide; bractlets lanceolate, subcarinate, 1 cm. long, 3 mm. wide
near base, thence gradually narrowed to an acute tip, appressed-
pilose, striate-nerved; calyx 1 cm. long, the posterior segment ovate,
5 mm. wide near base, subobtuse, the anterior segments lanceolate,
3 mm. near base, acute, the lateral segments lanceolate, 2.5 mm.
wide near base, acute and apiculate, all glabrous or sparingly puberul-
ous and ciliolate, striate-nerved; corollas not seen; capsules 13 mm.
long, 6 mm. broad, about 4 mm. thick, obtuse and minutely punctate,
glabrous, nitid; retinacula linear, 3.5 mm. long, rounded and cucullate
at tip; seeds brown, obovate, 4.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, 1.75 mm.
thick, glabrous or the upper margin rather minutely puberulous.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045416, collected in
thick forest on steep slope at Jord4n, on the north side of the Cuchillo
de Los Micos, 20 km. north-northwest of Velez, 8 km. south-southeast
of Landazuri, Department of Santander, Colombia, 1,100 meters
altitude, April 17, 18, 1944, by F. R. Fosberg and N. C. Fassett (No.
21809). Isotype: US 2144298.

Aphelandra trichota can be recognized by its densely hirsute stems,
large leaves, hirsute on the lower surface, and large spikes. The specific
epithet is from the Greek rprxwrés, meaning beset with hairs.

61. Aphelandra sericantha Leonard. (Page 246.)

The type specimen can be identified a little more definitely by the
number “4074-1” appearing on the label; in the Triana catalog, this
appears as ‘4072-1,’”’ perhaps by error.

62. Aphelandra hartwegiana Nees. (Page 248.)
DeparTMENT (?): Playa, Lehmann 9047 (K).

726 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

66. Aphelandra sericophylla Leonard. (Page 255.)

The type can be identified a little more accurately by the number
appearing on the label, namely “4074-5”; in the Triana catalog this
appears (by error?) as “4072-5.”

CunpinaMArca: Hacienda Cucharo, between Tocaima and Pubenza, 1,000
meters altitude, April 14, 1952, Uribe-Uribe 2308 (US).

68. Aphelandra crenata Leonard. (Page 261.)

Antioquia: Urabd4, 100 meters altitude, January 17, 1947, Uribe-Uribe 1502
(Col).

69. Aphelandra glabrata Willd. ex Nees. (Page 262.)

Totima: Along stream east of Chaparral, about 38 km. on road to Coyaima,
Cordillera Central, S. Galen Smith 1314 (US).
70a. Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard, sp. nov. (Page 265.) FIaurE 266

Suffrutex, caulibus subquadrangularibus, puberulis, pilis appressis,
albidis; lamina foliorum oblonga, apice breviter acuminata, basi
cuneata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto tenuis, integra vel undulata,
supra glabra vel costa et venis lateralibus parce et minute birtellis,
subtus aequaliter puberula, pilis appressis, costa et venis aliquanto
prominentibus; petioli puberuli, pilis appressis; spicae solitariae,
terminales, rhache glabra, pedunculo brevi; bracteae ovatae, acutae,
glabrae vel minute ciliolatae, striato-nervatae, areola elliptica opaca
pro ocellis substituta; bracteolae falcato-lanceolatae, acutae, costa et
apice dense et molliter hirsutae, pilis plus minusve appressis, margin-
ibus glabrae vel parce et minute papillosae; segmenta calycis glabra
vel apice pilis paucis praedita, parce et minute papillosa, segmentum
superius ovatum, subobtusum, segmenta anteriora lanceolata, acuta,
segmenta lateralia lanceolata, subobtusa et apiculata; corolla auran-
tiaca, papillosa, basi glabra, tubo subcylindrico vel anguste hypo-
crateriformi, labio superiore erecto, ovato, apice bilobato, lobis anguste
triangularibus acuminatis,labio inferiore trilobato,lobo medio ascen-
dente, ovato acuto, lobis lateralibus parvis, triangularibus, subacutis,
cum labio superiore basi connatis; stamina vix exserta, glabra, antheris
utrinque acutis, apice arachnoideis; ovarium glabrum.,

Shrubs up to 2 meters high; stems subquadrangular, puberulous, the
hairs closely and upwardly appressed, whitish, up to 0.2 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong, up to 28 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, short-acuminate,
narrowed from about the middle to a cuneate base and decurrent on
the petiole, rather thin, entire or undulate, the upper surface glabrous
or the costa sparingly and minutely puberulous, the lower surface
evenly hirtellous, the hairs appressed, resembling those of the stem,
the costa and lateral veins (about 12 pairs) moderately prominent ;
petioles (unwinged portion) up to 4 cm. long, the pubescence that of the
stem ; spikes solitary, terminal, up to 23 cm. long and 1.5 em. broad, the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 727

rachis glabrous; peduncle 5 mm. long, appressed-puberulous; bracts
orange (Grant), ovate, 13 mm. long, 11 mm. wide, acute (the tip itself
obtuse), glabrous or minutely ciliolate, striate-nerved, the glandular
area dull, oval, about 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide; bractlets falcate-
lanceolate, 12-14 mm. long, about 3 mm. wide at middle, acute,

Figure 266.—Aphelandra atecmarta Leonard (Grant 9167): a, Basal part of leaf; b, tip of
leaf; c, leaf reduced to show shape; d, tip of spike; ¢, base of spike; f, bract; g, bractlet;
h, posterior calyx segment; 7, a lateral calyx segment; j, an anterior calyx segment;
k, tip of corolla; J, portion of corolla enlarged to show pubescence. (a, b, d, ¢, Half
natural size; c, % natural size; fi, 244 times natural size; k, natural size; J, about 30
times natural size.)

the costal region and tip densely and softly hirsute, the hairs more or
less appressed, up to 0.25 mm. long, the marginal region (about 1 mm.
wide) glabrous and sparingly and minutely papillose; calyx 1.5 cm.
long, the segments glabrous, rather sparingly and minutely papillose
dorsally and tipped by a few minute hairs, the posterior segment
ovate, about 6 mm. wide, subobtuse, the anterior segments lanceolate,
about 4 mm. wide, acute, the lateral segments lanceolate, about 3.5
mm. wide, subobtuse and apiculate; corolla orange, up to 6 cm. long,

728 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

papillose except the glabrous basal portion, the tube subcylindrical
or rather narrowly infundibuliform, 3 to 4 mm. wide at or near base,
7 mm. wide at mouth, the upper lip erect, ovate, bilobed at tip, the
lobes narrowly triangular, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, acumi-
nate, the middle lobe of lower lip ascending, oval, acute, about 10
mm. wide at middle, the lateral lobes adnate to the upper lip, the free
portion triangular, subacute, 1.5 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at point
of attachment; stamens reaching the tip of the upper lip, the anthers
glabrous except the arachnoid tip, 7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, acute at
both ends, the style glabrous or sparingly pilose at base; ovary
glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2045425, collected in
temperate forest on the Caraucha Range, east of Ibama, 13 km.
east of Yacop{, near the Boyacd border, Department of Cundinamarca,
2,250 meters altitude, May 8, 1944, by Martin L. Grant (No. 9167).
Isotype: US, 2144299.

Aphelandra atecmarta in the key would follow A. crenata, but it
differs in having entire instead of crenate leaves. The spikes of A.
crenata, too, are shorter and more compact.

The specific epithet is from the Greek dréxyapros, meaning without
distinctive mark.

73. Aphelandra lingua-bovis Leonard. (Page 270.)

Cuocé: Fairly common between La Oveja and Quibd6é, April 1, 2, 1931, Archer
1731 (US).
76. Aphelandra pharangophila Leonard. (Page 277.)

EL VatLE: Timba, von Sneidern 1113 (8).

22. PACHYSTACHYS Nees

1. Pachystachys riedeliana Nees. (Page 291.)

Ex Vatie: Thickets along the Rfo Dagua at Cisneros, 300-500 meters altitude,
May 5, 1939, Killip 35590 (US).

23. PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk.

It appears that the citation given above on page 292, 1. e., Radlk.
in Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 13: 289. 1883,
is incorréct, even though it is the one usually given. At this place
the name is a nomen nudum, for there is only a listing of species and no
description. Nor is there any reference to a description of the genus
under another name. Pseuderanthemum is said to be the Eranthemum
of authors not Linnaeus, and there is mention of Nees’ treatment (in
DC. Prodromus), but Nees included in Eranthemum the species of
true Hranthemum as well as those that Radlkofer wished to separate
as Pseuderanthemum, and did not provide any description of the latter
as a group. The species were mostly those grouped by Nees and

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 729

briefly characterized as ‘‘Parvibracteatae,” but included also a species
(E. palatiferum) from another section of the genus. Radlkofer gave a
reference also to two papers by T. Anderson, but at these places
Anderson merely listed several species as Hranthemum and did not
give any generic description. Apparently, the first valid publication
of Pseuderanthemum must be attributed to Lindau, and the citation
will be:

Pseuderanthemum Radlkofer ex Lindau, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
IV. 3b: 330. 1895.

No one species seems to have a particular claim as a lectotype, and
so the species illustrated by Lindau (op. cit. fig. 183), P. bicolor
Schrank) Radlkofer, may appropriately be chosen.

EMENDED KEY TO THE SPECIES (PAGB 292)

Tips and bases of the seeds bearing a spiny crest; panicles large and many-flowered.
1. P. ctenospermum
Tips and bases of the seed without a spiny crest (P. chilianthium bearing a single
spinelike projection at base of seed).
A. Leaves of each pair very unequal, the larger alternating with the smaller
of the next succeeding pair.
Tips of the leaf blades slenderly acuminate_-_---~-------- 2. P. chilianthium
Tips of leaf blades short-acuminate, the tip itself blunt... 3. P. diachylum
A. Leaves of each pair equal or subequal.
B. Leaf blades ovate; corolla tube 2 cm. long or more, very slender.

Leaf blades sessile or subsessile, rounded at base, those subtending the
lowermost branches of the inflorescence similar to the main stem leaves
but somewhat smaller___-------------------------- 4. P. cladodes

Leaf blades abruptly narrowed into long winged petioles, those subtending
the lowermost branches of the inflorescence orbicular or suborbicular,
sessile or subsessile, differing noticeably from the main stem leaves.

Flowers dark red; bracts subtending the flowers triangular, up to 2 mm.

long_----------------------------------------- 5. P. haughtit

Flowers purple; bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate or oblanceolate,

up to 4mm. long._------------------------------ 6. P. idrobot

B. Leaf blades elliptic to oblong or lanceolate, rarely ovate, the petioles
short.

C. Calyx with some glandular hairs.

Leaf blades (lower surface) glabrous or bearing a few scattered minute
hairs; cystoliths black__...-.----------------- 7. P. leiophyllum
Leaf blades (lower surface) definitely puberulous or hirtellous; cysto-
liths whitish.
Lobes of the corolla conspicuously purple-dotted_. 8. P. poecilanthum
Lobes of the corolla uniformly colored.
Corollas greenish yellow___--------------------- 9, P. galbanum
Corollas not greenish yellow, usually violet, purple, pink, or white.
Base of the leaf blades (dried material) strongly recurved and
crisped making the blades apparently subpanduriform.
10. P. micranthum

388179—57——27

730 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Bases of the leaf blades (dried material) flat, not noticeably
recurved and crisped.
Corollas pure white-_.....--.--_..- oo 11. P. ellipticum
Corollas violet, purple, or pink.
Corollas pale pink, the lobes up to 7 mm. long; leaf blades

gland-dotted beneath... -__-..-_-_-----. 12. P. ewantt
Corollas violet, the lobes up to 3.5 mm. long; leaf blades not
gland-dotted beneath__-____________- 13. P. pennellai

C. Calyx without gland-tipped hairs.
Leaf blades predominantly 2 cm. wide or less.
Calyx glabrous. ______- 2 eee 14. P. lanceum
Calyx puberulous - _- _- - oe ee ee ee ee ee eee eee 15. P. sneidernit
Leaf blades, or at least some of them, 2.5 em. wide or more.
Rachis glabrous; leaf blades predominantly obtuse or rounded at
tip...-.--.----.------- eee eee eee ---- 16. P. atropurpureum
Rachis pubescent; leaf blades acuminate.
D. Flowers borne in racemes, these simple or forked or 3-parted at
the lowermost node.
Leaf blades (dried material) flat at base.-_ 17. P. potomophilum
Leaf blades (dried material) recurved and crisped at base so as
to give the blades a subpanduriform appearance.
Flowers solitary or several at each node of the inflorescence;

leaves firm. _.---------------------- 18, P. hylophilum
Flowers few to numerous at each node of the inflorescence;
leaves thin_.___.____-_____-_--_-___- 10. P. micranthum

D. Flowers borne in panicles.
Corollas densely glandular-papillose.
Pedicels stout, 1 mm. long or less_____-_-__.19. P. chaponense
Pedicels slender, up to 4 mm. long___-------- 20. P. thelothriz
Corollas sparingly puberulous or pubescent.
Tube of the corolla narrow, the throat 1.5 mm. broad; branches
of the panicle few (2 or 3)____-------- 21. P. slenosiphon
Tube of the corolla relatively broad; branches of the panicle
several (3 or more).

Shrubs; margins of the basal part of the leaf blades recurved
and crisped to give the blade a subpanduriform appear-
ance___.-.---------- ween ene eee 22. P. cuatrecasasit

Herbs; margins of the basal portions of the leaf blades flat,
not noticeably recurved and crisped.

Tips of the leaf blades slenderly acuminate; panicle open,
the branches straight and more or less spreading, up
up to 9 em. long__-_---------.-------- 23. P. dawei

Tips of the leaf blades abruptly and shortly acuminate;
panicles dense, the branches suberect, up to 4 cm. long.

24. P. chocoense

1. Pseuderanthemum ctenospermum Leonard, sp. nov. Figure 267

Suffrutex, caulibus erectis, quadrangularibus, plus minusve crassis,
glabris vel parce puberulis, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum oblongo-
elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi angustata, in
petiolum decurrens (lamina foliorum summorum basi plus minusve
auriculata), firma et crassa, integra vel undulata, supra glabra, cysto-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 731

lithis minutis, subtus glabra, costa et venis prominentibus, puberulis
vel strigosis, cystolithis minutis, venulis crasse reticulatis; petioli
alati, glabri vel parce strigosi; paniculae terminales, in nodis ramis
pluribus et aliquando floribus sessilibus vel subsessilibus praeditae,
pedunculis et rachibus subquadrangularibus, striatis, hirtellis, pilis
curvatis, patulis vel ascendentibus, subbrunneis, septatis; bracteae
ramos infimos subtendentes foliaceae; bracteae ramos superiores sub-
tendentes lineares; bracteae flores subtendentes triangulares, acutae
(apice ipso obtuso), parce hirtellae et ciliatae; bracteolae lineares,
apice subobtusae, parce hirtellae; pedicelli graciles, puberuli, pilis
patulis vel ascendentibus, subbrunneis; calycis segmenta anguste
triangularia, apice graciliter acuta, parce hirtella, pilis ascendentibus;
corollae parvae, lilacinae, parce puberulae, pilis fere patulis aliquis
glandulosis, tubo cylindrico, lobis ovatis, subobtusis; stamina inclusa,
glabra, lobis antherarum basi leviter divergentibus; staminodia parva,
oblanceolata, glabra; capsulae clavatae, basi graciles, parce puberulae,
pilis fere patulis, glandulosis; retinacula gracilia, curvata, apice rotun-
data; semina brunnea, plana, glabra, suborbicularia, apice et basi
cristis spinosis praedita, spinis albidis, triangularibus, minute striatis,
retrorse hirtellis, pilis rigidis, minutis.

Erect shrubby plants up to 1 meter high; stems quadrangular, more
or less fleshy, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs variously
curved, up to 0.24 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, up to 15 cm.
long and 6 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at base and decurrent on the petiole, the uppermost leaves more or
less auriculate at. base, firm and fleshy, entire or undulate, the upper
surface glabrous, the cystoliths minute, up to 0.1 mm. long, the lower
surface glabrous except the costa and lateral veins (12 to 16 pairs),
these sparingly puberulous or strigose, the hairs up to 0.32 mm. long,
the cystoliths similar to those of the upper surface, the venation
prominent, the veinlets coarsely reticulate, the axils of the leaves often
bearing small leafy shoots; petioles winged nearly to the base, glabrous
or sparingly strigose; panicles terminal, up to 15 cm. long and broad,
the nodes bearing 1 to several pairs of branches and sometimes ad-
ditional sessile or subsessile flowers (flowering branches also occurring
in the axils of the upper stem leaves) ; peduncles 5 cm. long, the lower-
most internode 3 cm. long, the others successively shorter toward the
tips of the branches, both peduncle and internodes of the inflorescence
subquadrangular, striate, hirtellous, the hairs variously curved, spread-
ing or ascending, up to 0.28 mm. long, septate, brownish; bracts sub-
tending the lowermost branches of the inflorescence leaflike, about 2
cm. long and 5 mm. wide, those subtending the upper branches of the
inflorescence linear, 10 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide or smaller; bracts
subtending the flowers triangular, 3 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide at

732 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

base, acute (the tip itself blunt), sparingly hirtellous and ciliate;
bractlets linear, about 2.5 mm. long and 0.25 mm. wide, bluntish at
tip, sparingly hirtellous; pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long, rather slender,
puberulous, the hairs spreading or ascending, brownish, up to 0.16 mm.
long; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments 5, narrowly triangular, 4 mm.

sted!

——
ae

epee i

=a
=

=
meagre
Te
Done

Ficure 267.—Pseuderanthemum ctenospermum Leonard (Cuatrecasas 16433): a, Stem node
showing leaves; b, lower node of panicle; ¢, portion of internode of panicle enlarged
to show pubescence; d, node from near tip of panicle to show bract and bractlets; e,
calyx segment; f, corolla; g, a portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence;
h, stamens; i, capsule valve; 7, a portion of capsule valve from near its tip enlarged to
show pubescence; &, seed. (a, Half natural size; b, natural size; c, 21 times natural
size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, about 64 times natural size; f, h, 3 times natural size;
g, 45 times natural size; 1, twice natural size; J, 23 times natural size; k, 7 times natural
size.)

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, II 733

long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender tip,
sparingly hirtellous, the hairs ascending, up to 0.13 mm. long;
corollas up to 12 mm. long, lilac, rather sparingly puberulous, the
hairs mostly spreading, up to 0.1 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped,
the tube cylindric, 1.5 mm. in diameter, the lobes ovate, 4 to 5 mm.
long, 2.5 to 3 mm. wide, subobtuse; stamens included, 3.25 mm. long,
glabrous, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, the lobes
slightly divergent; staminodes about 1 mm. long, oblanceolate,
glabrous; capsules clavate, about 18 mm. long, 4 mm. wide and 1.5 mm.
thick, sparingly puberulous, the hairs mostly spreading, 0.1 mm.
long, gland-tipped, the solid basal portion of the capsule slender,
12 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad, 2 mm. thick; retinacula slender, 2.5 mm.
long, curved, the tip rounded; seed suborbicular, 3 mm. long, 2.5 mm.
wide and 0.5 mm. thick, brown, glabrous, bearing on the upper edge
a crest of usually 7 triangular whitish spines, these about 0.75 mm.
long, the anterior one multiple, and bearing also on the projecting
basal edge a similar but shorter crest of 2 or 3 spines, all of the spines
striate, whitish, broad-based, retrorsely hirtellous with rigid hairs
about 0.02 mm. long.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1852484, collected along
the Rio Calima at La Trojita, Department of El] Valle, Colombia,
5-50 meters altitude, February 19 to March 10, 1944, by J. Cuatre-
casas (No. 16433).

Collected also in the same general region are the following: In
dense forest along the Rio Dagua, about 20 kilometers east of Buena-
ventura, 40 meters altitude, February 15, 1939, H. P. Killip and
Hernando Garcia, No. 33318 (US). Highway between Buenaventura
and Cali at Km. 100, 100 meters altitude, December 5, 1946, Haught,
No. 5323 (US). Wet forests of Chuare, Cauca, 90 meters altitude,
December 24, 1946, Haught, No. 5390 (US). ‘Andes de Mariquita,
Antioquia,” 2,200 meters altitude, February 1852, Triana (K).

According to the label notes, Haught’s No. 5390 was taken from an
epiphyte with very succulent shoots 1 meter long and having a showy
purple inflorescence, and his No. 5323 was taken from an erect
suffrutescent plant 1 meter high or less which possessed a showy
inflorescence with the axes and flowers light purple. Killip and Garcia
describe their No. 33318 as an herb 80 cm. high, the stems in clusters
bearing distichous panicles, and with both flowers and inflorescence
branches pink. The type sheet bears the following note: “Sufrutex
de ramas erguidas 1 m.; hojas rugosas, verde grisdceas; bracteas,
céliz y corola lilas.”’

Pseuderanthemum ctenospermum can be easily recognized by its
peculiar crested seed and rather large rugose leaves. This comblike
crest suggests the specific epithet taken from the Greek xreis, comb,
and ozépya, seed.

734 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

2, Pseuderanthemum chilianthium Leonard, sp. nov. FicuRE 268

Herba erecta vel interdum suffrutex scandens, caulibus apice
subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce puberulis, pilis ascendentibus
vel subappressis, cystolithis paucis vel aliquando multis et contiguis
et parallelis, deorsum caulibus parce ramosis, teretibus, glabris,
cortice pannoso; folia per paria inaequalia; lamina foliorum oblongo-
oblanceolata vel oblongo-obovata, plus minusve panduriformis,
tenuiter acriter acuminata (apice angusto gracili), basi angusta,
subcordata, aliquando firma, integra vel undulata, utrinque glabra
vel parce puberula, nitida, pilis ascendentibus, subtus costa et venis
lateralibus et venulis crasse reticulatis prominentibus, supra obscuris,
cystolithis utrinque obscuris; petioli crassi, breves, glabri vel parce
hirtelli, cystolithis pluribus; flores plures in paniculis terminalibus
pyramidalibus magnis positi; pedunculi et rhaches parce hirtelli,
pilis ascendentibus; pedicelli graciles, hirtelli; bracteac parvae, subu-
latae, parce hirtellae; calycis segmenta parva, linearia, parce hirtella,
pilis ascendentibus; corolla lilacina, tubo basi glabro, sursum parce
puberulo, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, lobis corollarum
ovatis, apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva; capsulae
clavatae, glabrae vel pilos paucos minutos glandulosos papilliformes
ferentes; semina plana, ovata, glabra vel apice truncata, crenata,
dense puberula, basi spina parva praedita.

Herbs or shrubs usually up to 2 meters high but sometimes becoming
scandent and reaching 10 meters in height, the upper portions of the
stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly puberulous, the hairs up
to 0.2 mm. long, subappressed or ascending, septate, the cystoliths
few or sometimes numerous and parallel, the lower portions of the
stems tough, woody, subterete, glabrous, sparingly branched, the bark
brown and becoming shredded; leaves of each pair unequal, the smaller
leaf of each pair alternating with the larger of the next pair, the blades
oblong-lanceolate or oblong-obovate, up to 30 cm. long and 9 em.
wide, slightly panduriform, more or less slenderly acuminate, the
tip slender, narrowed to a rounded narrow subcordate base, rather
firm, entire or undulate, both surfaces nitid, glabrous or sparingly
puberulous, the hairs ascending, the costa, lateral veins (14 to 16 pairs)
and the coarsely reticulated veinlets prominent beneath, obscure
above, the cystoliths obscure; petioles thick (unwinged portions),
glabrous or sparingly hirtellous, the cystoliths sometimes numerous;
flowers numerous, borne in terminal pyramidal panicles up to 30
cm. long and 26 cm. wide, the nodes bearing 3 or 4 branches, the
branches of the ultimate nodes slender, 1 to 3 em. long, several-
flowered, dichotomously branched, forming lax dichasia or the
flowers sometimes secund on the racemes; peduncles up to 6 em. long,
these and the rachises sparingly to rather densely hirtellous, the hairs

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 735

ascending, up to 0.25 mm. long, septate, the pedicels slender, hir-
tellous, up to 5 mm. long; bracts subulate, up to 1 cm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide at the base, sparingly hirtellous, the lowermost often foliaceous;
calyces up to 4.5 mm. long, the segments 4 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at
base, gradually narrowed to an acute tip, sparingly hirtellous with
ascending hairs about 0.06 mm. long; corollas purplish blue or lilac,
10 to 17 mm. long, sparingly puberulous with a mixture of glandular
papilliform hairs (about 0.03 mm. long) and curved ascending

Ficure 268.—Pseuderanthemum chilianthium Leonard (Killip 35270): a, Node of stem to
show pair of dissimilar leaves; b, portion of lower surface of leaf blade enlarged to
show pubescence; ¢, branch of panicle; d, calyx; ¢, corolla; f, portion of corolla tube
enlarged to show pubescence; g, stamen and staminode; h, capsule valve, i, seed.
(a, c, Half natural size; b, 5 times natural size; d, 344 times natural size; ¢, A, twice
natural size; f, 40 times natural size; g, 7 times natural size; i, 5 times natural size.)

736 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

eglandular ones up to 0.13 mm. long, the corolla tube cylindric,
1 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at base, narrowed to 1.5 mm. at 2 mm.
above base, thence gradually enlarged to 2 mm. at mouth, or the tube
of the smaller flowers only about 7 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base
and 1 mm. wide at their narrowest point, the corolla lobes oval,
4 to 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, rounded at the tip; stamens included,
those of the smaller flowers 1.5 mm. long, the anthers 0.75 mm. long,
the staminodes 0.5 mm. long, the stamens of the larger flowers 3.5
mm. long with anthers 1 mm. long, the staminodes 1 mm. long;
capsules 16 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, about 2 mm. thick, the solid basal
stipe about 1 cm. long and 1.25 mm. broad, the surface of the capsule
glabrous or bearing a few small papilliform glandular hairs near tip,
the retinacula curved, about 1.75 mm. long, the tip rounded, thin,
finely striate and subfimbriate; seed ovate, flat, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, the margin winged, the wing 1.5 mm. long at tip of seed, obtuse,
rather densely puberulous with whitish hairs, the basal angle bearing
a small, spikelike projection.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1772005, collected in
the Corcovada Region of the upper Rfo San Juan, in a dense forest on
a ridge along the Yeractif Valley, Intendencia of Chocé ,Colombia, 200
to 275 meters, April 24, 25, 1939, by E. P. Killip (No. 35270).

AnTIoguia: Mariquita, 2,200 meters altitude, February 1852, Triana s.n. (K)°

Cauca: Damp forests at Coteje, along the Rio Timbiquf, 0 to 500 meters
altitude, February 1898, Lehmann s.n. (K).

Cuocé: Between Carmen de Atrato and Tutunendo, 500-600 meters, July
25, 26, 1944, Garcia-Barriga 11128 (US). La Concepefon, 15 km. east of Quibdé,
75 meters altitude, April 20 to May 23, 1931, W. A. Archer 2097 (US). Be-
tween La Oveja and Quibd6, April 1-2, 1931, W. A. Archer 1673 (US).
Tutunendo, 20 km. north of Quibdé, 80 meters altitude, May 19, 20, 1931, W. A.
Archer 2120 (US). Damp woods along the Rfo Huanchiradé (Cuenea del
Atrato), June 2, 3, 1949, Rosa Scolnik 1636 (NY).

Ex Vatie: Quebrada del Corosal, Rio Cajambre, 0-5 meters altitude, May 17,
1944, Cuatrecasas 17736 (NY). San Isidro, Rfo Cajambre, 5-100 meters altitude,
May 2-5, 1944, Cuatrecasas 17317 (NY).

Mera: Tiramena, Llano de San Martin, 250 meters altitude, J. Triana s.n,
(Col).

Pseuderanthemum chilianthium must be an attractive plant with its
large dense panicles of lilac flowers. Archer states that the pedicels
are also colored like the corollas. Archer’s No. 2120, representing
the small flowered form, has lavender colollas with darker stripes on
the lobes. The plant of the holotype had leaves deep purple beneath.
More material should be examined before any of these variations can
be used as characters on which to base varieties or closely related
species. The specific epithet is from the Greek xtdo-, thousand, and
&vdeov, blossom, in allusion to its numerous flowers.

LEONARD—-THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 737

3. Pseuderanthemum diachylum Leonard, sp. nov. FicurE 269

Herba erecta, succulenta, caulibus subquadrangularibus, nitidis,
deorsum glabratis, sursum parce puberulis, pilis curvatis, septatis,
cystolithis parallelis, inconspicuis, raris; folia per paria inaequalia;
lamina foliorum oblongo-elliptica, breviter acuminata (apice ipso
obtuso), basi acuta vel obtusa, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
firma, integra, undulata, supra nitida, parce puberula, pilis appressis,
septatis, cystolithis inconspicuis, costa et venis lateralibus obscuris,
subtus pubcrula, pilis praecipue in costa et venis prominentibus positis,
venulis crasse reticulatis, cystolithis inconspicuis; petioli (pars non
alatus) breves, parce hirtelli; paniculae terminales, floribus in nodis
4 vel 5 productis, pedicellis gracilibus sed aliquanto brevibus, dense
hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus, pedunculo longo, subquadrangulari,
minute striato, aliquanto dense hirtello, pilis retrorse curvatis, septatis;
bracteae triangulares, aliquanto parvae, acutae (apice ipso obtuso),
carinatae, hirtellae, pilis ascendentibus, septatis, ciliatae; bracteolae
parvae, triangulares, acutae, hirtellae; calycis segmenta subulata,
nitida, minute et parce hirtella, pilis glandulosis et eglandulosis
intermixtis; corolla dilute purpurea, parce hirtella, pilis minutis,
glandulosis et eglandulosis intermixtis, tubo subcylindrico, lobis
corollae ovatis apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris
vel basi pilis paucis praeditis, antheris glabris; staminodia parva,
linearia; ovarium glabrum.

Erect succulent herbs up to 60 cm. high, stems subquadrangular,
nitid, sparingly puberulous with curved septate hairs up to 0.24 mm.
long, the lower portions of the stem glabrate, the cystoliths straight,
parallel, up to 0.11 mm. long, inconspicuous and scattered; leaves of
a pair noticeably unequal, the larger leaves alternate with the smaller
of the succeeding pair, the blades oblong-elliptic, up to 21 cm. long
and 7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate (the tip itself obtuse), acute to
obtuse at base and decurrent on the petiole, rather thick, entire or
undulate, the upper surface nitid, sparingly puberulous, the hairs up
to 0.19 mm. long, septate, appressed, the cystoliths inconspicuous,
up to 0.08 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (about 8 pairs) obscure,
the lower surface puberulous, the hairs confined chiefly to costa and
veins, these and the coarsely reticulated veinlets conspicuous, the
cystoliths inconspicuous; petioles (unwinged portion) up to 4 mm.
long, with the winged portion up to 3.5 cm. long, the wings gradually
enlarged from base to 1 cm. wide at foot of blade, the petiole sparingly
hirtellous; panicles terminal, about 10 cm. long and 5 cm. broad, each
node producing a large and a small branch, these alternating through-
out the panicle, the flowers as many as 4 or 5 at each node, the peduncle
8.5 cm. long, subquadrangular, about 2 mm. thick, finely striate,
rather densely hirtellous, the hairs retrorsely curved, up to 0.2 mm.

738 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

long, septate, the lowermost internode of the panicle 3 cm. long, the
others successively shorter toward tip of the inflorescence, all hirtellous,
the hairs spreading or ascending, septate and up to 0.2 mm. long;
bracts triangular, up to 5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide at base, gradually
narrowed to a blunt tip, carinate, hirtellous, the hairs ascending,
mostly marginal and dorsal, septate; bractlets triangular, up to 3 mm.

Ficure 269.—Pseuderanthemum diachylum Leonard (Haught 5489): a, Tip of plant; b,
a pair of stem leaves; c, portion of leaf blade, lower surface, to show venation; d, portion
of inflorescence from node showing bract, bractlets and flowers; ¢, portion of calyx
enlarged to show pubescence; f, stamen and staminode. (a-c, Half natural size;
d, natural size; ¢, 30 times natural size; f, 6/4 times natural size.)

long, 1.25 mm. wide at base, acute, hirtellous; pedicels slender, up to
3 mm. long, densely hirtellous with ascending hairs up to 0.13 mm.
long; calyx up to 4 mm. long, the segments subulate, 3 mm. long, 0.5
mm. wide near base, nitid, minutely and sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
about 0.06 mm. long, some of them gland-tipped; flowers showy,
light purple, 16 mm. long, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.1

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 739

mm. long, some of them gland-tipped, the tube 1 mm. broad at base,
narrowed at 2 mm. above base to 0.75 mm., thence gradually enlarged
to 2 mm. at throat, the lobes ovate, 8 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, rounded
at tip; stamens reaching the mouth of the corolla tube, the filaments
0.75 mm. long, glabrous or bearing a few minute hairs at base, the
anthers 1.75 mm. long, 0.5 mm. broad, glabrous; staminodes linear,
0.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 1995094, collected in
a wet forest glade along the Rio Nuqui, Intendencia of Chocé,
Colombia, about 300 meters altitude, January 25, 1947, by Oscar
Haught (No. 5489).

Pseuderanthemum diachylum is characterized by its large leaves,
attractive light purple flowers, and succulent texture. The plant
from which the type was taken was the only one seen by the collector.
The specific epithet is from the Greek, é.axvdos, meaning succulent.
4. Pseuderanthemum cladodes Leonard, sp. nov. FiGurRE 270

Herba, caulibus gracilibus, profuse ramosis, striatis, aliquanto
pilosis, pilis patulis; lamina foliorum ovata, graciliter acuminata,
basi rotundata, hirsuta, pilis saepe in costa et venis positis, cystolithis
sub lente conspicuis pyriformibus; petioli breves vel nulli; spicae
laxae, paucae, paniculam formantes; bracteae ramos panicularum
subtendentes foliaceae sed minores, sessiles; bracteae flores sub-
tendentes lanceolatae, parvae, acuminatae, parce hirtellae; rhachis
hirsuta; calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, parce hirtella; corolla
lilacino-rubra, tubo angustissimo, lobis plus minusve patulis, obovatis,
apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa; staminodia parva; capsulae
clavatae, parce puberulae, pilis minutis, glandulosis; semina muricata.

Herbs up to 1 meter high; stems slender and profusely branched,
furrowed, moderately pilose, the hairs spreading, up to 0.58 mm. long,
evenly or sometimes bifariously distributed, the lowermost internodes
10 cm. long or more; leaf blades ovate, up to 6.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm.
wide, slenderly acuminate, rounded at base, hirsute, the hairs mostly
confined to the costa and lateral veins (4 or 5 pairs), up to 0.5 mm.
long, the upper surface bearing numerous crowded whitish cysto-
liths, these very conspicuous under a lens and up to 0.13 mm.
long; petioles about 4 mm. long, rather sparingly hirsute and con-
spicuously marked by cystoliths; flowers borne in lax spikes, these
both terminal and axillary, up to 18 cm. long, forming loose terminal
panicles up to 30 cm. long, the lowermost pairs of bracts subtending
the axillary spikes resembling the stem leaves but slightly smaller
and sessile, the other pairs progressively smaller toward tip of panicle,
the lowermost pair of bracts subtending the flowers suborbicular,
about 5 mm. in diameter, sessile, long-apiculate, the succeeding

740 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

floral bracts lanceolate, up to 3 mm. long and 1 mm. wide at base,
acuminate, sparingly hirtellous, the lowermost internode of the
flowering spike 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the others successively shorter,
these and the internodes of the panicle hirsute, the hairs similar
to those of the stems, the flowers borne in pairs at the nodes of the
spike (sometimes accompanied by one or more rudimentary flowers) ;
calyx about 5 mm. long, the segments lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.5 mm.

Ficure 270.—Pseuderanthemum cladodes Leonard (Lehmann 7266): a, A lower node showing
leaf blade; b, inflorescence; ¢, portion of leaf blade (upper surface) showing cystoliths;
d, bracts; e, calyx; f, stamen and staminode. (a, Natural size; b, half natural size;
c, 20 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size; ¢, 5 times natural size; f, 10 times
natural size.)

wide at base, sparingly hirtellous; corolla lilac-red (Lehmann),
glabrous, the tube up to 2.5 cm. long, very slender, 1.25 mm. in
diameter at base, gradually reduced to 0.75 mm. about the middle and
thence enlarged to 2 mm. at mouth, the lobes more or less spreading,
obovate, about 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, rounded at tip; stamens
included, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous; anthers 1.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm.
broad; staminodes 0.5 mm. long; capsules clavate, 1.8 cm. long, the

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 741

slender solid stipe 7 mm. long, 1 mm. in diameter, glabrous, the
seed-bearing portion 3 mm. broad and about 1 mm. thick, sparingly
puberulous, the hairs spreading, 0.11 mm. long, gland-tipped; seed
flat, whitish, muricate.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in a forest glade along the
Rio Sucio, between Dabeiba and Uramita, Department of Antioquia,
Colombia, 400 to 800 meters altitude, October 1891, by F. C. Lehmann
(No. 7266).

According to Lehman’s notes the plants of this species are ‘Weeds
up to 1 m. in height with profusely ramified and thin stems.” The
leaves are “dark sap-green” and the flowers ‘“‘ilac-red.”’

The specific epithet is from the Greek xAadwdns, abounding in young
shoots, in allusion to the branching habit of the plant.

5. Pseuderanthemum haughtii Leonard
See page 293.
6. Pseuderanthemum idroboi Leonard

See page 295.

7. Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum Leonard

See page 297.

8. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum Leonard

See page 299.

9. Pseuderanthemum galbanum Leonard, sp. nov. FiaurE 271

Frutex, caulibus deorsum glabris, sursum puberulis, pilis curvatis;
lamina foliorum aliquanto magna, apice breviter acuminata (apice
ipso rotundato), basi angustata, in petiolum decurrens, aliquanto
firma, integra, utrinque glabra vel subtus in costa parce et minute
puberula, cystolithis obscuris et raris; petioli breves, minute puberuli,
pilis curvatis; racemi solitarii, terminales, rhache et pedunculis dense
et minute puberulis, pilis glandulosis et acutis intermixtis; bracteae
(par infimum sterile) lanceolatae, graciliter acutae, minute hirtellae,
pilis glandulosis et acutis, plus minusve patulis intermixtis; bracteolae
ovatae vel lanceolatae, acutae, aliquanto parce et minute hirtellae;
pedicelli dense hirtelli, pilis glandulosis et acutis intermixtis; calycis
segmenta anguste lanceolata, acuta, pilis glandulosis et acutis inter-
mixtis; corolla galbana; capsulae graciles, minute hirtellae, pilis patulis
vel ascendentibus, glandulosis et acutis intermixtis; semina brunneo-
purpurea, plana, suborbicularia, crasse rugosa.

Shrubs up to 3 meters high; stems glabrous below, the upper por-
tions puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.13 mm. long;
leaf blades oblong, up to 19 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate
(the tip itself rounded), narrowed at base and decurrent on the
petiole, moderately firm, entire, both surfaces glabrous or the lower

742 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

minutely and sparingly puberulous on costa, cystoliths obscure and
scattered; petioles up to 1 cm. long (including the wing at the base
of the blade, this 6 to 7 mm. wide), minutely puberulous with upwardly
curved hairs; racemes solitary, terminal, narrow and lax, the flower-
bearing portion about 9 cm. long and 8 mm. broad, the peduncle
4 cm. long, the lowermost internode of the raceme 2 em. long, the

Ficure 271.—Pseuderanthemum galbanum Leonard (Garcia-Barriga 14377): a, Tip of plant;
b, portion of rachis enlarged to show pubescence; ¢, leaf; d, calyx, pedicel, bracts and
bractlets; ¢, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence; f, valve of capsule;
g, seed. (a, c, Half natural size; b, ¢, about 50 times natural size; d, 3 times natural
size; f, natural size; g, 344 times natural size.)

others successively shorter toward tip of inflorescence, both peduncle
and rachis rather densely and minutely hirtellous with both glandular
and acute hairs, these spreading or ascending and up to 0.25 mm. long;
bracts (the lower pair without flowers) lanceolate, slenderly acute,
the larger ones 4 mm. long and about 0.75 mm. wide at base, minutely
hirtellous with a mixture of more or less spreading glandular and
acute hairs; bractlets ovate to lanceolate, 2 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide
at base, acute, rather sparingly and minutely hirtellous; pedicels

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 743

rather stout, up to 2.5 mm. long, rather densely hirtellous with
minute glandular and acute hairs; calyx segments narrowly lanceolate,
6.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide at base, narrowed to a slender acute tip,
minutely and more or less densely hirtellous with glandular and acute
hairs; corolla not seen (greenish yellow, Garcia-Barriga); capsules
minutely hirtellous with glandular and acute, spreading or ascending
hairs (up to 0.16 mm. long), the solid stipe about 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm.
broad, curved after dehiscence, the seed-bearing tip (4-seeded) 12 mm.
long, 8 mm. broad, 3 mm. thick, subacute; seed brownish-purple,
flattened, suborbicular, 4 mm. broad and long, 2 mm. thick, coarsely
wrinkled, the wrinkles more pronounced toward margins of seed.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2144877, collected
in Cafio Unguyd, at Jino-Gojé, between the Rios Piraparand and
Popeyak&, tributaries of Rio Apaporis, Amazonas-Vaupés, Colombia,
250 meters altitude, September 3-11, 1952, by H. Garcfa-Barriga
(No. 14377).

In many respects Pseuderanthemum galbanum resembles P.
poecilanthum; the inflorescence, the shape and size of the bracts
and bractlets, and the pubescence of the two species are practically
identical. There are, however, several striking differences. P.
poecilanthum is herbaceous, rarely if ever exceeding 30 cm. in height,
the leaves are relatively smaller, and the flowers white with conspicu-
ously purple-spotted lobes. In contrast, P. galbanum is a shrub or
small tree as much as 3 meters high; its leaves are relatively larger,
and the corollas are greenish yellow. It is to the color of the corolla
that the specific epithet, galbanum, alludes.

10. Pseuderanthemum micranthum Leonard, sp. nov. FiIGuRE 272

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel parce et minute
hirtellis, fere ascendentibus, cystolithis subpunctiformibus; lamina
foliorum oblanceolata, breviter acuminata (apice ipso obtuso), basi
cuneata, marginibus recurvata et crispata, siccitate subpanduriformis
tenuis, integra vel undulata, glabra, costa et venis minute hirtellis,
pilis ascendentibus excepta, subtus costa venis et venulis crasse
reticulatis prominentibus, supra obscuris; racemi graciles, laxt,
terminales, solitarii vel terni, floribus in nodis paucis vel multis,
pedunculis glabris vel parce hirtellis, rhache aliquanto dense puberula,
pilis curvatis, pedicellis gracilibus, puberulis; bracteae triangulares,
glabrae vel parce puberulae, acutae; bracteolae triangulares, parvae;
calycis segmenta lanceolata, acuta, minute hirtella, pilis acutis,
ascendentibus, pilis minutis glandulosis intermixtis; corolla parva,
sursum puberula, basi glabra, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
inclusa; ovarium minute hirtellum.

744 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Herbs; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly and minutely
hirtellous, the hairs up to 0.2 mm. long, mostly ascending, the cys-
toliths subpunctiform; leaf blades oblanceolate, up to 18.5 cm. long
and 5.5 cm. wide slightly above middle, short-acuminate (the tip
itself blunt), gradually narrowed to a crisped recurved apparently
subpanduriform base, thin, entire or undulate, glabrous except the
costa and veins (8 to 10 pairs), these minutely hirtellous with ascend-

Ficure 272.—Pseuderanthemum micranthum Leonard (Triana s. n.): a, Leaf and node; 3,
inflorescence; ¢, inflorescence (Col); d, node of inflorescence; ¢, a segment of the calyx;
f, portion of calyx segment enlarged to show pubescence; g, corolla. (a-c, Half natural
size; d, 3 times natural size; ¢, 15 times natural size; f, 40 times natural size; g, 4 times
natural size.)

ing hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, the costa, lateral veins and the coarsely
reticulated veinlets prominent on the lower surface, obscure on the
upper, the cystoliths scattered and inconspicuous; flowers usually
several to numerous, forming dense fascicles up to 1 cm. broad and 0.5
cm. long at the nodes of the slender, lax, simple, forked or 3-parted
racemes, the peduncles up to 10 em. long, glabrous or sparingly hirtel-
lous, bearing a pair of lance-ovate, acuminate, subsessile leaves up to

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 745

15 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, the lowermost internode of the raceme
up to 7 cm. long, the others successively shorter, the rachis rather
densely puberulous, the hairs upwardly curved, up to 0.3 mm. long;
pedicels slender, up to 1.5 mm. long, puberulous; bracts subtending
the flowers triangular, 1.5 mm. long and 0.75 mm. wide, glabrous or
sparingly puberulous; bractlets similar but smaller; calyx segments
2 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, gradually narrowed to a slender
acute tip, minutely hirtellous, the acute hairs up to 0.1 mm. long,
ascending, these intermixed with a few shorter gland-tipped hairs;
corolla 6 mm. long, puberulous toward tip, the tube 0.5 mm. broad,
the mouth 1 mm. broad, the lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long, about 1 mm.
wide, rounded at tip; stamens included; ovary minutely hirtellous;
capsules not seen.

Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the “Province of Buena-
ventura,’ Department of El Valle, Colombia, 1,600 meters altitude,
July 1853, by J. Triana (No. 101-1). Isotype: Col.

The corollas of the type material were probably immature and thus
smaller than fully developed ones. The color of the flower was not
apparent in the dried material. The specific epithet is from the Greek
ptxpds, Small, and av6os, flower.

11. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum Turrill

See page 301.

Catpas: Thicket along stream east of Balen, Pennell 10625 (GH).

CunpinaMarkCca: Densely wooded mountain in the vicinity of Laguna de Pedro
Palo, 3 km. north of Tena, Municipio of Tena, 2,080 meters, May 19, 1952,
Fernandez & Mora 1442 (US).

12. Pseuderanthemum ewanii Leonard
See page 302.
CUNDINAMARCA: Quebrada Chiniata, Ewan 15629 (US, isotype).
13. Pseuderanthemum pennellii Leonard
See page 304.
14. Pseuderanthemum lanceum (Nees) Radlk.
See page 305.
15. Pseuderanthemum sneidernii Leonard
See page 306.
16. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (Bull) Bailey
See page 307.
17. Pseuderanthemum potamophilum Leonard
See page 308.
Putumayo: San José, Sprague s.n. (K).

388179—57 28

746 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

18. Pseuderanthemum hylophilum Leonard

See page 310.

19. Pseuderanthemum chaponense Leonard

See page 312.

20. Pseuderanthemum thelothrix Leonard, sp. nov. Fiaure 273

Herba, caulibus basi plus minusve suffrutescentibus, erectis vel
ascendentibus, subquadrangularibus, glabris vel sursum minute
puberulis, pilis appressis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblonga, plus
minusve abrupte acuminata (apice ipso acuto, subinde curvato), basi
angustata vel rotundata, in petiolum alatum decurrens, aliquanto
firma, integra vel undulata, supra parce puberula, subtus minute et
aliquanto dense puberula, pilis brunneis, curvatis, subappressis;
petioli minute puberuli; flores solitarii vel in cymas parvas positi,
paniculam plus minusve laxam terminalem formantes, pedunculo et
rhache et pedicellis gracilibus, minute hirtellis, pilis curvatis, ascen-
dentibus; bracteae subulatae vel lanceolato-subulatae, subglabrae vel
parce et minute hirtellae; calycis segmenta linearia parce hirtella;
corolla alba, tubo basi glabro excepto minute glanduloso-puberula,
lobis corollae spathulatis, apice rotundatis; stamina inclusa, glabra;
staminodia glabra, gracilia.

Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent at base; stems erect or ascending,
up to 30 cm. high or more; stems quadrangular, glabrous or the upper
portions minutely puberulous, the hairs upwardly appressed, up to 0.2
mm. long; leaf blades ovate to oblong, up to 12 cm. long and 6 cm.
wide, more or less abruptly acuminate (the tip itself acute and some-
times curved), rounded or narrowed at base, passing into a winged
petiole, moderately firm, entire or undulate, the upper surface spar-
ingly puberulous, the hairs up to 0.28 mm. long, the lower surface
rather densely and minutely puberulous, the hairs brownish, curved,
subappressed, up to 0.2 mm. long, the cystoliths obscure or lacking;
petioles up to 5 cm. long, the wing 1 to 1.5 cm. wide at base of blade,
gradually narrowed to or below the middle of the petiole, the petiole
itself minutely brown-puberulous; flowers solitary or in cymules up to
2 cm. long, several to each node forming a rather loose terminal
raceme up to 7 cm. long and 2 to 3 cm. broad at base, the lowermost
internode of the inflorescence about 2 cm. long, the others successively
shorter, the peduncles 3 to 4 em. long, these and the branches of the
panicle including the pedicels (slender and up to 5 mm. long) minutely
hirtellous, the hairs ascending, curved, up to 0.13 mm. long; nodal
bracts lance-subulate, up to 8 mm. long and 1 mm. wide near base,
the bracts subtending the pedicels similar but smaller, 1.5 to 3 mm.
long, 0.25 to 0.5 mm. wide at base, all subglabrous to sparingly and
minutely hirtellous with curved hairs; calyx segments linear, 5 mm.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 747

long, 0.5 mm. wide at base, rather sparingly and minutely hirtellous;
flowers white, the tube (8 mm. long and about 1 mm. in diameter)
densely covered without by minute glandular hairs up to 0.05 mm.
long, the corolla lobes spathulate, about 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide
above middle, rounded at tip, papillose but less densely so than the
tube; stamens included, reaching within 1.5 mm. of the mouth of

Ficure 273.—Pseuderanthemum thelothrix Leonard (Core 819): a, Tip of plant; 6, stem node
showing leaf and branchlet; c, node of inflorescence (second from base); d, calyx; ¢,
corolla; f, portion of corolla tube enlarged to show pubescence; g, stamen and staminode.
(a, b, Half natural size; c, 1}4 times natural size; d, 344 times natural size; ¢, 3 times
natural size; f, about 70 times natural size; g, 5 times natural size.)

the corolla tube, glabrous, the filaments 1.25 mm. long, the anthers
1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad; staminodes slender, 0.5 mim. long;
ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.

Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 2105340, collected in
moist thicket along road between Alto del Tigre and El Socorro, east
of Argelia, Department of Antioquia, Colombia, 900 to 1,710 meters
altitude, June 1, 1944, by Earl L. Core (No. 819).

748 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Pseuderanthemum thelothriz is near P. chaponense in its relationship
and general appearance. The pedicels of P. chaponense, however,
do not exceed 1 mm. in length, whereas in this new species they are
noticeably slender and are usually as much as 5 mm. long.

The specific epithet is from the Greek 67, nipple, and 6pié, hair,
in allusion to the papillose puberulence of the corolla.

21. Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon Leonard

See page 314.
Botivar: Edge of forest at Antizales, Pennell 4453 (NY).

22. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii Leonard
See page 316.

Cauca: Forest at La Gallera, Killip 7742 (GH); 7783 (GH). In primitive
forest of La Costa, vicinity of El Tambo, 800 to 1,000 meters altitude, von Sneidern
493 (S); 612 (S); 617 (S); 775 (8); 809 (S); 822 (8). Munchique, vicinity of
Tambo, 2,500 meters altitude, von Sneidern 821 (8).

Ex Vauie: Woods of La Laguna, valley of the Rfo Sanjuniquin, 1,250-1,400
meters altitude, December 10-20, 1943, Cuatrecasas 15506 (US).

The specimens cited above are all large-leaved plants closely
resembling Killip’s No. 7742. The leaves of the type specimen,
Cuatrecasas’ No. 21646, are atypical in size, being the smaller leaves
of terminal secondary branches. The leaf blades of Killip’s No. 7742
are as much as 18 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide.

23. Pseuderanthemum dawei Turrill
See page 318.

Ex Vatte: La Cumbre, Killip 5962 (GH, NY).
WITHOUT DEFINITE LocaLiry: “Andes de Mariquita i Antioquia,’’ 2,200 meters
altitude, February 1852, Triana s.n. (Col).

24. Pseuderanthemum chocoense Leonard, sp. nov. Ficure 274

Herba, caulibus subquadrangularibus, glabris vel in nodis parce
hirtellis, pilis ascendentibus; lamina foliorum obovata, breviter
acuminata, basi cuneata, submembranacea, integra vel undulata,
utrinque glabra, costa et venis lateralibus parce hirtellis; petioli
parce hirtelli, aliquanto breves; panicula modice densa, anguste
ovoidea, apice acuta, rhachibus aliquanto dense pubescentibus, pilis
septatis, pedunculo aliquanto longo, hirtello; bracteae infimae
lanceolatae, apice acutae, subobtusae, recurvatae, intus glabrae,
extus hirtellae; bracteae flores subtendentes lanceolatae, carinatae,
hirtellae; pedicelli graciles, aliquanto parce hirtelli; calycis segmenta
anguste lanceolata, apice acuta, glabra vel apice parce hirtella;
corolla sursum puberula, basi glabra, lobis ovatis, rotundatis; stamina
inclusa; staminodia parva, curvata; ovarium glabrum.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 749

Herbs; stems subquadrangular, glabrous or sparingly hirtellous
at and near the nodes, the hairs ascending, 0.28 mm. long; leaf
blades obovate, up to 16 cm. long and 5.8 em. wide above middle,
short and rather abruptly acuminate (the tip itself blunt), narrowed
at base, rather thin, entire or undulate, both surfaces glabrous except
costa and lateral veins (8 to 10 pairs), these sparingly hirtellous, the
hairs up to 0.16 mm. long, subappressed, the venation of both sur-
faces scarcely prominent but more so beneath than above; petioles

Ficure 274.—Pseuderanthemum chocoense Leonard (Triana s. n. “Prov. del Choco”): a, Tip
of plant; 6, a branch of the inflorescence; ¢, hairs from a portion of the rachis; d, calyx
segment; ¢, stamen and staminode; f, ovary. (a, Half natural size; b, 2}4 times natural
size; c, 70 times natural size; d, 4 times natural size; ¢, f, 10 times natural size.)

up to 6 mm. long and 1.25 mm. thick, sparingly hirtellous, the hairs
similar to those on the stems; panicles rather dense, up to 8 cm.
long and 3 cm. broad, narrowly ovoid and acute at tip, the branches
(1 to 2 pairs at each node) mostly 3 to 4 cm. long, the rachises rather
densely pubescent with ascending hairs up to 0.25 mm. long, these
conspicuously septate under a lens, the peduncle 4.5 cm. long,
1.75 mm. thick, hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the rachises
but not so numerous, the first internode of the panicle 2.5 cm, long,

750 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

the others successively shorter; bracts subtending the branches
of the panicle lanceolate, 6 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide near base,
narrowed to an acute bluntish recurved tip, the inner surface glab-
rous, the outer hirtellous, the hairs similar to those of the rachises;
bracts subtending the flowers lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 0.75 mm.
wide at base, carinate, hirtellous; pedicels up to 5 mm. long, rather
sparingly hirtellous; calyx 5 mm. long, the segments narrowly lanceo-
late, 4 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide near base, narrowed to an acute
tip, glabrous or bearing a few hairs on tips and margins; corolla 1 em.
long, moderately puberulous except the glabrous base (the hairs about
0.08 mm. long), the tube 1.5 mm. broad at base, narrowed above
ovary to 0.75 mm., thence gradually enlarged to 1.5 mm. at mouth,
the lobes ovate, about 2 mm. long and 1.25 mm. wide, rounded at
tip; stamens included, 2.5 mm. long, the anthers 1.5 mm. long, the
staminodes 1 mm. long, curved; ovary glabrous; capsules not seen.
Type in the Kew Herbarium, collected in the “Prov. del Chocé,”
Colombia, 150 meters altitude, March 1853, by J. Triana (No. 101-5).
The color of the corolla is not apparent in the dried material.

APPENDIX

LIST OF NUMBERED SPECIMENS
Parts I-III

ALFaro-P., 8.
27. Hygrophila guianensis

ALLEN, CYRIL

25. Justicia laevilinguis

368. Odontonema _bracteolatum
parviflorum

628. Justicia chaetocephala

839. Elytraria imbricata

841. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

844. Justicia sciota (type)

845. Aphelandra pulcherrima

865. Ruellia macrophylla

866. Odontonema bracteolatum

876. Trichanthera gigantea

912. Teliostachya alopecuroidea

913. Justicia pectoralis

934. Ruellia geminiflora

var.

ALLEN, Pau H., AND ALLEN,
Dororny O.

3229. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha

AnprRE, Enovarp

266.
287.
301.
402.
447,
512.
513.

Sanchezia pennellii

Aphelandra glabrata

Justicia comata

Ruellia pennellii

Justicia phytolaccoides

Sanchezia pennellii

Sanchezia pennellii

665. Stenandrium dulce

900. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
tha

1014. Ruellia tubiflora var.
chantha f. bicolor

1055. Aphelandra lamprantha (type)

1094. Justicia ischnorachis

1203. Ruellia aurantiaca (type)

1439 Ruellia ischnopoda

tetrasti-

1445. Ruellia tolimensis

1517. Justicia fusagasugana (type)
1658. Aphelandra conformis (type)
1713. Ruellia tuberosa

1859bis. Ruellia geminiflora

1865. Ruellia lorentziana

1881. Ruellia ischnopoda

2047. Aphelandra acanthus

2406. Ruellia lasiostachya

2848. Ruellia rusbyi

2916. Ruellia ischnopoda

4661. Aphelandra andrei (type)

ANTONIO-MIGUEL, BROTHER

121. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima

APOLINAR-ANGEL, BROTHER

488,
490.
491,
496.
515.
704.
762.

Justicia bracteosa

Justicia leucerythra

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Ruellia paniculata

Ruellia macrophylla

Hygrophila guianensis
Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

ApotinaR-Maria, BROTHER

92. Justicia sanchezioides
157. Justicia pectoralis

AraqueE-M., Jorar, & BaRrKLEY,
Frep A.

18An.360. Ruellia geminiflora var. an-
gustifolia

19An.032. Aphelandra blandii

19At.081. Aphelandra pulcherrima

19Bo.033. Aphelandra pulcherrima

19Bol.83. Elytraria imbricata

19Ch.034. Thunbergia grandiflora

19Ch.058. Justicia comata

19Ch.112. Justicia comata

18M.015. Justicia filibracteolata var.
leucantha

751

752

18M.018. Justicia ischnorhachis
18M.026. Justicia filibracteolata var.
leucantha
18M.027. Justicia filibracteolata var.
leucantha
18M.033. Aphelandra barkleyi (type)
18M.041. Hygrophila guianensis
18M.054. Teliostachya lanceolata
18M.058. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetras-
tichantha f. bicolor
18NS8.106. Ruellia tuberosa
18N8.153. Ruellia tuberosa
188.212. Trichanthera corymbosa
188.247. Hygrophila guianensis
188.275. Justicia bracteosa
188.316. Tetramerium nervosum
188.321. Tetramerium nervosum
188.341. Habracanthus smithii
18Va.068. Sanchezia pennellii
18Vi.128. Mendoncia hirsuta
ARAQuUE-M., JorcE; Oratora, An-
TONIO; & BARKLEY, Frep A.

18NS8.066. Aphelandra pulcherrima
ARCHER, W. A.

14. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
47. Thunbergia alata

88. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
460. Hygrophila guianensis

523. Trichanthera gigantea

574. Trichanthera gigantea

638. Justicia filibracteolata

818. Mendoncia gracilis

871. Justicia filibracteolata

899. Hygrophila guianensis

1093. Aphelandra runcinata

1354. Dicliptera scandens (type)
1417. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
1640. Justicia archeri (type)

1673. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium
1708. Mendoncia glabrescens

1731. Aphelandra lingua-bovis

1803. Sanchezia pennellii

1925. Justicia comata

2003. Aphelandra dolichantha

2012. Aphelandra lingua-bovis (type)
2097. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium
2120. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium
2174. Sanchezia lutea (type)

2220. Justicia comata

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

ARISTE-JOSEPH, BROTHER

A224. Habracanthus microcalyx (type)

A360. Aphelandra glabrata

A375. Pseuderanthemum atropur-
pureum

A946. Ruellia paniculata

A973. Ruellia tubiflora

1019, Aphelandra glabrata

1055. Thunbergia alata

1061. Trichanthera gigantea

1081. Aphelandra grandis

1082. Justicia filibracteolata

1085. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

BARKLEY, Frep A.

17C.345, Blechum brownei f. puberulum

BarkKLEY, Frep A., & ARAQuE-M.,
JORGE

20. Ruellia tuberosa
21. Ruellia tuberosa
22. Ruellia lorentziana

BarkKLeY, Frep A.; ARAQUE-MOoLINA,
JoraE; & Gémez-J., JAVIER

406. Justicia chlorostachya
424, Aphelandra runcinata

BaRKLEY, Frep A., & ArBoLepa-R.,
L. L.

3. Thunbergia fragrans

BarkLEy, Frep A.; Barros-N.,
Ovipio; & Atvarez-A., Ricarpo

381. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
393. Ruellia tuberosa

BarkLeY, Frep A.; Correa-V.,
Jatro; & Pérez-F., César A.
102. Justicia chlorostachya

BaRKLEY, Frep A.; Correa-V,,
Jarno; & Posapa-S., SAMUEL

101. Aphelandra runcinata
BarkKLEY, Frep A., & GuttfRrRez-V.,
GABRIEL

1834. Ruellia paniculata
1835. Ruellia inundata
1836. Elytraria imbricata
1857. Dicliptera assurgens

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

BaRKLEY, FreD A.; KuEVENS, MILTON
Jon; & GutT1£RREz-V., GABRIEL

17C.380. Ruellia tuberosa

BarRKLEY, Frep A.; Rfos-C., Danio; &
Bretrancourt-O., ALBERTO

618. Aphelandra scolnikae

BaRKLEY, FRED A.; SKOLNIK, Rosa; &

G6MEz, JAVIER
413. Justicia comata
BaRKLEY, FRED A.; ScoLNnik, Rosa; &
Orozco, TomAs G.
523. Aphelandra scolnikae (type)

BARKLEY, FrED A.; ScoLNIK, Rosa; &
Ramirez, Emitio

522. Justicia chlorostachya

BECHARA-ZAINUM, JUAN; ARAQUE-M.,
Jorasu; & BARKLEY, Frep A.

19Bo.085. Blechum brownei f. puber-
ulum

19Bo.094. Justicia comata

19Bo.218. Aphelandra pulcherrima

BILLBERG, JOHAN I.

1. Tetramerium nervosum

3. Ruellia paniculata

113. Elytraria imbricata
CamiLo, H. ANTONIO

78. Sanchezia lutea

Carpona-GonzALEz, Luis; Gutiir-
REZ-V., GABRIEL; & BARKLEY, FRED A,

18C.049. Justicia pectoralis
18C.077. Aphelandra daemonia
18C.089. Odontonema bracteolatum

CERVANTES, JULIO; ARAQUE-M., JoRGE;
& BARKLEY, FRED A.

19Bo.054. Blechum brownei f. puber-
ulum
19Bo.066. Ruellia tuberosa

CurErEsMAN, L. E.

533. Ruellia gorgonensis (type)

753

CoLLENETTE, C. L.

557. Sanchezia lutea
630. Aphelandra arisema
614. Justicia petraea (type)

Corn, Ear L.

591. Habracanthus pilosus

819. Pseuderanthemum thelothrix
(type)

825. Mendoncia lindavii

1200. Habracanthus corei (type)

1322. Neriacanthus lehmannianus

1324. Neriacanthus lehmannianus

1377. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

1482. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

1501. Trichanthera gigantea

1558. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii

1619. Aphelandra huilensis

CuaTREcasas, J.

209. Habracanthus callianthus

214. Dicliptera sciaphila (type)

1088. Ruellia tuberosa

1119. Ruellia tuberosa

1924. Trichanthera gigantea

1985. Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa

3577. Justicia comata

3810. Aphelandra deppeana

3816. Aphelandra deppeana

3978. Justicia comata

4046. Aphelandra deppeana

4139. Justicia filibracteolata

4195. Aphelandra deppeana

4269. Justicia periplocifolia

4422. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

4513. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha (type)

4518. Justicia ischnorhachis

4535. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha

4536. Ruellia humboldtiana

4538. Aphelandra barkleyi

4591. Ruellia tubiflora’ var.
(type)

4627. Sanchezia lutea

4631. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha

4701. Justicia filibracteolata var. auran-
tiaca

4709. Justicia ischnorhachis

4727. Ruellia geminiflora

6878. Aphelandra deppeana

hirsuta

754

7075.
7223.
7317.
7339.
7383.
7442.
7456.
7478.
7536.
7542.

Ruellia humboldtiana

Aphelandra pilosa (type)

Ruellia humboldtiana

Aphelandra deppeana

Justicia croceochlamys

Sanchezia pennellii

Aphelandra impressa

Aphelandra pilosa

Justicia hyperdasya (type)

Justicia hyperdasya

7586. Teliostachya lanceolata

7640. Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
folia

8519. Habracanthus floriferus (type)

8740. Habracanthus cuatrecasasii (type)

8859. Mendoncia coccinea

9052. Aphelandra pilosa

9064. Mendoncia pilosa

9147. Justicia filibracteolata var.
cina (type)

10524. Justicia polygonoides

10529. Ruellia tubiflora

10529a. Ruellia tolimensis (type)

10562. Aphelandra pilosa

10581. Justicia sanchezioides (type)

10629. Pseuderanthemum potamophil-
um (type)

10656. Aphelandra pilosa

10671. Pseuderanthemum poecilanthum
(type)

10733. Trichanthera gigantea

10757. Justicia idiogenes (type)

10848. Justicia hygrobia (type)

10918. Sanchezia pennellii

10919. Sanchezia putumayensis

10933. Justicia chloanantha

11007. Aphelandra impressa

11027. Ruellia colorata

11044. Teliostachya lanceolata

11051. Sanchezia pennellii

11086. Pseuderanthemum potamophil-
um

11109.

11134.

11137.

11157.

11231.

11241.

lila-

Sanchezia speciosa

Mendoncia cuatrecasasii (type)

Justicia chloanantha (type)

Justicia pelianthia (type)

Sanchezia parvibracteata

Hygrophila guianensis

11271. Kalbreyeriella gigas (type)

11276. Ruellia tubiflora var. parviflora
f. alba (type)

11352. Aphelandra crispata (type)

11435. Habracanthus aglaiis (type)

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

11631.
12873.
12883.
12897.
12976.

Aphelandra phobera

Aphelandra macrophylla (type)

Aphelandra parvispica (type)

Aphelandra macrophylla

Ruellia humboldtiana

13061. Justicia stereostachya (type)

13109, in part. Mendoncia coccinea
var. elliptica

13109, in part. Mendoncia sprucei

13198. Justicia unguiculata

13374. Aphelandra impressa

13382. Justicia ischnorhachis

13437. Trichanthera gigantea

13731. Justicia chrysea (type)

14111. Justicia comata

14236. Hygrophila guianensis

14345. Justicia comata

14346. Hygrophila tyttha

14461. Thunbergia alata

14510. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

14530. Ruellia malacosperma

15035. Ruellia potamophila

15160. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

15205. Mendoncia glabrescens

15216. Mendoncia cordata (type)

15275. Jacobinia tinctoria

15303. Justicia chlorostachya

15317. Pseuderanthemum — hylophilum
(type)

15388. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

15400. Aphelandra arborescens (type)

15436. Aphelandra leiophylla (type)

15438. Justicia chlorostachya

15468. Dicliptera sarcochroma (type)

15506. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

15625. Neriacanthus grandiflorus (type)

15916. Justicia comata

16003. Justicia comata

16060. Justicia comata

16069. Aphelandra hartwegiana

16322. Sanchezia pennellii

16334. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

16355. Aphelandra hartwegiana

16424. Ruellia colombiana (type)

16433. Pseuderanthemum _ ctenosper-
mum (type)

16444. Justicia chlorostachya

16672. Hygrophila tyttha

16705. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii (type)

16811. Justicia sterea (type)

16847. Mendoncia glabrescens

17093. Justicia comata

17101. Hygrophila tyttha

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

17182.
17231.
17238.
17317.
17529.
17605.
17736.
18314.

Mendoncia glabrescens

Aphelandra hartwegiana

Mendoncia glabrescens (type)

Pseuderanthemum chilianthium

Mendoncia litoralis (type)

Aphelandra hartwegiana

Pseuderanthemum chilianthium

Mendoncia gracilis

18484. Aphelandra phobera (type)

18515. Habracanthus pycnostachys
(type)

18656. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

18716. Teliostachya lanceolata

18751. Aphelandra arborescens

18783. Dicliptera cuatrecasasii (type)

19710. Ruellia isechnopoda

20236. Aphelandra euopla (type)

20941. Justicia malacophylla (type)

20947. Dicliptera driophila (type)

21205. Sanchezia pennellii

21206. Aphelandra hartwegiana

21246. Hygrophila tyttha

21428. Justicia killipii

21641. Mendoncia microchlamys

21646. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
(type)

22063. Justicia comata

22210. Justicia chlorostachya

22266. Justicia chlorostachya

22283. Aphelandra porphyrolepis (type)

22284. Aphelandra taborensis (type)

22620. Justicia filibracteolata

22631. Trichanthera gigantea

22728. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

22764. Thunbergia alata

22770. Justicia polygonoides

23321. Aphelandra acanthus

23462. Aphelandra huilensis

23467. Jacobinia amphibola (type)

23468. Habracanthus caucensis (type)

23848. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

23866. Hygrophila guianensis

23929. Habracanthus pycnostachys

23947. Ruellia potamophila

Cuatrecasas,J., & Garcfa-Barriaa, H.

9820. Dicliptera garciae (type)

Cuarrecasas, J.; Scuuttes, R. E.; &
Smiry, E.

12419. Habracanthus trichotus (type)
12511. Justicia fuchsiifolia (type)
12516. Aphelandra parvispica

750

Curran, H. M.

54. Trichanthera gigantea
99, Aphelandra deppeana
111. Aphelandra deppeana
222. Bravaisia integerrima
264a. Ruellia obtusa

308. Bravaisia integerrima
317. Bravaisia integerrima
321. Aphelandra pulcherrima
415. Ruellia tuberosa

DANIEL, BROTHER

897. Hygrophila guianensis

1790. Justicia filibracteolata

2172. Aphelandra runcinata

2970. Dicliptera danielii (type)

2974. Mendoncia gracilis

3965. Hygrophila guianensis

4024. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa

DanI£L, BrorHER, & TomAs, BROTHER

2589. Aphelandra blandii
3366. Justicia filibracteolata

Dawe, M. T.

Stenandrium dulce

Mendoncia lindavii

Justicia chaetocephala

Ruellia macrophylla
Aphelandra runcinata

Ruellia macrophylla
Pseuderanthemum dawei (type)
Aphelandra pilosa

201.
229.
440.
616.
766.
789.
847.
900.

DryYanpv_er, E.

47. Trichanthera gigantea

413. Thunbergia fragrans

681. Aphelandra arborescens
2140. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
2288. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
2337. Ruellia geminiflora

DuaGanp, A.

13. Bravaisia integerrima

83. Bravaisia integerrima

168. Bravaisia integerrima

412. Bravaisia integerrima

542. Bravaisia integerrima

580. Bravaisia integerrima

1063. Ruellia paniculata

3605. Pseuderanthemum atropurpure-

um

756

3623.
3630.
3633.
3639.
4014.
4420.
4427.

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM

Elytraria imbricata

Ruellia inundata

Ruellia paniculata

Elytraria imbricata

Ruellia inundata

Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Ruellia inundata

Dua@anp, A., & Garcfa-Barnrica, H.

2272.
2273.
2287.
2318.
2324.
2343.
2354.
2362.
2369.
2371.
2383.
2384.
2436.
2445.
2493.
2535.
2539.
2545.
2549.

Justicia bracteosa
Aphelandra pulcherrima
Justicia leucerythra
Elytraria imbricata
Bravaisia integerrima
Justicia carthaginensis
Justicia carthaginensis
Ruellia paniculata

Ruellia obtusa

Dicliptera assurgens
Ruellia obtusa

Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Ruellia inundata

Ruellia paniculata
Odontonema bracteolatum
Barleria cristata

Ruellia obtusa

Ruellia paniculata
Aphelandra pulcherrima

Duaanp, A., & JARAMILLO, R.

2701.
2725.
2740.
2767.
2797.
2798.
2800.

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Elytraria imbricata

Ruellia paniculata

Elytraria imbricata

Ruellia inundata

Dicliptera vahliana

Aphelandra pulcherrima

2852. Odontonema bracteolatum

2920. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha f. bicolor

3113. Ruellia humboldtiana

3117. Aphelandra pilosa

3242, Ruellia obtusa

3280. Ruellia obtusa

3871. Mendoncia gracilis

4053. Aphelandra pulcherrima

4061. Barleria micans

4091. Ruellia paniculata

4094. Bravaisia integerrima

4096. Justicia bracteosa

4154. Barleria micans

THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

4153. Odontonema bracteolatum var.
parviflorum

4155. Ruellia macrophylla

4160. Justicia leucerythra

4164. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

Duaug, J. M.

1051. Justicia comata

1339. Justicia pectoralis
phylla

1396. Thunbergia fragrans

1446. Ruellia lorentziana

1570A. Jacobinia magnifica

1660. Habracanthus pycnostachys

1701. Jacobinia tinctoria

1804. Thunbergia fragrans

var. steno-

Exias, BroTuer

143.
160.
234.
247.
287.
351.
433.
440.
444,
473,
487.
496.
502.
622.
670.
676.
681.
695.
705.
707.
720.
735.
742.
746.
753.

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

Elytraria imbricata

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

Ruellia obtusa

Justicia laevilinguis

Justicia carthaginensis

Ruellia paniculata

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Bravaisia integerrima

Nelsonia brunelloides

Bravaisia integerrima

Justicia bracteosa

Barleria cristata

Asystasia gangetica

Justicia bracteosa

Blechum brownei f. puberulum

Justicia leucerythra

Ruellia macrophylla

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Ruellia inundata

Ruellia paniculata

Barleria micans

Odontonema bracteolatum

Ruellia inundata

Barleria cristata

788. Ruellia macrophylla

794. Thunbergia grandiflora f.
(type)

821. Ruellia paniculata

857. Ruellia inundata

860. Aphelandra pulcherrima

915. Klytraria imbricata

952. Bravaisia integerrima

974. Bravaisia integerrima

alba

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

980. Barleria cristata

988. Ruellia obtusa

1034. Justicia carthaginensis
1155. Ruellia inundata
1180. Justicia bracteosa
1265. Bravaisia integerrima
1375. Ruellia paniculata
1385. Ruellia inundata
1408. Thunbergia grandiflora
1411. Justicia leucerythra
1498. Justicia bracteosa
1507. Bravaisia integerrima

Ewan, JOSEPH A.

Stenandrium humboldtianum

Dicliptera ewanii (type)

Pseuderanthemum ewanii (type)

15732. Aphelandra runcinata

15833. Thunbergia grandiflora f. citrina
(type)

16501. Aphelandra gilva (type)

16785. Ruellia tubiflora var. parviflora

(type)

15622.
15628.
15629.

FERNANDEZ, A.

264 Aphelandra fernandezii (type)
30U. Justicia filibracteolata

354. Aphelandra hartwegiana
FrrnAnpez, A., & Mora, L. E.

1442. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum

Fossere, F. R.

19129.
19131.
19492.
19791.
19941.
20115.
20160.
20386.
20901.
21113.
21244,
21438.
21445,
22126.

Mendoncia sprucei
Aphelandra coccinantha (type)
Justicia macarenensis
Hansteinia charitopes (type)
Habracanthus caucensis
Jacobinia amphibola

Ruellia humboldtiana
Hygrophila guianensis
Habracanthus ampelinus
Aphelandra acanthus
Justicia atacta (type)
Dicliptera assurgens

Ruellia humboldtiana
Ruellia tuberosa

FossBera, F. R., & Fassett, N. C.

21733. Habracanthus syscius (type)
21809. Aphelandra trichota (type)

757

Foster, M. B.
2360. Ruellia tuberosa

Nicotas, & Scuum, Lovis

JOSEPH

FUNCK,

694. Ruellia tuberosa

GABRIEL, H. ANTONINO

6. Stenandrium dulce

Garcfa-Barnriga, H.

Justicia filibracteolata

Trichanthera gigantea

Blechum brownei f. puberulum

Thunbergia alata

Habracanthus scolnikae

Ruellia geminiflora

5126. Ruellia humboldtiana

5131. Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
folia

5158. Ruellia geminiflora

5177. Dicliptera ochrochlamys (type)

5181. Phaulopsis oppositifolia

5196. Ruellia geminiflora

5304. Mendoncia lindavii

6327. Hygrophila guianensis

7658. Trichanthera gigantea

7720. Mendoncia odorata

8337. Mendoncia gracilis

8341. Justicia phytolaccoides

8346. Justicia phytolaccoides

10998. Ruellia longifilamentosa

11128. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium

11524. Hygrophila guianensis

11727. Aphelandra deppeana

12049. Pseuderanthemum atropurpur-
eum

12114. Trichanthera gigantea

12137. Ruellia tuberosa

12148. Ruellia tuberosa

12193. Trichanthera gigantea

12203. Trichanthera gigantea

12268. Aphelandra lasia

12273. Aphelandra acanthus

12322. Ruellia fulgida var.
sima

12323. Aphelandra lasia

12347. Dicliptera columbiana

12353. Justicia phytolaccoides

12355. Dicliptera columbiana (type)

12358. Aphelandra glabrata

3067.
4314.
4702.
4704.
4857.
5107.

angustis-

758

12381. Justicia polygonoides

12390. Hygrophila guianensis

12394. Mendoncia lindavii

12417. Justicia filibracteolata var. pub-
escens

12467. Justicia filibracteolata var. pub-
escens

12473. Odontonema ampelocaule (type)

12478. Ruellia longifilamentosa

12543. Trichanthera gigantea

12589. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum

12595. Stenandrium humboldtianum

12646. Justicia phytolaccoides

13415. Ruellia tuberosa

13454. Ruellia obtusa f. albiflora (type)

13653. Justicia neurochlamys

13718. Justicia pectoralis

14096. Justicia neurochlamys (type)

14377. Pseuderanthemum galbanum
(type)

14399. Mendoncia garciae (type)

14403. Mendoncia phalacra (type)

Garcfa-Barriaa, H., & Hawxss, J. G.

12685. Jacobinia magnifica

Garcfa-Barriga, H.; Hawkgs, J. G.; &
VILLARREAL, M.

12945. Habracanthus hylobius
12960. Justicia chlorostachya

GaRGANTA-FABREGA, MiaueL Dr

782. Justicia filibracteolata
902. Ruellia tuberosa
1075. Ruellia tuberosa

GIACOMETTO, JUAN

78. Odontonema
parviflorum

80. Justicia chrysocoma

94. Odontonema bracteolatum

1000. Justicia carthaginensis

1049. Elytraria imbricata

bracteolatum — var.

GranceEr, J. S., & Ropriaurz-A., C.
10. Aphelandra grangeri (type)
Grant, Martin L.

9011. Habracanthus callianthus (type)
9167. Aphelandra atectmarta (type)

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

9439. Habracanthus charien (type)

9647. Habracanthus ampelinus (type)

9811. Aphelandra quadrifaria (type)

10013. Ruellia grantii (type)

10278. Justicia aurantiaca

10363. Aphelandra grantii (type)

10388. Ruellia humboldtiana

10431. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha f. caesolineata (type)

10706. Ruellia paniculata

10731. Habracanthus antipharmacus
(type)

10764. Ruellia macrophylla

10900. Justicia enarthrocoma (type)

11000. Ruellia macrophylla

Grant, Martin L., & Fossere, F. R.

9319. Aphelandra fosbergii (type)
9326. Habracanthus xantholeucus(type)
9341. Justicia aurantiaca (type)

9343. Habracanthus pilosus (type)

Grant, Martin L.; Kitup, HE. P.; &
Fossere, F. R.

9124. Aphelandra pinarotricha (type)
GuEvaRaA-AMORTEGUI, B.

260. Aphelandra grandis (type)
267. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum
315. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

GUTIERREZ-V., GABRIEL

410. Thunbergia grandiflora
416. Justicia comata

1146. Aphelandra runcinata
1300. Justicia sciera (type)

GuT1£éRREz-V., GasrigL, & BARKLEY,
Frep A.

17C.036. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
170.041. Ruellia tuberosa

17C.174. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
17C.523. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

GuTIGRREZ-V., GABRIEL, & SCHULTES,
RicHARD EVANs

506. Aphelandra schultesii

606. Justicia gutierrezii (type)
789. Mendoncia pedunculata
936. Aphelandra schultesii (type)

1315.
1379.
1464.

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

Havuaut, Oscar

Aphelandra incarnata (type)
Odontonema coccineum
Aphelandra crenata (type)

1496a. Ruellia aquatica

1497.
1498.
1538.
1561.
1580.
1581.
1603.
1672.
1750.
1754.
1762.
1788.
1799.
1807.
1821.
1835.
1862.

Aphelandra mollis

Ruellia pennellii

Sanchezia pennellii

Ruellia pennellii

Ruellia pennellii

Justicia daidalea (type)
Justicia daidalea

Jacobinia axiologa
Aphelandra straminea (type)
Justicia helonoma (type)
Ruellia aquatica (type)
Justicia phytolaccoides
Mendoncia gilva (type)
Justicia phytolaccoides
Mendoncia lindavii
Sanchezia pennellii

Justicia filibracteolata var. pubes-

cens

1936.
1948.
1986.
2055.
2086.
2099.
2098.
2135.
2138.
2186.
2283.
2302.
2360.
2364.
2388.
2396.
2414.

Aphelandra grandis
Aphelandra haughtii (type)
Jacobinia axiologa (type)
Odontonema coccineum (type)
Aphelandra haughtii

Ruellia pennellii

Aphelandra incarnata

Justicia namatophylla (type)
Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa
Justicia helonoma

Justicia chaetocephala

Justicia chaetocephala

Justicia chaetocephala

Ruellia ischnopoda (type)
Justicia comata

Justicia erythrantha
Chaetochlamys columbiensis

(type)

2449.
2458.
2494,

2501.
2528.
2532.
2536.
2560.
2569.

Aphelandra glabrata
Ruellia humboldtiana
Mendoncia odorata (type)
Aphelandra deppeana
Aphelandra barkleyi
Phaulopsis oppositifolia
Aphelandra pilosa
Justicia ischnorhachis
Ruellia tubiflora

var, tetrasti-

chantha f. bicolor (type)

2596

759

. Ruellia geminifolia var. angusti-

folia

2613.
2812.
2841.
2853.
3632.
3645.
3659.
3716.
3727.
3739.
3746.

Aphelandra deppeana
Ruellia humboldtiana
Odontonema coccineum
Justicia phytolaccoides
Justicia aéthes (type)
Justicia chaetocephala
Ruellia macrophylla
Justicia chaetocephala
Odontonema bracteolatum
Justicia leucerythra
Ruellia macrophylla var. puberula

(type)

3759
3775

3816.
3864.
3865.
3928.
3929.
3930.
3931.
3944.
3945.
3946.
3947.
3974,
3989.
3999.
4021.
4072.
4282.
4384.
4391.
4484.
4510.
4545,
4549,
4554.
4564.
4565.
4699.
4723.
4750.
4751.
4753.
4760.
4763.
4766.
4772.
4773.
4775.

. Aphelandra pulcherrima

. Chaetothylax haughtii (type)
Justicia pharmacodes

Ruellia inundata

Elytraria imbricata

Justicia bracteosa
Siphonoglossa calcarea (type)
Ruellia inundata
Tetramerium nervosum
Aphelandra phlogea (type)
Aphelandra lasia (type)
Odontonema bracteolatum
Justicia chrysocoma
Pseuderanthemum haughtii(type)
Bravaisia integerrima
Justicia pharmacodes
Ruellia paniculata

Justicia pharmacodes (type)
Mendoncia speciosa

Ruellia obtusa

Justicia carthaginensis
Odontonema bracteolatum
Habracanthus antipharmacus
Sanchezia pennellii
Trichanthera gigantea
Justicia ephemera

Justicia phlebophylla (type)
Justicia homoea (type)
Aphelandra hartwegiana
Kalbreyeriella rostellata
Justicia bracteosa

Ruellia inundata

Justicia carthaginensis
Tetramerium nervosum
Justicia leucerythra

Ruellia paniculata

Justicia filibracteolata
Justicia filibracteolata
Justicia ephemera (type)

760 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM
4922.
4929.
4953.
4976,

Mendoncia mirabilis (type)

Ruellia chariessa (type)

Justicia polygonoides

Blechum haughtii (type)

5174, Aphelandra phobera

5323. Pseuderanthemum ctenosper-
mum

5337. Aphelandra craura (type)

5390. Pseuderanthemum ctenosper-
mum

5489. Pseuderanthemum diachylum
(type)

5528. Aphelandra incarnata

6013. Razisea spicata

6031. Habracanthus lamprus (type)

6108. Aphelandra runcinata var. stram-
inea (type)

6179. Dicliptera haughtii (type)

6242. Justicia phytolaccoides (type)

6243. Aphelandra incarnata

6256. Ruellia tubiflora

6382. Ruellia ischnopoda

6383. Justicia infelix

6385. Ruellia tubiflora

6429. Ruellia tubiflora

6711. Elytraria imbricata

6716. Justicia carthaginensis

6729. Justicia leucerythra (type)

6730. Aphelandra daemonia

Hawkgs, J. G.
587. Aphelandra mildbraediana

HERIBERTO, BROTHER

100. Ruellia tuberosa

136. Elytraria imbricata

188. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha

268. Aphelandra pulcherrima

276. Justicia bracteosa

303. Ruellia paniculata

304. Ruellia paniculata

312. Elytraria imbricata

357. Aphelandra deppeana

367. Justicia comata

410. Thunbergia fragrans

415. Aphelandra pulcherrima

460. Ruellia macrophylla

HERMANN, F. J.

10926. Trichanthera gigantea
10942. Ruellia humboldtiana

THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

10973. Aphelandra deppeana

11102. Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-
folia

11117. Ruellia tubiflora var.
stichantha f. bicolor

11156. Teliostachya alopecuroidea

11198. Ruellia geminiflora

11287. Justicia comata

tetra-

HEeRNANDEZ-C., JORGE
809. Dicliptera uribei

HILARINO-ANGEL, BROTHER

50. Justicia bracteosa
97. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
109. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

Hopag, W. H

Justicia hodgei (type)

Jacobinia axiologa

Aphelandra hodgei (type)
Habracanthus hispidulus (type)
Aphelandra runcinata

Justicia phlebophylla

Aphelandra lingua-bovis
Odontonema stenostachyum
Aphelandra hartwegiana

6504.
6511.
6513.
6585.
6605.
6978.
7012.
7034.
7053.

Hotton, I. F.

10. Sanchezia pennellii

23. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima
25. Ruellia ischnopoda

282. Ruellia tubiflora

592. Aphelandra acanthus

594. Justicia polygonoides

595. Aphelandra glabrata

597. Ruellia geminiflora

598. Ruellia lorentziana

600. Ruellia ischnopoda

Iproso, J. M.

536.
566.

Pseuderanthemum idroboi (type)
Mendoncia villosa

Iproso, J. M., & FernAnpez, A.
30. Thunbergia alata
243. Jacobinia tinctoria
Iproso, J. M., & ScHuttres, RicHarpD
EVANS

568. Ruellia tubiflora var.
antha f. bicolor
631. Aphelandra pilosa

tetrastich-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE

682. Sanchezia pennellii

825. Justicia cystolithosa (type)

840. Aphelandra impressa

885. Aphelandra crenata

916. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-

antha, f. bicolor
920. Ruellia potamophila
959. Justicia ischnorhachis
1079. Justicia charadrophila (type)
1207. Aphelandra lamprantha
1218. Justicia macarenensis
1223. Aphelandra deppeana
1283. Justicia cystolithosa

JoHNsoN, WitiiaM, & BARKLEY,
Frep A.

18C.409. Aphelandra glabrata
18C.448. Ruellia colombiana

Ka.BREYER, W.

344. Aphelandra nana

611. Aphelandra mildbraediana

794. Aphelandra lasia

930. Justicia xanthostachya (type)

1043. Justicia jacobinioides (type)

1171. Justicia fuchsiifolia

1252. Syringidium atropurpureum
(type)

1257. Ruellia geminifiora

1524. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

1849. Aphelandra quadrifaria

2049. Ruellia tubiflora

Kiuurp, E. P.

Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Hygrophila guianensis
Aphelandra pharangophila (type)
Pseuderanthemum dawei
Justicia chlorostachya
Mendoncia gracilis

Aphelandra phobera

Dicliptera killipii (type)
Justicia chlorostachya
Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii
7786. Justicia chlorostachya

8335. Dicliptera pilosa

11175. Mendoncia pennellii

11451. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
11477. Ruellia potamophila

11565. Justicia comata
388179—57——29

5078.
5290.
5294.
5676.
5692.
5699.
6147.
6796.
6818.
7684.
7742.
7783.

OF COLOMBIA, III 761

11584.

11635.

11788.

34261.

34330.
folia

34345. Trichanthera gigantea

34354. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha f. bicolor

34355. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha

34361. Ruellia humboldtiana

34377. Mendoncia lindavii

34489. Aphelandra barkleyi

34738. Aphelandra dolichantha

34738bis. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

34747. Ruellia potamophila (type)

34807. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

34839. Hygrophila guianensis

34890. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

34892. Fittonia argyroneura

34938. Aphelandra cuatrecasasii

35008. Sanchezia pennellii

35198. Justicia filibracteolata

35270. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium
(type)

35365. Thunbergia fragrans

35374. Aphelandra killipii (type)

35383. Hygrophila tyttha (type)

35386. Teliostachya lanceolata

35399. Sanchezia pennellii

35469. Justicia killipii (type)

35534. Fittonia argyroneura

35574. Justicia infelix (type)

35586. Aphelandra glabrata

35589. Justicia filibracteolata var. azu-
rea (type)

35590. Pachystachys riedeliana

35666. Justicia chlorostachya

37107. Ruellia macrophylla var. lutea
(type, Venezuela)

38086. Habracanthus hylobius

Mendoncia gracilis

Ruellia geminiflora

Aphelandra dolichantha

Justicia comata

Ruellia geminiflora var. angusti-

Kmur, E. P.; Barxury, Frep A.; &
DANIEL, BROTHER
39837. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa
(type)
Kup, FE. P., & Cuarrecasas, J.
38856. Hygrophila tyttha

38857. Ruellia pennellii
39123. Aphelandra garciae

762

Kiturp, E. P.; Duganp, A.; & Jara-
MILLO, R.

38155.
38237.
38257.
38284.
38289.
383 46.

Aphelandra glabrata
Aphelandra glabrata

Ruellia lorentziana Griseb.
Justicia erythrantha (type)
Chaetochlamys columbiensis
Aphelandra longispica (type)

Kiuip, E. P., & Garcia, Hernanpo

33318. Pseuderanthemum

mum
33400.
33444,
33532.
33559.
33576,
33589,
33598.
35639.
33671.
33678.
33889.

ctenosper-

Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Aphelandra dolichantha
Aphelandra garciae (type)
Ruellia pennellii

Aphelandra incarnata
Trichanthera gigantea
Justicia comata

Aphelandra hartwegiana
Justicia chlorostachya (type)
Neriacanthus lehmannianus
Neriacanthus lehmannianus

Kip, E. P., & Hazen, Tracy EB.

8795. Justicia chlorostachya
11152. Neriacanthus lehmannianus

Kinuip, E. P., & Smirn, ALBERT C.

14148.
14186.
14212.
14288.
14310.
14516.
14711,
14719.
14767.
14895.
14936.
14979.
15368.
15452,
16091.
16138.
16283.
16355.
16426.

Justicia carthaginensis

Elytraria imbricata

Ruellia obtusa

Elytraria imbricata

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Aphelandra pulcherrima

Justicia carthaginensis

Justicia comata

Blechum brownei f. puberulum

Mendoncia lindavii

Justicia comata

Megaskepasma erythrochlamys

Mendoncia rosea (type)

Trichanthera gigantea

Justicia anabasa (type)

Aphelandra runcinata

Aphelandra albert-smithii (type)

Barleria micans

Trichanthera gigantea

16462. Justicia chrysocoma

16491. Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
bescens

16797. Justicia chrysocoma (type)

~

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

16816. Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
bescens

17031. Justicia filibracteolata

17042. Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
bescens

19040. Justicia filibracteolata

19257. Habracanthus smithii (type)

19262. Aphelandra runcinata

19359. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha

19391. Justicia chrysocoma

19966. Habracanthus killipii (type)

20080. Justicia filibracteolata var. pu-
bescens

20140, Trichanthera corymbosa (type)

20157. Habracanthus diversicolor

20451. Habracanthus killipii

20504. Trichanthera gigantea

20534. Trichanthera gigantea

20807. Justicia filibracteolata

20891. Trichanthera gigantea

20931. Aphelandra pulcherrima

20932. Odontonema bracteolatum

20978. Ruellia tuberosa

21100. Justicia rohrii

Kiuurp, E. P., & Vareta, GuILLERMO
34685. Aphelandra acanthus

Kuve, G.

Sanchezia putumayensis (type)
Justicia sanchezioides

Ruellia putumayensis (type)
Mendoncia glomerata (type)
Justicia pampolystachys (type)
Justicia martiana

Mendoncia aspera

Justicia filibracteolata var. lila-

1653.
1693.
1696.
1710.
1724,
1742.
1760.
1768.
cina
1813. Justicia idiogenes
1918. Mendoncia pedunculata

Kore, M.

4671. Habracanthus xanthothrix (type)
5043. Mendoncia trichota (type)
5056. Dicliptera koiei (type)

Lanauassk, E.
44. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
LAUREANO-JAVIER, BROTHER

17. Habracanthus hylobius

-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

LAWRANCE, A. E.

18. Aphelandra chaponensis (type)

60. Justicia chaponensis (type)

69. Mendoncia lindavii

198. Razisea spicata

201. Aphelandra parviflora (type)

234. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

243. Aphelandra lawranceae

244, Aphelandra lawranceae (type)

252. Aphelandra lawranceae

258. Dicliptera batilliformis (type)

264. Mendoncia microchlamys (type)

291. Aphelandra parviflora

363. Mendoncia odorata

367. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

441. Pseudoranthemum chaponense
(type)

491. Ruellia viridiflora (type)

501. Pseuderanthemum chaponense
f. lilacinum (type)

502. Cyphacanthus atopa (type)

564. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha f. bicolor

565. Aphelandra boyacensis (type)

601. Aphelandra alexandri (type)

680. Aphelandra adscendens (type)

694. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

761. Mendoncia pennellii

LEHMANN, F. C.

B.T.428.

B.T.435.

B.T.438.

B.T.449.

B.T.654.
lum

B.T.1165. Aphelandra pharangophila

1854. Thunbergia alata

1887. Pachystachys riedeliana

2966. Neriacanthus lehmannianus

3040. Trichanthera gigantea

3164. Ruellia colorata

3335. Ruellia ischnopoda

4062. Justicia carthaginensis

4104. Odontonema coccineum

4478. Ruellia rusbyi

4739. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima

4740. Jacobinia spicigera

4985. Fittonia argyroneura

5505. Ruellia geminiflora

5506. Aphelandra sericophylla

5600. Fittonia argyroneura

Jacobinia tinctoria

Justicia filibracteolata
Jacobinia tinctoria
Neriacanthus lehmannianus
Blechum brownei f. puberu-

763

5601.
6107.
6410.
6442,
7266.
7440,
7574,
7845.
7846.
7849,
7850.

Justicia chlorostachya

Justicia carthaginensis

Ruellia tuberosa

Stenandrium dulce

Pseuderanthemum cladodes (type)

Aphelandra colombiensis (type)

Aphelandra runcinata

Aphelandra incarnata

Aphelandra runcinata

Dicliptera vahliana

Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima

7851. Jacobinia tinctoria

7852. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
(type)

8534. Pseuderanthemum dawei

8632. Aphelandra puberula

8692. Ruellia ischnopoda

8822. Ruellia humboldtiana

9047. Aphelandra hartwegiana

9048. Encephalosphaera vitellina (type)

LINDEN, J. J.

703. Odontonema bracteolatum var.
parviflorum

LirtLe, EvBert L.

7930. Trichanthera gigantea
8030. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa
8135. Aphelandra porphyrocarpa

LONGFIELD, C.
381. Ruellia gorgonensis

Léprz, F., & Sancuez, M. J.

41. Justicia phlebophylla
53. Odontonema stenostachyum (type)
61. Trichanthera gigantea

Mason, Hrrbert L.

13817. Ruellia geminiflora
13978. Ruellia tuberosa

Mesa-B., D.

82. Hygrophila guianensis
Mercatr, R. D.
30019. Ruellia tuberosa

Mercatr, R. D., & Cuatrecasas, J.

30075. Ruellia pennellii

764

Mo.LpENKE, ALMA; WILLARD, Luts; &
BaRKLEY, Frep A.

18VC.000. Ruellia geminiflora
Monina, FELIX
35, Habracanthus heliophilus (type)
Muotis, Jos# CELESTINO

440.
720.
725,
892.
894.
895.
916.
924,
1488.
1489.
1494.
1498.
1500,
1501,
1502.
1503.
1504,
1508.
1509.
1512.
1943.
1944.
3904.

Ruellia ischnopoda
Aphelandra glabrata
Justicia polygonoides
Justicia phytolaccoides
Mendoncia lindavii
Mendoncia villosa
Mendoncia mutisii (type)
Mendoncia lindavii
Justicia comata
Aphelandra deppeana
Aphelandra aurantiaca
Ruellia ischnopoda
Pseuderanthemum pennellii
Aphelandra straminea
Aphelandra longispica
Justicia phytolaccoides
Aphelandra glabrata
Habracanthus hylobius
Aphelandra chaponensis
Justicia filibracteolata
Aphelandra mutisii (type)
Aphelandra phobera
Justicia chaetocephala

NIeMEYeER, ERNESTINE H.

1. Sanchezia pennellii
27. Ruellia macrophylla

NovaL, Marra D1 Pauma, & BarkKLey,
Frep A,

18C.484. Aphelandra runcinata

Pau, BroTHer

B-7. Elytraria imbricata
B-19, Justicia laevilinguis
B-26. Dicliptera vahliana
B-34. Ruellia paniculata
B-36. Ruellia inundata
C-11. Ruellia obtusa
25. Pseuderanthemum
42. Ruellia paniculata

atropurpureum

PENNELL, FRANcIS W.

1384. Mendoncia sprucei

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

1397. Mendoncia lindavii

1473. Justicia comata

1475. Mendoncia lindavii

1478. Ruellia tubiflora var.
chantha f. bicolor

1551. Hygrophila guianensis

1630. Ruellia humboldtiana

1714. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha

2191. Stenandrium dulce

2667. Habracanthus eallianthus

2700. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum

2722. Justicia carthaginensis

2783. Ruellia geminiflora

2812. Justicia carthaginensis

2831. Justicia erythrantha

2842. Thunbergia alata

3132. Aphelandra acanthus

3218. Hygrophila guianensis

3320. Aphelandra pharangophila

3390. Justicia filibracteolata

3397. Justicia chlorostachya

3675. Ruellia geminiflora

3752. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

3798. Sanchezia pennellii (type)

3822. Justicia comata

3927. Justicia comata

3948, Justicia laevilinguis

3958. Justicia laevilinguis

3983. Staurogyne lepidagathoides
(type)

3985. Chaetothylax leucanthus (type)

4021. Justicia bracteosa

4026. Tetramerium nervosum

4028. Ruellia inundata

4030. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

4037. Dicliptera vahliana

4041. Justicia comata

4057. Aphelandra deppeana

4071. Justicia carthaginensis

4098. Justicia comata

4101. Trichanthera gigantea

4104. Barleria micans

4108. Aphelandra pulcherrima

4115. Ruellia macrophylla

4178, in part. Ruellia macrophylla

4178, in part. Ruellia pennellii

4182. Ruellia colombiana

4206, in part. Justicia polygonoides

4206, in part. Justicia pectoralis

4236. Chaetothylax leucanthus

4436. Pseuderanthemum _ stenosiphon

(type)

tetrasti-

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

4453.
4499,
4500.
4526.

Pseuderanthemum stenosiphon

Dicliptera megalochlamys (type)

Justicia graphophylla (type)

Ruellia colombiana

4529. Justicia leptochlamys (type)

4542. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrasti-
chantha

4573. Sanchezia pennellii

4580. Aphelandra hartwegiana

4581. Aphelandra incarnata

4654. Justicia pectoralis

4657. Justicia comata

4658. Ruellia pennellii (type)

4697. Bravaisia integerrima

4728. Ruellia paniculata

4743. Ruellia paniculata

4750. Dicliptera vahbliana

4764. Ruellia obtusa

4779. Dicliptera vahliana

5475. Ruellia geminiflora

5676. Aphelandra glabrata

6047. Ruellia geminiflora

7556. Habracanthus oresbius (type)

7622. Justicia chlorostachya

9704. Aphelandra acanthus

10158. Aphelandra runcinata

10184. Ruellia pennellii

10273. Justicia filibracteolata

10291. Thunbergia alata

10320. Dicliptera hazenii

10347. Justicia chlorostachya

10414. Habracanthus pennellii (type)

10593. Hygrophila guianensis

10601. Mendoncia pennellii (type)

10624. Aphelandra arborescens

10625. Pseuderanthemum ellipticum

10684. Pseuderanthemum pennellii
(type)

10798. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

10802. Thunbergia alata

10811. Justicia comata

10940. Aphelandra runcinata

10974. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

12046. Justicia carthaginensis

12047. Ruellia obtusa

12069. Elytraria imbricata

PENNELL, Francis W., & Kiuuip, E. P.

5759.
5789.
5970.
6193.
7392.

Justicia chlorostachya
Neriacanthus lehmannianus
Ruellia geminiflora
Trichanthera gigantea
Aphelandra phobera

765

7436. Habracanthus oresbius
8270. Hygrophila guianensis
12131. Justicia chlorostachya

PENNELL, Francis W.; Kiuurp, E. P.;
& Hazen, Tracy E.

8414.
8493.
8505.

Justicia polygonoides
Hygrophila guianensis

Justicia filibracteolata

8572. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
8630. Hygrophila guianensis

8630a, Pseuderanthemum ellipticum
8635. Thunbergia alata

8637. Hygrophila guianensis

8695. Dicliptera hazenii (type)

8697. Justicia filibracteolata

PENNELL, Francis W., & Russy, H. H.

18. Ruellia obtusa
24. Justicia laevilinguis
199a. Hygrophila guianensis

Pérez-ARBELAEZ, FE.

35. Aphelandra barkleyi

50. Ruellia humboldtiana

379. Thunbergia grandiflora

382. Thunbergia fragrans

385. Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum

399. Ruellia lorentziana

417. Aphelandra glabrata

576. Ruellia tubiflora var.
antha

577. Thunbergia fragrans

587. Justicia pleurolarynx

733. Fittonia verschaffeltii

746. Justicia sanchezioides

tetrastich-

2380. Hygrophila guianensis

2471. Ruellia tuberosa

2518. Ruellia lorentziana

3031. Stenandrium dulce

3105. Chaetochlamys columbiensis

3106. Dicliptera nanodes (type)

3148. Pseuderanthemum atropurpure-
um

4890. Ruellia tuberosa
5343. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha

Pérez-ARBELAEZ, E., &
CUATRECASAS, J.

5320. Aphelandra runcinata
5346. Thunbergia alata var. bakeri
5369. Hygrophila guianensis

766

5788.
5977,
6183.
6260.
6267.
6332.
6333.
6372,
8132.
8336.

Dicliptera driophila
Dicliptera caucensis (type)
Justicia chlorostachya
Habracanthus hylobius
Justicia chlorostachya
Trichanthera gigantea
Thunbergia alata

Justicia infelix
Trichanthera gigantea
Ruellia grisea (type)

Puitipson, W. R., & Iprozso, J. M,

1794. Justicia cystolithosa

Puittrson, W. R.; Ipropo, J. Mu; &
FERNANDEZ, A,

1351, Aphelandra barkleyi

1364. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastich-
antha f. bicolor

1419. Aphelandra lamprantha

1496. Mendoncia lindavii

1578. Justicia macarenensis (type)

1579. Justicia croceochlamys

1580. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha

1627. Justicia filibracteolata var. lila-
cina,

1627a. Teliostachya
crispa

1634. Justicia filibracteolata var. lila-
cina

1639. Trichanthera gigantea

1722. Sanchezia pennellii

lanceolata var.

Puitirson, W. R.; Iprono, J. M.; &
JARAMILLO, R.

2046. Ruellia potamophila
2146. Justicia cystolithosa
2183. Justicia oreopola (type)

Pirrrer, H.

610. Neriacanthus lehmannianus
1506. Fittonia verschaffeltii

Pring, Greorce H.
36. Stenandrium dulce
Recorp, 8. J.

35. Justicia rohrii
36. Aphelandra daemonia

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Rfos-C., Danito; BARKLEY, Frep A.; &
BeTancourt-O., ALBERTO

605. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

Romero-CasteNepa, R.

34. Bravaisia integerrima

257. Ruellia macrophylla

557. Justicia leucerythra

583. Aphelandra daemonia

597. Ruellia macrophylla

608. Odontonema bracteolatum var.

parviflorum
1225. Mendoncia hirsuta

Rurz-L., Epuarpo; Rivera, RAFAEL;
& Barkiey, Frep A.

18C.316. Blechum brownei f. puberulum
18C.388. Aphelandra incarnata
18C.430. Justicia phlebophylla

Russy, H, H.
4799. Ruellia obtusa

Russy, H. H., & Penneun, Francis W.

167.
250.
398.
409.
470.
486.
487.
510.
548.
891.
1000.
1060,
1104,
1163,
1178.

Ruellia tuberosa
Ruellia tubiflora
Ruellia geminiflora
Aphelandra glabrata
Aphelandra anomala (type)
Chaetothylax huilensis (type)
Dicliptera rhombochlamys (type)
Ruellia rusbyi
Ruellia rusbyi
Aphelandra porphyroecarpa (type)
Ruellia rusbyi (type)
Ruellia ischnopoda
Ruellia ischnopoda
Ruellia tuberosa
Blechum brownei f. puberulum

SANDEMAN, CHRISTOPHER

140. Neriacanthus lehmannianus

5814. Justicia ischnorhachis

9821. Ruellia tubiflora’ var.
chantha f. bicolor

5999. Justicia bracteosa

tetrasti-

SARMIENTO, A.

6. Justicia chlorostachya

LEONARD—-THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

ScHIEFER, HELEN

757, Ruellia humboldtiana

790. Mendoncia lindavii

791. Aphelandra schieferae (type)
813. Justicia unguiculata

813A. Justicia unguiculata (type)
828. Justicia filibracteolata var.

cantha
851. Aphelandra barkleyi

leu-

Scuiim, Louis JosSEPH

136.
258.
278.
537.
779.
780.

Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima
Aphelandra macrophylla
Aphelandra deppeana
Aphelandra mildbraediana
Ruellia tubiflora

Aphelandra nana (type)

887. Justicia pharmacodes

894. Ruellia paniculata

1093. Justicia sanchezioides

Scuort, A.

5. Dicliptera vahliana
6. Justicia carthaginensis

Scuuttes, Ricoarp Evans

Fittonia verschaffeltii

Ruellia colorata

Justicia idiogenes

Sanchezia thinophila (type)

6630. Aphelandra aurantiaca

6937. Sanchezia thinophila f. glabra
(type)

8248. Justicia comata

3480.
3507.
3538.
6607.

ScHu.tes, RicHarpD Evans; BAKER,
R. E. D.; & Caprera, Istporo

18455. Aphelandra pilosa
18556. Justicia pectoralis

Scuuttes, Ricuarp Evans, & Buack,
Gronrce A.

8317. Justicia blackii (type)
8697. Justicia blackii

Scuuttes, Ricnarp Evans, & CABRERA,
IsIDORO

12575. Justicia pectoralis
12679. Justicia cabrerae

12701. Justicia cabrerae (type)
12703. Justicia chlorostachya
13322. Justicia schultesii (type)

767

13570. Ruellia tubiflora var. parviflora
f. alba

13710. Mendoncia aspera

14033. Justicia pectoralis

14079. Justicia pectoralis

14568. Justicia pectoralis

14619. Justicia pectoralis

14941A. Justicia pectoralis

15113. Mendoncia pedunculata

15244, Justicia pectoralis var. steno-
phylla

15342. Teliostachya petraea (type)

16124. Justicia pectoralis

17545. Justicia seytophylla (type)

17714. Sanchezia pennellii

19093. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae (type)

19093bis. Aphelandra crispata

19095. Kalbreyeriella cabrerae

19633. Aphelandra pilosa

Scuuttses, Ricwarp Evans, & Lépsz,
FRANCISCO

10400K. Mendoncia lasiophyta (type)

Scuuttes, Ricuarp Evans, & VILLA-
RREAL, MARDOQUEO

7740. Habracanthus putumayensis (type)

ScoLnix, Rosa

1636. Pseuderanthemum chilianthium

Scotn1K, Rosa; AraquE-M., JoreE; &
BARKLEY, FRED A.

19An.317. Ruellia tuberosa
19An.439. Justicia filibracteolata
19An.340. Habracanthus erythranthus

(type)
19An.478. Mendoncia lindavii

Scotnik, Rosa; BarKuEy, Frep A.; &
PreNa, Luis

554. Aphelandra scolnikae

ScoLnik, Rosa; Barkiey, Frep A.; &
Saiz-A., Luis E.

428. Justicia chlorostachya

ScoLnIxk, Rosa; Barva Léprez, NEMESIO;
& BARKLEY, Frep A.

19An,199. Habracanthus scolnikae (type)

768

Scounik, Rosa; Rfos-C., Danmo; &
Betancourt-O., ALBERTO

624. Ruellia tuberosa

SILVANO-J., BROTHER

178. Ruellia fulgida var. angustissima

Smiru, Herserr H.

81. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

89. Hygrophila guianensis

96. Justicia rohrii (Beloperone sanmar-
tensis, type)

377. Justicia secunda

381. Ruellia macrophylla

566. Justicia carthaginensis

746. Ruellia tuberosa

1137. Mendoncia speciosa

1208. Justicia comata

1358. Justicia rhodoides (type)

1359. Ruellia paniculata

1389, in part. Odontonema_bracteo-
latum

1389, in part. Odontonema bracteo-
latum var. parviflorum (type)

1390. Odontonema rubrum

1407. Justicia pectoralis

1408. Tetramerium nervosum

1409. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

1410. Ruellia inundata

1411. Dicliptera sanctae-martae (type)

1412. Elytraria imbricata

1413. Justicia secunda var.
(type)

1414. Aphelandra mildbraediana (type)

1415. Aphelandra daemonia (type)

1416. Justicia comata

1488. Dicliptera vahliana

1869. Bravaisia integerrima

1973. Tetramerium nervosum

2114. Blechum brownei f. puberulum

leucantha

Smiru, 8. GALEN

1137.
1164.
1199.
1203.
1272.
1314.

Ruellia tuberosa

Chaetothylax huilensis

Justicia comata

Blechum brownei f. puberulum
Ruellia geminiflora

Aphelandra glabrata

Situ, 8. Gauen, & IpRopo, Jests M.

1486. Ruellia macarenensis (type)

CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

SNEIDERN, KJELL VON

311.
491,
493.
494,
612.
617.
621.
624,
647.
700.
703.
711.
775.
809.
821.

Hygrophila guianensis

Habracanthus hylobius

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

Justicia comata

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

Habracanthus hylobius

Justicia chlorostachya

Habracanthus hylobius (type)

Justicia chlorostachya

Habracanthus hylobius

Justicia chlorostachya

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

822. Pseuderanthemum cuatrecasasii

864. Ruellia tubiflora var. tetrastichan-
tha

868. Aphelandra sneidernii (type)

869. Aphelandra puberula (type)

923. Aphelandra silvicola (type)

958. Justicia chlorostachya

971. Ruellia pennellii

1012. Ruellia pennellii

1032. Dicliptera caucensis

1061. Ruellia geminiflora

1062. Ruellia geminiflora

1113. Aphelandra pharangophila

1240. Trichanthera gigantea

1512. Aphelandra acanthus

2643. Ruellia ischnopoda

2644. Justicia comata

2645. Habracanthus hylobius

2646. Habracanthus congestus (type)

2647. Ruellia caucensis (type)

2649. Aphelandra huilensis (type)

2650. Bilechum brownei f. puberulum

2651. Ruellia geminiflora

2652. Trichanthera gigantea

2653. Trichanthera gigantea

5042, Pseuderanthemum sneidernii
(type)

5075. Ruellia potamophila

5080. Aphelandra lingua-bovis

5293. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

Soro-Herrera, GENTIL
944, Aphelandra glabrata
Spracus, T, A,

12. Justicia ischnorhachis

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III

27. Staurogyne leptocaulis (type)

52. Ruellia geminiflora var. angustifolia

139. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha

246. Ruellia rusbyi

387. Justicia sanchezioides

394. Aphelandra lonchochlamys (type)

396. Justicia chloanantha

402. Mendoncia spraguei (type)

601. Aphelandra ochrolarynx (type)

SrTEERE, WILLIAM C.

7095. Justicia bracteosa

TARRAGON, Huco Du; ARAQuE-M.,
Jorce; & Barkuey, Frep A.

18Cu.100. Stenandrium dulce

TomAs, BROTHER

770. Aphelandra runcinata
2452. Sanchezia pennellii

Toro, RAFAEL A.

12. Thunbergia alata

78. Trichanthera gigantea

554. Thunbergia fragrans

842. Justicia filibracteolata

859. Ruellia ischnopoda

943. Pseuderanthemum leiophyllum
(type)

960. Mendoncia gracilis

1175. Kalbreyeriella rostellata

1260. Aphelandra runcinata var. pilosa

1369. Thunbergia fragrans

TorreGROZA, MANUEL; ARAQUE-M.,
Jorce; & Barkuey, Frep A.

18At.502. Justicia carthaginensis
18At.504. Justicia carthaginensis
18At.521. Elytraria imbricata

18At.522. Justicia carthaginensis

388179—57——30

769

Tracry, Mrs.

152. Aphelandra conformis

Urise-URIBE, LORENZO

343. Dicliptera uribei (type)

1319. Aphelandra barkleyi

1320. Justicia filibracteolata var. leu-
cantha

1436. Aphelandra glabrata

1437. Aphelandra uribei (type)

1502. Aphelandra crenata

1505. Aphelandra hartwegiana

1517. Aphelandra glabrata

1683. Justicia carthaginensis

1754. Pseudteranthemum ellipticum

1857. Aphelandra runcinata

1862. Aphelandra xanthantha (type)

2029. Ruellia pennellii

2115. Aphelandra runcinata

2151. Mendoncia lindavii

2207. Ruella fulgida var. angustissima

2273. Ruellia ischnopoda

2308. Aphelandra sericophylla

2309. Justicia erythrantha

2335. Ruellia tubiflora

2336. Justicia filibracteolata

2337. Aphelandra lasia

2496. Mendoncia villosa

2567. Ruellia tubiflora

WALKER, FRED

1205.
1282.

Ruellia tuberosa
Dicliptera assurgens

Yerres-AGREDO, SILVIO
202. Justicia chlorostachya

Yerres, Fumio; Briain, Enrique; &
d ? bl
BarRKLEY, Frep A.

18C.300. Aphelandra incarnata

ERRATA
Parts I and II

Page iii (of Part I), line 14: For “72” read ‘‘73.”

Page 5, line 20: For “Henrich” read “Heinrich.”

Page 7, line 2: For “Buena Vista” read “Buenavista.”

Page 8, line 15: For “appressed-ovate” read “appressed, ovate.”

Page 8, fifth line from bottom: Delete ‘Mare Caribe.”

Page 8, second line from bottom: For “Sonto” read “Santo.”

Page 10, line 11: Delete the line reading “Type species: Justicia brunelloides
Lam. Type locality: Java,” and substitute “There were two original species,
N. campestris R. Brown and N, rotundifolia R. Brown, of which the first may
be chosen as lectotype.”’

Page 12, line 14: For 1874” read “1847.”

Page 12, line 16: For ‘“Nees” read “Karsten ex Nees”’; for ‘‘Engelio” read “Engel.”

Page 12, line 26: For “Type” read “Lectotype.”

Page 17, line 1: For “rotudatae” read “rotundatae.”

Page 18, line 23: For “palide’’ read “pallide.”

Page 18, line 26: For “hisuta” read “hirsuta.”

Page 21, line 27: For “1947” read “1847.”

Page 22, line 11: After “Crucis” add “oppidum.”’

Page 22, line 12: For ‘‘Provincia” read “Provinciae”’.

Page 23, line 9 from bottom: For “dipositi’’ read ‘‘dispositi.”’

Page 26, line 14: For “Santurario” read “Santuario.”

Page 29, line 18 from bottom: For “1790” read “1825.”

Page 30, line 25: For “Cubujén” read “Cubugén.”

Page 36, line 9: For “1260” read “1280.”

Page 36, line 11: For ‘‘Bayaca” read ‘“Boyaca.”

Page 43, line 2: For “1639” read “1369.”

Page 44, line 17: For “species” read “series.”

Page 44, line 18: For “at” read “in,”

Page 44, line 19: For “at” read “in.”

Page 44, line 5 from bottom: For “Phaylopsis” read “Phaulopsis.”

Page 45, line 19: For “stamens 2 or 3” read “stamens 2 or 4.”

Page 45, line 20 from bottom: For “Bignonaceae” read “Bignoniaceae.”

Page 46, line 20: For “arborea” read “arboreus.”’

Page 46, line 20: For “pl. 149” read “pl. 189.”

Page 49, line 4 from bottom: For 4213” read “4314.”

Page 49, last line: For ‘“Freijito” read “Frejito.”

Page 50, line 16: For “Tricanthera” read “Trichanthera.”

Page 50, line 18: For “March 4” read “March 3-8.”

Page 52, line 19: Add ‘10’? after “Holton.”

Page 52, line 21: For “Bermega” read “‘Bermeja.”’

Page 55, line 13: For “fasiculis” read “fasciculis.”

Page 58, line 6 from bottom: For ‘“Porcesito” read “Porcecito.”

Page 58, line 5 from bottom: For “Killip & Hazen’ read “Pennell, Killip, &
Hazen.”

Page 59, line 12 from bottom: For “Neuva” read “Nueva.”

770

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 771

Page 60, line 18: For ‘‘Phaylopsis’’ read ‘‘Phaulopsis.”

Page 60, line 22: For ‘‘Type species Ruellia blechum L.” read ‘Lectotype: Blechum
brownei Jussieu.”

Page 60, line 9 from bottom: For ‘‘disseptiment”’ read “‘dissepiment.”’

Page 61, line 7 from bottom: For ‘‘the type” read ‘‘their types.”

Page 62, line 6: For “Landa, Rivera, & Barkley’ read “Ruiz-Landa, Rivera,
& Barkley.”

Page 62, line 12: For ‘654” read “‘B. T. 654.”

Page 62, line 19: For ‘‘Gordona”’ read ‘“‘Gorgona.”

Page 62, line 28: For ‘‘Playa Barba” read ‘‘Playa Brava.”

Page 62, line 16 from bottom: For “hirellis’’ read “‘hirtellis.”’

Page 65, line 7 from bottom: For ‘Appollinaire’”’ read ‘‘A pollinaire.”’

Page 66, line 9: For ‘‘musilaginous” read ‘“mucilaginous.”

Page 66, line 15: For ‘‘Wall.” read ‘Nees in Wall.”

Page 66, line 23: For ‘‘Verat.” read ‘‘Vratisl.”’

Page 69, line 9: For ‘“‘plubescent”’ read ‘pubescent.”

Page 69, line 5 from bottom: For ‘‘Santandersito” read ‘‘Santandercito.”

Page 69, line 3 from bottom: For “Holton 599” read ‘Holton 23.”

Page 74, line 5: For ‘Cauca”’ read “El Valle;” for “Gordona” read “‘Gorgona.”’

Page 74, line 16: For ‘‘puberulentes” read ‘‘puberulentae.”’

Page 74, line 13 from bottom: For “unludate” read “undulate.”’

Page 76, line 7-10: Delete these lines.

Page 76, line 19: For “Ruellia paniculata H. B. K.” read “Dipteracanthus tur-
bacensis Nees.”

Page 77, line 22: After “Syst.” add ‘ed. 2.”

Page 79, line 12: For ‘Pennell & Rusby’ read “‘Rusby & Pennell.”

Page 79, line 23: Transfer the entry ‘“Tocaima, Pérez-Arbeldez 2471 (US)” from
the Department of Tolima up to the Department of Cundinamarca (line 13).

Page 80, line 23: For ‘‘Apollinar’” read ‘A polinar.”’

Page 81, line 8: For ‘‘pediceli’” read ‘‘pedicelli.”’

Page 84, line 14: For “Palmarrosa” read “Palmarosa.”’

Page 84, line 21: For “1069” read ‘‘1060.”

Page 88, line 9: For ‘‘Wein” read ‘‘Wien.”

Page 90, line 22: For “Guadas” read ‘“‘Guaduas.”’

Page 91, line 18 from bottom: For “Susumoco” read “Susumuco.”’

Page 91, line 11 from bottom: Add ‘‘and dros, flower.”’

Page 92, line 9: For ‘‘Collecter?”’ read ‘‘Heriberto.”

Page 92, line 13: For “‘forcibus’”’ read ‘‘faucibus.”

Page 98, line 18 from bottom: For ‘‘petiolun” read “petiolum.”’

Page 95, line 10: For “29431” read ‘39431.”

Page 95, line 8 from bottom: For ‘‘Vergel” read ‘‘Verjel.”

Page 97, line 17 from bottom: For ‘4348’ read 4384.”

Page 98, line 19: For “pubescentia” read ‘‘pubescens.”

Page 100, line 2 from bottom: For “Tierra Alba” read ‘Tierra Alta.”

Page 100, last line: Add ‘‘March 7-10, 1918.”

Page 102, line 10: For ‘‘decumbentae’”’ read ‘‘decumbentes.”’

Page 108, line 12: For ‘‘Johnsion” read ‘‘Johnson.”’

Page 108, last line: For ‘‘calvatae” read ‘“‘clavatae.’”’

Page 104, line 6 from bottom: Add “No. 1661618” after “Herbarium.”

Page 104, line 5 from bottom: Add ‘Vicinity of Puerto Berrio” after “Camp VI.”

Page 106, line 18 from bottom: For ‘‘oraxus” read “ord us.”

Page 106, line 12 from bottom: For “bracteoli” read “bracteolae.”

Page 106, line 11 from bottom: For “angularis’’ read ‘“‘angularibus.”’

772 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Page 107, line 4 from bottom: For “November” read ‘“‘October-November.”’

Page 108, line 4: For “tenuia” read “tenuis.”

Page 109, line 6 from bottom: For ‘“Jaques’”’ read “Jacques.”

Page 109, line 5 from bottom: For ‘1634” read ‘'1606.”

Page 109, line 3 from bottom: For “Type” read “Lectotype.”

Page 111, line 4 from bottom: For “‘ordéyos’” read ‘“ordxus.”’

Page 112, line 3: For “radically” read “‘radially.”’

Page 112, line 10: For ‘‘Type” read ‘Lectotype.’

Page 112, line 12: For “‘Lepidagathis Willd.” read “Lepidagathis sensu auctt. non
Willd.”

Page 112, line 12: For “1801” read 1800.”

Page 112, line 3 from bottom: For “‘alopecurotdes”’ read “alopecuroidea.”’

Page 113, line 8 from bottom: For “Brass.” read ‘Bras.”

Page ii (of Part IT), line 8: For ‘'106” read ‘‘105.”

Page 121, line 19: For ‘‘pendunculi” read ‘‘pedunculi.”’

Page 122, line 6 from bottom: For “bank” read “side of the valley.”

Page 124, line 9: For “Hazen & Killip” read ‘Killip & Hazen.”

Page 125, line 22: For ‘‘Colombia” read “Columbia.”

Page 125, line 23: Delete parenthesis after “Hooker” and insert parenthesis at end
of sentence.

Page 127, line 11 from bottom: For ‘‘83”’ read 85.”

Page 133, line 23: For “earmine” read ‘‘carmine.”

Page 135, line 7 from bottom: For ‘‘Subita” read “‘Subata.”

Page 136, line 7: Insert “(US)” after 4024.”

Page 136, line 8: Insert “(NY)” after “1260.”

Page 136, line 7 from bottom: For “integrading” read “intergrading.”

Page 137, line 4 from bottom: For ‘“‘tooth-leaved” read “toothed-leaved.”’

Page 145, line 12 from bottom: For “unde” read ‘‘under.”’

Page 145, line 11 from bottom: For ‘‘pos”’ read ‘‘pos-.”

Page 145, line 3 from bottom: For “amarillo” read “amarilla.”

Page 149, line 2 from bottom: For ‘Tabor’ read “El Tabor.”

Page 152, line 1: For 179548” read ‘'1798548.”

Page 157, line 20: For “Boraywéns’”’ read ‘‘Boravewdns.”’

Page 160, line 6 from bottom: For “Rhombochamys”’ read ‘“Rhombochlamys.”’

Page 166, line 9: For ‘“Caqueté&”’ read ‘‘Putumayo,”’

Page 170, line 10 from bottom: For “bank” read “side of the valley.”

Page 181, line 25: For “pleurumque”’ read ‘“‘plerumque.”

Page 183, line 21 from bottom: For “Scheide”’ read ‘‘Schiede.”’

Page 191, line 18 from bottom: For ‘Riksmuseet, Stockholm” read “Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew.”

Page 191, line 16 from bottom: For ‘‘Kew’’ read ‘“Riksmuseet, Stockholm.”

Page 197, line 1: For ‘‘aliquando” read ‘‘aliquanto,”’

Page 197, line 5 from bottom: For “these” read ‘“‘this.”’

Page 202, line 7: For the garbled Greek word read ‘“‘éapisnyos.”’

Page 204, line 4: For “Department” read “Intendencia.”

Page 204, line 5: For ‘'27” read “20-30.”

Page 212, line 17 from bottom: For ‘supper’ read ‘upper.’

Page 214, line 6 from bottom: For “1.75” read ‘0.5-0.7.”’

Page 217, line 21: For “glaborous’”’ read “glabrous.”

Page 218, line 4 from bottom: Delete the word “et.”

Page 219, line 2: For “lucenti’’ read ‘“‘lucentes.”’

Page 220, line 6: Transfer parenthesis from after ‘‘Isotypes” to before the word.

Page 224, line 10 from bottom: For “‘ofter’’ read ‘‘often.”’

LEONARD—THE ACANTHACEAE OF COLOMBIA, III 773

Page 234, line 12 from bottom: For “‘pendunculis” read ‘‘pedunculis.’’

Page 242, line 12: For ‘“pendunculatae” read “pedunculatae.”

Page 245, line 7: For “‘pracecipue’’ read ‘‘praecipue.”’

Page 246, line 12 from bottom: For “Cauca” read ‘‘Caldas,”

Page 255, line 6 from bottom: For “Limbo” read “Limba; for “100” read
“800.”

Page 256, first line of legend to figure 92: For ‘‘Limbo” read “Limba.”

Page 258, bottom line: For ‘‘Department” read ‘‘Intendencia.”

Page 261, line 24: For “Nees” read ‘‘Willd. ex Nees.’

Page 262, line 9 from bottom: For ‘‘Herrera’’ read “Soto Herrera.”

Page 263, line 16: For ‘‘Suffretescent” read ‘“Suffrutescent.”’

Page 269, line 2 from bottom: For “April 30” read ‘April 20-May 23.”

Page 272, line 6 from bottom: For “Department” read ‘‘Intendencia.”’

Page 273, line 4: For ‘“acutae’”’ read “acuta.”

Page 279, line 24: For “bank” read “side of the valley,” for “Sanguinini”’ read
“Sanquininf.”’

Page 283, line 11: For “braceteolae’”’ read “bracteolae.”

Page 290, line 7: Add parenthesis after ‘1947’; for ‘“naxos” read “raxus.”

Page 302, line 5: For 8630” read ‘8630a.”’

Page 302, line 19: For “petoli” read “‘petioli.”

Page 307, line 7 from bottom: For ‘1: 619. 1875” read “n. ser. 3: 619. 1875.”

Page 312, line 9: For “bank” read “‘side of the valley.”

Page 312, line 17 from bottom: For “‘bractolae’”’ read “‘bracteolae.”’

Page 314, line 13 from bottom: Before “fasciculis’” add “floribus in.”

Page 318, line 17: For “in the valleys of the Cali and Pichindé rivers” read “on
Rio Pichindé, in the valley of Rio Cali.”

Page 318, line 15 from bottom: For “142565” read ‘'1423565.”

INDEX

[Synonyms in italics,

Abrojo____-___.-_--_-------_- 615
Acanthaceae____________---_-- 1, 2, 4
Acanthoideae_______- 2,4, 44, 119, 323
Acanthus__________------- 1, 3, 5, 28
mollis.._._...____-----------
spinosus__._.......-..-.------ 3
Adhatoda_____.._-_------------ 487
carthaginensis____.-.-------- 547
hyssopifolia._._.........------ 487
periploctfolia.._.._.__.------- 584
refleciflora_......----------- 584
zeylanica....--2 2222 -e 487
Afromendoncia________-------- 11
Amasonia integerrima_________- 46
Anamti_________-_____--__--__- 8
Ancylogyne_._.--------------- 51
capttata___.____..-_-------- 51
macrocnemis__...-.--------- 51
munita._...------ eee 51
peruviand_______-._--_-__--- 51
Andrographideae_______.___--- 285
Aphanandrium__..---------- 120, 123
lehmannianum_..--------- 120, 123
Aphelandra__-___- 1, 2, 3, 119, 120, 127,
128, 157, 280, 282, 286, 324, 701
acanthus.. 129, 141, 142, 144, 147, 706
acutifolia_.......--.-------- 168
adscendens________--- 129, 158, 160
albert-smithii_ ____ 132, 232, 233, 234
alexandri_..--22_ ___- 131, 191, 192
andrei__.___________--_-- 707, 708
anomala__________ 130, 185, 186, 190
arborescens_______ 134, 277, 278, 279
arisema_________- 131, 200, 201, 718

aristei____ 132, 228, 229, 230, 232, 280

arnoldii__......__--___--- 129, 153
atecmarta___....- __- 726, 727, 728
aurantiaca___._.___._.----.-- 3, 130,

164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 173, 191

barkleyi_____- 132, 221, 222, 223, 721
blandii.__________ 133, 259, 267, 268
botanodes____..__---------- 129,

155, 156, 157, 706, 708, 716
boyacensis________ 131, 198, 199, 200
chaponensis_______ 133, 273, 274, 275
cirsioides.____..____-------- 139
coccinantha__________- 721, 722, 723
colombiensis_ — - __- 131, 196, 197, 198
conformis____.__- 131, 194, 195, 718
craura___-_______ 131, 207, 208, 209
crenata_. 133, 259, 260, 261, 726, 728
crispata_________- 129, 151, 152, 706
cuatrecasasii______ 131, 204, 205, 718
daemonia____- 130, 132, 223, 225, 226
deppeana___-_----- 130, 181, 183, 714

Page numbers of principal entries in boldface.]

Aphelandra—Continued
diachyla__._..___._______- 714, 715
131,

204, 205, 206, 207, 209

euopla____---_--- 129, 138, 139, 703
fascinator______._---_-__- 131, 191
fernandezii__________-_ 133, 270, 272
flava__..-___-__--_---- 230, 279, 280
fosbergii____.______-_------ 711, 712
garciae_______ 133, 256, 258, 259, 270
gilva_._.._-___------- 704, 705, 706
glabrata__.._..._..-_-------- 133,
254, 256, 261, 262, 268, 726
glischrochlamys ween nee 130, 186, 188
grandis___________ 132, 226, 207° 228
grangeri__________---- 701, 702, 703
grantii_______._-_---- 718, 719, 720
haenkeana___.-------------- 183
hartwegiana____...-..------- 133,
246, 261, 268, 725

haughtii__._______ 132, 234, 239, 241
hodgei___________ 133, 252, 262, 264
huilensis.._..-.-- 129, 146, 147, 706
impressa__ ___ 130, 168, 175, 178, 179
incarnata_____ 132, 242, 243, 244, 723

killipii___ 131, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206

lamprantha______- 130, 176, 178, 714
lasia______-_- 130, 179, 180, 181, 714
lasiophylla_______- 131, 192, 193, 716
lawranceae___._------ 131, 192, 195
leiophylla_____-_- 130, 169, 170, 171
lingua-bovis_______--------- 133,
223, 268, 270, 275, 728
lonchochlamys____ 1380, 165, 166, 714
longispica___. 133, 252, 265, 266, 267
lyrata_._..______--------- 129, 150
lyrata var. arguta____-..---- 150
lyrata var. latibractea____.-_- 150
lyrata var. laxior__._..--_---- 150
macrophylla_____.___-------- 132,
218, 234, 236, 237, 239, 721, 723
melgariensis one ----- eee 280
mildbraediana_._.---- 132, 218, 220
mollis__.._.._..-_---- 129, 154, 158
mutisii____._.______-- 129, 136, 137
nana___--___--__----- 130, 171, 173
ochrolarynx____.------ 129, 160, 162
parviflora. _____..---_---- 129, 153
parvispica__..._._..---------- 132,
216, 218, 237, 720, 721
pectinata_._.._.-------------
phalacra__-_-.--.---- 712, 713, ria
pharangophila___..__-------- 134,
275, 276, 277, 728
phlogea__..------ 130, 189, 190, 718

775

76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE

NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Aphelandra—Continued Beloperone—Continued
phobera____-_-_-___- 129, 143, 144, 145 rohriz var. latifolia_..._.___-- 564
pilosa________ 181, 209, 211, 212, 718 sanmaritensis__.__-.__________ 565
pinarotricha____~ = _ 716, 717, 718 steyermarkiit_.-...._-._______- §23
porphyrocarpa_____ ~~ 129, | Bignonia bibracteata_______ ___ - 46

140, 141, 703, 706 Blechum___-__-__-_- 2, 45, 60, 683

porphyrolepis_____ 129, 148, 149, 150 angustius one eee ee 3, 63, 326
prismatica__.-__---_--- 200] brownei____-_-____- 60, 61, 683, 771
puberula_____ 1380, 166, 167, 168, 175 brownei f. puberulum_ 60, 61, 63, 683
pulcherrima____~__~ 2 ee 128, costaricense___-_-____-__ 63
131, 183, 212, 216, 218, 220, 226,) haughtii_.-....-__________ 60, 62, 63
228, 234, 259, 262, 272, 275. | Bravaisia__......-__________ 2, 45, 679
quadrifaria________---_____ 709,710] floribunda____-_-_________ 45, 46, 679
quercifolia_____22 2-2 129,150} integerrima____._________ 46, 47, 679
repanda____..-...-.-..--___- 166 | Campanula morada___________- 94
runcinata____.____ 129, 134, 150, 701 | Canchelahua dulce____________ 125
runcinata var. pilosa_______ 129, 135 | Canilla de golero____._________ 332
runcinata var. straminea___ 129, 135 | Canilla de laura______________- 332
schiedeana____.-- 2-28 280 | Chaetochlamys_________ 323, 487, 659
schieferae________ 131, 213, 215, 216) ciliata, 2 ee 662
schultesii_______ 132, 237, 238, 239 columbiensis__________ 660, 661, 662
seolnikae_____________ 133, 252, 254 macrosiphon________________ 659
sericantha___.____ 133, 245, 246, 725 marginata_._______-. 228 659
sericophylla_______ 133, 254, 256, 726] rusbvi___________-__-___ 659
silvicola______ 129, 157, 158, 710, 712 | Chaetothylax_______ 324, 487, 662
sinclairiana____..22---______ 243 haughtii___.__--_ 2 662, 665, 666
sneidernii_________ 130, 167, 174, 175 huilensis____________- 662, 667, 668
straminea____-_-- 22 leucanthus__..________ 662, 663, 664
250, 252, 264, 265, 267 tocantinus._________ 2-2 Lee 662

aborensis____. 130, 181, 182, 183, 277 umbrosus____._.-.--- 2 __- 662
tetragona_____ 128, 234. 259, 272, 275 | Chu-ru-ko-pu________ = 624
letragona var. grandis____-___ 721 | Cilantro de monte______-_______ 8
trianae_______ 132, 230, 231, 232, 721} Contortae____________________ 44
trichota______- 2 __ 723, 724, 725 | Cresta de gallo..._______ 135, 218, 5386
uribei__--- 2 130, 162, 164 | Cryphiacanthus__..-_.___-___- 66, 324
xanthantha_______ 133, 248, 249,250] barbadensis.__._____________ 66, is

Aphelandreae______________- 119, 120) Culantro________.___________-

Aphragmia__--_---------____- 66 | Cyphaeanthus_ _ ____ 119, 120, 282, 394
vaenket___---- ee 66,77} atopus_____________2____- 283, 284

Aro-blaneo__.. 2-2-2 48 | Cyrtanthera_____..--- 22 ee 650

Arrhostozylum__..-- ~~~. 66,684] magnifica... 2-8 650, 651
fulgidum var. angustissimum_- 68 | Descansé______________-__ 615
glabrum_—--- 2 ee 684 | Dianthera______.__-- ee 487
harlwegianum—.-- 2-22 90] americana____...--..-___--- 487
lawum_..-.2 22. 66, 684 comata._..----------------- 615

Asystasia__.. 2-2 = 120, 287, 323] laevilinguis__....._-._____-- 621
coromandelinna_....222- 2228 288 pectoralis_____.......-_-_--- 613
gangetiea__-.. 2 2 ee 288] pleurolaryne____._._.____--- 512
intrusa____-_--- ee 287| secunda var. holtonii_....__-_- 577

Asystasieae___-. 22 ee 119, 287 | Dicliptera_________ 1, 60, 323, 325, 327

Agul__ ee 658 assurgens_____________ 328, 330, 332

Babosa_______-- ee 207] batilliformis______ 329, 376, 377, 378

Barleria____..--2222 2 2,44,109] bogotensis________ 328, 329, 339, 340
anomala__._-._.---_-____ 46 caucensis.__...__._-_.--___ 328, 342
cristata. 22222 110, 111 chinensis.__________________ 327
discolor_._.......-.---_-._____ 110 columbiana_______ 330, 384, 386, 387
micans____--------22- 8 110} compacta____________- 330, 386, 387
prionitis...--.-..2 2 109 conformis._________._____ 328, 344

Barlerieae__._-2 222 ee 44,109] cuatrecasasii__ 328, 329, 348, 350, 368

Beloperone.....-...--_________. 488 danielii__-_____________ 329, 362, 363
amherstiae_--_.-. 22 488| driophila__.__________ 329, 352, 353
bracteosa__ ee 535] ewanii_____-__________ 329, 356, 357
brastliana_________-- ee 488] garciae___.---2_-____e 329, 354, 355
chaetocephala__...-.....----- 531 haughtii_-.....--____- 329, 358, 359
gullata__ 2-22 3] hazenii--.._.._-______ 329, 368, 370
rohrit__...--.--.---2 ee 564] inamoena______._____- 329, 371, 372

INDEX 777
Dicliptera—Continued Gilletiella____...__._______-_- 11
killipii_--.--------_-- 329, 350, 351 | Glockeria___....._...---------- 484
koiel_____.._--------- 329, 360, 361 | Graptophylleae____-..------ 119, 289
megalochlamys__------------ 329, | Graptophyllum_______-_---_-- 289
373, 374, 378, 386 | Gymnostachyum verschaffeltti_.-. 407
nanodes____-_--------- 329, 382, 384 | Habracanthus____-____-- 324, 419, 486
ochrochlamys__-_-_---- 328, 346, 347| aglatis______--------- 419, 428, 429
pilosa_____--------------- 328, 341} ampelinus____-_--__-- 420, 458, 459
rhombochlamys---_---- 329, 380, 381| antipharmacus_______------- 420,
sanctae-martae____ 329, 378, 379, 380 462, 463, 464, 465
sarcochroma_-__-_-- 329, 366, 367, 368] callianthus____---___- 420, 443, 444
scandens____________- 329, 364, 365 eaucensis_____________ 420, 460, 461
sciaphila__------- 328, 334, 335, 336 charien__.._-__---- 420, 449, 450, 451
trianae_______---- 328, 332, 333, 334 congestus__..--.------ 421, 472, 473
uribei________-_------ 328, 336, 338 corei________-.--- 420, 468, 469, 470
vahliana_________---- 328, 331, 332 cuatrecasasii______.__- 419, 426, 427
Diclipterinae____-_------------ 325| cyaneus______--_------ 419, 425, 426
Dipteracanthus__.__.--------- 66, 684} diversicolor._____----- 421, 464, 474
angustifolius_....._.--------- 96| erythranthus____-- 420, 436, 438, 439
ciliatus__....-.-.---------- 66, 684| floriferus____-__------ 420, 441, 442
geminiflorus___.------------ 95,689] heliophilus__..__------ 420, 434, 435
geminiflorus var. angustifolius_ 95, 96| hispidulus__.____- 420, 432, 433, 434
geminiflorus var. erectus _ ----- 95| hylobius__------------ 421, 479, 480
geminiflorus var. hirsutior - - — - 95| killipii-.-----_--- 420, 447, 448, 449
geminiflorus var. procumbens_ - 95] lamprus____---------- 421, 470, 471
geminiflorus var. subacaulis - -- 95| macrochilus.__-..---------- 420, 465
haenket___....-------------- 77| microcalyx._._-----~- 421, 477, 478
leucanthus__...-.----------- 696 oresbius________-__--- 420, 465, 467
paniculatus._...------------- 76 pennellii___.._______-- 421, 475, 477
prostratus_......------------ 684] pilosus__.______------ 420, 445, 446
turbacensis______----------- 76,771| putumayensis_____---- 420, 439, 440
Ebermaiera_...-.------------- 5| pyenostachys--__- 419, 430, 431, 432
humilis_.......------------- 5| scolnikae. 421, 438, 477, 481, 482, 483
Elytraria__._._..---------- 2,5, 7,673| silvaticus_..._._-_.--------- 419
apargiifolia___..._.---------- 8| smithii--.__.____- 420, 452, 453, 454
frondosa___.__---_---------- 7 syscius.___._____-- 419, 421, 422, 423
imbricata__.......__------ 7,9, 673 trichotus________- 419, 423, 424, 425
scorptoides____.__----------- 7| xantholeucus___-_-- 420, 456, 457, 458
squamosa____-_------------- 8| xanthothrix__.______-- 420, 454, 455
tridentala___..___----------- 7| Hansteinia_______-_- 324, 419, 484, 486
virgata_..___._.------------ 7| charitopes___._.---------- 484, 485
Encephalosphaera_ ------------ gracilis__.__._.__.------------ 484
120, 280, 286, 324 Hemisandra__...__------------ 127
lasiandra__.........-------- aurantiaca.......---------- 127, 168
vitellina_______..___------ 280, 281 | Hygrophila_____._------ 2, 45, 58, 680
Engelia___-..---------------- 12| angustifolia.....-....------- 58
tovarensis_........._--_----- 12 conferta......_.------------ 58
villosa._.._..-_------------- 12,21} guianensis._____.-------- 58, 59, 680
Enredadera blanea______-_---- 42| rivularis_._....____---.------- 60
Eranthemum. -___------- 292, 728, 729| tyttha____-____------------ 681
alatum________------------- Hygrophileae__.__------------ 44, 57
atropurpureum_.__-------- 307, 308 | Imbricatae_------------- 44, 119, 323
lanceum__....-__------------ 305 | Isoglosseae_____-------- 119, 323, 404
palatiferum_._.__.._-------- 729 | Isoglossinae_...-_.------------ 418
Erythracanthus__-.-.---------- 5 | Isopo rojizo_.__..------------- 652
racemosus___----_---------- 5 | Jacobinia__________----- 324, 487, 650
Escobilla de ratén_________---- 77| amphibola_______----- 651, 655, 656
Fittonia_.._--.--------- 323, 404, 405] axiologa_____- 541, 651, 652, 653, 6°
argyoneura____------- 405, 406,407) earnea_____.__________- 3, 651, 770
gigantea_._.....---------- 405, 407} jenida 650
verschaffeltii____.--------- 405,407} jindaviana......___________- 659
Galeottia_._.....--..----------- 484 en an
gracilis__-_______----------- 4g4| magnifica___.----------- 3, 651, 770
Gallito....___________..____.. 536| spicigera_---------------- 651, 657
Gerardia_________________---_- 126 tinetoria_____._-_-------- 651, 658
dulcits__....._....---------- 126 | Jasmin____._._--------------- 95

778 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Justicia__ 2 127, 324, 487, 647, 648 | Justicia— Continued
adhatoda_____._..._________ 487| leucerythra___ 490, 568, 569, 570, 572
aéthes. ~~. ______ 489, 524, 525 luctda__...---- 2 388
anabasa_____ | 491, 594, 595, 596 macarenensis_____ 490, 555, 556, 557
archeri___________ 489, 505, 507, 508] malacophylla_____ 491, 589, 590, 591
assurgens____.2 ee 330} martiana_.____...____- 492, 620, 621
atacta______ 491, 604, 605, 606 melgariensis.__.....---- 8 280
aurantiaca________ 491, 596, 597, 598 namatophila______ 492, 618, 619, 620
blackii._-_--.-.2--_____ 489, 508,509] neurochlamys_____ 489, 517, 518, 519
bracteolata.._~..22-_-_ 398| novogranatensis_______ 491, 600, 601
bracteosa_..--_.____._ 489, 535, 536 obtusifolia__..~2 2 621
brasiliana_ 222222 488] oreopola_...______ 489, 503, 504, 505
breviflora._...--- 2-28. 514} pampolystachys.____________ 490,
brunelloides______-__-________ 10, 770 538, 541, 542, 545
cabrerae___-. 490, 566, 567] pectoralis_________ 492, 613, 614, 617
carnea____ 2-2 ee 651] pectoralis var. stenophylla__ 492, 615
carthaginensis__.____________ 490,| pelianthia________ 491, 591, 593, 594

547, 548, 560, 646 periplocifolia____...-. 22 = 491, 584
chaetocephala_____________ 489, 531| petraea__________ 492, 633, 634, 635
chaponensis___..-_ 489, 536,537, 538| pharmacodes___.______ 490, 557, 559
charadrophila____ _ 489, 501, 502, 503} phlebophylla__._-._...-_ 491,
chinensis_..-.-.-2 22 327 577, 587, 588, 589, 633
chloanantha______ 491, 608, 609, 611 phytolaccoides________ 490, 560, 561
chlorostachya_____ 488, 495, 496,519} pilosa__--.- == 541
chrysea_______ = 489, 529, 530, 531 pleurolarynx____.___2 = __ 489, 512
chrysocoma._. 489, 525, 527, 528, 529 polygonoides__ 489, 512, 513, 514, 525
coccinea.-_------ 2 ee 388} porphyrocoma____-____ 490, 582, 583
comata___ 488, 492, 614, 615, 617, 647 pulcherrima_._.------- 127, 212
ertstata__-...2 22 127] reflewiflora_.-._-.. 222 584
croceochlamys- - _ - 489, 532, 533, 534 rhodoides_________ 489, 519, 520, 521
cuzcoensis__....2-___-______ 611 rohrii________ 490, 527, 528, 529, 564
cystolithosa___ 488, 492, 494, 495,503] rubra__________.......__ 396
daidalea______ 489, 521, 522, 528,524] sanchezioides.____ 490, 572, 574, 575
enarthrocoma_____ 490, 570, 571,572] sanctae-martae____-_-_- 8 646
ephemera_________ 491, 606, 607, 608 scabra_______ ee 127
erythrantha______ 490, 549, 550, 551 schultesii.___._______- 490, 545, 546
filibracteolata_____ 490, 491, 577, 603] sciera.....2-_ 492, 637, 638
filibracteolata var. aurantiaca_ 579 sciota_.__-_ 2-2 491, 585, 586

581 seytophylla__.__-______ 492, 626, 627
filibracteolata var. azurea_.__._ 579] secunda__....._______ 491, 602, 603
filibracteolata var. leucantha. 579, secunda var. leucantha_____ 491, 604
580, 581 sessilis. ___2- 222 521
filibracteolata var. lilacina__ 579, 581 spicigera_______---__ ee 657
filibracteolata var. pubescens_ 579, 580] sterea____ 492, 630, 635, 636, 637, 644
fuchsiifolia_______ 489, 514, 516, 517 stereostachva_____ 492, 639, 640, 641
furcata__.-.--- 2 626] steyermarkii-_--____________- 523
fusagasugana_____ 492, 624, 625, 626 unguiculata_______ 489, 538, 539, 541
gangetica____-________ 288| xanthostachya_______- 490, 562, 563
glabribracteata_...--_____ 570 | Justicieae______________ 119, 323, 487
graphophylla_____ 492, 631, 632, 633 | Kalbreyeriella___-_______ 324, 404, 408
gutierrezii_.-_--_______ 490, 553, 554 cabrerae__----- 408, 409, 411
helonoma___._____ 491, 611,612,613] gigas_.--.-_______ 408, 412, 414, 415
hodgei___________ 492, 642, 643, 644] rostellata.....-_______ 408, 411, 415
homoea________ 490, 575, 576, 577 | Lagochilium_..____-_________ 127,
hygrobia_____________ 492, 644, 645 157, 202, 286, 707, 708, 718
hyperdasya___ 490, 538, 543, 544, 545 maximilianum__....-- 127
hyssopifolia_..-...._.________ 487] molle_...- 154
idiogenes_____________ 492, 622, 623 | Lepidagathis______ 7, 111, 112, 696, 772
imbricata___-___.._2----_____ 7| alopecurotdea___._-________- 112, 772
infelix_...._______ 489, 510, 511, 512 cristata__..222 22 _- 112
tnterrupta_.....-.---_ 397 | Leptostachya_..._.___________- 488
ischnorhachis_ 489, 498, 499, 501, 505 comata__---- 222s 615
jacobinioides______ 491, 598, 599, 600| crinita....-_-____ 647
killipii, -.222_2 2 492, 628, 629, 630 martiana__.- 2s 620
laevilinguis___________ 492, 621, 622 martiana var. hispida___.____ 621
leptochlamys_________ 490, 551,552] virgata__..___-_-_______ 488
leptophylla__________-_______ 508| wallichtt__....--22- 22 488

INDEX 779

Lila____--------------------- 111] Neriacanthus_._ 119, 120, 123, 324, 698
Mee-né-ku-ru________________- 407| grandiflorus___.____._____-_ 121, 122
Megaskepasma___.__---- 324, 404,417} lehmannianus____- 121, 122, 123, 699
erythrochlamys.____---_-- 417,418} purdieanus____.__---- 120, 121, 123
Mendoncia_-_______- 1, 2, 4, 11, 12, 673 | Odontonema___________- 323, 387, 388
albida_....___._.._-.----___- 12,38| ampelocaule___-__- 388, 393, 394, 396
aspera _____-__---------- 12, 14,673| amplexicaule__..._.._._____- 391
coccinea.....-..--------- 12, 13, 29 bracteolatum __ ___ 388, 397, 398, 399
coccinea var, elliptica___-___- 13, 30] bracteolatum var. parviflorum_. 388,
coccinea var. sparatteria_____ 13, 30 399, 400
cordata____------ 13, 16, 17, 18, 675 coccineum___________- 388, 389, 391
cuatrecasasii__._-.--.---_- 14, 37, 38| interruptum______---_--_- 388, 397
fulva__.-.-.-.-_--_-----_-_-_- 30] lucidum___________________-_ 388
garciae__.-_--___--_.-_-_- 677,678| rubrum__________-------- 388, 396
gigas__.._.-._--___----_____- 674 schomburgkianum-_-------- 396, 397
gilva__..-__--_----_--__- 14, 33, 34] stenostachyum____ 388, 391, 392, 393
glabrescens__--_------- 13, 23, 24, 26 strictum____._____------_--- 388
glomerata__.--------- 13, 27, 28, 38 | Odontonemeae_-______--- 119, 323, 325
gracilis._...__._.______ 13, 32, 36, 678 | Odontoneminae_____________-_- 387
hirsuta_..____.-__---___ 13, 21, 674 | Onychacanthus___...---------- 45
lasiophyta.__..-...--.______ 673| arboreus___..---.------------ 46
lindaviil_._-_-------_-___-- 12, 15, 673 berlandierianus _o--- eee eee 45, 46
litoralis._._....-----_--- 13, 31, 32 cumingit__.---------------- 45, 46
microchlamys-_-__-_------- 14, 39,40] spectosus__._..-.------------ 46
mirabilis. .......-..__-__- 13, 18, 19] Oreja de mula______-_-_---_-- 97
mutisii___._.__________ 14, 36, 37, 38 | Orthotactus_.__.._._.__---------- 488
odorata_____--------- 14, 34, 35, 36| oblongus_______._------------ 647
pedunculata__-..-___-_- 13, 16, 674 venosus_.____.-------------- 488
pennellii___.___.._-_____- 13, 25, 26| Pachystachys___ 120, 289, 290, 323, 728
phalacra___-__----------- 676,677| albiflora__..__._-------------- 290
pilosa_____.-..--------__-_- 12, 14 coccinea___.__-------------- 291
puberula_____.-.--_---______ 13, 22| riedeliana___________- 290, 291, 728
rosea___..------------_- 13, 28, 29| Palo de agua__________________ 46
selloviana__.--.---_--_-___- 22 | Panciga________-------------- 658
speciosa__________--______ 13, 18, 19 | Pelecostemon_______---- 324, 487, 648
splitgerberiana____..____.-__- 22] trianae_.......___-----_-- 648, 649
spraguei_____-__--------_--- 13, 20} Petalidieae___________________ 44, 60
sprucei__.__------------ 13, 23, 676 | Petalidium_-_-_---_---------- 60
trichota____.-___--------- 674, 675 | Phaulopsis_...___-.------ 683, 770, ee
velloziana.._.._-.------------ 29| oppositifolia.....----------- 683
velloziana var. sparatteria.-_-_-- 30| parviflora_______------------ 683
villosa____----_--_ - 13, 21, 22, 676 | Phaylopsis_.. 2, 44, 60, 64, 683, 770, 771
Mendoncioideae_.._..-..----- 2,4, 10 parviflora. _.....------------ 64, 65
Mendozia__....-.------------- 12} Picigallo_______-------------- 213
aspera_..------------------ 12, 14] Pico de ave______-__------------ 42
hirsuta.__--------.---------- 21| Pié de gallo__.____------------ 213
pilosa__....-----------_---- 14| Pisigallo__..._._.._----------- 213
puberula___..--------------- 22 | Porphyrocoma______---------- 415
puberula var. micropus.—_---- 22 | Porphyrocominae___.-_-------- 404
pubescens__._---------------- 22 | Psacadocalymma____----------- 488
racemosa_-.---------------- 12 comatum__...-------------- 615
selloviana__._....--.--------- 22 pectorale..__...._._.----------- 613
velloziana__.._....-__-------- 29 | Pseuderanthemeae_______-__- 119, 291
velloziana var. sparatteria__-__-_ 30| Pseuderanthemum----_------ 120, 291,
Mentha pulegium_______-____- 60 292, 323, 388, 606, 608, 728
Meyenia__________-__-------- 40 alatum_.........----------- 295
Micranthus__.---------------- 683| atropurpureum____---------- 293,
oppositifolius__...__..__--_-- 683 307, 308, 730, 745
Monochlamys__-___.---------- 11 bicolor______..._-_--------- 729
Nacedero__.___-_------------- 48| chaponense___-___-_----- 293, 312,
Nelsonia______________--_--- 2, 5, 10 313, 314, 730, 746, 748
albicans.........----------- 10 chaponense f. lilacinum____ 313, 314
brunelloides___...--.-------- 10,11] chilianthium__-_--_- 729, 734, 735, 736
campestris_..-..------------ 770| chocoense_-_-.-------- 730, 748, 749
rotundifolia__...___.._.------- 770 cladodes____.__.------- 729, 739, 740
Nelsonioideae.___..__..---_--- 2,4! cordatum____.-------------- 319

780 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM

Pseuderanthemum—Continued Ruellia—Continued

etenospermum._-. 729, 730, 732, 733 | geminiflora var. hirsutior—____ 95
cuatrecasasil..-_-_--.---- _-- 293,| gigantea___________________- 47, 48
316, 317, 318, 730, 748 gorgonensis__________- 694, 695, 696
cuspidatum.__. 2222 295| grantii---________________ 690, 692
dawei____________ 293, 318, 730, 748 grisea___-__ ee 67, 81, 82
diachylum_______- 729, 737, 738, 739| humboldtiana_______ 67, 89, 685, 686
ellipticum____ 292, 301, 305, 730,745] inundata_______________ 67, 77, 684
ewanli______- 292, 302, 303, 730, 745 ischnopoda_ .-- 67, 82, 83, 84, 86, 685
galbanum________ 729, 741, 742, 743 lasiostachya_______ 68, 105, 106, 694
haughtii__ 292, 293, 294, 295, 729, 741| longifilamentosa_____._______ 67, 88
hylophilum_______-_._._- ~~ 293,| lorentziana____-_______- 68, 94, 687
310, 311, 312, 730, 746] macarenensis__________ 692, 693, 694
idroboi__. 292, 295, 296, 297, 729, 741| macrophylla_______________- 67,
lanceum___._____- 293, 305, 730, 745 73, 79, 81, 685, 686
leiophyllum____ ~~ ee 292, macrophylla var. lutea_____ 81
297, 298, 299, 729, 741] macrophylla var. puberula__._ 67, 80
micranthum______ 729, 730, 743, 744] macrophylla var. pubescens___ 80
pennellii______ 292, 304, 305, 730, 745] malacosperma___________ 67, 68, 73
poecilanthum_____--_------- 292, nudiflora____-_------------- 78
299, 300, 301, 729, 741, 743| obtusa.__.._.__________ 68, 94, 96
potamophilum_____-_-___-__ 29 3, obtusa f. albiflora. _________- 689
308, 309, 310, 730, 745 paniculata__________ 67, 76, 684, 771
sneidernii_____ 293, 306, 307, 730, 745] pennellii___ 68, 100, 101, 102, 103, 690
stenosiphon__._-.-.----_-___- 293, potamophila______ 67, 71, 72, 73, 684
314, 315, 316, 730, 748 | = =purdieana_________________- 90
thelothrix_______- 730, 746, 747, 748) = puri-_-_-_-__-_ ee 694
Pseudocalyx____-_ 2-8 40} putumayensis______ 68, 106, 107, 696
Raiz preta__.-.---_- ee 30] ruiziana..-_-.2- 22k 84
Razisea____________ 324, 387, 400, 408] rusbyi___________ 7, 86, 87, 88, 685
spicata______.--------____ 400, 401 sprucei___.-----___- 2 eee 109
Rhacodiscus secundus__....----- 602 stwebelit__-- ee 90
Rhombochlamydeae________- 119, 285] = tetrastichantha___...222-_____ 91
Rhombochlamys_-___..________ 119, tolimensis..________. 67, 70, 71, 684
285, 286, 324,772] tuberosa________- 66, 67, 78, 94, 684
elata__.-_-__.___ Le 285, 286, 287] ~=tubiflora______ 68, 89, 90, 91, 686, 696
rosulata______ 160, 285, 286, 287, 772| ~~ tubiflora var. hirsuta._....___ 67, 93
Rhyltiglossa___-.-. 22 ee 488| tubiflora var. parviflora__ 68, 93, 687
ctliata__.---- ee 488] tubiflora var. parviflora f. alba. 68,
eckloniana___________-_-___- 488 93, 687
laevilinguis__..---.--.------ 62] tubiflora var. tetrastichantha__ 68,
oblonga__-.--..--- 2 647 91, 686

obtustfolia_ 22222 ee 621 tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
origanoides____--.-___---___- 488 f. bicolor_____________ 67, 92, 686

polygonoides__. ~~. 513,514] tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
secunda__ 2-8 ee 602 f. caesiolineata____._______ 686

Rojizo___--------- ee 615| tubiflora var. tetrastichantha
Rompebarringa._____________- 48 f. flava_..-.-__________- 68, 92, 93
Ruellia____ 1, 2, 3, 45, 48, 49, 60, 66, 684 turbacensis____.._-__..______- 76
albicaults__.. 222-2 ee 77| uribei_--_-_______ 68, 106, 108, 109
alopecuroidea_..--__--____- 111, 112 viridiflora. _____________- 68, 98, 99
aquatica_..__..___ 68, 103, 104, 105 viscosa. ee 76
aurantiaca_._.- _ 687, 688 | Ruellieae_______-_ 44, 65, 292
blechum_..-- 2-2-8 60, 771 | Salpinxantha________-_.__2 698
caucensis______-__- 67, 84, 85, 86, 88 | Sancarano__--------__..------ 46
chariessa________________ 67, 74, 75 | Sanchezia____________ 2, 3, 45, 51, 680
clandestina__________________ 78 lutea__.---- 51, 53, 54, 680
colombiana____________ 68, 102, 103 oblonga. ______---_----_--_- 51
colorata___________-___- 68, 97, 690 ovata____--- ee 680
duleis_22- 22k 125,126] parvibracteata__________- 51, 56, 57
fulgida_________________ 68, 69, 684| parviflora______-____________ 55
fulgida var. angustissima_____ 67, pennellii__.--_--..._-__-__- _. 51, 680
68, 69, 684 putumayensis__.-__.-._-- 51, 55, 56
geminiflora_________- 68, 95, 96, 689} speciosa________.... 2 2 _- 3. 51, 52
geminiflora var. angustifolia_ 68, sprucet var. salvadorensis..._- 56
95, 96, 6891 sylvestris..........________- 56

INDEX 781
Sanchezia—Continued Teliostachya—Continued

thinophila______------------ 680| cataractae......--.------- 111, 112
thinophyla f. glabra_-_.------ 680] diffusa___-_-----------.----- 111
Sancho arafia________--------- 46 lanceolata__..--_----- 112, 113, 696
San Joaquin____-------------- 308| lanceolata var. crispa__ 112, 114, 696
San José. ____.--------------- 308| petraea____---------- 696, 697, 698
Scorodozylum__-.-------------- 66 | Tetramerium- _-------- 3, 64, 324, 325
hartwegianum_-------------- 66,90} nervosum_-___------------ 325, 326
Sericographis__._..------------- 650 polystachyum____--_-------- 325
rigida_..------------------- 650 | Thunbergia_._----------- 2, 3, 40, 678
tinctoria__.-._--------------- 658| alata_..------------- 40, 41, 42, 678
Siphonoglossa-_-_-_-------- 323, 387, 402| alata var. alba____-_---_---- 42
calcarea_..._.------------ 402,403] alata var. bakeri-.-..------- 41, 42
ramosa_______-------------- 402 aurantiaca__._____---------- 42
Soldado parado_-_-_------------ 8| aurantiaca subvar. doddsii_--- 42
Staurogyne____------------- 2,5,671} capensis___----.------------ 41
agrestis. __.-.-------------- 7| cordifoltia__----------------- 43
argentea_____-------------- 5| fragrans_...--------- 41, 42, 43, 678

lepidagathoides- -_------ 5,6, 7,673] fryeri-_--------------------
leptocaulis___--------- 671, 672,673| grandiflora__..--------- 41, 43, 67 3
Stemonacanthus_—_------------ 66,684] grandiflora f. alba__..__----- 679
humboldtianus_......------- 89, 686 grandiflora f. citrina____----- 679
macrophyllus_....----------- lutea__......--------------- 42
salviifolius_...------------- 66, 64 sulphurea_____------------- 42
Stenandrium_-_-_-_--- 119, 120, 124, 127,| volubilis___.....------------- 42
157, 286, 324, 699, 708 | Thunbergioideae_ ___-_------- 2, 4, 40
corymbosum_-__-_--------- 124, 125 | Thyrsacanthus___-------------- 388
dulee________--------- 125, 126, 699| barleriotdes____------------- 388
humboldtianum_-__---------- 125,| bracteolatus....------------- 400
127, 699, 700, 701 interruptus.....------------- 397
mandioccanum_____--------- 124| ruber_____---------------- 396, 397
radicosum______.--------- 124, 125 | Titirigallo_......--.---------- 213
Stenostephanus_ - --- 324, 415, 419, 486 | Trichanthera_ - - - - 2, 44, 45, 47, 48, 679
lobeliaeformis_____---------- 486 corymbosa_-__----------- 48, 50, 679
puberulus -___--------------- 486| gigantea___....--------- 48, 49, 679
Stethoma pectoralis___---------- 613 | Trichanthereae_____--_-------- 44, 45
Syringidium____.------- 324, 404, 415 | Verbena squamosa___---------- 7,8
atropurpureum_-____.------ 415, 416 | Yerbabuenilla_________-------- 647
Tango rojizo____-------------- 652 | Yuca de puerco.-__------------ 78
Teliostachya_.. 2, 44, 109, 111, 112, 696 | Yuca-e-puerco-_-___------------ 78
alopecuroidea------------- 111, 112 | Yuquilla____--__------------- 95

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