SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 45: 1-590 A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Revised from the original works by J. H. Lace, R. Rodger, H. G. Hundley, and U Chit Ko Ko on the “List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma’) by W. John Kress Robert A. DeFilipps Ellen Farr and Daw Yin Yin Kyi Department of Systematic Biology - Botany, National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2003 ABSTRACT Kress, W. John, Robert A. DeFilipps, Ellen Farr, and Daw Yin Yin Kyi. A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Revised from the original works by J. H. Lace, R. Rodger, H. G. Hundley, and U Chit Ko Ko on the “List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma”). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 45: 590 pages (including eight plates and three maps). A checklist is provided of the gymnosperms and angiosperms of the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar. This list, containing 273 families, 2,371 genera, and over 11,800 species, is updated from four previous editions dating back to 1912. The list was compiled from earlier lists, an inventory of specimens from select herbaria, advice from taxonomic specialists, and records from /ndex Kewensis and regional floras of neighboring countries. The entry for each species includes the Latin binomial, author, plant habit, distribution, and common Myanmar and English names. Political and vegetation maps, color plates of some common species and vegetation types, and indices to family, species and common names are provided. KEY WORDS: Myanmar, Checklist, Taxonomy, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. DATE OF PUBLICATION: April 2003 Cover Design and Illustrations by Alice Tangerini: front pagodas at Bagan; back Hitchenia glauca Wall. (Zingiberaceae). Contributions from the United States National Herbarium (ISSN 0097-1618) Department of Systematic Biology - Botany MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Contributions U.S. National Herbarium, Department of Systematic Biology - Botany MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48--1984. Contnbutions from the U.S. National Herbarium was first published in 1890 by The United States Department of Agriculture. From July 1, 1902 forward it was published as a Bulletin of the United States National Museum. The series was discontinued after volume 38, 1974, and has been revived with volume 39, as a venue for publishing longer taxonomic papers, checklists, floras, and monographs, produced by staff and associates at the U.S. National Herbarium. It is externally peer reviewed, and published at irregular intervals. Subscriptions and other correspondence should be addressed to CUSNH, Department of Systematic Biology - Botany MRC 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA e-mail CUSNH@nmnh.si.edu. The present issue is available for free while supplies last. CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE TO THE 1°' EDITION PREFACE TO THE 2” EDITION PREFACE TO THE 3°” EDITION PREFACE TO THE 4" EDITION INTRODUCTION 000.000 e eee cence cent een eeeene es 15 THE CURRENT CHECKLIST 220000000. e ees 15 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOR THE PRESENT EDITION...................... 17 A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION OF MYANMAR 000.000.0000 ccc 19 INTRODUCTION 0.0000... 000 n teen teen n ence es 19 GEOLOGY ............00...000..00 08, Leb e bebe eb bebe bebe bb bbe eee eeeeeeeeeees 19 CLIMATE 2000. enn b eee c ee bebe eee eeeetee een ees 20 VEGETATION 0000... ene e enn e tenet nb t eee enne es 21 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE VEGETATION TYPES AND SELECTED PLANT SPECIES OF MYANMAR [unnumbered pages] THE CHECKLIST 000.0... ccc ence beet eer n tne eee nees 33 GYMNOSPERMS |... 22.000 bette eet n ene e teen nee tence 33 MONOCOTYLEDONS |... 00. e nnn ene 37 DICOTYLEDONS. 00.0.0... oon ccc nenn eens 125 BIBLIOGRAPHY. .......... 000.200 ccc ccc etnntenn tenet eee nnn eens 397 APPENDIX I. COMMON NAMES .............0 0.0.00 05ers 399 APPENDIX II: INVCERTAE SEDIS—NAMES OF UNCERTAIN STATUS. ooo ccc c ebb bee beet tees bette een eseeee eee e neers 471 APPENDIX II]: NEW TAXA PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME.................... 483 INDEX TO FAMILIES ......... 000... c cece enn eect eee eee: 485 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES ..... 2.2.00. ee es 489 H. G. Hundley U Chit Ko Ko FOREWORD The great variety of natural habitats in Myanmar are rich in biodiversity, ranging from the high mountains continuous with the Himalayas in the north to the wet tropical forests in the south with dry, mixed deciduous, bamboo, hill, evergreen, and pine forests, including plains and valleys, in between. Many of the plant species in these habitats are well known and utilized by the local population and foresters, yet there remain many undiscovered species, especially in mountainous and other rarely explored or unexplored regions of the country. If foresters and botanists in Myanmar are to sustainably and scientifically manage their natural habitats and resources in the coming decades, it is of utmost importance that they venture to know what these new undiscovered species are and find out their medicinal, food, and other values in order to more fully use and manage our valuable plant resources. This new publication “A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar,” including gymnosperms and flowering plants, has now been compiled based on the last 125 years of study of the vegetation of Myanmar and follows the earlier botanical works of Hooker, Kurz, Lace, Rodgers, and most recently H.G. Hundley and U Chit Ko Ko in their “List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma.” Dr. W. John Kress, and his colleagues from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, U.S.A., and Daw Yin Yin Kyi from the Forest Research Institute at Yezin, Myanmar, and her colleagues from the Forest Department of Myanmar, have collaborated since 1996 in enhancing the knowledge of the plant species of our country. The Forest Department has concentrated primarily on the utilization aspect of the timber species, and as such there is still ample room for finding many medicinal, food, and other useful plant resources, which may have great potential for the benefit of our people. As such, there is an urgent need to revise and update all he past available publications and if possible, explore and discover new plants both for scientific, medicinal, and economic benefits for the country. This new revised checklist will greatly assist us in sustainably managing our natural plant resources. Thus, “A Checklist of the Tress, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar” will be very useful for foresters, botanists, students, land managers, and visitors to our country who take a keen interest in the luxuriant flora of Myanmar. We earnestly hope and expect that the current publication will be the basis for a renewed interest and knowledge in the plant resources of Myanmar, leading to a new impetus for further expeditions, explorations, and discoveries of the richness of the plant communities of our country. U Shwe Kyaw, Director-General Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Myanmar PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION (1912) In part I the order followed is that of the Flora of British India, except that the species are arranged alphabetically under each genus. Only those Grasses have been entered in the list for which vernacular names are known to have been recorded. The names in the third column of this part are Burmese where not shown as Kachin (Kc.), Karen (Kn.), or Shan (Sh.). 2. The vernacular names of other than well-known species should be accepted with caution; many of them require further verification and probably correction of spelling in some cases. For instance the recognized system of transliteration does not appear to have been adhered to in the case of many names recorded in the Taninthayi Circle Office as obtained in the South Taninthayi Division. It will be noticed that many of the Burmese names are of a generic character, and it is probable that they apply to many more species of a genus other than those for which they have been hitherto recorded. The present lists of vernacular names are not necessarily far from complete, but it is hoped that they will encourage Forest Officers to collect more names, so that the more complete and reliable edition of the present work may be published hereafter. When any doubt exists about the correct botanical name of a species for which a vernacular name is recorded, it is suggested that the only reliable method is to collect specimens at the same time and have them authoritatively determined. 3. The greater part of the list of Kachin names has been drawn up by Mr. G.E.S. Cubitt, Deputy Conservator of Forests, who has also rendered great help in checking Burmese names, and of the Shan names by Mr. G.R. Long, Officiating Conservator of Forests. Most of the names for the Ruby Mines District were furnished by Mr. A. Rodger, Deputy Conservator of Forests, and useful lists of vernacular names were received from Mr. E. M. Buchanan, Extra Deputy Conservator of Forests and Maung Tha Myaing, A. T. M., Extra Assistant Conservator of Forests. My best thanks are due to the above-mentioned officers for the assistance they have rendered, as well as to Mr. C. B. Smales, Deputy Conservator of Forests, who has kindly read the proof of the lists and corrected many errors. J. H. Lace Chief, Conservator of Forests, Burma CAMP, 23" November 1912 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (1921) The late Mr. Lace, after his retirement from Burma in 1913, did a great deal of work on his collections at Kew, and began to write a Flora of the Maymyo Plateau. The present writer sent him many specimens collected in the forests of Burma, and Mr. Lace kept him informed during the five years before his sudden death in Devonshire, in June 1918, of the results of his work at home. Large collections have been made by forest officers and others, and by the writer, all over Burma, and many new vernacular names have been recorded, since the first edition was published, and the present edition embodies the results of all these investigations up to date. The number of species recorded in the first edition was 2, 483, and the number in the present edition is 2, 927. A note has been made (except in the case of grasses) in column 3 of Part I, indicating where the plant is known to occur. This, it is hoped, will make the List more interesting and useful. A general index and lists of Talaing and Chin names have been added. In looking up records at Calcutta and Maymyo, and in the standard works such as Sir Dietrich Brandis, “Indian Trees” and “ The Forest Flora of British Burma” by S. Kurz, it is very striking to find on what slight foundations much of our knowledge of the forest Plants of Burma is based. Some plants appear to have been collected only once, perhaps a hundred years ago, and the necessity for a complete botanical survey of Burma is very evident, both from a scientific and from a commercial point of view. The jungle Burman is as a rule extremely good at naming trees and shrubs, but the names often vary very much, between Myitkyina and Mergui, and all except the commonest names must therefore be accepted with caution. The following notes on Burmese Names may be useful to those who use this book:- “In” and “Kanyin,” with modifications, represent a number of species of Dipterocarpus; “Karawe” means a Cinnamon; “Ngu” is a Cassia; “Nibase” is almost always a Morinda, “New” is a climber; “Nyaung” is a Ficus; “Tayaw,” “Petshat,” “Petwaing,” “Petwun,” “Taung-petwun,” “Petwungyi” are used for trees and shrubs with rounded leaves like Grewia, Eriolaena and Macaranga; the prefix “Pinle” means that the tree is often found near the sea; “Taung” is prefixed to a name to indicate that the plant occurs mostly on the hills. “Pyaung,” with sundry affixes, means a tall grass; “Sabe” or “Tawsabe” is usually a Jasmine; “Sagat,” “Zagat,” “Nyan,” “Thite,” “Thabeik,” “Metlein,” “Thitcha,” are common names for Oaks and Chestnuts; “Thinbaw” before a name usually means that the plant has been imported from abroad; “Taw,” meaning forest, is prefixed to a name to show that the wild plant resembles in some way a cultivated species; “Shaw” nearly always means a Sterculia, “Su” means that the plant is thorny; plants called “Thabut,” with modifications, usually belong to the Annonaceae; “Thabye” is a common name for species of Eugenia; “Wa” means a bamboo; “Kyein” means cane; “Tinyu” represents trees like Casuarina and Pine; “Yemein” is usually an Aporosa. The writer is indebted to the following for much useful information and help: Lady Cuff, A. E. English, C. I. E., C. G. Rogers, C. I. E., C. B. Smales, H. W. A. Watson, J. C. Hopwood, H. R. Blanford, O. B. E., W. A. Robertson, A. H. M. Barrington, W. S. Powell, V.H. T. Fields-Clarke, A. P. Davis, J. W. Bradley, J. M. D. Mackenzie, R. A. Cochrane, L. C. Secluna, W. J. G. Cooper, A. J. S. Butterwick, G. M. Turner, R. E. Cooper, W. W. Smith, F. Kingdon-Ward. It is hoped that forest officers and others will continue to make botanical collections in the forest, and to record vernacular names, as there is still a great deal to be discovered. A. Rodger Conservator of Forests Tenasserim Circle Rangoon 20" November 1921 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION (1957) The late Sir Alexander Rodger published the second edition in 1922 during his last spell of office in Burma before he finally moved to India to take up the combined post of President of the Forest Research Institute and Colleges and Inspector-General of Forests, India, at Dehra Dun in 1925. Thirty odd years have elapsed since then, and Sir Alexander passed away in his retirement in England on 30" September 1950. These have been eventful years botanically, as the north-west, northern and north-east frontiers of Burma which have hitherto remained more or less a closed book, began to yield a portion, through small, of their botanical secrets under repeated inroads and assaults of daring explorers and intrepid plant-hunters. 2. Considerable numbers of rare and interesting specimens, many of them new to science, were discovered and collected from these regions by G. Forrest in 1924-25, U Su Koe, Silviculturist Ranger in 1929, F. Kingdon-Ward in 1930-31, in 1937 and again in 1952-54. C.W.D. Kermode, as Silviculturist, Burma, made a special tour of the North-East Frontier and visited the passes during March-May 1938 when he brought back over 500 specimens. F. Kingdon-Ward contributed some 531 interesting botanical specimens from the Vernay-Cutting expedition undertaken during the winter months-November 1938 to April 1939. This explorer and plant-collector of renown again visited Burma after she gained her independence and together with his wife, Silviculturist Ranger U Tha Hla, and U Chit Ko Ko, Curator of the Forest Department Herbarium, spent the period from December 1952 to January 1954 in what is known as the Triangle Area. This last venture yielded some 1,500 specimen of which the bulk is yet to be identified and listed. Various interesting accounts of these expeditions have been written, and those interested in these expeditions can refer to such works as “In Farthest Burma,” “Plant Hunters’ Paradise,” “Burma’s Icy Mountains,” “ Report on the Forests of the North Triangle Kachin State, North Burma” by F. Kingdon-Ward, “Diary of C. W. D. Kermode During A Special Tour of the North-East Frontier of Burma,” “Far Ridges” by J. K. Stanford, etc. 3. The need for a complete work on flora of Burma has never so keenly been felt as now when the forestry world is rapidly moving on toward the ideal of close and complete utilization of every constituent species under the integration of forest industries. But little headway or advance has yet been made beyond such standard works as Brandis’ “Indian Trees” and Kurz’s “The Forest Flora of British Burma” which have all gone out of print. In the meantime materials collected on these expeditions, together with the random collections made by forest officers and various others in the field in the intervening period have accumulated considerably, and it is felt that a compilation of all such materials is most desirable. The present edition is but an attempt to put on record all those accumulations in one safe place for future easy reference when work on the flora is undertaken. 4. The number of species recorded in the present edition is nearly 7, 000 while that in the second edition was 2,927 species. The first edition by Lace in 1912 started with 2,483 species. The present list is naturally far from complete as a great deal of work yet remains to be done especially in less glamorous tracts - like Naga Hills, Chin Hills, Rakhine Hill Tracts, Kayah State, and evergreen forests in general. 5. A feature of the present edition is the inclusion of orchids as befits a checklist of the country which is also the home of many rare and most beautiful orchids. The inclusion of grasses and herbs is another reason for the increase in number. With the quest for good fodders, and medicinal plants too, is indicated a great scope for future investigations. 6. The families have been arranged, as far as feasible, on the system of Bentham and Hooker and in accord with present taxonomic practice. Thus— (1) Papaveraceae is subdivided into Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae; (i1) Bixaceae is subdivided into Cochlospermaceae, Bixaceae, Flacourtiaceae; (iii) Tiliaceae is subdivided into Tiliaceae, Elaeocarpaceae; (iv) Geraniaceae is subdivided into Geraniaceae, Oxalidaceae, Balsaminaceae; (v) Olacinaceae [sic] is subdivided into Olacaceae, Icacinaceae; (vi) Sapindaceae is subdivided into Sapindaceae, Aceraceae; (vii) Urticaceae is subdivided into Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae, Cannabinaceae; (vill) Cupuliferae is subdivided into Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae; (ix) Scitaminaceae is subdivided into Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae, Muscaceae; and (x) Coniferae is subdivided into Ginkgoaceae, Taxaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cephalotaxaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Cupressaceae, To ensure easy reference synonyms have been added; numerous Burmese names and abbreviations have been introduced. The general index and the lists of other names have also been expanded. 7. Burmese and vernacular names, which are nearly always descriptive rather than specific, have been useful as far as they go, but their usefulness has been overstretched in that a stage is now reached when whatever new species will be discovered, will not find a ready name in Burmese. It would not be a bad idea to standardize these as is now being done in Malaya. Generally, scientific names alone will alone [sic] determine the new species or those that do not enter into the daily life of the villagers. 8. The hope that forest officers and others will continue to make botanical collections in the forest and record vernacular names is again repeated, as the realization that a lot remains to be discovered is ever present. 9. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following for their assistance and useful information: U Thein Lwin, who in 1942 through his guidance and encouragement impressed on the initiator the necessity for revising the book during the tedious years of Japanese occupation when work on collecting information and materials was first begun, and also for his contribution of a wealth of information on grasses; D. J. Atkinson; U San; Deputy Ranger U Po Khant and U Chit Ko Ko of Silviculturist Branch, Forest Research and Training Circle; C. W. D. Kermode; long and last, but not the least, Dewan Mohinder Nath and Dr. F. G. Dickason, both of Botany Department, Rangoon University who meticulously went through the manuscripts and pointed out many errors. 10. Acknowledgements are also due and freely given to — Bor, N. L.A. Manual of Indian Forest Botany. Brandis, D. Indian Trees. Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India. Kurz, S. The Forest Flora of British Burma. Macmillan, H. F. Tropical Planting and Gardening. Merrill, E. D. The Upper Burma Plants collected by Captain Kingdon-Ward on the Vernay-Cutting Expedition 1938-39. [Brittonia 4: 20-188. 1941] Rhind, D. The Grasses of Burma. Sawyer, A M. and Daw Nyun. Classified List of the Plants of Burma. Various Kew Bulletins. The lack of Index Kewensis in the Library has been keenly felt but it is heartening to find that it is included in the list of books now on its way as a gift from New Zealand to the Forest Department under Colombo Plan Aid. 11. It has fallen to my lot to complete the work of revision initiated by U Aung Din, B. Sc. (Hons.) (Rgn.), M. A. (For.) (Oxon.), my predecessor and U Kan, late Curator of the Forest Department Herbarium, so credit due should go to them for this revised and enlarged Third Edition. H. G. Hundley Silviculturist, Rangoon, Burma 15" September 1957 PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION (1987) Thirty years have passed and the stock of the third edition has become exhausted hence necessity for this fourth edition. It now embraces 7050 species in 285 families and 2254 genera, of which about 2000 or 28.5 percent are trees and small trees. The increase in the number of species is mainly due to the inclusion of garden species and species that have been brought into the country as house plants. During this period there has been an awareness of the beauty of plants for use in decorating homes and offices and it has become commonplace to come across potted plants for sale at bazaars and nurseries in most towns. The Forest Department has also done, and is doing, much to encourage villagers to plant trees for their domestic use and recreation. Soon after the last edition was published the Forest Research and Training Circle issued “Standard Nomenclature of Forest Plants, Burma, in Commercial Timbers” with the intention that standard names would be generally used and so simplify the nomenclature issue. Standard Burmese names are given first in column 3 of Part I of this edition. I am grateful to Dr. Daw Khin Sein of the Rangoon Arts and Science University, Botany Department for going through my manuscripts and correcting them where necessary. H. G. Hundley Retd. Conservator of Forests Wildlife Consultant Forest Department, Rangoon 25" October 1986 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 15 A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers Recorded from Myanmar W. John Kress', Robert A. DeFilipps', Ellen Farr', and Daw Yin Yin Kyi? INTRODUCTION THE CURRENT CHECKLIST Botanical exploration of the Southeast Asian country of Myanmar (formerly Burma), which lies north of the equator and spans both tropical and subtropical biomes (see maps), began in the 1800’s when the country was under the rule of the British. Several partial plant lists of the country were produced as part of the botanical study of the entire British colonial system in India and parts of Asia, including Kurz’s "The Forest Flora of British Burma” (1877) and Hooker’s “Flora of British India” (1894). However, after World War II botanical investigations sharply decreased. No modern synoptic inventory of the plants of Myanmar exists and relatively few recent scientific plant collections exist in or out of the country. The most substantial botanical collections currently in Myanmar are found at the Forest Research Institute in Yezin (RAF) and at the University of Yangon (RANG). The primary herbaria outside of the country housing collections from Myanmar are at the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew (K) and Edinburgh (E), The Natural History Museum (BM), Harvard University (GH), New York Botanical Garden (NY), the National Herbarium at Calcutta (CAL), and the Forest Research Institute at Dehra Dun (DD). Myanmar is exceptionally rich in plant biodiversity, but during the last half-century very few new plant collections have been made in this area. As stated by Frodin (2001), “Considerable parts [of the country] remain botanically not at all or poorly known; moreover, much of the collecting done until then [1962], particularly after World War II, has not been reported upon or only haphazardly so. Of all of tropical Asia, it has had the smallest proportion of its flora collected.” The only list of plants specifically for the region now encompassing Myanmar was first compiled in 1912 by J.H. Lace and published as the “List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma.” The original edition included 2,483 species; a second edition was published by A. Rodger in 1922. In 1961 H.G. Hundley (Silviculturist in Burma) and U Chit Ko Ko (Curator of the Herbarium in Rangoon) updated the earlier work with a more complete treatment of the grasses, orchids, and herbs. About 7,000 species are included in the last published edition of 1987. The core of the last edition, which was published by the Forest Department in Rangoon, is a list of the species known from Myanmar at that time. This volume was not widely distributed outside of Myanmar and has been completely out of print and difficult to obtain. The present and more comprehensive edition of the previous “List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma” up-dates the earlier checklists using modern taxonomic resources and information from plant family specialists. The entry for each species includes the Latin ' Botany, MRC-166, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O.Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. * Forest Reseach Institute, Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry, Yezin, Pyinmana, Myanmar. 16 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar binomial, author, plant habit, distribution by State/Division, and common Myanmar and English names if available. New names and records for taxa have been compiled from advice from taxonomic specialists and from herbarium specimens at RAF, US, K, GH, and E, although a comprehensive inventory of the entire Myanmar collections at these institutions is only now underway. In addition records of taxa occurring in Myanmar have been taken from J/ndex Kewensis and from regional floras’ of neighboring China, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Laos, and Bangladesh. All names used in the earlier editions have been up-dated and a full index of synonyms of taxa listed in those editions is provided as well as indices to scientific and common names (both Myanmar and English). For those species names that have been changed since the earlier editions, the original names appearing in Hundley are indicated by “Cited as:” under the appropriate checklist entry. For clarity subspecies and varieties in the earlier editions have been omitted and are subsumed under the appropriate species entries. These subspecific epithets are listed in the “Index to Scientific Names” at the end. In an effort to make this checklist of maximal value to a variety of users, especially our Myanmar colleagues, the species, genera, and families are arranged alphabetically with the latter segregated into gymnosperms, monocotyledons, and dicotyledons. Family designations and circumscriptions follow Brummitt (1992). The current revised list contains 273 families, 2,371 genera, and over 11,800 species, a 67% increase over the previous edition. Still problematic, due to the lack of comprehensive herbarium collections — of Myanmar plants, are accurate determinations of the geographic distribution of taxa. The current designations should only be considered approximate and are based on data from the original lists, existing specimens, and estimates from taxonomic specialists. In cases where few records exist, but the taxon is known to be common, the distribution is assigned as “wide.” We expect that as collecting efforts increase throughout the country our distribution accounts will substantially be revised. Common names are likewise based on records from the previous lists as well as new information from herbarium collections, foresters, and botanists in Myanmar. For those readers unfamiliar with Myanmar, we have provided a short synopsis of the geology, climate, and vegetation types of the country, several maps, and a series of illustrations of representative species and habitats. These additions are by necessity limited but will allow users of the checklist to more fully comprehend and appreciate the floristic diversity of the country. The new checklist is accompanied by a Web-site ( http://persoon.si.edu/myanmar/). The electronic version provides access to the checklist by a more diverse audience worldwide, allows an interactive interface that can be tailored to the requirements of specific groups of users, and permits updating of the data as new information becomes available. We hope that our revisions provide a modern and useful checklist of the seed plants of Myanmar for use by taxonomists, foresters, conservationists, and students in-country as well as the rest of the world. Yet this list should be considered only preliminary until a substantial collecting effort is completed throughout the numerous habitats and vegetation types of the country. We also anticipate that this revised checklist, especially the electronic version, will serve as the foundation for a major new “Flora of Myanmar.” A comprehensive floristic treatment of the country, which has not been attempted since the work of Hooker, will require several decades to complete. However, when completed this floristic compendium of the plants of Myanmar will be a critical step necessary for the effective utilization and management of the natural resources of the country. W. John Kress Head of Botany, United States National Herbarium, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, U. S. A. 15 November 2002 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 17 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FOR THE PRESENT EDITION Participants in Project The authors greatly acknowledge the assistance and support of many persons in the Forest Department of Myanmar during the production of the Checklist, including Dr. Kyaw Tint, U Shwe Kyaw, U Khin Maung Zaw, U Uga, U Win Kyi, U Saw Y. A. C. Doo, Prof. Saw Kelvin Keh, U Thet Htun, U Aung Zaw Moe, and Daw Mu Mu Aung. At the University of Yangon essential assistance was provided in reviewing the list by Dr. Tin Myint, Dr. Daw Khin Sein, Dr. Daw Aye Kyi, Daw May Than Nwe, Daw Mya Mya Thit, U Tin Maung Ohn, Daw Khin Mya Maw, Daw Khin Thein, Dr. Aye Pe, Daw Cho Cho, Daw Sanda Hlaing, Daw Nu Nu Lwin, and Daw Mar Mar Aye. At the Smithsonian invaluable help was provided by Deborah Bell, Michael Bordelon, Aaron Goldberg, Elaine Haug, Ida Lopez, Shirley Maina, Marilyn Hansen, and _ Christian Tuccinardi. We are especially indebted to Dr. Christen Wemmer who first introduced the senior author to the biodiversity of Myanmar. Ms. Priscilla A. Clapp (former Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Embassy in Yangon) and U Myaing Linn (Myanmar Ambassador in Washington) were exceptionally encouraging and supportive of this project. Funding for this project was provided by the Forest Department and the Forest Research Institute of Myanmar, the National Museum of Natural History’s Department of Botany and Biotic Surveys and Inventories Program, the Atherton Seidell Fund of the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Geographic Society. List of Family Reviewers Acanthaceae: D. C. Wasshausen (US) Annonaceae: P. J. A. Kessler (L), R. M. K. Saunders (HKU) Apiaceae: M. Watson (E) Apocynaceae: L. Allorge (P) Araceae: D. H. Nicolson (US) Araliaceae: D. G. Frodin (K), H.-J. Esser (HBG) Arecaceae: S. Zona (FTG), J. Dransfield (K), A. Henderson (NY) Arecaceae (Licuala): 8. L. Guan (KLU) Aristolochiaceae: J. Ma (GH) Asclepiadaceae: S, Liede (UBT), U. Meve (UBT) Asteraceae: J. F. Pruski (MO), H. E. Robinson (US) Bignoniaceae: S. O. Grose (WTU) Bombacaceae: L. J. Dorr (US) Brassicaceae: I. Al-Shehbaz (MO) Cabombaceae: J. H. Wiersema (BARC) Cactaceae: B. E. Leuenberger (B) Caesalpiniaceae: S. S. Larsen (AAU) Cannaceae: W. J. Kress (US) Caryophyllaceae: W. L. Wagner (US), S.-P. Hong (KHUS) Celastraceae: J. Ma (GH) Ceratophyllaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Commelinaceae: R. B. Faden (US) Connaraceae: C. C. H. Jongkind (WAG) Convolvulaceae: G. Staples (BISH), S.-Z. Yang (PPI) Coriariaceae: L. E. Skog (US) Costaceae: W. J. Kress (US) Crassulaceae: L. Allorge (P) Cucurbitaceae: J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. (BARC) Cyperaceae: M. T. Strong (US) Elaeocarpaceae: L. J. Dorr (US) Ericaceae: W. S. Judd (FLAS) Erythroxylaceae: R. C. K. Chung (KEP) Escalloniaceae (Polyosma): S. L. Guan (KLU) Euphorbiaceae: J. Ma (GH) Euphorbiaceae (Bridelia): S. Dressler (FR) Gentianaceae: Y.-M. Yuan (NEU) Gesneriaceae: J. K. Boggan (US), C. Feuillet (US), L. E. Skog (US) Haloragaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Heliconiaceae: W. J. Kress (US) Hydrocharitaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Lauraceae: H. van der Werff (MO) Lecythidaceae: S. A. Mori (NY), P. Chantaranothai (Khon Kaen, Thailand) Lentibulariaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Lythraceae: S. A. Graham (KE) Malvaceae: L. J. Dorr (US) Marantaceae: W. J. Kress (US) Melastomataceae: S. S. Renner (St. Louis) Menyanthaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Musaceae: A.-Z. Liu (Kunming) Myrtaceae: J. A. N. Parnell (TCD), P. Chantaranothai (Khon Kaen, Thailand) Nelumbonaceae: J. H. Wiersema (BARC) Nymphaeaceae: J. H. Wiersema (BARC) Onagraceae: W. L. Wagner (US) 18 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Orchidaceae: E. A. Christenson (Sarasota), D. E. Boufford (GH) Oxalidaceae: R. C. K. Chung (KEP) Papaveraceae: J. W. Kadereit (HEID), M.-L. Zhang (Beijing) Papaveraceae (Corydalis): M. Liden (UPS) Papaveraceae (Meconopsis): C. Yuan (GH), K. Jork (MJG) Passifloraceae: C. Feuillet (US) Plantaginaceae: J. A. N. Parnell (TCD) Poaceae: P. M. Peterson (US), R. J. Soreng (US) Poaceae (Bambusoideae): G. Guala (FTG) Pontederiaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Potamogetonaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Proteaceae: R. C. K. Chung (KEP) Rutaceae: J. A. Kallunki (NY) Sapindaceae: P. Acevedo-Rodriguez (US) Sapotaceae: P. Chantaranothai (Khon Kaen, Thailand) Saururaceae: A. R. Brach (GH) Schisandraceae: R. M. K. Saunders (HKU) Smilacaceae: T. Koyama (MBK) Solanaceae: M. Nee (NY) Sterculiaceae: L. J. Dorr (US) Strelitziaceae: W. J. Kress (US) Theaceae: S.-Z. Yang (PPI) Tiliaceae: R. C. K. Chung (KEP), L. J. Dorr (US) Typhaceae: C. D. K. Cook (Z) Vitaceae: P. Singh (BSHC) Zingiberaceae: K. Larsen (AAU), W. J. Kress (US) Zingiberaceae (G/obba): K. J. Williams (DUKE) Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 19 A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION OF MYANMAR INTRODUCTION Myanmar occupies an area of 678,033 sq. km in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India, Bangladesh, and the Bay of Bengal on the west, China to the north and northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east, and the Andaman Sea to the south (see maps). With the exception of the centrally located Ayeyarwady valley and delta, the most populated area, the terrain is generally hilly and mountainous. The climate is mostly monsoonal. The vegetation consists of tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, primarily in the south; tropical hill evergreen rain forest and temperate evergreen rain forest above 900 m in the east, north and west; semi-evergreen rain forest in a narrow belt bordering an arid central plain; mixed deciduous forest with Tectona grandis (teak) and dry dipterocarp forest centrally; coniferous forests in Shan and Chin States, with Pinus khasya between 1200-2500 m on dry slopes; oak and rhododendron forests on wetter slopes; dry forest and scrub formations where rainfall is below 100 cm, including “than-dahat forest” with Terminalia and Tectona thorn scrub with Acacia and Ziziphus and “indaing scrub forest” on lateritic soils, with Shorea siamensis and Shorea obtusa (Davis et al., 1986, 1995). Additionally, large tracks of bamboo forests are scattered throughout (Rao, 1974). As recently as 1931, Myanmar was nearly three-quarters forested (Murphy, 1931). The Myanmar Forest Department estimates that closed and degraded forest together currently constitute 343,767 sq. km or approximately 51% of the total area of the country. The estimated rate of deforestation of closed broadleaved forest in 1981 was 1015 sq. km per year (FAO/UNEP, 1981). More recently Myers (1988), quoting Forest Department figures, stated that about 1420 sq. km per annum of primary forest is transformed by shifting cultivation, while Kyaw Tint and Tun Hla (1991) have estimated that open forest increases annually by approximately 278,000 hectares per year. The actual overall forest cover of Myanmar has decreased because of varying factors, such as forest land acquisition for agriculture, establishment of rubber and timber plantations, economic and social stresses imposed on the major rural populations that are dependent on the forest for their subsistence, over exploitation of the forest for fuel wood and charcoal marketing, and successional changes in forest types due to acute biotic influences. It is likely that the annual rate of forest conversion will continue to increase due to all of these processes (Brunner et al., 1998). This overview of the geology, climate, and vegetation of Myanmar is intended as an aid to understanding the factors contributing to the diversity, distribution, and conservation of the flora as presented in this revised checklist. GEOLOGY As stated in Stamp (1925), geology and the resultant soils are major controlling factors in the local distribution of forest types and individual species, although to some extent climate and soil counteract one another. Eastern Myanmar The highlands (the entire Shan Plateau, Karen, and a southern extension that forms the whole of Taninthayi) of eastern Myanmar are formed of a complex of old hard rocks. This area is bound on the West by a relatively narrow belt of old gneiss, producing very little soil. In the North, much of the Shan Plateau is formed of alternating bands of gneiss and limestone. To the South old sedimentary rocks cover most of the country and of these the Plateau Limestone is the most widespread. Stamp (1925) states that the limestone's existence appears to be directly responsible for the Shan Grasslands. In the 20 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar massif of the Shan States there are also old filled lake basins which provide rich alluvial tracts grading into marshes in the center. Rakhine (Arakan) Yoma A belt of ancient rocks, including gneisses, occurs as a narrow strip forming the core of the northern part of the Rakhine Yoma. Central Basin: In an area roughly comprising — the Chindwin-Ayeyarwady and Sittaung Valley with the intervening Bago Yoma, as well as the foothills of the Rakhine Yoma and the hills on each side of the Chindwin, is a large area of Tertiary Rocks. These Tertiary Beds are composed of clays, shales, sandstones and loose sands. Nearly all of these beds are sandier in the North than in the South. Wide stretches of alluvium occupy the broad valley floors. Bago Yoma This range consists of a folded mass of Tertiary rocks, almost entirely Peguan. The main folds run North to South so that in the simpler parts the Bago Yoma consist of long bands of different types of rock. The outcrops have a steep scarp slope on one side and a gentle dip slope on the other. The direction of the dip controls the drainage and, along with the soils, influences the type of forest. Eastern Foothills of the Rakhine (Arakan) Yoma, from Pathein to the Pakokku District Here the folds also run roughly North and South, with long narrow outcrops of alternating sandstones forming hills and clays forming valleys. Pakokku District north to the Somra Tract (The Chindwin Valley) The same North and South outcrops occur here, but beds of dry coarse sands are common. Bands of purplish or mottled clay are also common, with interbedded shales and sandstone far less so. Mu-Chindwin Divide Same as in the previous formation, but volcanic rocks occur and produce volcanic soils. Mu-Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) Divide The rocks and soils combine to some extent the characteristics of the Chindwin Valley with the Shan States massifs. In the upper Ayeyarwady Valley, large stretches of loose sands occur, resulting in swampy areas that are slightly clayey. Considerable areas of crystalline rocks also occur. Dry Belt In this area the rocks are only slightly folded and tend to be soft and easily eroded. Rakhine (Arakan) Coast The Rakhine Coastal Strip consists of folded Tertiary rocks. Again, these folds run roughly North and South. The rocks do not vary greatly from those of the Bago Yoma, but are more thoroughly lithified. Consequently, instead of producing good loamy soils, they form very poor stony soil. Stamp (1925) states that this situation is probably also due to the accumulation of good soil being hindered by heavy rainfall. CLIMATE Myanmar is essentially a tropical monsoon country, with cloudy, rainy, hot humid summers (June to September, southwest monsoon) and less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during the winter (December to April, northeast monsoon). Local climate, which has a major influence on the diversity and distribution of plant species, is determined by the combination of temperature, rainfall, and elevation as discussed below. Rainfall As previously stated, the rainy season lasts approximately from June to September or October. Except in the extreme South (Taninthayi), the remainder of the year is almost rainless. November through January are considered to be the cool season. In February the temperature as a whole increases, reaching a maximum in April or May. Although a considerable area of Myanmar lies to the North of the Tropic of Cancer, the whole of the country as far as its vegetation is concerned belongs to the Tropical Zone. The so-called Warm Temperate Forests of the North occur there as a consequence of elevation. Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 21 Stamp (1925) states that there are two primary rainfall lines, 100 cm and 200 cm, and that climatologically speaking these two lines divide Myanmar into three parts, as follows: 1. Area with less that 100 cm. This is the Dry Belt, which exists due to the presence of the Rakhine Yoma, cutting it off from the rain-bearing Southwest Monsoon. Most of the rain falls in a few heavy downpours during the Wet Season. A rainfall of less than 100 cm is, in Myanmar, insufficient for the growth of forests. Although there are a number of trees, which reach a large size even in the Dry Belt, they do not grow as forests and many of them are not native species. 2. Area with rainfall between 100 and 200 cm. This is the area of the Monsoon forests, 1.e., those forests which lose their leaves during the Dry Season, usually from about January or February. Here and in the Dry Belt the new leaves appear about a month before the rains break. Flowering in many species takes place shortly before the rains. Teak and many of the other valuable timbers come from this region. It should be noted that in areas of the Bago Yoma many important forests occur where the rainfall is somewhat over 200 cm. 3. Area with a rainfall of over 200 cm. This region contains the majority of evergreen forests. Temperature Temperatures are highest in the Central Zone, represented by the Divisions Magway, Mandalay and Sagaing. The mean maximum temperature, which occurs in May, is close to 40 degrees C, while the mean minimum temperature, which occurs in December, is a few degrees below 15 degrees C. In the Littoral and Sub-Montane Divisions, the mean maximum temperatures are nearly 10 degrees less than in the Central Zone, while the mean minimum reading is a few degrees over 15 degrees C. In the Hilly District, or Ruby Mines Division, the mean maximum, occurring in May, is 26 degrees C and the mean minimum, which occurs in December, is 3 degrees C. In the Temperate Zone, represented by Chin, Kachin and Shan States, the temperature rarely goes above 30 degrees C or below 4 degrees C. Although snow is seldom seen in the Chin and the Shan hills, it is found on the mountain ranges in the extreme north of Kachin. In the Valleys of the Shan hills, and especially in the Salween River valley, the maximum temperature in the shade is over 40 degrees C on a regular basis through most of April. Elevation In Myanmar elevation has a_ very pronounced effect on the distribution of the vegetation. The elevation zones may be delimited as follows: 1. Land over 900 m. Stamp (1925) states that this probably represents the frost line. This upper limit is lower the further North one goes. Stamp also notes that "in ‘frost holes’ or depressions in plateau areas the dividing line may descend very low" and that there "appears to be no true grassland...below 900 to 750 m except in frost hollows." 2. Land below 900 m (except tidal areas). Most of the land below 300 m is cultivated. The remainder is largely forest-covered. Rainfall determines the range from evergreen rainforests, through monsoon and savanna forest to thorn forests and thorn-scrub or even to semi-desert (an impoverished type of woodland). 3. Tidal areas. According to Stamp, the most important areas are the seaward part of the Ayeyarwady Delta, the lower islands of the Mergui Archipelago and South Rakhine. VEGETATION Currently no modern account of the vegetation of Myanmar exists (see summaries by Rao, 1974, and de Terra, 1944). The outstanding pioneer work of Kurz (1877) provided a clear overview of the vegetation as a whole and was later expanded by the more comprehensive treatment of Stamp (1924, 1925), which is still applicable today. We present here a_ brief summary of both systems. The System of Kurz (1877) Original Vegetation Cover I. Forests 22 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar A. Evergreen Forests 1. Littoral Forest a. Mangrove Communities b. Tidal Forest 2. Swamp Forests 3. Tropical Forests a. Closed Tropical Forests b. Open Tropical Forests or Moist Forests 4. Evergreen Hill Forests or Temperate Forests a. Drier Hill Forests (900-2,000 m) b. Pine Forests (900-2,000 m) c. Damp Hill Forests (900-1,800 m) B. Deciduous Forests 1. Open Forests a. Hill Eng Forests b. Eng or Laterite Forests c. Low Forests 2. Mixed Forests a. Alluvial Mixed Forests i. Lower Mixed Forests ii. Savanna Forests ill. Beach Communities b. Upper Mixed Forests or Teak Forests i. Moist Teak Forests il. Dry Teak Forests 3. Dry Forests a. Mixed Dry Forests b. Sha Forests c. Hill Dry Forests II. Savannas and Low Vegetation A. Terrestrial 1. Bamboo Communities 2. Savannas 3. Grasslands a. Tall Grass b. Short Grass (Lowland) c. Hill Grasslands 4. Riparian Communities a. Rivers with Sand or Clay Bottoms b. Rivers with Rocky Bottoms B. Aquatic (Swamps and Water Bodies) 1. Fresh Water a. Swamps b. Lakes and Stagnant Water c. Flowing Water 2. Salt Water a. Tidal Swamps and Salt Lakes b. Marine Vegetation Vegetation of Cultivated Lands and Secondary Growth I. Vegetation of Agricultural Lands A. Lower Agricultural Lands, such as rice fields B. Upper Cultivated Lands (Taungyas and abandoned fields) C. Ponzos and other abandoned cultivated lands II. Village Vegetation A. Native Gardens B. Waste Places in environs of villages (including roadsides, areas around residences, clearings) III. Weeds and other Naturalized Plants The System of Stamp (1924) A. Mountain Vegetation (above 900 m or the frost line) 1. Oak Forest 2. Pine Forest 3. Rhododendron Forest 4. Bracken Brake 5. Mountain Bamboo Brake 6. Mountain Grassland B. Lowland Vegetation (below 900 m) 1. Evergreen Dipterocarp Forest . Wet Evergreen Forest (Northern type) . Mixed Cane Brake . Bamboo Brake . Pyinkado or Semi-evergreen Forest . Moist Teak Forest . Dry Teak Forest . Pyinma Forest 9. Semi-Indaing 10. Indaing 11. Diospyros Forest 12. Dry Deciduous Forest without Teak 13. Than-Dahat Forest 14. Sha-Dahat Thorn Forest 15. Sha Thorn Scrub 16. Ziziphus Thorn Scrub 17. Euphorbia Semi-Desert 18. Valley Swamp Forest 19. Kanazo Forest 20. Mixed Delta Scrub 21. True Mangrove Forest 22. Beach or Dune Forest 23. Salt marsh Vegetation 24. Freshwater Swamp Vegetation 25. Lake Vegetation C. Seral Communities 1. Kaing Grassland (Sandbanks) 2. Combretum Hedgerow Community COM NA nr BW LO Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 23 3. Riverside and Village Parkland 4. Ponzos A Brief Description of the Vegetation Types of Myanmar following Stamp (1924) MOUNTAIN VEGETATION A-1 OAK FOREST (including Temperate Rain Forests of the NE Frontier; Kurz: Damp Hill Forests and Drier Hill Forests; Quercus-Castanopsis Association; Myanmar Thite) Description: Evergreen forests are characterized by several species of Quercus (oak), collectively known as Thitcha. The most frequent species include Quercus spicata, Q. brandisiana, Q. serrata, Q. helferiana, Q. mespilifolia, Q. lanceaefolia, Q. pachyphylla, and Q. thomsoni, Castanopsis spp. (chestnuts) are almost equally characteristic. Habitat and Distribution: Thought to cover very large areas except where this forest type has been replaced by grassland types or where light soils and higher elevation favor pines. Generally from 1,000 to 1,800 m, but may occur as low as 650 m. A-2 PINE FOREST (of Kurz) Description: Pines have occasionally been recorded as low as 200 m (Pinus merkusii in Taninthayi and P. khasya on light sands in the Chindwin-Shwebo Hills at 330 m), but usually the Pine Forests do not occur much below 1,200 m. The principal species is Pinus khasya. Pine Forests are much more sporadic in distribution than the Oak Forests and cover a considerably smaller area. Habitat and Distribution: On light soil at elevations of 900 to 2,700 m. : On higher ridges of the Rakhine Yoma, either on sandy hills of the Ponnyadaungs (and the Upper Chindwin) or on schists, such as around Kanpetlet. The well known patches, such as at Kalaw, on the Shan Plateau seem to occur on sandy beds. A-3 RHODODENDRON FOREST Description: This is probably the highest vegetation zone within Myanmar. Kingdon- Ward (1921) gives many short descriptions of the Rhododendron Forests of the Northeast. He states "Up to a certain point the rhododendrons grow bigger as one ascends the mountains, the biggest tree rhododendrons occurring at intermediate altitudes, say 2,100 to 3,000 m. Thence they rapidly decrease in size, till at 4,000 to 4,300 m on the North-East Frontier and 4,600 to 5,300 m on the Yunnan ranges, they grow like heather...". Kingdon-Ward (1921) provides a list of 33 species (including undetermined) of Rhododendron. Abies densa (silver fir) is very frequently scattered through the Rhododendron Forest. A-4 BRACKEN BRAKE Description: Hillsides in the Shan States are often covered with bracken fern up to 2 m tall. Examples have been described as far south as the latitude of Toungoo and further north the type is very common. Thalictrum sp. is common. Some observers believe that Bracken Brake is not a natural formation, but is instead the result of "taungya" cultivation. A-5 MOUNTAIN BAMBOO BRAKE Description: Bamboo often forms a dense forest of considerable height in hilly regions in the middle of the Northeastern Frontier, where it occurs on hillsides in the midst of Oak Forests. It also occurs at high altitudes. A-6 MOUNTAIN GRASSLAND Description: Grassland, thought to be a climax community, covers large areas of the Shan Plateau. It is also found on level ridge tops in the Rakhine Yomas, the Chin Hills and on hill slopes of northeastern Myanmar. The flora is similar to that of Europe in aspect, including plants such as wild roses, honeysuckle, numerous mints, morning glories, epilobiums, anemone, milkworts, clematis, violets and St. John's wort. The edaphic control of the fissured Plateau Limestone seems to be important here. In other localities, the grassland's presence is a consequence of human activity. 24 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar LOWLAND VEGETATION B-1 EVERGREEN DIPTEROCARP FOREST (Wet Dipterocarp Forests; Tropical Rain Forests; Kurz: Tropical Forests) Description: These occur as the Wet Dipterocarp Forests of Taninthayi and those of the southern parts of the Bago Yoma. They form high, dense evergreen forests characterized by an immense number of tree species (nearly all of which yield very hard timbers). In Taninthayi, the following are the more important: Dipterocarpus alatus, D. grandiflorus, and D. turbinatus ("kanyin," "kanyin-byu," "kanyin-byan," and "kanyin-ni"), Shorea spp. ("kaban"), Anisoptera sp. ("kaunghmu"), Hopea odorata and other species (“thingan’), Parashorea stellata ("kadut," “‘thingadu”), Fagraea fragrans (“anan”), Madhuca longifolia (“kamzaw”), and Mesua _ferrea (‘gangaw”). The trees included here are primarily ones that have attracted attention because of their use as timber. There are many other species as well. Epiphytes are numerous, especially filmy ferns, mosses, fungi and some orchids. In typical cases, ground vegetation may be almost absent; elsewhere, a carpet of Selaginella and ferns is found. In the Bago Yoma forests the most typical trees include Dipterocarpus alatus and D. turbinatus (“kanyin”), Hopea_ odorata ("thingan"), Parashorea stellata ("kadut," “thingadu”), Lagerstroemia spp. (“pyinma” and “leza”), Pentace burmanica (“thitk”), Anisoptera scaphula (‘thingadu”), Swintonia sp. ("thayet-san"), and Artocarpus lakoocha (“myauklok”). The undergrowth is often a tangle of Calamus spp. (canes), the creeping bamboo Neohouzeaua helferi ("wa-thabut") and palms. This undergrowth may become predominant, and in valleys and along streams Cane Brake often replaces the forest. Habitat and Distribution: These evergreen forests occur in areas where the rainfall is 200 cm and higher, as in moister areas of the southern end of the Bago Yoma. They are, however, more typically developed where the rainfall is between 260 and 500 cm, as in Taninthayi. Wet Dipterocarp Forests cover very large areas of South Taninthayi, but are imperfectly known, Similar forests occur over large areas in the Malay Peninsula with a rainfall of about 250 cm. The typical Dipterocarp Forest occurs up to 650 m, above which conifers become important and dipterocarps diasappear. In the lowland forest, dipterocarps (especially Dipterocarpus, Vatica, Hopea, and Shorea) form half the total stock. More than 100 species are known. The Evergreen Forests of the Bago Yoma are a good example, and in the south they occur over large areas, but further north are found primarily near steam courses. B-2 WET EVERGREEN FOREST (NORTHERN TYPE) Description: These forests mainly occur north of the Tropic of Cancer and are actually in the Temperate Zone. One of the primary distinctions between Northern Evergreen Forests and the Southern type is the relative paucity or absence of dipterocarps. In general, trees of the genera Dysoxylum, Michelia, Cedrela and Chukrasia take the place of dipterocarps. Another characteristic feature is the bamboo, Dendrocalamus —hamiltonii ("wabo-myet-sangye"). Many canes and tree ferns also occur. Habitat and Distribution: Evergreen Forests reappear in northern Myanmar where the rainfall exceeds 200 cm. These forests are found on both low ground and hills in northern Myanmar, separated from similar forests in Assam only by the Mountain Oak Forests of the Patkoi Hills and other divides. B-3 MIXED CANE BRAKE (Calamus- Neohouzeaua Association) Description: Small valleys and stream courses in the Wet Evergreen Forests are frequently filled by an impenetrable thicket of canes, palms and bamboos (especially creeping bamboo). The most typical species are: Calamus spp. (canes), palms such as Calamus arborescens, Licuala peltata and Salacca wallichiana (“yin-ngan’’), as well as the creeping bamboo, Neohouzeaua helferi (“wa-thabut"). Habitat and Distribution: These Brakes are found in the wetter parts (river valleys, etc.) of areas with a rainfall of 200 cm and higher, especially over 250cm. Examples occur in most of the areas of Wet Dipterocarp Forests, such as most of the Bago Yoma Reserves. Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 25 B-4 BAMBOO BRAKE (Kurz: Bamboo Jungles) Description: Bamboo Brakes, differing widely in character and aspect, cover vast areas in Myanmar. The spread of bamboo at the expense of forest is thought to have been greatly facilitated by the hand of humans. Land which has been cleared of forest, temporarily cultivated and then deserted often become over-run with bamboo. According to Stamp, many foresters regard all areas covered by Bamboo Brake as having been originally forested, but this is an important assumption that has not be borne out by further study. Most types of forest from Evergreen Dipterocarp to the Dry Deciduous or Semi-Indaing may be replaced by bamboo "jungle," and the dominant species are often the same as the dominant bamboos in the neighboring forest. Bamboo brakes range from those that replace Evergreen Dipterocarp Forests to the very driest type characterized —_ by Dendrocalamus _ strictus (“myin”). Stamp (1924) distinguishes six important types of Bamboo Brake: Kayin-wa Brake (Melocanna baccifera), Wa-nwe Brake (Oxytenanthera albociliata), Kyathaung-wa Brake (Bambusa polymorpha), Tinwa Brake (Cephalostachyum pergracile), Wabo-myet-sangye Brake (Dendrocalamus hamiltonii), and Hmyin-wa Brake (Dendrocalamus strictus). B-5 PYINKADO OR SEMI-EVERGREEN FOREST (Xylia xylocarpa Forest) Description: Xylia xylocarpa_ ("Pyinkado”, Myanmar ironwood) flourishes under a higher rainfall than teak. In regions with a rainfall from 200 to 250 cm, "pyinkado" tends to occur to the partial or total exclusion of teak. The Pyinkado Forests are thus intermediate in character between the Wet Dipterocarp Forest and the Moist Teak Forests. "Pyinkado" is often dominant; a fairly constant associate is Lagerstroemia spp. ("pyinma"). Dipterocarpus alatus and D. turbinatus ("kanyin") occur, but in fewer numbers. Other trees include Homalium tomentosum ("myauk — chaw'"), Gmelina arborea ("yemane"), Schleichera trijuga ("gyo"), and Careya arborea ("bambwe"). The predominant bamboos are Bambusa polymorpha (“kyathaung-wa”) and less abundant Cephalostachyum pergracile (“tin-wa”’). Habitat and Distribution: Typically areas with a rainfall between 200 and 240 cm and occurring over large areas in the southern part of the Bago Yoma, as an intermediate stage between Wet Dipterocarp Forest and Moist Teak Forests. B-6 MOIST TEAK FOREST (Kurz: Moist Upper Mixed or Moist Teak Forests; Tectona-Xylia [Teak-Pyinkado] Association) Description: Teak is essentially restricted to two types of forest: the Moist and Dry Teak Forests. The constant associate of teak in the Moist Forests is Xylia xylocarpa (“pyinkado’’), which is often numerically more important, especially in Lower Myanmar. Other associated trees include: Anogeissus acuminata (“yon”), Schleichera trijuga (“gyo-ma”), Homalium tomentosum (“myauk-chaw"), Adina cordifolia (“hnaw”), Careya arborea (“bambwe’”’), Lannea coromandelica (“nabe”), Lagerstroemia spp. (“pyinma”’), Dipterocarpus alatus and OD. turbinatus ("kanyin"), Pterocarpus macrocarpus ("padauk"), Millettia pendula ("thinwin"), Erythrina fusca ("kathit"), Pterospermum semisagittatum ("nagye"), and Berrya_ cordifolia ("petwun"). In the northeastern regions, the number of associated species is much smaller. The characteristic bamboos of the Moist Teak Forest are Bambusa polymorpha (“kyathaung-wa”) and Cephalostachyum pergracile (“tin-wa”). Habitat and Distribution: In areas of rainfall of 150 to 230 cm. and in northern Taninthayi up to 250 cm. Teak does best in a well drained, loamy, deep soil, such as that provided by fine grained "Peguan" Sandstones (Bago Yoma). Moist Teak Forests are found over very large areas in the Bago Yoma, also in Western Thayetmyo, Katha, Bhamo, Mogok, and Northern Taninthayi. B-7 DRY TEAK FOREST (Dry Deciduous Forest with Teak; Kurz: Dry Upper Mixed or Dry Teak Forest; © Tectona-Terminalia [Teak-Taukkyan] Association) Description: In the case of Dry Teak Forests, many of the associates of teak are those more characteristic of Indaing or Semi-Indaing and 26 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar other drier types. In general, the Dry Teak Forests fall into the following geographical groups: 1. Northern part of Bago Yoma; 2. W. Pakokku, Chindwin and Forests of the Shwebo Hills; and 3. Northeast (Katha, Mogok). Dry Teak Forests are characterized almost everywhere by the presence of the bamboo, "myinwa" (Dendrocalamus strictus). Among the trees of the Dry Teak Forest of Groups 1 and 2 Terminalia tomentosa ("taukkyan") is often numerically most important. Tectona grandis (“teak”) and Xylia xylocarpa ("pyinkado") may occur in about equal proportion, but usually the latter is less important. Another constant associate is Pterocarpus macrocarpus ("padauk"), In the drier parts, as in the East Yoma Forests, the following are constant associates: Shorea obtusa ("thit-ya"), Shorea siamensis ("ingyin") and Acacia catechu ("cutch"). In the Dry Teak Forests of the Northeastern parts of Myanmar (Group 3) the subsoil is either limestone or gneiss over large areas. The poorer teak forests have Bambusa_ tulda ("thaik-wa") abundant, and the teak is associated with "ingyin", "thitya" and "pyinkado". Stamp states that, on the light rich loam covering the limestone, the Teak Forest should probably be classed as Moist Teak as it includes "pyinkado" and some "padauk" while the characteristic bamboo is Thyrsostachys oliveri ("thana-wa”). Other trees are Adina cordifolia ("hnaw"), Bombax insigne ("didu"), Bombax ceiba ("letpan"), Spondias mangifera ("gwe"), Terminalia tomentosa, Cassia fistula, Sterculia sp., Schleichera trijuga ("gyo-ma"), and Anogeissus acuminata ("yon"). A thorny undergrowth of Harrisonia perforata and Cratoxylon prunifolium is frequent and climbers are numerous. Habitat and Distribution: The Dry Teak Forest occurs at a rainfall of almost 100 cm and above. The lowest rainfall under which teak seems to grow is 95 cm. The upper limit is more difficult to determine as the distribution of Dry Teak Forest is largely dependent on soil type. This Forest is found in the Northern part of the Bago Yoma, Western Thayetmyo, Minbu, and Pakokku. Most of the Chindwin Forests, situated on the light sandy soils produced by the Pondaung Sandstones and other Eocene Sandstones, belong to the Dry Teak type. B-8 PYINMA FOREST (Kurz: Lower Mixed Forest) Description: This type of forest occurs under similar conditions to the Moist Teak or Pyinkado Forests, but is found on level tracts of land, often alluvium. It is characterized by the presence of Lagerstroemia spp. ("pyinma") as the dominant genus. Four species of Lagerstroemia may be noted: L. parviflora, L. tomentosa, L. floribunda, and L. macrocarpa. The soil is often waterlogged and sour. The presence of both Terminalia tomentosa ("taukkyan") and 7. pyrifolia ("lein") is considered to indicate that the soil is too poor and dry for teak. The forest is typically without bamboo, but "thaik" may occur. The following trees, in addition to those cited above, occur in the Bago Yoma_ forests: Dipterocarpus alatus ("kanyin"), Terminalia bellerica ("thitsein"), 7. chebula ("panga"), T. pyrifolia ("lein"), Mitragyna diversifolia ("binga"), Lannea coromandelica ("nabe"), Careya arborea ("bambwe"), Dillenia pentagyna ("zin-byun"), Dalbergia cultrata ("yin-daik"), D. purpurea, and Anogeissus acuminata ("yon"). Three other trees are notable, especially where the type begins to transition into Moist Teak Forest: Dalbergia kurzii ("thitpok"), Homalium tomentosum ("myauk-chaw") and Strychnos nux-vomica ("kabaung"). Habitat and Distribution: These Forests are found on the plains and alluvial flats bordering the Bago Yoma Forests and, to some extent, in Taninthayi. B-9 and B-10 SEMI-INDAING AND INDAING (Dry Dipterocarp Forests; Kurz: Eng or Laterite Forests, including Hill Eng forests; Dipterocarpus-Shorea Association) Description: Semi-Indaing occurs under moister or more favorable conditions than true Indaing, and forms a transitional stage to the Dry Teak Forest. The number of species in these forests is much smaller than in the moister forests and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ("in" or "eng") often forms almost pure stands. In Semi- Indaing (Ingyin-Thitya Forest) the most Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 27 characteristic trees are Shorea siamensis ("ingyin"), Shorea obtusa ("thit-ya"), Terminalia tomentosa ("taukkyan") and Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ("in") while in Indaing (In Forest) Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Melanorrhoea usitata ("thitsi"), Terminalia tomentosa and Shorea siamensis predominate. In the Semi-Indaing some "teak", "pyinkado", "padauk", "nabe" and "yon" may occur, while in the poorer types Terminalia oliveri ("than") and Diospyros burmanica ("te") are often common. Bamboos are frequently absent over very large areas of the Indaing. Where they occur Dendrocalamus strictus ("hmyin-wa") is typical; only occasionally are found "tinwa", cycads (Cycas siamensis), and sometimes Phoenix paludosa (in Mogok). Habitat and Distribution: The most usual soil is a very light sandy soil such as afforded by the Ayeyarwadian sands. Iron is frequently present in considerable quantity and, by capillary action and evaporation, may become concentrated in the surface layers as hardpan. The type of soil is of great importance while rainfall is less so in determining this forest type. Thus the Indaing and Semi-Indaing are found growing in certain small patches in the Dry Belt, where there is a minimum of 65 cm of rain, and on some of the dry ridges of the Bago Yoma and its foothills, where there is about 150 to 200 cm. These forests are found over all areas of very dry Tertiary Sands, especially below 100 cm of rainfall, on dry ridges, and on dry soil in wetter regions. B-11 DIOSPYROS FOREST (Te Forest) Description: Under conditions of decreasing rainfall, the Indaing and Semi-indaing transition gradually into mixed forest in which Diospyros burmanica ("te") is especially typical. Due to the increasing importance of the grassy undergrowth and the less vigorous growth of trees, this Diospyros Forest has been classified as a Savanna Forest. In its typical form, it consists of almost equal proportions of "te,” Shorea siamensis ("ingyin") and Terminalia tomentosa ("taukkyan"). In drier parts Tectona hamiltoniana ("dahat"), Dalbergia paniculata ("tapauk") and Acacia catechu (“sha”) become important. The B-13) THAN-DAHAT FOREST undergrowth is almost entirely grass and principally species of Andropogon. Habitat and Distribution: Te Forest is present where there is a rainfall of 85 to 100 cm. It is found on very light sandy soils characteristic of the Indaing. Such light soils are the Ayeyarwaddian Sands and the upper sandy belts in the "Peguan" (Bagoan) formation. This type of forest probably occurs over considerable areas of the Dry Belt where the rainfall is insufficient to support a growth of Indaing. This type of forest has been characterized as a variety of Indaing, in the Lower Chindwin Forests. Diospyros forest also occurs over considerable areas of the Mu-Chindwin Watershed from East of Monywa down to the Ayeyarwady. B-12 DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST WITHOUT TEAK (with Myinwa, but without Teak; Vitex-Heterophragma Forests) Description: Where the soil is loamy and especially on hillsides with a rainfall of about 90 cm, the Teak Forest passes into a type of mixed forest often termed Vitex-Heterophragma Forest after the two most common trees on the steep-sided ranges of hills (consisting of steeply dipping "Peguan" sandstones and Shales) in the Riverine tract around Thayetmyo. The characteristic bamboo is "hmyin-wa" (Dendrocalamus strictus). In the Thayetmyo District, among the many common species of trees are Vitex spp., Heterophragma _adenophylla___("petthan"), Markhamia stipulata ("ma-hlwa"), Bombax insigne ("didu"), Firmiana colorata, Lannea coromandelica ("nabe"), Albizia spp., Dalbergia spp. and Terminalia bialata. Habitat and Distribution: These forests grow on hill slopes with stony, poor soils and generally from 85 to 125 cm of rain, but which, on very shallow soils, may be much more. Dry Deciduous Forests are thought to be widely distributed as a lateral variation of Dry Teak Forest, under decreasing rainfall. (Tectona hamiltoniana-Terminalia oliveri Forest, or "Thandaw") Description: The two dominants in this type of forest are TJectona hamiltoniana and 28 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Terminalia oliveri. The next most common tree is Acacia catechu and the forest grades gradually into Acacia catechu-Tectona hamiltoniana Thorn Forest. Dendrocalamus strictus ("Myinwa") is common and is the only bamboo. Dalbergia paniculata and Bauhinia racemosa are frequently abundant. The undergrowth is almost entirely grass, especially a stunted growth of Andropogon ascinodis. Habitat and Distribution: This type of forest covers large areas on stiff clays (esp. "Peguan" Clays) with a rainfall of from 80 to 100 cm. According to Stamp, the forest is an excellent example of a stunted and xerophilous forest produced by a dry soil. It occurs side by side with the Indaing (on the totally different sandy soil afforded by the Ayeyarwaddian sands) and so is not the direct result of low rainfall. This type covers considerable areas, mainly those of stiff clays, on the borders of the Dry Belt. It has been described in the riverine tract of Thayetmyo. '"Than-Dahat Forest" occupies most of the Meiktila, Menyotaung, Mondaing, Myinuhle and Welaung’ Reserves. A considerable tract is also included in the Kyaw and Yawdwin areas. B-14 SHA-DAHAT THORN FOREST (Acacia-Tectona hamiltoniana Association) Description: Acacia catechu becomes very common in the Diospyros Forest and as local patches in the Than-Dahat Forest. With a lower rainfall it becomes dominant, occurring both in tree and bush forms. Tectona hamiltoniana ("dahat") occurs mainly as small bushy trees. Apart from dahat nearly all the trees in this forest are armed with spines or prickles. On the eastern side of the Dry belt Acacia leucophloea ("tanaung") is often dominant; elsewhere Acacia pennata is common. Hesperethusa_ crenulata and Harrisonia perforata occur abundantly as shrubs and small trees; Dalbergia paniculata and Bauhinia racemosa as slender trees. A feature of this forest is the abundance of woody lianas, particularly Bauhinia diphylla. Habitat and Distribution: Sha-Dahat Thorn Forest occurs on clays or loams with a lower rainfall than the Than-Dahat Forest; and on sands at a still lower rainfall, i.e., less than that required for Diospyros Forest. This Thorn Forest is common all over the Dry Belt. B-15 SHA THORN SCRUB (Acacia catechu Thorn Scrub) Description: One of the most characteristic vegetation types of the Dry Belt is a sparse scrub in which Acacia catechu (“sha”), occurring as low (1 to 2 m) bushes, is the most characteristic plant. The Acacia scrub varies considerably from place to place, both as a consequence of soil type and the amount of rainfall, becoming poorer and sparser towards the heart of the Dry Belt. In the Eastern part of the Dry Belt, Acacia leucophloea ("tanaung") largely replaces "sha" especially on level ground (around Mandalay). In the drier parts on sand Acacia catechu is accompanied by Tectona hamiltoniana (bushes often to 1 m high), Miliusa velutina, and Jatropha gossypifolia together with scattered trees of Boscia variabilis ("thamon"). In damper regions (on clay) "myinwa" may occur. Almost the only undergrowth is grass, but large patches of bare soil are usual. Also, sometimes plants with a rosette habit (e.g., Tridax procumbens) are found. Habitat and Distribution: The Acacia scrub occurs in many parts of the Dry Belt (where the rainfall is less than 100 cm). The "Peguan" loams of the Dry Belt are often gypsiferous and dry. They support only an Acacia Scrub. In the heart of the Dry Belt, the Acacia Scrub spreads onto the Ayeyarwady sands. B-16 ZIZIPHUS THORN SCRUB Description: This type of vegetation develops with great persistence in may parts of the Dry Belt on poorly drained alluvial tracts, and especially on land which has been cultivated and allowed to lie fallow for some years. Ziziphus jujuba ("zid-daw-thi") is a very prickly shrub or small tree. In the drier regions (65 cm rainfall), it forms rounded bushes about 2 m tall, separated by bare patches of ground. In slightly damper regions, it grows into a straggling tree up to 7 m tall. In some locations, as around Mandalay, Acacia leucophloea largely replaces Ziziphus. In still other regions, Ziziphus is associated with, and may be replaced by Capparis spp., and here Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 29 areas of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Ricinus communis are common. In damper regions Dendrocalamus strictus (“hmyin-wa") is often abundant, while Ziziphus oenoplia and Harrisonia perforata are constant associates throughout. In damper situations, Lagerstroemia villosa _("zaungbale") is common. In regions where the most moisture occurs, numerous climbers, belonging to the families Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae, form an almost impenetrable thicket. Habitat and Distribution: Ziziphus jujuba Thorn Scrub is found on fallows, poorly drained alluvial land or clay flats in the Dry Belt (65- 100 cm rainfall). This Thorn Scrub occurs throughout the dry Belt. B-17 EUPHORBIA SEMI-DESERT Description: The type of vegetation, which is characterized by the presence of fleshy, thorny species of Euphorbia, is essentially a semi-desert. Euphorbia antiquorum, Acacia catechu, and Jatropha gossypifolia are the most typical plants. In slightly damper regions Limonia acidissima, small Tectona hamiltoniana, Pterospermum semisagittatum, Osyris wightiana, Boscia variabilis, Ziziphus oenoplia, Carissa spinarum, and Capparis spp. are common. A few trees of Bombax insigne are sometimes also present. Habitat and Distribution: Euphorbia semi-desert is found on alkaline soils, especially where gypsum occurs in the subsoil and on bands of clay in the center of the Dry Belt, but not on the pure sandy soils of the Ayeyarwaddian. B-18 VALLEY SWAMP FOREST (Myaing; Kurz: Swamp Forests) Description: In Myanmar, Swamp Forests are of limited extent and are found around marshes where the land is subjected to inundations for three or four months of the year. Swamp Forests occur near Pyay (Prome) and Tharrawaddy (both in Bago Division). The following species are characteristic of the area (in order of importance): Butea frondosa ("pauk"), Barringtonia acutangula ("kyi"), Albizia procera ("sit"), Anogeissus sp. ("yon"), Mitragyna parvifolia ("tein"), Lagerstroemia spp. (“pyinma”), and Schleichera trijuga ("gyo-ma"). The primary bamboo is Bambusa bambos ("kyatkat-wa"). As a whole, the forest is very open and_ sparse. The most characteristic species of the very wettest places (only dry for a few weeks) are Xanthophyllum lanceatum and Dalbergia reniformis in almost pure stands with masses of Combretum and Glochidion. Habitat and Distribution: These Swamp Forests are found on alluvium, especially of the Ayeyarwady Valley. They are inundated during the rainy season. Such forests are notably located between the Hlaing and Ayeyarwady rivers where the rainfall is 115 to 200 cm. B-19 KANAZO FOREST (Heritiera Forests) Description: Stamp states that the primary tree of these formations is Heritiera fomes ("pinle-kanazo") to be distinguished from a non-tidal tree (Baccaurea sapida), which is also called "kanazo." This type of forest requires good soil and for most of the year complete absence of water from the surface of the land for a few hours between tides. It does not require salt water, but can tolerate it. Kanazo Forest, while essentially a tidal forest, occurs at slightly higher land than the typical Mangrove or Rhizophora forest, and flourishes where the water has less salt. Two main varieties of this forest are recognized: B-19a Where water is comparatively fresh growth is more vigorous. Associated species are Amoora cucullata ("myauk-le-seik"), Dysoxylum sp., Intsia bijuga ("saga-lun"), Barringtonia acutangula ("kyi"), Combretum sp. ("sauk"), and Acanthus ilicifolius ("kha- yar"). B-19b Where water is_ brackish the "kanazo" reaches only a medium girth, but the stand is thicker. Associated species include the true mangroves. Plants of note are Acrostichum aureum _ ("hngetgyi-daung"), = Excoecaria agallocha ("kayaw"), Sonneratia — griffithii ("laba"), and Cerbera manghas ("salut"). A third important and widespread variety of Kanazo Forest is comprised of large scattered trees of Sonneratia apetala ("kambala"). Habitat and Distribution: Kanazo Forest can be killed by submergence throughout the whole or 30 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar part of a rainy season and cannot exist above the level of the spring tides of the early part of the year. Hence it is limited between the two extremes. The water may be practically fresh or brackish. The Forest is spread over several hundreds of square’ kilometers in_ the Ayeyarwady Delta, and also over large areas in Mergui and South Rakhine. B-20 MIXED DELTA SCRUB ("Byaik" or "Kon-Byaik") Description: Above the upper limit for Kanazo forests on clay soils, tree growth is scattered and poor. The principal trees are species of Lauraceae, Elaeocarpus hygrophilus, Calophyllum sp. ("tharapi"), Litsea nitida ("nasha"), Eugenia sp. ("thabye"), Lagerstroemia speciosa ("pyinma"), Mangifera caloneura, Diospyros sp. ("te"), and Amoora cucullata. The undergrowth is thick and difficult to penetrate, and consists largely of canes: Calamus erectus ("thaing-kyein"); Phragmites sp. ("kyu"), Pinanga sp. ("taw- kun"), Schumannianthus dichotomus ("thin"), Flagellaria indica ("myauk-kyein"), Calamus arborescens ("danon"), and Talipariti tiliaceum ("thinban"), Habitat and Distribution: Kanazo Forest over large areas Ayeyarwady Delta and__ probably considerable tracts in Mergui. Associated with in the over B-21 TRUE MANGROVE FOREST (Rhizophora Forest) Description: True mangroves occur at a lower level than the Kanazo. In the Ayeyarwady Delta, these forests are not extensive. They occur as strips along the sea and on tidal banks, often effectively obscuring the far more extensive areas of Kanazo Forests behind. The same is true of large areas in the Mergui Archipelago, although in some cases the Rhizophora Swamps cover the greater part of wide mud flats. The principal species are Rhizophora mucronata, R. candelaria, and Sonneratia griffithii ("laba"). Other species occurring on the wide creek banks are Bruguiera parviflora and = Xylocarpus gangeticus with some stretches of Sonneratia alba and Nypa fruticans (the “dani” palm) common. Habitat and Distribution: True Mangrove forests are found below the level of the Kanazo Forests, on muddy shores submerged by every tide (salt water). These forests form narrow fringes in the seaward half of the Ayeyarwady Delta and low islands of Rakhine. They also form fringes and cover larger areas in the low islands of Mergui. Nearly all of the Mangrove Swamps are around disintegrated "Mergui Series" rocks (phyllites). B-22 BEACH OR DUNE FOREST Description: In Taninthayi there are numerous bays, which have a sandbar that cuts off the Mangrove areas from the sea, resulting in the formation of a swamp that gradually silts up. The sandy strip may be several hundred yards in width and is covered with creeping herbs, among which Jpomoea_ pes-caprae is conspicuous together with sea grasses. Out of reach of the highest tides is a narrow strip of Casuarina equisetifolia. Habitat and Distribution: Beach or Dune Forests are found on the Casuarina coasts of Rakhine and Taninthayi, and the sea-face of the Ayeyarwady Delta. B-23 SALT MARSH VEGETATION Description: Fleshy plants are the most characteristic of this vegetation, which is found on the borders of the lower Yangon River. B-24 FRESHWATER SWAMP VEGETATION Description: Very little has been reported on Freshwater vegetation, although Stamp notes that a distinction should be made between permanent swamps and those which are dry in the hot weather. B-25 LAKE VEGETATION Description: The great abundance of Oftelia alismoides is often remarkable and species of Nymphaea (waterlilies) are =common. Eichhornia crassipes ("beda-pin" or “water hyacinth”) has spread over Upper as well as Lower Myanmar and is a serious pest in the delta creeks, impeding navigation. Vallisneria and Lemna are common in all lakes. Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 31 C-3 RIVERSIDE AND VILLAGE PARKLAND Description: In many parts of Myanmar a parkland appearance has been produced by clearing away the undergrowth, shrubs and SERAL COMMUNITIES C-1 KAING GRASSLAND (on Sandbanks) Description: The Ayeyarwady River sandbanks are covered with "kaing" or Elephant Grass (a general name including such species as Saccharum spontaneum). As soon as the sand is more or less stabilized by these grasses, various herbs appear. Then, when the sandbank is, for various reasons, not subject to annual flooding, trees appear and give a savanna-like appearance to the landscape. C-2 COMBRETUM HEDGEROW COMMUNITY Description: In the Dry Belt and on its borders Combretum apetalum consistently appears in hedgerows. In drier regions, it is associated with Capparis spp., Ricinus communis, the cactus Opuntia, and other succulent plants. The palm Phoenix acaulis is often found in these formations. small trees and leaving only a few standards. Forest exploitation has produced similar savannas over large areas. Around villages many trees are planted for shade and other purposes, and, according to Stamp, present such a characteristic appearance as to be confused with natural vegetation. C-4 PONZOS Description: This name is given to land which, after having been under temporary cultivation ("taung-ya" cultivation), is allowed to return to natural vegetation. It slowly returns to forest, or possibly would do so, but in many cases tall grasses or bamboo proliferate, preventing tree growth. In ordinary Ponzos (in Monsoon Forest) Blumea and woody species of Solanum may be first established, but is quickly replaced by thickets of Grewia, Buddleja asiatica, Ficus, and Trema. Compiled and adapted by Shirley L. Maina United States National Herbarium Botany, National Museum of Natural History 32 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE VEGETATION TYPES AND SELECTED PLANT SPECIES OF MYANMAR (all photographs by W. J. Kress) States and Divisions of Myanmar INDIA Kachin CHINA State LAOS BAY OF BENGAL Aye ‘ ANDAMAN SEA PROTECTED AREA SYSTEM OF MYANMAR PROTECTED AREAS Khakarborazi NP Tamanthi WS Pidaung WS Chatthin WS Minwun-Taung WS Shwe-U-Daung WS Alangdaw Kathapa NP Pyin-Oo-Lwin WS 9 Mingon Taung WS 10 Lawkanandar WS 11 Natmataung NP 12 Wethtikan WS 13 Shwesettaw WS 14 Popa NP 15 Panlaung & Padalingu WS 16 Taunggyi WS 17 Inle Lake WS 18 Loimowe WS 19 Parsar WS 20 Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range 21 Thamihla Kyun WS 22 Mainmahla Kyun WS 23 Hlawga WP 24 Moyingyi WS 25 Kelatha WS 26 Kyaikhtiyo WS 27 Kahilu WS 28 Mulayit WS 29 Moscos Islands WS 30 Lampi Marine Park 31 Indawgyi WS 32 Kkyauk Pan Taung WS 33 Hponkan Rzai WS 34 Hukaung Valley WS conn PWN NP = National Park WP = Wildlife Park WS = Wildlife Sanctuary INDIA OF BENGAL ANDAMAN SEA DISTRIBUTION OF VEGETATION TYPES IN MYANMAR Tidal Forest Beach and Dune Forest Swamp Forest Evergreen Forests Tropical Wet Evergreen Tropical Semi Evergreen Mixed Deciduous Forests Moist Upper Mixed \/ 0e@e C8: ®@ Lower Mixed -- => 34% Dry Upper Mixed 5% Dry Forests 10% Than-dahat Thorn Deciduous Dipterocarp or Indaing Forest ----- ©) 5% Hill and Temperate Evergreen Forests ------------------- 26% Sub Tropical Wet Hill © Sub Tropical Mixed Hill and Savannah =§@ Alpine oO ision. gaing Div , Sa ao 2 s°] iS io) & S YY fas] wv, = = is) =| ——- 12) S fas) ea) @ cs) oom Gyi Dry Teak Forest in Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park Lo 2 NON Ne Ee Ct) od wen ote mt agin ) (1) Wet Evergreen Forest at In Daw 9 a ( (3) Indaing Forest in Alaungdaw Kathapa National Park, Sagaing Division. (4) Dry Deciduous Forest in Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary, Magway Division. + eel 3 gaing Division. Sa aw Kathapa National Park, (6) Sha Thorn Scrub (with dry creek bed) south of Mandalay, Mandalay Division. amboo Brake in Alaungd (5)B ceae) Poa ( vo ise} v 1S} is) S is] wT =} is] A, — ie] ~ = ~ 8 — = S) * — — 8 = = a) ~ ~ 5 ~) S J 8 Qa oo oO is] oO 1S) Sc] ne] iss] \S) y 1 (C flabellifer (Arecaceae) 10. Bambusa tulda siamensis FASSUS 9. Bo 7. Cycas aff. 11. Musa laterita (Musaceae) 12. Kaempferia rotunda (Zingiberaceae) 13. Acacia nilotica (Mimosaceae) 14. Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) i _ 15. Bombax ceiba (Bombacaceae) 16. Butea monosperma (Fabaceae) 17. Amherstia nobilis (Caesalpiniaceae) 18. Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) ) ee sae os “pag! Tue Fat Se (iad 19. Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Fabaceae) 20. Duabanga grandiflora (Lythraceae) vo 3 vo 9 oS c vo 2 s > — = ~~ z S Ista) S ~ a“ = 3 i “i N ~ vo is] vu oO 2. as} oO eo) he vy ——s 2 Q — % £ 3 — = 2 Y S = ~ = 8 .) © Y ~ & N 23. Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae) 24. Sesamum indicum (Pedaliacea) 25. Santalum album (Santalaceae) 26. Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 33 THE CHECKLIST GYMNOSPERMS Araucariaceae Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Monkey puzzle, Padetha-tinyu Araucaria columnaris (Forst.) Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cook's pine Araucaria cunninghamii Sw. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hoop pine Araucaria excelsa R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Norfolk Island pine Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Cephalotaxaceae Cephalotaxus fortunei Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Cephalotaxus griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyauk-tinya, Tinyu Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cupressaceae Callitris endlicheri (Parl.) F.M. Bailey Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Callitris glauca R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Chamaecyparis pisifera (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Cupressus arizonica Greene Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arizona Cypress, Kyaukpan Cupressus funebris Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Funeral cypress, Thingyaing- kyaukpan, Weeping cypress Cupressus goveniana Gordon Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): California cypress Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Cupressus sempervirens L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyauk-pan, Mediterranean cypress Cupressus torulosa D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Himalayan cypress, Kyauk-pan Juniperus chinensis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese juniper Juniperus communis L, Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juniperus coxii A.B. Jacks. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Juniper Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gymnosperms: Araucariaceae - Cupressaceae 34 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Libocedrus macrolepis (Kurz) Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tinyu-hmwe Thuja occidentalis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arbor vitae, Kyauk-pan-pin Thuja orientalis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese arbor vitae, Kyauk- pan-pin Cycadaceae Cycas circinalis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ceylon sago, Chin-mondaing, Fern palm Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Cycad, Mondaing madai Cycas revoluta Thunb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cycad, Japan-mondaing, Sago palm Cycas rumphii Mig. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Cycad, Mondaing Cycas siamensis Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mondaing, Pakut-kon Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo biloba L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kaba-oo-bin, Maidenhair tree Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon L. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hyinbyin Tanyin-ywe, Shangpan Gnetum latifolium Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Gnetum macrostachyum Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthay1 Gnetum montanum Markgraf Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyut-nwe, Hkit-langru Gnetum neglectum Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Gnetum oblongum Markgraf Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gnetum scandens Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Gyut-nwe Pinaceae Abies delavayi Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Abies densa Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kyauk-htinyu, Silver fir Abies fargesii Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Abies unwinti W.E. Evans Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Abies yunnanensis Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Larix griffithiana Carriere Habit: Tree Gymnosperms: Cycadaceae - Pinaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 35 Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Larch Larix potanini Batalin Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Picea brachytyla (Franch.) Pritz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Spruce Picea farreri C.N. Page & K.D. Rushforth Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Picea spinulosa Beissn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Pinus armandi Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Pinus caribaea Moore Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cuban pine Pinus insularis Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Htinyu, Tinyu Pinus khasya Royle ex Parl. Cited as: Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon, nom. subnud. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Karau, Khasi pine, Pyek, Shang-shing, Shia, Tinshu, Tinyu Pinus merkusii Jungh. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayah, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pyek, Shja, Tenasserim pine, Tinyu-tinshu Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chir pine Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Blue Pine Tsuga brunoniana Carriere Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Hemlock Tsuga yunnanensis Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Podocarpaceae Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Red pine, Taw-kyet-gale-pan Podocarpus chinensis (Roxb.) Wall. ex J. Forbes Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podocarpus cupressina R. Br. ex Mirb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podocarpus epiphyticus D.J. de Laubenfels & J. Silba Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podocarpus javanicus Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitmin, Thitmin-po Podocarpus wallichianus Pres} Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitmin-ma Taxaceae Taxus baccata L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Shan Common Name(s): Kyauk-tinyu, Yew Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kyauk-tinyu, Yew Taxodiaceae Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Gymnosperms: Podocarpaceae - Taxodiaceae 36 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Japanese cedar Distribution: Cultivated Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Common Name(s): Swamp cypress Habit: Tree Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Distribution: Kachin Habit: Tree Common Name(s): Chinese Coffin Tree, Shangbe, Distribution: Cultivated Tayok-khaung-bin Common Name(s): Mexico-kyauk-pan Taxodium distchum (L.) Rich. Habit: Tree Gymnosperms: Taxodiaceae - Taxodiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 37 MONOCOTYLEDONS Acoraceae Acorus calamus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lin-lay, Lin-ne, Sweet flag Acorus gramineus Soland. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agavaceae Agave americana L, Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Century plant, Nanat-gyi Agave sisalana Perr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Na-nat-shaw, Sisal Agave vera-cruz Mill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue aloe, Thin-baw-na-nat Agave vivipara L. Cited as: Agave angustifolia Haw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dwarf sisal, Na-nat-shaw-pu Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kone-linne, Kun-linne, Zaw- ma Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Green aloe, Thinbaw-nanat-gyi Furcraea gigantea Vent. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Furcraea tuberosa Ait. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Polianthes tuberosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnin-pan, St. Joseph's lily, Tuberose Yucca aloifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thagya-hlan-thwa Yucca filamentosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Yucca gloriosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Adam's needle, Nanat-hmwe- sok Alismataceae Alisma orientale (Samuelsson) Juzepczuk Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alisma plantago L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Water-plantain, Ye-hnget-pyaw Limnophyton obtusifolium Miq. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay Sagittaria guayanensis Humb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Arrowhead, Be-chi Sagittaria sagittifolia L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Common arrowhead, Ok-kha Alliaceae Agapanthus orientalis Leighton Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African lily Agapanthus umbellatus L'Her. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue African lily, Mya-gamon Allium acidoides Stearn Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Allium ampeloprasum L. Monocotyledons: Acoraceae - Alliaceae 38 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Htan-kyetthun, Leek, Thinbaw- kyetthun-meik Allium ascalonicum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyetthun-ni-gale, Onion Allium cepa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyetthun-ni, Onion Allium hookeri Thwaites Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Allium sativum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garlic, Kyetthun-byu Allium tuberosum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gyu-myit, Indian leek Allium wallichii Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aloaceae Aloe littoralis Koen. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Shazaung-let-pat-thein Aloe vera L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shazaung-let-pat Amaryllidaceae Amaryllis belladonna L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Belladonna lily, Lay-kyun- khatta Crinum amoenum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Khatta Crinum asiaticum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Koyan-gyi, Poison bulb Crinum defixum Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Koyan-nge Crinum ensifolium Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago Common Name(s): Ko-yan-gyi Crinum erythrophyllum Carey ex Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crinum giganteum Andrews Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Crinum latifolium L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gamon-kwin-htoe, Knotted lily, Poison bulb Crinum lorifolium Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crinum pratense Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Padaing Crinum stenophyllum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Crinum wattii Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Amazon lily, Gamon-la-win Eurycles amboinensis Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Brisbane lily, Khatta-pan, Lamin, La-wun-gamon, Nay-min Haemanthus coccineus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blood lily Haemanthus multiflorus Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ball lily, Baw-lon-gamon, Powderpuff lily Monocotyledons: Aloaceae - Amaryllidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 39 Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze Cited as: Amaryllis punicea Urb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Barbados lily Hippeastrum reticulatum Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lay-kyun-kya-gaing Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salisb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pingu-hnin-pan, Spider lily Hymenocallis speciosa Salisb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ko-yan-gyi Lycoris argentea Worsley Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lycoris aurea (L'Her.) Herbert Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Narcissus jonquilla L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Jonquil Zephyranthes carinata Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hnin-pan, Rose amaryllis Zephyranthes citrina Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zephyranthes puertoricensis Traub Cited as: Zephyranthes tubispatha Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hnin-pan-phyu Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnin-pan-ni Zephyranthes texana Herb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnin-pan-wa Anthericaceae Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Chlorophytum capense (L.) Voss Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pingu-gamon, Spider plant Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ribbon plant Chlorophytum nepalense (Lindley) Baker Cited as: Chlorophytum khasianum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Chlorophytum orchidastrum Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton undulatus Roxb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Araceae Aglaonema commutatum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese evergreen, Si-pwa- gamon Aglaonema costatum N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mya-gamon, Sipwatoe-gamon Aglaonema crispum (Pitcher & Manda) Nicolson Cited as: Aglaonema roebelinii Pitcher & Manda Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Baw-ga-gyi Aglaonema hookerianum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Aglaonema marantifolium Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aglaonema nitidum (Jack) Kunth Cited as: Aglaonema oblongifolium Schott Monocotyledons: Anthericaceae - Araceae 40 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyauk-sein-gamon Aglaonema pictum (Roxb.) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hawnan-gamon Aglaonema pumilum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Si-pwa-gamon-galay Aglaonema simplex Blume Cited as: Aglaonema birmanicum Hook. f., Aglaonema schottianum Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese evergreen, Si-pwa- gamon Alocasia acuminata Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hpa-gamon Alocasia decipiens Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Alocasia gageana Engl. & K. Krause Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pein-pan Alocasia indica (Roxb.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Giant taro, Mahuya-pein Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Giant taro, Mahuya-pein, Pein- gyi Alocasia odora (Lodd.) Spach Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pein-hmwe Alocasia rapiformis (Roxb.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Alocasia sanderiana Bull Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): In-gamon Alocasia zebrina C. Koch & Veitch Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Amorphophallus angustispathus Hett. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amorphophallus bulbifer (Schott) Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amorphophallus chlorospathus Kurz ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady Amorphophallus gliruroides Engl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amorphophallus kachinensis Eng]. & Gehrm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Amorphophallus krausei Eng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Amorphophallus muelleri Blume Cited as: Amorphophallus burmanicus Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Cited as: Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Wa-u-bin, Wa-u-pin Amorphophallus purpurascens Kurz ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Pein-pan Amorphophallus variabilis Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anadendrum microstachyum (DeVriese & Miq.) Backer & Alderw. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Anthurium andraeanum Andre Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Monocotyledons: Araceae - Araceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 4] Anthurium crystallinum Linden & Andre Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chan-tha-gyi-gamon Ariopsis peltata Nimmo Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Arisaema album N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Sagaing, Shan Arisaema concinnum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Arisaema consanguineum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Cobra lily, Wa-kya Arisaema erubescens Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arisaema galeatum N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Arisaema griffithii Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Arisaema monbeigii Gamble ex Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arisaema nepenthoides (Wall.) Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Arisaema prazeri Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Arisaema pulchrum N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Arisaema wallichianum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arisaema wattii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Arum maculatum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cuckoo pint, Portland arrowroot Arum orientale M. Bieb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden arum Caladium bicolor (L.) Vent. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pein-kya Cercestis mirabilis (N.E. Br.) J. Bogner Cited as: Rhektophyllum mirabile N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Chamaecladon truncatum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Colocasia affinis Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Pein Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Cited as: Caladium esculentum Vent. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cocoyam, Dasheen, Eddo, Mahuya-pein, Pein, Pein-u, Taro Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cryptocoryne albida R. Parker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cryptocoryne burmensis Rataj Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cryptocoryne ciliata (Roxb.) Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Leik-sa, Nga-dan-sa Cryptocoryne cruddasiana Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Roxb.) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dieffenbachia daguensis Engl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Maidaw-gyi-gamon Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott Cited as: Dieffenbachia picta Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Monocotyledons: Araceae - Araceae 42 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Byauk-gyi-gamon, Dumb cane Philodendron wendlandii Schott Dracontium gigas (Seem.) Engl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Giant aroid, Mahawya-gamon Dracontium polyphyllum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Cited as: Epipremnum mirabile Schott, Pothos aureus L., Rhaphidophora aurea (Lind. & Andre) Birdsey Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Gonatanthus pumilus (D. Don) Engl. & Krause Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Hapaline benthamiana Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Pein-gamon Hapaline ellipticifolia C.Y. Wu & H. Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Helicodiceras muscivorus (L. f.) Engl. Cited as: Helicodiceras crinitus Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gamon-gwin-doe Homalomena rubescens (Roxb.) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Oo-mon-kya, Sit-ton-ni Homalomena truncata (Schott) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites Cited as: Lasia aculeata Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Zayit Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ceriman Philodendron lacerum (Jacq.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Philodendron myrmecophilum Engl. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Habit: Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Pistia stratiotes L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmaw, Water lettuce, Ye-salat Pothos cathcartii Schott Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Pothos microphyllus Pres} Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Pothos scandens L. Cited as: Pothos angustifolius Pres] Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Remusatia hookeriana Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Remusatia vivipara Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Rhaphidophora decursiva (Roxb.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhaphidophora glauca Schott Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhaphidophora peepla (Roxb.) Schott Cited as: Rhaphidophora calophyllum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin Schismatoglottis kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Scindapsus officinalis (Roxb.) Schott Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Nga-ya-gyi, Sin-peik-chin, Taro vine Scindapsus pictus Hassk. Cited as: Rhaphidophora pictus nom. nud. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Spathiphyllum candicans Poepp. & Endl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spathiphyllum commutatum (Sims) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Monocotyledons: Araceae - Araceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 43 Spathiphyllum phryniifolium Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Steudnera assamica Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Steudnera capitellata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Steudnera colocasiifolia C. Koch Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Steudnera griffithii (Schott) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Mai-daw-gyi gamon Syngonium podophyllum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sitton-sein Typhonium diversifolium Wall. ex Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume Cited as: Typhonium cuspidatum Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typhonium horsfieldii (Miq.) van Steenis Cited as: Typhonium pedatum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Typhonium inopinatum Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typhonium listeri Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typhonium pedatisectum Gage Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Typhonium pottingeri Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Typhonium venosum (Aiton) Hett. & P.C.Boyce Cited as: Sauromatum venosum (Aiton) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Xanthosoma lindenii S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gamon-gya Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng. Cited as: Schismatoglottis aethiopica C. Koch Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Calla lily Arecaceae Acrocomia aculeata Lodd. ex Mart. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Areca catechu L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Areca palm, Betelnut palm, Kunthi-pin Areca triandra Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kun-thi Arenga hookeriana (Becc.) Whitmore Cited as: Didymosperma hookeriana Becc. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Arenga nana (Griff.) H.E. Moore Cited as: Didymosperma nanum H. Wendl. & Drude Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Yone Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sugar palm, Taung-on, Taw-on Arenga saccharifera Labill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-ohn, Taw-ohn Borassus flabellifer L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Htan, Palmyra palm, Toddy palm Calamus aggregatus Burret Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein Calamus andamanicus Kurz Monocotyledons: Arecaceae - Arecaceae 44 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Calamus arborescens Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Danon, Zanon Calamus concinnus Mart. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Calamus doriaei Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-kyein Calamus erectus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thaing-kyein Calamus feanus Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Calamus floribundus Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Ye-kyein Calamus gregisectus Burret Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Calamus guruba Buch.-Ham. ex Kunth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin Common Name(s): Kyein-ni Calamus helferianus Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein-dan, Kyein-phyu, Kyein- phyu-gale Calamus hypoleucus Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Calamus latifolius Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ya-ma-htar-kyein, Yamata- kyein Calamus leucotes Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin Calamus longisetus Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kha-baung-kyein, Let-me- kyein, Thar-baung Calamus melanacanthus Mart. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Calamus myrianthus Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein-bok Calamus nitidus Mart. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mya-sein-kyein Calamus palustris Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ya-ma-htar-kyein Calamus platyspathus Mart. ex Kunth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-u-kyein Calamus polydesmus Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Calamus polygamus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Calamus pseudorivalis Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein-byu Calamus tenuis Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bareilly-kyein, Ta-ye-li-kyein Calamus viminalis Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein-kha Caryota maxima Blume ex Mart. Cited as: Caryota obtusa Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kyauk-minbaw Caryota mitis Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Fishtail palm, Minbaw, Tamibaw, Wine palm Monocotyledons: Arecaceae - Arecaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 45 Caryota urens L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Fishtail palm, Minbaw, Sago palm, Taminbaw, Toddy palm Cocos nucifera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Coconut palm, Ohn Corypha griffithiana Becc. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Corypha macropoda Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Corypha martiana Becc. ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Corypha umbraculifera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pe-bin, Talipot palm, Umbrella palm Corypha utan Lam. Cited as: Corypha gebanga Blume, Corypha jutan Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Gebanga palm, Pe-bin Daemonorops jenkinsiana Mart. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Daemonorops kurziana Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.) Beentje & Dransfield Cited as: Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (Bory) H. Wendl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cane palm, Kyein-htan Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African oil palm, Si-htan, Si- ohn Korthalsia flagellaris Miq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Korthalsia laciniosa (Griff.) Mart. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sakan-kyein, Wapo-kyein Korthalsia rigida Blume Cited as: Korthalsia polystachya Mart. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Latania lontaroides (J. Gaertner) H.E. Moore Cited as: Latania commersonii Gmel. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Htan-ni, Red latan palm Licuala grandis H. Wendl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaw-salu Licuala longipes Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Salu Licuala merguensis Becc. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Licuala peltata Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Salu, Taung-kaw Licuala spinosa Wurmb Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Salu-supauk Livistona chinensis R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tayok-htan Livistona jenkinsiana Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Taung-htan Livistona rotundifolia (Lam.) Mart. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taung-htan Livistona speciosa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taung-htan, Taw-htan Lodoicea maldivica (Gmel.) Pers. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Double coconut, On-hnitlon- poo, Sea coconut Monocotyledons: Arecaceae - Arecaceae 46 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Metroxylon sagu Rottb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sago palm, Tha-gu-bin Myrialepis paradoxa (Kurz) J. Dransf. Cited as: Plectocomiopsis paradoxus Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Dani, Nipa palm, Toddy palm Oncosperma fasciculatum Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Spiny palm Oncosperma tigillarium (Jack) Ridl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Java palm, Kazaung Phoenix dactylifera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Date palm, Sunbalun, Sunpalun Phoenix loureiri Kunth Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaung Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sunpalun, Taw-sunpalun, Wild date palm Pinanga gracilis Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taw-kun Pinanga hexasticha Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Pinanga hymenospatha Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pinanga riparia Ridl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Pinanga rivularis Becc. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Plectocomia assamica Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Plectocomia macrostachya Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyein-phan Plectocomiopsis geminiflora (Griff.) Becc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry Cited as: Rhapis flabelliformis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lady palm Roystonea regia (H.B.K.) Cook Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cuba-ohn, Royal palm Sabal blackburnianum Glazebrook ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Sabal palmetto (Walt.) Lodd. ex J.A. & J.H. Schultes Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cabbage tee, Palmetto palm, Thatch palm Salacca secunda Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Yangon Common Name(s): Yin-ngan Salacca wallichiana Mart. Cited as: Zalacca beccarii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Yin-ngan Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss ex Vilmorin Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Yingaw, Yin-ngan, Zalacca cane . Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman Cited as: Arecastrum romanzoffianum (Cham.) Becc., Cocos plumosa Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Feathery coconut palm, Ohn, Monocotyledons: Arecaceae - Arecaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 47 Queen pa!m, Thinbaw-ohn, Thinbaw-on Trachycarpus fortunei Wendl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese windmill palm Trachycarpus khasianus (Griff.) H. Wendl. Cited as: Chamaerops khasyana Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Trachycarpus martianus (Wall.) Wendl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Wallichia caryotoides Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Saingpo, Zanaung Wallichia disticha T. Anderson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Yangon Common Name(s): Fan-shaped feathery palm, Letme, Min-baw, Taw-ohn, Zanaung Wallichia yomae Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Asparagaceae Asparagus acerosus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Shint-ma-tet, Tein-pan Asparagus filicinus Buch.-Ham. ex D, Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ka-nyut Asparagus lycopodineus (Baker) F.T. Wang & Ts. Tang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kanyut Asparagus officinalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common asparagus, Kannyut Asparagus plumosus Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Fern asparagus, Kanyut-gale Asparagus racemosus Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Climbing asparagus, Kanyut, Shin-matet Asphodelaceae Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taw-kyetthun, Wild onion Bromeliaceae Aechmea fulgens Brongn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nanat, Pineapple Billbergia nutans H. Wendl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nanat-gamon Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nanat-gamon Burmanniaceae Burmannia candida Griff. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Tabindaing Burmannia disticha L. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Burmannia pusilla Thwaites Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Taninthayi Burmannia wallichii (Miers) Hook. f. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Taninthayi Thismia brunoniana Griff. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Asparagaceae - Burmanniaceae 48 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cannaceae Canna flaccida Salisbury Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Canna Canna indica L. Cited as: Canna edulis Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Adalut, Ar-do, Budatharana, Canna, Indian shot, Queensland arrowroot Canna x generalis L.H. Bailey Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common garden canna Colchicaceae Colchicum autumnale L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Autumn crocus, Gongamam, Meadow saffron Gloriosa rothschildiana O'Brien Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaw-simidauk Gloriosa superba L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Glory lily, Simidauk Iphigenia indica Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Commelinaceae Amischotolype glabrata Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Amischotolype hookeri (Hassk.) Hara Cited as: Forrestia hookeri Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Amischotolype mollissima (Blume) Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Commelina benghalensis L. Cited as: Commelina cucullata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myit-cho, Spiderwort, Water grass, Wetkyok Commelina communis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Wetkyok Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Wetkyok Commelina paludosa Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Wet-gyut Commelina petersii Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Wet-gyut Commelina salicifolia Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Commelina thwaitesii Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cyanotis axillaris (L.) Sweet Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myitcho Cyanotis barbata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyanotis cucullata (Roth) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyanotis thwaitesii Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Schult. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Dictyospermum ovatum Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi Floscopa scandens Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Murdannia crocea (Griff.) Faden Monocotyledons: Cannaceae - Commelinaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 49 Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Wet-kyut Murdannia divergens (C.B. Clarke) G. Bruckn. Cited as: Aneilema divergens C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myit-cho Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G. Bruckn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Murdannia japonica (Thunb.) Faden Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Murdannia spirata (L.) G. Bruckn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Rhopalephora scaberrima (Blume) Faden Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Streptolirion volubile Edgew. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Tradescantia spathacea (Sw.) Stearn Cited as: Rhoeo discolor Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mi-gwin-gamon, Oyster plant Tradescantia virginiana L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Spiderwort, Tein-taung-nyo- pya Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Cited as: Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Wandering Jew Tricarpelema giganteum (Hassk.) Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Convallariaceae Aspidistra elatior Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Clintonia alpinia Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Convallaria majalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lily of the valley Disporopsis fuscopicta Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Disporum acuminatum C.H. Wright Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway Disporum calcaratum Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Disporum latipetalum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Disporum pullum Salisb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Gonioscypha eucomioides Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Maianthemum atropurpureum (Franch.) La Frankie Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Maianthemum fuscum (Wall.) LaFrankie Cited as: Smilacina fusca Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Maianthemum henryi (Baker) LaFrankie Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Convallariaceae - Convallariaceae 50 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Maianthemum oleraceum (Baker) LaFrankie Cited as: Smilacina oleracea (Baker) Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Maianthemum tatsienense (Franch.) LaFrankie Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiopogon grandis W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Ophiopogon intermedius Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Ophiopogon malcolmsonii Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Yangon Ophiopogon wallichianus Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan, Taninthayi Peliosanthes humilis Andrews Cited as: Peliosanthes bakeri Hook. f., Peliosanthes longibracteata Merr., Peliosanthes macrophylla Wall., Peliosanthes teta Andrews Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Gamon-pyan, Taw-nagazat Polygonatum biflorum El. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Polygonatum punctatum Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Polygonatum tessellatum Wang & Tang Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Smilacina mientienensis Wang & Tang Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Smilacina racemosa Desf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Streptopus amplexifolius DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Streptopus simplex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Theropogon pallidus (Wall.) Max. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Tupistra stoliczana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Costaceae Costus lacerus Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Costus speciosus Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Indian spiral ginger, Phalan- taung-hmwe Cymodoceaceae Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymodocea serrulata Asch. & Magnus Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperaceae Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral Cited as: Fimbristylis monostachya Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyauk-mon-hnyin Bulbostylis puberula (Poir.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Carex alopecuroides D, Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Carex alta Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Costaceae - Cyperaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 51 Carex anomocarya Nelmes Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex atrata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex baccans Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Carex breviculmis R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex brunnea Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Carex callista Nelmes Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex capillacea Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Chan-yinku Carex cruciata Wahl. Cited as: Carex condensata Nees, Carex continua C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-thon-daunt Carex filicina Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex finitima Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex fluviatilis Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Carex fragilis Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex helferi Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Carex indica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Carex insignis Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex jackiana Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chan-yinku Carex meeboldiana Kukenthal Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex morrowii Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ribbon-grass Carex myosurus Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Carex nemostachys Steud. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex nubigena D, Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Myet-monnyin Carex oedorrhampha Nelmes Cited as: Carex tumida Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex pandanophylla C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myet-monnyin Carex paraelonga C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex perakensis C.B. Clarke Cited as: Carex arridens C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Carex phacota Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex polycephala Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex pruinosa Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex psilochloa Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex pterocaulos Nelmes Habit: Herb Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae - Cyperaceae 52 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carex setigera D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex shanensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Carex stramentitia Boott ex Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-thindon Carex streptorrhampha Nelmes Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carex tavoyensis Nelmes Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Carex thomsoni Boott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Cyperus amabilis Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Hti-myet, Nwa-mye-yin Cyperus arenarius Retz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cyperus bulbosus Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus clarkei T. Cooke Cited as: Mariscus bulbosus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Myet Cyperus compactus Retz. Cited as: Cyperus microcephalus Naves, Mariscus microcephalus Pres| Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet Cyperus compressus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wetlar-myet, Wetta-myet Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thabaw-myet, Tha-bawt-myet Cyperus cuspidatus H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze Cited as: Cyperus sieberianus K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus difformis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus diffusus Vahl Cited as: Cyperus moestus Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Wet-kyein, Wet-kyein-myet Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus distans L. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cyperus dubius Rottb. Cited as: Mariscus dregeanus Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus elegans L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cyperus eleusinoides Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyperus esculentus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus exaltatus Retz. Cited as: Cyperus umbellatus Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyperus flavicomis Michx. Cited as: Cyperus albomarginatus (Mart. & Schrad. ex Nees) Steud., Cyperus flavicomus Torr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus flavidus Retz. Cited as: Cyperus globosus All. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Cyperus glaber L. Cited as: Cyperus aristatus Rottb., Cyperus squarrosus Afzel. ex Kunth Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae - Cyperaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 53 Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus haematodes Endl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus haspan L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wet-kyein, Wet-lar-myet Cyperus helferi Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Cyperus hyalinus Vahl Cited as: Cyperus nitens Vahl, Cyperus pumilus Nees, Pycreus nitens Nees, Pycreus pumilus (L.) Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus imbricatus Retz. Cited as: Cyperus alternifolius auct., non L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hti-nyet, Umbrella plant Cyperus inundatus Roxb. Cited as: Juncellus inundatus (Roxb.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus iria L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Cyperus latespicatus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyperus leucocephalus Retz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Cyperus macer C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi Cyperus malaccensis Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Cyperus michelianus (L.) Del. Cited as: Scirpus michelianus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus multispicatus Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cyperus niveus Retz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyperus nutans Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Cyperus oatesii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Cyperus odoratus L. Cited as: Cyperus pennatus Boeck., Mariscus albescens Gaud., Mariscus ferax C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cyperus pangorei Rottb. Cited as: Cyperus tegetum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Wet-la Cyperus paniceus (Rottb.) Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyperus pilosus Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway Cyperus platystylis R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Chabya-myet Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus pulcher Thunb. Cited as: Cyperus dregeanus Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Cyperus radians Nees & Meyen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus rotundus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-mon-nyin-ahnet, Nut grass, Wet-mye-u Cyperus sanguinolentus Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae - Cyperaceae 54 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cyperus scariosus R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wet-myet-nyo Cyperus silletensis Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus substramineus Kukenthal Cited as: Cyperus stramineus Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cyperus subulatus R. Br. Cited as: Cyperus ferax Benth. (partim) Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyperus sulcinux C.B. Clarke Cited as: Pycreus sulcinux (C.B. Clarke) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Cyperus trialtus (Boeck.) Kern Cited as: Cyperus turgidulus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Cyperus umbricatus Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cyperus uncinatus Poir. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cyperus unioloides R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diplacrum caricinum R. Br. Cited as: Scleria caricina (R. Br.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Than-manaing-kyauk-manaing, Than-manaing-kyauk-manaing-myet Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult. Cited as: Eleocharis fistulosa Schult. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Eleocharis congesta D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. f.) Trin. ex Henschel Cited as: Eleocharis plantaginea R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Water chestnut, Wetmye-u Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Heleocharis palustris Boiss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eleocharis spiralis (Rottb.) R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eleocharis tetraquetra Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erioscirpus comosus (Wall.) Palla Cited as: Eriophorum comosum (Wall.) Wall. ex Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Fimbristylis acicularis R. Br. Cited as: Fimbristylis setacea Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fimbristylis aestivalis (Retz.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Fimbristylis annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Sin-mon-hnyin Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Vahl) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Mon-hnyin-paung-bin Fimbristylis cyperoides F. Muell. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Monnyin-myet, Sin-monnyin- myet Fimbristylis dipsacea Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae - Cyperaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 55 Fimbristylis disticha Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Fimbristylis dura (Zoll. & Morr.) Merr. Cited as: Fimbristylis asperrima Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Fimbristylis eragrostis (Nees) Hance Cited as: Fimbristylis nigrobrunnea Thwaites Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth Cited as: Fimbristylis junciformis Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Fimbristylis fimbristyloides (F. Muell.) Druce Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Fimbristylis merguensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Mon-hnyin-myet Fimbristylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Fimbristylis pauciflora R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Fimbristylis pubisquama Kern Cited as: Fimbristylis compressa Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Vahl) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Monnyin-paung-bin Fimbristylis salbundia (Nees) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Fimbristylis spiralis R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fimbristylis tenuicula Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Fimbristylis tetragona R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Fimbristylis thomsonii Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Fimbristylis tomentosa Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Fimbristylis trichocaulis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb. Cited as: Fuirena glomerata Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Fuirena pubescens Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Fuirena wallichiana Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Gahnia javanica Zoll. & Moritzi ex Moritzi Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng. Cited as: Hypolytrum latifolium L.C, Rich. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Satthwa Isolepis setacea (L.) R. Br. Cited as: Cyperus setaceus Missb. & E.H.L. Krause, Scirpus setaceus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Kyllinga cylindrica Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. Monocotyledons: Cyperaceae - Cyperaceae 56 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thon-daunt-myet Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R. & G. Forst.) Dandy ex Hutch. & Dalziel Cited as: Kyllinga melanosperma Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thone-daunt-myet Kyllinga tenuifolia Steud. Cited as: Kyllinga triceps Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Thon-daunt-myet Lipocarpha sphacelata (Vahl) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Lipocarpha squarrosa (L.) Goetghebeur Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Remirea maritima Aubl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Rhynchospora longisetis R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Rhynchospora rubra (Lour.) Makino Cited as: Rhynchospora wallichiana Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Schoenoplectus articulatus (L.) Palla Cited as: Scirpus articulatus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Ye-kyet-thun Schoenoplectus erectus (Poir.) Palla ex Raynal Cited as: Scirpus erectus Poir. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Schoenoplectus grossus (L. f.) Palla Cited as: Scirpus grossus L. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wef-myeza-u, Wet-myeza-u Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Cited as: Scirpus juncoides Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schoenoplectus maritimus (L.) K. Lye Cited as: Scirpus maritimus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.G. Gmel.) Palla Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Scirpus ternatanus Reinw. ex Miq. Cited as: Scirpus chinensis Munro Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Scleria biflora Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Scleria ciliaris Nees Cited as: Scleria bancana Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Scleria levis Retz. Cited as: Scleria hebecarpa Nees, Scleria zeylanica Poir. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Scleria melanostoma Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Scleria pergracilis (Nees) Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Scleria purpurascens Steud. Cited as: Scleria multifoliata Boeck. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Scleria terrestris (L.) Fass. Cited as: Scleria elata Thwaites Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Scleria tessellata Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea alata L. Monocotyledons: Dioscoreaceae - Dioscoreaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 57 Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mautinsong, Myauk-u, Taw- myauk-u, White yam Dioscorea atropurpurea Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Malacca yam, Myauk-u-ni, Rangoon yam Dioscorea birmanica Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Katcho Dioscorea brandisii Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea bulbifera L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Aerial yam, Ah-lu-thi, Potato yam, Putsa-u Dioscorea collettii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Dioscorea crispata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Myauk-kya Dioscorea cylindrica Burm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyway-u Dioscorea daemona Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyawy-u Dioscorea daunea Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea decipiens Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Thindauk Dioscorea deflexa Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Karen potato, Lesser yam, Sadwe-u, Tadwe-u, Wet-ka-u Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Chinese yam, Myauk-nwe, Tayo-nwe, Wild yam Dioscorea globosa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myauk-nwe, Myauk-phyu Dioscorea hamiltonii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea hemsleyi Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea lepcharum Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea membranacea Pierre ex Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Five-leaved yam, Kyway-u, Put-sa-u Dioscorea prazeri Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wild yam Dioscorea puber Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea purpurea Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myauk u-ni Dioscorea pyrifolia Kunth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Dioscorea rangunensis Knuth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea sativa L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Shan, Yangon Monocotyledons: Dioscoreaceae - Dioscoreaceae 58 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Kadu-u, Kauk-yin-nwe, Myauk-u Dioscorea spinosa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thadut-ni Dioscorea tentaculigera Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Dioscorea tomentosa Koenig ex Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyway-pin Dioscorea trinervia Roxb. ex Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioscorea velutipes Prain & Burkill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Dioscorea wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Kadat, Taw-thinbaw Dioscorea wightii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Dracaenaceae Dracaena angustifolia Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dandagu, Dantalet Dracaena cantleyi Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dracaena elliptica Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Dracaena ensifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Zaw-gyi-taung-hmwe Dracaena helferiana Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pyi-lon-chan-tha Dracaena reflexa Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dracaena sanderiana Hort. Sander ex M.T. Masters Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dracaena spicata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-nagaset Sansevieria burmanica N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sansevieria cylindrica Bojer Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sinzwe-gamon Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Nagaset, Snake plant Sansevieria zeylanica Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bowstring hemp, Nagaset Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon cinereum R. Brown Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon collettii Hook. f. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Eriocaulon echinulatum Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Taninthayi Eriocaulon glaucum Griff. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon helferi Hook. f. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Taninthayi Eriocaulon luzulaefolium Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon melaleucum Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Rakhine Eriocaulon oryzetorum Matt. Habit: Aquatic Monocotyledons: Dracaenaceae - Eriocaulaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 59 Distribution: Bago Eriocaulon quinquangulare L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon roseum Fyson Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Eriocaulon sericans Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Eriocaulon setaceum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon sexangulare L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Eriocaulon truncatum Ham. ex Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriocaulon wightianum Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Eriocaulon xaranthemum Mart. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Taninthayi Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myauk-kyein Hanguanaceae Hanguana malayana (Jack) Merr. Cited as: Susum malayanum (Jack) Planch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Heliconiaceae Heliconia bihai (L.) L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Heliconia caribaea Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Heliconia latispatha (Benth.) Griggs Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ganan-letma, Lobster claw Heliconia psittacorum L.f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyettu-ywe-pan, Parrot flower Heliconia stricta Huber Cited as: Heliconia humilis (Aubl.) Jacq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ganan-letma, Lobster claw Hemerocallidaceae Hemerocallis fulva L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nay-khatta, Orange daylily Hyacinthaceae Urginea indica Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Padaing-kyettun, Squill Hydrocharitaceae Blyxa aubertii Rich. Cited as: Blyxa griffithii Planch. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Yangon Blyxa japonica (Miq.) Maxim. ex Asch. & Gurke Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Blyxa octandra (Roxb.) Planch. ex Thwaites Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Yangon Blyxa quadricostata den Hartog Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Enhalus acoroides (L. f.) Royle Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Halophila beccarii Asch. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Flagellariaceae - Hydrocharitaceae 60 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ye-hnyi Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb. ex Wight) Thwaites Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Ye-hnyi Ottelia cordata (Wall.) Dandy Cited as: Boottia cordata Wall. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-hnyi Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Asch. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vallisneria spiralis L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Eel grass, Nga-shint-myet, Tape grass, Ye-hnyi Hypoxidaceae Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Black musale, Kanyut-net, Mutha-li Hypoxis aurea Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Molineria capitulata (Lour.) Herb. Cited as: Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kywet-malut, Tong-song-kha Molineria latifolia (Dryand.) Herb. ex Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kywet-malut, Kywet-ma-lut Iridaceae Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyathit-hninpan, Leopard lily Crocus sativus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gon-ga-man, Saffron Gladiolus gandavensis Van Houtte Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thitsaban Gladiolus primulinus Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thitsaban Iris chrysographes Dykes Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Tris clarkei Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Tris collettii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Iris dolichosiphon H.J. Noltie Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Tris germanica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Orris root, Pan-ma Tris goniocarpa Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Iris japonica Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Tris kamaonensis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tris wattii Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juncaceae Juncus bufonius L. Habit: Herb Monocotyledons: Hypoxidaceae - Juncaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 61 Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juncus cephalostigma Samuelsson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juncus concinnus Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juncus grisebachii Buchenau Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Juncus membranaceus Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Matting rush Juncus prismatocarpus R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Luzula campestris DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Luzula effusa Buchenau Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lemnaceae Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Lemna polyrhiza L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Greater duckweed, Ye-hnyi Lemna tenera Kurz Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lemna trisulca L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Wolffia globosa (Roxb.) den Hartog & Plas Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Ye-u Liliaceae Cardiocrinum giganteum (Wall.) Makino Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Fritillaria roylei Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gamon-kyetthun-phyu, Machit Lilium arboricola Stearn Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lilium bakerianum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Lilium brownii F.E. Brown ex Miellez Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lilium candidum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Madonna lily Lilium forrestii W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lilium hyacinthinum E.H.Wilson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lilium japonicum Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Easter lily, Trumpet lily Lilium monadelphum M. Bieb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Lilium nanum Klotzsch & Garcke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lilium nepalense Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Lilium primulinum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Lilium roseum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lilium rubellum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Monocotyledons: Lemnaceae - Liliaceae 62 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Lilium sulphureum Baker ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tiger lily Lilium wallichianum Schott Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Lloydia delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lloydia forrestii Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nomocharis aperta (Franch.) E.H. Wilson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Nomocharis basilissa Farrer ex W.E. Evans Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Nomocharis farreri (W.E. Evans) Harrow Cited as: Nomocharis pardanthina Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Nomocharis georgei W.E. Evans Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Tet-pya Nomocharis saluenensis 1.B. Balfour Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limnocharitaceae Butomopsis lanceolata Kunth Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Naturalized Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Nga-tet-pya, Tet-pya Marantaceae Calathea ornata Koern. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Daung-gamon Donax grandis (Migq.) Ridl. Cited as: Clinogyne grandis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thin, Yinzu Halopegia blumei (Koern.) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Maranta arundinacea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arrowroot, Thinbaw-adalut Maranta bicolor Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Adalut-ywethla Maranta leuconeura Morr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Phrynium capitatum Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Taungsin-phet, Taung-zin-phet Phrynium macrostachyum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Wathaing Schumannianthus dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. Cited as: Clinogyne dichotoma Salisb., Maranta dichotoma Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thin, Thin-byu, Thin-phyu Stachyphrynium cadellianum (King ex Baker) N.P. Balakr. Cited as: Phrynium cadellianum King Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taungsin-hpet Stachyphrynium spicatum (Roxb.) K. Schum. Cited as: Phrynium spicatum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Phet-salut, Phet-sa-lut Melanthiaceae Aletris gracilis Rendle Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aletris khasiana Hook. f. Monocotyledons: Limnocharitaceae - Melanthiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 63 Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aletris lanuginosa Bureau & Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Aletris pauciflora (Klotzsch) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Petrosavia sakuraii (Makino) J.J. Sm. ex Steenis Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Veratrum shanense W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ypsilandra alpina F.T. Wang & T. Tang Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ypsilandra yunnanensis W.W. Sm. & J.F. Jeffrey Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Musaceae Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) E.E. Cheesm. Cited as: Musa glauca Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Nat-nget-pyaw, Shew-kyin- hnget-pyaw Ensete superbum (Roxb.) E.E. Cheesm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) E.E. Cheesm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ensete, Shwe-nget-pyaw Musa acuminata Simmonds Cited as: Musa sinensis Sw. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese banana, Dwarf banana, Thi-hmwe-nget-pyaw, Wet-ma-lut Musa itinerans E.E. Cheesm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taw-nget-pyaw Musa laterita E.E. Cheesm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taw-nget-pyaw Musa nagensium Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Musa ornata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taw-nget-pyaw Musa rubra Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Musa sanguinea Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dwarf banana, Red Banana Musa sapientum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cooking banana, Golden plantain, Nanthaphu, Plantain, Red plantain, Shwe-ngetpyaw, Taw-nga-pyaw Musa textilis Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Abaca, Manila hemp, Manila- shaw-bin Musa velutina H. Wendl. & Drude Cited as: Musa rosea Hort. ex Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taw-nget-pyaw Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C.Y. Wu ex A.W. Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivared Najadaceae Najas graminea Del. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Najas indica (Willd.) Cham. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Najas kingii Rendle Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Najas marina L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Musaceae - Najadaceae 64 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Orchidaceae Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyettu-ywe-pan Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatter & McCann Cited as: Saccolabium wightianum (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acampe rigida (Buch.-Ham. ex J.E. Sm.) P.F. Hunt Cited as: Acampe longifolia (Lindl.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chinlon-pan, Mi-malaung-pan Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Acriopsis indica Wight Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Acriopsis liliifolia (Koen.) Ormerod Cited as: Acriopsis javanica Reinw., Liparis olivacea Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aerides crassifolia Parish ex Burb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sagalay-ani Aerides falcatum Lindl. & Paxton Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sagalay-ahpyu Aerides multiflorum Roxb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyettu-ywe-ni, Sagalay-ni Aerides odoratum Lour. Cited as: Aerides suavissimum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyey-hnoke-thi, Sargalay- ahmwe, Sargalay-kadon Aerides x jansoni Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum J. J. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agrostophyllum callosum Rchb. f. Cited as: Appendicula callosa Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Amitostigma tibeticum Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ania angustifolia Lindl. Cited as: Tainia angustifolia Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ania hennisiana (Schltr.) Senghas Cited as: Ascotainia hennisiana Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ania viridifusca (W.J. Hook.) Summerh. Cited as: Tainia viridifusca Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mon Anoectochilus albolineatus Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthay1 Anoectochilus burmannicus Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anoectochilus roxburghii Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Anthogonium gracile Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Aphyllorchis montana Rchb. f. Cited as: Aphyllorchis prainii Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Apostasia nuda R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apostasia wallichii R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Appendicula cornuta Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Arachnis flos-aeris L. Habit: Epiphyte Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 65 Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kya-thit-pan, Pingu-thitkwa, Scorpion orchid, Spider orchid Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Arachnis maingayi (Hook. f.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kin-hmi-kauk-thitkwa-pan, Kya-thit-pan, Pink scorpion orchid Arundina graminifolia (D. Don) Hochr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taung-kyu, Wa-thitkwa Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Lindl.) Schltr. Cited as: Saccolabium ampullaceum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nga-letma Ascocentrum curvifolium (Lindl.) Schltr. Cited as: Saccolabium curvifolium Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyettu-ywe-pan, Thanda-lay, Thingyan-pan, Thitkwa-ni-gale Ascocentrum himalaicum (Deb, Sengupta & Malick) Christenson Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ascocentrum rubrum (Lindl.) Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bletilla foliosa (King & Pantl.) Tang & Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Bletia striata (Thunb.) Rehb. f., Bletia hyacinthia R. Br. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Brachycorythis galeandra (Rchb. f.) Summerhayes Cited as: Habenaria galeandra (Rchb. f.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb. f.) Summerh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Brachycorythis henryi (Schlitr.) Summerh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Brachycorythis obovalis Summerh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bromheadia aporoides Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum alcicorne Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thazin-pan Bulbophyllum birmense Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum blepharistes Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum blepharistes (Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum burkilli Gage Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum capillipes Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum careyanum Spreng. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum cauliflorum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mon Bulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl. Cited as: Bulbophyllum sessile (Koen.) J.J.Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum comosum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Shan-thazin Bulbophyllum congestum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Rakhine Bulbophyllum cretaceum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 66 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum cupreum Lindl. Cited as: Bulbophyllum pechei Bull Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum dayanum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum dickasonii Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum emarginatum (Finet) J.J.Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Bulbophyllum farreri (W.W. Sm.) Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum gracillimum (Rolfe) Rolfe Cited as: Bulbophyllum gracillipes King & Pant. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum guttulatum Wall. ex Hook. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum guttulatum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum haniffii Carr Cited as: Bulbophyllum epicrianthes Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum hirtum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum kanburiense Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum khasyanum Griff. Cited as: Bulbophyllum conchiferum Rchb. f., Bulbophyllum cylindraceum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum lasiochilum Parish & Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum lasiochilum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume) Lindl. Cited as: Bulbophyllum radiatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum lemniscatum Parish ex Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum lepidum (Blume) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum gamosepalum Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum limbatum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum lindleyanum Griff. Cited as: Bulbophyllum rigens Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum lineatum (Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum merguense Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Bulbophyllum lobbii Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitpu Bulbophyllum longipes Rchb. f. Cited as: Henosis longipes Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum macranthum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum microtepalum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum modestum Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tazin-yattaung Bulbophyllum moniliforme Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum nasutum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum nigrescens Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Tazin-net Bulbophyllum nilgherrense Wight Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Bulbophyllum odoratissimum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 67 Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum oligoglossum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum ornatissimum (Rchb. f.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum ornatissimum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Yattaung-pan Bulbophyllum parviflorum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum pectinatum Finet Cited as: Bulbophyllum spectabile Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Bulbophyllum penicillium Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum picturatum (Lodd.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum picturatum Lodd. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum polyrrhizum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Thazin-lay Bulbophyllum protractum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum pumilio Parish & Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum pumilio (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum purpurascens Teijsm. & Binn. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum compactum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum refractum (Zoll.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum refractum Zoll. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum reichenbachii (Kuntze) Schltr. Cited as: Bulbophyllum gracile Par. & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon Bulbophyllum repens Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum reptans Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Bulbophyllum retusiusculum Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum retusiusculum (Rchb. f.) Hemsl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum rufilabrum Parish Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum rufinum Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Bulbophyllum secundum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Bulbophyllum serratotruncatum Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum ochraceum Ridl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum sicyobulbon Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum sillemianum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum spathaceum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum stenobulbon Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum suavissimum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thazin Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum Parish & Rchb. f. Cited as: Bulbophyllum mundulum Will., Cirrhopetalum simillimum Rchb. f., Cirrhopetalum taeniophyllum (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum tripudians Parish & Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum tripudians (Parish & Rchb. f.) Parish & Rchb. f. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 68 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum triste Rchb. f. Cited as: Bulbophyllum alopecurus Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Bulbophyllum umbellatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum wendlandianum (Krzl.) Dammar Cited as: Cirrhopetalum collettii Hemsl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Zawgyi-gamon Bulbophyllum wightii Rchb. f. Cited as: Cirrhopetalum grandiflorum Wight Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bulbophyllum xylophyllum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Calanthe biloba Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Calanthe brevicornu Lindl, Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Calanthe ceciliae Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calanthe clavata Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calanthe herbacea Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hke-padein-ngo Calanthe labrosa (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Calanthe lyroglossa Rchb. f. Cited as: Calanthe foerstermannii Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Calanthe odora Griff. Cited as: Calanthe angusta Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Padein-ngo, Shwe-ta-sok-pan Calanthe plantaginea Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calanthe rosea (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thazin-gyi-pan-yaung Calanthe sylvatica (Thou.) Lindl. Cited as: Calanthe masuca (D. Don) Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Calanthe trifida Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calanthe triplicata (Willem.) Ames Cited as: Calanthe veratrifolia R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Calanthe vestita Lindl. Cited as: Calanthe turneri Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tazin-gyi-ahpyu Calanthe wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Calanthe whiteana King & Pantl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Calanthe yunnanensis Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cephalanthera pusilla (Hook. f.) Seidenf. Cited as: Galeola pusilla Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Cephalantheropsis longipes (Hook. f.) Ormerod Cited as: Phaius longipes (Hook. f.) Holtt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Lind|.) Ormerod Cited as: Calanthe tubifera Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Ceratostylis pleurothallis (Parish & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. Cited as: Eria pleurothallis Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 69 Cheirostylis griffithii Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin Cheirostylis malleifera Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cheirostylis montana Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cheirostylis pubescens Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Cheirostylis yunnanensis Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Chiloschista lunifera (Rchb. f.) J.J. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Chiloschista parishii Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chusua donii Nevski Cited as: Orchis chusua D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisocentron collettianum (King & Pantl.) Garay Cited as: Saccolabium collettianum King & Pantl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisomeria lanata (Lindl.) Lindl. ex G. Don Cited as: Sarcanthus lanatus (Lindl.) Holtt. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Cleisostoma appendiculatum (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f. Cited as: Sarcanthus appendiculatus Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Cleisostoma aspersum (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus bicuspidatus (Hook. f.) J.J. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma birmanicum (Schltr.) Garay Cited as: Echioglossum birmanicum Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus filiformis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Cleisostoma parishii (Hook. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus parishii Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus chrysomelas Rchb. f., Sarcanthus lorifolius Parish, Sarcanthus racemifer (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Cleisostoma rolfeanum (King & Pantl.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus rolfeanus King & Pantl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma rostratum (Lindl.) Garay Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma simondii (Gagnep.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus teretifolius Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma subulatum Blume Cited as: Sarcanthus oxyphyllus Wall. ex Lindl., Sarcanthus subulatus (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleisostoma williamsonii (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus williamsoni Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Coelogyne advena Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne barbata Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne birmanica Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne brachyptera Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Payungdaing-thitkwa Coelogyne calcicola Kerr Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin Coelogyne corrugata Wight Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 70 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ngwe-hnin-phyu Coelogyne cycnoches Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Coelogyne ecarinata C. Schweinf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Coelogyne elata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Coelogyne fuliginosa Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Coelogyne holochila P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne huettneriana Rchb. f. Cited as: Coelogyne rossiana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ngwe-hnyin-phyu Coelogyne lactea Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne lentiginosa Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Coelogyne leucantha W.W. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Coelogyne longipes Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Coelogyne maculata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Yangon Coelogyne micrantha Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Coelogyne nitida Lindl. Cited as: Coelogyne ochracea Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne occulata Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thu-wanna-daywi, Yadana- ngwe-khet Coelogyne parishii Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Payaung-daing-pan, Yadana- nwe-get Coelogyne picta Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Cited as: Coelogyne flavida Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne punctulata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne rigida Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Coelogyne sanderae Kranz. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Coelogyne schilleriana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne schultesii S.K. Jain & S. Das Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne speciosa Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago Coelogyne tenasserimensis Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne testacea Lindl. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 71 Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne tomentosa Lindl. Cited as: Coelogyne massangeana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coelogyne trinervis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Coelogyne ustulata Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Coelogyne viscosa Rchb. f. Cited as: Coelogyne graminifolia Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Corymborkis veratrifolia Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. Cited as: Cymbidium pendulum Roxb., Cymbidium simulans (Schwartz) Holtz. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pan-swe-gyo, Thittet-linne, Tittet-linne Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium cochleare Lindl. Cited as: Cyperorchis cochlearis (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium dayanum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium devonianum Paxton Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. Cited as: Cyperorchis eburnea (Lindl.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium elegans Lindl. Cited as: Cyperorchis elegans (Lindl.) Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Cymbidium erythraceum Lindl. Cited as: Cymbidium hennisianum Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pan-thetshe-wa Cymbidium iridioides D. Don Cited as: Cyperorchis gigantea Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pan-thetshe-nyo Cymbidium lancifolium W.J. Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Cyperorchis lowiana (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-thetshe-kya Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. Cited as: Pachyrhizantha macrorhizos (Lindl.) Nakai Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Shan Cymbidium parishii Rchb. f. Cited as: Cyperorchis parishii (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Shan, Taninthayi Cymbidium tigrinum Parish ex Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Cymbidium tracyanum Hort. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Naturalized Cyperorchis fowlerae Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cypripedium lichiangense S.C. Chen & Cribb Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium acerosum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium aduncum Wall. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Dendrobium aggregatum Roxb. Cited as: Dendrobium lindleyi Steud. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 72 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Kayah, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Shwe-wa-galay, Yadanar-shwe- khet Dendrobium albosanguineum Lindl. & Paxton Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Baung-daw-chut Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume) Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium serra (Lindl.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium amoenum Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium anceps Sw. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Thagya-letwa Dendrobium aphrodite Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shwe-wa-galay Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Fischer Cited as: Dendrobium pierardii Roxb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kha-mauk-kyo Dendrobium bellatulum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Dendrobium bensoniae Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hnit-oo-pan, Pale-hnit Dendrobium bicameratum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium binoculare Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Dendrobium brymerianum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Dendrobium calothyrsos Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium capillipes Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium acrobaticum Rchb. f., Dendrobium callipes Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Payaung-chetoe Dendrobium cariniferum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mahar-dewi, Payaung-setku- pan Dendrobium chrysanthum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Shwe-tu-thitkwa Dendrobium chryseum Rolfe Cited as: Dendrobium aurantiacum Rchb. f., Dendrobium denneanum A.F.G. Kerr Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Dendrobium chrysocrepis Parish & Rchb. f. ex Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Cited as: Dendrobium suavissimum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Mauk-khan-wa, Thitkwa-ahwa Dendrobium compactum Rolfe ex W. Hackett Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium concinnum Mig. Cited as: Dendrobium atropurpureum Mig. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium crepidatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ganaing--nabe-pauk Dendrobium cretaceum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium cruentum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ngwe-gyo-phyu, Pigeon orchid Dendrobium crystallinum Rchb. f. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 73 Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-setku-thitkwa Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Khwar-nyo-thitkwa Dendrobium curviflorum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium cuspidatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium delacourii Guill. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Dendrobium densiflorum Lindl. ex Wall. Cited as: Dendrobium clavatum Roxb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyet-u-hnit-pan-gale, Tagunlon-shwe Dendrobium denudans D. Don Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin Dendrobium devonianum Paxton Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Dendrobium dickasonii L.O. Williams Cited as: Dendrobium arachnites Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Dendrobium dixanthum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shwe-wa-galay Dendrobium draconis Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium andersonii Scott Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kadaw-sut, Kein-na-yi Dendrobium ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium eriiflorum Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kein-na-yi, Kyetche-pan Dendrobium falconeri Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Myet-thitkwa Dendrobium farmeri Paxton Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lay-hmyaung-let-tan-do Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Shwe-tu Dendrobium findlayanum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-let-set, Shwe-sit-kyo Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ngwe-tu-gyi Dendrobium fytchianum Bateman Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Khwa-nyo-thitkwa Dendrobium gibsonii Paxt. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan Dendrobium gratiosissimum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium griffithianum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium harveyanum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium hendersonii A.D. Hawkes & A.H. Heller Cited as: Dendrobium fugax Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Dendrobium hirtulum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium hookerianum Lindl. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 74 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin Dendrobium hymenanthum Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium quadrangulare Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium incurvum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Dendrobium indivisum (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Dendrobium eulophotum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Dendrobium infundibulum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Ngwe-pale, Taung-ngwe-tu Dendrobium jenkinsii Wall. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shwe-wa-galay, Shwe-war-gale Dendrobium kentrophyllum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium lamellatum (Blume) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium lasioglossum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium laterale L.O, Williams Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Dendrobium leucochlorum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Wide Dendrobium longicornu Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Kein-na-ya Dendrobium lubbersianum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium luteolum Bateman Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium mannii Ridl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium marmoratum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium moschatum (Buch.-Ham.) Sw. Cited as: Dendrobium calceolaria Carey ex Hook., Dendrobium cupreum Herbert Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kayin, Magway, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lettan-she, Pha-yaung-che-toe, Waso-pan Dendrobium moulmeinense Parish ex Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium nathanielis Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Daung-myi-thitkwa Dendrobium ochreatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taung-nabay-bauk Dendrobium pachyglossum Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrobium pachyphyllum (Kuntze) Bakh. f. Cited as: Dendrobium pumilum Roxb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Dendrobium palpebrae Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ngwe-tu-gale, Ngwe-tu-lay Dendrobium panduriferum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Yangon Dendrobium parcum Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium tapingense W.W. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-tet-pya Dendrobium parishii Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ka-yan-yaung-Iwin-pyin, Tagunlon-gyi Dendrobium pedilochilum Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium peguanum Lindl. Cited as: Dendrobium microbolbon auct., non A. Rich., Dendrobium pygmaeum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thazin-kyet-chi Dendrobium pendulum Roxb. Cited as: Dendrobium crassinode Benson & Rchb. f., Dendrobium melanophthalmum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mon, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Mya-sit-kyo Dendrobium podagraria Hook. f. Cited as: Dendrobium angulatum Wall. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium polyphlebium Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium porphyrochilum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium primulardii Horridge Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium primulinum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thin-kyu-kyu Dendrobium pulchellum Roxb. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lettan-to, Sinma-myet-kwin Dendrobium pycnostachyum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thazin-hpo Dendrobium rhodocentrum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium rhodopterygium Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kwanyo-gyi Dendrobium salaccense (Blume) Lindl. Cited as: Dendrobium bambusifolium Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium scabrilingue Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gamon-inn, Ma-hnyo-pan Dendrobium secundum (Blume) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pa-da-mya-thit-kwa, Tha-but- pan Dendrobium senile Parish ex Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Dendrobium signatum Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium hildebrandii Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium spatella Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium acinaciforme Roxb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Dendrobium spegidoglossum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium strongylanthum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium stuposum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrobium sulcatum Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium sutepense Rolfe ex Downie Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium terminale Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Dendrobium theionochilum Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Rchb. f. Cited as: Dendrobium galliceanum Linden Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 75 76 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyet-u-hnit, Tagun-lon-ngwe Dendrobium tortile Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thu-yaung--pan Dendrobium transparens Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Dendrobium trigonopus Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium venustum Teijsm. & Binn. Cited as: Dendrobium ciliatum Parish ex Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium virgineum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium wardianum Warner Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thon-ban-hla-thitkwa Dendrobium wattii (Hook. f.) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Dendrobium wightii A.D. Hawkes & A.H. Heller Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Sagaing Dendrobium williamsonii Day & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Dendrobium wilmsianum Schltr, Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrobium xanthophlebium Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dendrochilum longifolium Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Dendrochilum pallidiflavens Blume Cited as: Dendrochilum pallidiflorum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Didymoplexis pallens Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay Dilochia subsessilis (Rolfe) S. Thomas Cited as: Arundina subsessilis Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diplomeria pulchella D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Diploprora championi Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Drymoda picta Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Epigeneium amplum (Lindl.) Summerh. Cited as: Epigeneium coelogyne (Rchb. f.) Summerh., Katherinea coelogyne (Rchb. f.) Hawkes, Sarcopodium coelogyne Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Epigeneium fuscescens (Griff.) Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Epigeneium rotundatum (Lindl.) Summerh. Cited as: Dendrobium rotundatum Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin Epipactis consimilis D. Don Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay Eria acervata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Eria amica Rchb. f. Cited as: Eria andersonii Hook. f., Eria confusa Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Eria biflora Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria bractescens Lindl. Cited as: Eria griffithii Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria brandisii King & Pantl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria brownei Braid Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria calamifolia Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Eria clavicaulis Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 77 Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria concolor Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Eria conica Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria coronaria (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Trichosma suavis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria cristata Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria dasypus Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria decipiens Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria densa Ridl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria eriopsidobulbon Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria extinctoria Oliver Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria floribunda Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria graminifolia Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Eria hologlossa Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria javanica (Sw.) Blume Cited as: Eria fragrans Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria lacei Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria laniceps Rchb. f. Cited as: Eria elongata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod Cited as: Eria albido-tomentosa (Blume) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mwehauk-gaung, Mwe-hauk- gaung-thtkwa, Thikwa Eria marginata Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria merguensis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria musciola Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria myristicaeformis Hook. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria obesa Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Eria paniculata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay Eria pannea Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Eria parishii Lindl. & Rcehb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria perpusilla Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria pubescens Wight Cited as: Eria flava Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Biza-pat-pan Eria pulchella Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Eria pumila Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria rimanni Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria shanensis King & Pantl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eria sicaria Lindl. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 78 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eria spicata (Don) Hand.-Mazz. Cited as: Eria convallarioides Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Let-saung-pan Eria stricta Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Letset-pan Eria tenuiflora Ridl. Cited as: Eria ringens Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria tomentosa Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nat-thami-pan Eria truncata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eria vestita Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Eriodes barbata (Lindl.) Rolfe Cited as: Tainiopsis barbata (Lindl.) Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erythrodes hirsuta (Griff.) Ormerod Cited as: Physurus hirsutus Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Hayata) Garay Cited as: Galeola altissima auct., non (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Esmeralda clarkei Rchb. f. Cited as: Arachnis clarkei (Rchb. f.) J.J. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Eulophia andamanensis Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eulophia bicallosa (D. Don) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Cited as: Eulophia bicarinata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution; Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Eulophia bracteosa Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Eulophia burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Eulophia campestris Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gamon-thanga-zin, Me-pah Eulophia flava (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eulophia graminea Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Eulophia lachnocheila Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Eulophia macrobulbon (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Cited as: Cyrtopera macrobulbon Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Eulophia promensis Lindl. Cited as: Tainia promensis (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Eulophia pulchra (Thouars) Lindl. Cited as: Eulophia macrostachya Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.) Suresh Cited as: Eulophia burkei Rolfe ex Downie, Eulophia holochila Collett & Hemsl., Eulophia nuda Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J.J.Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flickingeria angustifolia (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Cited as: Ephemerantha kelsalii (Ridl.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shwe-tu Flickingeria appendiculata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Cited as: Ephemerantha bifida (Ridl.) P.F. Hunt & Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 79 Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flickingeria convexa (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Cited as: Ephemerantha convexa (Blume) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flickingeria fimbriata (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Cited as: Desmotrichum fimbriatum Blume, Ephemerantha fimbriata (Blume) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-taung-pan Flickingeria grandiflora (Blume) A.D. Hawkes Cited as: Ephemerantha grandiflora (Blume) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Flickingeria macraei (Lindl.) Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flickingeria parishii Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Galeola lindleyana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Galeola nudiflora Lour. Cited as: Galeola kuhlii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nwe-loung Gastrochilus acutifolium Kuntze Cited as: Saccolabium acutifolium Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gastrochilus bellinus (Rchb. f.) Kuntze Cited as: Saccolabium bellinum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyet-tu-ywe-pan Gastrochilus bigibbus (Rchb. f. ex Hook. f.) Kuntze Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gastrochilus calceolaris D. Don Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyettuyway-pan, Kyet-tu-ywe- pan Gastrochilus distichus (Lindl.) Kuntze Cited as: Saccolabium distichum Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Gastrochilus intermedius (Griff. ex Lindl.) Kuntze Cited as: Saccolabium intermedium Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Gastrochilus longifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpet-chin, Mala-gyin Gastrochilus obliquus (Lind1.) Kuntze Cited as: Saccolabium obliquum Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gastrochilus pechei Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Gastrochilus platycalcaratus (Rolfe) Schltr. Cited as: Saccolabium platycalcaratum Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gastrochilus pulcherrima Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Taninthayi, Yangon Gastrochilus sukhakulii Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geodorum attenuatum Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Geodorum citrinum Jacks. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schltr. Cited as: Geodorum purpureum R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Geodorum recurvum (Roxb.) Alston Cited as: Geodorum dilatatum R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Goodyera procera Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Shan Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 80 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Grammatophyllum speciosum Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kya-bahon, Queen of orchids, Tiger orchid Grosourdya appendiculata (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gunnarorchis perpusilla (Par. & Rchb. f.) Brieger Cited as: Phreatia perpusilla Benth. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Gymnadenia sesamoides Parish Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Habenaria acuifera Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Habenaria aitchisoni Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria arietina Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Habenaria avana Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria chlorina Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Habenaria commelinifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Habenaria corticicola W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria corymbosa Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Habenaria dentirostrata Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria digitata Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria ditricha Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria fulva Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria furcifera Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Yangon Habenaria latifolia Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria linearis King & Pantl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria longibracteata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria lucida Wall. ex Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-thazin-pan Habenaria malintana (Blanco) Merr. Cited as: Habenaria pelorioides Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Habenaria malleifera Hook. f. Cited as: Habenaria furfuracea Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria mandersii Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mya-ganaing-pan Habenaria marginata Colebr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria massoniana King & Pant. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria mientienensis Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria ophiocephala W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria parageniculata Tang & F.T. Wang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 81 Habenaria pectinata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Habenaria prazeri King & Pantl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria rhodocheila Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria rodgeri W.W. Sm. & Banerji Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria roseotincta W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria rostrata Wall. ex Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Habenaria shweliensis W.W. Sm. & Banerji Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria spatulaefolia Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Habenaria travancorica Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Habenaria trichosantha Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Habenaria triquetra Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria vidua Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Habenaria yomensis Gage Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habenaria yunnanensis Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemipilia calophylla Parish & Rchb. f. Cited as: Hemipilia amethystina Rolfe ex Hook. f., Orchis subrotunda King & Pant. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemipilia cordifolia Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan Herminium angustifolium Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Herminium lanceum (Thunb. ex Sw.) Vuijk Cited as: Monorchis angustifolia (Lindl.) O. Schwarz, Spiranthes lancea (Thunb.) Backer, Backh. f. & van Steenis Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod Cited as: Hetaeria rubens Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Hetaeria oblongifolia (Blume) Blume Cited as: Hetaeria helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Holcoglossum amesianum (Rchb. f.) Christenson Cited as: Vanda amesiana Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Mo-kadawt-pan, Sagalay-ywet- lon Holcoglossum kimballianum (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Vanda kimballiana Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Yosetgale Holcoglossum subulifolium (Rchb. f.) Christenson Cited as: Vanda subulifolia Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Hygrochilus parishii (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer Cited as: Stauropsis marriottiana Rolfe, Stauropsis parishii Rolfe, Vanda parishii Rchb. f., Vandopsis parishii Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sagalay-ywet-kya, Sagalay- ywetpya, Taung-kalamet-thitkwa Tone flavescens Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tone grandiflora Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tone kachinensis (Seidenf.) Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Tone rimannii (Rchb. f.) Seidenf. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 82 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Jone salweenensis Phillimore & W.W. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar one scariosa King & Pantl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kalimpongia narajitii U.C. Pradhan Cited as: Dickasonia vernicosa L.O. Williams Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis bistriata Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Liparis bootanensis Griff. Cited as: Liparis pachypus Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis caespitosa (Lam.) Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis chapaensis Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis condylobulbon Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Liparis deflexa Hook. f. Cited as: Liparis prazeri King & Pantl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis downii Ridl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis forrestii Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis gibbosa Finet Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Liparis grossa Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis jovis-pluvii Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Liparis lacerata Ridl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Liparis luteola Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. Cited as: Liparis bituberculata Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Liparis paradoxa Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Liparis parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Liparis regnieri Finet Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis siamensis Rolfe ex Downie Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis stenoglossa Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis torta Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl. Cited as: Liparis longipes Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thazin-bo Liparis wrayi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Listera flabellata W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Listera unguiculata W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ludisia discolor (Ker Gawl.) Lindl. Cited as: Haemaria discolor (Ker Gawl.) Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Luisia amesiana Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Thagya-let-hnyo Luisia brachystachys Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 83 Luisia cantharis Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Luisia primulina Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Luisia psyche Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Luisia teretifolia Gaud. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Sargalay-pan-ywet-lon Luisia thailandica Seidenf. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Luisia volucris Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Swele-pan Luisia zollingeri Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Malaxis acuminata Don Cited as: Malaxis biloba Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Malaxis calophylla (Rchb. f.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Malaxis latifolia Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Malaxis muscifera (Lindl.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Malaxis polyodon Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Malaxis purpurea Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Malaxis versicolor (Lindl.) Abeywickr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Micropera obtusa (Lindl.) Tang & F.T. Wang Cited as: Sarcochilus obtusus (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. Cited as: Sarcochilus roxburghii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Micropera rostrata (Roxb.) N.P. Balakr. Cited as: Sarcochilus purpureus (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Micropera secunda (Rolfe) T. Tang & F.T. Wang Cited as: Cleisostoma secundum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microsaccus griffithii (Parish & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mischobulbum wrayanum (Hook. f.) Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monomeria barbata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Nervilia aragoana Gaud. Cited as: Nervilia scottii (Rchb. f.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Tabin-shwe-hti Nervilia khasiana (King & Pantl.) Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nervilia macroglossa (Hook. f.) Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Nervilia maculata (Parish & Rchb. f.) Schltr. Cited as: Phalaenopsis parishii Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Nervilia parishiana (King & Pantl.) Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr. Cited as: Nervilia discolor (Blume) Schltr., Pogonia pulchella Parish Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tabin-shwe-hti Oberonia anceps Lindl. Cited as: Oberonia ancipita Naves Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Oberonia anthropophora Lindl. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 84 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Oberonia brachystachys Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Oberonia brunonia Wight Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oberonia cavaleriei Finet Cited as: Oberonia myosurus Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mon Oberonia ensiformis Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oberonia falconeri Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Oberonia ferruginea Parish Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Oberonia griffithiana Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Oberonia mannii Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oberonia maxima Parish Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. Cited as: Oberonia iridifolia Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sinin-thitkwa, Sinnin-thit- khwa, Ywet-hla-thit-khwa, Ywethla-thitkwa Oberonia rufilabris Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Orchis mascula L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Saleb misra, Saleb orchid Oreorchis auraiitiaca Pearce & Gibbs Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oreorchis discigera W.W. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Ornithochilus difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Schltr. Cited as: Ornithochilus fuscus Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan Otochilus alba Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Otochilus fusca Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mon Common Name(s): Padi-sint-pan Otochilus porrecta Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Pachystoma senile (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Panisea apiculata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Panisea uniflora (Lind|.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Paphiopedilum bellatulum Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kun-mya-san, Kya-gamon, Slipper orchid Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Rolfe) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Paphiopedilum concolor (Bateman) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmwe-mintha Paphiopedilum dixlerianum Braem & Chiron Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Godef.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Lindl.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paphiopedilum insigne (Wall.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ngwe-na-phyu, Panat-thitkwa Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.) Pfitzer Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 85 Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paphiopedilum parishii (Rchb.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Belu-gamon, Zaw-mokseik Paphiopedilum sallieri (Godef.) Pfitz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Rchb. f.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Hmwe-minthami Paphiopedilum villosum (Lind1.) Pfitzer Cited as: Cypripedium vernayi Kingdon-Ward, Cypripedium villosum Lindl., Paphiopedilum vernayi (Kingdon-Ward) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Slipper orchid Paphiopedilum x sallierii (Godef.) Pfitzer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Papilionanthe biswasiana (Ghose & Mukerjee) Garay Cited as: Aerides biswasianum Ghose & Mukerjee Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Papilionanthe sillemiana (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcochilus sillemianus Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. Cited as: Vanda teres Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sagalay-pan, Yoset-gyi Papilionanthe uniflora (Lindl.) Garay Cited as: Aerides longicornu Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Papilionanthe vandarum (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Aerides vandarum Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pecteilis hawkesiana (King & Pantl.) Sathish Kumar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pecteilis henryi Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pecteilis susannae (L.) Raf. Cited as: Habenaria susannae (L.) R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Pelatantheria insectifera (Rchb. f.) Ridl. Cited as: Sarcanthus insectifer Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.) Lindl. Cited as: Habenaria constricta (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Simidauk Peristylus densus (Lindl.) Santap. & Kapad. Cited as: Habenaria stenostachya Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lindl. Cited as: Habenaria goodyeroides D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Simidauk Peristylus gracilis Blume Cited as: Habenaria bambusetorum Krzl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Peristylus lacertiferus (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Habenaria lacertifera (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthay Peristylus mannii (Rchb. f.) Mukerjee Cited as: Habenaria gracillima Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Peristylus parishii Rchb. f. Cited as: Habenaria parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Peristylus prainii (Hook. f.) Kral. Cited as: Habenaria prainii Krz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Mya-thein-dan-pan, Tamasok- pan Peristylus tentaculatus (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Habenaria tentaculata Rchb. f. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 86 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Peristylus tipuliferus (Parish & Rchb. f.) Mukerjee Cited as: Habenaria brandisii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gamon-zedi, Naymyo-nwe- pan, Nun's orchid Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f. Cited as: Phaius roseus Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Phaius tankervillae (Aiton) Blume Cited as: Phaius wallichii Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gamon-zedigyi Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pi-don-kya Phalaenopsis deliciosa (Rchb. f.) Sweet Cited as: Aerides decumbens Griff., Phalaenopsis decumbens (Griff.) Holtt. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phalaenopsis lobbii (Rchb.) Sweet Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Phalaenopsis lowii Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Leik-pya-pan Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Doritis pulcherrima Lindl., Phalaenopsis esmeralda Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hla-ei-ka-ri Phalaenopsis stobartiana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & U.C. Pradhan Cited as: Doritis taenialis Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pholidota advena Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Pholidota articulata Lindl. Cited as: Pholidota lugardii Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pholidota calceata Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pholidota convallariae (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Pholidota griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Pholidota imbricata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Padi-sint, Sin-mi-thitkwa Pholidota obovata Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Pholidota pallida Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kywet-myi-pan, Rattlesnake orchid, San-meik-cha-pan Pholidota protractor Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Sagaing Pholidota rubra Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Platanthera altigena Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pleione albiflora Cribb & C.Z. Tang Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleione forrestii Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Hpa-lettet-thitkwa Pleione hookeriana (Lindl.) B.S. Williams Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleione humilis (J.E. Sm.) D. Don Cited as: Pleione diantha Schltr. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 87 Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleione limprichtii Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Pleione maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin Pleione praecox (J.E. Sm.) D. Don Cited as: Pleione birmanica (Rchb. f.) B.S. Williams, Pleione reichenbachiana Kuntze Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleione scopulorum W.W. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleione yunnanensis (Rolfe) Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podochilus cultratus Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Podochilus khasianus Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon Podochilus lucescens Blume Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Podochilus microphyllus Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Pogonia cuprea Parish Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & Sweet Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polystachya senile (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pomatocalpa spicata Breda Cited as: Cleisostoma wendlandorum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Ponerorchis monophylla (Collett & Hemsl.) Soo Cited as: Habenaria monophylla Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Porpax meirax (N.E. Br.) King & Pantl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Porpax ustulata (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kral. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Pteroceras compressum (Blume) Holtt. Cited as: Sarcochilus compressus Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Pteroceras leopardinum (Parish & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. & Smitin. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pteroceras suaveolens (Roxb.) Holtt. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Renanthera coccinea Lour. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pinle-thitkwa-ni Renanthera hennisiana Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Badamya-thitkwa, Taung- thitkwa-ni Renanthera pulchella Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhomboda moulmeinensis (Parish & Rchb. f.) Ormerod Cited as: Zeuxine moulmeinensis (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Rhomboda wardii Ormerod Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchostylis gigantea Ridley Cited as: Vanda densiflora Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyaung-mi-nantha, Tagun- longyi Rhynchostylis retusa Blume Cited as: Saccolabium berkeleyi Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Foxtail orchid, Kyaung-mi-tu, Tagun-lon Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 88 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Robiquetia pachyphylla (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Aerides pachyphyllum Rchb. f., Saccolabium longicalcaratum Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Robiquetia spathulata (Blume) J.J. Sm. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Robiquetia succisa (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Cited as: Robiquetia paniculata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm., Saccolabium parvulum Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saccolabiopsis pusilla (Lindl.) Seidenf. & Garay Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sarcoglyphis flava (Hook. f.) Garay Cited as: Saccolabium flavum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus mirabilis Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Satyrium nepalense D. Don Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Shan Schoenorchis fragrans (Parish & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. & Smitin. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J.J. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Seidenfadenia mitrata (Rchb.f.) Garay Cited as: Aerides mitratum Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Smitinandia helferi (Hook. f.) Garay Cited as: Saccolabium helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Smitinandia micrantha (Lindl.) Holtt. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spathoglottis affinis de Vriese Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Spathoglottis bensonii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Spathoglottis handingiana Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Spathoglottis lobbii Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Spathoglottis plicata Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spathoglottis pubescens Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mye-payaung-pan Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Staurochilus ramosus (Lindl.) Seidenf. Cited as: Cleisostoma ramosum Hook. f., Saccolabium flexuosum (Lindl.) Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stauropsis polyantha W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stereochilus erinaceus (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus erinaceus Rchb. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Stereochilus hirtus Lindl. Cited as: Sarcochilus hirtus (Lindl.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Stereochilus laxus (Rchb. f.) Garay Cited as: Sarcanthus laxus Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Sunipia scariosa Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Thecostele alata (Roxb.) Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Thelasis carinata (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Lindl. Cited as: Thelasis triptera Rchb. f. Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 89 Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Aerides lobbii Teijsm. & Binn. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sagalay, Sargalay-thitkwa Thrixspermum centipeda Lour. Cited as: Thrixspermum arachnites (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitkwa-ni-gale Thrixspermum merguense (Hook. f.) Kuntze Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Thrixspermum scortechinii (Hook. f.) Ridl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook. f.) Kuntze Cited as: Sarcochilus hystrix auct., non (Blume) Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Thunia alba Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Kyauk-thitkwa-phyu Thunia bensoniae Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mon Thunia brymeriana Rolfe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thunia candidissima Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thunia marshalliana Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Kyauk-thit-kwa Thunia mastersiana Kranz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Trachoma coarctatum (King & Pantl.) Garay Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trias oblonga Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trias picta Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trias rolfei Stapf Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Trichoglottis bipunctata (Parish & Rchb. f.) Tang & F.T. Wang Cited as: Cleisostoma bipunctatum (Parish & Rchb. f.) Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trichoglottis dawsoniana Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trichoglottis fasciata Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myingya-thitkwa Trichotosia dasyphylla (Parish & Rchb. f.) Kral. Cited as: Eria dasyphylla Parish & Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Trichotosia pulvinata (Lindl.) Kral. Cited as: Eria pulvinata Lindl., Eria rufinula Rchb. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Trichotosia rotundifolia (Ridl.) Kral. Cited as: Eria rotundifolia Ridl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trichotosia velutina (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Kral. Cited as: Eria velutina G. Lodd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Tropidia angulosa Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Tropidia curculigoides Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uncifera verrucosa Summerth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda bensoni Bateman Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Moe-thuza Vanda brunnea Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Monocotyledons: Orchidaceae - Orchidaceae 90 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Nan-nyunt-nwe Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Blue orchid, Moe-lon-hmaing Vanda coerulescens Griff. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Moe-kadaut-pan, Moe-lon- hmaing-gale, Sargalay-ywet-lon Vanda confusa Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda cristata Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Kachin Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thayet-hte-thitkwa Vanda liouvillei Finet Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda moorei Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Vanda petersiana Schltr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda tessellata Hook. ex G. Don Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taukte-thitkwa Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb. f. Cited as: Vanda parviflora Lindl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda vipanii Rchb. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanda vitellina Kranzl. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shwewa-pan Vanda x charlesworthii Rolfe Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandopsis gigantea (Lindl.) Pfitzer Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bayin-ma-thitkwa, Thitkwa-gyi Vandopsis shanica (Phillimore & W.W. Sm.) Garay Cited as: Stauropsis shanica Phillimore & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vanilla aphylla Blume Cited as: Vanilla parishii Rehb. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Vanilla planifolia Andrews Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hpyaw-ye-thitkwa Ventricularia tenuicaulis (Hook. f.) Garay Cited as: Uncifera tenuicaulis (Hook. f.) Holtt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vrydagzynea albida (Blume) Blume Cited as: Vrydagzynea viridiflora Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Trimen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zeuxine flava (Lindl.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Zeuxine goodyeroides Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Pandanaceae Freycinetia angustifolia Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Chin-dan-bin Pandanus burmanicus B.C. Stone Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pandanus foetidus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Monocotyledons: Pandanaceae - Pandanaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 91 Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi, Yangon Habit: Grass Common Name(s): Tawthagyet, Thabaw, Thagyet Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pandanus furcatus Roxb. Acroceras tonkinensis (Balansa) C.E. Hubb. ex Habit: Small tree Bor Distribution: Cultivated Habit: Grass Pandanus graminifolius Kurz Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Shrub Acroceras zizanioides (Kunth) Dandy Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Grass Pandanus laevis Rumph. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Shrub Agropogon littoralis (Sm.) C.E. Hubb. Distribution: Bago Habit: Grass Pandanus minor Buch.-Ham. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Shrub Agrostis burmanica Bor Distribution: Bago Habit: Grass Pandanus odoratissimus L. f. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Small tree Agrostis inaequiglumis Griseb. Distribution: Cultivated Habit: Grass Common Name(s): Sat-thapoo, Sat-thwa-pu Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pandanus odorus Ridl. Agrostis mackliniae Bor Habit: Shrub Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Fragrant screw-pine, Kun- Agrostis micrantha Steud. hmwe, Soon-hmwe . — Habit: Grass Pandanus wallichianus Martelli Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Small tree rae Agrostis stolonifera L. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Bent-grass Philydraceae Alloteropsis cimicina (L.) Stapf Philydrum lanuginosum Banks & Solander ex Habit: Grass Gaertner Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Habit: Aquatic . ; . ta (R. Br.) Hitche. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alloterop sis semialata ( r.) Hitene Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phormiaceae Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. ; a. Habit: Grass Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Distribution: Kachin pe Savaing. Taninthavi Andropogon ascinodis C.B. Clarke * $agalng, y Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Poaceae Common Name(s): Padaw-nyo, Tagu-myet Andropogon brevifolius Sw. Acrachne r aeCTNGSG (B. Heyne ex Roem. & Cited as: Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex Schult.) Ohwi Buse Habit: Grass Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Acrachne verticillata (Roxb.) Chier. Common Name(s): Indaing-myet-kha, Waso-myet Habit: Grass Andropogon burmanicus Bor Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Habit: Grass Acroceras munroanum (Balansa) Henrard Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cited as: Panicum crassiapiculatum Merr. Andropogon fastigiatus Sw. Monocotyledons: Philydraceae - Poaceae 92 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Diectomis fastigiata (Sw.) Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Indaing-myet, Myauk-mya, Myet-gyin Andropogon gerardii Vitman Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Andropogon intermedius R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Andropogon longipes Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Andropogon polyptychos Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Andropogon pumilus Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady Andropogon zollingeri Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aniselytron treutleri (Kuntze) Sojak Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anthoxanthum horsfieldii (Kunth ex Bennett) Mez ex Reeder Cited as: Anthoxanthum clarkei (Hook. f.) Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apluda mutica L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Myet-wa Apocopis anomalus Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apocopis burmanicus Narayanaswami ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Indaing Apocopis cochinchinensis A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apocopis floccosus Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apocopis paleaceus (Trin.) Hochr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Apocopis peguensis Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Apocopis pulcherrimus Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Apocopis royleanus Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Apocopis vaginata Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Apocopis wrightii Munro Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Aristida adscencionis L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristida cumingiana Trin. & Rupr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Aristida depressa Retz. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-tha-min, Thamin-mwe Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Themin-mwe Aristida hystrix L. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristida setacea Retz. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Arthraxon breviaristatus Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Shan Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino Cited as: Arthraxon nudus (Nees ex Steud.) Hochst., Arthraxon submuticus (Nees ex Steud.) Hochst. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Arthraxon lanceolatus (Roxb.) Hochst. Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 93 Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Arundinella bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-walon, Thaman-myet, Yaman-myet, Yaman-nge Arundinella birmanica Hook. f. Cited as: Arundinella setosa Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-pauk, Padat-myet, Thaman-myet Arundinella ciliata (Roxb.) Nees ex Miq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Arundinella fuscata Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Arundinella hispida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kuntze Cited as: Arundinella brasiliensis Raddi Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pyaungsa-gale Arundinella holcoides (Kunth) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Arundinella hookeri Munro ex Keng Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arundinella nepalensis Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud. Cited as: Arundinella tenella Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Arundo donax L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Alo-kyu, Kyu, Kyu-ma, Nana cane, Spanish cane Avena sativa L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Oats, Ok-gyon Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Blanket grass, Carpet grass, Hngetdaw-ni Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm. Cited as: Axonopus affinis A. Chase Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Bambusa affinis Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thishe, Wabwe, Wa-byauk Bambusa atra Lindl. Cited as: Bambusa lineata Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Bambusa balcooa Roxb. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss Cited as: Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyakat-wa, Nga-chat-wa, Spiny bamboo Bambusa binghami Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyakat, Wa-chat Bambusa burmanica Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chat-wa, Hnee-wa, Tabin- daing-anet, Thaik-wa, Thaik-wa-gyi, Wa-ya Bambusa griffithiana Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wa-myin Bambusa jaintiana R.B. Majumdar Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Rakhine Bambusa kingiana Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thaik-wabo Bambusa kyathaungtu E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 94 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Kyathaung-tu-thaik-tu Bambusa longispiculata Gamble ex Brandis Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ta-bin-daing-wa Bambusa marginata Munro Cited as: Dinochloa marginata (Munro) Brandis Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Wa-me, Wa-thabut Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. & Schult. f. Cited as: Bambusa nana Roxb. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Dwarf bamboo, Palaw-pinan- wa Bambusa oliveriana Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Sinmi-du, Wapyu-gale, Wapyu- san Bambusa pallida Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gya-wa Bambusa polymorpha Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Kyathaung-wa Bambusa sinthana E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay Common Name(s): Sinthana Bambusa teres Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Tabin-daing-wa Bambusa thalaw-wa E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thalaw-wa Bambusa tulda Roxb. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Chat-wa, Talagu-wa, Thaik-wa Bambusa tuldoides Munro Cited as: Bambusa ventricosa McClure Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bamboo, Pa-ma-htan-wa Bambusa villosula Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ta-bin-daing-wa Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Golden bamboo, Shwe-wa Bambusa wamin E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Wamin Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T. Blake Cited as: Bothriochloa intermedia (R. Br.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-hmwe, Scented grass Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Padaw-pyu, Pitted blue grass, Sour grass Bothriochloa wrightii (Hack.) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pyaung-wa-gokto Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Brachiaria burmanica Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Brachiaria erucaeformis (Sm.) Griseb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ducho-myet, Kyauk-padaw- myet Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Para grass, Than-ma-nii-myet Capillipedium assimile (Steud. ex Zoll.) A. Camus Cited as: Capillipedium glaucopsis (W. Watson) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 95 Common Name(s): Kyauk-wa Capillipedium huegelii (Hack.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Capillipedium parviflorum (R. Br.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Pyaung-sa Cenchrus prieurii (Kunth) Maire Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Cenchrus setigera Vahl Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Centotheca lappacea (L.) Desv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Linmway-thaik-alat Cephalostachyum burmanicum R. Parker & C.E. Parkinson Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyat-wa Cephalostachyum capitatum Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Cephalostachyum flavescens Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Cephalostachyum latifolium Munro Cited as: Cephalostachyum fuchsianum Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Gya-wa Cephalostachyum pallidum Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wa-tin-hka Cephalostachyum pergracile Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Paung-thin-wa, Tin-wa Cephalostachyum scandens Bor Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cephalostachyum virgatum Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kya-wa, Thayaw-wa, Wa-ba, Wa-byauk, Wa-kha Chimonobambusa armata (Gamble) J.R. Xue & T.P. Yi Cited as: Arundinaria armata Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Chimonocalamus burmaensis (C.S. Chao & Renvoize) D.Z. Li Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Chimonocalamus callosus (Munro) Hsueh & Yi Cited as: Arundinaria phar Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin Chimonocalamus gallatlyi (Gamble) Hsueh & Y1 Cited as: Chimonobambusa gallatlyi (Gamble) Nakai Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Chimonocalamus griffithianus (Munro) Hsueh & Yi Cited as: Arundinaria griffithiana Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Mon Chionachne koenigii (Spreng.) Thwaites Cited as: Coix koenigii Spreng. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyeik, Myet-thauk, Myet-ya- gyi Chionachne semiteris (Benth.) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Badeik-myet Chloris barbata Sw. Cited as: Chloris inflata Link Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Lay-gwa-myet, Laygwa-myet, Myet-kaya, Myet-khaya, Sin-ngo-myet, Sinngo- myet Chloris burmensis D.E. Anderson Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chloris gayana Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rhodes grass Chloris pycnothrix Trin. Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 96 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Mandalay Chloris roxburghiana Schult. Cited as: Chloris polystachya Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Chloris virgata Sw. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Yangon Common Name(s): Feathergrass Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Love grass, Maungyin-ngo, Myauk-mya, Naukpo-myet, Spear grass, Yon- hmwe-ngon-myet Chrysopogon distichophyllus (Hook. f.) D. Rhind Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Chrysopogon fulvus (Spreng.) Chiov. Cited as: Chrysopogon montanus Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ngon-myet Chrysopogon orientalis (Desv.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Chrysopogon polyphyllus (Hack. ex Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Chrysopogon zeylanicus (Nees ex Steud.) Thwaites Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty Cited as: Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kaing-de-o-bok, Khas-khas grass, Myet-myit-hmwe, Panyin-myet-hmwe Coelachne brachiata Munro ex Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Coelachne pulchella R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Coelachne simpliciuscula (Wight & Arn. ex Steud.) Munro ex Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Coix aquatica Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Coix gigantea J. Koenig ex Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyeik, Kyeik-kaing Coix lacryma-jobi L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Job's tears, Ka-leik, Kalein, Kalein-thi, Kyeik Coix puellarum Balansa Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coix stenocarpa (Oliv.) Balansa Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lemon grass, Sabalin Cymbopogon clandestinus (Nees ex Steud.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-sat, Scented grass Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook. f.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Sedan, Thapangaing Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) J.F. Watson Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Sabahn Cymbopogon gidarba (Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon khasianus (Munro ex Hack.) Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis Soenarko Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 97 Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Myet-kyet-thun, Rose grass, Rusa grass, Sabalin Cymbopogon microstachys (Hook. f.) Soenarko Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Citronella grass, Kaingbyu-mi, Myet-hmwe, Sabalin-hmwe, Singu-myet Cymbopogon nervatus (Hochst.) Chiov. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon pendulus (Nees ex Steud.) Wats. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway Cymbopogon polyneuros (Steud.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-kyet-thun Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Cymbopogon traninhensis (A. Camus) S. Soenarko Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cymbopogon virgatus Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Myet-nan, Myet-sat Cynodon arcuatus J. Presl| Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Habit: Grass Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bermuda grass, Doob grass, Mye-sa, Myin-sar-myet Cyrtococcum accrescens (Trin.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet Cyrtococcum longipes (Wight & Arn. ex Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst. ex Steud.) Stapf Cited as: Panicum pilipes Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pa-taw-myet Cyrtococcum radicans (Retz.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Didok-chi, Myet-lay-gwa Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana (Munro) Keng f. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Shan Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne Cited as: Dendrocalamus flagellifer Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyalu-wa Dendrocalamus birmanicus A. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Shan Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyalo-wa, Taung-wabo, Wa- bo, Wa-payaung Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Kurz) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Wa-bo, Wa-gyi Dendrocalamus collettianus Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Shan Dendrocalamus copelandii (Gamble ex Brandis) N.H. Xia & Stapleton Cited as: Bambusa copelandii Gamble ex Brandis Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Wa-gyi Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. ex Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 98 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Giant bamboo, Wabo-gyi Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Wabo-myet-sangye, Wabo-nwe Dendrocalamus hookeri Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wabo-e Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Wa-bo, Wa-ni Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyaukwa-ame, Wa-myin, Wa- pyaw Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Black bamboo, Tabindaing-wa, Talagu-wa, Wanet, Waya Dendrocalamus membranaceus Munro Cited as: Oxytenanthera lacei Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmyin-phyu, Hmyin-wa, Hmyinwa-aphyu, Hmyin-wa-gyi, Wa-phyu, Wa- phyu-gyi, White bamboo Dendrocalamus messeri Blatter Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Wabo-e Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmyin-wa, Male bamboo Dendrocalamus wabo E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shan-wa-bo Desmostachys bipinnata (L.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Harvill Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-hmwe, Myet-hmya, Padaw-ni Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus Cited as: Andropogon caricosus L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Indaing-myet-kha, Padaw-n1, Padaw-nyo Dichanthium theinlwinii Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Digitaria abludens (Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp Cited as: Digitaria pedicellaris (Trin. ex Hook. f.) Prain Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Cited as: Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Crab grass, Nwa-che-myet, Nwa-chi-myet Digitaria compacta (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Veldkamp Cited as: Paspalum compactum Roth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon Digitaria fibrosa (Hack.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet- pya Digitaria fuscescens (J. Presl) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Digitaria horizontalis Willd. Cited as: Digitaria pruriens (Fisch. ex Trin.) Buse, Panicum sanguinale L., Paspalum sanguinale (L.) Lam. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Byaing-chi-myet, Crab grass, Myet-naya, Myet-sok, Nwa-che-myet Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. Cited as: Paspalum ambiguum DC. Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Digitaria jubata (Griseb.) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Digitaria perrottetii (Kunth) Stapf Cited as: Milium minutiflorum Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Digitaria radicosa (Presl) Miq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon Digitaria siamensis Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Digitaria stricta Roth Cited as: Digitaria royleana (Nees ex Hook. f.) Prain Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Digitaria ternata (A. Rich.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Digitaria tomentosa (Koen. ex Rottl.) Henrard Cited as: Panicum subeglume Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Digitaria violascens Link Cited as: Digitaria chinensis A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) Fischer Cited as: Dimeria pusilla Thwaites Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dimeria fuscescens Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Dimeria hohenackeri Hochst. ex Miq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Dimeria keenanii Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Dimeria kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Dawe-hmwe Dimeria leptorhachis Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Dimeria ornithopoda Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dimeria tenera Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Dimeria velutina (Hack.) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Dinochloa andamanica Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Wa-nwe Dinochloa maclellandii (Munro) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sin-nin-wa, Wa-nwe, Wa- thabut Drepanostachyum khasianum (Munro) P.C. Keng Cited as: Chimonobambusa khasiana (Munro) Nakai Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Chin-wa Drepanostachyum kurzii (Gamble) Pandey ex D.N. Tewari Cited as: Arundinaria kurzii Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Be-sa-myet, Be-sar-myet, Be- sat-myet, Billion dollar grass, Jungle rice, Pazun-sa-myet, Winnbe-sa-myet, Wunba-sa- myet, Wun-be-sar Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Barnyard grass, Bawt-nyo- myet, Myet-cho, Myet-thi Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Echinochloa frumentacea Link Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 99 100 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-thi Echinochloa scabra (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-kua, Myet-thi Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin Common Name(s): Gyo-ni, Sat-ni Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-thakwa, Se-gwa, Sin- myet, Sinngo-myet Elytrophorus spicatus (Willd.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Enneapogon schimperanus (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Renvoize Cited as: Enneapogon elegans (Nees) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Lag.) Keng ex Lazarides Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Enteropogon monostachyus (Vahl) K. Schum. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-hmwe, Scented grass Eragrostiella collettii (Stapf) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Nees Cited as: Eragrostis plumosa (Retz.) Link, Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Indaing-myet, Myet-hmon- hmwa, Yon-gale Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Eragrostis barbulata Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thaman-myet Eragrostis barrelieri Dav. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Mediterranean lovegrass Eragrostis brownii Nees Cited as: Eragrostis zeylanica Nees & Meyen Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Thaman-myet Eragrostis burmanica Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Eragrostis ciliata (Roxb.) Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostis coarctata Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostis cumingii Steud. Cited as: Eragrostis distans Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostis diandra Roxb. ex Boiss. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostis ferruginea (Thunb. ex Murray) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Eragrostis gangetica (Roxb.) Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Gyo-gya-myet Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin. Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 101 Cited as: Eragrostis diarrhena (Schult. & Schult. f.) Steud., Eragrostis interrupta P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): De-o-myet, Kaing-paungka, Myet-de-o-bok Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Eragrostis minor Host Cited as: Eragrostis poaeoides P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-thin-don Eragrostis montana Balansa Cited as: Eragrostis malayana Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Eragrostis nigra Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-thin-don Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eragrostis papposa (Duff. ex Roem. & Schult.) Steud, Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-hmwa-gyi, Myet-wa-lon Eragrostis plana Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eragrostis riparia (Willd.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway Eragrostis spicata Vasey Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon, Yangon Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Hochst. ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eragrostis theinlwinii Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Eragrostis virescens Pres] Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon Eremochloa bimaculata Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sat-loo Eremochloa ciliaris (L.) Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Sat-loo Eremochloa ciliatifolia Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Eremochloa muricata (Retz.) Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Eremopogon delavayi (Hack.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eremopogon foveolatus (Delile) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyauk-padaw, Padaw-ni Eriachne pallescens R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Eriachne triseta Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erianthus chrysothrix Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thekke-gyi Erianthus fulvus Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erianthus hookeri Hack. Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 102 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mwe-gyi, Taung-kaing, Yinke- mwe Erianthus longisetosus Andersson Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Rakhine Erianthus procerus (Roxb.) Raizada Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erianthus ravennae (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Indaing-thekke, Mwe-gale, Thekke Erianthus rockii Keng Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erianthus rufipilus (Steud.) Griseb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erianthus wardii Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Eriochloa nubica (Steud.) Hack. & Stapf ex Thell. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-dattha, Myet-kha, Myet- kyein Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv. ex Buch.-Ham. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eulalia biconuta Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Eulalia birmanica (Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Eulalia fimbriata (Hack.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Eulalia hirtifolia (Hack.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eulalia manipurensis Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eulalia pallens (Hack.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Eulalia phaeothrix (Hack.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Eulalia quadrinervis (Hack.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Eulalia speciosa (Debeaux) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Shan Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Thekke-gale Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thaman-myet Eustachys distichophylla (Lag.) Nees Cited as: Chloris dolichostachya Lag. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Festuca burmanica E.B. Alexeev Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Garnotia normanii V. Prakash & S.K. Jain Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Garnotia patula (Munro) Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Garnotia stricta Brongn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Garnotia tenella (Arn. ex Mig.) Janowski Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Germainia khasiana Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Germainia lanipes Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Gigantochloa apus (Schult. & Schult. f.) Kurz Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 103 Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Goba-wa, Wa-do Gigantochloa auriculata (Kurz) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thaik-wa Gigantochloa compressa R. Parker Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Talagu-wa Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer ex K. Heyne Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin Gigantochloa kachinensis E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kachin-wa, Wa-net Gigantochloa kathaensis E.G, Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Katha-wa Gigantochloa macrostachya Kurz Cited as: Oxytenanthera macrostachya (Kurz) Brandis Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tabindaing-wa, Taik-thada-wa, Wa-bauk, Wa-pyu, Wa-pyu-gyi Gigantochloa manggong E.A. Widjaja Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Buse) Kurz Cited as: Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (Buse) Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nat-wa, Wa-ba, Wa-thaik, Wa- ya Gigantochloa tekserah E.G, Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gigantochloa toungooensis E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Kachin Common Name(s): Taungoo-wa Gigantochloa verticillata (Willd.) Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Wa-pyu Gigantochloa wanet E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wa-net Gigantochloa wrayi Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gigantochloa wunthoensis E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Wuntho-wa Gigantochloa yunzalinensis E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kayin Common Name(s): Yunzalin-wa Guadua macrostachya Rupr. Cited as: Bambusa macrostachya (Rupr.) McClure Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Sagaing Gymnopogon delicatulus (C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f.) Bor Cited as: Chloris delicatula C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Helictotrichon burmanicum Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemarthria compressa (L. f.) R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-kyein Hemarthria longiflora (Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-min Hemarthria protensa Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Hemisorghum mekongense (A. Camus) C.E. Hubb. Cited as: Sorghum mekongense A, Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mwe-lein, Mwe-lein-myet Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 104 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Heteropogon ritchiei (Hook. f.) Blatt. & McCann Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Heteropogon triticeus (R. Br.) Stapf ex Craib Cited as: Heteropogon insignis Thwaites Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Indaing-myauk-ni Hordeum vulgare L. Cited as: Hordeum hexastichon L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin Common Name(s): Barley, Byit-gyon, Gyon-saba, Ma-yaw Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex Wight & Arn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees Cited as: Panicum amplexicaule Rudge Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Bawh-myet, Dal grass, Phawt- myet Hymenachne assamica (Hook. f.) Hitche. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Hymenachne pseudointerrupta C. Muell. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hyparrhenia filipendula (Hochst.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ichnanthus pallens (Sw.) Munro ex Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Imperata conferta (J. Presl) Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Imperata contracta (Kunth) Hitche. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thekke Imperata exaltata Brongn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thekke-gyi Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thekke-kyet-mi Indochloa clarkei (Hack.) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Indochloa oligantha (Hochst. ex Steud.) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Isachne buettneri Hack. Cited as: /sachne albens Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Rakhine Isachne clarkei Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Isachne confusa Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tsachne dispar Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Yetthe-mankha Isachne elegans Dalzell Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze Cited as: /sachne australis R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Letthe-zaung-myet Isachne himalaica Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Isachne javana (Nees ex Steud.) Nees ex Mig. Habit: Grass Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Tsachne kinabaluensis Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tsachne miliacea Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-waing Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 105 Isachne rigida Nees ex Miq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Isachne scabrosa Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ischaemum burmanicum Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ischaemum duthiei Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Ischaemum goebelii Hack. Cited as: Jschaemum aristatum L., Ischaemum imbricatum (Hack.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pyaungsa-myet, Thon-tin-gwa Ischaemum hirtum Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ischaemum lacei Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Ischaemum mangaluricum (Hack.) Stapf ex Fischer Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Ischaemum molle Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thon-tin-gwa Ischaemum muticum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Ischaemum nilagiricum Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kagyi-the-myet, Nga-thayaung, Tetkwet Ischaemum timorense Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago Ischaemum tumidum Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Iseilema argutum (Nees ex Steud.) Andersson Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Tseilema laxum Hack. ex Duthie Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Magway Iseilema prostratum (L.) Andersson Habit: Grass Distribution: Sagaing Jansenella griffithiana (C. Muell.) Bor Cited as: Danthoniopsis griffithiana Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Klemachloa detinens R. Parker Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Leersia hexandra Sw. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thaman-myet Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Daung-myet, Myet-kha, Myet- sat Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth Cited as: Diplachne fusca P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-cho Leptochloa neesii (Thwaites) Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway Common Name(s): Myet-cho Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hman-pwa, Myet-cho Lophatherum gracile Brongn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Loudetia flammida (Trin.) C.E. Hubb. Cited as: Trichopteryx flammida Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Manisuris compressa (L. f.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Venezrula grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 106 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Melocalamus compactiflorus (Kurz) Benth. Cited as: Dinochloa compactiflora (Kurz) McClure Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kale-o, Usawi, Wa-nwe, Wa- nwe-gok Melocanna arundina C.E. Parkinson Cited as: Melocanna humilis Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Kayin-wa-gale, Ta-bin-daing- gale Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz Cited as: Melocanna bambusoides Trin. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kauaung-wa, Kayaung-wa, Kayin-wa, Khak-chat-dun, Mam-rua, Ta-bin- daing-wa, Tabindaing-wa Microchloa indica (L. f.) P. Beauv. Cited as: Microchloa setacea R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Microchloa kunthii Desv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microstegium ciliatum (Trin.) A. Camus Cited as: Microstegium monanthum A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pyaung-sa Microstegium delicatulum (Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Microstegium eucnemis (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus Cited as: Microstegium brandisii (Hook. f.) D. Rhind Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pyaungsa-gyi, Pyaung-sar-gyi Microstegium nudum (Trin.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin Microstegium petiolare (Trin.) Bor Cited as: Ischaemum petiolare (Trin.) Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Microstegium stapfii (Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Rakhine, Sagaing Microstegium vagans (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pyaung-sa-gale Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin Miscanthus floridulus Warb. ex K. Schum. & Lauterb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Thaphut Miscanthus fuscus (Roxb.) Benth. Cited as: Sclerostachya fusca (Roxb.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kaing-ni, Myet-cho, Thingyan- kaing, Yin Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mnesithea clarkei (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Mnesithea glandulosa (Trin.) de Koning & Sosef Cited as: Coelorachis glandulosa Stapf ex Ridl. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mnesithea granularis (L.) de Koning & Sosef Cited as: Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, Hackelochloa porifera (Hack.) Rhind Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kon-thaman, Myet-hmwe-sok, War-so-myet, Waso-myet Mnesithea helferi (Hook. f.) de Koning & Sosef Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mnesithea khasiana (Hack.) de Koning & Sosef Cited as: Coelorachis khasiana Stapf ex Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Yam Mnesithea mergensis (Hook. f.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 107 Mnesithea pulcherrima (Kunth) de Koning & Sosef Cited as: Ratzburghia pulcherrima Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Mnesithea rupincola Ridl. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Mnesithea striata (Nees ex Steud.) de Koning & Sosef Cited as: Coelorachis striata (Nees ex Steud.) A. Camus, Rottboellia striata Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kaing, Myet-payaung, Paungsa-gyi, Pazunza-gyi, Taung-kaing Muhlenbergia huegelii Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myriostachya wightiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook. f. Cited as: Eragrostis wightiana Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Narenga fallax (Balansa) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Narenga porphyrocoma (Hance ex Trimen) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thekke-gyi Neohouzeaua dullooa (Gamble) A. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthay1 Common Name(s): Thabut-wa, Thaik-wabo, Wa- zun Neohouzeaua helferi (Munro) Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thaw-hkai, Thawkhwwe, Wa- nwe, Wa-se, Wa-thabut Neohouzeaua stricta R. Parker Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tapat-wa, Thabut-wa Neohouzeaua tavoyana Gamble Cited as: Schizostachyum tavoyanum (Gamble) H.B. Naithani & Bennet Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Dawe-wa Neyraudia arundinacea (L.) Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Kyu, Kyun-na-bin-paung Neyraudia madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchce. Habit: Grass Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyu, Kyun-nabin-kaing Ophiuros exaltatus (L.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Ophiuros megaphyllus Stapf ex Haines Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyathaung-myet, Letmwe- thaik, Myet-letthe Oplismenus compositus (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-letthe Oropetium thomaeum (L. f.) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Oryza brachyantha A. Chev. & Roehr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Saba-yaing Oryza coarctata Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Saba-yaing, Wild rice Oryza latifolia Desv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oryza meyeriana (Zoll. & Moritzi) Baill. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oryza minuta J. Pres| Cited as: Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt. Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 108 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nat-saba Oryza nivara $.D. Sharma & Shastry Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Saba-yaing Oryza ridleyi Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oryza rufipogon Griff. Habit: Grass Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kaung-hnyin-saba, Nga-papgyi Oryza sativa L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rice, Saba Ottochloa nodosa (Kunth) Dandy Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Wayon-myet Oxytenanthera albociliata Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Wa-gauk, Wa-gok, Wa-nwe, Wa-pyu, Wa-yu Panicum antidotale Retz. Cited as: Panicum miliare Lam. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gyo-lu, Little millet, Myet-lu, Poe-thay-myet Panicum auritum J. Presl ex Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ye-saba-myet Panicum brevifolium L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Panicum cambogiense Balansa Cited as: Panicum cruciabile A. Chase Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Panicum compactum Roth Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Panicum curviflorum Hornem. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Smooth witchgrass Panicum elegantissimum Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Panicum humidorum Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Panicum humile Nees ex Steud. Cited as: Panicum austro-asiaticum Ohwi Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Pyaungsa-myet Panicum hydaspicum Edgew. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Panicum incomtum Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Panicum luzonense Pres| Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Panicum miliaceum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Common millet, Lu Panicum montanum Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Wayon-myet Panicum notatum Retz. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Panicum paludosum Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Panicum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribn. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Panicum phragmitoides Stapf Cited as: Panicum trypheron Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Panicum repens L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kayah, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-kha Panicum reverchoni Vasey Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 109 Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Panicum sarmentosum Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-kha Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Panicum psilopodium Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Panicum tuberculatum J. Pres| Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Paspalidium flavidum (Retz.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Sin-ngo-myet Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Paspalum commersonii Lam. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Paspalum compressum Raf. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Buffalo grass, Pyaung-sa, Sour grass Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Hairy paspalum, Squat paspalum Paspalum distichum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kikuyu grass, Silt grass Paspalum longifolium Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kodo millet, Myet-khayan Paspalum notatum Fluegge Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Bahia grass, Water couch Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Cited as: Paspalum orbiculare Forst. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-khayan Paspalum vaginatum Sw, Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Biscuit grass, Kikuyu grass Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Cited as: Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bulrush millet, Kala-sat, Khwe- mi-pok, Pearl millet, Spiked millet Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Pennisetum orientale L.C. Rich. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Pennisetum pennisetiformis (Hochst. & Steud.) Wipff Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon, Yangon Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Elephant grass, Napier grass Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich. Cited as: Pennisetum hordeiforme Spreng. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-kha Pennisetum villosum R. Br. ex Fresen. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kikuyu grass Perotis hordeiformis Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Perotis indica (L.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Baing-daung, Khwe-ami Phacelurus zea (C.B. Clarke) Clayton Cited as: Thyrsia zea (C.B. Clarke) Stapf Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 110 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pyaung-kaing Phalaris arundinacea L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Phragmites vallatoria (L.) Veldkamp Cited as: Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyu, Kyu-a, Kyu-kaing, Kyu- wa-kaing Phyllostachys mannii Gamble Cited as: Phyllostachys assamica Gamble ex Brandis, Phyllostachys bawa Brandis ex E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bawa, Mepwe, Sedan-wa Phyllostachys sedan E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Mai-pang-puk, Sedan-wa Poa annua L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Poa attenuata Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Poa burmanica Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Poa nephelophila Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Poa spontanea Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin Pogonatherum crinitum (Thunb.) Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Pogonatherum paniceum (Lam.) Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bamboo grass, Kyauk-myet, Kyauk-wa Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Polypogon interruptus Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polypogon littoralis Sm. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Polytoca digitata (L. f.) Druce Cited as: Polytoca heteroclita Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-ya Polytoca wallichiana (Nees ex Steud.) Benth. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-ya, Myet-yan, Nar-ya, Nar-ya-kaing Polytrias amaura (Buse) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp Cited as: [schaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Paung-sa-myet, Smut grass Pseudanthistiria burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Shan Pseudobambusa kurzii (Munro) Ohrnb. Cited as: Bambusa schizostachyoides (Kurz) Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pseudopogonatherum contortum (Brongn.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pseudopogonatherum irritans (R. Br.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Wall. ex Griff.) Griff. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Pseudoraphis minuta (Mez) Pilg. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Pseudoraphis spinescens (R. Br.) Vickery Cited as: Andropogon squarrosus L. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-myit-hmwe, Pan-yin Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Roxb.) A. Camus Cited as: Andropogon fascicularis Roxb. Habit: Grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 11] Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-gyin, Padaw-ni, Sudan grass Pseudostachyum polymorphum Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Bauk-wa, Ba-wa, Pauk-wa, Wani-ba Pseudostachyum wakha E.G. Camus Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wa-kha Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata (Munro) T.Q. Nguyen Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kachin, Shan Pseudoxytenanthera hosseusii (Pilg.) T.Q. Nguyen Cited as: Oxytenanthera hosseusii Pilg. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Hmyin-wa Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Soderstr. & R.P. Ellis Cited as: Oxytenanthera monadelpha (Thwaites) Alst. Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyaung-wa-ame Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia (Brandis ex Gamble) T.Q. Nguyen Cited as: Oxytenanthera parvifolia Brandis ex Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thaiktu-hmyintu, Wa-mo Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Ripidium arundinaceum (Retz.) Grass] Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Elephant grass, Pyaung-kaing, Pyaung-sa, Sit-kaing Ripidium procerum (Roxb.) Grass] Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaing-pyaung, Paung-gyi, Paung-kaing Rottboellia exaltata L. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-ya, Myet-ya-nge Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. Cited as: Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bok-kaing, Elephant grass, Paung-sa, Phaung-kaing, Pyaung-kaing, Sit- kaing Saccharum bengalense Retz. Cited as: Saccharum munja Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hpyu-sar-myet, Pin reed grass Saccharum officinarum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyan, Sugarcane Saccharum sinense Roxb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kyan Saccharum spontaneum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Kaing, Kyan-sein-gale, Thekke-gyi Sacciolepis birmahica Raizada Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sacciolepis indicus (L.) Chase Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet Sacciolepis interrupta (Willd.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-win-poo Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) Chase ex E.G. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schizachyrium exile (Hochst.) Pilg. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 112 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Schizostachyum blumei Nees Cited as: Schizostachyum longispiculatum Kurz Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Rakhine Schizostachyum distans (C.E. Parkinson) H.B. Naithani & Bennet Cited as: Dendrochloa distans C.E. Parkinson Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kamyin-wa, Ta-bin-daing-wa, Tabindaing-wa, Tamyin-wa Schizostachyum rogersii Brandis Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Scrotochloa urceolata (Roxb.) Judz. Cited as: Leptaspis urceolata R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Sehima nervosa (Rottler) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway Sehima sulcatum (Hack.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Setaria corrugata Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Setaria forbesiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Katsi-hne Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayah, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Foxtail millet, Italian millet, Sat Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) Dur. & Schinz Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Setaria palmifolia (Koenig) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaingsan-mi, Pazun-ta-bet- myet Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguelen Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth Cited as: Setaria sulcata Raddi Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Setaria lutescens (Weigel. ex Stuntz) F.T. Hubb., Seraria pallidefusca (Schum.) Stapf ex C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bottle grass, Knwemi-ani, Khwemi-apyu, Khwemi-pok, Kyaugmi, Pigeon grass, Yon-sa Setaria punctata (Burm. f.) Veldkamp Cited as: Paspalidium punctatum (Burm.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf ex C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Myet-naya, Nayar-myet Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Cited as: Andropogon sorghum (L.) Brot., Sorghum nigricans (Ruiz & Pav.) Snowden, Sorghum roxburghii Stapf, Sorghum splendidum (Hack.) Snowden, Sorghum subglabrescens (Steud.) Schweinf. & Asch. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Great Indian millet, Guinea corn, Hnan-pyaung, Kala-lettok, Kala-pyaung, Kun-pyaung, Kun-pyaung-net, Kun-pyaung- pyu, Paung-net, Pyaung, Pyaung-kaukhnyin, Pyaungsa-myet, Pyaung-si, Saccoline-pyaung, San-pyaung, Sudan grass, Thidok-lettok, Waythali-mya-mahlaing, Waythali-thigye Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 113 Sorghum burmahicum Raizada Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorghum conspicuum Snowden Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway Common Name(s): Cuba grass, Johnson grass, Pyaung-myet-pyu Sorghum nervosum Nees ex Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorghum nitidum (Vahl) Pers. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kadaw-myet, Kayin-myet, Naya-myet, Naya-nge, Pyaung-sar-myet Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kala-pyaung Sorghum zollingeri (Steud.) Roberty Habit: Grass Distribution: Wide Sphaerocaryum malaccense (Trin.) Pilg. Cited as: Jsachne pulchella Roth ex Roem, & Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Spinifex littoreus (Burm. f.) Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Spodiopogon lacei Hole Habit: Grass Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay Sporobolus capillaris Miq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Rakhine Sporobolus collettii (Hook. f.) Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Myet-hmon-hma Sporobolus diander (Retz.) P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Sporobolus elongatus R. Br. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) Clayton Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sporobolus glaucifolius (Hochst. ex Steud.) Hochst. ex T. Durand & Schinz Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-san, The-myet Sporobolus harmandii Henrard Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sporobolus helvolus (Trin.) T. Durand & Schinz Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sporobolus humilis J. Pres| Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Cited as: Sporobolus tenacissimus Kunth Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Sporobolus pyramidalis P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Sporobolus sindicus Stapf ex T. Cooke Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Sporobolus tetragonus Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sporobolus wallichii Munro ex Trimen Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Stenotaphrum helferi Munro ex Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Teinostachyum griffithii Munro Cited as: Cephalostachyum griffithii (Munro) Kurz, Neohouzeaua griffithii Munro Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Thelepogon elegans Roth Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Themeda arguens (L.) Hack. Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae 114 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Themeda arundinacea (Roxb.) Ridl. Habit: Grass Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kaing-deo-bok Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Themeda caudata (Nees) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Themeda gigantea Hack. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Saing-lon, Thekke-min Themeda laxa (Andersson) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay Themeda triandra Forssk. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myauk-mi, Myet-swe-le Themeda villosa (Poir.) A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Saing-lon, Thekke-min Themeda x intermedia T. Durand & B.D. Jacks. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kaing-deo-bok, Kaing-swe-le, Myauk-mi, Myet-swe-le, Tetke-myet Themeda x subsericans (Nees ex Steud.) Rid. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thyrsostachys oliveri Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Sinmi-tu, Sin-nidu, Thana-wa, Wa-ni Thyrsostachys siamensis (Kurz ex Munro) Gamble Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Htiyo-wa, Kyaung-wa, Ti-yo- wa Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Tabyetsi, Tamyetse Trachys muricata (L.) Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Kayin, Magway Tragus roxburghii Panigrahi Cited as: Tragus biflorus Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Yon-gale, Yon-hle Trilobachne cookei (Stapf) Schneck ex Henrard Cited as: Polytoca cookei Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway Tripogon bromoides Roth ex Roem. & Schult. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tripogon capillatus Jaub. & Spach Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago Tripogon trifidus Munro ex Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Kachin Tripogon wardii Bor Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Triraphis madagascariensis (Kunth) Hook. f. ex Prain Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kaing Triticum aestivum L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gyon, Summer wheat Triticum durum Desf. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gyon, Macaroni wheat, Tama- gauk-gyon Urochloa distachya (L.) T.Q. Nguyen Cited as: Brachiaria distachya (L.) Stapf, Panicum miliforme Presl, Panicum subquadriparum Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Armgrass millet, Byaing-chi, Green summer grass Monocotyledons: Poaceae - Poaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 115 Urochloa glumaris (Trin.) Veldkamp Cited as: Brachiaria paspaloides (Presl) C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Crab grass Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R.D. Webster Cited as: Panicum maximum Jacq. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Guinea grass Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy Cited as: Echinochloa notabile (Hook. f.) Rhind Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mwe-zok-myet, Wayon-myet Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen Cited as: Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-pasit Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf Cited as: Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. & C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Be-sa-myet Urochloa setigera (Retz.) Stapf Cited as: Brachiaria setigera (Retz.) C.E. Hubb. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanbalu Urochloa trichopus (Hochst.) Stapf Cited as: Panicum trichopus Hochst. Habit: Grass Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay: Urochloa villosa (Lam.) T.Q. Nguyen Cited as: Brachiaria villosa A. Camus Habit: Grass Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyosa-myet Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. Habit: Grass Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Yakirra foliolosa (Munro ex Hook. f.) Clayton Cited as: Ichnanthus foliolosus Munro ex Hook. f. Habit: Grass Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Yushania burmanica T.P. Yi Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Yushania elegans (Kurz) R.B. Majumdar Cited as: Sinobambusa elegans (Kurz) C.S. Chao & S.A. Renvoize Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Yushania racemosa (Munro) R.B. Majumdar Cited as: Arundinaria racemosa Munro Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Yushania wardii (Bor) J.J.N. Campbell ex Ohrnb. Cited as: Arundinaria wardii Bor Habit: Bamboo Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zea mays L. Habit: Grass Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Maize, Pyaung-bu Zizania latifolia Turcz. Habit: Grass Distribution: Shan Zizania texana Hitche. Habit: Grass Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Texas wild rice, Yay-phyaung- phu Zoysia japonica Steud. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. Habit: Grass Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. Habit: Grass Distribution: Yangon Pontederiaceae Eichhornia azurea Kunth Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayah, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Padauk-sat Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Beda-pin, Million dollar weed, Water hyacinth Monocotyledons: Pontederiaceae - Pontederiaceae 116 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Monochoria elata Ridley Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monochoria hastaefolia Pres} Cited as: Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Le-padauk Monochoria ovata Kunth Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Le-padauk Monochoria vaginalis (Presl) Kunth Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Beda, Kadauk-sat Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton indicus Roxb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Potamogeton lucens L. Cited as: Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton natans L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Potamogeton nodosus Poir. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Potamogeton obtusifolius Mertens & W.D.J. Koch Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton pectinatus L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton pusillus L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton rufescens Schrad. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schlecht. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potamogeton wrightii Morong Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Ruppia maritima L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ruppia rostellata Koch ex Reichenb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilacaceae Smilax aspera L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Smilax aspericaulis Wall. ex A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Smilax biumbellata Koyama Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax china L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax corbularia Kunth Cited as: Smilax peguana A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax elegans Wall. ex Kunth Cited as: Smilax parviflora Wall. ex Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax ferox Wall. ex Kunth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Smilax glabra Wall. ex Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Katcho-gyi Smilax griffithii A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kat-cho Smilax hemsleyana Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax lanceifolia Roxb. Cited as: Smilax micropoda A. DC, Habit: Climber/Creeper Monocotyledons: Potamogetonaceae - Smilacaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 117 Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Smilax lebrunii Leveille Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Smilax leucophylla Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Smilax longebracteolata Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Smilax luzonensis Presl Cited as: Smilax helferi A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Smilax macrophylla Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Katcho, Ku-Ku Smilax megacarpa A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax megalantha Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Smilax menispermoidea A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax multiflora A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Smilax munita 8.C. Chen Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax myosotiflora A. DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax myrtillus A. DC, Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Smilax ocreata A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax perfoliata Lour. Cited as: Smilax prolifera Wall. ex Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sein-nabaw Smilax pottingeri Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax quadrata A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Sein-na-baw Smilax roxburghiana Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Smilax zeylanica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemonaceae Stemona burkillii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Thamya Stemona griffithiana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Stemona kurzii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemona tuberosa Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Simi-tauk Strelitziaceae Ravenala madagascariensis Gmel. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ohn-nget-pyaw, Traveler's tree Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Koern. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): White bird of paradise Strelitzia reginae Banks Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bird of paradise, Za-ma-ni- hnget-pan Monocotyledons: Stemonaceae - Strelitziaceae 118 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Taccaceae Tacca chantrieri Andre Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Leik-pya-gamon Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl. Cited as: Tacca laevis Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bat flower, Kya-mokseik, Ye- kya Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Magway, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-kado, Pin-bwa-bin, Polynesian arrowroot, Wa-u Trilliaceae Paris birmanica (A. Takhtajan) H. Li & Noltie Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Paris forrestii (A. Takhtajan) H. Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paris polyphylla Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Paris thibetica Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paris vaniotii H. Lev. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Typhaceae Sparganium erectum L, Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sparganium fallax Graebner ex Graebner Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sparganium racemosum Wall. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sparganium simplex Huds. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sparganium subglobosum Morong Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typha angustifolia Chaub. & Bory Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Reed mace, Shin-mwe-lon Typha domingensis Pers. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Typha elephantina Roxb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Cat-tail, Shin-mwe-lon Typha orientalis Pres| Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Shin-mwe-lun Xyridaceae Xyris anceps Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Xyris indica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Xyris pauciflora Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Xyris wallichii Kunth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Zannichelliaceae Zannichellia palustris L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zingiberaceae Aframomum angustifolium K. Schum. Cited as: Amomum angustifolium Sonn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bengal cardamon Alpinia allughas Roscoe Monocotyledons: Taccaceae - Zingiberaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 119 Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Gonmin Alpinia blepharocalyx K. Schum. Cited as: Alpinia bracteata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Alpinia borraginoides K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alpinia calcarata Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Alpinia conchigera Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Greater galangal, Padegaw-gyi Alpinia formosana K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. Cited as: Languas galanga (L.) Stuntz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kunsa-gamon Alpinia latilabris Ridl. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.) Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Min-taya-taba Alpinia manii King Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Alpinia mutica Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Alpinia officinarum Hance Cited as: Languas officinarum (Hance) Farwell Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Lesser galangal, Padegaw-gale Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Red ginger Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. Cited as: Alpinia speciosa (J.C. Wendl.) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Light galangal, Padegaw-gyi, Shell flower Amomum aculeatum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Amomum aromaticum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bengal cardamon Amomum corynostachyum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Gonmin Amomum dealbatum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Amomum gramineum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Amomum koenigii Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tough ginger Amomum robertsonii Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Amomum sericeum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Hpala Amomum subulatum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Greater cardamon, Hpala-gyi Amomum villosum Lour. Cited as: Amomum xanthioides Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Xanthoid cardamon Boesenbergia parvula (Wall. ex Baker) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Boesenbergia plicata (Ridley) Holttum Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Boesenbergia pulcherrima (Wall.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae - Zingiberaceae 120 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Chin, Yangon Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. Cited as: Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Seik-phoo Boesenbergia thorelii Loes. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Caulokaempfera secunda (Wall.) K. Larsen Cited as: Kaempferia secunda Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Cautleya gracilis (Sm.) Dandy Cited as: Cautleya lutea (Royle) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb, Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Curcuma amada Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Mango ginger, Thayetkin Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Adalut, Indian arrowroot Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-sanwin, Wild turmeric, Yellow zedoary Curcuma attenuata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Curcuma coerulea K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Curcuma comosa Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Sanwin-yaing Curcuma elata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Curcuma ferruginea Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Curcuma kunstleri Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Curcuma longa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nanwin, Sa-nwin, Turmeric Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Curcuma oligantha Trimen Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Curcuma ornata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Curcuma parviflora Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Curcuma parvula Gage Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Curcuma petiolata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Marlar Curcuma plicata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Curcuma reclinata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Curcuma roscoeana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Marlar-ni, Taw-sa-nwin Curcuma rubescens Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Curcuma sessilis Gage Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Curcuma strobilifera Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Long zedoary, Round zedoary, Sa-nwin Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae - Zingiberaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 121 Curcumorpha longiflora (Wall.) Rao & Verma Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Elettaria cardamomum (Roxb.) Maton Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lesser cardamon, Phalar-phyu, Phalar-yaing Elettariopsis stenosiphon (K. Schum.) Burtt & Smith Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Etlingera araneosa (Baker) R.M. Sm. Cited as: Amomum araneosum Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Sm. Cited as: Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horan., Phaeomeria speciosa (Blume) Koord. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Plastic-pan, Torch ginger Etlingera linguiformis (Roxb.) R.M. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Etlingera littoralis (Koenig) Giseke Cited as: Amomum littorale Koenig, Amomum megalocheilos Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Etlingera sulphurea (R. Parker) R.M. Sm. Cited as: Amomum sulphurea R. Parker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Gagnepainia godefroyi (Baill.) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Globba arracanensis Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Globba bracteolata Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Globba bulbifera Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Globba cernua Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Globba expansa Baker Cited as: Globba canarensis Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Globba hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Waso Globba insectifera Ridley Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Globba kerrii Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Globba laeta K. Larsen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Globba macroclada Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Globba marantina L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayl, Yangon Common Name(s): Phalar-gale, Waso pan Globba mogokensis W.W. Sm. & Banerji Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Globba multiflora Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Globba orixensis Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Waso-pan Globba pauciflora Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Globba pendula Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Globba racemosa Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Globba schomburgkii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Waso-pan Globba sessiliflora Sims Cited as: Globba refractibulbigera Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae - Zingiberaceae 122 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Padein-ngo Globba stenothyrsa Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Globba subscaposa Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Globba substrigosa King Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Shan, Taninthayi Globba winitii C.H.C. Wright Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedychium bordelonianum W.J. Kress & K.J. Williams, ined. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Magway, Rakhine Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kaukyin-gyi, Scarlet ginger lily Hedychium coronarium Koenig Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Butterfly lily, Ginger lily, Ngwe-pan Hedychium elatum R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Phalar Hedychium ellipticum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Hedychium flavum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shwe-pan, Yellow ginger lily Hedychium forrestii Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Hedychium gomezianum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedychium gracile Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Pade-gaw Hedychium marginatum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Hedychium spicatum Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kunsa-gamon-akyi, Spiked ginger lily Hedychium stenopetalum Lodd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Hpalan, Tonma Hedychium thyrsiforme Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Hedychium venustum Wight Habit: Herb Distribution; Chin Hedychium villosum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Hemiorchis burmanica Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Hemiorchis pantlingii King Cited as: Hemiorchis plantingii King Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Hemiorchis rhodorrhachis K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Sagaing Hitchenia careyana Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Hitchenia glauca Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Marlar Kaempferia andersoni Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kaempferia candida Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Magway, Mandalay, Rakhine, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Edible gingerwort, Pa-dat-sa Panu, Panu-phyu, Taukta Kaempferia elegans (Wall.) Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kun-kado Kaempferia galanga L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated ’ Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae - Zingiberaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 123 Common Name(s): Kursa-gamon Kaempferia gilbertii Hort. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Kaempferia luteum Hort. Agl. ex Link Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Kaempferia macrochlamys Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Kaempferia marginata Carey ex Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Kaempferia ovalifolia Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): E-la-gamon Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Gamon-ni Kaempferia roscoeana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Daung-gamon, Peacock plant Kaempferia rotunda L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Myay-padauk, Pan-gamon, Resurrection lily Kaempferia siphonantha King Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Kaempferia speciosa Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mantisia saltatoria Sims Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Chauk-pan Mantisia spathulata (Roxb.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Mantisia wardii B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Mantisia wengerii Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Pommereschia lackneri Wittmack Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pommereschia spectabilis (King & Prain) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Rhynchanthus beesianus W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchanthus bluthianus Wittm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchanthus johnianus Schlechter Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Rhynchanthus longiflorus Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Roscoea alpina Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Roscoea australis E.J. Cowley Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Roscoea brandisii King Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Roscoea purpurea Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Roscoea tibetica Batalin Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Roscoea wardii E.J. Cowley Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Smithatris myanmarensis W.J. Kress, ined. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Stadiochilus burmanicus R.M. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Baker) Craib ex Loesener Cited as: Kaempferia involucrata King ex Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Mala-nge Zingiber barbatum Wall. Habit: Herb Monocotyledons: Zingiberaceae - Zingiberaceae 124 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Meik-thalin Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Meik-tha-lin Zingiber gracile Jack Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Zingiber gramineum Noronha Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zingiber kerrii Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Zingiber ligulatum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Zingiber macrostachyum Dalzell Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Yangon Zingiber montanum (Koenig) Link ex Dietr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Zingiber nimmonii Dalzell Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Zingiber officinale Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ginger, Gyin, Gyinsein Zingiber panduratum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpala, Pha-lar Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. ex Voigt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zingiber parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Zingiber rubens Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Zingiber squarrosum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Taukta Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex J.E. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Linne-gyi Zosteraceae Zostera marina L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Grass wrack Monocotyledons: Zosteraceae - Zosteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 125 DICOTYLEDONS Acanthaceae Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kayar, Khaya Acanthus ilicifolius L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Holly-leaved acanthus, Kaya- chon, Kha-yar, Kha-yar-chon, Sea holly Acanthus leucostachyus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kha-yar Acanthus longibracteatus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Acanthus longipetiolatus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acanthus volubilis Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kha-yar-nwe Adhatoda oreophila Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Andrographis echioides Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Andrographis hygrophiloides (T. Anders.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): King of bitters, Sega-gyi, Se- khar-gyi Andrographis tenuiflora T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Asystasia chelonoides Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson Cited as: Asystasia coromandeliana Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Asystasia macrocarpa Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Asystasia neesiana Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Barleria arnottiana Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Barleria cristata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Leik-tha-ywe-pya Barleria polytricha Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hnithi-pan, Pyo-ma-naing Barleria prionitis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Leik-su-ywe Barleria stenophylla Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Barleria strigosa Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Roth Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Cardanthera avana Benth. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Cardanthera griffithii Benth. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chroesthes lanceolata (T. Anderson) B. Hansen Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae 126 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Asystasia lanceolata T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Codonacanthus pauciflorus Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Crossandra undulaefolia Salisb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Firecracker flower, Moe-sway- pan, Moeswe-pan Cystacanthus cymosus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cystacanthus insignis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Tabyetse-kyan, Ta-myet-si- kyan, Tasmase-kyan Cystacanthus paniculatus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Cystacanthus pulcherrimus C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Htingra Daedalacanthus ciliatus Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Yangon Daedalacanthus microstachyus T, Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Dianthera nodosa Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees Cited as: Dicliptera roxburghiana Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Dicliptera kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Dicliptera magnibracteata Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicliptera minbuensis Bor Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Dicliptera reptans Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dicliptera riparia Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Dicliptera speciosa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Dipteracanthus longifolia Stocks Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Ebermaiera angustifolia T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Ebermaiera argentea Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Ebermaiera beddomei C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Ebermaiera coriacea T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Ebermaiera glauca Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ebermaiera gracilis T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Ebermaiera helferi T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Ebermaiera humilis Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ebermaiera incana Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ebermaiera lanceolata Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ebermaiera lasiobotrys Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Ebermaiera maclellandii (Nees) T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Ebermaiera macrophylla T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Ebermaiera merguensis T. Anderson Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 127 Distribution: Taninthayi Ebermaiera obtusa T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ebermaiera paniculata Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Ebermaiera parviflora T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Ebermaiera racemosa Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Ebermaiera thyrsoidea Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Eranthemum album Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing Eranthemum angustifolium Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Eranthemum blumei Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Eranthemum ciliatum (Craib) Benoist Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Sagaing, Yangon Eranthemum griffithii (T. Anderson) Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. Cited as: Daedalacanthus griffithii T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Eranthemum indicum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eranthemum macrophyllum Wall. Cited as: Daedalacanthus macrophyllus (Wall.) T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tamase, Ta-myet-si Eranthemum montanum Roxb. Cited as: Daedalacanthus montanus (Roxb.) T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Eranthemum polyneurum C.B, Clarke ex Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews Cited as: Daedalacanthus nervosus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Eranthemum purpurascens Nees Cited as: Daedalacanthus purpurascens T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Rakhine Eranthemum splendens Siebert & Voss Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Common Name(s): Paung-thaung, Sok-sali Eranthemum strictum Colebr. Cited as: Daedalacanthus strictus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Eranthemum suffruticosum Roxb. Cited as: Daedalacanthus suffruticosus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Eranthemum tapingense W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Eranthemum tetragonum Nees Cited as: Daedalacanthus tetragonus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-zat Eranthemum tubiflorum (T. Anderson) Radlk. ex Lindau Cited as: Daedalacanthus tubiflorus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Eranthemum wardii (W.W. Sm.) N.P. Balakr. Cited as: Daedalacanthus wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Eranthemum wattii (Bedd.) Stapf Cited as: Daedalacanthus wattii Bedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Fittonia albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Brummitt Cited as: Fittonia argyroneura E. Coem. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Graptophyllum pictum Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Caricature plant, Nwe-pan, Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae 128 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Zalaphi Gymnostachyum leptostachyum Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Gymnostachyum trilobum Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) T. Anderson Cited as: Hemigraphis colorata Hallier f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue black Hemigraphis elegans Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Hemigraphis flaccida C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Hemigraphis flava Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Buso, Kyit-pa-sit, Myet-hra- pan, Phon-so-gale, Tamase-kyan Hemigraphis glaucescens C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Hemigraphis griffithiana T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Hemigraphis quadrifaria T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine Cited as: Hygrophila spinosa T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Le-padu, Su-padaung Hygrophila difformis (L. f.) Blume Cited as: Cardanthera triflora (Roxb. ex Nees) Buch.-Ham. ex Voigt Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Hygrophila dimidiata Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hygrophila phlomoides Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Burma linseed, Migyaung- kunbat Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Hygrophila quadrivalvis Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Laipin-hka Hygrophila schulii (F. Hamilton) M.R. & S.M. Almeida Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Hypoestes triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Justicia adhatoda L. Cited as: Adhatoda vasica Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hitingra-hpraw, Htingra-hpraw, Malabar nut tree, Mauk-salum, Maya-gyi, May- gyi, My-yar-gyi, Ye-magyi Justicia alternifolia C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Justicia andrographioides C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Justicia argyrostachya T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan Justicia atkinsoni T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Justicia boerhaaviaefolia T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Justicia brandisii T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin Justicia burmanica C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Justicia caloneura Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Justicia carnea Lindl. Cited as: Jacobinia carnea (Lindl.) Nichols. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 129 Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Justicia dasycarpa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Justicia decussata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ma-yar-thein, Nat-pan, Tamase-kyan Justicia diffusa Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Shan, Yangon Justicia fasciculata Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Justicia flaccida Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Justicia flagelliformis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Justicia flava Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Justicia fragilis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bawanet, Htingra-hpraw, Pha- wa-net Justicia grandifolia T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Justicia grossa C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Justicia helferi C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthay Justicia kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Justicia montana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Justicia neurantha Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Justicia patentiflora Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Justicia procumbens L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Phet-ya, Phet-yar Justicia simplex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Justicia vagans Collett & Hems!l. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Justicia valida Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Justicia vasculosa (Nees) T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Magway, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Justicia ventricosa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Justicia zollingeriana C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lepidagathis chlorostachya Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lepidagathis dulcis Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Lepidagathis falcata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Lepidagathis fasciculata Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Naturalized Lepidagathis hyalina Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Lepidagathis linearis T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayah, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Lepidagathis purpuricaulis Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae 130 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Lepidagathis simplex T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lepidagathis strobilifera T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon Lepidagathis strobilina T. Anderson ex Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lepidagathis subuninervia C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Lepidagathis thymifolia Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Cited as: Ne/sonia campestris R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Neuracanthus grandiflorus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Neuracanthus tetragonostachyus Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Nomaphila parishii T. Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Odontonema nitidum Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Ophiorrhiziphyllon macrobotryum Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Mon Pachystachys lutea Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Na-ga-mauk-shwe Peristrophe acuminata Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Peristrophe andamanica C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Peristrophe fera C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Peristrophe lanceolaria Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt Cited as: Peristrophe bicalyculata Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Retz.) Santapau Cited as: Phaulopsis parviflora Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Phlogacanthus curviflorus Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Maiding Phlogacanthus elongatus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Phlogacanthus gomezii (Nees) J.R.I. Wood Cited as: Phlogacanthus wallichii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Linda-amauk Phlogacanthus jenkinsii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Sagaing Phlogacanthus parviflorus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Phlogacanthus pochinii Raiz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin Phlogacanthus pubinervius T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mauk-salun Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis (Hardwicke) Mabberley Cited as: Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Phlogacanthus tubiflorus Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Lada-pa-byin, Linda-amauk Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin Cited as: Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum L.H. Bailey Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Pseuderanthemum cinnabarinum (Nees) Radlk. Cited as: Eranthemum cinnabarinum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 131 Pseuderanthemum l/atifolium (Vahl) B. Hansen Cited as: Eranthemum palatiferum Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Pseuderanthemum parishii (C.B. Clarke) Lindau Cited as: Daedalacanthus parishii T. Anderson, Eranthemum parishii (T. Anderson) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Pseuderanthemum polyanthum (C.B. Clarke) Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Rhinacanthus calcaratus Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Rhinacanthus communis Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Htaw-labat Ruellia ciliata Hornem. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Ruellia macrosiphon Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Ruellia patula Jacq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ruellia repens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Ruellia tuberosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Byauk, Naga-hmaing Rungia beddomei C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Rungia brandisii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Rungia burmanica (C.B. Clarke) B. Hansen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rungia javensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Cited as: Rungia parviflora Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Rungia repens Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ka-nyo Sphinctacanthus parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Staurogyne grandiflora E. Hossain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Staurogyne humilis (Nees) Kuntze Cited as: Ebermaiera polybotrya Nees Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Staurogyne lasiobotrys (Nees) Kuntze Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Staurogyne longibracteata E. Hossain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Staurogyne macrophylla T. Anderson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Staurogyne parviflora T. Anderson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Staurogyne polybotrya (Nees) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Staurogyne shanica W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Staurogyne thyrsoides Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Strobilanthes acrocephala T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Strobilanthes acuminatus T, Anderson Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Strobilanthes aenobarba W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Strobilanthes angustifrons C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae 132 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Strobilanthes apricus T. Anderson ex Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes arenicola W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Strobilanthes auriculatus Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hmaw-yan, Paung-thaung, Saingnan Strobilanthes birmanica (Bremek.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes brandisii T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin Common Name(s): Tampee Strobilanthes calvata J.R.I. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes candida J.R.1. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes capitatus (Nees) T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin Strobilanthes congesta Terao Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes connatus Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes crataegifolius T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes cystolithigera Lindau Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes dalzielii (W.W. Sm.) Benoist Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes dasyspermus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Strobilanthes debilis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Strobilanthes extensa Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Strobilanthes falconeri T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Strobilanthes farinosus C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Strobilanthes fimbriata Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Hun, Mah-tatap, Me-gyi, Mun- gyi Strobilanthes foetidissima Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Strobilanthes frondosa J.R.1. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes fruticosa (Chatterjee) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes glandulosus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes glomeratus (Nees) T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Strobilanthes gregalis Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Steud.) Bosser & Heine Cited as: Strobilanthes colorata T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Strobilanthes haplanthoides T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady Strobilanthes helferi T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes hossei C.B. Clarke Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 133 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Kadu Strobilanthes imbricatus Nees Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Strobilanthes imlayae J.R.I. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes inflata T. Anderson Cited as: Strobilanthes wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Strobilanthes kunthianus T. Anderson ex Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Megyi Strobilanthes lamifolius T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin Strobilanthes lamioides T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Strobilanthes lanceifolius T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Strobilanthes longipes C.B. Clarke Cited as: Strobilanthes spathulatus Parker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes maclellandi C.B, Clarke Cited as: Strobilanthes dyerianus Masters Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Strobilanthes microcarpa T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes mogokensis Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Strobilanthes nagaensis (Bremek.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes neesii Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes obtusibracteata Terao Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes oresbia W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Strobilanthes panichanga T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Strobilanthes paniculata Nees Cited as: Strobilanthes subcapitatus C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes parishii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Strobilanthes paucinervis T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strobilanthes pectinatus T. Anders. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Strobilanthes pentstemonoides T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Strobilanthes perfoliatus T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Strobilanthes phyllostachyus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yamazi, Ye-magyi Strobilanthes rex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes rosea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Me-gyi Strobilanthes rufescens T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lahk-ran, Mawyan, Moyan, Myauk-yo, Saingnan Strobilanthes scaber Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Ku-thi Strobilanthes serrata Imlay Cited as: Gutzlaffia glandulosa Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Dicotyledons: Acanthaceae - Acanthaceae 134 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Strobilanthes setosa J.R.1. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes shanensis (Bremek.) J.R.I. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes simonsii T. Anderson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Strobilanthes stramineus W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Strobilanthes unilateralis J.R.1. Wood Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strobilanthes wallichii Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Strobilanthes yunnanensis Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Thunbergia adenophora W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Thunbergia affinis S. Moore Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black-eyed Susan Thunbergia coccinea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kyi-ni-nwe, Mokku-ku, Nwe- nyo, Shanang-kaji Thunbergia erecta T. Anderson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kwa-nyo Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-ye-sut Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb. ex Rottl.) Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-ye-sut-nwe Thunbergia hossei C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Shanang, Shanangkaba Thunbergia lacei Gamble Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyi-kan-hnok-thi, Kyini-nwe, Nwe-nyo, Pan-ye-sut-nwe Thunbergia lutea T. Anderson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Thunbergia maculata Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Thunbergia papilionacea W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Thunbergia smilacifolia Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aceraceae Acer buergerianum Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Acer campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Acer caudatum Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Acer chionophyllum Mert. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer chloranthum Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer davidii Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer erosum Pax Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer isolobum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon Acer laetum C.A. Mey. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Aceraceae - Aceraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 135 Distribution: Kachin Acer laevigatum Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Taung-nga-yok Acer laurinum Hassk. Cited as: Acer niveum Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Acer oblongum Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Himalayan maple Acer pinnatinervium Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer sikkimense Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer taronense Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer tetramerum Pax Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Acer thomsonii Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Acer villosum Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Acer wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon Acer wilsonii Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Actinidiaceae Actinidia callosa Lindl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Actinidia forrestii Comber Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Saurauia armata Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saurauia cerea Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Maraw, Numraw Saurauia macrotricha Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Maraw, Numraw Saurauia napaulensis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Maraw, Numraw Saurauia punduana Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Maraw, Numraw, Patok Saurauia roxburghii Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chiellay, Patok, Thit-nga-yan Saurauia subspinosa Anthony Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Tetragonia expansa Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ice plant Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ice plant, New Zealand spinach Trianthema crystallina Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pa-yan-na-war Trianthema decandra L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pa-yan-na-war Trianthema portulacastra L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pa-yan-na-wa Dicotyledons: Actinidiaceae - Aizoaceae 136 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Alangiaceae Alangium barbatum (R. Br.) Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Alangium begoniaefolia (Roxb.) Baill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmaik, Hpunpraw, Letkadon, Saga-thein, Tabuya, Taw-posa Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmaik, Hpunpraw, Letkadon, Saga-thein, Tabuya, Taw-posa Alangium ebenaceum (C.B. Clarke) Harms Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Alangium kingianum Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Alangium kurzii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Alangium nobile (C.B. Clarke) Harms Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Alangium salviifolium (L. f.) Wangerin Cited as: Alangium lamarckii Thwaites Habit: Small tree, Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk-pyan, Kyet-mauk- sue-pyan, Naukpo, Prickly chaff Achyranthes bidentata Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Aerva glabrata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Aerva javanica Juss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): On-hnye Aerva sanguinolenta (L.) Blume Cited as: Aerva scandens Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mo-kyai-pwin, Taw-kyet-mauk Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanabaw Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Alternanthera pungens H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): E-su Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Pazun-sar Alternanthera triandra Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Pazun-sar Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hinka-nwe, Hin-nu-nwe, Phat- khun-khaik Amaranthus caudatus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk, Love lies bleeding Amaranthus gangeticus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Grain amaranth, Hin-nu-nwe Amaranthus mangostanus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hin-nu-nwe Amaranthus paniculatus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hin-nu-nwe Amaranthus spinosus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hin-nu-nwe-subauk, Spiny amaranthus Dicotyledons: Alangiaceae - Amaranthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 137 Amaranthus tricolor L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hin-nu-nwe-ywet-hla, Joseph's coat Amaranthus viridis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Hin-nu-nwe Bosea amherstiana Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Celosia allmanoides Moq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk Celosia argentea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk, Wild cock's comb Celosia cristata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cock's comb, Kyet-mauk Centrostachys aquatica (R. Br.) Wall. ex Mog. Cited as: Achyranthes aquatica R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk-pyan Cyathula tomentosa (Roth.) Mog. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyet-sa-gwe Deeringia celosioides R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Deeringia indica Zoll. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Yut-na-daung Gomphrena celosioides Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Gomphrena globosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bachelor's button, Globe amaranth, Ma-nyo-lon-pan Kochia scoparia Schrad. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyauk-pan-pu, Summer cypress Nothosaerva brachiata Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Roxb.) Moq. Cited as: Psilotrichum trichotomum Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Pupalia lappacea Mogq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Stilbanthus scandens Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Trichurus monsoniae (L. f.) C.C. Towns. Cited as: Aerva monsoniae (L. f.) Mart. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Anacardiaceae Allospondias laxiflora Lace Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gekolay Anacardium occidentale L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cashew nut, Mak-mong-sang- yip, Thiho-thayet Bouea burmanica Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Baran, Barine, Mayan, Taw- mayan Buchanania acuminata Turcz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Buchanania arborescens (Blume) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Anacardiaceae - Anacardiaceae 138 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Buchanania florida Sch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Buchanania glabra Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mon, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thit-twet Buchanania lancifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Thayet-thin-baung Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Che, Cuddapah almond, Lunbo, Lung-lah, Lunzan, Mai-hakhpu, Thitsi-bo Buchanania latifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Che, Lunbo, Thit-si-bo Dracontomelon dao (Blume) Merr. & Rolfe Cited as: Dracontomelon mangiferum (Blume) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ngar-bauk, Paya-ngar-su, Taw- thit-kya Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Nga-su Drimycarpus racemosus Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kayin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-thitsi, Thitsi-bo Gluta coarctata Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Gluta elegans Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Gluta longipetiolata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Che Gluta renghas L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thayet-thitsi Gluta tavoyana Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thayet-thitsi Holigarna albicans Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Kalay, Thu-hkame Holigarna helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shit-le Holigarna kurzii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Che, Che-po, Hkri-pun, Thit-si- bo Holigarna longifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Che Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Cited as: Lannea wodier (Roxb.) Adelb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Latang, Laupe, Mai-hkam, Nabe, Taung-gwe, Zun-burr Mangifera caloneura Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Sinnin-thayet, Taw-thayet Mangifera foetida Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lamut, Thayet-pok Mangifera indica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Krerk, Kruk, La-mung, Mak- mong, Ma-monton, Mamung, Mango, Sagyaw, Shagyaw, Takau, Thayet, Thayet-phyu, Umung Mangifera longipes Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Mak-mong-kan-leng, Thayet- pya, Thayet-thisi, Umung Mangifera mariana Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mangifera parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Mangifera sylvatica Roxb. Dicotyledons: Anacardiaceae - Anacardiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 139 Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mak-mong-sang-yip, Sinna- thayet, Taw-thayet Melanorrhoea glabra Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Magway, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-thitsi Melanorrhoea usitata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Burmese lacquer tree, Hak, Hkri, Leeng, Mai-hak, Sa, Thitsi Parishia insignis Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pwe-baung Pistacia coccinea Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Muttagyi Pistacia integerrima Stew. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kakri-singi, Kattara-thinche Pistacia vera L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pistachio nut, Pista-thee-bin Rhus amherstensis W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon Rhus griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Rhus javanica L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Chying-ma, Mai-kokkyin Rhus lancea L. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Rhus paniculata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Benwe, Khaung-bin, Khaung- gale, Pyidin, Pyizin, Taung-gyobo Rhus parviflora Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Mai-kokkyin Rhus punjabensis J.L. Stew. ex Brand. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Rhus semialata Murr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chying-ma, Mai-kokkyi, Mai- kokkyin Rhus succedanea L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Japanese wax tree, Kakkata- theingi, Kattara-thinche Schinus molle L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): California pepper tree, Pepper tree Semecarpus acuminata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Semecarpus albescens Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Semecarpus anacardium L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Che, Mai-ka-aung, Marking nut tree, Thitsi-bo Semecarpus cassuvium Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Semecarpus cuneifolius Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Che-pin Semecarpus heterophyllus Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Semecarpus kurzii Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Che Semecarpus microcarpa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Semecarpus pandurata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Dicotyledons: Anacardiaceae - Anacardiaceae 140 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Che, Thitsi-bo Semecarpus panduriformis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Semecarpus subpanduriformis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Semecarpus subracemosa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Semecarpus subspathulata King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Spondias axillaris Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Spondias dulcis Forst. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Golden apple, Gwe-cho, Otaheite apple Spondias haplophylla Airy Shaw & Forman Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spondias laxiflora (Kurz) Airy Shaw & Forman Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gekoilay Spondias malayana Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spondias mangifera Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Gwe Spondias pinnata (L.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bwe-baung, Ding-kok, Gwe, Hog plum, Hpunnam-makawk, Mai-kawk, Mai- mak-kawk Swintonia floribunda Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Shitle, Taung-sagaing, Taung- thayet, Thayet-kan, Thayet-kin, Thayet-le, Thayet-san Swintonia helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Swintonia schwenkii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shitle-pyu, Thayet-san Tapirira hirsuta Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan Ancistrocladaceae Ancistrocladus attenuatus Dyer Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ancistrocladus extensus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk-nwe Ancistrocladus griffithii Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-bin Ancistrocladus tectorius (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Ancistrocladus pinangianus Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ancistrocladus wallichii Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Annonaceae Alphonsea boniana Finet & Gagnep. Cited as: Alphonsea glabrifolia Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Alphonsea ventricosa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi Annona cherimolia Mill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cherimoyer, Thinbaw-awza Annona muricata L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Duyin-awza, Soursop Dicotyledons: Ancistrocladaceae - Annonaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 14] Annona reticulata L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bullock's heart, Thinbaw-awza Annona squamosa L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Awzar, Custard apple, Sweetsop Artabotrys burmanicus A. DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ngabye-shin, Nyane, Ta-daing- hmwe Artabotrys crassifolius Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Artabotrys cubittii Chatterjee Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Artabotrys hexapetalus (L. f.) Bandari Cited as: Artabotrys odoratissimus R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadat-ngan, Padat-ngan, Tadaing-hmwe Artabotrys kurzii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ngan-say, Nyane Artabotrys multiflorus Fisch. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon Artabotrys parkinsonii Chatterjee Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Artabotrys siamensis Miq. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Padat-ngan Artabotrys speciosus Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago Artabotrys suaveolens (Blume) Blume Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nga-pye-yin Artabotrys uniflorus (Griff.) Craib Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kadat-ngan, Saga-sein, Ylang- ylang Cyathocalyx martabanicus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pazun-gok Cyathocalyx uniflorus Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cyathocalyx zeylanicus Champ. ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dasymaschalon blumei (Blume) Finet & Gagnep. Cited as: Unona dasymaschala Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tanat-sa Desmos caudatus Fisch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Desmos chinensis Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sinswe-pan, Tanat-sa Desmos cochinchinensis Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Saingswe Desmos dumosus Saff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmos latifolia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Ellipeia costata King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin Ellipeia ferruginea Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Ellipeiopsis ferruginea (Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. & Thomson) R.E. Fries Cited as: Uvaria ferruginea Buch.-Ham. ex Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Enicosanthum merguiense (Chatterjee) J. Sincl. Cited as: Uvaria merguiensis Chatterjee Dicotyledons: Annonaceae - Annonaceae 142 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Fissistigma bicolor (Roxb.) Merr. Cited as: Melodorum bicolor Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Rakhine, Sagaing Fissistigma bracteolatum Chatterjee Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fissistigma minuticalyx (McGregor & W.W. Sm.) Chatterjee Cited as: Melodorum minuticalyx McGregor & W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber Distribution: Sagaing Fissistigma rubiginosum (A. DC.) Merr. Cited as: Melodorum rubiginosum Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Fissistigma scandens Griff. Cited as: Melodorum griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Fissistigma thorelii (Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep.) Merr. Cited as: Melodorum thorellii Pierre Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Fissistigma verrucosum (Hook. f. & Thomson) Merr. Cited as: Melodorum verrucosum Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Friesodielsia discolor (Craib) D. Das Cited as: Oxymitra biswasiana Chatterjee Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Friesodielsia fornicata (Roxb.) D. Das Cited as: Oxymitra fornicata (Roxb.) Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Friesodielsia maclellandii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Das Cited as: Goniothalamus burmanicus Fischer, Oxymitra maclellandii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Friesodielsia unonaefolia (A. DC.) Steenis Cited as: Oxymitra unonaefolia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Goniothalamus giganteus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Goniothalamus griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Goniothalamus meeboldii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Goniothalamus peduncularis King & Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Goniothalamus sawtehii Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Goniothalamus sesquipedalis Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Goniothalamus tavoyensis Chatterjee Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Goniothalamus tenasserimensis Biswas Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Goniothalamus undulatus Ridl. Cited as: Goniothalamus latestigma Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Melodorum macranthum Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Melodorum polyanthum (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Miliusa glandulifera Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Miliusa longipes King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Miliusa macrocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Miliusa roxburghiana Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Annonaceae - Annonaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 143 Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Thabut-thein Miliusa saccata Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Miliusa sclerocarpa (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kurz Cited as: Saccopetalum sclerocarpum Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Miliusa thorelii Finet & Gagnep. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-saga-sein Miliusa tristis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Miliusa unguiculata (Fischer) J. Sincl. Cited as: Saccopetalum unguiculatum Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Miliusa velutina Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-nang-sang, Thabut-gyi Mitrephora javanica Backer Cited as: Mitrephora vulpina Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Mitrephora keithii Ridl. Cited as: Mitrephora lophophora Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Mitrephora teysmanni Scheff. Cited as: Mitrephora maingayi Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thabut-net Mitrephora tomentosa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Mitrephora vandaeflora Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Orophea acuminata A. DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Orophea brandisii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Orophea polycarpa A. DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Oxymitra stenopetala Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polyalthia bifaria Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polyalthia costata Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polyalthia crassa Parker Cited as: Polyalthia cerasoides Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Gyopan, Thabut-thein Polyalthia hookeriana King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bok Polyalthia jenkinsii Benth. & Hook. f. Cited as: Polyalthia andamanica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-kabut, Thanlung Polyalthia laterifolia (Blume) King Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Hteik-kaung-pin Polyalthia longifolia (Lam.) Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arthaw-ka, Lan-tama, Thinbaw-te Polyalthia macrophylla Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polyalthia membranacea Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polyalthia nitida Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Polyalthia rufescens Hook. f. & Thomson Cited as: Phaeanthus moulmeinensis Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Polyalthia simiarum Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hook. f. Dicotyledons: Annonaceae - Annonaceae 144 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-saga-sein, Taw-thabut, Thabut Polyalthia suberosa (Roxb.) Thwaites Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Polyalthia sumatrana (Miq.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Polyalthia wrayi Ridl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Popowia helferi Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Popowia pisocarpa (Blume) Endl. Cited as: Popowia ramosissima Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Pseuduvaria indochinensis Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pseuduvaria multiovulata (C.E.C. Fisch.) J. Sincl. Cited as: Mitrephora multiovulata Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Plong Pseuduvaria reticulata (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Mitrephora reticulata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Pseuduvaria rugosa (Blume) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sageraea bracteolata Parker Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pa-ngan Sageraea elliptica (A. DC.) Hook. f. & Thomson Cited as: Bocagea elliptica Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabut Sageraea listeri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Banmaw, Thit-kalaw Sphaerocoryne blandfordiana Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Banmaw Trivalvaria dubia (Kurz) J. Sincl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trivalvaria macrophylla Miq. Cited as: Popowia kurzii King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Unona brandisana Pierre Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Unona dunalii Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uvaria bracteata Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Uvaria cordata Schum. & Thonn. Cited as: Uvaria macrophylla Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kan-kaya, Nwe-dan, Phetchin, Thabut, Thabut-gyi, Thabut-nwe Uvaria dulcis Dun. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uvaria grandiflora Roxb. ex Hornem. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabut Uvaria hamiltonii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kywe-nothi-nwe Uvaria hirsuta Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Uvaria micrantha Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Uvaria ovalifolia Blume Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Uvaria ptychocalyx Miq. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabut Dicotyledons: Annonaceae - Annonaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 145 Apiaceae Aciphylla squarrosa Forst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bayonet plant Acronema pilosum C. Norman Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Acronema rivale C. Norman Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aegopodium henryi Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Anethum graveolens L. Cited as: Anethum sowa Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): European dill, Indian dill, Sameik Apium graveolens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Celery, Phat-kyi-che, Ta-rok- nannan, Taru-ta-na-ngaw, Tayok-nannan Bupleurum candollei Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bupleurum falcatum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Bupleurum hamiltonii N.P. Balakr. Cited as: Bupleurum flexuosum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Bupleurum kurzii P.K. Mukh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bupleurum mucronatum Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bupleurum setaceum Fenzl Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Carum carvi L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Caraway, Karaway, Karaway-si Caucalis anthriscus Scop. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Myin-hkwa Coriandrum sativum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Coriander, Nannan, Phat-kyi, Ta-ner-hgaw Cuminum cyminum L., Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cumin, Ziya, Ziya-byu Daucus carota L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): U-wa-yaing, Wild carrot Eryngium foetidum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Paung-bok, Shan-nan-nan Ferula asafoetida Karst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Asafoetida, Shein-ngo-bin Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Fennel, Samon-saba Heracleum barmanicum Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Heracleum biternatum W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Heracleum candicans Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Su-lar-na-phar, Taung-pharlar Hydrocotyle burmanica Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Seimyin-kwa Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Dicotyledons: Apiaceae - Apiaceae 146 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Oenanthe stolonifera (Roxb.) Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Water dropwort Pastinaca sativa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Parsnip, Ywetsa-monla Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Parsley, Tayok-nanan Peucedanum dhana Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Min-yothey Peucedanum parkinsonii Fedde Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Hpala-napeik Pimpinella acronemaefolia C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Pimpinella anisum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Anise, Samon-saba, Sweet fennel Pimpinella cambodgiana H. Boissieu Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Samon-saba Pimpinella diversifolia DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Pimpinella heyneana (Wall. ex DC.) Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin Common Name(s): Taung-sa-meik Pimpinella parishiana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pleurospermum benthamii (DC.) C.D. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pleurospermum stylosum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Sanicula europaea L. Cited as: Sanicula elata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Schulzia crinita (Pall.) Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Selinum striatum (Wall. ex DC.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Selinum wallichianum (DC.) Raizada & H.O. Saxena Cited as: Selinum tenuifolium Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Seseli indicum Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Samon-pyu-yaing Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bishop's weed, Lovage, Samok Trachyspermum khasianum (C.B. Clarke) H. Wolff Cited as: Carum khasianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) Craib Cited as: Carum roxburghianum Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kant-balu Apocynaceae Adenium obesum Roem. & Schult. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Yodaya-saga Aganosma cymosa (Roxb.) G. Don Cited as: Echites cymosa G. Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Aganosma lacei Raiz. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aganosma marginata (Roxb.) G. Don Cited as: Echites marginata G. Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kaung-nwe, Khaung-tan, Kyetmauk-po, Kyet-paung-bo Dicotyledons: Apocynaceae - Apocynaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 147 Aganosma schlechterianum Lev. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Agonosma breviloba Kerr Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Agonosma gracilis Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agonosma wallichii G. Don Cited as: Aganosma calycina A. DC., Echites calycina Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Allamanda blanchetii DC. Cited as: Allamanda violacea Gaertn. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Allamanda cathartica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shwe-pan-nwe, Shwewa-pan Allamanda schottii Hook. Cited as: Allamanda neriifolia Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Alstonia rostrata Fischer Cited as: Alyxia calophylla Wall., Winchia calophylla A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalar-paung Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Devil tree, Dita bark, Letpan- ga, Taung-mayo, Taung-meoak Alyxia reinwardtii Blume Cited as: Alyxia odorata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Amalocalyx burmanicus Chatterjee Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Amalocalyx microlobus Pierre Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Anodendron paniculatum A. DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Twin-net Beaumontia brevituba MacGregor & Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Beaumontia grandiflora Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Herald's trumpet, La-pan Beaumontia khasiana Hook. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Beaumontia macrantha (Ridl.) Rudjiman Cited as: Beaumontia rosea Fischer Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Bousigonia angustifolia Pierre ex Spire Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carissa carandas L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Karaunda, Khan Carissa spinarum A. DC, Cited as: Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khanzat, Natal plum, Taw- khan-pin Catharanthus pusilla (Murr.) G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taw-nga-yoke Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Cited as: Catharanthus alba (L.) G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Periwinkle, Thinbaw-ma-hnyo- pan, Thinbaw-ma-hnyo-pan-aphyu, Vinca Cerbera fruticosa Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cerbera manghas L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Dogbane, Kalwa, Salut, Za-lat Chilocarpus atroviridis (Wall.) Blume Cited as: Hunteria atroviridis Wall. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Chilocarpus costatus Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Apocynaceae - Apocynaceae 148 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Chonemorpha griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Chin Chonemorpha verrucosa (Blume) D.J. Middleton Cited as: Rhynchodia wallichii Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-kyet-paung, Taw-sabe Echites glandulifera Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Echites odoratissima Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Epigynum cochinchinensis (Pierre) D.J. Middleton Cited as: Nouettea cochinchinensis Pierre Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Epigynum griffithianum Wight Cited as: Epigynum perakensis King & Gamble Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Gynopogon breviflorum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don Cited as: Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Danghkyam-kaba, Dangkyam, Kurchi conessi, Lettok, Lettok-gyi, Mai-hkao- long, Mai-yang Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gard. ex Thwaites Cited as: Hunteria corymbosa Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myinlaban Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton Cited as: /chnocarpus volubilis Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Black creeper, Taw-sabe, Twinnet-kado Ichnocarpus polyanthus (Blume) P.I. Forst. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kibatalia arborea (Blume) G. Don Cited as: Vallaris arborea Fischer Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Kibatalia macrophylla (Pierre ex Hua) Woodson Cited as: Trachelospermum anceps (Wall.) Dunn & R. Will., Vallaris anceps Wall. Habit: Small tree, Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Non-kai-tong-nwe Kopsia fruticosa A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalabin, Mai-lang, Thinbaw- zalut, Zalut-ni, Zalut-panyaung Melodinus henryi Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Melodinus khasianus Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ngansein-nwe Melodinus monogynus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay, Rakhine Nerium oleander L. Cited as: Nerium indicum Mill. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nwe-tha-gee, Oleander, Rose bay, Sweet-scented Indian oleander, Tayok- hnin-si Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Mold. Cited as: Parameria barbata K. Schum. Habit: Small tree, Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nwe-chin, Talaing-zok Parameria polyneura Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. Cited as: Parsonsia helicandra Hook. & Arn. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ye-padauk Parsonsia oblonga Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plumeria alba L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Plumeria obtusa L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Akyaw, Tayok-saga-aphyu Dicotyledons: Apocynaceae - Apocynaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 149 Plumeria rubra L. Cited as: Plumeria acuminata Ait. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Frangipani, Mawk-sam-ka, Mawk-sam-pailong, Pagoda tree, Red plumeria, Sonpabataing, Tayok-saga, Tayoksaga-ani Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze Cited as: Pottsia cantoniensis Hook. & Arn. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Rauvolfia microcarpa Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taung-zalat Rauvolfia rivularis Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Bonma-yaza Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Cited as: Rauvolfia densiflora (Thwaites) Benth., Rauvolfia ophiorrhizoides (Kurz) Kerr, Rauvolfia perakensis King & Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sin-bonma-yaza, Thit-nga-yok, Ye-zalut Strophanthus caudatus (L.) Kurz Cited as: Strophanthus dichotomus DC., Strophanthus scandens (Lour.) Roem. & Schult. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Strophanthus divaricatus Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strophanthus gratus (Wall. & Hook.) Baill. Cited as: Roupellia grata Wall. & Hook. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Strophanthus perakensis Scort. ex King & Gamble Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Strophanthus wallichii A. DC. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nasha-gyi, Strophanthus Tabernaemontana bovina Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tabernaemontana corymbosa Roxb. ex Wall. Cited as: Pagiantha peninsularis Kerr Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Ervatamia coronaria (Willd.) Stapf, Ervatamia divaricata Burkill, Ervatamia recurva (Roxb.) Lace Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cape jasmine, Lashi, Moonbeam, Taw-zalat, Zalat, Zalat-setkya Tabernaemontana graciliflora Wall. Cited as: Ervatamia graciliflora (Wall.) Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Tabernaemontana membranifolia Kurz Cited as: Ervatamia membranifolia (Kurz) Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides Kurz Cited as: Ervatamia ophiorrhizoides (Kurz) Markgraf Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myet-hna-pan, Myethna-pan Tabernaemontana pauciflora Blume Cited as: Ervatamia calycina Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Tabernaemontana peduncularis Wall. Cited as: Ervatamia peduncularis (Wall.) King & Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Tabernaemontana rostrata Wall. Cited as: Ervatamia rostrata (Wall.) Markgraf, Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Tabernaemontana subcapitata Wall. Cited as: Ervatamia subcapitata (Wall.) Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Zalat-thein Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mawk-hkam-long, Payaung- Dicotyledons: Apocynaceae - Apocynaceae 150 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar pan, Sethnayathi, Yellow oleander Trachelospermum asiaticum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Nakai Cited as: Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. f., Trachelospermum siamense Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Trachelospermum axillare Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Trachelospermum fragrans Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lemaire Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese star jasmine, Tayok- sabe Urceola lucida (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Kurz Cited as: Urceola esculenta Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-paung Urceola micrantha (Wall. ex G. Don) D.J. Middleton Cited as: Ecdysanthera micrantha A. DC., Ecdysanthera multiflora King & Gamble Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kwe-tang-tu, Nwe-do, Sitkauk Urceola tournieri (Pierre) D.J. Middleton Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vallaris solanacea (Roth) Kuntze Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Khinbok, Nabu-nwe Vinca rosea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Thinbaw-mahnyo-pan Willughbeia edulis Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Talaing-no, Thitkyauk-nwe Wrightia arborea (Dennst.) Mabb. Cited as: Wrightia tomentosa Roem. & Schult. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Danghkyam-kaii, Lettok-thein, Mai-lang, Mai-yang-hka-oaun, Taung-zalut Wrightia collettii Ngan Habit: Tree, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wrightia dubia (Sims) Spreng. Cited as: Strophanthus jackianus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Wrightia laevis Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wrightia religiosa Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bontayasa Aquifoliaceae Ilex atrata W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Ilex burmanica Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Ilex corallina Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ilex crenata Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ilex cvmosa Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ilex cyrtura Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ilex dipyrena Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ilex embelioides Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ilex englishii Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Ilex fragilis Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Ilex franchetiana Loesen. Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Aquifoliaceae - Aquifoliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 151 Distribution: Kachin Habit: Tree Ilex georgei Comber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Habit: Shrub Ilex wallichii Hook. f. Distribution: Kachin Habit: Tree Ilex godajam Colebr. Distribution: Taninthayi Habit: Tree Common Name(s): Ye-thabye Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ilex wardii Merr. Common Name(s): Paganbo Habit: Shrub Ilex griffithii Hook. f. Distribution: Kachin Habit: Small tree Ilex yunnanensis Franch. Distribution: Chin Habit: Shrub Ilex hookeri King Distribution: Kachin Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Araliaceae Ilex intricata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Aralia balfouriana Andre Distribution: Kachin Habit: Shrub Ilex macrophylla Hook. f. Distribution: Cultivated Habit: Small tree Aralia foliolosa Seem. Distribution: Taninthayi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Shan I i . lex melanotricha Merr Common Name(s): Tan-nam Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Aralia gintungensis C.Y. Wu ex K.M. Feng Habit: Small tree Ilex micrococca Maxim. er Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Aralia montana Blume Ilex nothofagacifolia Kingdon-Ward Cited as: Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem. . Habit: Small tree Habit: Small tree Lo : . Do . Distribution: Chin, Kachin Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Dagang Ilex perayi Franch. Aralia thomsonii Seem. Habit: Shrub Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing ietribution: Kachin Ilex perryana S.Y. Hu Common Name(s): Dagang, Dagang-chyamut Habit shrub ; ; Brassaia capitata C.B. Clarke Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Habit: Small tree Ilex sulcata Hook. f. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Tree Brassaiopsis aculeata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Distribution: Wide Seem 7S h -pl , Common Name(s): Saukyo, Thabye-pinpwa Habit: Small tree Ilex theaefolia Wall. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Brassaiopsis castaneifolia Philipson Habit: Small tree Ilex thomsoni Hook. f. Distribution: Wide Habit: Shrub eee ctribytion: Brassaiopsis ciliata Dunn Distribution: Kachin . i, .. Cited as: Brassaiopsis rockii Merr. Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes. Habit: Small tree Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kauktu, Saukyo Brassaiopsis ficifolia Dunn Habit: Small tree Ilex venulosa Hook. f. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Araliaceae - Araliaceae 152 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Blume) Regel Cited as: Brassaiopsis speciosa Decne. & Planch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Baw Brassaiopsis griffithii C.B. Clarke Cited as: Brassaiopsis trilobata Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Brassaiopsis hainla (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Seem. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kha-rnawng Brassaiopsis hispida C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Brassaiopsis mitis C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Brassaiopsis palmata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Dagang Dendropanax dentiger (Harms) Merr. Cited as: Dendropanax burmanicus Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S.Y. Hu Cited as: Acanthopanax aculeatum Seem., Acanthopanax trifoliatus Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Gamblea longipes Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedera helix C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): English ivy, Kyaukkat-nwe Hedera nepalensis K. Koch Cited as: Hedera himalaica Tobler Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Heptapleurum elatum C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Heptapleurum venulosum Seem. Habit: Small tree, Climber Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myauk-letwa, Natthami-letwa, Tauktet-letwa Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb. ex DC.) Seem. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyaungdauk, Kyaung-sha-letto, Mai-aw-sang, Mai-mak-long-ka-hkam, Tachanza Macropanax dispermus (Blume) Kuntze Cited as: Macropanax oreophilum Miq., nom. illegit. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Mon Macropanax undulatus (Wall. ex G. Don) Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway Merrilliopanax listeri (King) H.L. Li Cited as: Dendropanax listeri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Cited as: Panax schin-seng Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Asiatic ginseng, Chinese ginseng, Kauli-thein Panax pseudoginseng Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Panax quinquefolium L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): American ginseng Pentapanax armata Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Pentapanax leschenaultii Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Pentapanax racemosa Seem. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin Pentapanax stellatum King Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalon-letthe Schefflera bengalensis Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Araliaceae - Araliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 153 Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schefflera hypoleuca (Kurz) Harms Cited as: Heptapleurum hypoleucum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mon Common Name(s): Kane-pee Schefflera impressa (C.B. Clarke) Harms Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schefflera khasiana (C.B. Clarke) R. Viguier Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schefflera lawranceana R. Viguier Cited as: Heptapleurum lawranceanum Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Schefflera minutistellata Merr. ex H.L. Li Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Schefflera subintegra (Craib) Frodin Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schefflera tenuis Li Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trevesia palmata (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Vis. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Dagang, Hpaw, Nbaudagang Tupidanthus calyptratus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Satay Woodburnia penduliflora Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Aralidiaceae Aralidium pinnatifidum Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthay1 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia atropurpurea Par. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Poe-that Aristolochia cucurbitoides Liang Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristolochia griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson ex Duch. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristolochia hookeriana Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Fly catching plant Aristolochia indica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Eik-tha-ra-muli, Indian birth wort Aristolochia pierrei Lecomte Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristolochia roxburghiana Klotzsch Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kayin, Sagaing, Yangon Aristolochia saccata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Aristolochia tagala Cham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Aristolochia transsecta (Chatterjee) C.Y. Wu Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aristolochia wardiana Ma Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Asarum cordifolium Fischer Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Thottea tomentosa (Blume) Ding Hou Cited as: Bragantia tomentosa Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Alpam root Asclepiadaceae Adelostemma gracillimum Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Sagaing Dicotyledons: Aralidiaceae - Asclepiadaceae 154 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Asclepias curassavica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blood flower, False ipecacuanha, Pandein-ngo, Shwedagon Atherolepis venosa Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Atherolepis wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Sagaing Common Name(s): Twin-net Atherostemon javensis Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Brachystelma edulis Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. ex W.T. Aiton Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Giant swallow-wort, Mayo-gyi, Vercum Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Mayo, Swallow-wort Caralluma fimbriata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Caralluma umbellata Haw. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tazaung-ga, Tazaung-gyin Ceropegia arnottiana Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): U-ta-lon Ceropegia attenuata Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ceropegia elegans Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Ceropegia farrokhii McCann Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Ceropegia kachinensis Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Ceropegia longifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ceropegia lucida Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay Ceropegia nana Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ceropegia pubescens Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ceropegia trichantha Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. & Schult. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Nasha-gyi, Thaman-gya Cryptolepis elegans Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Cynanchum callialata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Cynanchum corymbosum Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Cynanchum megalanthum M.G. Gilbert & P.T. Li Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia acutifolia Maingay ex Hook. f. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia benghalensis Colebr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dischidia clavata Wall. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dischidia hirsuta Decne. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dischidia imbricata (Blume) Steud. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia lancifolia Ridl. Dicotyledons: Asclepiadaceae - Asclepiadaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 155 Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia micholitzii N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Dischidia nummularia Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dischidia punctata (Blume) Decne. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dischidia rafflesiana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dregea volubilis Benth. ex Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gwedauk-nwe Finlaysonia obovata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi, Yangon Genianthus auriantiacus (C.Y. Wu ex Tsiang & P.T. Li) J. Klackenberg Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Genianthus bicoronatus J. Klackenberg Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Genianthus laurifolius (Roxb.) Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Nyaung-ban-nwe Gongronema nepalense Decne. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Gymnema acuminatum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi Gymnema glabrum Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay Gymnema griffithii Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Gymnema hirsutum Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Gymnema lacei Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Gymnema lactiferum R. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Gymnema latifolium Wall. ex Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon Gymnema molle Wall. ex Wight Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Gymnema tingens Spreng. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Hemidesmus indicus (L.) W.T. Aiton Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indian sarsaparilla, Upa-tha-ka Holostemma annularis Schum. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Hoya bella Hook. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Payaung-ban Hoya burmanica Rolfe Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hka-mone Hoya carnosa R. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Wax plant Hoya commutata M.G. Gilbert & P.T. Li Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hoya dickasoniana P.T. Li Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hoya diversifolia Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Hoya erythrostemma Kerr Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hoya fusca Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Hoya kingdonwardii P.T. Li Dicotyledons: Asclepiadaceae - Asclepiadaceae 156 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hoya lanceolata Wall. ex D. Don Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Hoya linearis Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Hoya longifolia Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Hoya manipurensis Deb Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Hoya micrantha Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hoya multiflora Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Hoya myanmarica P.T. Li Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hoya obtusifolia Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hoya parviflora Wall. ex Traill. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don Cited as: Hoya parasitica Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Payaung-pan Leptadenia reticulata Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Gon-cho, Gon-nwe Lygisma angustifolia Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Marsdenia barbata Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Marsdenia carnosa Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Marsdenia leiocarpa King & Prain ex Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Marsdenia tenacissima Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Marsdenia tinctoria R. Br. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Micholitzia obcordata N.E. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Myriopteron extensum (Wight) K. Schum. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gwedauk-nwe, Singrumanum, Sumru-manam Oxystelma esculentum R. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kauk-yo-nwe Pentanura khasiana Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pentasacme caudatum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyauk-pan Pentasacme shanense MacGregor & W.W. Sm. Cited as: Gymnema shanense MacGregor & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay Periploca calophylla (Wight) Falc. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Physostelma carnosa Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Raphistemma pulchellum (Roxb.) Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Yangon Sarcolobus carinatus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Sarcolobus globosus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kayein, Kayu Sarcostemma acidum (Roxb.) Voigt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br. Dicotyledons: Asclepiadaceae - Asclepiadaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 157 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stephanotis floribunda Brogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Madagascar jasmine, Thinbaw- zalat Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Streptocaulon tomentosum Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Hon-pin, Myinsa-gonni Telosma minor (Andrews) Craib Cited as: Pergularia minor Andrews Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dauk-salat Telosma pallida (Wight & Arn.) Craib Cited as: Pergularia pallida Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwedauk-thein, Swe-daw-nwe Toxocarpus griffithii Decne. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Toxocarpus himalensis Falc. ex Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Toxocarpus villosus Decne. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Tylophora flexuosa R. Br. Cited as: Tylophora tenuis Blume Habit: Climber Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Tylophora helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Country ipecac, Upa-tha-ka, Vomiting swallow-wort Tylophora longifolia Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Tylophora macrantha Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Tylophora purpurea Wall. ex Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tylophora squarrosa Ridl. Cited as: Tylophora wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Wattakaka volubilis (L. f.) Stapf Cited as: Marsdenia volubilis (L. f.) Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwe-dauk-nwe Asteraceae Acanthospermum australe (Schrank) Kuntze Cited as: Acanthospermum xanthoides DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Achillea clavennae L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Acilepis aspera (Buch.-Ham.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia roxburghii Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Kunga-seni-ok Acilepis clivorum (Hance) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia clivorum Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mon Acilepis dendigulensis (DC.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia indica Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Acilepis saligna (DC.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia saligna DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kun-nyin Acilepis silhetensis (DC.) H. Robinson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acilepis squarrosa D, Don Cited as: Vernonia teres Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pan-thadee, Taw-kyet-mauk Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen Cited as: Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murray Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 158 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hingala, Pe-lenyin, Shadon-po Acmella paniculata (Wall. ex DC.) R.K. Jansen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Adenostemma lavenia (L.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Sin-bizat-gyi Ageratum conyzoides L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Goatweed, Kadu-hpo Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Paung-khon-pan Ainsliaea angustifolia Hook. f. & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ainsliaea aptera DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay Ainsliaea brandisiana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin Ainsliaea latifolia (D. Don) Schultz-Bip. Cited as: Ainsliaea pteropoda DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lagasca Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kok-ka-ya, Pellitory Anaphalis busua (Buch.-Ham.) DC, Cited as: Anaphalis araneosa DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kant-pa-lu Anaphalis contorta (D. Don) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Anaphalis corymbifera Chang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anaphalis griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. Cited as: Anaphalis cinnamomea C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Anaphalis nepalensis (Spreng.) Hand.-Mazz. Cited as: Anaphalis cuneifolia Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Anaphalis royleana DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Anisopappus chinensis Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J. Bergius Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African daisy, Kya-myet-lon Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.-Bip. Cited as: Chrysanthemum frutescens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Artemisia annua L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Artemisia indica Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Artemisia japonica Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Pha-let-wa Artemisia myriantha Wall. ex Bess. Cited as: Artemisia burmanica Pampan. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Artemisia pallens Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dawna-pan Artemisia parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Ngan-say, Thit-nan-gaing Artemisia persica Boiss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Let-ka-du Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Artemisia vulgaris L. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 159 Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Fleabane, Indian wormwood, Me-di-dok, Thit-nan-gaing Aster albescens (DC.) Wall. ex Koehne Cited as: Microglossa albescens C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Aster amellus L. Cited as: Aster trinervius Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Aster, Maymyo-pan, Maymyo- pan-yaing Aster fuscescens Bur. & Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aster helenae Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Aster salwinensis Onno Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Aster wattii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Bellis perennis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Daisy, Mya-ta-pwint Bidens alba DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Ta-sae-ark, Ta-sae-ut Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bidens pilosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Spanish needle, Ta-sae-ut Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Blumea aromatica DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ya-nat Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Phon-ma-thein, Shan camphor Blumea bifoliata (L.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Blumea clarkei Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Blumea densiflora DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ngar camphor, Phon-mathein Blumea diffusa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz Cited as: Blumea glomerata DC., Blumea nodiflora Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi Blumea hieracifolia (D. Don) DC. Cited as: Blumea chinensis DC., Blumea sericans Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Blumea lanceolata (DC.) Warb. Cited as: Blumea myriocephala DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. Cited as: Blumea wightiana DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Blumea napifolia DC. Cited as: Blumea membranacea DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Blumea oxyodonta DC, Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Blumea repanda (Roxb.) Hand.-Mazz. Cited as: Blumea procera DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Blumea riparia (Blume) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Blumea sinuata (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Blumea laciniata (Roxb.) DC. Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 160 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Blumea virens DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadu Brachycome iberidifolia Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khin-po-mai, Swan River daisy Caesulia axillaris Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calendula officinalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Calendula, Pot marigold, Shwe- ta-sok Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees Cited as: Aster chinensis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Aster, Maymyo-pan Carpesium cernuum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Carpesium trachelifolium Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Carthamus tinctorius L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Safflower, Tsu-ban Centaurea moschata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Beik-theik-pan, Sweet sultan Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Asch. Cited as: Centipeda orbicularis Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chay-sat, Sat-cahy, Sneezewort Centratherum burmanicum Gamble Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chaetoseris hastata (Wall. ex DC.) Shih Cited as: Lactuca hastata Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson Cited as: Eupatorium odoratum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bezat, Bizat, Jamani-chon Chrysanthemum roxburghii Desf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eingaleik-gandama Cichorium endivia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Endive Cichorium intybus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chicory, Chi-ko-ri Cirsium chinense Gardn. & Champ. Cited as: Cnicus sinensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cirsium eriophoroides (Hook. f.) Petrak Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cirsium involucratum DC, Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cissampelopsis corifolia C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cissampelopsis volubilis (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Senecio araneosus DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cissampelopsis walkeri (Arn.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Cited as: Senecio walkeri Arm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cnicus eriophoroides Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Ait. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Conyza burmeana Gamble Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Conyza japonica Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Conyza semipinnatifida Wall. ex DC. Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 161 Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Byaing-wah-pin-zauk Conyza spinellosa Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Conyza stricta Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker Cited as: Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Fleabane Conyza viscidula Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay Coreopsis grandiflorus Nutt. ex Champ. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Coreopsis maritima (Nutt.) Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sea dahlia Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Golden coreopsis, Sein-chai- pan Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cosmos, Mawlamyaing-pan, Shwe-din-ga-pan Cosmos caudatus H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Taninthayi Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Paw-me-tar, Sein-chai-kadipa Cotula hemisphaerica Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Cousinia prolifera Jaub. & Spach Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Cremanthodium acernuum Good Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium atrocapitatum Good Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium campanulatum (Franch.) Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium citriflorum Good Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium delavayi Diels ex Leveille Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium farreri W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Cremanthodium gracillimum W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium pulchrum Good Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cremanthodium wardii W.W, Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Crepis chloroclada Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crepis silhetensis Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Crepis subscaposa Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadu-pyan Cyanthillium patulum (Aitch.) H. Robinson Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Cyathocline birmanica Gand. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyathocline lyrata Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Mayagan Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 162 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cynara cardunculus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Globe artichoke Dahlia imperialis Roezl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tree dahlia Dahlia pinnata Cav. Cited as: Dahlia variabilis Desf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dahlia, Mogok-pan Dichrocephala auriculata (Thunb.) Druce Cited as: Dichrocephala latifolia DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Dichrocephala integrifolia (L. f.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicoma tomentosa Cass. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Dubyaea atropurpurea (Franch.) Stebbins Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dubyaea chimiliensis (W.W. Sm.) Stebbins Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Cited as: Rudbeckia speciosa Wender. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Cornflower Echinops cornigerus DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Echinops echinatus Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Su-lon Echinops niveus Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyeik-hman Elephantopus scaber L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Ka-tu-pin, Ma-tu-pin, Sin-che Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kana-hpaw Epaltes divaricata (L.) Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Erigeron alpinus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing Erigeron asteroides Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Byaing-chi Erigeron karwinskianus DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Daisy fleabane Erigeron mucronatus DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Eupatorium cannabinum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bizat, Hkwe-thay-pan Eupatorium lindleyanum F. Newell Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Bizat Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blanket flower, Daung-pan, Kalamet-ywet-kya Galinsoga parviflora Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gerbera, On-ma-dan-ni, Transvaal daisy Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 163 Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Glossocardia bosvallia DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Gnaphalium adnatum Wall. Cited as: Anaphalis adnata (Wall.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Gnaphalium flaccidum Kurz ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC, Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Gnaphalium indicum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Yangon Common Name(s): Byaing-che, Taw-dawna Gnaphalium luteoalbum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Byaingehi-byu Goniocaulon glabrum Cass. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-ma-hnyo-lon, Ye-tazwet Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-hnan Gymnanthemum andersonii (C.B. Clarke) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia andersoni C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Gymnanthemum arboreum (Buch.-Ham.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia arborea Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Gymnanthemum cylindriceps (C.B. Clarke) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia cylindriceps C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Ngapasi Gymnanthemum obovatum Gaudich. Cited as: Vernonia scandens DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Gymnanthemum solanifolium (Benth.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia solanifolia Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Gymnanthemum vidalii (Merr.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia vidalti Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium (DC.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia volkameriaefolia (Wall.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Arl-koop, Pa-yan-phyu, Se- damauk, Se-gyi, Unhtung Gynura crepidioides Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore Cited as: Gynura angulosa Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kadu Gynura nepalensis DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Gynura nitida DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Gynura pseudochina DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan Helianthus annuus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Negya, Sunflower Helianthus decapetalus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Negya-yaing, Wild sunflower Helianthus tuberosus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Jerusalem artichoke, Pe-po-di, Sunroot Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 164 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Helipterum roseum Benth. Cited as: Acroclinium roseum Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemistrepta lyrata Bunge Cited as: Saussurea affinis Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Pan-nu Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Inula divaricatum (Benth. & Hook. f.) B. Fedtsch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Inula eupatorioides DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Inula paludosa DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Inula polygonata DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Inula rubricaulis (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Magway Ismelia versicolor Cass. Cited as: Chrysanthemum tricolor Andrews Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Chrysanthemum, Gandama Ixeridium sagittarioides (C.B. Clarke) Shih Cited as: /xeris sagittarioides (C.B. Clarke) Stebbins Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Ixeris polycephala Cass. Cited as: Lactuca polycephala Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Jurinea edulis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Jurinea salwinensis Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jurinea taraxacifolia Anthony Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip. Cited as: Boltonia indica Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Kleinia grandiflora (Wall. ex DC.) N. Rani Cited as: Notonia crassissima DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lachnorhiza piloselloides A. Rich. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Lactuca gracilipetiolata Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lactuca grandiflora Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Lactuca longifolia (Wall.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Lactuca sativa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lettuce, Sa-la, Salat, Salat- ywet, Thaba-bo-ku Laggera alata Sch.-Bip. ex Oliv. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Laggera aurita Sch.-Bip. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Laggera flava Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kadu-kywet-na Laggera pterodonta Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Launaea acaulis (Roxb.) Babcock ex Kerr Cited as: Crepis acaulis Hook. f., Microrhynchus glaber Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadu-galay-pin Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Merr. & Chun Cited as: Launaea pinnatifida Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Leontopodium alpinum Cass. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 165 Distribution: Kachin Leontopodium aurantiacum Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leontopodium delavayanum Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leontopodium forrestianum Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leontopodium jacotianum Beauverd Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Leucanthemum maximum (Rom.) DC. Cited as: Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Oxeye daisy Leucomeris decora Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kael-koop, Ni-a-pway, Phet- pya, Wet-hmwe-sok-pin Ligularia chimiliensis Chang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ligularia dentata (A. Gray) Hara Cited as: Senecio clivorum Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Ligularia hookeri (C.B. Clarke) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ligularia phyllocolea Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ligularia racemosa DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ligularia schizopetala (W.W. Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Melampodium divaricatum DC. Cited as: Melampodium paludosum H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Japan-ne-gya Melanthera biflora (L.) Wild Cited as: Wedelia biflora (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bizat Microglossa volubilis DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Bezat, Bizat Mikania micrantha H.B.K. Cited as: Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Montanoa bipinnatifida C. Koch Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tree daisy Myanmaria calycina (DC.) H. Robinson Cited as: Vernonia calycina Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Myriactis nepalensis Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Myriactis wallichii Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Notonia vestita Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling Cited as: Vicoa auriculata Cass. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Picris hieracioides L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Pluchea doniana Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pluchea indica (L.) Less. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Shan Common Name(s): Khayu, Wabalu Prenanthes hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Prenanthes hothae Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prenanthes volubilis Merr. Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 166 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Distribution: Mon Prenanthes yakoensis J.F. Jeffrey Senecio ligularia Hook. f. Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Distribution: Kachin Pterocaulon redolens (Willd.) F. Vill. Senecio nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Cited as: Pterocaulon cylindrostachyum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Distribution: Bago Senecio obtusatus Wall. ex DC. Rhynchospermum verticillatum Reinw. Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Senecio peguanus DC. Rudbeckia hirta L. Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Distribution: Cultivated Senecio rhabdos C.B. Clarke Common Name(s): Black-eyed Susan Habit: Climber/Creeper Saussurea atrata W.E. Evans Distribution: Chin Habit: Herb Senecio royleanus DC. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Herb Saussurea deltoidea (DC.) C.B. Clarke Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: nem hi Senecio saxatilis Wall. Distribution: Chin Habit: Climber/Creeper Saussurea peguensis C.B. Clarke Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Habit: Herb Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Climber/Creeper Senecio andersoni C.B. Clarke Distribution: Cultivated Habit: Herb Common Name(s): Tsing-daw Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Senecio zeylanicus DC. Senecio biligulatus W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Siegesbeckia orientalis L. Senecio bulleyanus Diels Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sinosenecio euosmus (Hand.-Mazz.) B. Nord. Senecio calocephalus Chang Habit: Herb Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sinosenecio oldhamianus (Maxim.) B. Nord. Senecio chrysanthemoides DC. Cited as: Senecio oldhamianus Maxim. Habit: Shrub Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Distribution: Kachin Senecio cymatocrepis Diels Common Name(s): Yabaing-pin Habit: Herb Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Senecio diversifolius Wall. Common Name(s): Goldenrod, Khaing-shwe-wa Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonchus arvensis L. Habit: Herb Senecio kingianus W.W. Sm. oes ; Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Sonchus hotha C.B. Clarke Senecio kurzii C.B. Clarke ‘Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 167 Sphaeranthus africanus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Sphaeranthus indicus L. Cited as: Sphaeranthus hirtus Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Da-naung, East Indian globe thistle, Kadu, Mon-di Sphaeranthus peguensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago Common Name(s): Kadu Sphaeranthus senegalensis A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sphagneticola calendulacea (L.) Pruski Cited as: Wedelia calendulacea (L.) Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nay-kyar-gale, Negya-gale Stenoseris graciliflora (Wall. ex DC.) Shih Cited as: Lactuca graciliflora Wall. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Syncalathium souliei (Franch.) Ling Cited as: Lactuca souliei Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bizat-hpo Synotis alata (Wall. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Synotis birmanica C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Synotis cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Cited as: Senecio densiflorus Wall. Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Wide Synotis nagensium (C.B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Synotis pseudoalata (Ching) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Synotis triligulata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Cited as: Senecio pentanthus Merr., Senecio triligulatus Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Synotis yui C. Jeffrey & Y.L. Chen Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tagetes erecta L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African marigold, Aztec marigold, Dewali-pan, Kala-pan Tagetes patula L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): French marigold Tanacetum cinerariifolium Sch.-Bip. Cited as: Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (Trev.) Vis. & Bocce. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pyrethrum, Se-gandama Taraxacum mitalii Soest Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thespis divaricata DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tithonia diversifolia A. Gray Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Nay-kyar, Negya Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake Cited as: Tithonia tagetifolia Desf. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mexican sunflower, Negya-ni Tragopogon porrifolius L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Monla-u-chin, Oyster plant, Salsify Tricholepis karensium Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Tridax procumbens L. Dicotyledons: Asteraceae - Asteraceae 168 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Coat button, Hmwezok-ne-gya Vernonia adenophylla Mart. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vernonia alpinii Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Vernonia attenuata DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Vernonia birmanica (Kuntze) Merr. Cited as: Cacalia burmanica Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vernonia blanda DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Vernonia bracteata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vernonia divergens Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Vernonia elaeagnifolia DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Vernonia extensa DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Vernonia gymnoclada Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Vernonia helferi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Vernonia hyalina Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Vernonia lobbii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Vernonia mollissima Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vernonia parishii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Vernonia peguensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine Vernonia subsessilis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Rakhine Vernonia tavoyana Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Vernonia thomsonii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wedelia montana (Blume) Boer}. Cited as: Wedelia wallichii Less. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Wedelia urticaefolia DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Bizat-hpo Xanthium strumarium L. Cited as: Xanthium americanum Walt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Burrweed, Gyosa-gauk-pin, Katsine, Kyat, Pinle-zi Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Cited as: Crepis japonica Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Zinnia elegans Jacq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common zinnia, Htattaya-pan, Zinnia Aucubaceae Aucuba chinensis Benth. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aucuba himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Avicenniaceae Avicennia alba Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lame Dicotyledons: Aucubaceae - Avicenniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 169 Avicennia officinalis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lame, Meppin, Thame, Thame- net Balanitaceae Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Desert date, Su-balwe, Thit- palwe Balanites triflora Tiegh. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Salwe, Su-balwe, Thit-palwe Balanophoraceae Balanophora dioica R. Br. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Shan Balanophora globosa Jungh. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Balanophora indica Wall. Habit: Saprophytic herb Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Balsaminaceae Hydrocera triflora (L.) Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens allanii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens andersoni Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens arguta Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Impatiens balsamina L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common garden balsam, Dan- pan, Dantalet, Pan-shit Impatiens brandisii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens capillipes Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Impatiens cathcartii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Impatiens ceratophora Comber Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens chimiliensis Comber Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens chinensis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-dan-gale Impatiens circaeoides Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Impatiens clavicuspis Hook. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens craddockii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Impatiens curvipes Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Impatiens delicata Toppin Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens ecalcarata Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens erubescens Dunn Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens florulenta Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens jurpia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Balanitaceae - Balsaminaceae 170 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Impatiens kachinensis Hook. f. ex Toppin Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens kamtilongensis Toppin Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens lacei Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Impatiens laevigata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Impatiens masoni Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens micromeris Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens mokimi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Impatiens parkinsonii Fisch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens peguana Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens porphyrea Toppin Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens pritchardii Toppin Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens pulchra Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Impatiens radiata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Impatiens rangoonensis Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Impatiens reticulata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Impatiens sarissiformis Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens siculifera Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens sinlumiensis C. Grey-Wilson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Impatiens tavoyana Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Yangon Impatiens thomsoni Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Impatiens toppinii Dunn Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Impatiens tripetala Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Impatiens violaeflora Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Impatiens xanthina Comber Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Basellaceae Basella alba L. Cited as: Basella rubra L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Ginbeik, Indian spinach Boussingaultia baselloides H.B.K. Habit: Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gaw-thazin, Madeira vine, Mignonette Begoniaceae Begonia acetosella Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Begonia alaecida C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Begonia andamensis Parish ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Dicotyledons: Basellaceae - Begoniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 171 Begonia barbata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Begonia bowringiana Champ. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Begonia brandisiana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia burmensis L.B. Sm. & Wasshausen Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Begonia cathcartii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Begonia coccinea Host. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Begonia crenata Dryand. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Begonia delicatula Par. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia dux C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia fibrosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia flaccidissima Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Begonia gigantea Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Sein-taung Begonia goniotis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Begonia herveyana King Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Begonia hydrocotylifolia Otto Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pennywort begonia Begonia hymenophylloides Kingdon-Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Begonia integrifolia Dalzell Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Begonia laciniata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyaukchin-gyi Begonia lubbersii E. Morr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Begonia lucerna Hort. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Begonia martabanica A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia megaptera A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Begonia modestiflora Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mon, Rakhine Begonia moulmeinensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia nivea Par. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia paleacea Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia palmata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Begonia parishii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia parvulifora A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia picta Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Begonia procridifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Begonia prolifera A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia rex Putz. Dicotyledons: Begoniaceae - Begoniaceae 172 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Begonia roxburghii A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Begonia sandalifolia C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Begonia scutata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Begonia sikkimensis A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Begonia sinuata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Begonia subperfoliata Par. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia surculigera Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Begonia thomsonii A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Begonia tricuspidata C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia triradiata C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Begonia verticillata Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Berberidaceae Berberis aemulans Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis amabilis C.K. Schneider Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Berberis asiatica Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Barberry, Se-wa-gyi Berberis bhutanensis Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis bicolor Lev. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Berberis buchananii C.K. Schneider Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Berberis burmanica Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis capillaris Cox ex Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Berberis collettii Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis coxii Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis favosa W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Berberis hypokerina Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Berberis incrassata Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis insignis Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Berberis laevis Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Berberis metapolyantha Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Berberis rufescens Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Berberis telomaica Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Berberis venusta Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Berberis victoriana D.F. Chamberlain & C.M. Hu Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Berberidaceae - Berberidaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 173 Berberis wallichiana DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Mahonia acanthifolia G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Mahonia aristulata Ahrendt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mahonia calamicaulis Spare & Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Mahonia lomariifolia Takeda Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Mahonia nepalensis DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khaing-shwe-wa, Khine-shwe- war Mahonia pruinosa Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Mahonia siamensis Takeda Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Mahonia sikkimensis Takeda Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Mahonia thomsoniana Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Mahonia thunbergii DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Su-pan Betulaceae Alnus nepalensis D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Alder, Hyang, Mai-bau, Nbau, Ning-bau, Yang-bau Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Birch, Bu-za-bat-pin, Cherry- bo, Hriang Betula cylindrostachya Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Betula utilis D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Bu-za-bat-pin Bignoniaceae Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum. Cited as: Tecoma grandiflora Loisel. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Campsis radicans Seem. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese trumpet vine, Shwe- zezawa Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyetthun-hpyu-nwe, Nwe-pay Dolichandrone atrovirens Sprague Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thakut Dolichandrone falcata Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thakut Dolichandrone serrulata Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tha-khut Dolichandrone spathacea (L. f.) K. Schum. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hingut, Mangrove trumpet tree, Thakut, Thakut-ma Dolichandrone velutina Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Heterophragma adenophylla (Wall.) Seem. ex Benth. & Hook. Cited as: Haplophragma adenophylla (Wall.) Dop Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Karen wood, Mayu-de, Petthan, Phet-than Heterophragma sulfureum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mayude, Petthan, Thit-linda Dicotyledons: Betulaceae - Bignoniaceae 174 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Jacaranda acutifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Seinban-apya, Seinban-pya Jacaranda rhombifolia G. Mey. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Seinban-apya-ywet-seit Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Cited as: Kigelia pinnata DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Sausage tree Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry Cited as: Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Cat's claw creeper, Nwe-bya Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry Cited as: Pseudocalymma alliacea (Lam.) Sandw. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-thun-phyu-nwe Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem. ex K. Schum. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kwe, Ma-hlwa, Mai-kye, Mayu-de, Pauk-kyan Mayodendron igneum (Kurz) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Egayit-ni, Hpun-hpawk, Mai- pyit, Sumhtung, Sumtungh-kyeng Millingtonia hortensis L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Egayit, Indian cork tree, Mai- long-ka-hkam, Sum-tung-hpraw Nyctocalos brunfelsiiflora Teijsm. & Binn. Cited as: Nyctocalos shanica MacGregor & W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Byili pili, Cat's tongue, Kyaung-sha, Mai-maklin-sang, Mai-ma-leinka Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schum. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyaung-dauk, Kyaung-sha- letto Pauldopia ghorta (Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don) Steenis Habit: Climber Distribution: Shan Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Golden shower, Kyet-thon-pyu- nwe, Shwe-let-chaung, Shwe-zizawa Radermachera borii Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Radermachera glandulosa (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Stereospermum glandulosum Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thakut Saritaea magnifica (Steenis) Dugand Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shwe-zezawa Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African tulip tree, Ar-fri-ka- kyu-lit-pin Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabb. Cited as: Stereospermum personatum (Hassk.) Chatterjee Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hingut-pho, Hingut-po, Kywe- ma-gyo-lein, Sin-gwe, Thakut-pho, Thakut-po, Thande, Than-tay Stereospermum crenulatum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stereospermum fimbriatum (Wall. ex G. Don) A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Paw-taw-yer, Thakut-po, Than- that, Than-thit Stereospermum grandiflorum Cubitt & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thande Stereospermum hypostictum Miq. Dicotyledons: Bignoniaceae - Bignoniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 175 Cited as: Radermachera gigantea Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Stereospermum neuranthum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kundan, Latsen, Thanbe, Thande Stereospermum serrulatum DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stereospermum suaveolens DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Kywema-gyo-lein, Mai-kye, Thakut-po, Thande Stereospermum wallichii C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Tabebuia heterophylla (DC.) Britton Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rosy trumpet tree, Ta-bay-bu- ah Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sein-ta-kyu, Yellow bells, Yellow elder Tecoma undulata G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinwin-ni Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Annatto, Hpawng-long-awn, Lipstick tree, Po-thidin, Thidin, Tun-hpawng Bombacaceae Bombax anceps Pierre Cited as: Salmalia anceps (Pierre) Stearn Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kokhe, Mai-hnyot-pah Bombax ceiba L. Cited as: Bombax malabaricum DC., Salmalia malabarica (DC.) Schott & Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadung, Kawl-tung-peng, Kroik, Letpan, Mai-nio, Red silk cotton tree, Tri Bombax insigne Wall. Cited as: Salmalia insignis Schott & Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Didok, Didu, Kadaung, Kloh, Pa-raik, Taung-let-pan, Tum-peng, White silk cotton tree Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kapok, Le-moh-pin, Lewah, Thinbaw-letpan Durio burmanicus Soegeng Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Durio malaccensis Planch. ex Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Durio mansoni (Gamble) Bakh. Cited as: Boschia mansonii Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Taw-duyin, Turimi Durio zibethinus Murray Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Civet fruit, Durian, Duyin, To- ray Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Balsa, Cork tree, Hpaw-thit, Wool tree Boraginaceae Anchusa azurea Mill. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Anchusa capensis Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Coldenia procumbens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Dicotyledons: Bixaceae - Boraginaceae 176 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Taukte-letwa Cordia brunnea Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-thanat Cordia clarkii Brace Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Cordia dichotoma Forst. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayah, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpak-mong, Kal, Kasondeh, Sebasten tree, Thanat, Thanut, Tun-paw-man Cordia fragrantissima Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hmatkyauk, Kawok, Sandawa, Taung-kalamet Cordia gharaf Ehrenb. ex Asch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thanat, Thanut Cordia globifera W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Cordia grandis Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmaik, Pak-man, Taung-thanut Cordia mhaya Kerr Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cordia monoica Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Cordia myxa L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-thanut, Thanat Cordia subcordata Lam. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thanat Cordia wallichii G. Don Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Large sebasten, Thanat-gyi Cynoglossum amabile Stapf Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese forget-me-not, May- bu-maung Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cynoglossum micranthum Desf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Shan Cynoglossum zealanica (Vahl.) Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Ehretia acuminata R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Petthin, Taw-petsut, Zibyin Ehretia confinis 1.M. Johnst. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ehretia laevis Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyaung-byu, Kadu-milaung, Moksoam-kan, Tawkunkauk, Taw-swen-kyauk Ehretia macrophylla Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway Ehretia obtusifolia Hochst. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Ehretia parallela C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Ehretia retusa Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Ehretia wallichiana Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk Heliotropium indicum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Sin-hna-maung, Sin-let-maung Heliotropium ovalifolium Forssk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sin-let-maung-gale Heliotropium paniculatum R. Br. Dicotyledons: Boraginaceae - Boraginaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 177 Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Heliotropium strigosum Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sin-letmaung-gale Heliotropium supinum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sin-letmaung-gale Onosma bracteatum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nasha-gyi Onosma burmanicum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Onosma thomsoni C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Paracarvum glochidiatum Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Rotula aquatica Lour. Cited as: Rhabdia lycioides Mart. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Tournefortia hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Tournefortia khasianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Tournefortia ovata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Milaungcha Tournefortia roxburghii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sin-hna-maung, Thanpetkyot Tournefortia ternata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tournefortia viridiflora Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Trichodesma calycosum Collett & Hemstl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichodesma decurrens Banerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichodesma khasianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Trichodesma zeylanicum R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Brassicaceae Alyssum canescens DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sein-nagat-pan, Sweet alyssum Arabis alpina L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rock cress Brassica alba Boiss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Monnyin-byu, White mustard Brassica campestris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Colze, Swedish turnip, Wild mustard Brassica juncea Coss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Brown mustard, Indian mustard, Monnyin-ni, Samon-ni Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black mustard, Monnyin-net, True mustard Brassica oleracea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kale Brassica rapa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kabu-hpyu, Monla, Tayok- monla, Turnip Cardamine calthifolia Lev. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Brassicaceae - Brassicaceae 178 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cardamine circaeoides Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cardamine flexuosa Withering Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cardamine fragariifolia O.E. Schulz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cardamine hirsuta L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Monnyin Iberis amara L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Candytuft, Pauk-pauk-sok Iberis umbellata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Candytuft, Pauk-pauk-sok Lepidium sativum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden cress, Samon-ni Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sweet alyssum Mathiola incana R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common stock, Pyo-do-maung Megacarpaea delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taung-kya-gale, Watercress Pegaeophyton minutum Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pegaeophyton scapiflorum (Hook. f. & Thomson) C. Marquand & Airy Shaw Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Raphanus sativus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Monla, Monla-u, Radish Rorippa benghalensis H. Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rorippa dubia (Pers.) H. Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern Cited as: Nasturtium indicum (L.) DC., Nasturtium montanum Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pauk-thi-bin, Taw-mon-hnyin Sisymbrium alliaria Scop. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Chon-monhnyin, Hedge mustard Buddlejaceae Buddleja acutifolia C.H. Wright Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Buddleja asiatica Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Butterfly bush, Kyaung-migo, Mai-yun-puk, Majitala, Ya-pun-puk Buddleja candida Dunn Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Buddleja forestii Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Buddleja hookeri Marq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Buddleja limitanea W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway Buddleja longifolia Gagnep. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Buddleja macrostachya Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mai-nin-mauk, Pya-ye, Yo-na- kam Buddleja myriantha Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Dicotyledons: Buddlejaceae - Buddlejaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 179 Buddleja officinalis Maxim. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Buddleja paniculata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kaji-ta Burseraceae Canarium bengalense Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Shan, Taninthayi Canarium bennettii Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Canarium coccineo-bracteatum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalaw-maw_ , Canarium commune L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Java almond, Kenari-nut tree Canarium euphyllum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Canarium manii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Canarium subulatum Guill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Garuga pinnata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Chinyok, Mai-kham, Sinyok, Taesap Protium serratum Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Madi, Maidi, Mai-ti, Thadi, Yit-padi Buxaceae Sarcococca pruniformis Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Khwe-ei-pok Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sarcococca vagans Stapf Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cabombaceae Cabomba aquatica Aubl. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Wide Cactaceae Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Kalasaung-letwa Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Kalazaung-letwa, Kalazaw, Kyasha, Prickly pear, Shazaung-letwa Opuntia elatior Mill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Opuntia monacantha Haw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Pereskia aculeata Mull. Cited as: Pereskia reflexa A. Dietr. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mahaga-kywe-yay-kya Pereskia grandifolia Haw. Cited as: Pereskia grandiflora Pfeiff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Phyu-pya-mu-yar Rhipsalis baccifera (J.S. Muell.) Stearn Cited as: Cassytha baccifera J.S. Muell. Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Cultivated Selenicereus grandiflorus (L.) Britton & Rose Cited as: Cereus grandiflorus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Night-flowering cactus, Nya- hmwe-gamon Selenicereus testudo (Karw. ex Zucc.) F. Buxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Burseraceae - Cactaceae 180 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Caesalpiniaceae Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight ex Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mayanin, Pink cedar, Ye-tama Afzelia martabanica (Prain) J. Leonard Cited as: Pahudia martabanica Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pyin-padauk Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib Cited as: Pahudia cochinchinensis Pierre, Pahudia xylocarpa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Amherstia nobilis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Queen of flowering trees, Thawka, Thawka-gyi Bauhinia acuminata L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mahahlega-phyu, Orchid tree, Palan, Swe-daw Bauhinia bidentata Jack Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bauhinia brachycarpa Wall. ex Benth. Cited as: Bauhinia enigmatica Prain, Bauhinia parkinsonii Fisch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Nwe-palan Bauhinia bracteata (Grah. ex Benth.) Baker Cited as: Bauhinia helferi Craib, Bauhinia kurzii Prain, Bauhinia rosea Kurz, Bauhinia tortuosa Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nwe-palan Bauhinia diphylla Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Ketlan, Leikpya-nwe, Palan- nwe Bauhinia ferruginea Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Bauhinia glabrifolia (Benth.) Baker Cited as: Bauhinia sericea Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Bauhinia glauca (Wall. ex Benth.) Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nwe-palan Bauhinia involucellata Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Bauhinia lyrata Raizada Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Common Name(s): Palan-nwe Bauhinia malabarica Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bwegyin, Chinbyit, Selik, Shin- le yat Bauhinia meeboldii Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Bauhinia monandra Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Swedaw Bauhinia nervosa (Wall. ex Benth.) Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Palan, Patsho Bauhinia ornata Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Myauk-hlega, Swedaw-nwe Bauhinia piperifolia auct., non Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Bauhinia pottingeri Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Bauhinia pottsii G. Don Cited as: Bauhinia elongata Korth. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Bauhinia prainiana Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Dicotyledons: Caesalpiniaceae - Caesalpiniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 181 Bauhinia purpurea L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Butterfly tree, Maha-hlega-ni, Swedaw-ni Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-sio, Palan Bauhinia scandens L. Cited as: Bauhinia anguina Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ketlan, Myauk-hlega, Sha-lip- lakang, Snake climber Bauhinia semibifida Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Bauhinia similis Craib Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bauhinia stipularis Korth. Cited as: Bauhinia albolutea Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Bauhinia sulphurea Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Swedaw Bauhinia tomentosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Lahkyang, Mahahlega-wa, St. Thomas tree Bauhinia touranensis Gagnep. Cited as: Bauhinia genuflexa Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bwegyin, Mai-sio, Swedaw, Wut Bauhinia variegata L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Bauhinia viridescens Desv. Cited as: Bauhinia fusifera Fischer, Bauhinia polycarpa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lahkyang, Swedaw Bauhinia wallichii McBride Cited as: Bauhinia macrostachya Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Bauhinia yunnanensis Franch. Cited as: Bauhinia diptera Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ketlan-nwe Brownea grandiceps Jacq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rose of Venezuela, Taung- america-thawka Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Caesalpinia burmanica Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Caesalpinia cinclidocarpa Miq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Sagaing Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): American sumac, Divi-divi, Sun-lethe Caesalpinia crista L. Cited as: Caesalpinia nuga (L.) Ait. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bonduc nut, Fever nut, Kalein, Malem, Malin, Nicker nut, Sugauk-net, Suk yan-bo Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Cited as: Mezoneuron cucullatum Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyaung-kyet, Lamaw juru, Sun-letthe Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Cited as: Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mai-mak-ka-leng, Mysore thorn, Suk-yan-bo Caesalpinia digyna Rottl. Dicotyledons: Caesalpiniaceae - Caesalpiniaceae 182 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kalein, Mak-sup-ka-lun, Sun- lethe Caesalpinia enneaphylla Roxb. Cited as: Mezoneuron enneaphyllum Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyaung-kyet, Sun-letthe Caesalpinia furfuracea (Prain) Hattink Cited as: Mezoneuron furfuraceum Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Caesalpinia grandis Wall. Cited as: Mezoneuron grande Heyne ex Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyaung-kyet Caesalpinia hymenocarpa (Prain) Hattink Cited as: Mezoneuron hymenocarpum Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kalein Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kalein Caesalpinia microphylla Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Sun-letthe Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyabo-zawnan, Sukyanbo, Tikayan-gyi Caesalpinia minax Hance Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Alai-apaw, Barbados pride, Daung-sok, Peacock flower, Seinban-gale, Suma, Zaung-gale Caesalpinia regia Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Caesalpinia sappan L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Maikpan, Sappan wood, Sunthe, Teinnyet Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Cassia alata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hpak-lam-mon-long, Mezali- gyi, Pwesay-mezali, Ringworm shrub Cassia angustifolia Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arabian senna, Indian senna, Pwegaing, Tinnevelly senna Cassia auriculata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mataran tea, Peik-thingat, Tanner's tea Cassia bakeriana Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cassia bicapsularis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Dan-kywe Cassia corymbosa Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cassia fistula L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gawkngu, Indian laburnum, Ka-zo, Mai-lum, Ngu, Ngu-gyi, Ngu-shwe, Ngushwe-ama, Purging cassia, Pwabet Cassia glauca Lam. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pyiban-nyo, Pyiban-shwe Cassia grandis L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Horse cassia, Ngu-padamya, Nguzat-gyi, Pink shower Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dan-gywe Dicotyledons: Caesalpiniaceae - Caesalpiniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 183 Cassia javanica L. Cited as: Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mai-lum-awn, Ngok, Ngu, Ngu-sat, Ngu-thein, Pink cassia, Pink shower tree, White shower tree Cassia laevigata Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Dangywe-gyi Cassia leschenaultiana DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cassia marginata Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ngu-sat-ni, Red cassia Cassia mimosoides L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mezali Cassia multijuga Rich. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thiho-ngu Cassia obtusa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kathaw-pok, Nawnam, Negro coffee, Shan-kazaw, Wild coffee Cassia occidentalis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Country senna, Dangwe, Kazaw-bok Cassia pumila Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Cassia senna L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Alexandrian senna, Pwegaing Cassia sophera L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dangywe, Foetid cassia, Kazaw-pok-nge Cassia spectabilis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Panama-ngu Cassia tomentosa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kazazaw-bok Cassia tora L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Dangywe, Metal seed, Myay- pe-naw-nam Dinghkri, Ngusat Colvillea racemosa Bojer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Crudia mansoni Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cynometra cauliflora L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nam-nam Cynometra craibii Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Cynometra ramiflora L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myinga, Ye-minga Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Flamboyant, Gold mohur, Royal poinciana, Seinban Dialium indum L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-kaye Gleditsia microcarpa Metcalf Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Gleditsia sinensis Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Gymnocladus burmanicus C.E. Parkinson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Mya-pe-lar Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Caesalpiniaceae - Caesalpiniaceae 184 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Saga-lun, Tat-talum Intsia palembanica Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysidice rhodostegia Hance Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mezoneuron glabrum Desf. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Mezoneuron pubescens Desf. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Parkinsonia aculeata L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Jerusalem thorn, Mya-sein, Myinsa-goni Peltophorum dasyrachis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Peltophorum ferrugineum (Decne.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Back. ex K. Heyne Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rusty shield bearer, Thinbaw- mezali Pterolobium densiflorum Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chongyit-nwe, Sinyit-nwe Pterolobium indicum A. Rich. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Naturalized Pterolobium microphyllum Miq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chong yit-nwe, Sinyit-nwe Saraca bijuga Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-sayeik Saraca declinata (Jack) Miq. Cited as: Saraca cauliflora Baker, Saraca triandra Baker Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Soan-pan Saraca griffithiana Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Anya-thawka, Dawnghkreng Saraca indica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Asoka tree, Thawka, Thawka- po Saraca lobbiana Baker Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Natthami Saraca thaipingensis Cantley ex Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby Cited as: Cassia hirsuta L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kandauk Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby Cited as: Cassia siamea Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-mye-sili, Mejari, Mezali, Siamese cassia, Taw-mezali Senna timoriensis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby Cited as: Cassia timoriensis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taung-mezali, Taw-mezali, Wild cassia Sindora siamensis Teysm. ex Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sindora wallichii Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tamarindus indica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Beng-kong, Magyeng, Magyi, Mai-kyaing, Mak-k yeng, Manglon, Tamarind Touchiroa mansonii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tsintamu Trachylobium verrucosum Oliver Dicotyledons: Caesalpiniaceae - Caesalpiniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 185 Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Swedaw Wagatea spicata Dalzell Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Callitrichaceae Callitriche stagnalis Scop. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Campanulaceae Campanula colorata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Campanula khasiana Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campanula robertsonii Gamble Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campanula wallichii Babu Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Campanumoea celebica Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthay Campanumoea javanica Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Campanumoea parviflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Naturalized Cephalostigma paniculatum A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Soo-la-nahpa Codonopsis benthamii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Codonopsis chimiliensis Anth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Codonopsis convolvulacea Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Codonopsis farreri Anth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyananthus inflatus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Cyananthus insignis R.E. Grahame Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyananthus lobatus Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Isotoma longiflora Pres| Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Lobelia alsinoides Lam. Cited as: Lobelia griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson, Lobelia microcarpa C.B. Clarke, Lobelia trigona Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Lobelia heyneana Roem. & Schult. Cited as: Lobelia trialata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyu-gyi, Wild tobacco Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Lobelia rosea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mon Pratia montana (Reinw.) Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Wahlenbergia gracilis DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Cannabaceae Cannabis lupulus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bin, Byit-pan Cannabis sativa L. Dicotyledons: Callitrichaceae - Cannabaceae 186 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bhang, Grass, Hashish, Pot, Se- gyauk, Soft Hemp, True hemp Humulus lupulus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bin, Byit-pan, Hops Capparaceae Borthwickia trifoliata W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Boscia prunoides Gage Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Boscia variabilis Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thamon Capparis ambigua Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis auricans Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis bhamoensis Raizada Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Capparis burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kauk-kweza Capparis cataphyllosa M. Jacobs Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Capparis cathcarti Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Jupuru Capparis crassifolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis disticha Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis flavicans Wall. Habit: Small tree, Climber Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Saungkyan Capparis floribunda Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Capparis gallatlyi King Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Capparis glauca Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Kaukkwe Capparis grandis L. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kaunggwe, Kawngwa Capparis hastigera Hance Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Capparis longispina Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis membranifolia Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Capparis micracantha DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Capparis multiflora Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Capparis olacifolia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nwa-mani-thanlyet Capparis orbiculata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Capparis polymorpha Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis pumila Champ. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mon Capparis roydsiaefolia Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Capparis rufidula M. Jacobs Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Capparis sabiaefolia Hook. f. & Thomson Dicotyledons: Capparaceae - Capparaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 187 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Capparis sepiaria L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Caper, Hnget-kway-sa, Sugauk Capparis siamensis Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Capparis spinosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kywe-hna-kaung-gyeik Capparis subtenera Craib & W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Capparis tenera Dalzell Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Alolay, Lamaw juriu, Mani- thanlyet Capparis trinervia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Letmaung-nwe Capparis versicolor Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Capparis viminea Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Shan, Taninthayi Capparis xanthophylla Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Capparis zeylanica L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mai-nam-lawt, Mani-thanl-yet, Nwamani-than-lyet Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-hingala Cleome chelidonii Bojer Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Cleome heptaphylla L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Cleome spinosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Spider flower Cleome viscosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gant-galar, Pingu-pan, Spider flower Crateva hygrophila Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-kadat, Ye-kadet Crateva lophosperma Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Crateva magna (Lour.) DC. Cited as: Crateva nurvala Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Balwe-tie, Garlic tree, Kadet, Kadet-kha, Kon-kadet, Mai-kom phat-kom, Three-leaved caper Crateva religiosa G. Forst. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Caravalla, Gangala, Hingala, Taw-hingala Gynandropsis speciosa DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Niebuhria siamensis Kurz Habit: Tree, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Roydsia fasciculata King Habit: Climber Distribution: Kayin Common Name(s): Ngapyu Roydsia obtusifolia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Ngaphyu Roydsia parviflora Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Roydsia suaveolens Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ngan-nwe Dicotyledons: Capparaceae - Capparaceae 188 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Stixis nayarii R. Sundara Raghavan Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Caprifoliaceae Leycesteria formosa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Leycesteria glaucophylla C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Nhkra nhkra-la Leycesteria gracilis (Kurz) Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leycesteria insignis Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Leycesteria stipulata (Hook. f.) Fritsch Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Lonicera acuminata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin Lonicera braceana Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Gawnkyeng Lonicera buchananii Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Lonicera chlamydata W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Lonicera collettii King Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Lonicera cyanocarpa Franch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Lonicera ferruginea Rehd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Lonicera glabrata Wall. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Lonicera henryi Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Lonicera hildebrandiana Collett & Hems!l. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Large honeysuckle Lonicera hispida Pall. ex Roem. & Schult. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lonicera japonica Thunb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera lanceolata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lonicera leiantha Kurz Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Lonicera macrantha DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Gawngkyeng Lonicera myrtillus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lonicera obscura Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Lonicera ovata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Lonicera purpurascens Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lonicera robertsonii Gamble Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Lonicera saccata Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lonicera sempervirens L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Lonicera trichosantha Bur. & Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sambucus hookeri Rehder Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sambucus javanica Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Dicotyledons: Caprifoliaceae - Caprifoliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 189 Common Name(s): Elderberry, Pale-ban Viburnum atrocyaneum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Viburnum colebrookianum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Viburnum cordifolium Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Viburnum coriaceum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Bawng-hprawng, Bawng- prawn, Kaingpya Viburnum cuttingianum Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Viburnum cylindricum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Viburnum erubescens Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Viburnum foetidum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mai-daugyen, Pazun-myetsi, Prang-chyingma Viburnum griffithianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Viburnum inopinatum Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Viburnum punctatum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Viburnum shweliense W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Viburnum simonsii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Viburnum tengyuchense (W.W. Sm.) P.S. Hsu Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Viburnum tricostatum Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Viburnum veitchii C.H. Wright Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Viburnum wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cardiopteridaceae Cardiopteris quinqueloba (Hassk.) Hassk. Cited as: Cardiopteris lobata R. Br. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gan-gaw-nwe Caricaceae Carica papaya L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mak-sang-hpaw, Papaya, Sanghpaw, Thinbaw Caryophyllaceae Arenaria pogonantha W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arenaria roseiflora Sprague Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Brachystemma calycinum D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan, Yangon Dianthus barbatus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mani-saythu-pan, Sweet William Dianthus caryophyllus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Border carnation, Zaw-hmwa- gyi Dianthus chinensis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dianthus, Pinks, Zaw-hmwa- gale Dicotyledons: Cardiopteridaceae - Caryophyllaceae 190 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dianthus plumarius L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Laced pink, Zaw-hmwa Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Baby's breath, Let-htat-pan Gypsophila paniculata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Baby's breath, Let-htat-pan Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C.A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Cited as: Arenaria holosteoides (C.A. Mey.) Edgew. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Lychnis inflata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paronychia birmanica Gandoger Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. ex Asch. Cited as: Polycarpon loeflingiae Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Byaing-che Silene burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stellaria crispata Wall. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Beefwood, Casuarina, Kabwi, Pinle-kabwe, Pinle-tinyu Casuarina junghuhniana Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Cecropiaceae Poikilospermum suaveolens (Blume) Merr. Cited as: Conocephalus suaveolens Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyagyaw-nwe Celastraceae Bhesa paniculata Arn. Cited as: Kurrimia paniculata Wall. ex Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Inkyaw Bhesa robusta (Roxb.) Ding Hou Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwedauk, Tagu-bok, Thit-sat Celastrus approximata Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Celastrus hindsii Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Celastrus hookeri Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Celastrus monospermus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Rakhine, Shan Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Black oil plant, Hpak-ko-suk, Myin-gaung-nayaung, Myin-gondaing, Myin- lauk-yaung, Nwe-ni Celastrus stylosus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin Common Name(s): Muchinding Celastrus vaniotii (Leveille) Rehder Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Celastrus venulosa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Elaeodendron glaucum Pers. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Elaeodendron subrotundum Roxb. Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Casuarinaceae - Celastraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 191 Distribution: Taninthayi Euonymus acanthocarpus Franch. Cited as: Euonymus longipes Lace Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Euonymus burmanicus Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Euonymus calocarpus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euonymus cochinchinensis Pierre Cited as: Euonymus timorensis Zipp. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Euonymus cornutus Hemsl. Cited as: Euonymus cornutoides Loes. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Euonymus echinatus Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Euonymus fortunei (Turez.) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Euonymus frigidus Wall. Cited as: Euonymus amygdalifolius Franch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Euonymus fusiformis R. Parker Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Euonymus garinoides Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Euonymus glaber Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Euonymus griffithii Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Sagaing Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euonymus javanicus Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sauk, Thitkha-bo Euonymus kachinensis Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euonymus lawsonii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth. Cited as: Euonymus forbesianus Loes. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euonymus subsulcatus Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Euonymus theifolius Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Euonymus tingens Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Euonymus vagans Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Euonymus wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Kurz) Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Glyptopetalum quadrangulare Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum (Kurz) Prain Cited as: Euonymus sclerocarpus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Gymnosporia montana Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kun-kala Gymnosporia oblanceolata Laws. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gymnosporia pallida Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Hippocratea arborea Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Hippocratea fuscescens Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Celastraceae - Celastraceae 192 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hippocratea indica Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Hippocratea lobbii Laws. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Hippocratea macrantha Korth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Hippocratea obtusifolia Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hippocratea pallida Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hippocratea pentandra Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hippocratea serrata Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kokoona filiformis Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Kokoona littoralis Laws. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Mon-daing, Pinle-mondaing, Wet-chok Kurrimia robusta (Roxb.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwedauk, Hpak-wun, Tagu- bok, Thit-sat Lophopetalum celastroides Laws. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mon, Taninthayi Lophopetalum filiforme Laws. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yemane-ani Lophopetalum fimbriatum Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-yemane, Yemane-apyu Lophopetalum floribundum Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Lophopetalum littorale Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lophopetalum wallichii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mon-daing-bin, Thit-payaung, Thit-pha-yaung, Ye-thabye Maytenus acuminata (L. f.) Loes. Cited as: Gymnosporia acuminata L. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Maytenus hookeri Loes. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Maytenus thomsonii (Kurz) Roju & Babu Cited as: Gymnosporia thomsoni Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Microtropis beddomei Merr. & Freeman Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microtropis bivalvis (Jack.) Wall. Cited as: Microtropis filiformis King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kyai Microtropis discolor Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Miblaung Microtropis gagei Merr. & Freeman Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microtropis longifolia Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Microtropis macrophylla Merr. & Freeman Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microtropis pyramidalis C.Y. Cheng & T.C. Kao Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microtropis scottii R. Parker Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Pottingeria acuminata Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Salacia chinensis L. Cited as: Salacia prinoides DC. Habit: Climber Dicotyledons: Celastraceae - Celastraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 193 Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bu, Bwe-thein Salacia densiflora Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salacia flavescens Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Salacia floribunda Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Salacia grandiflora Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Salacia multiflora Wight Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Salacia myrtifolia Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salacia polyantha Steud. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salacia roxburghii Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Konbu, Mayan-gyaung Salacia smaliana Brandis Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Nwe-ngan Salacia tortuosa Griff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Salacia verrucosa Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sauk-kala Salacia viminea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Siphonodon celastrineus Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpun-ja, Myauk-okshit, Woibaw Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution; Kachin Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ye-hnyi Ceratophyllum muricatum Chamisso Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Chenopodiaceae Beta vulgaris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Beet, Beetroot, Garden beet, U- ni Chenopodium album L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Goosefoot, Lamb's quarters, Myu Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mexican tea, Say-myu, Wormseed Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Suaeda maritima Dum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Chloranthaceae Chloranthus elatior Link Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Chloranthus glabra (Thunb.) Makino Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Chloranthus insignis Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chloranthus nervosus Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Chloranthus officinalis Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thanat-kha, Yuzara Dicotyledons: Ceratophyllaceae - Chloranthaceae 194 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Chrysobalanaceae Parastemon urophyllus A. DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Parinari corymbosum Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Parinari costata (Korth.) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tauk-kade Parinari griffithianum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Parinari helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tauk-kade Clethraceae Clethra delavayi Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Maha-hlega, Peruvian cotton Combretaceae Anogeissus acuminata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpunsha, Mai-hio, Mai-pi, Yon Anogeissus phillyreaefolia Van Heurck & Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-hyom, Yon, Yon-akauk- chaw Combretum acuminatum Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nabu-nwe, Sinleng Combretum apetalum Wall. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyettet-nwe Combretum aureum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Combretum chinensis Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Combretum coccineum Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Combretum dasystachyum Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Lasa-matut, Simakan-nwe Combretum decandrum Roxb, Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Thamaka-nwe Combretum deciduum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway Combretum flagrocarpum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Combretum indicum (L.) R.A. DeFilipps Cited as: Quisqualis indica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Dawe-hmaing-nwe, Mawk- nang-nang, Rangoon creeper Combretum kachinense King & Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Combretum latifolium Blume Cited as: Combretum extensum Roxb. ex Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mana-nwe, Maung-ma-khaw- nwe Combretum mokimii M. Gangopadhyay & T. Chakrabarty Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Combretum nanum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Combretum ovale R. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Dicotyledons: Chrysobalanaceae - Combretaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 195 Common Name(s): Kyettet-nwe Combretum pilosum Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Badangdip-sinleng, Kyettet- nwe Combretum pyrifolium Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Combretum quadrangulare Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Combretum squamosum Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyut-nwe, Kamyaing-sa-shaw, Kywet-nwe, Yepin-nwe Combretum tetragonocarpum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Sagaing Combretum trifoliatum Vent. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Sauk, Ye-nabu-nwe Combretum wallichii Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Getonia floribunda Roxb. Cited as: Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.) Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyut-nwe, Kywet-nwe Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Rakhine Common Name(s): Dawei-hmaing, Eilk-pathwe, Yinye Quisqualis densiflora Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Terminalia alata (Heyne) Roth Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Paung, Taukkyan Terminalia argyrophylla King & Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin Common Name(s): Mana Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalar-taukkyant, Kala- taukkyan Terminalia bellerica Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Belleric, Hroirwk, Mai-hen, Mai-mahen, Mai-naw, Makalaw, Myrobalan, Tawitho, Thiag-riang, Thit-seint Terminalia bialata Steud. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daung-aiktan, Graywood, Indian silver, White chuglan Terminalia burmanica King ex Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Terminalia catappa L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Badan, Banda, Indian almond Terminalia chebula Retz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mai-mak-na, Mai-man-nah, Mana, Myrobalan, Panga, Phan-kha, Thankaungh Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyasu Terminalia coriacea Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taukkyan-ywetgyi Terminalia crenulata (Heyne) Roth Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Htauk-kyant, Taukkyan, Taukkyan-thi-gwi, Taukkyan-ywet-gyi, Taukkyan-ywet-she, Thaukkyan-ywet-they Terminalia foetidissima Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Terminalia myanmarensis W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps Dicotyledons: Combretaceae - Combretaceae 196 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Shi-la, Ye-taukkyan Terminalia nigrovenulosum Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Than-bo Terminalia obliqua Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Terminalia oliveri Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Than Terminalia pyrifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lein Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dap, Mai-hok-hpa, Merokwa, Paung, Taukkyan, Tauk-kyant Terminalia tripteroides Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Than-bo, Thanpe Terminalia venosa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Connaraceae Agelaea wallichii Hook. f. Cited as: Castanola wallichii (Hook. f.) Schellenb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cnestis ramiflora Griff. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwe-dauk, Kyet-mauk-ni, Taw-kyet-mauk Connarus gibbosus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Connarus grandis Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Connarus latifolius Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Connarus monocarpus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kadok-kadet Connarus oligophyllus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Connarus paniculatus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hlae-sar-nwe, Hlesa-nwe, Kadut-kadet, Nwe-ni, Taw-danyin Connarus semidecandrus Jack Cited as: Connarus griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nwe-yoo-bin Connarus stictophyllus Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Connarus yunnanensis Schellenb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Ellipanthus calophyllus Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Ellipanthus helferi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ellipanthus monophyllus Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ellipanthus sterculiaefolius Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ellipanthus tomentosus Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Rourea birmanica Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rourea breviracemosa Gamble Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Connaraceae - Connaraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Shan Rourea commutata Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mayan-kaung, Talidi Rourea emarginata (Jack) Jongkind Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rourea pulchella Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Rourea stenopetala (Griff.) Hook. f. Cited as: Roureopsis stenopetala Schl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Rourea villosa Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Rourea wallichiana Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Taeniochlaena birmanica Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Convolvulaceae Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Argyreia argentea Arn. ex Choisy Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mai-hkum-ku Argyreia barbata (Wall.) Raizada Cited as: Lettsomia barbata (Wall.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pazun-za Argyreia barbigera Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Min-go-ga, Ok-hmon-nwe Argyreia bracteosa (C.B. Clarke) Raizada Cited as: Lettsomia bracteosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Argyreia burneyi Gage Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Argyreia capitiformis (Poir.) Ooststr. Cited as: Lettsomia peguensis C.B. Clarke, Lettsomia setosa Roxb., Lettsomia strigosa Roth Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Min-go-ga, Nwe-ni, Nwe-phyu Argyreia confusa (Prain) Raiz. Cited as: Lettsomia confusa Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Argyreia hirsutissima (C.B. Clarke) Raiz. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Argyreia hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): O-na-gok-nwe Argyreia kurzii (C.B. Clarke) Boerl. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Argyreia lanceolata Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Argyreia laxiflora (Prain) Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Argyreia longifolia (Collett & Hemsl.) Raizada Cited as: Lettsomia longifolia Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Argyreia mastersii (Prain) Raizada Cited as: Lettsomia mastersii Prain Habit: Creeper Distribution: Chin Argyreia maymyensis (Lace) Raizada Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Argyreia maymyo (W.W. Sm.) Raizada Cited as: Lettsomia maymyo W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Argyreia mollis (Burm. f.) Choisy Cited as: Argyreia championi Benth., Argyreia obtecta C.B. Clarke, Convolvulus obtectus Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Cited as: Argyreia speciosa (L. f.) Sweet Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Elephant creeper, Kazun-gyi Argyreia osyrensis Choisy Dicotyledons: Convolvulaceae - Convolvulaceae 197 198 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Lettsomia aggregata Roxb. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Argyreia pallida Choisy Cited as: Lettsomia pallida (Choisy) Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Argyreia roxburghii Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Argyreia rubicunda Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Argyreia setosa (Roxb.) Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Argyreia sikkimensis (C.B. Clarke) Ooststr. Cited as: Lettsomia sikkimensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Argyreia splendens (Hornem.) Sweet Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing Argyreia venusta Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Argyreia wallichii Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Naturalized Blinkworthia convolvuloides Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Blinkworthia lycioides Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Pan-khaung-laung, Taungbo- lelin, Taungbo-lulin Bonamia elegans (Wall.) Hallier f. Cited as: Breweria elegans Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Bonamia semidigyna (Roxb.) Hallier f. Cited as: Breweria cordata Blume Habit: Creeper Distribution: Rakhine Calystegia hederacea Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Convolvulus arvensis L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Bindweed, Deer's foot, Kauk- yo-nwe Convolvulus sinuatodentatus Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cuscuta capillaris Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Dodder, Shwe-nwe Dichondra repens J.R. & G. Forst. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dinetus decorus (W.W. Sm.) Staples Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dinetus dinetoides (C.K. Schneid.) Staples Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dinetus racemosus (Roxb.) Sweet Cited as: Porana racemosa Roxb. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Ma-ywe Dinetus truncatus (Kurz) Staples Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erycibe citriniflora Griff. Cited as: Erycibe glomerata Blume, Erycibe wallichii Prain & Hallier Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Eikhmwe Erycibe coriacea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Erycibe expansa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Erycibe fragrans Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erycibe glaucescens Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Erycibe griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Erycibe malaccensis C.B. Clarke Dicotyledons: Convolvulaceae - Convolvulaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 199 Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Erycibe peguensis Prain Cited as: Erycibe paniculata sensu auct., non Roxb. (partim ?) Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Erycibe stapfiana Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Erycibe subspicata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyauk-hkwe-pin Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh Cited as: Hewittia bicolor Wight & Arn. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Ipomoea aculeata Blume Cited as: Jpomoea yomae Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ipomoea alba L. Cited as: Calonyction aculeatum House Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyahin, Moon flower, Nwe- kazun-phyu Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kazun-galay, Kazun-ywet, Rabbit greens, Ye-kazun Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kazun, Kazun-nwe, Man-lyan, Mrauk-oo, Sweet potato, Wun-gala-hti Ipomoea biflora (L.) Pers. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sw. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Railway creeper Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): La-thar-pan Ipomoea dasysperma Jacq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pan-kazun Ipomoea edithae Gage Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Shan Ipomoea gomezii C.B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea gracillima Prain Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea hederifolia L. Cited as: Jpomoea coccinea sensu auct., non L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Myat-lay, Star ipomoea Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr. Cited as: Ipomoea learii Paxton Habit: Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue dawn flower Ipomoea littoralis Blume Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea lobata (Cerv.) Thell. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea marginata (Desr.) Verdcourt Cited as: Jpomoea maxima sensu auct., non (L.) G. Don Habit: Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Taw-kazun Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Cited as: Jpomoea digitata sensu auct., non L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kazun, Pan-kazun Ipomoea nana Collett & Hemsl. Dicotyledons: Convolvulaceae - Convolvulaceae 200 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth Cited as: Jpomoea hederacea Jacq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Taung-kazun Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea palmata Forssk. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Goat's foot creeper, Pinle-kazun Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Myauk-kazun, Tigerfoot Ipomoea Ipomoea pileata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Ipomoea popahensis Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Morning glory, Pan-kazun-nwe Ipomoea quamoclit L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cypress vine, Indian pink, Myet-lay-ne, Red jasmine Ipomoea sepiaria Koen. ex Roxb. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Ipomoea soluta Kerr Cited as: Jpomoea campanulata sensu auct., non L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Ipomoea strigosa Roth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Ipomoea sumatrana (Miq.) Ooststr. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ipomoea trichosperma Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Yangon Ipomoea triloba L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Ipomoea turbinata Lagasca Cited as: Calonyction muricatum (L.) G. Don Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kazun-nwe Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Cited as: Convolvulus parviflorus Vahl Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Lepistemon binectariferum (Wall.) Kuntze Cited as: Lepistemon wallichii Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Lettsomia campanuliflora Gage Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lettsomia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hallier. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lettsomia melvillei S. Moore Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lettsomia sphaerocephala Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urban Cited as: Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Merremia emarginata (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Anya-myin-kwa, Kywet-na, Myinkhwa-tu Merremia gemella (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Merremia hederacea (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Yangon Merremia hirta (L.) Merr. Cited as: pomoea linifolia Blume Dicotyledons: Convolvulaceae - Convolvulaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 201 Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Merremia kingii (Prain) Kerr Cited as: Ipomoea kingii Prain Habit: Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Merremia mammosa (Lour.) Hallier f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Merremia quinata (R. Br.) Ooststr. Cited as: Jpomoea quinata R. Br. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Cited as: Ipomoea tuberosa L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Wood rose Merremia umbellata (L.) Hallier f. Cited as: Ipomoea cymosa Roem. & Sch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kya-hin, Zizaw Merremia vitifolia (Burm. f.) Hallier f. Cited as: Ipomoea vitifolia Sw. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyet-hingale-nwe Neuropeltis racemosa Wall. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Operculina petaloidea (Choisy) Ooststr. Cited as: Jpomoea petaloidea Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): U-min Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Indian jalap, Kyahin-bin, Myauk-kazun, Nyan-nwe Porana truncata Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Chin Porana volubilis Burm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kodeik-sein, Pyinthit-pan, Saung-daw-gu Poranopsis discifera (C.K. Schneid.) Staples Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty Cited as: Porana paniculata Roxb. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bridal wreath, Christmas-pan, December-pan, Nwe-nyo Quamoclit lobata (Cerv.) House Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Star-glory Rivea ornata (Roxb.) Choisy Habit: Creeper Distribution: Shan Rivea roxburghii Prain ex Brandis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hallier f. Cited as: Ipomoea grandiflora Lam., Argyreia tiliaefolia (Desr.) Wight Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-kazun-gyi Tridynamia megalantha (Merr.) Staples Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tridynamia spectabilis (Kurz) P.J. Parmar Cited as: Porana spectabilis Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gaw-tha-zin Xenostegia tridentata (L.) Austin & Staples Cited as: Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Coriariaceae Coriaria nepalensis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Mussoorie berry Cornaceae Benthamidia capitata (Wall.) Hara Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Strawberry tree Cornus capitata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Dicotyledons: Coriariaceae - Cornaceae 202 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cornus chinensis Wangerin Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Cornus controversa Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Cornus oblonga Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Dogwood Cornus suecica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Helwingia himalaica Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Helwingia rusciflora Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Mastixia arborea C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin Mastixia euonymoides Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Nyssa bifida Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Rakhine Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wangerin Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Nyssa megacarpa R. Parker Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Panga-po Nyssa sinensis Oliver Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corylaceae Carpinus londoniana H., Winkl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Hornbeam, Pan-gyauk Carpinus viminea Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Hornbeam Corylus ferox Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Himalayan hazel Crassulaceae Crassula deltoidea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Silver beads Crassula nemorosa Endl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Crassula trifidum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Echeveria glauca Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Kalanchoe integra (Medic.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ywetkya-pinpauk Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mi-malaung-pan Kalanchoe multicaule Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Cited as: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Air plant, Ywet-kya-pin-pauk Kalanchoe trifidum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Kalanchoe trulliperalum Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Rhodiola atuntsuensis (Praeger) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola bupleuroides (Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola dumulosa (Franch.) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Corylaceae - Crassulaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 203 Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola macrocarpa (Praeger) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola nobilis (Franch.) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola ovatisepala (Raymond-Hamet) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodiola wallichiana (Hook.) S.H. Fu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum elatinoides Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum kingdonii H. Ohba Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Sedum oligospermum Maire Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum oreades (Decne.) Raymond-Hamet Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum quadrifidum Pall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum susanneae Raymond-Hamet Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum trientaloides Praeger Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sedum victorianum Jans. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Sedum yunnanense Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sempervivum tectorum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): House leek Crypteroniaceae Crypteronia paniculata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Anan-bo, Hmaw-yone Crypteronia pubescens Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ananbo, Yon Crypteronia wallichii A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ash pumpkin, Kyauk-pha-yon, Lun-tha, Pora-mat, Wax gourd, White gourd Cephalandra indica Naud. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Ivy gourd, Kinmon, Taw- kinmon, Wild snake gourd Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Colocynth, Kyi-ah Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hpaye, Watermelon Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Habit: Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Cucumis hystrix Chakrav. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cucumis melo L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cantaloupe, Musk melon, Sweet melon, Thakwa-hmwe Cucumis moschata Duch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Musk melon, Tha-kha-ma Cucumis muriculatus Chakrav. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Cucumis sativus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Dicotyledons: Crypteroniaceae - Cucurbitaceae 204 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cucumber, Tha-khwar-thi Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kasit, Nga-pyok-thakwa Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lu-cha, Ma-part, Pumpkin, Shwe-payon Cucurbita moschata Duchesne Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hpayon, Musk marrow Cucurbita pepo L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bu-thakwa, Field pumpkin, Vegetable marrow Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gomphogyne heterosperma Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Gymnopetalum chinense (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gymnopetalum conchinchinense Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-kinmon Gymnopetalum integrifolium (Roxb.) Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Gymnopetalum quinquelobum Miq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Gynostemma burmanica King ex Chakrav. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Gynostemma laxa Cogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemsleya heterosperma (Wall.) C. Jeffrey Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hodgsonia heteroclita Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nang-mu, Wettha-kauk Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Blume) Cogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Kedrostis courtallensis (Arn.) C. Jeffrey Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand]. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bottle gourd, Bu, Bu-thabeik Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bonlon, Kala-kha-we, Kha-we- yaing, Ribbed luffa, Tha-but-nwe Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Loofah, Sponge gourd, Tha- but-chaw, Thabut-kha, Tha-but-nwe Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyet-sha, Myauk-tha-kwa Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Sagalay-thakwa, Sa-thakwa Momordica charantia L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bitter gourd, Carilla fruit, Hkaw-hka, Kyet-hin-khar, Kyet-hun-kha-thi, Ma-hary-khan Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpak-se-saw, Samon-nwe, Taw-thabut, Tha-myet Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hinga-baung, Kyet-hin-ga, Kyet-hin-khar Momordica macrophylla Gage Dicotyledons: Cucurbitaceae - Cucurbitaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 205 Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Samyit, Tha-byet Momordica subangulata Blume Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neoalsomitra clavigera (Roem.) Hutch. Cited as: Alsomitra clavigera Roem. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutch. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neoalsomitra pubigera (Prain) Hutch. Cited as: Alsomitra pubigera Prain Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Neoalsomitra sarcophylla (Wall.) Hutch. Cited as: Alsomitra sarcophylla Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyi-ah Schizopepon bicirrhosa (C.B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schizopepon dioicus Cogn. ex Oliv. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chayote, Gorakha-buthi, Gorakha-thi Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thladiantha calcarata C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thladiantha dubia Bunge Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Thladiantha hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Thladiantha lijiangensis A.M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.) Voigt Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bonlon, Kyi-arh Trichosanthes cordata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Kyi-ah-gyi Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Cited as: Trichosanthes anguina L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bonlon, Na-we-ngon, Pe-lin- mwe, Pe-lum-mwe-thi, Pu-lultha, Snake gourd, Thabut-kha Trichosanthes dunniana Lev. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes grandibracteata Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes integrifolia Thwaites Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Sa-tha-kwa Trichosanthes ovigera Blume Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes rubriflos Thorel ex Cayla Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes subrosea C.Y. Cheng & C.H. Yueh Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes truncata C. B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trichosanthes wallichiana (Ser.) Wight Habit: Creeper Distribution: Kachin Zanonia indica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin Dicotyledons: Cucurbitaceae - Cucurbitaceae 206 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zehneria maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Arn. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zehneria umbellata Thwaites Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyet-sha, Myauk-tha-kwa, Sat- tha-kwa Zehneria wallichii (C.B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey Cited as: Melothria wallichii C.B. Clarke Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Daphniphyllaceae Daphniphyllum beddomei Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Daphniphyllum himalayense Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Daphniphyllum majus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Datiscaceae Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bad-awng, Baing, Mai-nao- nau, Mai-taung, Mai-yummyen, Thitpok Diapensiaceae Berneuxia thibetica Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diapensia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Diapensia purpurea Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Diplarche multiflora Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum gelonioides Engl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Dichapetalum helferianum (Kurz) Pierre Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dichapetalum kerrii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dichapetalum longipetalum (Turcz.) Craib Cited as: Chailletia longipetala Turcz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dichapetalum macropetala Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dilleniaceae Delima sarmentosa L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Dillenia aurea Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Byu, Masang, Masen, Metkauk, Mik-kyin-nu Dillenia elata Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Common Name(s): Zinbyun Dillenia floribunda Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dillenia indica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thabyu Dillenia kerrii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayah Dillenia maymyensis Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Dillenia ornata Wall. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Daphniphyllaceae - Dilleniaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 207 Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Zinbyun Dillenia parkinsonii Hoogland Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Wet-zinbyun Dillenia parviflora Gniff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-zinbyum, Lin-yaw, Zinbyun Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Graw-grawp, Kalot, Kaulong, Khwaw, Mai-mak-san, Mai-masan, Zin-byun Dillenia pulcherrima Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dillenia scabrella Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Byu Tetracera indica (Christm. & Panz.) Merr. Cited as: Tetracera assa DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Tetracera sarmentosa (L.) Vahl Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wormia mansoni Gage Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Wormia suffruticosa Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dipentodontaceae Dipentodon sinicus Dunn Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Dipsacaceae Dipsacus asper Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Dipsacus inermis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Scabiosa maritima L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Papa-waddy, Sweet scabiosa Dipterocarpaceae Anisoptera costata Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaban, Kaban-bok, Kaban-bwe Anisoptera curtisii Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaban, Kaunghmu Anisoptera odorata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Anisoptera scaphula (Roxb.) Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaban-ywet-the, Kaung-hmu, Pan-thitya, Taung-sagaing Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin, Kanyin-byu, Ka-yaing- bataing, Kyau-wa, Mai-hao Dipterocarpus baudii Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanyin Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertn. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin-ni, Kanyin-wettaung, Kanyin-ywet-the Dipterocarpus dyeri Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin Dipterocarpus gonopterus Turcz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanyin, Kanyin-byan Dicotyledons: Dipentodontaceae - Dipterocarpaceae 208 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dipterocarpus incanus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dipterocarpus kerrii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin-byan, Sibin Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Teysm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Inbo, In-hmwe-sok, Kanyin- gok Dipterocarpus retusus Blume Cited as: Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin, Kanyin-ni Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dawng-ding, In, Kahur, Kauklawtro, Mai-teen, Mai-tong, Ung Dipterocarpus turbinatus Gaertn. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kanyin, Kanyin-ni, Kanyin- wet-taung, Kawtho, Kyauwar, Mai-hao, Shing- lim, Wood oil tree Hopea apiculata Sym. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Hopea griffithti Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Hopea helferi (Dyer) Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thingan-kyauk, Thingan-net Hopea micrantha Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Hopea minutiflora Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hopea oblongifolia Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-thein-opein, Tanyin-byan Hopea odorata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Sauchi, Sawkwai, Thingan, Thingan-shwe, Thit-singan Hopea sangal Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thingan-magale, Thingan-pwe Oleoxylon balsamifera Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Parashorea buchananii Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Myauk-thingan Parashorea dussaudii Tardieu Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai si Parashorea stellata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kabba, Kadut, Kadut-me, Kadut-ni, Kawwe, Thingadu Shorea argentea Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Shorea assamica Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyilan Shorea buchananii Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Myauk-thingan Shorea cinerea Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kadut, Kadut-ni Shorea farinosa Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Kyauk-thingan, Thingan-phyu, U-ban Shorea gratissima Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): U-ban-kaya Shorea helferi Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Shorea henryana Pierre Dicotyledons: Dipterocarpaceae - Dipterocarpaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 209 Cited as: Shorea sericeiflora C.E.C. Fisch. & Hutch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaban-than-gyin Shorea nervosa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthay1 Shorea obtusa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-hok-hpi, Mai-ngye, Mai- nye, Masa, Thit-ya Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lon-mani-ingyin, Sal Shorea rogersiana Raiz. & Smitin. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Shorea roxburghii G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaban-thangyin, Kaban-ywet- they Shorea siamensis (Kurz) Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ang, Ingyin, Mai-pao, Wak, Wakbau Shorea stellata Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Shorea symingtonii G.H.S. Wood Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Shorea thorelii Pierre ex Laness. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyaung Vatica cinerea King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Vatica dyeri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin-kyaung-che Vatica faginea Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vatica griffithii Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Vatica helferi Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vatica lanceaefolia (Korth.) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Let-touk, Pan-thitya Vatica maingayi Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanyin-kyaung-che Vatica odorata (Griff.) Sym. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kamyin, Kayin-kyaung-che, Myauk-thayet Vatica scaphula Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Kaban Droseraceae Drosera burmanii Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Drosera indica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Nay-hnin-pauk-pin Drosera peltata Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sundew Ebenaceae Diospyros albiflora Alston Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diospyros brachiata King & Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Diospyros brandisiana Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Diospyros burmanica Kurz Dicotyledons: Droseraceae - Ebenaceae 210 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Hpun-mang, Mai-mak-ho-ling, Mai-mate-si, Te Diospyros cauliflora Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Diospyros chartacea Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Diospyros chloroxylon Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Green ebony, Persimmon Diospyros crumentata Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-bok Diospyros dasyphylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Diospyros decandra Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diospyros densiflora Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Rakhine Diospyros dictyoneura Hiern. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Diospyros discolor Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kadiba, Kadiba-thi, Tayok-te, Velvet apple Diospyros ehretioides Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Aukchinsa, Bok-pin, Thipok Diospyros embryopteris Pers. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mepyaung Diospyros glandulosa Lace Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Te Diospyros hasseltii Zoll. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diospyros heterophylla Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Choke-pin Diospyros impressa Dunn & R. Williams Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Diospyros kaki L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Hpun-mang sabyin, Persimmon, Taw-te, Tayok-te, Te Diospyros kika Debbarm. & Biswas Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diospyros kurzii Hiern. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Andaman marble, Aukchinsa, Kinmya, Zebrawood Diospyros lanceaefolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Diospyros lotus L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Hpunmang Diospyros malabarica (Desv.) Kostel. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bok-pyin, Yengan-bok Diospyros martabanica C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Diospyros mollis Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Te Diospyros montana Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyok, Mountain persimmon, Tawbut Diospyros oblonga Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Thit-kha-yar Diospyros oleifolia Wight Dicotyledons: Ebenaceae - Ebenaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 211 Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gyok Diospyros packmanni C.B, Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Diospyros pendula Hasselt. ex Hassk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Magyi-pway Diospyros peregrina (Gaertn.) Gurke Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bok-pin, Gaub persimmon, Yay-te, Yengan-bok Diospyros pilosanthera Blanco Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Diospyros pilosula (A. DC.) Hiern. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Te Diospyros ramiflora Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Diospyros sapotoides Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Diospyros sumatrana Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Diospyros toposia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Sagaing Diospyros undulata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hingadu, Pinle-bok Diospyros variegata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyut, Te Diospyros wallichii King & Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Palaw Maba buxifolia Pers. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mepyaung Maba merguensis Hiern. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus hortensis M. Breb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Elaeagnus latifolia L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmangu, Maloh, Saring, Ta- htu-moo Elaeagnus rivularis Merr. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus balansae A. DC. Cited as: Elaeocarpus tectoniaefolius Rid]. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Elaeocarpus braceanus Watt ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Gyianbo Elaeocarpus bracteatus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thit-pwe Elaeocarpus cuneatus Wight Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Budalet Elaeocarpus dubius A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Khamkawng Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Banghkri, Mai-ma-mon-pan, Dicotyledons: Elaeagnaceae - Elaeocarpaceae 212 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Thitpwe, Thitya-hmwe Elaeocarpus grandiflorus J.E. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ye-saga Elaeocarpus griffithii (Wight) A. Gray Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalamin-kye, Makauksan Elaeocarpus hainanensis Oliv. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin Common Name(s): Jahtung-banghri Elaeocarpus lacei Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Roxb. Cited as: Elaeocarpus lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Banghkri, Budalet, Gyian, Thitpwe Elaeocarpus macrocerus (Turcz.) Merr. Cited as: Elaeocarpus littoralis Teysm. & Binn. ex Kurz, Elaeocarpus robertsoni Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall. Cited as: Elaeocarpus integer Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius Hook. & Ar. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Elaeocarpus prunifolius Wall. ex C. Muell. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Banghkri Elaeocarpus quadratus C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin Common Name(s): Moo-tiya, Thitkya-bo Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb. Cited as: Elaeocarpus helferi Kurz ex Mast., Elaeocarpus leptostachyus Wall, ex C. Muell., Elaeocarpus lucidus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hminkya, Kaya-hmwe, Kyeng- Iwai, Mai-lim, Taw-magyi Elaeocarpus rugosus Roxb. Cited as: Elaeocarpus aristatus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Shan Elaeocarpus serratus L. Cited as: Elaeocarpus oblongus Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Elaeocarpus simplex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum. Cited as: Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Bead tree Elaeocarpus stapfianus Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus stipularis Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus tectorius Poir. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Elaeocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Elaeocarpus varunua Buch.-Ham. ex Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Elaeocarpus wallichii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bamaw, Thitya-hmwe, Waso Sloanea chingiana Hu Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sloanea dasycarpa (Benth.) Hemsl. Cited as: Echinocarpus dasycarpus Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Sloanea forrestii W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Sloanea parkinsonii C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Sloanea sigun (Blume) K. Schum. Dicotyledons: Elaeocarpaceae - Elaeocarpaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 213 Cited as: Echinocarpus sigun Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Sloanea sinensis (Hance) Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sloanea sterculiacea (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson Cited as: Echinocarpus sterculiaceus Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Sloanea tomentosa (Benth.) Rehder & E.H. Wilson Cited as: Echinocarpus tomentosus Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Elatinaceae Bergia capensis L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Yangon Bergia verticillata Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Epacridaceae Styphelia malayana (Jack) Spreng. Cited as: Leucopogon malayanus Jack Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ericaceae Agapetes adenobotrys Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes angulata (Griff.) Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes angustifolia (Knagg) Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes auriculata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Agapetes brachypoda Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes bracteata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon Agapetes brandisiana W.E. Evans Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes bulleyana Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes burmanica W.E. Evans Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agapetes campanulata C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Agapetes corallina Cowan Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agapetes dispar Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Agapetes epacridea Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agapetes fasciculiflora Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes forestii W.E. Evans Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes glabra C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Yashat Agapetes haemantha Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes hillii Brandis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes hyalocheilos Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes inopinata Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Agapetes interdicta (Hand.-Mazz.) Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes kingdonis Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Elatinaceae - Ericaceae 214 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Wide Agapetes lacei Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes leptantha Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Agapetes lobbii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Agapetes loranthiflora D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyibaung Agapetes macrantha Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Agapetes macrostemon C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Agapetes neriifolia (King & Prain) Airy Shaw Cited as: Desmogyne neriifolia King & Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Agapetes oblonga Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes obovata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Agapetes odontocera Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pachyacme Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Agapetes parishii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kayin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyibaung Agapetes pensilis Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pilitera Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pottingeri Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pseudogriffithii Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pubiflora Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes pyrolifolia Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Agapetes rubropedicellata P.F. Stevens Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agapetes saligna Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Agapetes setigera D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Paw-wa-ga-me Agapetes spissiformis Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes stenantha Rehder Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Agapetes subvinacea Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes toppinii Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Woi-machang-fu Agapetes trianguli Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Agapetes unwinii W.E. Evans Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Agapetes variegata D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Agapetes vernayana Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Agapetes yunnanensis Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cassiope dendrotricha Hand.-Mazz. Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 215 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cassiope myosuroides W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Cassiope selaginoides Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Corallobotrys acuminata (D. Don ex G. Don) Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Craibiodendron henryi W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Craibiodendron stellatum W.W. Sm. Cited as: Craibiodendron shanicum W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Briar, U-byat Craibiodendron yunnanense W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Diplycosia alboglauca Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Diplycosia discolor C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Diplycosia pauciseta Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Enkianthus chinensis Franch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Enkianthus deflexus (Griff.) Schn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Enkianthus pauciflorus E.H.Wilson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria cardiosepala Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria discolor Nutt. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Common Name(s): Akyawsi-bin, Wintergreen Gaultheria griffithiana Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria hypochlora Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria laxiflora Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria minuta Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria nummularioides D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria punctata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Gaultheria pyrolaefolia Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria pyroloides Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria semi-infera (C.B. Clarke) Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria sinensis Anthony Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria stapfiana Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Gaultheria thymifolia Stapf ex Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Gaultheria trichophylla Royle Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Leucothoe griffithiana (Hook. f.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae 216 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Lyonia doyonensis Hand.-Mazz., Pieris doyonensis Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Bum-shing-teng-hpun, Nman- hpun, Wanpang Lyonia villosa (Wall. ex C.B. Clarke) Hand.- Mazz. Cited as: Pieris villosa Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Monotropa uniflora L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Monotropastrum humile (D. Don) Hara Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Pentapterygium flavum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Pentapterygium interdictum Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pieris formosa D. Don Cited as: Pieris forrestii Harrow ex W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Pyrola rotundifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron aemulorum Balf. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron agapetum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron aiolosalpinx Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron aperantum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron araiophyllum Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron arboreum W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Chak-hlei, Ngay-sheek, Taung- zalat-ni Rhododendron arizelum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron asperulum Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron bainbridgeanum Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron beanianum Cowan Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron beesianum Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron brachystylum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron bullatum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron burmanicum Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron butyrium Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron calciphilum Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron callimorphum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron calostrotum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron caloxanthum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron campylogynum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron carneum Hutch. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 217 Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron cephalanthum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron cerasiflorum Kingdon-Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron cerasinum Tagg Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron cerinum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron chaetomallum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron charapoeum 1.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron charidotes I.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron charitopes Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron charitostreptum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron charopoeum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron chawchiense Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron chionanthum Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron chryseum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron chrysolepis Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron ciliicalyx Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron ciliipes Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron citriniflorum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron coelicum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron commodum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron crebreflorum Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron cremnastes Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron crinigerum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Rhododendron cubittii Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron cuffeanum Craib ex Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron decorum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron delavayi Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron dendricola Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron desquamatum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron diaprepes Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron dichroanthum Diels Cited as: Rhododendron herpesticum Balf. & Ward, Rhododendron scyphocalyx Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron eclectum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron edgeworthii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae 218 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Rhododendron eriogynum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron eritimum Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron euchaites Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron euchroum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron eurysiphon Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron exasperatum Tagg Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron facetum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron falconeri Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron formosum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Panlawng Rhododendron fortunei (T. Moore) Lindl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron fulgens Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron fulvum Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron gaultheriifolium (Griff.) Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron genestierianum Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron glischroides Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron glischrum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron griersonianum I.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron habrotrichum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron haematodes Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron heliolepis Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron heptamerum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron hodgsonii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron horlickianum Davidian Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron hylaeum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron hypolepidotum (Franch.) Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron imperator Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron inaequale Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Rhododendron indicum Sw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Azalea Rhododendron insculptum Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron irroratum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron jenestierianum Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron johnstonianum Watt ex Hutch. Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 219 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron kasoense Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron kyawi Lace & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron leptothrium Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Tzi-tzo-ti Rhododendron lindleyi T. Moore Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron lithophilum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron luteiflorum Davidian Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron mackenzianum Forrest Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron maddenii Hook. Cited as: Rhododendron crassum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron magnificum Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron mallotum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron manipurense Balf. & Watt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron martinianum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron meddianum Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron medoense W.P. Fang & M.Y. He Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron megacalyx Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron megeratum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron melinanthum Balf. & Kingdon- Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron micromeres Tagg Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron microphyton Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron mirabile Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron moulmainense Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Zalat-pyu Rhododendron myiagrum I.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron myrtilloides Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron neriiflorum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron ngawchangensis M.N. Philipson & W.R. Philipson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron niphargum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron niphobolum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron nitens Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rhododendron notatum Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron nuttallii Booth Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron nwaiense 1.B. Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae 220 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Rhododendron obtusum Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron ombrochares Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron oporinum Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron oulotrichum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron oxyphyllum Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Rhododendron pankimense Cowan & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron parishii C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Rhododendron peramoenum 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron phaedropum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron phoenicodum 1.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron ponticum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron praestans Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron preptum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron prophantum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron protistum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron pruniflorum Hutch. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron pseudociliipes J. Cullen Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron recurvoides Tagg & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron regale Balf. & Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron repens Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron rex Lev. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron riparium Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron rivulare Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron rubiginosum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron rubrantherum Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron rude Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron rupicola W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron saluense Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron sanguineum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron sciaphilum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron seinghkuense Kingdon-Ward Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron selense Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron sidereum Balf. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron simsii Planch. Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 221 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ke-kha-pan, Laung-pan Rhododendron sinogrande Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron sinonuttallii Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Rhododendron siolereum Balf. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Rhododendron sperabile Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron spilotum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron spodopeplum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron stamineum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron stenaulum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron stewartianum Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron suberosum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Chanyinku Rhododendron sulfureum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron supranubium Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Rhododendron surasianum Balf. & Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron taggianum Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron tamaense Davidian Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron tanastylum Balf. f. & Ward Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron tapeinum 1.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron taronense Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron tephropeplum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron tetrastylum Balf. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron thomsonii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron timeteum Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron torquatum Balf. f. & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron trichocladum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron triflorum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron vacciniaceum (Roxb.) Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Rhododendron vaccinioides Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhododendron veitchianum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ain-paw, Panlawng, Paw-tha- mein Rhododendron vesiculiferum Tagg Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron vestitum Tagg & Forrest Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron xanthostephanum Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Ericaceae - Ericaceae 222 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Rhododendron yunnanense Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhododendron zaleucum Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vaccinium adenochaetum Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vaccinium ardisioides Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Vaccinium bancanum Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Seik-ting Vaccinium chaetothrix Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vaccinium delavayi Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Vaccinium dendrocharis Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Vaccinium donianum Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan, Taninthayi Vaccinium dunalianum Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Vaccinium gaultheriifolium (Griff.) Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium glauco-album Hook. f. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium jacobeanum P.F. Stevens Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vaccinium kachinense Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Pang, Pin-lwng-lap Vaccinium lanigerum Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Vaccinium malaccense Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Vaccinium modestum W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium monetarium Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium oreogenes W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium paucicrenatum Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium praeces P.F. Stevens Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vaccinium pubicalyx Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium pumilum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Vaccinium retusum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Vaccinium scopulorum W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium serratum Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Vaccinium sikkimense C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium sprengelii (G. Don) Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium vacciniaceum (Roxb.) Sleumer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Vaccinium verticillatum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum cuneatum (Miq.) Kurz Cited as: Erythroxylum burmanicum Griff. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Erythroxylaceae - Erythroxylaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 223 Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Cocaine, Kakane Erythroxylum kunthianum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago Escalloniaceae Itea chinensis Hook. & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Itea macrophylla Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mehmu, Mu-nam, Shel-lay, Yekun Itea riparia Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Yekun Polyosma integrifolia Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Euphorbiaceae Acalypha acmophylla Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Bird-leaved acalypha, Pan- lahpet Acalypha hispida Burm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chenille plant, Kyaung-hmi- pan, Redhot cattail Acalypha indica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyaung-se-pin, Kyaung-yo-the Acalypha lacei Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Acalypha lanceolata Willd. Cited as: Acalypha fallax Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acalypha marginata Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Copperleaf Acalypha siamensis Oliv. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Laphet-nyo Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Beef-tea plant, Copperleaf, Saydan-kya Actephila excelsa Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-zalatpyu Agrostistachys gaudichaudi Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Agrostistachys indica Dalzell Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Alchornea rugosa Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Alchornea sicca Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Alchornea tiliaefolia Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Taninthayi Alchornea villosa Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aleurites cordata (Thunb.) R. Br. ex Steud. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Aleurites fordii Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tung oil tree Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Belgaum walnut, Candle nut, Kanyin-ni, Mai-yao-lik, Mak-man-yao, Mat- yao-hkai, Nbu, Shan-kanyin-ni, Tanyin-si, Taw- thit-kya Dicotyledons: Escalloniaceae - Euphorbiaceae 224 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wils. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Tan-si-pin, Tung oil tree, Wood oil tree Andrachne emicans Dunn Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Antidesma acuminatum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Antidesma alatum Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Kinbalin, Kywe-pyisin Antidesma collettii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kinbilin Antidesma cuspidatum Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Antidesma diandrum Roth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kanbawngnlap, Kinbalin Antidesma fallax Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Antidesma fruticulosum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Antidesma ghesaembilla Gaertn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Byechin, Byisin, Kinbalin, Mai-mao, Ntenren, Pyisin Antidesma gymnogyne Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Byechin-nwe Antidesma helferi Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Antidesma macrophyllum Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Antidesma martabanicum Pres] Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Antidesma menasu Miq. ex Tul. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Antidesma moritizii Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Antidesma pachystemon Airy Shaw Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Antidesma rotatum Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Antidesma roxburghii Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nten-ren-chyamut Antidesma sootepensis Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Antidesma velutinosum Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): The-po Antidesma velutinum Tul. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kinbalin Aporusa aurea Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Aporusa clellandii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Aporusa duthieana King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aporusa ficifolia Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aporusa frutescens Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin Common Name(s): Liyo Aporusa lanceolata Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Aporusa macrophylla Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 225 Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Inchin Aporusa microstachya (Tul.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Aporusa oblonga Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nle Aporusa obovata Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aporusa octandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) A.R. Vickery Cited as: Aporusa dioica (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Aporusa planchoniana Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aporusa roxburghii Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hpun-nammachya, Thit-khauk, Thitsat, Ye-mein Aporusa villosa Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-mate, Thit-sat, Ye-mein Aporusa villosula Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitbu, Thit-khauk, Thit-sat Aporusa wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kadauk Baccaurea bracteata Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lawma Baccaurea flaccida Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanaso Baccaurea parviflora Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanaso, Mai-mak-hpa Baccaurea ptychopyxis Airy Shaw Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Baccaurea sapida Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Cholera fruit, Kanaso, Myanmar grape, Shanyo, Shayu, Shiyu Baliospermum axillare Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Hnat-cho, Ya-wo-mo, Ya-wo- po Baliospermum calycinum Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Baliospermum densiflorum D.G. Long Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Baliospermum micranthum Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Baliospermum yui Y.T. Chang Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bennettia longipes Oliv. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Bischofia javanica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Aukkyu, Aukkywe, Bishop's wood, Hka-shatawi, Kywe-tho, Po-gaungsa, Tayok-the, Ye-padauk, Yepadon Botryophora kingii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Breynia angustifolia Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-chin-ya Breynia coronata Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Breynia patens Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Shan-tabyetsi, Taw-meyaing Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae 226 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Breynia rhamnoides (Retz.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gonnyin-ya, Mak-nung-hpyeng Bridelia alnifolia Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bridelia glauca Blume Cited as: Bridelia pubescens Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Baung-baung, Seik-chi-ywet- the Bridelia griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Bridelia insulana Hance Cited as: Bridelia minutiflora Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Bridelia montana (Roxb.) Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Bridelia ovata Decne. Cited as: Bridelia burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Seik-che, Seik-che-phalan Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hle-kanan, Mak-kawng-tawn, Seik-chi, Seikchi-bo Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume Cited as: Bridelia dasycalyx Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hlekan, Lahpawk, Lahpawkru, Saung-me-ka, Seik-chi-nwe, Sinma-no-pyin Bridelia tomentosa Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Baung-bin, Chinya, Lahpawk, Seik-chi-nwe Cephalocroton discolor Baill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pilaw-pinan-u-ywethla Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmanba, Sa-o-ya Chrozophora plicata A. Juss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Gyo-sagauk Claoxylon indicum Hassk. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Claoxylon leucocarpum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Magway, Mon, Rakhine Claoxylon longipetiolatum Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Yangon Cldoxylon molle Endl. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Cleidiocarpon laurinum Airy Shaw Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleidion bishnui T. Chakrabarty & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cleidion spiciflorum Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Limi, Taw-kanako Cleistanthus chartaceus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Cleistanthus helferi Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cleistanthus lancifolius Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cleistanthus meeboldii Jobl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chinmanan Cleistanthus myrianthus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chinmanan, Mya-ya-pho, Seik- chi-nwe Cleistanthus papyraceus Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 227 Distribution: Mandalay Cleistanthus stenophyllus Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Cnesmone javanica Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Petya-nwe, Phet-yar-nwe Coccoceras plicatum Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Yaungban, Yegyin, Ye-kaing Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden croton, Paw-bye-la, Ywehla-kyet-hmi, Ywethla Coelodiscus glabriusculus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Coelodiscus hirsutulus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Coelodiscus lappaceus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Coelodiscus longipes Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Croton argyratus Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Croton birmanicus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Croton calderi T. Chakrabarty & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Croton calococcus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kanakho-gale Croton caudatus Geisel. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Awle, Taung-salat Croton chlorocalyx Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Croton erythrostachys Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Croton flocculosus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thala Croton joufra Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thetyin-gale, Thetyin-kado Croton meeboldianus T, Chakrabarty & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Croton oblongifolius Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thetyin-gyi Croton rhodostachyus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Croton robustus Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thetyin Croton roxburghianus N.P. Balakr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ha-yang, Maisat-lan, Thetyin- gyi, Umawng Croton sublyratus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Croton tiglium L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kanakho, Mai-hkang Croton tomentosus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Croton wallichii Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thetyin-kado Cyclostemon helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cyclostemon subsessilis Kurz Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae 228 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dalechampia bidentata Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dalechampia burmanica Mukerjee Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dalechampia kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dimorphocalyx meeboldii Pax & K. Hoffm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Drypetes assamica Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon Drypetes balakrishnanii T. Chakrabarty & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Drypetes eglandulosa (Roxb.) Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Yangon Drypetes elliptica Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Drypetes griffithii Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thit-e-gyin Drypetes kurziana C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Drypetes macrophylla Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-kya Drypetes subsessilis Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Drypetes sumatrana Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chay-ahkya, Htakyu, Ku-hlu, Mai-hkam, Set-kalwe, Set-thalwe, Shabyu, Tasha, Taya, Zibyu Endospermum chinense Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Euphorbia antiquorum L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kun, Milkhedge, Tazaung-gyi, Tazaung-pyathat Euphorbia atoto Forst. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Euphorbia clavidigitata Gage Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euphorbia cyanophylla Lev. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euphorbia epiphylloides Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia geniculata Ortega Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Euphorbia heterophylla L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kywe-kyaung-myin-si Euphorbia hirta L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euphorbia hypericifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmin-that-pin Euphorbia kingdon-wardii Binojk. & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Euphorbia kuraiana Fisch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Euphorbia lacei Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-zaung, Tazaung-pyathat Euphorbia laciniata Panigrahi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euphorbia laetea Heyne Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 229 Distribution: Cultivated Euphorbia microphylla Heyne Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia milii Moutins. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Crown of thorns, Kiss-me- quick, Shazaung-tinga-neah Euphorbia minbuensis Gage Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euphorbia neriifolia L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Oleander-leaved euphorbia, Shazaung-myin-na, Ta-zaung, Zizaung Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Shazaung, Tazaung-myin-na Euphorbia parkeri Binojk. & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia pilulifera L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Asthma herb, Kya-bahon, Milkweed Euphorbia prolifera Buch-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Euphorbia pucherrima Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ganaing-kyetthayay, Poinsettia, Ywt-hla Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia scabrifolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Euphorbia sessiliflora Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Euphorbia sikkimensis Boiss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Euphorbia tavoyensis N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Euphorbia thymifolia Burm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thyme-leaved spurge Euphorbia tirucalli L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Finger tree, Milk bush, Tazaung-letyo Euphorbia trigona Haw. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Shazaung-pyatthat Excoecaria agallocha L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kayaw, Tayaw Excoecaria cochinchinensis Loutr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Padamya-tahpet-mya-tahpet Excoecaria formosana (Hayata) Hayata Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Excoecaria holophylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Excoecaria oppositifolia Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalaw-ga Excoecaria orientalis Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chinya-pyu, Kon-chinya Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt Cited as: Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kon-chinya, Mai-kang-pa, Tingroi, Ye-chinya, Ye-gyin-ya Gelonium bifarium Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Gelonium glomerulatum (Blume) Hassk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae 230 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Gelonium multiflorum A. Juss. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lemin, Mai-nun-kun, Se-than- baya Glochidion arboreum Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Yuandong Glochidion assamicum Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Htamin-sok-phyu, Tamasok Glochidion brunneum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion coccineum Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hta-ma-soke, Kon-mama, Tamasok, Taw-insok, Washa-nam Glochidion coronatum Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tamasok Glochidion daltoni Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Glochidion dasystylum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Glochidion desmogyne Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion fagifolium Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tamasok-gyi Glochidion gamblei Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Glochidion glaucifolium Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hta-ma-sok, Hta-min-sok Glochidion helferi Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion heyneanum Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Hpo-kwe, Hta-ma-sok Glochidion hirsutum Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hta-min-sok, Tamasok Glochidion hohenackeri Bedd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tamasok Glochidion hongkongense Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thit-maleinma Glochidion insulare Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glochidion kerrii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Glochidion laevigatum (Muell. Arg.) Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion leiostylum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-ywetthay Glochidion multiloculare Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mamam, Tamasok, Taminsok, Wa-sha-nam Glochidion nanogynum Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion nepalense Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glochidion nubigenum Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Glochidion obscurum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Glochidion sphaerogynum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Buzo Glochidion subscandens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 231 Glochidion subsessile N.P. Balakr. & T. Chakrabarty Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glochidion subterblancum Fisch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyanma Glochidion superbum Baill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glochidion velutinum Wight Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Buso, Buzo Glochidion villicaule Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Hemicyclia andamanica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Hemicyclia sumatrana Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kawbat, Kyetpaung, Para rubber tree Homonoia riparia Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Shan Common Name(s): Ye-chanya, Ye-kyin-yar, Ye- nay, Ye-tagyl Hura crepitans L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Monkey dinner bell, Sandbox tree Hymenocardia punctata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-gin, Yegyin Jatropha curcas L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyet-su-gyi, Makman-yoo, Physic nut, Purging nut, Siyo-kyetsu, Thinbaw- kyetsu, Tun-kong Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Taw-kyetsu Jatropha gossypifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyetsu-kanako, Taw-kanako, Thinbaw-kanako Jatropha hastata Jacq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Fiddle-leaved jatropha Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Cited as: Manihot diversifolia Sweet Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Jatropha multifida L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bein-hpo, Coral bush, Semakhan Jatropha podagrica Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gouty-stemmed jatropha, Tabin-shwe-hti Jatropha pungens Forssk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyetsu, Taw-kanako Kirganelia reticulata (Poir.) Baill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ye-chinya Macaranga brandisii King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Macaranga denticulata Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Laja Lahkran, Ngapi-bet, Nwong-kye Vongkael, Pada-nge, Pethla, Pet- waing, Phet-waing, Phet-wun Macaranga indica Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mon Macaranga membranacea Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Macaranga minutiflora Muell. Arg. Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae 232 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Macaranga pustulata King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Magway Macaranga tanarius Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pada Macaranga triloba Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Mallotus acuminatus Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Mallotus albus Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lahkru, Petwaing, Petwun-byu Mallotus barbatus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mallotus clellandii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indaing-thidin, Mai-paung- tame, Taw-thidin Mallotus cochinchinensis Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lahkru, Lahkru-kaji, Petwaing, Petwun, Taung-pet-wun Mallotus decipiens Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mallotus distichum Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Mallotus filiformis Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Mallotus floribundus Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-kado Mallotus helferi Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taunglon-gyaw Mallotus khasianus Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mallotus kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daukyat Mallotus leptostachyus Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Mallotus longipes Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Mallotus macrostachyus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mallotus nepalensis Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Lahkru, Petwun, Tui Mallotus pachypodus Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mallotus paniculatus Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Mallotus peltatus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpadawng, Hpawng-awn, Indian kamala, Mai-hpawng-tun, Palannwe, Po- thi-din, Taw-thi-din Mallotus polyneurus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Mallotus repandus Muell. Arg. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ngahlaing-bo, Taw-thidin-nwe Mallotus ricinoides Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Mallotus roxburghianus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Naturalized Mallotus subpeltatus (Blume) Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Mallotus tristis Pax & Hoffm. Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 233 Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Mallotus wallichianus Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Manihot esculenta Crantz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Cassava, Kala-marauk, Nie- thir-hti, Palaw-pi-nan-u-pin, Tapioca Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ceara rubber, Kawbut Microdesmis caseariaefolia Planch. ex Hook. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Neoscortechinia philippinensis (Merr.) Welzen Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neotrigonostemon diversifolius Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Nepenthandra lanceolata Spencer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ostodes helferi Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ostodes paniculata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-badon-gale Pedilanthus latifolius Millsp. & Britton Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gongaman Pedilanthus tithymaloides Poit. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gongaman, Slipper plant Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels Cited as: Cicca acida (L.) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mak-hkam-sang-paw, Star gooseberry, Thinbaw-zibyu Phyllanthus albizzioides (Kurz) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sha-ma, Shit-sha Phyllanthus baeobotryoides Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Phyllanthus birmanicus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phyllanthus clarkei Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Phyllanthus columnaris Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kalon-letthe, Mak-sup-ka- lawn, Ye-tasha Phyllanthus distichus Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Thin-baw-ziphyu Phyllanthus elegans Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Phyllanthus gomphocarpus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Phyllanthus hamiltonianus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Phyllanthus lanceolarius (Roxb.) Muell. Arg. Cited as: Glochidion lanceolarium (Roxb.) Voigt Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hta-min-sok, Tamasok Phyllanthus macrocarpus (Blume) Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Taw-ziphyu Phyllanthus nanus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mye-shit-sha-gale Phyllanthus niruri L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Flor- de -joja, Kyet-tha-hin, Yaung-ma-ywet Phyllanthus parvifolius Buch.-Ham. Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae 234 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Phyllanthus pomiferus Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chyahkya, Mai-mak-hkam, Sha-byu, Zibyu Phyllanthus prainianus Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Ye-chin-yar Phyllanthus rheedii Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Ma-shaw, Ma-shaw-se Phyllanthus roeperianus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Phyllanthus simplex Retz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Shit-sha Phyllanthus urinaria L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mye-shit-sha, Mye-ziphyu Plukenetia corniculata Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Badi-byu, Daukyat, Mai-mot, Mai-motawn, Taukyat, Ye-padi Ricinus communis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Castor oil plant, Kyetsu, Mai- kong-leng, Sha-pang, Toon Ryparia caesia Blume ex Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Naturalized Sapium baccatum Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Awle, Le-lun, Lin-lun, Ye- badon Sapium discolor (Champ. ex Benth.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sapium eugeniifolium Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Aw-le Sapium indicum Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bonlon, Padat Sapium insigne (Muell. Arg.) Trimen Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lin-lun, Se-wet-thakauk, Taung-kala, Thit-pyauk Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese tallow tree, Payaung Sapium virgatum Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Sauropus albicans Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyet-tha-hin, Maung-makaw, U-sangau-la, Yaungma-kinnyo Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Ma-shaw Sauropus bicolor Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Sauropus brevipes Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sauropus compressus Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Hmansi Sauropus concinnus Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Sauropus grandifolius Pax & Hoffm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Sauropus macranthus Hassk. Dicotyledons: Euphorbiaceae - Euphorbiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 235 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sauropus macrophyllus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Sauropus quadrangularis Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Sauropus trinervius Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell. Arg. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Securinega obovata Muell. Arg. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kon-chinya Sumbavia macrophylla Muell. Arg. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Petwaing-byu Tragia burmanica Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trewia nudiflora L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Setkadon, Ye-hmyok Trewia polycarpa Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trigonostemon birmanicus T. Chakrabarty & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trigonostemon heteranthus Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Trigonostemon laetus Baill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trigonostemon longifolius Baill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Trigonostemon nigrifolius N.P. Balakr. & T. Chakrabarty Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trigonostemon sunirmalii T. Chakrabarty & N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trigonostemon villosus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Wetria insignis (Steud.) Airy Shaw Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fabaceae Abrus precatorius L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chek-awn, Crab's eyes, Ywe, Ywe-nge, Ywe-nwe Abrus pulchellus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Aeschynomene aspera L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynomene indica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nay-bin Aganope heptaphylla (L.) Polhill Cited as: Derris sinuata Benth. ex Thwaites Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Maknim-lai, Myauk-gonnyin Aganope thyrsiflora (Benth.) Polhill Cited as: Derris thyrsiflora (Benth.) Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Alysicarpus bupleurifolius DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Alysicarpus hendersonii Schindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alysicarpus monilifer DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Alysicarpus prainii Schindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alysicarpus rugosa DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 236 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Than-ma-naing-kyauk-ma- naing Amorpha fruticosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Apios carnea Benth. ex Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Arachis hypogaea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Groundnut, Monkey nut, Myay-pe, Peanut Astragalus vicioides Graham Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Atylosia barbata Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Atylosia burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Atylosia crassa Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Atylosia mollis Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Butea frondosa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bastard teak, Bengal kino, Palas tree, Pauk Butea minor Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Changan, Flame of the forest, Khapone Tanom, Mai-kao, Pauk, Pawpan, Shang-gan Butea parviflora Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Laban-ru, Nwe-ni, Pauk-nwe, Rubanru Butea superba Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kao-hko, Kosot-lot, Pauk-nwe, Paw-tohkaw Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bo-chang, Hpunlasi, Hpyan, Pe-sin-gon, Pigeon pea Cajanus lineatus (Wight & Arn.) L.J.G. van der Maesen Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cajanus niveus (Benth.) L.J.G. van der Maesen Cited as: Atylosia nivea Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Sagaing Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thou. ex Graham Cited as: Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Callerya atropurpurea (Wall.) Schot Cited as: Millettia atropurpurea (Wall.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kywe-danyin, Letzin, Tanyi-ni Campylotropis burmanicus Ohashi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campylotropis kingdonii Ohashi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campylotropis luhitensis Ohashi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campylotropis rogersii Schindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Campylotropis sessilifolia Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Canavalia ensiformis DC, Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Canavalia gladiata DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Horse bean, Jack bean, Nam- nawbaw, Pe-dalet, Pe-dama, Pe-damouk, Pe-det, Pe-gale, Pe-naung-ni, Rar Bu-shot Kwe-e Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 237 Canavalia turgida Grach. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bosape, Tayok-pe Canavalia virosa Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pe-dalet-yaing Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black bean, Moreton Bay chestnut, Thawka-mala Cicer arietinum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gram chickpea, Kala-pe, Myinsa-pe, Singaung-pe Clitoria macrophylla Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Clitoria mariana L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-peik-san, Taw-pesein Clitoria ternatea L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Aung-mai-hpyu, Aung-me-nyo, Butterfly pea, Pe-nauk-ni Crotalaria acicularis Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Crotalaria alata Buch.-Ham. ex G. Don Cited as: Crotalaria bialata Schrank Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chu-bin Crotalaria albida Heyne Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Crotalaria assamica Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Crotalaria bracteata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Crotalaria burhia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pikesan-thein Crotalaria burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crotalaria calycina Schrank Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Crotalaria chinensis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi Crotalaria collettii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Crotalaria dubia Grah. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Crotalaria ferruginea Grah. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Crotalaria filiformis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Crotalaria juncea L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-paiksan, Pikesan, Sunn hemp Crotalaria khasiana N.P. Balakr. ex K. Thothatri & A.A. Ansari Cited as: Crotalaria capitata Benth. ex Baker Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Crotalaria kurzii Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Yangon Crotalaria linifolia L.f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Pike-san-gyi Crotalaria macrophylla Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crotalaria medicaginea Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pe-yaing-gale Crotalaria neriifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Crotalaria orixensis Rottl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 238 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-pikesan Crotalaria peguana Benth. ex Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Crotalaria perpusilla Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crotalaria psoralioides D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Crotalaria quinquefolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-pikeson Crotalaria retusa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Glory of Mahabaleshwar, Taw- pikesan Crotalaria sericea Retz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-pike-san Crotalaria sessiliflora L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay Crotalaria shanica Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Crotalaria stocksii Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Crotalaria striata DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyachu, Taw-pike-san Crotalaria tetragona Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Chu-pin Crotalaria usaramoensis E.G. Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Camel thorn, Sulanapha, Tulanapha Crotalaria venusta Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Crotalaria verrucosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pikesan Cruddasia insignis Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Cyamopsis tetragonloba (L.) Taub. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Cluster bean, Guar, Pe-pazun, Pe-wali Cylista scarisoa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway Dalbergia assamica Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Medeloa Dalbergia burmanica Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tamalan-bo Dalbergia cana Grah. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yitmaung-sa Dalbergia collettii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Madama Dalbergia confertiflora Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dalbergia congesta Grah. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dalbergia cultrata Grah. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Amhri, Hkior, Hlwain, Mai- viet, The-rhe, Yin-daik, Zaungi Dalbergia cumingiana Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dalbergia foliacea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daungtalaung, Taw-gale-met Dalbergia fusca Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 239 Common Name(s): Yinzat Dalbergia glomeriflora Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Dalbergia hemsleyi Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tamalan-bo Dalbergia henryana Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Dalbergia junghuhnii Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kayu-lakka, Ton-nwe Dalbergia kerrii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Dalbergia kingiana Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dalbergia kurzii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Yangon Common Name(s): Thitpok Dalbergia lacei Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Shan Dalbergia lanceolaria L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Laungle, Thit-pagan Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dalbergia maymyensis Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Yindaik Dalbergia muliflora Heyne Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thit-pagan Dalbergia nigrescens Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Thit-nan-nwin Dalbergia obtusifolia Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Moksoma, N-wa-ulang, Wun- byaung Dalbergia oliveri Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Burmese rosewood, Mai-ho- gwan, Tabauk, Tamalan Dalbergia ovata Grah. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Axe-handle wood, Gyobo- ywet-the, Madama, N-wai-ylang, Sawidi, Wun- byaung Dalbergia paniculata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tapauk, Thitsanwin Dalbergia peguensis Thoth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Prain Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Magyi-nwe Dalbergia prainii Thoth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Dalbergia prazeri Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tamalan-bo Dalbergia pseudo-ovata Thoth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Dalbergia purpurea Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dalbergia reniformis Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dauk-laung, Dauk-ma, Ye- magyl Dalbergia rimosa Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dauk-ta-laung, Ndawng- karawng Dalbergia rubiginosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Wide Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 240 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kala-padauk, Sisso Dalbergia spinosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Byaik, Ye-chinya Dalbergia stipulacea Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dauk-ta-laung, Kyar-kun-thi, Tamalan-nwe, Thit-magyi, Yai-yaw Dalbergia torta Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dalbergia velutina Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Dauk-talaung, Daung-da-laung, Padon-nwe Dendrolobium triangulare (Retz.) Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Derris amherstianus K. Thothatri Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Derris amoena Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Derris andamanica Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Derris cuneifolia Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Yangon Derris elegans Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Leik-u-nwe, Migyaung-nwe Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hon, Myin-gaung-nwe, Tuba root derris Derris ferruginea Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Derris, Indian tuba root, Migyaung-nwe-hmwe-sok Derris floridunda Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Derris indica Burret Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thinwin-pyu Derris kingdonwardii K. Thothatri Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Derris lacei Dunn Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Derris latifolia Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Derris malaccensis Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Derris Derris marginata Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Derris microphylla (Mig.) B.D. Jacks. Cited as: Derris dalbergioides Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nga-ya-nin, Taw-mezali Derris microptera Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kywe-gale Derris mitis (L.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Derris monticola Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon Derris pulchra Gage Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Derris robusta Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Derris tree, Kundu-bo, Pokthinma-myet-kauk, Thit-pagan, Thit-sa- nwin-ywet-the, Zaungi Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 241 Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Crocodile creeper, Migyaung- nwe Derris timorensis Blume ex Miq. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Derris trifoliata Lour. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago Common Name(s): Black creeper, Nwe-net Derris wallichii Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Taninthayi Desmodium auricomum Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Desmodium biarticulatum Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Desmodium birmannicum Watt ex Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Desmodium capitatum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium cephalotes Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyo-lay-pyauk, Laukmin, Mwe-bet, Tingsi, Yato-pyek Desmodium cephalotoides Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Desmodium concinnum DC, Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Desmodium diffusum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyat-pin Desmodium flexuosum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Desmodium floribundum G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Desmodium gangeticum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyemi-hpo, Than-byet-gyi Desmodium grande Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Desmodium gyrans DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nra-lap, Se-ka-myin, Shikkho- pin Desmodium gyroides DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Se-kamyin-pin Desmodium henryi Schin. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Desmodium hispidum Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Desmodium insigne Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay Desmodium karensium Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Desmodium kingianum Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Desmodium kurzii Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Desmodium laburnifolium DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Desmodium lacei Schindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Desmodium latifolium DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyopan, Tingsi Desmodium laxiflorum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ywet-kat Desmodium longipes Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 242 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Desmodium megaphyllum Zoll. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Desmodium multiflorum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Desmodium obcordatum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Desmodium oblatum Baker ex Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium oblongum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyu, Sewah-gale, Ya-hak-lin Desmodium olivaceum Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Se-thanlyet Desmodium parvifolium DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Desmodium podocarpum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Desmodium polycarpum (Poir.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Desmodium prainii Schendl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Desmodium pulchellum Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bahon, Pan-letwa, Se-leik-pya, Tabyetse, Taung-damin Desmodium renifolium (L.) Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kayu-pin pauk Desmodium reniforme DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Desmodium reticulatum Champ. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Desmodium retroflexum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Desmodium rottleri Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Desmodium rufihirsutum Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Desmodium rugosum Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Desmodium sequax Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Desmodium sinuatum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Desmodium styracifolium Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium substipulaceum Blume ex Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium teres Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Desmodium tiliaefolium (D. Don) G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Desmodium toppinii Schindler Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium triangulare (Retz.) Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Three-flowered beggarweed Desmodium umbellatum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay, Taninthayi Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC.. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Desmodium vestitum Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Desmodium wallichii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Palaung-thay Dicerma hispidum Schindler Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 243 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dioclea wilsonii Strand]. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sea bean Dolichos candicans Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dolichos falcatus Klein Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Magway, Mandalay Dolichos lanceolatus Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Dolichos subaequalis R. Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dolichos subcarnosus Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Dolichos tetragonolobus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Goa bean, Htapang, Ku-bemya, Pe-myit, Pe-zaungya, San-to-nan, To-pan Dolichos umbellatus Thunb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dolichos uniflorus Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Goa bean, Horse bean, Horse- gram, Pe-bizat Dumasia nitida Chun ex Y.T. Wei & S.K. Lee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dumasia prazeri S.V. Predeep & M.P. Nayar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dumasia villosa DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Dunbaria burmanica K. Thothatri & P. Satyanarayana Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dunbaria circinalis Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Dunbaria gracilipes Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dunbaria maymyoensis P. Satyanarayana & K. Thothatri Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dunbaria micholitzii N.E. Br. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Dunbaria podocarpa Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Dysolobium grande Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Khwe-labyut-nwe Eriosema chinense Vogel Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pike-san-gale Eriosema pilosum Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kathit, Maga Erythrina bisetosa Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erythrina crista-galli L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cockspur, Coral tree, Thinbaw- kaththit Erythrina fusca Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Kathit, Kon-kathit, Purple coral tree Erythrina holosericea Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Erythrina lithosperma Blume ex Mig. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ye-kathit Erythrina stricta Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kathit, Mai-ton, Taung-kathit Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 244 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Erythrina suberosa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kathit Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ye-kathit Erythrina variegata L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Coral tree, In-kathit, Kathit, Kathit-phyu, Pinle-kathit, Tiger's claw Flemingia angusta Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Pokthinmi Flemingia chappar Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bahon, Gyo-pan, Kyabahon, Se-laik-pya Flemingia fluminalis C.B. Clarke & Als. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Flemingia helferiana Pres} Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flemingia involucrata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Flemingia lacei Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Cited as: Flemingia congesta Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Palan-byu, Phalan-phyu, Taw- shwe-war Flemingia paniculata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Flemingia stricta Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Flemingia strobilifera R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Yangon Common Name(s): Se-laik-pya, Thingu-gyat Flemingia wallichii Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Galactia oxyphylla Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geissaspis cristata Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Gliricidia sepium (Jacp.) Walp. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Madre, Thinbaw-ngusat Glycine grahami Wall. ex Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glycine max (L.) Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ber-hrum, Hsan-to-nouk, Nga- see, Pe-bok, Pe-ngapi, Soy bean Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Liquorice, Thinbaw-nwecho Grona filicaulis Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Grona grahamii Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Hedysarum fistulosum Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Indigofera anil L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mahtat, Me, Meyaing Indigofera atropurpurea Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Meyaing Indigofera bella Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Indigofera brunoniana Graham Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taung-maisein, Taung-meyaing Indigofera caloneura Kurz Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 245 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Indigofera cuneaphylla L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mahtat, Me Indigofera emmae |. de Kort & G. Thijsse Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Indigofera endecaphylla Jacq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Trailing indigo Indigofera enneaphylla L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Meyaing Indigofera galegoides DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-meyaing Indigofera gerardiana Graham Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Indigofera hamiltoni Graham Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Indigofera hirsuta L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hairy indigo Indigofera hover Forssk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Indigofera howellii Craib & W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Indigofera lacei Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Meyaing, Tame Indigofera linifolia Retz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Than-manaing-kyauk-manaing Indigofera maymyoensis M. Sanjappa Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Indigofera meghalayensis M. Sanjappa Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Indigofera minbuensis Gage Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Indigofera nigrescens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Indigofera pulchella Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kan-tin, Mawk-kham, Taw- meyaing Indigofera reticulata Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Indigofera squalida Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Shan-mai Indigofera tinctoria L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Indigo, Me, Me-nai, Me-net Indigofera trita L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Mai-kop, Me-mai, Meyaing- gale Indigofera viscosa Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kalon-taing-baw Lablab niger Medik Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bepi, By-lap, Indian bean, Lablab bean, Nwai-pe, Pe-letma, Pe-maung- makaw, Pe-pazum, Pe-seik-gyo, Pe-wa-kyeik, Pe-wet-swe, To-tat Lathyrus aphaca L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chickling vetch, Tawt- sadawpe, Yellow-flowered pea Lathyrus odoratus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 246 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Pe-pan, Sweet pea Lathyrus sativus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pe-chinbaung, Pe-sali Lens culinaris Medic Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dhal, Lentil, Masur, Pe-ni-ale, Pesan-ban, Pe-yaza Lespedeza decora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Lespedeza juncea Pers. Cited as: Lespedeza cuneata (Courset) G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Lespedeza parviflora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Lespedeza pinetorum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Lespedeza prainii Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kye-byu Lespedeza rogersii Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lespedeza sericophylla Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Lespedeza sessilifolia Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Lespedeza stenocarpa Max. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Lespedeza thomsoni Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Vetch Lourea campanulata Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Lourea obcordata Desv. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Lourea paniculata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Lupinus albus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): White lupin Lupinus angustifolius L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue lupin Lupinus luteus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Yellow lupin Mecopus nidulans Benn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Yangon Melilotus alba Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Pe-yaing, White sweet clover Melilotus indica (L.) All. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pe-yaing, Yellow sweet clover Millettia brandisiana Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thit-pagan Millettia caerulea Baker Habit: Climber Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Millettia cana Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Millettia cinerea Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Se-min Millettia cubittii Dunn Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thinbaw-pauk-pan-phyu Millettia dielsiana Harms Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Millettia dorwardii Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Noibawru Millettia eriocalyx Dunn Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 247 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Semein, Win-u Millettia erythrocalyx Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Millettia extensa Benth. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dama-nge, Kai-sang-mi, Semein, Win-u Millettia filipes Dunn Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon Millettia fruticosa Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin Millettia glaucescens Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pyin-po, Taungka, Taung- kazaw, Thinwin-pauk-phyu Millettia griffithii Dunn Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Millettia harrowiana Diels Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Millettia ichthyochtona Bureau & Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Millettia leiogyna Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon Millettia macrostachya Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Pwin-nan, Ye-thinwin Millettia monticola Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon Millettia multiflora Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pingan, Thitpagan Millettia ovalifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nantha, Thin-win Millettia pachycarpa Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mi-gyaung-nwe, Nhtau-ru, Semein Millettia peguensis Ali Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nantha, Thinwin Millettia pendula Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thinwin, Thin-win Millettia piscidia Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Natha-phyu, Thinwin Millettia podocarpa Dunn Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Millettia pubinervis Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thinwin-bo Millettia puerarioides Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Millettia pulchra Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Swethe, Thinwin-zat, Thitpagan Millettia racemosa Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nan-khwe-yaing, Thitpagan, Yazawin-nwe Millettia rivularis Khanna & Cep. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Millettia sericea Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Millettia subpalmata Dunn Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Millettia tetraptera Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thinwin Millettia trifoliata Dunn Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 248 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): San-che Millettia utilis Dunn Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Thinwin Millettia wrightiana Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Millettia xylocarpa Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Moghania bracteata (Roxb.) Li Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thingo-gyat Moghania grahamiana Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Moghania latifolia (Benth.) Mukerj. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Moghania lineata Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyeni Moghania macrophylla (Willd.) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kye-ni, Lachost, Sahpah, Taw- shwewa Moghania nana Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Moghania semialata (Roxb.) Mukerj. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thagya-nai Moghania sericans (Kurz) Mukerj. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Shan Moghania strobilifera (L.) Aiton f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gaung-onsa, Palan-byu, Seleik- byu Mucuna bracteata DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nwe-bok, Wee-te Mucuna cochinchinensis Cheval. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Gwe-nge-pe, Khway-lay-pe, Lyon bean, Pe-det-net, White-flowered velvet bean Mucuna collettii Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Mucuna exserta C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Sea bean Mucuna hainanensis Hayata Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mucuna imbricata DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Pauk-net Mucuna monosperma DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myauk-do, Myauk-go-nyin Mucuna nigricans (Lour.) Steud. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Cited as: Mucuna prurita Hook. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwin-nge, Hko-mak-awa, Khwele-ya, To-ma-awn Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Mucuna utilis Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Aong-lawk, Gwe-nge-pe, Kwe- ye-pe, Kywele-pe, Pe-det-anet, Purple-flowered velvet bean, Ra, Yom-nung Mucuna venulosa (Piper) Merr. & Metcalf Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 249 Neocollettia gracilis Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ormosia dubia Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ormosia inopinata Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ormosia laxa Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ormosia robusta Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kabe, Kywe-danyin Ormosia stricta Dunn Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Ormosia tavoyana Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Talaing-zin Ormosia watsonii Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Lezin Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Chinese potato, Mah-pra, Mrauk-u, Pe-sein-sa, Yam bean Parochetus communis Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-pe-nauk, Tepary bean Phaseolus angustatus Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phaseolus aureus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mung bean, Pe-di-wa, Suna Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Beli, Be-nauk, Be-pwe, Be- sang, Be-te, Be-tyel, Ning krung-shapre, Pe- nauk-saung, Pe-yin, Rice bean Phaseolus depauperatus Graham Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phaseolus fuscus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin Phaseolus grandis Dalzell & A. Gibson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Khwe-labut-nwe Phaseolus lunatus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Butter bean, Htawbat-pe, Kal- beir-kan, Kawl-be, Lima bean, Pe-bra, Pe-byu- gyi, Pe-gya, Santagu-pe, Tim-sin, Tunoran Phaseolus mungo L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black gram, Mat-pe Phaseolus radiatus L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mung dhal, Pe-di, Pe-di-sein, Pe-nauk, To-pi-si Phaseolus sublobatus Buch.-Ham. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phaseolus tenuicaulis Baker Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago Phaseolus trilobus Ait. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-matpe Phaseolus velutinus Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon Phaseolus vexillatus L. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phaseolus vulgaris L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bo-sa-pe, Bush bean, French bean, Hto-pe-ton, Kidney bean, Mete-beir, Pra- say-taut, Ta-la-pe, To-Tok Phylacium majus Collett & Hemsl. Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 250 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Piptanthus leiocarpus Stapf Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Piptanthus nepalensis Sweet Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Magway, Shan Piptanthus tomentosus Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pisum elatius Stern Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-sadawpe, Wild pea Pisum sativum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pe-leikpya, Pe-sa-u, Pe-si-lon, Sadawpe, San-too-see, To-kam, Wan-du-si Pongamia mitis (L.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Pongamia pinnata Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Thinwin-pyu Priotropis cytisoides Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Myaing-dauk-ywe Psoralea corylifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Babchi, Nehle, Prairie turnip Pterocarpus dalbergioides Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Katpali-padauk Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-padauk, Pashu-padauk Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-chi-tawk, Mai-pi-tawk, Myanmar rosewood, Padauk, Padok, Thit- padauk Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Padauk Pterocarpus santalinus L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Natha-ni, Red sandalwood Pueraria alopecuroides Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Pueraria brachycarpa Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Pueraria candollei Wall. ex Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Ma-u-nwe, Wun-u-nwe Pueraria collettii Prain Cited as: Pueraria stricta Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chiya Pueraria hirsuta Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Pueraria lacei Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kudzu Pueraria peduncularis Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Pueraria phaseoloides Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kudzu, Taw-pe Pueraria thomsoni Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Pueraria tuberosa DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyway-byu, U-hmone-u Pueraria wallichii DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 251 Rhynchosia avensis Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-pe Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Rhynchosia candicans Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchosia himalensis Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-pe Rhynchosia pilosa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady Rhynchosia rufescens DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Rhynchosia sericea Span. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Robinia pseudoacacia L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black locust, False acacia Sesbania aegyptiaca Potr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-tha-gyi Seshania bispinosa (Jacq.) Fawcett & Rendle Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dhunchee hemp, Nyan Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nyan Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Paukpan-byu Sesbania javanica Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sesbania paludosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Nyan Sesbania procumbens Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nyan-thein, Paw pauk Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-thagyi Shuteria bracteosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Shuteria hirsuta Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Shuteria suffulta Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Shuteria vestita Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Smithia sensitiva Ait. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nwa-hta-min Sophora acuminata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Sophora benthamii Steenis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Sophora dunii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Sophora exigua Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sophora praseri Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Sophora tomentosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thinbaw-magy1 Spatholobus acuminatus Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi, Yangon Spatholobus listeri Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Yangon Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 252 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Don-nwe Spatholobus merguensis Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Spatholobus pottingeri Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Spatholobus riparius Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Pauk-nwe Spatholobus roseus Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Spatholobus roxburghii Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Da-ma-nge, Labanru, Nwe-ni, Pauk-nwe, Rubanru Spatholobus squamiger Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Tadehagi rodgeri (Schindler) H. Ohashi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi Cited as: Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Lauk-thay, Moko-lanma, Shwe- gu-than-hlet, Thagya-hlandin Tephrosia candida (Roxb.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Boga-mediloa, Toe-hay Tephrosia coccinea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tephrosia hirta Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Me-yaing Tephrosia pauciflora Graham Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Bastard indigo, Me-yaing Tephrosia senticosa Pers. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Tephrosia tinctoria Pers. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tephrosia villosa Pers. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Teramnus flexilis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Teramnus labialis Spreng. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-pe Teramnus wallichii Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trifolium latinum Sebast. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Berseem Trifolium repens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Stone clover, White clover Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Fenugreek, Pe-natha Ulex europaeus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gorse Uraria barbata Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Uraria clarkei Gagnep. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Uraria collettii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uraria cordifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Uraria crinita Desv. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 253 Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Uraria gracilis Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uraria hamosa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Uraria henryi Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uraria kurzii Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uraria lacei Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Uraria lagopodioides DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyaungme-pan, Than-hlyet- gale Uraria lagopus DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Uraria latifolia Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Uraria macrostachya Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyaungme-ku Uraria picta Desv. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyemi-ma Uraria repanda Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Uraria rufescens Schindler Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vicia faba L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bosa-pe, Pe-let-ma, San-du-si, San-to-pe, Tayok-pe Vicia sativa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pe-ni-gale, Pesan-ban, Taw-pe, Vetch Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Marechal Cited as: Phaseolus adenanthus G. Mey. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Wild sword bean Vigna brachycarpa Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Rakhine Vigna catjang Walp. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bo-cate-pe, Bui-loi som-pi- nark Vark-yell, Cow pea, Pe-doung-she, Pe-let- kauk, Pe-lon, Pe-lun, Pe-nga-shan, Pe-sa-u, San- to hai, Wagaung-pe Vigna lucens Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Vigna lutea (Sw.) A. Gray Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Beach pea Vigna luteola Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pe-dalet-yaing, Wild sword bean Vigna pilosa Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Taw-pe Vigna repens Baker Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wisteria chinensis Sieb. & Zucc. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Zornia diphylla Pers. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Dicotyledons: Fabaceae - Fabaceae 254 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Fagaceae Castanea mollissima Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Castanea sativa Mill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Spanish chestnut, Sweet chestnut, Thit-e Castanopsis argentea A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chyaran, Matauk-takauk, Thit- e Castanopsis argyrophylla King Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Fa-hear, Gon, Mai-kaw, Thit-e, Thittat Castanopsis armata Spach Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Thit-e Castanopsis birmanica A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Castanopsis clarkei King Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Metlein Castanopsis diversifolia King Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Kyanza Castanopsis griffithii A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Castanopsis hystrix A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Castanopsis indica A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ginsa, Gon, Indian chestnut, Kinsa, Matsawi, Thit-e, Thit-e-gyin Castanopsis inermis (Lindl. ex Wall.) Benth. & Hook. f. Cited as: Castanopsis sumatrana A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Castanopsis javanica A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Castanopsis parishii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin Castanopsis rhamnifolia A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyanza, Wet-thit-ta Castanopsis tribuloides A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Ginsa kinsa, Ginsa-matsawi Castanopsis wallichii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Lithocarpus acuminata Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Lithocarpus amherstianus (Wall.) A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabeik-thitta Lithocarpus calathiformis Skan Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Naba, Pin-sauk Lithocarpus chittagonga (King) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway Common Name(s): Wa-sagam Lithocarpus collettii (King) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Sagat, Sagat-pyaung, Thit-e- myet-pye Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook. f. & Thoms. ) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kywet-sa-ni, Thit-e Lithocarpus dolichostachys A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatusima ex Soepadmo Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lithocarpus encleisacarpus (Korth.) A. Camus Cited as: Quercus encleisacarpa Korth. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Fagaceae - Fagaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 255 Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Lithocarpus eumorphus (Kurz) A. Camus Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Lithocarpus falconeri (Kurz) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabeik, Yun Lithocarpus fenestrata (Roxb.) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kamyin, Ta-en, Thitcha, Thit-e, Thitpayaung, Tsahkai Lithocarpus grandifolia (D. Don) S.N. Biswas Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Man-weik-taw, Sagat, Thabeik- shaw, Thit-cha, Thit-e-gon, Ye-petyaing Lithocarpus jenkinsii (Benth.) C.C. Huang & Y.T. Chang Cited as: Quercus jenkinsii Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Shalawng-sagang Lithocarpus kingianus (Gamble) A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Wun-thabok Lithocarpus lappaceus (Roxb.) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Tanyin, Thitcha Lithocarpus lindleyanus (Wall.) A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Phet-kyan Lithocarpus listeri (King) Grierson & D.G. Long Cited as: Quercus listeri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lithocarpus magnificus (Brandis) A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Mai-kaw-wo, Mai-man- pauwau, Thit-e-ni Lithocarpus pachyphylla (Kurz) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Lithocarpus parkinsonii A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Lithocarpus pleiocarpus A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lithocarpus polystachya (Wall.) Rehd. Cited as: Quercus bancana Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Meik-kaw-kaw, Thit-e-gyin, Thit-e-pan Lithocarpus rodgerianus A. Camus Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Lithocarpus spicatus (Sm.) Rehd. & E. Wilson Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lithocarpus thomsonii (Miq.) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Thit-e Lithocarpus truncata (King) Rehd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Cheng meik-taw, Kywetsa-net, Thit-e Lithocarpus variolosa (Franchet) Chun. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lithocarpus viridis (Schottky) Rehd. & E. Wilson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lithocarpus wrayi (King) A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Wet-thitcha Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgraf Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thit-e-gon Quercus augustinii Skan Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus brandisiana Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Natthami-tan-phoo, Palat, Ta- ok, Thitcha Quercus divaricata Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Fagaceae - Fagaceae 256 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Quercus engleriana Von Seem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus gilliana Rehd. & Wils. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Magway Quercus glauca Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Meik-kekawpa, Sagat, Thit-e Quercus griffithii Hook. f. & Thoms. ex Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Nyan-baung, Nyanbo, Thitcha Quercus helferiana A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Thabeik, Yingu-akyi Quercus hilldebrandii A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus ilex L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus incana Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Htal-ting Quercus junghuhnii Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus kerrii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus kingii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Quercus lamellosa Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Thit-e Quercus lanata Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus lanceaefolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Sagat, Se-shing, Thit-e Quercus lanuginosa D, Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Quercus lineata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Thinya-gyi Quercus lodicosa E.F. Warb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus mespilifolia Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kinsa, Thite, Yingu-athe Quercus monimotricha Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus oidocarpa Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Quercus pachyphylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus ramsbottomii A. Camus Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus rex Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dowaing, Thit-e-leebye Quercus semicarpifolia Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Magway Quercus semiserrata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sagat-kun-kyan, Thit-e, Wet- thitcha Quercus serrata Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Burma oak, Met-lein, Nyan, Thit-e Quercus spicata Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Sagam, Sagang, Wa-myi, Ye- phetkyan Quercus thomsoni Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Quercus velutina Lindl. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Fagaceae - Fagaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 257 Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Zaw-gyi Quercus xanthoclada Drake Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dowaing Flacourtiaceae Aberia gardnerii Clos Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ceylon plum, Jung-pung, Naywe-po Casearia andamanica King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Casearia canziala Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Casearia esculenta Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Casearia glomerata Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Casearia graveolens Dalzell Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Hon-zaya Casearia kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Casearia lobbiana Turcz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Casearia vareca Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyetyo-po, Mak-kyen, Naywe, Puneala plum, Sumbrung Flacourtia helferi Gamble ex Ridley Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Naywe Flacourtia inermis Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lovi-lovi, Naywe Flacourtia mollis Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthay Common Name(s): Sumbrung Flacourtia ramontchi L'Her. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Madagascar plum, Naywe Flacourtia rotundifolia Clos Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago Flacourtia sapida Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Flacourtia sumatrana Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Gynocardia odorata R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Joung-pung, Kalaw Gynocardia prainii Desprez Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Homalium bhamoense Cubitt & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing Homalium burmanicum M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Homalium foetidum Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Homalium grandiflorum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Te-bo Homalium griffithianum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Gyo-gin, Taung-kapyaw Homalium longifolium Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Flacourtiaceae - Flacourtiaceae 258 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Pyauk-seik Homalium minutiflorum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Homalium propinquum C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Homalium schleichii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Homalium tomentosum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-kan-ang, Myauk-chaw, Thewala Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kalaw, Kalaw-pyu, Kalaw-wa Hydnocarpus dawnensis C.E. Parkinson & C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Hydnocarpus heterophyllus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Kalaw-so Hydnocarpus kurzii (King) Warburg Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Chaulmoogra, Kalaw, Kalaw- sO Hydnocarpus macrocarpa Bedd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalaw, Kalaw-ni Hydnocarpus verrucosus C.E. Parkinson & C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalaw-ni Scolopia burmanica N. Muk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Scolopia kermodei C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Scolopia lucida Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Scolopia rhinanthera Clos Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Scolopia roxburghii Clos Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Scolopia spinosa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Scolopia sumatrana Planch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Xylosma longifolium Clos Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Gentianaceae Canscora andrographioides Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yonlon-chantha Canscora decussata Roem. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Kyauk-pan Canscora diffusa R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyauk-pan Canscora helferiana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Canscora parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Canscora schultesii Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Cho-sa-lok Comastoma stellariifolium (Franch.) Holub Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cotylanthera caerulea Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Crawfurdia angustata C.B. Clarke Cited as: Crawfurdia trailiana Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Crawfurdia bulleyana Forrest Dicotyledons: Gentianaceae - Gentianaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 259 Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Crawfurdia dimidiata (Marq.) Harry Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Exacum bicolor Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Exacum hamiltonii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Exacum pteranthum Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Exacum stylosum Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Exacum sutaepense Hosseus ex Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Exacum teres Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Shan Exacum tetragonum Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pa-deing-ngo Gentiana bomareoides Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Gentiana bryophylla H. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana burmensis Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana campanulata Reyn. ex Griseb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Gentiana caryophyllea H. Smith Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana cephalantha Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana coelestis (Marq.) Harry Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana crassa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mon, Shan Gentiana crawfurdioides Marquand Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana cuneibarba Harry Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana damyonensis Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana decorata Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana exquisita H. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana fascicularis Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Gentiana filistyla Balf. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana gilvostriata Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana handeliana H. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana infelix C.B. Clarke Cited as: Gentiana microtophora Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana kurroo Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sayga-gyi, Se-pale Gentiana masonii T.N. Ho Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana melvillei S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana microphyta Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana muscicola Marq. Dicotyledons: Gentianaceae - Gentianaceae 260 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana napulifera Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana nubigena Edgew. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Gentiana nudicaulis Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Gentiana oreodoxa Harry Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana otophora Franch. ex Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana pedicellata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana phyllocalyx C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana quadrifaria Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Gentiana recurvata C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana rigescens Franch. ex Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana saltuum Marquand Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana serra Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Gentiana setulifolia Marquand Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana sichitoensis Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana sikkimensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana sinkuensis Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Gentiana sino-ornata Balf. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Gentiana streptopoda Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gentiana wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Halenia elliptica D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Swertia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Cited as: Swertia lacei Craib, Swertia pulchella Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Pwedaung-hinga, Shan-sega- gyl Swertia bimaculata (Sieb. & Zucc.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Swertia burmanica Harry Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Swertia cordata (Wall. ex G. Don) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Swertia exacoides Burkill Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Swertia kachinensis Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Swertia macrosperma C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Swertia paniculata Wall. Cited as: Swertia griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Swertia paupera Burkill Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Swertia striata Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Swertia stricta Collett & Hemsl. Dicotyledons: Gentianaceae - Gentianaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 261 Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tripterospermum fasciculatum (Wall.) Chater Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tripterospermum membranaceum (Marq.) Harry Sm. Cited as: Gentiana membranacea Marq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Tripterospermum volubile (D. Don) Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Geraniaceae Geranium nepalense Sweet Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Geranium pogonanthum Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geranium polyanthes Hook. f. & Edgew. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geranium refractum Edgew. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geranium wardii Yeo Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Geranium yunnanense Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bailey Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden geranium Pelargonium zonale L'Her. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gesneriaceae Achimenes grandiflora (Schiede) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Achimenes, Akim-mani Achimenes longiflora DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Achimenes, Than-bu-lam Aeschynanthus acuminatus Wall. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aeschynanthus andersonii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus bracteatus Wall. ex DC. Cited as: Aeschynanthus peelii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Aeschynanthus chiritoides C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus fulgens Wall. ex R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Aeschynanthus gracilis Parish ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Aeschynanthus griffithii R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Aeschynanthus hildebrandii Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus linearifolius C.E.C. Fisch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus longicaulis Wall. ex R. Br. Cited as: Aeschynanthus marmoratus T. Moore Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Aeschynanthus masoniae Kurz ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Aeschynanthus mimetes B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus parasiticus (Roxb.) Wall. Cited as: Aeschynanthus grandiflorus (G. Don) Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pedalet-swe Aeschynanthus stenosepalus Anthony Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Geraniaceae - Gesneriaceae 262 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus superbus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus tubulosus Anthony Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aeschynanthus wardii Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Beccarinda cordifolia (Anthony) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Beccarinda griffithii (C.B. Clarke) Kuntze Cited as: Slackia griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Boea wallichii R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Boeica porosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Briggsia kurzii (C.B. Clarke) W.E. Evans Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Briggsia longifolia Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Briggsia muscicola (Diels) Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Chirita adenocalyx Chatterjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Chirita anachoreta Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita calva C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita hamosa R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Chirita heterostigma B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita insignis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita lacei (W.W. Sm.) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita lachenensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Chirita longipedicellata B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita macrophylla Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Chirita oblongifolia (Roxb.) Sinclair Cited as: Chirita acuminata Wall. ex R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Chirita peduncularis B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita pumila D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita reptans B.L. Burtt & Panigrahi Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita speciosa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chirita urticifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corallodiscus lanuginosus (Wall. ex R. Br.) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Didissandra lanuginosa (Wall. ex R. Br.) C.B. Clarke, Didissandra taliensis Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Didymocarpus acuminatus R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Didymocarpus aromaticus Wall. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus aureoglandulosus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus barbinervius C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Didymocarpus bracteatus MacGregor & W.W. Dicotyledons: Gesneriaceae - Gesneriaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 263 Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus burkei W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus elatior Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus gageanus W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Didymocarpus graciliflorus MacGregor & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus mollis Wall. ex A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Shan Didymocarpus paucinervius C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Didymocarpus platycalyx C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Didymocarpus praeteritus B.L. Burtt & R. Davidson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Didymocarpus pteronema B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus purpureobracteatus W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Didymocarpus rufipes C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Episcia cupreata (Lindl.) Hanst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Episcia punctata (Lindl.) Hanst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Epithema carnosum Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Epithema dentatum (C.B. Clarke) Hilliard & B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Henckelia reptans (Jack) Spreng. Cited as: Didymocarpus reptans Jack Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Kaisupeea herbacea (C.B. Clarke) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Boea herbacea C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Leptoboea multiflora (C.B. Clarke) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loxostigma griffithii (Wight) C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kanghkoi Lysionotus confertus C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysionotus gracilis W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Lysionotus levipes (C.B. Clarke) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysionotus pubescens C.B. Clarke Cited as: Lysionotus wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Lysionotus serratus D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ornithoboea lacei Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ornithoboea parishii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Paraboea connata (Craib) C.Y. Wu ex H.W. Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paraboea glanduliflora Barnett Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paraboea glutinosa (Hand.-Mazz.) K.Y. Pan Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Gesneriaceae - Gesneriaceae 264 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Paraboea kerrii (Craib) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paraboea martinii (Lev. & Vaniot) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paraboea multiflora (R. Br.) Burtt Cited as: Boea multiflora R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mon Paraboea neurophylla (Collett & Hemsl.) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Paraboea prolixa (C.B. Clarke) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Boea prolixa C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Paraboea sinensis (Oliver) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Phylloboea sinensis Oliver Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Petrocosmea kerrii Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Petrocosmea kingii (C.B. Clarke) Chatterjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phylloboea glandulosa B.L. Burtt Cited as: Phylloboea amplexicaulis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchoglossum obliquum Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Rhynchotechum alternifolium C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Rhynchotechum brandisii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Wall. ex D. Dietr.) A. DC. Cited as: Rhynchotechum latifolium Hook. f. & Thomson ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Labu-sa-kaw, Wa-la-kaw Rhynchotechum vestitum Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Hpun-htawk-hpun Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): African violet Stauranthera grandiflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Streptocarpus burmanicus Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trisepalum acutum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Trisepalum amplexicaule (C.B. Clarke) B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trisepalum birmanicum (Craib) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Boea birmanica Craib, Dichiloboea birmanica (Craib) Stapf Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trisepalum obtusum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthay1 Trisepalum prazeri B.L. Burtt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gisekiaceae Gisekia pharnaceoides L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gangala, Hingala Goodeniaceae Scaevola koenigii Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pinle-tan Grossulariaceae Ribes glaciale Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Ribes laciniatum Hook. f. & Thomson Dicotyledons: Gisekiaceae - Grossulariaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 265 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ribes laurifolium Jancz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ribes rubrum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ribes takare D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Haloragaceae Haloragis philipinensis Merr. Cited as: Haloragis isomera R. Parker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Myriophyllum tetrandrum Roxb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Myriophyllum tuberculatum Roxb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hamamelidaceae Altingia excelsa Noronha Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Burmese storax, Nantayok Corylopsis manipurensis Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Distylium indicum Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Exbucklandia populnea (R. Br. ex Griff.) R.W. Br. Cited as: Bucklandia populnea R. Br. ex Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Liquidambar styraciflua L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sweet gum Rhodeleia forrestii Chun. ex Exell Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Hernandiaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Common Name(s): Pinle-thit-kauk, Pinle-ye- hmyok Gyrocarpus jacquinii Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ka-thit-nyaung, Pinle-thi-kauk Hernandia ovigera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Illigera coryzadenia Meissn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Illigera khasiana C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Illigera kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Illigera nervosa Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Illigera villosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hippocastanaceae Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Camb.) Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Horse chestnut, Taung-yemyaw Aesculus punduana Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Horse chestnut, Kataw-chying- hkrang, Pun-pan, Wesinni, Yemyaw Hippuridaceae Hippuris vulgaris L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hydnoraceae Hydnora angustifolia Roxb. Dicotyledons: Haloragaceae - Hydnoraceae 266 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hydrangeaceae Deutzia corymbosa R. Br. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Deutzia discolor Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Deutzia glomeruliflora Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Deutzia hookeriana Airy Shaw Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Deutzia macrantha Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Deutzia purpurascens Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Deutzia scabra Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Dichroa febrifuga Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Nam-lahtaw, Yinbya Hydrangea aspera D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Hydrangea hortensia DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chauk-la-pan, Garden hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): French blue hydrangea Hydrangea pottingeri Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Hydrangea robusta Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Hka-chyingtawng Hydrangea stylosa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Hydrangea subferruginea W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Hydrangea xanthoneura Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hydrangea yunnanensis Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Philadelphus coronarius L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Philadelphus delavayi (L.) Henry Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Schizophragma integrifolia Oliver Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hydrophyllaceae Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Hypericaceae Calophyllum amoenum Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tharapi Calophyllum inophyllum L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Alexandrian laurel, Hpang, Pon-nyet Calophyllum kunstleri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tharapi Calophyllum parkeri Fisch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tharapi Calophyllum polyanthum Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Rakhine Common Name(s): Tharapi Calophyllum soulattri Blume Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Hydrangeaceae - Hypericaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 267 Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-taga, Tharapi Calophyllum spectabile Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Calophyllum venustum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Common Name(s): Tharaphi Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cratoxylum carneum (Wall.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Saung-gale Cratoxylum formosum Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Cratoxylum ligustrinum Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bebya, Metayaw Cratoxylum neriifolium Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bebya, Mahkame Cratoxylum polyanthum Korth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Mei-thanyo Cratoxylum pruniflorum Kurz Cited as: Cratoxylum prunifolium Dyer Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bamachet, Ma-chyangai, Mye- mu-se, Sa-thange-ohnauk Cratoxylum uralum Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Garcinia anomala Planch. & Triana Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Garcinia choisyana Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthay1 Garcinia cornea L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Garcinia cowa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kagyi, Pala-kye, Taung-thale, Ye-kabyin Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Madaw Garcinia elliptica Choisy Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Tanat-taw Garcinia heterandra Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Parawa, Taw-mingut, Thanat- taw Garcinia lancaefolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Npri-nprai, Saukchin Garcinia mangostana L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mangosteen, Mingut Garcinia merguensis Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ketmya Garcinia microstigma Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-thale-ani Garcinia moulmeinensis Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Garcinia nigrolineata Planch. ex T. Anders. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Garcinia paniculata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Metlin, Sani Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Metlin-chin, Sani Garcinia rostrata Hassk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Garcinia speciosa Wall. Dicotyledons: Hypericaceae - Hypericaceae 268 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bawa Bwa, Palawa, Parawa Garcinia stipulata T. Anders. Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Garcinia succifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Sagaing Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daungyan, Dawyan-ban, Hmandaw, Madaw Hypericum bellum H.L. Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hypericum burmanicum §.N. Biswas Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hypericum cordifolium Choisy Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Hypericum elodeoides Choisy Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Hypericum henryi H. Lev. & Vainot Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mai-tagu, Tagu, Taung-ye- kyanya Hypericum japonicum Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Hypericum lacei N.K.B. Robson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hypericum monanthemum Hook. f. & Thomson ex Dyer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hypericum mysorense Heyne Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Hypericum nepaulense Choisy Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Hypericum pachyphyllum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Prangnampan Hypericum patulum Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taung-ye-chinya Hypericum sampsoni Hance Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Kayea assamica King & Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Kayea floribunda Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Kayea kunstleri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye Kayea sukoeana Bor Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Shan Mesua ferrea L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gangaw, Ironwood tree, Kawtanok, Mai-kam-kaw, Mai-ting Mesua nervosa Planch. & Triana Cited as: Kayea nervosa (Planch. & Triana) T. Anderson Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-gangaw, Thabye- gangaw Ochrocarpos nervosus Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ochrocarpos siamensis T. Anderson Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine Common Name(s): Tharapi Icacinaceae Apodytes andamanica Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Apodytes cambodiana Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Icacinaceae - Icacinaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 269 Gomphandra crassipes Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago Gomphandra lanceolata King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Gomphandra penangiana Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Gomphandra polymorpha Wight Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Gomphandra serrata King & Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Gomphandra tomentella Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Gonocaryum gracile Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Gonocaryum griffithianum (Miers) Kurz Cited as: Phlebocalymna griffithiana (Miers) Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz Cited as: Phlebocalymna lobbiana (Miers) Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Gonocaryum wallichii Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthay1 Todes brandisii Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Todes ovalis Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Mappia foetida Miers Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mappia tomentosa Miers Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin Natsiatopsis thunbergiaefolia Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Natsiatum herpeticum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Phytocrene bracteata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Phytocrene gigantea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Pittosporopsis kerrii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Sarcostigma wallichii Baill. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Stemonurus umbellata King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Illiciaceae Tllicium burmanicum Wils. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Illicium cambodianum Hance Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Illicium griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tauktu-ywe Illictum majus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Illicium manipurense Watt Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Tllicium merrillianum A.C. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tllicium wardii A.C, Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Illicium yunnanense Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Irvingiaceae Irvingia malayana Oliver Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Dicotyledons: Illiciaceae - Irvingiaceae 270 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Irvingia oliveri Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon Common Name(s): Taung-thayet Ixonanthaceae Ixonanthes chinensis Champ. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Juglandaceae Engelhardtia acerifolia Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Engelhardtia colebrookiana Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Engelhardtia serrata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Engelhardtia spicata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lahpa, Mantoy, Pan-swelwe, Petsut, Pyin-sit, Taminsok, Taung-taminsok, Thit-sawbwa, Thit-swele Engelhardtia wallichiana Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Juglans regia L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bu bunk-rawp, Hru, Taung- thit-hpyu, Thitkya, Walnut Lamiaceae Achyrospermum wallichianum Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Taninthayi Acrocephalus verbenifolius Watt ex Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Ajuga lobata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Ajuga macrosperma Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Ajuga ovata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anisochilus carnosus Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Feverleaf, Samon-byu Anisochilus pallidus Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Rakhine, Sagaing Anisomeles candicans Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Cat mint, Taw-hnan Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Anisomeles ovata R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Calamintha umbrosa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Ka-la-min-tha Colebrookea oppositifolia Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Chying-htawng-la Coleus aromaticus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kappra-walli-ya, Yawa-ni- ywet, Ziya-ywet Coleus blumei Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kadiba-ywethla, Painted leaves Coleus parviflorus Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Country potato, Kala-ahlu Colquhounia coccinea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Colquhounia elegans Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Craniotome versicolor Rchb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Cymaria dichotoma Benth. Dicotyledons: Ixonanthaceae - Lamiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 271 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Cymaria elongata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Dysophylla cruciata Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dysophylla helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dysophylla kachinensis H. Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Dysophylla quadrifolia Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Magway, Taninthayi Dysophylla verticillata (Roxb.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Le-hin-ga Elsholtzia beddomei C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Elsholtzia blanda Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yaung-bway, Yon-pa-bo Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Elsholtzia griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Elsholtzia incisa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Elsholtzia kachinensis Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Elsholtzia pilosa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Elsholtzia rugulosa Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Galeopsis tetrahit L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Geniosporum coloratum (D. Don) Briq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Geniosporum strobiliferum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Saing-nan-hpo Gomphostemma acaule Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine Gomphostemma crinitum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Gomphostemma javanicum (Blume) Benth. Cited as: Gomphostemma oblongum Wall. ex Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaingmin-pin Gomphostemma lacei Muk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Gomphostemma lucidum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Htama-gyauk Gomphostemma parvifloum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Khaing-nan-pho, Khaing-nan- pya-pin Gomphostemma strobilinum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Saing-nan-hpo Gomphostemma wallichii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Mandalay Hyptis brevipes Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi, Yangon Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Hyssopus officinalis L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Lavandula burmanni Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Dicotyledons: Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae 272 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-lavender Lavandula stoechas L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arabian lavender, French lavender Lavandula vera DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lavender Leonurus sibiricus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Leucas aspera Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-hnan, Taw-pin-sein Leucas cephalotes Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kayah, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pin-gu-hteik-peik Leucas ciliata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Leucas collettii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) Sm. Cited as: Leucas flaccida R. Br., Leucas mollissima Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-hnan-gale Leucas helferi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Leucas hyssopifolia Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-hnan Leucas ovata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Leucas pilosa Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Leucas teres Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay ' Leucas zeylanica R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-hnan Leucosceptrum canum Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Melissa parviflora Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Mentha aquatica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Budi-nan, Marsh mint, Pusi- nan, Water mint Mentha arvensis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Budi-nan, Field mint, Pusi-nan Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Budi-nan, Horse mint, Pusi- nan, Wild mint Mentha piperita L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bala-shin, Peppermint Mentha spicata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Budi-nan, Garden mint, Pusi- nan, Spearmint Microtoena insuavis (Hance) Prain ex Dunn Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Moschosma polystachyum Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Nepeta erecta Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Nepeta lamiopis Benth. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 273 Distribution: Wide Nothochaeta hamosa Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Ocimum americanum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hoary basil, Pin-sein Ocimum basilicum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common basil, Pin-sein, Sweet basil, Zi-yar-aphyu Ocimum exsul Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shrubby basil Ocimum gratissimum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shrubby basil Ocimum sanctum L, Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Holy basil, Kala-pi-sein, Pin- sein-net, Sacred basil Origanum marjorana L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sweet marjoram, Yon-bwe Origanum vulgare L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Common marjoram, Taw-yon, Wild marjoram, Yon-bwe Orthosiphon incurvus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Orthosiphon parishii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Orthosiphon rubicundus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tha-gya-ma-geik Orthosiphon spiralis (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Si-cho Perilla frutescens (L.) Brit. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Shan-hnan Phlomis burmanica Muker. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Phlomis tibetica Marquand & Airy Shaw Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Platostoma calcaratum (Hemsl.) A.J. Paton Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Platostoma coloratum (D. Don) A.J. Paton Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Platostoma palustre (Blume) A.J. Paton Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectranthus brandisii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectranthus coetsa Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Plectranthus crenulatus Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectranthus fulvescens Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectranthus gerardianus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Plectranthus helferi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Plectranthus hispidus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Plectranthus incanus Link Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectranthus macranthus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Plectranthus meeboldii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Plectranthus parishii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae 274 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Plectranthus striatus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Plectranthus ternifolius D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Plectranthus tuberosus Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Maung-ma-khaw-u Pogostemon auricularius (L.) Hassk. Cited as: Dysophylla auricularia (L.) Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Pogostemon elsholtzioides Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Rakhine Pogostemon fraternus Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mon, Rakhine Pogostemon glaber Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Pogostemon griffithii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pogostemon heyneanus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Patchouli, Thanat-pyit-si Pogostemon hispidus Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Pogostemon macgregorii W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pogostemon officinalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Pogostemon paniculatus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Pogostemon parviflorus Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Pogostemon peguanus (Prain) Press Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pogostemon plectranthoides Desf. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Pogostemon pumilus (Graham) Press Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pogostemon purpurascens Dalzell Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Pogostemon sessile Relb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pogostemon wattii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Prunella vulgaris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Salvia campanulata Walz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Salvia coccinea A. Juss. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalya-ni, Pin-sein-ban, Red salvia Salvia codonantha Stibal Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salvia farinacea Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue sage Salvia leucantha Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): White sage Salvia officinalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sage Salvia plebeia R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salvia schizocalyx Stibal Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salvia splendens Ker Gawl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalya-ni, Scarlet sage Dicotyledons: Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 275 Scutellaria barbata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Scutellaria discolor Coleb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Scutellaria glandulosa Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Scutellaria incurva Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Scutellaria repens Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Scutellaria semicircularis S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Scutellaria violacea Heyne Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Stachys cordifolia Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stachys tuberifera Nand. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Chinese artichoke, Pe-po-di Teucrium annandalei Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Teucrium burmanicum Mukerejee Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Teucrium shanicum Muk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Teucrium stoloniferum Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Thymus serpyllum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden thyme, Samon-phyu- yaing Thymus vulgaris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common thyme, Samon-phyu Lardizabalaceae Decaisnea insignis Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Holboellia latifolia Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Parvatia brunoniana Decne. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago Stauntonia racemosa Chatterjee Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lauraceae Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Na-lin-gyaw, Se-pyat-that, Shwe-gyaw, Taung-bamaw, Thitkya-saung Actinodaphne concolor Nees Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Actinodaphne leiophylla (Kurz) Hook. f. Cited as: Litsea leiophylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Actinodaphne obovata (Nees) Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. f. & Thoms. ex Meissner Cited as: Litsea macrophylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Medaung Actinodaphne sikkimensis Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: chin, Kachin, Sagaing Alseodaphne andersonii (King ex Hook. f.) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alseodaphne birmanica Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alseodaphne dumicola W.W. Sm. Dicotyledons: Lardizabalaceae - Lauraceae 276 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Alseodaphne griffithii Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alseodaphne keenanii Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Maru, Ondon-gyi Alseodaphne khasyana (Meissner) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Alseodaphne petiolaris (Meissner) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thitsi-bo Alseodaphne rubriflora Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Beilschmiedia argentata Kosterm. Cited as: Beilschmiedia argentea Kosterm., Daphnidium argenteum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Beilschmiedia assamica Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Beilschmiedia elegantissima Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Beilschmiedia globularia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Beilschmiedia macrophylla Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Beilschmiedia robertsoni Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Minyi, Myauk-okshit, Shawdu, Thitsat Beilschmiedia sphaerocarpa Winkler Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thwe-gyo Cassytha filiformis L. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shwe-nwe Cinnamomum aubletii Lukmanoff Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Cinnamomum bamoense Lukmanoff Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum birmanicum Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Japan camphor tree, Payok, Payuk Cinnamomum cecidodaphne Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nepal camphor, Sassafras Cinnamomum cupulatum Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum ellipticifolium Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum glanduliferum (Wall.) Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyun-gado, Taw-seik-nan-gyi Cinnamomum glauciphyllum Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum helferii Lukmanoff Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cinnamomum hkinlumense Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum impressinervium Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Karaway, Karawe, Maza Cinnamomum inunctum Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Kara-way, Karawe, Nak-zik Cinnamomum kingdon-wardii Kosterm. Dicotyledons: Lauraceae - Lauraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 277 Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cinnamomum lucens Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cinnamomum macrocarpum Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kara-way, Karawe Cinnamomum multiflorum Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Karawe Cinnamomum nalangway Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nalingway Cinnamomum nitidum Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Na-lin-gyaw, Nasha-gyi Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb.) Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Hman-thein, Lulin-gyaw, Maza, Nakzik, Na-lin-gyaw, Tauku-ywe, Thit- kyabo Cinnamomum pachyphyllum Kosterm. Cited as: Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hman-thin, Maza-la Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Karawe, Martaban camphor, Sinkos1, Thit-lai-nyin Cinnamomum pauciflorum Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Cinnamomum rougierii Lukmanoff Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Cassia cinnamon, Indian cassia lignea, Maza, Shing-nam, Thikya-bo Cinnamomum tavoyanum Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmanthin-po, Tauktu-ywe Cinnamomum verum Presl Cited as: Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamon, Hman-thin, Thi-ho-thit-kya-bo, Thit-kya-bo Cryptocarya amygdalina Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Cryptocarya ferrea Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Cryptocarya griffithiana Wight Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kalak-thiang Cryptocarya kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Cryptocarya pustulata Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cryptocarya rubiginosa Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dehaasia candolleana (Meissner) Kosterm. Cited as: Dehaasia cuneata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyese-satna Dehaasia kurzii King ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyese-kyi-chi Dodecadenia grandiflora Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Endiandra firma Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Lindera aromatica Brandis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin Common Name(s): Karaway Dicotyledons: Lauraceae - Lauraceae 278 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Lindera assamica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Karaway Lindera bifaria (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Lindera caudata (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Chyahkraw, Jahkraw, U-lang- ang Lindera cercidifolia Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Lindera dictyophylla C.K. Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Lindera hemsleyana (Diels) Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Lindera laureola Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Lindera meissneri King ex Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindera melastomacea (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Shan Lindera nacusua (D. Don) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Lindera neesiana (Nees) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Lindera praetermissa Grierson & D.G. Long Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindera pulcherrima (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Shwe-nwe-pan Lindera sericea (Siebold & Zucc.) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Lindera sikkimensis Meissner Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Lindera supracostata Lecomte Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindera thomsonii Allen Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lindera vernayana Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Lindera wardii Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea albicans (Kurz) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthay1 Litsea brachypoda Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea calophylla (Kurz) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Litsea citrata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing Litsea costalis (Nees) Kosterm. Cited as: Alseodaphne costalis Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Litsea cuttingiana Allen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea elongata (Nees) Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagu-ni Litsea euosma W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea forrestii Diels Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Litsea garrettii Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Shan, Yangon Dicotyledons: Lauraceae - Lauraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 279 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-mi-myen, Mai-ong-tong, Ondon, Tagu-shaw Litsea grandis (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bamaw, Tagu-ni Litsea helferi Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Litsea khasyana Meissner Cited as: Litsea meissneri Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ondon Litsea kurzii King ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing Litsea laeta (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing Litsea lancifolia (Roxb. ex Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chying-ling, Na-lin-gyaw, Timling Litsea laurifolia (Jacq.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ondon Litsea leiantha (Kurz) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Litsea longifolia (Nees) Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Litsea longipes (Meissner) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Litsea mollifolia Chun. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Keyse, Masa-magu, Ondon- laukya, Tagu-ni, Taung-kaukno Litsea moupinensis Lecomte Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Litsea myristicaefolia (Wall.) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Taninthayi Litsea nitida (Roxb.) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Nasha Litsea noronhae Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Litsea nuculanea (Kurz) Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Litsea oblonga Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Litsea panamanja (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagu-shaw Litsea polyantha Juss. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Ondon Litsea pungens Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Litsea rangoonensis (Meissn.) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Litsea robusta Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing Litsea rubescens Lecomte Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Litsea salicifolia (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ching-ling, Ondon, Shing-lawi, Tagu-thein Litsea santapaui Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Litsea semecarpifolia (Nees) Hook. f. Dicotyledons: Lauraceae - Lauraceae 280 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Tagu Litsea tomentosa (Roxb.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Litsea umbellata (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Litsea amara Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thingan-pwe Litsea wallichii Hook. f. Cited as: Lindera nervosa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Litsea wightiana (Nees) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Litsea wilsonii Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Machilus bombycina King ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Sagaing Machilus fruticosa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Chai, Ondon, Ondon-ma Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Machilus gammieana King ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Machilus kingii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Sagaing, Shan Machilus kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Machilus odoratissima Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Maihkaw, Seik-nan-gyi, Seneng Machilus robusta W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Machilus shweliensis W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Machilus villosa (Roxb.) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mana, Tha-but-thein Machilus yunnanensis Lecomte Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Neocinnamomum caudatum (Nees) Merr. Cited as: Cinnamomum caudatum Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Panen Neolitsea cassia (L.) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neolitsea lanuginosa (Nees) Gamble Cited as: Litsea lanuginosa Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Na-lin-kyaw Neolitsea umbrosa (Nees) Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Ondon-bo Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees) Merr. Cited as: Litsea foliosa (Nees) Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ondon-hle-ga Nothaphoebe condensa Ridley Cited as: Alseodaphne merguensis C.E. Parkinson Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kye-se-payon Parasassafras confertiflora (Meissner) D.G. Long Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Persea americana Mill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Avocado, Htaw-bat-thi, Htaw- bat-thi-pin Persea declinata (Blume) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phoebe angustifolia Meissner Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Lauraceae - Lauraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 281 Phoebe attenuata (Nees) Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hwaol, Thit-ya-hmwe, Thitya- wa Phoebe birmanica Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Phoebe lanceolata (Nees) Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyese-ywetsa, Saneng, Seik- nan Phoebe pallida (Nees) Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Phoebe paniculata (Nees) Nees Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-ka-nyin, Thabye-kyet- chi Phoebe tavoyana (Meissner) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyese Lecythidaceae Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn. Cited as: Barringtonia kermodei Fischer, Barringtonia spicata Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyi, Kyi-ni, Ye-kyi Barringtonia angusta Kurz Cited as: Barringtonia pterocarpa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyi, Kyi-gyi, Kyi-tha, Taw-kyi Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyi-gyi Barringtonia conoidea Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Barringtonia cymosa Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyi-pin, Taung-kyi Barringtonia macrocarpa Hassk. Cited as: Barringtonia helferi C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Barringtonia macrostachya (Jack) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyi-they Barringtonia pendula (Griff.) Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine Common Name(s): Kyi-byu, Taung-kyi Barringtonia reticulata Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-kyi Careya arborea Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bambwe, Hou-no, Mai-pinngo, Sangawn-gmawt, Thelawaw Careya herbacea Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Amyauk-san-bin, Cannonball tree Gustavia augusta L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Banbwe-pyu Gustavia superba Berg Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Leeaceae Leea acuminata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leea aequata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Jing jawngla, Kya-petthein, Naga-mauk Leea alata Edgew. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Dicotyledons: Lecythidaceae - Leeaceae 282 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Leea aspera Edgew. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leea coccinea Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leea compactiflora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Leea crispa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kaphet-thein, Kya-petthein, Mak-tasu-awn, Mak-tasu-long, Nabet-gale, Naga-mauk-ni Leea edgeworthii Santapau Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Nagamauk Leea herbacea Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thagya-nwethan Leea hirta Banks Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin Common Name(s): Nagamauk-hpyu Leea indica Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kalet, Naga-mauk, Taung- baung Leea laeta Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leea macrophylla Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kya-hpetgyi, Mai-sung-hkong- long, Mak-tasu-long Leea parallela Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Yangon Leea pumila Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Leea robusta Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Tama-ye Leea rubra Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nagamauk-ni Leea tuberculosemen C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lentibulariaceae Utricularia albiflora Gniff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia aurea Lour. Cited as: Utricularia flexuosa Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Bladderwort, Bubaung-pin Utricularia australis R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan ‘Utricularia bifida L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia brevilabris Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia caerulea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia corynephora P. Taylor Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia forrestii P. Taylor Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia gibba L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Utricularia graminifolia Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia lilacina Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia minutissima Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia orbiculata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Lentibulariaceae - Lentibulariaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 283 Utricularia punctata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Utricularia racemosa Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Utricularia rogersiana Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia scandens Ben). Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia stellaris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia striata J.E. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Utricularia striatula J.E. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia subrecta Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Utricularia uliginosa Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linaceae Anisadenia pubescens Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Anisadenia saxatilis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Linum usitatissimum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bi-thwar, Flax, Hnan-kyat, Linseed, Paiksan Reinwardtia tetragyna Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Paiksan, Yellow flax Reinwardtia trigyna Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loganiaceae Fagraea auriculata Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthay1 Fagraea birmanica Gandoger Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fagraea carnosa Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fagraea fragrans Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ahnyin, Anan Fagraea morindaefolia Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fagraea obvata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mai-hpa-mu-hpi, Thagya-letwa Fagraea racemosa Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thit-palu Gaertnera lasianthoides Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Gardneria ovata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Gelsemium elegans Benth. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Lashiru, Palaungse Mitrasacme alsinoides R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Mitrasacme polymorpha R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Mitreola paniculata Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strychnos acuminata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Linaceae - Loganiaceae 284 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Kabaung-nwe Strychnos axillaris Colebr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strychnos hypogyna C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kabaung-nwe Strychnos laurina Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kabaung-nwe Strychnos nux-blanda A.W. Hill Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Burmese strychnine tree, Hkawlum, Kabaung, Mai-mak-tung, Mai- mating, Thesaw-wa, Woibaw Strychnos nux-vomica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kabaung Strychnos potatorum L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kabaung-ye-kyi, Mango- tawkpa-tit Strychnos rufa C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Strychnos thorelii Pierre Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Strychnos wallichiana Steud. ex A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Ett. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyibaung Dendrophthoe lanosa (Kort.) Danser Cited as: Loranthus casuarinae Ridl. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thayet-kyi-baung Helixanthera cylindrica (Jack) Danser Cited as: Loranthus heteranthus DC. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Hyphear delavayi (Tiegh.) Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin Hyphear odoratum (Wall.) Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Loranthus albidus Blume Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyi-baung Loranthus ampullaceus (Roxb.) G. Don Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loranthus balfourianus Diels Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin Loranthus brandisianus Kurz Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Loranthus capitellatus Wight & Arn. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Yangon Loranthus coccineus Jack Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyee-baung Loranthus cochinchinensis Lour. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Yangon Common Name(s): Mondaing-kyi-baung, Thitya- kyi-baung Loranthus collettii King Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyibaung, Pun-crowng-pun Loranthus cordifolius Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyibaung Loranthus corynitis Spreng. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loranthus crassus Hook. f. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Yangon Loranthus cultarum Craib Habit: Parasitic shrub Dicotyledons: Loranthaceae - Loranthaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 285 Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loranthus delavayi Tiegh. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Loranthus elegans Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Magway Loranthus formosus Blume Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Loranthus globosus Roxb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Yangon Loranthus graciliflorus Wall. ex DC. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Win-u-kyi-baung Loranthus grandiflorus King Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Loranthus hypoglaucus Kurz Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mon Loranthus involucratus Roxb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin Loranthus ligustrinus Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Loranthus meeboldii Gamble Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Loranthus monoicum Roxb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Loranthus odoratus Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Kyi-baung Loranthus orientale Willd. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Loranthus ovalifolium Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Loranthus parishii Hook. f. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Loranthus pentapetalus Roxb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyi-baung, Shingta Loranthus pulverulentus Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyibaung Loranthus rhopalocarpus Kurz Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Loranthus robertsonii Gamble Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Shan Loranthus scurrula (L.) L. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Thit-pha-yaung-kyi-baung, Winu-kyibaung Loranthus umbellifer Sch. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyibaung, Shingta Phyllodesmis delavayi (Tiegh.) Tiegh. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Taxillus delavayi (Tiegh.) Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Taxillus vestitus (Wall.) Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Blistering ammannia, Kanyut Ammannia octandra L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ammannia pygmaea Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ammannia rotundifolia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Ammannia subrotunda Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Lythraceae - Lythraceae 286 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Mandalay Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb. ex DC.) Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hkalam, Kamaung-yegyi, Kaung-laung, Lin-zin, Mai-kayong, Mai-sa-lao- long, Mau-lettan, Myaukngo, Shala, Tadet-ko, Tadetti, Thit-kazaw Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Leza-byu Lagerstroemia costa-draconis Furtado & Montien Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack Cited as: Lagerstroemia turbinata Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kamaung-phyu, Pyinma-phyu Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Katpali-pyinma Lagerstroemia indica L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indian lilac, Pan-ei Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Eikmwe, Kon-pyima, Mai-sa- hpong, Pyinma-ywet-gyi Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyetsa-dan, Kyet-tawsa, Mai- mawt-sao, Sam, Samhka-lam, Zaungbale-bo, Zinbye-bo Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pride of India, Pyin-ma, Queen flower Lagerstroemia siamica Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gawkng-uchyamang, Hani, Mai-sa-hpong, Pyinma, Pyinma-yetthey, Thwemu Lagerstroemia tomentosa Pres] Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kamaing-thwe, Kyon-pha, Leza, Leza-ni, Mahon, Thabeik Lagerstroemia venusta Wall. ex C.B. Clarke Cited as: Lagerstroemia collettii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mahon, Maik-sow, Zaung-bale- ywet-gyl Lagerstroemia villosa Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Zaungbale, Zinbye Lawsonia alba Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dan, Dan-gyi Lawsonia inermis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dan, Henna Pemphis acidula Forst. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala cordata Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala densiflora (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala hexandra Wall. ex Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala illecebroides Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala indica (Willd.) Koehne Cited as: Ammannia indica Willd., Ammannia peploides Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Rotala mexicana Cham. & Schlecht. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Lythraceae - Lythraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 287 Rotala rosea (Poir.) C.D.K. Cook Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala simpliciuscula (Kurz) Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala stipulata Blatter & Hallb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala subrotunda (Wall. ex Kurz) Koehne Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rotala wallichii (Hook. f.) Koehne Cited as: Hydrolythrum wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Sonneratia griffithii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Laba, Tabyu lame Woodfordia floribunda Salisb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Panle, Pan-swe, Patta-gyi, Yet- kyi Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Pan-le, Panswe, Pattagyi, Yetkyi Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tulip tree Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson Cited as: Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Dandy, Magnolia mollicomata W.W. Sm., Michelia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Magnolia grandiflora L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ta-daing-hmwe, Tree lotus Magnolia griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baill. Cited as: Talauma candollei Blume, Talauma hodgsoni Hook. f. & Thomson, Talauma mutabilis Blume, Talauma rabaniana Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lai-makhan-phang, Leigeru, Ondon-hlega Magnolia nitida W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb. Cited as: Magnolia sphenocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Magnolia rostrata W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Manglietia caveana Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Manglietia hookeri Cubitt & W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Magru-lakung, Sagasein-gyi Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kaung, Saga-po, Taung-saga. Tondon Manglietia utilis Dandy Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Saga-po, Saga-yebaw Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. Cited as: Talauma phellocarpa King, Talauma spongocarpa King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Dauthu-kimdu-phang, Saga- byu, Saga-phyu, Thit-linne Michelia champaca L. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Magnoliaceae - Magnoliaceae 288 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Champaka, Laran, Mawk-sam- lung, Saga, Sagawa Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Cited as: Michelia manipurensis Watt ex Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Saga-phyu Michelia excelsa Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Michelia lacei W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Saga-byu, Ye-sagawa Michelia lanuginosa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Michelia oblonga Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Michelia uniflora Dandy Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Michelia velutina DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys concava A. Juss. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Aspidopterys floribunda Hutch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Aspidopterys helferiana Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Aspidopterys hirsuta A. Juss. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Aspidopterys nutans Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aspidopterys obcordata Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Aspidopterys roxburghiana A. Juss. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Lashiru Aspidopterys tomentosa A. Juss. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Galphimia glauca Cav. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rain of gold Galphimia gracilis Bartl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Japan-padauk Hiptage acuminata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Hiptage arborea Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taung-suka-pan Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bein-nwe, Nwe-nathan-gwin Hiptage candicans Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Bein-thein, Taung-thawka, Zani, Zimani, Zi1-palan Hiptage madablota Gaertn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Hiptage malaiensis Niedenzu Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Hiptage obtusifolia DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Taung-saga Hiptage sericea Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Malpighia coccigera L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium A. Juss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Malpighiaceae - Malpighiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 289 Stigmaphyllon reticulatum A. Juss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Thryallis glauca Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-padauk Tristellateia australasiae A. Rich. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Galphimia vine, Mya-kwanyo Malvaceae Abelmoschus crinitus Wall. Cited as: Hibiscus cancellatus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-wah Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Cited as: Hibiscus esculentus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lady's finger, Okra, Yonbade Abelmoschus ficulneus (L.) Wight & Arn. ex Wight Cited as: Hibiscus ficulneus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-yonbade Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. Cited as: Hibiscus manihot L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kon-kado, Okra Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Cited as: Hibiscus abelmoschus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Balu-wah, Kon-kado, Taw-wah Abutilon amoenum K. Schum. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Abutilon bidentatum Hochst. ex A. Rich. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bauk-nwe Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bauk-gale, Bauk-khway, Bauk- khway-gale, Country mallow, Thamu-chyok Abutilon persicum (Burm. f.) Merr. Cited as: Abutilon polyandrum G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Althaea rosea (L.) Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hollyhock, Pan-chinbaung Decaschistia crassiuscula Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Decaschistia ficifolia Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Decaschistia parviflora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fioria vitifolia (L.) Mattei Cited as: Hibiscus vitifolius L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Thin-paung Gossypium arboreum L. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cotton tree, Indian cotton, Thagya-wah, Wah-gyi Gossypium barbadense L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kidney cotton, Nu-wah, Sea Island cotton Gossypium herbaceum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Levant cotton, Wah Gossypium hirsutum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): American upland cotton, Wah Hibiscus cannabinus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bombay hemp, Chin-baung- gyi, Chin-baung-kha, Kenaf Hibiscus decaspermus Koerd. & Valet. Cited as: Hibiscus flavotrichus Fisch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dicotyledons: Malvaceae - Malvaceae 290 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hibiscus floccosus Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Hibiscus fragrans Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Hibiscus grewiaefolius Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bawthi-ni, Thitsho Hibiscus heterophyllus Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hibiscus hispidissimus Gniff. Cited as: Hibiscus furcatus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-chin-baung Hibiscus hostilis Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hibiscus lunarifolius Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinbaung-yaing Hibiscus micranthus L. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Hibiscus mutabilis L. Cited as: Hibiscus venustus Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyet-shaw, Rose of Sharon, Taw-wah, Thon-ban-hla Hibiscus ovalifolius (Forssk.) Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hibiscus panduriformis Burm. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-yon-padi Hibiscus parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yodaya-shaw Hibiscus procerus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Hibiscus radiatus Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese hibiscus, Khaung-yan, Khaung-yan-ywet-hla, Mawk-manu, Mawkmnae, Pan-swe-le, Shoe flower Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bilat-chinbaung, Chinbaung-ni, Chin-bong, Chinebaune, Hasip, Phat-swon-pan, Rozelle, Sum-bawng Hibiscus scandens Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Hibiscus surattensis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-chin-baung, Wetma-chin- baung Hibiscus syriacus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rose of Sharon, Thon-ban-hla Hibiscus trionum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hibiscus watsonii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Kydia calycina Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Baluma-shaw, Dwabok, Magan, Magan-kaja, Magap, Miekyat, Phet- wun-ni, Tabo, Tayaw-ni Kydia glabrescens Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Magan, Pet-shat Kydia zizyphifolia Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Malachra capitata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Sinma-hmwe-sok Malva sylvestris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Dicotyledons: Malvaceae - Malvaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 291 Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-pilaw Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Cited as: Malvaviscus grandiflorus H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ok-htok-pan, Turk's cap Malvaviscus penduliflorus Moc. & Sesse ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Turk's cap Pavonia odorata Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Bala Pavonia procumbens (Wight & Arn.) Walp. Cited as: Pavonia glechomifolia A. Rich. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Pavonia rigida (Wall. ex Mast.) Hochr. Cited as: Urena rigida Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Wetchi-pane Sida acuta Burm. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sida carpinifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Yangon Common Name(s): Bala-phan, Jivika, Katsi-ne Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Waalk. Cited as: Sida veronicaefolia Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Katasi-ne-gale Sida cordifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Country mallow, Katsi-ne Sida mysorensis Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sida rhombifolia L., s.1. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Katsi-ne, Queensland hemp Sida spinosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Katsi-ne, Nagbala, Thabyetsi- bin Sida subcordata Span. Cited as: Sida corylifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Katsi-ne Talipariti macrophyllum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Fryxell Cited as: Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxb., Hibiscus vulpinus Reinw. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dawng-hku, Petwun-gyi, Shaw-wah, Taung-petwun, Yetwun, Ywit-win Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell Cited as: Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lenya-shaw, Thinban, Ye- ngan-shaw Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & A. Gibson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Palowa, Taw-wah, Thaman- shaw, Thinbaung-shaw, Wet-thinbaung Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pinle-swedaw, Portia tree, Sabu-bani Urena lobata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kat-sine, Popee, Wetchi-pane Urena repanda Roxb. ex J.E. Sm. Cited as: Urena speciosa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Wetchi-pane Urena sinuata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Wetchi-pane Melastomataceae Allomorphia hispida Kurz Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Melastomataceae - Melastomataceae 292 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Mon Allomorphia umbellulata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Anerincleistus esquirolii (Lev.) J.F. Maxwell Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anerincleistus griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Anerincleistus helferi Hook. f. ex Triana Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Anplectrum barbatum Triana Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dissochaeta glauca Blume Cited as: Anplectrum glaucum Triana Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Medinilla erythrophylla (Wall.) Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Medinilla griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Medinilla merguiensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Epiphyte Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Medinilla rubicunda (Jack) Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Melastoma clarkeanum Cogn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Melastoma decemfidum Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-gale Melastoma houtteanum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Melastoma imbricatum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Melastoma malabathricum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-gale, Linda-pabyin, Myetpye, Nyaung-ye-o-pan, Sahkao, Shame, Wachyang Wagangga Melastoma normale D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Melastoma sanguineum Sims Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Memecylon amherstianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Memecylon caeruleum Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-on Memecylon celastrinum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye, Thabye-on Memecylon edule Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Byin-gale, Lee-ko-kee, Me- byaung, Mi-nauk Memecylon elegans Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyeiksat Memecylon grande Retz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-phyu Memecylon griffithianum Naud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Memecylon helferi Cogn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Memecylon heteropleurum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Memecylon intermedium Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Memecylon laevigatum Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Memecylon oleaefolium Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Taungzon-in-pet Memecylon pauciflorum Blume Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Melastomataceae - Melastomataceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Taninthayi Memecylon plebejum Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Leiko, Tazin Memecylon umbellatum Burm. f. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Byin-gale, Ironwood tree, Lee- kokee, Thabye-on Ochthocharis javanica Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Oritrephes septentrionalis W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Osbeckia aspericaulis Hook. f. ex Triana Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Osbeckia chinensis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Osbeckia crinita Benth. ex Naud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Linda-pabyin, Pantaga, Wachyang, Wagangga Osbeckia hildebrandii Stapf Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nat-ye-ta-goung Osbeckia racemosa Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Linda-pabyin Osbeckia rostrata D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Hmwe-zak, Padein-ngo Osbeckia stellata Buch.-Ham. ex Ker Gawl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Osbeckia truncata D. Don ex Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Yangon Osbeckia zeylanica L. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady Otanthera bracteata Korth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Otanthera moluccana Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Oxyspora paniculata (D. Don) DC. Cited as: Oxyspora vagans Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Oxyspora rupicola Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Oxyspora serrata Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Pachycentria tuberculosa Korth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Plagiopetalum esquirolii (Lev.) Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Pseudodissochaeta assamica (C.B. Clarke) Nayar Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Pseudodissochaeta septentrionalis (W.W. Sm.) Nayar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Pternandra caerulescens Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Pternandra capitellata Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Sarcopyramis humilis A.P. Nayar Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Sarcopyramis nepalensis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila brandisiana Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila collina R. Parker Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Sonerila erecta Jack Dicotyledons: Melastomataceae - Melastomataceae 293 294 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Sonerila helferi C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila khasiana C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Sonerila linearis Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Sonerila maculata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Sonerila margaritacea Lindl. Habit: Herb, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila neglecta Nayar Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila nudiscapa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Sonerila picta Korth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sonerila secunda R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Linlay-taung-pwin Sonerila stricta Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Sonerila tenera Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Sonerila violaefolia Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Sporoxeia sciadophilla W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Meliaceae Aglaia andamanica Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagat-thitto Aglaia argentea Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagat-thitto Aglaia crassinervia Kurz ex Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aglaia edulis A. Gray Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aglaia elliptica Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aglaia griffithii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aglaia lanuginosa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Aglaia odorata Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thanatka-wa, Thanatkha-pan Aglaia odoratissima Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Me-ke, Thanatka-wa Aglaia oligophylla Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Aglaia paniculata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Aglaia pedicellaris DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aglaia simplicifolia (Bedd.) Harms Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amoora chittagonga Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagat-thitto, Tazit-ni, Thit- pasaing Amoora cucullata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine Common Name(s): Myauk-le-seik, Thit-ni Amoora decandra Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Amoora dysoxyloides Kurz Dicotyledons: Meliaceae - Meliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 295 Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amoora lactescens Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Amoora moulmeiniana DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Amoora rohituka Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Chaya-kaya, Ta-gat-net, Than- that-gyi, Thit-ni Amoora wallichii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Auchinsa-ni, Khalzung Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Margosa tree, Neem, Tama, Tamaga Cedrela febrifuga Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mai-yum, Petsut-ye-tama, Shin-shit, Ye-tama Cedrela microcarpa C. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-tama Cedrela serrata Royle Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Hill toon, Taung-tama, Thitma- e Chisocheton divergens Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thagat Chisocheton dysoxylifolius Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Chisocheton grandiflorus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-yum-hom, Thit-kadon Chisocheton paniculatus Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Auchinsa, Khalaung-byu, Tagat-pyu Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Chittagong wood, Golden mahogany, Kin-thabut-gyi, Taw-yinma, Yinma Chukrasia velutina Roem. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Yang-ma, Yinma Cipadessa baccifera (Roth.) Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Dysoxylum alliaceum (Blume) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Dysoxylum binectariferum Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Aukchinsa-ni, Hkung-rang- shat, Kakaung-ni Dysoxylum cochinchinensis Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Zinnyin Dysoxylum excelsum Blume Cited as: Dysoxylum turbinatum King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dysoxylum grande Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tagat-ni Dysoxylum oliveri Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Dysoxylum procerum Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tagat-pwe-baung Heynea trijuga Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Tagat-ta-gyi Lansium decandrum King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lansium domesticum Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Duku, Langsat Dicotyledons: Meliaceae - Meliaceae 296 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Melia azedarach L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bead tree, Hlim hlerm, Pan- tama, Persian lilac, Thinbaw-pan-tama Melia birmanica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-tama, Taw-tamaga Melia composita Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-tama Melia dubia Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-tama Melia excelsa Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tama-gale Munronia wallichii Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. f.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Santal, Thitto Soymida febrifuga A. Juss. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Dant-tagu-ni Swietenia macrophylla King Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mahogany Swietenia mahagoni L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): True mahogany Toona ciliata M. Roemer Cited as: Cedrela toona Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Indian mahogany, Kashit-ka, Latsai, Mai-yum, Moulmein cedar, Red cedar, Taung-tama, Thit-kado, Toon Turraea pumila Benn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Walsura candollei King Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Walsura hypoleuca Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Walsura multijuga King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Walsura pinnata Hassk. Cited as: Walsura glauca Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Walsura robusta Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Gyobo Walsura trichostemon Miq. Cited as: Walsura villosa (Wall. ex Voigt, nom. nud.) Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyobo, Gyo-khamet Xylocarpus carnulosa Zoll. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Xylocarpus gangeticus (Prain) C.E. Park. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pinle-on Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) Roem. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyana, Kyat-nan, Pinle-ohn, Pinle-on Meliosmaceae Meliosma arnottiana Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meliosma beaniana Rehd. & Wils. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Meliosma collettiana King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Meliosma lanceolata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Meliosmaceae - Meliosmaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 297 Meliosma laui Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meliosma mannii Lace Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Meliosma microcarpa (Wight & Arn.) Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Tun Meliosma pinnata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pet-kanan Meliosma pungens (Wall.) Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Meliosma simplicifolia Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lale, Paya-ama, Pet-taung- yaing, Prang-kinsa Meliosma thomsoni King ex Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Meliosma wallichii Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Menispermaceae Anamirta paniculata Colebr. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Crow killer, Hon-nwe, Kaka- mayi, Kyi-that-pin Cissampelos pareira L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): False pareira brava, Kywet- nabaung, Velvet leaf Cocculus glaucescens Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kywet-nabaung Cocculus laurifolius DC. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Shan Cocculus linnaeanus Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cocculus macrocarpus Wight & Arn. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cocculus nudiflorus Griff. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyclea arnottii Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwe-dauk-hmwe-sok Cyclea bicristata (Griff.) Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay Cyclea peltata Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gwedauk-hmwe-sok Cyclea wallichii Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Diploclisia glaucescens (Blume) Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. Cited as: Fibraurea chloroleuca Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Hypserpa nitida Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Limacia cuspidata Hook. f. Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Limacia triandra Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limacia velutina Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Lophophyllum bicristatum Gniff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Menispermum dioicum Griff. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Menispermaceae - Menispermaceae 298 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Pachygone dasycarpa Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Pachygone ovata (Poir.) Miers Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ngapyu, Ngapyu-gyi Parabaena sagittata Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Pericampylus glaucus (Lam.) Merr. Habit: Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sindon-ma-nwe Pericampylus macrophyllus L.L. Forman Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pycnarrhena pleniflora Miers Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Stephania brachyandra Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Stephania delavayi Diels Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Stephania discolor Spreng. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taung-kya Stephania elegans Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Stephania gracilenta Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Shanaze-nwe, Taw-saung- mega, Yele Stephania reticulata Forman Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Stephania rotunda Lour. Habit: Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sin-don-ma-nwe, Taung-kya Stephania venosa (Blume) Spreng. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sindon-ma-nwe, Taung-kya Tiliacora racemosa Colebr. Habit: Climber Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Tinomiscium petiolare Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Tinospora cordifolia Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sin-don-ma-nwe, Sin-ngo- mani, Sin-sama-nwe Tinospora crispa Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Sagaing Tinospora malabarica Miers Habit: Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Tinospora nudiflora Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hku-sang-ma-nwai, Sindon- ma-nwe, Sinthama-nwe Tinospora palminervis Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tinospora tomentosa Miers Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Menyanthaceae Nymphoides hydrophylla (Lour.) Kuntze Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Shan Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Cited as: Limnanthemum indicum (L.) Thwaites Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Floating heart, Kya-linban Nymphoides parvifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze Cited as: Limnanthemum parvifolium Griseb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Mimosaceae Abarema bigemina (L.) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Menyanthaceae - Mimosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 299 Common Name(s): Danyin, Labrar, Tanyin Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Acacia brunnescens C.E. Parkinson Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Acacia caesia (L.) Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acacia campbellii Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway Acacia canescens Graham Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Acacia catechu Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Cutch, Mung-ting, Nya, Sha, Shaji, Tun-sa-se Acacia chundra Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sha Acacia concinna DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hpak-ha Sum-hkawn, Kin- mun, Kinmun-gyin Acacia confusa Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acacia dealbata Link. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Silver wattle Acacia decurrens Willd. Cited as: Acacia mollissima Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black wattle Acacia diadenia Parker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mawk-nawn-hkam, Nan-lon- kyaing Acacia ferruginea DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sha-byu Acacia gageana Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Acacia inopinata Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Sha-hta-naung Acacia intsia Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Suboke Acacia kingii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Acacia laevis Parker Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Yo-peing-nwe Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Tanaung, White-barked acacia Acacia macrocephala Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Acacia meeboldii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Acacia megaladena Desv. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Subok Acacia microcephala Graham Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Sha-tanaung Acacia modesta Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaw-tanaung Acacia myaingii Lace Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Su-magyi, Tagaung-net Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Cited as: Acacia arabica Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Naturalized Dicotyledons: Mimosaceae - Mimosaceae 300 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Babu, Babul, Indian gum- arabic tree, Subyu Acacia obcordata Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Cited as: Acacia insuavis Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hpak-ha-awn, Htaura, Suboke- gyi, Suyit Acacia podalyraefolia A. Cunn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Acacia pruinescens Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kinmum-gyin Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kinmun-gyin, Subok-nwe Acacia suma Kurz ex Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Gum arabic tree, Tanaung Acacia tomentosa Willd. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Adenanthera pavonina L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bead tree, Chek-long, Coral wood, Mai-chek, Red sandalwood, Ywe, Ywe- gyi, Ywe-ni Albizia angulata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Albizia burmanica 1. Nielsen Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Albizia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Bonmeza, Drum siris, Kayun, Mai-kang, Veng-fek Albizia crassiramea Lace Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Albizia elegans Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Albizia falcata (L.) Backer Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaw-magyi Albizia gamblei Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Albizia garrettii Nielsen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Albizia heterophylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Albizia julibrissin Duraz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Vang-nyong Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Albizia lebbek (L.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Anya-koko, Kokko, Mai- kokko, Tama-kai, Zo-fek Albizia lebbekoides (DC.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Anya-koko, Lay-min, Thitmagyi Albizia lucidior (Steud.) Nielsen Cited as: Albizia lucida Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Num-hypun-kap, Thanthat Albizia mollis Boiv. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Vang-tik-ting Albizia myriophylla Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nwe-cho Albizia odoratissima (L. f.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-kying-lwai, Mai-tawn, Meik-kye, Taung-magyi, Thit-magyi Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Dicotyledons: Mimosaceae - Mimosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 301 Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kayun, Mai-tawn, Sibok, Sit, Thit-pyu, Vang-fek Albizia teysmanni Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Albizia vernayana Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Archidendron clypearia (Jack) Nielsen Cited as: Abarema angulata (Benth.) Kosterm., Abarema clypearia (Jack) Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyet-kon, Taw-mezali Archidendron conspicuum (Craib) Nielsen Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Archidendron glomeriflorum (Kurz) Nielsen Cited as: Abarema glomeriflora (Kurz) Kosterm., Albizia glomeriflora Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin Archidendron jiringa (Jack) Nielsen Cited as: Albizia jiringa (Jack) Kurz, Pithecellobium jiringa Prain, Pithecellobium lobatum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Danyin, Dog fruit, Tanyin Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Calliandra Calliandra griffithii Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Red powderpuff, Sha-ni Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Redhead powderpuff Calliandra kingii Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Tanaung-subyu Calliandra umbrosa Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kakhit, Kyagyi, Kyansa, Wakhit-jangnai Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sitbyu, Tabe Entada arborea Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Entada glandulosa Pierre ex Gagnep. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Entada pursaetha DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Do, Do-nwe, Elephant creeper, Gon-nyin, Gon-nyin-nwe, Hko-mak-nim, Hko- mak-num, Sea bean, Shamyenru Entada scandens Benth. Habit: Climber Distribution: Cultivated Enterolobium cyclocarpum Griseb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Cited as: Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Aseik-pye, Aweya, Bawzagaing, Lamtoro seeds Mimosa pudica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kaya, Nam-ya-haiawn, Sensitive plant, Tikayon Mimosa rubicaulis Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Bilatt-tikayon Neptunia acinaciformis (Spannagel) Miq. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neptunia javanica Miq. Cited as: Neptunia triquetra auct., non (Vahl) Benth. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hti-ga-yon-gale Neptunia oleracea Lour. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Mimosaceae - Mimosaceae 302 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Neptunia robertsonii Raiz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway Common Name(s): Thayon Parkia biglandulosa Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Parkia insignis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Locust bean, Myauk-htan-nyet Parkia javanica Mert. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Parkia leiophylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thet-magyi, Thit-tawt Parkia sumatrana Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Parkia timoriana (DC.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pithecellobium affine Baker Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kala-magyi, Kyeng-preng, Kywe-danyin, Tayok-magyi Pithecellobium montanum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyetkan Pithecellobium unguis-cati Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Prosopis juliflora DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gandasein, Honey locust, Mesquite Prosopis spicigera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Gandasein, Mesquite Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rain tree, Thinbaw-kokko Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub. Cited as: Xylia dolabriformis Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Burmese ironwood, Hpat, Mai- salan, Pkhay, Praing, Pran, Prway, Pyin, Pyinkado Molluginaceae Glinus lotoides Loefl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-pan Glinus oppositifolius (L.) A. DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ganga, Ganga-la-acho, Jin-ga Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Myet-pan Mollugo pentaphylla L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myetpan Mollugo stricta L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Moraceae Alaeanthus kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hkan-gowngru, Malaing, Yeyun Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Aseik, Hkang-awng, Hmya- seik, Upas tree Artocarpus altilis (C.E. Park.) Fosberg Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Breadfruit, Paung-mok-thi Artocarpus calophyllus Kurz Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Molluginaceae - Moraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-bein Artocarpus champeden Spreng. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sone-padat Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Panoh-deh, Taung-peinne Artocarpus gomeziana Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Myauklu Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mak-lang, Mung-dung, Ndung, Pa-noh, Panwe, Peinne Artocarpus kunstleri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-mak-hat, Mayauklok-ni, Meik-mahot, Myauk-laung, Myauk-lok Artocarpus rigida Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Johore Jack, Sone-padat Artocarpus rufescens Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Balanostreblus ilicifolia Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Jangnai, Jang-nai-jutu, Kyansa Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hmaing-kan-setku, Mai-sa, Mai-sai-le, Mai-sau, Mai-tun-sao, Malaing, Paper mulberry, Tha-le Cudrania fruticosa Wight ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Cudrania pubescens Trecul Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Daung-kyettet Ficus affinis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Ficus altissima Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nyaung-peinne Ficus annulata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nyaung-tha-phan, Than-thay Ficus auriculata Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Lagum, Na-gum, Sin-thapan, Taba, Thu-hpak-lu-sang Ficus benghalensis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Banyan, Pyi-nyaung Ficus benjamina L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-kadut, Nyaung-lun, Nyaung-thabye Ficus bhotanica King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Magwithpauwu Ficus callicarpa Miq. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus callosa Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Ficus caloneura Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus carica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common fig, Thinbaw-thapan Ficus chartacea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tha-phan Ficus chittagonga Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Thapan-pin Dicotyledons: Moraceae - Moraceae 303 304 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ficus cinerascens Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus clavata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Ka-aung-gale, Ke-shing-zaung, Klau-ne, Thaphan Ficus comosa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gatzi, Kyet-kadut Ficus consociata King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Ka-dut, Lamai, Mai-hpang, Mai-lusang, Tha-dut, Ye-ka-on Ficus drupacea Thunb. Cited as: Ficus pilosa Reinw. ex Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Ficus elastica Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Ganoi, India rubber, Kanoi, Moih-krat Kanoi Ganoi, Nyaung-kyetpaung Ficus euphylla Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus excelsa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Nyaung-thabye Ficus filicauda Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin Ficus fistulosa Reinw. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus foveolata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing Ficus fulva Reinw. ex Blume Cited as: Ficus chrysocarpa Reinw. ex Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ficus geniculata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Nyaung-thabye Ficus glabella Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nyaung-pan, Nyaung-thabye Ficus glaberrima Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus glandulifera Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus globosa Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ficus glomerata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpak-lu, Mayen, Taung-tha- phan, Thapan, Ye-thapan Ficus grisea Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Ficus heteromorpha Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ficus heterophylla L. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Creeping fig, Kanwe-bin Ficus heteropleura Blume Cited as: Ficus urophylla Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Ficus hirta Vahl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Aak-tay, Bainamchyubawng, Khwe-ka-dut, Kyasha-tha-phan, Nawi-hawng Ficus hispida L. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Country fig, Hpauwu, Ka-aung, Kadut, Kha-aung, Mai-nawt-hpu Ficus incisa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus indica L. Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Moraceae - Moraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 305 Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nyaung-thabye Ficus insignis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Ficus ischnopoda Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Ficus kurzii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Ficus lacor Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpak-hi, Nyaung-gyin Ficus laevis Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Ficus lamponga Mia. Cited as: Ficus lepidosa Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Ficus lanceolata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ye-thapan Ficus lepicarpa Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus maclellandi King Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus macropoda Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus montana Burm. f. Cited as: Ficus quercifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus mysoriensis Heyne Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gattung, Nyaung-peinne Ficus nemoralis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Ficus neriifolia J.E. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus nervosa Heyne ex Roth Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-hong, Nyaung-peinne Ficus obpyramidata King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus obscura Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Phet-aung Ficus obtusifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-hai, Nyaung-gyat Ficus oligodon Miq. Cited as: Ficus pomifera Wall. ex King Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ka-aung Ficus palmata Forssk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indian fig, Kala-thapan Ficus peduncularis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus pisifera Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kayah, Kayin, Shan Ficus praetermissa Corner Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Ficus prominens Wall. ex Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus pubigera Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus pumila L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Creeping fig, Kyauk-kat- nyaung-nwe Ficus regia Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sin-thapan Ficus religiosa L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Dicotyledons: Moraceae - Moraceae 306 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Bawdi-nyaung, Bo tree, Lagat, Mai-nyawng, Pipal Ficus retusa L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nyaung-ok Ficus rhododendrifolia Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus ribes Reinw. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus rostrata Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Ficus roxburghii Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus rumphii Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Nyaung-phyu Ficus saemocarpa Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ye-thapan Ficus sagittata Vahl Cited as: Ficus ramentacea Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus scandens Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus schwarzii Koord. Cited as: Ficus miquelii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex J.E. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus sikkimensis Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Ficus silhetensis Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus smaragdina Moore Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus subrepanda Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus subulata Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Ficus sundaica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ficus thomsoni Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus tinctoria G. Forst. Cited as: Ficus gibbosa Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-hai-sa-pye Mai-hai, Nyaung-thabye Ficus triloba Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Ficus variegata Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Ficus vasculosa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ficus virens Aiton Cited as: Ficus infectoria Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpak-hi, Nyaung-gyin, Nyaung-shin Hullettia griffithiana King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner Cited as: Cudrania javensis Trecul. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Peinne-nwe Morus alba L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Posa, White mulberry Morus australis Poir. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Morus indica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Dicotyledons: Moraceae - Moraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 307 Common Name(s): Labri, Mawn, Mulberry, Ngap- septing, Posa, Soit Morus laevigata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Andi, Labri, Malaing, Taw- posa, Wild mulberry Morus macroura Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Plecospermum andamanicum King ex Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pseudostreblus indica Bur. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Streblus asper Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hkajang-nai, Mai-hkwai, Okhne Streblus microphylla Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago Streblus mitis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Streblus taxoides (K. Heyne) Kurz Cited as: Phyllochlamys spinosa (Roxb.) Bureau Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Taxotrophis caudata Hutch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Taxotrophis ilicifolia Vidal. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Taxotrophis triapiculata Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Taxotrophis zeylanica Thwaites Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyansa Morinaceae Morina nepalensis D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dan-da-lun, Drumstick tree, Horseradish tree, Ushan Myricaceae Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Myrica nagi Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Bay berry, Box myrtle, Ga-ok, Gowt, Kat-pho Myrica sapida Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ga-ok, Mak-mawn-awn Myristicaceae Horsfieldia globularia (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Warb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Myristica amygdalina Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nat-kun, Nat-tha-mi-kun-thi, Taung-saga Myristica angustifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kywe-thwe, Myauk-ma-kun- thwe Myristica cantleyi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Myristica conferta King Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myristica erratica Hook. f. & Thoms. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myristica fragrans Houtt. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Dicotyledons: Morinaceae - Myristicaceae 308 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Nutmeg, Sar-deik-bo-thi, Zadeik-po Myristica furfuracea Hook. f. & Thoms. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Myristica geminata Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Myristica gibbosa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Myristica glabra Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Myristica glauca Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myristica glaucescens Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kywe-thwe, Thit-tan Myristica guatteriifolia A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myristica irya Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Myristica kingii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine Myristica linifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Sar-deik-pho, Zadeik-po Myristica longifolia Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Zadeik-po Myristica malabarica Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-zadeik-po Myristica malayana Warb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Myristica missionis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myristica nagi Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Myristica prainii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kywe-thwe Myrsinaceae Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco Cited as: Aegiceras majus Gaertn. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Butalet, Kaya, Yegon, Yetagon Ardisia anceps Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ardisia andamanica Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ardisia arborescens Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Ardisia attenuata Wall. ex A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ardisia brandisiana Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Ardisia colorata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyetma-ok Ardisia crispa A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Ardisia dawnacea C.E. Parkinson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon Ardisia dawnensis M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ardisia depressa C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Ardisia floribunda Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ardisia gracilis Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ardisia grandifolia A. DC. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Myrsinaceae - Myrsinaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 309 Distribution: Taninthayi Ardisia helferiana Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ardisia humilis Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-ma-oak Ardisia icara Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Ardisia kachinensis Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Ardisia khasiana C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Ardisia kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ardisia neglecta M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ardisia neriifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Ardisia oxyphylla Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-ma-ok Ardisia paniculata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Sagaing Ardisia polycephala Wall. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetma-ok Ardisia reflexa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-ma-oak Ardisia rigida Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ardisia russellii M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ardisia solanacea Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetma-ok, Kyetma-ok-po, Pri- prawn, Shadwe Ardisia sumatrana Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ardisia thomsonii Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetma-ok Ardisia vestita Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ardisia virens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Ardisia wallichii A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpu-no, Kyet-ma-ok Embelia clarkei Bedd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Embelia ferruginea Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Embelia floribunda Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Embelia furfuracea Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Shan Embelia gallatlyi King & Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Embelia gamblei Kurz ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Embelia kurzii Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Embelia limpani Scheff. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Embelia myrtillus Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Embelia nagushia D, Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Sagaing Embelia nutans Wall. Dicotyledons: Myrsinaceae - Myrsinaceae 310 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Embelia parviflora Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Embelia pulchella Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Myingaung-nagaung Embelia reticulata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Embelia ribes Burm. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Myingaung-nayaung, Sawbwa- sa, Yup-nga-ru Embelia robusta Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin Common Name(s): Eik-hmwe-nwe Embelia rodgeri W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Embelia sessiliflora Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Shan Embelia tsjeriam-cottam A. DC. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin Common Name(s): Eik-hmwe-nwe Embelia undulata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Embelia vestita Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hymenandra narayanaswamii M.P. Nayar & G.S. Giri Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Maesa argentea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Maesa indica Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Jadum, Jingdum, Kinbalin-anet, Taw-lahpet, Va-kol-kay Maesa kurzii Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Natcho-sein Maesa marionae Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Maesa mollis A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Jadum, Jadum-kaba Maesa muscosa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Maesa paniculata A. DC. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Maesa permollis Kurz Habit: Tree, Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Maesa ramentacea A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kaung-nyin, Nga-nwa Maesa rugosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Myrsine avenis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Myrsine capitellata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Kler-po, Pinle-myet-hnar Myrsine semiserrata Wall. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kazaw, Ngasi Pimelandra eugeniaefolia Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pimelandra griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Rapanea neriifolia Mez. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Sadiria eugenifolia (Wall.) Mez Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Myrsinaceae - Myrsinaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 311 Myrtaceae Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Baeckea frutescens L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Cited as: Callistemon lanceolatus DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Bottle brush tree, Payoksi-bin Callistemon linearis DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Callistemon viminalis G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Australian bottle brush, Payoksi-bin Cleistocalyx nervosum (DC.) Kosterm. Cited as: Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Eugenia paniala Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Thabye-gyin, Ye-thabye Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) A.J. Scott Cited as: Decaspermum fruticosum auct., non J.R. & G. Forst. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-thabye Eucalyptus albens Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eu-ca-lit, White gum Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hngetchauk Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-chauk, Pyi-lon-chantha, U-ca-lit Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eu-ca-lit Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-chauk Eucalyptus cornuta Labill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-chauk Eucalyptus deglupta Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bagras eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus Labill Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Blue gum, Hnget-chauk Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shan-thabye Eucalyptus microcorys F. Muell. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eucalyptus obliqua L'Her. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Eucalyptus ovata Labill. Cited as: Eucalyptus stuartiana F. Muell. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eu-ca-lit Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hgnet-chauk Eucalyptus ptychocarpa F. Muell. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-eu-ca-lit, Pan-ukalip, Swamp bloodwood Eucalyptus radiata Sieb. ex DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Eucalyptus resinifera Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hgnet-chauk Eucalyptus saligna Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hgnet-chauk Dicotyledons: Myrtaceae - Myrtaceae 312 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Forest red gum Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nget-chauk, Pyi-lon-chantha Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Manna gum, Nhget-chauk Eugenia albiflora Duthie Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Shan Common Name(s): Thabye-ga Eugenia amplexicaulis Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eugenia andamanica King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Eugenia aquea Burm. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rose apple, Ye-thabye Eugenia balsamea Wight Cited as: Syzygium balsameum (Wight) Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-thabye-thein Eugenia brachiata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eugenia bracteata (Willd.) Roxb. Cited as: Syzygium bracteatum (Willd.) Raiz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-hmwe-sok Eugenia bracteolata Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bey-maga, Thabye Eugenia claviflora Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-kywe-gaung, Thabye- pin-bwa, Thabye-yit-pauk Eugenia contracta Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye Eugenia cuneata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-thabye Eugenia densiflora DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Lumshun Eugenia inophylla Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Thabye-sat-chi Eugenia khasiana Duthie Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eugenia kunstleri King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Eugenia lepidocarpa Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Eugenia mangifolia Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Thayet-thabye Eugenia manii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Eugenia oblata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-ni, Thabye-sat-chi Eugenia occidentalis Bourd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eugenia operculata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Rakhine, Shan Common Name(s): Kon-thabye, Thabye-shin, Ye- thabye Eugenia pellucida Duthie Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Eugenia praetermissa Gage Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye Eugenia rubens Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Eugenia rubricaulis Duthie Dicotyledons: Myrtaceae - Myrtaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 313 Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eugenia tristis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Eugenia venusta Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Thabye-ga Leptospermum javanicum Blume Cited as: Leptospermum flavescens Craib & Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Lophostemon confertus (R. Br.) P.G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh. Cited as: Tristania griffithii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Melaleuca alternifolium L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thinbaw-kalan Melaleuca cajaputi Powell Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Melaleuca leucadendron (L.) L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cajuput paperbark, Hnget- kyauk, Kalan Psidium acidum Mart. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Acid guava, Malaka-chin Psidium guajava L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Guava, Mai-mak-ka, Malaka, Maling-ga Psidium guineense Sw. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Red flesh guava Rhodamnia trinervia Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-kamyaing Rhodomyrtus cinerea Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Rose myrtle Syzygium abortivum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Syzygium aciculinum Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing Syzygium albiflorum (Duthie & Kurz) Bahadur & R.C. Gaur Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium angkae (Craib) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. Cited as: Eugenia spissa Craib, Syzygium spissum (Alston) Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-wa Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Clove tree, Lay-hnyin Syzygium attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Cited as: Eugenia barringtonii R.S. Hole, Syzygium rhamphiphyllum (Craib) Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye Syzygium cerasoides (Roxb.) Raiz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thabye-gyin Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. Cited as: Eugenia pseudosubtilis King Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) A.M. Cowan & Cowan Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thabye-kywe-gaung, Tha-bye- yitpauk Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Cited as: Eugenia cuminii (L.) Druce Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Java plum, Tame, Thabye-kyet- Dicotyledons: Myrtaceae - Myrtaceae 314 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar chi, Thabye-phyu, Wa-pasan Syzygium curranii (L.) Alston Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium cuttingii Merr. & Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing Syzygium cymosum DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-kyetter, Thitni Syzygium diospyrifolium (Wall. ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra Cited as: Eugenia diospyrifolia Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Meen, Taung-thabye, Thabyu- thabye Syzygium fastigiatum (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Baymaga, Thabye Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam. Cited as: Eugenia formosa Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kywe-thabye, Mai-si-sen, Son- myet, Thabe-pinbwa, Thabye-pinbwa, Wabaw, Ye’- hmyok Syzygium fruticosum DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taw-thabye, Thabye-ywet-thay Syzygium glaucum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thabye-gyi, Thabye-pinbwa, Thabye-ywet-gyi Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N. Mitra Cited as: Eugenia grata Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-pauk-pauk Syzygium griffithii (Duthie) Merr. & Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Syzygium helferi (Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. Cited as: Eugenia helferi Duthie Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Mataw Syzygium inophyllum DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-satche Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Cited as: Eugenia jambos L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnin-thi-pin, Rose apple, Thabu-thabye, Thabyu-thaby Syzygium kurzii (Duthie) N.P. Balakr. Cited as: Eugenia kurzii Duthie Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-nyo Syzygium laetum (Buch.-Ham.) Gandhi Cited as: Eugenia laeta Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Syzygium leptanthum (Wight) Niedenzu Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Cited as: Eugenia malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Eugenia megacarpa Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Di-la, Malay rose apple, Thabye-byu, Thabyu-thabye, Zabu-thabye-ahni Syzygium megacarpum (Craib) Rathakr. & N.C, Nair Cited as: Eugenia macrocarpa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Syzygium myrtifolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Syzygium oblatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pya-te, Thabye-ni, Thabye- Dicotyledons: Myrtaceae - Myrtaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 315 satche Syzygium pachyphyllum (Kurz) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-cho Syzygium palembanicum Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Malaga, Mathaka Syzygium polypetalum (Wight) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ye-saga Syzygium praecox (Roxb.) Rathakr. & N.C. Nair Cited as: Eugenia praecox Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Htum-kan-pun, Sun-thabye, Than-thabye Syzygium pseudolaetum (Fischer) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kabey Syzygium pycnanthum Merr. & L.M. Perry Cited as: Eugenia corymbosa Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium ripicola (Craib) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Syzygium siamense (Craib) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium stenurum Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Syzygium subrufum (King) Masam. Cited as: Eugenia smaliana Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tawgyi-gangaw, Thabye Syzygium syzygioides (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Cited as: Eugenia syzygioides (Miq.) M.R. Henderson Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thabye-pauk-pauk Syzygium tetragonum (Wight) Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Syzygium thumra (Roxb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Cited as: Eugenia punctifolia Ridl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-thabye, Thabye-gyi, Thabye-ywetgyi, Thabye-ywet-gyi, That-thabye Syzygium toddalioides (Wight) Walp. Cited as: Eugenia toddalioides Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Syzygium winitii (Craib) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thabye-bauk, Thabye-ni Syzygium zimmermannii (Warb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Tristania merguensis Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mya-kamaung Tristania rufescens Hance Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tristaniopsis burmanica (Griff.) P.G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh. Cited as: Tristania burmanica Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daukyat, Taung-thabye, Taungyo-pyizin Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) P.G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Myrtaceae - Myrtaceae 316 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese water-lily, Indian lotus, Padon-ma-kya, Sacred lotus Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia chinensis (L.) Rottb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Boerhavia diffusa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pa-yan-na-war, Spreading hogweed Boerhavia repanda Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pa-yan-na-war Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bougainvillea, Paper flower, Sekku-pan Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sekku-pan Mirabilis jalapa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Four o'clock, Lay-nar-yi-pan, Marvel of Peru, Mye-su Pisonia aculeata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Pisonia excelsa Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Nymphaeaceae Barclaya longifolia Wall. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kya-hkaung-laung Euryale ferox Salisb. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Fox nut, Gorgon fruit, Sin-kya Nymphaea alba L. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): European white water-lily, Kya-byu Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Cited as: Nymphaea stellata Willd. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indian blue water-lily, Indian water-lily, Kya-ni, Kya-nyo, Kya-pya Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Kya-phyu Nymphaea tetragona Georgi Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kya-pu, Pygmy water-lily Ochnaceae Brackenridgea hookeri (Planch.) A. Gray Cited as: Gomphia hookeri Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Campylospermum serratum (Gaertn.) Bittrich & M.C.E, Amaral Cited as: Gomphia sumatrana Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ochna andamanica Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Ochna brevipes Planch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Ochna fruticulosa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Indaing-seni Ochna jabotapita L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Sin-nwe, Si-nwe Ochna pumila Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Tan-kyetmauk Ochna wallichii Planch. Dicotyledons: Nelumbonaceae - Ochnaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 317 Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Indaing-seni, Yodaya Olacaceae Anacolosa griffithii Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-thana-kha Anacolosa ilicoides Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Anacolosa puberula Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Erythropalum scandens Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Le-lu Erythropalum vagum Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Olax acuminata Wall. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Pachilaing Olax imbricata Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Olax merguensis Planch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Olax nana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl Cited as: Olax scandens Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Lelaw, Lelu, Taung-lelu Olax zeylanica L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Schoepfia acuminata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Schoepfia fragrans Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dauk-yat, Kop-kwai Strombosia javanica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Banatha, Yin-bada Ximenia americana L. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pinle-kayin, Pinle-zi Oleaceae Chionanthus decipiens P.S. Green Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume Cited as: Linociera insignis (Miq.) C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-sabe Chionanthus ramiflora Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kyet-sa, Taw-phet-sut Fraxinus floribunda Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Indian ash, Se-ga Fraxinus griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Se-kha-gyi Jasminum anastomosans Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Jasminum angustifolium Vahl Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-sabe-gyi, Wild jasmine Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Sabe Jasminum attenuatum Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kadawn Jasminum auriculatum Vahl Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Zun-pan Dicotyledons: Olacaceae - Oleaceae 318 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Jasminum brevipetiolatum Duthie Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum caudatum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Hking-ko Jasminum coarctatum Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Tawsabe-nwe Jasminum decipiens P.S. Green Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum decussatum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sabe Jasminum dispermum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin Jasminum diversifolium Kobuski Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Jasminum duclouxii (H. Lev.) Rehder Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Jasminum elongatum (Bergius) Willd. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Jasminum excellens King & Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Jasminum farreri Gilmour Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum flexile Vahl Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Jasminum funale Decne. Cited as: Jasminum extensum Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Jasminum glandulosum Wall. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Chin Jasminum grandiflorum L. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mawk-mu-le, Myat-lay-pan, Spanish jasmine Jasminum griffithii C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Jasminum heterophyllum Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Jasminum humile L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Yellow jasmine Jasminum laetum Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum lanceolaria Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum lanceolarium Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Jasminum latipetalum C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon Jasminum laurifolium Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Taw-sabe Jasminum listeri King Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum mesnyi Hance Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Primrose jasmine Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Downy jasmine, Kadawn, Kadawnla, Sabe-hmwe-sok, Tawsabe Jasminum nervosum Lour. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Jasminum nobile C.B. Clarke Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin, Mon Jasminum pericallianthum Kobuski Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Jasminum rigidum Zenker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Jasminum rottlerianum Wall. Dicotyledons: Oleaceae - Oleaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 319 Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyet-yon, Taw-sabe Jasminum roxburghianum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arabian jasmine, Mawk-sam- pai, Sabe, Sabe-gyi Jasminum scandens Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Sai-pai-tan, Taw-kanzat, Taw- sabe Jasminum sessiliflorum Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-sabe Jasminum simplicifolium Forst. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Angel-wing Jasminum smalianum Brandis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Taw-sabe Jasminum subglandulosm Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Jasminum syringaefolium Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-sabe Jasminum trineuron Kobuski Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Shan Jasminum undulatum Ker Gawl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Jasminum velutinum Kobuski Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Taung-teik Ligustrum confusum Decne. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Ligustrum delavayanum Hariot Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ligustrum lindleyi (Wall. ex G. Don) P.S. Green Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ligustrum massalongianum Vis. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Ligustrum nepalense Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Lachin Ligustrum robustum Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Waso-pan Linociera caudata Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera grandiflora L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Linociera intermedia Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera loranthifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera macrophylla Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Legyun-lahpet, Myauk-okshit, Thabye-gyi, Thabye-nyo Linociera minutiflora C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Linociera oblonga Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera paludosa King & Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Linociera pauciflora C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Oleaceae - Oleaceae 320 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kyet-sa, Taw-petsut Linociera robertsonii Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Linociera terniflora Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pado-bin, Sabwe, Sanse, Tazin, Ye-myetnapan Myxopyrum serrulatum A.W. Hill Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Night-flowering jasmine, Seik- hpalu Olea attenuata Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Olea dentata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kaya, Taung-kamin Olea dioica Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Hak-hpu, Thitsibo Olea gamblei C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Osmanthus fragrans Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sweet olive, Thanlwin-thi Osmanthus suavis King. ex C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mai-hawk-tik, Myauk-okshit, Taw-gwebyu, Thitswele Onagraceae Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Circaea alpina L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Clarkia pulchella Pursh Cited as: Clarkia elegans Douglas Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Tabat-pan Epilobium angustifolium L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Fireweed Epilobium brevifolium D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Epilobium kermodei Raven Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fuchsia magellanica Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-swe-le Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara Cited as: Jussiaea repens L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanabaw, Lay-hnyin-pan, Ye- hti-gayon Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ludwigia linifolia (Vahl) Rolla Rao Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Cited as: Jussiaea erecta L., Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lay-nyin-gyi Ludwigia perennis L. Cited as: Ludwigia parviflora Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Ka-nyut Dicotyledons: Onagraceae - Onagraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 321 Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Oenothera biennis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Don-la-ban, Evening primrose Oenothera rosea L'Her. ex Aiton Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Oenothera tetraptera Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nyan-ne-pan Opiliaceae Cansjera helferiana Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Cansjera parvifolia Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yam Cansjera rheedei Gmel. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr. Cited as: Champereia griffithiana Planch. ex Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Lepionurus oblongifolius Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lepionurus sylvestris Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Opilia amentacea Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Urobotrya siamensis Hiepko Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oxalidaceae Averrhoa bilimbi L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Bilimbi, Shiyam, Tayok- zaungya, Tree sorrel Averrhoa carambola L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Carambola, Mak-hpung, Zaung-yar Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): De-wouk Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Shun-bwet-hti-gayon, Tabin- shwe-te Oxalis acetosella L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oxalis corniculata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmo-chin, Indian sorrel Oxalis griffithii Edgew. & Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Oxalis latifolia H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hmo-chin-gyi, Thinbaw-hmo- chin Paeoniaceae Paeonia emodi Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Peony, Pho-la-min, Sanda, Sandra Pandaceae Galearia filiformis Boer. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Galearia fulva (Tul.) Miq. Cited as: Galearia phlebocarpa (R. Br.) Migq., Galearia wallichii (R. Br.) Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Galearia helferi Hook. f. Dicotyledons: Opiliaceae - Pandaceae 322 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Khaya, Mexican prickly poppy Corydalis aconitiflora Liden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis birmanica Liden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis borii Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis dulongjianensis X. Chuang Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis enantiophylla Liden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis farreri Liden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis flaccida Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Corydalis gracillima C.Y. Wu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis leptocarpa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Corydalis leptophylla Liden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis lopinensis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis mayae Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis saltatoria W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Corydalis trifoliata Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Corydalis yunnanensis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Dicentra burmanica K.R. Stern Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicentra macrantha Oliver Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eschscholzia californica Cham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bein-pan, California poppy Meconopsis betonicifolia Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Meconopsis horridula (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kingdon Ward Cited as: Meconopsis calciphila Kingdon-Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Meconopsis impedita Prain Cited as: Meconopsis rubra Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis lancifolia (Franch.) Franch. ex Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis lyrata (Cummins & Prain) Fedde ex Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis napaulensis DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis racemosa Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis smithiana (Hand.-Mazz.) G. Taylor Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meconopsis violacea Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Papaveraceae - Papaveraceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 323 Distribution; Kachin Papaver rhoeas L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bein-ni, Corn poppy, Red poppy Papaver somniferum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bein, Opium poppy, White poppy Parnassiaceae Parnassia acuminata Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Parnassia chinensis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Parnassia farreri W.E. Evans Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Parnassia mysorensis Heyne ex Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Passifloraceae Adenia cardiophylla (Mast.) Engl. Cited as: Modecca cardiophylla Mast. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Kinmon, Kyet-hinkha-nwe Adenia trilobata (Roxb.) Engl. Cited as: Modecca trilobata Roxb. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Bago Modecca apiculata Mast. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Modecca furfuracea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Passiflora assamica Chakrav. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Passiflora burmanica Chakrav. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Passiflora edulis Sims Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Edible passion flower, Pin-hme Passiflora foetida L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Stinking passion flower, Sukar- gale, Taw-suka Passiflora incarnata L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Wild passion flower Passiflora laurifolia L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bell apple, Nweni-natpan Passiflora leschenaultii DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Passiflora quadrangularis L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Aka-wadi, Giant granadilla Pedaliaceae Martynia annua L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Devil's claw, Se-kalon, Tiger's claw Pedalium murex L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Su-le-gyi Sesamum indicum (L.) DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnan, Hnan-gyi, Sesame Pentaphragmataceae Pentaphragma begoniifolium (Roxb. ex Jack) Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Parnassiaceae - Phytolaccaceae 324 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Piperaceae Peperomia exigua Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Peperomia heyneana Miq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Peperomia moulmeiniana Cas. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Peperomia pellucida (L.) H.B.K. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Shiny peperomia, Thit-yay-gyl Peperomia reflexa A. Dietr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Peperomia tetraphylla (Forst. f.) Hook. & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Piper acutistigmum C, DC, Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Sayo Piper aurantiacum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Ye-nu-pin Piper avanum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Piper betle L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Betel vine, Kun, Kun-ywet-pin Piper boehmeriaefolium Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Piper caninum Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Piper cubebe L. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Cubeb, Nga-yok-kaung-gyi, Peik-chin Piper diffusa Vahl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Piper kurzii A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin Piper leptostachyum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon Piper longum L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Long pepper, Nga-yok-kaung, Peik-chin Piper nigrum L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black pepper, Bumawng-ru, Nga-yok-kaung, Sayo-me, U-pinlong Piper peepuloides Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Piper porrectum C, DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Piper pothiforme Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Piper pothoides Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Piper ribesioides Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kun Piper sumatranum Cas. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kun Piper sylvaticum Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-kun Piper umbellatum L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Piper wallichii (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Piperaceae - Piperaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 325 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum chatterjeeanum Gowda Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Pittosporum ferrugineum Ait. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Pittosporum floribundum Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mayanin, Ye-kadi Pittosporum glabratum Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Pittosporum johnstonianum Gowda Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pittosporum kerrii Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mayanin Pittosporum napaulensis (DC.) Rehder & Wilson Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Mayanin, Ye-kadi, Yene Plagiopteraceae Plagiopteron suaveolens Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Plantaginaceae Plantago major L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Ah-gyaw-paung-ta-htaung, Se- gyaw-paung-ta-htaung, Se-kyaw-gyi, Sepodi, Way bread Plantago ovata Forssk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eikta-pha-gula, Isphagula, Lepa-du, Spogel Plumbaginaceae Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Badan, Pinle-sa Ceratostigma asperrimum Stapf ex Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plumbago auriculata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kan-gyoknyo, Kye-pya Plumbago capensis Thunb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kan-gyok-nyo, Kan-gyok-pya Plumbago indica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kangyok Plumbago rosea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kangyok-ni Plumbago zeylanica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kan-gyok-phyu Statice bonduelli Lestib. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pan-gyauk, Sea lavendar Podoaceae Dobinea vulgaris Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Podostemaceae Hydrobryum griffithii (Wall. ex Griff.) Tul. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podostemum pterophyllus Benth. & Hook. f. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Podostemum wallichii R. Br. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Podostemum wattii C.B. Clarke Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Pittosporaceae - Podostemaceae 326 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Polypleurum wallichii (R. Br. ex Griff.) Warming Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zeylanidium lichenoides (Kurz) Engl. Cited as: Podostemum microcarpus Wedd. Habit: Aquatic Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Polemoniaceae Phlox drummondii Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thayet-hte-pan Polygalaceae Polygala alphonsii Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Lapdwi, Pan-swele Polygala birmanica Chodat Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala cardiocarpa Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Polygala carnosa Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala crotalarioides Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Polygala cucullatum R. van der Meijden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala erioptera DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala floribunda Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala heteroptera A.W. Benn. ex Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala karensium Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayah Polygala kyoukmyoungensis Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala lacei Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Polygala leptalea DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Polygala palustris Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala pellucida Lace Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygala persicariaefolia DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Shan Polygala sibirica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Polygala trichophylla Chodat Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin, Mon Polygala triphylla Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Polygala umbonata Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salomonia aphylla Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salomonia cantoniensis Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Na-me Salomonia cylindrica Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salomonia longiciliata Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk. Cited as: Securidaca tavoyana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Lay-min Dicotyledons: Polemoniaceae - Polygalaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 327 Xanthophyllum affine Korth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Xanthophyllum andamanicum King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Sagwe, Thitpyu, Thit-tazin Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook. f. ex A.W. Benn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Choenyin Xanthophyllum hainanense Hu Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J. Sm. Cited as: Xanthophyllum glaucum Wall. ex Hassk. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kam-gaw, Lanthan, Thit-kayin, Thit-pyu, Thit-sagwe Xanthophyllum punctatum R. van der Meijden Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Xanthophyllum virens Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Choenyin, Thit-pyu Polygonaceae Aconogonon rhombitepalum §.-P. Hong Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Antenoron filiforme (Thunb. ex Murray) Roberty & Vautier Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Antigonon guatemalense Meissn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Coral vine Antigonon leptopus Hook. f. & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Coral vine, Taik-pan Coccoloba uvifera L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Anawa-nyaung, Anawar- nyaung, Pigeon plum, Sea grape Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara Cited as: Fagopyrum cymosum Trev. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Wild buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Buckwheat, Shari-mam Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Buckwheat, Indian buckwheat, Shari-mam, Tartary Koenigia delicatula (Meisn.) H. Hara Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Muehlenbeckia platyclada Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Centipede plant Polygonum adenopodum Samuelsson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum alatum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Polygonum assamicum Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum aviculare L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Knotweed, Pa-zun-sa Polygonum barbatum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kywe-lae-chaung, Suzat-pan Polygonum birmanicum Gage Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Polygonum chinense L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Boktaung, Maha-gar-kyan-sit, Dicotyledons: Polygonaceae - Polygonaceae 328 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Wetkyein Polygonum filicaule Wall. ex Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum forrestii Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum glabrum Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Polygonum griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum hydropiper L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Polygonum lapathifolium L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum longisetum De Bruyn Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum molle D, Don Cited as: Polygonum rude Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Shan Polygonum nummularifolium Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Polygonum orientale L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Polygonum plebeium R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Nga-yo-pin, Pa-zun-chi-gyi Polygonum polystachyum Wall. ex Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Polygonum runcinatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Polygonum sphaerostachyum Meissn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Polygonum strigosum R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Polygonum tomentosum Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mahaga-kyansit Polygonum virginianum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Polygonum viviparum L, Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Rheum acuminatum Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rheum australe D. Don Cited as: Rheum emodii Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Pita-monla, Rhubarb Rheum nobile Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Indian rhubarb, Kalar- chinbaung Rheum yunnanense Samuelsson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rumex crispus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kalar-chinbaung-nge, Sour dock, Yellow dock Rumex maritimus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rumex nigricans Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Wet-kyein-gale Rumex trisetiferus Stokes Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rumex vesicarius L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Bladder dock, Kala-chin- baung-gyi Dicotyledons: Polygonaceae - Polygonaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 329 Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Rose-moss, Taing-lon-chantha Portulaca oleracea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Mya-byit, Myet-htauk, Purslane Portulaca pilosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Portulaca quadrifida L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mya-byit, Mya-byit-gale Talinum cuneifolium Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Talinum paniculatum Ruiz & Pavon Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-ma-na-khin-sa Androsace gagnepainiana Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Androsace henryi Oliver Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Androsace lutea Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Androsace phaeoblephara Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyclamen africanum Boiss. & Reut. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Alpine violet Cyclamen neapolitanum Tenore Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Cyclamen persicum Mill. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Lysimachia chenopodioides Watt ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Lysimachia ferruginea Edgew. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Lysimachia fletcheri C.M. Hu & A.B. Bennell Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysimachia japonica Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysimachia linearifolia Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysimachia lobelioides Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Lysimachia obovata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysimachia peduncularis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Shan Lysimachia prolifera Klatt Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lysimachia ramosa Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Lysimachia trichopoda Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Naudicelle Omphalogramm delavayi (Franch.) Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Omphalogramma burmanicum Fletcher Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Omphalogramma coxii I.B. Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Omphalogramma farreri 1.B. Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Omphalogramma pilosum Fletcher Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Portulacaceae - Primulaceae 330 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Primula agleniana 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Shan Primula alta 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Primula androsacea Georgi ex Ledeb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Primula begoniiformis Petitm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula bella Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula blandula W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula bryophylla 1.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Primula burmanica L.B. Balf. & Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula calliantha Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Shan Primula calthifolia W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula capitata Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula chamaethauma W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula coryphaea 1.B. Balf. & Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula cycliophylla 1.B. Balf. & Farrer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula densa 1.B. Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula denticulata W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Primula dickieana Watt Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula dictyophylla W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula dryadifolia Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula dumicola W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula edgeworthii Pax Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula euchaites W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula euosma Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula fea Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula filipes Watt Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Primula firmipes 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula forbesii Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Primula fragilis 1.B. Balf. & Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula geraniifolia Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Primula helodoxa 1.B. Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula klaveriana Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula lacerata W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula likiangensis Franch. Dicotyledons: Primulaceae - Primulaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 331 Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula limnoica Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula listeri King Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Primula mackliniae A.J. Richards Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula meiantha IB. Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Primula melanodonta W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula mollis Nutt. ex Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Primula muscarioides Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula muscoides Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula nudicaulis Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Primula prenantha 1.B. Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula prolifera Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula sciophila 1.B. Balf. & Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula seclus Balf. f. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula seclusa 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula serratifolia Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula sikkimensis Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula silaensis Petitmengin Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula siphonantha W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula sonchifolia Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula thearosa Kingdon Ward Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Primula triloba 1.B. Balf. & Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula werringtonensis Forrest Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Primula whitei W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khar-daw-hmi, Silky oak, Silver oak Helicia erratica Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Dauk-yat-gyi, Kywe-da-nyin, Makmeit, Meik-hmot, Mot-long, Sont-way Helicia excelsa (Roxb.) Blume Cited as: Helicia salicifolia Pres] Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kywe-da-nyin, Machya Helicia glabrata Meissn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Helicia nilagirica Bedd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Helicia obscurinervis Chatterjee Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Helicia petiolaris Benn. Dicotyledons: Proteaceae - Proteaceae 332 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Helicia pyrrhobotrya Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R. Br. ex Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Daukyan, Daukyat, Mot, Taukyat Helicia terminalis Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Museik, Sinkozi Heliciopsis incisa (Koord. & Valet.) Sleumer Cited as: Helicia incisa Koord. & Valet. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hta, Mak-sang, Pomegranate, Thale-thi Rafflesiaceae Rhizanthes zippelii (Blume) Spach Cited as: Brugmansia zippelii Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Sapria himalayana Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Ranunculaceae Aconitum calthifolium Comber Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Atis root, Diwok Aconitum jucundum Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum lethale Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum nagarum Stapf Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum napellus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Ah-seik Aconitum palmatum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Bi-kha-ma Aconitum pulchella Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum souliei Finet & Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum uncinatum L, Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aconitum venatorium Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anemone begoniifolia H. Lev. & Vaniot Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Anemone demissa Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anemone howellii J.F. Jeffrey & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anemone hupehensis Lem. & Lem. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Anemone japonica Sieb. & Zucc. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Japan-gangaw Anemone narcissiflora L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anemone obtusiloba D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Anemone tetrasepala Royle Dicotyledons: Punicaceae - Ranunculaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 333 Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Anemone vitifolia Buch.-Ham. ex DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Asteropyrum peltatum (Franch.) J.R. Drumm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Beesia cordata I.B. Balf. & W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Caltha palustris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cimicifuga dahurica Huth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cimicifuga foetida L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Bugbane Clematis acuminata DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Clematis buchananiana DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Khwa-nyo, Khwa-phyu Clematis burmanica Lace Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Clematis cadmia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kyauk-yo-nwe, Nya-ne-pan, Plat-le-lin, Sinyaw-pan Clematis chrysocoma Franch. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kwa-nyo Clematis craibiana Lace Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kwanyo Clematis fasciculiflora Franch. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Clematis gouriana Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Indian traveler's joy, Khwar- nyo-yaing Clematis grata Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Clematis grewiaefolia DC, Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Shan Clematis grossa Wall. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clematis henryi Oliver Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Clematis hothae Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clematis kerriana J.R. Drumm. & Craib Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Sat-gyo-yit Clematis meyeniana Walp. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Clematis napaulensis DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Clematis nutans Royle Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Clematis pensylvanicus L. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Clematis puberula Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clematis roylei Rehder Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin Clematis sceleratus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kwanyo-gyi, Tanga-ngayoke Clematis siamensis J.R. Drumm. & Craib Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Clematis smilacifolia Wall. Dicotyledons: Ranunculaceae - Ranunculaceae 334 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Khwar-nyo-gyi Clematis subumbellata Kurz Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clematis wattii J.R. Drumm. & Craib Habit: Climber Distribution: Sagaing Coptis teeta Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Gold thread, Khandauk, Mishmi tita, Shwe-wa-myit Delphinium ajacis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-gale, Larkspur, Sa- galay-pan Delphinium altissimum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Delphinium burmaense Munz Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Delphinium elatum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Delphinium lacei Munz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Delphinium micropetalum Finet & Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Delphinium stapeliosum Bruehl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Helleborus niger L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black hellebore, Myet-kyin, Saung-may-kha Isopyrum adiantifolium Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Naravelia laurifolia Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kwanyo, Taw-kwanyo Naravelia zeylanica DC. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gyit-nalata, Hku-kwang, Kwanyo, Satgyo-yit, Usetsi Nigella damascena L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chit-taw-mai, Love-in-the-mist Nigella sativa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Black cumin, Samon-net, Small fennel Ranunculus diffusus DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Ranunculus hirtellus Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ranunculus pensylvanicus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Ranunculus sceleratus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Celery-leaved crowfoot, Marsh crowfoot, Tanga-ngayoke Ranunculus siamensis M. Tamura Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ranunculus vestitus Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Souliea vaginata Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Thalictrum alpinum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Thalictrum cultratum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thalictrum delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Khandauk, Kywe-bagwe Thalictrum semiscandens W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Ranunculaceae - Ranunculaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Trollius yunnanensis Ulbr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Resedaceae Reseda odorata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mignonette, Mya-hmwe Rhamnaceae Apteron lanceolatum Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Berchemia flavescens Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Berchemia floribunda Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Berchemia polyphylla Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyway-nwe Colubrina pubescens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Gouania brandisti Hassk. Habit: Climber Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Gouania leptostachya DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pi-khum, Tayaw-nyo-nwe Gouania microcarpa DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Helinus lanceolatus Brandis Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Rhamnus nipalensis Laws. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Buckthorn Rhamnus sargentianus Schn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rhamnus virgatus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Sageretia oppositifolia Brongn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Sageretia theezans Brongn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Smythea calpicarpa Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ventilago calyculata Tul. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tayaw-nyo Ventilago leiocarpa Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ventilago maderaspatana Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ta-yaw-nyo, Thwedet, Waso- nwe Ventilago maingayi Laws. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Ziziphus brunoniana C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi, Yangon Ziziphus funiculosa Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Ziziphus glabra Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ma jilamyin, N ji-lam-yin, Paungbet Ziziphus globularis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ziziphus incurva Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ma jilam-yin, N jilam-yin, Paungpe, Subo, Sugauk Ziziphus jujuba Lam. Dicotyledons: Resedaceae - Rhamnaceae 335 336 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chinese date, Eng-si, Jujube, Mahkaw, Makhkaw-hku, Zi, Zi-daw-thi Ziziphus oenoplia Mill. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mainam-nu, Mak-hkaw-hku, Njilamyin, Paungbet, Supauk-pin, Taw-zi-nwe Ziziphus rubiginosa D.G. Long & Rae Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mak-kok, Myauk-zi, Sammankaw, Taw-zi, Zi-ganauk, Zi-talaing Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera conjugata (L.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Byu-u-talon, Saung-po Bruguiera cylindrica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Byu, Madama, Pyu, Saung Bruguiera decandra Kingdon Ward Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bruguiera hainesii C.G. Rogers Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Saung-po Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Byu-kyettet, Hnit Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Yangon Common Name(s): Saung Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Carallia lancaefolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hpun, Maniawga, Yat Carallia densiflora Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Carallia integerrima DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ceriops candolleana Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Madama-myaw, Panlon Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Baingdaung, Byu, Kabaing, Kamyaing, Madama Ceriops tagal C.B. Rob. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Madama, Madama-myaw, Panlon Gynotroches axillaris Mig. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Kandelia candel (L.) Druce Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Baing-daungshe, Byu-baing- dauk Pellacalyx parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Rhizophora candelaria DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Byu-chidauk, Payon-apo, Pyu Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Baing-daung, Byu-chidauk, Payon-ama, Pyu Rosaceae Agrimonia eupatorium L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Cotoneaster burmanicus G. Klotz Dicotyledons: Rhizophoraceae - Rosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cotoneaster farreri G. Klotz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cotoneaster microphyllus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cotoneaster rotundifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Cotoneaster rubens W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cotoneaster simonsii Baker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cotoneaster verruculosa Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Cydonia cathayensis Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Chinsaw-ga, Mawau, Quince Docynia indica Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Eriobotrya bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Maksawt, Pet-sut Eriobotrya dubia Decne. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Eriobotrya glabrescens J.E. Vidal Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Loquat, Tayok-Hninthi Eriobotrya latifolia Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Eriobotrya macrocarpa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Eriobotrya merguiensis J.E. Vidal Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Eriobotrya petiolata Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Eriobotrya platyphylla Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Eriobotrya tengyuehensis W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Eriobotrya tinctoria Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriobotrya wardii Fisch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Eriolobus hookeriana Decne. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Crab apple, Makawk, Taung- gwe Eriolobus indica Schneid. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Crab apple, Makhawk, Myet- chin-nu, Taung-gwe Fragaria elatior Ehrh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shanzi Fragaria indica Andr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. ex J. Gay Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay Fragaria nubicola Lindl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Fragaria vesca L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Wild strawberry Maddenia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Maddenia hypoxantha Koehne Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae 337 338 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Siberian crab apple Malus pumila Mill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Apple, Hnin-thi, Pan-thi, Thit- tawt-thi Malus yunnanensis (Franch.) Schn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Neillia affinis Hemsl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Neillia thyrsiflora D. Don Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Osteomeles anthyllifolia Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Hawthorn Osteomeles schwerinae C.K. Schneid. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Photinia beauverdiana C.K. Schneid. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Photinia benthamiana Hance Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Photinia birmanensis C.K. Schneid. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Photinia brandisii Stapf Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Photinia davidsoniae Rehder & Wilson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Photinia flavidiflora W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Photinia glabra (Thunb.) Maxim. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Photinia hookeri (Decne.) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Photinia integrifolia Lindl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Photinia mollis Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Photinia myriantha Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Photinia notoniana Wight & Arn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Photinia rufa Fisch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Photinia sambuciflora W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Potentilla burmanica J. Sojak Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla coriandrifolia D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla cristata Fletcher Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla curta J. Sojak Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla dumosa (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla fragarioides L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Potentilla fruticosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla fulgens Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Potentilla indica (Andr.) Wolf Cited as: Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Indian strawberry, Mock strawberry, Shanzi-yaing Potentilla kleiniana Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Potentilla leuaconota D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 339 Potentilla microphylla D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Potentilla montisvictoriae H. Ikeda & H. Ohba Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Potentilla peduncularis D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Potentilla pellita Sojak Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla turfosa Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Potentilla vittata J. Sojak Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pourthiaea arguta Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Pourthiaea salicifolia Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Ye-petsut Prunus acuminata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Prunus armeniaca L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Apricot, Bingala-zi Prunus avium L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Chai-ri, Sweet cherry Prunus brachypoda Batalin Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus bracteopadus Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus campanulata Max. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Prunus cerasoides D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Byin-bying, Chai-ri, Cherry, Mai-sein, Panni, Pannu, Phaizong Prunus communis Huds. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Me-man-thi, Met-mann Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Damson, Me-man, Met-man- thi, Plum, Prune, Sloe Prunus henryi (C.K. Schneid.) Koehne Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus hosseusii Diels Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Prunus jenkinsii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus kingdonwardii Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus latidentata Koehne Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus litigiosa Koehne Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus macrophyllus Sieb. & Zucc. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Prangkinsa, Tankyat Prunus majestica Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus martabanica Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi Prunus mugus Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus mume Sieb. & Zucc. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus nepaulensis Steud. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Lamum, Samum Prunus padus L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae 340 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Likphi-kyanyi-ngu-sa-ngum, Me-man, Peach, Phai-zong, Shanzi Prunus phaeosticta (Hance) Maxim. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Prunus puddum Roxb. ex Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus punctata Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus rufa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Prunus salicina Lindl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Prunus serrula Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus tatsiensis Batalin Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus trichantha Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Prunus triflora Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Prunus venosa Koehne Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Prunus wallichii Steud. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Cherry Pygeum acuminatum Colebr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nobin Pygeum anomalum Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hmangu Pygeum arboreum Endl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pygeum capitellatum Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Pygeum caudatum Mert. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Pygeum lampongum Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Pygeum montanum Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Pygeum persimile Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pygeum wightianum Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pyrus communis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pear, Thittaw Pyrus cuspidata Bertol. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Pyrus foliolosa Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Pyrus japonica Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Chin-saw-ka Pyrus kachinensis W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Pyrus khasiana Decne. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Ginshatake Pyrus microphylla Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Magwgai, Sahkaw, Thittaw-thi- pin Pyrus vestita Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 341 Rosa alba L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnin-si-phyu, Indian white rose Rosa bracteata Wendl. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Tunpanghka, Ye-si Rosa cathayensis L.H. Bailey Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rosa centifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Cabbage rose, Hnin-si, Provence rose Rosa clinophylla Thory Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Rosa collettii Crepin Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Rosa damascena Mill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Damask rose, Hninsi, Mai-si Rosa gallica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): French rose, Hnin-si Rosa gigantea Collett ex Crepin Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Kyanza, Mawk-hnangsi, Mawk-kyanza, Taw-hninsi Rosa indica L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bengal rose, China rose, Hnin- si-ani, Myitkaing, Uloi-ju Rosa involucrata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kahpalap, Myitkaing Rosa longicuspis Bertol. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Rosa moschata J. Herrm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Musk rose Rosa multiflora Thunb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rosa sericea Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Rosa webbiana Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus acuminatus Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Rubus alceaefolius Poir. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Rubus alpestris Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rubus ampelinus Focke ex Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus assamensis Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Chyaga Rubus biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rubus birmanicus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Gadaw Rubus bullatifolius Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus calycinus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus chaetocalyx Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kaiching Rubus ellipticus Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Chyaga, Lingsan, Shaga, Subwe, Sumwe Rubus elongatus Sm. Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae 342 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus eustephanos Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus ferox Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rubus gigantiflorus Hara Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus glomeratus Blume Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus gracilis Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Rubus hexagynus Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus hookeri Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Rubus indotibetanus Koidz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus lambertiana Ser. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus lasiocarpus Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Gamang, Gamaw, Lingvoom, Shan-zi, Shan-zi-phyu, Wild blackberry Rubus lineatus Reinw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rubus loropetalus Franch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus lucens Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus malifolius Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus modestus Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus moluccanus L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Gadaw, Ndang-chyaga, Ndangshaga, Shanzi Rubus niveus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Rubus paniculatus Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus parapungens Hara Cited as: Rubus horridulus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rubus pentagonus Wall. ex Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rubus potentilloides W.E. Evans Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Rubus rosaefolius Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Gahkyeng, Raspberry Rubus subornatus Focke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus sumatranus Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rubus thomsonii Focke Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubus treutleri Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus wardii Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Rubus yunanicus Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rubus yunnanensis Watt. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sibbaldia perpusilloides (W.W. Sm.) Hand.- Mazz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorbus apicidens Merr. Habit: Small tree Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 343 Distribution: Kachin Sorbus aronioides Rehd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sorbus coronata (Cardot) Yu & Tsai Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus corymbifera (Miq.) Khep & Yakovlev Cited as: Pyrus granulosa Bertol. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Thittaw-yaing Sorbus detergibilis Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus epidendron Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sorbus filipes Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sorbus foliolosa Spach Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sorbus granulosa (Bertol.) Rehd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sorbus griffithii (Hook. f.) Rehder Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorbus harrowiana (1.B. Balf. & W.W. Sm.) Rehder Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sorbus macrantha Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sorbus paucijuga Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus paucinervia Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus poteriifolia Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Sorbus pteridophylla Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus reducta Diels Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sorbus rehderiana Koehne Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus rufopilosa C.K. Schneid. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus thibetica Hand.-Mazz. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus ursina Wenz. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Sorbus verticillata Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Sorbus vilmorini C.K. Schneid. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorbus wardii Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sorbus wattii Koehne Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea arcuata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Spiraea bella Sims Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea canescens D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea cantoniense Lour. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea hemicryptophyta Grierson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea japonica L. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spiraea purpurea Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Spiraea wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Rosaceae - Rosaceae 344 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Stranvaesia glaucescens Lindl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Ye-min Rubiaceae Adenosacme chasalioides Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Adenosacme glandulosa Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Adenosacme gracilis Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Adenosacme longifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Adenosacme parishii Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Adina cordifolia Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hnaw, Yangmaw Adina griffithii Hook. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Adina indivisa Lance Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Taung-hnaw Adina oligocephala Havil. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Aidia cochinchinensis Lour. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Aidia densiflora (Wall.) Masam. Cited as: Webera oppositifolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Aidia parvifolia (King & Gamble) Wong Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Anotis calycina Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Anthocephalus morindaefolius Korth. Cited as: Anthocephalus cadamba Migq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Cadamba, Hkala-shwang, Lash- awng, Ma-u, Ma-u-let-tan-she, Mau-phyu, Prung, Ye-ma-u, Yema-u Argostemma kurzii C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Argostemma lobbii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Argostemma parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Argostemma sarmentosum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Argostemma succulentum Ridley Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Argostemma tavoyanum Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Aulacodiscus premnoides Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Borreria articularis (L. f.) Williams Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Borreria hispida (L.) K. Schum. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Gangala Borreria stricta (L. f.) G. Mey. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Brachytome russellii D.B. Deb & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Brachytome wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Brachytome wardii Fisch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Canthium dicoccum Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ceylon boxwood, Myauk-laung Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 345 Canthium didymum Gaertn. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Canthium glabrum Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Canthium griseum Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Canthium horridum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Canthium parvifolium Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Se-thanbaya Canthium umbellatum Wight Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Shan, Taninthayi Carinta herbacea Jacq. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Cephaelis ipecacuanha A. Rich. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ipecac, Wunkaik-yawga- saymyit Cephalanthus naucleoides DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Momakha-gale, Ye-ma-u Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Momaka-gale, Yema-u Chassalia chartacea Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nibase Cinchona ledgeriana Moens ex Trimen Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Quinine Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Panlawng, Quinine Coffea arabica L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Arabian coffee, Coffee, Kaw- phi-pin Coffea bengalensis Roxb. ex Heyne & Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Zalat-pyu Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Coffee, Ka-hpi Coffea fragrans Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Coffea jenkinsii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Coffea khasiana Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Magway Coffea liberica Hiern Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ka-hpi, Liberian coffee Coffea merguensis Ridl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Coffea robusta Linden Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Coffea tetrandra Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Coptosapelta flavescens Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Damnacanthus indicus Gaertn. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Nyetmo-hkyet Dentella concinna Airy Shaw Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dentella repens (L.) J.R. & G. Forst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Yangon Dentella serpyllifolia Wall. ex Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Diplospora confusa Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 346 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Diplospora griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Diplospora kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Diplospora pubescens Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Diplospora siamica Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Diplospora singularis Korth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Emmenopterys rehderi Metcalf Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Galium asperifolium Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Galium punduanum Wall. ex Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Galium rotundifolium L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Galium sikkimense Gand. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gardenia campanulata Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Se-thanbaya Gardenia coronaria Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Hageir, Hkhinkang, Hpunhkyin-kang, Mai-hkai-mawk, Mai-yan-kat, Thit-gan, Yin-gat-gyi Gardenia cuneata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Gardenia dasycarpa Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Gardenia erythroclada Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Hman-ni, Hpung-gaya, Mai- kalein, Mai-nak-nin, Thit-yinthe Gardenia hygrophila Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gardenia ixoraefolia R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Zizawa Gardenia lucida Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Shein-kho, Zizawa Gardenia obtusifolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yingat-gale Gardenia sessiliflora Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Magyi-bauk, Mai-nam-nu, Se- kyetsu, Thamin-za-phyu Gardenia sootepensis Hutch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Yingat Gardenia turgida Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Hman-byu, Kalein-byu, Makaton, Thamin-za-ni Geophila reniformis D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Greenea jackii Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Greenea parkinsonii Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Greenea wightiana Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Guettarda speciosa L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Hamelia patens Jacq. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 347 Distribution: Cultivated Hedyotis argentea Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis arguta R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis biflora (L.) Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Hedyotis capitellata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yaung-lon-chan-tha Hedyotis connata Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Hedyotis coronaria (Kurz) Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Hedyotis dimorpha Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis elegans Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedyotis glabra R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Hedyotis glauca W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedyotis lineata Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Hedyotis nitida Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Hedyotis nodiflora Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis ovatifolia Cav. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis philippinensis (Willd. ex Spreng.) Merr. ex C.B. Rob. Cited as: Hedyotis congesta R. Br. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedyotis pinifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Hedyotis prostrata Karth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedyotis scaberula Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Hedyotis scabra Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Hedyotis scandens Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Hedyotis tavoyensis N.P. Balakr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Talaingya Hedyotis tenelliflora Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hedyotis tetrandra (Roxb.) Craib Cited as: Hedyotis macrophylla Wall. ex Wight & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hedyotis uncinella Hook. & Arn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lam. Cited as: Hedyotis hispida Retz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Hedyotis vestita Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kayin, Mandalay Hedyotis wallichii Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Hydnophytum formicarium Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Hymenodictyon flaccidum Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 348 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Cited as: Hymenodictyon excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. ex DC, Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Dumsa-gyaw, Khu-than, Mai- son-pu Hymenopogon parasiticus Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mon Hypobathrum racemosum Kurz Cited as: Petunga roxburghii DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pinle-kyetyo Hyptianthera stricta Wight & Arn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyetyo Indopolysolenia burmanica D.B. Deb & R.C. Rout Habit: Herb/Subshrub Distribution: Kachin Ixora aciculiflora Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora acuminata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar lIxora amherstiensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Ixora amoena Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nat-pan Ixora andamanensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora arborea Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ixora, Ponna-yeik, Torchwood Ixora barbata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Ixora birmahica Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Ixora brandisiana (Kurz) Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ixora brunnescens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora brunonis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Simin Ixora butterwickii Hole Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Ixora capituliflora Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Ixora chinensis Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Ixora coccinea L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Jungle geranium, Pan-zayeik, Pon-na-yeik Ixora compactiflora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ixora congesta Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-zayeik Ixora cuneifolia Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tse-ni-shit-myit Ixora decus-silvae Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Ixora diversifolia Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Ixora eludens Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Yangon Ixora erubescens Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Ixora fulgens Roxb. Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 349 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora glaucina Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi Cited as: [xora fluminalis Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Ixora hymenophylla Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Ixora javanica DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Java, Ponna-yeik Ixora kachinensis D.B. Deb & R.C. Rout Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ixora keenanii Deb & Rout Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ixora kingdon-wardii Bremek. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Ixora lacei Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Ixora lacuum Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Ixora lutea Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ponna-yeik Ixora mandalayensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Ixora maymyensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Ixora meeboldii Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Ixora memecylifolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora merguensis Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora multibracteata Pears. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora myitkyinensis Bremek. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Ixora nigricans Wight & Arn. Cited as: /xora arguta R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Sagwe-gale, Sawkan Ixora oblonga R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ixora obtusiloba Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora opaca R. Br. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ixora orophila Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Ixora ovalifolia Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora parkeri Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Ixora pseudojavanica Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora pubirama Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Ponna-yeik, Sagwe-pan Ixora rangonensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ixora recurva Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ixora rosea K. Schum. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ponna-yeik Ixora roseituba Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Txora rugosula Wall. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 350 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Ixora salwenensis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayah, Kayin, Mon Ixora spectabilis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ixora stricta Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Ixora symphorantha Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ixora tavoyana Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ixora tomentosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Hmethma, Sagwe Ixora tunicata Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Ixora undulata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daukyat-po, Tsahkri Ixora villosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Sagaing Knoxia brachycarpa R. Br. ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Knoxia corymbosa Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Shan Knoxia plantaginea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Lasianthus andamanicus Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Lasianthus biermannii King ex Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lasianthus burmanicus M. Gangopadhyay & T. Chakrabarty Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lasianthus constrictus Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Taninthayi Lasianthus helferi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Lasianthus kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Lasianthus lancifolius Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Lasianthus longicauda Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus longipedunculatus R. Parker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus lowianus King & Gamble Cited as: Lasianthus glaberrimus Ridl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus lucidus Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus meeboldii D.B. Deb & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lasianthus obscurus Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Lasianthus pauciflorus Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus stipularis Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lasianthus wallichii Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Lasianthus wardii Fischer & Kaul Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leptodermis crassifolia Collett & Hemsl. Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 351 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Leptodermis gracilis Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Leptodermis griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Shan Leptodermis wardii Fischer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Luculia gratissima Sw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kywe-no-pan Luculia intermedia Hutch. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Luculia pinceana Hook. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Metadina trichotoma (Zoll. & Moritzi) Bakh. f. Cited as: Adina polycephala Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Meyna peltata Robyns Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Meyna spinosa Roxb. ex Link Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Se-magyi Meyna velutina Robyns Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mitragyna diversifolia Havil. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Binga Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hpang, Htein, Htein-thay, Mai- pyele, Paumiprwah, Sa Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Binga, Hnaw-thein, Labau, Mai-naw, Na-u Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bein-sa Morinda angustifolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Latloot, Nibase-gyi, Nlung, Yeyo Morinda citrifolia L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nibase, Nyagyi Morinda elliptica Ridl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mai-yaw Morinda exserta Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Nyaw Morinda persicaefolia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Nibase-gale Morinda tetrandra Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Morinda tinctoria Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Nibase, Niyo Morinda umbellata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Morinda wallichii Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Morindopsis capillaris Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Mussaenda breviloba S. Moore Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Mussaenda calycina Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gyee-yay, Pan-tu-ywet-tu Mussaenda divaricata Hutch. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 352 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Mussaenda erosa Champ. ex Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mussaenda erythrophylla Schum. & Thonn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pwintu-ywettu-ahni, Red mussaenda Mussaenda flava (Verdc.) Bakh. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pwint-tu-ywet-tu Mussaenda frondosa L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thon-ban-hla, Ywet-hla Mussaenda glabra Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Dolkam, Gumba, Shweban- ngwe, Ywet-hla Mussaenda griffithii Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Mussaenda incana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing, Shan Mussaenda intuspilosa Jayaweera Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mussaenda kingdon-wardii Jayaweera Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mussaenda luteola Delile Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ywet-hla-pan Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Jyula, Pwint-tu-ywet-tu Mussaenda parva Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mussaenda pavettaefolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mussaenda philippica A. Rich. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Mussaenda polyneura King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pan-leikpya Mussaenda roxburghii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Pantu-phettu Mussaenda uniflora Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Mussaenda variolosa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Myet-khan-zat Mussaenda wallichii G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tanatsan, Ywet-hla Mycetia gracilis Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mycetia parishii Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin Mycetia rodgeri D.B. Deb & Mondal Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Myrioneuron angustifolium Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Myrioneuron hirsutum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nauclea brunonis Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nauclea diversifolia Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nauclea griffithii (Hook. f.) Havil. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Thit-thin-gan Nauclea orientalis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Ma-u, Ma-u-gyi, Ma-u-kadon, Prung Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 353 Nauclea sericea Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nauclea sessilifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Htein-kala, Kraikata, Kyaw, Thit-payaung Neonauclea excelsa Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thit-payaung Neonauclea griffithii (Hook.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Thit-thingan Nertera sinensis Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Octotropis terminalis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oldenlandia alata Koen. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Gan-gala Oldenlandia arguta Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Oldenlandia corymbosa L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hingalar Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Cited as: Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Rakhine, Yangon Common Name(s): Ganga-lar, Sula-nahpa Oldenlandia linoides Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oldenlandia nudicaulis Roth Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Oldenlandia parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Oldenlandia ramosa Roxb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiorrhiza calcarata Hook. f. Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiorrhiza erubescens Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiorrhiza fasciculata D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Yana-say-gyi Ophiorrhiza glauco-rosea Drake Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ophiorrhiza gracilis Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Ophiorrhiza harrisiana Heyne Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume Habit: Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiorrhiza lacei Craib Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Ophiorrhiza lauranciana King & Pant. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ophiorrhiza lignosa Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Ophiorrhiza mungos L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mongoose plant, Mway-ba-bin Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ophiorrhiza oppositiflora Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Ophiorrhiza tingens C.B. Clarke ex C.E.C. Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ophiorrhiza trichocarpa Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 354 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ophiorrhiza umbricola W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon Ophiorrhiza wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Oxyceros longiflora (Lam.) T. Yamaz. Cited as: Randia longiflora Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Kywe-gyo Paederia calycina Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Paederia cruddasiana Prain Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Paederia foetida L. Cited as: Paederia tomentosa Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pe-bok-nwe, Stinky opal berry Paederia kerrii Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kayin Paederia lanuginosa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Pe-bok-nwe-hmwe-sok Paederia linearis Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Paederia pilifera Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Naturalized Paederia wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Pe-bok-nwe-hmwe-sok Pavetta amabilis Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta assamica Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta birmahica Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta compactiflora Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta gamblei Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta indica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-hna-pan, Myet-na-myin- gyin, Se-baung-gyan, White pavetta, Za-gwe- pan Pavetta naucleiflora Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Pavetta polyneura Bremek. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pavetta tomentosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Myet-khan-zat Pavetta weberaefolia Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pentas carnea Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Pentas coccinea K. Schum. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Plectronia glabra Benth. & Hook. f. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectronia horrida Benth. & Hook. f. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectronia parvifolia Benth. & Hook. f. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Plectronia tavoyana R. Parker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Prismatomeris albidiflora Thwaites Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyet-yon Prismatomeris parkinsonii Ridley Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psychotria adenophylla Wall. Habit: Shrub Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 355 Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Psychotria angulata Korth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Psychotria bisulcata Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Psychotria burmanica D.B. Deb & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psychotria calderi D.B. Deb & N. Gangopadhyay Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psychotria calocarpa Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nibase Psychotria denticulata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Psychotria divergens Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Psychotria erratica Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Psychotria fulva Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Psychotria helferiana (Stokes) Baill. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi Psychotria maingayi Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Psychotria malayana Jack Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psychotria montana Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Psychotria rhinocerotis Reinw. ex Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyauk-yaw-ga-saybin Psychotria russellii D.B. Deb & M. Gangopadhyay Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Psychotria sarmetosa Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Psychotria sulcata Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Psychotria symplocifolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Psychotria tylophora Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Randia angustissima Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Randia densiflora Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Randia dumetorum Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kaw, Magyi-bauk, Nam-nu, Nbalawi, Se-kyetsu, Se-thanbaya, Sutayet, Thamin-sa Randia exaltata Griff. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Randia fasciculata DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Randia griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Randia hygrophyla Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago Randia klossii Ridl. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Randia schoemannii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Bakh. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Randia siamensis Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Randia tomentosa Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Magyi-bauk Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae 356 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Randia uliginosa DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Hman-phyu Randia uranthera Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Randia urathera Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan, Taninthayi Rennellia speciosa Hook. f. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Taninthayi Rubia angustissima Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Sagaing Rubia cordifolia L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Rubia crassipes Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rubia mandersii Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saprosma consimile Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Saprosma ternatum Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Thwe-bok Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Spathichlamys oblonga R. Parker Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Spermacoce avana R. Br. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spermacoce longicaulis R. Br. ex G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Spermacoce stricta L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi Spiradiclis caespitosa Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Spiradiclis cylindrica Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Stephegyne birmanica Gand. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Tarenna campaniflora (Hook.) Gaertn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Tarennoidea wallichii (Hook. f.) D. Tirvengadum & Sastre Cited as: Randia wallichii Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Katmya Uncaria acida (W. Hunt) Roxb. Cited as: Uncaria ovalifolia Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Uncaria attenuata Korth. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Uncaria laevigata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Uncaria lanosa Wall. Cited as: Uncaria ferrea (Blume) DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Uncaria macrophylla Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Rakhine Uncaria pilosa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyettet, Unku-ju-ru Uncaria sclerophylla Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kadok-kadet Uncaria sessilifructus Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyettet-nwe, Unku-ju-ru Urophyllum biloculare Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Urophyllum glabrum Wall. Dicotyledons: Rubiaceae - Rubiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 357 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Urophyllum longifolium Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Webera campaniflora Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Webera compactiflora Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Webera corymbosa Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Webera glomerifolia Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Webera helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tagyin Webera kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nlung Webera myrtifolia Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Webera odorata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Webera pallida Franch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mandaw-byu Wendlandia burkillii Cowan Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wendlandia glabrata DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ah-she-sing, Taungbyin, Thit- ni, Thitpyu Wendlandia glomerulata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yeyedin Wendlandia grandis (Hook. f.) Cowan Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-saung-taw-gu Wendlandia ligustrina Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Damase-gyi, Kywe-no-pan, Mai-upataga, Maw-kauk-pa, Taw-nibase Wendlandia nitens Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon Wendlandia nobilis Geddes Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay Wendlandia paniculata DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Lonenting, Sagyin, Shaingteng, Thitni, Thit-pway Wendlandia pendula DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Wendlandia puberula DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wendlandia scabra Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Wendlandia speciosa Cowan Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Wendlandia tinctoria DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mai-kao, Shaingteng, Taung- sagyin, Thitni, Yeye-din Wendlandia wallichii Wight & Arn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rutaceae Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Yangon Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bael fruit, Bengal quince, Hpun ja, Kia-bok, Mak-phyn, Okshit Atalantia caudata Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Rutaceae - Rutaceae 358 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Atalantia citrifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Atalantia longispina Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Atalantia monophylla A. DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Shauk-yaing, Taw-shauk, Wild lime Atalantia racemosa Wight & Arn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meissner Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Casimiroa edulis La Llave Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mexican apple, Thu-tabut, White sapote Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Sw. Cited as: Citrus limettioides Tanaka Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Laihpawma, Lawihkri, Lime, Maksun-ting, Shalawi, Shauk-cho, Sweet lime, Thanbaya, Thanbaya-cho Citrus aurantium L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bitter orange, Kabala, Marmalade, Seville orange Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Citrus hystrix DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Shauk-cho, Shauk-nu, Shauk- waing Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Lemon, Than-bayo Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kywe-gaw, Lawihkraco, Pumelo, Shaddock Citrus medica L. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cedrat, Citron, Shauk-thakwa, Taw-shauk Citrus mitis Blanco Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Calamondin, China orange, Pan-leinmaw Citrus paradisi Macfad. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Dat-kywegaw, Grapefruit, Lawi hkaw, Shauk-hka, Shauk-waing Citrus reticulata Blanco Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Kak-sawk, Lawidwi, Lein- hmaw, Loose-skinned orange, Mandarin orange, Shalawi, Tangerine, Tunmapa Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hkun-pa, Lawidwi, Leinmaw, Orange, Sha-lawi, Sweet orange, Tun-mapa Clausena dentata (Willd.) Roem. Cited as: Clausena willdenowii Wight & Ar. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Clausena excavata Burm. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daw-hke, Pyin-daw-thein, Seik-nan Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taw-pyin-daw-thein Clausena macrophylla Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Clausena suffruticosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Clausena wallichii Oliver Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Glycosmis chlorosperma (Blume) Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-shauk Dicotyledons: Rutaceae - Rutaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 359 Glycosmis cochinchinensis (Lour.) Pier. ex Engl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ma-baw Glycosmis macrophylla (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Glycosmis sapindoides Lindl. ex Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Glycosmis mansiana Narayan Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Glycosmis parkinsonii Tanaka Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ma-baw Glycosmis parviflora (Sims) Little Cited as: Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.) Lindley Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Glycosmis pentaphylla Correa Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Maik-talon, Mauk, Obok, Taw- shauk Glycosmis pseudosapindoides Narayan Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) Roem. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Sansph-ka, Thanakha, Thi-ha- yaza Limonia acidissima L. Cited as: Feronia elephantum Correa, Limonia elephantum (Correa) Panigrahi Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Elephant apple, Kwet, Mak- pyen-Sum, Thi, Wood apple Limonia alternans Wall. ex Voigt Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limonia flavicans Wall. ex Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limonia mauritiana Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limonia pubescens Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Luvunga scandens (Roxb.) Ham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Maclurodendron porteri (Hook. f.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Melicope helferi Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thi-phyu Melicope accedens (Blume) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia macrophylla Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthay1 Melicope latifolia (DC.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia latifolia DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Melicope triphylla (Lam.) Merr. Cited as: Euodia triphylla (Lam.) DC. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Rakhine Melicope viticina (Wall. ex Kurz) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia viticina Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Micromelum falcatum (DC.) Tanaka Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Micromelum hirsutum Oliver Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Pyidawthein Micromelum integerrimum Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Micromelum minutum (G. Forst.) Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Micromelum pubescens Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tanyin-bo Murraya elongata A. DC. ex Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Dicotyledons: Rutaceae - Rutaceae 360 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Curry leaf, Kyaung-thwe, Pyindaw-thein Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Box honey bush, Mok-so- ngayok, Taw-ngayok, Yuzana Paramignya grandiflora Oliver Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Paramignya griffithii Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Taw-shauk-nwe Paramignya longispina Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Common Name(s): Taw-shauk-nwe Paramignya monophylla Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Ruta graveolens L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Herb of grace, Rue, Thada- paha, Thaw-ma-le-ta Skimmia arborescens T. Anders. ex Gamble Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Skimmia fortunei Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Skimmia laureola (DC.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Walp. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Skimmia melanocarpa Rehder & Wilson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Skimmia reevesiana Fortune Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Tetradium daniellii (Benn.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia vestita W.W. Sm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Tetradium fraxinifolium (Hook.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia fraxinifolia (Hook.) Benth. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley Cited as: Euodia meliaefolia (Hance ex Walp.) Benth. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kayin Common Name(s): Kin-thabut-gyi, Kyet-maok, Metyun Toddalia aculeata Pers. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Forest pepper, Kyanza, Lopez root, Maik-kat-nwe, Su-hun Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Shint-ma-tet Tractocopevodia burmahica Raiz. & Narayan Habit: Tree, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Triphasia trifolia (Burm. f.) P. Wils. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Magway, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Chy-inbawngla, Jangbawngla, Japanese pepper, Jingbawngla, Lan-salat, Tabu Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Cited as: Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Gawra-kha-nan-nan, Teza-bo Zanthoxylum budrunga Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Chyinbawng, Hmekaung, Jang- bawng, Jingbawng, Kathit-su, Ma-yanin-kyetsu Zanthoxylum connaroides Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum Wall. Cited as: Fagara hamiltoniana (Wall.) Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Zanthoxylum ovalifolium Wight Cited as: Fagara ovalifolia (Wight) Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Rutaceae - Rutaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 361 Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. Cited as: Fagara oxyphylla (Edgew.) Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kathit-pyu Zanthoxylum sapindifolium Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Zanthoxylum scandens Blume Cited as: Fagara scandens (Blume) Engl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Common Name(s): Jinbaung-gala Zanthoxylum spondiaefolium Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sabiaceae Sabia burmanica T.P.M. van de Water Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sabia falcata Chen Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sabia fasciculata Lecomte Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Sabia kachinica Chen Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Sabia lanceolata Colebr. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sabia leptandra Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Sabia limoniacea Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Sabia paniculata Edgew. ex Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kywe-hin-byin Sabia parviflora Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Sabia purpurea Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin Sabia ritchieae Rehd. & Wils. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sabia tomentosa Hook. f. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sabia wardii W.W. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Sabia yunnanensis Franch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salicaceae Populus adenopoda Max. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Populus ciliata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Populus nigra L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Black poplar Salix eriophylla Andersson Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Salix oreinoma C.K. Schneider Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Salix oxycarpa Andersson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Hkamari, Mai-hkai, Mai-keik, Mangrai, Momakha, Tnhlium, Willow, Yene, Ye-thabye Salix wallichiana Andersson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Sabiaceae - Salicaceae 362 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Salvadoraceae Azima sarmentosa Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mo-hnan Azima tetracantha Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mohnan Santalaceae Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Miq. Cited as: Henslowia buxifolia Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Dufrenoya poilanei Stauffer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dufrenoya robusta Stauffer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Henslowia collettii Gamble Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Shan Henslowia granulata Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Henslowia heterantha Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway Common Name(s): Kyibaung, Langbom Henslowia shanensis Gamble Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Shan Henslowia varians Blume Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Osyris wightiana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Zaung-gyan Phacellaria caulescens Hems!}. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Shan Phacellaria compressa Benth. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Mon, Shan Phacellaria malayana Ridl. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Taninthayi Phacellaria rigidula Benth. Habit: Parasitic herb Distribution: Taninthayi Pyrularia edulis A. DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kaduhkakan, Liang-lay Santalum album L. Habit: Parasitic small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mawk-san-ku, Sandalwood, Santagu Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb. Cited as: Scleropyrum wallichianum (Wight & Arn.) Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan Scleropyrum ridleyi Gamble Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Sapindaceae Allophylus aporeticus (Voigt) Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Zaung-gale Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeuschel Cited as: Allophylus racemosus (L.) Radlk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Zaung-gale Allophylus serratus (Roxb.) Radlk. Cited as: Schmidelia serrata DC. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Allophylus subfalcatus Radlk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Allophylus timonensis (DC.) Blume Cited as: Allophylus littoralis Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Allophylus triphyllus (Burm. f.) Merr. Cited as: Allophylus glaber (Roxb.) Radlk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Allophylus villosus (Roxb.) Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Salvadoraceae - Sapindaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 363 Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Arytera littoralis Blume Cited as: Cupania adenophylla Planch. ex Hiern Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Lamu Cardiospermum corindum L. Cited as: Cardiospermum canescens Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Balloon vine, Kala-myetsi Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Balloon vine, Black liquorice, Kala-myetsi-galay, Winter cherry Dimocarpus longan Lour. Cited as: Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Eyeball tree, Ga-naing-gyo, Longan, Taw-kyetmauk, Taw-longan, Tayok- kyetmauk Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Hmaing Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Da-yin-gauk-ywet-thitpin, Fern-leaf tree Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk. Cited as: Cupania fuscidula Kurz, Cupania regularis Blume, Guioa squamosa Radlk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Guioa fuscidula Radlk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Guioa pleuropteris (Blume) Radlk. Cited as: Cupania griffithiana Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Harpullia cupanioides Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tagat-kwedaung Lepisanthes andamanica King Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Lepisanthes erecta (Thwaites) Leenh. Cited as: Sapindus erectus (Thwaites) Hiern Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lepisanthes granulata Radlk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh. Cited as: Erioglossum rubiginosum Blume, Sapindus rubiginosus Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Chyabu, Chyabu-nui, Kinpadi, Mangyi, Seik-chi-hpo, Soapnut Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh. Cited as: Aphania danura Radlk., Aphania rubra Radlk., Sapindus danura Voigt, Sapindus verticillatus (Roxb.) Kurz Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daung-baung Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk. Cited as: Guioa spathulata Fisch., Hemigyrosa canescens Thwaites, Lepisanthes basicardia Radlk., Lepisanthes browniana Hiern, Lepisanthes burmanica Kurz, nom. nud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Kayin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myauk-ngo, Satwi Litchi chinensis Sonn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kyetmauk, Litch, Tayok-zi, Wa-mayar Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk. Cited as: Cupania helferi Hiern, Cupania sumatrana Migq., Mischocarpus fuscescens Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mauk-okshit, Sein-gangaw, Taung-sagaing Mischocarpus sumatranus (Miq.) Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume Cited as: Cupania lessertiana Cambess. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Sapindaceae - Sapindaceae 364 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-kyetmauk Nephelium lappaceum L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetmauk, Rambosteen Nephelium laurinum Blume Cited as: Nephelium rubescens Hiern Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-mauk-yaing Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh. Cited as: Nephelium mutabile Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyetmauk, Rambutan Paranephelium xestophyllum Mig. Cited as: Mildea xestophylla Miq., Paranephelium hystrix W.W. Smith Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daungkhreng, Thawka-apo Pometia pinnata Forst. & Forst. Cited as: Pometia tomentosa Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Paga-nyet-su Sapindus attenuatus Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sapindus rarak DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Kala-kimmun, Kinpadi, Nwapadi, Sinpadi, Soapnut Sapindus ruber Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sapindus saponaria L. Cited as: Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway Common Name(s): Magyi-bauk, Soapnut Sapindus tomentosus Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sapindus trifoliatus L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kinpadi, Soapnut Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ceylon oak, Gyo, Lac tree, Mai-hkao, Mai-kyang, Thakabti, Yun-ha Schleichera trijuga Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Gyo-ma Scyphopetalum ramiflorum Hiern Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Xerospermum laevigatum Radlk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Xerospermum muricatum Radlk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume Cited as: Cupania glabrata Kurz, Xerospermum glabratum (Kurz) Radlk., Xerospermum intermedium Radlk. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetmauk-thein, Mak-hkaw- mi, Taung-kyetmauk, Thit-nyo Zollingeria macrocarpa Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Common Name(s): Hmaing, Wetkyut Sapotaceae Achras zapota L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Sapota, Thagya Bassia villosa Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chrysophyllum cainito L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cainito, Hnin-thagya, West Indian star apple Chrysophyllum roxburghii G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Tha-kya-pin Diploknema butyracea H.J. Lam Dicotyledons: Sapotaceae - Sapotaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 365 Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay Common Name(s): Indian butter tree, Pauktu Isonandra polyantha Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Madhuca caloneura H.J. Lam Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Madhuca latifolia (Roxb.) Macbride Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Mandalay Common Name(s): Mahuya Madhuca lobbii (C.B. Clarke) H.J. Lam Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ye-meze Madhuca longifolia (Koen.) Macbride Habit: Tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanzaw, Mabua butter tree, Meze, Mowra butter tree, Myitzu-thaka-natpan, Ta-laing-gaung Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khayay Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Khayay-yaing Manilkara littoralis (Kurz) Dubard Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bulletwood, Katpali-thit, Pinle- mohwa, Thit-ni Mimusops elengi L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Khayay, Star flower tree, Thitcho-khaya Mimusops hexandra Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mimusops kauki L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mimusops laevis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mimusops parvifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Palaquium helferi (C.B. Clarke) Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Palaquium obovatum (Griff.) Engl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthay1 Common Name(s): Pinle-byin Palaquium polyanthum Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Peinne-bo Palaquium sukoei Fischer Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pinlebyin-ani Payena griffithii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Payena leerii Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Payena lucida (G. Don) DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Payena oleifera Watt. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanzwe Payena paralleloneura Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myatzu, Pesin-swe, Zeinzwe Pouteria grandifolia (Wall.) Baehni Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pouteria tomentosa (Roxb.) Baehni Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mai-wan, Thitcho Sarcosperma arboreum Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ondon, Tawgyi-thitya Sarcosperma kachinense King & Pantling Habit: Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Sideroxylon assamicum C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Sapotaceae - Sapotaceae 366 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thitcho Sideroxylon burmanicum Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Thayet-cho, Thit-cho Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook. & Arn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Sideroxylon grandifolium Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Thu-ta-bat Sideroxylon longepetiolatum King & Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Rakhine, Taninthayi Sideroxylon nervosum Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Xantolis burmanica (Collett & Hemsl.) P. Royen Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Taw-kaya, Thitcho Xantolis tomentosa Raf. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Thayet-cho Saururaceae Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Saxifragaceae Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Astilbe rubra Hook. f. & Thomson ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternberg Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Natsei-gamon Bergenia ligulata (Wall.) Engl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Bergenia purpurascens (Hook. f. & Thomson) Engl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chrysosplenium davidianum Decne. ex Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chrysosplenium forestii Diels Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Chrysosplenium griffithii Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Chrysosplenium nepalense D, Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Rodgersia aesculifolia Batalin Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rodgersia pinnata Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga anisophylla H. Smith Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Saxifraga brachypoda D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga brunonis Wall. ex Seringe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga burmensis Harry Sm. & B.M. Wadhwa Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Saxifraga calopetala H. Smith Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Saxifraga diversifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Saxifraga filifolia Anthony Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga flagellaris Willd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Saxifraga heteroclada H. Smith Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Saururaceae - Saxifragaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 367 Distribution: Wide Saxifraga hispidula D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga kermodei H. Smith & B.M. Wadhwa Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga kingdonii C. Marquand Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga likiangensis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga llonakhensis W.W. Sm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga nigroglandulosa Eng]. & Irmscher Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga rufescens Balf. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Saxifraga sarmentosa L. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Strawberry geranium Saxifraga smithiana Irmsch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga strigosa Wall. ex Seringe Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga subaequifoliata Irmsch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga tsangchanensis Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Saxifraga virgularis H. Smith Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Saxifraga wallichiana Sternberg Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tiarella polyphylla D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schisandraceae Kadsura calophylla A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Kadsura coccinea (Lemaire) A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Kadsura interior A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schisandra gracilis A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schisandra micrantha A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schisandra neglecta A.C. Sm. Habit: Climber Distribution: Wide Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schisandra rubriflora Rehd. & Wils. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Scrophulariaceae Adenosma caerulea R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Adenosma indiana (Lour.) Merr. Cited as: Adenosma capitata (Benth.) Benth. ex Hance Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mandalay Adenosma macrophyllum Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady Adenosma microcephalum Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Aeginetia indica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kauk--hlaing-ti Aeginetia pedunculata Wall. Dicotyledons: Schisandraceae - Scrophulariaceae 368 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kauk-hlaing-te Angelonia cornigera Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Kala-dawna, Ye-hmwe-pan Angelonia gardneri Hook. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Angelonia grandiflora C. Morr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kin-sone-pan Antirrhinum majus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kya-pazat, Snapdragon Artanema longifolium (L.) Vatke Cited as: Artanema angustifolium Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Byone-hmwe, Thyme-leaved gratiola, Ye-myin-hkwa Bonnaya antipoda Druce Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Bonnaya reptans (Roxb.) Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Bonnaya tenuifolia Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Brandisia discolor Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Buchnera cruciata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Shan Buchnera tetrasticha Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon Calceolaria mexicana Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Celsia coromandeliana Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Pade-gaw-gyi-nwe Centranthera aurata (Bonat!) Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Centranthera brunoniana Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Centranthera grandiflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Centranthera humifusa Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Centranthera indica (L.) Gamble Cited as: Centranthera hispida R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Chelone barbata Cav. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Thu-zi-ta-pan Christisonia rodgeri W.W. Sm. & Banerji Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cyrtandromoea grandiflora C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Cyrtandromoea subsessilis (Miq.) B.L. Burtt Cited as: Cyrtandromoea cymulosa C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Grecian foxglove, Woolly foxglove Digitalis purpurea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Common foxglove, Tila-pup- hpi Dopatrium junceum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Ngakhu-nakhan-hnwe, Sagalay-che-dauk Euphrasia kingdon-wardii Pugsley Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Hemiphragma heterophyllum (Wall.) Janchen Dicotyledons: Scrophulariaceae - Scrophulariaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 369 Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Shan Ilysanthes parviflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ilysanthes ruelleodes Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Kickxia ramosissima (Wall.) Janchen Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Kyaung-pazat Limnophila balsamea Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Limnophila cana Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Ye-thayet-kin Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. Cited as: Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr., Limnophila hirsuta (Heyne ex Benth.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Yangon Limnophila connata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Hand.-Mazz. Cited as: Limnophila hypericifolia (Benth.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Limnophila diffusa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Limnophila erecta Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Limnophila helferi Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Limnophila indica (L.) Druce Cited as: Limnophila racemosa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Common Name(s): Kanyut Limnophila laxa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Limnophila micrantha (Benth.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Limnophila polyantha Kurz ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Limnophila pygmaea Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Limnophila repens (Benth.) Benth. Cited as: Limnophila conferta (Benth.) Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pan-ywet-pya Limnophila rugosa (Heyne ex Roth) Merr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Linaria ramosissima Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Lindenbergia grandiflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Lindenbergia indica (L.) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Taninthayi, Yangon Lindenbergia melvillei S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindenbergia philippinensis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Lindenbergia ruderalis (Vahl) Kuntze Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan, Yangon Lindernia anagallis (N.L. Br.) Pennell Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Lindernia angustifolia Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston Cited as: Bonnaya veronicifolia (Retz.) Spreng. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Yangon Lindernia brachiata (Link & Otto) Biswas Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Lindernia ciliata (Colsmann) Pennell Dicotyledons: Scrophulariaceae - Scrophulariaceae 370 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cited as: Bonnaya brachiata Link & Otto Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Lindernia cordifolia (Colsmann) Hochr. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Lindernia crustacea F. Muell. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Lindernia elata (Benth.) Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia hyssopoides (L.) Haines Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Lindernia latifolia (Blume) Koorders Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia mollis (Benth.) Wettst. Cited as: Vandellia mollis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia molluginoides (Benth.) Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia nummulariifolia (D. Don) Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia pedunculata Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia procumbens (Krocker) Borbas Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia punctata (Prain) Mukerjee Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Lindernia ruelloides (Colsmann) Pennell Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia scabra Wettst. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia tenuifolia (Colsmann) Alston Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Lindernia viscosa (Hornem.) Boldingh Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis Cited as: Mazus rugosus Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Micrargeria wightii Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Microcarpaea minima (Koenig ex Retz.) Merr. Cited as: Microcarpaea muscosa R. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Mimulus nepalensis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Mimulus orbicularis Wall. ex Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Mimulus strictus Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Kya-thit-mai Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis atra Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis aurata (Bonati) Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis birmanica Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis brachychila Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis collettii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis comptoniaefolia Franch. ex Maxim. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis corymbosa Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Mandalay Pedicularis davidi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Dicotyledons: Scrophulariaceae - Scrophulariaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 371 Pedicularis diffusa Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis elwesii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis fischeri Tsoong Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis flexuosa Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Pedicularis gracilis Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis laktangensis Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis lanceifolia Tsoong Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis megalochila Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis monbeigiana Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis multicaulis Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis myriantha Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis nana Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis nobilis Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis pantlingii Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis petrophila Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis pseudo-atra Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis pseudo-heydei Tsoong Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis rex C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Pedicularis reynieri Bonati Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis rotundifolia Fischer Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Pedicularis stenophylla Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pedicularis viali Franch. ex Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Penstemon barbatus Roth Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Phtheirospermum parishii Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Saung-may-ga Russelia coccinea Wettst. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Russelia equisitiformis Cham. & Schlecht. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Russelia juncea Zucc. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Scoparia dulcis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Dana-thuka, Sweet broom, Thagya-bin Scrophularia birmanica Li Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Scrophularia delavayi Franch. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Scrophularia urticifolia Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Scrophulariaceae - Scrophulariaceae 372 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Sopubia stricta G. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Mon, Yangon Sopubia trifida Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Stemodia balsamea Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemodia capitata Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemodia diffusa Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemodia gratioloides Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemodia macrostachya Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stemodia tenuiflora Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution; Reported from Myanmar Striga lutea Lour. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pwin-byu, Thagya-laung-ni Striga masruia Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Striga trifida Buch.-Ham. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Torenia arracanensis Hort. ex Paxton Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Torenia asiatica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Torenia flava Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Torenia fournieri Linden ex Fourn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Kya-pazat-gale, Torenia Torenia mucronulata Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Torenia parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Torenia peduncularis Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Kachin Treisteria lanceolata Griff. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia cerastoides Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia elata Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia erecta Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia hirsuta Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia hookeri C.B. Clarke ex Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia molluginoides Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vandellia punctata Prain Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Veronica cana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Veronica himalensis D. Don Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Veronica szechuanica Batalin Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Wightia alpinii Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Wightia gigantea Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing Wightia lacei Craib Habit: Tree Dicotyledons: Scrophulariaceae - Scrophulariaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 373 Distribution: Kachin, Mon Wightia speciosissima (D. Don) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Rakhine, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nat-letwa Simaroubaceae Ailanthus kurzii Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): O-dein Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Cited as: Brucea amarissima Desv. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Brucea mollis Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Mandalay, Taninthayi Eurycoma longifolia Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bittu bark Harrisonia brownii A. Juss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay Harrisonia perforata Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-hki, Mai-si, Sugyin, Tabu Picrasma andamanica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Picrasma javanica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Taung-kamaka Quassia amara L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Min-thawka, Quassia Samadera indica Gaertn. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bitterwood, Kathe, Neepa bark, Theban Samadera lucida Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kathe Solanaceae Atropa belladona L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Belladonna Brunfelsia undulata Sw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Mibaya-pan, Ye-hmwe-pan Capsicum annuum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Capsicum, Cayenne pepper, Chili, Ngayok, Red pepper Capsicum frutescens L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bird pepper, Ma-phyit, Nga- rook-thee, Ngayok, Sa-gai-tha Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cestrum nocturnum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nya-hmwe-pan, Queen of the night, Saung-taw-ku Datura arborea L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Datura metel L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Horn of plenty, Pa-daing-byu, Pa-daing-khata, Pa-daing-ni, Thorn apple Datura stramonium L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Padaing-khat-ta, Padaing-nyo, Stramonium, Thorn apple Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Angel's trumpet, Padaing Hyoscyamus niger L. Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Simaroubaceae - Solanaceae 374 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Henbane, Samon-nan-tha Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter Cited as: Solanum biflorum Lour. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cited as: Lycopersicum lycopersicum (L.) Karsten Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kha-ran-chine, Khayan-gyin, Ma-khay-sut, Ta-gaw-lay, Tomato Mandragora caulescens C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Apple of Peru Nicotiana alata Link & Otto Cited as: Nicotiana affinis S. Moore Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Jasmine tobacco, Saypanbin Nicotiana rustica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Say, Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Say, Say-ywet-gyi, Tobacco Petunia hybrida Hort. ex Vilm. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden petunia, Hne-pan, Ngwe-tawda Petunia violacea Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Alu-pan Physalis minima L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Bauk-pin, Pon-pon, Wild gooseberry Physalis peruviana L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cape gooseberry, Hpaung- hpaung-thi, Kala-myetsi-pinzauk-gyi, Peruvian winter cherry, Tipari Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Cited as: Solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Solanum americanum L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Solanum barbisetum Nees Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Solanum betaceum Cav. Cited as: Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Sin-hkayan-gyin, Tree tomato Solanum crinitum Lam. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Solanum dulcamara L. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Aung-malay-pan, Hkwa-nyo Solanum erianthum D. Don Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Daung-satpya Solanum ferox L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nbabawk, Sin-hkayan, Sin- kadi, Tarabi Solanum indicum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Hkanjawi, Kaju, Kazaw-kha, Khayan-kazaw Solanum mammosum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Solanum melongena L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Brinjal, Eggplant, Khayan, Khayan-sat, Litnga-shaba, Mak-Hku, Shaba, Ta- gau Solanum nigrum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Baung-laung-nyo, Black nightshade Solanum pseudocapsicum L. Cited as: Solanum capsicastrum Link ex Schauer Dicotyledons: Solanaceae - Solanaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 375 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Jerusalem cherry, Pan-ngayok, Winter cherry Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Solanum spirale Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Solanum torvum Sw. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Hkawhkam-kaju, Kazaw-kha, Magwikaju, Mai-mak-hku-sum, Myobyet- khayan Solanum trilobatum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Mye-bok-hkayan Solanum tuberosum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ah-lu, Ahr-lu, A-lu, Ar-loo, Potato Solanum viarum Dun. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Solanum virginianum L. Cited as: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Sagaing Common Name(s): Mye-bok-hkayan Solanum wrightii Benth. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Streptosolen jamesonii Miers Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Fire bush Withania somnifera Dunal Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway, Sagaing Common Name(s): Dahat-tha-gaing Sphenocleaceae Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Stachyuraceae Stachyurus coaetaneus Chatterjee Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Stachyurus cordatula Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Stachyurus himalaicus Hook. f. & Thomson Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayin Staphyleaceae Turpinia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daukya-ma, Lahkra-la, Sat- tamane, Taukshama, Taw-petsut Turpinia nepalensis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Sterculiaceae Abroma augusta (L.) L. f. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Devil's cotton, Mway-ma- naing, Mway-say, Mway-seik-phay-pin, Nga-be, Ulat-kam-bala Brachychiton acerifolius (Cunn. ex G. Don) Macarthur Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Flame tree Byttneria andamanensis Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thayaw Byttneria crenulata Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Byttneria grandifolia DC. Cited as: Byttneria aspera Colebr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Taninthayi Byttneria integrifolia Lace Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Shan Common Name(s): Ru-niau-ru Byttneria pilosa Roxb. Dicotyledons: Sphenocleaceae - Sterculiaceae 376 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Flame tree, Satle-pyat, Sha- dau-ru, Shan-dau-ru, Tat-ta-ya-nwe, Taw-tha- byet Dombeya acutangula Cav. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dombeya burgessiae Gerrard ex Harv. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Dombeya spectabilis Bojer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Eriolaena candollei Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dwani, Salmon wood, Swani, Tayaw-ywet-waing Eriolaena kurzii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine Eriolaena spectabilis Planch. ex Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Eriolaena wallichii DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Firmiana colorata (Roxb.) R. Br. Cited as: Erythropsis colorata (Roxb.) Burkill, Sterculia colorata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Gup-chyu, Gupju, Gupju-hta, Mai-paw-che, Taushaw, Wet-shaw Firmiana fulgens (Wall. ex Mast.) Corner Cited as: Erythropsis fulgens Rid. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Cited as: Guazuma tomentosa H.B.K. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Helicteres angustifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Helicteres elongata Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Pi-hkum, Tayaw-nyo Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Cited as: Helicteres spicata Colebr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Sega-gyi Helicteres isora L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): East Indian screw tree, Thunge- che, Tingkyut Helicteres lanata (Teyjsm. & Binn.) Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Helicteres plebeja Kurz Cited as: Helicteres glabriuscula Wall., nom. nud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine Common Name(s): Dawnhka Helicteres viscida Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Heritiera burmensis Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Heritiera fomes Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Kanazo, Pinle-kanazo, Ye- kanazo Heritiera javanica (Blume) Kosterm. Cited as: Tarrietia javanica Blume Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kanzo Heritiera littoralis Dryand. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady Common Name(s): Pinle-kanazo Kleinhovia hospita L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pashu-phet-wun Leptonychia caudata (Wall. ex G. Don) Burret Cited as: Leptonychia glabra Turez. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Mansonia gagei J.R. Drumm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Bastard sandalwood, Kala-met Melhania hamiltoniana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Sterculiaceae - Sterculiaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 377 Melochia corchorifolia L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Pilaw, Pilaw-akyi Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf Cited as: Melochia arborea Blanco, Melochia indica A. Gray Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Pilaw-bin Paradombeya burmanica Stapf Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Tayaw-ywet-the Paradombeya multiflora Gamble Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Tayaw-ywet-the Pentapetes phoenicea L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Le-khaung-yan Pterocymbium macranthum Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Magwinapa, Sinna, Taung- phet-wun, Taw-kalamet Pterospermum aceroides Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pterospermum cinnamomeum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pterospermum fuscum Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Pterospermum jackianum Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Nwa-ba-byin, Taung-nyin-gyi Pterospermum javanicum Jungh. Cited as: Pterospermum blumeanum Korth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Nwa-labyin Pterospermum lanceifolium Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-nagye Pterospermum reticulatum Wight & Arn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Pterospermum semisagittatum Buch.-Ham. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-ham-hpan, Nagye, Ngaba nahk, Nwa-labyin, Top-la Pterospermum suberifolium (L.) Willd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Haron, Letkok, Sin-kadet, Taung-letkok Reevesia pubescens Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin Reevesia siamensis Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Reevesia tomentosa Li Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Scaphium scaphigerum (G. Don) Guibort Cited as: Sterculia scaphigera Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mohbin, Shaw, Taung-thin-baw Sterculia angustifolia Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Mainma-shaw, Shaw Sterculia balanghas L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sterculia coccinea Jack Cited as: Sterculia laevis Wall., Sterculia lanceolata Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyait, Makai, Shaw-ah Sterculia cognata Prain Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Sterculia foetida L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kayah, Kayin, Mandalay, Yangon Dicotyledons: Sterculiaceae - Sterculiaceae 378 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Kadung-hta, Khau-rang, Letkok, Letpan-shaw, Shaw-byu, Shaw-wah Sterculia guttata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Sterculia harmandii Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sterculia hypochra Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Sterculia lanceifolia Roxb. Cited as: Sterculia roxburghii Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Makai Sterculia linguifolia Mast. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Sterculia macrophylla Vent. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Sterculia ornata Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Don-shaw, Hta-gahta-kahta, Pen-leng, Shaw-ket, Shaw-prwah, Shaw-wa Sterculia parviflora Roxb. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Sterculia principis Gagnep. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Taninthayi, Yangon Sterculia striatiflora Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Sterculia urens Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Gulu, Shaw Sterculia versicolor Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine Common Name(s): Paw-hpuk, Shaw-phyu Sterculia villosa Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Hta-gahta-kahta, Khaw-wen, Paw-leng, Shaw-haw, Shaw-ni Theobroma cacao L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cacao, Kokoe Waltheria indica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Bauk-hpyaw, Bauk-hpyu, Bauk-mya, Khwe-tayaw, Sinni Stylidiaceae Stylidium kunthii Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Stylidium tenellum Sw. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Styracaceae Bruinsmia polysperma (C.B. Clarke) Steenis Cited as: Styrax polysperma C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Parastyrax burmanicus W.W. Smith Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Parastyrax lacei W.W. Smith Cited as: Styrax lacei W.W. Smith Habit: Shrub Distribution: Sagaing Common Name(s): Nanhnin Pterostyrax burmanicus W.W. Smith & Farrer Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Styrax benzoides Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Styrax benzoin Dryand. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Benzoin tree, Ketku-gamyin Styrax biaristatus W.W. Smith Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Styrax buchananii W.W. Smith Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Styrax grandiflorum Griff. Dicotyledons: Stylidiaceae - Styracaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 379 Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Ke-chingpaw-hpun-praw, Ke- yawyin-amilasi Styrax hookeri C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Styrax perkinsiae Rehder Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Styrax ridleyi Perk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Styrax rugosum Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Khon, Pan-hmauk, Taung-ne- kauk Styrax serrulatum Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kasu, Makame, Sumlang, Thayet-thamon Styrax shweliensis W.W. Smith Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Styrax suberifolius Hook. & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Styrax veitchiorum Hemsl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Styrax virgatum Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine Symplocaceae Symplocos araioura Merr. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos attenuata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos buchananii W.W. Sm. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Symplocos caudata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Taninthayi Symplocos cochinchinensis Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos confusa Brandis Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos crataegoides Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Daukyat, Makauk-gale Symplocos delavayi Brandis Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos dryophila C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos ferruginea Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Symplocos glomerata King Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Symplocos khasiana Brandis Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Symplocos leiostachya Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thinbyu Symplocos leucantha Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon Common Name(s): Thale Symplocos lucida Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos microphylla Wight Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos oxyphylla Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin Symplocos pealii King ex Das Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos pedicellata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Symplocos phyllocalyx C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin Dicotyledons: Symplocaceae - Symplocaceae 380 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Symplocos pochinii Fischer Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago Symplocos polycarpa Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Dauk-yut, Mwet-kang, Nle- prangkau, Pya Symplocos ramosissima Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin Symplocos ridleyana Perk. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos rigida Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos serrulatum Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kasu Symplocos sorbida Guill. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Symplocos sordida Guill. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos spectabilis Brandis Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Shan Symplocos spicata Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): U-nwe Symplocos subintegra Chatterjee Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos sukoei Fisch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Symplocos sulcata Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Tawgyi-thitkauk Symplocos theaefolia D. Don Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symplocos viridissima Brand Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Tamaricaceae Tamarix dioica Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Byaing-chedauk, Gyogyi Tamarix gallica L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Momaka, Saingsa Tetracentraceae Tetracentron sinense Oliv. Habit: Climber Distribution: Kachin Theaceae Adinandra gallatlyi R.N. Paul Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Adinandra integerrima T. Anderson Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Adinandra villosa Choisy Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Anneslea fragrans Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Gangawlwe, Mai-mupi, Meiktun, Ngal-hjyang, Pan-ma, Taung-ganaw Anneslea monticola Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon Camellia assimilis Champ. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Shan Camellia caudata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayah, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Hpalap, Laphet, Neng Camellia costei Lev. Dicotyledons: Tamaricaceae - Theaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 381 Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin Distribution: Kachin, Mon Eurya stenophylla Merr Camellia drupifera Lour. Habit: Shrub Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Sagaing Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Magway, Shan, Eurya urophylla Kobuski Taninthayi Habit: Small tree Common Name(s): Hpalap, Lapet, Laphet, Neng Distribution: Kachin Camellia irrawadiensis (Barua) Kingdon Ward Eurva wardii Kobuski Habit: Small tree Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Distribution: Kachin Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Gordonia anomala Spren Habit: Small tree Habit: Tree “Ns Distribution: Cultivated Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Laphet, Tea, Tea of China Common Name(s): Maleim. Pun Camellia stenophylla Kobuski Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietr. Habit: Small tree Habit: Tree Distribution: Sagaing Distribution: Kachin Camellia wardii Kobuski Gordonia chrysandra Cowan Habit: Small tree Habit: Tree Distribution: Cultivated Distribution: Kachin Cleyera ochnacea DC. Pyrenaria attenuata Blume Habit: Small tree Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Distribution: Rakhine Eurya acuminata DC. Pyrenaria burmanica T.K. Paul & M.P. Nayar Habit: Small tree Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Mon, Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Hpunsi, Laphet-ywet-nge, Shing-ling, Taw-laphet Pyrenaria camelliaeflora Kurz Habit: Small tree Eurya cavinervis Vesq. Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Kayin, Mon Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Eurya cerasifolia (D. Don) Kobuski Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Pyrenaria diospyricarpa Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Pyrenaria kunstleri King Habit: Small tree ; ; Distribution: Taninthayi Eurya chinensis R. Br. istribution: Taninthayi Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Pyrenaria serrata Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine Eurya groffii M or Common Name(s): Daukyat it: Distribution: Kayin Schima argentea E. Pritz. : . Habit: Tree aury 4g handeliana Kobuski Distribution: Kachin : Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Schima khasiana Dyer . . Habit: Tree Eurya japonica Thunb. Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan : ma . . C N : Laukya, Mai-mu-pi, M Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Chin, Kachin, Mon, omimen jame(s) aukya, Mai-mu-p1, Masa Taninthayi Schima mollis Dyer Habit: Tree Common Name(s): Taung-laphet, Taw-laphet Distribution: Taninthayi Eurya nitida Hieron. Habit: Shrub Schima monticola Kurz Dicotyledons: Theaceae - Theaceae 382 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Schima oblata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Cited as: Schima noronhae Reinw. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mandalay, Rakhine, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Laukya, Laukya-byu, Mai- song, Masa, Meiksong, Pan-ma, Thitya-byu, Thityah, Thitya-ni Sladenia celastrifolia Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Ternstroemia bancana Miq. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Ternstroemia japonica Thunb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Taung-kan Ternstroemia penangiana Choisy Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Taung-bok, Taung-put Tutcheria microcarpa Dunn Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Thymelaeaceae Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Akyaw, Alloe-wood, Eagle- wood, Klaw, Thit-hmwe Daphne cannabina Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Sele Daphne composita Gilg Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Daphne involucrata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mon, Taninthayi Daphne papyracea Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin Daphne pendula Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meissn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Edgeworthia longipes Lace Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Edgeworthia tomentosa Nakai Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Linostoma decandrum Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Mahaga, Yagan Linostoma pauciflorum Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Linostoma scandens Kurz Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Mon, Shan, Taninthayi Wikstroemia candolleana Meissn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Wikstroemia canescens Meissn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Wikstroemia floribunda Merr. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin Wikstroemia indica C.A. Mey. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan, Taninthayi Tiliaceae Berrya ammonilla Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Common Name(s): Mai-long, Mai-tonghu, Petwun, Trincomalee wood Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Shan Dicotyledons: Thymelaeaceae - Tiliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 383 Berrya mollis Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-long, Mai-tonghu, Petwun Brownlowia elata Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Brownlowia helferiana Pierre Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Brownlowia macrophylla King Cited as: Brownlowia meeboldii Burr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm. Cited as: Brownlowia lanceolata Benth. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine, Taninthayi Burretiodendron siamense Kosterm. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Colona flagrocarpa (C.B. Clarke ex Brandis) Craib Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Colona floribunda (Kurz) Craib Cited as: Columbia floribunda Wall., non Naves Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Magan, Pet-shat, Pet-waing, Phet-shat, Phet-waing Colona merguensis (Planch. ex Mast.) Burret Cited as: Columbia merguensis Planch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Corchorus aestuans L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Gon-shaw, Pilaw-hka, Pilaw- yin Corchorus capsularis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Cho-pee-law, Gon-shaw, Pilaw, Pilaw-yin, White jute Corchorus fascicularis Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Khwe-pilaw, Pilaw-thon-lon- byut, White jute Corchorus olitorius L. Cited as: Corchorus trilocularis L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gon-shaw, Jew's mallow, Jute, Pee-la-ka, Pilaw-apo, Pilaw-chun, Pilaw-kha, Pilaw-thon-lon-byut Corchorus urticifolius Wight & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia abutilifolia Vent. ex Juss. Cited as: Grewia aspera Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Yangon Common Name(s): Pet-ok, Sinma-mo-phyin, Tayaw-ah, Yaw Grewia acuminata Juss. Cited as: Grewia scabrida Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thayaw Grewia asiatica L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia damine Gaertn. Habit: Tree, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia denticulata Wall. ex Prain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia eriocarpa Juss. Cited as: Grewia elastica Royle, Grewia elatostemoides Collett & Hemsl., Grewia vestita Wall. ex Brandis Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Matang, Pin-tayaw Grewia excelsa Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia glabra Blume, non Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Balu-shaw, Bulaw-shaw, Kyet- tayaw, Taung-ngayok, Tayaw-nyo, Yaw Grewia helicterifolia Wall. ex G. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia hirsuta Vahl Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Kyet-tayaw, Tayaw Grewia humilis Wall. ex G. Don Dicotyledons: Tiliaceae - Tiliaceae 384 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Khwe-tayaw, Kyet-tayaw, Yahkum Grewia lacei J.R. Drumm. ex Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Grewia laevigata Vahl Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-tayaw, Tayaw-nyo, Yaw Grewia microstemma Wall. ex Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Rakhine Grewia multiflora Juss. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia paniculata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia rothii DC. Cited as: Grewia polygama Roxb. ex Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Tayaw Grewia sapida Roxb. ex DC. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Prang-mahkaw Grewia sclerophylla Roxb. ex G. Don Cited as: Grewia scabrophylla Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Phet-shat Grewia serrulata DC. Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia subinaequalis DC. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia tiliifolia Vahl Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pin-ta-yaw, Ta-yaw Grewia tomentosa Juss. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Grewia umbellata Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Microcos calophylla (Kurz ex Mast.) Burret Cited as: Grewia calophylla Kurz ex Mast. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthay1 Common Name(s): Mayanbo Microcos paniculata L. Cited as: Grewia microcos L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Myat-ya, Mya-yar, Myin- kahpan, Ye-mya-yar Microcos sinuata (Wall. ex Mast.) Burret Cited as: Grewia sinuata Wall. ex Mast. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Muntingia calabura L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hnget-thagya, Strawberry tree Pentace burmanica Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kashit, Kathi-ka, Pan-thitya, Saitka, Takothet, Thethet, Thitk Pentace griffithii King Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Thitka-le, Thit-sho, Ye-hmyoke Triumfetta annua L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Katsine Triumfetta bartramia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Burrbush, Katsine-galay Triumfetta glabra Roth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Triumfetta pilosa Roth Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay Common Name(s): Burrbush, Katsine-galay Triumfetta rotundifolia Lam. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Karsine-gale Dicotyledons: Tiliaceae - Tiliaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 385 Trapaceae Trapa natans L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden nasturtium, Taung-kya- gale, Wood sorrel Turneraceae Turnera ulmifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Eight o'clock flower, Shit-nar- yi-pan Ulmaceae Celtis australis L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Nettle tree, Satsha, Stinkwood Celtis cerasifera C.K. Schneider Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Celtis cinnamomea Lindl. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kabaung Celtis hamiltonii Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Celtis mollis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Celtis tetrandra Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Thit-pok Gironniera burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Gironniera cuspidata Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Gironniera longifolia Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Gironniera lucida Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Taninthayi Gironniera nervosa Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Gironniera reticulata Thwaites Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Gironniera subaequalis Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Indian elm, Myauk-seik, Pyauk-seik Trema orientalis (L.) Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kywe-sa, Satsha Trema politoria Planch. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Petsat Trema timorensis Blume Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Trema tomentosa (Roxb.) Hara Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Kywe-sa, Satsha Ulmus lancifolia Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Burmese elm, Le-bwe, Shone, Tha-le, Thit-kauk-hnyin Ulmus wilsoniana Schn. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Urticaceae Boehmeria chiangmaiensis T. Yahara Habit: Herb Dicotyledons: Trapaceae - Urticaceae 386 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & Arn. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Boehmeria didymogyne Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Boehmeria hamiltoniana Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kya-sha, Sat-sha Boehmeria helferi Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi Boehmeria kurzii Hook. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin Boehmeria macrophylla D. Don Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Boehmeria malabarica Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Rakhine Common Name(s): Sat-sha Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ban, China grass, Gon, Kya- sha, Lashen, Ramie Boehmeria platyphylla D. Don Cited as: Boehmeria sidifolia Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Khwe-tayaw, Sat-sha Boehmeria polystachya Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon Boehmeria rugulosa Wedd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Debregeasia longifolia Wedd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Chyet-kyi-dauk, Hka-numri, Ling-shi-ting, Put-chaw, Wild rhea, Ye-tha-kwa Debregeasia squamata King Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi Debregeasia wallichiana Wedd. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Dendrocnide basirotunda (C.Y. Wu) Chew Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f.) Chew Cited as: Laportea stimulans (L. f.) Miq. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Distemon indicum Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Sagaing Elatostema acuminatum Brongn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kayin Elatostema bulbiferum Kurz Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Elatostema cuneatum Wight Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Elatostema imbricans Dun. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Elatostema integrifolium Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Sagaing Elatostema latifolium (Blume) H. Schrot. Cited as: Pellionia helferiana Wedd., Pellionia javanica (Wedd.) Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Kayin, Taninthayi Elatostema monandra (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Hara Habit: Herb, Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Elatostema procridioides Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f. Cited as: Pellionia daveauana N.E. Br. Habit: Herb Distribution: Bago Elatostema sessile Forst. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Shan Girardinia heterophylla Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Gwi-lakajawng, Petya, Petya- gyi, Sin-petya Girardinia palmata (Forssk.) Gaud. Dicotyledons: Urticaceae - Urticaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 387 Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Girardinia zeylanica Decne. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Petya Laportea crenulata Gaud. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Devil's nettle, Fever nettle, Petya-gyi, Tinya Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew Cited as: Fleurya interrupta (L.) Wight Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Shan, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyet-phet-yar, Phet-yar-pho Maoutia puya Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Sat-sha Oreocnide frutescens Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Obok Oreocnide integrifolia Gaud. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing, Taninthayi Oreocnide sylvatica Miq. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Pellionia bulbifera Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon Pellionia burmanica Hook. f. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Pellionia griffithiana Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin Phenax sonneratii (Poir.) Wedd. Habit: Herb Distribution: Taninthayi Pilea smilacifolia Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing Pouzolzia hirta Hassk. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Pouzolzia indica Gaud. Habit: Herb Distribution: Yangon Pouzolzia pentandra Benn. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mandalay, Taninthayi Pouzolzia viminea Wedd. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Taninthayi Procris wightiana Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin, Shan Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Gaud. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Sagaing, Yangon Common Name(s): Hka-mari, Sat-sha Valerianaceae Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Indian spikenard, Kanbalu, Musk root, Zatamanthi Valeriana wallichii DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Shan Common Name(s): Kanpalu Verbenaceae Callicarpa arborea Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Yangon Callicarpa longifolia Lam. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Pebok, Sepauk Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan Common Name(s): Pebok-gale-ahpyu, Sigyi Callicarpa reevesii Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Callicarpa rubella Lindl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Daung-sat-pya, Kun-yayo, Le- pwe Callicarpa tomentosa Murr. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Sagaing Dicotyledons: Valerianaceae - Verbenaceae 388 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Daung-satpya, Kyun-nalin, Lahkylk, Mai-hpa, Mai-put, Makpa, Nakeching, Pebok, Sigyi, Tawngto-nao Caryopteris foetida Thell. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Caryopteris grata Benth. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Sagaing Caryopteris paniculata C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Caryopteris wallichiana Schau. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin Citharexylum subserratum Sw. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Fiddlewood, Mu-taya Clerodendrum affine Gniff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clerodendrum bracteatum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Clerodendrum calamitosum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Thawka Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Htin-yu-pan, Jahtungh-kring- mau, Petka Clerodendrum densiflorum Griff. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clerodendrum fischeri H.B. Naithani & S.S.R. Bennet Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Clerodendrum griffithianum C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Magway Common Name(s): Ngayan-padu Clerodendrum inerme Gaertn. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Garden quinine, Kywe-yan- nge, Pinle-kyauk-pan Clerodendrum japonicum Sweet Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Clerodendrum lasiocephalum C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Pet-pein Clerodendrum macrosiphon Hook. f. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Ngayan-padu Clerodendrum macrostachyum Turcz. Habit: Herb Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi Clerodendrum neriifolium Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Bago, Kayin, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Taw-kyaungban Clerodendrum nutans Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kinmauk-ka-gyi, Ngayan-padu, Pan-swelwe Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pagoda flower, Pan-letwah, Pan-po-detha, Panyin Clerodendrum penduliflorum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyaukyin, Kyaukyin-gyi Clerodendrum petasites (Lour.) S. Moore Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Bu-gyi-hpyu, Hkringmau, Kha- aung-gyi, Mai-lu-hpawng, Petka, Sabe-se, U-gyi Clerodendrum philippinum Schaner Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Glorybower, Sabe-kaungyan Clerodendrum phlomides L. f. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Tapa-say Clerodendrum semiserratum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Dicotyledons: Verbenaceae - Verbenaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Clerodendrum serratum Spreng. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Prang-gadawn, Yinbya-net Clerodendrum squamatum Vahl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bugyi-ni, Hpet-nan, Kaukgyi- pan, Petka, Pet-pint Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bleeding heart, Taik-pan-gyi Clerodendrum venosum Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Common Name(s): Pakasweloi Clerodendrum villosum Blume Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Ka-on Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Wide Congea griffithiana Munir Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Congea tomentosa Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hmwe-zok, Magwi-hkyi-ru, Nwe-zat, Pa-onza, Thamaga, Thamaga-nwe Congea tuberosa Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Congea velutina Wight Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Magway, Taninthayi Congea vestita Griff. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Congea villosa Wight Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon Duranta erecta L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Duranta repens L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bo-kadaw-myet-hkon, Siyo- pan Glossocarya mollis Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay, Mon, Taninthayi Gmelina arborea Roxb. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon Common Name(s): Mai-saw, Thebla, Thun-vong, Yemane Gmelina asiatica L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Magway Gmelina elliptica Sm. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nwesat Gmelina philippinensis Cham. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Hti-pan, Parasol flower, Saucer plant Hymenopyramis brachiata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Chintelet-nwe Lantana aculeata L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Lantana, Nadaung-ban, Seinnaban Lantana indica Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Naturalized Common Name(s): Se-hnit-yathi Lantana sellowiana Link & Otto Habit: Shrub Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Weeping lantana Lantana trifolia L. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Shan Lippia geminata H.B.K. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Chin, Rakhine Lippia nodiflora Rich. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon Dicotyledons: Verbenaceae - Verbenaceae 389 390 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Common Name(s): Pazun-thabet Peronema canescens Jack Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Petraea volubilis L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Tha-maga-apya Premna amplectens Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Hpak-si-so, Sagale-amauk, Wee-ek, Yin-bya-byu Premna barbata Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Premna bengalensis C.B. Clarke Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyun-nalin, Makauk-nyaung Premna bracteata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Gen-kaw Premna divaricata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Premna esculenta Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Rakhine Premna flavescens Buch.-Ham. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing Premna gmelinoides Hain Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Premna grossa Wall. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Premna herbacea Roxb. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mandalay Premna integrifolia L. Habit: Tree Distribution: Mandalay, Rakhine, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kywe-thwe, Taung-tangyi Premna khasiana C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Magway Premna latifolia Roxb. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyetyo, Kyun-nalin, Seiknan- gyi Premna macrophylla Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon Common Name(s): Si-gye Premna nana Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Shan Premna parasitica Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Premna pinguis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay Premna pyramidata Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin, Mon, Sagaing, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Kyun-bo, Kyun-nalin Premna racemosa Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Rakhine, Sagaing Premna sambucina Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Rakhine Premna scandens Roxb. Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Nwe-natha Premna tomentosa Willd. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Kyun-bo, Mai-sak-hpu, Mai- sak-kai Premna viburnoides Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Priva pedicellata Moldenke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sphenodesme barbata Schau Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Sphenodesme eryciboides Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Bago, Mon Common Name(s): Nwezat Sphenodesme griffthiana Wight Dicotyledons: Verbenaceae - Verbenaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 391 Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Ka-man-ga Sphenodesme involucratum (Presl) B.L. Rob. Habit: Shrub Distribution: Yangon Sphenodesme microstylis C.B. Clarke Habit: Shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thamaga-mwezok Sphenodesme mollis Craib Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Sphenodesme pentandra Jack Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Sphenodesme unguiculata Schauer Habit: Shrub, Climber Distribution: Kayin, Yangon Common Name(s): Ka-nwe, Nwezat Stachytarpheta indica Vahl Habit: Herb Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Aseik-taya, Ye-chaung-pan Symphorema grossum Kurz Habit: Shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Symphorema involucratum Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Daung-talaung, Nwe-sat, Thamaga-nwe Tectona grandis L. f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Klor, Kyun, Mai-sak, Mai-sa- lan, Pahi, Teak Tectona hamiltoniana Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Common Name(s): Dahat Verbena officinalis L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Bluebird vine, Saung-daw-ku Vitex axillaris Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitex burmensis Moldenke Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitex canescens Kurz Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyetyo, Tauksha Vitex carbunculorum Sm. & Ramas. Habit: Tree Distribution: Shan Vitex coriacea C.B. Clarke Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyetyo-po Vitex diversifolia Kurz Habit: Tree Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Vitex elegans Griff. Habit: Climber Distribution: Cultivated Vitex glabrata R. Br. Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Mak-lok-kaing, Panameikli, Tauksha, Thauk-kya Vitex heterophylla Roxb. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitex leucoxylon L.f. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Tauksha Vitex limonifolia Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Kyungauk-nwe Vitex negundo L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Yangon Common Name(s): Five-leaved chaste tree, Indian privet, Kyaungban-gyi Vitex peduncularis Wall. Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Blackwater fever tree, Pazin- nyo, Pet-lezin, Tauksha-thon-gwa, Yu-latsea Vitex pinnata L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitex pubescens Vahl Habit: Tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyetyo, Pedanme Vitex quinata (Lour.) F.N. Will. Dicotyledons: Verbenaceae - Verbenaceae 392 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Habit: Tree Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Kyetyo, Kyetyo-po, Latsen, Tauksha Vitex scabra Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitex trifolia L. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Kyaungban Vitex vestita Wall. Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Tauksha Violaceae Rinorea bengalensis Kuntze Habit: Shrub, Small tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Taw-okshit Rinorea griffithii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Rinorea longiracemosa (Kurz) Craib Habit: Tree Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Rinorea mollis (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kuntze Habit: Shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Rinorea racemosa (Hook. f. & Thomson) Kuntze Habit: Small tree Distribution: Kayin, Mon, Taninthayi Common Name(s): Yathe, Yitthet Scyphellandra pierrei H. Boissieu Habit: Shrub Distribution: Shan Viola biflora L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway Viola distans Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Chin Viola hederacea Labill. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Nila-pan, Violet Viola lecomteana W. Becker ex Gagnep. Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Viola odorata L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nila-pan, Violet Viola patrinii DC. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Shan Viola serpens Wall. Habit: Herb Distribution: Kachin, Mon Viola tricolor L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Pansy, Paungda-pan Viola unwinii W. Becker Habit: Herb Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Viscaceae Ginalloa helferi Kurz Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl. Cited as: Korthalsella opuntia (Thunb.) Merr. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Notothixos merguiensis Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi Viscum acaciae Danser Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Viscum album L. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mon Common Name(s): Kyibaung, Mistletoe Viscum articulatum Burm. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Taninthayi, Yangon Common Name(s): Thitlon Viscum birmanicum Gandoger Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Wide Viscum japonicum Thunb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Kachin Viscum monoicum Roxb. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi, Yangon Viscum orbiculatum Wight Dicotyledons: Violaceae - Viscaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 393 Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady Viscum orientale Willd. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Kyibaung, Taung-kyibaung Viscum ovalifolium Wall. Habit: Parasitic shrub Distribution: Ayeyarwady, Taninthayi Vitaceae Ampelocissus barbata (Wall.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis barbata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Common Name(s): Chin-baung-hmwe-sok, Yin- naung-nwe Ampelocissus helferi (Laws.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis helferi Laws. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ampelocissus polystachya (Wall.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis polystachya Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Ampelocissus rugosa Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wall.) Momiyama Cited as: Ampelocissus glandulosa (Wall.) Momiyama Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagnep. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin Common Name(s): Langpum Cayratia mollissima (Wall.) Gagnep. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Cited as: Cayratia carnosa (Wall.) Gagnep. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Yangon Common Name(s): Fox grape, Taw-sabyit Cissus adnata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cissus assamica (Laws.) Craib Cited as: Vitis assamica Laws. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Cissus aubertiana (Gage) P. Singh & Shetty Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Cissus discolor Blume Cited as: Cissus javana DC., Vitis discolor Dalzell Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Common Name(s): Nga-yaung-kin-che, Ngwe-gya, Pan-hmauk-khon, Yin-naung-nwe Cissus elongata Roxb. Cited as: Cayratia elongata (Roxb.) Suessenguth Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing Cissus quadrangularis L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Common Name(s): Edible-stemmed vine, Shazaung-let-set Cissus repanda Vahl Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Rakhine Common Name(s): Hleza-gyi Cissus repens Lam. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Magway, Mandalay Cissus vitiginea L. Cited as: Vitis linnaei Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Yinnaung-nwe Cyphostemma auriculata (Roxb.) P. Singh & Shetty Cited as: Vitis auriculata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Common Name(s): Yinnaung-paing-nwe Parthenocissus himalayana (Royle) Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Parthenocissus semicordata (Wall.) Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon Pterisanthes polita M. Laws. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tetrastigma alpinianum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiyama Habit: Climber/Creeper Dicotyledons: Vitaceae - Vitaceae 394 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Distribution: Wide Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis angustifolia Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Magway, Shan Common Name(s): Saibra, Zaibra Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis bracteolata Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Chin, Kachin, Mon, Sagaing Common Name(s): Nwe-sein Tetrastigma burmanicum (Collett & Hemsl.) Momiyama Cited as: Tetrastigma obtectum (Wall.) Planch., Vitis obtecta Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Wide Tetrastigma campylocarpum (Kurz) Planch. Cited as: Vitis campylocarpa Kurz Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Tetrastigma dubium (Laws.) Planch. Cited as: Vitis oxyphylla Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. Cited as: Vitis lanceolaria Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mon Common Name(s): Kyi-ni-nwe, Salbra, Zaibra Tetrastigma obovatum Gagnep. Cited as: Vitis obovata Laws. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Laws.) Planch. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tetrastigma serrulatum (Roxb.) Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Common Name(s): Saibra, Zaibra Tetrastigma tavoyanum Gagnep. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Tetrastigma yunnanense Gagnep. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Mandalay Vitis adnata Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber Distribution: Yangon Vitis aubertiana Gage Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Vitis burmanica Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis capreolata D. Don Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis erythroclada Kurz Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis glaberrima Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Yangon Vitis harmandii Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Vitis hexamera Gagnep. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis heyneana Roem. & Schultes Cited as: Vitis lanata Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay, Sagaing Vitis japonica Thunb. Cited as: Vitis tenuifolia Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago, Kachin, Magway, Taninthayi, Yangon Vitis megabotrya Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis novemfolia Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Magway Vitis pedata Vahl ex Wall. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis pentagona Voigt Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis pycnantha Collett & Hemsl. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis repanda Wight & Arn. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis suberosum Planch. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Taninthayi Dicotyledons: Vitaceae - Vitaceae Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 395 Vitis trifolia L. Habit: Climber Distribution: Reported from Myanmar Vitis tuberculata Blume Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Bago Vitis vinifera L. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Cultivated Common Name(s): Grape, Grapevine, Sa-pyit Vitis wightiana A. Juss. Habit: Climber/Creeper Distribution: Kachin Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Habit: Herb Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing Common Name(s): Small caltrops, Tsule Dicotyledons: Zygophyllaceae - Zygophyllaceae 396 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 397 BIBLIOGRAPHY Brummitt, R. K. 1992. Vascular Plant Families and Genera. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Brunner, J., K. Talbott, and C. Elkin. 1998. Logging Burma’s Future. World Resources Institute, Washington, D. C. Davis, S. D., S. J. M. Droop, P. Gregerson, L. Henson, C. J. Leon, J. L. Villa-Lobos, H. Synge, and J. Zantovska. 1986. Plants in Danger: What do we know? IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, England. Davis, S. D., V. H. Heywood and A. C. Hamilton (eds.). 1995. Centers of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation. Vol. 2. IUCN and WWF. IUCN Publications Unit, Cambridge, England. de Terra, H. 1944. Component geographic factors of the natural regions of Burma. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. 34: 80. FAO/UNEP. 1981. Tropical Forest Resources Assessment Project in the Framework of the Global Environmental Monitoring System-GEMS). UN — 32/6.1301-78-04. Technical Reports nos. 1-3, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Frodin, D. G. 2001. Guide to Standard Floras of the World. Second Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Hooker, J. D. 1872-1897. Flora of British India. 7 volumes. L. Reeve & Co., London. Hundley, H. G. and U Chit Ko Ko. 1961. List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma with Vernacular Names. 3rd Ed. Supdt., Govt. Printing and Staty., Rangoon. Hundley, H. G. 1987. List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma with Vernacular Names. 4th Revised Ed. Forest Department, Swe Daw Oo Press, Rangoon. Kyaw Tint and Tun Hla. 1991. Forest Cover of Myanmar, the 1998 Appraisal. National Forest Management and Inventory, FAO: MYA/85/003. Rome. Kingdon-Ward, F. K. 1921. In Farthest Burma. Seeley, Service and Co., London. Kurz, S. 1877. Forest Flora of British Burma. Supdt., Government Printer, Calcutta. Lace, J. H. 1912. List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma. Forest Department, CCF, Rangoon. Murphy, M. 1931. The geography of Burma. J. Geogr. 30: 17-33. Myers, N. 1988. Threatened biotas: "Hotspots" in the tropical forestry. Environmentalist 8: 1-20. Rao, A. S. 1974. The vegetation and phytogeography of Assam - Burma, pp. 204-246, in: Mani, M. S. (ed.). Ecology and Biogeography of India. Junk, The Hague. Rodger, A. 1922. List of Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers, etc. Recorded from Burma with Vernacular Names. (ed. 2). Forest Department, Rangoon. Stamp, L. D. 1924. Notes on the vegetation of Burma. Geogr. J. 64: 231-237; 272. ---- 1925. The Vegetation of Burma from an Ecological Standpoint. Research Monograph No. I. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta. 398 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 399 Aak-tay Ficus hirta Abaca Musa textilis Achimenes Achimenes grandiflora Achimenes longiflora Acid guava Psidium acidum Adalut Canna indica Curcuma angustifolia Adalut-ywethla Maranta bicolor Adam's needle Yucca gloriosa Aerial yam Dioscorea bulbifera African daisy Arctotis stoechadifolia African lily Agapanthus orientalis African manigold Tagetes erecta African oil palm Elaeis guineensis African tulip tree Spathodea campanulata African violet Saintpaulia ionantha Ah-gyaw-paung-ta-htaung Plantago major Ah-lu Solanum tuberosum Ah-lu-thi Dioscorea bulbifera Ahnyin Fagraea fragrans Ahr-lu Solanum tuberosum Ah-seik Aconitum napellus Ah-she-sing Wendlandia glabrata Ain-paw Rhododendron veitchianum Air plant Kalanchoe pinnata Aka-wadi Passiflora quadrangularis Akim-mani Achimenes grandiflora Akyaw Aquilaria agallocha Plumeria obtusa Akyawsi-bin Gaultheria fragrantissima Alai-apaw APPENDIX I COMMON NAMES Caesalpinia pulcherrima Alder Alnus nepalensis Alexandrian laurel Calophyllum inophyllum Alexandrian senna Cassia senna Alloe-wood Aquilaria agallocha Alo-kyu Arundo donax Alolay Capparis tenera Alpam root Thottea tomentosa Alpine violet Cyclamen africanum A-lu Solanum tuberosum Alu-pan Petunia violacea Amazon lily Eucharis grandiflora American ginseng Panax quinquefolium American sumac Caesalpinia coriaria American upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum Amhri Dalbergia cultrata Amyauk-san-bin Couroupita guianensis Anan Fagraea fragrans Ananbo Crypteronia pubescens Anan-bo Crypteronia paniculata Anawa-nyaung Coccoloba uvifera Anawar-nyaung Coccoloba uvifera Andaman marble Diospyros kurzii Andi Morus laevigata Ang Shorea siamensis Angel's trumpet Datura suaveolens Angel-wing Jasminum simplicifolium Anise Pimpinella anisum Annatto Bixa orellana Anya-koko Albizia lebbek Albizia lebbekoides Anya-myin-kwa Merremia emarginata Anya-thawka Saraca griffithiana Anya-thinbaung Phoenix acaulis Aong-lawk Mucuna utilis Apple Malus pumila Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes Apricot Prunus armeniaca Arabian coffee Coffea arabica Arabian jasmine Jasminum sambac Arabian lavender Lavandula stoechas Arabian senna Cassia angustifolia Arbor vitae Thuja occidentalis Ar-do Canna indica Areca palm Areca catechu Ar-fri-ka-kyu-lit-pin Spathodea campanulata Arizona Cypress Cupressus arizonica Arl-koop Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium Ar-loo Solanum tuberosum Armgrass millet Urochloa distachya Arrowhead Sagittaria guayanensis Arrowroot Maranta arundinacea Arthaw-ka Polyalthia longifolia Asafoetida Ferula asafoetida Aseik Antiaris toxicaria Aseik-pye Leucaena leucocephala Aseik-taya Stachytarpheta indica Ash pumpkin Benincasa hispida Asiatic ginseng Appendix I: Common Names 400 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Panax ginseng Gomphrena globosa Bamboo grass Asoka tree Badamya-thitkwa Pogonatherum paniceum Saraca indica Renanthera imschootiana Bambwe Asparagus bean Badan Careya arborea Vigna catjang Aegialitis rotundifolia Ban Aster Terminalia catappa Boehmeria nivea Aster amellus Badangdip-sinleng Banatha Callistephus chinensis Combretum pilosum Strombosia javanica Asthma herb Bad-awng Banbwe-pyu Euphorbia pilulifera Tetrameles nudiflora Gustavia augusta Atis root Badeik-myet Banda Aconitum heterophyllum Chionachne semiteris Terminalia catappa Auchinsa Badi-byu Banghkni Chisocheton paniculatus Putranjiva roxburghii Elaeocarpus floribundus Auchinsa-ni Bael fruit Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Amoora wallichii Aegle marmelos Elaeocarpus prunifolius Aukchinsa Bagras eucalyptus Banmaw Diospyros ehretioides Diospyros kurzii Aukchinsa-ni Dysoxylum binectariferum Aukkyu Bischofia javanica Aukkywe Bischofia javanica Aung-mai-hpyu Clitoria ternatea Aung-malay-pan Solanum dulcamara Aung-me-nyo Clitoria ternatea Australian bottle brush Callistemon viminalis Australian pea Lablab niger Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale Avocado Persea americana Aweya Leucaena leucocephala Awle Croton caudatus Sapium baccatum Aw-le Sapium eugeniifolium Awzar Annona squamosa Axe-handle wood Dalbergia ovata Azalea Rhododendron indicum Aztec marigold Tagetes erecta Babchi Psoralea corylifolia Babu Acacia nilotica Babul Acacia nilotica Baby's breath Gypsophila elegans Gypsophila paniculata Bachelor's button Eucalyptus deglupta Bagyo-bebya Clerodendrum serratum Bahia grass Paspalum notatum Bahon Desmodium pulchellum Flemingia chappar Bainamchyubawng Ficus hirta Baing Tetrameles nudiflora Baingdaung Ceriops roxburghiana Baing-daung Perotis indica Rhizophora mucronata Baing-daungshe Kandelia candel Bala Pavonia odorata Bala-phan Sida carpinifolia Bala-shin Mentha piperita Ball lily Haemanthus multiflorus Balloon vine Cardiospermum corindum Cardiospermum halicacabum Balsa Ochroma pyramidale Baluma-shaw Kydia calycina Balu-shaw Grewia glabra Balu-wah Abelmoschus moschatus Balwe-tie Crateva magna Bamachet Cratoxylum pruniflorum Bamaw Elaeocarpus wallichii Litsea grandis Bamboo Bambusa tuldoides Sageraea listeri Sphaerocoryne blandfordiana Banyan Ficus benghalensis Baran Bouea burmanica Barbados lily Hippeastrum puniceum Barbados pride Caesalpinia pulcherrima Barberry Berberis asiatica Bareilly-kyein Calamus tenuis Barine Bouea burmanica Barley Hordeum vulgare Barnyard grass Echinochloa crus-galli Bastard indigo Tephrosia purpurea Bastard sandalwood Mansonia gagei Bastard teak Butea frondosa Bat flower Tacca integrifolia Bauk-gale Abutilon indicum Bauk-hpyaw Waltheria indica Bauk-hpyu Waltheria indica Bauk-khway Abutilon indicum Bauk-khway-gale Abutilon indicum Bauk-mya Waltheria indica Bauk-nwe Abutilon bidentatum Abutilon indicum Bauk-pin Physalis minima Bauk-wa Pseudostachyum polymorphum Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 401 Baung-baung Bridelia glauca Baung-bin Bridelia tomentosa Baung-daw-chut Dendrobium albosanguineum Baung-laung-nyo Solanum nigrum Baw Brassaiopsis glomerulata Bawa Phyllostachys mannii Ba-wa Pseudostachyum polymorphum Bawa Bwa Garcinia speciosa Bawanet Justicia gendarussa Bawdi-nyaung Ficus religiosa Baw-ga-gyi Aglaonema crispum Bawh-myet Hymenachne amplexicaulis Baw-lon-gamon Haemanthus multiflorus Bawng-hprawng Viburnum coriaceum Bawng-prawn Viburnum coriaceum Bawthi-ni Hibiscus grewiaefolius Bawt-nyo-myet Echinochloa crus-galli Bawzagaing Leucaena leucocephala Bay berry Myrica nagi Bayin-ma-thitkwa Vandopsis gigantea Baymaga Syzygium fastigiatum Bayonet plant Aciphylla squarrosa Beach pea Vigna lutea Bead tree Adenanthera pavonina Elaeocarpus sphaericus Melia azedarach Bebya Cratoxylum ligustrinum Cratoxylum neriifolium Be-chi Sagittaria guayanensis Beda Monochoria vaginalis Beda-pin Eichhornia crassipes Beef-tea plant Acalypha wilkesiana Beefwood Casuarina equisetifolia Beet Beta vulgaris Beetroot Beta vulgaris Beik-theik-pan Centaurea moschata Bein Papaver somniferum Bein-hpo Jatropha multifida Bein-ni Papaver cholas Papaver rhoeas Bein-nwe Hiptage benghalensis Bein-pan Eschscholzia californica Bein-pya Meconopsis paniculata Bein-sa Mitragyna speciosa Bein-thein Hiptage candicans Belgaum walnut Aleurites moluccana Beli Phaseolus calcaratus Bell apple Passiflora laurifolia Belladonna Atropa belladona Belladonna lily Amaryllis belladonna Belleric Terminalia bellerica Belu-gamon Paphiopedilum parishii Be-nauk Phaseolus calcaratus Bengal cardamon Aframomum angustifolium Amomum aromaticum Bengal kino Butea frondosa Bengal quince Aegle marmelos Bengal rose Rosa indica Beng-kong Tamarindus indica Bent-grass Agrostis stolonifera Benwe Rhus paniculata Benzoin tree Styrax benzoin Bepi Lablab niger Be-pwe Phaseolus calcaratus Ber-hrum Glycine max Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon Berseem Trifolium latinum Be-sa-myet Echinochloa colona Urochloa reptans Be-sang Phaseolus calcaratus Be-sar-myet Echinochloa colona Be-sat-myet Echinochloa colona Be-te Phaseolus calcaratus Betel vine Piper betle Betelnut palm Areca catechu Be-tyel Phaseolus calcaratus Bey-maga Eugenia bracteolata Bezat Chromolaena odorata Microglossa volubilis Bhang Cannabis sativa Bi-kha-ma Aconitum palmatum Bilat-chinbaung Hibiscus sabdariffa Bilatt-tikayon Mimosa rubicaulis Bilimbi Averrhoa bilimbi Billion dollar grass Echinochloa colona Bin Cannabis lupulus Humulus lupulus Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Binga Mitragyna diversifolia Mitragyna rotundifolia Bingala-zi Prunus armeniaca Birch Betula alnoides Bird of paradise Strelitzia reginae Bird pepper Capsicum frutescens Bird-leaved acalypha Acalypha fruticosa Biscuit grass Paspalum vaginatum Bishop's weed Trachyspermum ammi Bishop's wood Bischofia javanica Bi-thwar Linum usitatissimum Bitter gourd Momordica charantia Bitter luffa Appendix I: Common Names 402 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Luffa acutangula Blistering ammannia Bontayasa Bitter orange Ammannia baccifera Wrightia religiosa Citrus aurantium Blood flower Border carnation Bitterwood Asclepias curassavica Dianthus caryophyllus Samadera indica Blood lily Bosape Bittu bark Haemanthus coccineus Canavalia turgida Eurycoma longifolia Blue African lily Bo-sa-pe Biza-pat-pan Agapanthus umbellatus Phaseolus vulgaris Eria pubescens Blue aloe Bosa-pe Bizat Agave vera-cruz Vicia faba Chromolaena odorata Blue black Bottle brush tree Eupatorium cannabinum Eupatorium lindleyanum Microglossa pyrifolia Microglossa volubilis Bizat-hpo Synedrella nodiflora Wedelia urticaefolia Black bamboo Dendrocalamus longispathus Black bean Castanospermum australe Black creeper Derris trifoliata Ichnocarpus frutescens Black cumin Nigella sativa Black gram Phaseolus mungo Black hellebore Helleborus niger Black liquorice Cardiospermum halicacabum Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia Black musale Curculigo orchioides Black mustard Brassica nigra Black nightshade Solanum nigrum Black oil plant Celastrus paniculatus Black pepper Piper nigrum Black poplar Populus nigra Black wattle Acacia decurrens Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Thunbergia alata Blackwater fever tree Vitex peduncularis Bladder dock Rumex vesicarius Bladderwort Utricularia aurea Blanket flower Gaillardia pulchella Blanket grass Axonopus compressus Bleeding heart Clerodendrum thomsonae Hemigraphis alternata Blue dawn flower Ipomoea indica Blue gum Eucalyptus globulus Blue lupin Lupinus angustifolius Blue orchid Vanda coerulea Blue Pine Pinus wallichiana Blue poppy Meconopsis paniculata Blue sage Salvia farinacea Bluebird vine Verbena officinalis Bo tree Ficus religiosa Bo-cate-pe Vigna catjang Bo-chang Cajanus cajan Boga-mediloa Tephrosia candida Bok Polyalthia hookeriana Bo-kadaw-myet-hkon Duranta repens Bok-kaing Saccharum arundinaceum Bok-pin Diospyros ehretioides Diospyros peregrina Bok-pyin Diospyros malabarica Boktaung Polygonum chinense Bombay hemp Hibiscus cannabinus Bonduc nut Caesalpinia crista Bonlon Luffa acutangula Sapium indicum Trichosanthes bracteata Trichosanthes cucumerina Bonlon-ga Luffa acutangula Bonma-yaza Rauvolfia serpentina Bonmeza Albizia chinensis Callistemon citrinus Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Bottle grass Setaria pumila Bougainvillea Bougainvillea glabra Bowstring hemp Sansevieria zeylanica Box honey bush Murraya paniculata Box myrtle Myrica nagi Breadfruit Artocarpus altilis Briar Craibiodendron stellatum Bridal wreath Poranopsis paniculata Brinjal Solanum melongena Brisbane lily Eurycles amboinensis Broccoli Brassica oleracea Brown mustard Brassica juncea Brussels sprout Brassica oleracea Bu Lagenaria siceraria Salacia chinensis Bu bunk-rawp Juglans regia Bubaung-pin Utricularia aurea Buckthom Rhamnus nipalensis Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Fagopyrum tataricum Budalet Elaeocarpus cuneatus Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Budatharana Canna indica Budi-nan Mentha aquatica Mentha arvensis Mentha longifolia Mentha spicata Buffalo grass Paspalum conjugatum Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 403 Bugbane Cimicifuga foetida Bu-gyi-hpyu Clerodendrum petasites Bugyi-ni Clerodendrum squamatum Bui-loi som-pi-nark Vark-yell Vigna catjang Bulaw-shaw Grewia glabra Bulletwood Manilkara littoralis Bullock's heart Annona reticulata Bulrush millet Pennisetum glaucum Bumawng-ru Piper nigrum Bum-shing-teng-hpun Lyonia ovalifolia Burma linseed Hygrophila phlomoides Burma oak Quercus serrata Burmese elm Ulmus lancifolia Burmese ironwood Xylia xylocarpa Burmese lacquer tree Melanorrhoea usitata Burmese rosewood Dalbergia oliveri Burmese storax Altingia excelsa Burmese strychnine tree Strychnos nux-blanda Burrbush Triumfetta bartramia Triumfetta rhomboidea Burrweed Xanthium strumarium Bush bean Phaseolus vulgaris Buso Glochidion velutinum Hemigraphis flava Butalet Aegiceras corniculatum Bu-thabeik Lagenaria siceraria Bu-thakwa Cucurbita pepo Butter bean Phaseolus lunatus Butterfly bush Buddleja asiatica Butterfly lily Hedychium coronarium Butterfly pea Clitoria ternatea Butterfly tree Bauhinia purpurea Bu-za-bat-pin Betula alnoides Betula utilis Buzo Glochidion sphaerogynum Glochidion velutinum Bwe-baung Spondias pinnata Bwegyin Bauhinia malabarica Bauhinia vahlii Bwe-thein Salacia chinensis Byaik Dalbergia spinosa Byaing-che Gnaphalium indicum Polycarpon prostratum Byaing-chedauk Tamarix dioica Byaing-chi Erigeron asteroides Gnaphalium luteoalbum Urochloa distachya Byaing-chi-myet Digitaria horizontalis Byaingehi-byu Gnaphalium luteoalbum Byaing-wah-pin-zauk Conyza semipinnatifida Byauk Ruellia tuberosa Byauk-gyi-gamon Dieffenbachia seguine Byechin Antidesma ghesaembilla Byechin-nwe Antidesma gymnogyne Byili pili Oroxylum indicum Byin-bying Prunus cerasoides Byin-gale Memecylon edule Memecylon umbellatum Byisin Antidesma ghesaembilla Byit-gyon Hordeum vulgare Byit-pan Cannabis lupulus Humutlus lupulus By-lap Lablab niger Byone-hmwe Bacopa monnieri Byu Bruguiera cylindrica Ceriops roxburghiana Dillenia aurea Dillenia scabrella Byu-baing-dauk Kandelia candel Byu-chidauk Rhizophora candelaria Rhizophora mucronata Byu-kyettet Bruguiera parviflora Byu-u-talon Bruguiera conjugata Cabbage Brassica oleracea Cabbage rose Rosa centifolia Cabbage tee Sabal palmetto Cacao Theobroma cacao Cadamba Anthocephalus morindaefolius Cainito Chrysophyllum cainito Cajuput paperbark Melaleuca leucadendron Calamondin Citrus mitis Calendula Calendula officinalis California cypress Cupressus goveniana California pepper tree Schinus molle California poppy Eschscholzia californica Calla lily Zantedeschia aethiopica Calliandra Calliandra calothyrsus Camel thom Crotalaria usaramoensis Candle nut Aleurites moluccana Candytuft Iberis amara Iberis umbellata Cane palm Dypsis lutescens Canna Canna flaccida Canna indica Cannonball tree Couroupita guianensis Cantaloupe Cucumis melo Cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana Cape jasmine Tabernaemontana divaricata Caper Capparis sepiaria Capsicum Capsicum annuum Carambola Averrhoa carambola Caravalla Gynandropsis gynandra Caraway Carum carvi Caricature plant Graptophyllum pictum Appendix I: Common Names 404 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Carilla fruit Momordica charantia Carpet grass Axonopus compressus Carrot Daucus carota Cashew nut Anacardium occidentale Cassava Manihot esculenta Cassia cinnamon Cinnamomum tamala Castor oil plant Ricinus communis Casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia Cat mint Anisomeles candicans Cat's claw creeper Macfadyena unguis-cati Cat's tongue Oroxylum indicum Cat-tail Typha elephantina Cauliflower Brassica oleracea Cayenne pepper Capsicum annuum Ceara rubber Manihot glaziovii Cedrat Citrus medica Celery Apium graveolens Celery-leaved crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus Centipede plant Muehlenbeckia platyclada Century plant Agave americana Ceriman Monstera deliciosa Ceylon boxwood Canthium dicoccum Ceylon cinnamon Cinnamomum verum Ceylon oak Schleichera oleosa Ceylon plum Aberia gardnerii Ceylon sago Cycas circinalis Chabya-myet Cyperus platystylis Chai Machilus fruticosa Chai-ri Prunus avium Prunus cerasoides Chak-hlei Rhododendron arboreum Champaka Michelia champaca Changan Butea monosperma Chan-tha-gyi-gamon Anthurium crystallinum Chanyinku Rhododendron suberosum Chan-yinku Carex capillacea Carex jackiana Chat-wa Bambusa burmanica Bambusa tulda Chauk-la-pan Hydrangea hortensia Chauk-pan Mantisia saltatoria Chaulmoogra Hydnocarpus kurzii Chay-ahkya Emblica officinalis Chaya-kaya Amoora rohituka Chayote Sechium edule Chay-sat Centipeda minima Che Buchanania lanzan Buchanania latifolia Gluta longipetiolata Holigarna kurzii Holigarna longifolia Semecarpus anacardium Semecarpus kurzii Semecarpus pandurata Chek-awn Abrus precatorius Chek-long Adenanthera pavonina Cheng meik-taw Lithocarpus truncata Chenille plant Acalypha hispida Che-pin Semecarpus cuneifolius Che-po Holigarna kurzii Cherimoyer Annona cherimolia Cherry Prunus cerasoides Prunus wallichii Cherry-bo Betula alnoides Chickling vetch Lathyrus aphaca Chicory Cichorium intybus Chiellay Saurauia roxburghii Chi-ko-ri Cichorium intybus Chili Capsicum annuum China grass Boehmeria nivea China orange Citrus mitis China rose Rosa indica Chin-baung-gyi Hibiscus cannabinus Chin-baung-hmwe-sok Ampelocissus barbata Chin-baung-kha Hibiscus cannabinus Chinbaung-ni Hibiscus sabdariffa Chinbaung-yaing Hibiscus lunarifolius Chin-bong Hibiscus sabdariffa Chinbyit Bauhinia malabarica Chin-dan-bin Freycinetia angustifolia Chinebaune Hibiscus sabdariffa Chinese arbor vitae Thuja orientalis Chinese artichoke Stachys tuberifera Chinese banana Musa acuminata Chinese Coffin Tree Taiwania cryptomerioides Chinese date Ziziphus jujuba Chinese evergreen Aglaonema commutatum Aglaonema simplex Chinese forget-me-not Cynoglossum amabile Chinese ginseng Panax ginseng Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese juniper Juniperus chinensis Chinese potato Pachyrhizus erosus Chinese star jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum Chinese trumpet vine Campsis radicans Chinese water-lily Nelumbo nucifera Chinese windmill palm Trachycarpus fortunei Chinese yam Dioscorea glabra Ching-ling Litsea salicifolia Chinlon-pan Acampe rigida Chinmanan Cleistanthus meeboldii Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 405 Cleistanthus myrianthus Chin-mondaing Cycas circinalis Chinsaw-ga Cydonia cathayensis Chin-saw-ka Pyrus Japonica Chintelet-nwe Hymenopyramis brachiata Chin-wa Drepanostachyum khasianum Chinya Bridelia tomentosa Chinya-pyu Flueggea leucopyrus Chinyok Garuga pinnata Chir pine Pinus roxburghii Chittagong wood Chukrasia tabularis Chit-taw-mai Nigella damascena Chiya Pueraria collettii Choenyin Xanthophyllum griffithii Xanthophyllum virens Choke-pin Diospyros heterophylla Cholera fruit Baccaurea sapida Chong yit-nwe Pterolobium microphyllum Chongyit-nwe Pterolobium densiflorum Chon-monhnyin Sisymbrium alliaria Cho-pee-law Corchorus capsularis Cho-sa-lok Canscora schultesti Christmas-pan Poranopsis paniculata Chrysanthemum Ismelia versicolor Chu-bin Crotalaria alata Chu-pin Crotalaria tetragona Chyabu Lepisanthes rubiginosa Chyabu-nui Lepisanthes rubiginosa Chyaga Rubus assamensis Rubus ellipticus Chyahkraw Lindera caudata Chyahkya Phyllanthus pomiferus Chyaran Castanopsis argentea Chyet-kyi-dauk Debregeasia longifolia Chyinbawng Zanthoxylum budrunga Chy-inbawngla Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Chying-htawng-la Colebrookea oppositifolia Chying-ling Litsea lancifolia Chying-ma Rhus javanica Rhus semialata Cinnamon Cinnamomum verum Citron Citrus medica Citronella grass Cymbopogon nardus Civet fruit Durio zibethinus Climbing asparagus Asparagus racemosus Clove tree Syzygium aromaticum Cluster bean Cyamopsis tetragonloba Coat button Tridax procumbens Cobra lily Arisaema consanguineum Cocaine Erythroxylum cuneatum Cock's comb Celosia cristata Cockspur Erythrina crista-galli Coconut palm Cocos nucifera Cocoyam Colocasia esculenta Coffee Coffea arabica Coffea canephora Colocynth Citrullus colocynthis Colze Brassica campestris Common arrowhead Sagittaria sagittifolia Common asparagus Asparagus officinalis Common basil Ocimum basilicum Common fig Ficus carica Common foxglove Digitalis purpurea Common garden balsam Impatiens balsamina Common garden canna Canna x generalis Common marjoram Origanum vulgare Common millet Panicum miliaceum Common stock Mathiola incana Common thyme Thymus vulgaris Common zinnia Zinnia elegans Cooking banana Musa sapientum Cook's pine Araucaria columnaris Copperleaf Acalypha marginata Acalypha wilkesiana Coral bush Jatropha multifida Coral tree Erythrina crista-galli Erythrina variegata Coral vine Antigonon guatemalense Antigonon leptopus Coral wood Adenanthera pavonina Coriander Coriandrum sativum Cork tree Ochroma pyramidale Corn poppy Papaver rhoeas Cornflower Echinacea purpurea Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus Cotton tree Gossypium arboreum Country fig Ficus hispida Country ipecac Tylophora indica Country mallow Abutilon indicum Sida cordifolia Country potato Coleus parviflorus Country senna Cassia occidentalis Cow pea Vigna catjang Crab apple Eriolobus hookeriana Eriolobus indica Crab grass Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria horizontalis Urochloa glumaris Crab's eyes Abrus precatorius Creeping fig Ficus heterophylla Ficus pumila Crimson lily Corydalis curviflora Crocodile creeper Appendix I: Common Names 406 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Derris scandens Crow killer Anamirta paniculata Crown of thorns Euphorbia milii Cuba grass Sorghum halepense Cuban pine Pinus caribaea Cuba-ohn Roystonea regia Cubeb Piper cubebe Cuckoo pint Arum maculatum Cucumber Cucumis sativus Cuddapah almond Buchanania lanzan Cumin Cuminum cyminum Curry leaf Murraya koenigii Custard apple Annona squamosa Cutch Acacia catechu Cycad Cycas pectinata Cycas revoluta Cycas rumphii Cypress vine Ipomoea quamoclit Dagang Aralia montana Aralia thomsonii Brassaiopsis palmata Trevesia palmata Dagang-chyamut Aralia thomsonii Dahat Tectona hamiltoniana Dahat-tha-gaing Withania somnifera Dahlia Dahlia pinnata Daisy Bellis perennis Daisy fleabane Erigeron karwinskianus Dal grass Hymenachne amplexicaulis Da-ma-nge Spatholobus roxburghii Dama-nge Millettia extensa Damase-gyi Wendlandia ligustrina Damask rose Rosa damascena Damson Prunus dulcis Dan Lawsonia alba Lawsonia inermis Dana-thuka Scoparia dulcis Da-naung Sphaeranthus indicus Dandagu _ Dracaena angustifolia Dan-da-lun Moringa oleifera Danghkyam-kaba Holarrhena pubescens Danghkyam-kaii Wrightia arborea Dangkyam Holarrhena pubescens Dangwe Cassia occidentalis Dan-gyi Lawsonia alba Dangywe Cassia sophera Cassia tora Dan-gywe Cassia italica Dangywe-gyi Cassia laevigata Dani Nypa fruticans Dan-kywe Cassia bicapsularis Danon Calamus arborescens Dan-pan Impatiens balsamina Dantalet Dracaena angustifolia Impatiens balsamina Dant-tagu-ni Soymida febrifuga Danyin Abarema bigemina Archidendron jiringa Dap Terminalia tomentosa Dasheen Colocasia esculenta Date palm Phoenix dactylifera Dat-kywegaw Citrus paradisi Dauk-laung Dalbergia reniformis Dauk-ma Dalbergia reniformis Dauk-salat Telosma minor Dauk-talaung Dalbergia volubilis Dauk-ta-laung Dalbergia rimosa Dalbergia stipulacea Daukya-ma Turpinia cochinchinensis Daukyan Helicia robusta Daukyat Helicia robusta Mallotus kurzii Putranjiva roxburghii Pyrenaria serrata Symplocos crataegoides Tristaniopsis burmanica Dauk-yat Schoepfia fragrans Dauk-yat-gyi Helicia erratica Daukyat-po Ixora undulata Dauk-yut Symplocos racemosa Daung-aiktan Terminalia bialata Daung-baung Lepisanthes senegalensis Daung-da-laung Dalbergia volubilis Daung-gamon Calathea ornata Kaempferia roscoeana Daungkhreng Paranephelium xestophyllum Daung-kyettet Cudrania pubescens Daung-myet Leptochloa chinensis Daung-myi-thitkwa Dendrobium nobile Daung-pan Gaillardia pulchella Daung-saba Oryza meyeriana Daung-satpya Callicarpa tomentosa Solanum erianthum Daung-sat-pya Callicarpa rubella Daung-sok Caesalpinia pulcherrima Daungtalaung Dalbergia foliacea Daung-talaung Symphorema involucratum Daungyan Garcinia xanthochymus Dauthu-kimdu-phang Michelia baillonii Dawe-hmaing-nwe Combretum indicum Dawe-hmwe Dimeria kurzii Dawei-hmaing Lumnitzera racemosa Dawe-wa Neohouzeaua tavoyana Daw-hke Clausena excavata Dawna-pan Artemisia pallens Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 407 Dawng-ding Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Dawnghkreng Saraca griffithiana Dawng-hku Talipariti macrophyllum Dawnhka Helicteres plebeja Dawyan-ban Garcinia xanthochymus Da-yin-gauk-ywet-thitpin Filicium decipiens December-pan Poranopsis paniculata Deer's foot Convolvulus arvensis De-o-myet Eragrostis japonica Derris Derris ferruginea Derris malaccensis Derris tree Derris robusta Desert date Balanites aegyptiaca Devil tree Alstonia scholaris Devil's claw Martynia annua Devil's cotton Abroma augusta Devil's nettle Laportea crenulata Dewali-pan Tagetes erecta De-wouk Biophytum reinwardtii Dhal Lens culinaris Dhunchee hemp Sesbania bispinosa Dianthus Dianthus chinensis Didok Bombax insigne Didok-chi Dactyloctenium aegyptium Didu Bombax insigne Di-la Syzygium malaccense Ding-kok Spondias pinnata Dita bark Alstonia scholaris Divi-divi Caesalpinia coriaria Diwok Aconitum heterophyllum Do Entada pursaetha Dodder Cuscuta reflexa Dog fruit Archidendron jiringa Dogbane Cerbera manghas Dogwood Cornus oblonga Dolkam Mussaenda glabra Don-la-ban Oenothera biennis Don-nwe Spatholobus listeri Don-shaw Sterculia ornata Do-nwe Entada pursaetha Doob grass Cynodon dactylon Double coconut Lodoicea maldivica Dowaing Quercus rex Quercus xanthoclada Downy jasmine Jasminum multiflorum Drum siris Albizia chinensis Drumstick tree Moringa oleifera Ducho-myet Brachiaria erucaeformis Duckweed Lemna paucicostata Duku Lansium domesticum Dumb cane Dieffenbachia seguine Dumsa-gyaw Hymenodictyon orixense Durian Durio zibethinus Duyin Durio zibethinus Duyin-awza Annona muricata Dwabok Kydia calycina Dwani Eriolaena candollei Dwarf bamboo Bambusa multiplex Dwarf banana Musa acuminata Musa sanguinea Dwarf date Phoenix pusilla Dwarf sisal Agave vivipara Eagle-wood Aquilaria agallocha East Indian globe thistle Sphaeranthus indicus East Indian screw tree Helicteres isora Easter lily Lilium longiflorum Eddo Colocasia esculenta Edible gingerwort Kaempferia candida Edible passion flower Passiflora edulis Edible-stemmed vine Cissus quadrangularis Eel grass Vallisneria spiralis Egayit Millingtonia hortensis Egayit-ni Mayodendron igneum Eggplant Solanum melongena Eight o'clock flower Turnera ulmifolia Eikhmwe Erycibe citriniflora Eik-hmwe-nwe Embelia robusta Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Eikmwe Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Lagerstroemia speciosa Eikta-pha-gula Plantago ovata Eik-tha-ra-muli Aristolochia indica Eilk-pathwe Lumnitzera racemosa Eingaleik-gandama Chrysanthemum roxburghii E-la-gamon Kaempferia ovalifolia Elderberry Sambucus javanica Elephant apple Limonia acidissima Elephant creeper Argyreia nervosa Entada pursaetha Elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum Ripidium arundinaceum Saccharum arundinaceum Endive Cichorium endivia English ivy Hedera helix Eng-si Ziziphus jujuba Ensete Ensete ventricosum E-su Alternanthera pungens Eu-ca-lit Eucalyptus albens Eucalyptus cinerea Eucalyptus ovata European dill Anethum graveolens Appendix I: Common Names 408 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar European white water-lily Nymphaea alba Evening primrose Oenothera biennis Eyeball tree Dimocarpus longan Fa-hear Castanopsis argyrophylla Falam-thitkwa Dendrobium infundibulum False acacia Robinia pseudoacacia False ipecacuanha Asclepias curassavica False pareira brava Cissampelos pareira Fan-shaped feathery palm Wallichia disticha Feathergrass Chloris virgata Feathery coconut palm Syagrus romanzoffiana Fennel Foeniculum vulgare Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum Fern asparagus Asparagus plumosus Fern palm Cycas circinalis Fern-leaf tree Filicium decipiens Fever nettle Laportea crenulata Fever nut Caesalpinia crista Feverleaf Anisochilus carnosus Fiddle-leaved jatropha Jatropha hastata Fiddlewood Citharexylum subserratum Field bean Lablab niger Field mint Mentha arvensis Field pumpkin Cucurbita pepo Finger tree Euphorbia tirucalli Fire bush Streptosolen jamesonii Firecracker flower Crossandra undulaefolia Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Fishtail palm Caryota mitis Caryota urens Five-leaved chaste tree Vitex negundo Five-leaved yam Dioscorea pentaphylla Flamboyant Delonix regia Flame of the forest Butea monosperma Flame of the woods Ixora coccinea Flame tree Brachychiton acerifolius Byttneria pilosa Flax Linum usitatissimum Fleabane Artemisia vulgaris Conyza sumatrensis Floating heart Nymphoides indica Flor- de -joja Phyllanthus niruri Fly catching plant Aristolochia hookeriana Foetid cassia Cassia sophera Forest pepper Toddalia aculeata Forest red gum Eucalyptus tereticornis Four o'clock Mirabilis jalapa Fox grape Cayratia trifolia Fox nut Euryale ferox Foxtail millet Setaria italica Foxtail orchid Rhynchostylis retusa Fragrant screw-pine Pandanus odorus Frangipani Plumeria rubra French bean Phaseolus vulgaris French blue hydrangea Hydrangea macrophylla French lavender Lavandula stoechas French marigold Tagetes patula French rose Rosa gallica Fringed hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Funeral cypress Cupressus funebris Gadaw Rubus birmanicus Rubus moluccanus Gahkyeng Rubus rosaefolius Galphimia vine Tristellateia australasiae Gamang Rubus lasiocarpus Gamaw Rubus lasiocarpus Gamon-gwin-doe Helicodiceras muscivorus Gamon-gya Xanthosoma lindenii Gamon-inn Dendrobium scabrilingue Gamon-kwin-htoe Crinum latifolium Gamon-kyetthun-phyu Fritillaria roylei Gamon-la-win Eucharis grandiflora Gamon-ni Kaempferia parviflora Gamon-pyan Peliosanthes humilis Gamon-thanga-zin Eulophia campestris Gamon-zedi Phaius flavus Gamon-zedigyi Phaius tankervillae Ga-naing-gyo Dimocarpus longan Ganaing-kyetthayay Euphorbia pucherrima Ganaing--nabe-pauk Dendrobium crepidatum Ganan-letma Heliconia latispatha Heliconia stricta Gandama Ismelia versicolor Gandasein Prosopis juliflora Prosopis spicigera Ganga Glinus oppositifolius Gangala Borreria hispida Gisekia pharnaceoides Gynandropsis gynandra Gan-gala Oldenlandia alata Ganga-la-acho Glinus oppositifolius Ganga-lar Oldenlandia diffusa Gangaw Mesua ferrea Gangawlwe Anneslea fragrans Gan-gaw-nwe Cardiopteris quinqueloba Ganoi Ficus elastica Gant-galar Cleome viscosa Ga-ok Myrica nagi Myrica sapida Garden arum Arum orientale Garden beet Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 409 Beta vulgaris Garden cress Lepidium sativum Garden croton Codiaeum variegatum Garden geranium Pelargonium hortorum Garden hydrangea Hydrangea hortensia Garden mint Mentha spicata Garden nasturtium Tropaeolum majus Garden petunia Petunia hybrida Garden quinine Clerodendrum inerme Garden thyme Thymus serpyllum Garlic Allium sativum Garlic tree Crateva magna Gattung Ficus mysoriensis Gatzi Ficus benjamina Ficus comosa Gaub persimmon Diospyros peregrina Gaung-onsa Moghania strobilifera Gawkngu Cassia fistula Gawkng-uchyamang Lagerstroemia speciosa Gawngkyeng Lonicera macrantha Gawnkyeng Lonicera braceana Gawra-kha-nan-nan Zanthoxylum armatum Gaw-thazin Boussingaultia baselloides Gaw-tha-zin Tridynamia spectabilis Gebanga palm Corypha utan Gekoilay Spondias laxiflora Gekolay Allospondias laxiflora Gen-kaw Premna bracteata Gerbera Gerbera jamesonii Giant aroid Dracontium gigas Giant bamboo Dendrocalamus giganteus Giant granadilla Passiflora quadrangularis Giant swallow-wort Calotropis gigantea Giant taro Alocasia indica Alocasia macrorrhizos Ginbeik Basella alba Ginger Zingiber officinale Ginger lily Hedychium coronarium Ginsa Castanopsis indica Ginsa kinsa Castanopsis tribuloides Ginsa-matsawi Castanopsis tribuloides Ginshatake Pyrus khasiana Globe amaranth Gomphrena globosa Globe artichoke Cynara cardunculus Glory lily Gloriosa superba Glory of Mahabaleshwar Crotalaria retusa Glorybower Clerodendrum philippinum Goa bean Dolichos tetragonolobus Dolichos uniflorus Goat's foot creeper Ipomoea pes-caprae Goatweed Ageratum conyzoides Goba-wa Gigantochloa apus Gold mohur Delonix regia Gold thread Coptis teeta Golden apple Spondias dulcis Golden bamboo Bambusa vulgaris Golden coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria Golden mahogany Chukrasia tabularis Golden plantain Musa sapientum Golden shower Pyrostegia venusta Goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia Gon Boehmeria nivea Castanopsis argyrophylla Castanopsis indica Castanopsis tribuloides Gon-cho Leptadenia reticulata Gongamam Colchicum autumnale Gongaman Pedilanthus latifolius Pedilanthus tithymaloides Gon-ga-man Crocus sativus Gonmin Alpinia allughas Amomum corynostachyum Gon-nwe Leptadenia reticulata Gon-nyin Entada pursaetha Gon-nyin-nwe Entada pursaetha Gonnyin-ya Breynia rhamnoides Gon-shaw Corchorus aestuans Corchorus capsularis Corchorus olitorius Goosefoot Chenopodium album Gorakha-buthi Sechium edule Gorakha-thi Sechium edule Gorgon fruit Euryale ferox Gorse Ulex europaeus Gouty-stemmed jatropha Jatropha podagrica Gowt Myrica nagi Grain amaranth Amaranthus gangeticus Gram chickpea Cicer arietinum Grape Vitis vinifera Grapefruit Citrus paradisi Grapevine Vitis vinifera Grass Cannabis sativa Grass wrack Zostera marina Graw-grawp Dillenia pentagyna Graywood Terminalia bialata Great Indian millet Sorghum bicolor Greater cardamon Amomum subulatum Greater duckweed Lemna polyrhiza Greater galangal Alpinia conchigera Grecian foxglove Digitalis lanata Green aloe Furcraea foetida Green ebony Appendix I: Common Names 410 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Diospyros chloroxylon Mussaenda calycina Hairy indigo Green summer grass Gyian Indigofera hirsuta Urochloa distachya Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Hairy paspalum Groundnut Gyianbo Paspalum dilatatum Arachis hypogaea Elaeocarpus braceanus Hak Guar Gyin Melanorrhoea usitata Cyamopsis tetragonloba Zingiber officinale Hak-hpu Guava Gyinsein Olea dioica Psidium guajava Zingiber officinale Hani Guinea com Gyit-nalata Lagerstroemia speciosa Sorghum bicolor Naravelia zeylanica Har-naun Guinea grass Gyo Lablab niger Panicum junctontorum Schleichera oleosa Haron Urochloa maxima Gyobo Pterygota alata Gulu Walsura robusta Hashish Sterculia urens Walsura trichostemon Cannabis sativa Gum arabic tree Gyobo-ywet-the Hasip Acacia suma Dalbergia ovata Hibiscus sabdariffa Gumba Gyo-gin Hawnan-gamon Mussaenda glabra Homalium griffithianum Aglaonema pictum Gup-chyu Gyo-gya-myet Hawthorn Firmiana colorata Eragrostis gangetica Osteomeles anthyllifolia Gupju Gyogyi Ha-yang Firmiana colorata Tamarix dioica Croton roxburghianus Gupju-hta Gyok Hedge mustard Firmiana colorata Diospyros montana Sisymbrium alliaria Gwe Diospyros oleifolia Hemlock Spondias mangifera Gyo-khamet Tsuga brunoniana Spondias pinnata Walsura trichostemon Henbane Gwe-cho Gyo-lay-pyauk Hyoscyamus niger Spondias dulcis Desmodium cephalotes Henna Gwedauk Gyo-lu Lawsonia inermis Bhesa robusta Panicum antidotale Herald's trumpet Kurrimia robusta Gyo-ma Beaumontia grandiflora Gwe-dauk Schleichera trijuga Herb of grace Cnestis ramiflora Gyon Ruta graveolens Gwe-dauk-hmwe-sok Triticum aestivum Hgnet-chauk Cyclea arnottii Triticum durum Eucalyptus pilularis Gwedauk-hmwe-sok Triticum guticum Eucalyptus resinifera Cyclea peltata Gyo-ni Eucalyptus saligna Gwe-dauk-nwe Eleusine coracana Hill toon Wattakaka volubilis Gyon-saba Cedrela serrata Gwedauk-nwe Hordeum vulgare Himalayan cypress Dregea volubilis Gyopan Cupressus torulosa Myriopteron extensum Polyalthia crassa Himalayan hazel Gwedauk-thein Gyo-pan Corylus ferox Telosma pallida Flemingia chappar Himalayan maple Gwe-nge-pe Gyo-sagauk Acer oblongum Mucuna cochinchinensis Chrozophora plicata Hinga-baung Mucuna utilis Gyosa-gauk-pin Momordica dioica Gwi-lakajawng Xanthium strumarium Hingadu Girardinia heterophylla Gyosa-myet Diospyros undulata Gwin-nge Urochloa villosa Hingala Mucuna pruriens Gyu-myit Acmella calva Gyabo-zawnan Allium tuberosum Gisekia pharnaceoides Caesalpinia mimosoides Gyut Gynandropsis gynandra Gyat-pin Diospyros variegata Hingalar Desmodium diffusum Gyut-nwe Oldenlandia corymbosa Gyaung-byu Combretum squamosum Hingut Ehretia laevis Getonia floribunda Dolichandrone spathacea Gya-wa Gnetum montanum Hingut-pho Bambusa pallida Gnetum scandens Stereospermum colais Cephalostachyum latifolium Hageir Hingut-po Gyee-yay Gardenia coronaria Stereospermum colais Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 41] Hinka-nwe Amaranthus blitoides Hin-nu-nwe Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthus gangeticus Amaranthus mangostanus Amaranthus paniculatus Amaranthus viridis Hin-nu-nwe-subauk Amaranthus spinosus Hin-nu-nwe-ywet-hla Amaranthus tricolor Hitingra-hpraw Justicia adhatoda Hka-chyingtawng Hydrangea robusta Hkajang-nai Streblus asper Hkalam Duabanga grandiflora Hkala-shwang Anthocephalus morindaefolius Hkamari Salix tetrasperma Hka-mari Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Hka-mone Hoya burmanica Hkang-awng Antiaris toxicaria Hkan-gowngru Alaeanthus kurzii Hkanjawi Solanum indicum Hka-numri Debregeasia longifolia Hka-shatawi Bischofia javanica Hkawe-thi-ah-hka Luffa acutangula Hkaw-hka Momordica charantia Hkawhkam-kaju Solanum torvum Hkawlum Strychnos nux-blanda Hke-padein-ngo Calanthe herbacea Hkhinkang Gardenia coronaria Hking-ko Jasminum caudatum Hkior Dalbergia cultrata Hkit-langru Gnetum montanum Hko-mak-awa Mucuna pruriens Hko-mak-nim Entada pursaetha Hko-mak-num Entada pursaetha Hkri Melanorrhoea usitata Hkringmau Clerodendrum petasites Hkri-pun Holigarna kurzii Hku-kwang Naravelia zeylanica Hkung-rang-shat Dysoxylum binectariferum Hkun-pa Citrus sinensis Hku-sang-ma-nwai Tinospora nudiflora Hkwa-nyo Solanum dulcamara Hkwe-thay-pan Eupatorium cannabinum Hla-ei-ka-ri Phalaenopsis pulcherrima Hlae-sar-nwe Connarus paniculatus Hlekan Bridelia stipularis Hle-kanan Bridelia retusa Hlesa-nwe Connarus paniculatus Hleza-gyi Cissus repanda Hlim hlerm Melia azedarach HIwain Dalbergia cultrata Hmaik Alangium begoniaefolia Alangium chinense Cordia grandis Hmaing Dodonaea viscosa Zollingeria macrocarpa Hmaing-kan-setku Broussonetia papyrifera Hmanba Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Hman-byu Gardenia turgida Hmandaw Garcinia xanthochymus Hmangu Elaeagnus latifolia Pygeum anomalum Hman-ni Gardenia erythroclada Hman-phyu Randia uliginosa Hman-pwa Leptochloa panicea Hmansi Sauropus compressus Hman-thein Cinnamomum obtusifolium Hman-thin Cinnamomum pachyphyllum Cinnamomum verum Hmanthin-po Cinnamomum tavoyanum Hmatkyauk Cordia fragrantissima Hmaw Pistia stratiotes Hmaw-yan Strobilanthes auriculatus Hmaw-yone Crypteronia paniculata Hmekaung Zanthoxylum budrunga Hmethma Ixora tomentosa Hminkya Elaeocarpus robustus Hmin-that-pin Euphorbia hypericifolia Hmo-chin Oxalis corniculata Hmo-chin-gyi Oxalis latifolia Hmwe-mintha Paphiopedilum concolor Hmwe-minthami Paphiopedilum spicerianum Hmwe-zak Osbeckia rostrata Hmwe-zok Congea tomentosa Hmwezok-ne-gya Tridax procumbens Hmya-seik Antiaris toxicaria Hmyin-phyu Dendrocalamus membranaceus Hmyin-wa Dendrocalamus membranaceus Dendrocalamus strictus Pseudoxytenanthera hosseusii Hmyinwa-aphyu Dendrocalamus membranaceus Hmyin-wa-gyi Dendrocalamus membranaceus Hnan Sesamum indicum Hnan-gyi Sesamum indicum Hnan-kyat Linum usitatissimum Hnan-pyaung Sorghum bicolor Hnat-cho Baliospermum axillare Hnaw Adina cordifolia Hnaw-thein Mitragyna rotundifolia Hnee-wa Bambusa burmanica Hne-pan Petunia hybrida Hngetchauk Eucalyptus amygdalina Hnget-chauk Appendix I: Common Names 412 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus citriodora Eucalyptus cornuta Eucalyptus globulus Hngetdaw-ni Axonopus compressus Hnget-gale Delphinium ajacis Hnget-kway-sa Capparis sepiaria Hnget-kyauk Melaleuca leucadendron Hnget-ma-na-khin-sa Anagallis arvensis Hnget-thagya Muntingia calabura Hnin-pan Polianthes tuberosa Zephyranthes carinata Hnin-pan-ni Zephyranthes rosea Hnin-pan-phyu Zephyranthes puertoricensis Hnin-pan-wa Zephyranthes texana Hninsi Rosa damascena Hnin-si Rosa centifolia Rosa gallica Hnin-si-ani Rosa indica Hnin-si-phyu Rosa alba Hnin-thagya Chrysophyllum cainito Hnin-thi Malus pumila Hnin-thi-pin Syzygium jambos Hnit Bruguiera parviflora Hnithi-pan Barleria polytricha Hnit-oo-pan Dendrobium bensoniae Hoary basil Ocimum americanum Hog plum Spondias pinnata Hollyhock Althaea rosea Holly-leaved acanthus Acanthus ilicifolius Holy basil Ocimum sanctum Hon Derris elliptica Honey locust Prosopis juliflora Hon-nwe Anamirta paniculata Hon-pin Streptocaulon tomentosum Hon-zaya Casearia graveolens Hoop pine Araucaria cunninghamti Hops Humutlus lupulus Horn of plenty Datura metel Hornbeam Carpinus londoniana Carpinus viminea Horse bean Canavalia gladiata Dolichos uniflorus Horse cassia Cassia grandis Horse chestnut Aesculus indica Aesculus punduana Horse mint Mentha longifolia Horse-gram Dolichos uniflorus Horseradish tree Moringa oleifera Ho-teaina Daucus carota Hou-no Careya arborea House leek Sempervivum tectorum Hpadawng Mallotus philippinensis Hpa-gamon Alocasia cucullata Hpak-ha Sum-hkawn Acacia concinna Hpak-ha-awn Acacia pennata Hpak-hi Ficus lacor Ficus virens Hpak-ko-suk Celastrus paniculatus Hpak-lam-mon-long Cassia alata Hpak-lu Ficus glomerata Hpak-mong Cordia dichotoma Hpak-se-saw Momordica cochinchinensis Hpak-si-so Premna amplectens Hpak-wun Kurrimia robusta Hpala Amomum sericeum Zingiber panduratum Hpala-gyi Amomum subulatum Hpalan Hedychium stenopetalum Hpala-napeik Peucedanum parkinsonii Hpalap Camellia caudata Camellia drupifera Hpala-yaing Elettaria cardamomum Hpa-lettet-thitkwa Pleione forrestii Hpang Calophyllum inophyllum Mitragyna parvifolia Hpat Xylia xylocarpa Hpaung-hpaung-thi Physalis peruviana Hpauwu Ficus hispida Hpaw Trevesia palmata Hpawng-awn Mallotus philippinensis Hpawng-long-awn Bixa orellana Hpaw-thit Ochroma pyramidale Hpaye Citrullus lanatus Hpayon Cucurbita moschata Hpet-chin Gastrochilus longifolia Hpet-nan Clerodendrum squamatum Hpo-kwe Glochidion heyneanum Hpun Carallia brachiata Hpun ja Aegle marmelos Hpung-gaya Gardenia erythroclada Hpunhkyin-kang Gardenia coronaria Hpun-hpawk Mayodendron igneum Hpun-htawk-hpun Rhynchotechum vestitum Hpun-ja Siphonodon celastrineus Hpunlasi Cajanus cajan Hpunmang Diospyros lotus Hpun-mang Diospyros burmanica Hpun-mang sabyin Diospyros kaki Hpun-nammachya Aporusa roxburghii Hpunnam-makawk Spondias pinnata Hpu-no Ardisia wallichii Hpunpraw Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 413 Alangium begoniaefolia Alangium chinense Hpunsha Anogeissus acuminata Hpunsi Eurya acuminata Hpyan Cajanus cajan Hpyaw-ye-thitkwa Vanilla planifolia Hpyu-sar-myet Saccharum bengalense Hriang Betula alnoides Hroirwk Terminalia bellerica Hru Juglans regia Hsan-to-nouk Glycine max Hta Punica granatum Hta-gahta-kahta Sterculia ornata Sterculia villosa Htakyu Emblica officinalis Htal-ting Quercus incana Htama-gyauk Gomphostemma lucidum Hta-ma-sok Glochidion glaucifolium Glochidion heyneanum Hta-ma-soke Glochidion coccineum Hta-min-sok Glochidion glaucifolium Glochidion hirsutum Phyllanthus lanceolarius Htamin-sok-phyu Glochidion assamicum Htan Borassus flabellifer Htan-kyetthun Allium ampeloprasum Htan-ni Latania lontaroides Htapang Dolichos tetragonolobus Htattaya-pan Zinnia elegans Htauk-kyant Terminalia crenulata Htaura Acacia pennata Htawbat-ngetpyaw Musa sapientum Htawbat-pe Phaseolus lunatus Htaw-bat-thi Persea americana Htaw-bat-thi-pin Persea americana Htaw-labat Rhinacanthus communis Hteik-kaung-pin Polyalthia laterifolia Htein Mitragyna parvifolia Htein-kala Nauclea sessilifolia Htein-thay Mitragyna parvifolia Hti-ga-yon-gale Neptunia javanica Hti-myet Cyperus amabilis Htingra Cystacanthus pulcherrimus Htingra-hpraw Justicia adhatoda Justicia gendarussa Hti-nyet Cyperus imbricatus Htinyu Pinus insularis Htin-yu-pan Clerodendrum colebrookianum Hti-pan Holmskioldia sanguinea Htiyo-wa Thyrsostachys siamensis Hto-pe-ton Phaseolus vulgaris Htum-kan-pun Syzygium praecox Hun Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Hwaol Phoebe attenuata Hyang Alnus nepalensis Hyinbyin Tanyin-ywe Gnetum gnemon Ice plant Tetragonia expansa Tetragonia tetragonoides In Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Inbo Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Inchin Aporusa macrophylla Indaing Apocopis burmanicus Indaing-myauk-ni Heteropogon triticeus Indaing-myet Andropogon fastigiatus Eragrostis amabilis Indaing-myet-kha Andropogon brevifolius Dichanthium caricosum Indaing-seni Ochna fruticulosa Ochna wallichii Indaing-thekke Erianthus ravennae Indaing-thidin Mallotus clellandii India rubber Ficus elastica Indian almond Terminalia catappa Indian arrowroot Curcuma angustifolia Indian ash Fraxinus floribunda Indian bean Lablab niger Indian birth wort Aristolochia indica Indian blue water-lily Nymphaea nouchali Indian buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum Indian butter tree Diploknema butyracea Indian cassia lignea Cinnamomum tamala Indian chestnut Castanopsis indica Indian cork tree Millingtonia hortensis Indian cotton Gossypium arboreum Indian dill Anethum graveolens Indian elm Holoptelea integrifolia Indian fig Ficus palmata Indian gum-arabic tree Acacia nilotica Indian jalap Operculina turpethum Indian kamala Mallotus philippinensis Indian laburnum Cassia fistula Indian leek Allium tuberosum Indian lilac Lagerstroemia indica Indian lotus Nelumbo nucifera Indian mahogany Toona ciliata Indian mustard Brassica juncea Indian pink Ipomoea quamoclit Indian privet Vitex negundo Indian rhubarb Rheum nobile Indian sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus Indian senna Cassia angustifolia Indian shot Appendix I: Common Names 414 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Canna indica Indian silver Terminalia bialata Indian sorrel Oxalis corniculata Indian spikenard Nardostachys jatamansi Indian spinach Basella alba Indian spiral ginger Costus speciosus Indian strawberry Potentilla indica Indian traveler's joy Clematis gouriana Indian tuba root Derris ferruginea Indian water-lily Nymphaea nouchali Indian white rose Rosa alba Indian wormwood Artemisia vulgaris Indigo Indigofera tinctoria In-gamon Alocasia sanderiana Ingyin Shorea siamensis In-hmwe-sok Dipterocarpus obtusifolius In-kathit Erythrina variegata Inkyaw Bhesa paniculata Ipecac Cephaelis ipecacuanha Ironwood tree Memecylon umbellatum Mesua ferrea Isphagula Plantago ovata Italian millet Setaria italica Ivy gourd Cephalandra indica Ixora Ixora arborea Jack bean Canavalia gladiata Jadum Maesa indica Maesa mollis Jadum-kaba Maesa mollis Jahkraw Lindera caudata Jahtung-banghn Elaeocarpus hygrophilus Jahtungh-kring-mau Clerodendrum colebrookianum Jamani-chon Chromolaena odorata Jang-bawng Zanthoxylum budrunga Jangbawngla Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Jangnai Balanostreblus ilicifolia Jang-nai-jutu Balanostreblus ilicifolia Japan camphor tree Cinnamomum camphora Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Japanese pepper Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Japanese wax tree Rhus succedanea Japan-gangaw Anemone japonica Japan-mondaing Cycas revoluta Japan-ne-gya Melampodium divaricatum Japan-padauk Galphimia gracilis Japawraw Schefflera elata Jasmine tobacco Nicotiana alata Java Ixora javanica Java almond Canarium commune Java palm Oncosperma tigillarium Java plum Syzygium cumini Jerusalem artichoke Helianthus tuberosus Jerusalem cherry Solanum pseudocapsicum Jerusalem thorn Parkinsonia aculeata Jew's mallow Corchorus olitorius Jinbaung-gala Zanthoxylum scandens Jing jawngla Leea aequata Jin-ga Glinus oppositifolius Jingbawng Zanthoxylum budrunga Jingbawngla Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Jingdum Maesa indica Jivika Sida carpinifolia Job's tears Coix lacryma-jobi Johnson grass Sorghum halepense Johore Jack Artocarpus rigida Jonquil Narcissus jonquilla Joseph's coat Amaranthus tricolor Joung-pung Gynocardia odorata Jujube Ziziphus jujuba Jungle geranium Ixora coccinea Jungle rice Echinochloa colona Jung-pung Aberia gardnerii Juniper Juniperus coxii Jupuru Capparis cathcarti Jute Corchorus olitorius Jyula Mussaenda macrophylla Ka-aung Ficus hispida Ficus oligodon Ka-aung-gale Ficus clavata Kabaing Ceriops roxburghiana Kabala Citrus aurantium Kaban Anisoptera costata Anisoptera curtisii Vatica scaphula Kaban-bok Anisoptera costata Kaban-bwe Anisoptera coSstata Kaban-thangyin Shorea roxburghii Kaban-than-gyin Shorea henryana Kaban-ywet-the Anisoptera scaphula Kaban-ywet-they Shorea roxburghii Kaba-oo-bin Ginkgo biloba Kabaung Celtis cinnamomea Strychnos nux-blanda Strychnos nux-vomica Kabaung-nwe Strychnos acuminata Strychnos hypogyna Strychnos laurina Kabaung-ye-kyi Strychnos potatorum Kabba Parashorea stellata Kabe Ormosia robusta Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 415 Kabey Syzygium pseudolaetum Kabu Brassica oleracea Kabu-hpyu Brassica rapa Kabwi Casuarina equisetifolia Kachin-wa Gigantochloa kachinensis Kadat Dioscorea wallichii Kadat-ngan Artabotrys hexapetalus Cananga odorata Kadauk Aporusa wallichii Kadauk-sat Monochoria vaginalis Kadaung Bombax insigne Kadaw-myet Sorghum nitidum Kadawn Jasminum attenuatum Jasminum multiflorum Kadawnla Jasminum multiflorum Kadaw-sut Dendrobium draconis Kadet Crateva magna Kadet-kha Crateva magna Kadiba Diospyros discolor Kadiba-thi Diospyros discolor Kadiba-ywethla Coleus blumei Kadok-kadet Connarus monocarpus Uncaria sclerophylla Kadu Blumea virens Gynura cusimbua Sphaeranthus indicus Sphaeranthus peguensis Strobilanthes hossei Kadu-galay-pin Launaea acaulis Cyanthillium cinereum Kadut Ficus hispida Parashorea stellata Shorea cinerea Ka-dut Ficus cunia Kadut-kadet Connarus paniculatus Kadut-me Parashorea stellata Kadut-ni Parashorea stellata Shorea cinerea Kadu-u Dioscorea sativa Kael-koop Leucomeris decora Kagyi Garcinia cowa Kagyi-the-myet Ischaemum rugosum Kahpalap Rosa involucrata Ka-hpi Coffea canephora Coffea liberica Kahur Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Kaiching Rubus corchorifolius Kaing Mnesithea striata Saccharum spontaneum Triraphis madagascariensis Kaingbyu-mi Cymbopogon nardus Kaing-de-o-bok Chrysopogon zizanioides Kaing-deo-bok Themeda arundinacea Themeda x intermedia Kaingmin-pin Gomphostemma javanicum Kaing-ni Miscanthus fuscus Kaing-paungka Eragrostis japonica Kaingpya Viburnum coriaceum Kaing-pyaung Kakane Erythroxylum cuneatum Kakaung-ni Dysoxylum binectariferum Kakaw-li Pentasacme balsamicum Kakhit Calliandra umbrosa Kakkata-theingi Rhus succedanea Kakri-singi Pistacia integerrima Kak-sawk Citrus reticulata Kal Cordia dichotoma Kala-ahlu Coleus parviflorus Kalabin Kopsia fruticosa Kala-chin-baung-gyi Rumex vesicarius Kala-dawna Angelonia cornigera Kala-kha-we Luffa acutangula Kala-kimmun Sapindus rarak Kalak-thiang Cryptocarya griffithiana Kala-lettok Sorghum bicolor Kala-magyi Pithecellobium dulce Kala-marauk Manihot esculenta Kala-met Mansonia gagei Kalamet-ywet-kya Gaillardia pulchella Kalamin-gyin Dimocarpus longan Kalamin-kye Elaeocarpus griffithii Ka-la-min-tha Calamintha umbrosa Kala-myetsi Cardiospermum corindum Kala-myetsi-galay Cardiospermum halicacabum Kala-myetsi-pinzauk-gyi Kaduhkakan Ripidium procerum Physalis peruviana Pyrularia edulis Kaingsan-mi Kalan Kadu-hpo Setaria palmifolia Melaleuca leucadendron Ageratum conyzoides Kaing-swe-le Kala-padauk Kadu-kywet-na Themeda x intermedia Dalbergia sisoo Laggera flava Kai-sang-mi Kala-pan Kadu-milaung Millettia extensa Tagetes erecta Ehretia laevis Kaji-ta Kala-pe Kadung Buddleja paniculata Cicer arietinum Bombax ceiba Kaju Kala-pi-sein Kadung-hta Solanum indicum Ocimum sanctum Sterculia foetida Kaka-mayi Kala-pyaung Kadu-pyan Anamirta paniculata Sorghum bicolor Appendix I: Common Names 416 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Sorghum sudanense Kalar-chinbaung Rheum nobile Kalar-chinbaung-nge Rumex crispus Kalar-paung Alstonia rostrata Kalar-taukkyant Terminalia arjuna Kala-sat Pennisetum glaucum Kalasaung-letwa Opuntia cochenillifera Kala-taukkyan Terminalia arjuna Kala-thapan Ficus palmata Kalaw Gynocardia odorata Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Hydnocarpus kurzii Hydnocarpus macrocarpa Kalaw-ga Excoecaria oppositifolia Kalaw-maw Canarium coccineo-bracteatum Kalaw-ni Hydnocarpus macrocarpa Hydnocarpus verrucosus Kalaw-pyu Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Kalaw-so Hydnocarpus heterophyllus Hydnocarpus kurzii Kalaw-wa Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Kalay Holigarna albicans Kalazaung-letwa Opuntia dillenii Kalazaw Opuntia dillenii Kal-beir-kan Phaseolus lunatus Kale Brassica oleracea Ka-leik Coix lacryma-jobi Kalein Caesalpinia crista Caesalpinia digyna Caesalpinia hymenocarpa Caesalpinia major Coix lacryma-jobi Kalein-byu Gardenia turgida Kalein-thi Coix lacryma-jobi Kale-o Melocalamus compactiflorus Kalet Leea indica Kalon-letthe Phyllanthus columnaris Polyscias fruticosa Kalon-taing-baw Indigofera viscosa Kalot Dillenia pentagyna Kalwa Cerbera manghas Kalya-ni Salvia coccinea Salvia splendens Kamaing-thwe Lagerstroemia tomentosa Ka-man-ga Sphenodesme griffthiana Kamaung-ni Lagerstroemia speciosa Kamaung-phyu Lagerstroemia floribunda Kamaung-yegyi Duabanga grandiflora Kambala Sonneratia apetala Kame Sonneratia apetala Kam-gaw Xanthophyllum lanceatum Kamyaing Ceriops roxburghiana Kamyaing-sa-shaw Combretum squamosum Kamyin Lithocarpus fenestrata Vatica odorata Kamyin-wa Schizostachyum distans Kanabaw Alternanthera nodiflora Ludwigia adscendens Kana-hpaw Enhydra fluctuans Kanakho Croton tiglium Kanakho-gale Croton calococcus Kanaso Baccaurea flaccida Baccaurea parviflora Baccaurea sapida Kanazo Heritiera fomes Kanbalu Nardostachys jatamansi Urochloa setigera Kanbawngnlap Antidesma diandrum Kandauk Senna hirsuta Kane-pee Schefflera hypoleuca Kanghkoi Loxostigma griffithii Kangyok Plumbago indica Kangyok-ni Plumbago rosea Kan-gyoknyo Plumbago auriculata Kan-gyok-nyo Plumbago capensis Kan-gyok-phyu Plumbago zeylanica Kan-gyok-pya Plumbago capensis Kan-kaya Uvaria cordata Kannyut Asparagus officinalis Kanoi Ficus elastica Kanpalu Valeriana wallichii Kant-balu Trachyspermum roxburghianum Kan-tin Indigofera pulchella Kant-pa-lu Anaphalis busua Ka-nwe Sphenodesme unguiculata Kanwe-bin Ficus heterophylla Kanyaung Shorea thorelii Kanyin Dipterocarpus alatus Dipterocarpus baudii Dipterocarpus dyeri Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpus turbinatus Kanyin-byan Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Dipterocarpus kerrii Kanyin-byu Dipterocarpus alatus Kanyin-gok Dipterocarpus obtusifolius Kanyin-kyaung-che Vatica dyeri Vatica maingayi Kanyin-ni Aleurites moluccana Dipterocarpus costatus Dipterocarpus retusus Dipterocarpus turbinatus Kanyin-wettaung Dipterocarpus costatus Kanyin-wet-taung Dipterocarpus turbinatus Kanyin-ywet-the Dipterocarpus costatus Ka-nyo Rungia repens Kanyut Ammannia baccifera Asparagus lycopodineus Asparagus racemosus Limnophila indica Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 417 Ka-nyut Asparagus filicinus Ludwigia perennis Kanyut-gale Asparagus plumosus Kanyut-net Curculigo orchioides Kanzaw Madhuca longifolia Kanzo Heritiera javanica Kanzwe Payena oleifera Kao-hko Butea superba Ka-on Clerodendrum villosum Kaphet-thein Leea crispa Kapok Ceiba pentandra Kappra-walli-ya Coleus aromaticus Karau Pinus khasya Karaunda Carissa carandas Karaway Carum carvi Cinnamomum impressinervium Lindera aromatica Lindera assamica Kara-way Cinnamomum inunctum Cinnamomum macrocarpum Karaway-si Carum carvi Karawe Cinnamomum impressinervium Cinnamomum inunctum Cinnamomum macrocarpum Cinnamomum multiflorum Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Karen potato Dioscorea esculenta Karen wood Heterophragma adenophylla Karsine-gale Triumfetta rotundifolia Kashit Pentace burmanica Kashit-ka Toona ciliata Kasit Cucumis trigonus Kasondeh Cordia dichotoma Kasu Styrax serrulatum Symplocos serrulatum Kat Castanopsis tribuloides Katasi-ne-gale Sida cordata Kataw-chying-hkrang Aesculus punduana Katcho Dioscorea birmanica Smilax macrophylla Kat-cho Smilax griffithii Katcho-gyi Smilax glabra Katha-wa Gigantochloa kathaensis Kathaw-pok Cassia obtusa Kathe Samadera indica Samadera lucida Kathi-ka Pentace burmanica Kathit Erythrina arborescens Erythrina fusca Erythrina stricta Erythrina suberosa Erythrina variegata Ka-thit-nyaung Gyrocarpus jacquinii Kathit-phyu Erythrina variegata Kathit-pyu Zanthoxylum rhetsa Kathit-su Zanthoxylum budrunga Kathit-ywethla Erythrina variegata Katmya Tarennoidea wallichii Katpali-padauk Pterocarpus dalbergioides Katpali-pyinma Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Katpali-thit Manilkara littoralis Kat-pho Myrica nagt Katsi-hne Setaria forbesiana Katsine Triumfetta annua Xanthium strumarium Kat-sine Urena lobata Katsi-ne Sida carpinifolia Sida cordifolia Sida rhombifolia Sida spinosa Sida subcordata Katsine-galay Triumfetta bartramia Triumfetta rhomboidea Kattara-thinche Pistacia integerrima Rhus succedanea Ka-tu-pin Elephantopus scaber Kauaung-wa Melocanna baccifera Kaukgyi-pan Clerodendrum squamatum Kauk-hlaing-te Aeginetia pedunculata Kauk--hlaing-ti Aeginetia indica Kaukkwe Capparis glauca Kauk-kweza Capparis burmanica Kauklawtro Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Kauktu Tlex umbellulata Kaukyin-gyi Hedychium coccineum Kauk-yin-nwe Dioscorea sativa Kauk-yo-nwe Convolvulus arvensis Oxystelma esculentum Kauli-thein Panax ginseng Kaulong Dillenia pentagyna Kaung Manglietia insignis Kaunggwe Capparis grandis Kaunghmu Anisoptera curtisil Kaung-hmu Anisoptera scaphula Kaung-hnyin-saba Oryza rufipogon Kaung-laung Duabanga grandiflora Kaung-nwe Aganosma marginata Kaung-nyin Maesa ramentacea Kaungyan-y wethla Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Kaw Randia dumetorum Kawbat Hevea brasiliensis Kawbut Manihot glaziovii Kawl-be Phaseolus lunatus Kawl-tung-peng Bombax ceiba Kawngwa Capparis grandis Kawok Cordia fragrantissima Kaw-phi-pin Coffea arabica Kawtanok Mesua ferrea Appendix I: Common Names 418 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Kawtho Dipterocarpus turbinatus Kawwe Parashorea stellata Kaya Aegiceras corniculatum Mimosa pudica Olea dentata Kaya-chon Acanthus ilicifolius Kaya-hmwe Elaeocarpus robustus Ka-yaing-bataing Dipterocarpus alatus Ka-yan-yaung-lIwin-pyin Dendrobium parishii Kayar Acanthus ebracteatus Kayaung-wa Melocanna baccifera Kayaw Excoecaria agallocha Kayein Sarcolobus globosus Kayin-kyaung-che Vatica odorata Kayin-myet Sorghum nitidum Kayin-wa Melocanna baccifera Kayin-wa-gale Melocanna arundina Kayu Sarcolobus globosus Kayu-lakka Dalbergia junghuhnii Kayun Albizia chinensis Albizia procera Kayu-pin pauk Desmodium renifolium Kayu-pinpeik Desmodium renifolium Kazaung Oncosperma tigillarium Kazaw Myrsine semiserrata Kazaw-bok Cassia occidentalis Kazaw-kha Solanum indicum Solanum torvum Kazaw-pok-nge Cassia sophera Kazazaw-bok Cassia tomentosa Ka-zo Cassia fistula Kazun Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea mauritiana Kazun-galay [pomoea aquatica Kazun-gyi Argyreia nervosa Kazun-nwe Ipomoea batatas Ipomoea turbinata Kazun-ywet Ipomoea aquatica Ke-chingpaw-hpun-praw Styrax grandiflorum Kein-na-ya Dendrobium longicornu Kein-na-yi Dendrobium draconis Dendrobium eriiflorum Ke-kha-pan Rhododendron simsii Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus Kenari-nut tree Canarium commune Ke-shing-zaung Ficus clavata Ketku-gamyin Styrax benzoin Ketlan Bauhinia diphylla Bauhinia pottsii Bauhinia scandens Ketlan-nwe Bauhinia yunnanensis Ketmya Garcinia merguensis Ke-yawyin-amilasi Styrax grandiflorum Keyse Litsea monopetala Kha-an Brassica oleracea Kha-aung Ficus hispida Kha-aung-gyi Clerodendrum petasites Kha-baung-kyein Calamus longisetus Khaing-nan-pho Gomphostemma parvifloum Khaing-nan-pya-pin Gomphostemma parvifloum Khaing-shwe-wa Mahonia nepalensis Solidago ulmifolia Khak-chat-dun Melocanna baccifera Khalaung-byu Chisocheton paniculatus Kha-lay-oo Brassica oleracea Khalzung Amoora wallichii Kha-mauk-kyo Dendrobium aphyllum Khamkawng Elaeocarpus dubius Khan Carissa carandas Khandauk Coptis teeta Thalictrum foliolosum Khanzat Carissa spinarum Khapone Tanom Butea monosperma Kha-ran-chine Lycopersicon esculentum Khar-daw-hmi Grevillea robusta Kha-rnawng Brassaiopsis hainla Khasi pine Pinus khasya Khas-khas grass Chrysopogon zizanioides Khatta Crinum amoenum Khatta-pan Eurycles amboinensis Khaung-bin Rhus paniculata Khaung-gale Rhus paniculata Khaung-tan Aganosma marginata Khaung-yan Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Khaung-yan-ywet-hla Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Khau-rang Sterculia foetida Kha-we-yaing Luffa acutangula Khaw-wen Sterculia villosa Khaya Acanthus ebracteatus Argemone mexicana Khayan Solanum melongena Khayan-gyin Lycopersicon esculentum Khayan-kazaw Solanum indicum Khayan-sat Solanum melongena Kha-yar Acanthus ilicifolius Acanthus leucostachyus Kha-yar-chon Acanthus ilicifolius Kha-yar-nwe Acanthus volubilis Khayay Manilkara hexandra Mimusops elengi Khayay-yaing Manilkara kauki Khayu Pluchea indica Khinbok Vallaris solanacea Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 419 Khine-shwe-war Mahonia nepalensis Khin-po-mai Brachycome iberidifolia Khon Styrax rugosum Khu-than Hymenodictyon orixense Khwa-nyo Clematis buchananiana Khwa-nyo-thitkwa Dendrobium fytchianum Khwa-phyu Clematis buchananiana Khwar-nyo-gyi Clematis smilacifolia Khwar-nyo-thitkwa Dendrobium cumulatum Dendrobium fytchianum Khwar-nyo-yaing Clematis gouriana Khwaw Dillenia pentagyna Khway-lay-pe Mucuna cochinchinensis Khwe-ami Perotis indica Khwe-ei-pok Sarcococca pruniformis Khwe-ka-dut Ficus hirta Khwe-labut-nwe Phaseolus grandis Khwe-labyut-nwe Dysolobium grande Khwele-ya Mucuna pruriens Khwemi-ani Setaria pumila Khwemi-apyu Setaria pumila Khwe-mi-pok Pennisetum glaucum Khwemi-pok Setaria pumila Khwe-pilaw Corchorus fascicularis Khwe-tayaw Boehmeria platyphylla Grewia humilis Waltheria indica Kia-bok Aegle marmelos Kidney bean Phaseolus vulgaris Kidney cotton Gossypium barbadense Kikuyu grass Paspalum distichum Paspalum vaginatum Pennisetum villosum Kinbalin Antidesma bunius Antidesma diandrum Antidesma ghesaembilla Antidesma velutinum Kinbalin-anet Maesa indica Kinbilin Antidesma collettii King of bitters Andrographis paniculata Kin-hmi-kauk-thitkwa-pan Arachnis maingayi Kinmauk-ka-gyi Clerodendrum nutans Kinmon Adenia cardiophylla Cephalandra indica Kinmum-gyin Acacia pruinescens Kin-mun Acacia concinna Kinmun-gyin Acacia concinna Acacia rugata Kinmya Diospyros kurzii Kinpadi Lepisanthes rubiginosa Sapindus rarak Sapindus trifoliatus Kinsa Castanopsis indica Quercus mespilifolia Kin-sone-pan Angelonia grandiflora Kin-thabut-gyi Chukrasia tabularis Tetradium glabrifolium Kiss-me-quick Euphorbia milii Klau-ne Ficus clavata Klaw Aquilaria agallocha Kler-po Myrsine capitellata Kloh Bombax insigne Klor Tectona grandis Knol-Khol Brassica oleracea Knotted lily Crinum latifolium Knotweed Polygonum aviculare Kobidok-gale Brassica oleracea Kobi-htoke Brassica oleracea Kobi-pwint Brassica oleracea Kodeik-sein Porana volubilis Kodo millet Paspalum longifolium Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea Kokhe Bombax anceps Kok-ka-ya Anacyclus pyrethrum Kokko Albizia lebbek Kokoe Theobroma cacao Konbu Salacia roxburghii Kon-chinya Flueggea leucopyrus Flueggea virosa Securinega obovata Kone-linne Cordyline fruticosa Kon-kadet Crateva magna Kon-kado Abelmoschus manihot Abelmoschus moschatus Kon-kathit Erythrina fusca Kon-mama Glochidion coccineum Kon-pyima Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Kon-thabye Eugenia operculata Kon-thaman Mnesithea granularis Kop-kwai Schoepfia fragrans Kosot-lot Butea superba Ko-yan-gyi Crinum ensifolium Hymenocallis speciosa Koyan-gyi Crinum asiaticum Koyan-nge Crinum defixum Kraikata Nauclea sessilifolia Krerk Mangifera indica Krishna mung Phaseolus radiatus Kroik Bombax ceiba Kruk Mangifera indica Ku-bemya Dolichos tetragonolobus Kudzu Pueraria lobata Pueraria phaseoloides Ku-hlu Emblica officinalis Ku-Ku Smilax macrophylla Kul-fa-thein Appendix I: Common Names 420 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tournefortia indicum Kun Euphorbia antiquorum Piper betle Kundan Stereospermum neuranthum Kundu-bo Derris robusta Kunga-seni-ok Acilepis aspera Kun-hmwe Pandanus odorus Kun-kado Kaempferia elegans Kun-kala Gymnosporia montana Kun-linne Cordyline fruticosa Kun-mya-san Paphiopedilum bellatulum Kun-nyin Acilepis saligna Kun-pyaung Sorghum bicolor Kun-pyaung-net Sorghum bicolor Kun-pyaung-pyu Sorghum bicolor Kunsa-gamon Alpinia galanga Kunsa-gamon-akyi Hedychium spicatum Kunthi-pin Areca catechu Kun-yayo Callicarpa rubella Kun-ywet-pin Piper betle Kurchi conessi Holarrhena pubescens Kursa-gamon Kaempferia galanga Ku-thi Strobilanthes scaber Kwanyo Clematis craibiana Naravelia laurifolia Naravelia zeylanica Kwa-nyo Clematis chrysocoma Thunbergia erecta Kwanyo-gyi Clematis sceleratus Dendrobium rhodopterygium Kwe Markhamia stipulata Kwet Limonia acidissima Kwe-tang-tu Urceola micrantha Kwe-ye-pe Mucuna utilis Kyabahon Flemingia chappar Kya-bahon Euphorbia pilulifera Grammatophyllum speciosum Kya-byu Nymphaea alba Kyachu Crotalaria striata Kya-gamon Paphiopedilum bellatulum Kyagyaw-nwe Poikilospermum suaveolens Kyagyi Calliandra umbrosa Kyahin Ipomoea alba Kya-hin Merremia umbellata Kyahin-bin Operculina turpethum Kya-hkaung-laung Barclaya longifolia Kya-hpetgyi Leea macrophylla Kyait Sterculia coccinea Kyakat Bambusa binghami Kyakat-wa Bambusa bambos Kya-linban Nymphoides indica Kyalo-wa Dendrocalamus brandisii Kyalu-wa Dendrocalamus asper Kya-mokseik Tacca integrifolia Kya-myet-lon Arctotis stoechadifolia Kyan Saccharum officinarum Saccharum sinense Kyana Xylocarpus moluccensis Kya-ni Nymphaea nouchali Kyanma Glochidion subterblancum Kyansa Balanostreblus ilicifolia Calliandra umbrosa Castanopsis tribuloides Taxotrophis zeylanica Kyan-sein-gale Saccharum spontaneum Kya-nyo Nymphaea nouchali Kyanza Castanopsis diversifolia Castanopsis rhamnifolia Rosa gigantea Toddalia aculeata Kya-pazat Antirrhinum majus Kya-pazat-gale Torenia fournieri Kya-petthein Leea aequata Leea crispa Kya-phyu Nymphaea pubescens Kya-pu Nymphaea tetragona Kya-pya Nymphaea nouchali Kyar-kun-thi Dalbergia stipulacea Kyasha Opuntia dillenii Kya-sha Boehmeria hamiltoniana Boehmeria nivea Kyasha-tha-phan Ficus hirta Kyasu Terminalia citrina Kyat Xanthium strumarium Kyathaung-myet Oplismenus burmannii Kyathaung-tu-thaik-tu Bambusa kyathaungtu Kyathaung-wa Bambusa polymorpha Kyathit-hninpan Belamcanda chinensis Kya-thit-mai Mimulus strictus Kya-thit-pan Arachnis flos-aeris Arachnis maingayi Kyat-nan Xylocarpus moluccensis Kyat-wa Cephalostachyum burmanicum Kyaugmi Setaria pumila Kyaukchin-gyi Begonia laciniata Kyauk-gamon Spathoglottis pubescens Kyauk-hkwe-pin Evolvulus alsinoides Kyauk-htinyu Abies densa Kyaukkat-nwe Hedera helix Kyauk-kat-nyaung-nwe Ficus pumila Kyauk-minbaw Caryota maxima Kyauk-mon-hnyin Abildgaardia ovata Kyauk-myet Pogonatherum paniceum Kyauk-padaw Eremopogon foveolatus Kyauk-padaw-myet Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 42] Brachiaria erucaeformis Kyaukpan Cupressus arizonica Kyauk-pan Canscora decussata Canscora diffusa Cupressus sempervirens Cupressus torulosa Pentasacme caudatum Kyauk-pan-pin Thuja occidentalis Thuja orientalis Kyauk-pan-pu Kochia scoparia Kyauk-payaung-pan Spathoglottis pubescens Kyauk-pha-yon Benincasa hispida Kyauk-sein-gamon Aglaonema nitidum Kyauk-tet-linle Cryptocoryne spiralis Kyauk-thingan Shorea farinosa Kyauk-thit-kwa Thunia marshalliana Kyauk-thitkwa-phyu Thunia alba Kyauk-tinya Cephalotaxus griffithii Kyauk-tinyu Taxus baccata Taxus wallichiana Kyauk-wa Capillipedium assimile Pogonatherum paniceum Kyaukwa-ame Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Kyauk-yaw-ga-saybin Psychotria rhinocerotis Kyaukyin Clerodendrum penduliflorum Kyaukyin-gyi Clerodendrum penduliflorum Kyauk-yo-nwe Clematis cadmia Kyaungban Vitex trifolia Kyaungban-gyi Vitex negundo Kyaungdauk Heteropanax fragrans Kyaung-dauk Pajanelia longifolia K yaung-hmi-pan Acalypha hispida Kyaung-kyet Caesalpinia cucullata Caesalpinia enneaphylla Caesalpinia grandis Kyaung-kyet-nwe Pterolobium indicum Kyaungme-ku Uraria macrostachya Kyaungme-pan Uraria lagopodioides Kyaung-migo Buddleja asiatica Kyaung-mi-nantha Rhynchostylis gigantea Kyaung-mi-tu Rhynchostylis retusa Kyaung-pazat Kickxia ramosissima Kyaung-se-pin Acalypha indica Kyaung-sha Oroxylum indicum Kyaung-sha-letto Heteropanax fragrans Pajanelia longifolia Kyaung-thwe Murraya koenigii Kyaung-wa Thyrsostachys siamensis Kyaung-wa-ame Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha Kyaung-yo-the Acalypha indica Kyau-wa Dipterocarpus alatus Kyauwar Dipterocarpus turbinatus Kyaw Nauclea sessilifolia Kya-wa Cephalostachyum virgatum Kyawy-u Dioscorea daemona Kye-byu Lespedeza prainti Kyee-baung Loranthus coccineus Kyeik Chionachne koenigii Coix gigantea Coix lacryma-jobi Kyeik-hman Eclipta alba Kyeik-kaing Coix gigantea Kyeiksat Memecylon elegans Kyein Calamus aggregatus Kyein-bok Calamus myrianthus Kyein-byu Calamus pseudorivalis Kyein-dan Calamus helferianus Kyein-htan Dypsis lutescens Kyein-kha Calamus robertsonianus Calamus viminalis Kyein-ni Calamus guruba Kyein-phan Plectocomia macrostachya Kyein-phyu Calamus helferianus Kyein-phyu-gale Calamus helferianus Kyemi-hpo Desmodium gangeticum Kyemi-ma Uraria picta Kyeng-lwai Elaeocarpus robustus Kyeng-preng Pithecellobium dulce Kyeni Moghania lineata Kye-ni Moghania macrophylla Kye-pya Plumbago auriculata Kyese Phoebe tavoyana Kyese-kyi-chi Dehaasia kurzii Kye-se-payon Nothaphoebe condensa Kyese-satna Dehaasia candolleana Kyese-ywetsa Phoebe lanceolata Kyetche-pan Dendrobium eriiflorum Kyet-gale Melastoma decemfidum Melastoma malabathricum Kyet-hin-ga Momordica dioica Kyet-hingale-nwe Merremia vitifolia Kyet-hinkha-nwe Adenia cardiophylla Kyet-hin-khar Momordica charantia Momordica dioica Kyet-hun-kha-thi Momordica charantia Kyet-kadut Ficus benjamina Ficus comosa Kyetkan Pithecellobium montanum Kyet-kon Archidendron clypearia Kyet-ma-oak Ardisia humilis Ardisia reflexa Kyet-maok Tetradium glabrifolium Kyet-ma-ok Ardisia oxyphylla Ardisia wallichii Kyetma-ok Ardisia colorata Appendix I: Common Names 422 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ardisia polycephala Ardisia solanacea Ardisia thomsonii Kyetma-ok-po Ardisia solanacea Kyetmauk Litchi chinensis Nephelium lappaceum Nephelium ramboutan-ake Kyet-mauk Amaranthus caudatus Celosia allmanoides Celosia argentea Celosia cristata Ehretia wallichiana Kyet-mauk-ni Cnestis ramiflora Kyet-mauk-nwe Ancistrocladus extensus Kyetmauk-po Aganosma marginata Kyet-mauk-pyan Achyranthes aspera Cyathula prostrata Kyet-mauk-sue-pyan Achyranthes aspera Kyetmauk-thein Xerospermum noronhianum Kyet-mauk-yaing Nephelium laurinum Kyetpaung Hevea brasiliensis Kyet-paung Urceola lucida Kyet-paung-bo Aganosma marginata Kyet-phet-yar Laportea interrupta Kyetsa-dan Lagerstroemia parviflora Kyet-sa-gwe Deeringia amaranthoides Kyet-sha Melothria heterophylla Zehneria umbellata Kyet-shaw Hibiscus mutabilis Kyetsu Jatropha pungens Ricinus communis Kyet-su-gyi Jatropha curcas Kyetsu-kanako Jatropha gossypifolia Kyet-taung-pan Dendrobium laciniosum Flickingeria fimbriata Kyet-tawsa Lagerstroemia parviflora Kyet-tayaw Grewia glabra Grewia hirsuta Grewia humilis Grewia laevigata Kyettet Uncaria pilosa Kyettet-nwe Combretum apetalum Combretum ovale Combretum pilosum Uncaria sessilifructus Kyet-tha-hin Phyllanthus niruri Sauropus albicans Kyet-thon-pyu-nwe Pyrostegia venusta Kyetthun-byu Allium sativum Kyetthun-hpyu-nwe Cydista aequinoctialis Kyetthun-ni Allium cepa Kyetthun-ni-gale Allium ascalonicum Kyet-thun-phyu-nwe Mansoa alliacea Kyettuyway-pan Gastrochilus calceolaris Kyettu-ywe-ni Aerides multiflorum Kyet-tu-ywe-pan Gastrochilus bellinus Gastrochilus calceolaris Kyettu-ywe-pan Acampe papillosa Ascocentrum curvifolium Heliconia psittacorum Kyet-u-hnit Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Kyet-u-hnit-pan-gale Dendrobium densiflorum Kyet-u-kyein Calamus platyspathus Kyetyo Hyptianthera stricta Premna latifolia Vitex canescens Vitex pubescens Vitex quinata Kyet-yon Jasminum rottlerianum Prismatomeris albidiflora Kyetyo-po Flacourtia cataphracta Vitex coriacea Vitex quinata Kyet-zinbyum Dillenia parviflora Kyey-hnoke-thi Aerides odoratum Kyi Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia angusta Kyi-ah Citrullus colocynthis Neoalsomitra sarcophylla Kyi-ah-gyi Trichosanthes cordata Kyi-arh Trichosanthes bracteata Kyibaung Agapetes loranthiflora Agapetes parishii Dendrophthoe falcata Henslowia heterantha Loranthus collettii Loranthus cordifolius Loranthus pulverulentus Macrosolen cochinchinensis Viscum album Viscum orientale Kyi-baung Loranthus albidus Loranthus odoratus Loranthus pentapetalus Kyi-byu Barringtonia racemosa Kyi-gyi Barringtonia angusta Barringtonia asiatica Kyi-kan-hnok-thi Thunbergia laurifolia Kyilan Shorea assamica Kyi-ni Barringtonia acutangula Kyi-ni-nwe Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Thunbergia coccinea Kyini-nwe Thunbergia laurifolia Kyi-pin Barringtonia cymosa Kyi-tha Barringtonia angusta Kyi-that-pin Anamirta paniculata Kyi-they Barringtonia macrostachya Kyit-pa-sit Hemigraphis flava Kyon-pha Lagerstroemia tomentosa Kyopan Desmodium latifolium Kyu Arundo donax Desmodium oblongum Neyraudia arundinacea Neyraudia reynaudiana Phragmites vallatoria Kyu-a Phragmites vallatoria Kyu-gyi Lobelia nicotianaefolia Kyu-kaing Phragmites vallatoria Kyu-ma Arundo donax Kyun Tectona grandis Kyun-bo Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 423 Premna pyramidata Premna tomentosa Kyun-gado Cinnamomum glanduliferum Kyungauk-nwe Vitex limonifolia Kyun-nabin-kaing Neyraudia reynaudiana Kyun-na-bin-paung Neyraudia arundinacea Kyun-nalin Callicarpa tomentosa Premna bengalensis Premna latifolia Premna pyramidata Kyu-wa-kaing Phragmites vallatoria Kyway-byu Pueraria tuberosa Kyway-nwe Colubrina asiatica Kyway-pin Dioscorea tomentosa Kyway-u Dioscorea cylindrica Dioscorea pentaphylla Kywe-bagwe Thalictrum foliolosum Kywe-danyin Callerya atropurpurea Ormosia robusta Pithecellobium dulce Kywe-da-nyin Helicia erratica Helicia excelsa Kywe-gale Derris microptera Kywe-gaw Citrus maxima Kywe-gyo Oxyceros longiflora Kywe-hin-byin Sabia paniculata Kywe-hna-kaung-gyeik Capparis spinosa Kywe-kaung Trapa natans Kywe-kyaung-myin-si Euphorbia heterophylla Kywe-lae-chaung Polygonum barbatum Kywele-pe Mucuna utilis Kywe-ma-gyo-lein * Stereospermum colais Kywema-gyo-lein Stereospermum suaveolens Kywe-no-pan Luculia gratissima Wendlandia ligustrina Kywe-nothi-nwe Uvaria hamiltonii Kywe-pyisin Antidesma bunius Kywe-sa Trema orientalis Trema tomentosa Kywe-thabye Syzygium formosum Kywe-tho Bischofia javanica Kywe-thwe Myristica angustifolia Myristica glaucescens Myristica prainii Premna integrifolia Kywet-malut Molineria capitulata Molineria latifolia Kywet-ma-lut Molineria latifolia Kywet-myi-pan Pholidota pallida Kywet-na Merremia emarginata Kywet-nabaung Cissampelos pareira Cocculus hirsutus Kywet-nwe Combretum squamosum Getonia floribunda Kywetsa-net Lithocarpus truncata Kywet-sa-ni Lithocarpus dealbatus Kywe-yan-nge Clerodendrum inerme Laba Sonneratia griffithii Labanru Spatholobus roxburghii Laban-ru Butea parviflora Labau Mitragyna rotundifolia Labe Sonneratia apetala Lablab bean Lablab niger Labrar Abarema bigemina Labri Morus indica Morus laevigata Labu-sa-kaw Rhynchotechum ellipticum Lac tree Schleichera oleosa Laced pink Dianthus plumarius Lachin Ligustrum nepalense Lachost Moghania macrophylla Lada-pa-byin Phlogacanthus tubiflorus Lady palm Rhapis excelsa Lady's finger Abelmoschus esculentus Lagat Ficus religiosa Lagum Ficus auriculata Lahkra-la Turpinia cochinchinensis Lahk-ran Strobilanthes rufescens Lahkru Mallotus albus Mallotus cochinchinensis Mallotus nepalensis Lahkru-kaji Mallotus cochinchinensis Lahkyang Bauhinia tomentosa Bauhinia viridescens Lahkylk Callicarpa tomentosa Lahpa Engelhardtia spicata Lahpawk Bridelia stipularis Bridelia tomentosa Lahpawkru Bridelia stipularis Laihpawma Citrus aurantiifolia Lai-makhan-phang Magnolia liliifera Laipin-hka Hygrophila salicifolia Laja Lahkran Macaranga denticulata Lale Meliosma simplicifolia Lamai Ficus cunia Lamaw juriu Capparis tenera Lamaw juru Caesalpinia cucullata Lamb's quarters Chenopodium album Lame Avicennia alba Avicennia officinalis Lamin Eurycles amboinensis Lamtoro seeds Leucaena leucocephala Lamu Arytera littoralis Lamum Prunus nepaulensis La-mung Mangifera indica Lamut Mangifera foetida Langbom Henslowia heterantha Langpum Appendix I: Common Names 424 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cayratia japonica Langsat Lansium domesticum Lan-salat Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Lan-tama Polyalthia longifolia Lantana Lantana aculeata Lanthan Xanthophyllum lanceatum La-pan Beaumontia grandiflora Lapdwi Polygala arillata Lapet Camellia drupifera Laphet Camellia caudata Camellia drupifera Camellia sinensis Laphet-nyo Acalypha siamensis Laphet-ywet-nge Eurya acuminata Laran Michelia champaca Larch Larix griffithiana Large honeysuckle Lonicera hildebrandiana Large sebasten Cordia wallichii Larkspur Delphinium ajacis Lasa-matut Combretum dasystachyum Lash-awng Anthocephalus morindaefolius Lashen Boehmeria nivea Lashi Tabernaemontana divaricata Lashiru Aspidopterys roxburghiana Gelsemium elegans Latang Lannea coromandelica La-thar-pan /pomoea carnea Latloot Morinda angustifolia Latsai Toona ciliata Latsen Stereospermum neuranthum Vitex quinata Laukmin Desmodium cephalotes Lauk-thay Tadehagi triquetrum Laukya Schima khasiana Schima wallichii Laukya-byu Schima wallichii Laungle Dalbergia lanceolaria Laung-pan Rhododendron simsii Laupe Lannea coromandelica Lavender Lavandula vera Lawi hkaw Citrus paradisi Lawidwi Citrus reticulata Citrus sinensis Lawihkraco Citrus maxima Lawihkri Citrus aurantiifolia Lawma Baccaurea bracteata La-wun-gamon Eurycles amboinensis Lay-gwa-myet Chloris barbata Laygwa-myet Chloris barbata Lay-hmyaung-let-tan-do Dendrobium farmeri Lay-hnyin Syzygium aromaticum Lay-hnyin-pan Ludwigia adscendens Lay-kyun-khatta Amaryllis belladonna Lay-kyun-kya-gaing Hippeastrum reticulatum Lay-min Albizia lebbekoides Securidaca inappendiculata Lay-nar-yi-pan Mirabilis jalapa Lay-nyin-gyi Ludwigia octovalvis Le-bwe Ulmus lancifolia Leek Allium ampeloprasum Lee-kokee Memecylon umbellatum Lee-ko-kee Memecylon edule Leeng Melanorrhoea usitata Legyun-lahpet Linociera macrophylla Le-hin-ga Dysophylla verticillata Leigeru Magnolia liliifera Leiko Memecylon plebejum Leik-pya-gamon Tacca chantrieri Leikpya-nwe Bauhinia diphylla Leik-pya-pan Phalaenopsis lowii Leik-sa Cryptocoryne ciliata Leik-su-ywe Barleria prionitis Leik-tha-ywe-pya Barleria cristata Leik-u-nwe Derris elegans Lein Terminalia pyrifolia Lein-hmaw Citrus reticulata Leinmaw Citrus sinensis Le-khaung-yan Pentapetes phoenicea Lelaw Olax psittacorum Lelu Olax psittacorum Le-lu Erythropalum scandens Le-lun Sapium baccatum Lemin Gelonium multiflorum Le-moh-pin Ceiba pentandra Lemon Citrus limon Lemon grass Cymbopogon citratus Lentil Lens culinaris Lenya-shaw Talipariti tiliaceum Leopard lily Belamcanda chinensis Le-padauk Monochoria hastaefolia Monochoria ovata Le-padu Hygrophila auriculata Lepa-du Plantago ovata Le-pwe Callicarpa rubella Lesser cardamon Elettaria cardamomum Lesser galangal Alpinia officinarum Lesser yam Dioscorea esculenta Let-htat-pan Gypsophila elegans Gypsophila paniculata Letkadon Alangium begoniaefolia Alangium chinense Let-ka-du Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 425 Artemisia persica Letkok Pterygota alata Sterculia foetida Letmaung-nwe Capparis trinervia Letme Wallichia disticha Let-me-kyein Calamus longisetus Letmwe-thaik Oplismenus burmannii Letpan Bombax ceiba Letpan-ga Alstonia scholaris Letpan-shaw Sterculia foetida Let-saung-pan Eria spicata Letset-pan Eria stricta Let-sit-pan Dendrobium revolutum Lettan-she Dendrobium moschatum Lettan-to Dendrobium pulchellum Letthe-zaung-myet Isachne globosa Lettok Holarrhena pubescens Lettok-gyi Holarrhena pubescens Lettok-thein Wrightia arborea Let-touk Vatica lanceaefolia Lettuce Lactuca sativa Letzin Callerya atropurpurea Levant cotton Gossypium herbaceum Lewah Ceiba pentandra Leza Lagerstroemia tomentosa Leza-byu Lagerstroemia calyculata Leza-ni Lagerstroemia tomentosa Lezin Ormosia watsonii Liang-lay Pyrularia edulis Liberian coffee Coffea liberica Light galangal Alpinia zerumbet Likphi-kyanyi-ngu-sa-ngum Prunus persica Lily of the valley Convallaria majalis Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus Lime Citrus aurantiifolia Limi Cleidion spiciflorum Linda-amauk Phlogacanthus gomezii Phlogacanthus tubiflorus Linda-pabyin Melastoma malabathricum Osbeckia crinita Osbeckia racemosa Lingsan Rubus ellipticus Ling-shi-ting Debregeasia longifolia Lingvoom Rubus lasiocarpus Lin-lay Acorus calamus Linlay-taung-pwin Sonerila secunda Lin-lun Sapium baccatum Sapium insigne Linmway-thaik-alat Centotheca lappacea Lin-ne Acorus calamus Linne-gyi Zingiber zerumbet Linseed Linum usitatissimum Lin-yaw Dillenia parviflora Lin-zin Duabanga grandiflora Lipstick tree Bixa orellana Liquorice Glycyrrhiza glabra Litch Litchi chinensis Litnga-shaba Solanum melongena Little millet Panicum antidotale Liyo Aporusa frutescens Lobster claw Heliconia latispatha Heliconia stricta Locust bean Parkia insignis Lonenting Wendlandia paniculata Long pepper Piper longum Long zedoary Curcuma zedoaria Longan Dimocarpus longan Lon-mani-ingyin Shorea robusta Loofah Luffa aegyptiaca Loose-skinned orange Citrus reticulata Lopez root Toddalia aculeata Loquat Eriobotrya japonica Lovage Trachyspermum ammi Love grass Chrysopogon aciculatus Love lies bleeding Amaranthus caudatus Love-in-the-mist Nigella damascena Lovi-lovi Flacourtia inermis Lu Panicum miliaceum Lu-cha Cucurbita maxima Lulin-gyaw Cinnamomum obtusifolium Lumshun Eugenia densiflora Lunbo Buchanania lanzan Buchanania latifolia Lung-lah Buchanania lanzan Lun-tha Benincasa hispida Lunzan Buchanania lanzan Lyon bean Mucuna cochinchinensis Ma jilamyin Ziziphus glabra Ma jilam-yin Ziziphus incurva Ma-baw Glycosmis cyanocarpa Glycosmis parkinsonii Mabua butter tree Madhuca longifolia Macaroni wheat Triticum durum Machit Fritillaria roylei Machya Helicia excelsa Ma-chyangai Cratoxylum pruniflorum Madagascar jasmine Stephanotis floribunda Madagascar plum Flacourtia ramontchi Madama Bruguiera cylindrica Ceriops roxburghiana Ceriops tagal Dalbergia collettii Appendix I: Common Names 426 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dalbergia ovata Madama-myaw Ceriops candolleana Ceriops tagal Madaw Garcinia dulcis Garcinia xanthochymus Madeira vine Boussingaultia baselloides Madi Protium serratum Madonna lily Lilium candidum Madre Gliricidia sepium Maga Erythrina arborescens Magan Colona floribunda Kydia calycina Kydia glabrescens Magan-kaja Kydia calycina Magap Kydia calycina Magru-lakung Manglietia hookeri Magwegai Pyrus pashia Magwi-hkyi-ru Congea tomentosa Magwikaju Solanum torvum Magwinapa Pterospermum acerifolium Magwithpauwu Ficus bhotanica Magyeng Tamarindus indica Magyi Tamarindus indica Magyi-bauk Gardenia sessiliflora Randia dumetorum Randia tomentosa Sapindus saponaria Magyi-nwe Dalbergia pinnata Magyi-pway Diospyros pendula Maha-dewi Dendrobium cariniferum Mahaga Linostoma decandrum Mahaga-kyansit Polygonum tomentosum Mahaga-kywe-yay-kya Pereskia aculeata Maha-gar-kyan-sit Polygonum chinense Maha-hlega Cochlospermum religiosum Maha-hlega-ni Bauhinia purpurea Mahahlega-phyu Bauhinia acuminata Mahahlega-wa Bauhinia tomentosa Mahar-dewi Dendrobium cariniferum Ma-hary-khan Momordica charantia Mahawya-gamon Dracontium gigas Mahkame Cratoxylum neriifolium Mahkaw Ziziphus jujuba Ma-hlwa Markhamia stipulata Ma-hnyo-pan Dendrobium scabrilingue Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla Mahon Lagerstroemia tomentosa Lagerstroemia venusta Mah-pra Pachyrhizus erosus Mahtat Indigofera anil Indigofera dosua Mah-tatap Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Mahua butter tree Madhuca longifolia Mahuya Madhuca latifolia Mahuya-pein Alocasia indica Alocasia macrorrhizos Colocasia esculenta Mai si Parashorea dussaudii Mai-aw-sang Heteropanax fragrans Mai-bau Alnus nepalensis Mai-chek Adenanthera pavonina Mai-chi-tawk Pterocarpus macrocarpus Mai-daugyen Viburnum foetidum Mai-daw-gyi gamon Steudnera griffithii Maidaw-gyi-gamon Dieffenbachia daguensis Maidenhair tree Ginkgo biloba Maidi Protium serratum Maiding Phlogacanthus curviflorus Mai-hai Ficus obtusifolia Mai-hai-sa-pye Mai-hai Ficus tinctoria Mai-hak Melanorrhoea usitata Mai-hakhpu Buchanania lanzan Mai-ham-hpan Pterospermum semisagittatum Mai-hao Dipterocarpus alatus Dipterocarpus turbinatus Mai-hawk-tik Schrebera swietenioides Mai-hen Terminalia bellerica Mai-hio Anogeissus acuminata Mai-hkai Salix tetrasperma Mai-hkai-mawk Gardenia coronaria Mai-hkam Emblica officinalis Lannea coromandelica Mai-hkang Croton tiglium Mai-hkao Schleichera oleosa Mai-hkao-long Holarrhena pubescens Maihkaw Machilus odoratissima Mai-hki Harrisonia perforata Mai-hkum-ku Argyreia argentea Mai-hkwai Streblus asper Mai-hnyot-pah Bombax anceps Mai-ho-gwan Dalbergia oliveri Mai-hok-hpa Terminalia tomentosa Mai-hok-hpi Shorea obtusa Mai-hong Ficus nervosa Mai-hpa Callicarpa tomentosa Mai-hpa-mu-hpi Fagraea obvata Schefflera venulosa Mai-hpang Ficus cunia Mai-hpawng-tun Mallotus philippinensis Mai-hyom Anogeissus phillyreaefolia Mai-ka-aung Semecarpus anacardium Mai-kalein Gardenia erythroclada Mai-kam-kaw Mesua ferrea Mai-kan-ang Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 427 Homalium tomentosum Mai-kang Albizia chinensis Mai-kang-pa Flueggea virosa Mai-kao Butea monosperma Wendlandia tinctoria Mai-kaw Castanopsis argyrophylla Mai-kawk Spondias pinnata Mai-kaw-wo Lithocarpus magnificus Mai-kayong Duabanga grandiflora Mai-keik Salix tetrasperma Mai-kham Garuga pinnata Maik-kat-nwe Toddalia aculeata Mai-kokko Albizia lebbek Mai-kokkyi Rhus semialata Mai-kokkyin Rhus javanica Rhus parviflora Rhus semialata Mai-kom phat-kom Crateva magna Mai-kong-leng Ricinus communis Mai-kop Indigofera trita Maikpan Caesalpinia sappan Maik-sow Lagerstroemia venusta Maik-talon Glycosmis pentaphylla Mai-kyaing Tamarindus indica Mai-kyang Schleichera oleosa Mai-kye Markhamia stipulata Stereospermum suaveolens Mai-kying-lwai Albizia odoratissima Mai-lang Kopsia fruticosa Wrightia arborea Mai-lim Elaeocarpus robustus Mai-long Berrya ammonilla Berrya mollis Mai-long-ka-hkam Millingtonia hortensis Mai-lu-hpawng Clerodendrum petasites Mai-lum Cassia fistula Mai-lum-awn Cassia javanica Mai-lum-hkam Cassia javanica Mai-lusang Ficus cunia Mai-mahen Terminalia bellerica Mai-mak-hat Artocarpus lakoocha Mai-mak-hkam Phyllanthus pomiferus Mai-mak-hku-sum Solanum torvum Mai-mak-ho-ling Diospyros burmanica Mai-mak-hpa Baccaurea parviflora Mai-mak-ka Psidium guajava Mai-mak-ka-leng Caesalpinia decapetala Mai-mak-kawk Spondias pinnata Mai-maklin-sang Oroxylum indicum Mai-mak-long-ka-hkam Heteropanax fragrans Mai-mak-na Terminalia chebula Mai-mak-san Dillenia pentagyna Mai-mak-tung Strychnos nux-blanda Mai-ma-leinka Oroxylum indicum Mai-ma-mon-pan Elaeocarpus floribundus Mai-man-nah Terminalia chebula Mai-man-pauwau Lithocarpus magnificus Mai-mao Antidesma ghesaembilla Mai-masan Dillenia pentagyna Mai-mate Aporusa villosa Mai-mate-si Diospyros burmanica Mai-mating Strychnos nux-blanda Mai-mawt-sao Lagerstroemia parviflora Mai-mi-myen Litsea glutinosa Mai-mot Putranjiva roxburghii Mai-motawn Putranjiva roxburghii Mai-mupI Anneslea fragrans Mai-mu-pi Schima khasiana Mai-mye-sili Senna siamea Mai-nak-nin Gardenia erythroclada Mai-nam-lawt Capparis zeylanica Mai-nam-nu Gardenia sessiliflora Mainam-nu Ziziphus oenoplia Mai-nang-sang Miliusa velutina Mai-nao-nau Tetrameles nudiflora Mai-naw Mitragyna rotundifolia Terminalia bellerica Mai-nawt-hpu Ficus hispida Mai-ngye Shorea obtusa Mai-nin-mauk Buddleja macrostachya Mai-nio Bombax ceiba Mainma-shaw Sterculia angustifolia Mai-nun-kun Gelonium multiflorum Mai-nyawng Ficus religiosa Mai-nye Shorea obtusa Mai-ong-tong Litsea glutinosa Mai-pang-puk Phyllostachys sedan Mai-pao Shorea siamensis Mai-paung-tame Mallotus clellandii Mai-paw-che Firmiana colorata Mai-pi Anogeissus acuminata Mai-pinngo Careya arborea Mai-pi-tawk Pterocarpus macrocarpus Mai-put Callicarpa tomentosa Mai-pyele Mitragyna parvifolia Mai-pyit Mayodendron igneum Mai-sa Broussonetia papyrifera Mai-sa-hpong Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Lagerstroemia speciosa Mai-sai-le Broussonetia papyrifera Mai-sak Appendix I: Common Names 428 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tectona grandis Mai-sak-hpu Premna tomentosa Mai-sak-kai Premna tomentosa Mai-salan Aylia xylocarpa Mai-sa-lan Tectona grandis Mai-sa-lao-long Duabanga grandiflora Maisat-lan Croton roxburghianus Mai-sau Broussonetia papyrifera Mai-saw Gmelina arborea Mai-sein Prunus cerasoides Mai-si Harrisonia perforata Rosa damascena Mai-sio Bauhinia racemosa Bauhinia vahlii Mai-si-sen Syzygium formosum Mai-song Schima wallichti Mai-son-pu Hymenodictyon orixense Mai-sung-hkong-long Leea macrophylla Mai-tagu Hypericum hookerianum Mai-taung Tetrameles nudiflora Mai-tawn Albizia odoratissima Albizia procera Mai-teen Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Mai-thein-opein Hopea oblongifolia Mai-ti Protium serratum Mai-ting Mesua ferrea Mai-ton Erythrina stricta Mai-tong Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Mai-tonghu Berrya ammonilla Berrya mollis Mai-tun-sao Broussonetia papyrifera Mai-upataga Wendlandia ligustrina Mai-viet Dalbergia cultrata Mai-wa Syzygium angkae Mai-wan Pouteria tomentosa Mai-yang Holarrhena pubescens Mai-yang-hka-oaun Wrightia arborea Mai-yan-kat Gardenia coronaria Mai-yao-lik Aleurites moluccana Mai-yaw Morinda elliptica Mai-yum Cedrela febrifuga Toona ciliata Mai-yum-hom Chisocheton grandiflorus Mai-yummyen Tetrameles nudiflora Mai-yun-puk Buddleja asiatica Maize Zea mays Majitala Buddleja asiatica Makai Sterculia coccinea Sterculia lanceifolia Makalaw Terminalia bellerica Makame Styrax serrulatum Makaton Gardenia turgida Makauk-gale Symplocos crataegoides Makauk-nyaung Premna bengalensis Makauksan Elaeocarpus griffithii Makawk Eriolobus hookeriana Makhawk Eriolobus indica Ma-khay-sut Lycopersicon esculentum Mak-hkam-sang-paw Phyllanthus acidus Mak-hkaw-hku Ziziphus oenoplia Makhkaw-hku Ziziphus jujuba Mak-hkaw-mi Xerospermum noronhianum Mak-Hku Solanum melongena Mak-hpung Averrhoa carambola Mak-k yeng Tamarindus indica Mak-kawng-tawn Bridelia retusa Mak-kok Ziziphus rugosa Mak-kyen Flacourtia cataphracta Mak-lang Artocarpus heterophyllus Mak-lok-kaing Vitex glabrata Mak-man-yao Aleurites moluccana Makman-yoo Jatropha curcas Mak-mawn-awn Myrica sapida Makmeit Helicia erratica Mak-mong Mangifera indica Mak-mong-kan-leng Mangifera longipes Mak-mong-sang-yip Anacardium occidentale Mangifera sylvatica Maknim-lai Aganope heptaphylla Mak-nung-hpyeng Breynia rhamnoides Makpa Callicarpa tomentosa Mak-phyn Aegle marmelos Mak-pyen-Sum Limonia acidissima Mak-sang Punica granatum Mak-sang-hpaw Carica papaya Maksawt Eriobotrya bengalensis Maksun-ting Citrus aurantiifolia Mak-sup-ka-lawn Phyllanthus columnaris Mak-sup-ka-lun Caesalpinia digyna Mak-tasu-awn Leea crispa Mak-tasu-long Leea crispa Leea macrophylla Malabar nut tree Justicia adhatoda Malacca yam Dioscorea atropurpurea Malaga Syzygium polyanthum Mala-gyin Gastrochilus longifolia Malaing Alaeanthus kurzii Broussonetia papyrifera Morus laevigata Malaka Psidium guajava Malaka-chin Psidium acidum Mala-nge Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 429 Stahlianthus involucratus Ma-la-o0-wa Daucus carota Malay rose apple Syzygium malaccense Male bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus Maleim Gordonia anomala Malem Caesalpinia crista Malin Caesalpinia crista Maling-ga Psidium guajava Maloh Elaeagnus latifolia Mamam Glochidion multiloculare Ma-monton Mangifera indica Mam-rua Melocanna baccifera Mamung Mangifera indica Mana Machilus villosa Terminalia argyrophylla Terminalia chebula Mana-nwe Combretum latifolium Mandarin orange Citrus reticulata Mandaw-byu Webera pallida Manglon Tamarindus indica Mango Mangifera indica Mango ginger Curcuma amada Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana Mango-tawkpa-tit Strychnos potatorum Mangrai Salix tetrasperma Mangrove trumpet tree Dolichandrone spathacea Mangyi Lepisanthes rubiginosa Maniawga Carallia brachiata Manila hemp Musa textilis Manila-shaw-bin Musa textilis Mani-saythu-pan Dianthus barbatus Mani-thanlyet Capparis tenera Mani-thanl-yet Capparis zeylanica Man-lyan Ipomoea batatas Manna gum Eucalyptus viminalis Mantoy Engelhardtia spicata Man-weik-taw Lithocarpus grandifolia Ma-nyo-lon-pan Gomphrena globosa Ma-part Cucurbita maxima Ma-phyit Capsicum frutescens Maraw Saurauia cerea Saurauia macrotricha Saurauia napaulensis Saurauia punduana Margosa tree Azadirachta indica Marking nut tree Semecarpus anacardium Marlar Curcuma pecticulata Curcuma petiolata Hitchenia glauca Marlar-ni Curcuma roscoeana Marmalade Citrus aurantium Marsh crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus Marsh mint Mentha aquatica Martaban camphor Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Maru Alseodaphne keenanii Marvel of Peru Mirabilis jalapa Masa Schima khasiana Schima wallichii Shorea obtusa Masa-magu Litsea monopetala Masang Dillenia aurea Masen Dillenia aurea Ma-shaw Phyllanthus rheedii Sauropus androgynus Ma-shaw-se Phyllanthus rheedii Masur Lens culinaris Matang Grewia eriocarpa Mataran tea Cassia auriculata Matauk-takauk Castanopsis argentea Mataw Syzygium helferi Mathaka Syzygium polyanthum Mat-pe Phaseolus mungo Matsawi Castanopsis indica Matting rush Juncus membranaceus Ma-tu-pin Elephantopus scaber Mat-yao-hkai Aleurites moluccana Ma-u Anthocephalus morindaefolius Nauclea orientalis Ma-u-gyi Nauclea orientalis Mauk Glycosmis pentaphylla Ma-u-kadon Nauclea orientalis Mauk-khan-wa Dendrobium chrysotoxum Mauk-okshit Mischocarpus pentapetalus Mauk-salum Justicia adhatoda Mauk-salun Phlogacanthus pubinervius Mau-lettan Duabanga grandiflora Ma-u-let-tan-she Anthocephalus morindaefolius Maung-makaw Sauropus albicans Maung-ma-khaw-nwe Combretum latifolium Maung-ma-khaw-u Plectranthus tuberosus Maungyin-ngo Chrysopogon aciculatus Ma-u-nwe Pueraria candollei Mau-phyu Anthocephalus morindaefolius Mautinsong Dioscorea alata Mawau Cydonia cathayensis Maw-kauk-pa Wendlandia ligustrina Mawk-hkam-long Thevetia peruviana Mawk-hnangsi Rosa gigantea Mawk-kham Indigofera pulchella Mawk-kyanza Rosa gigantea Mawk-manu Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Mawkmnae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Appendix I: Common Names 430 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Mawk-mu-le Mayu-de Me-man Jasminum grandiflorum Heterophragma adenophylla Prunus dulcis Mawk-nang-nang Markhamia stipulata Prunus persica Combretum indicum Ma-ywe Me-man-thi Mawk-nawn-hkam Dinetus racemosus Prunus communis Acacia farnesiana Maza Me-nai Mawk-sam-ka Cinnamomum impressinervium Indigofera tinctoria Plumeria rubra Cinnamomum obtusifolium Me-net Mawk-sam-lung Cinnamomum tamala Indigofera tinctoria Michelia champaca Maza-la Menouk Mawk-sam-pai Cinnamomum pachyphyllum Memecylon edule Jasminum sambac Me Me-pah Mawk-sam-pailong Indigofera anil Eulophia campestris Plumeria rubra Indigofera dosua Meppin Mawk-san-ku Indigofera tinctoria Avicennia officinalis Santalum album Meadow saffron Mepwe Mawlamyaing-pan Colchicum autumnale Phyllostachys mannii Cosmos bipinnatus Me-byaung Mepyaung Mawn Memecylon edule Diospyros ferrea Morus indica Medaung Maba buxifolia Mawyan Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Merokwa Strobilanthes rufescens Medeloa Terminalia tomentosa Mayagan Dalbergia assamica Mesquite Cyathocline lyrata Me-di-dok Prosopis juliflora Maya-gyi Artemisia vulgaris Prosopis spicigera Justicia adhatoda Mediterranean cypress Metal seed Mayan Cupressus sempervirens Cassia tora Bouea burmanica Mediterranean lovegrass Metayaw Mayanbo Eragrostis barrelieri Cratoxylum ligustrinum Microcos calophylla Meen Mete-beir Mayan-gyaung Syzygium diospyrifolium Phaseolus vulgaris Salacia roxburghii Megyi Metkauk Mayanin Strobilanthes kunthianus Dillenia aurea Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Me-gyi Metlein Pittosporum floribundum Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Castanopsis clarkei Pittosporum kerrii Strobilanthes rosea Met-lein Pittosporum napaulensis Mehmu Quercus serrata Ma-yanin-kyetsu /tea macrophylla Metlin Zanthoxylum budrunga Meik-hmot Garcinia paniculata Mayan-kaung Helicia erratica Metlin-chin Rourea commutata Meik-kaw-kaw Garcinia pedunculata Ma-yar-thein Lithocarpus polystachya Met-mann Justicia decussata Meik-kekawpa Prunus communis Mayauklok-ni Quercus glauca Met-man-thi Artocarpus lakoocha Meik-kye Prunus dulcis Ma-yaw Albizia odoratissima Metyun Hordeum vulgare Meik-mahot Tetradium glabrifolium May-bu-maung Artocarpus lakoocha Mexican apple Cynoglossum amabile Meiksong Casimiroa edulis Mayen Schima wallichii Mexican prickly poppy Ficus glomerata Meik-thalin Argemone mexicana May-gyi Zingiber barbatum Mexican sunflower Justicia adhatoda Meik-tha-lin Tithonia rotundifolia Maymyo-pan Zingiber cassumunar Mexican tea Aster amellus Meiktun Chenopodium ambrosioides Callistephus chinensis Anneslea fragrans Mexico-kyauk-pan Maymyo-pan-yaing Mei-thanyo Taxodium mucronatum Aster amellus Cratoxylum polyanthum Meyaing Mayo Mejari Indigofera anil Calotropis procera Senna siamea Indigofera atropurpurea Mayo-gyi Me-ke Indigofera enneaphylla Calotropis gigantea Aglaia odoratissima Indigofera lacei Mayude Me-mai Me-yaing Heterophragma sulfureum Indigofera trita Tephrosia hirta Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 43] Tephrosia purpurea Meyaing-gale Indigofera trita Mezali Cassia mimosoides Senna siamea Mezali-gyi Cassia alata Meze Madhuca longifolia Mibaya-pan Brunfelsia undulata Miblaung Microtropis discolor Miekyat Kydia calycina Mignonette Boussingaultia baselloides Reseda odorata Mi-gwin-gamon Tradescantia spathacea Migyaung-kunbat Hygrophila phlomoides Mi-gyaung-kun-phut Hygrophila phlomoides Mi-gyaung-nwe Millettia pachycarpa Migyaung-nwe Derris elegans Derris scandens Migyaung-nwe-hmwe-sok Derris ferruginea Mik-kyin-nu Dillenia aurea Milaungcha Tournefortia ovata Milk bush Euphorbia tirucalli Milkhedge Euphorbia antiquorum Milkweed Euphorbia pilulifera Million dollar weed Eichhornia crassipes Mi-malaung-pan Acampe rigida Kalanchoe laciniata Mi-nauk Memecylon edule Minbaw Caryota mitis Caryota urens Min-baw Wallichia disticha Min-go-ga Argyreia barbigera Argyreia capitiformis Mingut Garcinia mangostana Min-taya-taba Alpinia malaccensis Min-thawka Quassia amara Minyi Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Min-yothey Peucedanum dhana Mishmi tita Coptis teeta Mistletoe Viscum album Mock strawberry Potentilla indica Moe-kadaut-pan Vanda coerulescens Moe-lon-hmaing Vanda coerulea Moe-lon-hmaing-gale Vanda coerulescens Moe-sway-pan Crossandra undulaefolia Moeswe-pan Crossandra undulaefolia Moe-thuza Vanda bensoni Mogaung-wa Gigantochloa mogaungensis Mogok-pan Dahlia pinnata Mohbin Scaphium scaphigerum Mohnan Azima tetracantha Mo-hnan Azima sarmentosa Moih-krat Kanoi Ganoi Ficus elastica Mo-kadawt-pan Holcoglossum amesianum Mokku-ku Thunbergia coccinea Moko-lanma Tadehagi triquetrum Moksoam-kan Ehretia laevis Moksoma Dalbergia obtusifolia Mok-so-ngayok Murraya paniculata Mo-kyai-pwin Aerva sanguinolenta Momaka Tamarix gallica Momaka-gale Cephalanthus occidentalis Momakha Salix tetrasperma Momakha-gale Cephalanthus naucleoides Mondaing Cycas rumphii Cycas siamensis Mon-daing Kokoona littoralis Mondaing madai Cycas pectinata Mon-daing-bin Lophopetalum wallichii Mondaing-kyi-baung Loranthus cochinchinensis Mon-di Sphaeranthus indicus Mongoose plant Ophiorrhiza mungos Mon-hnyin-myet Fimbristylis miliacea Mon-hnyin-paung-bin Fimbristylis complanata Monkey dinner bell Hura crepitans Monkey nut Arachis hypogaea Monkey puzzle Araucaria bidwillii Monla Brassica rapa Raphanus sativus Monla-dok-nge Brassica oleracea Monla-htoke Brassica oleracea Monla-paw Brassica oleracea Mon-laptus Brassica oleracea Monla-u Raphanus sativus Monla-u-chin Tragopogon porrifolius Mon-la-u-wa Daucus carota Monla-wa Daucus carota Monnyin Cardamine hirsuta Mon-nyin Brassica campestris Monnyin-byu Brassica alba Monnyin-myet Fimbristylis dichotoma Monny-in-net Brassica rapa Monnyin-net Brassica nigra Monnyin-ni Brassica juncea Monnyin-paung-bin Fimbristylis quinquangularis Mon-nyin-ywet Brassica oleracea Moon flower Ipomoea alba Moonbeam Tabernaemontana divaricata Moo-tiya Elaeocarpus quadratus Moreton Bay chestnut Castanospermum australe Morning glory [pomoea purpurea Mot Appendix I: Common Names 432 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Helicia robusta Mot-long Helicia erratica Moulmein cedar Toona ciliata Mountain persimmon Diospyros montana Mowra butter tree Madhuca longifolia Moyan Strobilanthes rufescens Mrauk-00 Ipomoea batatas Mrauk-u Pachyrhizus erosus Muchinding Celastrus stylosus Mulberry Morus indica Mu-nam Itea macrophylla Mung bean Phaseolus aureus Mung dhal Phaseolus radiatus Mung-dung Artocarpus heterophyllus Mung-ting Acacia catechu Mun-gyi Strobilanthes flaccidifolius Museik Helicia terminalis Musk marrow Cucurbita moschata Musk melon Cucumis melo Cucumis moschata Musk root Nardostachys jatamansi Musk rose Rosa moschata Mussoorie berry Coriaria nepalensis Mu-taya Citharexylum subserratum Mutha-li Curculigo orchioides Muttagyi Pistacia coccinea Mway-ba-bin Ophiorrhiza mungos Mway-ma-naing Abroma augusta Mway-say Abroma augusta Mway-seik-phay-pin Abroma augusta Mwe-bet Desmodium cephalotes Mwe-gale Erianthus ravennae Mwe-gyi Erianthus hookeri Mwehauk-gaung Eria lasiopetala Mwe-hauk-gaung-thtkwa Eria lasiopetala Mwe-lein Heteropogon contortus Mwe-lein-myet Heteropogon contortus Mwet-kang Symplocos racemosa Mwe-zok-myet Urochloa mosambicensis Mya-byit Portulaca oleracea Portulaca quadrifida Mya-byit-gale Portulaca quadrifida Mya-gamon Agapanthus umbellatus Aglaonema costatum Mya-ganaing-pan Habenaria mandersii Mya-hmwe Reseda odorata Myaing-dauk-ywe Priotropis cytisoides Mya-kamaung Tristania merguensis Mya-kwanyo Tristellateia australasiae Myanmar grape Baccaurea sapida Myanmar rosewood Pterocarpus macrocarpus Mya-pe-lar Gymnocladus burmanicus Mya-sein Parkinsonia aculeata Mya-sein-kyein Calamus nitidus Mya-sit-kyo Dendrobium pendulum Mya-ta-pwint Bellis perennis Mya-thein-dan-pan Peristylus prainii Myat-lay Ipomoea hederifolia Myat-lay-pan Jasminum grandiflorum Myat-ya Microcos paniculata Myatzu Payena paralleloneura Myauk u-ni Dioscorea purpurea Myauk-balu-letwa Schefflera venulosa Myauk-chaw Homalium tomentosum Myauk-do Mucuna monosperma Myauk-gonnyin Aganope heptaphylla Myauk-go-nyin Mucuna monosperma Myauk-hlega Bauhinia ornata Bauhinia scandens Myauk-htan-nyet Parkia insignis Myauk-kazun Ipomoea pes-tigridis Operculina turpethum Myauk-kya Dioscorea crispata Myauk-kyein Flagellaria indica Myauk-laung Artocarpus lakoocha Canthium dicoccum Myauk-le-seik Amoora cucullata Myauk-letwa Heptapleurum venulosum Myauk-lok Artocarpus lakoocha Myauklu Artocarpus gomeziana Myauk-ma-kun-thwe Myristica angustifolia Myauk-mi Themeda triandra Themeda x intermedia Myauk-mya Andropogon fastigiatus Chrysopogon aciculatus Myaukngo Duabanga grandiflora Myauk-ngo Lepisanthes tetraphylla Myauk-nwe Dioscorea glabra Dioscorea globosa Myauk-okshit Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Linociera macrophylla Schrebera swietenioides Siphonedon celastrineus Myauk-phyu Dioscorea globosa Myauk-seik Holoptelea integrifolia Myauk-tha-kwa Melothria heterophylla Zehneria umbellata Myauk-thayet Vatica odorata Myauk-thingan Parashorea buchananii Shorea buchananii Myauk-u Dioscorea alata Dioscorea sativa Myauk-u-ni Dioscorea atropurpurea Myauk-yo Strobilanthes rufescens Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 433 Myauk-zi Ziziphus rugosa Mya-ya-pho Cleistanthus myrianthus Mya-yar Microcos paniculata Myay-padauk Kaempferia rotunda Myay-pe Arachis hypogaea Myay-pe-naw-nam Dinghkn Cassia tora Mye-bok-hkayan Solanum trilobatum Solanum virginianum Mye-mu-se Cratoxylum pruniflorum Mye-payaung-pan Spathoglottis pubescens Mye-sa Cynodon dactylon Mye-shit-sha Phyllanthus urinaria Mye-shit-sha-gale Phyllanthus nanus Mye-su Mirabilis jalapa Myet Cyperus clarkei Cyperus compactus Cyrtococcum accrescens Eleocharis acicularis Sacciolepis indicus Myet- pya Digitaria fibrosa Myet-chin-nu Eriolobus indica Myet-cho Echinochloa crus-galli Leptochloa fusca Leptochloa neesii Leptochloa panicea Miscanthus fuscus Myet-dattha Eriochloa procera Myet-de-o-bok Eragrostis japonica Myet-gyin Andropogon fastigiatus Pseudosorghum fasciculare Myet-hmon-hma Sporobolus coromandelianus Myet-hmon-hmwa Eragrostis amabilis Myet-hmwa-gyi Eragrostis pilosa Myet-hmwe Bothriochloa bladhii Cymbopogon nardus Dichanthium annulatum Eragrostiella bifaria Myet-hmwe-sok Mnesithea granularis Myet-hmya Dichanthium annulatum Myet-hna-pan Pavetta indica Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides Myethna-pan Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides Myet-hra-pan Hemigraphis flava Myet-htauk Portulaca oleracea Myet-kaya Chloris barbata Myet-kha Eriochloa procera Leptochloa chinensis Panicum repens Panicum sarmentosum Pennisetum setosum Myet-khan-zat Mussaenda variolosa Pavetta tomentosa Myet-khaya Chloris barbata Myet-khayan Paspalum longifolium Paspalum scrobiculatum Myet-kua Echinochloa scabra Myet-kyein Eriochloa procera Hemarthria compressa Myet-kyet-thun Cymbopogon martinii Cymbopogon polyneuros Myet-kyin Helleborus niger Myet-lay-gwa Dactyloctenium aegyptium Myet-lay-ne /pomoea quamoclit Myet-letthe Oplismenus burmannii Oplismenus compositus Myet-lu Panicum antidotale Myet-min Hemarthria longiflora Myet-monnyin Carex nubigena Carex pandanophylla Myet-mon-nyin-ahnet Cyperus rotundus Myet-myit-hmwe Chrysopogon zizanioides Pseudoraphis spinescens Myet-na-myin-gyin Pavetta indica Myet-nan Cymbopogon virgatus Myet-naya Digitaria horizontalis Setaria verticillata Myetpan Mollugo pentaphylla Myet-pan Glinus lotoides Mollugo cerviana Myet-pasit Urochloa ramosa Myet-pauk Arundinella birmanica Myet-payaung Mnesithea striata Myetpye Melastoma malabathricum Myet-san Sporobolus glaucifolius Myet-sat Cymbopogon clandestinus Cymbopogon virgatus Leptochloa chinensis Myet-sok Digitaria horizontalis Myet--swe-le Apluda mutica Myet-swe-le Themeda triandra Themeda x intermedia Myet-thakwa Eleusine indica Myet-tha-min Aristida depressa Myet-thauk Chionachne koenigii Myet-thazin-pan Habenaria lucida Myet-thi Echinochloa crus-galli Echinochloa frumentacea Echinochloa scabra Myet-thindon Carex stramentitia Myet-thin-don Eragrostis minor Eragrostis nigra Myet-thitkwa Dendrobium falconeri Myet-thon-daunt Carex cruciata Myet-wa Apluda mutica Myet-waing Tsachne miliacea Myet-walon Arundinella bengalensis Myet-wa-lon Eragrostis pilosa Myet-win-poo Sacciolepis interrupta Myet-ya Polytoca digitata Polytoca wallichiana Rottboellia exaltata Myet-ya-gyi Chionachne koenigii Myet-yan Appendix I: Common Names 434 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Polytoca wallichiana Myet-ya-nge Rottboellia exaltata Mye-ziphyu Phyllanthus urinaria Myinga Cynometra ramiflora Myingaung-nagaung Embelia pulchella Myin-gaung-nayaung Celastrus paniculatus Myingaung-nayaung Embelia ribes Myin-gaung-nwe Derris elliptica Myin-gondaing Celastrus paniculatus Myingya-thitkwa Pteroceras fasciata Trichoglottis fasciata Myin-hkwa Centella asiatica Myin-kahpan Microcos paniculata Myinkhwa-tu Merremia emarginata Myinlaban Hunteria zeylanica Myin-lauk-yaung Celastrus paniculatus Myinsa-goni Parkinsonia aculeata Myinsa-gonni Streptocaulon tomentosum Myinsa-pe Cicer arietinum Myin-sar-myet Cynodon dactylon Myitcho Cyanotis axillaris Myit-cho Commelina benghalensis Murdannia edulis Myitkaing Rosa indica Rosa involucrata Myitzu-thaka-natpan Madhuca longifolia Myobyet-khayan Solanum torvum Myrobalan Terminalia bellerica Terminalia chebula Mysore thorn Caesalpinia decapetala Myu Chenopodium album My-yar-gyi Justicia adhatoda N ji-lam-yin Ziziphus glabra N jilam-yin Ziziphus incurva Naba Lithocarpus calathiformis Nabe Lannea coromandelica Nabet-gale Leea crispa Nabu-nwe Combretum acuminatum Vallaris solanacea Nadaung-ban Lantana aculeata Naga-hmaing Ruellia tuberosa Nagamauk Leea edgeworthii Naga-mauk Leea aequata Leea indica Nagamauk-hpyu Leea hirta Naga-mauk-ni Leea crispa Nagamauk-ni Leea rubra Na-ga-mauk-shwe Pachystachys lutea Nagaset Sansevieria trifasciata Sansevieria zeylanica Nagbala Sida spinosa Na-gum Ficus auriculata Nagye Pterospermum semisagittatum Nakeching Callicarpa tomentosa Nakzik Cinnamomum obtusifolium Nak-zik Cinnamomum inunctum Nalingway Cinnamomum nalangway Na-lin-gyaw Actinodaphne angustifolia Cinnamomum nitidum Cinnamomum obtusifolium Litsea lancifolia Na-lin-kyaw Neolitsea lanuginosa Na-me Salomonia cantoniensis Nam-lahtaw Dichroa febrifuga Nam-nam Cynometra cauliflora Nam-nawbaw Canavalia gladiata Nam-nu Randia dumetorum Nam-ya-haiawn Mimosa pudica Nana cane Arundo donax Nanat Ananas comosus Nanat-gamon Billbergia nutans Billbergia pyramidalis Nanat-gyi Agave americana Nanat-hmwe-sok Yucca gloriosa Na-nat-shaw Agave sisalana Na-nat-shaw-pu Agave vivipara Nang-mu Hodgsonia heteroclita Nanhnin Parastyrax lacei Nan-khwe-yaing Millettia racemosa Nan-lon-kyaing Acacia farnesiana Nannan Coriandrum sativum Nan-nyunt-nwe Vanda brunnea Nantayok Altingia excelsa Nantha Millettia ovalifolia Millettia peguensis Nanthaphu Musa sapientum Nanwin Curcuma longa Napier grass Pennisetum purpureum Nar-ya Polytoca wallichiana Nar-ya-kaing Polytoca wallichiana Nasha Litsea nitida Nasha-gyi Cinnamomum nitidum Cryptolepis buchanani Onosma bracteatum Strophanthus wallichii Natal plum Carissa spinarum Natcho-sein Maesa kurzii Nathami-letwa Schefflera venulosa Natha-ni Pterocarpus santalinus Natha-phyu Millettia piscidia Nat-kun Myristica amygdalina Nat-letwa Wightia speciosissima Nat-nget-pyaw Ensete glaucum Nat-pan lxora amoena Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 435 Justicia decussata Nat-saba Oryza minuta Natsei-gamon Bergenia ciliata Nattaw-pe Vigna catjang Natthami Saraca lobbiana Nat-tha-mi-kun-thi Myristica amygdalina Natthami-letwa Heptapleurum venulosum Nat-thami-pan Eria tomentosa Natthami-tan-phoo Quercus brandisiana Nat-wa Gigantochloa nigrociliata Nat-ye-ta-goung Osbeckia nepalensis Na-u Mitragyna rotundifolia Naudicelle Lysimachia trichopoda Naukpo Achyranthes aspera Naukpo-myet Chrysopogon aciculatus Na-we-ngon Trichosanthes cucumerina Nawi-hawng Ficus hirta Nawnam Cassia obtusa Naya-myet Sorghum nitidum Naya-nge Sorghum nitidum Nayar-myet Setaria verticillata Nay-bin Aeschynomene indica Nay-hnin-pauk-pin Drosera indica Nay-khatta Hemerocallis fulva Nay-kyar Tithonia diversifolia Nay-kyar-gale Sphagneticola calendulacea Nay-min Eurycles amboinensis Naymyo-nwe-pan Phaius flavus Naywe Flacourtia cataphracta Flacourtia indica Flacourtia inermis Flacourtia ramontchi Naywe-po Aberia gardnerii Nbabawk Solanum ferox Nbalawi Randia dumetorum Nbau Alnus nepalensis Nbaudagang Trevesia palmata Nbu Aleurites moluccana Ndang-chyaga Rubus moluccanus Ndangshaga Rubus moluccanus Ndawng-karawng Dalbergia rimosa Ndung Artocarpus heterophyllus Neem Azadirachta indica Neepa bark Samadera indica Negro coffee Cassia obtusa Negya Helianthus annuus Tithonia diversifolia Negya-gale Sphagneticola calendulacea Negya-ni Tithonia rotundifolia Negya-yaing Helianthus decapetalus Nehle Psoralea corylifolia Neng Camellia caudata Camellia drupifera Nepal camphor Cinnamomum cecidodaphne Nettle tree Celtis australis New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides Ngaba nahk Pterospermum semisagittatum Nga-be Abroma augusta Ngabye-shin Artabotrys burmanicus Nga-chat-wa Bambusa bambos Nga-dan-sa Cryptocoryne ciliata Ngahlaing-bo Mallotus repandus Ngakhu-nakhan-hnwe Dopatrium junceum Nga-letma Ascocentrum ampullaceum Ngal-hjyang Anneslea fragrans Ngan-nwe Roydsia suaveolens Ngan-say Artabotrys kurzii Artemisia parviflora Ngansein-nwe Melodinus khasianus Nga-nwa Maesa ramentacea Nga-papgyi Oryza rufipogon Ngapasi Gymnanthemum cylindriceps Ngaphyu Roydsia obtusifolia Ngapi-bet Macaranga denticulata Ngap-septing Morus indica Nga-pye-yin Artabotrys suaveolens Nga-pyok-thakwa Cucumis trigonus Ngapyu Pachygone ovata Roydsia fasciculata Ngapyu-gyi Pachygone ovata Ngar camphor Blumea densiflora Ngar-bauk Dracontomelon dao Nga-rook-thee Capsicum frutescens Nga-see Glycine max Nga-shint-myet Vallisneria spiralis Ngasi Myrsine semiserrata Nga-su Dracontomelon duperreanum Nga-tet-pya Limnocharis flava Nga-thayaung Ischaemum rugosum Nga-ya-gyi Scindapsus officinalis Nga-ya-nin Derris microphylla Ngayan-padu Clerodendrum indicum Clerodendrum macrosiphon Clerodendrum nutans Nga-yaung-kin-che Cissus discolor Ngayok Capsicum annuum Capsicum frutescens Nga-yok-kaung Piper longum Piper nigrum Nga-yok-kaung-gyi Piper cubebe Nga-yo-pin Polygonum plebeium Ngay-sheek Rhododendron arboreum Appendix I: Common Names 436 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Nget-chauk Morinda tinctoria Saurauia punduana Eucalyptus torelliana Psychotria calocarpa Nun's orchid Ngok Nibase-gale Phaius flavus Cassia javanica Morinda persicaefolia Nut grass Ngon-myet Nibase-gyi Cyperus rotundus Chrysopogon fulvus Morinda angustifolia Nutmeg Ngu Ni-cho Myristica fragrans Cassia fistula Colquhounia elegans Nu-wah Cassia javanica Nicker nut Gossypium barbadense Ngu-gyi Caesalpinia crista Nwa-ba-byin Cassia fistula Nie-thir-hti Pterospermum jackianum Ngum-be-pe Manihot esculenta Nwa-che-myet Lablab niger Night-flowering cactus Digitaria ciliaris Ngu-padamya Cassia grandis Ngusat Cassia tora Ngu-sat Cassia javanica Ngu-sat-ni Cassia marginata Ngu-shwe Cassia fistula Ngushwe-ama Cassia fistula Ngu-shwe-apo Cassia javanica Ngu-thein Cassia javanica Nguzat-gyi Cassia grandis Ngwe-gya Cissus discolor Ngwe-gyo-phyu Dendrobium crumenatum Ngwe-hnin-phyu Coelogyne cristata Ngwe-hnyin-phyu Coelogyne huettneriana Ngwe-na-phyu Paphiopedilum insigne Ngwe-pale Dendrobium infundibulum Ngwe-pan Hedychium coronarium Ngwe-tawda Petunia hybrida Ngwe-tu-gale Dendrobium palpebrae Ngwe-tu-gyi Dendrobium formosum Negwe-tu-lay Dendrobium palpebrae Nhget-chauk Eucalyptus viminalis Nhkra nhkra-la Leycesteria glaucophylla Nhtau-ru Millettia pachycarpa Ni-a-pway Leucomeris decora Nibase Chassalia chartacea Morinda citrifolia Selenicereus grandiflorus Night-flowering jasmine Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Nila-pan Viola hederacea Viola odorata Ning krung-shapre Phaseolus calcaratus Ning-bau Alnus nepalensis Nipa palm Nypa fruticans Niyo Morinda tinctoria Njilamyin Ziziphus oenoplia Nle Aporusa oblonga Nle-prangkau Symplocos racemosa Nlung Morinda angustifolia Webera kurzii Nman-hpun Lyonia ovalifolia Nobin Pygeum acuminatum Noibawru Millettia dorwardii No-ko-Hdi Brassica oleracea No-ko-0o Brassica oleracea Non-kai-tong-nwe Kibatalia macrophylla Norfolk Island pine Araucaria excelsa Npri-nprai Garcinia lancaefolia Nra-lap Desmodium gyrans Ntenren Antidesma ghesaembilla Nten-ren-chyamut Antidesma roxburghii Num-hypun-kap Albizia lucidior Numraw Saurauia cerea Saurauia macrotricha Saurauia napaulensis Digitaria horizontalis Nwa-chi-myet Digitaria ciliaris Nwa-hta-min Smithia sensitiva Nwai-pe Lablab niger N-wai-ylang Dalbergia ovata Nwa-labyin Pterospermum javanicum Pterospermum semisagittatum Nwa-mani-thanlyet Capparis olacifolia Nwamani-than-lyet Capparis zeylanica Nwa-mye-yin Cyperus amabilis Nwapadi Sapindus rarak N-wa-ulang Dalbergia obtusifolia Nwe-bok Mucuna bracteata Nwe-bya Macfadyena unguis-cati Nwe-chin Parameria laevigata Nwe-cho Albizia myriophylla Nwe-dan Uvaria cordata Nwe-do Urceola micrantha Nwe-kazun-phyu Ipomoea alba Nwe-loung Galeola nudiflora Nwe-natha Premna scandens Nwe-nathan-gwin Hiptage benghalensis Nwe-net Derris trifoliata Nwe-ngan Salacia smaliana Nwe-ni Argyreia capitiformis Butea parviflora Celastrus paniculatus Connarus paniculatus Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 437 Spatholobus roxburghii Nweni-natpan Passiflora laurifolia Nwe-nyo Poranopsis paniculata Thunbergia coccinea Thunbergia laurifolia Nwe-palan Bauhinia brachycarpa Bauhinia bracteata Bauhinia glauca Nwe-pan Graptophyllum pictum Nwe-pay Cydista aequinoctialis Nwe-phyu Argyreia capitiformis Nwesat Gmelina elliptica Nwe-sat Symphorema involucratum Nwe-sein Tetrastigma bracteolatum Nwe-tha-gee Nerium oleander Nwe-yoo-bin Connarus semidecandrus Nwezat Sphenodesme eryciboides Sphenodesme unguiculata Nwe-zat Congea tomentosa Nwong-kye Vongkael Macaranga denticulata Nya Acacia catechu Nyagyi Morinda citrifolia Nya-hmwe-gamon Selenicereus grandiflorus Nya-hmwe-pan Cestrum nocturnum Nyan Quercus serrata Sesbania bispinosa Sesbania cannabina Sesbania paludosa Nyan-baung Quercus griffithii Nyanbo Quercus griffithii Nyane Artabotrys burmanicus Artabotrys kurzii Nya-ne-pan Clematis cadmia Nyan-ne-pan Oenothera tetraptera Nyan-nwe Operculina turpethum Nyan-thein Sesbania procumbens Nyaung-ban-nwe Genianthus laurifolius Nyaung-gyat Ficus obtusifolia Nyaung-gyin Ficus lacor Ficus virens Nyaung-kyetpaung Ficus elastica Nyaung-lun Ficus benjamina Nyaung-ok Ficus retusa Nyaung-pan Ficus glabella Nyaung-peinne Ficus altissima Ficus mysoriensis Ficus nervosa Nyaung-phyu Ficus rumphii Nyaung-shin Ficus virens Nyaung-thabye Ficus benjamina Ficus excelsa Ficus geniculata Ficus glabella Ficus indica Ficus tinctoria Nyaung-tha-phan Ficus annulata Nyaung-ye-o-pan Melastoma malabathricum Nyaw Morinda exserta Nyetmo-hkyet Damnacanthus indicus Oats Avena sativa Obok Glycosmis pentaphylla Oreocnide frutescens O-dein Ailanthus triphysa Oh-ka Abelmoschus manihot Ohn Cocos nucifera Syagrus romanzoffiana Ohn-nget-pyaw Ravenala madagascariensis Ok-gyon Avena sativa Ok-hmon-nwe Argyreia barbigera Okhne Streblus asper Ok-htok-pan Malvaviscus arboreus Ok-kha Sagittaria sagittifolia Okra Abelmoschus esculentus Abelmoschus manihot Okshit Aegle marmelos Oleander Nerium oleander Oleander-leaved euphorbia Euphorbia neriifolia O-na-gok-nwe Argyreia hookeri Ondon Litsea glutinosa Litsea khasyana Litsea laurifolia Litsea polyantha Litsea salicifolia Machilus fruticosa Sarcosperma arboreum Ondon-bo Neolitsea umbrosa Ondon-gyi Alseodaphne keenanii Ondon-hlega Magnolia liliifera Ondon-hle-ga Neolitsea zeylanica Ondon-laukya Litsea monopetala Ondon-ma Machilus fruticosa On-hnitlon-poo Lodoicea maldivica On-hnye Aerva javanica Onion Allium ascalonicum Allium cepa On-ma-dan-ni Gerbera jamesonii Oo-mon-kya Homalomena rubescens Opium poppy Papaver somniferum Orange Citrus sinensis Orange daylily Hemerocallis fulva Orchid tree Bauhinia acuminata Orris root Iris germanica Otaheite apple Spondias dulcis Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum maximum Oyster plant Tradescantia spathacea Tragopogon porrifolius Pa-ba-they-la Cereus monstrosus Pachilaing Olax acuminata Pada Macaranga tanarius Padaing Crinum pratense Datura suaveolens Appendix I: Common Names 438 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Pa-daing-byu Datura metel Pa-daing-khata Datura metel Padaing-khat-ta Datura stramonium Padaing-kyettun Urginea indica Pa-daing-ni Datura metel Padaing-nyo Datura stramonium Padamya-tahpet-mya-tahpet Excoecaria cochinchinensis Pa-da-mya-thit-kwa Dendrobium secundum Pada-nge Macaranga denticulata Padat Sapium indicum Padat-myet Arundinella birmanica Padat-ngan Artabotrys hexapetalus Artabotrys siamensis Pa-dat-sa Kaempferia candida Padauk Pterocarpus macrocarpus Pterocarpus marsupium Padauk-sat Eichhornia azurea Padaw-ni Dichanthium annulatum Dichanthium caricosum Eremopogon foveolatus Pseudosorghum fasciculare Padaw-ni-myet Panicum foveolatus Padaw-nyo Andropogon ascinodis Dichanthium caricosum Padaw-pyu Bothriochloa pertusa Pade-gaw Hedychium gracile Padegaw-gale Alpinia officinarum Padegaw-gyi Alpinia conchigera Alpinia zerumbet Pade-gaw-gyi-nwe Celsia coromandeliana Pa-deing-ngo Exacum tetragonum Padein-ngo Calanthe odora Calanthe triplicata Cymbidium tigrinum Geodorum attenuatum Globba bulbifera Globba sessiliflora Osbeckia rostrata Pecteilis susannae Padetha-tinyu Araucaria bidwillii Padi-sint Pholidota imbricata Padi-sint-pan Otochilus fusca Pholidota imbricata Pado-bin Linociera terniflora Padok Pterocarpus macrocarpus Padon-ma-kya Nelumbo nucifera Padon-nwe Dalbergia volubilis Paganbo Ilex godajam Paga-nyet-su Pometia pinnata Pagoda flower Clerodendrum paniculatum Pagoda tree Plumeria rubra Pahi Tectona grandis Paiksan Linum usitatissimum Reinwardtia tetragyna Painted leaves Coleus blumei Pakasweloi Clerodendrum venosum Pak-man Cordia grandis Pakut-kon Cycas siamensis Pala-kye Garcinia cowa Palan Bauhinia acuminata Bauhinia nervosa Bauhinia racemosa Palan-byu Flemingia macrophylla Moghania strobilifera Palannwe Mallotus philippinensis Palan-nwe Bauhinia diphylla Bauhinia lyrata Palas tree Butea frondosa Palat Quercus brandisiana Palaungse Gelsemium elegans Palaung-thay Desmodium wallichii Palaw Diospyros wallichii Palawa Garcinia speciosa Palaw-pi-nan-u-pin Manihot esculenta Palaw-pinan-wa Bambusa multiplex Pale-ban Sambucus javanica Pale-hnit Dendrobium bensoniae Palmetto palm Sabal palmetto Palmyra palm Borassus flabellifer Palowa Thespesia lampas Palu Tamarix gallica Pa-ma-htan-wa Bambusa tuldoides Panama-ngu Cassia spectabilis Panameikli Vitex glabrata Panat-thitkwa Paphiopedilum insigne Pan-bin Ancistrocladus griffithii Pan-chinbaung Althaea rosea Pandein-ngo Asclepias curassavica Pan-ei Lagerstroemia indica Panen Neocinnamomum caudatum Pan-eu-ca-lit Eucalyptus ptychocarpa Pang Vaccinium kachinense Panga Terminalia chebula Pan-gamon Kaempferia rotunda Pa-ngan Sageraea bracteolata Panga-po Nyssa megacarpa Pan-gyauk Carpinus londoniana Statice bonduelli Pan-hmauk Styrax rugosum Pan-hmauk-khon Cissus discolor Pan-hnan Guizotia abyssinica Pan-kado Tacca leontopetaloides Pan-kazun Ipomoea dasysperma Jpomoea mauritiana Pan-kazun-nwe Ipomoea purpurea Pan-khaung-laung Blinkworthia lycioides Pan-kobi Brassica oleracea Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 439 Pan-lahpet Acalypha fruticosa Panlawng Cinchona succirubra Rhododendron formosum Rhododendron veitchianum Panle Woodfordia floribunda Pan-le Woodfordia fruticosa Pan-leikpya Mussaenda polyneura Pan-leinmaw Citrus mitis Pan-let-set Dendrobium findlayanum Pan-letwa Desmodium pulchellum Pan-letwah Clerodendrum paniculatum Panlon Ceriops candolleana Ceriops tagal Pan-ma Anneslea fragrans Tris germanica Schima wallichii Pan-mon-la Brassica oleracea Pan-ngayok Solanum pseudocapsicum Panni Prunus cerasoides Pannu Prunus cerasoides Pan-nu Hemistrepta lyrata Pa-noh Artocarpus heterophyllus Panoh-deh Artocarpus chaplasha Pan-padauk Pterocarpus indicus Thryallis glauca Pan-paiksan Crotalaria juncea Pan-po-detha Clerodendrum paniculatum Pan-sayeik Saraca bijuga Pan-setku-thitkwa Dendrobium crystallinum Pan-shit Impatiens balsamina Panswe Woodfordia frulicosa Pan-swe Woodfordia floribunda Pan-swe-gyo Cymbidium aloifolium Pan-swele Polygala arillata Pan-swe-le Fuchsia magellanica Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Pan-swelwe Clerodendrum nutans Engelhardtia spicata Pansy Viola tricolor Pantaga Osbeckia crinita Pan-taga Calophyllum soulattri Pan-tama Melia azedarach Melia birmanica Melia composita Melia dubia Pan-tet-pya Dendrobium parcum Pan-thadee Acilepis squarrosa Pan-thawka Ixora coccinea Pan-thetshe-kya Cymbidium lowianum Pan-thetshe-nyo Cymbidium iridioides Pan-thetshe-wa Cymbidium hookerianum Pan-thi Malus pumila Pan-thitya Anisoptera scaphula Pentace burmanica Vatica lanceaefolia Pantu-phettu Mussaenda roxburghii Pan-tu-ywet-tu Mussaenda calycina Panu Kaempferia candida Pan-ukalip Eucalyptus ptychocarpa Panu-phyu Kaempferia candida Panwe Artocarpus heterophyllus Pan-ye-sut Thunbergia fragrans Pan-ye-sut-nwe Thunbergia grandiflora Thunbergia laurifolia Panyin Clerodendrum paniculatum Pan-yin Pseudoraphis spinescens Panyin-myet-hmwe Chrysopogon zizanioides Pan-ywet-pya Limnophila repens Pan-zat Eranthemum tetragonum Pan-zayeik Ixora coccinea Ixora congesta Pa-onza Congea tomentosa Papa-waddy Scabiosa maritima Papaya Carica papaya Paper flower Bougainvillea glabra Paper mulberry Broussonetia papyrifera Para grass Brachiaria mutica Para rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis Pa-raik Bombax insigne Parasol flower Holmskioldia sanguinea Parawa Garcinia heterandra Garcinia speciosa Parrot flower Heliconia psittacorum Parsley Petroselinum crispum Parsnip Pastinaca sativa Pashu-padauk Pterocarpus indicus Pashu-phet-wun Kleinhovia hospita Pa-taw-myet Cyrtococcum patens Patchouli Pogostemon heyneanus Patok Saurauia punduana Saurauia roxburghii Patsho Bauhinia nervosa Pattagyi Woodfordia fruticosa Patta-gyi Woodfordia floribunda Pauk Butea frondosa Butea monosperma Pauk-kyan Markhamia stipulata Pauk-net Mucuna macrocarpa Pauk-nwe Butea parviflora Butea superba Spatholobus riparius Spatholobus roxburghii Paukpan-byu Sesbania grandiflora Paukpan-ni Sesbania grandiflora Pauk-pauk-sok Iberis amara Iberis umbellata Pauk-thi-bin Rorippa indica Appendix I: Common Names 440 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Pauktu Trianthema portulacastra Peanut Diploknema butyracea Pa-yan-na-war Arachis hypogaea Pauk-wa Boerhavia diffusa Pear Pseudostachyum polymorphum Boerhavia repanda Pyrus communis Paumiprwah Trianthema crystallina Pearl millet Mitragyna parvifolia Trianthema decandra Pennisetum glaucum Paung Pa-yan-phyu Pe-bin Terminalia alata Gymnanthemum Corypha umbraculifera Terminalia tomentosa volkameriifolium Corypha utan Paungbet Payaung Pe-bizat Ziziphus glabra Sapium sebiferum Dolichos uniflorus Ziziphus oenoplia Payaung-ban Pebok Paung-bok Hoya bella Callicarpa longifolia Eryngium foetidum Paungda-pan Viola tricolor Paung-gyi Ripidium procerum Paung-kaing Ripidium procerum Paung-khon-pan Ageratum houstonianum Paung-mok-thi Artocarpus altilis Paung-net Sorghum bicolor Paungpe Ziziphus incurva Paung-sa Saccharum arundinaceum Paungsa-gyi Mnesithea striata Paung-sa-myet Polytrias indica Paung-thaung Eranthemum splendens Strobilanthes auriculatus Paung-thin-wa Cephalostachyum pergracile Paw pauk Sesbania procumbens Paw-bye-la Codiaeum variegatum Paw-hpuk Sterculia versicolor Paw-leng Sterculia villosa Paw-me-tar Cosmos sulphureus Pawpan Butea monosperma Paw-taw-yer Stereospermum fimbriatum Paw-tha-mein Rhododendron veitchianum Paw-tohkaw Butea superba Paw-wa-ga-me Agapetes setigera Paya-ama Meliosma simplicifolia Paya-ngar-su Dracontomelon dao Pa-yan-na-wa Payaung-chetoe Dendrobium capillipes Payaung-daing-pan Coelogyne parishii Payaung-pan Hoya verticillata Thevetia peruviana Payaung-setku-pan Dendrobium cariniferum Payok Cinnamomum camphora Payoksi-bin Callistemon citrinus Callistemon viminalis Payon-ama Rhizophora mucronata Payon-apo Rhizophora candelaria Payuk Cinnamomum camphora Payungdaing-thitkwa Coelogyne brachyptera Pazin-nyo Vitex peduncularis Pa-zun-chi-gyi Polygonum plebeium Pazun-gok Cyathocalyx martabanicus Pazun-myetsi Viburnum foetidum Pa-zun-sa Polygonum aviculare Pazun-sa-myet Echinochloa colona Pazun-sar Alternanthera sessilis Alternanthera triandra Pazun-ta-bet-myet Setaria palmifolia Pazun-thabet Lippia nodiflora Pazun-za Argyreia barbata Pazunza-gyi Mnesithea striata Peach Prunus persica Peacock flower Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock plant Kaempferia roscoeana Callicarpa tomentosa Pe-bok Glycine max Pebok-gale-ahpyu Callicarpa macrophylla Pe-bok-nwe Paederia foetida Pe-bok-nwe-hmwe-sok Paederia lanuginosa Paederia wallichii Pe-bra Phaseolus lunatus Pe-byu-gyi Lablab niger Phaseolus lunatus Pe-chinbaung Lathyrus sativus Pe-dalet Canavalia gladiata Pedalet-swe Aeschynanthus parasiticus Pe-dalet-yaing Canavalia virosa Vigna marina Pe-dama Canavalia gladiata Pe-damouk Canavalia gladiata Pedanme Vitex pubescens Pedaung-she Vigna catjang Pe-det Canavalia gladiata Pe-det-anet Mucuna utilis Pe-det-net Mucuna cochinchinensis Pe-di Phaseolus radiatus Pe-di-net Phaseolus radiatus Pe-di-sein Phaseolus radiatus Pe-di-wa Phaseolus aureus Pe-doung-she Vigna catjang Pee-la-ka Corchorus olitorius Pe-gale Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 44] Canavalia gladiata Pe-gaung-baung Vigna catjang Pe-gya Phaseolus lunatus Pegyi Lablab niger Peik-chin Piper cubebe Piper longum Peik-thingat Cassia auriculata Pein Colocasia affinis Colocasia esculenta Pein-gamon Hapaline benthamiana Pein-gyi Alocasia macrorrhizos Pein-hmwe Alocasia odora Pein-kya Caladium bicolor Peinne Artocarpus heterophyllus Peinne-bo Palaquium polyanthum Peinne-nwe Maclura cochinchinensis Pein-pan Alocasia gageana Amorphophallus purpurascens Pein-u Colocasia esculenta Pe-kadipa Lablab niger Pe-kyaung Vigna catjang Pe-leikpya Pisum sativum Pe-lenyin Acmella calva Pe-let-kauk Vigna catjang Pe-letma Lablab niger Pe-let-ma Vicia faba Pe-lin-mwe Trichosanthes cucumerina Pellitory Anacyclus pyrethrum Pe-lon Vigna catjang Pe-lum-mwe-thi Trichosanthes cucumerina Pe-lun Vigna catjang Pe-maung-makaw Lablab niger Pe-myit Dolichos tetragonolobus Pe-natha Trigonella foenum-graecum Pe-nauk Phaseolus radiatus Pe-nauk-ni Clitoria ternatea Pe-nauk-saung Phaseolus calcaratus Pe-naung-ni Canavalia gladiata Pe-ngapi Glycine max Pe-nga-shan Vigna catjang Pe-ni Vigna catjang Pe-ni-ale Lens culinaris Pe-ni-gale Vicia sativa Pen-leng Sterculia ornata Pennywort begonia Begonia hydrocotylifolia Peony Paeonia emodi Pe-pan Lathyrus odoratus Pe-pazum Lablab niger Pe-pazun Cyamopsis tetragonloba Pe-po-di Helianthus tuberosus Stachys tuberifera Pepper tree Schinus molle Peppermint Mentha piperita Periwinkle Catharanthus roseus Persian lilac Melia azedarach Persimmon Diospyros chloroxylon Diospyros kaki Peruvian cotton Cochlospermum religiosum Peruvian winter cherry Physalis peruviana Pe-sali Lathyrus sativus Pesan-ban Lens culinaris Vicia sativa Pe-sa-u Pisum sativum Vigna catjang Pe-seik-gyo Lablab niger Pe-sein-sa Pachyrhizus erosus Pe-si-lon Pisum sativum Pe-sin-gon Cajanus cajan Pesin-swe Payena paralleloneura Pe-thi-daung Vigna catjang Pethla Macaranga denticulata Pe-tit-ti-du Vigna catjang Petka Clerodendrum colebrookianum Clerodendrum petasites Clerodendrum squamatum Pet-kanan Meliosma pinnata Pet-lezin Vitex peduncularis Pet-ok Grewia abutilifolia Pet-pein Clerodendrum lasiocephalum Pet-pint Clerodendrum squamatum Petsat Trema politoria Pet-shat Colona floribunda Kydia glabrescens Petsut Engelhardtia spicata Pet-sut Eriobotrya bengalensis Petsut-ye-tama Cedrela febrifuga Pet-taung-yaing Meliosma simplicifolia Petthan Heterophragma adenophylla Heterophragma sulfureum Petthin Ehretia acuminata Petwaing Mallotus albus Mallotus cochinchinensis Pet-waing Colona floribunda Macaranga denticulata Petwaing-byu Sumbavia macrophylla Petwun Berrya ammonilla Berrya mollis Mallotus cochinchinensis Mallotus nepalensis Petwun-byu Mallotus albus Petwun-gyi Talipariti macrophyllum Petya Girardinia heterophylla Girardinia zeylanica Petya-gyi Girardinia heterophylla Laportea crenulata Petya-nwe Appendix I: Common Names 442 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cnesmone javanica Lithocarpus lindleyanus Melochia corchorifolia Pe-wa-kyeik Phet-pya Pilaw-akyi Lablab niger Leucomeris decora Melochia corchorifolia Pe-wali Phet-salut Pilaw-apo Cyamopsis tetragonloba Stachyphrynium spicatum Corchorus olitorius Pe-wet-swe Phet-sa-lut Pilaw-bin Lablab niger Stachyphrynium spicatum Melochia umbellata Pe-yaing Phet-shat Pilaw-chun Melilotus alba Colona floribunda Corchorus olitorius Melilotus indica Grewia sclerophylla Pilaw-hka Pe-yaing-gale Phet-than Corchorus aestuans Crotalaria medicaginea Heterophragma adenophylla Pilaw-kha Pe-yaza Phet-waing Corchorus olitorius Lens culinaris Colona floribunda Pilaw-pinan-u-ywethla Pe-yin Macaranga denticulata Cephalocroton discolor Phaseolus calcaratus Vigna catjang Pe-zaungya Dolichos tetragonolobus Phaizong Prunus cerasoides Phai-zong Prunus persica Phalan-phyu Flemingia macrophylla Phalan-taung-hmwe Costus speciosus Phalar Hedychium elatum Pha-lar Zingiber panduratum Phalar-gale Globba marantina Phalar-phyu Elettaria cardamomum Phalar-yaing Elettaria cardamomum Pha-let-wa Artemisia japonica Phan-kha Terminalia chebula Phat-ka Brassica oleracea Phat-khun-khaik Amaranthus blitoides Phat-kyi Coriandrum sativum Phat-kyi-che Apium graveolens Phat-swon-pan Hibiscus sabdariffa Phaung-kaing Saccharum arundinaceum Pha-wa-net Justicia gendarussa Phawt-myet Hymenachne amplexicaulis Pha-yaung-che-toe Dendrobium moschatum Phet-aung Ficus obscura Phetchin Uvaria cordata Phet-kyan Phet-wun Macaranga denticulata Phet-wun-ni Kydia calycina Phet-ya Justicia procumbens Phet-yar Justicia procumbens Phet-yar-nwe Cnesmone javanica Phet-yar-pho Laportea interrupta Pho-la-min Paeonia emodi Phon-mathein Blumea densiflora Phon-ma-thein Blumea balsamifera Phon-so-gale Hemigraphis flava Physic nut Jatropha curcas Phyu-pya-mu-yar Pereskia grandifolia Pi-don-kya Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi Pigeon grass Setaria pumila Pigeon orchid Dendrobium crumenatum Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan Pigeon plum Coccoloba uvifera Pi-hkum Helicteres elongata Pikesan Crotalaria juncea Crotalaria verrucosa Pike-san-gale Eriosema chinense Pike-san-gyi Crotalaria linifolia Pikesan-thein Crotalaria burhia Pi-khum Gouania leptostachya Pilaw Corchorus capsularis Pilaw-thon-lon-byut Corchorus fascicularis Corchorus olitorius Pilaw-yin Corchorus aestuans Corchorus capsularis Pin reed grass Saccharum bengalense Pin-bwa-bin Tacca leontopetaloides Pineapple Ananas comosus Pingan Millettia multiflora Pingu-gamon Chlorophytum capense Pingu-hnin-pan Hymenocallis littoralis Pin-gu-hteik-peik Leucas cephalotes Pingu-pan Cleome viscosa Pingu-thitkwa Arachnis flos-aeris Pin-hme Passiflora edulis Pink cassia Cassia javanica Pink cedar Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Pink scorpion orchid Arachnis maingayi Pink shower Cassia grandis Pink shower tree Cassia javanica Pinks Dianthus chinensis Pinle-bok Diospyros undulata Pinle-byin Palaquium obovatum Pinlebyin-ani Palaquium sukoei Pinle-kabwe Casuarina equisetifolia Pinle-kanazo Heritiera fomes Heritiera littoralis Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 443 Pinle-kathit Erythrina variegata Pinle-kayin Ximenia americana Pinle-kazun Ipomoea pes-caprae Pinle-kyauk-pan Clerodendrum inerme Pinle-kyetyo Hypobathrum racemosum Pinle-mohwa Manilkara littoralis Pinle-mondaing Kokoona littoralis Pinle-myet-hnar Myrsine capitellata Pinle-ohn Xylocarpus moluccensis Pinle-on Xylocarpus gangeticus Xylocarpus moluccensis Pinle-sa Aegialitis rotundifolia Pinle-swedaw Thespesia populnea Pinle-tan Scaevola koenigii Pinle-thi-kauk Gyrocarpus jacquinii Pinle-thit-kauk Gyrocarpus americanus Pinle-thitkwa-ni Renanthera coccinea Pinle-tinyu Casuarina equisetifolia Pinle-ye-hmyok Gyrocarpus americanus Pinle-zi Xanthium strumarium Ximenia americana Pin-lwng-lap Vaccinium kachinense Pin-sauk Lithocarpus calathiformis Pin-sein Ocimum americanum Ocimum basilicum Pin-sein-ban Salvia coccinea Pin-sein-net Ocimum sanctum Pin-tayaw Grewia eriocarpa Pin-ta-yaw Grewia tiliifolia Pipal Ficus religiosa Pistachio nut Pistacia vera Pista-thee-bin Pistacia vera Pita-monla Rheum australe Pitted blue grass Bothriochloa pertusa Pkhay Xylia xylocarpa Plantain Musa sapientum Plastic-pan Etlingera elatior Plat-le-lin Clematis cadmia Plong Pseuduvaria multiovulata Plum Prunus dulcis Poe-that Aristolochia bracteata Poe-thay-myet Panicum antidotale Po-gaungsa Bischofia javanica Poinsettia Euphorbia pucherrima Poison bulb Crinum asiaticum Crinum latifolium Pokthinma-myet-kauk Derris robusta Pokthinmi Flemingia angusta Polynesian arrowroot Tacca leontopetaloides Pomegranate Punica granatum Pon-na-yeik Ixora coccinea Ponna-yeik Ixora arborea Ixora javanica Ixora lutea Ixora pubirama Ixora rosea Ponna-yeik-gyi Ixora coccinea Pon-nyet Calophyllum inophyllum Pon-pon Physalis minima Popee Urena lobata Poplar Populus euro-americana Pora-mat Benincasa hispida Portia tree Thespesia populnea Portland arrowroot Arum maculatum Posa Morus alba Morus indica Pot Cannabis sativa Pot marigold Calendula officinalis Potato Solanum tuberosum Potato yam Dioscorea bulbifera Po-thidin Bixa orellana Po-thi-din Mallotus philippinensis Powderpuff lily Haemanthus multiflorus Praing Xylia xylocarpa Prairie turnip Psoralea corylifolia Pran Xylia xylocarpa Prang-chyingma Viburnum foetidum Prang-gadawn Clerodendrum serratum Prangkinsa Prunus macrophyllus Prang-kinsa Meliosma simplicifolia Prang-lanhkru Phoenix acaulis Prang-mahkaw Grewia sapida Prangnampan Hypericum pachyphyllum Pra-say-taut Phaseolus vulgaris Prickly chaff Achyranthes aspera Prickly pear Opuntia dillenii Opuntia oxyacantha Pride of India Lagerstroemia reginae Primrose jasmine Jasminum mesnyi Pri-prawn Ardisia solanacea Provence rose Rosa centifolia Prune Prunus dulcis Prung Anthocephalus morindaefolius Nauclea orientalis Prway Xylia xylocarpa Pu-lultha Trichosanthes cucumerina Pumelo Citrus maxima Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima Pun Gordonia anomala Pun-crowng-pun Loranthus collettii Puneala plum Flacourtia cataphracta Pun-pan Appendix I: Common Names 444 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Aesculus punduana Pyaung-sa Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Purging cassia Capillipedium parviflorum Pyinma-ywet-thay Cassia fistula Microstegium ciliatum Lagerstroemia speciosa Purging nut Paspalum conjugatum Pyin-oo-hwin Jatropha curcas Ripidium arundinaceum Cupressus goveniana Purple coral tree Pyaung-sa-gale Pyin-padauk Erythrina fusca Microstegium vagans Afzelia martabanica Purple-flowered velvet bean Pyaungsa-gale Pyin-po Mucuna utilis Arundinella hispida Millettia glaucescens Purslane Pyaungsa-gyi Pyin-sit Portulaca oleracea Microstegium eucnemis Engelhardtia spicata Pusi-nan Pyaungsa-myet Pyinthit-pan Mentha aquatica Ischaemum goebelii Porana volubilis Mentha arvensis Panicum humile Pyi-nyaung Mentha longifolia Sorghum bicolor Ficus benghalensis Mentha spicata Pyaung-sar-gyi Pyisin Put-chaw Microstegium eucnemis Antidesma ghesaembilla Debregeasia longifolia Put-sa-u Dioscorea pentaphylla Putsa-u Dioscorea bulbifera Pwabet Cassia fistula Cassia javanica Pwe-baung Parishia insignis Pwedaung-hinga Swertia angustifolia Pwegaing Cassia angustifolia Cassia senna Pwesay-mezali Cassia alata Pwin-byu Striga lutea Pwin-nan Millettia macrostachya Pwint-tu-ywet-tu Mussaenda flava Mussaenda macrophylla Pwintu-ywettu-ahni Mussaenda erythrophylla Pya Symplocos racemosa Pya-te Syzygium oblatum Pyauk-seik Holoptelea integrifolia Homalium longifolium Pyaung Sorghum bicolor Pyaung-bu Zea mays Pyaung-chyan Sorghum vulgare Pyaung-kaing Phacelurus zea Ripidium arundinaceum Saccharum arundinaceum Pyaung-kaukhnyin Sorghum bicolor Pyaung-myet-pyu Sorghum halepense Pyaung-sar-myet Sorghum nitidum Pyaung-si Sorghum bicolor Pyaung-wa-gokto Bothriochloa wrightii Pya-ye Buddleja macrostachya Pya-ye-san Musa sapientum Pyek Pinus khasya Pinus merkusii Pygmy water-lily Nymphaea tetragona Pyiban-nyo Cassia glauca Pyiban-shwe Cassia glauca Pyidawthein Micromelum hirsutum Pyidin Rhus paniculata Pyi-lon-chantha Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus torelliana Pyi-lon-chan-tha Dracaena helferiana Pyin Xylia xylocarpa Pyin-daw-thein Clausena excavata Pyindaw-thein Murraya koenigii Pyinkado Xylia xylocarpa Pyinma Lagerstroemia speciosa Pyin-ma Lagerstroemia reginae Pyinma-ni Lagerstroemia speciosa Pyinma-phyu Lagerstroemia floribunda Pyinma-yetthey Lagerstroemia speciosa Pyinma-ywet-gyi Pyizin Rhus paniculata Pyo-do-maung Mathiola incana Pyo-ma-naing Barleria polytricha Pyrethrum Tanacetum cinerariifolium Pyu Bruguiera cylindrica Rhizophora candelaria Rhizophora mucronata Quassia Quassia amara Queen flower Lagerstroemia reginae Queen of flowering trees Ambherstia nobilis Queen of orchids Grammatophyllum speciosum Queen of the night Cestrum nocturnum Queen palm Syagrus romanzoffiana Queensland arrowroot Canna indica Queensland hemp Sida rhombifolia Quince Cydonia cathayensis Quinine Cinchona ledgeriana Cinchona succirubra Ra Mucuna utilis Rabbit greens Ipomoea aquatica Radish Raphanus sativus Railway creeper Ipomoea cairica Rain of gold Galphimia glauca Rain tree Samanea saman Rambosteen Nephelium lappaceum Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 445 Rambutan Nephelium ramboutan-ake Ramie Boehmeria nivea Rangoon creeper Combretum indicum Rangoon yam Dioscorea atropurpurea Rape Brassica campestris Rar Bu-shot Kwe-e Canavalia gladiata Raspberry Rubus rosaefolius Rattlesnake orchid Pholidota pallida Red Banana Musa sanguinea Red cassia Cassia marginata Red cedar Toona ciliata Red flesh guava Psidium guineense Red ginger Alpinia purpurata Red jasmine Ipomoea quamoclit Red latan palm Latania lontaroides Red mussaenda Mussaenda erythrophylla Red pepper Capsicum annuum Red pine Dacrydium elatum Red plantain Musa sapientum Red plumeria Plumeria rubra Red poppy Papaver rhoeas Red powderpuff Calliandra griffithii Red salvia Salvia coccinea Red sandalwood Adenanthera pavonina Pterocarpus santalinus Red silk cotton tree Bombax ceiba Redhead powderpuff Calliandra haematocephala Redhot cattail Acalypha hispida Reed mace Typha angustifolia Resurrection lily Kaempferia rotunda Rhodes grass Chloris gayana Rhubarb Rheum australe Ribbed luffa Luffa acutangula Ribbon plant Chlorophytum comosum Ribbon-grass Carex morrowii Rice Oryza sativa Rice bean Phaseolus calcaratus Ringworm shrub Cassia alata Rock cress Arabis alpina Rose amaryllis Zephyranthes carinata Rose apple Eugenia aquea Syzygium jambos Rose bay Nerium oleander Rose cactus Cereus monstrosus Rose grass Cymbopogon martinii Rose myrtle Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Rose of Sharon Hibiscus mutabilis Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Venezuela Brownea grandiceps Rose-moss Portulaca grandiflora Rosy trumpet tree Tabebuia rosea Round zedoary Curcuma zedoaria Royal palm Roystonea regia Royal poinciana Delonix regia Rozelle Hibiscus sabdariffa Rubanru Butea parviflora Spatholobus roxburghii Rue Ruta graveolens Ru-niau-ru Byttneria integrifolia Rusa grass Cymbopogon martinii Rusty shield bearer Peltophorum pterocarpum Sa Melanorrhoea usitata Mitragyna parvifolia Saba Oryza sativa Sabahn Cymbopogon flexuosus Sabalin Cymbopogon citratus Cymbopogon martinii Sabalin-hmwe Cymbopogon nardus Saba-yaing Oryza brachyantha Oryza coarctata Oryza nivara Sabe Jasminum arborescens Jasminum decussatum Jasminum sambac Sabe-gyi Jasminum sambac Sabe-hmwe-sok Jasminum multiflorum Sabe-kaungyan Clerodendrum philippinum Sabe-se Clerodendrum petasites Sabu-bani Thespesia populnea Sabwe Linociera terniflora Saccoline-pyaung Sorghum bicolor Sacred basil Ocimum sanctum Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera Sadawpe Pisum sativum Sadwe-u Dioscorea esculenta Safflower Carthamus tinctorius Saffron Crocus sativus Saga Michelia champaca Saga-byu Michelia baillonii Michelia lacei Sa-gai-tha Capsicum frutescens Sagalay Thrixspermum calceolus Sagalay-ahpyu Aerides falcatum Sagalay-ani Aerides crassifolia Sagalay-che-dauk Dopatrium junceum Sagalay-ni Aerides multiflorum Sa-galay-pan Delphinium ajacis Sagalay-pan Papilionanthe teres Sagalay-thakwa Melothria maderaspatana Sagalay-ywet-kya Hygrochilus parishii Sagalay-ywet-lon Holcoglossum amesianum Sagalay-ywetpya Appendix I: Common Names 446 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hygrochilus parishii Saingnan Samon-nwe Sagale-amauk Strobilanthes auriculatus Momordica cochinchinensis Premna amplectens Strobilanthes rufescens Samon-phyu Saga-lun Intsia bijuga Sagam Quercus spicata Sagang Quercus spicata Saga-phyu Michelia baillonii Michelia doltsopa Saga-po Manglietia insignis Manglietia utilis Saga-sein Cananga odorata Sagasein-gyi Manglietia hookeri Sagat Lithocarpus collettii Lithocarpus grandifolia Quercus glauca Quercus lanceaefolia Saga-thein Alangium begoniaefolia Alangium chinense Sagat-kun-kyan Quercus semiserrata Sagat-pyaung Lithocarpus collettii Sagawa Michelia champaca Saga-yebaw Manglietia utilis Sage Salvia officinalis Sago palm Caryota urens Cycas revoluta Metroxylon sagu Sagwe /xora tomentosa Xanthophyllum flavescens Sagwe-gale Ixora nigricans Sagwe-pan Ixora pubirama Sagyaw Mangifera indica Sagyin Wendlandia paniculata Sahkao Melastoma malabathricum Sahkaw Pyrus pashia Sahpah Moghania macrophylla Saibra Tetrastigma angustifolia Tetrastigma serrulatum Saing-lon Themeda gigantea Themeda villosa Saing-nan-hpo Geniosporum strobiliferum Gomphostemma strobilinum Saingpo Wallichia caryotoides Saingsa Tamarix gallica Saingswe Desmos cochinchinensis Sai-pai-tan Jasminum scandens Saitka Pentace burmanica Sakan-kyein Korthalsia laciniosa Sal Shorea robusta Sa-la Lactuca sativa Salat Lactuca sativa Salat-ywet Lactuca sativa Salbra Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Saleb misra Orchis mascula Saleb orchid Orchis mascula Salmon wood Eriolaena candollei Salsify Tragopogon porrifolius Salu Licuala longipes Licuala peltata Salu-supauk Licuala spinosa Salut Cerbera manghas Salwe Balanites triflora Sam Lagerstroemia parviflora Sameik Anethum graveolens Samhka-lam Lagerstroemia parviflora Sammankaw Ziziphus rugosa Samok Trachyspermum ammi Samon-byu Anisochilus carnosus Samon-nan-tha Hyoscyamus niger Samon-net Nigella sativa Samon-ni Brassica Juncea Lepidium sativum Thymus vulgaris Samon-phyu-yaing Thymus serpyllum Samon-pyu-yaing Seseli indicum Samon-saba Foeniculum vulgare Pimpinella anisum Pimpinella cambodgiana Samum Prunus nepaulensis Samyit Momordica macrophylla San-che Millettia trifoliata Sanda Paeonia emodi Sandalwood Santalum album Sandawa Cordia fragrantissima Sandbox tree Hura crepitans Sandra Paeonia emodi San-du-si Vicia faba Saneng Phoebe lanceolata Sangawn-gmawt Careya arborea Sanghpaw Carica papaya Sani Garcinia paniculata Garcinia pedunculata San-meik-cha-pan Pholidota pallida San-pyaung Sorghum bicolor Sanse Linociera terniflora Sansph-ka Hesperethusa crenulata Santagu Santalum album Santagu-pe Phaseolus lunatus Santal Sandoricum koetjape San-to hai Vigna catjang San-to-nan Dolichos tetragonolobus San-too-see Pisum sativum San-to-pe Vicia faba Sa-nwin Curcuma longa Curcuma zedoaria Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 447 Sanwin-nwe Curcuma pecticulata Sanwin-yaing Curcuma comosa Sa-o-ya Chaetocarpus castanocarpus Sapota Achras zapota Sappan wood Caesalpinia sappan Sa-pyit Vitis vinifera Sar-deik-bo-thi Myristica fragrans Sar-deik-pho Myristica linifolia Sargalay-ahmwe Aerides odoratum Sargalay-kadon Aerides odoratum Sargalay-pan-ywet-lon Luisia teretifolia Sargalay-thitkwa Thrixspermum calceolus Sargalay-ywet-lon Vanda coerulescens Saring Elaeagnus latifolia Sassafras Cinnamomum cecidodaphne Sat Setaria italica Satay Tupidanthus calyptratus Sat-cahy Centipeda minima Sat-gyo-yit Clematis kerriana Satgyo-yit Naravelia zeylanica Sa-thakwa Melothria maderaspatana Sa-tha-kwa Trichosanthes integrifolia Sa-thange-ohnauk Cratoxylum pruniflorum Satle-pyat Bytineria pilosa Sat-loo Eremochloa bimaculata Eremochloa ciliaris Sat-ni Eleusine coracana Satsha Celtis australis Trema orientalis Trema tomentosa Sat-sha Boehmeria hamiltoniana Boehmeria malabarica Boehmeria platyphylla Maoutia puya Sarcochlamys pulcherrima Sat-tamane Turpinia cochinchinensis Sat-tha-kwa Zehneria umbellata Sat-thapoo Pandanus odoratissimus Satthwa Hypolytrum nemorum Sat-thwa-pu Pandanus odoratissimus Satwi Lepisanthes tetraphylla Saucer plant Holmskioldia sanguinea Sauchi Hopea odorata Sauk Combretum trifoliatum Euonymus javanicus Saukchin Garcinia lancaefolia Sauk-kala Salacia verrucosa Saukyo Ilex sulcata lex umbellulata Saung Bruguiera cylindrica Bruguiera sexangula Saung-daw-gu Porana volubilis Saung-daw-ku Verbena officinalis Saung-gale Cratoxylum carneum Saungkyan Capparis flavicans Saung-may-ga Picrorhiza kurroa Saung-may-kha Helleborus niger Saung-me-ka Bridelia stipularis Saung-po Bruguiera conjugata Bruguiera hainesii Saung-taw-ku Cestrum nocturnum Sausage tree Kigelia africana Sawbwa-sa Embelia ribes Sawbya Pterocymbium tinctorium Sawidi Dalbergia ovata Sawkan lxora nigricans Sawkwai Hopea odorata Say Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Saydan-kya Acalypha wilkesiana Sayga-gyl Gentiana kurroo Say-myu Chenopodium ambrosioides Sayo Piper attenuatum Sayo-me Piper nigrum Saypanbin Nicotiana alata Say-ywet-gyi Nicotiana tabacum Scarlet ginger lily Hedychium coccineum Scarlet sage Salvia splendens Scented grass Bothriochloa bladhii Cymbopogon clandestinus Eragrostiella bifaria Scorpion orchid Arachnis flos-aeris Sea bean Dioclea wilsonii Entada pursaetha Mucuna gigantea Sea coconut Lodoicea maldivica Sea dahlia Coreopsis maritima Sea grape Coccoloba uvifera Sea holly Acanthus ilicifolius Sea Island cotton Gossypium barbadense Sea lavendar Statice bonduelli Sebasten tree Cordia dichotoma Se-baung-gyan Pavetta indica Se-damauk Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium Sedan Cymbopogon coloratus Sedan-net Phyllostachys sedan Sedan-wa Phyllostachys mannii Phyllostachys sedan Se-ga Fraxinus floribunda Sega-gyi Andrographis paniculata Helicteres hirsuta Se-gandama Tanacetum cinerariifolium Se-gwa Eleusine indica Se-gyauk Cannabis sativa Se-gyaw-paung-ta-htaung Appendix I: Common Names 448 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Plantago major Se-gyl Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium Se-hnit-yathi Lantana indica Seik-che Bridelia ovata Seik-che-phalan Bridelia ovata Seik-chi Bridelia retusa Seikchi-bo Bridelia retusa Seik-chi-hpo Lepisanthes rubiginosa Seik-chi-nwe Bridelia stipularis Bridelia tomentosa Cleistanthus myrianthus Seik-chi-ywet-the Bridelia glauca Seik-hpalu Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Seik-nan Clausena excavata Phoebe lanceolata Seik-nan-gyi Machilus odoratissima Seiknan-gyi Premna latifolia Seik-phoo Boesenbergia rotunda Seik-ting Vaccinium bancanum Seimyin-kwa Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Seinban Delonix regia Seinban-apya Jacaranda acutifolia Seinban-apya-ywet-seit Jacaranda rhombifolia Seinban-gale Caesalpinia pulcherrima Seinban-gale-awa Caesalpinia pulcherrima Seinban-pya Jacaranda acutifolia Sein-chai-kadipa Cosmos sulphureus Sein-chai-pan Coreopsis tinctoria Sein-gangaw Mischocarpus pentapetalus Seinnaban Lantana aculeata Sein-nabaw Smilax perfoliata Sein-na-baw Smilax quadrata Sein-nagat-pan Alyssum canescens Sein-ta-kyu Tecoma stans Sein-taung Begonia gigantea Se-kalon Martynia annua Se-ka-myin Desmodium gyrans Se-kamyin-pin Desmodium gyroides Se-kha-gyi Fraxinus griffithii Se-khar-gyi Andrographis paniculata Sekku-pan Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea spectabilis Se-kyaw-gyi Plantago major Se-kyetsu Gardenia sessiliflora Randia dumetorum Se-laik-pya Flemingia chappar Flemingia strobilifera Sele Daphne cannabina Seleikbyn Desmodium renifolium Seleik-byu Moghania strobilifera Se-leik-pya Desmodium pulchellum Selik Bauhinia malabarica Se-magyi Meyna spinosa Semakhan Jatropha multifida Semein Millettia eriocalyx Millettia extensa Millettia pachycarpa Se-min Millettia cinerea Seneng Machilus odoratissima Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica Se-pale Gentiana kurroo Sepauk Callicarpa longifolia Sepodi Plantago major Se-pyat-that Actinodaphne angustifolia Sesame Sesamum indicum Se-shing Quercus lanceaefolia Se-thanbaya Canthium parvifolium Gardenia campanulata Randia dumetorum Se-than-baya Gelonium multiflarum Se-thanlyet Desmodium olivaceum Sethnayathi Thevetia peruviana Setkadon Trewia nudiflora Set-kalwe Emblica officinalis Set-thalwe Emblica officinalis Seville orange Citrus aurantium Se-wa-gyi Berberis asiatica Sewah-gale Desmodium oblongum Se-wet-thakauk Sapium insigne Sha Acacia catechu Acacia chundra Shaba Solanum melongena Shabyu Emblica officinalis Sha-byu Acacia ferruginea Phyllanthus pomiferus Sha-dau-ru Byttneria pilosa Shaddock Citrus maxima Shadon-po Acmella calva Shadwe Ardisia solanacea Shaga Rubus ellipticus Shagyaw Mangifera indica Sha-hta-naung Acacia inopinata Shaingteng Wendlandia paniculata Wendlandia tinctoria Shaji Acacia catechu Shala Duabanga grandiflora Shalawi Citrus aurantiifolia Citrus reticulata Sha-lawi Citrus sinensis Shalawng-sagang Lithocarpus jenkinsii Sha-lip-lakang Bauhinia scandens Sha-ma Phyllanthus albizzioides Shame Melastoma malabathricum Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 449 Shamyenru Entada pursaetha Shan camphor Blumea balsamifera Shanang Thunbergia hossei Shanangkaba Thunbergia hossei Shanang-kaji Thunbergia coccinea Shanaze-nwe Stephania japonica Shan-dau-ru Byttneria pilosa Shangbe Taiwania cryptomerioides Shang-gan Butea monosperma Shangpan Gnetum gnemon Shang-shing Pinus khasya Shan-hnan Perilla frutescens Sha-ni Calliandra griffithii Shan-kanyin-ni Aleurites moluccana Shan-kazaw Cassia obtusa Shan-mai Indigofera stachyodes Shan-nan-nan Eryngium foetidum Shan-sega-gyi Swertia angustifolia Shan-tabyetsi Breynia patens Shan-thabye Eucalyptus grandis Shan-thazin Bulbophyllum comosum Shan-wa-bo Dendrocalamus wabo Shanyo Baccaurea sapida Shanzi Fragaria elatior Prunus persica Rubus moluccanus Shan-zi Rubus lasiocarpus Shan-zi-phyu Rubus lasiocarpus Shanzi-yaing Potentilla indica Sha-pang Ricinus communis Shari-mam Fagopyrum esculentum Fagopyrum tataricum Sha-tanaung Acacia microcephala Shauk-cho Citrus aurantiifolia Citrus hystrix Shauk-hka Citrus paradisi Shauk-nu Citrus hystrix Shauk-thakwa Citrus medica Shauk-waing Citrus hystrix Citrus paradisi Shauk-yaing Atalantia monophylla Shaw Scaphium scaphigerum Sterculia angustifolia Sterculia urens Shaw-ah Sterculia coccinea Shaw-byu Sterculia foetida Shawdu Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Shaw-haw Sterculia villosa Shaw-ket Sterculia ornata Shaw-ni Sterculia villosa Shaw-phyu Sterculia versicolor Shaw-prwah Sterculia ornata Shaw-wa Sterculia ornata Shaw-wah Sterculia foetida Talipariti macrophyllum Shayu Baccaurea sapida Shazaung Euphorbia nivulia Shazaung-let-pat Aloe vera Shazaung-let-pat-thein Aloe littoralis Shazaung-let-set Cissus quadrangularis Shazaung-letwa Opuntia dillenii Shazaung-myin-na Euphorbia neriifolia Shazaung-pyatthat Cereus pterogonus Euphorbia trigona Shazaung-tinga-neah Euphorbia milii Shein-kho Gardenia lucida Shein-ngo-bin Ferula asafoetida Shell flower Alpinia zerumbet Shel-lay Itea macrophylla Shew-kyin-hnget-pyaw Ensete glaucum Shia Pinus khasya Shikkho-pin Desmodium gyrans Shi-la Terminalia myriocarpa Shing-lawi Litsea salicifolia Shing-lim Dipterocarpus turbinatus Shing-ling Eurya acuminata Shing-nam Cinnamomum tamala Shingta Loranthus pentapetalus Macrosolen cochinchinensis Shin-le yat Bauhinia malabarica Shin-matet Asparagus racemosus Shin-mwe-lon Typha angustifolia Typha elephantina Shin-mwe-lun Typha orientalis Shin-shit Cedrela febrifuga Shint-ma-tet Asparagus acerosus Toddalia asiatica Shiny peperomia Peperomia pellucida Shitle Swintonia floribunda Shit-le Holigarna helferi Shitle-pyu Swintonia schwenkii Shit-nar-yi-pan Turnera ulmifolia Shit-sha Phyllanthus albizzioides Phyllanthus simplex Shiyam Averrhoa bilimbi Shiyu Baccaurea sapida Shja Pinus merkusii Shoe flower Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Shone Ulmus lancifolia Shrubby basil Ocimum exsul Ocimum gratissimum Shun-bwet-hti-gayon Biophytum sensitivum Shweban-ngwe Mussaenda glabra Appendix I: Common Names 450 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Shwedagon Albizia procera Sin-kadi Asclepias curassavica Si-cho Solanum ferox Shwe-din-ga-pan Orthosiphon spiralis Sinkosi Cosmos bipinnatus Si-gye Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Shwe-gu-than-hlet Premna macrophylla Sinkozi Tadehagi triquetrum Sigyl Helicia terminalis Shwe-gyaw Callicarpa macrophylla Sin-kya Actinodaphne angustifolia Callicarpa tomentosa Euryale ferox Shwe-let-chaung Si-htan Sinleng Pyrostegia venusta Elaeis guineensis Combretum acuminatum Shwe-ngetpyaw Silky oak Sin-let-maung Musa sapientum Grevillea robusta Heliotropium indicum Shwe-nget-pyaw Silt grass Sin-let-maung-gale Ensete ventricosum Paspalum distichum Heliotropium ovalifolium Shwe-nwe Silver beads Sin-letmaung-gale Cassytha filiformis Crassula deltoidea Heliotropium strigosum Cuscuta reflexa Silver fir Heliotropium supinum Shwe-nwe-pan Abies densa Sinma-hmwe-sok Lindera pulcherrima Silver oak Malachra capitata Shwe-pan Grevillea robusta Sinma-mo-phyin Hedychium flavum Silver wattle Grewia abutilifolia Shwe-pan-nwe Allamanda cathartica Shwe-payon Cucurbita maxima Shwe-sit-kyo Dendrobium findlayanum Shwe-ta-sok Calendula officinalis Shwe-ta-sok-pan Calanthe odora Shwe-tu Dendrobium fimbriatum Flickingeria angustifolia Shwe-tu-ah-me Dendrobium fimbriatum Shwe-tu-thitkwa Dendrobium chrysanthum Shwe-wa Bambusa vulgaris Shwe-wa-galay Dendrobium aggregatum Dendrobium aphrodite Dendrobium dixanthum Dendrobium jenkinsii Shwe-wa-myit Coptis teeta Shwewa-pan Allamanda cathartica Vanda vitellina Shwe-war-gale Dendrobium jenkinsii Shwe-zezawa Campsis radicans Saritaea magnifica Shwe-zizawa Pyrostegia venusta Siamese cassia Senna siamea Siberian crab apple Malus baccata Sibin Dipterocarpus kerrii Sibok Acacia dealbata Simakan-nwe Combretum dasystachyum Simidauk Gloriosa superba Peristylus constrictus Peristylus goodyeroides Simin Ixora brunonis Simi-tauk Stemona tuberosa Sin-bizat-gyi Adenostemma lavenia Sin-bonma-yaza Rauvolfia verticillata Sin-che Elephantopus scaber Sin-don-ma-nwe Stephania rotunda Tinospora cordifolia Sindon-ma-nwe Pericampylus glaucus Stephania venosa Tinespora nudiflora Singaung-pe Cicer arietinum Singrumanum Myriopteron extensum Singu-myet Cymbopogon nardus Sin-gwe Stereospermum colais Sin-hkayan Solanum ferox Sin-hkayan-gyin Solanum betaceum Sin-hna-maung Heliotropium indicum Tournefortia roxburghii Sinin-thitkwa Oberonia mucronata Sin-kadet Pterygota alata Sinma-myet-kwin Dendrobium pulchellum Sinma-no-pyin Bridelia stipularis Sinmi-du Bambusa oliveriana Sin-mi-thitkwa Pholidota imbricata Sinmi-tu Thyrsostachys oliveri Sin-mon-hnyin Fimbristylis annua Sin-monnyin-myet Fimbristylis dichotoma Sin-myet Eleusine indica Sinna Pterospermum acerifolium Sinna-thayet Mangifera sylvatica Sin-ngo-mani Tinospora cordifolia Sin-ngo-myet Chloris barbata Paspalidium flavidum Paspalum flavidum Sinngo-myet Chloris barbata Eleusine indica Sinni Waltheria indica Sin-nidu Thyrsostachys oliveri Sinnin-thayet Mangifera caloneura Sinnin-thit-khwa Oberonia mucronata Sin-nin-wa Dinochloa maclellandii Sin-nwe Ochna jabotapita Sinpadi Sapindus rarak Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 45] Sin-peik-chin Scindapsus officinalis Sin-petya Girardinia heterophylla Sin-sama-nwe Tinospora cordifolia Sinswe-pan Desmos chinensis Sinthama-nwe Tinospora nudiflora Sinthana Bambusa sinthana Sin-thapan Ficus auriculata Ficus regia Si-nwe Ochna jabotapita Sinyaw-pan Clematis cadmia Sinyit-nwe Pterolobium densiflorum Pterolobium microphyllum Sinyok Garuga pinnata Sinzwe-gamon Sansevieria cylindrica Si-ohn Elaeis guineensis Si-pwa-gamon Aglaonema commutatum Aglaonema simplex Sipwa-gamon Aglaonema nitidum Si-pwa-gamon-galay Aglaonema pumilum Sipwatoe-gamon Aglaonema costatum Sisal Agave sisalana Sisso Dalbergia sisoo Sit Albizia procera Sitbyu Dichrostachys cinerea Sit-kaing Ripidium arundinaceum Saccharum arundinaceum Sitkauk Urceola micrantha Sit-ton-ni Homalomena rubescens Sitton-sein Syngonium podophyllum Siyo-kyetsu Jatropha curcas Siyo-pan Duranta repens Slipper orchid Paphiopedilum bellatulum Paphiopedilum wardii Slipper plant Pedilanthus tithymaloides Sloe Prunus dulcis Small caltrops Tribulus terrestris Small fennel Nigella sativa Smooth witchgrass Panicum dichotomiflorum Smut grass Polytrias indica Snake climber Bauhinia scandens Snake gourd Trichosanthes cucumerina Snake plant Sansevieria trifasciata Snapdragon Antirrhinum majus Sneezewort Centipeda minima Snow queen Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Soan-pan Saraca declinata Soapnut Lepisanthes rubiginosa Sapindus rarak Sapindus saponaria Sapindus trifoliatus Soft Hemp Cannabis sativa Soit Morus indica Sok-sali Eranthemum splendens Sone-padat Artocarpus champeden Artocarpus rigida Son-myet Syzygium formosum Sonpabataing Plumeria rubra Sont-way Helicia erratica Soo-la-nahpa Cephalostigma paniculatum Soon-hmwe Pandanus odorus Sour dock Rumex crispus Sour grass Bothriochloa pertusa Paspalum conjugatum Soursop Annona muricata Soy bean Glycine max Spanish cane Arundo donax Spanish chestnut Castanea sativa Spanish jasmine Jasminum grandiflorum Spanish needle Bidens pilosa Spear grass Chrysopogon aciculatus Spearmint Mentha spicata Spider flower Cleome spinosa Cleome viscosa Spider lily Hymenocallis littoralis Spider orchid Arachnis flos-aeris Spider plant Chlorophytum capense Spiderwort Commelina benghalensis Tradescantia virginiana Spiked ginger lily Hedychium spicatum Spiked millet Pennisetum glaucum Spiny amaranthus Amaranthus spinosus Spiny bamboo Bambusa bambos Spiny palm Oncosperma fasciculatum Spogel Plantago ovata Sponge gourd Luffa aegyptiaca Spreading hogweed Boerhavia diffusa Spruce Picea brachytyla Squat paspalum Paspalum dilatatum Squill Urginea indica St. Joseph's lily Polianthes tuberosa St. Thomas tree Bauhinia tomentosa Star flower tree Mimusops elengi Star gooseberry Phyllanthus acidus Star ipomoea Ipomoea hederifolia Star-glory Quamoclit lobata Stinking passion flower Passiflora foetida Stinkwood Celtis australis Stinky opal berry Paederia foetida Stone clover Trifolium repens Stramonium Datura stramonium Strawberry geranium Saxifraga sarmentosa Strawberry tree Benthamidia capitata Appendix I: Common Names 452 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Muntingia calabura Strophanthus Strophanthus wallichii Su-balwe Balanites aegyptiaca Balanites triflora Subo Ziziphus incurva Subok Acacia megaladena Suboke Acacia intsia Suboke-gyi Acacia pennata Subok-gale-nwe Acacia pennata Subok-nwe Acacia rugata Subwe Rubus ellipticus Subyu Acacia nilotica Sudan grass Pseudosorghum fasciculare Sorghum bicolor Sugar palm Arenga pinnata Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum Sugauk Capparis sepiaria Ziziphus incurva Sugauk-net Caesalpinia crista Sugyin Harrisonia perforata Su-hun Toddalia aculeata Suk yan-bo Caesalpinia crista Sukar-gale Passiflora foetida Sukyanbo Caesalpinia mimosoides Suk-yan-bo Caesalpinia decapetala Sula-nahpa Oldenlandia diffusa Sulanapha Crotalaria usaramoensis Su-lar-na-phar Heracleum candicans Su-le-gyi Pedalium murex Su-lon Echinops echinatus Suma Caesalpinia pulcherrima Su-magyi Acacia myaingii Sum-bawng Hibiscus sabdariffa Sumbrung Flacourtia cataphracta Flacourtia mollis Sumhtung Mayodendron igneum Sumlang Styrax serrulatum Summer cypress Kochia scoparia Summer wheat Triticum aestivum Sumru-manam Myriopteron extensum Sumtungh-kyeng Mayodendron igneum Sum-tung-hpraw Millingtonia hortensis Sumwe Rubus ellipticus Suna Phaseolus aureus Sunbalnn-pu Phoenix pusilla Sunbalun Phoenix dactylifera Sunbalun-pu Phoenix pusilla Sundew Drosera peltata Sunflower Helianthus annuus Sun-lethe Caesalpinia coriaria Caesalpinia digyna Sun-letthe Caesalpinia cucullata Caesalpinia enneaphylla Caesalpinia microphylla Sunn hemp Crotalaria juncea Sunpalun Phoenix dactylifera Phoenix sylvestris Sunpalun-pu Phoenix pusilla Sunroot Helianthus tuberosus Sun-thabye Syzygium praecox Sunthe Caesalpinia sappan Su-padaung Hygrophila auriculata Su-pan Mahonia thunbergii Supauk-pin Ziziphus oenoplia Sutayet Randia dumetorum Suyit Acacia pennata Suzat-pan Polygonum barbatum Swallow-wort Calotropis procera Swamp bloodwood Eucalyptus ptychocarpa Swamp cypress Taxodium distchum Swan River daisy Brachycome iberidifolia Swani Eriolaena candollei Swedaw Bauhinia monandra Bauhinia pottsii Bauhinia sulphurea Bauhinia vahlii Bauhinia viridescens Trachylobium verrucosum Swe-daw Bauhinia acuminata Swedaw-ni Bauhinia purpurea Swe-daw-nwe Telosma pallida Swedaw-nwe Bauhinia ornata Swedish turnip Brassica campestris Sweet alyssum Alyssum canescens Lobularia maritima Sweet basil Ocimum basilicum Sweet broom Scoparia dulcis Sweet cherry Prunus avium Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Sweet fennel Pimpinella anisum Sweet flag Acorus calamus Sweet gum Liquidambar styraciflua Sweet lime Citrus aurantiifolia Sweet marjoram Origanum marjorana Sweet melon Cucumis melo Sweet olive Osmanthus fragrans Sweet orange Citrus sinensis Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas Sweet scabiosa Scabiosa maritima Sweet sultan Centaurea moschata Sweet William Dianthus barbatus Sweet-scented Indian oleander Nerium oleander Sweetsop Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 453 Annona squamosa Swele-pan Luisia volucris Swethe Millettia pulchra Taba Ficus auriculata Tabat-pan Clarkia pulchella Tabauk Dalbergia oliveri Ta-bay-bu-ah Tabebuia rosea Tabe Dichrostachys cinerea Tabindaing Burmannia candida Tabin-daing-anet Bambusa burmanica Ta-bin-daing-gale Melocanna arundina Ta-bin-daing-wa Bambusa longispiculata Bambusa villosula Melocanna baccifera Schizostachyum distans Tabin-daing-wa Bambusa teres Tabindaing-wa Dendrocalamus longispathus Gigantochloa macrostachya Melocanna baccifera Schizostachyum distans Tabin-shwe-hti Jatropha podagrica Nervilia aragoana Nervilia plicata Tabin-shwe-te Biophytum sensitivum Tabo Kydia calycina Tabu Harrisonia perforata Zanthoxylum acanthopodium Tabuya Alangium begoniaefolia Alangium chinense Tabyetse Desmodium pulchellum Tabyetse-kyan Cystacanthus insignis Tabyetsi Thysanolaena maxima Tabyu lame Sonneratia griffithii Tachanza Heteropanax fragrans Ta-daing-hmwe Artabotrys burmanicus Magnolia grandiflora Tadaing-hmwe Artabotrys hexapetalus Tadet-ko Duabanga grandiflora Tadetti Duabanga grandiflora Tadwe-u Dioscorea esculenta Ta-en Lithocarpus fenestrata Taesap Garuga pinnata Tagat-kwedaung Harpullia cupanioides Ta-gat-net Amoora rohituka Tagat-ni Dysoxylum grande Tagat-pwe-baung Dysoxylum procerum Tagat-pyu Chisocheton paniculatus Tagat-ta-gyi Heynea trijuga Tagat-thitto Aglaia andamanica Aglaia argentea Amoora chittagonga Ta-gau Solanum melongena Tagaung-net Acacia myaingii Ta-gaw-lay Lycopersicon esculentum Tagu Hypericum hookerianum Litsea semecarpifolia Tagu-bok Bhesa robusta Kurrimia robusta Tagu-myet Andropogon ascinodis Tagu-ni Litsea elongata Litsea grandis Litsea monopetala Tagun-lon Rhynchostylis retusa Tagun-longyi Rhynchostylis gigantea Tagunlon-gyi Dendrobium parishii Tagun-lon-ngwe Dendrobium thyrsiflorum Tagunlon-shwe Dendrobium densiflorum Tagu-shaw Litsea glutinosa Litsea panamanja Tagu-thein Litsea salicifolia Tagyin Webera helferi Ta-htu-moo Elaeagnus latifolia Taik-pan Antigonon leptopus Taik-pan-gyi Clerodendrum thomsonae Taik-thada-wa Gigantochloa macrostachya Taing-lon-chantha Portulaca grandiflora Takau Mangifera indica Takothet Pentace burmanica Talagu-wa Bambusa tulda Dendrocalamus longispathus Gigantochloa compressa Ta-laing-gaung Madhuca longifolia Talaing-no Willughbeia edulis Talaingya Hedyotis tavoyensis Talaing-zin Ormosia tavoyana Talaing-zok Parameria laevigata Ta-la-pe Phaseolus vulgaris Ta-la-pe-taung-daing Vigna catjang Talidi Rourea commutata Talipot palm Corypha umbraculifera Tama Azadirachta indica Tamaga Azadirachta indica Tama-gale Melia excelsa Tama-gauk-gyon Triticum durum Tama-kai Albizia lebbek Tamalan Dalbergia oliveri Tamalan-bo Dalbergia burmanica Dalbergia hemsleyi Dalbergia prazeri Tamalan-nwe Dalbergia stipulacea Tamarind Tamarindus indica Tamase Eranthemum macrophyllum Tamase-kyan Hemigraphis flava Justicia decussata Tamasok Glochidion assamicum Glochidion coccineum Glochidion coronatum Glochidion hirsutum Glochidion hohenackeri Glochidion multiloculare Phyllanthus lanceolarius Appendix I: Common Names 454 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tamasok-gyi Glochidion fagifolium Tamasok-pan Peristylus prainii Tama-ye Leea robusta Tame Indigofera lacei Syzygium cumini Tamibaw Caryota mitis Taminbaw Caryota urens Taminsok Engelhardtia spicata Glochidion multiloculare Tampee Strobilanthes brandisii Tamyetse Thysanolaena maxima Ta-myet-si Eranthemum macrophyllum Ta-myet-si-kyan Cystacanthus insignis Tamyin-wa Schizostachyum distans Tanat-sa Dasymaschalon blumei Desmos chinensis Tanatsan Mussaenda wallichii Tanat-taw Garcinia elliptica Tanaung Acacia leucophloea Acacia suma Tanaung-subyu Calliandra kingii Ta-ner-hgaw Coriandrum sativum Tanga-ngayoke Clematis sceleratus Ranunculus sceleratus Tangerine Citrus reticulata Tangpul Schefflera venulosa Tankyat Prunus macrophyllus Tan-kyetmauk Ochna pumila Tan-nam Aralia foliolosa Tanner's tea Cassia auriculata Tan-si-pin Aleurites montana Tanyin Abarema bigemina Archidendron jiringa Lithocarpus lappaceus Tanyin-bo Micromelum pubescens Tanyin-byan Hopea oblongifolia Tanyi-ni Callerya atropurpurea Tanyin-si Aleurites moluccana Ta-ok Quercus brandisiana Tapa-say Clerodendrum phlomides Tapat-wa Neohouzeaua stricta Tapauk Dalbergia paniculata Tape grass Vallisneria spiralis Tapioca Manihot esculenta Tarabi Solanum ferox Taro Colocasia esculenta Taro vine Scindapsus officinalis Tarok-mon-nyin Brassica oleracea Ta-rok-nannan Apium graveolens Tartary Fagopyrum tataricum Taru-ta-na-ngaw Apium graveolens Ta-sae-ark Bidens alba Ta-sae-ut Bidens alba Bidens pilosa Tasha Emblica officinalis Tasmase-kyan Cystacanthus insignis Tat-talum Intsia bijuga Tat-ta-ya-nwe Byttneria pilosa Tauk-kade Parinari costata Parinari helferi Taukkyan Terminalia alata Terminalia crenulata Terminalia tomentosa Tauk-kyant Terminalia tomentosa Taukkyan-thi-gwi Terminalia crenulata Taukkyant-ywet-gyi Terminalia coriacea Taukkyan-ywetgyi Terminalia coriacea Taukkyan-ywet-gyi Terminalia crenulata Taukkyan-ywet-she Terminalia crenulata Tauksha Vitex canescens Vitex glabrata Vitex leucoxylon Vitex quinata Vitex vestita Taukshama Turpinia cochinchinensis Tauksha-thon-gwa Vitex peduncularis Taukta Kaempferia candida Zingiber squarrosum Taukte-letwa Coldenia procumbens Schefflera venulosa Taukte-thitkwa Vanda tessellata Tauktet-letwa Heptapleurum venulosum Tauktu-ywe Cinnamomum tavoyanum Illicium griffithii Tauku-ywe Cinnamomum obtusifolium Taukyat Helicia robusta Putranjiva roxburghii Taung-america-thawka Brownea grandiceps Taung-bamaw Actinodaphne angustifolia Taung-baung Leea indica Taung-bein Artocarpus calophyllus Taung-bok Diospyros crumentata Ternstroemia penangiana Taungbo-lelin Blinkworthia lycioides Taungbo-lulin Blinkworthia lycioides Taungbyin Wendlandia glabrata Taung-damin Desmodium pulchellum Taung-ganaw Anneslea fragrans Taung-gangaw Mesua nervosa Taung-gwe Eriolobus hookeriana Eriolobus indica Lannea coromandelica Taung-gyobo Rhus paniculata Taung-hnaw Adina indivisa Taung-htan Livistona jenkinsiana Livistona rotundifolia Livistona speciosa Taungka Millettia glaucescens Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 455 Taung-kabut Polyalthia jenkinsii Taung-kado Mallotus floribundus Taung-kaing Erianthus hookeri Mnesithea striata Taung-kala Sapium insigne Taung-kalamet Cordia fragrantissima Taung-kalamet-thitkwa Hygrochilus parishii Taung-kamaka Picrasma javanica Taung-kamin Olea dentata Taung-kamyaing Rhodamnia trinervia Taung-kan Ternstroemia japonica Taung-ka-nyin Phoebe paniculata Taung-kapyaw Homalium griffithianum Taung-kathit Erythrina stricta Taung-kaukno Litsea monopetala Taung-kaw Licuala peltata Taung-kaye Dialium indum Taung-kazaw Millettia glaucescens Taung-kazun Ipomoea nil Taung-kazun-gyi Stictocardia tiliifolia Taung-kya Stephania discolor Stephania rotunda Stephania venosa Taung-kya-gale Nasturtium officinale Tropaeolum majus Taung-kyein Calamus doriaei Taung-kyetmauk Xerospermum noronhianum Taung-kyi Barringtonia cymosa Barringtonia racemosa Taung-kyibaung Viscum orientale Taung-kyu Arundina graminifolia Taung-laphet Eurya japonica Taung-lelu Olax psittacorum Taung-letkok Pterygota alata Taung-let-pan Bombax insigne Taunglon-gyaw Mallotus helferi Taung-magyi Albizia odoratissima Taung-maisein Indigofera brunoniana Taung-mayo Alstonia scholaris Taung-meoak Alstonia scholaris Taung-meyaing Indigofera brunoniana Taung-mezali Senna timoriensis Taung-nabay-bauk Dendrobium ochreatum Taung-nagye Pterospermum lanceifolium Taung-ne-kauk Styrax rugosum Taung-ngayok Grewia glabra Taung-nga-yok Acer laevigatum Taung-ngwe-tu Dendrobium infundibulum Taung-nyin-gyi Pterospermum jackianum Taung-ohn Arenga saccharifera Taung-on Arenga pinnata Taungoo-wa Gigantochloa toungooensis Taung-peinne Artocarpus chaplasha Taung-petwun Talipariti macrophyllum Taung-pet-wun Mallotus cochinchinensis Taung-pharlar Heracleum candicans Taung-phet-wun Pterospermum acerifolium Taung-phyu Memecylon grande Taung-put Ternstroemia penangiana Taung-saga Hiptage obtusifolia Manglietia insignis Myristica amygdalina Taung-sagaing Anisoptera scaphula Mischocarpus pentapetalus Swintonia floribunda Taung-sagyin Wendlandia tinctoria Taung-salat Croton caudatus Taung-sa-meik Pimpinella heyneana Taungsin-hpet Stachyphrynium cadellianum Taungsin-phet Phrynium capitatum Taung-suka-pan Hiptage arborea Taung-tama Cedrela serrata Toona ciliata Taung-taminsok Engelhardtia spicata Taung-tangyi Premna integrifolia Taung-teik Jasminum velutinum Taung-thabye Decaspermum parviflorum Syzygium diospyrifolium Tristaniopsis burmanica Taung-thale Garcinia cowa Taung-thale-ani Garcinia microstigma Taung-thanat Cordia brunnea Taung-thanut Cordia grandis Cordia myxa Taurg-tha-phan Ficus glomerata Taung-thawka Hiptage candicans Taung-thayet Irvingia oliveri Swintonia floribunda Taung-thin-baw Scaphium scaphigerum Taung-thit-hpyu Juglans regia Taung-thitkwa-ni Renanthera imschootiana Taung-thitsi Drimycarpus racemosus Melanorrhoea glabra Taung-wabo Dendrocalamus brandisii Taung-ye-chinya Hypericum patulum Taung-ye-kyanya Hypericum hookerianum Taung-yemane Lophopetalum fimbriatum Taung-yemyaw Aesculus indica Taungyo-pyizin Tristaniopsis burmanica Taung-zalat Rauvolfia microcarpa Taung-zalat-ni Rhododendron arboreum Taung-zalut Wrightia arborea Taung-zaung Euphorbia lacei Taung-zin-phet Appendix I: Common Names 456 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Phrynium capitatum Taungzon-in-pet Memecylon oleaefolium Taushaw Firmiana colorata Tawbut Diospyros montana Taw-chin-baung Hibiscus hispidissimus Hibiscus surattensis Taw-dan-gale Impatiens chinensis Taw-danyin Connarus paniculatus Taw-dawna Gnaphalium indicum Taw-duyin Durio mansoni Taw-gale-met Dalbergia foliacea Taw-gwebyu Schrebera swietenioides Tawgyi-gangaw Syzygium subrufum Tawegyi-thitkauk Symplocos sumuntia Tawegyi-thitya Sarcosperma arboreum Taw-hingala Cleome burmanii Gynandropsis gynandra Taw-hnan Anisomeles candicans Leucas aspera Leucas lavandulaefolia Leucas zeylanica Taw-hnan-gale Leucas decemdentata Taw-hninsi Rosa gigantea Taw-htan Livistona speciosa Taw-insok Glochidion coccineum Tawitho Terminalia bellerica Taw-kalamet Pterospermum acerifolium Taw-kanako Cleidion spiciflorum Jatropha gossypifolia Jatropha pungens Taw-kanzat Jasminum scandens Taw-kaya Xantolis burmanica Taw-kazun Ipomoea marginata Taw-khan-pin Carissa spinarum Taw-kinmon Cephalandra indica Gymnopetalum conchinchinense Taw-kun Pinanga gracilis Piper ribesioides Piper sumatranum Piper sylvaticum Tawkunkauk Ehretia laevis Taw-kun-thi Areca triandra Taw-kwanyo Naravelia laurifolia Taw-kya Drypetes macrophylla Taw-kyai Microtropis bivalvis Taw-kyaungban Clerodendrum neriifolium Taw-kyet-gale-pan Dacrydium elatum Taw-kyetmauk Dimocarpus longan Nephelium hypoleucum Taw-kyet-mauk Acilepis squarrosa Aerva sanguinolenta Cnestis ramiflora Taw-kyet-paung Chonemorpha verrucosa Taw-kyet-sa Chionanthus ramiflora Linociera ramiflora Taw-kyetsu Jatropha glandulifera Taw-kyetthun Asphodelus tenuifolius Taw-kyi Barringtonia angusta Taw-lahpet Maesa indica Taw-laphet Eurya acuminata Eurya japonica Taw-lavender Lavandula burmanni Taw-longan Dimocarpus longan Taw-magyi Elaeocarpus robustus Taw-ma-hnyo-lon Grangea maderaspatana Taw-matpe Phaseolus trilobus Taw-mayan Bouea burmanica Taw-meyaing Breynia patens Indigofera galegoides Indigofera pulchella Taw-mezali Archidendron clypearia Derris microphylla Senna siamea Senna timoriensis Taw-mingut Garcinia heterandra Taw-mon-hnyin Rorippa indica Taw-myauk-u Dioscorea alata Taw-nagaset Dracaena spicata Taw-nagazat Peliosanthes humilis Taw-nga-pyaw Musa sapientum Taw-ngayok Murraya paniculata Taw-nga-yoke Catharanthus pusilla Taw-nget-pyaw Musa itinerans Musa laterita Musa ornata Musa velutina Tawngto-nao Callicarpa tomentosa Taw-nibase Wendlandia ligustrina Taw-ohn Arenga saccharifera Wallichia disticha Taw-okshit Rinorea bengalensis Taw-on Arenga pinnata Taw-pe Pueraria phaseoloides Rhynchosia avensis Rhynchosia minima Teramnus labialis Vicia sativa Vigna pilosa Taw-peik-san Clitoria mariana Taw-pe-nauk Phaseolus aconitifolius Taw-pesein Clitoria mariana Taw-petsut Ehretia acuminata Linociera ramiflora Turpinia cochinchinensis Taw-phet-sut Chionanthus ramiflora Taw-pikesan Crotalaria orixensis Crotalaria retusa Taw-pike-san Crotalaria sericea Crotalaria striata Taw-pikeson Crotalaria quinquefolia Taw-pilaw Malvastrum coromandelianum Taw-pin-sein Leucas aspera Taw-posa Alangium begoniaefolia Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 457 Alangium chinense Morus laevigata Taw-pyin-daw-thein Clausena heptaphylla Taw-pyindaw-thein Clausena excavata Tawsabe Jasminum multiflorum Taw-sabe Chionanthus macrocarpus Chonemorpha verrucosa Ichnocarpus frutescens Jasminum laurifolium Jasminum rotilerianum Jasminum scandens Jasminum sessiliflarum Jasminum smalianum Jasminum syringaefolium Taw-sabe-gyl Jasminum angustifolium Tawsabe-nwe Jasminum coarctatum Taw-sabyit Cayratia trifolia Taw-sadawpe Pisum elatius Taw-saga-sein Miliusa thorelii Polyalthia simiarum Taw-sanwin Curcuma aromatica Taw-sa-nwin Curcuma roscoeana Taw-saung-mega Stephania japonica Taw-saung-taw-gu Wendlandia grandis Taw-seik-nan-gyi Cinnamomum glanduliferum Taw-shauk Atalantia monophylla Citrus medica Glycosmis chlorosperma Glycasmis pentaphylla Taw-shauk-nwe Paramignya griffithii Paramignya longispina Taw-shwewa Moghania macrophylla Taw-shwe-war Flemingia macrophylla Taw-suka Passiflora foetida Taw-sunpalun Phoenix sylvestris Taw-swen-kyauk Ehretia laevis Taw-tama Cedrela microcarpa Taw-tamaga Melia birmanica Taw-te Diospyros kaki Taw-thabut Momordica cochinchinensis Polyalthia simiarum Taw-thabye Syzygium fruticosum Syzygium thumra Taw-tha-byet Byttneria pilosa Tawthagyet Pandanus foetidus Taw-thana-kha Anacolosa griffithii Taw-thayet Mangifera caloneura Mangifera sylvatica Taw-thidin Mallotus clellandii Taw-thi-din Mallotus philippinensis Taw-thidin-nwe Mallotus repandus Taw-thinbaw Dioscorea wallichii Taw-thit-kya Aleurites moluccana Dracontomelon dao Tawt-sadawpe Lathyrus aphaca Taw-wah Abelmoschus crinitus Abelmoschus moschatus Hibiscus mutabilis Thespesia lampas Taw-yinma Chukrasia tabularis Taw-yon Origanum vulgare Taw-yonbade Abelmoschus ficulneus Taw-yon-padi Hibiscus panduriformis Taw-zadeik-po Myristica malabarica Taw-zalat Tabernaemontana divaricata Taw-zalatpyu Actephila excelsa Taw-zi Ziziphus rugosa Taw-zi-nwe Ziziphus oenoplia Taw-ziphyu Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Taya Emblica officinalis Tayaw Excoecaria agallocha Grewia hirsuta Grewia rothii Ta-yaw Grewia tiliifolia Tayaw-ah Grewia abutilifolia Tayaw-ni Kydia calycina Ta-yaw-nyo Ventilago maderaspatana Tayaw-nyo Grewia glabra Grewia laevigata Helicteres elongata Ventilago calyculata Tayaw-nyo-nwe Gouania leptostachya Tayaw-ywet-the Paradombeya burmanica Paradombeya multiflora Tayaw-ywet-waing Eriolaena candollei Ta-ye-li-kyein Calamus tenuis Tayok-hnin-si Nerium oleander Tayok-Hninthi Eriobotrya japonica Tayok-htan Livistona chinensis Tayok-khaung-bin Taiwania cryptomerioides Tayok-kyetmauk Dimocarpus longan Tayok-magyi Pithecellobium dulce Tayok-monla Brassica rapa Tayok-nanan Petroselinum crispum Tayok-nannan Apium graveolens Tayok-pe Canavalia turgida Vicia faba Tayok-sabe Trachelospermum jasminoides Tayok-saga Plumeria rubra Tayoksaga-ani Plumeria rubra Tayok-saga-aphyu Plumeria obtusa Tayok-te Diospyros discolor Diospyros kaki Tayok-the Bischofia javanica Tayok-zaungya Averrhoa bilimbi Tayok-zi Litchi chinensis Tayo-nwe Dioscorea glabra Ta-zaung Euphorbia neriifolia Tazaung-ga Caralluma umbellata Tazaung-gyi Euphorbia antiquorum Tazaung-gyin Caralluma umbellata Appendix I: Common Names 458 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tazaung-letyo Euphorbia tirucalli Tazaung-myin-na Euphorbia nivulia Tazaung-pyathat Euphorbia antiquorum Euphorbia lacei Tazin Linociera terniflora Memecylon plebejum Tazin-gyi-ahpyu Calanthe vestita Tazin-net Bulbophyllum nigrescens Tazin-yattaung Bulbophyllum modestum Tazit-ni Amoora chittagonga Te Diospyros burmanica Diospyros glandulosa Diospyros kaki Diospyros mollis Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Diospyros variegata Tea Camellia sinensis Tea of China Camellia sinensis Teak Tectona grandis Te-bo Homalium grandiflorum Teinnyet Caesalpinia sappan Tein-pan Asparagus acerosus Tein-taung-nyo-pya Tradescantia virginiana Tenasserim pine Pinus merkusit Teosinte Zea mays Tepary bean Phaseolus aconitifolius Tetke-myet Themeda x intermedia Tetkwet Ischaemum rugosum Tet-pya Limnocharis flava Nomocharis georgei Texas wild rice Zizania texana Teza-bo Zanthoxylum armatum Thaba-bo-ku Lactuca sativa Thaba-di-baw Daucus carota Thaba-paw Brassica oleracea Thabaw Pandanus foetidus Thabaw-myet Cyperus corymbosus Tha-bawt-myet Cyperus corymbosus Thabeik Lagerstroemia tomentosa Lithocarpus falconeri Quercus helferiana Thabeik-shaw Lithocarpus grandifolia Thabeik-thitta Lithocarpus amherstianus Thabe-pinbwa Syzygium formosum Thabut Polyalthia simiarum Sageraea elliptica Uvaria cordata Uvaria grandiflora Uvaria ptychocalyx Tha-but-chaw Luffa aegyptiaca Thabut-gyi Miliusa velutina Uvaria cordata Thabu-thabye Syzygium jambos Thabut-kha Lufja aegyptiaca Trichosanthes cucumerina Thabut-net Mitrephora teysmanni Tha-but-nwe Luffa acutangula Luffa aegyptiaca Thabut-nwe Uvaria cordata Tha-but-pan Dendrobium secundum Tha-but-thein Machilus villosa Thabut-thein Miliusa roxburghiana Polyalthia crassa Thabut-wa Neohouzeaua dullooa Neohouzeaua stricta Thabye Eugenia bracteolata Eugenia contracta Eugenia praetermissa Kayea kunstleri Memecylon celastrinum Syzygium attenuatum Syzygium fastigiatum Syzygium lineatum Syzygium subrufum Thabye-bauk Syzygium zeylanicum Thabye-byu Syzygium malaccense Thabye-cho Syzygium pachyphyllum Thabye-ga Eugenia albiflora Eugenia venusta Thabye-gangaw Mesua nervosa Thabye-gyi Linociera macrophylla Syzygium grande Syzygium thumra Thabye-gyin Cleistocalyx nervosum Syzygium cerasoides Thabye-hmwe-sok Eugenia bracteata Thabye-kyet-chi Phoebe paniculata Syzygium cumini Thabye-kyetter Syzygium cymosum Thabye-kywe-gaung Eugenia claviflora Syzygium claviflorum Thabye-ni Eugenia oblata Syzygium oblatum Syzygium zeylanicum Thabye-nyo Linociera macrophylla Syzygium kurzii Thabye-on Memecylon caeruleum Memecylon celastrinum Memecylon umbellatum Thabye-pauk-pauk Syzygium gratum Syzygium syzygioides Thabye-phyu Syzygium cumini Thabye-pinbwa Syzygium formosum Syzygium grande Thabye-pin-bwa Eugenia claviflora Thabye-pinpwa Ilex sulcata Thabye-satche Syzygium inophyllum Syzygium oblatum Thabye-sat-chi Eugenia inophylla Eugenia oblata Thabye-shin Eugenia operculata Tha-byet Momordica macrophylla Thabyetsi-bin Sida spinosa Tha-bye-yitpauk Syzygium claviflorum Thabye-yit-pauk Eugenia claviflora Thabye-ywetgyi Syzygium thumra Thabye-ywet-gyi Syzygium grande Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 459 Syzygium thumra Thabye-ywetthay Glochidion leiostylum Thabye-ywet-thay Syzygium fruticosum Thabyu Dillenia indica Thabyu-thaby Syzygium jambos Thabyu-thabye Syzygium diospyrifolium Syzygium malaccense Thada-paha Ruta graveolens Thadi Protium serratum Tha-dut Ficus cunia Thadut-ni Dioscorea spinosa Thagat Chisocheton divergens Tha-gu-bin Metroxylon sagu Thagya Achras zapota Thagya-bin Scoparia dulcis Thagya-hlandin Tadehagi triquetrum Thagya-hlan-thwa Yucca aloifolia Thagya-laung-ni Striga lutea Thagya-let-hnyo Luisia amesiana Thagya-letwa Dendrobium anceps Fagraea obvata Schefflera venulosa Tha-gya-ma-geik Orthosiphon rubicundus Thagya-nai Moghania semialata Thagya-nwethan Leea herbacea Thagya-wah Gossypium arboreum Thagyet Pandanus foetidus Thaiktu-hmyintu Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia Thaik-wa Bambusa burmanica Bambusa tulda Gigantochloa auriculata Thaik-wabo Bambusa kingiana Neohouzeaua dullooa Thaik-wa-gyi Bambusa burmanica Thaing-kyein Calamus erectus Thakabti Schleichera oleosa Tha-kha-ma Cucumis moschata Tha-khut Dolichandrone serrulata Tha-khwar Cucumis melo Tha-khwar-hmwe Cucumis melo Tha-khwar-thi Cucumis sativus Thakut Dolichandrone atrovirens Dolichandrone falcata Dolichandrone spathacea Radermachera glandulosa Thakut-ma Dolichandrone spathacea Thakut-pho Stereospermum colais Thakut-po Stereospermum colais Stereospermum fimbriatum Stereospermum suaveolens Thakwa-hmwe Cucumis melo Tha-kya-pin Chrysophyllum roxburghii Thala Croton flocculosus Thalaw-wa Bambusa thalaw-wa Thale Symplocos leucantha Tha-le Broussonetia papyrifera Ulmus lancifolia Thale-thi Punica granatum Thamaga Congea tomentosa Tha-maga-apya Petraea volubilis Thamaga-mwezok Sphenodesme microstylis Thamaga-nwe Congea tomentosa Symphorema involucratum Thamaka-nwe Combretum decandrum Thaman-gya Cryptolepis buchanani Thaman-myet Arundinella bengalensis Arundinella birmanica Eragrostis barbulata Eragrostis brownti Eulaliopsis binata Leersia hexandra Thaman-shaw Thespesia lampas Thame Avicennia officinalis Thame-net Avicennia officinalis Thamin-mwe Aristida depressa Thamin-sa Randia dumetorum Thamin-za-ni Gardenia turgida Thamin-za-phyu Gardenia sessiliflora Thamon Boscia variabilis Thamu-chyok Abutilon indicum Thamya Stemona burkillii Tha-myet Momordica cochinchinensis Than Terminalia oliveri Thanakha Hesperethusa crenulata Thanat Cordia dichotoma Cordia gharaf Cordia myxa Cordia subcordata Thanat-gyi Cordia wallichii Thanatka-wa Aglaia odorata Aglaia odoratissima Thanat-kha Chloranthus officinalis Thanatkha-pan Aglaia odorata Thanat-pyit-si Pogostemon heyneanus Thanat-taw Garcinia heterandra Thana-wa Thyrsostachys oliveri Thanbaya Citrus aurantiifolia Thanbaya-cho Citrus aurantiifolia Than-bayo Citrus limon Thanbe Stereospermum neuranthum Than-bo Terminalia nigrovenulosum Terminalia tripteroides Than-bu-lam Achimenes longiflora Than-byet-gyi Desmodium gangeticum Thanda-lay Ascocentrum curvifolium Thande Stereospermum colais Stereospermum grandiflorum Stereospermum neuranthum Stereospermum suaveolens Than-hlyet-gale Appendix I: Common Names 460 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Uraria lagopodioides Thankaungh Terminalia chebula Thanlung Polyalthia jenkinsii Thanlwin-thi Osmanthus fragrans Than-ma-naing-kyauk-ma-naing Alysicarpus vaginalis Than-manaing-kyauk-manaing Diplacrum caricinum Indigofera linifolia Than-manaing-kyauk-manaing- myet Diplacrum caricinum Than-ma-nii-myet Brachiaria mutica Thanpe Terminalia tripteroides Thanpetkyot Tournefortia roxburghii Than-tay Stereospermum colais Than-thabye Syzygium praecox Thanthat Albizia lucidior Than-that Stereospermum fimbriatum Than-that-gyi Amoora rohituka Than-thay Ficus annulata Than-thit Stereospermum fimbriatum Thanut Cordia dichotoma Cordia gharaf Thapa-bo Brassica oleracea Thapan Ficus glomerata Thapangaing Cymbopogon coloratus Thapan-pin Ficus chittagonga Thaphan Ficus clavata Tha-phan Ficus chartacea Thaphut Miscanthus floridulus Tharaphi Calophyllum venustum Tharapi Calophyllum amoenum Calophyllum kunstleri Calophyllum parkeri Calophyllum polyanthum Calophyllum soulattri Ochrocarpos siamensis Thar-baung Calamus longisetus Thatch palm Sabal palmetto That-thabye Syzygium thumra Thauk-kya Vitex glabrata Thaukkyan-ywet-they Terminalia crenulata Thaw-hkai Neohouzeaua helferi Thawka Ambherstia nobilis Clerodendrum calamitosum Saraca indica Thawka-apo Paranephelium xestophyllum Thawka-gyi Amherstia nobilis Thawka-mala Castanospermum australe Thawka-po Saraca indica Thawkhwwe Neohouzeaua helferi Thaw-ma-le-ta Ruta graveolens Thayaw Byttneria andamanensis Grewia acuminata Thayaw-wa Cephalostachyum virgatum Thayet Mangifera indica Thayet-cho Sideroxylon burmanicum Xantolis tomentosa Thayet-hte-myo-nwavi Vanda denisoniana Thayet-hte-pan Phlox drummondii Thayet-hte-thitkwa Vanda denisoniana Thayet-kan Swintonia floribunda Thayetkin Curcuma amada Thayet-kin Swintonia floribunda Thayet-kyi-baung Dendrophthoe pentandra Thayet-le Swintonia floribunda Thayet-phyu Mangifera indica Thayet-pok Mangifera foetida Thayet-pya Mangifera longipes Thayet-san Swintonia floribunda Swintonia schwenkii Thayet-thabye Eugenia mangifolia Thayet-thamon Styrax serrulatum Thayet-thin-baung Buchanania lancifolia Thayet-thisi Mangifera longipes Thayet-thitsi Gluta renghas Gluta tavoyana Thayin Gomphostemma strobilinum Thayon Neptunia robertsonii Thazin Bulbophyllum suavissimum Thazin-bo Liparis viridiflora Thazin-gyi-pan-yaung Calanthe rosea Thazin-hpo Dendrobium pycnostachyum Thazin-kyet-chi Dendrobium peguanum Thazin-lay Bulbophyllum polyrrhizum Thazin-pan Bulbophyllum auricomum Theban Samadera indica Thebla Gmelina arborea Thekke Erianthus ravennae Imperata cylindrica Thekke-gale Eulalia trispicata Thekke-gyi Erianthus chrysothrix Imperata exaltata Narenga porphyrocoma Saccharum spontaneum Thekke-kyet-mi Imperata koenigii Thekke-min Themeda gigantea Themeda villosa Thelawaw Careya arborea Themin-mwe Aristida funiculata The-myet Sporobolus glaucifolius The-padaw Sporobolus tremulus The-po Antidesma velutinosum The-rhe Dalbergia cultrata Thesaw-wa Strychnos nux-blanda Thethet Pentace burmanica Thet-magyi Parkia leiophylla Thet-ta-kaya Castanopsis tribuloides Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 461 Thetyin Croton robustus Thetyin-gale Croton joufra Thetyin-gyi Croton oblongifolius Croton roxburghianus Thetyin-kado Croton joufra Croton wallichii Thewala Homalium tomentosum Thi Limonia acidissima Thiag-riang Terminalia bellerica Thidin Bixa orellana Thidok-lettok Sorghum bicolor Thi-ha-yaza Hesperethusa crenulata Thi-hmwe-nget-pyaw Musa acuminata Thiho-ngu Cassia multijuga Thiho-thayet Anacardium occidentale Thi-ho-thit-kya-bo Cinnamomum verum Thikwa Eria lasiopetala Thikya-bo Cinnamomum tamala Thin Donax grandis Schumannianthus dichotomus Thinban Talipariti tiliaceum Thinbaung Phoenix paludosa Thinbaung-shaw Thespesia lampas Thinbaw Carica papaya Thinbaw-adalut Maranta arundinacea Thinbaw-awza Annona cherimolia Annona reticulata Thinbaw-bu Cucurbita pepo Thinbaw-hmo-chin Oxalis latifolia Thinbaw-kalan Melaleuca alternifolium Thinbaw-kanako Jatropha gossypifolia Thinbaw-kaththit Erythrina crista-galli Thinbaw-kokko Samanea saman Thinbaw-kyetsu Jatropha curcas Thinbaw-kyetthun-meik Allium ampeloprasum Thinbaw-letpan Ceiba pentandra Thinbaw-magyi Albizia falcata Sophora tomentosa Thinbaw-ma-hnyo-pan Catharanthus roseus Thinbaw-mahnyo-pan Vinca rosea Thinbaw-ma-hnyo-pan-aphyu Catharanthus roseus Thinbaw-mezali Peltophorum pterocarpum Thin-baw-na-nat Agave verda-cruz Thinbaw-nanat-gyi Furcraea foetida Thinbaw-ngusat Gliricidia sepium Thinbaw-nwecho Glycyrrhiza glabra Thinbaw-ohn Syagrus romanzoffiana Thinbaw-on Syagrus romanzoffiana Thinbaw-pan-tama Melia azedarach Thinbaw-pauk-pan-phyu Millettia cubittii Thinbaw-salu Licuala grandis Thinbaw-simidauk Gloriosa rothschildiana Thinbaw-tanaung Acacia modesta Thinbaw-te Polyalthia longifolia Thinbaw-thapan Ficus carica Thinbaw-zalat Stephanotis floribunda Thinbaw-zalut Kopsia fruticosa Thinbaw-zibyu Phyllanthus acidus Thin-baw-ziphyu Phyllanthus distichus Thinbyu Symplocos leiostachya Thin-byu Schumannianthus dichotomus Thindauk Dioscorea decipiens Thingadu Parashorea stellata Thingan Hopea odorata Thingan-kyauk Hopea helferi Thingan-magale Hopea sangal Thingan-net Hopea helferi Thingan-phyu Shorea farinosa Thingan-pwe Hopea sangal Litsea umbellata Thingan-shwe Hopea odorata Thingo-gyat Moghania bracteata Thingu-gyat Flemingia strobilifera Thingyaing-kyaukpan Cupressus funebris Thingyan-kaing Miscanthus fuscus Thingyan-pan Ascocentrum curvifolium Thin-kyu-kyu Dendrobium primulinum Thin-paung Fioria vitifolia Thin-phyu Schumannianthus dichotomus Thinwin Millettia peguensis Millettia pendula Millettia piscidia Millettia tetraptera Millettia utilis Thin-win Millettia ovalifolia Millettia pendula Thinwin-bo Millettia pubinervis Thinwin-ni Tecoma undulata Thinwin-pauk-phyu Millettia glaucescens Thinwin-pyu Derris indica Pongamia pinnata Thinwin-zat Millettia pulchra Thinya-gyi Quercus lineata Thi-phyu Maclurodendron porteri Thipok Diospyros ehretioides Thishe Bambusa affinis Thitbu Aporusa villosula Thitcha Lithocarpus fenestrata Lithocarpus lappaceus Quercus brandisiana Quercus griffithii Thit-cha Lithocarpus grandifolia Thitcho Pouteria tomentosa Sideroxylon assamicum Appendix I: Common Names 462 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Xantolis burmanica Thit-cho Sideroxylon burmanicum Thitcho-khaya Mimusops elengi Thite Quercus mespilifolia Thit-e Castanea sativa Castanopsis argentea Castanopsis argyrophylla Castanopsis armata Castanopsis indica Castanopsis tribuloides Lithocarpus dealbatus Lithocarpus fenestrata Lithocarpus thomsonii Lithocarpus truncata Quercus glauca Quercus lamellosa Quercus lanceaefolia Quercus semiserrata Quercus serrata Thit-e-gon Lithocarpus grandifolia Lithocarpus xylocarpus Thit-e-gyin Castanopsis indica Drypetes griffithii Lithocarpus polystachya Thit-e-leebye Quercus rex Thit-e-myet-pye Lithocarpus collettii Thit-e-ni Lithocarpus magnificus Thit-e-pan Lithocarpus polystachya Thit-gan Gardenia coronaria Thit-hmwe Aquilaria agallocha Thitk Pentace burmanica Thit-kado Toona ciliata Thit-kadon Chisocheton grandiflorus Thit-kalaw Sageraea listeri Thitka-le Pentace griffithii Thit-kauk-hnyin Ulmus lancifolia Thit-kayin Xanthophyllum lanceatum Thit-kazaw Duabanga grandiflora Thitkha-bo Euonymus javanicus Thit-khauk Aporusa roxburghii Aporusa villosula Thit-kha-yar Diospyros oblonga Thitkwa-ahwa Dendrobium chrysotoxum Thitkwa-gyi Vandopsis gigantea Thitkwa-ni-gale Ascocentrum curvifolium Thrixspermum centipeda Thitkya Juglans regia Thit-kyabo Cinnamomum obtusifolium Thit-kya-bo Cinnamomum verum Thitkya-bo Elaeocarpus quadratus Thitkya-saung Actinodaphne angustifolia Thitkyauk-nwe Willughbeia edulis Thit-lai-nyin Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Thit-linda Heterophragma sulfureum Thit-linne Michelia baillonii Thitlon Viscum articulatum Thitma-e Cedrela serrata Thitmagyi Albizia lebbekoides Thit-magyi Albizia odoratissima Dalbergia stipulacea Thit-maleinma Glochidion hongkongense Thitmin Podocarpus neriifolius Thitmin-ma Podocarpus wallichianus Thitmin-po Podocarpus neriifolius Thit-nan-gaing Artemisia parviflora Artemisia vulgaris Thit-nan-nwin Dalbergia nigrescens Thit-nga-yan Saurauia roxburghii Thit-nga-yok Rauvolfia verticillata Thitni Syzygium cymosum Wendlandia paniculata Wendlandia tinctoria Thit-ni Amoora cucullata Amoora rohituka Manilkara littoralis Wendlandia glabrata Thit-nyo Xerospermum noronhianum Thit-padauk Pterocarpus macrocarpus Thitpagan Millettia multiflora Millettia pulchra Millettia racemosa Thit-pagan Dalbergia lanceolaria Dalbergia muliflora Derris robusta Millettia brandisiana Thit-palu Fagraea racemosa Thit-palwe Balanites aegyptiaca Balanites triflora Thit-pasaing Amoora chittagonga Thitpayaung Lithocarpus fenestrata Thit-payaung Lophopetalum wallichii Nauclea sessilifolia Neonauclea excelsa Thit-pha-yaung Lophopetalum wallichii Thit-pha-yaung-kyi-baung Loranthus scurrula Thitpok Dalbergia kurzii Tetrameles nudiflora Thit-pok Celtis tetrandra Thitpu Bulbophyllum lobbii Thit-pway Wendlandia paniculata Thitpwe Elaeocarpus floribundus Elaeocarpus lanceifolius Thit-pwe Elaeocarpus bracteatus Thit-pyauk Sapium insigne Thitpyu Wendlandia glabrata Xanthophyllum flavescens Thit-pyu Albizia procera Xanthophyllum lanceatum Xanthophyllum virens Thitsaban Gladiolus gandavensis Gladiolus primulinus Thit-sagwe Xanthophyllum lanceatum Thitsanwin Dalbergia paniculata Thit-sa-nwin-ywet-the Derris robusta Thitsat Aporusa roxburghii Beilschmiedia roxburghiana Thit-sat Aporusa villosa Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 463 Aporusa villosula Bhesa robusta Kurrimia robusta Thit-sawbwa Engelhardtia spicata Thit-seint Terminalia bellerica Thitsho Hibiscus grewiaefolius Thit-sho Pentace griffithii Thitsi Melanorrhoea usitata Thitsibo Olea dioica Thit-si-bo Buchanania latifolia Holigarna kurzii Thitsi-bo Alseodaphne petiolaris Buchanania lanzan Drimycarpus racemosus Semecarpus anacardium Semecarpus pandurata Thit-singan Hopea odorata Thitswele Schrebera swietenioides Thit-swele Engelhardtia spicata Thit-tan Myristica glaucescens Thittat Castanopsis argyrophylla Thittaw Pyrus communis Thit-tawt Parkia leiophylla Thittaw-thi-pin Pyrus pashia Thit-tawt-thi Malus pumila Thittaw-yaing Sorbus corymbifera Thit-tazin Xanthophyllum flavescens Thittet-linne Cymbidium aloifolium Thit-thingan Neonauclea griffithii Thit-thin-gan Nauclea griffithii Thitto Sandoricum koetjape Thit-twet Buchanania glabra Thit-ya Shorea obtusa Thitya-byu Schima wallichii Thityah Schima wallichii Thit-ya-hmwe Phoebe attenuata Thitya-hmwe Elaeocarpus floribundus Elaeocarpus wallichii Thitya-kyi-baung Loranthus cochinchinensis Thitya-ni Schima wallichii Thitya-wa Phoebe attenuata Thit-yay-gyl Peperomia pellucida Thit-yinthe Gardenia erythroclada Thon-ban-hla Hibiscus mutabilis Hibiscus syriacus Mussaenda frondosa Thon-ban-hla-thitkwa Dendrobium wardianum Thon-daunt-myet Kyllinga monocephala Kyllinga tenuifolia Thone-daunt-myet Kyllinga nemoralis Thon-tin-gwa Ischaemum goebelii Ischaemum molle Thorn apple Datura metel Datura stramonium Three-flowered beggarweed Desmodium triflorum Three-leaved caper Crateva magna Thu-hkame Holigarna albicans Thu-hpak-lu-sang Ficus auriculata Thunge-che Helicteres isora Thun-vong Gmelina arborea Thu-ta-bat Sideroxylon grandifolium Thu-tabut Casimiroa edulis Thu-wanna-daywi Coelogyne ovalis Thu-yaung--pan Dendrobium tortile Thu-zi-ta-pan Chelone barbata Thwe-bok Saprosma ternatum Thwedet Ventilago maderaspatana Thwe-gyo Beilschmiedia sphaerocarpa Thwemu Lagerstroemia speciosa Thyme-leaved gratiola Bacopa monnieri Thyme-leaved spurge Euphorbia thymifolia Tiger lily Lilium tigrinum Tiger orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum Tigerfoot ipomoea Ipomoea pes-tigridis Tiger's claw Erythrina variegata Martynia annua Tikayan-gyi Caesalpinia mimosoides Tikayon Mimosa pudica Tila-pup-hpi Digitalis purpurea Timling Litsea lancifolia Tim-sin Phaseolus lunatus Tingkyut Helicteres isora Tingroi Flueggea virosa Tings! Desmodium cephalotes Desmodium latifolium Tinnevelly senna Cassia angustifolia Tinshu Pinus khasya Tin-wa Cephalostachyum pergracile Tinya Laportea crenulata Tinyu Cephalotaxus griffithii Pinus insularis Pinus khasya Tinyu-hmwe Libocedrus macrolepis Tinyu-tinshu Pinus merkusii Tipari Physalis peruviana Tittet-linne Cymbidium aloifolium Ti-yo-wa Thyrsostachys siamensis Tnhlium Salix tetrasperma Tobacco Nicotiana rustica Nicotiana tabacum Toddy palm Borassus flabellifer Caryota urens Nypa fruticans Toe-hay Tephrosia candida To-kam Pisum sativum To-ma-awn Mucuna pruriens Tomato Appendix I: Common Names 464 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Lycopersicon esculentum Tondon Manglietia insignis Tong-song-kha Molineria capitulata Tonma Hedychium stenopetalum Ton-nwe Dalbergia junghuhnii Toon Ricinus communis Toona ciliata To-pai Vigna catjang To-pan Dolichos tetragonolobus To-pi-si Phaseolus radiatus Top-la Pterospermum semisagittatum To-ray Durio zibethinus Torch ginger Etlingera elatior Torchwood Ixora arborea Torenia Torenia fournieri To-tat Lablab niger To-Tok Phaseolus vulgaris Tough ginger Amomum koenigii Trailing indigo Indigofera endecaphylla Transvaal daisy Gerbera jamesonii Traveler's tree Ravenala madagascariensis Tree dahlia Dahlia imperialis Tree daisy Montanoa bipinnatifida Tree lotus Magnolia grandiflora Tree sorrel Averrhoa bilimbi Tree tomato Solanum betaceum Tri Bombax ceiba Trincomalee wood Berrya ammonilla True hemp Cannabis sativa True mahogany Swietenia mahagoni True mustard Brassica nigra Trumpet lily Lilium longiflorum Tsahkai Lithocarpus fenestrata Tsahkri Ixora undulata Tse-ni-shit-myit Ixora cuneifolia Tsing-daw Senecio scandens Tsintamu Touchiroa mansonii Tsu-ban Carthamus tinctorius Tsule Tribulus terrestris Tuba root derris Derris elliptica Tuberose Polianthes tuberosa Tui Mallotus nepalensis Tulanapha Crotalaria usaramoensis Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera Tum-peng Bombax insigne Tun Meliosma microcarpa Tung oil tree Aleurites fordii Aleurites montana Tun-hpawng Bixa orellana Tun-kong Jatropha curcas Tunmapa Citrus reticulata Tun-mapa Citrus sinensis Tunoran Phaseolus lunatus Tunpanghka Rosa bracteata Tun-paw-man Cordia dichotoma Tun-sa-se Acacia catechu Turimi Durio mansoni Turk's cap Malvaviscus arboreus Malvaviscus penduliflorus Turmeric Curcuma longa Turnip Brassica rapa Twin-net Anodendron paniculatum Atherolepis wallichii Twinnet-kado Ichnocarpus frutescens Tzi-tzo-ti Rhododendron leptothrium U-ban Shorea farinosa U-ban-kaya Shorea gratissima U-byat Craibiodendron stellatum U-ca-lit Eucalyptus camaldulensis U-gyi Clerodendrum petasites U-hmone-u Pueraria tuberosa U-lang-ang Lindera caudata Ulat-kam-bala Abroma augusta Uloi-ju Rosa indica Umawng Croton roxburghianus Umbrella palm Corypha umbraculifera Umbrella plant Cyperus imbricatus U-min Operculina petaloidea Umung Mangifera indica Mangifera longipes Ung Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Unhtung Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium U-ni Beta vulgaris Unku-ju-ru Uncaria pilosa Uncaria sessilifructus U-nwe Symplocos spicata Upas tree Antiaris toxicaria Upa-tha-ka Hemidesmus indicus Tylophora indica U-pinlong Piper nigrum U-sangau-la Sauropus albicans Usawi Melocalamus compactiflorus Usetsi Naravelia zeylanica Ushan Moringa oleifera U-ta-lon Ceropegia arnottiana U-wa-yaing Daucus carota Va-kol-kay Maesa indica Vang-fek Albizia procera Vang-nyong Albizia julibrissin Vang-tik-ting Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 465 Albizia mollis Vegetable marrow Cucurbita pepo Velvet apple Diospyros discolor Velvet leaf Cissampelos pareira Venezrula grass Melinis minutiflora Veng-fek Albizia chinensis Vercum Calotropis gigantea Vetch Lespedeza thomsoni Vicia sativa Vinca Catharanthus roseus Violet Viola hederacea Viola odorata Vomiting swallow-wort Tylophora indica Wa-ba Cephalostachyum virgatum Gigantochloa nigrociliata Wabalu Pluchea indica Wa-bauk Gigantochloa macrostachya Wabaw Syzygium formosum Wa-bo Dendrocalamus brandisii Dendrocalamus calostachyus Dendrocalamus latiflorus Wabo-e Dendrocalamus hookeri Dendrocalamus messeri Wabo-gyi Dendrocalamus giganteus Wabo-myet-sangye Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Wabo-nwe Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Wabwe Bambusa afjinis Wa-byauk Bambusa affinis Cephalostachyum virgatum Wa-chat Bambusa binghami Wachyang Osbeckia crinita Wachyang Wagangga Melastoma malabathricum Wa-do Gigantochloa apus Wagangga Osbeckia crinita Wa-gauk Oxytenanthera albociliata Wagaung-pe Vigna catjang Wa-gok Oxytenanthera albociliata Wa-gyi Dendrocalamus calostachyus Dendrocalamus copelandii Wah Gossypium herbaceum Gossypium hirsutum Wah-gale Gossypium arboreum Wah-gyi Gossypium arboreum Wak Shorea siamensis Wakbau Shorea siamensis Wa-kha Cephalostachyum virgatum Pseudostachyum wakha Wakhit-jangnai Calliandra umbrosa Wa-kya Arisaema consanguineum Wa-la-kaw Rhynchotechum ellipticum Walnut Juglans regia Wa-mayar Litchi chinensis Wa-me Bambusa marginata Wamin Bambusa wamin Wa-mo Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia Wa-myi Quercus spicata Wa-myin Bambusa griffithiana Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Wandering Jew Tradescantia zebrina Wan-du-si Pisum sativum Wanet Dendrocalamus longispathus Wa-net Gigantochloa kachinensis Gigantochloa wanet Wa-ni Dendrocalamus latiflorus Thyrsostachys oliveri Wani-ba Pseudostachyum polymorphum Wanpang Lyonia ovalifolia Wa-nwe Dinochloa andamanica Dinochloa maclellandii Melocalamus compactiflorus Neohouzeaua helferi Oxytenanthera albociliata Wa-nwe-gok Melocalamus compactiflorus Wa-pasan Syzygium cumini Wa-payaung Dendrocalamus brandisii Wa-phyu Dendrocalamus membranaceus Wa-phyu-gyi Dendrocalamus membranaceus Wapo-kyein Korthalsia laciniosa Wa-pyaw Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus Wa-pyu Gigantochloa macrostachya Gigantochloa verticillata Oxytenanthera albociliata Wapyu-gale Bambusa oliveriana Wa-pyu-gyi Gigantochloa macrostachya Wapyu-san Bambusa oliveriana War-so-myet Mnesithea granularis Wa-sagam Lithocarpus chittagonga Wa-se Neohouzeaua helferi Wa-sha-nam Glochidion multiloculare Washa-nam Glochidion coccineum Waso Elaeocarpus wallichii Globba hookeri Waso pan Globba marantina Waso-myet Andropogon brevifolius Mnesithea granularis Waso-nwe Ventilago maderaspatana Waso-pan Dendrobium moschatum Globba orixensis Globba schomburgkii Ligustrum robustum Water chestnut Eleocharis dulcis Trapa natans Water couch Paspalum notatum Water dropwort Oenanthe javanica Water grass Commelina benghalensis Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Water lettuce Pistia stratiotes Water mint Mentha aquatica Watercress Nasturtium officinale Appendix I: Common Names 466 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Water-plantain Alisma plantago Water-ribbon weed Aponogeton monostachyon Wa-thabut Bambusa marginata Dinochloa maclellandii Neohouzeaua helferi Wa-thaik Gigantochloa nigrociliata Wathaing Phrynium macrostachyum Wa-thitkwa Arundina graminifolia Wa-tin-hka Cephalostachyum pallidum Wa-u Tacca leontopetaloides Wa-u-bin Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Wa-u-pin Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Wax gourd Benincasa hispida Wax plant Hoya carnosa Way bread Plantago major Waya Dendrocalamus longispathus Wa-ya Bambusa burmanica Gigantochloa nigrociliata Wayon-myet Ottochloa nodosa Panicum montanum Urochloa mosambicensis Waythali-mya-mahlaing Sorghum bicolor Waythali-thigye Sorghum bicolor Wa-yu Oxytenanthera albociliata Wa-zun Neohouzeaua dullooa Wee-ek Premna amplectens Weeping cypress Cupressus funebris Weeping lantana Lantana sellowiana Wee-te Mucuna bracteata Wef-myeza-u Schoenoplectus grossus Wesinni Aesculus punduana West Indian star apple Chrysophyllum cainito Wetchi-pane Pavonia rigida Urena lobata Urena repanda Urena sinuata Wet-chok Kokoona littoralis Wet-gyut Commelina paludosa Commelina petersii Wet-hmwe-sok-pin Leucomeris decora Wet-ka-u Dioscorea esculenta Wetkyein Polygonum chinense Wet-kyein Cyperus diffusus Cyperus haspan Polygonum barbatum Wet-kyein-gale Rumex nigricans Wet-kyein-myet Cyperus diffusus Wetkyok Commelina benghalensis Commelina communis Commelina diffusa Wetkyut Zollingeria macrocarpa Wet-kyut Murdannia crocea Wet-la Cyperus pangorei Wet-lar-myet Cyperus haspan Wetlar-myet Cyperus compressus Wetma-chin-baung Hibiscus surattensis Wet-ma-lut Musa acuminata Wet-myet-nyo Cyperus scariosus Wet-mye-u Cyperus rotundus Wetmye-u Eleocharis dulcis Wet-myeza-u Schoenoplectus grossus Wet-shaw Firmiana colorata Wetta-myet Cyperus compressus Wettha-kauk Hodgsonia heteroclita Wet-thinbaung Thespesia lampas Wet-thitcha Lithocarpus wrayi Quercus semiserrata Wet-thit-ta Castanopsis rhamnifolia Wet-zinbyun Dillenia parkinsonii White bamboo Dendrocalamus membranaceus White bird of paradise Strelitzia nicolai White chuglan Terminalia bialata White clover Trifolium repens White gourd Benincasa hispida White gum Eucalyptus albens White jute Corchorus capsularis Corchorus fascicularis White lupin Lupinus albus White mulberry Morus alba White mustard Brassica alba White pavetta Pavetta indica White poppy Papaver somniferum White sage Salvia leucantha White sapote Casimiroa edulis White shower tree Cassia javanica White silk cotton tree Bombax insigne White sweet clover Melilotus alba White yam Dioscorea alata White-barked acacia Acacia leucophloea White-flowered velvet bean Mucuna cochinchinensis Wild blackberry Rubus lasiocarpus Wild buckwheat Fagopyrum dibotrys Wild cardamon Elettaria cardamomum Wild carrot Daucus carota Wild cassia Senna timoriensis Wild cock's comb Celosia argentea Wild coffee Cassia obtusa Wild date palm Phoenix sylvestris Wild gooseberry Physalis minima Wild jasmine Jasminum angustifolium Wild lime Atalantia monophylla Wild marjoram Origanum vulgare Wild mint Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 467 Mentha longifolia Wild mulberry Morus laevigata Wild mustard Brassica campestris Wild onion Asphodelus tenuifolius Wild passion flower Passiflora incarnata Wild pea Pisum elatius Wild rhea Debregeasia longifolia Wild rice Oryza coarctata Wild snake gourd Cephalandra indica Wild strawberry Fragaria vesca Wild sunflower Helianthus decapetalus Wild sword bean Vigna adenantha Vigna marina Wild tobacco Lobelia nicotianaefolia Wild turmeric Curcuma aromatica Wild yam Dioscorea glabra Dioscorea prazeri Willow Salix tetrasperma Wine palm Caryota mitis Winnbe-sa-myet Echinochloa colona Winter cherry Cardiospermum halicacabum Solanum pseudocapsicum Winter wheat Triticum guticum Wintergreen Gaultheria fragrantissima Win-u Millettia eriocalyx Millettia extensa Win-u-kyi-baung Loranthus graciliflorus Winu-kyibaung Loranthus scurrula Woibaw Siphonodon celastrineus Strychnos nux-blanda Woi-machang-fu Agapetes toppinii Wood apple Limonia acidissima Wood oil tree Aleurites montana Dipterocarpus turbinatus Wood rose Merremia tuberosa Wood sorrel Tropaeolum majus Wool tree Ochroma pyramidale Woolly foxglove Digitalis lanata Wormseed Chenopodium ambrosioides Wunba-sa-myet Echinochloa colona Wun-be-sar Echinochloa colona Wun-byaung Dalbergia obtusifolia Dalbergia ovata Wun-gala-hti Ipomoea batatas Wunkaik-yawga-saymyit Cephaelis ipecacuanha Wun-thabok Lithocarpus kingianus Wuntho-wa Gigantochloa wunthoensis Wun-u-nwe Pueraria candollei Wut Bauhinia vahlii Xanthoid cardamon Amomum villosum Yabaing-pin Sinosenecio oldhamianus Yadana-ngwe-khet Coelogyne ovalis Yadana-nwe-get Coelogyne parishii Yadanar-shwe-khet Dendrobium aggregatum Yagan Linostoma decandrum Ya-hak-lin Desmodium oblongum Yahkum Grewia humilis Yai-yaw Dalbergia stipulacea Yakhine-ngetpyaw Musa sapientum Yam Cansjera parvifolia Mnesithea laevis Yam bean Pachyrhizus erosus Ya-ma-htar-kyein Calamus latifolius Calamus palustris Yaman-myet Arundinella bengalensis Yaman-nge Arundinella bengalensis Yamata-kyein Calamus latifolius Yamazi Strobilanthes phyllostachyus Yana-say-gyi Ophiorrhiza fasciculata Ya-nat Blumea aromatica Yang-bau Alnus nepalensis Yang-ma Chukrasia velutina Yangmaw Adina cordifolia Ya-pun-puk Buddleja asiatica Yashat Agapetes glabra Yat Carallia brachiata Yathe Rinorea racemosa Yato-pyek Desmodium cephalotes Yattaung-pan Bulbophyllum ornatissimum Yaungban Coccoceras plicatum Yaung-bway Elsholtzia blanda Yaung-lon-chan-tha Hedyotis capitellata Yaungma-kinnyo Sauropus albicans Yaung-ma-ywet Phyllanthus niruri Yaw Grewia abutilifolia Grewia glabra Grewia laevigata Yawa-ni-ywet Coleus aromaticus Ya-wo-mo Baliospermum axillare Ya-wo-po Baliospermum axillare Yay-phyaung-phu Zizania texana Yay-te Diospyros peregrina Yazawin-nwe Millettia racemosa Ye'- hmyok Syzygium formosum Ye-badon Sapium baccatum Ye-badon-gale Ostodes paniculata Ye-chanya Homonoia riparia Ye-chaung-pan Stachytarpheta indica Ye-chinya Dalbergia spinosa Flueggea virosa Kirganelia reticulata Ye-chin-ya Breynia angustifolia Ye-chin-yar Phyllanthus reticulatus Appendix I: Common Names 468 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ye-gin Tecoma stans Ye-ngan-shaw Hymenocardia punctata Yellow dock Talipariti tiliaceum Yegon Rumex crispus Ye-nu-pin Aegiceras corniculatum Yellow elder Piper aurantiacum Yegyin Tecoma stans Ye-padauk Coccoceras plicatum Yellow flax Bischofia javanica Hymenocardia punctata Reinwardtia tetragyna Parsonsia alboflavescens Ye-gyin-ya Yellow ginger lily Ye-padi Flueggea virosa Ye-hmwe-pan Angelonia cornigera Brunfelsia undulata Ye-hmyok Trewia nudiflora Ye-hmyoke Pentace griffithii Ye-hnget-pyaw Alisma plantago Ye-hnyi Ceratophyllum demersum Hydrilla verticillata Lemna polyrhiza Ottelia alismoides Ottelia cordata Vallisneria spiralis Ye-hti-gayon Ludwigia adscendens Ye-kabyin Garcinia cowa Ye-kadat Crateva hygrophila Ye-kadet Crateva hygrophila Ye-kadi Pittosporum floribundum Pittosporum napaulensis Ye-kaing Coccoceras plicatum Ye-kanazo Heritiera fomes Ye-ka-on Ficus cunia Ye-kathit Erythrina lithosperma Erythrina subumbrans Ye-kazun Ipomoea aquatica Yekun [tea macrophylla tea riparia Ye-kya Tacca integrifolia Ye-kyein Calamus floribundus Ye-kyet-thun Schoenoplectus articulatus Ye-kyi Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia reticulata Ye-kyin-yar Homonoia riparia Yele Stephania japonica Yellow bells Hedychium flavum Yellow jasmine Jasminum humile Yellow lupin Lupinus luteus Yellow oleander Thevetia peruviana Yellow sweet clover Melilotus indica Yellow zedoary Curcuma aromatica Yellow-flowered pea Lathyrus aphaca Ye-magyi Dalbergia reniformis Justicia adhatoda Strobilanthes phyllostachyus Yemane Gmelina arborea Yemane-ani Lophopetalum filiforme Yemane-apyu Lophopetalum fimbriatum Ye-ma-u Anthocephalus morindaefolius Cephalanthus naucleoides Yema-u Anthocephalus morindaefolius Cephalanthus occidentalis Ye-mein Aporusa roxburghii Aporusa villosa Ye-meze Madhuca lobbii Ye-min Stranvaesia glaucescens Ye-minga Cynometra ramiflora Yemyaw Aesculus punduana Ye-mya-yar Microcos paniculata Ye-myetnapan Linociera terniflora Ye-myin-hkwa Bacopa monnieri Ye-nabu-nwe Combretum trifoliatum Ye-nay Homonoia riparia Yene Pittosporum napaulensis Salix tetrasperma Yengan-bok Diospyros malabarica Diospyros peregrina Putranjiva roxburghii Yepadon Bischofia javanica Ye-petsut Pourthiaea salicifolia Ye-petyaing Lithocarpus grandifolia Ye-phetkyan Quercus spicata Yepin-nwe Combretum squamosum Ye-saba-myet Panicum auritum Ye-saga Elaeocarpus grandiflorus Syzygium polypetalum Ye-sagawa Michelia lacei Ye-salat Pistia stratiotes Ye-si Rosa bracteata Yetagon Aegiceras corniculatum Ye-tagyi Homonoia riparia Ye-tama Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Cedrela febrifuga Ye-tasha Phyllanthus columnaris Ye-taukkyan Terminalia myriocarpa Ye-tazwet Grangea maderaspatana Ye-thabye Cleistocalyx nervosum Eugenia aquea Eugenia cuneata Eugenia operculata /lex wallichii Lophopetalum wallichii Salix tetrasperma Ye-thabye-thein Eugenia balsamea Ye-thagyi Sesbania sesban Ye-tha-gyi Sesbania aegyptiaca Ye-tha-kwa Debregeasia longifolia Ye-thapan Ficus glomerata Ficus lanceolata Ficus saemocarpa Ye-thayet-kin Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 469 Limnophila cana Ye-thinwin Millettia macrostachya Yetkyi Woodfordia fruticosa Yet-kyi Woodfordia floribunda Yetthe-mankha Isachne dispar Yetwun Talipariti macrophyllum Ye-u Wolffia globosa Yew Taxus baccata Taxus wallichiana Yeyedin Wendlandia glomerulata Yeye-din Wendlandia tinctoria Yeyo Morinda angustifolia Yeyun Alaeanthus kurzii Ye-zalut Rauvolfia verticillata Yin Miscanthus fuscus Yin-bada Strombosia javanica Yinbya Dichroa febrifuga Yin-bya-byu Premna amplectens Yinbya-net Clerodendrum serratum Yindaik Dalbergia maymyensis Yin-daik Dalbergia cultrata Yingat Gardenia sootepensis Yingat-gale Gardenia obtusifolia Yin-gat-gyi Gardenia coronaria Yingaw Salacca zalacca Yingu-akyi Quercus helferiana Yingu-athe Quercus mespilifolia Yinke-mwe Erianthus hookeri Yinma Chukrasia tabularis Chukrasia velutina Yin-naung-nwe Ampelocissus barbata Cissus discolor Yinnaung-nwe Cissus vitiginea Yinnaung-paing-nwe Cyphostemma auriculata Yin-ngan Salacca secunda Salacca wallichiana Salacca zalacca Yinye Lumnitzera racemosa Yinzat Dalbergia fusca Yinzu Donax grandis Yitmaung-sa Dalbergia cana Yit-padi Protium serratum Yitthet Rinorea racemosa Ylang-ylang Cananga odorata Yodaya Ochna wallichii Yodaya-saga Adenium obesum Yodaya-shaw Hibiscus parkinsonii Yom-nung Mucuna utilis Yon Anogeissus acuminata Anogeissus phillyreaefolia Crypteronia pubescens Yo-na-kam Buddleja macrostachya Yon-akauk-chaw Anogeissus phillyreaefolia Yon-akhauk-kyan Anogeissus acuminata Yonbade Abelmoschus esculentus Yon-bwe Origanum marjorana Origanum vulgare Yone Arenga nana Yon-gale Eragrostis amabilis Tragus roxburghii Yon-hle Tragus roxburghii Yon-hmwe-ngon-myet Chrysopogon aciculatus Yonlon-chantha Canscora andrographioides Yon-pa-bo Elsholtzia blanda Yon-sa Setaria pumila Yo-peing-nwe Acacia laevis Yosetgale Holcoglossum kimballianum Yoset-gyi Papilionanthe teres Yuandong Glochidion arboreum Yu-latsea Vitex peduncularis Yun Lithocarpus falconeri Yun-ha Schleichera oleosa Yunzalin-wa Gigantochloa yunzalinensis Yup-nga-ru Embelia ribes Yut-na-daung Digera muricata Yuzana Murraya paniculata Yuzara Chloranthus officinalis Ywe Abrus precatorius Adenanthera pavonina Ywe-gyi Adenanthera pavonina Ywehla-kyet-hmi Codiaeum variegatum Ywe-nge Abrus precatorius Ywe-ni Adenanthera pavonina Ywe-nwe Abrus precatorius Ywethla Codiaeum variegatum Ywet-hla Mussaenda frondosa Mussaenda glabra Mussaenda wallichii Ywet-hla-pan Mussaenda luteola Ywet-hla-thit-khwa Oberonia mucronata Ywethla-thitkwa Oberonia mucronata Ywet-kat Desmodium laxiflorum Ywet-kya-pin-pauk Kalanchoe pinnata Ywetkya-pinpauk Kalanchoe integra Ywetsa-monla Pastinaca sativa Ywit-win Talipariti macrophyllum Ywt-hla Euphorbia pucherrima Zabu-thabye-ahni Syzygium malaccense Zadeik-po Myristica fragrans Myristica linifolia Myristica longifolia Za-gwe-pan Pavetta indica Zaibra Tetrastigma angustifolia Tetrastigma leucostaphylum Appendix I: Common Names 470 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tetrastigma serrulatum Zalacca cane Salacca zalacca Zalaphi Graptophyllum pictum Zalat Tabernaemontana divaricata Za-lat Cerbera manghas Zalat-pyu Coffea bengalensis Rhododendron moulmainense Zalat-setkya Tabernaemontana divaricata Zalat-thein Tabernaemontana subcapitata Zalut-ni Kopsia fruticosa Zalut-panyaung Kopsia fruticosa Za-ma-ni-hnget-pan Strelitzia reginae Zanaung Wallichia caryotoides Wallichia disticha Zani Hiptage candicans Zanon Calamus arborescens Zatamanthi Nardostachys jatamansi Zaungbale Lagerstroemia villosa Zaungbale-bo Lagerstroemia parviflora Zaung-bale-ywet-gyi Lagerstroemia venusta Zaung-gale Allophylus aporeticus Allophylus cobbe Caesalpinia pulcherrima Zaung-gyan Osyris wightiana Zaungi Dalbergia cultrata Derris robusta Zaung-yar Averrhoa carambola Zaw-gale Caesalpinia pulcherrima Zaw-gyi Quercus velutina Zawgyi-gamon Bulbophyllum wendlandianum Zawgyi-let-hnyo Flickingeria laciniosa Zawgyi-lethryo Flickingeria laciniosa Zaw-gyi-taung-hmwe Dracaena fragrans Zaw-hmwa Dianthus plumarius Zaw-hmwa-gale Dianthus chinensis Zaw-hmwa-gyi Dianthus caryophyllus Zaw-ma Cordyline fruticosa Zaw-mokseik Paphiopedilum parishii Zayit Lasia spinosa Zebrawood Diospyros kurzti Zeinzwe Payena paralleloneura Zi Ziziphus jujuba Zibyin Ehretia acuminata Zibyu Emblica officinalis Phyllanthus pomiferus Zi-daw-thi Ziziphus jujuba Zi-ganauk Ziziphus rugosa Zimani Hiptage candicans Zinbye Lagerstroemia villosa Zinbye-bo Lagerstroemia parviflora Zinbyun Dillenia elata Dillenia ornata Dillenia parviflora Zin-byun Dillenia pentagyna Zinnia Zinnia elegans Zinnyin Dysoxylum cochinchinensis Zi-palan Hiptage candicans Zi-talaing Ziziphus rugosa Ziya Cuminum cyminum Ziya-byu Cuminum cyminum Zi-yar-aphyu Ocimum basilicum Ziya-ywet Coleus aromaticus Zizaung Euphorbia neriifolia Zizaw Merremia umbellata Zizawa Gardenia jasminoides Gardenia lucida Zo-fek Albizia lebbek Zun-burr Lannea coromandelica Zun-pan Jasminum auriculatum Appendix I: Common Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 471 APPENDIX II INCERTAE SEDIS—NAMES OF UNCERTAIN STATUS Listed below are names which appear in Hundley (1987) and/or in /ndex Kewensis as de- scribed from Myanmar, but have been determined by specialists to be either of uncertain or unknown position and thus of doubtful or unresolved application. Also listed are a number of names representing imperfectly understood species, or plants currently (post-Hundley) ex- cluded from the geographical range of Myanmar, or which for other reasons have been ex- cluded by the authors from the current revised checklist. In some cases, the specimens on which historic listings are based are no longer extant (D.H. Nicolson, pers. comm.). Vernacu- lar Myanmar names or geographical locations are given for many of the unknowns as a pos- sible aid to tracing their botanical identity. Citations refer to personal communication from reviewers. Acanthaceae Blepharis molluginifolia Pers. Synonym of Ble- pharis integrifolia (L. f.) E. Meijer ex Schinz; not recorded from Myanmar (D. Wasshausen, 2001); plant supposedly from arid areas, fide Hundley. Ebermaiera laciocarpa L. Untraceable name, unavailable in /ndex Kewensis or IPNI; plant supposedly from Taninthayi (Tavoy), fide Hundley. Strobilanthes leucostachyus Wall. Non-existent name (D. Wasshausen, 2001); plant suppos- edly from Sagaing and a few other places, fide Hundley. Strobilanthes stamincus W.W. Sm. Non-existent name (D. Wasshausen, 2001); probably refers to Strobilanthes stramineus W.W. Sm.; plant supposedly from Upper Myanmar, fide Hundley. Annonaceae Alphonsea lutea Hook. f. & Thomson. No Myanmar specimens seen for genus revision by P. Kessler (P. Kessler, 2001); plant known locally as “nwa-la-byut,” fide Hundley. Mitrephora lanotan (Blanco) Merr. Philippine species not known from Myanmar (R. Saun- ders, 2001). Orophea hexandra Blume. Not recorded from Myanmar (P. Kessler, 2001); plant suppos- edly from Mon and Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Orophea katschallica Kurz. Not recorded from Myanmar (P. Kessler, 2001); plant suppos- edly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Unona caudata Fischer. Name probably refer- able to Desmos caudatus Fischer; plant sup- posedly from Taninthayi (Mergui), fide Hundley. Apocynaceae Alstonia venenata R. Br. East Indian species not cited from Myanmar in recent revision by K. Sidiyasa (D. Middleton, 2000); plant suppos- edly from Chin and Shan, fide Hundley. Alyxia fascicularis Benth. Myanmar material assigned to this species is Alyxia reinwardtii Blume and Alyxia funingensis Tsiang & P.T. Li (D. Middleton, 2000); plant supposedly from Mon, fide Hundley. Alyxia stellata Roem. & Schult. Asian material is Alyxia reinwardtii Blume (D. Middleton, Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis 472 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 2000); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Carissa karaunda L. Non-existent taxon, proba- bly referable to Carissa carandas L. (D. Middleton, 2000); plant known locally as “khan,” fide Hundley. Chonemorpha rottleri Klotzsch. Non-existent taxon (D. Middleton, 2000); plant known lo- cally as “yingat-nwe,” fide Hundley. Ervatamia crispa Roxb. Unpublished name, ref- erable to Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb. Holarrhena mitis R.Br. Species endemic to Sri Lanka (D. Middleton, 2000); plant known lo- cally as “thiho-lettok-gyi,” fide Hundley. Strophanthus singaporianus (Wall. ex G. Don) Gilg. Doubtfully in Myanmar (D. Middleton, 2000); probably refers to Strophanthus brevi- caudatus Wight described from Myanmar and Malaya, which is in Hundley as a syno- nym of Strophanthus singaporianus, plant supposedly from Taninthayi (Mergui), fide Hundley. Wrightia alpinii Craib. Error for Wightia alpinii Craib (Scrophulariaceae; D. Middleton, 2000); plant supposedly from Upper Myan- mar, fide Hundley. Wrightia lacei Craib. Error for Wightia lacei Craib (Scrophulariaceae; D. Middleton, 2000); plant supposedly of general occur- rence in Myanmar, fide Hundley. Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. Not reported from Myanmar in Ngan revision (D. Middleton, 2000); plant supposedly of general occur- rence in Myanmar, fide Hundley. Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton monostachyon L. f. Synonym of Aponogeton natans (L.) Engler & Krause; species does not occur in Myanmar (C.D. Cook, 1999); plant supposedly from Bago and Mandalay, fide Hundley. Araceae Amorphophallus kransis Engl. Non-existent name, probably a misreading of Amorpho- phallus krausei Engl. (D. Nicolson, 2002). Anadendrum montanum Schott. Misapplied name, probably referable to Anadendrum mi- crostachyum (DeVriese & Miq.) Backer & Alderw. (D. Nicolson, 2002); plant suppos- edly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Cryptocoryne spiralis Fisch. ex Wydler. South Indian species, very doubtfully in Myanmar (D. Nicolson, 1998); plant supposedly from Bago, fide Hundley. -Pothos hermaphroditus. Almost certainly a mis- identification of Pothos scandens L. rather than the Philippine species described by (Blanco) Merr. (D. Nicolson 2002); plant supposedly from Yangon, fide Hundley. Araliaceae Dendropanax acuminatissimum Merr. Chinese endemic, absent in Myanmar (H.-J. Esser, 2001); plant supposedly from Kwangtung and Kwangsi, fide Hundley. Schefflera elata (C.B. Clarke) Harms. Plant largely confined to the Himalaya, not in Myanmar; current records probably based on misidentifications (D. Frodin, 2001); plant supposedly from Sagaing (Katha), Mandalay (Maymyo) and Chin, fide Hundley. Schefflera venulosa Harms. Not present in Myanmar; probably occurs only in southern India (D. Frodin, 2001); plant supposedly from Chin (Htawgaw), Kachin (Ngaw- chaung) and Mandalay, fide Hundley. Arecaceae Calamus robertsonianus Becc. Name not validly published (J. Dransfield, 1999); plant sup- posedly from southern Shan, where known as “kyein-kha,” fide Hundley. Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 473 Korthalsia opuntia, nomen nudum, sensu auth., non (Thunb.) Merr. Refers to Korthalsella opuntia (Thunb.) Merr. (Viscaceae) (J. Dransfield, 1999). Phoenix acaulis Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. No reli- able records for this species in Myanmar (J. Dransfield, 1999); plant supposedly from Mandalay, Magway and Shan, fide Hundley. Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. Plant not known from Myanmar (A. Henderson, 1999); plant sup- posedly a dwarf date known locally as “sun- palun-pu,” fide Hundley. Asclepiadaceae Gymnema balsamicum. Untraceable, authorless name; perhaps a synonym of Synnema bal- samicum (L. f.) Alston (Acanthaceae) (S. Liede, 2001); plant known locally as “kakaw- li,” fide Hundley. Pentasacme balsamicum. Untraceable name listed in Hundley, for a plant apparently known locally as “kakaw-li.” Asteraceae Blumea_ albescens C.B. Clarke. Untraceable name, not published by C.B. Clarke (H. Rob- inson, 2001); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Echinops burmanicus Prain. Non-existent name (H. Robinson, 2001); plant supposedly from Shan (Taunggy1), fide Hundley. Helianthus bracteatum Benth. Untraceable name, said to be an Australian plant known as “Rose of Jericho” and known locally as “pan-gyauk,” fide Hundley; unrelated to Helianthus bracteatus E.E. Watson from Utah, U.S.A. (H. Robinson, 2001). Vernonia chinensis (L.) Less. Incorrect name for Cyanthillium patulum (Aitch.) H. Robinson (H. Robinson, 2001); plant supposedly from Bago (Insein) and Yangon, fide Hundley. Vicoa procera DC. Untraceable name (H. Robin- son, 2001); plant supposedly from Rakhine (Sandoway), fide Hundley. Basellaceae Boussingaultia cracius Blume. Untraceable, non- existent name; plant supposedly from Insein, fide Hundley. Bignoniaceae Stereospermum bipinnatum Coll. & Hemsl. Non- existent name; probably a mistaken reference by Hundley to Tecoma bipinnata Coll. & Hemsl., which is a synonym of Pauldopia bipinnata (Coll. & Hemsl.) van Steenis ex Chatterjee (S. Grose, 2002). Bombacaceae Neesia synandra Mast. Soepadmo (Reinwardtia 5(4): 481-508. 1961) states distribution as “Malay Peninsula and Borneo” and does not cite material from Myanmar (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “thitwa,” fide Hundley. Salmalia cambodiense. Non-existent name, without author; referable to Bombax cam- bodiense Pierre (Bombax anceps var. cam- bodiense (Pierre) A. Robyns) (L. Dorr, 2001); plant known locally as “kokhe,” fide Hundley. Boraginaceae Tournefortia indicum R. Br. var. subsessilis Wall. Untraceable name, not published by R. Brown; not to be confused with Heliotropium indicum L.; name possibly associated with Tournefortia subsessilis Cham, from Brazil (?); plant supposedly known locally as “kul- fa-thein” and occurring in Bago and Man- dalay, fide Hundley. Tournefortia sinicum Beauv. Non-existent, un- traceable name; plant supposedly from Shan, fide Hundley. Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis 474 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Burmanniaceae Thesmia [sic] brunonsis Griff. (1844). Erroneous name, cited by Hundley in family Thes- miaceae [sic], probably intended to represent Thismia brunoniana Duch. (1842); plant supposedly from Lower Myanmar, fide Hundley. Cactaceae Cereus monstrosus Steud. Very questionable species and citation by Hundley from Myan- mar (B. Leuenberger, 2001). Cereus pterogonus Lemaire. Very doubtfully in Myanmar (B. Leuenberger, 2001). Opuntia oxyacantha. Non-existent, authorless name cited in Hundley, for a cultivated plant known as “prickly pear,” which can refer to numerous species (B. Leuenberger, 2001). Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia divergens Baker. Dubious name, as the type specimen at Kew (K) is a mixed collec- tion of leaves of Bauhinia scandens and a pod of probably Bauhinia purpurea L. or Bauhinia variegata L. (S. Larsen, 2002). Bauhinia isopetala Griff. Questionable species, not mentioned in study by Maung Soe. 1972. Burmese species of Bauhinia. Union of Burma Journal of Life Sciences 5: 307-317. (S. Larsen, 2002). Bauhinia scortechinii Prain. May be misidentifi- cation as it is a synonym of Bauhinia biden- tata Jack, which is found only in Malesia (S. Larsen, 2002); cf. Flora Malesiana 12: 507 (1996). Combretaceae Calycopteris roxburghii. Untraceable authorless name, probably representing a species of Ge- tonia; plant supposedly known locally as “gyut-nay-new,” fide Hundley. Cupressaceae Libocedrus arizonica Greene. Non-existent name, probably intended to represent Cu- pressus arizonica Greene; plant supposedly known locally as “kyaukpan,” fide Hundley. Cyperaceae Carex melanostoma Boeck. Untraceable (non- existent) name, probably intended to repre- sent Scleria melanostoma Boeck. (M. Strong, 2000); plant supposedly from Taninthayi (Tavoy), fide Hundley. Eleocharis flava (Buch.) R. Br. Untraceable name or combination (M. Strong, 2000); plant supposedly known locally as “tetpya,” fide Hundley. Heleocharis coarctata C.B. Clarke. Untraceable name (M. Strong, 2000); plant supposedly from Bago, fide Hundley. Scleria javanica Mor. Untraceable name, proba- bly intended to represent Gahnia javanica Zoll. & Mor. ex Mor. (M. Strong, 2000); plant supposedly from “Mlkt,” fide Hundley. Dilleniaceae Tetracera jackii Wight & Arn. Untraceable, non- existent name; plant supposedly from Tanin- thay, fide Hundley. Elaeocarpaceae Echinocarpus kerrii Craib, ined. Sphalm. pro Sloanea kerrii Craib? = Sloanea_ sinensis (Hance) Hemsl. (L. Dorr, 2001); plant sup- posedly known locally as “sin-kyetmauk- ayaing,” fide Hundley. Echinocarpus parkinsonii Fisch., ined. Sphalm. pro Sloanea parkinsonii C.E.C. Fisch.? (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “sin-kyetmauk-ayaing,” fide Hundley. Elaeocarpus forrestii W.W. Sm., ined. Sphalm. pro Sloanea forrestii W.W. Sm.? (L. Dorr, Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 475 2001); plant supposedly from Nmaikha- Salween Divide, fide Hundley. Elaeocarpus longifolius Wall., nom. nud., non Blume (1825), nec C. Moore (1893), nom. il- leg. =? Name attributed to Myanmar in Index Kewensis (L. Dorr, 2001). Elaeocarpus monocera Cav. Name misapplied to Elaeocarpus macrocerus (Turcz.) Merr. (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly of general oc- currence in Myanmar, fide Hundley. Elaeocarpus obtusus Blume. Not occurring in Myanmar according to Coode (Kew Bull. 51: 83-101. 1998); if E. obtusus sensu King, non Blume, then a synonym of Elaeocarpus mac- rocerus (Turcz.) Merr. (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Ayeyarwady (Bassein), Bago and Taninthayi (Tavoy), fide Hundley. Ericaceae Agapetes toppence A. Shaw. Untraceable name; a different listing than Agapetes toppinii A. Shaw; plant supposedly from Upper Myan- mar, fide Hundley. Pieris japonica D. Don. Does not occur in Myanmar (W. Judd, 2002); plant supposedly from Kachin, fide Hundley. Rhododendron — aepriogynum. — Untraceable, authorless name, possibly intended to repre- sent Rhododendron eriogynum Balf. f. & W.W. Sm.; plant supposedly from Kachin and Chin, fide Hundley. Rhododendron lenticeltum Hutch. Untraceable name; plant supposedly from Kachin (Myit- kyina), fide Hundley. Euphorbiaceae Bridelia macrophylla Kurz. Unknown name (S. Dressler, 1999); plant supposedly known lo- cally as “baung-baung-new,” fide Hundley. Dimorphocalyx angustialatus Heim. Error for Dipterocarpus angustialatus Heim. (Diptero- carpaceae), and erroneously listed under Eu- phorbiaceae in Hundley. Sauropus macrocarpus. Untraceable, authorless name, perhaps of herbarium origin; plant supposedly known locally as “yoma-hin-yo,” fide Hundley. Fabaceae Dolichos ultratus. Untraceable, authorless name, perhaps of herbarium origin; plant suppos- edly known locally as “pe-da-ma,” fide Hundley. Flemingia cordifolia. Untraceable, authorless name; plant supposedly from Bago, and known locally as “palan-byu,” fide Hundley. Gentianaceae Bartonia indica Benth. Questionable name; Bar- tonia confined to North America (Y.-M. Yuan, 2001); plant supposedly from Man- dalay (Maymyo), fide Hundley. Crawfurdia helenae. Untraceable, authorless name (Y.-M.Yuan, 2001), possibly confused with Gentiana heleni Marq.; plant suppos- edly from Kachin (Adung, Htawgaw), fide Hundley. Exacum petiolare Griseb. Species confined to India and Sri Lanka (Y.-M. Yuan, 2001); plant supposedly from Bago (Toungoo), fide Hundley. Gentiana brandisii Watt & Prain. Untraceable name; plant supposedly from Mandalay, fide Hundley. Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. Plant of Kashmir, not occurring in Myanmar (Y.-M. Yuan, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “thinbaw-sega-gyi,” fide Hundley. Gesneriaceae Aeschynanthus maculatus Lindl. Plant of eastern India; no records seen from Myanmar (J. Appendix II: Jncertae Sedis 476 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Boggan, 2002); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Aeschynanthus mannii Kurz ex C.B. Clarke. Plant of northeastern India; no records seen from Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant sup- posedly from Shan (Taunggyi), fide Hundley. Boeica filiformis C.B. Clarke. Plant of northeast- ern India and Bhutan; no records seen from Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant suppos- edly from Kachin (Myitkyina), fide Hundley. Briggsia forrestii Craib. Plant of China (Yun- nan); no records seen from Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant supposedly from Ka- chin (Kangfan), fide Hundley. Cyrtandra pilosa Blume. Plant of Indonesia; not to be expected in Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Didymocarpus aurantiacus C.B. Clarke. Plant of northeastern India; probably not to be ex- pected in Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Didymocarpus punduanus Wall. ex R. Br. Plant of northeastern India; probably not occurring in Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant suppos- edly from Chin, fide Hundley. Didymocarpus subalternans Wall. ex R. Br. Name widely misapplied, could refer to the following, which do not occur in Myanmar: Didymocarpus aromaticus Griff., Didymo- carpus pulcher C.B. Clarke or Didymocarpus curvicapsa O.M. Hilliard (J. Boggan, 2001); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Leptoboea glabra C.B. Clarke. Plant of north- eastern India; dubious in Myanmar (J. Bog- gan, 2001); plant supposedly from Sagaing (Katha), fide Hundley. Oreocharis forrestii (Diels) Skan. Chinese spe- cies, dubious (but possibly) in Myanmar (J. Boggan, 2001); plant supposedly from Ka- chin (Kangfan), fide Hundley. Lamiaceae Anisomeles pallida. Untraceable, authorless ’ name, possibly of herbarium origin; plant supposedly known locally as “taung-pinsein,” fide Hundley. Lauraceae Actinodaphne attenuata Nees. Unpublished, un- traceable name (H. van der Werff, 2002); plant supposedly from Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Mon and Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Lindera argentea Kurz. Unpublished name for a plant supposedly from Bago, perhaps refer- able to Daphnidium argenteum Kurz, a spe- cies known from Bago, fide Hundley. Lemnaceae Lemna paucicostata Hegelm. American species, not occurring in Myanmar, fide C. Cook (1999); plant supposedly reported from Tan- inthayi, fide Hundley. Lythraceae Sonneratia alba J. Smith. Erroneously reported for Myanmar (S. Graham, 2001); plant sup- posedly known locally as “lame,” fide Hundley. Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. Erroneously reported for Myanmar (S. Graham, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “kambala labe” and “kame,” fide Hundley. Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. Erroneously reported for Myanmar (S. Graham, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “lamu,” “langu,” “taub” and “tamu,” fide Hundley. Magnoliaceae Magnolia cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) H.P. Nooteboom. Represented in Hundley by the synonyms Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Dandy and Michelia cathcartii Hook. f. & Thomson. Occurs in Bhutan, Appendix II: Incertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 477 China, India and Vietnam, but not in Myan- mar, fide S. Kim et al., 2002. Taxonomic re- vision of Magnolia section Maingola (Mag- noliaceae). Blumea 47 (2): 319-339, although Frodin, D.G. and R. Govaerts. 1996. World Checklist and Bibliography of Magnoliaceae attributes it also to northern Myanmar, Sik- kim, Assam and Tibet. Hundley records the tree as supposedly from Chin, Kachin and Sagaing. Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC. Plant of North Viet- nam, Taiwan and China, not occurring in Myanmar, fide Frodin, D.G. and R. Govaerts. 1996. World Checklist and Bibliography of Magnoliaceae. Hundley records the tree as supposedly from Mandalay (Maymyo). Talauma liliifera Kurz. Referable species in Magnolia not known, fide Frodin & Govaerts, op. cit. 65 (1996); not Magnolia liliifera (L.) Baill. Malvaceae Dicellostyles jujubifolia (Grff.) Benth. (Kydia jujubifolia Griff.). Species described from Bhutan, apparently restricted to Himalayas (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Hibiscus florcosus Mast., nom. nud. Sphalm. pro Hibiscus floccosus Mast.? (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly of general occurrence in Myanmar, fide Hundley. Palaua malvifolia Cav. Described from Myan- mar; identity of this species in a genus oth- erwise restricted to South America is unre- solved (L. Dorr, 2001). Sida glutinosa Comm. ex Cav. Name probably misapplied to Sida mysorensis Wight & Arn. (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Tan- inthayi, fide Hundley. Musaceae Musa bakeri Hook. f. Untraceable name (A.-Z. Liu, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “taw-nghetpyaw” and “nga-souk,” fide Hundley. Musa sylvestris Colla. Untraceable name (A.-Z. Liu, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “taw-ngetpyaw,” fide Hundley. Myrtaceae Tristania acuminata Kurz. Nomen nudum pub- lished in Prelim. Rep. For. Veg. Pegu, App. B. 50 (1875), in clavi (J. Parnell, 2002), Najadaceae Najas bengalensis Horn af Rantzien. Invalid name used indiscriminately (C. Cook, 1999), cf. Triest, L. 1988. Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre- Mer, Cl. Sci. Nat. Med. (Bruxelles) mem. 8 ns. 22 (1): 1-178; attributed to Myanmar by Hundley. Onagraceae Epilobium origanifolium Lam. Misapplied name (W. Wagner, 2002), probably Epilobium amurense Haussknecht subsp. amurense, plant supposedly from Mandalay (Meiktila), fide Hundley. Epilobium roseum Schreb. Misapplied name (W. Wagner, 2002), possibly Epilobium amurense Haussknecht subsp. amurense or Epilobium royleanum Haussknecht; plant supposedly from Chin and Kachin, fide Hundley. Jussiaea tenella Burm. f. Doubtful name (P. Ra- ven, Reinwardtia 6: 404. 1963), most likely applicable to Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell (cf. W. Wagner, Onagraceae, in: A Re- vised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 9: 339-341. 1995); plant supposedly from Yan- gon, fide Hundley. Ludwigia erecta (L.) Hara. Almost certainly a misapplied name for Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven, but specimens required for ex- act determination (W. Wagner, 2002); plant supposedly from Taninthayi (Tavoy), fide Hundley. Appendix II: Incertae Sedis 478 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Orchidaceae Aerides ainsworthii B.S. Williams. Untraceable name (E. Christenson, 1999); plant suppos- edly from Mon, fide Hundley. Aerides crispum auct., non Lindl. Historic mis- identification of Aerides falcata Lindl. & Paxt. (E. Christenson, 1999). Agrostophyllum hasseltii (Blume) J.J. Sm. Plant not yet recorded from Myanmar; correct name is Agrostophyllum elongatum (Ridley) A. Schuiteman (Appendicula _hasseltii Blume) (D. Boufford, 2002); plant suppos- edly from Mon and Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Arethusa burmanii L. Genus of eastern North America, not occurring in Asia, inexplicably reported for Myanmar by Hundley (E. Chris- tenson, 1999; D. Boufford, 2002). Cleisostoma crassifolium Lindl. & Paxt. Philip- pine plant, not occurring in Myanmar, the correct name of which is Sarcophyton crassi- folium (Lindl. & Paxt.) Garay (D. Boufford, 2002); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Coelogyne scopulorum W.W. Sm. Non-existent, unpublished name cited in Hundley, intended to represent Pleione scopulorum W.W. Sm. (1921). Coelogyne uniflora auct., non (Lindl.) Lindl. Plant from unknown locality, probably Myanmar (Tenasserim), fide I.D. Lund, Nor- dic Journal of Botany 7: 511-527 (1987), the name treated (op. cit.) under the Thailand en- demic Panisea distelidia Lund. Dendrobium falcatum Lour. Author of this spe- cies is actually J.J. Smith; a New Guinea plant unlikely to occur in Myanmar. Dendrobium ionopus Rchb. f. Philippine en- demic; range originally incorrectly stated (D. Boufford, 2002). Dendrobium laciniosum Ridl. Synonym of Flick- ingeria laciniosa (Ridl.) Hawkes, known only from type specimen from peninsular Malaysia (D. Boufford, 2002). Dendrobium revolutum Lindl. Records of this species are Dendrobium ellipsophyllum Tang & F.T. Wang (D. Boufford, 2002). Dendrobium taenialis (Lindl.) Benth. Non- existent name, probably intended for the en- tity now known as Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & U.C. Pradhan (D. Boufford, 2002). Dendrochilum gardneriana. Untraceable, author- less name, based on US Herbarium annota- tion of a specimen collected by J.F. Rock be- tween Sadon and the Yunnan Chinese border at Changtifang and Kambait, November 1922 (E. Haug, 1999), Ephemerantha macraei (Lindl.) P.F. Hunt & Summerh. Species is dubious in Myanmar (E. Christenson, 1999); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Habenaria cubitalis (L.) R. Br. ex Spreng. Sri Lankan endemic, doubtfully in Myanmar (D. Boufford, 2002). Malaxis liparis Lind]. Non-existent name, as is also the synonym suggested by Hundley, Mi- crostylis liparis Lindl. (D. Boufford, 2002); plant supposedly from Shan, fide Hundley. Microsaccus javensis sensu auct., non Blume. Hundley report for Myanmar based on mis- identification of Microsaccus griffithii (Par- ish & Rchb. f.) Seidenf. (E. Christenson, 1999). Paphiopedilum kimballianum (L. Linden) Pfitzer. Natural hybrid from Borneo, not oc- curring in Myanmar (E. Christenson, 1999; D. Boufford, 2002), while the basionym Cy- pripedium kimballianum L. Linden 1s attrib- uted to Myanmar in /ndex Kewensis. Phalaenopsis mastersii King & Pantl. Known only from type specimen, collected in Assam, northeastern India (D. Boufford, 2002); plant Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 479 supposedly of general occurrence in Myan- mar, fide Hundley. Pteroceras fasciata Rchb. f. Non-existent name (D. Boufford, 2002); plant supposedly from Mon, with common name of “myingy- thitkwa,” fide Hundley. Saccolabium pulcherrima Wall. Non-existent, untraceable name (E. Christenson, 1999; D. Boufford, 2002). Sarcochilus bicuspidatus. Untraceable, author- less name, probably referable to Sarcanthus bicuspidatus (Hook. f.) J.J. Smith (Stereor- chis bicuspidatus (Hook. f.) King & Pantl., Cleisostoma bicuspidatus Hook. f.); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Tainiopsis wrayana (Hook. f.) J.J. Sm. Non- existent name, perhaps intended to represent Tainia wrayana Hook. f., and therefore Mischobulbum wrayanum (Hook. f.) Rolfe (D. Boufford, 2002). Vrydagzynea verrucosa Summerh. Non-existent name, probably confused with Uncifera ver- rucosa Summerh. (D. Boufford, 2002); plant supposedly from Kachin, fide Hundley. Papaveraceae Corydalis cashmeriana Royle. Very doubtful in Myanmar; no Myanmar material seen by M. Liden (2001); literature record possibly refers to blue-flowered Chinese Corydalis pseu- doadoxa C.Y. Wu & H. Chung (M. Liden, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin and Sagaing, fide Hundley. Corydalis curviflora Maxim. ex Hemsl. Chinese species, certainly not present in Myanmar (M. Liden, 2001); plant supposedly from Ka- chin, fide Hundley. Meconopsis paniculata (D. Don) Prain. Highly unlikely in Myanmar, the Hundley citation probably referable to Meconopsis napaulen- sis DC., with which it is often confused (K. Jork, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin, fide Hundley. Papaver cholas L. Non-existent name, possibly a distortion of Papaver rhoeas L. (J. Kadereit, 2001). Poaceae Apluda varia Hack. Nomen nudum (P. Peterson, 2002); plant supposedly from Mandalay, fide Hundley. Decliptera minbuensis Br. Listed in Hundley under Poaceae; mistake for Dicliptera min- buensis Bor (Acanthaceae), the latter name also in the Hundley Checklist. Gigantochloa mogaungensis E.G. Camus. No- men nudum (R. Soreng, 2002); plant suppos- edly from Kachin, where known as “mogaung-wa,” fide Hundley. Gigantochloa wallichiana Kurz ex Teijsm. & Binn. Nomen nudum (G. Guala, 1999). Panicum foveolatus Stapf. Non-existent name (P. Peterson, 2002; R. Soreng, 2002); plant sup- posedly from Mandalay, where known as “padaw-ni-myet,” fide Hundley. Panicum junctontorum Pas. Non-existent, un- traceable name (P. Peterson, 2002; R. Soreng, 2002). Paspalum flavidum A. Camus. Non-existent name (R. Soreng, 2002), possibly intended to represent Paspalidium flavidum A. Camus, which is a separately listed species in Hundley; plant supposedly useful as fodder, occurring in Yangon, and with common name of “sin-ngo-myet,” fide Hundley. Saccharum longifolium Munro ex Benth. Nomen nudum (P. Peterson, 2002), referable to Eri- anthus chrysothrix Hack., the latter given as a synonym of S. Jongifolium in Hundley, as well as separately listed as a valid species, fide Hundley. Setaria adscensdens (sic, sphalm. adscendens) Henrard. Non-existent name (Peterson, 2002; Soreng, 2002); plant supposedly from Man- dalay, fide Hundley. Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis 480 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Sorghum vulgare Pers. Nomen illegitimum superfluum (P. Peterson, 2002); plant suppos- edly from Bago, fide Hundley. Sporobolus tremulus Kunth. Nomen illegitimum superfluum (P. Peterson, 2002); plant sup- posedly from Bago and Mandalay, where known as “the-padaw,” fide Hundley. Triticum guticum, Untraceable, authorless name; supposedly a cultivated plant known as “gyon” and “winter wheat,” fide Hundley. Rosaceae Photinia burmanicus G. Klotz. Non-existent name, probably referable to Cotoneaster bur- manicus G. Klotz. Photinia farreri G. Klotz. Non-existent name, probably referable to Cotoneaster farreri G. Klotz. Rutaceae Acronychia sessilifolia Blume. Non-existent, untraceable name (J. Kallunki, 2002). Schisandraceae Kadsura scandens (Blume) C.E. Parkinson. Spe- cies does not occur in Myanmar (R. Saun- ders, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin, Kayin and Mon, fide Hundley. Schisandra axillaris auctt., non Blume. Many collections of Schisandra propinqua (Wall.) Baill. subsp. intermedia (A.C. Sm.) R.M.K. Saunders are erroneously designated as Schi- sandra axillaris (R. Saunders, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin and Sagaing, fide Hundley. Schisandra grandiflora Hook. f. & Thoms. Spe- cies does not occur in Myanmar (R. Saun- ders, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin and Sagaing, fide Hundley. Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. & Wils. Species does not occur in Myanmar (R. Saunders, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin and Sagaing, fide Hundley. Schisandra wardii. Untraceable, authorless name (R. Saunders, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin and Sagaing, fide Hundley. Scrophulariaceae Veronica aragallish L. Untraceable name for a species of “speedwell” supposedly from Shan, fide Hundley; epithet vaguely reminis- cent of Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., the latter known from Shan (Inle Lake). Smilacaceae Smilax minutiflora A.DC. Name of doubtful va- lidity (T. Koyama, 2000); plant supposedly from Lower Myanmar, fide Hundley. Solanaceae Capsicum grossum Willd. “Name not currently in use; one of the very numerous synonyms of the cultivated species of Capsicum, all of which are native of the New World” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “thinbaw-ngayok,” fide Hundley. Capsicum minimum Roxb. “Name not currently in use; one of the very numerous synonyms of one of the cultivated species of Capsicum, all of which are native of the New World” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known lo- cally as “mo-hmyaw-ngayok,” fide Hundley. Cestrum rustica L. “No such name; probably Nicotiana rustica L. was meant” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “say,” fide Hundley. Solanum coringerum Dunal. Unknown plant, but “perhaps Solanum cornigerum André (from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was meant, a syno- nym of Solanum mammosum L.” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly from Bago (Thar- rawaddy), fide Hundley. Appendix II: /ncertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 481 Solanum crassipetalum Wall. Possibly “some species of Lycianthes” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly from Salween, fide Hundley. Solanum macranthum Dunal. “Synonym of So- lanum crinitum Lam. of Amazonian South America and is not known in cultivation else- where. Certainly Solanum wrightii Benth. would have been meant, a native of Bolivia, but in cultivation throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “sin- khayan,” fide Hundley. Solanum subtruncatum Wall. Equals “some spe- cies of Lycianthes” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin (Myitkyina), fide Hundley. Solanum verbascifolium L. “Nom. rejic., the type in the Caribbean region. A different species was meant, very likely Solanum erianthum D. Don” (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “dauk-satpya” and “daung- satpya,” fide Hundley. Solanum wattii Kochne [sic]. Name unknown in Solanum and nomenclaturally allied genera (M. Nee, 2001); plant supposedly known lo- cally as “mye-bok-hkayan,” fide Hundley. Sterculiaceae Heritiera elata Ridley. Known only from Malay Peninsula and Borneo, fide A. Kostermans (1959) monograph (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Kachin (Myitkyina), fide Hundley. Heritiera macrophylla Wall. ex Kurz. Known only from India and Annam, fide A. Koster- mans (1959) monograph (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly known locally as “taung- kanazo” and “lahkru,” fide Hundley. Pterocymbium tinctorium (Blanco) Merr. Not occurring in Myanmar, according to several recent studies (L. Dorr, 2001); plant suppos- edly known locally as “sawbya,” fide Hundley. Sterculia longifolia Vent. Species confined to Sumatra, Java and Borneo (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Theaceae Schima diospyricarpa Kurz. Unpublished nomen fantum in Hundley for a plant occurring in Mon area of Myanmar, probably relating to Pyrenaria diospyrifolia Kurz, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 42(2): 60 (1873), the latter de- scribed from Myanmar and also listed in Hundley. Tiliaceae Brownlowia peltata Benth. Species restricted to Borneo (L. Dorr, 2001); plant supposedly from Taninthayi, fide Hundley. Valerianaceae Nardostachys wallichii DC. Untraceable name, probably referring to Valeriana_ wallichii DC.; plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Zingiberaceae Curcuma grandiflora Wall. Untraceable name (W.J. Kress, 2002); plant supposedly from Chin, fide Hundley. Curcuma pecticulata Roxb. Untraceable name (T. Rehse, 2002); plant supposedly from Yangon, where known as “marlar” and “san- win-nwe,” fide Hundley. Globba versicolor Sm. Plant described from East Indies and Malaya, not known to occur in Myanmar (K. Williams, 2001). Kaempferia coronarium. Untraceable, authorless name; Hundley citation of var. chrysoleucum Hook. probably refers to Hedychium chryso- leucum Hook., a synonym of Hedychium coronarium Koenig; plant supposedly from Maymyo, fide Hundley. Appendix II: Incertae Sedis 482 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Kaempjeria indica Wall. Untraceable name; Family Unknown plant supposedly known locally as “taukta,” fide Hundley. Lencymmaea salicifolia Presl, Epim. Bot, 211 (1849). Described from Burma. Family and Kaempferia moulmeinensis. Untraceable, unpub- genus are Incertae Sedis, fide Index Kewen- lished name; plant supposedly occurring in sis. Mon, fide Hundley. Phaeomeria macraostachyum [sic] Dalzell. Un- traceable name, probably referring to Etlin- gera macrostachyum (Dalzell) R.M. Smith; plant supposedly of general occurrence in Myanmar, fide Hundley. Appendix II: Incertae Sedis Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 483 APPENDIX II NEW TAXA PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME Acanthaceae Andrographis hygrophiloides (T. Anders.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps, comb. nov. (Basio- nym: Haplanthus hygrophiloides T. Anders., Journ. Linn. Soc. 9: 503. 1867). Described from Myanmar. Strobilanthes birmanica (Bremek.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps, comb. nov. (Basionym: Gutzlaffia birmanica Bremek., Verh. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Amst., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 41(1): 155. 1944). Described from Myan- mar. Strobilanthes fruticosa (Chatterjee) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps, comb. noy. (Basionym: Gutzlaffia fruticosa Chatterjee, Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 3: 18. 1951). Described from Myanmar. Strobilanthes nagaensis (Bremek.) W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps, comb. nov. (Basionym: Diflugossa nagaensis Bremek., Verh. Neder. Akad. Wetensch. Amst., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 41(1): 237. 1944). Described from Upper Myanmar. Combretaceae Terminalia myanmarensis W.J. Kress & R.A. DeFilipps, nom. nov. Transfer of the replaced name Pentaptera gracilis Presl, Epimel. Bot. 214 (1849), originally described from Myanmar, into the congeneric Terminalia is required. The epithet gracilis is unavailable in Terminalia as it has previously been em- ployed in the illegitimate homonym Termina- lia gracilis Tul., Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4 (6): 96 (1856), described from Madagascar. Verbenaceae Holmskioldia sanguinea f. aurantiaca Yin Yin Kyi & R.A. DeFilipps, f nov. Differt a typo floribus aurantiacis. Typus: Nepal: Ranga pani, alt. 6000 ft., flowers orange, A.V. Upadhyay 1350 (US!). This attractive shrub with flowers bright orange is in cultivation at the Kandawgyi National Botanical Garden, Pyin-Oo-Lwin, Myanmar (Yin Yin Kyi, obs.). Reports on the natural range of the species in Myanmar are discussed by H.S. Moldenke, Phytologia 48(4): 341 (1981). Typical flower color of the species is red to brick-red or russet, and a form with flowers lemon-yellow has been described as f. citrina Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 58 (1961). Moldenke (/oc. cit. 342. 1981) noted that “the orange-flowered form may deserve a form name.” Appendix III: New Taxa 484 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 485 Gymnosperms Araucariaceae 33 Cephalotaxaceae 33 Cupressaceae 33 Cycadaceae 34 Ginkgoaceae 34 Gnetaceae 34 Pinaceae 34 Podocarpaceae 35 Taxaceae 35 Taxodiaceae 35 Monocots Acoraceae 37 Agavaceae 37 Alismataceae 37 Alliaceae 37 Aloaceae 38 Amaryllidaceae 38 Anthericaceae 39 Aponogetonaceae 39 Apostasiaceae (see Orchidaceae) Araceae 39 Arecaceae 43 Aroideae (see Araceae) Asparagaceae 47 Asphodelaceae 47 Bromeliaceae 47 Burmanniaceae 47 Butomaceae (see Limnocharitaceae) Cannaceae 48 Centrolepidaceae (see Cyperaceae) Colchicaceae 48 Commelinaceae 49 Convallariaceae 49 Costaceae 50 Cymodoceaceae 50 Cyperaceae 50 Dioscoreaceae 56 Dracaenaceae 58 Eriocaulaceae 58 Flagellariaceae 59 Gramineae (see Poaceae) Haemodoraceae (see Convallariaceae) INDEX TO FAMILIES Hanguanaceae 59 Heliconiaceae 59 Hemerocallidaceae 59 Hyacinthaceae 59 Hydrocharitaceae 59 Hypoxidaceae 60 Iridaceae 60 Juncaceae 60 Lemnaceae 61 Liliaceae 61 Limnocharitaceae 62 Marantaceae 62 Melanthiaceae 62 Musaceae 63 Najadaceae 63 Orchidaceae 64 Palmae (see Arecaceae) Pandanaceae 90 Philydraceae 91 Phormiaceae 91 Poaceae 91 Pontederiaceae 115 Potamogetonaceae 116 Restionaceae (erroneously cited) Roxburghiaceae (see Stemonaceae) Ruppiaceae (see Potamogetonaceae) Smilacaceae 116 Sparganiaceae (see Typhaceae) Stemonaceae 117 Strelitziaceae 117 Taccaceae 118 Thismiaceae (see Burmanniaceae) Trilliaceae 118 Typhaceae 118 Xyridaceae 118 Zannichelliaceae 118 Zingiberaceae 118 Zosteraceae 124 Dicots Acanthaceae 125 Aceraceae 134 Actinidiaceae 135 Aegicerataceae (see Myrsinaceae) Aizoaceae 135 Alangiaceae 136 Altingiaceae (see Hamamelidaceae) Amaranthaceae 136 Ampelidaceae (see Vitaceae) Anacardiaceae 137 Ancistrocladaceae 140 Annonaceae 140 Apiaceae 145 Apocynaceae 146 Aquifoliaceae 150 Aquilariaceae (see Thymelaeaceae) Araliaceae 151 Aralidiaceae 153 Aristolochiaceae 153 Asclepiadaceae 153 Asteraceae 157 Aucubaceae 168 Avicenniaceae 168 Balanitaceae 169 Balanophoraceae 169 Balsaminaceae 169 Barclayaceae (see Nymphaeaceae) Barringtoniaceae (see Lecythidaceae) Basellaceae 170 Begoniaceae 170 Berberidaceae 172 Betulaceae 173 Bignoniaceae 173 Bixaceae 175 Bombacaceae 175 Boraginaceae 175 Brassicaceae 177 Brunellaceae (see Lamiaceae) Buddlejaceae 178 Burseraceae 179 Buxaceae 179 Cabombaceae 179 Cactaceae 179 Caesalpiniaceae 180 Index to Families 486 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Callitrichaceae 185 Campanulaceae 185 Cannabaceae 185 Cannabinaceae (see Cannabaceae) Capparaceae 186 Caprifoliaceae 188 Capusiaceae (see Celastraceae) Cardiopteridaceae 189 Caricaceae 189 Carpinaceae (see Corylaceae) Caryophyllaceae 189 Cassythaceae (see Lauraceae) Casuarinaceae 190 Cecropiaceae 190 Celastraceae 190 Ceratophyllaceae 193 Chailletiaceae (see Dichapetalaceae) Chenopodiaceae 193 Chloranthaceae 193 Chrysobalanaceae 194 Cleomaceae (see Capparaceae) Clethraceae 194 Cochlospermaceae 194 Combretaceae 194 Compositae (see Asteraceae) Connaraceae 196 Convolvulaceae 197 Cordiaceae (see Boraginaceae) Coriariaceae 201 Cornaceae 201 Corylaceae 202 Crassulaceae 202 Cruciferae (see Brassicaceae) Crypteroniaceae 203 Cucurbitaceae 203 Cuscutaceae (see Convolvulaceae) Cytinaceae (see Rafflesiaceae) Daphniphyllaceae 206 Datiscaceae 206 Diapensiaceae 206 Dichapetalaceae 206 Dilleniaceae 206 Dipentodontaceae 207 Dipsacaceae 207 Dipterocarpaceae 207 Dodonaeceae (see Sapindaceae) Droseraceae 209 Ebenaceae 209 Ehretiaceae (see Boraginaceae) Elaeagnaceae 211 Elaeocarpaceae 211 Elatinaceae 213 Epacridaceae 213 Epacrideae (see Epacridaceae) Ericaceae 213 Erythropalaceae (see Olacaceae) Erythroxylaceae 222 Escalloniaceae 223 Euphorbiaceae 223 Euryalaceae (see Nymphaeaceae) Fabaceae 235 Fagaceae 254 Ficoidaceae (see Aizoaceae) Flacourtiaceae 257 Fumariaceae (see Papaveraceae) Gentianaceae 258 Geraniaceae 261 -Gesneriaceae 261 Gisekiaceae 264 Goodeniaceae 264 Grossulariaceae 264 Guttiferae (see Hypericaceae) Haloragaceae 265 Hamamelidaceae 265 Hamelideae (see Hamamelidaceae) Helioptropiaceae (see Boraginaceae) Helleboraceae (see Ranunculaceae) Hernandiaceae 265 Hippocastanaceae 265 Hippocrateaceae (see Celastraceae) Hippuridaceae 265 Hydnoraceae 265 Hydrangeaceae 266 Hydrocotylaceae (see Apiaceae) Hydrophyllaceae 266 Hypericaceae 266 Icacinaceae 268 Ilicaceae (see Aquifoliaceae) Illiciaceae 269 Irvingiaceae 269 Iteaceae (see Escalloniaceae) Ixonanthaceae 270 Juglandaceae 270 Labiatae (see Lamiaceae) Lamiaceae 270 Lardizabalaceae 275 Lauraceae 275 Lecythidaceae 281 Leeaceae 281 Lentibulariaceae 282 Linaceae 283 Lobeliaceae (see Campanulaceae) Loganiaceae 283 Loranthaceae 284 Lythraceae 285 Magnoliaceae 287 Malaceae (see Rosaceae) Malpighiaceae 288 Malvaceae 289 Martyniaceae (see Pedaliaceae) Melastomataceae 291 Meliaceae 294 Meliosmaceae 296 Menispermaceae 297 Menyanthaceae 298 Mimosaceae 298 Molluginaceae 302 Moraceae 302 Morinaceae 307 Moringaceae 307 Myricaceae 307 Myristicaceae 307 Myrsinaceae 308 Myrtaceae 311 Index to Families Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 487 Nelumbonaceae 316 Nyctaginaceae 316 Nymphaeaceae 316 Nyssaceae (see Cornaceae) Ochnaceae 316 Oenotheraceae (see Onagraceae) Olacaceae 317 Oleaceae 317 Onagraceae 320 Opiliaceae 321 Orobanchaceae (see Scrophulariaceae) Oxalidaceae 321 Paeoniaceae 321] Pandaceae 321 Papaveraceae 322 Papilionaceae (see Fabaceae) Parnassiaceae 323 Passifloraceae 323 Pedaliaceae 323 Pentaphragmataceae 323 Periplocaceae (see Asclepiadaceae) Philadelphaceae (see Hydrangeaceae) Phytolaccaceae 323 Piperaceae 324 Pittosporaceae 325 Plagiopteraceae 325 Plantaginaceae 325 Plumbaginaceae 325 Podoaceae 325 Podostemaceae 325 Polemoniaceae 326 Polygalaceae 326 Polygonaceae 327 Portulacaceae 329 Potaliaceae (see Loganiaceae) Primulaceae 329 Proteaceae 331 Punicaceae 332 Pyrolaceae (see Ericaceae) Rafflesiaceae 332 Ranunculaceae 332 Resedaceae 335 Rhamnaceae 335 Rhizophoraceae 336 Rosaceae 336 Rubiaceae 344 Rutaceae 357 Sabiaceae 361 Salicaceae 361 Salvadoraceae 362 Samydaceae (see Flacourtiaceae) Santalaceae 362 Sapindaceae 362 Sapotaceae 364 Sarcospermataceae (see Sapotaceae) Saururaceae 366 Saxifragaceae 366 Schisandraceae 367 Scrophulariaceae 367 Simaroubaceae 373 Siphonodontaceae (see Celastraceae) Solanaceae 373 Sonneratiaceae (see Lythraceae) Sphenocleaceae 375 Stachyuraceae 375 Staphyleaceae 375 Sterculiaceae 375 Strychnaceae (see Loganiaceae) Stylidiaceae 378 Styracaceae 378 Symplocaceae 379 Tamaricaceae 380 Ternstroemiaceae (see Theaceae) Tetracentraceae 380 Tetragoniaceae (see Aizoaceae) Tetrameleaceae (see Datiscaceae) Theaceae 380 Thymelaeaceae 382 Tiliaceae 382 Trapaceae 385 Tropaeolaceae 385 Turneraceae 385 Ulmaceae 385 Umbelliferae (see Apiaceae) Urticaceae 385 Vacciniaceae (see Ericaceae) Valerianaceae 387 Verbenaceae 387 Violaceae 392 Viscaceae 392 Vitaceae 393 Zygophyllaceae 395 Index to Families 488 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 489 INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES Listed below are names for all species included in the current checklist. Names in Roman type are species from earlier editions of the checklist with any taxonome or nomenclatural changes (indicated in parentheses). Names in italics are currently accepted names of previously listed taxa (indicated in parentheses) or are additional species not listed in earlier editions of the checklist. The family placement of each taxon (according to Brummitt, 1992) in the current list is provided. Abarema angulata (see Archidendron clypearia; Mimosaceae) 301 Abarema bigemina (Mimosaceae) 298 Abarema clypearia (see Archidendron clypearia; Mimosaceae) 301 Abarema glomeriflora (see Archidendron glomeriflorum; Mimosaceae) 301 Abelmoschus crinitus (Malvaceae) 289 Abelmoschus esculentus (Malvaceae) 289 Abelmoschus ficulneus (Malvaceae) 289 Abelmoschus manihot (Malvaceae) 289 Abelmoschus manihot subsp. tetraphyllus (see Abelmoschus manihot; Malvaceae) Abelmoschus manihot var. pungens (see Abelmoschus manihot; Malvaceae) Abelmoschus moschatus (Malvaceae) 289 Aberia gardnerii (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Abies delavayi (Pinaceae) 34 Abies densa (Pinaceae) 23, 34 Abies fargesii (Pinaceae) 34 Abies spectabilis (Pinaceae) 34 Abies unwinii (Pinaceae) 34 Abies yunnanensis (Pinaceae) 34 Abildgaardia ovata (Cyperaceae) 50 Abroma augusta (Sterculiaceae) 375 Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae) 235 Abrus pulchellus (Fabaceae) 235 Abutilon amoenum (Malvaceae) 289 Abutilon asiaticum (see Abutilon indicum; Malvaceae) 289 Abutilon bidentatum (Malvaceae) 289 Abutilon indicum (Malvaceae) 289 Abutilon indicum subsp. guineense (see Abutilon indicum; Malvaceae) Abutilon indicum var. populifolium (see Abutilon indicum; Malvaceae) Abutilon persicum (Malvaceae) 289 Abutilon polyandrum (see Abutilon persicum; Malvaceae) 289 Acacia arabica (see Acacia nilotica; Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia auriculiformis (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia brunnescens (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia caesia (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia campbellii (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia canescens (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia catechu (Mimosaceae) 26-29, 299 Acacia chundra (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia concinna (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia confusa (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia dealbata (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia decurrens (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia decurrens var. mollis (see Acacia decurrens; Mimosaceae) Acacia diadenia (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia farnesiana (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia ferruginea (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia gageana (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia inopinata (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia insuavis (see Acacia pennata; Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia intsia (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia kingil (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia laevis (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia leucophloea (Mimosaceae) 28, 299 Acacia macrocephala (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia meeboldii (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia megaladena (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia microcephala (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia modesta (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia mollissima (see Acacia decurrens; Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia myaingii (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia nilotica (Mimosaceae) 299 Acacia obcordata (Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia pennata (Mimosaceae) 28, 300 Acacia pennata var. pluricapitata (see Acacia pennata; Mimosaceae) Acacia podalyraefolia (Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia pruinescens (Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia rugata (Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia suma (Mimosaceae) 300 Acacia tomentosa (Mimosaceae) 300 Acalypha acmophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha fallax (see Acalypha lanceolata; Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha fruticosa (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha hispida (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha indica (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha lacei (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha lanceolata (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha marginata (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha siamensis (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acalypha wilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Acampe longifolia (see Acampe rigida; Orchidaceae) 64 Acampe ochracea (Orchidaceae) 64 Acampe papillosa (Orchidaceae) 64 Acampe praemorsa (Orchidaceae) 64 Acampe rigida (Orchidaceae) 64 Acanthephippium sylhetense (Orchidaceae) 64 Acanthopanax aculeatum (see Eleutherococcus trifoliatus; Araliaceae) 152 Acanthopanax trifoliatus (see Eleutherococcus trifoliatus; Araliaceae) 152 Acanthospermum australe (Asteraceae) 157 Index to Scientific Names 490) Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Acanthospermum xanthoides (see Acanthospermum australe; Asteraceae) 157 Acanthus ebracteatus (Acanthaceae) 125 Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae) 29, 125 Acanthus leucostachyus (Acanthaceae) 125 Acanthus longibracteatus (Acanthaceae) 125 Acanthus longipetiolatus (Acanthaceae) 125 Acanthus volubilis (Acanthaceae) 125 Acer buergerianum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer campbellii (Aceraceae) 134 Acer caudatum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer caudatum var. georgei (see Acer caudatum; Aceraceae) Acer chionophyllum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer chloranthum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer davidii (Aceraceae) 134 Acer erosum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer isolobum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer laetum (Aceraceae) 134 Acer laevigatum (Aceraceae) 135 Acer laurinum (Aceraceae) 135 Acer niveum (see Acer laurinum; Aceraceae) 135 Acer oblongum (Aceraceae) 135 Acer pinnatinervium (Aceraceae) 135 Acer sikkimense (Aceraceae) 135 Acer sikkimense var. serrulatum (see Acer sikkimense; Aceraceae) Acer taronense (Aceraceae) 135 Acer tetramerum (Aceraceae) 135 Acer thomsonii (Aceraceae) 135 Acer villosum (Aceraceae) 135 Acer wardii (Aceraceae) 135 Acer wilsonii (Aceraceae) 135 Acer wilsonii subsp. burmense (see Acer wilsonii; Aceraceae) Achillea clavennae (Asteraceae) 157 Achimenes grandiflora (Gesneriaceae) 261 Achimenes longiflora (Gesneriaceae) 261 Achras zapota (Sapotaceae) 364 Achyranthes aquatica (see Centrostachys aquatica; Amaranthaceae) 137 Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) 136 Achyranthes bidentata (Amaranthaceae) 136 Achyrospermum wallichianum (Lamiaceae) 270 Acilepis aspera (Asteraceae) 157 Acilepis clivorum (Asteraceae) 157 Acilepis dendigulensis (Asteraceae) 157 Acilepis saligna (Asteraceae) 157 Acilepis silhetensis (Asteraceae) 157 Acilepis squarrosa (Asteraceae) 157 Aciphylla squarrosa (Apiaceae) 145 Acmella calva (Asteraceae) 157 Acmella paniculata (Asteraceae) 158 Acmena acuminatissima (Myrtaceae) 311 Aconitum calthifolium (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum heterophyllum (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum jucundum (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum lethale (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum nagarum (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum palmatum (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum pulchella (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum souliei (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum uncinatum (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconitum venatorium (Ranunculaceae) 332 Aconogonon rhombitepalum (Polygonaceae) 327 Acorus calamus (Acoraceae) 37 Acorus gramineus (Acoraceae) 37 Acrachne racemosa (Poaceae) 91 Acrachne verticillata (Poaceae) 91 Acriopsis indica (Orchidaceae) 64 Acriopsis javanica (see Acriopsis liliifolia; Orchidaceae) 64 Acriopsis liliifolia (Orchidaceae) 64 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Acrocephalus verbenifolius (Lamiaceae) 270 Acroceras munroanum (Poaceae) 91 Acroceras tonkinensis (Poaceae) 91 Acroceras zizanioides (Poaceae) 91 Acroclinium roseum (see Helipterum roseum; Asteraceae) 164 Acrocomia aculeata (Arecaceae) 43 Acronema pilosum (Apiaceae) 145 Acronema rivale (Apiaceae) 145 Acronychia pedunculata (Rutaceae) 357 Acronychia sessilifolia (Rutaceae) 480 Actephila excelsa (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Actinidia callosa (Actinidiaceae) 135 Actinidia forrestii (Actinidiaceae) 135 Actinodaphne angustifolia (Lauraceae) 275 Aciinodaphne attenuata (Lauraceae) 476 Actinodaphne concolor (Lauraceae) 275 Actinodaphne leiophylla (Lauraceae) 275 Actinodaphne obovata (Lauraceae) 275 Actinodaphne sesquipedalis (Lauraceae) 275 Actinodaphne sikkimensis (Lauraceae) 275 Adelostemma gracillimum (Asclepiadaceae) 153 Adenanthera pavonina (Mimosaceae) 300 Adenia cardiophylla (Passifloraceae) 323 Adenia trilobata (Passifloraceae) 323 Adenium obesum (Apocynaceae) 146 Adenosacme chasalioides (Rubiaceae) 344 Adenosacme glandulosa (Rubiaceae) 344 Adenosacme gracilis (Rubiaceae) 344 Adenosacme longifolia (Rubiaceae) 344 Adenosacme parishii (Rubiaceae) 344 Adenosma caerulea (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Adenosma capitata (see Adenosma indiana; Scrophulariaceae) 367 Adenosma indiana (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Adenosma macrophyllum (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Adenosma microcephalum (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Adenostemma lavenia (Asteraceae) 158 Adhatoda oreophila (Acanthaceae) 125 Adhatoda vasica (see Justicia adhatoda; Acanthaceae) 128 Adina cordifolia (Rubiaceae) 25-26, 344 Adina griffithii (Rubiaceae) 344 Adina indivisa (Rubiaceae) 344 Adina oligocephala (Rubiaceae) 344 Adina polycephala (see Metadina trichotoma; Rubiaceae) Adinandra gallatlyi (Theaceae) 380 Adinandra integerrima (Theaceae) 380 Adinandra villosa (Theaceae) 380 Aechmanthera tomentosa (Acanthaceae) 125 Aechmea fulgens (Bromeliaceae) 47 Aegialitis rotundifolia (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Aegiceras corniculatum (Myrsinaceae) 308 Aegiceras majus (see Aegiceras corniculatum; Myrsinaceae) 308 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 491 Aeginetia indica (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Aeginetia pedunculata (Scrophulariaceae) 367 Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) 357 Aegopodium henryi (Apiaceae) 145 Aerides ainsworthii (Orchidaceae) 478 Aecrides biswasianum (see Papilionanthe biswasiana; Orchidaceae) 85 Aerides crassifolia (Orchidaceae) 64 Aerides crassifolia var. leonae (see Aerides crassifolia; Orchidaceae) Aerides crispum (Orchidaceae) 478 Aerides decumbens (see Phalaenopsis deliciosa; Orchidaceae) 86 Aerides falcatum (Orchidaceae) 64 Aerides lobbii (see Thrixspermum calceolus; Orchidaceae) 89 : Aerides longicornu (see Papilionanthe uniflora; Orchidaceae) 85 Aerides mitratum (see Seidenfadenia mitrata; Orchidaceae) 88 Aerides multiflorum (Orchidaceae) 64 Aerides multiflorum var. lobbii (see Aerides multiflorum; Orchidaceae) Aerides odoratum (Orchidaceae) 64 Aerides odoratum var. virens (see Aerides odoratum; Orchidaceae) Aerides pachyphyllum (see Robiquetia pachyphylla; Orchidaceae) 88 Aerides suavissimum (see Aerides odoratum; Orchidaceae) 64 Aerides vandarum (see Papilionanthe vandarum; Orchidaceae) 85 Aerides x jansoni (Orchidaceae) 64 Aerva glabrata (Amaranthaceae) 136 Aerva javanica (Amaranthaceae) 136 Aerva monsoniae (see Trichurus monsoniae; Amaranthaceae) 137 Aerva sanguinolenta (Amaranthaceae) 136 Aerva scandens (see Aerva sanguinolenta; Amaranthaceae) 136 Aeschynanthus acuminatus (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus andersonii (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus bracteatus (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus chiritoides (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus fulgens (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus gracilis (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus grandiflorus (see Aeschynanthus parasiticus; Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus griffithii (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus hildebrandii (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus hookeri (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus linearifolius (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus longicaulis (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus maculatus (Gesneriaceae) 475 Aeschynanthus maculatus var. stenophyllus (see Aeschynanthus maculatus; Gesneriaceae) Aeschynanthus mannii (Gesneriaceae) 475 Aeschynanthus marmoratus (see Aeschynanthus longicaulis; Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus masoniae (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus mimetes (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus parasiticus (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus peelii (see Aeschynanthus bracteatus; Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus stenosepalus (Gesneriaceae) 261 Aeschynanthus superbus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Aeschynanthus tubulosus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Aeschynanthus wardii (Gesneriaceae) 262 Aeschynomene aspera (Fabaceae) 235 Aeschynomene indica (Fabaceae) 235 Aesculus indica (Hippocastanaceae) 265 Aesculus punduana (Hippocastanaceae) 265 Aframomum angustifolium (Zingiberaceae) 118 Afzelia martabanica (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Afzelia xylocarpa (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Aganope heptaphylla (Fabaceae) 235 Aganope thyrsiflora (Fabaceae) 235 Aganosma calycina (see Agonosma wallichii; Apocynaceae) 147 Aganosma cymosa (Apocynaceae) 146 Aganosma lacei (Apocynaceae) 146 Aganosma marginata (Apocynaceae) 146 Aganosma schlechterianum (Apocynaceae) 147 Agapanthus orientalis (Alliaceae) 37 Agapanthus orientalis var. albus (see Agapanthus orientalis; Alliaceae) Agapanthus umbellatus (Alliaceae) 37 Agapetes adenobotrys (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes angulata (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes angustifolia (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes auriculata (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes brachypoda (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes bracteata (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes brandisiana (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes bulleyana (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes burmanica (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes campanulata (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes corallina (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes dispar (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes epacridea (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes fasciculiflora (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes forestii (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes glabra (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes haemantha (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes hillii (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes hyalocheilos (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes inopinata (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes interdicta (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes kingdonis (Ericaceae) 213 Agapetes lacei (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes leptantha (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes lobbii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes loranthiflora (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes macrantha (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes macrostemon (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes neriifolia (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes oblonga (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes obovata (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes odontocera (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes odontocera var. stenoseptata (see Agapetes odontocera; Ericaceae) Agapetes pachyacme (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes parishii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes pensilis (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes pilitera (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes pottingeri (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes pseudogriffithii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes pubiflora (Ericaceae) 214 Index to Scientific Names 492 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Agapetes pyrolifolia (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes rubropedicellata (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes saligna (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes setigera (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes spissiformis (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes stenantha (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes subvinacea (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes toppence (Ericaceae) 475 Agapetes toppinii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes trianguli (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes unwinii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes variegata (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes vernayana (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes wardii (Ericaceae) 214 Agapetes yunnanensis (Ericaceae) 214 Agave americana (Agavaceae) 37 Agave angustifolia (see Agave vivipara; Agavaceae) 37 Agave sisalana (Agavaceae) 37 Agave vera-cruz (Agavaceae) 37 Agave vivipara (Agavaceae) 37 Agelaea wallichii (Connaraceae) 196 Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) 158 Ageratum houstonianum (Asteraceae) 158 Aglaia andamanica (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia argentea (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia crassinervia (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia edulis (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia elliptica (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia griffithil (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia lanuginosa (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia odorata (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia odoratissima (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia oligophylla (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia paniculata (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia pedicellaris (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaia simplicifolia (Meliaceae) 294 Aglaonema birmanicum (see Aglaonema simplex; Araceae) 40 Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema costatum (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema crispum (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema helferi (see Aglaonema nitidum; Araceae) 39 Aglaonema hookerianum (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema marantifolium (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema nitidum (Araceae) 39 Aglaonema nitidum var. helferi (see Aglaonema nitidum; Araceae) Aglaonema oblongifolium (see Aglaonema nitidum; Araceae) 39 Aglaonema pictum (Araceae) 40 Aglaonema pumilum (Araceae) 40 Aglaonema roebelinii (see Aglaonema crispum; Araceae) 39 Aglaonema schottianum (see Aglaonema simplex; Araceae) 40 Aglaonema simplex (Araceae) 40 Agonosma breviloba (Apocynaceae) 147 Agonosma gracilis (Apocynaceae) 147 Agonosma wallichii (Apocynaceae) 147 Agrimonia eupatorium (Rosaceae) 336 Agrimonia pilosa (Rosaceae) 336 Agrimonia pilosa var. nepalensis (see Agrimonia pilosa; Rosaceae) Agropogon littoralis (Poaceae) 91 Agrostis burmanica (Poaceae) 91 Agrostis inaequiglumis (Poaceae) 91 Agrostis mackliniae (Poaceae) 91 Agrostis micrantha (Poaceae) 91 Agrostis stolonifera (Poaceae) 91 Agrostistachys gaudichaudi (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Agrostistachys indica (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Agrostophyllum bicuspidatum (Orchidaceae) 64 Agrostophyllum callosum (Orchidaceae) 64 Agrostophyllum hasseltii (Orchidaceae) 478 Aidia cochinchinensis (Rubiaceae) 344 Aidia densiflora (Rubiaceae) 344 Aidia parvifolia (Rubiaceae) 344 Ailanthus kurzii (Simaroubaceae) 373 Ailanthus triphysa (Simaroubaceae) 373 Ainsliaea angustifolia (Asteraceae) 158 Ainsliaea aptera (Asteraceae) 158 Ainsliaea brandisiana (Asteraceae) 158 Ainsliaea latifolia (Asteraceae) 158 Ainsliaea pteropoda (see Ainsliaea latifolia; Asteraceae) 158 Ajuga lobata (Lamiaceae) 270 Ajuga macrosperma (Lamiaceae) 270 Ajuga ovata (Lamiaceae) 270 Alaeanthus kurzii (Moraceae) 302 Alangium barbatum (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium begoniaefolia (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium chinense (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium ebenaceum (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium kingianum (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium kurzii (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium lamarckii (see Alangium salviifolium; Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium nobile (Alangiaceae) 136 Alangium salviifolium (Alangiaceae) 136 Albizia angulata (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia burmanica (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia chinensis (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia crassiramea (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia elegans (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia falcata (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia gamblei (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia garrettii (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia glomeriflora (see Archidendron glomeriflorum; Mimosaceae) 301 Albizia heterophylla (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia jiringa (see Archidendron jiringa; Mimosaceae) 301 Albizia julibrissin (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia kalkora (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia lebbek (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia lebbekoides (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia lucida (see Albizia lucidior; Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia lucidior (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia mollis (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia myriophylla (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia odoratissima (Mimosaceae) 300 Albizia procera (Mimosaceae) 29, 300 Albizia teysmanni (Mimosaceae) 301 Albizia vernayana (Mimosaceae) 301 Alchornea rugosa (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Alchornea sicca (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Alchornea tiliaefolia (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Alchornea villosa (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Alchornea villosa var. latisepalis (see Alchornea villosa; Euphorbiaceae) Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 493 Alcimandra cathcartii (see Magnolia campbellit; Magnoliaceae) 287 Aletris gracilis (Melanthiaceae) 62 Aletris khasiana (Melanthiaceae) 62 Aletris lanuginosa (Melanthiaceae) 63 Aletris pauciflora (Melanthiaceae) 63 Aleurites cordata (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Aleurites fordii (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Aleurites moluccana (Euphorbiaceae) 223 Aleurites montana (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Alisma orientale (Alismataceae) 37 Alisma plantago (Alismataceae) 37 Allamanda blanchetii (Apocynaceae) 147 Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae) 147 Allamanda nertifolia (see Allamanda schottii; Apocynaceae) 147 Allamanda schottii (Apocynacede) 147 Allamanda violacea (see Allamanda blanchetii; Apocynaceae) 147 Allium acidoides (Alliaceae) 37 Allium ampeloprasum (Alliaceae) 37 Allium ascalonicum (Alliaceae) 38 Allium cepa (Alliaceae) 38 Allium hookeri (Alliaceae) 38 Allium sativum (Alliaceae) 38 Allium tuberosum (Alliaceae) 38 Allium wallichii (Alliaceae) 38 Allomorphia hispida (Melastomataceae) 291 Allomorphia umbellulata (Melastomataceae) 292 Allophylus aporeticus (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus cobbe (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus cobbe var. glaber (see Allophylus cobbe; Sapindaceae) Allophylus glaber (see Allophylus triphyllus; Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus littoralis (see Allophylus timonensis; Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus racemosus (see Allophylus cobbe; Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus serratus (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus subfalcatus (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus timonensis (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus triphyllus (Sapindaceae) 362 Allophylus villosus (Sapindaceae) 362 Allospondias laxiflora (Anacardiaceae) 137 Alloteropsis cimicina (Poaceae) 91 Alloteropsis semialata (Poaceae) 91 Alnus nepalensis (Betulaceae) 173 Alocasia acuminata (Araceae) 40 Alocasia cucullata (Araceae) 40 Alocasia decipiens (Araceae) 40 Alocasia fornicata (Araceae) 40 Alocasia gageana (Araceae) 40 Alocasia indica (Araceae) 40 Alocasia macrorrhizos (Araceae) 40 Alocasia odora (Araceae) 40 Alocasia rapiformis (Araceae) 40 Alocasia sanderiana (Araceae) 40 Alocasia zebrina (Araceae) 40 Aloe littoralis (Aloaceae) 38 Aloe vera (Aloaceae) 38 Alopecurus aequalis (Poaceae) 91 Alphonsea boniana (Annonaceae) 140 Alphonsea glabrifolia (see Alphonsea boniana; Annonaceae) 140 Alphonsea lutea (Annonaceae) 471 Alphonsea ventricosa (Annonaceae) 140 Alpinia allughas (Zingiberaceae) 118 Alpinia blepharocalyx (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia borraginoides (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia bracteata (see Alpinia blepharocalyx; Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia calcarata (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia conchigera (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia formosana (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia latilabris (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia malaccensis (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia manii (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia mutica (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia nigra (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia officinarum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia speciosa (see Alpinia zerumbet; Zingiberaceae) 119 Alpinia zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) 119 Alseodaphne andersonii (Lauraceae) 275 Alseodaphne birmanica (Lauraceae) 275 Alseodaphne costalis (see Litsea costalis; Lauraceae) 278 Alseodaphne dumicola (Lauraceae) 275 Alseodaphne griffithii (Lauraceae) 276 Alseodaphne keenanii (Lauraceae) 276 Alseodaphne khasyana (Lauraceae) 276 Alseodaphne merguensis (see Nothaphoebe condensa; Lauraceae) 280 Alseodaphne petiolaris (Lauraceae) 276 Alseodaphne rubriflora (Lauraceae) 276 Alsomitra clavigera (see Neoalsomitra clavigera; Cucurbitaceae) 205 Alsomitra pubigera (see Neoalsomitra pubigera; Cucurbitaceae) 205 Alsomitra sarcophylla (see Neoalsomitra sarcophylla; Cucurbitaceae) 205 Alstonia rostrata (Apocynaceae) 147 Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) 147 Alstonia venenata (Apocynaceae) 471 Alternanthera nodiflora (Amaranthaceae) 136 Alternanthera philoxeroides (Amaranthaceae) 136 Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae) 136 Alternanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae) 136 Alternanthera triandra (Amaranthaceae) 136 Althaea rosea (Malvaceae) 289 Altingia excelsa (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Alysicarpus bupleurifolius (Fabaceae) 235 Alysicarpus hendersonii (Fabaceae) 235 Alysicarpus monilifer (Fabaceae) 235 Alysicarpus prainii (Fabaceae) 235 Alysicarpus rugosa (Fabaceae) 235 Alysicarpus vaginalis (Fabaceae) 236 Alyssum canescens (Brassicaceae) 177 Alyxia calophylla (see Alstonia rostrata; Apocynaceae) 147 Alyxia fascicularis (Apocynaceae) 471 Alyxia odorata (see Alyxia reinwardtii; Apocynaceae) 147 Alyxia reinwardtii (Apocynaceae) 147 Alyxia stellata (Apocynaceae) 471 Amalocalyx burmanicus (Apocynaceae) 147 Amalocalyx microlobus (Apocynaceae) 147 Amaranthus blitoides (Amaranthaceae) 136 Index to Scientific Names 494 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Amaranthus caudatus (Amaranthaceae) 136 Amaranthus gangeticus (Amaranthaceae) 136 Amaranthus mangostanus (Amaranthaceae) 136 Amaranthus paniculatus (Amaranthaceae) 136 Amaranthus spinosus (Amaranthaceae) 136 Amaranthus tricolor (Amaranthaceae) 137 Amaranthus viridis (Amaranthaceae) 137 Amaryllis belladonna (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Amaryllis punicea (see Hippeastrum puniceum; Amaryllidaceae) 39 Amesiodendron chinense (Sapindaceae) 363 Amherstia nobilis (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Amischotolype glabrata (Commelinaceae) 48 Amischotolype hookeri (Commelinaceae) 48 Amischotolype mollissima (Commelinaceae) 48 Amitostigma tibeticum (Orchidaceae) 64 Ammannia baccifera (Lythraceae) 285 Ammannia indica (see Rotala indica; Lythraceae) 286 Ammannia octandra (Lythraceae) 285 Ammannia peploides (see Rotala indica; Lythraceae) 286 Ammannia pygmaea (Lythraceae) 285 Ammannia rotundifolia (Lythraceae) 285 Ammannia subrotunda (Lythraceae) 285 Amomum aculeatum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum angustifolium (see Aframomum angustifolium; Zingiberaceae) 118 Amomum araneosum (see Etlingera araneosa; Zingiberaceae) 12] Amomum aromaticum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum corynostachyum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum dealbatum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum gramineum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum koenigii (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum littorale (see Etlingera littoralis; Zingiberaceae) 121 Amomum megalocheilos (see Etlingera littoralis; Zingiberaceae) 121 Amomum robertsonii (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum sericeum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum subulatum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum sulphurea (see Etlingera sulphurea; Zingiberaceae) 121 Amomum villosum (Zingiberaceae) 119 Amomum xanthioides (see Amomum villosum; Zingiberaceae) 119 Amoora chittagonga (Meliaceae) 294 Amoora cucullata (Meliaceae) 29-30, 294 Amoora decandra (Meliaceae) 294 Amoora dysoxyloides (Meliaceae) 294 Amoora lactescens (Meliaceae) 295 Amoora moulmeiniana (Meliaceae) 295 Amoora rohituka (Meliaceae) 295 Amoora wallichii (Meliaceae) 295 Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae) 236 Amorphophallus angustispathus (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus bulbifer (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus burmanicus (see Amorphophallus muelleri; Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus campanulatus (see Amorphophallus paeoniifolius; Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus chlorospathus (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus gliruroides (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus kachinensis (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus kransis (Araceae) 472 Amorphophallus krausei (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus muelleri (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus purpurascens (Araceae) 40 Amorphophallus variabilis (Araceae) 40 Ampelocissus barbata (Vitaceae) 393 Ampelocissus glandulosa (see Ampelopsis glandulosa; Vitaceae) 393 Ampelocissus helferi (Vitaceae) 393 Ampelocissus polystachya (Vitaceae) 393 Ampelocissus rugosa (Vitaceae) 393 Ampelopsis glandulosa (Vitaceae) 393 Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) 137 Anacolosa griffithii (Olacaceae) 317 Anacolosa ilicoides (Olacaceae) 317 Anacolosa puberula (Olacaceae) 317 Anacyclus pyrethrum (Asteraceae) 158 Anadendrum microstachyum (Araceae) 40 Anadendrum montanum (Araceae) 472 Anagallis arvensis (Primulaceae) 329 Anamirta paniculata (Menispermaceae) 297 Ananas comosus (Bromeliaceae) 47 Anaphalis adnata (see Gnaphalium adnatum; Asteraceae) 163 Anaphalis araneosa (see Anaphalis busua; Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis busua (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis cinnamomea (see Anaphalis margaritacea; Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis contorta (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis corymbifera (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis cuneifolia (see Anaphalis nepalensis; Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis griffithii (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis margaritacea (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis nepalensis (Asteraceae) 158 Anaphalis royleana (Asteraceae) 158 Anaxagorea luzonensis (Annonaceae) 140 Anchusa azurea (Boraginaceae) 175 Anchusa capensis (Boraginaceae) 175 Ancistrocladus attenuatus (Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Ancistrocladus extensus (Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Ancistrocladus griffithii (Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Ancistrocladus pinangianus (see Ancistrocladus tectorius; Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Ancistrocladus tectorius (Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Ancistrocladus wallichii (Ancistrocladaceae) 140 Andrachne emicans (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Andrographis echioides (Acanthaceae) 125 Andrographis hygrophiloides (Acanthaceae) 125, 483 Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae) 125 Andrographis tenuiflora (Acanthaceae) 125 Andropogon ascinodis (Poaceae) 28, 91 Andropogon brevifolius (Poaceae) 91 Andropogon burmanicus (Poaceae) 91 Andropogon caricosus (see Dichanthium caricosum; Poaceae) 98 Andropogon fascicularis (see Pseudosorghum fasciculare; Poaceae) 110 Andropogon fastigiatus (Poaceae) 91 Andropogon gerardii (Poaceae) 92 Andropogon gerardii subsp. hallii (see Andropogon gerardii; Poaceae) Andropogon intermedius (Poaceae) 92 Andropogon longipes (Poaceae) 92 Andropogon polyptychos (Poaceae) 92 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 495 Andropogon pumilus (Poaceae) 92 Andropogon sorghum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) 112 Andropogon squarrosus (see Pseudoraphis spinescens; Poaceae) 110 Andropogon zollingeri (Poaceae) 92 Androsace gagnepainiana (Primulaceae) 329 Androsace henryi (Primulaceae) 329 Androsace lutea (Primulaceae) 329 Androsace phaeoblephara (Primulaceae) 329 Aneilema divergens (see Murdannia divergens; Commelinaceae) 49 Aneilema ochraceum (see Murdannia crocea; Commelinaceae) 48 Anemone begoniifolia (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone demissa (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone howellii (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone hupehensis (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone japonica (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone narcissiflora (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone obtusiloba (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone rivularis (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae) 332 Anemone vitifolia (Ranunculaceae) 333 Anerincleistus esquirolii (Melastomataceae) 292 Anerincleistus griffithii (Melastomataceae) 292 Anerincleistus helferi (Melastomataceae) 292 Anethum graveolens (Apiaceae) 145 Anethum sowa (see Anethum graveolens; Apiaceae) 145 Angelonia cornigera (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Angelonia gardneri (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Angelonia grandiflora (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Ania angustifolia (Orchidaceae) 64 Ania hennisiana (Orchidaceae) 64 Ania viridifusca (Orchidaceae) 64 Anisadenia pubescens (Linaceae) 283 Anisadenia saxatilis (Linaceae) 283 Aniseia martinicensis (Convolvulaceae) 197 Aniselytron treutleri (Poaceae) 92 Anisochilus carnosus (Lamiaceae) 270 Anisochilus carnosus var. purpurascens (see Anisochilus carnosus; Lamiaceae) Anisochilus pallidus (Lamiaceae) 270 Anisomeles candicans (Lamiaceae) 270 Anisomeles indica (Lamiaceae) 270 Anisomeles ovata (Lamiaceae) 270 Anisomeles pallida (Lamiaceae) 476 Anisopappus chinensis (Asteraceae) 158 Anisoptera costata (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Anisoptera curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Anisoptera odorata (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Anisoptera scaphula (Dipterocarpaceae) 24, 207 Anneslea fragrans (Theaceae) 380 Anneslea monticola (Theaceae) 380 Annona cherimolia (Annonaceae) 140 Annona muricata (Annonaceae) 140 Annona reticulata (Annonaceae) 141 Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) 141 Anodendron paniculatum (Apocynaceae) 147 Anoectochilus albolineatus (Orchidaceae) 64 Anoectochilus burmannicus (Orchidaceae) 64 Anoectochilus roxburghii (Orchidaceae) 64 Anogeissus acuminata (Combretaceae) 25-26, 194 Anogeissus acuminata var. lanceolata (see Anogeissus acuminata; Combretaceae) Anogeissus phillyreaefolia (Combretaceae) 194 Anotis calycina (Rubiaceae) 344 Anplectrum barbatum (Melastomataceae) 292 Anplectrum glaucum (see Dissochaeta glauca; Melastomataceae) 292 Antenoron filiforme (Polygonaceae) 327 Anthocephalus cadamba (see Anthocephalus morindaefolius; Rubiaceae) 344 Anthocephalus morindaefolius (Rubiaceae) 344 Anthogonium gracile (Orchidaceae) 64 Anthoxanthum angustum (see Anthoxanthum horsfieldii; Poaceae) 92 Anthoxanthum clarkei (see Anthoxanthum horsfieldii; Poaceae) 92 Anthoxanthum horsfieldii (Poaceae) 92 Anthoxanthum horsfieldii var. angustum (see Anthoxanthum horsfieldii; Poaceae) Anthurium andraeanum (Araceae) 40 Anthurium crystallinum (Araceae) 41 Antiaris toxicaria (Moraceae) 302 Antidesma acuminatum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma alatum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma bunius (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma collettii (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma cuspidatum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma diandrum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma fallax (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma fruticulosum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma ghesaembilla (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma gymnogyne (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma macrophyllum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma martabanicum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma menasu (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma moritizii (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma pachystemon (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma rotatum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma sootepensis (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma velutinosum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antidesma velutinum (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Antigonon guatemalense (Polygonaceae) 327 Antigonon leptopus (Polygonaceae) 327 Antirrhinum majus (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Aphania danura (see Lepisanthes senegalensis; Sapindaceae) 363 Aphania rubra (see Lepisanthes senegalensis; Sapindaceae) 363 Aphyllorchis montana (Orchidaceae) 64 Aphyllorchis prainii (see Aphyllorchis montana; Orchidaceae) 64 Apios carnea (Fabaceae) 236 Apium graveolens (Apiaceae) 145 Apluda mutica (Poaceae) 92 Apluda mutica var. aristata (see Apluda mutica; Poaceae) Apluda varia (Poaceae) 479 Apocopis anomalus (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis burmanicus (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis cochinchinensis (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis floccosus (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis paleaceus (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis peguensis (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis pulcherrimus (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis royleanus (Poaceae) 92 Index to Scientific Names 496 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Apocopis vaginata (Poaceae) 92 Apocopis wrightii (Poaceae) 92 Apodytes andamanica (Icacinaceae) 268 Apodytes cambodiana (Icacinaceae) 268 Aponogeton monostachyon (Aponogetonaceae) 472 Aponogeton undulatus (Aponogetonaceae) 39 Aporusa aurea (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa clellandii (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa dioica (see Aporusa octandra; Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa duthieana (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa ficifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa frutescens (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa lanceolata (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa macrophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 224 Aporusa microstachya (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa oblonga (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa obovata (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa octandra (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa planchoniana (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa villosa (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa villosula (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Aporusa wallichit (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Apostasia nuda (Orchidaceae) 64 Apostasia wallichii (Orchidaceae) 64 Appendicula callosa (see Agrostophyllum callosum; Orchidaceae) 64 Appendicula cornuta (Orchidaceae) 64 Apteron lanceolatum (Rhamnaceae) 335 Aquilaria agallocha (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) 177 Arachis hypogaea (Fabaceae) 236 Arachnis clarkei (see Esmeralda clarkei; Orchidaceae) 78 Arachnis flos-aeris (Orchidaceae) 64 Arachnis labrosa (Orchidaceae) 65 Arachnis maingayi (Orchidaceae) 65 Aralia armata (see Aralia montana; Araliaceae) 151 Aralia balfouriana (Araliaceae) 151 Aralia foliolosa (Araliaceae) 151 Aralia gintungensis (Araliaceae) 151 Aralia montana (Araliaceae) 151 Aralia thomsonii (Araliaceae) 151 Aralidium pinnatifidum (Aralidiaceae) 153 Araucaria bidwillii (Araucariaceae) 33 Araucaria columnaris (Araucariaceae) 33 Araucaria cunninghamii (Araucariaceae) 33 Araucaria excelsa (Araucariaceae) 33 Araucaria heterophylla (Araucariaceae) 33 Archidendron clypearia (Mimosaceae) 301 Archidendron conspicuum (Mimosaceae) 301 Archidendron glomeriflorum (Mimosaceae) 301 Archidendron jiringa (Mimosaceae) 301 Arctotis stoechadifolia (Asteraceae) 158 Ardisia anceps (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia andamanica (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia arborescens (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia attenuata (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia brandisiana (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia colorata (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia crispa (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia dawnacea (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia dawnensis (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia depressa (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia floribunda (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia gracilis (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia grandifolia (Myrsinaceae) 308 Ardisia helferiana (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia humilis (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia icara (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia kachinensis (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia khasiana (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia kurzii (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia neglecta (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia neriifolia (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia oxyphylla (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia paniculata (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia paniculata var. hookeri (see Ardisia paniculata; Myrsinaceae) Ardisia polycephala (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia reflexa (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia rigida (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia russellii (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia solanacea (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia sumatrana (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia thomsonii (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia vestita (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia virens (Myrsinaceae) 309 Ardisia wallichii (Myrsinaceae) 309 Areca catechu (Arecaceae) 43 Areca triandra (Arecaceae) 43 Arecastrum romanzoffianum (see Syagrus romanzoffiana; Arecaceae) 46 Arenaria holosteoides (see Lepyrodiclis holosteoides; Caryophyllaceae) 190 Arenaria pogonantha (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Arenaria roseiflora (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Arenga hookeriana (Arecaceae) 43 Arenga nana (Arecaceae) 43 Arenga pinnata (Arecaceae) 43 Arenga saccharifera (Arecaceae) 43 Arethusa burmanii (Orchidaceae) 478 Argemone mexicana (Papaveraceae) 322 Argostemma kurzii (Rubiaceae) 344 Argostemma lobbii (Rubiaceae) 344 Argostemma parishii (Rubiaceae) 344 Argostemma sarmentosum (Rubiaceae) 344 Argostemma succulentum (Rubiaceae) 344 Argostemma tavoyanum (Rubiaceae) 344 Argyranthemum frutescens (Asteraceae) 158 Argyreia argentea (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia barbata (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia barbigera (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia bracteosa (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia burneyi (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia capitiformis (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia championi (see Argyreia mollis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia confusa (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia hirsutissima (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia hookeri (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia kurzii (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia lanceolata (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia laxiflora (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia longifolia (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia mastersti (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia maymyensis (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia maymyo (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia mollis (Convolvulaceae) 197 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 497 Argyreia nervosa (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia obtecta (see Argyreia mollis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia osyrensis (Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia pallida (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia roxburghii (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia rubicunda (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia setosa (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia sikkimensis (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia speciosa (see Argyreia nervosa; Convolvulaceae) 197 Argyreia splendens (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia tiliaefolia (see Stictocardia tiliifolia; Convolvulaceae) 201 Argyreia venusta (Convolvulaceae) 198 Argyreia wallichii (Convolvulaceae) 198 Ariopsis peltata (Araceae) 41 Arisaema album (Araceae) 41 Arisaema concinnum (Araceae) 41 Arisaema consanguineum (Araceae) 41 Arisaema erubescens (Araceae) 41 Arisaema galeatum (Araceae) 41 Arisaema griffithi (Araceae) 41 Arisaema monbeigii (Araceae) 41 Arisaema nepenthoides (Araceae) 41 Arisaema prazeri (Araceae) 41 Arisaema pulchrum (Araceae) 41 Arisaema wallichianum (Araceae) 41 Arisaema wattii (Araceae) 41 Aristida adscencionis (Poaceae) 92 Aristida cumingiana (Poaceae) 92 Aristida depressa (Poaceae) 92 Aristida funiculata (Poaceae) 92 Aristida hystrix (Poaceae) 92 Aristida setacea (Poaceae) 92 Aristolochia atropurpurea (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia bracteata (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia cucurbitoides (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia griffithii (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia hookeriana (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia indica (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia pierrei (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia roxburghiana (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia saccata (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia tagala (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia transsecta (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Aristolochia wardiana (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Artabotrys burmanicus (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys crassifolius (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys cubittii (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys hexapetalus (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys kurzii (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys multiflorus (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys odoratissimus (see Artabotrys hexapetalus; Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys parkinsonti (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys siamensis (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys speciosus (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys suaveolens (Annonaceae) 141 Artabotrys uniflorus (Annonaceae) 141 Artanema angustifolium (see Artanema longifolium; Scrophulariaceae) 368 Artanema longifolium (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia burmanica (see Artemisia myriantha; Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia indica (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia japonica (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia myriantha (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia pallens (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia parviflora (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia persica (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia scoparia (Asteraceae) 158 Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae) 158 Arthraxon breviaristatus (Poaceae) 92 Arthraxon ciliaris (Poaceae) 92 Arthraxon hispidus (Poaceae) 92 Arthraxon lanceolatus (Poaceae) 92 Arthraxon lancifolius (Poaceae) 93 Arthraxon nudus (see Arthraxon hispidus; Poaceae) 92 Arthraxon submuticus (see Arthraxon hispidus; Poaceae) 92 Artocarpus altilis (Moraceae) 302 Artocarpus calophyllus (Moraceae) 302 Artocarpus champeden (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus chaplasha (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus gomeziana (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus kunstleri (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus lakoocha (Moraceae) 24, 303 Artocarpus rigida (Moraceae) 303 Artocarpus rufescens (Moraceae) 303 Arum maculatum (Araceae) 41 Arum orientale (Araceae) 41 Arundina graminifolia (Orchidaceae) 65 Arundina subsessilis (see Dilochia subsessilis; Orchidaceae) 76 Arundinaria armata (see Chimonobambusa armata; Poaceae) 95 Arundinaria griffithiana (see Chimonocalamus griffithianus; Poaceae) 95 Arundinaria kurzii (see Drepanostachyum kurzii; Poaceae) 99 Arundinaria phar (see Chimonocalamus callosus; Poaceae) 95 Arundinaria racemosa (see Yushania racemosa; Poaceae) 115 Arundinaria wardii (see Yushania wardii; Poaceae) 115 Arundinella bengalensis (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella birmanica (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella brasiliensis (see Arundinella hispida; Poaceae) 93 Arundinella ciliata (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella fuscata (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella hispida (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella holcoides (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella holcoides var. ciliata (see Arundinella ciliata; Poaceae) Arundinella hookeri (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella nepalensis (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella pumila (Poaceae) 93 Arundinella setosa (see Arundinella birmanica; Poaceae) 93 Arundinella tenella (see Arundinella pumila; Poaceae) 93 Arundo donax (Poaceae) 93 Arundo donax var. versicolor (see Arundo donax; Poaceae) Arytera littoralis (Sapindaceae) 363 Asarum cordifolium (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Orchidaceae) 65 Ascocentrum curvifolium (Orchidaceae) 65 Index to Scientific Names 498 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ascocentrum himalaicum (Orchidaceae) 65 Ascocentrum rubrum (Orchidaceae) 65 Ascotainia hennisiana (see Ania hennisiana; Orchidaceae) 64 Asparagus acerosus (Asparagaceae) 47 Asparagus filicinus (Asparagaceae) 47 Asparagus lycopodineus (Asparagaceae) 47 Asparagus officinalis (Asparagaceae) 47 Asparagus plumosus (Asparagaceae) 47 Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae) 47 Asphodelus tenuifolius (Asphodelaceae) 47 Aspidistra elatior (Convallariaceae) 49 Aspidopterys concava (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys floribunda (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys helferiana (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys hirsuta (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys nutans (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys obcordata (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys roxburghiana (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aspidopterys tomentosa (Malpighiaceae) 288 Aster albescens (Asteraceae) 159 Aster amellus (Asteraceae) 159 Aster chinensis (see Callistephus chinensis; Asteraceae) 160 Aster fuscescens (Asteraceae) 159 Aster helenae (Asteraceae) 159 Aster salwinensis (Asteraceae) 159 Aster trinervius (see Aster amellus; Asteraceae) 159 Aster wattii (Asteraceae) 159 Asteropyrum peltatum (Ranunculaceae) 333 Astilbe rivularis (Saxifragaceae) 366 Astilbe rubra (Saxifragaceae) 366 Astragalus vicioides (Fabaceae) 236 Asystasia chelonoides (Acanthaceae) 125 Asystasia coromandeliana (see Asystasia gangetica; Acanthaceae) 125 Asystasia gangetica (Acanthaceae) 125 Asystasia lanceolata (see Chroesthes lanceolata; Acanthaceae) 126 Asystasia macrocarpa (Acanthaceae) 125 Asystasia neesiana (Acanthaceae) 125 Atalantia caudata (Rutaceae) 357 Atalantia citrifolia (Rutaceae) 358 Atalantia longispina (Rutaceae) 358 Atalantia monophylla (Rutaceae) 358 Atalantia racemosa (Rutaceae) 358 Atherolepis venosa (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Atherolepis wallichii (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Atherostemon javensis (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Atropa belladona (Solanaceae) 373 Atylosia barbata (Fabaceae) 236 Atylosia burmanica (Fabaceae) 236 Atylosia crassa (Fabaceae) 236 Atylosia mollis (Fabaceae) 236 Atylosia nivea (see Cajanus niveus; Fabaceae) 236 Atylosia scarabaeoides (see Cajanus scarabaeoides; Fabaceae) 236 Aucuba chinensis (Aucubaceae) 168 Aucuba himalaica (Aucubaceae) 168 Aulacodiscus premnoides (Rubiaceae) 344 Avena sativa (Poaceae) 93 Averrhoa bilimbi (Oxalidaceae) 321 Averrhoa carambola (Oxalidaceae) 321 Avicennia alba (Avicenniaceae) 168 Avicennia officinalis (Avicenniaceae) 169 Axonopus affinis (see Axonopus fissifolius; Poaceae) 93 Axonopus compressus (Poaceae) 93 Axonopus fissifolius (Poaceae) 93 Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) 295 Azima sarmentosa (Salvadoraceae) 362 Azima tetracantha (Salvadoraceae) 362 Baccaurea bracteata (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baccaurea flaccida (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baccaurea parviflora (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baccaurea ptychopyxis (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baccaurea ramiflora (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baccaurea sapida (Euphorbiaceae) 29, 225 Bacopa monnieri (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Baeckea frutescens (Myrtaceae) 311 Balanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) 169 Balanites triflora (Balanitaceae) 169 Balanophora dioica (Balanophoraceae) 169 Balanophora globosa (Balanophoraceae) 169 Balanophora indica (Balanophoraceae) 169 Balanostreblus ilicifolia (Moraceae) 303 Baliospermum axillare (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baliospermum calycinum (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baliospermum densiflorum (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baliospermum micranthum (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Baliospermum yui (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Bambusa affinis (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa arundinacea (see Bambusa bambos; Poaceae) 93 Bambusa atra (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa balcooa (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa bambos (Poaceae) 29, 93 Bambusa binghami (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa burmanica (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa copelandii (see Dendrocalamus copelandii; Poaceae) 97 Bambusa griffithiana (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa jaintiana (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa kingiana (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa kyathaungtu (Poaceae) 93 Bambusa lineata (see Bambusa atra; Poaceae) 93 Bambusa longispiculata (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa macrostachya (see Guadua macrostachya; Poaceae) 103 Bambusa marginata (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa multiplex (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa nana (see Bambusa multiplex; Poaceae) 94 Bambusa oliveriana (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa pallida (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa polymorpha (Poaceae) 25, 94 Bambusa schizostachyoides (see Pseudobambusa kurzii; Poaceae) 110 Bambusa sinthana (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa teres (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa thalaw-wa (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa tulda (Poaceae) 26, 94 Bambusa tuldoides (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa ventricosa (see Bambusa tuldoides; Poaceae) 94 Bambusa villosula (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa vulgaris (Poaceae) 94 Bambusa vulgaris var. striata (see Bambusa vulgaris; Poaceae) Bambusa wamin (Poaceae) 94 Barclaya longifolia (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Barleria arnottiana (Acanthaceae) 125 Barleria cristata (Acanthaceae) 125 Barleria polytricha (Acanthaceae) 125 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 499 Barleria prionitis (Acanthaceae) 125 Barleria stenophylla (Acanthaceae) 125 Barleria strigosa (Acanthaceae) 125 Barringtonia acutangula (Lecythidaceae) 29, 281 Barringtonia angusta (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia asiatica (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia conoidea (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia cymosa (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia helferi (see Barringtonia macrocarpa; Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia kermodei (see Barringtonia acutangula; Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia macrocarpa (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia macrostachya (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia pendula (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia pterocarpa (see Barringtonia angusta; Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia reticulata (Lecythidaceae) 281 Barringtonia spicata (see Barringtonia acutangula; Lecythidaceae) 281 Bartonia indica (Gentianaceae) 475 Basella alba (Basellaceae) 170 Basella rubra (see Basella alba; Basellaceae) 170 Bassia villosa (Sapotaceae) 364 Bauhinia acuminata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia albolutea (see Bauhinia stipularis; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia anguina (see Bauhinia scandens; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia bidentata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia brachycarpa (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia bracteata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia diphylla (Caesalpiniaceae) 28, 180 Bauhinia diptera (see Bauhinia yunnanensis; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia divergens (Caesalpiniaceae) 474 Bauhinia elongata (see Bauhinia pottsii; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia enigmatica (see Bauhinia brachycarpa; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia ferruginea (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia fusifera (see Bauhinia viridescens; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia galpinii (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia genuflexa (see Bauhinia touranensis; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia glabrifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia glauca (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia glauca subsp. tenuiflora (see Bauhinia glauca; Caesalpiniaceae) Bauhinia helferi (see Bauhinia bracteata; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia involucellata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia isopetala (Caesalpiniaceae) 474 Bauhinia kurzii (see Bauhinia bracteata; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia lyrata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia macrostachya (see Bauhinia wallichii; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia malabarica (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia meeboldii (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia mollissima (see Bauhinia pottsii; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia monandra (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia nervosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia ornata (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia ornata var. kerrii (see Bauhinia ornata; Caesalpiniaceae) Bauhinia parkinsonii (see Bauhinia brachycarpa; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia piperifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia polycarpa (see Bauhinia viridescens; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia pottingeri (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia pottsii (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia pottsii var. mollissima (see Bauhinia pottsil; Caesalpiniaceae) Bauhinia pottsii var. velutina (see Bauhinia pottsii; Caesalpiniaceae) Bauhinia prainiana (Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia purpurea (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia racemosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 28, 181 Bauhinia rosea (see Bauhinia bracteata; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia rufa (see Bauhinia ornata; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia scandens (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia scortechinii (Caesalpiniaceae) 474 Bauhinia semibifida (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia sericea (see Bauhinia glabrifolia; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia similis (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia stipularis (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia sulphurea (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia tenuiflora (see Bauhinia glauca; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia tomentosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia tortuosa (see Bauhinia bracteata; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia touranensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia vahlii (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia variegata (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia velutina (see Bauhinia pottsii; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Bauhinia viridescens (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia wallichii (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Bauhinia yunnanensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Beaumontia brevituba (Apocynaceae) 147 Beaumontia grandiflora (Apocynaceae) 147 Beaumontia khasiana (Apocynaceae) 147 Beaumontia macrantha (Apocynaceae) 147 Beaumontia rosea (see Beaumontia macrantha; Apocynaceae) 147 Beccarinda cordifolia (Gesneriaceae) 262 Beccarinda griffithii (Gesneriaceae) 262 Beesia cordata (Ranunculaceae) 333 Begonia acetosella (Begoniaceae) 170 Begonia alaecida (Begoniaceae) 170 Begonia andamensis (Begoniaceae) 170 Begonia barbata (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia bowringiana (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia brandisiana (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia burmensis (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia cathcartii (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia coccinea (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia crenata (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia delicatula (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia dux (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia fibrosa (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia flaccidissima (Begoniaceae) 171 Index to Scientific Names 500 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Begonia gigantea (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia goniotis (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia herveyana (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia hydrocotylifolia (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia hymenophylloides (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia integrifolia (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia laciniata (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia lubbersii (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia lucerna (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia martabanica (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia megaptera (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia modestiflora (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia moulmeinensis (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia nivea (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia paleacea (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia palmata (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia parishii (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia parvulifora (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia picta (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia procridifolia (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia prolifera (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia rex (Begoniaceae) 171 Begonia roxburghii (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia sandalifolia (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia scutata (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia sikkimensis (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia sinuata (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia subperfoliata (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia surculigera (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia thomsonii (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia tricuspidata (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia triradiata (Begoniaceae) 172 Begonia verticillata (Begoniaceae) 172 Beilschmiedia argentata (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia argentea (see Beilschmiedia argentata; Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia assamica (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia elegantissima (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia globularia (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia macrophylla (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia robertsoni (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia roxburghiana (Lauraceae) 276 Beilschmiedia sphaerocarpa (Lauraceae) 276 Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) 60 Bellis perennis (Asteraceae) 159 Benincasa hispida (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Bennettia longipes (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Benthamidia capitata (Cornaceae) 201 Berberis aemulans (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis amabilis (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis asiatica (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis bhutanensis (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis bicolor (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis buchananii (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis burmanica (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis capillaris (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis collettii (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis coxii (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis favosa (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis hypokerina (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis incrassata (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis incrassata var. bucahwangensis (see Berberis incrassata; Berberidaceae) Berberis insignis (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis laevis (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis metapolyantha (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis rufescens (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis telomaica (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis venusta (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis victoriana (Berberidaceae) 172 Berberis wallichiana (Berberidaceae) 173 Berchemia flavescens (Rhamnaceae) 335 Berchemia floribunda (Rhamnaceae) 335 Berchemia polyphylla (Rhamnaceae) 335 Bergenia ciliata (Saxifragaceae) 366 Bergenia ligulata (Saxifragaceae) 366 Bergenia purpurascens (Saxifragaceae) 366 Bergia capensis (Elatinaceae) 213 Bergia verticillata (Elatinaceae) 213 Berneuxia thibetica (Diapensiaceae) 206 Berrya ammonilla (Tiliaceae) 382 Berrya cordifolia (Tiliaceae) 25, 382 Berrya mollis (Tiliaceae) 383 Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae) 193 Betula alnoides (Betulaceae) 173 Betula cylindrostachya (Betulaceae) 173 Betula utilis (Betulaceae) 173 Betula utilis var. pratti (see Betula utilis; Betulaceae) Bhesa paniculata (Celastraceae) 190 Bhesa robusta (Celastraceae) 190 Bidens alba (Asteraceae) 159 Bidens biternata (Asteraceae) 159 Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) 159 Billbergia nutans (Bromeliaceae) 47 Billbergia pyramidalis (Bromeliaceae) 47 Biophytum reinwardtii (Oxalidaceae) 321 Biophytum sensitivum (Oxalidaceae) 321 Bischofia javanica (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) 175 Blainvillea acmella (Asteraceae) 159 Blepharis maderaspatensis (Acanthaceae) 125 Blepharis molluginifolia (Acanthaceae) 471 Bletia hyacinthia (see Bletilla striata; Orchidaceae) 65 Bletia striata (see Bletilla striata; Orchidaceae) 65 Bletilla foliosa (Orchidaceae) 65 Bletilla striata (Orchidaceae) 65 Blinkworthia convolvuloides (Convolvulaceae) 198 Blinkworthia lycioides (Convolvulaceae) 198 Blumea albescens (Asteraceae) 473 Blumea aromatica (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea balsamifera (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea bifoliata (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea chinensis (see Blumea hieracifolia; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea clarkei (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea densiflora (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea diffusa (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea fistulosa (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea glomerata (see Blumea fistulosa; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea hieracifolia (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea lacera (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea laciniata (see Blumea sinuata; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea lanceolata (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea membranacea (see Blumea napifolia; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea membranacea var. viscosula (see Blumea napifolia; Asteraceae) Blumea mollis (Asteraceae) 159 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 501 Blumea myriocephala (see Blumea lanceolata; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea napifolia (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea nodiflora (see Blumea fistulosa; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea oxyodonta (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea procera (see Blumea repanda; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea repanda (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea riparia (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea sericans (see Blumea hieracifolia; Asteraceae) 159 Blumea sinuata (Asteraceae) 159 Blumea virens (Asteraceae) 160 Blumea wightiana (see Blumea mollis; Asteraceae) 159 Blyxa aubertii (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Blyxa griffithii (see Blyxa aubertii; Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Blyxa japonica (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Blyxa octandra (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Blyxa quadricostata (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Bocagea elliptica (see Sageraea elliptica; Annonaceae) 144 Boea birmanica (see Trisepalum birmanicum; Gesneriaceae) 264 Boea herbacea (see Kaisupeea herbacea; Gesneriaceae) 263 Boea multiflora (see Paraboea multiflora; Gesneriaceae) 264 Boea prolixa (see Paraboea prolixa; Gesneriaceae) 264 Boea wallichii (Gesneriaceae) 262 Boehmeria chiangmaiensis (Urticaceae) 385 Boehmeria densiflora (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria didymogyne (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria hamiltoniana (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria helferi (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria kurzii (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria macrophylla (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria malabarica (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria nivea (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria platyphylla (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria polystachya (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria rugulosa (Urticaceae) 386 Boehmeria sidifolia (see Boehmeria platyphylla; Urticaceae) 386 Boeica filiformis (Gesneriaceae) 476 Boeica porosa (Gesneriaceae) 262 Boenninghausenia albiflora (Rutaceae) 358 Boerhavia chinensis (Nyctaginaceac) 316 Boerhavia diffusa (Nyctaginaceac) 316 Boerhavia repanda (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Boesenbergia parvula (Zingiberaceae) 119 Boesenbergia plicata (Zingiberaceae) 119 Boesenbergia pulcherrima (Zingiberaceae) 119 Boesenbergia rotunda (Zingiberaceae) 120 Boesenbergia thorelii (Zingiberaceae) 120 Boltonia indica (see Kalimeris indica; Asteraceae) 164 Bombax anceps (Bombacaceae) 175 Bombax anceps var. cambodiense (see Bombax anceps, Bombacaceae) Bombax ceiba (Bombacaceae) 26, 175 Bombax insigne (Bombacaceae) 26-27, 29, 175 Bombax malabaricum (see Bombax ceiba; Bombacaceae) 175 Bonamia elegans (Convolvulaceae) 198 Bonamia semidigyna (Convolvulaceae) 198 Bonnaya antipoda (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Bonnaya brachiata (see Lindernia ciliata; Scrophulariaceae) 370 Bonnaya reptans (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Bonnaya tenuifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Bonnaya veronicifolia (see Lindernia antipoda; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Boottia cordata (see Ottelia cordata; Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Borassus flabellifer (Arecaceae) 43 Borreria articularis (Rubiaceae) 344 Borreria hispida (Rubiaceae) 344 Borreria stricta (Rubiaceae) 344 Borthwickia trifoliata (Capparaceae) 186 Boschia mansonii (see Durio mansoni; Bombacaceae) 175 Boscia prunoides (Capparaceae) 186 Boscia variabilis (Capparaceae) 28-29, 186 Bosea amherstiana (Amaranthaceae) 137 Bothriochloa bladhii (Poaceae) 94 Bothriochloa intermedia (see Bothriochloa bladhii; Poaceae) 94 Bothriochloa pertusa (Poaceae) 94 Bothriochloa wrightii (Poaceae) 94 Botryophora kingii (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Bouea burmanica (Anacardiaceae) 137 Bougainvillea glabra (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Bougainvillea spectabilis (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Bousigonia angustifolia (Apocynaceae) 147 Boussingaultia baselloides (Basellaceae) 170 Boussingaultia cracius (Basellaceae) 473 Brachiaria brizantha (Poaceae) 94 Brachiaria burmanica (Poaceae) 94 Brachiaria distachya (see Urochloa distachya; Poaceae) 114 Brachiaria erucaeformis (Poaceae) 94 Brachiaria mutica (Poaceae) 94 Brachiaria paspaloides (see Urochloa glumaris, Poaceae) 115 Brachiaria ramosa (see Urochloa ramosa; Poaceae) 115 Brachiaria reptans (see Urochloa reptans; Poaceae) 115 Brachiaria setigera (see Urochloa setigera; Poaceae) 115 Brachiaria villosa (see Urochloa villosa; Poaceae) 115 Brachychiton acerifolius (Sterculiaceae) 375 Brachycome iberidifolia (Asteraceae) 160 Brachycorythis galeandra (Orchidaceae) 65 Brachycorythis helferi (Orchidaceae) 65 Brachycorythis henryi (Orchidaceae) 65 Brachycorythis obovalis (Orchidaceae) 65 Brachystelma edulis (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Brachystemma calycinum (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Brachytome russellii (Rubiaceae) 344 Brachytome wallichii (Rubiaceae) 344 Brachytome wardii (Rubiaceae) 344 Brackenridgea hookeri (Ochnaceae) 316 Bragantia tomentosa (see Thottea tomentosa; Aristolochiaceae) 153 Brandisia discolor (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Brassaia capitata (Araliaceae) 151 Brassaiopsis aculeata (Araliaceae) 151 Brassaiopsis castaneifolia (Araliaceae) 151 Brassaiopsis ciliata (Araliaceae) 151 Brassaiopsis ficifolia (Araliaceae) 151 Brassaiopsis glomerulata (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis griffithii (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis hainla (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis hispida (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis mitis (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis palmata (Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis palmata var. polyacantha (see Brassaiopsis palmata; Araliaceae) Brassaiopsis rockii (see Brassaiopsis ciliata; Araliaceae) 151 Index to Scientific Names 502 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Brassaiopsis speciosa (see Brassaiopsis glomerulata; Araliaceae) 152 Brassaiopsis trilobata (see Brassaiopsis griffithii; Araliaceae) 152 Brassica alba (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica campestris (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica campestris subsp. napus (see Brassica campestris; Brassicaceae) Brassica juncea (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica oleracea subsp. botrytis (see Brassica oleracea; Brassicaceae) Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (see Brassica oleracea; Brassicaceae) Brassica oleracea subsp. caulorapa (see Brassica oleracea; Brassicaceae) Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera (see Brassica oleracea; Brassicaceae) Brassica rapa (Brassicaceae) 177 Brassica rapa var. dichotoma (see Brassica rapa; Brassicaceae) Brassica rapa var. toria (see Brassica rapa; Brassicaceae) Breweria cordata (see Bonamia semidigyna; Convolvulaceae) 198 Breweria elegans (see Bonamia elegans; Convolvulaceae) 198 Breynia angustifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Breynia coronata (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Breynia patens (Euphorbiaceae) 225 Breynia rhamnoides (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia alnifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia burmanica (see Bridelia ovata; Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia dasycalyx (see Bridelia stipularis; Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia glauca (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia griffithii (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia insulana (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia macrophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 475 Bridelia minutiflora (see Bridelia insulana; Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia montana (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia ovata (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia pubescens (see Bridelia glauca; Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia retusa (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia stipularis (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Bridelia tomentosa (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Briggsia forrestii (Gesneriaceae) 476 Briggsia kurzii (Gesneriaceae) 262 Briggsia longifolia (Gesneriaceae) 262 Briggsia muscicola (Gesneriaceae) 262 Bromheadia aporoides (Orchidaceae) 65 Broussonetia papyrifera (Moraceae) 303 Brownea grandiceps (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Brownlowia elata (Tiliaceae) 383 Brownlowia helferiana (Tiliaceae) 383 Brownlowia lanceolata (see Brownlowia tersa; Tiliaceae) 383 Brownlowia macrophylla (Tiliaceae) 383 Brownlowia meeboldii (see Brownlowia macrophylla; Tiliaceae) 383 Brownlowia peltata (Tiliaceae) 481 Brownlowia tersa (Tiliaceae) 383 Brucea amarissima (see Brucea javanica; Simaroubaceae) 373 Brucea javanica (Simaroubaceae) 373 Brucea mollis (Simaroubaceae) 373 Brugmansia zippelii (see Rhizanthes zippelii; Rafflesiaceae) 332 Bruguiera conjugata (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Bruguiera cylindrica (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Bruguiera decandra (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Bruguiera hainesii (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Bruguiera parviflora (Rhizophoraceae) 30, 336 Bruguiera sexangula (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Bruinsmia polysperma (Styracaceae) 378 Brunfelsia undulata (Solanaceae) 373 Bryophyllum pinnatum (see Kalanchoe pinnata; Crassulaceae) 202 Buchanania acuminata (Anacardiaceae) 137 Buchanania arborescens (Anacardiaceae) 137 Buchanania florida (Anacardiaceae) 138 Buchanania glabra (Anacardiaceae) 138 Buchanania lancifolia (Anacardiaceae) 138 Buchanania lanzan (Anacardiaceae) 138 Buchanania latifolia (Anacardiaceae) 138 Buchnera cruciata (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Buchnera tetrasticha (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Bucklandia populnea (see Exbucklandia populnea; Hamamelidaceae) 265 Buddleja acutifolia (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja asiatica (Buddlejaceae) 31, 178 Buddleja candida (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja forestii (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja hookeri (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja limitanea (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja longifolia (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja macrostachya (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja myriantha (Buddlejaceae) 178 Buddleja officinalis (Buddlejaceae) 179 Buddleja paniculata (Buddlejaceae) 179 Bulbophyllum alcicorne (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum alopecurus (see Bulbophyllum triste; Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbophyllum auricomum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum birmense (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum blepharistes (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum burkilli (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum capillipes (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum careyanum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum careyanum var. ochrea (see Bulbophyllum careyanum; Orchidaceae) Bulbophyllum cauliflorum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum clandestinum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum comosum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum conchiferum (see Bulbophyllum khasyanum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum congestum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum crassipes (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum cretaceum (Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum cupreum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum cylindraceum (see Bulbophyllum khasyanum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum cylindraceum var. khasiana (see Bulbophyllum khasyanum; Orchidaceae) Bulbophyllum dayanum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum dickasonii (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum emarginatum (Orchidaceae) 66 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 503 Bulbophyllum epicrianthes (see Bulbophyllum haniffii; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum farreri (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum gracile (see Bulbophyllum reichenbachii; Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum gracillimum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum gracillipes (see Bulbophyllum gracillimum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum guttulatum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum haniffii (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum hirtum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum kanburiense (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum khasyanum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lasiochilum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum laxiflorum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lemniscatum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lepidum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum limbatum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lindleyanum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lineatum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum lobbii (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum longipes (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum macranthum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum microtepalum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum modestum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum moniliforme (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum mundulum (see Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum; Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum nasutum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum nigrescens (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum nilgherrense (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum odoratissimum (Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum oligoglossum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum ornatissimum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum parviflorum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum pechei (see Bulbophyllum cupreum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum pectinatum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum penicillium (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum picturatum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum polyrrhizum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum protractum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum psittacoglossum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum pumilio (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum purpurascens (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum radiatum (see Bulbophyllum laxiflorum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum refractum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum reichenbachii (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum repens (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum reptans (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum retusiusculum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum rigens (see Bulbophyllum lindleyanum; Orchidaceae) 66 Bulbophyllum rufilabrum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum rufinum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum secundum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum serratotruncatum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum sessile (see Bulbophyllum clandestinum; Orchidaceae) 65 Bulbophyllum sicyobulbon (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum sillemianum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum spathaceum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum spectabile (see Bulbophyllum pectinatum; Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum stenobulbon (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum suavissimum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum tripudians (Orchidaceae) 67 Bulbophyllum triste (Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbophyllum umbellatum (Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbophyllum wendlandianum (Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbophyllum wightii (Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbophyllum xylophyllum (Orchidaceae) 68 Bulbostylis puberula (Cyperaceae) 50 Bupleurum candollei (Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum falcatum (Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum flexuosum (see Bupleurum hamiltonii; Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum hamiltonii (Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum kurzii (Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum mucronatum (Apiaceae) 145 Bupleurum setaceum (Apiaceae) 145 Burmannia candida (Burmanniaceae) 47 Burmannia disticha (Burmanniaceae) 47 Burmannia pusilla (Burmanniaceae) 47 Burmannia wallichii (Burmanniaceae) 47 Burretiodendron siamense (Tiliaceae) 383 Butea frondosa (Fabaceae) 29, 236 Butea minor (Fabaceae) 236 Butea monosperma (Fabaceae) 236 Butea parviflora (Fabaceae) 236 Butea superba (Fabaceae) 236 Butomopsis lanceolata (Limnocharitaceae) 62 Byttneria andamanensis (Sterculiaceae) 375 Byttneria aspera (see Byttneria grandifolia, Sterculiaceae) 375 Byttneria crenulata (Sterculiaceae) 375 Byttneria grandifolia (Sterculiaceae) 375 Byttneria integrifolia (Sterculiaceae) 375 Byttneria pilosa (Sterculiaceae) 375 Cabomba aquatica (Cabombaceae) 179 Cacalia burmanica (see Vernonia birmanica; Asteraceae) 168 Caesalpinia bonduc (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia bonducella (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia burmanica (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia cinclidocarpa (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia coriaria (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia crista (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia cucullata (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia decapetala (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia digyna (Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia enneaphylla (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia furfuracea (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia grandis (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia hymenocarpa (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia major (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia microphylla (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia microphylla var. robusta (see Caesalpinia microphylla; Caesalpiniaceae) Caesalpinia mimosoides (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia minax (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia minax var. burmanica (see Caesalpinia minax; Caesalpiniaceae) Caesalpinia nuga (see Caesalpinia crista; Caesalpiniaceae) 18] Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Index to Scientific Names 504 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Caesalpinia pulcherrima fa. flava (see Caesalpinia pulcherrima; Caesalpiniaceae) Caesalpinia pulcherrima var. flava (see Caesalpinia pulcherrima; Caesalpiniaceae) Caesalpinia regia (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia sappan (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesalpinia sepiaria (see Caesalpinia decapetala; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Caesalpinia tortuosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Caesulia axillaris (Asteraceae) 160 Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae) 236 Cajanus lineatus (Fabaceae) 236 Cajanus niveus (Fabaceae) 236 Cajanus scarabaeoides (Fabaceae) 236 Caladium bicolor (Araceae) 41 Caladium esculentum (see Colocasia esculenta; Araceae) 41 Caladium esculentum var. euchlora (see Colocasia esculenta; Araceae) Caladium esculentum var. illustris (see Colocasia esculenta; Araceae) Calamintha umbrosa (Lamiaceae) 270 Calamus aggregatus (Arecaceae) 43 Calamus andamanicus (Arecaceae) 43 Calamus arborescens (Arecaceae) 24, 30, 44 Calamus concinnus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus doriaei (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus erectus (Arecaceae) 30, 44 Calamus erectus var. birmanicus (see Calamus erectus; Arecaceae) Calamus feanus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus floribundus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus gregisectus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus guruba (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus helferianus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus hypoleucus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus latifolius (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus leucotes (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus longisetus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus melanacanthus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus myrianthus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus nitidus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus palustris (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus palustris var. cochinchinensis (see Calamus palustris; Arecaceae) Calamus platyspathus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus polydesmus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus polygamus (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus pseudorivalis (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus robertsonianus (Arecaceae) 472 Calamus tenuis (Arecaceae) 44 Calamus viminalis (Arecaceae) 44 Calanthe angusta (see Calanthe odora; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe biloba (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe biloba var. obtusa (see Calanthe biloba; Orchidaceae) Calanthe brevicornu (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe ceciliae (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe clavata (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe foerstermannii (see Calanthe lyroglossa; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe herbacea (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe labrosa (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe lyroglossa (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe masuca (see Calanthe sylvatica; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe odora (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe plantaginea (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe rosea (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe sylvatica (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe trifida (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe triplicata (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe tubifera (see Cephalantheropsis obcordata; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe tumeri (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe tumeri var. nivalis (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) Calanthe veratrifolia (see Calanthe triplicata; Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe vestita (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe vestita var. luteo-oculata (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) Calanthe vestita var. nivalis (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) Calanthe vestita var. turneri (see Calanthe vestita; Orchidaceae) Calanthe wardii (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe whiteana (Orchidaceae) 68 Calanthe yunnanensis (Orchidaceae) 68 Calathea ornata (Marantaceae) 62 Calceolaria mexicana (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Calendula officinalis (Asteraceae) 160 Callerya atropurpurea (Fabaceae) 236 Calliandra calothyrsus (Mimosaceae) 301 Calliandra griffithii (Mimosaceae) 301 Calliandra haematocephala (Mimosaceae) 301 Calliandra kingii (Mimosaceae) 301 Calliandra umbrosa (Mimosaceae) 301 Callicarpa arborea (Verbenaceae) 387 Callicarpa longifolia (Verbenaceae) 387 Callicarpa macrophylla (Verbenaceae) 387 Callicarpa reevesii (Verbenaceae) 387 Callicarpa rubella (Verbenaceae) 387 Callicarpa tomentosa (Verbenaceae) 387 Callistemon citrinus (Myrtaceae) 311 Callistemon lanceolatus (see Callistemon citrinus; Myrtaceae) 311 Callistemon linearis (Myrtaceae) 311 Callistemon viminalis (Myrtaceae) 311 Callistephus chinensis (Asteraceae) 160 Callitriche stagnalis (Callitrichaceae) 185 Callitris endlicheri (Cupressaceae) 33 Callitris glauca (Cupressaceae) 33 Calonyction aculeatum (see Ipomoea alba; Convolvulaceae) 199 Calonyction muricatum (see Ipomoea turbinata; Convolvulaceae) 200 Calophyllum amoenum (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum inophyllum (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum kunstleri (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum parkeri (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum polyanthum (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum soulattri (Hypericaceae) 266 Calophyllum spectabile (Hypericaceae) 267 Calophyllum venustum (Hypericaceae) 267 Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae) 333 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 505 Calycopteris floribunda (see Getonia floribunda; Combretaceae) 195 Calycopteris roxburghii (Combretaceae) 474 Calystegia hederacea (Convolvulaceae) 198 Camellia assimilis (Theaceae) 380 Camellia caudata (Theaceae) 380 Camellia costei (Theaceae) 380 Camellia drupifera (Theaceae) 381 Camellia irrawadiensis (Theaceae) 381 Camellia sinensis (Theaceae) 381 Camellia stenophylla (Theaceae) 381 Camellia wardii (Theaceae) 381 Campanula colorata (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanula khasiana (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanula robertsonii (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanula wallichii (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanumoea celebica (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanumoea javanica (Campanulaceae) 185 Campanumoea parviflora (Campanulaceae) 185 Campsis grandiflora (Bignoniaceae) 173 Campsis radicans (Bignoniaceae) 173 Campylospermum serratum (Ochnaceae) 316 Campylotropis burmanicus (Fabaceae) 236 Campylotropis kingdonii (Fabaceae) 236 Campylotropis luhitensis (Fabaceae) 236 Campylotropis rogersii (Fabaceae) 236 Campylotropis sessilifolia (Fabaceae) 236 Cananga odorata (Annonaceae) 141 Canarium bengalense (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium bennettii (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium coccineo-bracteatum (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium commune (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium euphyllum (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium manii (Burseraceae) 179 Canarium subulatum (Burseraceae) 179 Canavalia ensiformis (Fabaceae) 236 Canavalia gladiata (Fabaceae) 236 Canavalia turgida (Fabaceae) 237 Canavalia virosa (Fabaceae) 237 Canna edulis (see Canna indica; Cannaceae) 48 Canna flaccida (Cannaceae) 48 Canna indica (Cannaceae) 48 Canna x generalis (Cannaceae) 48 Cannabis lupulus (Cannabaceae) 185 Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) 185 Canscora andrographioides (Gentianaceae) 258 Canscora decussata (Gentianaceae) 258 Canscora diffusa (Gentianaceae) 258 Canscora helferiana (Gentianaceae) 258 Canscora parishii (Gentianaceae) 258 Canscora schultesii (Gentianaceae) 258 Cansjera helferiana (Opiliaceae) 321 Cansjera parvifolia (Opiliaceae) 321 Cansjera rheedei (Opiliaceae) 321 Canthium dicoccum (Rubiaceae) 344 Canthium didymum (Rubiaceae) 345 Canthium glabrum (Rubiaceae) 345 Canthium griseum (Rubiaceae) 345 Canthium horridum (Rubiaceae) 345 Canthium parvifolium (Rubiaceae) 345 Canthium umbellatum (Rubiaceae) 345 Capillipedium assimile (Poaceae) 94 Capillipedium glaucopsis (see Capillipedium assimile; Poaceae) 94 Capillipedium huegelii (Poaceae) 95 Capillipedium parviflorum (Poaceae) 95 Capparis ambigua (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis auricans (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis bhamoensis (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis burmanica (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis cataphyllosa (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis cathcarti (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis crassifolia (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis disticha (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis flavicans (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis floribunda (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis gallatlyi (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis glauca (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis grandis (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis hastigera (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis longispina (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis membranifolia (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis micracantha (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis multiflora (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis olacifolia (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis orbiculata (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis polymorpha (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis pumila (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis roydsiaefolia (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis rufidula (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis sabiaefolia (Capparaceae) 186 Capparis sepiaria (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis siamensis (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis spinosa (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis subtenera (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis tenera (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis trinervia (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis versicolor (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis viminea (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis xanthophylla (Capparaceae) 187 Capparis zeylanica (Capparaceae) 187 Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) 373 Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae) 373 Capsicum grossum (Solanaceae) 480 Capsicum minimum (Solanaceae) 480 Carallia brachiata (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Carallia densiflora (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Carallia integerrima (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Carallia lancaefolia (see Carallia brachiata; Rhizophoraceae) 336 Caralluma fimbriata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Caralluma umbellata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cardamine calthifolia (Brassicaceae) 177 Cardamine circaeoides (Brassicaceae) 178 Cardamine flexuosa (Brassicaceae) 178 Cardamine fragariifolia (Brassicaceae) 178 Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) 178 Cardanthera avana (Acanthaceae) 125 Cardanthera griffithii (Acanthaceae) 125 Cardanthera triflora (see Hygrophila difformis; Acanthaceae) 128 Cardiocrinum giganteum (Liliaceae) 61 Cardiocrinum giganteum var. yunnanense (see Cardiocrinum giganteum; Liliaceae) Cardiopteris lobata (see Cardiopteris quinqueloba; Cardiopteridaceae) 189 Cardiopteris quinqueloba (Cardiopteridaceae) 189 Index to Scientific Names 506 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cardiospermum canescens (see Cardiospermum corindum; Sapindaceae) 363 Cardiospermum corindum (Sapindaceae) 363 Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) 363 Carex alopecuroides (Cyperaceae) 50 Carex alta (Cyperaceae) 50 Carex anomocarya (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex arridens (see Carex perakensis; Cyperaceae) 51 Carex atrata (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex baccans (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex breviculmis (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex brunnea (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex callista (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex capillacea (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex condensata (see Carex cruciata; Cyperaceae) 51 Carex continua (see Carex cruciata; Cyperaceae) 51 Carex cruciata (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex filicina (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex finitima (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex fluviatilis (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex fragilis (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex helferi (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex indica (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex indica var. laetebrunnea (see Carex indica; Cyperaceae) Carex insignis (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex jackiana (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex meeboldiana (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex melanostoma (Cyperaceae) 474 Carex morrowii (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex myosurus (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex nemostachys (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex nubigena (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex oedorrhampha (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex pandanophylla (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex paraelonga (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex perakensis (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex phacota (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex polycephala (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex pruinosa (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex psilochloa (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex pterocaulos (Cyperaceae) 51 Carex setigera (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex shanensis (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex stramentitia (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex streptorrhampha (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex tavoyensis (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex thomsoni (Cyperaceae) 52 Carex tumida (see Carex oedorrhampha; Cyperaceae) 51 Careya arborea (Lecythidaceae) 25-26, 281 Careya herbacea (Lecythidaceae) 281 Carica papaya (Caricaceae) 189 Carinta herbacea (Rubiaceae) 345 Carissa carandas (Apocynaceae) 147 Carissa carandas var. congesta (see Carissa carandas; Apocynaceae) Carissa karaunda (Apocynaceae) 472 Carissa macrocarpa (see Carissa spinarum; Apocynaceae) 147 Carissa spinarum (Apocynaceae) 29, 147 Carpesium cernuum (Asteraceae) 160 Carpesium trachelifolium (Asteraceae) 160 Carpinus londoniana (Corylaceae) 202 Carpinus viminea (Corylaceae) 202 Carthamus tinctorius (Asteraceae) 160 Carum carvi (Apiaceae) 145 Carum khasianum (see Trachyspermum khasianum; Apiaceae) 146 Carum roxburghianum (see Trachyspermum roxburghianum; Apiaceae) 146 Caryopteris foetida (Verbenaceae) 388 Caryopteris grata (Verbenaceae) 388 Caryopteris paniculata (Verbenaceae) 388 Caryopteris wallichiana (Verbenaceae) 388 Caryota maxima (Arecaceae) 44 Caryota mitis (Arecaceae) 44 Caryota obtusa (see Caryota maxima; Arecaceae) 44 Caryota urens (Arecaceae) 45 Casearia andamanica (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia canziala (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia esculenta (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia glomerata (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia graveolens (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia kurzii (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia lobbiana (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casearia vareca (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Casimiroa edulis (Rutaceae) 358 Cassia alata (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia angustifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia auriculata (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia bakeriana (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia bicapsularis (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia didymobotrya (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia fistula (Caesalpiniaceae) 26, 182 Cassia glauca (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia glauca var. suffruticosa (see Cassia glauca; Caesalpiniaceae) Cassia grandis (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia hirsuta (see Senna hirsuta; Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Cassia italica (Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Cassia javanica (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia javanica subsp. renigera (see Cassia javanica; Caesalpiniaceae) Cassia laevigata (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia leschenaultiana (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia marginata (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia mimosoides (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia mimosoides var. wallichiana (see Cassia leschenaultiana; Caesalpiniaceae) Cassia multijuga (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia nodosa (see Cassia javanica; Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia obtusa (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia occidentalis (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia pumila (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia renigera (see Cassia javanica; Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia senna (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia siamea (see Senna siamea; Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Cassia sophera (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia spectabilis (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia timoriensis (see Senna timoriensis; Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Cassia tomentosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassia tora (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cassiope dendrotricha (Ericaceae) 214 Cassiope myosuroides (Ericaceae) 215 Cassiope selaginoides (Ericaceae) 215 Cassytha baccifera (see Rhipsalis baccifera; Cactaceae) 179 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 507 Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) 276 Castanea mollissima (Fagaceae) 254 Castanea sativa (Fagaceae) 254 Castanola wallichii (see Agelaea wallichii; Connaraceae) 196 Castanopsis argentea (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis argyrophylla (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis armata (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis birmanica (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis clarkei (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis diversifolia (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis griffithii (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis hystrix (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis indica (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis inermis (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis javanica (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis parishii (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis rhamnifolia (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis sumatrana (see Castanopsis inermis; Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis tribuloides (Fagaceae) 254 Castanopsis tribuloides var. echinocarpa (see Castanopsis tribuloides; Fagaceae) Castanopsis tribuloides var. ferox (see Castanopsis tribuloides; Fagaceae) Castanopsis tribuloides var. longispina (see Castanopsis tribuloides; Fagaceae) Castanopsis wallichii (Fagaceae) 254 Castanospermum australe (Fabaceae) 237 Casuarina equisetifolia (Casuarinaceae) 30, 190 Casuarina junghuhniana (Casuarinaceae) 190 Catharanthus alba (see Catharanthus roseus; Apocynaceae) 147 Catharanthus pusilla (Apocynaceae) 147 Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) 147 Caucalis anthriscus (Apiaceae) 145 Caulokaempfera secunda (Zingiberaceae) 120 Cautleya gracilis (Zingiberaceae) 120 Cautleya lutea (see Cautleya gracilis; Zingiberaceae) 120 Cayratia carnosa (see Cayratia trifolia; Vitaceae) 393 Cayratia elongata (see Cissus elongata; Vitaceae) 393 Cayratia japonica (Vitaceae) 393 Cayratia mollissima (Vitaceae) 393 Cayratia pedata (Vitaceae) 393 Cayratia trifolia (Vitaceae) 393 Cedrela febrifuga (Meliaceae) 295 Cedrela microcarpa (Meliaceae) 295 Cedrela serrata (Meliaceae) 295 Cedrela toona (see Toona ciliata; Meliaceae) 296 Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) 175 Celastrus approximata (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus hindsii (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus hookeri (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus monospermus (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus paniculatus (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus stylosus (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus vaniotii (Celastraceae) 190 Celastrus vaniotii var. laevis (see Celastrus vaniotil; Celastraceae) Celastrus venulosa (Celastraceae) 190 Celosia allmanoides (Amaranthaceae) 137 Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae) 137 Celosia cristata (Amaranthaceae) 137 Celsia coromandeliana (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Celtis australis (Ulmaceae) 385 Celtis cerasifera (Ulmaceae) 385 Celtis cinnamomea (UImaceae) 385 Celtis hamiltonii (Ulmaceae) 385 Celtis mollis (Ulmaceae) 385 Celtis tetrandra (Ulmaceae) 385 Cenchrus prieurii (Poaceae) 95 Cenchrus setigera (Poaceae) 95 Centaurea moschata (Asteraceae) 160 Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) 145 Centipeda minima (Asteraceae) 160 Centipeda orbicularis (see Centipeda minima; Asteraceae) 160 Centotheca lappacea (Poaceae) 95 Centotheca lappacea var. longilamina (see Centotheca lappacea; Poaceae) Centranthera aurata (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centranthera brunoniana (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centranthera grandiflora (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centranthera hispida (see Centranthera indica; Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centranthera humifusa (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centranthera indica (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Centratherum burmanicum (Asteraceae) 160 Centrostachys aquatica (Amaranthaceae) 137 Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Rubiaceae) 345 Cephalandra indica (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cephalanthera pusilla (Orchidaceae) 68 Cephalantheropsis longipes (Orchidaceae) 68 Cephalantheropsis obcordata (Orchidaceae) 68 Cephalanthus naucleoides (Rubiaceae) 345 Cephalanthus occidentalis (Rubiaceae) 345 Cephalocroton discolor (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cephalostachyum burmanicum (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum capitatum (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum flavescens (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum fuchsianum (see Cephalostachyum latifolium; Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum griffithii (see Teinostachyum griffithii; Poaceae) 113 Cephalostachyum latifolium (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum pallidum (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum pergracile (Poaceae) 25, 95 Cephalostachyum scandens (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostachyum virgatum (Poaceae) 95 Cephalostigma paniculatum (Campanulaceae) 185 Cephalotaxus fortunei (Cephalotaxaceae) 33 Cephalotaxus griffithii (Cephalotaxaceae) 33 Cephalotaxus mannii (Cephalotaxaceae) 33 Ceratophyllum demersum (Ceratophyllaceae) 193 Ceratophyllum muricatum (Ceratophyllaceae) 193 Ceratostigma asperrimum (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Ceratostylis pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) 68 Cerbera fruticosa (Apocynaceae) 147 Cerbera manghas (Apocynaceae) 29, 147 Cercestis mirabilis (Araceae) 41 Cereus grandiflorus (see Selenicereus grandiflorus, Cactaceae) 179 Cereus monstrosus (Cactaceae) 474 Cereus pterogonus (Cactaceae) 474 Ceriops candolleana (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Ceriops roxburghiana (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Ceriops tagal (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Ceropegia arnottiana (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia attenuata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Index to Scientific Names 508 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ceropegia elegans (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia farrokhii (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia kachinensis (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia longifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia lucida (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia nana (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia pubescens (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Ceropegia trichantha (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cestrum aurantiacum (Solanaceae) 373 Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) 373 Cestrum rustica (Solanaceae) 480 Chaenomeles lagenaria (Rosaceae) 336 Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Chaetoseris hastata (Asteraceae) 160 Chailletia longipetala (see Dichapetalum longipetalum; Dichapetalaceae) 206 Chamaecladon truncatum (Araceae) 41 Chamaecyparis pisifera (Cupressaceae) 33 Chamaerops khasyana (see Trachycarpus khasianus; Arecaceae) 47 Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae) 320 Champereia griffithiana (see Champereia manillana; Opiliaceae) 321 Champereia manillana (Opiliaceae) 321 Chassalia chartacea (Rubiaceae) 345 Cheirostylis griffithii (Orchidaceae) 69 Cheirostylis malleifera (Orchidaceae) 69 Cheirostylis montana (Orchidaceae) 69 Cheirostylis pubescens (Orchidaceae) 69 Cheirostylis yunnanensis (Orchidaceae) 69 Chelone barbata (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae) 193 Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiaceae) 193 Chilocarpus atroviridis (Apocynaceae) 147 Chilocarpus costatus (Apocynaceae) 147 Chiloschista lunifera (Orchidaceae) 69 Chiloschista parishii (Orchidaceae) 69 Chimonobambusa armata (Poaceae) 95 Chimonobambusa gallatlyi (see Chimonocalamus gallatlyi; Poaceae) 95 Chimonobambusa khasiana (see Drepanostachyum khasianum; Poaceae) 99 Chimonocalamus burmaensis (Poaceae) 95 Chimonocalamus callosus (Poaceae) 95 Chimonocalamus gallatlyi (Poaceae) 95 Chimonocalamus griffithianus (Poaceae) 95 Chionachne koenigii (Poaceae) 95 Chionachne semiteris (Poaceae) 95 Chionanthus decipiens (Oleaceae) 317 Chionanthus macrocarpus (Oleaceae) 317 Chionanthus ramiflora (Oleaceae) 317 Chirita acuminata (see Chirita oblongifolia; Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita adenocalyx (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita anachoreta (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita calva (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita hamosa (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita heterostigma (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita insignis (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita lacei (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita lachenensis (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita longipedicellata (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita macrophylla (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita oblongifolia (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita peduncularis (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita pumila (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita reptans (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita speciosa (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chirita urticifolia (Gesneriaceae) 262 Chisocheton divergens (Meliaceae) 295 Chisocheton dysoxylifolius (Meliaceae) 295 Chisocheton grandiflorus (Meliaceae) 295 Chisocheton paniculatus (Meliaceae) 295 Chloranthus elatior (Chloranthaceae) 193 Chloranthus glabra (Chloranthaceae) 193 Chloranthus insignis (Chloranthaceae) 193 Chloranthus nervosus (Chloranthaceae) 193 Chloranthus officinalis (Chloranthaceae) 193 Chloris barbata (Poaceae) 95 Chloris burmensis (Poaceae) 95 Chloris delicatula (see Gymnopogon delicatulus; Poaceae) 103 Chloris dolichostachya (see Eustachys distichophylla; Poaceae) 102 Chloris gayana (Poaceae) 95 Chloris inflata (see Chloris barbata; Poaceae) 95 Chloris polystachya (see Chloris roxburghiana; Poaceae) 96 Chloris pycnothrix (Poaceae) 95 Chloris roxburghiana (Poaceae) 96 Chloris virgata (Poaceae) 96 Chlorophytum arundinaceum (Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum capense (Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum comosum (Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum khasianum (see Chlorophytum nepalense; Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum nepalense (Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum orchidastrum (Anthericaceae) 39 Chlorophytum tuberosum (Anthericaceae) 39 Chonemorpha griffithii (Apocynaceae) 148 Chonemorpha rottleri (Apocynaceae) 472 Chonemorpha verrucosa (Apocynaceae) 148 Christisonia rodgeri (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Chroesthes lanceolata (Acanthaceae) 125 Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) 160 Chrozophora plicata (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (see Dypsis lutescens; Arecaceae) 45 Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium (see Tanacetum cinerariifolium; Asteraceae) 167 Chrysanthemum frutescens (see Argyranthemum frutescens; Asteraceae) 158 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (see Leucanthemum maximum; Asteraceae) 165 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. maximum (see Leucanthemum maximum; Asteraceae) Chrysanthemum roxburghii (Asteraceae) 160 Chrysanthemum tricolor (see Ismelia versicolor; Asteraceae) 164 Chrysophyllum cainito (Sapotaceae) 364 Chrysophyllum roxburghii (Sapotaceae) 364 Chrysopogon aciculatus (Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon distichophyllus (Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon fulvus (Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon montanus (see Chrysopogon fulvus; Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon montanus var. trinti (see Chrysopogon fulvus; Poaceae) Chrysopogon orientalis (Poaceae) 96 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 509 Chrysopogon polyphyllus (Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon zeylanicus (Poaceae) 96 Chrysopogon zizanioides (Poaceae) 96 Chrysosplenium davidianum (Saxifragaceae) 366 Chrysosplenium delavayi (Saxifragaceae) 366 Chrysosplenium forestii (Saxifragaceae) 366 Chrysosplenium griffithii (Saxifragaceae) 366 Chrysosplenium nepalense (Saxifragaceae) 366 Chukrasia tabularis (Meliaceae) 295 Chukrasia velutina (Meliaceae) 295 Chusua donii (Orchidaceae) 69 Cicca acida (see Phyllanthus acidus; Euphorbiaceae) 233 Cicer arietinum (Fabaceae) 237 Cichorium endivia (Asteraceae) 160 Cichorium intybus (Asteraceae) 160 Cimicifuga dahurica (Ranunculaceae) 333 Cimicifuga foetida (Ranunculaceae) 333 Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) 345 Cinchona succirubra (Rubiaceae) 345 Cinnamomum aubletii (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum bamoense (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum bejolghota (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum birmanicum (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum caudatum (see Neocinnamomum caudatum; Lauraceae) 280 Cinnamomum cecidodaphne (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum cupulatum (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum ellipticifolium (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum glanduliferum (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum glauciphyllum (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum helferii (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum hkinlumense (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum impressinervium (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum iners (see Cinnamomum pachyphyllum, Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum inunctum (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum kingdon-wardii (Lauraceae) 276 Cinnamomum lucens (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum macrocarpum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum multiflorum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum nalangway (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum nitidum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum pachyphyllum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum pauciflorum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum rougierii (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum sulphuratum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum tavoyanum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum verum (Lauraceae) 277 Cinnamomum zeylanicum (see Cinnamomum verum; Lauraceae) 277 Cipadessa baccifera (Meliaceae) 295 Circaea alpina (Onagraceae) 320 Circaea alpina subsp. micrantha (see Circaea alpina; Onagraceae) Cirrhopetalum blepharistes (see Bulbophyllum blepharistes; Orchidaceae) 65 Cirrhopetalum collettii (see Bulbophyllum wendlandianum; Orchidaceae) 68 Cirrhopetalum compactum (see Bulbophyllum purpurascens; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum gamosepalum (see Bulbophyllum lepidum; Orchidaceae) 66 Cirrhopetalum grandiflorum (see Bulbophyllum wightii; Orchidaceae) 68 Cirrhopetalum guttulatum (see Bulbophyllum guttulatum; Orchidaceae) 66 Cirrhopetalum lasiochilum (see Bulbophyllum lasiochilum; Orchidaceae) 66 Cirrhopetalum merguense (see Bulbophyllum lineatum; Orchidaceae) 66 Cirrhopetalum ochraceum (see Bulbophyllum serratotruncatum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum omatissimum (see Bulbophyllum ornatissimum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum picturatum (see Bulbophyllum picturatum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum pumilio (see Bulbophyllum pumilio; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum refractum (see Bulbophyllum refractum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum retusiusculum (see Bulbophyllum retusiusculum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum simillimum (see Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum taeniophyllum (see Bulbophyllum taeniophyllum; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirrhopetalum tripudians (see Bulbophyllum tripudians; Orchidaceae) 67 Cirsium chinense (Asteraceae) 160 Cirsium eriophoroides (Asteraceae) 160 Cirsium involucratum (Asteraceae) 160 Cissampelopsis corifolia (Asteraceae) 160 Cissampelopsis volubilis (Asteraceae) 160 Cissampelopsis walkeri (Asteraceae) 160 Cissampelos pareira (Menispermaceae) 297 Cissus adnata (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus assamica (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus aubertiana (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus discolor (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus elongata (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus javana (see Cissus discolor; Vitaceae) 393 Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus repanda (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus repens (Vitaceae) 393 Cissus vitiginea (Vitaceae) 393 Citharexylum subserratum (Verbenaceae) 388 Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Citrus aurantiifolia (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus aurantium (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus grandis (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus limettioides (see Citrus aurantiifolia; Rutaceae) 358 Citrus limon (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus maxima (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus medica (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus medica var. lumia (see Citrus medica; Rutaceae) Citrus mitis (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) 358 Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) 358 Claoxylon indicum (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Claoxylon leucocarpum (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Claoxylon longipetiolatum (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Index to Scientific Names 510 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Claoxylon molle (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Clarkia elegans (see Clarkia pulchella; Onagraceae) 320 Clarkia pulchella (Onagraceae) 320 Clausena dentata (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena excavata (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena excavata var. villosa (see Clausena excavata; Rutaceae) Clausena heptaphylla (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena macrophylla (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena suffruticosa (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena wallichii (Rutaceae) 358 Clausena willdenowii (see Clausena dentata; Rutaceae) 358 Cleidiocarpon laurinum (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleidion bishnui (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleidion spiciflorum (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleisocentron collettianum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisomeria lanata (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma appendiculatum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma aspersum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma bipunctatum (see Trichoglottis bipunctata; Orchidaceae) 89 Cleisostoma birmanicum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma crassifolium (Orchidaceae) 478 Cleisostoma filiforme (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma parishii (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma racemiferum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma ramosum (see Staurochilus ramosus; Orchidaceae) 88 Cleisostoma rolfeanum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma rostratum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma secundum (see Micropera secunda; Orchidaceae) 83 Cleisostoma simondii (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma subulatum (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleisostoma wendlandorum (see Pomatocalpa spicata; Orchidaceae) 87 Cleisostoma williamsonii (Orchidaceae) 69 Cleistanthus chartaceus (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus lancifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus meeboldii (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus myrianthus (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus papyraceus (Euphorbiaceae) 226 Cleistanthus stenophyllus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Cleistocalyx nervosum (Myrtaceae) 311 Cleistocalyx operculatus (see Cleistocalyx nervosum; Myrtaceae) 311 Clematis acuminata (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis buchananiana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis burmanica (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis cadmia (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis chrysocoma (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis craibiana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis fasciculiflora (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis gouriana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis grata (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis grewiaefolia (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis grossa (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis henryi (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis hothae (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis kerriana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis meyeniana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis montana (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis napaulensis (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis nutans (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis pensylvanicus (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis puberula (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis roylei (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis sceleratus (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis siamensis (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis smilacifolia (Ranunculaceae) 333 Clematis subumbellata (Ranunculaceae) 334 Clematis wattii (Ranunculaceae) 334 Cleome burmanii (Capparaceae) 187 Cleome chelidonii (Capparaceae) 187 Cleome heptaphylla (Capparaceae) 187 Cleome spinosa (Capparaceae) 187 Cleome viscosa (Capparaceae) 187 Clerodendrum affine (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum bracteatum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum calamitosum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum colebrookianum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum densiflorum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum fischeri (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum griffithianum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum indicum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum inerme (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum japonicum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum lasiocephalum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum macrosiphon (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum macrostachyum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum neriifolium (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum nutans (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum paniculatum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum penduliflorum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum petasites (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum philippinum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum phlomides (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum semiserratum (Verbenaceae) 388 Clerodendrum serratum (Verbenaceae) 389 Clerodendrum serratum var. wallichii (see Clerodendrum serratum; Verbenaceae) Clerodendrum squamatum (Verbenaceae) 389 Clerodendrum thomsonae (Verbenaceae) 389 Clerodendrum venosum (Verbenaceae) 389 Clerodendrum villosum (Verbenaceae) 389 Clerodendrum viscosum (Verbenaceae) 389 Clethra delavayi (Clethraceae) 194 Cleyera ochnacea (Theaceae) 381 Clinogyne dichotoma (see Schumannianthus dichotomus; Marantaceae) 62 Clinogyne grandis (see Donax grandis; Marantaceae) 62 Clintonia alpinia (Convallariaceae) 49 Clitoria macrophylla (Fabaceae) 237 Clitoria mariana (Fabaceae) 237 Clitoria ternatea (Fabaceae) 237 Cnesmone javanica (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Cnestis palala (Connaraceae) 196 Cnestis ramiflora (Connaraceae) 196 Cnicus eriophoroides (Asteraceae) 160 Cnicus sinensis (see Cirsium chinense; Asteraceae) 160 Coccinia grandis (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Coccoceras plicatum (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Coccoloba uvifera (Polygonaceae) 327 Cocculus glaucescens (Menispermaceae) 297 Cocculus hirsutus (Menispermaceae) 297 Cocculus laurifolius (Menispermaceae) 297 Cocculus linnaeanus (Menispermaceae) 297 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 511 Cocculus macrocarpus (Menispermaceae) 297 Cocculus nudiflorus (Menispermaceae) 297 Cochlospermum religiosum (Cochlospermaceae) 194 Cocos nucifera (Arecaceae) 45 Cocos plumosa (see Syagrus romanzoffiana; Arecaceae) 46 Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Codonacanthus pauciflorus (Acanthaceae) 126 Codonopsis benthamii (Campanulaceae) 185 Codonopsis chimiliensis (Campanulaceae) 185 Codonopsis convolvulacea (Campanulaceae) 185 Codonopsis farreri (Campanulaceae) 185 Coelachne brachiata (Poaceae) 96 Coelachne pulchella (Poaceae) 96 Coelachne simpliciuscula (Poaceae) 96 Coelodiscus glabriusculus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Coelodiscus hirsutulus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Coelodiscus lappaceus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Coelodiscus longipes (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Coelogyne advena (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne barbata (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne birmanica (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne brachyptera (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne calcicola (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne corrugata (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne corymbosa (Orchidaceae) 69 Coelogyne cristata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne cycnoches (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne ecarinata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne elata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne fimbriata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne flaccida (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne flavida (see Coelogyne prolifera; Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne fuliginosa (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne fuscescens (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne fuscescens var. brunnea (see Coelogyne fuscescens; Orchidaceae) Coelogyne graminifolia (see Coelogyne viscosa; Orchidaceae) 71 Coelogyne holochila (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne huettneriana (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne lactea (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne lentiginosa (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne leucantha (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne longipes (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne maculata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne maculata var. anthurina (see Coelogyne maculata; Orchidaceae) Coelogyne massangeana (see Coelogyne tomentosa, Orchidaceae) 71 Coelogyne micrantha (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne nitida (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne occulata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne ochracea (see Coelogyne nitida; Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne ochracea var. conferta (see Coelogyne nitida; Orchidaceae) Coelogyne ovalis (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne parishii (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne picta (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne prolifera (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne punctulata (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne rigida (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne rossiana (see Coelogyne huettneriana; Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne sanderae (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne schilleriana (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne schultesii (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne scopulorum (Orchidaceae) 478 Coelogyne speciosa (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne tenasserimensis (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne testacea (Orchidaceae) 70 Coelogyne tomentosa (Orchidaceae) 71 Coelogyne trinervis (Orchidaceae) 71 Coelogyne uniflora (Orchidaceae) 478 Coelogyne ustulata (Orchidaceae) 71 Coelogyne viscosa (Orchidaceae) 71 Coelorachis glandulosa (see Mnesithea glandulosa; Poaceae) 106 Coelorachis khasiana (see Mnesithea khasiana; Poaceae) 106 Coelorachis striata (see Mnesithea striata; Poaceae) 107 Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea bengalensis (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea canephora (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea fragrans (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea jenkinsii (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea khasiana (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea liberica (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea merguensis (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea robusta (Rubiaceae) 345 Coffea tetrandra (Rubiaceae) 345 Coix aquatica (Poaceae) 96 Coix gigantea (Poaceae) 96 Coix koenigii (see Chionachne koenigii; Poaceae) 95 Coix lacryma-jobi (Poaceae) 96 Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (see Coix lacryma-jobi; Poaceae) Coix lacryma-jobi var. monilifer (see Coix lacryma-jobi; Poaceae) Coix lacryma-jobi var. stenocarpa (see Coix stenocarpa; Poaceae) Coix ma-yuen (see Coix lacryma-jobi; Poaceae) 96 Coix puellarum (Poaceae) 96 Coix stenocarpa (Poaceae) 96 Colchicum autumnale (Colchicaceae) 48 Coldenia procumbens (Boraginaceae) 175 Colebrookea oppositifolia (Lamiaceae) 270 Coleus aromaticus (Lamiaceae) 270 Coleus blumei (Lamiaceae) 270 Coleus parviflorus (Lamiaceae) 270 Colocasia affinis (Araceae) 41 Colocasia esculenta (Araceae) 41 Colocasia esculenta var. euchlora (see Colocasia esculenta; Araceae) Colocasia gigantea (Araceae) 41 Colona flagrocarpa (Tiliaceae) 383 Colona floribunda (Tiliaceae) 383 Colona merguensis (Tiliaceae) 383 Colquhounia coccinea (Lamiaceae) 270 Colquhounia elegans (Lamiaceae) 270 Colquhounia elegans var. tenuiflora (see Colquhounia elegans; Lamiaceae) Colubrina asiatica (Rhamnaceae) 335 Colubrina pubescens (Rhamnaceae) 335 Columbia floribunda (see Colona floribunda; Tiliaceae) 383 Columbia merguensis (see Colona merguensis; Tiliaceae) 383 Colvillea racemosa (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Comastoma stellariifolium (Gentianaceae) 258 Combretum acuminatum (Combretaceae) 194 Index to Scientific Names 512 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Combretum apetalum (Combretaceae) 31, 194 Combretum aureum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum chinensis (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum coccineum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum dasystachyum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum decandrum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum deciduum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum extensum (see Combretum latifolium; Combretaceae) 194 Combretum flagrocarpum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum indicum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum kachinense (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum latifolium (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum mokimii (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum nanum (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum ovale (Combretaceae) 194 Combretum pilosum (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum pyrifolium (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum quadrangulare (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum squamosum (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum tetragonocarpum (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum trifoliatum (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum wallichii (Combretaceae) 195 Combretum wallichii var. deciduum (see Combretum wallichii; Combretaceae) Commelina benghalensis (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina communis (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina cucullata (see Commelina benghalensis; Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina diffusa (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina paludosa (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina petersii (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina salicifolia (Commelinaceae) 48 Commelina thwaitesii (Commelinaceae) 48 Congea griffithiana (Verbenaceae) 389 Congea tomentosa (Verbenaceae) 389 Congea tuberosa (Verbenaceae) 389 Congea velutina (Verbenaceae) 389 Congea vestita (Verbenaceae) 389 Congea villosa (Verbenaceae) 389 Connarus gibbosus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus grandis (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus griffithii (see Connarus semidecandrus; Connaraceae) 196 Connarus latifolius (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus monocarpus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus oligophyllus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus paniculatus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus semidecandrus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus stictophyllus (Connaraceae) 196 Connarus yunnanensis (Connaraceae) 196 Conocephalus suaveolens (see Poikilospermum suaveolens; Cecropiaceae) 190 Convallaria majalis (Convallariaceae) 49 Convolvulus arvensis (Convolvulaceae) 198 Convolvulus obtectus (see Argyreia mollis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Convolvulus parviflorus (see Jacquemontia paniculata; Convolvulaceae) 200 Convolvulus sinuatodentatus (Convolvulaceae) 198 Conyza aegyptiaca (Asteraceae) 160 Conyza burmeana (Asteraceae) 160 Conyza japonica (Asteraceae) 160 Conyza semipinnatifida (Asteraceae) 160 Conyza spinellosa (Asteraceae) 161] Conyza stricta (Asteraceae) 161 Conyza sumatrensis (Asteraceae) 161 Conyza viscidula (Asteraceae) 161 Coptis teeta (Ranunculaceae) 334 Coptosapelta flavescens (Rubiaceae) 345 Corallobotrys acuminata (Ericaceae) 215 Corallodiscus lanuginosus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Corchorus aestuans (Tiliaceae) 383 Corchorus capsularis (Tiliaceae) 383 Corchorus fascicularis (Tiliaceae) 383 Corchorus olitorius (Tiliaceae) 383 Corchorus trilocularis (see Corchorus olitorius; Tiliaceae) 383 Corchorus urticifolius (Tiliaceae) 383 Cordia brunnea (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia clarkii (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia dichotoma (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia fragrantissima (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia gharaf (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia globifera (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia grandis (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia mhaya (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia monoica (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia myxa (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia subcordata (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordia wallichii (Boraginaceae) 176 Cordyline fruticosa (Agavaceae) 37 Coreopsis grandiflorus (Asteraceae) 161 Coreopsis maritima (Asteraceae) 161 Coreopsis tinctoria (Asteraceae) 161 Coriandrum sativum (Apiaceae) 145 Coriaria nepalensis (Coriariaceae) 201 Cornus capitata (Cornaceae) 201 Cornus chinensis (Cornaceae) 202 Cornus controversa (Cornaceae) 202 Cornus oblonga (Cornaceae) 202 Cornus suecica (Cornaceae) 202 Corydalis aconitiflora (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis birmanica (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis borii (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis cashmeriana (Papaveraceae) 479 Corydalis curviflora (Papaveraceae) 479 Corydalis dulongjianensis (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis enantiophylla (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis farreri (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis flaccida (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis gracillima (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis leptocarpa (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis leptophylla (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis lopinensis (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis mayae (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis saltatoria (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis trifoliata (Papaveraceae) 322 Corydalis yunnanensis (Papaveraceae) 322 Corylopsis manipurensis (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Corylus ferox (Corylaceae) 202 Corylus ferox var. thibetica (see Corylus ferox; Corylaceae) Corymborkis veratrifolia (Orchidaceae) 71 Corypha gebanga (see Corypha utan; Arecaceae) 45 Corypha griffithiana (Arecaceae) 45 Corypha jutan (see Corypha utan; Arecaceae) 45 Corypha macropoda (Arecaceae) 45 Corypha martiana (Arecaceae) 45 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 513 Corypha umbraculifera (Arecaceae) 45 Corypha utan (Arecaceae) 45 Cosmos bipinnatus (Asteraceae) 161 Cosmos caudatus (Asteraceae) 161] Cosmos sulphureus (Asteraceae) 161 Costus lacerus (Costaceae) 50 Costus speciosus (Costaceae) 50 Cotoneaster burmanicus (Rosaceae) 336 Cotoneaster farreri (Rosaceae) 337 Cotoneaster microphyllus (Rosaceae) 337 Cotoneaster rotundifolia (Rosaceae) 337 Cotoneaster rubens (Rosaceae) 337 Cotoneaster simonsii (Rosaceae) 337 Cotoneaster verruculosa (Rosaceae) 337 Cotula hemisphaerica (Asteraceae) 161 Cotylanthera caerulea (Gentianaceae) 258 Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae) 281 Cousinia prolifera (Asteraceae) 161 Craibiodendron henryi (Ericaceae) 215 Craibiodendron shanicum (see Craibiodendron stellatum; Ericaceae) 215 Craibiodendron stellatum (Ericaceae) 215 Craibiodendron yunnanense (Ericaceae) 215 Craniotome versicolor (Lamiaceae) 270 Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) 161 Crassula deltoidea (Crassulaceae) 202 Crassula nemorosa (Crassulaceae) 202 Crassula trifidum (Crassulaceae) 202 Crateva hygrophila (Capparaceae) 187 Crateva lophosperma (Capparaceae) 187 Crateva magna (Capparaceae) 187 Crateva nurvala (see Crateva magna; Capparaceae) 187 Crateva religiosa (Capparaceae) 187 Cratoxylum arborescens (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum carneum (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum formosum (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum ligustrinum (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum neriifolium (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum polyanthum (Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum pruniflorum (Hypericaceae) 26, 267 Cratoxylum prunifolium (see Cratoxylum pruniflorum; Hypericaceae) 267 Cratoxylum uralum (Hypericaceae) 267 Crawfurdia angustata (Gentianaceae) 258 Crawfurdia bulleyana (Gentianaceae) 258 Crawfurdia dimidiata (Gentianaceae) 259 Crawfurdia helenae (Gentianaceac) 475 Crawfurdia trailiana (see Crawfurdia angustata; Gentianaceae) 258 Cremanthodium acernuum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium atrocapitatum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium campanulatum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium citriflorum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium delavayi (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium farreri (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium gracillimum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium pulchrum (Asteraceae) 161 Cremanthodium wardii (Asteraceae) 161 Crepis acaulis (see Launaea acaulis; Asteraceae) 164 Crepis chloroclada (Asteraceae) 161 Crepis japonica (see Youngia japonica; Asteraceae) 168 Crepis silhetensis (Asteraceae) 161 Crepis subscaposa (Asteraceae) 161 Crinum amoenum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum asiaticum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum defixum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum ensifolium (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum erythrophyllum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum giganteum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum latifolium (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum lorifolium (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum pratense (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum stenophyllum (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crinum wattii (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Crocus sativus (Iridaceae) 60 Crossandra undulaefolia (Acanthaceae) 126 Crotalaria acicularis (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria alata (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria albida (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria assamica (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria bialata (see Crotalaria alata; Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria bracteata (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria burhia (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria burmanica (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria calycina (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria capitata (see Crotalaria khasiana; Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria chinensis (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria collettii (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria dubia (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria ferruginea (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria filiformis (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria khasiana (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria kurzii (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria linifolia (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria macrophylla (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria medicaginea (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria neriifolia (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria orixensis (Fabaceae) 237 Crotalaria peguana (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria perpusilla (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria psoralioides (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria quinquefolia (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria retusa (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria sericea (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria sessiliflora (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria shanica (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria stocksii (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria striata (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria tetragona (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria usaramoensis (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria venusta (Fabaceae) 238 Crotalaria verrucosa (Fabaceae) 238 Croton argyratus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton birmanicus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton calderi (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton calococcus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton caudatus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton chlorocalyx (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton erythrostachys (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton flocculosus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton joufra (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton meeboldianus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton oblongifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton rhodostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton robustus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton roxburghianus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton sublyratus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Index to Scientific Names 514 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton tomentosus (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Croton wallichii (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Cruddasia insignis (Fabaceae) 238 Crudia mansoni (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Crypteronia paniculata (Crypteroniaceae) 203 Crypteronia pubescens (Crypteroniaceae) 203 Crypteronia wallichii (Crypteroniaceae) 203 Cryptocarya amygdalina (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocarya ferrea (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocarya griffithiana (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocarya kurzii (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocarya pustulata (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocarya rubiginosa (Lauraceae) 277 Cryptocoryne albida (Araceae) 41 Cryptocoryne burmensis (Araceae) 41 Cryptocoryne ciliata (Araceae) 41 Cryptocoryne cruddasiana (Araceae) 41 Cryptocoryne retrospiralis (Araceae) 41 Cryptocoryne spiralis (Araceae) 472 Cryptolepis buchanani (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cryptolepis elegans (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cryptomeria japonica (Taxodiaceae) 35 Cucumis hystrix (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cucumis melo (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis (see Cucumis melo; Cucurbitaceae) Cucumis melo var. momordica (see Cucumis melo; Cucurbitaceae) Cucumis melo var. utilissima (see Cucumis melo; Cucurbitaceae) Cucumis moschata (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cucumis muriculatus (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae) 203 Cucumis trigonus (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Cucurbita moschata (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Cucurbita ovifera (see Cucurbita pepo; Cucurbitaceae) 204 Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Cucurbita pepo var, ovifera (see Cucurbita pepo; Cucurbitaceae) Cudrania fruticosa (Moraceae) 303 Cudrania javensis (see Maclura cochinchinensis; Moraceae) 306 Cudrania pubescens (Moraceae) 303 Cuminum cyminum (Apiaceae) 145 Cupania adenophylla (see Arytera littoralis; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania fuscidula (see Guioa diplopetala; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania glabrata (see Xerospermum noronhianum; Sapindaceae) 364 Cupania griffithiana (see Guioa pleuropteris; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania helferi (see Mischocarpus pentapetalus; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania lessertiana (see Mischocarpus sundaicus; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania regularis (see Guioa diplopetala; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupania sumatrana (see Mischocarpus pentapetalus; Sapindaceae) 363 Cupressus arizonica (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus funebris (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus goveniana (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus goveniana var. knightiana (see Cupressus goveniana; Cupressaceae) Cupressus lusitanica (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus macrocarpa (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus sempervirens (Cupressaceae) 33 Cupressus torulosa (Cupressaceae) 33 Curculigo capitulata (see Molineria capitulata; Hypoxidaceae) 60 Curculigo orchioides (Hypoxidaceae) 60 Curcuma aeruginosa (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma amada (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma angustifolia (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma aromatica (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma attenuata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma coerulea (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma comosa (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma elata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma ferruginea (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma grandiflora (Zingiberaceae) 481 Curcuma kunstleri (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma neilgherrensis (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma oligantha (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma ornata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma parviflora (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma parvula (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma pecticulata (Zingiberaceae) 481 Curcuma petiolata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma plicata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma reclinata (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma roscoeana (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma rubescens (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma sessilis (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma strobilifera (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae) 120 Curcumorpha longiflora (Zingiberaceae) 121 Cuscuta capillaris (Convolvulaceae) 198 Cuscuta reflexa (Convolvulaceae) 198 Cyamopsis tetragonloba (Fabaceae) 238 Cyananthus inflatus (Campanulaceae) 185 Cyananthus insignis (Campanulaceae) 185 Cyananthus lobatus (Campanulaceae) 185 Cyanotis axillaris (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanotis barbata (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanotis cristata (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanotis cucullata (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanotis thwaitesii (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanotis vaga (Commelinaceae) 48 Cyanthillium cinereum (Asteraceae) 161 Cyanthillium patulum (Asteraceae) 161 Cyathocalyx martabanicus (Annonaceae) 141 Cyathocalyx uniflorus (Annonaceae) 141 Cyathocalyx zeylanicus (Annonaceae) 141 Cyathocline birmanica (Asteraceae) 161 Cyathocline lyrata (Asteraceae) 161 Cyathula prostrata (Amaranthaceae) 137 Cyathula tomentosa (Amaranthaceae) 137 Cycas circinalis (Cycadaceae) 34 Cycas pectinata (Cycadaceae) 34 Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) 34 Cycas rumphii (Cycadaceae) 34 Cyceas siamensis (Cycadaceae) 27, 34 Cyclamen africanum (Primulaceae) 329 Cyclamen neapolitanum (Primulaceae) 329 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 515 Cyclamen persicum (Primulaceae) 329 Cyclea arnottii (Menispermaceae) 297 Cyclea bicristata (Menispermaceae) 297 Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae) 297 Cyclea wallichii (Menispermaceae) 297 Cyclostemon helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Cyclostemon subsessilis (Euphorbiaceae) 227 Cydista aequinoctialis (Bignoniaceae) 173 Cydonia cathayensis (Rosaceae) 337 Cylista scarisoa (Fabaceae) 238 Cymaria dichotoma (Lamiaceae) 270 Cymaria elongata (Lamiaceae) 271 Cymbidium aloifolium (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium bicolor (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium bicolor subsp. obtusum (see Cymbidium bicolor; Orchidaceae) Cymbidium cochleare (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium cyperifolium (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium cyperifolium subsp. indochinense (see Cymbidium cyperifolium; Orchidaceae) Cymbidium dayanum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium devonianum (Orchidaceae) 71] Cymbidium eburneum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium elegans (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium erythraceum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium hennisianum (see Cymbidium erythraceum; Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium hookerianum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium iansonii (see Cymbidium lowianum; Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium iridioides (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium lancifolium (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium lowianum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium lowianum var. iansonii (see Cymbidium lowianum; Orchidaceae) Cymbidium macrorhizon (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium parishii (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium pendulum (see Cymbidium aloifolium; Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium simulans (see Cymbidium aloifolium; Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium tigrinum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbidium tracyanum (Orchidaceae) 71 Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon clandestinus (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon coloratus (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon flexuosus (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon gidarba (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon gidarba var. burmanicus (see Cymbopogon gidarba; Poaceae) Cymbopogon khasianus (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon martinii (Poaceae) 96 Cymbopogon microstachys (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon nardus (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon nervatus (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon pendulus (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon polyneuros (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon schoenanthus (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon traninhensis (Poaceae) 97 Cymbopogon virgatus (Poaceae) 97 Cymodocea rotundata (Cymodoceaceae) 50 Cymodocea serrulata (Cymodoceaceae) 50 Cynanchum callialata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cynanchum corymbosum (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cynanchum megalanthum (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Cynara cardunculus (Asteraceae) 162 Cynodon arcuatus (Poaceae) 97 Cynodon dactylon (Poaceae) 97 Cynodon dactylon var. intermedius (see Cynodon arcuatus; Poaceae) Cynoglossum amabile (Boraginaceae) 176 Cynoglossum furcatum (Boraginaceae) 176 Cynoglossum glochidiatum (Boraginaceae) 176 Cynoglossum micranthum (Boraginaceae) 176 Cynoglossum zealanica (Boraginaceae) 176 Cynometra cauliflora (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cynometra craibii (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cynometra ramiflora (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Cyperorchis cochlearis (see Cymbidium cochleare; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis eburnea (see Cymbidium eburneum; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis elegans (see Cymbidium elegans; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis fowlerae (Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis gigantea (see Cymbidium iridioides; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis lowiana (see Cymbidium lowianum; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperorchis parishii (see Cymbidium parishii; Orchidaceae) 71 Cyperus albomarginatus (see Cyperus flavicomis; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus alternifolius (see Cyperus imbricatus; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus amabilis (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus arenarius (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus aristatus (see Cyperus glaber; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus bulbosus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus clarkei (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus compactus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus compressus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus corymbosus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus cuspidatus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus cyperoides (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus difformis (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus diffusus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus diffusus var. macrostachyus (see Cyperus diffusus; Cyperaceae) Cyperus digitatus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus distans (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus dregeanus (see Cyperus pulcher; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus dubius (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus elegans (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus eleusinoides (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus esculentus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus exaltatus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus ferax (see Cyperus subulatus; Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus flavicomis (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus flavicomus (see Cyperus flavicomis; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus flavidus (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus glaber (Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus globosus (see Cyperus flavidus; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus haematodes (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus haspan (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus helferi (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus hyalinus (Cyperaceae) 53 Index to Scientific Names 516 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Cyperus imbricatus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus inundatus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus iria (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus latespicatus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus leucocephalus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus macer (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus malaccensis (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus michelianus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus microcephalus (see Cyperus compactus; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus moestus (see Cyperus diffusus; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus multispicatus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus nitens (see Cyperus hyalinus; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus niveus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus nutans (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus oatesii (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus odoratus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pangorei (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus paniceus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pennatus (see Cyperus odoratus; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pilosus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pilosus var. fimbriatus (see Cyperus pilosus; Cyperaceae) Cyperus platystylis (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus polystachyos (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pubisquama (see Cyperus diffusus; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus pulcher (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pumilus (see Cyperus hyalinus; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus pygmaeus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus radians (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus sanguinolentus (Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus scariosus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus setaceus (see Isolepis setacea; Cyperaceae) 55 Cyperus sieberianus (see Cyperus cyperoides; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus silletensis (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus squarrosus (see Cyperus glaber; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus stramineus (see Cyperus substramineus; Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus substramineus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus subulatus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus sulcinux (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus tegetum (see Cyperus pangorei; Cyperaceae) 53 Cyperus trialtus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus turgidulus (see Cyperus trialtus; Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus umbellatus (see Cyperus exaltatus; Cyperaceae) 52 Cyperus umbricatus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus uncinatus (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyperus unioloides (Cyperaceae) 54 Cyphomandra betacea (see Solanum betaceum; Solanaceae) 374 Cyphostemma auriculata (Vitaceae) 393 Cypripedium kimballianum (Orchidaceae) Cypripedium lichiangense (Orchidaceae) 71 Cypripedium vernayi (see Paphiopedilum villosum; Orchidaceae) 85 Cypripedium villosum (see Paphiopedilum villosum; Orchidaceae) 85 Cyrtandra pilosa (Gesneriaceae) 476 Cyrtandromoea cymulosa (see Cyrtandromoea subsessilis; Scrophulariaceae) 368 Cyrtandromoea grandiflora (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Cyrtandromoea subsessilis (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Cyrtococcum accrescens (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtococcum longipes (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtococcum patens (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtococcum radicans (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtococcum trigonum (Poaceae) 97 Cyrtopera macrobulbon (see Eulophia macrobulbon; Orchidaceae) 78 Cystacanthus cymosus (Acanthaceae) 126 Cystacanthus insignis (Acanthaceae) 126 Cystacanthus paniculatus (Acanthaceae) 126 Cystacanthus pulcherrimus (Acanthaceae) 126 Dacrydium elatum (Podocarpaceae) 35 Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata (Papaveraceae) 322 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (Poaceae) 97 Daedalacanthus ciliatus (Acanthaceae) 126 Daedalacanthus griffithii (see Eranthemum griffithii; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus macrophyllus (see Eranthemum macrophyllum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus microstachyus (Acanthaceae) 126 Daedalacanthus montanus (see Eranthemum montanum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus nervosus (see Eranthemum pulchellum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus parishii (see Pseuderanthemum parishii; Acanthaceae) 131 Daedalacanthus purpurascens (see Eranthemum purpurascens; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus strictus (see Eranthemum strictum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus suffruticosus (see Eranthemum suffruticosum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus tetragonus (see Eranthemum tetragonum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus tubiflorus (see Eranthemum tubiflorum; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus wardii (see Eranthemum wardil; Acanthaceae) 127 Daedalacanthus wattil (see Eranthemum wattii; Acanthaceae) 127 Daemonorops jenkinsiana (Arecaceae) 45 Daemonorops kurziana (Arecaceae) 45 Dahlia imperialis (Asteraceae) 162 Dahlia pinnata (Asteraceae) 162 Dahlia variabilis (see Dahlia pinnata; Asteraceae) 162 Dalbergia assamica (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia burmanica (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia cana (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia collettii (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia confertiflora (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia congesta (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia cultrata (Fabaceae) 26, 238 Dalbergia cumingiana (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia foliacea (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia fusca (Fabaceae) 238 Dalbergia glomeriflora (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia hemsleyi (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia henryana (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia junghuhnii (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia kerrii (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia kingiana (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia kurzii (Fabaceae) 26, 239 Dalbergia lacei (Fabaceae) 239 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 517 Dalbergia lanceolaria (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia latifolia (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia maymyensis (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia muliflora (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia nigrescens (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia obtusifolia (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia oliveri (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia ovata (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia paniculata (Fabaceae) 27—28, 239 Dalbergia peguensis (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia pinnata (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia prainii (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia prazeri (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia pseudo-ovata (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia purpurea (Fabaceae) 26, 239 Dalbergia reniformis (Fabaceae) 29, 239 Dalbergia rimosa (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia rubiginosa (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia sisoo (Fabaceae) 239 Dalbergia spinosa (Fabaceae) 240 Dalbergia stipulacea (Fabaceae) 240 Dalbergia torta (Fabaceae) 240 Dalbergia velutina (Fabaceae) 240 Dalbergia velutina var. maingayi (see Dalbergia velutina; Fabaceac) Dalbergia volubilis (Fabaceae) 240 Dalechampia bidentata (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Dalechampia bidentata var. genuina (see Dalechampia bidentata; Euphorbiaceae) Dalechampia burmanica (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Dalechampia kurzii (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Damnacanthus indicus (Rubiaceae) 345 Danthoniopsis griffithiana (see Jansenella griffithiana; Poaceae) 105 Daphne cannabina (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Daphne composita (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Daphne involucrata (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Daphne papyracea (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Daphne pendula (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Daphnidium argenteum (see Beilschmiedia argentata; Lauraceae) 276 Daphniphyllum beddomei (Daphniphyllaceae) 206 Daphniphyllum himalayense (Daphniphyllaceae) 206 Daphniphyllum majus (Daphniphyllaceae) 206 Dasymaschaton blumei (Annonaceae) 141 Datura arborea (Solanaceae) 373 Datura metel (Solanaceae) 373 Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) 373 Datura suaveolens (Solanaceae) 373 Daucus carota (Apiaceae) 145 Daucus carota var. sativa (see Daucus carota; Apiaceae) Debregeasia longifolia (Urticaceae) 386 Debregeasia squamata (Urticaceae) 386 Debregeasia wallichiana (Urticaceae) 386 Decaisnea insignis (Lardizabalaceae) 275 Decaschistia crassiuscula (Malvaceae) 289 Decaschistia ficifolia (Malvaceae) 289 Decaschistia parviflora (Malvaceae) 289 Decaspermum fruticosum (see Decaspermum parviflorum; Myrtaceae) 311 Decaspermum parviflorum (Myrtaceae) 311 Decliptera minbuensis (Poaceae) 479 Deeringia amaranthoides (Amaranthaceae) 137 Deeringia celosioides (Amaranthaceae) 137 Deeringia indica (Amaranthaceae) 137 Dehaasia candolleana (Lauraceae) 277 Dehaasia cuneata (see Dehaasia candolleana; Lauraceae) 277 Dehaasia kurzii (Lauraceae) 277 Delima sarmentosa (Dilleniaceae) 206 Delonix regia (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Delphinium ajacis (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium altissimum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium burmaense (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium elatum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium lacei (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium micropetalum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Delphinium stapeliosum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Dendrobium acerosum (Orchidaceae) 71 Dendrobium acinaciforme (see Dendrobium spatella; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium acrobaticum (see Dendrobium capillipes; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium aduncum (Orchidaceae) 71 Dendrobium aggregatum (Orchidaceae) 71 Dendrobium aggregatum var. jenkinsii (see Dendrobium jenkinsii; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium albosanguineum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium aloifolium (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium amoenum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium anceps (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium andersonii (see Dendrobium draconis; Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium angulatum (see Dendrobium podagraria; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium aphrodite (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium aphyllum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium arachnites (see Dendrobium dickasonii; Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium atropurpureum (see Dendrobium concinnum; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium aurantiacum (see Dendrobium chryseum; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium bambusifolium (see Dendrobium salaccense; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium bellatulum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium bensoniae (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium bensoniae var. xanthium (see Dendrobium bensoniae; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium bicameratum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium binoculare (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium brymerianum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium brymerianum var. histonica (see Dendrobium brymerianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium calceolaria (see Dendrobium moschatum; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium calceolaria var. calceolus (see Dendrobium moschatum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium callipes (see Dendrobium capillipes; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium calothyrsos (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium capillipes (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium capillipes var. elegans (see Dendrobium capillipes; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium cariniferum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium cariniferum var. angustipetalum (see Dendrobium cariniferum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium cariniferum var. lateritia (see Dendrobium cariniferum; Orchidaceae) Index to Scientific Names 518 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dendrobium chrysanthum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium chrysanthum var. anopthalma (see Dendrobium chrysanthum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium chrysanthum var. micropthalma (see Dendrobium chrysanthum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium chryseum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium chrysocrepis (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium chrysotoxum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium ciliatum (see Dendrobium venustum; Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium clavatum (see Dendrobium densiflorum; Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium compactum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium concinnum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium crassinode (see Dendrobium pendulum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium crepidatum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium cretaceum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium cruentum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium crumenatum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium crystallinum (Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium cumulatum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium cupreum (see Dendrobium moschatum; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium curviflorum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium cuspidatum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium delacourii (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium denneanum (see Dendrobium chryseum; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium densiflorum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium densiflorum var. schraederi (see Dendrobium densiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium densiflorum var. walkeriana (see Dendrobium densiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium denudans (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium devonianum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium devonianum var. candidula (see Dendrobium devonianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium devonianum var. rhodoneura (see Dendrobium devonianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium dickasonii (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium dixanthum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium draconis (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium ellipsophyllum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium eriiflorum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium eulophotum (see Dendrobium indivisum; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium falcatum (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrobium falconeri (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium falconeri var. albidula (see Dendrobium palpebrae; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium falconeri var. album (see Dendrobium palpebrae; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium falconeri var. gigantea (see Dendrobium falconeri; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium falconeri var. robusta (see Dendrobium falconeri; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium farmeri (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium farmeri var. albiflorum (see Dendrobium palpebrae; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium farmeri var. aureoflava (see Dendrobium griffithianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium fimbriatum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium fimbriatum var. oculatum (see Dendrobium fimbriatum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium findlayanum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium formosum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium formosum var. berkleyi (see Dendrobium formosum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium formosum var. gigantea (see Dendrobium formosum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium formosum var. sulphurata (see Dendrobium formosum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium fugax (see Dendrobium hendersonii; Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium fytchianum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium fytchianum var. roseum (see Dendrobium fytchianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium galliceanum (see Dendrobium thyrsiflorum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium gibsonii (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium gratiosissimum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium gratiosissimum var. boxallii (see Dendrobium gratiosissimum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium griffithianum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium griffithianum var. guibertii (see Dendrobium densiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium harveyanum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium hendersonii (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium heterocarpum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium heterocarpum var. henshallii (see Dendrobium heterocarpum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium heterocarpum var. pallida (see Dendrobium heterocarpum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium heterocarpum var. philippensis (see Dendrobium heterocarpum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium hildebrandii (see Dendrobium signatum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium hirtulum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium hookerianum (Orchidaceae) 73 Dendrobium hymenanthum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium incurvum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium indivisum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium infundibulum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium infundibulum var. carnioptica (see Dendrobium infundibulum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium infundibulum var. jamesianum (see Dendrobium infundibulum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium ionopus (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrobium jenkinsii (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium kentrophyllum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium laciniosum (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrobium lamellatum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium lasioglossum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium laterale (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium leucochlorum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium lindleyi (see Dendrobium aggregatum; Orchidaceae) 71 Dendrobium lituiflorum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium lituiflorum var. candida (see Dendrobium lituiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium lituiflorum var. farmeri (see Dendrobium lituiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium lituiflorum var. freemanii (see Dendrobium lituiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium longicornu (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium lubbersianum (Orchidaceae) 74 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 519 Dendrobium luteolum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium luteolum var. chlorocentrum (see Dendrobium luteolum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium mannii (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium marmoratum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium melanophthalmum (see Dendrobium pendulum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium microbolbon (see Dendrobium peguanum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium moschatum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium moschatum var. cupreum (see Dendrobium moschatum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium moulmeinense (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium nathanielis (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium nobile (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium nobile var, nobilius (see Dendrobium nobile; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium ochreatum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium pachyglossum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium pachyphyllum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium palpebrae (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium panduriferum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium parcum (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium parishii (Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium pedilochilum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium peguanum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium pendulum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium pendulum var. albiflora (see Dendrobium pendulum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium pendulum var. barberiana (see Dendrobium pendulum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium pierardii (see Dendrobium aphyllum; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium pierardii var. cucullata (see Dendrobium aphyllum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium pierardii var. latifolia (see Dendrobium aphyllum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium podagraria (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium polyphlebium (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium porphyrochilum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium primulardii (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium primulinum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium primulinum var. gigantea (see Dendrobium primulinum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium pulchellum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium pumilum (see Dendrobium pachyphyllum; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium pycnostachyum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium pygmaeum (see Dendrobium peguanum; Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium quadrangulare (see Dendrobium hymenanthum,; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium revolutum (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrobium rhodocentrum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium rhodopterygium (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium rotundatum (see Epigeneium rotundatum, Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium salaccense (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium scabrilingue (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium secundum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium secundum var. nivea (see Dendrobium secundum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium senile (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium serra (see Dendrobium aloifolium; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium signatum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium spatella (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium spegidoglossum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium strongylanthum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium stuposum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium suavissimum (see Dendrobium chrysotoxum; Orchidaceae) 72 Dendrobium sulcatum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium sutepense (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium taenialis (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrobium tapingense (see Dendrobium parcum; Orchidaceae) 74 Dendrobium terminale (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium theionochilum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum (Orchidaceae) 75 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum var. alboluteum (see Dendrobium thyrsiflorum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium tortile (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium tortile var. rosea (see Dendrobium tortile; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium transparens (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium transparens var. alba (see Dendrobium transparens; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium trigonopus (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium venustum (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium virgineum (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium wardianum (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium wardianum var. lowii (see Dendrobium wardianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium wardianum var. watsoni (see Dendrobium wardianum; Orchidaceae) Dendrobium wattii (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium wightii (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium williamsonii (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium wilmsianum (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrobium xanthophlebium (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus asper (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus birmanicus (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus brandisii (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus calostachyus (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus collettianus (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus copelandii (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus flagellifer (see Dendrocalamus asper; Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus giganteus (Poaceae) 97 Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Poaceae) 24-25, 98 Dendrocalamus hookeri (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus latiflorus (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus longifimbriatus (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus longispathus (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus membranaceus (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus messeri (Poaceae) 98 Dendrocalamus strictus (Poaceae) 25-29, 98 Dendrocalamus strictus var. prainiana (see Dendrocalamus strictus; Poaceae) Dendrocalamus wabo (Poaceae) 98 Dendrochilum gardneriana (Orchidaceae) 478 Dendrochilum longifolium (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrochilum pallidiflavens (Orchidaceae) 76 Dendrochilum pallidiflorum (see Dendrochilum pallidiflavens; Orchidaceae) 76 Index to Scientific Names 520 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dendrochloa distans (see Schizostachyum distans; Poaceae) 112 Dendrocnide basirotunda (Urticaceae) 386 Dendrocnide stimulans (Urticaceae) 386 Dendrolobium triangulare (Fabaceae) 240 Dendropanax acuminatissimus (Araliaceae) 472 Dendropanax burmanicus (see Dendropanax dentiger; Araliaceae) 152 Dendropanax dentiger (Araliaceae) 152 Dendropanax listeri (see Merrilliopanax listeri; Araliaceae) 152 Dendrophthoe falcata (Loranthaceae) 284 Dendrophthoe lanosa (Loranthaceae) 284 Dendrophthoe pentandra (Loranthaceae) 284 Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Santalaceae) 362 Dentella concinna (Rubiaceae) 345 Dentella repens (Rubiaceae) 345 Dentella serpyllifolia (Rubiaceae) 345 Derris amherstianus (Fabaceae) 240 Derris amoena (Fabaceae) 240 Derris andamanica (Fabaceae) 240 Derris cuneifolia (Fabaceae) 240 Derris dalbergioides (see Derris microphylla; Fabaceae) 240 Derris elegans (Fabaceae) 240 Derris elliptica (Fabaceae) 240 Derris ferruginea (Fabaceae) 240 Derris floridunda (Fabaceae) 240 Derris indica (Fabaceae) 240 Derris kingdonwardii (Fabaceae) 240 Derris lacei (Fabaceae) 240 Derris latifolia (Fabaceae) 240 Derris malaccensis (Fabaceae) 240 Derris marginata (Fabaceae) 240 Derris microphylla (Fabaceae) 240 Derris microptera (Fabaceae) 240 Derris mitis (Fabaceae) 240 Derris monticola (Fabaceae) 240 Derris pulchra (Fabaceae) 240 Derris robusta (Fabaceae) 240 Derris scandens (Fabaceae) 240 Derris sinuata (see Aganope heptaphylla; Fabaceae) 235 Derris thyrsiflora (see Aganope thyrsiflora; Fabaceae) 235 Derris timorensis (Fabaceae) 241 Derris trifoliata (Fabaceae) 241 Derris wallichii (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium auricomum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium biarticulatum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium birmannicum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium capitatum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium cephalotes (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium cephalotoides (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium concinnum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium diffusum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium flexuosum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium floribundum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium gangeticum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium grande (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium gyrans (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium gyroides (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium henryi (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium heterophyllum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium hispidum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium insigne (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium karensium (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium kingianum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium kurzii (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium laburnifolium (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium lacei (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium latifolium (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium laxiflorum (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium longipes (Fabaceae) 241 Desmodium megaphyllum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium multiflorum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium obcordatum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium oblatum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium oblongum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium olivaceum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium parvifolium (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium podocarpum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium polycarpum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium prainii (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium pulchellum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium renifolium (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium renifolium var. oblatum (see Desmodium renifolium; Fabaceae) Desmodium reniforme (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium reticulatum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium retroflexum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium rottleri (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium rufihirsutum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium rugosum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium sequax (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium sinuatum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium styracifolium (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium substipulaceum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium teres (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium tiliaefolium (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium toppinii (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium triangulare (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium triflorum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium triquetrum (see Tadehagi triquetrum; Fabaceae) 252 Desmodium umbellatum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium vestitum (Fabaceae) 242 Desmodium wallichii (Fabaceae) 242 Desmogyne neriifolia (see Agapetes neriifolia; Ericaceae) 214 Desmos caudatus (Annonaceae) 141 Desmos chinensis (Annonaceae) 141 Desmos cochinchinensis (Annonaceae) 141 Desmos dumosus (Annonaceae) 141 Desmos latifolia (Annonaceae) 141 Desmostachys bipinnata (Poaceae) 98 Desmotrichum fimbriatum (see Flickingeria fimbriata; Orchidaceae) 79 Deutzia corymbosa (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia discolor (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia glomeruliflora (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia hookeriana (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia macrantha (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia purpurascens (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Deutzia scabra (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Dialium indum (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Dianella ensifolia (Phormiaceae) 91 Dianthera nodosa (Acanthaceae) 126 Dianthus barbatus (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Dianthus caryophyllus (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 521 Dianthus chinensis (Caryophyllaceae) 189 Dianthus plumarius (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Diapensia himalaica (Diapensiaceae) 206 Diapensia purpurea (Diapensiaceae) 206 Dicellostyles jujubifolia (Malvaceae) 477 Dicentra burmanica (Papaveraceae) 322 Dicentra macrantha (Papaveraceae) 322 Dicerma hispidum (Fabaceae) 242 Dichanthelium clandestinum (Poaceae) 98 Dichanthelium latifolium (Poaceae) 98 Dichanthium annulatum (Poaceae) 98 Dichanthium caricosum (Poaceae) 98 Dichanthium theinlwinii (Poaceae) 98 Dichapetalum gelonioides (Dichapetalaceae) 206 Dichapetalum helferianum (Dichapetalaceae) 206 Dichapetalum kerrii (Dichapetalaceae) 206 Dichapetalum longipetalum (Dichapetalaceae) 206 Dichapetalum macropetala (Dichapetalaceae) 206 Dichiloboea birmanica (see Trisepalum birmanicum; Gesneriaceae) 264 Dichondra repens (Convolvulaceae) 198 Dichroa febrifuga (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Dichrocephala auriculata (Asteraceae) 162 Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia (Asteraceae) 162 Dichrocephala integrifolia (Asteraceae) 162 Dichrocephala latifolia (see Dichrocephala auriculata; Asteraceae) 162 Dichrostachys cinerea (Mimosaceae) 301 Dickasonia vernicosa (see Kalimpongia narajitii; Orchidaceae) 82 Dicliptera bupleuroides (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera kurzii (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera magnibracteata (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera minbuensis (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera reptans (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera riparia (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera roxburghiana (see Dicliptera bupleuroides; Acanthaceae) 126 Dicliptera speciosa (Acanthaceae) 126 Dicoma tomentosa (Asteraceae) 162 Dictyospermum ovatum (Commelinaceae) 48 Didissandra lanuginosa (see Corallodiscus lanuginosus; Gesneriaceae) 262 Didissandra taliensis (see Corallodiscus lanuginosus; Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus acuminatus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus aromaticus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus aurantiacus (Gesneriaceae) 476 Didymocarpus aureoglandulosus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus barbinervius (Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus bracteatus (Gesneriaceae) 262 Didymocarpus burkei (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus elatior (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus gageanus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus graciliflorus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus mollis (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus paucinervius (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus platycalyx (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus praeteritus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus pteronema (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus punduanus (Gesneriaceae) 476 Didymocarpus purpureobracteatus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus reptans (see Henckelia reptans; Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus rufipes (Gesneriaceae) 263 Didymocarpus subalternans (Gesneriaceae) 476 Didymoplexis pallens (Orchidaceae) 76 Didymosperma hookeriana (see Arenga hookeriana; Arecaceae) 43 Didymosperma nanum (see Arenga nana; Arecaceae) 43 Diectomis fastigiata (see Andropogon fastigiatus; Poaceae) 92 Dieffenbachia daguensis (Araceae) 41 Dieffenbachia picta (see Dieffenbachia seguine; Araceae) 41 Dieffenbachia seguine (Araceae) 41 Digera muricata (Amaranthaceae) 137 Digitalis lanata (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Digitalis purpurea (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Digitaria abludens (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria adscendens (see Digitaria ciliaris; Poaceae) 98 Digitaria chinensis (see Digitaria violascens; Poaceae) 99 Digitaria ciliaris (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria compacta (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria fibrosa (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria fuscescens (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria horizontalis (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria ischaemum (Poaceae) 98 Digitaria jubata (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria longiflora (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria pedicellaris (see Digitaria abludens; Poaceae) 98 Digitaria perrottetii (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria pruriens (see Digitaria horizontalis; Poaceae) 98 Digitaria radicosa (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria royleana (see Digitaria stricta; Poaceae) 99 Digitaria siamensis (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria stricta (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria ternata (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria tomentosa (Poaceae) 99 Digitaria violascens (Poaceae) 99 Dillenia aurea (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia elata (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia floribunda (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia kerrii (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia maymyensis (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia ornata (Dilleniaceae) 206 Dillenia parkinsonii (Dilleniaceae) 207 Dillenia parviflora (Dilleniaceae) 207 Dillenia pentagyna (Dilleniaceae) 26, 207 Dillenia pulcherrima (Dilleniaceae) 207 Dillenia scabrella (Dilleniaceae) 207 Dilochia subsessilis (Orchidaceae) 76 Dimeria avenacea (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria fuscescens (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria hohenackeri (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria keenanti (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria kurzii (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria leptorhachis (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria ornithopoda (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria pusilla (see Dimeria avenacea; Poaceae) 99 Dimeria tenera (Poaceae) 99 Dimeria velutina (Poaceae) 99 Dimocarpus longan (Sapindaceae) 363 Dimocarpus longan var. malesianus (see Dimocarpus longan; Sapindaceae) Dimorphocalyx angustialatus (Dipterocarpaceae) 475 Dimorphocalyx meeboldii (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Dinetus decorus (Convolvulaceae) 198 Index to Scientific Names 522 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Dinetus dinetoides (Convolvulaceae) 198 Dinetus racemosus (Convolvulaceae) 198 Dinetus truncatus (Convolvulaceae) 198 Dinochloa andamanica (Poaceae) 99 Dinochloa compactiflora (see Melocalamus compactiflorus; Poaceae) 106 Dinochloa maclellandii (Poaceae) 99 Dinochloa marginata (see Bambusa marginata; Poaceae) 94 Dioclea wilsonii (Fabaceae) 243 Dioscorea alata (Dioscoreaceae) 56 Dioscorea atropurpurea (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea birmanica (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea brandisii (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea bulbifera (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea collettii (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea crispata (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea cylindrica (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea daemona (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea daunea (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea decipiens (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea deflexa (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea deltoidea (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea esculenta (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea glabra (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea globosa (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea hamiltoni (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea hemsleyi (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea lepcharum (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea membranacea (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea pentaphylla (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea prazeri (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea puber (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea purpurea (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea pyrifolia (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea rangunensis (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea sativa (Dioscoreaceae) 57 Dioscorea spinosa (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea tentaculigera (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea tomentosa (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea trinervia (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea velutipes (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea wallichii (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Dioscorea wightii (Dioscoreaceae) 58 Diospyros albiflora (Ebenaceae) 209 Diospyros brachiata (Ebenaceae) 209 Diospyros brachiata var. atra (see Diospyros brachiata; Ebenaceae) Diospyros brandisiana (Ebenaceae) 209 Diospyros burmanica (Ebenaceae) 27, 209 Diospyros cauliflora (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros chartacea (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros chloroxylon (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros crumentata (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros dasyphylla (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros decandra (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros densiflora (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros dictyoneura (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros discolor (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros ehretioides (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros embryopteris (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros ferrea (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros glandulosa (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros hasseltii (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros heterophylla (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros impressa (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros kika (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros kurzii (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros lanceaefolia (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros lotus (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros malabarica (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros martabanica (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros mollis (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros montana (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros oblonga (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros oleifolia (Ebenaceae) 210 Diospyros packmanni (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros pendula (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros peregrina (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros pilosanthera (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros pilosula (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros pyrrhocarpa (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros ramiflora (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros rhodocalyx (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros sapotoides (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros sumatrana (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros toposia (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros undulata (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros variegata (Ebenaceae) 211 Diospyros wallichii (Ebenaceae) 211 Dipentodon sinicus (Dipentodontaceae) 207 Diplachne fusca (see Leptochloa fusca; Poaceae) 105 Diplacrum caricinum (Cyperaceae) 54 Diplarche multiflora (Diapensiaceae) 206 Diploclisia glaucescens (Menispermaceae) 297 Diplocyclos palmatus (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Diploknema butyracea (Sapotaceae) 364 Diplomeria pulchella (Orchidaceae) 76 Diploprora championi (Orchidaceae) 76 Diplospora confusa (Rubiaceae) 345 Diplospora griffithii (Rubiaceae) 346 Diplospora kurzii (Rubiaceae) 346 Diplospora pubescens (Rubiaceae) 346 Diplospora siamica (Rubiaceae) 346 Diplospora singularis (Rubiaceae) 346 Diplycosia alboglauca (Ericaceae) 215 Diplycosia discolor (Ericaceae) 215 Diplycosia pauciseta (Ericaceae) 215 Dipsacus asper (Dipsacaceae) 207 Dipsacus inermis (Dipsacaceae) 207 Dipteracanthus longifolia (Acanthaceae) 126 Dipterocarpus alatus (Dipterocarpaceae) 24-26, 207 Dipterocarpus baudii (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Dipterocarpus costatus (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Dipterocarpus dyeri (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Dipterocarpus gonopterus (Dipterocarpaceae) 207 Dipterocarpus gracilis (see Dipterocarpus retusus; Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (Dipterocarpaceae) 24, 207 Dipterocarpus incanus (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Dipterocarpus kerrii (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Dipterocarpus obtusifolius (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Dipterocarpus retusus (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Dipterocarpus tuberculatus (Dipterocarpaceae) 26-27, 208 Dipterocarpus turbinatus (Dipterocarpaceae) 24-25, 208 Dischidia acutifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia benghalensis (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia clavata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 523 Dischidia griffithii (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia hirsuta (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia imbricata (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia lancifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 154 Dischidia major (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Dischidia micholitzii (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Dischidia nummularia (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Dischidia punctata (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Dischidia rafflesiana (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Disporopsis fuscopicta (Convallariaceae) 49 Disporum acuminatum (Convallariaceae) 49 Disporum calcaratum (Convallariaceae) 49 Disporum cantoniense (Convallariaceae) 49 Disporum latipetalum (Convallariaceae) 49 Disporum pullum (Convallariaceae) 49 Dissochaeta glauca (Melastomataceae) 292 Distemon indicum (Urticaceae) 386 Distylium indicum (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Dobinea vulgaris (Podoaceae) 325 Docynia indica (Rosaceae) 337 Dodecadenia grandiflora (Lauraceae) 277 Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae) 363 Dolichandrone atrovirens (Bignoniaceae) 173 Dolichandrone falcata (Bignoniaceae) 173 Dolichandrone serrulata (Bignoniaceae) 173 Dolichandrone spathacea (Bignoniaceae) 173 Dolichandrone velutina (Bignoniaceae) 173 Dolichos candicans (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos falcatus (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos lanceolatus (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos subaequalis (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos subcarnosus (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos tetragonolobus (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos ultratus (Fabaceae) 475 Dolichos umbellatus (Fabaceae) 243 Dolichos uniflorus (Fabaceae) 243 Dombeya acutangula (Sterculiaceae) 376 Dombeya burgessiae (Sterculiaceae) 376 Dombeya spectabilis (Sterculiaceae) 376 Donax grandis (Marantaceae) 62 Dopatrium junceum (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Doritis pulcherrima (see Phalaenopsis pulcherrima; Orchidaceae) 86 Doritis taenialis (see Phalaenopsis taenialis; Orchidaceae) 86 Doxantha unguis-cati (see Macfadyena unguis-cati; Bignoniaceae) 174 Dracaena angustifolia (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena cantleyi (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena elliptica (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena ensifolia (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena fragrans (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena helferiana (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena reflexa (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena sanderiana (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracaena spicata (Dracaenaceae) 58 Dracontium gigas (Araceae) 42 Dracontium polyphyllum (Araceae) 42 Dracontomelon dao (Anacardiaceae) 138 Dracontomelon duperreanum (Anacardiaceae) 138 Dracontomelon mangiferum (see Dracontomelon dao; Anacardiaceae) 138 Dregea volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Drepanostachyum khasianum (Poaceae) 99 Drepanostachyum kurzii (Poaceae) 99 Drimycarpus racemosus (Anacardiaceae) 138 Drosera burmanii (Droseraceae) 209 Drosera indica (Droseraceae) 209 Drosera peltata (Droseraceae) 209 Drymoda picta (Orchidaceae) 76 Drypetes assamica (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes balakrishnanii (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes eglandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes elliptica (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes griffithii (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes kurziana (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes macrophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes subsessilis (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Drypetes sumatrana (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Duabanga grandiflora (Lythraceae) 286 Dubyaea atropurpurea (Asteraceae) 162 Dubyaea chimiliensis (Asteraceae) 162 Duchesnea indica (see Potentilla indica; Rosaceae) 338 Dufrenoya poilanei (Santalaceae) 362 Dufrenoya robusta (Santalaceae) 362 Dumasia nitida (Fabaceae) 243 Dumasia prazeri (Fabaceae) 243 Dumasia villosa (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria burmanica (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria circinalis (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria gracilipes (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria maymyoensis (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria micholitzii (Fabaceae) 243 Dunbaria podocarpa (Fabaceae) 243 Duranta erecta (Verbenaceae) 389 Duranta repens (Verbenaceae) 389 Durio burmanicus (Bombacaceae) 175 Durio malaccensis (Bombacaceae) 175 Durio mansoni (Bombacaceae) 175 Durio zibethinus (Bombacaceae) 175 Dypsis lutescens (Arecaceae) 45 Dysolobium grande (Fabaceae) 243 Dysophylla auricularia (see Pogostemon auricularius; Lamiaceae) 274 Dysophylla cruciata (Lamiaceae) 271 Dysophylla helferi (Lamiaceae) 271 Dysophylla kachinensis (Lamiaceae) 271 Dysophylla quadrifolia (Lamiaceae) 271 Dysophylla verticillata (Lamiaceae) 271 Dysoxylum alliaceum (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum binectariferum (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum cochinchinensis (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum excelsum (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum grande (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum oliveri (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum procerum (Meliaceae) 295 Dysoxylum turbinatum (see Dysoxylum excelsum; Meliaceae) 295 Ebermaiera angustifolia (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera argentea (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera argentea var. angustifolia (see Ebermaiera argentea; Acanthaceae) Ebermaiera beddomei (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera coriacea (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera glauca (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera gracilis (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera helferi (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera humilis (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera incana (Acanthaceae) 126 Index to Scientific Names 524 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ebermaiera laciocarpa (Acanthaceae) 471 Ebermaiera lanceolata (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera lasiobotrys (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera maclellandii (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera macrophylla (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera merguensis (Acanthaceae) 126 Ebermaiera obtusa (Acanthaceae) 127 Ebermaiera paniculata (Acanthaceae) 127 Ebermaiera parviflora (Acanthaceae) 127 Ebermaiera polybotrya (see Staurogyne humilis; Acanthaceae) 131 Ebermaiera racemosa (Acanthaceae) 127 Ebermaiera thyrsoidea (Acanthaceae) 127 Ecdysanthera micrantha (see Urceola micrantha; Apocynaceae) 150 Ecdysanthera multiflora (see Urceola micrantha; Apocynaceae) 150 Echeveria glauca (Crassulaceae) 202 Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) 162 Echinocarpus assamicus (see Sloanea sterculiacea; Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Echinocarpus dasycarpus (see Sloanea dasycarpa; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Echinocarpus kerrii (Elaeocarpaceae) 474 Echinocarpus parkinsonii (Elaeocarpaceae) 474 Echinocarpus sigun (see Sloanea sigun; Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Echinocarpus sterculiaceus (see Sloanea sterculiacea; Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Echinocarpus tomentosus (see Sloanea tomentosa; Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Echinochloa colona (Poaceae) 99 Echinochloa crus-galli (Poaceae) 99 Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Poaceae) 99 Echinochloa frumentacea (Poaceae) 99 Echinochloa notabile (see Urochloa mosambicensis; Poaceae) 115 Echinochloa scabra (Poaceae) 100 Echinochloa stagnina (see Echinochloa scabra; Poaceae) 100 Echinops burmanicus (Asteraceae) 473 Echinops cornigerus (Asteraceae) 162 Echinops echinatus (Asteraceae) 162 Echinops niveus (Asteraceae) 162 Echioglossum birmanicum (see Cleisostoma birmanicum; Orchidaceae) 69 Echites calycina (see Agonosma wallichii; Apocynaceae) 147 Echites cymosa (see Aganosma cymosa; Apocynaceae) 146 Echites cymosa var. fulva (see Aganosma cymosa; Apocynaceae) Echites glandulifera (Apocynaceae) 148 Echites marginata (see Aganosma marginata; Apocynaceae) 146 Echites odoratissima (Apocynaceae) 148 Eclipta alba (Asteraceae) 162 Edgeworthia chrysantha (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Edgeworthia gardneri (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Edgeworthia longipes (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Edgeworthia tomentosa (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Ehretia acuminata (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia confinis (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia laevis (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia macrophylla (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia obtusifolia (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia parallela (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia retusa (Boraginaceae) 176 Ehretia wallichiana (Boraginaceae) 176 Eichhormia azurea (Pontederiaceae) 115 Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) 30, 115 Elaeagnus hortensis (Elaeagnaceae) 211 Elaeagnus latifolia (Elaeagnaceae) 211 Elaeagnus rivularis (Elaeagnaceae) 211 Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) 45 Elaeocarpus aristatus (see Elaeocarpus rugosus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus balansae (Elaeocarpaceae) 211 Elaeocarpus braceanus (Elaeocarpaceae) 21 1 Elaeocarpus bracteatus (Elaeocarpaceae) 21 | Elaeocarpus cuneatus (Elaeocarpaceae) 211 Elaeocarpus dubius (Elaeocarpaceae) 21 1 Elaeocarpus floribundus (Elaeocarpaceae) 211 Elaeocarpus forrestii (Elaeocarpaceae) 474 Elaeocarpus ganitrus (see Elaeocarpus sphaericus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus grandiflorus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus grandiflorus var. angustifolius (see Elaeocarpus grandiflorus; Elaeocarpaceae) Elaeocarpus griffithii (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus hainanensis (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus helferi (see Elaeocarpus robustus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus hygrophilus (Elaeocarpaceae) 30, 212 Elaeocarpus integer (see Elaeocarpus petiolatus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus lacei (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus lacunosus (see Elaeocarpus lanceifolius; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus lanceifolius (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus leptostachyus (see Elaeocarpus robustus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus littoralis (see Elaeocarpus macrocerus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus longifolius (Elaeocarpaceae) 475 Elaeocarpus lucidus (see Elaeocarpus robustus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus macrocerus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus monocera (Elaeocarpaceae) 475 Elaeocarpus oblongus (see Elaeocarpus serratus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus obtusus (Elaeocarpaceae) 475 Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus photiniaefolius (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus prunifolius (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus quadratus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus robertsoni (see Elaeocarpus macrocerus; Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus robustus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus rugosus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus serratus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus simplex (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus stapfianus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus stipularis (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus tectoniaefolius (see Elaeocarpus balansae; Elaeocarpaceae) 211 Elaeocarpus tectorius (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus tuberculatus (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus varunua (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeocarpus wallichii (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Elaeodendron glaucum (Celastraceae) 190 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 525 Elaeodendron subrotundum (Celastraceae) 190 Elatostema acuminatum (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema bulbiferum (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema cuneatum (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema imbricans (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema integrifolium (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema latifolium (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema monandra (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema procridioides (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema repens (Urticaceae) 386 Elatostema sessile (Urticaceae) 386 Eleocharis acicularis (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis acutangula (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis congesta (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis dulcis (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis fistulosa (see Eleocharis acutangula; Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis flava (Cyperaceae) 474 Eleocharis palustris (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis plantaginea (see Eleocharis dulcis; Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis spiralis (Cyperaceae) 54 Eleocharis tetraquetra (Cyperaceae) 54 Elephantopus scaber (Asteraceae) 162 Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae) 121 Elettaria cardamomum var. major (see Elettaria cardamomum; Zingiberaceae) Elettariopsis stenosiphon (Zingiberaceae) 121 Eleusine coracana (Poaceae) 100 Eleusine indica (Poaceae) 100 Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (Araliaceae) 152 Ellipanthus calophyllus (Connaraceae) 196 Ellipanthus helferi (Connaraceae) 196 Ellipanthus monophyllus (Connaraceae) 196 Ellipanthus sterculiaefolius (Connaraceae) 196 Ellipanthus tomentosus (Connaraceae) 196 Ellipeia costata (Annonaceae) 141 Ellipeia ferruginea (Annonaceae) 141 Ellipeiopsis ferruginea (Annonaceae) 141 Elsholtzia beddomei (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia blanda (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia fruticosa (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia griffithii (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia incisa (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia kachinensis (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia pilosa (Lamiaceae) 271 Elsholtzia rugulosa (Lamiaceae) 271 Elytrophorus spicatus (Poaceae) 100 _Embelia clarkei (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia ferruginea (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia floribunda (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia furfuracea (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia gallatlyi (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia gamblei (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia kurzii (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia limpani (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia myrtillus (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia nagushia (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia nutans (Myrsinaceae) 309 Embelia parviflora (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia pulchella (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia reticulata (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia ribes (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia robusta (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia rodgeri (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia sessiliflora (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia undulata (Myrsinaceae) 310 Embelia vestita (Myrsinaceae) 310 Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Emilia sonchifolia (Asteraceae) 162 Emmenopterys rehderi (Rubiaceae) 346 Endiandra firma (Lauraceae) 277 Endospermum chinense (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Engelhardtia acerifolia (Juglandaceae) 270 Engelhardtia colebrookiana (Juglandaceae) 270 Engelhardtia serrata (Juglandaceae) 270 Engelhardtia spicata (Juglandaceae) 270 Engelhardtia wallichiana (Juglandaceae) 270 Enhalus acoroides (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Enhydra fluctuans (Asteraceae) 162 Enicosanthum merguiense (Annonaceae) 141 Enkianthus chinensis (Ericaceae) 215 Enkianthus deflexus (Ericaceae) 215 Enkianthus pauciflorus (Ericaceae) 215 Enneapogon elegans (see Enneapogon schimperanus; Poaceae) 100 Enneapogon schimperanus (Poaceae) 100 Ensete glaucum (Musaceae) 63 Ensete superbum (Musaceae) 63 Ensete ventricosum (Musaceae) 63 Entada arborea (Mimosaceae) 301 Entada glandulosa (Mimosaceae) 301 Entada phaseoloides (Mimosaceae) 301 Entada pursaetha (Mimosaceae) 301 Entada scandens (Mimosaceae) 301 Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Mimosaceae) 301 Enteropogon dolichostachyus (Poaceae) 100 Enteropogon monostachyus (Poaceae) 100 Epaltes divaricata (Asteraceae) 162 Ephemerantha bifida (see Flickingeria appendiculata; Orchidaceae) 78 Ephemerantha convexa (see Flickingeria convexa; Orchidaceae) 79 Ephemerantha fimbriata (see Flickingeria fimbriata; Orchidaceae) 79 Ephemerantha grandiflora (see Flickingeria grandiflora; Orchidaceae) 79 Ephemerantha kelsalii (see Flickingeria angustifolia; Orchidaceae) 78 Ephemerantha laciniosa (see Flickingeria laciniosa; Orchidaceae) 79 Ephemerantha macraei (Orchidaceae) 478 Epigeneium amplum (Orchidaceae) 76 Epigeneium coelogyne (see Epigeneium amplum; Orchidaceae) 76 Epigeneium fuscescens (Orchidaceae) 76 Epigeneium rotundatum (Orchidaceae) 76 Epigynum cochinchinensis (Apocynaceae) 148 Epigynum griffithianum (Apocynaceae) 148 Epigynum perakensis (see Epigynum griffithianum; Apocynaceae) 148 Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae) 320 Epilobium brevifolium (Onagraceae) 320 Epilobium brevifolium subsp. trichoneurum (see Epilobium brevifolium; Onagraceae) Epilobium kermodei (Onagraceae) 320 Epilobium origanifolium (Onagraceae) 477 Index to Scientific Names 526 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Epilobium parviflorum (Onagraceae) 320 Epilobium roseum (Onagraceae) 477 Epilobium trichoneurum (see Epilobium brevifolium; Onagraceae) 320 Epipactis consimilis (Orchidaceae) 76 Epipremnum mirabile (see Epipremnum pinnatum; Araceae) 42 Epipremnum pinnatum (Araceae) 42 Episcia cupreata (Gesneriaceae) 263 Episcia punctata (Gesneriaceae) 263 Epithema carnosum (Gesneriaceae) 263 Epithema carnosum var. dentatum (see Epithema dentatum; Gesneriaceae) Epithema dentatum (Gesneriaceae) 263 Eragrostiella bifaria (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostiella collettii (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis amabilis (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis aspera (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis atrovirens (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis barbulata (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis barrelieri (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis brownii (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis burmanica (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis cilianensis (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis ciliaris (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis ciliata (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis coarctata (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis cumingii (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis curvula (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis diandra (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis diarrhena (see Eragrostis japonica; Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis diarrhena var, koenigii (see Eragrostis japonica; Poaceae) Eragrostis distans (see Eragrostis cumingii; Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis ferruginea (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis gangetica (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis interrupta (see Eragrostis japonica; Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis japonica (Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis lehmanniana (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis malayana (see Eragrostis montana; Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis minor (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis montana (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis nigra (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis nutans (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis papposa (Poaceae) 101] Eragrostis pectinacea (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis pilosa (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis plana (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis plumosa (see Eragrostis amabilis; Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis poacoides (see Eragrostis minor; Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis riparia (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis spicata (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis tef (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis tenella (see Eragrostis amabilis; Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis tenuifolia (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis theinlwinii (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis tremula (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis unioloides (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis virescens (Poaceae) 101 Eragrostis viscosa (see Eragrostis amabilis; Poaceae) 100 Eragrostis wightiana (see Myriostachya wightiana; Poaceae) 107 Eragrostis zeylanica (see Eragrostis brownii; Poaceae) 100 Eranthemum album (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum angustifolium (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum blumei (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum ciliatum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum cinnabarinum (see Pseuderanthemum cinnabarinum; Acanthaceae) 130 Eranthemum griffithii (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum indicum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum macrophyllum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum montanum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum palatiferum (see Pseuderanthemum latifolium; Acanthaceae) 131 Eranthemum parishii (see Pseuderanthemum parishii; Acanthaceae) 131 Eranthemum polyneurum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum pulchellum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum purpurascens (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum splendens (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum strictum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum suffruticosum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum tapingense (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum tetragonum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum tubiflorum (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum wardii (Acanthaceae) 127 Eranthemum wattii (Acanthaceae) 127 Eremochloa bimaculata (Poaceae) 101 Eremochloa ciliaris (Poaceae) 101 Eremochloa ciliatifolia (Poaceae) 101 Eremochloa muricata (Poaceae) 101 Eremopogon delavayi (Poaceae) 101 Eremopogon foveolatus (Poaceae) 101 Eria acervata (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria albido-tomentosa (see Eria lasiopetala; Orchidaceae) 77 Eria amica (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria andersonii (see Eria amica; Orchidaceae) 76 Eria biflora (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria bractescens (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria bractescens var. affinis (see Eria bractescens; Orchidaceae) Eria brandisii (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria brownei (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria calamifolia (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria clavicaulis (Orchidaceae) 76 Eria concolor (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria confusa (see Eria amica; Orchidaceae) 76 Eria conica (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria convallarioides (see Eria spicata; Orchidaceae) 78 Eria coronaria (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria cristata (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria dasyphylla (see Trichotosia dasyphylla; Orchidaceae) 89 Eria dasypus (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria decipiens (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria densa (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria elongata (see Eria laniceps; Orchidaceae) 77 Eria eriopsidobulbon (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria extinctoria (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria flava (see Eria pubescens; Orchidaceae) 77 Eria flava var. lanata (see Eria pubescens; Orchidaceae) Eria floribunda (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria fragrans (see Eria javanica; Orchidaceae) 77 Eria graminifolia (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria griffithii (see Eria bractescens; Orchidaceae) 76 Eria hologlossa (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria javanica (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria lacei (Orchidaceae) 77 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 527 Eria laniceps (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria lasiopetala (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria marginata (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria merguensis (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria musciola (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria myristicaeformis (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria obesa (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria paniculata (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria pannea (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria parishii (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria perpusilla (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria pleurothallis (see Ceratostylis pleurothallis; Orchidaceae) 68 Eria pubescens (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria pulchella (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria pulvinata (see Trichotosia pulvinata; Orchidaceae) 89 Eria pumila (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria rimanni (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria ringens (see Eria tenuiflora; Orchidaceae) 78 Eria rotundifolia (see Trichotosia rotundifolia; Orchidaceae) 89 Eria rufinula (see Trichotosia pulvinata; Orchidaceae) 89 Eria shanensis (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria sicaria (Orchidaceae) 77 Eria spicata (Orchidaceae) 78 Eria stricta (Orchidaceae) 78 Eria tenuiflora (Orchidaceae) 78 Eria tomentosa (Orchidaceae) 78 Eria truncata (Orchidaceae) 78 Eria velutina (see Trichotosia velutina; Orchidaceae) 89 Eria vestita (Orchidaceae) 78 Eriachne pallescens (Poaceae) 101 Eriachne triseta (Poaceae) 101 Erianthus arundinaceus (see Saccharum arundinaceum; Poaceae) 111 Erianthus chrysothrix (Poaceae) 101 Erianthus fulvus (Poaceae) 101 Erianthus hookeri (Poaceae) 101 Erianthus longisetosus (Poaceae) 102 Erianthus procerus (Poaceae) 102 Erianthus ravennae (Poaceae) 102 Erianthus rockii (Poaceae) 102 Erianthus rufipilus (Poaceae) 102 Erianthus wardii (Poaceae) 102 Erigeron alpinus (Asteraceae) 162 Erigeron alpinus var. khasiana (see Erigeron alpinus; Asteraceae) Erigeron asteroides (Asteraceae) 162 Erigeron karwinskianus (Asteraceae) 162 Erigeron mucronatus (Asteraceae) 162 Erigeron sumatrensis (see Conyza sumatrensis; Asteraceae) 161 Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya dubia (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya glabrescens (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya latifolia (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya macrocarpa (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya merguiensis (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya petiolata (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya platyphylla (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya tengyuehensis (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya tinctoria (Rosaceae) 337 Eriobotrya wardii (Rosaceae) 337 Eriocaulon capillus-naiadis (see Eriocaulon setaceum; Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon cinereum (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon collettii (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon echinulatum (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon glaucum (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon helferi (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon luzulaefolium (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon melaleucum (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon oryzetorum (Eriocaulaceae) 58 Eriocaulon quinquangulare (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon roseum (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon sericans (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon setaceum (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon setaceum var. capillus-naiadis (see Eriocaulon setaceum; Eriocaulaceae) Eriocaulon sexangulare (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon truncatum (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon wightianum (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriocaulon xaranthemum (Eriocaulaceae) 59 Eriochloa nubica (Poaceae) 102 Eriochloa procera (Poaceae) 102 Eriochloa punctata (Poaceae) 102 Eriodes barbata (Orchidaceae) 78 Erioglossum rubiginosum (see Lepisanthes rubiginosa; Sapindaceae) 363 Eriolaena candollei (Sterculiaceae) 376 Eriolaena kurzii (Sterculiaceae) 376 Eriolaena spectabilis (Sterculiaceae) 376 Eriolaena wallichii (Sterculiaceae) 376 Eriolobus hookeriana (Rosaceae) 337 Eriolobus indica (Rosaceae) 337 Eriophorum comosum (see Erioscirpus comosus; Cyperaceae) 54 Erioscirpus comosus (Cyperaceae) 54 Eriosema chinense (Fabaceae) 243 Eriosema pilosum (Fabaceae) 243 Ervatamia calycina (see Tabernaemontana pauciflora; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia coronaria (see Tabernaemontana divaricata; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia crispa (Apocynaceae) 472 Ervatamia divaricata (see Tabernaemontana divaricata; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia graciliflora (see Tabernaemontana graciliflora, Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia membranifolia (see Tabernaemontana membranifolia; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia ophiorrhizoides (see Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia peduncularis (see Tabernaemontana peduncularis; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia recurva (see Tabernaemontana divaricata; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia rostrata (see Tabernaemontana rostrata; Apocynaceae) 149 Ervatamia subcapitata (see Tabernaemontana subcapitata; Apocynaceae) 149 Erycibe citriniflora (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe coriacea (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe expansa (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe fragrans (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe glaucescens (Convolvulaceae) 198 Index to Scientific Names 528 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Erycibe glomerata (see Erycibe citriniflora; Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe griffithii (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe malaccensis (Convolvulaceae) 198 Erycibe paniculata (see Erycibe peguensis; Convolvulaceae) 199 Erycibe peguensis (Convolvulaceae) 199 Erycibe stapfiana (Convolvulaceae) 199 Erycibe subspicata (Convolvulaceae) 199 Erycibe wallichii (see Erycibe citriniflora; Convolvulaceae) 198 Eryngium foetidum (Apiaceae) 145 Erythrina arborescens (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina bisetosa (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina crista-galli (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina fusca (Fabaceae) 25, 243 Erythrina holosericea (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina lithosperma (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina stricta (Fabaceae) 243 Erythrina suberosa (Fabaceae) 244 Erythrina subumbrans (Fabaceae) 244 Erythrina variegata (Fabaceae) 244 Erythrina variegata var. picta (see Erythrina variegata; Fabaceae) Erythrodes hirsuta (Orchidaceae) 78 Erythropalum scandens (Olacaceae) 317 Erythropalum vagum (Olacaceae) 317 Erythropsis colorata (see Firmiana colorata; Sterculiaceae) 376 Erythropsis fulgens (see Firmiana fulgens; Sterculiaceae) 376 Erythrorchis ochobiensis (Orchidaceae) 78 Erythroxylum burmanicum (see Erythroxylum cuneatum; Erythroxylaceae) 222 Erythroxylum cuneatum (Erythroxylaceae) 222 Erythroxylum kunthianum (Erythroxylaceae) 223 Erythroxylum monogynum (Erythroxylaceae) 223 Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae) 322 Esmeralda clarkei (Orchidaceae) 78 Etlingera araneosa (Zingiberaceae) 121 Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae) 121 Etlingera linguiformis (Zingiberaceae) 121 Etlingera littoralis (Zingiberaceae) 121 Etlingera sulphurea (Zingiberaceae) 121 Eucalyptus albens (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus amygdalina (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus cinerea (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus citriodora (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus comuta (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus deglupta (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus microcorys (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus obliqua (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus ovata (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus pilularis (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus ptychocarpa (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus radiata (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus resinifera (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus saligna (Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus stuartiana (see Eucalyptus ovata; Myrtaceae) 311 Eucalyptus tereticornis (Myrtaceae) 312 Eucalyptus torelliana (Myrtaceae) 312 Eucalyptus viminalis (Myrtaceae) 312 Eucharis grandiflora (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Euchlaena mexicana (see Zea mays; Poaceae) 115 Eugenia albiflora (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia amplexicaulis (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia andamanica (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia aquea (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia balsamea (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia barringtonii (see Syzygium attenuatum; Myrtaceae) 313 Eugenia brachiata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia bracteata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia bracteolata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia claviflora (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia contracta (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia corymbosa (see Syzygium pycnanthum; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia cuminii (see Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae) 313 Eugenia cuneata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia densiflora (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia diospyrifolia (see Syzygium diospyrifolium; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia formosa (see Syzygium formosum; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia formosa var. ternifolia (see Syzygium formosum; Myrtaceae) Eugenia grata (see Syzygium gratum; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia helferi (see Syzygium helferi; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia inophylla (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia jambos (see Syzygium jambos; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia khasiana (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia kunstleri (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia kurzii (see Syzygium kurzii; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia laeta (see Syzygium laetum; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia lepidocarpa (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia macrocarpa (see Syzygium megacarpum; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia malaccense (see Syzygium malaccense; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia mangifolia (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia manii (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia megacarpa (see Syzygium malaccense; Myrtaceae) 314 Eugenia oblata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia occidentalis (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia operculata (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia paniala (see Cleistocalyx nervosum; Myrtaceae) 311 Eugenia pellucida (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia praecox (see Syzygium praecox; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia praetermissa (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia pseudosubtilis (see Syzygium cinereum; Myrtaceae) 313 Eugenia punctifolia (see Syzygium thumra; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia rubens (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia rubricaulis (Myrtaceae) 312 Eugenia smaliana (see Syzygium subrufum; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia spissa (see Syzygium angkae; Myrtaceae) 313 Eugenia syzygioides (see Syzygium syzygioides; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia toddalioides (see Syzygium toddalioides; Myrtaceae) 315 Eugenia toddalioides var. latifolia (see Syzygium toddalioides; Myrtaceae) Eugenia tristis (Myrtaceae) 313 Eugenia venusta (Myrtaceae) 313 Eulalia biconuta (Poaceae) 102 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 529 Eulalia birmanica (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia fimbriata (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia hirtifolia (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia manipurensis (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia pallens (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia phaeothrix (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia quadrinervis (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia speciosa (Poaceae) 102 Eulalia trispicata (Poaceae) 102 Eulaliopsis binata (Poaceae) 102 Eulophia andamanensis (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia bicallosa (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia bicarinata (see Eulophia bicallosa; Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia bracteosa (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia burkei (see Eulophia spectabilis; Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia burmanica (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia campestris (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia flava (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia graminea (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia holochila (see Eulophia spectabilis; Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia lachnocheila (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia macrobulbon (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia macrostachya (see Eulophia pulchra; Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia nuda (see Eulophia spectabilis; Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia promensis (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia pulchra (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia spectabilis (Orchidaceae) 78 Eulophia zollingeri (Orchidaceae) 78 Euodia fraxinifolia (see Tetradium fraxinifolium; Rutaceae) 360 Euodia latifolia (see Melicope latifolia; Rutaceae) 359 Euodia lunu-ankenda (see Melicope lunu-ankenda; Rutaceae) 359 Euodia macrophylla (see Melicope accedens; Rutaceae) 359 Euodia meliaefolia (see Tetradium glabrifolium; Rutaceae) 360 Euodia triphylla (see Melicope triphylla; Rutaceae) 359 Euodia vestita (see Tetradium daniellii; Rutaceae) 360 Euodia viticina (see Melicope viticina; Rutaceae) 359 Euonymus acanthocarpus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus acanthocarpus var. longipes (see Euonymus acanthocarpus; Celastraceae) Euonymus amygdalifolius (see Euonymus frigidus; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus burmanicus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus calocarpus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus cochinchinensis (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus cornutoides (see Euonymus cornutus; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus cornutus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus echinatus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus forbesianus (see Euonymus laxiflorus; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus fortunei (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus frigidus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus frigidus var. wardii (see Euonymus frigidus; Celastraceae) Euonymus fusiformis (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus garinoides (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus glaber (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus grandiflorus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus griffithii (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus hamiltonianus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus javanicus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus javanicus var. timorensis (see Euonymus javanicus; Celastraceae) Euonymus kachinensis (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus lawsonii (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus laxiflorus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus longipes (see Euonymus acanthocarpus; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus sclerocarpus (see Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus subsulcatus (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus theifolius (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus timorensis (see Euonymus cochinchinensis; Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus tingens (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus vagans (Celastraceae) 191 Euonymus wardii (Celastraceae) 191 Eupatorium cannabinum (Asteraceae) 162 Eupatorium lindleyanum (Asteraceae) 162 Eupatorium odoratum (see Chromolaena odorata; Asteraceae) 160 Euphorbia antiquorum (Euphorbiaceae) 29, 228 Euphorbia atoto (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia burmanica (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia clavidigitata (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia cyanophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia epiphylloides (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia geniculata (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia hypericifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia kingdon-wardii (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia kuraiana (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia lacei (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia laciniata (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia laetea (Euphorbiaceae) 228 Euphorbia microphylla (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia milii (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia minbuensis (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia neriifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia nivulia (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia parkeri (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia pilulifera (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia prolifera (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia pucherrima (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia pucherrima var. alba (see Euphorbia pucherrima; Euphorbiaceae) Euphorbia royleana (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia scabrifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia sessiliflora (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia sikkimensis (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia tavoyensis (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia thymifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia tirucalli (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphorbia trigona (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Euphoria longan (see Dimocarpus longan; Sapindaceae) 363 Euphrasia kingdon-wardii (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Eurya acuminata (Theaceae) 381 Eurya cavinervis (Theaceae) 381 Eurya cerasifolia (Theaceae) 381 Eurya chinensis (Theaceae) 381 Eurya groffii (Theaceae) 381 Eurya handeliana (Theaceae) 381 Index to Scientific Names 530 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Eurya japonica (Theaceae) 381 Eurya japonica var. nitida (see Eurya japonica; Theaceae) Eurya nitida (Theaceae) 381 Eurya nitida var. aurescens (see Eurya nitida; Theaceae) Eurya stenophylla (Theaceae) 381 Eurya urophylla (Theaceae) 381 Eurya wardii (Theaceae) 381 Euryale ferox (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Eurycles amboinensis (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae) 373 Eustachys distichophylla (Poaceae) 102 Evolvulus alsinoides (Convolvulaceae) 199 Evolvulus nummularius (Convolvulaceae) 199 Exacum bicolor (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum hamiltonii (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum petiolare (Gentianaceae) 475 Exacum pteranthum (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum stylosum (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum sutaepense (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum teres (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum tetragonum (Gentianaceae) 259 Exacum tetragonum var. stylosa (see Exacum tetragonum; Gentianaceae) Exbucklandia populnea (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Excoecaria agallocha (Euphorbiaceae) 29, 229 Excoecaria cochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Excoecaria formosana (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Excoecaria holophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Excoecaria oppositifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Excoecaria orientalis (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Fagara hamiltoniana (see Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum; Rutaceae) 360 Fagara ovalifolia (see Zanthoxylum ovalifolium; Rutaceae) 360 Fagara oxyphylla (see Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum; Rutaceae) 361 Fagara scandens (see Zanthoxylum scandens; Rutaceae) 361 Fagopyrum cymosum (see Fagopyrum dibotrys; Polygonaceae) 327 Fagopyrum dibotrys (Polygonaceae) 327 Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae) 327 Fagopyrum tataricum (Polygonaceae) 327 Fagraea auriculata (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea birmanica (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea carnosa (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea ceilanica (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea fragrans (Loganiaceae) 24, 283 Fagraea morindaefolia (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea obvata (Loganiaceae) 283 Fagraea racemosa (Loganiaceae) 283 Feronia elephantum (see Limonia acidissima; Rutaceae) 359 Ferula asafoetida (Apiaceae) 145 Festuca burmanica (Poaceae) 102 Fibraurea chloroleuca (see Fibraurea tinctoria; Menispermaceae) 297 Fibraurea tinctoria (Menispermaceae) 297 Ficus affinis (Moraceae) 303 Ficus altissima (Moraceae) 303 Ficus annulata (Moraceae) 303 Ficus auriculata (Moraceae) 303 Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae) 303 Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) 303 Ficus benjamina var. comosa (see Ficus benjamina; Moraceae) Ficus bhotanica (Moraceae) 303 Ficus callicarpa (Moraceae) 303 Ficus callosa (Moraceae) 303 Ficus caloneura (Moraceae) 303 Ficus carica (Moraceae) 303 Ficus chartacea (Moraceae) 303 Ficus chittagonga (Moraceae) 303 Ficus chrysocarpa (see Ficus fulva; Moraceae) 304 Ficus cinerascens (Moraceae) 304 Ficus clavata (Moraceae) 304 Ficus comosa (Moraceae) 304 Ficus consociata (Moraceae) 304 Ficus cunia (Moraceae) 304 Ficus drupacea (Moraceae) 304 Ficus elastica (Moraceae) 304 Ficus euphylla (Moraceae) 304 Ficus excelsa (Moraceae) 304 Ficus filicauda (Moraceae) 304 Ficus fistulosa (Moraceae) 304 Ficus foveolata (Moraceae) 304 Ficus foveolata var. maliformis (see Ficus foveolata; Moraceae) Ficus fulva (Moraceae) 304 Ficus geniculata (Moraceae) 304 Ficus gibbosa (see Ficus tinctoria; Moraceae) 306 Ficus gibbosa var. cuspidifera (see Ficus tinctoria; Moraceae) Ficus glabella (Moraceae) 304 Ficus glaberrima (Moraceae) 304 Ficus glandulifera (Moraceae) 304 Ficus globosa (Moraceae) 304 Ficus glomerata (Moraceae) 304 Ficus grisea (Moraceae) 304 Ficus heteromorpha (Moraceae) 304 Ficus heterophylla (Moraceae) 304 Ficus heteropleura (Moraceae) 304 Ficus hirta (Moraceae) 304 Ficus hirta var. roxburghii (see Ficus hirta; Moraceae) Ficus hispida (Moraceae) 304 Ficus incisa (Moraceae) 304 Ficus indica (Moraceae) 304 Ficus infectoria (see Ficus virens; Moraceae) 306 Ficus insignis (Moraceae) 305 Ficus ischnopoda (Moraceae) 305 Ficus kurzii (Moraceae) 305 Ficus lacor (Moraceae) 305 Ficus laevis (Moraceae) 305 Ficus lamponga (Moraceae) 305 Ficus lanceolata (Moraceae) 305 Ficus lepicarpa (Moraceae) 305 Ficus lepidosa (see Ficus lamponga; Moraceae) 305 Ficus maclellandi (Moraceae) 305 Ficus macropoda (Moraceae) 305 Ficus miquelii (see Ficus schwarzii; Moraceae) 306 Ficus montana (Moraceae) 305 Ficus mysoriensis (Moraceae) 305 Ficus mysoriensis var. subrepanda (see Ficus mysoriensis; Moraceae) Ficus nemoralis (Moraceae) 305 Ficus neriifolia (Moraceae) 305 Ficus nervosa (Moraceae) 305 Ficus obpyramidata (Moraceae) 305 Ficus obscura (Moraceae) 305 Ficus obtusifolia (Moraceae) 305 Ficus oligodon (Moraceae) 305 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 531 Ficus palmata (Moraceae) 305 Ficus peduncularis (Moraceae) 305 Ficus pilosa (see Ficus drupacea; Moraceae) 304 Ficus pisifera (Moraceae) 305 Ficus pomifera (see Ficus oligodon; Moraceae) 305 Ficus praetermissa (Moraceae) 305 Ficus prominens (Moraceae) 305 Ficus pubigera (Moraceae) 305 Ficus pumila (Moraceae) 305 Ficus pyriformis var. ischnopoda (see Ficus ischnopoda; Moraceae) Ficus quercifolia (see Ficus montana; Moraceae) 305 Ficus ramentacea (see Ficus sagittata; Moraceae) 306 Ficus regia (Moraceae) 305 Ficus religiosa (Moraceae) 305 Ficus retusa (Moraceae) 306 Ficus rhododendrifolia (Moraceae) 306 Ficus ribes (Moraceae) 306 Ficus rostrata (Moraceae) 306 Ficus roxburghii (Moraceae) 306 Ficus rumphii (Moraceae) 306 Ficus saemocarpa (Moraceae) 306 Ficus sagittata (Moraceae) 306 Ficus scandens (Moraceae) 306 Ficus schwarzii (Moraceae) 306 Ficus semicordata (Moraceae) 306 Ficus sikkimensis (Moraceae) 306 Ficus silhetensis (Moraceae) 306 Ficus smaragdina (Moraceae) 306 Ficus subrepanda (Moraceae) 306 Ficus subulata (Moraceae) 306 Ficus sundaica (Moraceae) 306 Ficus thomsoni (Moraceae) 306 Ficus tinctoria (Moraceae) 306 Ficus triloba (Moraceae) 306 Ficus urophylla (see Ficus heteropleura; Moraceae) 304 Ficus variegata (Moraceae) 306 Ficus vasculosa (Moraceae) 306 Ficus virens (Moraceae) 306 Filicium decipiens (Sapindaceae) 363 Fimbristylis acicularis (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis aestivalis (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis annua (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis asperrima (see Fimbristylis dura; Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis cinnamometorum (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis complanata (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis compressa (see Fimbristylis pubisquama;, Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis cyperoides (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis cyperoides var. cinnamometorum (see Fimbristylis cyperoides; Cyperaceae) Fimbristylis dichotoma (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis dipsacea (Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis disticha (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis dura (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis eragrostis (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis falcata (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis ferruginea (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis fimbristyloides (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis globulosa (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis junciformis (see Fimbristylis falcata; Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis merguensis (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis miliacea (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis monostachya (see Abildgaardia ovata; Cyperaceae) 50 Fimbristylis nigrobrunnea (see Fimbristylis eragrostis; Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis nutans (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis pauciflora (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis pubisquama (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis quinquangularis (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis salbundia (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis setacea (see Fimbristylis acicularis,; Cyperaceae) 54 Fimbristylis spiralis (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis squarrosa (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis tenuicula (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis tetragona (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis thomsonii (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis tomentosa (Cyperaceae) 55 Fimbristylis trichocaulis (Cyperaceae) 55 Finlaysonia obovata (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Fioria vitifolia (Malvaceae) 289 Firmiana colorata (Sterculiaceae) 27, 376 Firmiana fulgens (Sterculiaceae) 376 Fissistigma bicolor (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma bracteolatum (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma minuticalyx (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma rubiginosum (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma scandens (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma thorelii (Annonaceae) 142 Fissistigma verrucosum (Annonaceae) 142 Fittonia albivenis (Acanthaceae) 127 Fittonia argyroneura (see Fittonia albivenis; Acanthaceae) 127 Flacourtia cataphracta (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia helferi (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia indica (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia inermis (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia mollis (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia ramontchi (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia rotundifolia (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia sapida (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia sepiaria (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flacourtia sumatrana (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Flagellaria indica (Flagellariaceae) 30, 59 Flemingia angusta (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia chappar (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia congesta (see Flemingia macrophylla; Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia congesta var. wightiana (see Flemingia macrophylla; Fabaceae) Flemingia cordifolia (Fabaceae) 475 Flemingia fluminalis (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia helferiana (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia involucrata (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia lacei (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia macrophylla (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia paniculata (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia stricta (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia strobilifera (Fabaceae) 244 Flemingia wallichii (Fabaceae) 244 Fleurya interrupta (see Laportea interrupta; Urticaceae) 387 Flickingeria angustifolia (Orchidaceae) 78 Index to Scientific Names 532 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Flickingeria appendiculata (Orchidaceae) 78 Flickingeria convexa (Orchidaceae) 79 Flickingeria fimbriata (Orchidaceae) 79 Flickingeria grandiflora (Orchidaceae) 79 Flickingeria laciniosa (Orchidaceae) Flickingeria macraei (Orchidaceae) 79 Flickingeria parishii (Orchidaceae) 79 Floscopa scandens (Commelinaceae) 48 Flueggea leucopyrus (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Flueggea virosa (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) 145 Forrestia hookeri (see Amischotolype hookeri; Commelinaceae) 48 Fragaria elatior (Rosaceae) 337 Fragaria indica (Rosaceae) 337 Fragaria nilgerrensis (Rosaceae) 337 Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) 337 Fragaria vesca (Rosaceae) 337 Fraxinus floribunda (Oleaceae) 317 Fraxinus griffithii (Oleaceae) 317 Freycinetia angustifolia (Pandanaceae) 90 Friesodielsia discolor (Annonaceae) 142 Friesodielsia fornicata (Annonaceae) 142 Friesodielsia maclellandii (Annonaceae) 142 Friesodielsia unonaefolia (Annonaceae) 142 Fritillaria roylei (Liliaceae) 61 Fuchsia magellanica (Onagraceae) 320 Fuirena ciliaris (Cyperaceae) 55 Fuirena glomerata (see Fuirena ciliaris; Cyperaceae) 55 Fuirena pubescens (Cyperaceae) 55 Fuirena wallichiana (Cyperaceae) 55 Furcraea foetida (Agavaceae) 37 Furcraea gigantea (Agavaceae) 37 Furcraea tuberosa (Agavaceae) 37 Gaertnera lasianthoides (Loganiaceae) 283 Gagnepainia godefroyi (Zingiberaceae) 121 Gahnia javanica (Cyperaceae) 55 Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae) 162 Galactia oxyphylla (Fabaceae) 244 Galearia filiformis (Pandaceae) 321 Galearia fulva (Pandaceae) 321 Galearia helferi (Pandaceae) 321 Galearia phlebocarpa (see Galearia fulva; Pandaceae) 321 Galearia wallichii (see Galearia fulva; Pandaceae) 321 Galeola altissima (see Erythrorchis ochobiensis; Orchidaceae) 78 Galeola kuhlii (see Galeola nudiflora; Orchidaceae) 79 Galeola lindleyana (Orchidaceae) 79 Galeola nudiflora (Orchidaceae) 79 Galeola pusilla (see Cephalanthera pusilla; Orchidaceae) 68 Galeopsis tetrahit (Lamiaceae) 271 Galinsoga parviflora (Asteraceae) 162 Galium asperifolium (Rubiaceae) 346 Galium punduanum (Rubiaceae) 346 Galium rotundifolium (Rubiaceae) 346 Galium sikkimense (Rubiaceae) 346 Galphimia glauca (Malpighiaceae) 288 Galphimia gracilis (Malpighiaceae) 288 Gamblea longipes (Araliaceae) 152 Garcinia anomala (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia choisyana (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia cornea (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia cowa (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia dulcis (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia elliptica (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia heterandra (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia lancaefolia (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia mangostana (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia merguensis (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia microstigma (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia moulmeinensis (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia nigrolineata (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia paniculata (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia pedunculata (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia rostrata (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia speciosa (Hypericaceae) 267 Garcinia stipulata (Hypericaceae) 268 Garcinia succifolia (Hypericaceae) 268 Garcinia xanthochymus (Hypericaceae) 268 Gardenia campanulata (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia coronaria (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia cuneata (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia dasycarpa (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia erythroclada (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia hygrophila (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia ixoraefolia (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia jasminoides (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia lucida (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia obtusifolia (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia sessiliflora (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia sootepensis (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardenia turgida (Rubiaceae) 346 Gardneria ovata (Loganiaceae) 283 Garnotia acutigluma (Poaceae) 102 Garnotia normanii (Poaceae) 102 Garnotia patula (Poaceae) 102 Garnotia patula var. mutica (see Garnotia patula; Poaceae) Garnotia stricta (Poaceae) 102 Garnotia tenella (Poaceae) 102 Garuga pinnata (Burseraceae) 179 Gastrochilus acutifolium (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus bellinus (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus bigibbus (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus calceolaris (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus distichus (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus intermedius (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus longifolia (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus obliquus (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus pechei (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus platycalcaratus (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus pulcherrima (Orchidaceae) 79 Gastrochilus sukhakulii (Orchidaceae) 79 Gaultheria cardiosepala (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria discolor (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria fragrantissima (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria griffithiana (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria hookeri (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria hypochlora (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria laxiflora (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria minuta (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria nummularioides (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria punctata (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria pyrolaefolia (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria pyroloides (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria semi-infera (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria sinensis (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria stapfiana (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria thymifolia (Ericaceae) 215 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 533 Gaultheria trichophylla (Ericaceae) 215 Gaultheria yunnanensis (Ericaceae) 215 Geissaspis cristata (Fabaceae) 244 Gelonium bifarium (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Gelonium glomerulatum (Euphorbiaceae) 229 Gelonium multiflorum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Gelsemium elegans (Loganiaceae) 283 Genianthus auriantiacus (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Genianthus bicoronatus (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Genianthus laurifolius (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Geniosporum coloratum (Lamiaceae) 271 Geniosporum strobiliferum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gentiana bomareoides (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana brandisii (Gentianaceae) 475 Gentiana bryophylla (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana burmensis (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana campanulata (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana capitata (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana caryophyllea (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana cephalantha (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana coelestis (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana crassa (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana crawfurdioides (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana cuneibarba (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana damyonensis (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana decorata (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana exquisita (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana fascicularis (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana filistyla (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana gilvostriata (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana handeliana (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana infelix (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana kurroo (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana masonii (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana melvillei (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana membranacea (see Tripterospermum membranaceum; Gentianaceae) 261 Gentiana microphyta (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana microtophora (see Gentiana infelix; Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana muscicola (Gentianaceae) 259 Gentiana napulifera (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana nubigena (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana nudicaulis (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana oreodoxa (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana otophora (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana pedicellata (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana phyllocalyx (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana quadrifaria (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana recurvata (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana rigescens (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana saltuum (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana serra (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana setulifolia (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana sichitoensis (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana sikkimensis (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana sinkuensis (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana sino-ornata (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana streptopoda (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana veitchiorum (Gentianaceae) 260 Gentiana wardii (Gentianaceae) 260 Geodorum attenuatum (Orchidaceae) 79 Geodorum citrinum (Orchidaceae) 79 Geodorum densiflorum (Orchidaceae) 79 Geodorum dilatatum (see Geodorum recurvum; Orchidaceae) 79 Geodorum purpureum (see Geodorum densiflorum; Orchidaceae) 79 Geodorum recurvum (Orchidaceae) 79 Geophila reniformis (Rubiaceae) 346 Geranium nepalense (Geraniaceae) 261 Geranium pogonanthum (Geraniaceae) 261 Geranium polyanthes (Geraniaceae) 261 Geranium refractum (Geraniaceae) 261 Geranium wardii (Geraniaceae) 261 Geranium yunnanense (Geraniaceae) 261 Gerbera jamesonii (Asteraceae) 162 Gerbera piloselloides (Asteraceae) 163 Germainia khasiana (Poaceae) 102 Germainia lanipes (Poaceae) 102 Getonia floribunda (Combretaceae) 195 Gigantochloa apus (Poaceae) 102 Gigantochloa auriculata (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa compressa (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa kachinensis (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa kathaensis (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa macrostachya (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa manggong (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa mogaungensis (Poaceae) 479 Gigantochloa nigrociliata (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa tekserah (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa toungooensis (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa verticillata (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa wallichiana (Poaceae) 479 Gigantochloa wanet (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa wrayi (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa wunthoensis (Poaceae) 103 Gigantochloa yunzalinensis (Poaceae) 103 Ginalloa helferi (Viscaceae) 392 Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoaceae) 34 Girardinia heterophylla (Urticaceae) 386 Girardinia palmata (Urticaceae) 386 Girardinia zeylanica (Urticaceae) 387 Gironniera burmanica (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera cuspidata (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera longifolia (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera lucida (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera nervosa (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera reticulata (Ulmaceae) 385 Gironniera subaequalis (Ulmaceae) 385 Gisekia pharnaceoides (Gisekiaceae) 264 Gladiolus gandavensis (Iridaceae) 60 Gladiolus primulinus (Iridaceae) 60 Gleditsia microcarpa (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Gleditsia sinensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Gleditsia sinensis var. nana (see Gleditsia sinensis; Caesalpiniaceae) Glinus lotoides (Molluginaceae) 302 Glinus oppositifolius (Molluginaceae) 302 Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae) 244 Globba arracanensis (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba bracteolata (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba bulbifera (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba canarensis (see Globba expansa; Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba cernua (Zingiberaceae) 12] Globba expansa (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba hookeri (Zingiberaceae) 121 Index to Scientific Names 534 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Globba insectifera (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba kerrii (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba laeta (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba macroclada (Zingiberaceae) 121] Globba marantina (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba mogokensis (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba multiflora (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba orixensis (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba pauciflora (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba pendula (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba racemosa (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba refractibulbigera (see Globba sessiliflora; Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba schomburgkii (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba sessiliflora (Zingiberaceae) 121 Globba stenothyrsa (Zingiberaceae) 122 Globba subscaposa (Zingiberaceae) 122 Globba substrigosa (Zingiberaceae) 122 Globba versicolor (Zingiberaceae) 48 | Globba winitii (Zingiberaceae) 122 Glochidion arboreum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion assamicum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion brunneum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion coccineum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion coronatum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion daltoni (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion dasystylum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion desmogyne (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion fagifolium (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion gamblei (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion glaucifolium (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion heyneanum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion hirsutum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion hohenackeri (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion hongkongense (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion insulare (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion kerrii (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion laevigatum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion lanceolarium (see Phyllanthus lanceolarius; Euphorbiaceae) 233 Glochidion leiostylum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion multiloculare (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion nanogynum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion nepalense (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion nubigenum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion obscurum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion sphaerogynum (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion subscandens (Euphorbiaceae) 230 Glochidion subsessile (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Glochidion subterblancum (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Glochidion superbum (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Glochidion velutinum (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Glochidion villicaule (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Gloriosa rothschildiana (Colchicaceae) 48 Gloriosa superba (Colchicaceae) 48 Glossocardia bosvallia (Asteraceae) 163 Glossocarya mollis (Verbenaceae) 389 Gloxinia perennis (Gesneriaceae) 263 Gluta coarctata (Anacardiaceae) 138 Gluta elegans (Anacardiaceae) 138 Gluta elegans var. helferi (see Gluta elegans; Anacardiaceae) Gluta longipetiolata (Anacardiaceae) 138 Gluta renghas (Anacardiaceae) 138 Gluta tavoyana (Anacardiaceae) 138 Glycine grahami (Fabaceae) 244 Glycine max (Fabaceae) 244 Glycosmis chlorosperma (Rutaceae) 358 Glycosmis citrifolia (see Glycosmis parviflora; Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis cochinchinensis (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis cyanocarpa var. cymosa (see Glycosmis cyanocarpa; Rutaceae) Glycosmis macrophylla (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis mansiana (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis parkinsonii (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis parviflora (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis pentaphylla (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis pseudosapindoides (Rutaceae) 359 Glycosmis sapindoides (see Glycosmis macrophylla; Rutaceae) 359 Glycyrrhiza glabra (Fabaceae) 244 Glyptopetalum calocarpum (Celastraceae) 191 Glyptopetalum quadrangulare (Celastraceae) 191 Glyptopetalum sclerocarpum (Celastraceae) 191 Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) 25, 389 Gmelina asiatica (Verbenaceae) 389 Gmelina elliptica (Verbenaceae) 389 Gmelina philippinensis (Verbenaceae) 389 Gnaphalium adnatum (Asteraceae) 163 Gnaphalium flaccidum (Asteraceae) 163 Gnaphalium hypoleucum (Asteraceae) 163 Gnaphalium indicum (Asteraceae) 163 Gnaphalium luteoalbum (Asteraceae) 163 Gnaphalium luteoalbum var. multiceps (see Gnaphalium luteoalbum; Asteraceae) Gnetum gnemon (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum latifolium (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum macrostachyum (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum montanum (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum neglectum (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum oblongum (Gnetaceae) 34 Gnetum scandens (Gnetaceae) 34 Gomphandra crassipes (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphandra lanceolata (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphandra penangiana (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphandra polymorpha (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphandra serrata (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphandra tomentella (Icacinaceae) 269 Gomphia hookeri (see Brackenridgea hookeri; Ochnaceae) 316 Gomphia sumatrana (see Campylospermum serratum; Ochnaceae) 316 Gomphogyne heterosperma (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gomphostemma acaule (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma crinitum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma javanicum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma lacei (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma lucidum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma oblongum (see Gomphostemma javanicum; Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma parvifloum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma strobilinum (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphostemma strobilinum var. viridis (see Gomphostemma strobilinum; Lamiaceae) Gomphostemma wallichii (Lamiaceae) 271 Gomphrena celosioides (Amaranthaceae) 137 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 535 Gomphrena globosa (Amaranthaceae) 137 Gonatanthus pumilus (Araceae) 42 Gongronema nepalense (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Goniocaulon glabrum (Asteraceae) 163 Gonioscypha eucomioides (Convallariaceae) 49 Goniothalamus burmanicus (see Friesodielsia maclellandii; Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus griffithii (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus latestigma (see Goniothalamus undulatus; Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus meeboldii (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus peduncularis (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus sawtehii (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus sesquipedalis (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus tavoyensis (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus tenasserimensis (Annonaceae) 142 Goniothalamus undulatus (Annonaceae) 142 Gonocaryum gracile (Icacinaceae) 269 Gonocaryum griffithianum (Icacinaceae) 269 Gonocaryum lobbianum (Icacinaceae) 269 Gonocaryum wallichii (Icacinaceae) 269 Goodyera foliosa (Orchidaceae) 79 Goodyera procera (Orchidaceae) 79 Goodyera schlechtendaliana (Orchidaceae) 80 Gordonia anomala (Theaceae) 381 Gordonia axillaris (Theaceae) 381 Gordonia chrysandra (Theaceae) 381 Gossypium arboreum (Malvaceae) 289 Gossypium arboreum fa. bengalense (see Gossypium arboreum; Malvaceae) Gossypium arboreum fa. burmanica (see Gossypium arboreum; Malvaceae) Gossypium arboreum var. bengalense (see Gossypium arboreum; Malvaceae) Gossypium arboreum var. burmanicum (see Gossypium arboreum; Malvaceae) Gossypium arboreum var. indicum (see Gossypium arboreum; Malvaceae) Gossypium barbadense (Malvaceae) 289 Gossypium herbaceum (Malvaceae) 289 Gossypium hirsutum (Malvaceae) 289 Gouania brandisii (Rhamnaceae) 335 Gouania leptostachya (Rhamnaceae) 335 Gouania microcarpa (Rhamnaceae) 335 Grammatophyllum speciosum (Orchidaceae) 80 Grangea maderaspatana (Asteraceae) 163 Graptophyllum pictum (Acanthaceae) 127 Greenea jackii (Rubiaceae) 346 Greenea parkinsonii (Rubiaceae) 346 Greenea wightiana (Rubiaceae) 346 Grevillea robusta (Proteaceae) 331 Grewia abutilifolia (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia acuminata (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia asiatica (Tillaceae) 383 Grewia aspera (see Grewia abutilifolia; Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia calophylla (see Microcos calophylla; Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia damine (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia denticulata (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia elastica (see Grewia eriocarpa; Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia elatostemoides (see Grewia eriocarpa; Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia eriocarpa (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia excelsa (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia glabra (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia helicterifolia (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia hirsuta (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia humilis (Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia lacei (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia laevigata (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia microcos (see Microcos paniculata; Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia microstemma (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia multiflora (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia paniculata (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia polygama (see Grewia rothi; Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia rothii (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia sapida (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia scabrida (see Grewia acuminata; Tiliaceae) 383 Grewia scabrophylla (see Grewia sclerophylla; Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia sclerophylla (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia serrulata (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia sinuata (see Microcos sinuata; Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia subinaequalis (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia tiliifolia (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia tomentosa (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia umbellata (Tiliaceae) 384 Grewia vestita (see Grewia eriocarpa; Tiliaceae) 383 Grona filicaulis (Fabaceae) 244 Grona grahamii (Fabaceae) 244 Grosourdya appendiculata (Orchidaceae) 80 Guadua macrostachya (Poaceae) 103 Guazuma tomentosa (see Guazuma ulmifolia; Sterculiaceae) 376 Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae) 376 Guettarda speciosa (Rubiaceae) 346 Guioa diplopetala (Sapindaceae) 363 Guioa fuscidula (Sapindaceae) 363 Guioa pleuropteris (Sapindaceae) 363 Guioa spathulata (see Lepisanthes tetraphylla; Sapindaceae) 363 Guioa squamosa (see Guioa diplopetala; Sapindaceae) 363 Guizotia abyssinica (Asteraceae) 163 Gunnarorchis perpusilla (Orchidaceae) 80 Gustavia augusta (Lecythidaceae) 281 Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) 281 Gutzlaffia glandulosa (see Strobilanthes serrata; Acanthaceae) 133 Gymnadenia sesamoides (Orchidaceae) 80 Gymnanthemum andersonii (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum arboreum (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum cylindriceps (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum obovatum (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum solanifolium (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum vidalii (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium (Asteraceae) 163 Gymnema acuminatum (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema balsamicum (Asclepiadaceae) 473 Gymnema glabrum (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema griffithii (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema hirsutum (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema lacei (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema lactiferum (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema molle (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnema shanense (see Pentasacme shanense; Asclepiadaceae) 156 Gymnema tingens (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Gymnocladus burmanicus (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Index to Scientific Names 536 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Gymnocladus chinensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 183 Gymnopetalum chinense (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gymnopetalum conchinchinense (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gymnopetalum integrifolium (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gymnopetalum quinquelobum (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gymnopogon delicatulus (Poaceae) 103 Gymnosporia acuminata (see Maytenus acuminata; Celastraceae) 192 Gymnosporia montana (Celastraceae) 191 Gymnosporia oblanceolata (Celastraceae) 191 Gymnosporia pallida (Celastraceae) 191 Gymnosporia thomsoni (see Maytenus thomsonii; Celastraceae) 192 Gymnostachyum leptostachyum (Acanthaceae) 128 Gymnostachyum trilobum (Acanthaceae) 128 Gynandropsis gynandra (Capparaceae) 187 Gynandropsis speciosa (Capparaceae) 187 Gynocardia odorata (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Gynocardia prainii (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Gynopogon breviflorum (Apocynaceae) 148 Gynostemma burmanica (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gynostemma laxa (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Gynotroches axillaris (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Gynura angulosa (see Gynura cusimbua; Asteraceae) 163 Gynura crepidioides (Asteraceae) 163 Gynura cusimbua (Asteraceae) 163 Gynura nepalensis (Asteraceae) 163 Gynura nitida (Asteraceae) 163 Gynura pseudochina (Asteraceae) 163 Gypsophila elegans (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Gypsophila paniculata (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Gyrocarpus americanus (Hernandiaceae) 265 Gyrocarpus jacquinii (Hernandiaceae) 265 Habenaria acuifera (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria aitchisoni (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria arietina (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria avana (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria bambusetorum (see Peristylus gracilis; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria brandisii (see Peristylus tipuliferus; Orchidaceae) 86 Habenaria chlorina (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria commelinifolia (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria constricta (see Peristylus constrictus; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria corticicola (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria corymbosa (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria cubitalis (Orchidaceae) 478 Habenaria dentata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria dentirostrata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria digitata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria ditricha (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria fulva (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria furcifera (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria furfuracea (see Habenaria malleifera; Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria galeandra (see Brachycorythis galeandra; Orchidaceae) 65 Habenaria goodyeroides (see Peristylus goodyeroides; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria gracillima (see Peristylus mannii; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria lacertifera (see Peristylus lacertiferus; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria latifolia (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria linearis (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria longibracteata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria lucida (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria malintana (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria malleifera (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria mandersii (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria marginata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria massoniana (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria mientienensis (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria monophylla (see Ponerorchis monophylla; Orchidaceae) 87 Habenaria ophiocephala (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria parageniculata (Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria parishii (see Peristylus parishii; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria pectinata (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria pelorioides (see Habenaria malintana; Orchidaceae) 80 Habenaria prainii (see Peristylus prainii; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria prazeri (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria rodgeri (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria roseotincta (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenania rostrata (Orchidaceae) 8 1 Habenana shweliensis (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria spatulaefolia (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria stenostachya (see Peristylus densus; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria susannae (see Pecteilis susannae; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria tentaculata (see Peristylus tentaculatus; Orchidaceae) 85 Habenaria travancorica (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria trichosantha (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria triquetra (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria vidua (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria yomensis (Orchidaceae) 81 Habenaria yunnanensis (Orchidaceae) 81 Hackelochloa granularis (see Mnesithea granularis; Poaceae) 106 Hackelochloa porifera (see Mnesithea granularis; Poaceae) 106 Haemanthus coccineus (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Haemanthus multiflorus (Amaryllidaceae) 38 Haemaria discolor (see Ludisia discolor; Orchidaceae) 82 Haemaria discolor var. dawsoniana (see Ludisia discolor; Orchidaceae) Halenia elliptica (Gentianaceae) 260 Halopegia blumei (Marantaceae) 62 Halophila becearii (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Halophila ovalis (Hydrocharitaceae) 59 Haloragis isomera (see Haloragis philipinensis; Haloragaceae) 265 Haloragis philipinensis (Haloragaceae) 265 Hamelia patens (Rubiaceae) 346 Hanguana malayana (Hanguanaceae) 59 Hapaline benthamiana (Araceae) 42 Hapaline ellipticifolia (Araceae) 42 Haplophragma adenophylla (see Heterophragma adenophylla; Bignoniaceae) 173 Harpullia cupanioides (Sapindaceae) 363 Harrisonia brownii (Simaroubaceae) 373 Harrisonia perforata (Simaroubaceae) 26, 28-29, 373 Hedera helix (Araliaceae) 152 Hedera himalaica (see Hedera nepalensis; Araliaceae) 152 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 537 Hedera nepalensis (Araliaceae) 152 Hedychium bordelonianum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium coccineum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium coronarium (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium elatum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium ellipticum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium flavum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium forrestii (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium gomezianum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium gracile (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium gracile var. glaucum (see Hedychium gracile; Zingiberaceae) Hedychium marginatum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium spicatum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium stenopetalum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium thyrsiforme (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium venustum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedychium villosum (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hedyotis argentea (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis arguta (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis biflora (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis capitellata (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis congesta (see Hedyotis philippinensis; Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis connata (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis coronaria (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis corymbosa (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis diffusa (see Oldenlandia diffusa; Rubiaceae) 353 Hedyotis dimorpha (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis elegans (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis glabra (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis glauca (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis helferi (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis hispida (see Hedyotis verticillata; Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis lineata (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis macrophylla (see Hedyotis tetrandra; Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis nitida (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis nodiflora (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis ovatifolia (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis philippinensis (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis pinifolia (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis prostrata (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis scaberula (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis scabra (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis scandens (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis tavoyensis (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis tenelliflora (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis tetrandra (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis uncinella (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis verticillata (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis vestita (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedyotis wallichii (Rubiaceae) 347 Hedysarum fistulosum (Fabaceae) 244 Heleocharis coarctata (Cyperaceae) 474 Heleocharis palustris (see Eleocharis palustris; Cyperaceae) 54 Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae) 163 Helianthus bracteatum (Asteraceae) 473 Helianthus decapetalus (Asteraceae) 163 Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae) 163 Helicia erratica (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia excelsa (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia glabrata (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia incisa (see Heliciopsis incisa; Proteaceae) 332 Helicia nilagirica (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia obscurinervis (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia petiolaris (Proteaceae) 331 Helicia pyrrhobotrya (Proteaceae) 332 Helicia robusta (Proteaceae) 332 Helicia salicifolia (see Helicia excelsa; Proteaceae) 331 Helicia terminalis (Proteaceae) 332 Heliciopsis incisa (Proteaceae) 332 Helicodiceras crinitus (see Helicodiceras muscivorus; Araceae) 42 Helicodiceras muscivorus (Araceae) 42 Heliconia bihai (Heliconiaceae) 59 Heliconia caribaea (Heliconiaceae) 59 Heliconia humilis (see Heliconia stricta; Heliconiaceae) 59 Heliconia latispatha (Heliconiaceae) 59 Heliconia psittacorum (Heliconiaceae) 59 Heliconia stricta (Heliconiaceae) 59 Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres angustifolia var. obtusa (see Helicteres angustifolia; Sterculiaceae) Helicteres elongata (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres glabriuscula (see Helicteres plebeja; Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres hirsuta (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres isora (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres lanata (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres obtusa (see Helicteres angustifolia; Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres plebeja (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres spicata (see Helicteres hirsuta; Sterculiaceae) 376 Helicteres viscida (Sterculiaceae) 376 Helictotrichon burmanicum (Poaceae) 103 Helinus lanceolatus (Rhamnaceae) 335 Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) 176 Heliotropium ovalifolium (Boraginaceae) 176 Heliotropium paniculatum (Boraginaceae) 176 Heliotropium strigosum (Boraginaceae) 177 Heliotropium supinum (Boraginaceae) 177 Helipterum roseum (Asteraceae) 164 Helixanthera cylindrica (Loranthaceae) 284 Helleborus niger (Ranunculaceae) 334 Helwingia himalaica (Cornaceae) 202 Helwingia rusciflora (Cornaceae) 202 Helwingia rusciflora var. angustifolia (see Helwingia rusciflora; Cornaceae) Hemarthria altissima (Poaceae) 103 Hemarthria compressa (Poaceae) 103 Hemarthria longiflora (Poaceae) 103 Hemarthria protensa (Poaceae) 103 Hemerocallis fulva (Hemerocallidaceae) 59 Hemicyclia andamanica (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hemicyclia sumatrana (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hemidesmus indicus (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hemigraphis alternata (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis colorata (see Hemigraphis alternata; Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis elegans (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis flaccida (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis flava (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis glaucescens (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis griffithiana (Acanthaceae) 128 Hemigraphis quadrifaria (Acanthaceae) 128 Index to Scientific Names 538 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hemigyrosa canescens (see Lepisanthes tetraphylla; Sapindaceae) 363 Hemiorchis burmanica (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hemiorchis pantlingil (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hemiorchis plantingii (see Hemiorchis pantlingi; Zingiberaceae) 122 Hemiorchis rhodorrhachis (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hemiphragma heterophyllum (Scrophulariaceae) 368 Hemipilia amethystina (see Hemipilia calophylla; Orchidaceae) 81 Hemipilia calophylla (Orchidaceae) 81 Hemipilia cordifolia (Orchidaceae) 81 Hemisorghum mekongense (Poaceae) 103 Hemistrepta lyrata (Asteraceae) 164 Hemsleya heterosperma (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Henckelia reptans (Gesneriaceae) 263 Henosis longipes (see Bulbophyllum longipes; Orchidaceae) 66 Henslowia buxifolia (see Dendrotrophe buxifolia; Santalaceae) 362 Henslowia collettii (Santalaceae) 362 Henslowia granulata (Santalaceae) 362 Henslowia heterantha (Santalaceae) 362 Henslowia shanensis (Santalaceae) 362 Henslowia varians (Santalaceae) 362 Heptapleurum elatum (Araliaceae) 152 Heptapleurum glaucum (see Schefflera elata; Araliaceae) 152 Heptapleurum hypoleucum (see Schefflera hypoleuca; Araliaceae) 153 Heptapleurum lawranceanum (see Schefflera lawranceana; Araliaceae) 153 Heptapleurum venulosum (Araliaceae) 152 Heracleum barmanicum (Apiaceae) 145 Heracleum biternatum (Apiaceae) 145 Heracleum candicans (Apiaceae) 145 Heritiera burmensis (Sterculiaceae) 376 Heritiera elata (Sterculiaceae) 481 Heritiera fomes (Sterculiaceae) 29, 376 Heritiera javanica (Sterculiaceae) 376 Heritiera littoralis (Sterculiaceae) 376 Heritiera macrophylla (Sterculiaceae) 481 Herminium angustifolium (Orchidaceae) 81 Herminium lanceum (Orchidaceae) 81 Hernandia ovigera (Hernandiaceae) 265 Hesperethusa crenulata (Rutaceae) 28, 359 Hetaeria affinis (Orchidaceae) 81 Hetaeria helferi (see Hetaeria oblongifolia; Orchidaceae) 81 Hetaeria oblongifolia (Orchidaceae) 81 Hetaeria rubens (see Hetaeria affinis; Orchidaceae) 81 Heteropanax fragrans (Araliaceae) 152 Heterophragma adenophylla (Bignoniaceae) 27, 173 Heterophragma sulfureum (Bignoniaceae) 173 Heteropogon contortus (Poaceae) 103 Heteropogon insignis (see Heteropogon triticeus; Poaceae) 104 Heteropogon ritchiei (Poaceae) 104 Heteropogon triticeus (Poaceae) 104 Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hewittia bicolor (see Hewittia malabarica; Convolvulaceae) 199 Hewittia malabarica (Convolvulaceae) 199 Heynea trijuga (Meliaceae) 295 Hibiscus abelmoschus (see Abelmoschus moschatus; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus cancellatus (see Abelmoschus crinitus; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus cannabinus (Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus decaspermus (Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus diversifolius (Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus esculentus (see Abelmoschus esculentus; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus ficulneus (see Abelmoschus ficulneus; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus flavotrichus (see Hibiscus decaspermus; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus floccosus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus florcosus (Malvaceae) 477 Hibiscus fragrans (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus fragrans var. glabrus (see Hibiscus fragrans; Malvaceae) Hibiscus furcatus (see Hibiscus hispidissimus; Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus grewiaefolius (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus heterophyllus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus hispidissimus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus hostilis (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus lunarifolius (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus macrophyllus (see Talipariti macrophyllum; Malvaceae) 291 Hibiscus manihot (see Abelmoschus manihot; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus micranthus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus mutabilis (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus ovalifolius (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus panduriformis (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus parkinsonii (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus procerus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus pungens (see Abelmoschus manihot; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus radiatus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. schizopetalus (see Hibiscus rosa- sinensis; Malvaceae) Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. variegatus (see Hibiscus rosa- sinensis; Malvaceae) Hibiscus sabdariffa (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus scandens (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus schizopetalus (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus surattensis (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus syriacus (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus tetraphyllus (see Abelmoschus manihot; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus tiliaceus (see Talipariti tiliaceum; Malvaceae) 291 Hibiscus trionum (Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus venustus (see Hibiscus mutabilis; Malvaceae) 290 Hibiscus venustus var. brandisii (see Hibiscus ovalifolius; Malvaceae) Hibiscus vitifolius (see Fioria vitifolia; Malvaceae) 289 Hibiscus vulpinus (see Talipariti macrophyllum; Malvaceae) 291 Hibiscus watson (Malvaceae) 290 Hippeastrum puniceum (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Hippeastrum reticulatum (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Hippocratea arborea (Celastraceae) 191 Hippocratea fuscescens (Celastraceae) 191 Hippocratea indica (Celastraceae) 192 Hippocratea lobbii (Celastraceae) 192 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 539 Hippocratea macrantha (Celastraceae) 192 Hippocratea obtusifolia (Celastraceae) 192 Hippocratea pallida (Celastraceae) 192 Hippocratea pentandra (Celastraceae) 192 Hippocratea serrata (Celastraceae) 192 Hippuris vulgaris (Hippuridaceae) 265 Hiptage acuminata (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage arborea (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage benghalensis (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage candicans (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage madablota (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage malaiensis (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage obtusifolia (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hiptage sericea (Malpighiaceae) 288 Hitchenia careyana (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hitchenia glauca (Zingiberaceae) 122 Hodgsonia heteroclita (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Holarrhena antidysenterica (see Holarrhena pubescens; Apocynaceae) 148 Holarrhena mitis (Apocynaceae) 472 Holarrhena pubescens (Apocynaceae) 148 Holboellia latifolia (Lardizabalaceae) 275 Holcoglossum amesianum (Orchidaceae) 81 Holcoglossum amesianum fa. album (see Holcoglossum amesianum; Orchidaceae) Holcoglossum kimballianum (Orchidaceae) 81 Holcoglossum subulifolium (Orchidaceae) 81 Holigarna albicans (Anacardiaceae) 138 Holigarna helferi (Anacardiaceae) 138 Holigarna kurzii (Anacardiaceae) 138 Holigarna longifolia (Anacardiaceae) 138 Holmskioldia sanguinea (Verbenaceae) 389, 483 Holoptelea integrifolia (Ulmaceae) 385 Holostemma annularis (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Homalium bhamoense (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium burmanicum (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium foetidum (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium grandiflorum (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium griffithianum (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium longifolium (Flacourtiaceae) 257 Homalium minutiflorum (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Homalium propinquum (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Homalium schleichii (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Homalium tomentosum (Flacourtiaceae) 25-26, 258 Homalomena rubescens (Araceae) 42 Homalomena truncata (Araceae) 42 Homonoia riparia (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hopea apiculata (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea griffithii (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea helferi (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea micrantha (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea minutiflora (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea oblongifolia (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hopea odorata (Dipterocarpaceae) 24, 208 Hopea sangal (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Hordeum hexastichon (see Hordeum vulgare; Poaceae) 104 Hordeum vulgare (Poaceae) 104 Horsfieldia globularia (Myristicaceae) 307 Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) 366 Hoya bella (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya burmanica (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya carnosa (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya commutata (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya dickasoniana (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya diversifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya erythrostemma (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya fusca (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya kingdonwardii (Asclepiadaceae) 155 Hoya lanceolata (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya linearis (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya longifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya manipurensis (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya micrantha (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya multiflora (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya myanmarica (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya obtusifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya parasitica (see Hoya verticillata; Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya parviflora (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hoya verticillata (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Hullettia griffithiana (Moraceae) 306 Humulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) 186 Hunteria atroviridis (see Chilocarpus atroviridis; Apocynaceae) 147 Hunteria corymbosa (see Hunteria zeylanica; Apocynaceae) 148 Hunteria zeylanica (Apocynaceae) 148 Hura crepitans (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hydnocarpus anthelmintica (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnocarpus dawnensis (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnocarpus heterophyllus (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnocarpus kurzii (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnocarpus macrocarpa (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnocarpus verrucosus (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Hydnophytum formicarium (Rubiaceae) 347 Hydnora angustifolia (Hydnoraceae) 265 Hydrangea aspera (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea hortensia (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea macrophylla (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea pottingeri (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea robusta (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea robusta var. griffithiana (see Hydrangea robusta; Hydrangeaceae) Hydrangea stylosa (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea subferruginea (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea xanthoneura (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrangea yunnanensis (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Hydrobryum griffithii (Podostemaceae) 325 Hydrocera triflora (Balsaminaceae) 169 Hydrocharis dubia (Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Hydrocotyle burmanica (Apiaceae) 145 Hydrocotyle javanica (Apiaceae) 145 Hydrocotyle rotundifolia (Apiaceae) 145 Hydrolea zeylanica (Hydrophyllaceae) 266 Hydrolythrum wallichii (see Rotala wallichii; Lythraceae) 287 Hygrochilus parishii (Orchidaceae) 81 Hygrophila auriculata (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila dimidiata (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila phlomoides (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila phlomoides var. roxburghii (see Hygrophila phlomoides; Acanthaceae) Hygrophila polysperma (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila quadrivalvis (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila salicifolia (Acanthaceae) 128 Hygrophila schulii (Acanthaceae) 128 Index to Scientific Names 540 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Hygrophila spinosa (see Hygrophila auriculata; Acanthaceae) 128 Hygroryza aristata (Poaceae) 104 Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Poaceae) 104 Hymenachne assamica (Poaceae) 104 Hymenachne pseudointerrupta (Poaceae) 104 Hymenandra narayanaswamii (Myrsinaceae) 310 Hymenocallis littoralis (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Hymenocallis speciosa (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Hymenocardia punctata (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Hymenodictyon excelsum (see Hymenodictyon orixense; Rubiaceae) 348 Hymenodictyon flaccidum (Rubiaceae) 347 Hymenodictyon orixense (Rubiaceae) 348 Hymenopogon parasiticus (Rubiaceae) 348 Hymenopyramis brachiata (Verbenaceae) 389 Hyoscyamus niger (Solanaceae) 373 Hyparrhenia filipendula (Poaceae) 104 Hyparrhenia rufa (Poaceae) 104 Hypericum bellum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum bellum subsp. latisepalum (see Hypericum bellum; Hypericaceae) Hypericum burmanicum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum cordifolium (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum elodeoides (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum henryi (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum henryi subsp. hancockii (see Hypericum henryi; Hypericaceae) Hypericum hookerianum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum japonicum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum lacei (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum monanthemum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum mysorense (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum nepaulense (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum pachyphyllum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum patulum (Hypericaceae) 268 Hypericum sampsoni (Hypericaceae) 268 Hyphear delavayi (Loranthaceae) 284 Hyphear odoratum (Loranthaceae) 284 Hypobathrum racemosum (Rubiaceae) 348 Hypoestes triflora (Acanthaceae) 128 Hypolytrum latifolium (see Hypolytrum nemorum; Cyperaceae) 55 Hypolytrum nemorum (Cyperaceae) 55 Hypoxis aurea (Hypoxidaceae) 60 Hypserpa nitida (Menispermaceae) 297 Hyptianthera stricta (Rubiaceae) 348 Hyptis brevipes (Lamiaceae) 271 Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae) 271 Hyssopus officinalis (Lamiaceae) 271 Iberis amara (Brassicaceae) 178 Iberis umbellata (Brassicaceae) 178 Ichnanthus foliolosus (see Yakirra foliolosa; Poaceae) 115 Ichnanthus pallens (Poaceae) 104 Ichnanthus pallens var. majus (see Ichnanthus pallens; Poaceae) Ichnanthus vicinus (see Ichnanthus pallens; Poaceae) 104 Ichnocarpus frutescens (Apocynaceae) 148 Ichnocarpus polyanthus (Apocynaceae) 148 Ichnocarpus volubilis (see Ichnocarpus frutescens; Apocynaceae) 148 Ilex atrata (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex burmanica (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex corallina (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex crenata (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex cymosa (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex cyrtura (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex dipyrena (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex dipyrena var. paucispinosus (see Ilex dipyrena; Aquifoliaceae) /lex embelioides (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex englishii (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex fragilis (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex franchetiana (Aquifoliaceae) 150 Ilex georgei (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex georgei var. rugosa (see Ilex georgei; Aquifoliaceae) Ilex godajam (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex griffithii (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex hookeri (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex intricata (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex macrophylla (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex melanotricha (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex micrococea (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex nothofagacifolia (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex perayi (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex perryana (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex sulcata (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex theaefolia (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex thomsoni (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex umbellulata (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex venulosa (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Hex wallichii (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex wardii (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Ilex yunnanensis (Aquifoliaceae) 151 Illictum burmanicum (Illiciaceae) 269 Illictum cambodianum (Illiciaceae) 269 Ilicium griffithii (Illiciaceae) 269 Illicium majus (Illiciaceae) 269 Illicium manipurense (Illiciaceae) 269 Illicium merrillianum (Illiciaceae) 269 Illicium wardii (Illiciaceae) 269 Ilicium yunnanense (Illiciaceae) 269 Illigera coryzadenia (Hernandiaceae) 265 Illigera khasiana (Hernandiaceae) 265 Illigera kurzii (Hernandiaceae) 265 /lligera nervosa (Hernandiaceae) 265 Illigera villosa (Hernandiaceae) 265 Ilysanthes parviflora (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Ilysanthes ruelleodes (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Impatiens allanii (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens andersoni (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens arguta (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens balsamina (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens brandisii (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens burmanica (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens capillipes (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens cathcartii (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens ceratophora (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens chimiliensis (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens chinensis (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens circaeoides (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens clavicuspis (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens craddockii (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens curvipes (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens delicata (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens ecalcarata (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens erubescens (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens florulenta (Balsaminaceae) 169 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 541 Impatiens helferi (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens jurpia (Balsaminaceae) 169 Impatiens kachinensis (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens kamtilongensis (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens lacei (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens laevigata (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens masoni (Balsaminaceae) 170 /mpatiens micromeris (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens mokimi (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens parishii (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens parkinsonii (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens peguana (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens porphyrea (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens pritchardii (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens pulchra (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens radiata (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens rangoonensis (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens reticulata (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens sarissiformis (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens siculifera (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens sinlumiensis (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens tavoyana (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens thomsoni (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens toppinii (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens tripetala (Balsaminaceae) 170 Impatiens violaeflora (Balsaminaceae) 170 /mpatiens xanthina (Balsaminaceae) 170 Imperata conferta (Poaceae) 104 Imperata contracta (Poaceae) 104 Imperata cylindrica (Poaceae) 104 Imperata cylindrica subvar. koenigii (see Imperata koenigii; Poaceae) Imperata exaltata (Poaceae) 104 Imperata koenigii (Poaceae) 104 Indigofera anil (Fabaceae) 244 Indigofera atropurpurea (Fabaceae) 244 Indigofera bella (Fabaceae) 244 Indigofera brunoniana (Fabaceae) 244 Indigofera caloneura (Fabaceae) 244 Indigofera cuneaphylla (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera dosua (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera emmae (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera endecaphylla (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera enneaphylla (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera galegoides (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera gerardiana (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera hamiltoni (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera hirsuta (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera hover (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera howellii (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera lacei (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera linifolia (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera maymyoensis (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera meghalayensis (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera minbuensis (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera nigrescens (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera pulchella (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera reticulata (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera squalida (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera stachyodes (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera tinctoria (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera trita (Fabaceae) 245 Indigofera viscosa (Fabaceae) 245 Indochloa clarkei (Poaceae) 104 Indochloa oligantha (Poaceae) 104 Indopolysolenia burmanica (Rubiaceae) 348 Intsia bijuga (Caesalpiniaceae) 29, 183 Intsia palembanica (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Inula cappa (Asteraceae) 164 Inula divaricatum (Asteraceae) 164 Inula eupatorioides (Asteraceae) 164 Inula paludosa (Asteraceae) 164 Inula polygonata (Asteraceae) 164 Inula rubricaulis (Asteraceae) 164 lodes brandisii (Icacinaceae) 269 lodes ovalis (Icacinaceae) 269 Ione flavescens (Orchidaceae) 81 lone grandiflora (Orchidaceae) 81 Jone kachinensis (Orchidaceae) 81 Tone rimannii (Orchidaceae) 81 Ione salweenensis (see Ione rimannii; Orchidaceae) 82 Tone scariosa (Orchidaceae) 82 Iphigenia indica (Colchicaceae) 48 Ipomoea aculeata (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea alba (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea angustifolia (see Xenostegia tridentata; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea aquatica (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea batatas (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea biflora (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea cairica var. gracillima (see Ipomoea cairica; Convolvulaceae) Ipomoea campanulata (see Ipomoea soluta; Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea carnea (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (see Ipomoea carnea; Convolvulaceae) Ipomoea coccinea (see Ipomoea hederifolia; Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea cymosa (see Merremia umbellata; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea dasysperma (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea digitata (see Ipomoea mauritiana; Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea edithae (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea eriocarpa (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea fistulosa (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea gomezii (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea gracillima (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea grandiflora (see Stictocardia tiliifolia; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea hederacea (see Ipomoea nil; Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea hederifolia (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea indica (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea kingii (see Merremia kingii; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea learii (see Ipomoea indica; Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea linifolia (see Merremia hirta; Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea littoralis (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea lobata (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea marginata (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea mauritiana (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea maxima (see Ipomoea marginata; Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea nana (Convolvulaceae) 199 Ipomoea nil (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea obscura (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea palmata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Index to Scientific Names 542 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Ipomoea pentaphylla (see Merremia aegyptia; Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae) 30, 200 Ipomoea pes-tigridis (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea petaloidea (see Operculina petaloidea; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea pileata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea popahensis (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea quamoclit (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea quinata (see Merremia quinata; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea sepiaria (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea soluta (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea strigosa (Convolvulaceae) 200 /pomoea sumatrana (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea trichosperma (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea triloba (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea tuberosa (see Merremia tuberosa; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea turbinata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Ipomoea vitifolia (see Merremia vitifolia; Convolvulaceae) 201 Ipomoea yomae (see Ipomoea aculeata; Convolvulaceae) 199 Iris chrysographes (Iridaceae) 60 Iris clarkei (Iridaceae) 60 Iris collettii (Iridaceae) 60 Iris dolichosiphon (Iridaceae) 60 Iris germanica (Iridaceae) 60 Iris goniocarpa (Iridaceae) 60 Iris japonica (Iridaceae) 60 Iris kamaonensis (Iridaceae) 60 lris wattii (Iridaceae) 60 Irvingia malayana (Irvingiaceae) 269 Irvingia oliveri (Irvingiaceae) 270 Isachne albens (see Isachne buettneri; Poaceae) 104 Isachne australis (see Isachne globosa; Poaceae) 104 Isachne buettneri (Poaceae) 104 Isachne clarkei (Poaceae) 104 Isachne confusa (Poaceae) 104 Isachne dispar (Poaceae) 104 Isachne elegans (Poaceae) 104 Isachne globosa (Poaceae) 104 Isachne himalaica (Poaceae) 104 Isachne javana (Poaceae) 104 Isachne kinabaluensis (Poaceae) 104 Isachne miliacea (Poaceae) 104 Isachne pulchella (see Sphaerocaryum malaccense; Poaceae) 113 Isachne rigida (Poaceae) 105 Isachne scabrosa (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum aristatum (see Ischaemum goebelii; Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum burmanicum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum duthiei (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum goebelii (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum hirtum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum imbricatum (see Ischaemum goebelii; Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum indicum (see Polytrias indica; Poaceae) 110 Ischaemum lacei (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum mangaluricum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum molle (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum muticum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum nilagiricum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum petiolare (see Microstegium petiolare; Poaceae) 106 Ischaemum rugosum (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum timorense (Poaceae) 105 Ischaemum tumidum (Poaceae) 105 Iseilema argutum (Poaceae) 105 Iseilema laxum (Poaceae) 105 Iseilema prostratum (Poaceae) 105 Ismelia versicolor (Asteraceae) 164 Isolepis setacea (Cyperaceae) 55 Isonandra polyantha (Sapotaceae) 365 Isopyrum adiantifolium (Ranunculaceae) 334 Isotoma longiflora (Campanulaceae) 185 Itea chinensis (Escalloniaceae) 223 Itea macrophylla (Escalloniaceae) 223 Itea riparia (Escalloniaceae) 223 Ixeridium sagittarioides (Asteraceae) 164 Ixeris polycephala (Asteraceae) 164 Ixeris sagittarioides (see Ixeridium sagittanoides; Asteraceae) 164 Ixonanthes chinensis (Ixonanthaceae) 270 Ixora aciculiflora (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora acuminata (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora amherstiensis (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora amoena (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora andamanensis (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora arborea (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora arguta (see Lxora nigricans; Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora barbata (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora birmahica (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora brandisiana (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora brunnescens (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora brunonis (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora butterwickii (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora capituliflora (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora chinensis (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora coccinea (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora coccinea fa. lutea (see Ixora coccinea; Rubiaceae) Ixora compactiflora (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora congesta (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora cuneifolia (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora cuneifolia var. puberula (see Ixora cuneifolia; Rubiaceae) Ixora decus-silvae (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora diversifolia (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora eludens (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora erubescens (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora finlaysoniana (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora fluminalis (see Ixora grandifolia; Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora fulgens (Rubiaceae) 348 Ixora glaucina (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora grandifolia (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora hymenophylla (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora javanica (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora javanica var. grandiflora (see |xora javanica; Rubiaceae) Ixora kachinensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora keenanii (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora kingdon-wardii (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora lacei (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora lacuum (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora lutea (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora mandalayensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora maymyensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 543 Ixora meeboldii (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora meeboldii var. oblonga (see Ixora meeboldii; Rubiaceae) Ixora memecylifolia (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora merguensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora multibracteata (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora myitkyinensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora nigricans (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora oblonga (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora obtusiloba (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora opaca (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora orophila (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora ovalifolia (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora parkeri (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora pseudojavanica (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora pubirama (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora rangonensis (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora recurva (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora rosea (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora roseituba (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora rugosula (Rubiaceae) 349 Ixora salwenensis (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora spectabilis (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora stricta (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora symphorantha (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora tavoyana (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora tomentosa (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora tunicata (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora undulata (Rubiaceae) 350 Ixora villosa (Rubiaceae) 350 Jacaranda acutifolia (Bignoniaceae) 174 Jacaranda rhombifolia (Bignoniaceae) 174 Jacobinia carnea (see Justicia carnea; Acanthaceae) 128 Jacquemontia paniculata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Jansenella griffithiana (Poaceae) 105 Jasminum anastomosans (Oleaceae) 317 Jasminum angustifolium (Oleaceae) 317 Jasminum arborescens (Oleaceae) 317 Jasminum attenuatum (Oleaceae) 317 Jasminum auriculatum (Oleaceae) 317 Jasminum brevipetiolatum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum caudatum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum coarctatum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum decipiens (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum decussatum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum dispermum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum dispermum subsp. forrestianum (see Jasminum dispermum; Oleaceae) Jasminum diversifolium (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum diversifolium var. glabricymosum (see Jasminum diversifolium; Oleaceae) Jasminum duclouxii (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum elongatum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum excellens (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum extensum (see Jasminum funale; Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum farreri (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum flexile (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum funale (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum glandulosum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum grandiflorum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum griffithii (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum heterophyllum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum humile (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum laetum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum lanceolaria (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum lanceolarium (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum latipetalum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum laurifolium (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum laurifolium var. brachyloba (see Jasminum laurifolium; Oleaceae) Jasminum listeri (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum mesnyi (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum multiflorum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum nervosum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum nobile (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum pericallianthum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum rigidum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum rottlerianum (Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum roxburghianum (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum sambac (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum scalarinerve (see Jasminum dispermum; Oleaceae) 318 Jasminum scandens (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum sessiliflorum (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum simplicifolium (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum smalianum (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum subglandulosm (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum subtriplinerve (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum syringaefolium (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum trineuron (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum undulatum (Oleaceae) 319 Jasminum velutinum (Oleaceae) 319 Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha glandulifera (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha gossypifolia (Euphorbiaceae) 28-29, 231 Jatropha hastata (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha integerrima (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha multifida (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha podagrica (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Jatropha pungens (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) 270 Juncellus inundatus (see Cyperus inundatus; Cyperaceae) 53 Juncus bufonius (Juncaceae) 60 Juncus cephalostigma (Juncaceae) 61 Juncus concinnus (Juncaceae) 61 Juncus grisebachii (Juncaceae) 61 Juncus membranaceus (Juncaceae) 61 Juncus prismatocarpus (Juncaceae) 61 Juniperus chinensis (Cupressaceae) 33 Juniperus communis (Cupressaceae) 33 Juniperus coxii (Cupressaceae) 33 Juniperus recurva (Cupressaceae) 33 Juniperus squamata (Cupressaceae) 33 Jurinea edulis (Asteraceae) 164 Jurinea salwinensis (Asteraceae) 164 Jurinea taraxacifolia (Asteraceae) 164 Jussiaea erecta (see Ludwigia octovalvis; Onagraceae) 320 Jussiaea repens (see Ludwigia adscendens; Onagraceae) 320 Jussiaea suffruticosa (see Ludwigia octovalvis; Onagraceae) 320 Jussiaea tenella (Onagraceae) 477 Justicia adhatoda (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia alternifolia (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia andrographioides (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia argyrostachya (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia atkinsoni (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia boerhaaviaefolia (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia brandisii (Acanthaceae) 128 Index to Scientific Names 544 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Justicia burmanica (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia caloneura (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia carnea (Acanthaceae) 128 Justicia dasycarpa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia decussata (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia diffusa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia fasciculata (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia flaccida (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia flagelliformis (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia flava (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia fragilis (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia gendarussa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia grandifolia (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia grossa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia helferi (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia kurzit (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia montana (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia neurantha (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia patentiflora (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia procumbens (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia simplex (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia vagans (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia valida (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia valida var. glandulosa (see Justicia valida; Acanthaceae) Justicia vasculosa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia vasculosa var. parishii (see Justicia vasculosa; Acanthaceae) Justicia ventricosa (Acanthaceae) 129 Justicia zollingeriana (Acanthaceae) 129 Kadsura calophylla (Schisandraceae) 367 Kadsura coccinea (Schisandraceae) 367 Kadsura heteroclita (Schisandraceae) 367 Kadsura interior (Schisandraceae) 367 Kadsura scandens (Schisandraceae) 480 Kaempferia andersoni (Zingiberaceae) 122 Kaempferia candida (Zingiberaceae) 122 Kaempferia coronarium (Zingiberaceae) 481 Kaempferia coronarium var. chrysoleucum (Zingiberaceae) 481 Kaempferia elegans (Zingiberaceae) 122 Kaempferia galanga (Zingiberaceae) 122 Kaempferia gilbertii (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia indica (Zingiberaceae) 482 Kaempferia involucrata (see Stahlianthus involucratus; Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia luteum (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia macrochlamys (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia marginata (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia moulmeinensis (Zingiberaceae) 482 Kaempferia ovalifolia (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia pandurata (see Boesenbergia rotunda; Zingiberaceae) 120 Kaempferia parviflora (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia roscoeana (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia rotunda (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia secunda (see Caulokaempfera secunda; Zingiberaceae) 120 Kaempferia siphonantha (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaempferia speciosa (Zingiberaceae) 123 Kaisupeea herbacea (Gesneriaceae) 263 Kalanchoe integra (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalanchoe laciniata (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalanchoe multicaule (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalanchoe pinnata (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalanchoe trifidum (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalanchoe trulliperalum (Crassulaceae) 202 Kalimeris indica (Asteraceae) 164 Kalimpongia narajitii (Orchidaceae) 82 Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Katherinea coelogyne (see Epigeneium amplum; Orchidaceae) 76 Kayea assamica (Hypericaceae) 268 Kayea floribunda (Hypericaceae) 268 Kayea kunstleri (Hypericaceae) 268 Kayea nervosa (see Mesua nervosa; Hypericaceae) 268 Kayea sukoeana (Hypericaceae) 268 Kedrostis courtallensis (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Kedrostis foetidissima (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Kibatalia arborea (Apocynaceae) 148 Kibatalia macrophylla (Apocynaceae) 148 Kickxia ramosissima (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae) 174 Kigelia pinnata (see Kigelia africana; Bignoniaceae) 174 Kirganelia reticulata (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Kleinhovia hospita (Sterculiaceae) 376 Kleinia grandiflora (Asteraceae) 164 Klemachloa detinens (Poaceae) 105 Knoxia brachycarpa (Rubiaceae) 350 Knoxia corymbosa (Rubiaceae) 350 Knoxia plantaginea (Rubiaceae) 350 Kochia scoparia (Amaranthaceae) 137 Koenigia delicatula (Polygonaceae) 327 Koenigia delicatula subsp. relicta (see Koenigia delicatula; Polygonaceae) Kokoona filiformis (Celastraceae) 192 Kokoona littoralis (Celastraceae) 192 Kopsia fruticosa (Apocynaceae) 148 Korthalsella japonica (Viscaceae) 392 Korthalsella opuntia (see Korthalsella japonica; Viscaceae) 392 Korthalsia flagellaris (Arecaceae) 45 Korthalsia laciniosa (Arecaceae) 45 Korthalsia opuntia (Viscaceae) 473 Korthalsia polystachya (see Korthalsia rigida; Arecaceae) 45 Korthalsia rigida (Arecaceae) 45 Kurrimia paniculata (see Bhesa paniculata; Celastraceae) 190 Kurrimia robusta (Celastraceae) 192 Kydia calycina (Malvaceae) 290 Kydia glabrescens (Malvaceae) 290 Kydia zizyphifolia (Malvaceae) 290 Kyllinga brevifolia (Cyperaceae) 55 Kyllinga cylindrica (Cyperaceae) 55 Kyllinga melanosperma (see Kyllinga nemoralis; Cyperaceae) 56 Kyllinga monocephala (Cyperaceae) 55 Kyllinga nemoralis (Cyperaceae) 56 Kyllinga tenuifolia (Cyperaceae) 56 Kyllinga triceps (see Kyllinga tenuifolia; Cyperaceae) 56 Lablab niger (Fabaceae) 245 Lablab niger var. lignosus (see Lablab niger; Fabaceae) Lachnorhiza piloselloides (Asteraceae) 164 Lactuca graciliflora (see Stenoseris graciliflora; Asteraceae) 167 Lactuca gracilipetiolata (Asteraceae) 164 Lactuca grandiflora (Asteraceae) 164 Lactuca hastata (see Chaetoseris hastata; Asteraceae) 160 Lactuca longifolia (Asteraceae) 164 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 545 Lactuca polycephala (see Ixeris polycephala; Asteraceae) 164 Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) 164 Lactuca souliei (see Syncalathium souliei; Asteraceae) 167 Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Lagerstroemia calyculata (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia collettii (see Lagerstroemia venusta; Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia costa-draconis (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia floribunda (Lythraceae) 26, 286 Lagerstroemia hypoleuca (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia indica (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia macrocarpa (Lythraceae) 26, 286 Lagerstroemia macrocarpa var. reflexa (see Lagerstroemia macrocarpa; Lythraceae) Lagerstroemia parviflora (Lythraceae) 26, 286 Lagerstroemia reginae (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia siamica (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) 30, 286 Lagerstroemia speciosa var. intermedia (see Lagerstroemia speciosa; Lythraceae) Lagerstroemia tomentosa (Lythraceae) 26, 286 Lagerstroemia turbinata (see Lagerstroemia floribunda; Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia venusta (Lythraceae) 286 Lagerstroemia villosa (Lythraceae) 29, 286 Laggera alata (Asteraceae) 164 Laggera aurita (Asteraceae) 164 Laggera flava (Asteraceae) 164 Laggera pterodonta (Asteraceae) 164 Languas galanga (see Alpinia galanga; Zingiberaceae) 119 Languas officinarum (see Alpinia officinarum; Zingiberaceae) 119 Lannea coromandelica (Anacardiaceae) 25-27, 138 Lannea wodier (see Lannea coromandelica; Anacardiaceae) 138 Lansium decandrum (Meliaceae) 295 Lansium domesticum (Meliaceae) 295 Lantana aculeata (Verbenaceae) 389 Lantana indica (Verbenaceae) 389 Lantana sellowiana (Verbenaceae) 389 Lantana trifolia (Verbenaceae) 389 Laportea crenulata (Urticaceae) 387 Laportea interrupta (Urticaceae) 387 Laportea stimulans (see Dendrocnide stimulans; Urticaceae) 386 Larix griffithiana (Pinaceae) 34 Larix potanini (Pinaceae) 35 Lasia aculeata (see Lasia spinosa; Araceae) 42 Lasia spinosa (Araceae) 42 Lasianthus andamanicus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus biermannii (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus burmanicus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus constrictus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus cyanocarpus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus glaberrimus (see Lasianthus lowianus;, Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus helferi (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus hookeri (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus kurzii (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus lancifolius (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus longicauda (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus longipedunculatus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus lowianus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus lucidus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus meeboldii (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus obscurus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus pauciflorus (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus stipularis (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus wallichii (Rubiaceae) 350 Lasianthus wardii (Rubiaceae) 350 Latania commersonii (see Latania lontaroides; Arecaceae) 45 Latania lontaroides (Arecaceae) 45 Lathyrus aphaca (Fabaceae) 245 Lathyrus odoratus (Fabaceae) 245 Lathyrus sativus (Fabaceae) 246 Launaea acaulis (Asteraceae) 164 Launaea pinnatifida (see Launaea sarmentosa; Asteraceae) 164 Launaea sarmentosa (Asteraceae) 164 Lavandula burmanni (Lamiaceae) 271 Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae) 272 Lavandula vera (Lamiaceae) 272 Lawsonia alba (Lythraceae) 286 Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae) 286 Leea acuminata (Leeaceae) 281 Leea aequata (Leeaceae) 281 Leea alata (Leeaceae) 281 Leea aspera (Leeaceae) 282 Leea coccinea (Leeaceae) 282 Leea compactiflora (Leeaceae) 282 Leea crispa (Leeaceae) 282 Leea edgeworthii (Leeaceae) 282 Leea herbacea (Leeaceae) 282 Leea hirta (Leeaceae) 282 Leea indica (Leeaceae) 282 Leea laeta (Leeaceae) 282 Leea macrophylla (Leeaceae) 282 Leea parallela (Leeaceae) 282 Leea pumila (Leeaceae) 282 Leea robusta (Leeaceae) 282 Leea rubra (Leeaceae) 282 Leea tuberculosemen (Leeaceae) 282 Leersia hexandra (Poaceae) 105 Lemna aequinoctialis (Lemnaceae) 61 Lemna paucicostata (Lemnaceae) 476 Lemna polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) 61 Lemna tenera (Lemnaceae) 61 Lemna trisulca (Lemnaceae) 61 Lens culinaris (Fabaceae) 246 Leontopodium alpinum (Asteraceae) 164 Leontopodium aurantiacum (Asteraceae) 165 Leontopodium delavayanum (Asteraceae) 165 Leontopodium forrestianum (Asteraceae) 165 Leontopodium jacotianum (Asteraceae) 165 Leonurus sibiricus (Lamiaceae) 272 Lepidagathis chlorostachya (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis dulcis (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis falcata (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis fasciculata (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis hyalina (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis linearis (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis purpuricaulis (Acanthaceae) 129 Lepidagathis simplex (Acanthaceae) 130 Lepidagathis strobilifera (Acanthaceae) 130 Lepidagathis strobilina (Acanthaceae) 130 Lepidagathis subuninervia (Acanthaceae) 130 Lepidagathis thymifolia (Acanthaceae) 130 Lepidium sativum (Brassicaceae) 178 Index to Scientific Names 546 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Lepionurus oblongifolius (Opiliaceae) 321 Lepionurus sylvestris (Opiliaceae) 321 Lepisanthes andamanica (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes basicardia (see Lepisanthes tetraphylla; Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes browniana (see Lepisanthes tetraphylla; Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes burmanica (see Lepisanthes tetraphylla; Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes erecta (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes granulata (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes senegalensis (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Sapindaceae) 363 Lepistemon binectariferum (Convolvulaceae) 200 Lepistemon wallichii (see Lepistemon binectariferum; Convolvulaceae) 200 Leptadenia reticulata (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Leptaspis urceolata (see Scrotochloa urceolata; Poaceae) 112 Leptoboea glabra (Gesneriaceae) 476 Leptoboea multiflora (Gesneriaceae) 263 Leptochloa chinensis (Poaceae) 105 Leptochloa fusca (Poaceae) 105 Leptochloa neesii (Poaceae) 105 Leptochloa panicea (Poaceae) 105 Leptodermis crassifolia (Rubiaceae) 350 Leptodermis gracilis (Rubiaceae) 351 Leptodermis griffithii (Rubiaceae) 351 Leptodermis wardii (Rubiaceae) 351 Leptonychia caudata (Sterculiaceae) 376 Leptonychia glabra (see Leptonychia caudata; Sterculiaceae) 376 Leptospermum flavescens (see Leptospermum javanicum; Myrtaceae) 313 Leptospermum javanicum (Myrtaceae) 313 Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Lespedeza cuneata (see Lespedeza juncea; Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza decora (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza juncea (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza parviflora (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza pinetorum (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza prainii (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza rogersii (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza sericophylla (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza sessilifolia (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza stenocarpa (Fabaceae) 246 Lespedeza thomsoni (Fabaceae) 246 Lettsomia aggregata (see Argyreia osyrensis; Convolvulaceae) 198 Lettsomia barbata (see Argyreia barbata; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia bracteosa (see Argyreia bracteosa; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia campanuliflora (Convolvulaceae) 200 Lettsomia confusa (see Argyreia confusa; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia emarginata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Lettsomia longifolia (see Argyreia longifolia; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia mastersii (see Argyreia mastersii; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia maymyo (see Argyreia maymyo; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia melvillei (Convolvulaceae) 200 Lettsomia pallida (see Argyreia pallida; Convolvulaceae) 198 Lettsomia peguensis (see Argyreia capitiformis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia setosa (see Argyreia capitiformis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Lettsomia sikkimensis (see Argyreia sikkimensis; Convolvulaceae) 198 Lettsomia sphaerocephala (Convolvulaceae) 200 Lettsomia strigosa (see Argyreia capitiformis; Convolvulaceae) 197 Leucaena glauca (see Leucaena leucocephala; Mimosaceae) 301 Leucaena leucocephala (Mimosaceae) 301 Leucanthemum maximum (Asteraceae) 165 Leucas aspera (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas cephalotes (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas ciliata (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas collettii (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas decemdentata (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas flaccida (see Leucas decemdentata; Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas helferi (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas hyssopifolia (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas lavandulaefolia (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas mollissima (see Leucas decemdentata; Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas mollissima var. angustifolia (see Leucas decemdentata; Lamiaceae) Leucas mollissima var. scaberula (see Leucas decemdentata; Lamiaceae) Leucas mollissima var. strigosa (see Leucas decemdentata; Lamiaceae) Leucas ovata (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas pilosa (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas teres (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucas zeylanica (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucomeris decora (Asteraceae) 165 Leucopogon malayanus (see Styphelia malayana; Epacridaceae) 213 Leucosceptrum canum (Lamiaceae) 272 Leucothoe griffithiana (Ericaceae) 215 Leycesteria formosa (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Leycesteria glaucophylla (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Leycesteria gracilis (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Leycesteria insignis (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Leycesteria stipulata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Libocedrus arizonica (Cupressaceae) 474 Libocedrus decurrens (Cupressaceae) 34 Libocedrus macrolepis (Cupressaceae) 34 Licuala grandis (Arecaceae) 45 Licuala longipes (Arecaceae) 45 Licuala merguensis (Arecaceae) 45 Licuala peltata (Arecaceae) 24, 45 Licuala spinosa (Arecaceae) 45 Ligularia chimiliensis (Asteraceae) 165 Ligularia dentata (Asteraceae) 165 Ligularia hookeri (Asteraceae) 165 Ligularia phyllocolea (Asteraceae) 165 Ligularia racemosa (Asteraceae) 165 Ligularia schizopetala (Asteraceae) 165 Ligustrum confusum (Oleaceae) 319 Ligustrum delavayanum (Oleaceae) 319 Ligustrum lindleyi (Oleaceae) 319 Ligustrum massalongianum (Oleaceae) 319 Ligustrum nepalense (Oleaceae) 319 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 547 Ligustrum robustum (Oleaceae) 319 Lilium arboricola (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium arboricola var. tipicum (see Lilium arboricola; Liliaceae) Lilium bakerianum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium bakerianum var. delavayi (see Lilium bakerianum; Liliaceae) Lilium brownii (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium brownii var. colchesteri (see Lilium brownii; Liliaceae) Lilium candidum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium forrestii (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium giganteum (see Cardiocrinum giganteum; Liliaceae) 61 Lilium giganteum var. yunnanense (see Cardiocrinum giganteum; Liliaceae) Lilium hyacinthinum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium japonicum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium longiflorum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium monadelphum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium nanum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium nepalense (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium ochraceum (see Lilium primulinum; Liliaceae) 61 Lilium ochraceum var. burmanicum (see Lilium primulinum; Liliaceae) Lilium primulinum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium primulinum var. burmanicum (see Lilium primulinum; Liliaceae) Lilium roseum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium rubellum (Liliaceae) 61 Lilium sulphureum (Liliaceae) 62 Lilium tigrinum (Liliaceae) 62 Lilium wallichianum (Liliaceae) 62 Limacia cuspidata (Menispermaceae) 297 Limacia triandra (Menispermaceae) 297 Limacia velutina (Menispermaceae) 297 Limnanthemum indicum (see Nymphoides indica; Menyanthaceae) 298 Limnanthemum parvifolium (see Nymphoides parvifolia; Menyanthaceae) 298 Limnocharis flava (Limnocharitaceae) 62 Limnophila aromatica (see Limnophila chinensis; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila balsamea (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila cana (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila chinensis (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila conferta (see Limnophila repens; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila connata (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila diffusa (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila erecta (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila helferi (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila heterophylla (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila hirsuta (see Limnophila chinensis; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila hypericifolia (see Limnophila connata; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila indica (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila laxa (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila micrantha (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila polyantha (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila pygmaea (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila racemosa (see Limnophila indica; Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila repens (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila rugosa (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophila sessiliflora (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Limnophyton obtusifolium (Alismataceae) 37 Limonia acidissima (Rutaceae) 29, 359 Limonia alternans (Rutaceae) 359 Limonia elephantum (see Limonia acidissima; Rutaceae) 359 Limonia flavicans (Rutaceae) 359 Limonia mauritiana (Rutaceae) 359 Limonia pubescens (Rutaceae) 359 Linaria ramosissima (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindenbergia grandiflora (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindenbergia indica (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindenbergia melvillei (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindenbergia philippinensis (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindenbergia ruderalis (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindera argentea (Lauraceae) 476 Lindera aromatica (Lauraceae) 277 Lindera assamica (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera bifaria (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera caudata (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera cercidifolia (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera dictyophylla (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera hemsleyana (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera hemsleyana var. velutina (see Lindera hemsleyana; Lauraceae) Lindera laureola (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera megaphylla (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera meissneri (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera melastomacea (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera nacusua (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera neesiana (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera nervosa (see Litsea wallichii; Lauraceae) 280 Lindera praetermissa (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera pulcherrima (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera sericea (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera sikkimensis (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera supracostata (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera thomsonii (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera vernayana (Lauraceae) 278 Lindera wardii (Lauraceae) 278 Lindernia anagallis (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindernia angustifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindernia antipoda (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindernia brachiata (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindernia ciliata (Scrophulariaceae) 369 Lindernia cordifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia crustacea (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia elata (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia hyssopoides (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia latifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia mollis (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia molluginoides (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia nummulariifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia pedunculata (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia procumbens (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia punctata (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia rotundifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia ruelloides (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia scabra (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia tenuifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Lindernia viscosa (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Linociera caudata (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera grandiflora (Oleaceae) 319 Index to Scientific Names 548 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Linociera insignis (see Chionanthus macrocarpus; Oleaceae) 317 Linociera intermedia (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera loranthifolia (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera macrophylla (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera minutiflora (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera oblonga (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera paludosa (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera parkinsonii (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera pauciflora (Oleaceae) 319 Linociera ramiflora (Oleaceae) 320 Linociera robertsonii (Oleaceae) 320 Linociera terniflora (Oleaceae) 320 Linostoma decandrum (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Linostoma pauciflorum (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Linostoma scandens (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Linum usitatissimum (Linaceae) 283 Liparis bistriata (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis bituberculata (see Liparis nervosa; Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis bituberculata var. parishii (see Liparis nervosa; Orchidaceae) Liparis bootanensis (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis caespitosa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis chapaensis (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis condylobulbon (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis deflexa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis downii (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis forrestii (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis gibbosa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis grossa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis jovis-pluvii (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis lacerata (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis longipes (see Liparis viridiflora; Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis luteola (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis nervosa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis olivacea (see Acriopsis liliifolia; Orchidaceae) 64 Liparis pachypus (see Liparis bootanensis; Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis paradoxa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis paradoxa var. parishii (see Liparis paradoxa; Orchidaceae) Liparis parishii (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis prazeri (see Liparis deflexa; Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis regnieri (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis siamensis (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis stenoglossa (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis torta (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis viridiflora (Orchidaceae) 82 Liparis wrayi (Orchidaceae) 82 Lipocarpha sphacelata (Cyperaceae) 56 Lipocarpha squarrosa (Cyperaceae) 56 Lippia geminata (Verbenaceae) 389 Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) 389 Liquidambar styraciflua (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae) 287 Listera flabellata (Orchidaceae) 82 Listera unguiculata (Orchidaceae) 82 Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) 363 Lithocarpus acuminata (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus amherstianus (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus calathiformis (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus chittagonga (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus collettii (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus dealbatus (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus dolichostachys (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus elegans (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus encleisacarpus (Fagaceae) 254 Lithocarpus eumorphus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus falconeri (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus fenestrata (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus grandifolia (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus jenkinsii (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus kingianus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus lappaceus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus lindleyanus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus listeri (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus magnificus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus pachyphylla (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus parkinsonii (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus pleiocarpus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus polystachya (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus rodgerianus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus spicatus (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus thomsonii (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus truncata (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus variolosa (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus viridis (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus wrayi (Fagaceae) 255 Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Fagaceae) 255 Litsea albicans (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea amara (see Litsea umbellata; Lauraceae) 280 Litsea amara var. fusco-tomentosa (see Litsea umbellata; Lauraceae) Litsea brachypoda (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea calophylla (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea citrata (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea costalis (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea cuttingiana (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea elongata (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea euosma (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea foliosa (see Neolitsea zeylanica; Lauraceae) 280 Litsea forrestii (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea garrettii (Lauraceae) 278 Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea grandis (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea helferi (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea khasyana (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea kurzii (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea laeta (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea lancifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea lanuginosa (see Neolitsea lanuginosa; Lauraceae) 280 Litsea laurifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea leiantha (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea leiophylla (see Actinodaphne leiophylla; Lauraceae) 275 Litsea longifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea longipes (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea macrophylla (see Actinodaphne sesquipedalis; Lauraceae) 275 Litsea martabanica (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea meissneri (see Litsea khasyana; Lauraceae) 279 Litsea mollifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea monopetala (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea moupinensis (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea myristicaefolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea nitida (Lauraceae) 30, 279 Litsea noronhae (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea nuculanea (Lauraceae) 279 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 549 Litsea oblonga (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea panamanja (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea polyantha (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea pungens (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea rangoonensis (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea robusta (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea rubescens (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea salicifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea santapaui (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea semecarpifolia (Lauraceae) 279 Litsea tomentosa (Lauraceae) 280 Litsea umbellata (Lauraceae) 280 Litsea wallichii (Lauraceae) 280 Litsea wightiana (Lauraceae) 280 Litsea wilsonii (Lauraceae) 280 Livistona chinensis (Arecaceae) 45 Livistona jenkinsiana (Arecaceae) 45 Livistona rotundifolia (Arecaceae) 45 Livistona speciosa (Arecaceae) 45 Lloydia delavayi (Liliaceae) 62 Lloydia forrestii (Liliaceae) 62 Lobelia alsinoides (Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia griffithii (see Lobelia alsinoides; Campanulaceac) 185 Lobelia heyneana (Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia microcarpa (see Lobelia alsinoides; Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia nicotianaefolia (Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia pyramidalis (Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia rosea (Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia trialata (see Lobelia heyneana; Campanulaceae) 185 Lobelia trigona (see Lobelia alsinoides; Campanulaceae) 185 Lobularia maritima (Brassicaceae) 178 Lodoicea maldivica (Arecaceae) 45 Lonicera acuminata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera braceana (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera buchananii (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera chlamydata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera collettii (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera cyanocarpa (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera ferruginea (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera glabrata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera glabrata var. velutina (see Lonicera glabrata; Caprifoliaceae) Lonicera henryi (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera hildebrandiana (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera hispida (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera lanceolata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera leiantha (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera macrantha (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera myrtillus (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera obscura (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera ovata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera purpurascens (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera robertsonii (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera saccata (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera sempervirens (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lonicera trichosantha (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Lophatherum gracile (Poaceae) 105 Lophopetalum celastroides (Celastraceae) 192 Lophopetalum filiforme (Celastraceae) 192 Lophopetalum fimbriatum (Celastraceae) 192 Lophopetalum floribundum (Celastraceae) 192 Lophopetalum littorale (Celastraceae) 192 Lophopetalum wallichii (Celastraceae) 192 Lophophyllum bicristatum (Menispermaceae) 297 Lophostemon confertus (Myrtaceae) 313 Loranthus albidus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus ampullaceus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus balfourianus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus brandisianus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus capitellatus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus casuarinae (see Dendrophthoe lanosa; Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus coccineus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus cochinchinensis (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus collettii (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus cordifolius (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus corynitis (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus crassus (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus cultarum (Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus delavayi (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus elegans (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus formosus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus globosus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus graciliflorus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus grandiflorus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus heteranthus (see Helixanthera cylindrica; Loranthaceae) 284 Loranthus hypoglaucus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus involucratus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus ligustrinus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus meeboldii (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus monoicum (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus odoratus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus orientale (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus ovalifolium (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus parishii (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus pentapetalus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus pulverulentus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus rhopalocarpus (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus robertsonii (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus scurrula (Loranthaceae) 285 Loranthus umbellifer (Loranthaceae) 285 Loudetia flammida (Poaceae) 105 Lourea campanulata (Fabaceae) 246 Lourea obcordata (Fabaceae) 246 Lourea paniculata (Fabaceae) 246 Loxostigma griffithii (Gesneriaceae) 263 Luculia gratissima (Rubiaceae) 351 Luculia intermedia (Rubiaceae) 351 Luculia pinceana (Rubiaceae) 351 Ludisia discolor (Orchidaceae) 82 Ludwigia adscendens (Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia erecta (Onagraceae) 477 Ludwigia hyssopifolia (Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia linifolia (Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia octovalvis (Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia parviflora (see Ludwigia perennis, Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia perennis (Onagraceae) 320 Ludwigia prostrata (Onagraceae) 321 Luffa acutangula (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Luffa acutangula var. amara (see Luffa acutangula; Cucurbitaceae) Luffa aegyptiaca (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Luisia amesiana (Orchidaceae) 82 Index to Scientific Names 550 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Luisia brachystachys (Orchidaceae) 82 Luisia cantharis (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia primulina (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia psyche (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia teretifolia (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia thailandica (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia volucris (Orchidaceae) 83 Luisia zollingeri (Orchidaceae) 83 Lumnitzera littorea (Combretaceae) 195 Lumnitzera racemosa (Combretaceae) 195 Lupinus albus (Fabaceae) 246 Lupinus angustifolius (Fabaceae) 246 Lupinus luteus (Fabaceae) 246 Luvunga scandens (Rutaceae) 359 Luzula campestris (Juncaceae) 61 Luzula effusa (Juncaceae) 61 Lychnis inflata (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Lycianthes biflora (Solanaceae) 374 Lycopersicon esculentum (Solanaceae) 374 Lycopersicum lycopersicum (see Lycopersicon esculentum; Solanaceae) 374 Lycoris argentea (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Lycoris aurea (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Lygisma angustifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Lyonia doyonensis (see Lyonia ovalifolia; Ericaceae) 216 Lyonia ovalifolia (Ericaceae) 215 Lyonia villosa (Ericaceae) 216 Lyonia villosa var. pubescens (see Lyonia villosa; Ericaceae) Lyonia villosa var. sphaerantha (see Lyonia villosa; Ericaceae) Lysidice rhodostegia (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Lysimachia chenopodioides (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia ferruginea (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia fletcheri (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia japonica (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia linearifolia (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia lobelioides (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia obovata (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia peduncularis (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia prolifera (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia ramosa (Primulaceae) 329 Lysimachia trichopoda (Primulaceae) 329 Lysionotus confertus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Lysionotus gracilis (Gesneriaceae) 263 Lysionotus levipes (Gesneriaceae) 263 Lysionotus pubescens (Gesneriaceae) 263 Lysionotus serratus (Gesneriaceae) 263 Lysionotus wardii (see Lysionotus pubescens; Gesneriaceae) 263 Maba buxifolia (Ebenaceae) 211 Maba merguensis (Ebenaceae) 211 Macaranga brandisii (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Macaranga denticulata (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Macaranga indica (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Macaranga membranacea (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Macaranga minutiflora (Euphorbiaceae) 231 Macaranga pustulata (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Macaranga tanarius (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Macaranga triloba (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) 174 Machilus bombycina (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus fruticosa (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus gamblei (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus gammieana (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus kingii (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus kurzii (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus odoratissima (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus robusta (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus shweliensis (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus shweliensis var. myai (see Machilus shweliensis; Lauraceae) Machilus villosa (Lauraceae) 280 Machilus yunnanensis (Lauraceae) 280 Maclura cochinchinensis (Moraceae) 306 Maclurodendron porteri (Rutaceae) 359 Macropanax dispermus (Araliaceae) 152 Macropanax oreophilum (see Macropanax dispermus; Araliaceae) 152 Macropanax undulatus (Araliaceae) 152 Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Loranthaceae) 285 Maddenia himalaica (Rosaceae) 337 Maddenia hypoxantha (Rosaceae) 337 Madhuca caloneura (Sapotaceae) 365 Madhuca latifolia (Sapotaceae) 365 Madhuca lobbii (Sapotaceae) 365 Madhuca longifolia (Sapotaceae) 24, 365 Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (see Madhuca longifolia; Sapotaceae) Maesa argentea (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa indica (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa kurzii (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa marionae (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa mollis (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa muscosa (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa paniculata (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa permollis (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa ramentacea (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa rugosa (Myrsinaceae) 310 Maesa rugosa var. griffithii (see Maesa rugosa; Myrsinaceae) Magnolia campbellii (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia cathcartii (Magnoliaceae) 476 Magnolia coco (Magnoliaceae) 477 Magnolia globosa (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia griffithii (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia liliifera (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia mollicomata (see Magnolia campbellii; Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia nitida (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia pterocarpa (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia rostrata (Magnoliaceae) 287 Magnolia sphenocarpa (see Magnolia pterocarpa; Magnoliaceae) 287 Mahonia acanthifolia (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia aristulata (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia calamicaulis (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia lomariifolia (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia nepalensis (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia pruinosa (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia siamensis (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia sikkimensis (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia thomsoniana (Berberidaceae) 173 Mahonia thunbergii (Berberidaceae) 173 Maianthemum atropurpureum (Convallariaceae) 49 Maianthemum fuscum (Convallariaceae) 49 Maianthemum henryi (Convallariaceae) 49 Maianthemum oleraceum (Convallariaceae) 50 Maianthemum tatsienense (Convallariaceae) 50 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 551 Malachra capitata (Malvaceae) 290 Malaxis acuminata (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis biloba (see Malaxis acuminata; Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis calophylla (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis latifolia (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis liparis (Orchidaceae) 478 Malaxis muscifera (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis polyodon (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis purpurea (Orchidaceae) 83 Malaxis versicolor (Orchidaceae) 83 Mallotus acuminatus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus albus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus barbatus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus clellandii (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus cochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus decipiens (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus distichum (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus filiformis (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus floribundus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus khasianus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus kurzii (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus leptostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus longipes (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus macrostachyus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus nepalensis (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus pachypodus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus paniculatus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus peltatus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus polyneurus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus repandus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus ricinoides (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus roxburghianus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus subpeltatus (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus tristis (Euphorbiaceae) 232 Mallotus wallichianus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Malpighia coccigera (Malpighiaceae) 288 Malus baccata (Rosaceae) 337 Malus pumila (Rosaceae) 338 Malus yunnanensis (Rosaceae) 338 Malva sylvestris (Malvaceae) 290 Malvastrum coromandelianum (Malvaceae) 290 Malvaviscus arboreus (Malvaceae) 291 Malvaviscus grandiflorus (see Malvaviscus arboreus; Malvaceae) 291 Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Malvaceae) 291 Mandragora caulescens (Solanaceae) 374 Mangifera caloneura (Anacardiaceae) 30, 138 Mangifera foetida (Anacardiaceae) 138 Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) 138 Mangifera longipes (Anacardiaceae) 138 Mangifera mariana (Anacardiaceae) 138 Mangifera parkinsonii (Anacardiaceae) 138 Mangifera sylvatica (Anacardiaceae) 138 Manglietia caveana (Magnoliaceae) 287 Manglietia hookeri (Magnoliaceae) 287 Manglietia insignis (Magnoliaceae) 287 Manglietia insignis var. angustiflora (see Manglietia insignis; Magnoliaceae) Manglietia utilis (Magnoliaceae) 287 Manihot diversifolia (see Jatropha integerrima; Euphorbiaceae) 231 Manihot esculenta (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Manihot esculenta var. esculenta variegata (see Manihot esculenta; Euphorbiaceae) Manihot glaziovii (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Manilkara hexandra (Sapotaceae) 365 Manilkara kauki (Sapotaceae) 365 Manilkara littoralis (Sapotaceae) 365 Manisuris compressa (Poaceae) 105 Mansoa alliacea (Bignoniaceae) 174 Mansonia gagei (Sterculiaceae) 376 Mantisia saltatoria (Zingiberaceae) 123 Mantisia spathulata (Zingiberaceae) 123 Mantisia wardii (Zingiberaceae) 123 Mantisia wengerii (Zingiberaceae) 123 Maoutia puya (Urticaceae) 387 Mappia foetida (Icacinaceae) 269 Mappia tomentosa (Icacinaceae) 269 Maranta arundinacea (Marantaceae) 62 Maranta bicolor (Marantaceae) 62 Maranta dichotoma (see Schumannianthus dichotomus; Marantaceae) 62 Maranta leuconeura (Marantaceae) 62 Mariscus albescens (see Cyperus odoratus; Cyperaceae) 53 Mariscus bulbosus (see Cyperus clarkei; Cyperaceae) 52 Mariscus dregeanus (see Cyperus dubius; Cyperaceae) 52 Mariscus ferax (see Cyperus odoratus; Cyperaceae) 53 Mariscus microcephalus (see Cyperus compactus; Cyperaceae) 52 Markhamia stipulata (Bignoniaceae) 27, 174 Marsdenia barbata (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Marsdenia carnosa (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Marsdenia leiocarpa (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Marsdenia tenacissima (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Marsdenia tinctoria (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Marsdenia volubilis (see Wattakaka volubilis; Asclepiadaceae) 157 Martynia annua (Pedaliaceae) 323 Mastixia arborea (Cornaceae) 202 Mastixia euonymoides (Cornaceae) 202 Mathiola incana (Brassicaceae) 178 Mayodendron igneum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Maytenus acuminata (Celastraceae) 192 Maytenus hookeri (Celastraceae) 192 Maytenus thomsonii (Celastraceae) 192 Mazus pumilus (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Mazus rugosus (see Mazus pumilus; Scrophulariaceae) 370 Meconopsis betonicifolia (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis calciphila (see Meconopsis horridula; Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis horridula (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis horridula var. racemosa (see Meconopsis horridula; Papaveraceae) Meconopsis impedita (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis integrifolia (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis lancifolia (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis lyrata (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis napaulensis (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis paniculata (Papaveraceae) 479 Meconopsis racemosa (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis rubra (see Meconopsis impedita; Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis smithiana (Papaveraceae) 322 Meconopsis violacea (Papaveraceae) 322 Mecopus nidulans (Fabaceae) 246 Medinilla erythrophylla (Melastomataceae) 292 Index to Scientific Names 552 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Medinilla griffithii (Melastomataceae) 292 Medinilla merguiensis (Melastomataceae) 292 Medinilla rubicunda (Melastomataceae) 292 Megacarpaea delavayi (Brassicaceae) 178 Melaleuca alternifolium (Myrtaceae) 313 Melaleuca cajaputi (Myrtaceae) 313 Melaleuca leucadendron (Myrtaceae) 313 Melampodium divaricatum (Asteraceae) 165 Melampodium paludosum (see Melampodium divaricatum; Asteraceae) 165 Melanorrhoea glabra (Anacardiaceae) 139 Melanorrhoea usitata (Anacardiaceae) 27, 139 Melanthera biflora (Asteraceae) 165 Melastoma clarkeanum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma decemfidum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma houtteanum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma imbricatum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma malabathricum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma normale (Melastomataceae) 292 Melastoma sanguineum (Melastomataceae) 292 Melhania hamiltoniana (Sterculiaceae) 376 Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) 296 Melia birmanica (Meliaceae) 296 Melia composita (Meliaceae) 296 Melia dubia (Meliaceae) 296 Melia excelsa (Meliaceae) 296 Melicope accedens (Rutaceae) 359 Melicope helferi (see Maclurodendron porteri; Rutaceae) 359 Melicope latifolia (Rutaceae) 359 Melicope lunu-ankenda (Rutaceae) 359 Melicope triphylla (Rutaceae) 359 Melicope viticina (Rutaceae) 359 Melilotus alba (Fabaceae) 246 Melilotus indica (Fabaceae) 246 Melinis minutiflora (Poaceae) 105 Meliosma arnottiana (Meliosmaceae) 296 Meliosma beaniana (Meliosmaceae) 296 Meliosma collettiana (Meliosmaceae) 296 Meliosma lanceolata (Meliosmaceae) 296 Meliosma laui (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma mannii (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma microcarpa (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma pinnata (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma pungens (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma simplicifolia (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma thomsoni (Meliosmaceae) 297 Meliosma wallichii (Meliosmaceae) 297 Melissa parviflora (Lamiaceae) 272 Melocalamus compactiflorus (Poaceae) 106 Melocanna arundina (Poaceae) 106 Melocanna baccifera (Poaceae) 25, 106 Melocanna bambusoides (see Melocanna baccifera; Poaceae) 106 Melocanna humilis (see Melocanna arundina; Poaceae) 106 Melochia arborea (see Melochia umbellata; Sterculiaceae) 377 Melochia corchorifolia (Sterculiaceae) 377 Melochia indica (see Melochia umbellata; Sterculiaceae) 377 Melochia umbellata (Sterculiaceae) 377 Melodinus henryi (Apocynaceae) 148 Melodinus khasianus (Apocynaceae) 148 Melodinus monogynus (Apocynaceae) 148 Melodorum bicolor (see Fissistigma bicolor; Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum griffithii (see Fissistigma scandens; Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum macranthum (Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum minuticalyx (see Fissistigma minuticalyx; Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum polyanthum (Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum rubiginosum (see Fissistigma rubiginosum; Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum thorellii (see Fissistigma thorelii; Annonaceae) 142 Melodorum verrucosum (see Fissistigma verrucosum; Annonaceae) 142 Melothria heterophylla (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Melothria maderaspatana (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Melothria wallichii (see Zehneria wallichii; Cucurbitaceae) 206 Memecylon amherstianum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon caeruleum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon celastrinum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon edule (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon edule var. ovata (see Memecylon edule; Melastomataceae) Memecylon edule var. typica (see Memecylon edule; Melastomataceae) Memecylon elegans (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon grande (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon griffithianum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon helferi (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon heteropleurum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon intermedium (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon laevigatum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon oleaefolium (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon pauciflorum (Melastomataceae) 292 Memecylon plebejum (Melastomataceae) 293 Memecylon umbellatum (Melastomataceae) 293 Menispermum dioicum (Menispermaceae) 297 Mentha aquatica (Lamiaceae) 272 Mentha arvensis (Lamiaceae) 272 Mentha arvensis var. piperascens (see Mentha arvensis; Lamiaceae) Mentha longifolia (Lamiaceae) 272 Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) 272 Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae) 272 Merremia aegyptia (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia dissecta (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia emarginata (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia gemella (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia hederacea (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia hirta (Convolvulaceae) 200 Merremia kingii (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merremia mammosa (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merremia quinata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merremia tuberosa (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merremia umbellata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merremia vitifolia (Convolvulaceae) 201 Merrilliopanax listeri (Araliaceae) 152 Mesua ferrea (Hypericaceae) 24. 268 Mesua nervosa (Hypericaceae) 268 Metadina trichotoma (Rubiaceae) 351 Metroxylon sagu (Arecaceae) 46 Meyna peltata (Rubiaceae) 351 Meyna spinosa (Rubiaceae) 351 Meyna velutina (Rubiaceae) 351 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 553 Mezoneuron cucullatum (see Caesalpinia cucullata; Caesalpiniaceae) 181 Mezoneuron enneaphyllum (see Caesalpinia enneaphylla; Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Mezoneuron furfuraceum (see Caesalpinia furfuracea; Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Mezoneuron glabrum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Mezoneuron grande (see Caesalpinia grandis; Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Mezoneuron hymenocarpum (see Caesalpinia hymenocarpa; Caesalpiniaceae) 182 Mezoneuron pubescens (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Michelia baillonii (Magnoliaceae) 287 Michelia cathcartii (see Magnolia campbellii; Magnoliaceae) 287 Michelia champaca (Magnoliaceae) 287 Michelia doltsopa (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia excelsa (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia floribunda (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia lacei (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia lanuginosa (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia manipurensis (see Michelia doltsopa; Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia oblonga (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia uniflora (Magnoliaceae) 288 Michelia velutina (Magnoliaceae) 288 Micholitzia obcordata (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Micrargeria wightii (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Microcarpaea minima (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Microcarpaea muscosa (see Microcarpaea minima; Scrophulariaceae) 370 Microchloa indica (Poaceae) 106 Microchloa kunthii (Poaceae) 106 Microchloa setacea (see Microchloa indica; Poaceae) 106 Microcos calophylla (Tiliaceae) 384 Microcos paniculata (Tiliaceae) 384 Microcos sinuata (Tiliaceae) 384 Microdesmis caseariaefolia (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Microgiossa albescens (see Aster albescens; Asteraceae) 159 Microglossa pyrifolia (Asteraceae) 165 Microglossa volubilis (Asteraceae) 165 Micromelum falcatum (Rutaceae) 359 Micromelum hirsutum (Rutaceae) 359 Micromelum integerrimum (Rutaceae) 359 Micromelum minutum (Rutaceae) 359 Micromelum pubescens (Rutaceae) 359 Micropera obtusa (Orchidaceae) 83 Micropera pallida (Orchidaceae) 83 Micropera rostrata (Orchidaceae) 83 Micropera secunda (Orchidaceae) 83 Microrhynchus glaber (see Launaea acaulis,; Asteraceae) 164 Microsaccus griffithii (Orchidaceae) 83 Microsaccus javensis (Orchidaceae) 478 Microstegium brandisii (see Microstegium eucnemis; Poaceae) 106 Microstegium ciliatum (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium delicatulum (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium eucnemis (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium monanthum (see Microstegium ciliatum; Poaceae) 106 Microstegium nudum (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium petiolare (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium stapfiil (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium vagans (Poaceae) 106 Microstegium vimineum (Poaceae) 106 Microtoena insuavis (Lamiaceae) 272 Microtropis beddomei (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis bivalvis (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis discolor (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis filiformis (see Microtropis bivalvis; Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis gagei (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis longifolia (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis macrophylla (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis pyramidalis (Celastraceae) 192 Microtropis scottii (Celastraceae) 192 Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae) 165 Mikania scandens (see Mikania micrantha; Asteraceae) 165 Mildea xestophylla (see Paranephelium xestophyllum; Sapindaceae) 364 Milium minutiflorum (see Digitaria perrottetii; Poaceae) 99 Miliusa glandulifera (Annonaceae) 142 Miliusa longipes (Annonaceae) 142 Miliusa macrocarpa (Annonaceae) 142 Miliusa roxburghiana (Annonaceae) 142 Miliusa saccata (Annonaceae) 143 Miliusa sclerocarpa (Annonaceae) 143 Miliusa thorelii (Annonaceae) 143 Miliusa tristis (Annonaceae) 143 Miliusa unguiculata (Annonaceae) 143 Miliusa velutina (Annonaceae) 28, 143 Millettia atropurpurea (see Callerya atropurpurea; Fabaceae) 236 Millettia brandisiana (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia caerulea (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia cana (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia cinerea (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia cubittii (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia dielsiana (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia dorwardii (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia eriocalyx (Fabaceae) 246 Millettia erythrocalyx (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia extensa (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia filipes (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia fruticosa (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia glaucescens (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia griffithii (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia harrowiana (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia ichthyochtona (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia leiogyna (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia macrostachya (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia monticola (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia multiflora (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia ovalifolia (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia pachycarpa (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia peguensis (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia pendula (Fabaceae) 25, 247 Millettia piscidia (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia podocarpa (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia pubinervis (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia puerarioides (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia pulchra (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia racemosa (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia rivularis (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia sericea (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia subpalmata (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia tetraptera (Fabaceae) 247 Millettia trifoliata (Fabaceae) 247 Index to Scientific Names 554 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Millettia utilis (Fabaceae) 248 Millettia wrightiana (Fabaceae) 248 Millettia xylocarpa (Fabaceae) 248 Millingtonia hortensis (Bignoniaceae) 174 Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae) 301 Mimosa rubicaulis (Mimosaceae) 301 Mimulus nepalensis (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Mimulus orbicularis (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Mimulus strictus (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Mimusops elengi (Sapotaceae) 365 Mimusops hexandra (Sapotaceae) 365 Mimusops kauki (Sapotaceae) 365 Mimusops laevis (Sapotaceae) 365 Mimusops parvifolia (Sapotaceae) 365 Mirabilis jalapa (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Miscanthus floridulus (Poaceae) 106 Miscanthus fuscus (Poaceae) 106 Miscanthus nepalensis (Poaceae) 106 Mischobulbum wrayanum (Orchidaceae) 83 Mischocarpus fuscescens (see Mischocarpus pentapetalus; Sapindaceae) 363 Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Sapindaceae) 363 Mischocarpus sumatranus (Sapindaceae) 363 Mischocarpus sundaicus (Sapindaceae) 363 Mitragyna diversifolia (Rubiaceae) 26, 351 Mitragyna parvifolia (Rubiaceae) 29, 351 Mitragyna rotundifolia (Rubiaceae) 351 Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae) 351 Mitrasacme alsinoides (Loganiaceae) 283 Mitrasacme polymorpha (Loganiaceae) 283 Mitreola paniculata (Loganiaceae) 283 Mitrephora javanica (Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora keithii (Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora lanotan (Annonaceae) 471 Mitrephora lophophora (see Mitrephora keithii; Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora maingayi (see Mitrephora teysmanni; Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora multiovulata (see Pseuduvaria multiovulata; Annonaceae) 144 Mitrephora reticulata (see Pseuduvaria reticulata; Annonaceae) 144 Mitrephora teysmanni (Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora tomentosa (Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora vandaeflora (Annonaceae) 143 Mitrephora vulpina (see Mitrephora javanica; Annonaceae) 143 Mnesithea clarkei (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea glandulosa (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea granularis (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea helferi (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea khasiana (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea laevis (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea laevis var. cochinchinensis (see Mnesithea laevis; Poaceae) Mnesithea mergensis (Poaceae) 106 Mnesithea pulcherrima (Poaceae) 107 Mnesithea rupincola (Poaceae) 107 Mnesithea striata (Poaceae) 107 Modecca apiculata (Passifloraceae) 323 Modecca cardiophylla (see Adenia cardiophylla; Passifloraceae) 323 Modecca furfuracea (Passifloraceae) 323 Modecca trilobata (see Adenia trilobata; Passifloraceae) 323 Moghania bracteata (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania grahamiana (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania latifolia (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania lineata (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania macrophylla (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania nana (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania semialata (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania sericans (Fabaceae) 248 Moghania strobilifera (Fabaceae) 248 Molineria capitulata (Hypoxidaceae) 60 Molineria latifolia (Hypoxidaceae) 60 Mollugo cerviana (Molluginaceae) 302 Mollugo pentaphylla (Molluginaceae) 302 Mollugo stricta (Molluginaceae) 302 Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Momordica cochinchinensis (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Momordica dioica (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Momordica macrophylla (Cucurbitaceae) 204 Momordica subangulata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Monochoria elata (Pontederiaceae) 116 Monochoria hastaefolia (Pontederiaceae) 116 Monochoria hastata (see Monochoria hastaefolia; Pontederiaceae) 116 Monochoria ovata (Pontederiaceae) 116 Monochoria vaginalis (Pontederiaceae) 116 Monochoria vaginalis var. plantaginea (see Monochoria vaginalis; Pontederiaceae) Monomeria barbata (Orchidaceae) 83 Monorchis angustifolia (see Herminium lanceum; Orchidaceae) 81 Monotropa uniflora (Ericaceae) 216 Monotropastrum humile (Ericaceae) 216 Monstera deliciosa (Araceae) 42 Montanoa bipinnatifida (Asteraceae) 165 Morina nepalensis (Morinaceae) 307 Morinda angustifolia (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda elliptica (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda exserta (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda persicaefolia (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda tetrandra (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda tinctoria (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda umbellata (Rubiaceae) 351 Morinda wallichii (Rubiaceae) 351 Morindopsis capillaris (Rubiaceae) 351 Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) 307 Morus alba (Moraceae) 306 Morus australis (Moraceae) 306 Morus indica (Moraceae) 306 Morus laevigata (Moraceae) 307 Morus macroura (Moraceae) 307 Moschosma polystachyum (Lamiaceae) 272 Mucuna bracteata (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna cochinchinensis (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna collettii (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna exserta (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna gigantea (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna hainanensis (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna imbricata (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna monosperma (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna nigricans (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna prurita (see Mucuna pruriens; Fabaceae) 248 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 555 Mucuna sempervirens (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna utilis (Fabaceae) 248 Mucuna venulosa (Fabaceae) 248 Muehlenbeckia platyclada (Polygonaceae) 327 Muhlenbergia huegelii (Poaceae) 107 Muhlenbergia mexicana (Poaceae) 107 Mukia maderaspatana (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Munronia wallichii (Meliaceae) 296 Muntingia calabura (Tiliaceae) 384 Murdannia crocea (Commelinaceae) 48 Murdannia crocea subsp. ochracea (see Murdannia crocea; Commelinaceae) Murdannia divergens (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia edulis (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia gigantea (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia japonica (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia nudiflora (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia simplex (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia spectabilis (Commelinaceae) 49 Murdannia spirata (Commelinaceae) 49 Murraya elongata (Rutaceae) 359 Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) 360 Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae) 360 Musa acuminata (Musaceae) 63 Musa bakeri (Musaceae) 477 Musa glauca (see Ensete glaucum; Musaceae) 63 Musa itinerans (Musaceae) 63 Musa laterita (Musaceae) 63 Musa nagensium (Musaceae) 63 Musa ornata (Musaceae) 63 Musa rosea (see Musa velutina; Musaceae) 63 Musa rubra (Musaceae) 63 Musa sanguinea (Musaceae) 63 Musa sapientum (Musaceae) 63 Musa sapientum var. arakanensis (see Musa sapientum; Musaceae) Musa sapientum var. champa (see Musa sapientum; Musaceae) Musa sapientum var. dacca (see Musa sapientum; Musaceae) Musa sapientum var. rubra (see Musa sapientum; Musaceae) Musa sinensis (see Musa acuminata; Musaceae) 63 Musa sylvestris (Musaceae) 477 Musa textilis (Musaceae) 63 Musa velutina (Musaceae) 63 Musella lasiocarpa (Musaceae) 63 Mussaenda breviloba (Rubiaceae) 351 Mussaenda calycina (Rubiaceae) 351 Mussaenda divaricata (Rubiaceae) 351 Mussaenda erosa (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda erythrophylla (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda flava (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda frondosa (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda glabra (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda griffithii (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda incana (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda intuspilosa (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda kingdon-wardii (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda luteola (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda macrophylla (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda parva (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda pavettaefolia (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda philippica (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda polyneura (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda roxburghii (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda uniflora (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda variolosa (Rubiaceae) 352 Mussaenda wallichii (Rubiaceae) 352 Myanmaria calycina (Asteraceae) 165 Mycetia gracilis (Rubiaceae) 352 Mycetia parishii (Rubiaceae) 352 Mycetia rodgeri (Rubiaceae) 352 Myriactis nepalensis (Asteraceae) 165 Myriactis wallichii (Asteraceae) 165 Myrialepis paradoxa (Arecaceae) 46 Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) 307 Myrica nagi (Myricaceae) 307 Myrica sapida (Myricaceae) 307 Myrioneuron angustifolium (Rubiaceae) 352 Myrioneuron hirsutum (Rubiaceae) 352 Myriophyllum tetrandrum (Haloragaceae) 265 Myriophyllum tuberculatum (Haloragaceae) 265 Myriopteron extensum (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Myriostachya wightiana (Poaceae) 107 Myristica amygdalina (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica angustifolia (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica cantleyi (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica conferta (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica erratica (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica fragrans (Myristicaceae) 307 Myristica furfuracea (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica geminata (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica gibbosa (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica glabra (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica glauca (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica glaucescens (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica guatteriifolia (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica irya (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica kingii (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica linifolia (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica longifolia (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica malabarica (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica malayana (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica missionis (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica nagi (Myristicaceae) 308 Myristica prainii (Myristicaceae) 308 Myrsine avenis (Myrsinaceae) 310 Myrsine capitellata (Myrsinaceae) 310 Myrsine semiserrata (Myrsinaceae) 310 Myxopyrum serrulatum (Oleaceae) 320 Najas bengalensis (Najadaceae) 477 Najas graminea (Najadaceae) 63 Najas indica (Najadaceae) 63 Najas kingii (Najadaceae) 63 Najas marina (Najadaceae) 63 Najas marina var. kashmirensis (see Najas marina; Najadaceae) Naravelia laurifolia (Ranunculaceae) 334 Naravelia zeylanica (Ranunculaceae) 334 Narcissus jonquilla (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Nardostachys jatamansi (Valerianaceae) 387 Nardostachys wallichii (Valerianaceae) 481 Narenga fallax (Poaceae) 107 Narenga porphyrocoma (Poaceae) 107 Nasturtium indicum (see Rorippa indica; Brassicaceae) 178 Nasturtium montanum (see Rorippa indica; Brassicaceae) 178 Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae) 178 Natsiatopsis thunbergiaefolia (Icacinaceae) 269 Index to Scientific Names 556 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Natsiatum herpeticum (Icacinaceae) 269 Nauclea brunonis (Rubiaceae) 352 Nauclea diversifolia (Rubiaceae) 352 Nauclea griffithii (Rubiaceae) 352 Nauclea orientalis (Rubiaceae) 352 Nauclea sericea (Rubiaceae) 353 Nauclea sessilifolia (Rubiaceae) 353 Nechamandra alternifolia (Hydrochantaceae) 60 Neesia synandra (Bombacaceae) 473 Neillia affinis (Rosaceae) 338 Neillia thyrsiflora (Rosaceae) 338 Nelsonia campestris (see Nelsonia canescens; Acanthaceae) 130 Nelsonia canescens (Acanthaceae) 130 Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonaceae) 316 Neoalsomitra clavigera (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Neoalsomitra integrifoliola (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Neoalsomitra pubigera (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Neoalsomitra sarcophylla (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Neocinnamomum caudatum (Lauraceae) 280 Neocollettia gracilis (Fabaceae) 249 Neohouzeaua dullooa (Poaceae) 107 Neohouzeaua griffithii (see Teinostachyum griffithii; Poaceae) 113 Neohouzeaua helferi (Poaceae) 24, 107 Neohouzeaua stricta (Poaceae) 107 Neohouzeaua tavoyana (Poaceae) 107 Neolitsea cassia (Lauraceae) 280 Neolitsea lanuginosa (Lauraceae) 280 Neolitsea umbrosa (Lauraceae) 280 Neolitsea zeylanica (Lauraceae) 280 Neonauclea excelsa (Rubiaceae) 353 Neonauclea griffithii (Rubiaceae) 353 Neoscortechinia philippinensis (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Neotrigonostemon diversifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Nepenthandra lanceolata (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Nepeta erecta (Lamiaceae) 272 Nepeta lamiopis (Lamiaceae) 272 Nephelium hypoleucum (Sapindaceae) 364 Nephelium lappaceum (Sapindaceae) 364 Nephelium lappaceum var. pallens (see Nephelium lappaceum; Sapindaceae) Nephelium laurinum (Sapindaceae) 364 Nephelium mutabile (see Nephelium ramboutan-ake; Sapindaceae) 364 Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Sapindaceae) 364 Nephelium rubescens (see Nephelium laurinum; Sapindaceae) 364 Neptunia acinaciformis (Mimosaceae) 301 Neptunia javanica (Mimosaceae) 301 Neptunia oleracea (Mimosaceae) 301 Neptunia robertsonii (Mimosaceae) 302 Neptunia triquetra (see Neptunia javanica; Mimosaceae) 301 Nerium indicum (see Nerium oleander; Apocynaceae) 148 Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae) 148 Nertera sinensis (Rubiaceae) 353 Nervilia aragoana (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia discolor (see Nervilia plicata; Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia khasiana (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia macroglossa (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia maculata (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia parishiana (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia plicata (Orchidaceae) 83 Nervilia scottii (see Nervilia aragoana; Orchidaceae) 83 Neuracanthus grandiflorus (Acanthaceae) 130 Neuracanthus tetragonostachyus (Acanthaceae) 130 Neuropeltis racemosa (Convolvulaceae) 201 Neyraudia arundinacea (Poaceae) 107 Neyraudia madagascariensis (Poaceae) 107 Neyraudia reynaudiana (Poaceae) 107 Nicandra physalodes (Solanaceae) 374 Nicolaia elatior (see Etlingera elatior; Zingiberaceae) 121 Nicotiana affinis (see Nicotiana alata; Solanaceae) 374 Nicotiana alata (Solanaceae) 374 Nicotiana rustica (Solanaceae) 374 Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) 374 Niebuhria siamensis (Capparaceae) 187 Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) 334 Nigella sativa (Ranunculaceae) 334 Nomaphila parishii (Acanthaceae) 130 Nomocharis aperta (Liliaceae) 62 Nomocharis basilissa (Liliaceae) 62 Nomocharis farreri (Liliaceae) 62 Nomocharis georgei (Liliaceae) 62 Nomocharis pardanthina (see Nomocharis farreri; Liliaceae) 62 Nomocharis pardanthina var. farreri (see Nomocharis farreri; Liliaceae) Nomocharis saluenensis (Liliaceae) 62 Nothaphoebe condensa (Lauraceae) 280 Nothochaeta hamosa (Lamiaceae) 273 Nothosaerva brachiata (Amaranthaceae) 137 Notonia crassissima (see Kleinia grandiflora; Asteraceae) 164 Notonia vestita (Asteraceae) 165 Notothixos merguiensis (Viscaceae) 392 Nouettea cochinchinensis (see Epigynum cochinchinensis; Apocynaceae) 148 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Oleaceae) 320 Nyctocalos brunfelsiiflora (Bignoniaceae) 174 Nyctocalos shanica (see Nyctocalos brunfelsiiflora; Bignoniaceae) 174 Nymphaea alba (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Nymphaea nouchali (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Nymphaea pubescens (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Nymphaea stellata (see Nymphaea nouchali; Nymphaeaceae) 316 Nymphaea tetragona (Nymphaeaceae) 316 Nymphoides hydrophylla (Menyanthaceae) 298 Nymphoides indica (Menyanthaceae) 298 Nymphoides parvifolia (Menyanthaceae) 298 Nypa fruticans (Arecaceae) 30, 46 Nyssa bifida (Cornaceae) 202 Nyssa javanica (Cornaceae) 202 Nyssa megacarpa (Cornaceae) 202 Nyssa sinensis (Cornaceae) 202 Oberonia anceps (Orchidaceae) 83 Oberonia ancipita (see Oberonia anceps; Orchidaceae) 83 Oberonia anthropophora (Orchidaceae) 83 Oberonia brachystachys (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia brunonia (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia cavaleriei (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia ensiformis (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia falconeri (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia ferruginea (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia griffithiana (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia iridifolia (see Oberonia mucronata; Orchidaceae) 84 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 557 Oberonia iridifolia var. brevifolia (see Oberonia mucronata; Orchidaceae) Oberonia mannii (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia maxima (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia mucronata (Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia myosurus (see Oberonia cavaleriei; Orchidaceae) 84 Oberonia rufilabris (Orchidaceae) 84 Ochna andamanica (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochna brevipes (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochna fruticulosa (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochna jabotapita (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochna pumila (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochna wallichii (Ochnaceae) 316 Ochrocarpos nervosus (Hypericaceae) 268 Ochrocarpos siamensis (Hypericaceae) 268 Ochroma pyramidale (Bombacaceae) 175 Ochthocharis javanica (Melastomataceae) 293 Ocimum americanum (Lamiaceae) 273 Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) 273 Ocimum exsul (Lamiaceae) 273 Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) 273 Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) 273 Octotropis terminalis (Rubiaceae) 353 Odontonema nitidum (Acanthaceae) 130 Oenanthe javanica (Apiaceae) 145 Oenanthe stolonifera (see Oenanthe javanica; Apiaceae) 146 Oenothera biennis (Onagraceae) 321 Oenothera rosea (Onagraceae) 321 Oenothera tetraptera (Onagraceae) 321 Olax acuminata (Olacaceae) 317 Olax imbricata (Olacaceae) 317 Olax merguensis (Olacaceae) 317 Olax nana (Olacaceae) 317 Olax psittacorum (Olacaceae) 317 Olax scandens (see Olax psittacorum; Olacaceae) 317 Olax zeylanica (Olacaceae) 317 Oldenlandia alata (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia arguta (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia corymbosa (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia diffusa (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia linoides (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia nudicaulis (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia parishii (Rubiaceae) 353 Oldenlandia ramosa (Rubiaceae) 353 Olea attenuata (Oleaceae) 320 Olea dentata (Oleaceae) 320 Olea dentata var. salicifolia (see Olea dentata; Oleaceae) Olea dioica (Oleaceae) 320 Olea gamblei (Oleaceae) 320 Oleoxylon balsamifera (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Omphalogramm delavayi (Primulaceae) 329 Omphalogramma burmanicum (Primulaceae) 329 Omphalogramma coxii (Primulaceae) 329 Omphalogramma farreri (Primulaceae) 329 Omphalogramma pilosum (Primulaceae) 329 Oncosperma fasciculatum (Arecaceae) 46 Oncosperma tigillarium (Arecaceae) 46 Onosma bracteatum (Boraginaceae) 177 Onosma burmanicum (Boraginaceae) 177 Onosma thomsoni (Boraginaceae) 177 Operculina petaloidea (Convolvulaceae) 201 Operculina turpethum (Convolvulaceae) 201 Ophiopogon grandis (Convallariaceae) 50 Ophiopogon intermedius (Convallariaceae) 50 Ophiopogon malcolmsonii (Convallariaceae) 50 Ophiopogon wallichianus (Convallariaceae) 50 Ophiorrhiza calcarata (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza erubescens (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza fasciculata (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza glauco-rosea (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza gracilis (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza harrisiana (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza japonica (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza lacei (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza lauranciana (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza lignosa (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza mungos (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza oppositiflora (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza rosea (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza tingens (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza trichocarpa (Rubiaceae) 353 Ophiorrhiza umbricola (Rubiaceae) 354 Ophiorrhiza wallichii (Rubiaceae) 354 Ophiorrhiziphyllon macrobotryum (Acanthaceae) 130 Ophiuros exaltatus (Poaceae) 107 Ophiuros megaphyllus (Poaceae) 107 Opilia amentacea (Opiliaceae) 321 Oplismenus burmannii (Poaceae) 107 Oplismenus compositus (Poaceae) 107 Opuntia cochenillifera (Cactaceae) 179 Opuntia dillenii (Cactaceae) 179 Opuntia elatior (Cactaceae) 179 Opuntia monacantha (Cactaceae) 179 Opuntia oxyacantha (Cactaceae) 474 Orchis chusua (see Chusua donii; Orchidaceae) 69 Orchis mascula (Orchidaceae) 84 Orchis subrotunda (see Hemipilia calophylla; Orchidaceae) 81 Oreocharis forrestii (Gesneriaceae) 476 Oreocnide frutescens (Urticaceae) 387 Oreocnide integrifolia (Urticaceae) 387 Oreocnide sylvatica (Urticaceae) 387 Oreorchis aurantiaca (Orchidaceae) 84 Oreorchis discigera (Orchidaceae) 84 Origanum marjorana (Lamiaceae) 273 Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae) 273 Oritrephes septentrionalis (Melastomataceae) 293 Ormosia dubia (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia inopinata (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia laxa (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia robusta (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia stricta (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia tavoyana (Fabaceae) 249 Ormosia watsonii (Fabaceae) 249 Ornithoboea lacei (Gesneriaceae) 263 Ornithoboea parishii (Gesneriaceae) 263 Ornithochilus difformis (Orchidaceae) 84 Ornithochilus fuscus (see Ornithochilus difformis; Orchidaceae) 84 Oropetium thomaeum (Poaceae) 107 Orophea acuminata (Annonaceae) 143 Orophea brandisii (Annonaceae) 143 Orophea hexandra (Annonaceae) 471 Orophea katschallica (Annonaceae) 471 Orophea polycarpa (Annonaceae) 143 Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Index to Scientific Names 558 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Orthosiphon incurvus (Lamiaceae) 273 Orthosiphon parishii (Lamiaceae) 273 Orthosiphon rubicundus (Lamiaceae) 273 Orthosiphon spiralis (Lamiaceae) 273 Oryza brachyantha (Poaceae) 107 Oryza coarctata (Poaceae) 107 Oryza granulata (see Oryza meyeriana; Poaceae) 107 Oryza latifolia (Poaceae) 107 Oryza meyeriana (Poaceae) 107 Oryza meyeriana var. granulata (see Oryza meyeriana; Poaceae) Oryza minuta (Poaceae) 107 Oryza nivara (Poaceae) 108 Oryza officinalis (see Oryza minuta; Poaceae) 107 Oryza ridleyi (Poaceae) 108 Oryza rufipogon (Poaceae) 108 Oryza sativa (Poaceae) 108 Osbeckia aspericaulis (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia chinensis (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia crinita (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia hildebrandii (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia nepalensis (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia racemosa (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia rostrata (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia stellata (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia truncata (Melastomataceae) 293 Osbeckia zeylanica (Melastomataceae) 293 Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) 320 Osmanthus suavis (Oleaceae) 320 Osteomeles anthyllifolia (Rosaceae) 338 Osteomeles schwerinae (Rosaceae) 338 Ostodes helferi (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Ostodes paniculata (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Osyris wightiana (Santalaceae) 29, 362 Otanthera bracteata (Melastomataceae) 293 Otanthera moluccana (Melastomataceae) 293 Otochilus alba (Orchidaceae) 84 Otochilus fusca (Orchidaceae) 84 Otochilus porrecta (Orchidaceae) 84 Ottelia alismoides (Hydrocharitaceae) 30, 60 Ottelia cordata (Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Ottochloa nodosa (Poaceae) 108 Oxalis acetosella (Oxalidaceae) 321 Oxalis acetosella subsp. griffithii (see Oxalis acetosella; Oxalidaceae) Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae) 321 Oxalis griffithii (Oxalidaceae) 321 Oxalis latifolia (Oxalidaceae) 321 Oxyceros longiflora (Rubiaceae) 354 Oxymitra biswasiana (see Friesodielsia discolor; Annonaceae) 142 Oxymitra fornicata (see Friesodielsia fornicata; Annonaceae) 142 Oxymitra maclellandii (see Friesodielsia maclellandii; Annonaceae) 142 Oxymitra stenopetala (Annonaceae) 143 Oxymitra unonaefolia (see Friesodielsia unonaefolia; Annonaceae) 142 Oxyspora paniculata (Melastomataceae) 293 Oxyspora rupicola (Melastomataceae) 293 Oxyspora serrata (Melastomataceae) 293 Oxyspora vagans (see Oxyspora paniculata; Melastomataceae) 293 Oxystelma esculentum (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Oxytenanthera albociliata (Poaceae) 25, 108 Oxytenanthera hosseusii (see Pseudoxytenanthera hosseusil; Poaceae) 111 Oxytenanthera lacei (see Dendrocalamus membranaceus; Poaceae) 98 Oxytenanthera macrostachya (see Gigantochloa macrostachya; Poaceae) 103 Oxytenanthera monadelpha (see Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha; Poaceae) 111 Oxytenanthera monadelpha var. densa (see Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha; Poaceae) Oxytenanthera nigrociliata (see Gigantochloa nigrociliata; Poaceae) 103 Oxytenanthera parvifolia (see Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia; Poaceae) 111 Pachycentria tuberculosa (Melastomataceae) 293 Pachygone dasycarpa (Menispermaceae) 298 Pachygone ovata (Menispermaceae) 298 Pachyrhizantha macrorhizos (see Cymbidium macrorhizon; Orchidaceae) 71 Pachyrhizus erosus (Fabaceae) 249 Pachystachys lutea (Acanthaceae) 130 Pachystoma senile (Orchidaceae) 84 Paederia calycina (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia cruddasiana (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia kerrii (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia lanuginosa (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia linearis (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia pilifera (Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia tomentosa (see Paederia foetida; Rubiaceae) 354 Paederia tomentosa var. glabra (see Paederia foetida; Rubiaceae) Paederia wallichii (Rubiaceae) 354 Paeonia emodi (Paeoniaceae) 321 Pagiantha peninsularis (see Tabernaemontana corymbosa; Apocynaceae) 149 Pahudia cochinchinensis (see Afzelia xylocarpa; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Pahudia martabanica (see Afzelia martabanica; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Pahudia xylocarpa (see Afzelia xylocarpa; Caesalpiniaceae) 180 Pajanelia longifolia (Bignoniaceae) 174 Palaquium helferi (Sapotaceae) 365 Palaquium obovatum (Sapotaceae) 365 Palaquium polyanthum (Sapotaceae) 365 Palaquium sukoei (Sapotaceae) 365 Palaua malvifolia (Malvaceae) 477 Panax ginseng (Araliaceae) 152 Panax pseudoginseng (Araliaceae) 152 Panax pseudoginseng subsp. himalaicus (see Panax pseudoginseng; Araliaceae) Panax pseudoginseng var. bipinnatifidus (see Panax pseudoginseng; Araliaceae) Panax quinquefolium (Araliaceae) 152 Panax schin-seng (see Panax ginseng; Araliaceae) 152 Pandanus burmanicus (Pandanaceae) 90 Pandanus foetidus (Pandanaceae) 90 Pandanus furcatus (Pandanaceae) 91 Pandanus graminifolius (Pandanaceae) 91 Pandanus laevis (Pandanaceae) 91 Pandanus minor (Pandanaceae) 91 Pandanus odoratissimus (Pandanaceae) 91 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 559 Pandanus odorus (Pandanaceae) 91 Pandanus wallichianus (Pandanaceae) 91 Panicum amplexicaule (see Hymenachne amplexicaulis; Poaceae) 104 Panicum antidotale (Poaceae) 108 Panicum auritum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum austro-asiaticum (see Panicum humile; Poaceae) 108 Panicum brevifolium (Poaceae) 108 Panicum cambogiense (Poaceae) 108 Panicum compactum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum crassiapiculatum (see Acroceras munroanum; Poaceae) 91 Panicum cruciabile (see Panicum cambogiense; Poaceae) 108 Panicum curviflorum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum curviflorum var. suishaense (see Panicum curviflorum; Poaceae) Panicum dichotomiflorum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum elegantissimum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum foveolatus (Poaceae) 479 Panicum humidorum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum humile (Poaceae) 108 Panicum hydaspicum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum incomtum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum junctontorum (Poaceae) 479 Panicum luzonense (Poaceae) 108 Panicum maximum (see Urochloa maxima; Poaceae) 115 Panicum miliaceum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum miliare (see Panicum antidotale; Poaceae) 108 Panicum miliare var. hirtum (see Panicum antidotale; Poaceae) Panicum miliforme (see Urochloa distachya; Poaceae) 114 Panicum montanum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum notatum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum paludosum (Poaceae) 108 Panicum paspaloides (Poaceae) 108 Panicum phragmitoides (Poaceae) 108 Panicum pilipes (see Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum; Poaceae) 97 Panicum psilopodium (see Panicum sumatrense; Poaceae) 109 Panicum psilopodium var. coloratum (see Panicum sumatrense; Poaceae) Panicum repens (Poaceae) 108 Panicum reverchoni (Poaceae) 108 Panicum sanguinale (see Digitaria horizontalis; Poaceae) 98 Panicum sarmentosum (Poaceae) 109 Panicum subeglume (see Digitaria tomentosa; Poaceae) 99 Panicum subquadriparum (see Urochloa distachya; Poaceae) 114 Panicum sumatrense (Poaceae) 109 Panicum trichopus (see Urochloa trichopus; Poaceae) 115 Panicum trypheron (see Panicum phragmitoides; Poaceae) 108 Panicum tuberculatum (Poaceae) 109 Panisea apiculata (Orchidaceae) 84 Panisea uniflora (Orchidaceae) 84 Papaver cholas (Papaveraceae) 479 Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae) 323 Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae) 323 Paphiopedilum bellatulum (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum bellatulum var. luteo-purpureum (see Paphiopedilum bellatulum; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum charlesworthii (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum concolor (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum concolor var. chlorophyllum (see Paphiopedilum concolor; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum concolor var. striatum (see Paphiopedilum concolor; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum concolor var. sulphurinum (see Paphiopedilum concolor; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum dixlerianum (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum insigne (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum kimballianum (Orchidaceae) 478 Paphiopedilum niveum (Orchidaceae) 84 Paphiopedilum parishii (Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum sallieri (Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum sallierii var. aurea (see Paphiopedilum sallierii; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum spicerianum (Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum vernayi (see Paphiopedilum villosum; Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum villosum (Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum villosum var. boxalli (see Paphiopedilum villosum; Orchidaceae) Paphiopedilum wardii (Orchidaceae) 85 Paphiopedilum x sallierii (Orchidaceae) 85 Papilionanthe biswasiana (Orchidaceae) 85 Papilionanthe sillemiana (Orchidaceae) 85 Papilionanthe teres (Orchidaceae) 85 Papilionanthe uniflora (Orchidaceae) 85 Papilionanthe vandarum (Orchidaceae) 85 Parabaena sagittata (Menispermaceae) 298 Paraboea connata (Gesneriaceae) 263 Paraboea glanduliflora (Gesneriaceae) 263 Paraboea glutinosa (Gesneriaceae) 263 Paraboea kerrii (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paraboea martinii (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paraboea multiflora (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paraboea neurophylla (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paraboea prolixa (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paraboea sinensis (Gesneriaceae) 264 Paracarvum glochidiatum (Boraginaceae) 177 Paradombeya burmanica (Sterculiaceae) 377 Paradombeya multiflora (Sterculiaceae) 377 Parameria barbata (see Parameria laevigata; Apocynaceae) 148 Parameria laevigata (Apocynaceae) 148 Parameria polyneura (Apocynaceae) 148 Paramignya grandiflora (Rutaceae) 360 Paramignya griffithii (Rutaceae) 360 Paramignya longispina (Rutaceae) 360 Paramignya monophylla (Rutaceae) 360 Paranephelium hystrix (see Paranephelium xestophyllum; Sapindaceae) 364 Paranephelium xestophyllum (Sapindaceae) 364 Parasassafras confertiflora (Lauraceae) 280 Parashorea buchananii (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Parashorea dussaudii (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Parashorea stellata (Dipterocarpaceae) 24, 208 Parastemon urophyllus (Chrysobalanaceae) 194 Parastyrax burmanicus (Styracaceae) 378 Parastyrax lacei (Styracaceae) 378 Parinari corymbosum (Chrysobalanaceae) 194 Parinari costata (Chrysobalanaceae) 194 Parinari griffithianum (Chrysobalanaceae) 194 Parinari helferi (Chrysobalanaceae) 194 Index to Scientific Names 560 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Paris birmanica (Trilliaceae) 118 Paris chinensis (see Paris polyphylla; Trilliaceae) 118 Paris forrestii (Trilliaceae) 118 Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae) 118 Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (see Paris polyphylla; Trilliaceae) Paris polyphylla var. stenophylla (see Paris polyphylla; Trilliaceae) Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (see Paris polyphylla; Trilliaceae) Paris thibetica (Trilliaceae) 118 Paris thibetica var. apetala (see Paris thibetica; Trilliaceae) Paris vaniotii (Trilliaceae) 118 Parishia insignis (Anacardiaceae) 139 Parkia biglandulosa (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia insignis (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia javanica (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia leiophylla (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia streptocarpa (see Parkia sumatrana; Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia sumatrana (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkia sumatrana subsp. streptocarpa (see Parkia sumatrana; Mimosaceae) Parkia timoriana (Mimosaceae) 302 Parkinsonia aculeata (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Parnassia acuminata (Parnassiaceae) 323 Parnassia chinensis (Parnassiaceae) 323 Parnassia farreri (Parnassiaceae) 323 Parnassia mysorensis (Parnassiaceae) 323 Parochetus communis (Fabaceae) 249 Paronychia birmanica (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Parsonsia alboflavescens (Apocynaceae) 148 Parsonsia helicandra (see Parsonsia alboflavescens; Apocynaceae) 148 Parsonsia oblonga (Apocynaceae) 148 Parthenocissus himalayana (Vitaceae) 393 Parthenocissus semicordata (Vitaceae) 393 Parvatia brunoniana (Lardizabalaceae) 275 Paspalidium flavidum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalidium geminatum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalidium punctatum (see Setaria punctata; Poaceae) 112 Paspalum ambiguum (see Digitaria ischaemum; Poaceae) 98 Paspalum commersonii (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum compactum (see Digitaria compacta; Poaceae) 98 Paspalum compressum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum conjugatum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum dilatatum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum distichum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum flavidum (Poaceae) 479 Paspalum longifolium (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum notatum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum orbiculare (see Paspalum scrobiculatum; Poaceae) 109 Paspalum sanguinale (see Digitaria horizontalis; Poaceae) 98 Paspalum sanguinale var. ciliare (see Digitaria ciliaris; Poaceae) Paspalum scrobiculatum (Poaceae) 109 Paspalum vaginatum (Poaceae) 109 Passiflora assamica (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora burmanica (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora edulis (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora foetida (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora incarnata (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora laurifolia (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora leschenaultii (Passifloraceae) 323 Passiflora quadrangularis (Passifloraceae) 323 Pastinaca sativa (Apiaceae) 146 Pauldopia ghorta (Bignoniaceae) 174 Paulownia fortunei (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pavetta amabilis (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta assamica (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta birmahica (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta compactiflora (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta gamblei (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta indica (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta naucleiflora (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta polyneura (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta tomentosa (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavetta weberaefolia (Rubiaceae) 354 Pavonia glechomifolia (see Pavonia procumbens; Malvaceae) 291 Pavonia odorata (Malvaceae) 291 Pavonia procumbens (Malvaceae) 291 Pavonia rigida (Malvaceae) 291 Payena griffithii (Sapotaceae) 365 Payena leerii (Sapotaceae) 365 Payena lucida (Sapotaceae) 365 Payena oleifera (Sapotaceae) 365 Payena paralleloneura (Sapotaceae) 365 Pecteilis hawkesiana (Orchidaceae) 85 Pecteilis henryi (Orchidaceae) 85 Pecteilis susannae (Orchidaceae) 85 Pedalium murex (Pedaliaceae) 323 Pedicularis atra (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis aurata (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis birmanica (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis brachychila (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis collettii (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis comptoniaefolia (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis corymbosa (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis davidi (Scrophulariaceae) 370 Pedicularis diffusa (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis elwesii (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis fischeri (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis flexuosa (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis gracilis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis laktangensis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis lanceifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis megalochila (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis monbeigiana (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis multicaulis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis myriantha (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis nana (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis nobilis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis pantlingii (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis petrophila (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis pseudo-atra (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis pseudo-heydei (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis rex (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis reynieri (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis rotundifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis stenophylla (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedicularis viali (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pedilanthus latifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Pedilanthus tithymaloides (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Pegaeophyton minutum (Brassicaceae) 178 Pegaeophyton scapiflorum (Brassicaceae) 178 Pelargonium hortorum (Geraniaceae) 261 Pelargonium zonale (Geraniaceae) 261 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 561 Pelatantheria insectifera (Orchidaceae) 85 Peliosanthes bakeri (see Peliosanthes humilis; Convallariaceae) 50 Peliosanthes humilis (Convallariaceae) 50 Peliosanthes longibracteata (see Peliosanthes humilis; Convallariaceae) 50 Peliosanthes macrophylla (see Peliosanthes humilis; Convallariaceae) 50 Peliosanthes teta (see Peliosanthes humilis; Convallariaceae) 50 Pellacalyx parkinsonii (Rhizophoraceae) 336 Pellionia bulbifera (Urticaceae) 387 Pellionia burmanica (Urticaceae) 387 Pellionia daveauana (see Elatostema repens; Urticaceae) 386 Pellionia griffithiana (Urticaceae) 387 Pellionia helferiana (see Elatostema latifolium; Urticaceae) 386 Pellionia javanica (see Elatostema latifolium; Urticaceae) 386 Peltophorum dasyrachis (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Peltophorum ferrugineum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Peltophorum pterocarpum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Pemphis acidula (Lythraceae) 286 Pennisetum glaucum (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum hordeiforme (see Pennisetum setosum; Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum hordeoides (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum orientale (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum pedicellatum (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum pennisetiformis (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum polystachyon (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum purpureum (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum setosum (Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum typhoides (see Pennisetum glaucum, Poaceae) 109 Pennisetum villosum (Poaceae) 109 Penstemon barbatus (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pentace burmanica (Tiliaceae) 24, 384 Pentace griffithii (Tiliaceae) 384 Pentanema indicum (Asteraceae) 165 Pentanura khasiana (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Pentapanax armata (Araliaceae) 152 Pentapanax leschenaultii (Araliaceae) 152 Pentapanax racemosa (Araliaceae) 152 Pentapanax stellatum (Araliaceae) 152 Pentapetes phoenicea (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pentaphragma begoniifolium (Pentaphragmataceae) 323 Pentapterygium flavum (Ericaceae) 216 Pentapterygium interdictum (Enricaceae) 216 Pentas carnea (Rubiaceae) 354 Pentas coccinea (Rubiaceae) 354 Pentasacme balsamicum (Asclepiadaceae) 473 Pentasacme caudatum (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Pentasacme shanense (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Peperomia exigua (Piperaceae) 324 Peperomia heyneana (Piperaceae) 324 Peperomia moulmeiniana (Piperaceae) 324 Peperomia pellucida (Piperaceae) 324 Peperomia reflexa (Piperaceae) 324 Peperomia tetraphylla (Piperaceae) 324 Pereskia aculeata (Cactaceae) 179 Pereskia grandiflora (see Pereskia grandifolia; Cactaceae) 179 Pereskia grandifolia (Cactaceae) 179 Pereskia reflexa (see Pereskia aculeata; Cactaceae) 179 Pergularia minor (see Telosma minor; Asclepiadaceae) 157 Pergularia pallida (see Telosma pallida; Asclepiadaceae) 157 Pericampylus glaucus (Menispermaceae) 298 Pericampylus macrophyllus (Menispermaceae) 298 Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) 273 Periploca calophylla (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Peristrophe acuminata (Acanthaceae) 130 Peristrophe andamanica (Acanthaceae) 130 Peristrophe bicalyculata (see Peristrophe paniculata; Acanthaceae) 130 Peristrophe fera (Acanthaceae) 130 Peristrophe lanceolaria (Acanthaceae) 130 Peristrophe paniculata (Acanthaceae) 130 Peristylus constrictus (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus densus (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus goodyeroides (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus gracilis (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus lacertiferus (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus mannii (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus parishii (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus prainii (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus tentaculatus (Orchidaceae) 85 Peristylus tipuliferus (Orchidaceae) 86 Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae) 390 Perotis hordeiformis (Poaceae) 109 Perotis indica (Poaceae) 109 Persea americana (Lauraceae) 280 Persea declinata (Lauraceae) 280 Petraea volubilis (Verbenaceae) 390 Petrocosmea kerrii (Gesneriaceae) 264 Petrocosmea kingii (Gesneriaceae) 264 Petrosavia sakuraii (Melanthiaceae) 63 Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae) 146 Petunga roxburghii (see Hypobathrum racemosum; Rubiaceae) 348 Petunia hybrida (Solanaceae) 374 Petunia violacea (Solanaceae) 374 Peucedanum dhana (Apiaceae) 146 Peucedanum parkinsonii (Apiaceae) 146 Phacellaria caulescens (Santalaceae) 362 Phacellaria compressa (Santalaceae) 362 Phacellaria malayana (Santalaceae) 362 Phacellaria rigidula (Santalaceae) 362 Phacelurus zea (Poaceae) 109 Phaeanthus moulmeinensis (see Polyalthia rufescens; Annonaceae) 143 Phaeomeria macraostachyum (Zingiberaceae) 482 Phaeomeria speciosa (see Etlingera elatior; Zingiberaceae) 121 Phaius flavus (Orchidaceae) 86 Phaius longipes (see Cephalantheropsis longipes; Orchidaceae) 68 Phaius mishmensis (Orchidaceae) 86 Phaius roseus (see Phaius mishmensis; Orchidaceae) 86 Phaius tankervillae (Orchidaceae) 86 Phaius wallichii (see Phaius tankervillae; Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis decumbens (see Phalaenopsis deliciosa; Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis deliciosa (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis deliciosa subsp. hookeriana (see Phalaenopsis deliciosa; Orchidaceae) Index to Scientific Names 562 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Phalaenopsis esmeralda (see Phalaenopsis pulcherrima; Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis lobbii (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis lowii (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis mastersii (Orchidaceae) 478 Phalaenopsis parishii (see Nervilia maculata; Orchidaceae) 83 Phalaenopsis parishii var. lobbii (see Phalaenopsis lobbii; Orchidaceae) Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis stobartiana (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaenopsis taenialis (Orchidaceae) 86 Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae) 110 Phaseolus aconitifolius (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus adenanthus (see Vigna adenantha; Fabaceae) 253 Phaseolus angustatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus aureus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus calcaratus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus depauperatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus fuscus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus grandis (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus lunatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus mungo (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus radiatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus radiatus var. grandis (see Phaseolus radiatus; Fabaceae) Phaseolus sublobatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus tenuicaulis (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus trilobus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus velutinus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus vexillatus (Fabaceae) 249 Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) 249 Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Acanthaceae) 130 Phaulopsis parviflora (see Phaulopsis dorsiflora; Acanthaceae) 130 Phenax sonneratii (Urticaceae) 387 Philadelphus coronarius (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Philadelphus delavayi (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Philodendron lacerum (Araceae) 42 Philodendron myrmecophilum (Araceae) 42 Philodendron wendlandii (Araceae) 42 Philydrum lanuginosum (Philydraceae) 91 Phlebocalymna griffithiana (see Gonocaryum griffithianum; Icacinaceae) 269 Phlebocalymna lobbiana (see Gonocaryum lobbianum; Icacinaceae) 269 Phlogacanthus curviflorus (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus elongatus (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus gomezii (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus jenkinsii (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus parviflorus (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus pochinii (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus pubinervius (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (see Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis; Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus tubiflorus (Acanthaceae) 130 Phlogacanthus wallichii (see Phlogacanthus gomezii; Acanthaceae) 130 Phlomis burmanica (Lamiaceae) 273 Phlomis tibetica (Lamiaceae) 273 Phlox drummondii (Polemoniaceae) 326 Phoebe angustifolia (Lauraceae) 280 Phoebe attenuata (Lauraceae) 281 Phoebe birmanica (Lauraceae) 281 Phoebe lanceolata (Lauraceae) 281 Phoebe pallida (Lauraceae) 281 Phoebe paniculata (Lauraceae) 281 Phoebe tavoyana (Lauraceae) 281 Phoenix acaulis (Arecaceae) 31, 473 Phoenix dactylifera (Arecaceae) 46 Phoenix farinifera (see Phoenix pusilla; Arecaceae) 46 Phoenix humilis (see Phoenix loureiri; Arecaceae) 46 Phoenix loureiri (Arecaceae) 46 Phoenix loureiri var. humilis (see Phoenix loureiri; Arecaceae) Phoenix paludosa (Arecaceae) 27, 46 Phoenix pusilla (Arecaceae) 473 Phoenix sylvestris (Arecaceae) 46 Pholidota advena (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota articulata (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota calceata (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota convallariae (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota griffithii (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota imbricata (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota imbricata var. coriacea (see Pholidota imbricata; Orchidaceae) Pholidota lugardii (see Pholidota articulata; Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota obovata (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota pallida (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota protractor (Orchidaceae) 86 Pholidota rubra (Orchidaceae) 86 Photinia beauverdiana (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia benthamiana (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia benthamiana var. glabrescens (see Photinia benthamiana; Rosaceae) Photinia benthamiana var. salicifolia (see Photinia benthamiana; Rosaceae) Photinia birmanensis (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia brandisii (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia burmanicus (Rosaceae) 480 Photinia davidsoniae (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia farreri (Rosaceae) 480 Photinia flavidiflora (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia glabra (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia hookeri (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia integrifolia (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia mollis (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia mollis var. angustifolia (see Photinia mollis; Rosaceae) Photinia myriantha (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia notoniana (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia rufa (Rosaceae) 338 Photinia sambuciflora (Rosaceae) 338 Phragmites karka (see Phragmites vallatoria; Poaceae) 110 Phragmites vallatoria (Poaceae) 110 Phreatia perpusilla (see Gunnarorchis perpusilla; Orchidaceae) 80 Phrynium cadellianum (see Stachyphrynium cadellianum; Marantaceae) 62 Phrynium capitatum (Marantaceae) 62 Phrynium macrostachyum (Marantaceae) 62 Phrynium spicatum (see Stachyphrynium spicatum; Marantaceae) 62 Phtheirospermum parishii (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Phylacium majus (Fabaceae) 249 Phyllanthus acidus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus albizzioides (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 563 Phyllanthus baeobotryoides (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus birmanicus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus clarkei (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus columnaris (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus distichus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus elegans (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus gomphocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus hamiltonianus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus lanceolarius (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus macrocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus nanus (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus parvifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 233 Phyllanthus pomiferus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus prainianus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus pulcher (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus reticulatus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus rheedii (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus roeperianus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus simplex (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phyllanthus urinaria (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Phylloboea amplexicaulis (see Phylloboea glandulosa; Gesneriaceae) 264 Phylloboea glandulosa (Gesneriaceae) 264 Phylloboea sinensis (see Paraboea sinensis; Gesneriaceae) 264 Phyllochlamys spinosa (see Streblus taxoides; Moraceae) 307 Phyllodesmis delavayi (Loranthaceae) 285 Phyllostachys assamica (see Phyllostachys mannii; Poaceae) 110 Phyllostachys bawa (see Phyllostachys mannii; Poaceae) 110 Phyllostachys mannii (Poaceae) 110 Phyllostachys sedan (Poaceae) 110 Phyllostachys sedan var. melanotus (see Phyllostachys sedan; Poaceae) Physalis minima (Solanaceae) 374 Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) 374 Physostelma carnosa (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Physurus hirsutus (see Erythrodes hirsuta; Orchidaceae) 78 Phytocrene bracteata (Icacinaceae) 269 Phytocrene gigantea (Icacinaceae) 269 Phytolacca acinosa (Phytolaccaceae) 323 Picea brachytyla (Pinaceae) 35 Picea farreri (Pinaceae) 35 Picea spinulosa (Pinaceae) 35 Picrasma andamanica (Simaroubaceae) 373 Picrasma javanica (Simaroubaceae) 373 Picris hieracioides (Asteraceae) 165 Picrorhiza kurroa (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Pieris doyonensis (see Lyonia ovalifolia; Ericaceae) 216 Pieris formosa (Ericaceae) 216 Pieris forrestii (see Pieris formosa; Ericaceae) 216 Pieris japonica (Ericaceae) 475 Pieris villosa (see Lyonia villosa; Ericaceae) 216 Pilea smilacifolia (Urticaceae) 387 Pimelandra eugeniaefolia (Myrsinaceae) 310 Pimelandra griffithii (Myrsinaceae) 310 Pimpinella acronemaefolia (Apiaceae) 146 Pimpinella anisum (Apiaceae) 146 Pimpinella cambodgiana (Apiaceae) 146 Pimpinella diversifolia (Apiaceae) 146 Pimpinella heyneana (Apiaceae) 146 Pimpinella parishiana (Apiaceae) 146 Pinanga gracilis (Arecaceae) 46 Pinanga hexasticha (Arecaceae) 46 Pinanga hymenospatha (Arecaceae) 46 Pinanga riparia (Arecaceae) 46 Pinanga rivularis (Arecaceae) 46 Pinus armandi (Pinaceae) 35 Pinus caribaea (Pinaceae) 35 Pinus insularis (Pinaceae) 35 Pinus kesiya (see Pinus khasya; Pinaceae) 35 Pinus khasya (Pinaceae) 19, 23, 35 Pinus merkusii (Pinaceae) 23, 35 Pinus roxburghii (Pinaceae) 35 Pinus wallichiana (Pinaceae) 35 Piper acutistigmum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper attenuatum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper aurantiacum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper avanum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper betle (Piperaceae) 324 Piper boehmeriaefolium (Piperaceae) 324 Piper caninum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper cubebe (Piperaceae) 324 Piper diffusa (Piperaceae) 324 Piper kurzii (Piperaceae) 324 Piper leptostachyum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper longum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper nigrum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper peepuloides (Piperaceae) 324 Piper porrectum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper pothiforme (Piperaceae) 324 Piper pothoides (Piperaceae) 324 Piper ribesioides (Piperaceae) 324 Piper sumatranum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper sylvaticum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper umbellatum (Piperaceae) 324 Piper wallichii (Piperaceae) 324 Piptanthus leiocarpus (Fabaceae) 250 Piptanthus nepalensis (Fabaceae) 250 Piptanthus tomentosus (Fabaceae) 250 Pisonia aculeata (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Pisonia excelsa (Nyctaginaceae) 316 Pistacia coccinea (Anacardiaceae) 139 Pistacia integerrima (Anacardiaceae) 139 Pistacia vera (Anacardiaceae) 139 Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) 42 Pisum elatius (Fabaceae) 250 Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) 250 Pithecellobium affine (Mimosaceae) 302 Pithecellobium dulce (Mimosaceae) 302 Pithecellobium jiringa (see Archidendron jiringa; Mimosaceae) 301 Pithecellobium lobatum (see Archidendron jiringa; Mimosaceae) 301 Pithecellobium montanum (Mimosaceae) 302 Pithecellobium unguis-cati (Mimosaceae) 302 Pittosporopsis kerrii (Icacinaceae) 269 Pittosporum chatterjeeanum (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum ferrugineum (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum floribundum (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum glabratum (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum johnstonianum (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum kerrii (Pittosporaceae) 325 Pittosporum napaulensis (Pittosporaceae) 325 Plagiopetalum esquirolii (Melastomataceae) 293 Plagiopteron suaveolens (Plagiopteraceae) 325 Index to Scientific Names 564 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Plantago major (Plantaginaceae) 325 Plantago ovata (Plantaginaceae) 325 Platanthera altigena (Orchidaceae) 86 Platostoma calcaratum (Lamiaceae) 273 Platostoma coloratum (Lamiaceae) 273 Platostoma palustre (Lamiaceae) 273 Plecospermum andamanicum (Moraceae) 307 Plectocomia assamica (Arecaceae) 46 Plectocomia macrostachya (Arecaceae) 46 Plectocomiopsis geminiflora (Arecaceae) 46 Plectocomiopsis paradoxus (see Myrialepis paradoxa; Arecaceae) 46 Plectranthus brandisii (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus coetsa (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus crenulatus (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus fulvescens (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus gerardianus (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus helferi (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus hispidus (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus incanus (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus macranthus (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus meeboldii (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus parishii (Lamiaceae) 273 Plectranthus striatus (Lamiaceae) 274 Plectranthus ternifolius (Lamiaceae) 274 Plectranthus tuberosus (Lamiaceae) 274 Plectronia glabra (Rubiaceae) 354 Plectronia horrida (Rubiaceae) 354 Plectronia parvifolia (Rubiaceae) 354 Plectronia tavoyana (Rubiaceae) 354 Pleione albiflora (Orchidaceae) 86 Pleione birmanica (see Pleione praecox; Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione diantha (see Pleione humilis; Orchidaceae) 86 Pleione forrestii (Orchidaceae) 86 Pleione hookeriana (Orchidaceae) 86 Pleione humilis (Orchidaceae) 86 Pleione limprichtii (Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione maculata (Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione praecox (Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione reichenbachiana (see Pleione praecox; Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione scopulorum (Orchidaceae) 87 Pleione yunnanensis (Orchidaceae) 87 Pleurospermum benthamii (Apiaceae) 146 Pleurospermum stylosum (Apiaceae) 146 Pluchea doniana (Asteraceae) 165 Pluchea indica (Asteraceae) 165 Plukenetia corniculata (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Plumbago auriculata (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Plumbago capensis (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Plumbago indica (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Plumbago rosea (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Plumeria acuminata (see Plumeria rubra; Apocynaceae) 149 Plumeria alba (Apocynaceae) 148 Plumeria obtusa (Apocynaceae) 148 Plumeria rubra (Apocynaceae) 149 Poa annua (Poaceae) 110 Poa attenuata (Poaceae) 110 Poa burmanica (Poaceae) 110 Poa nephelophila (Poaceae) 110 Poa spontanea (Poaceae) 110 Podocarpus chinensis (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus chinensis var. wardii (see Podocarpus chinensis; Podocarpaceae) Podocarpus cupressina (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus epiphyticus (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus javanicus (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus macrophyllus (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus neriifolius (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podocarpus wallichianus (Podocarpaceae) 35 Podochilus cultratus (Orchidaceae) 87 Podochilus khasianus (Orchidaceae) 87 Podochilus lucescens (Orchidaceae) 87 Podochilus microphyllus (Orchidaceae) 87 Podostemum microcarpus (see Zeylanidium lichenoides; Podostemaceae) 326 Podostemum pterophyllus (Podostemaceae) 325 Podostemum wallichii (Podostemaceae) 325 Podostemum wattii (Podostemaceae) 325 Pogonatherum crinitum (Poaceae) 110 Pogonatherum paniceum (Poaceae) 110 Pogonia cuprea (Orchidaceae) 87 Pogonia pulchella (see Nervilia plicata; Orchidaceae) 83 Pogostemon auricularius (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon elsholtzioides (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon fraternus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon glaber (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon griffithii (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon heyneanus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon hispidus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon macgregorii (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon officinalis (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon paniculatus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon parviflorus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon peguanus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon plectranthoides (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon pumilus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon purpurascens (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon sessile (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon stellatus (Lamiaceae) 274 Pogostemon wattii (Lamiaceae) 274 Poikilospermum suaveolens (Cecropiaceae) 190 Polianthes tuberosa (Agavaceae) 37 Pollia secundiflora (Commelinaceae) 49 Pollia sorzogonensis var. gigantea (see Pollia secundiflora; Commelinaceae) Polyalthia andamanica (see Polyalthia jenkinsii; Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia bifaria (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia cerasoides (see Polyalthia crassa; Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia costata (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia crassa (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia hookeriana (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia jenkinsii (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia laterifolia (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia longifolia (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia macrophylla (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia membranacea (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia nitida (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia rufescens (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia simiarum (Annonaceae) 143 Polyalthia suberosa (Annonaceae) 144 Polyalthia sumatrana (Annonaceae) 144 Polyalthia wrayi (Annonaceae) 144 Polycarpaea corymbosa (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 565 Polycarpon loeflingiae (see Polycarpon prostratum; Caryophyllaceae) 190 Polycarpon prostratum (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Polygala alphonsii (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala arillata (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala birmanica (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala cardiocarpa (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala carnosa (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala crotalarioides (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala cucullatum (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala erioptera (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala floribunda (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala heteroptera (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala karensium (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala kyoukmyoungensis (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala lacei (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala leptalea (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala palustris (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala pellucida (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala persicariaefolia (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala sibirica (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala sibirica subsp. bhutanica (see Polygala sibirica; Polygalaceae) Polygala trichophylla (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala trichophylla var. glaucescens (see Polygala trichophylla; Polygalaceae) Polygala triphylla (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygala umbonata (Polygalaceae) 326 Polygonatum biflorum (Convallariaceae) 50 Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Convallariaceae) 50 Polygonatum kingianum (Convallariaceae) 50 Polygonatum punctatum (Convallariaceae) 50 Polygonatum tessellatum (Convallariaceae) 50 Polygonum adenopodum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum alatum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum assamicum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum barbatum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum barbatum var. gracilis (see Polygonum barbatum; Polygonaceae) Polygonum barbatum var. stagninum (see Polygonum barbatum; Polygonaceae) Polygonum birmanicum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum capitatum (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum chinense (Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum chinense var. hispida (see Polygonum chinense; Polygonaceae) Polygonum chinense var. ovalifolia (see Polygonum chinense; Polygonaceae) Polygonum filicaule (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum forrestii (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum glabrum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum griffithii (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum hydropiper (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum lapathifolium (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum longisetum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum molle (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum nummutlarifolium (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum orientale (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum plebeium (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum polystachyum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum rude (see Polygonum molle; Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum runcinatum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum serrulatum (see Polygonum barbatum; Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum sphaerostachyum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum stagninum (see Polygonum barbatum; Polygonaceae) 327 Polygonum strigosum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum tomentosum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum virginianum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polygonum viviparum (Polygonaceae) 328 Polyosma integrifolia (Escalloniaceae) 223 Polypleurum wallichii (Podostemaceae) 326 Polypogon fugax (Poaceae) 110 Polypogon interruptus (Poaceae) 110 Polypogon littoralis (Poaceae) 110 Polyscias fruticosa (Araliaceae) 152 Polystachya concreta (Orchidaceae) 87 Polystachya senile (Orchidaceae) 87 Polytoca cookei (see Trilobachne cookei; Poaceae) 114 Polytoca digitata (Poaceae) 110 Polytoca heteroclita (see Polytoca digitata; Poaceae) 110 Polytoca wallichiana (Poaceae) 110 Polytrias amaura (Poaceae) 110 Polytrias indica (Poaceae) 110 Pomatocalpa spicata (Orchidaceae) 87 Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae) 364 Pometia tomentosa (see Pometia pinnata; Sapindaceae) 364 Pommereschia lackneri (Zingiberaceae) 123 Pommereschia spectabilis (Zingiberaceae) 123 Ponerorchis monophylla (Orchidaceae) 87 Pongamia mitis (Fabaceae) 250 Pongamia pinnata (Fabaceae) 250 Popowia helferi (Annonaceae) 144 Popowia kurzii (see Trivalvaria macrophylla; Annonaceae) 144 Popowia pisocarpa (Annonaceae) 144 Popowia ramosissima (see Popowia pisocarpa; Annonaceae) 144 Populus adenopoda (Salicaceae) 361 Populus ciliata (Salicaceae) 361 Populus nigra (Salicaceae) 361 Porana paniculata (see Poranopsis paniculata; Convolvulaceae) 201 Porana racemosa (see Dinetus racemosus; Convolvulaceae) 198 Porana spectabilis (see Tridynamia spectabilis; Convolvulaceae) 201 Porana truncata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Porana volubilis (Convolvulaceae) 201 Poranopsis discifera (Convolvulaceae) 201 Poranopsis paniculata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Porpax meirax (Orchidaceae) 87 Porpax ustulata (Orchidaceae) 87 Portulaca grandiflora (Portulacaceae) 329 Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae) 329 Portulaca pilosa (Portulacaceae) 329 Portulaca quadrifida (Portulacaceae) 329 Potamogeton crispus (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton heterophyllus (see Potamogeton lucens; Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton indicus (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton lucens (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton natans (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton nodosus (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton obtusifolius (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Index to Scientific Names 566 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Potamogeton pectinatus (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton pusillus (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton rufescens (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton trichoides (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potamogeton wrightii (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Potentilla burmanica (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla coriandrifolia (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla cristata (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla curta (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla dumosa (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla fragarioides (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla fruticosa (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla fulgens (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla indica (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla kleiniana (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla leuconota (Rosaceae) 338 Potentilla microphylla (Rosaceae) 339 Potentilla montisvictoriae (Rosaceae) 339 Potentilla peduncularis (Rosaceae) 339 Potentilla pellita (Rosaceae) 339 Potentilla turfosa (Rosaceae) 339 Potentilla vittata (Rosaceae) 339 Pothos angustifolius (see Pothos scandens; Araceae) 42 Pothos aureus (see Epipremnum pinnatum; Araceae) 42 Pothos catheartii (Araceae) 42 Pothos hermaphroditus (Araceae) 472 Pothos microphyllus (Araceae) 42 Pothos scandens (Araceae) 42 Pothos scandens var. helferianus (see Pothos scandens; Araceae) Pottingeria acuminata (Celastraceae) 192 Pottsia cantoniensis (see Pottsia laxiflora; Apocynaceae) 149 Pottsia laxiflora (Apocynaceae) 149 Pourthiaea arguta (Rosaceae) 339 Pourthiaea salicifolia (Rosaceae) 339 Pouteria grandifolia (Sapotaceae) 365 Pouteria tomentosa (Sapotaceae) 365 Pouzolzia hirta (Urticaceae) 387 Pouzolzia indica (Urticaceae) 387 Pouzolzia pentandra (Urticaceae) 387 Pouzolzia viminea (Urticaceae) 387 Pratia montana (Campanulaceae) 185 Premna amplectens (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna barbata (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna bengalensis (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna bracteata (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna divaricata (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna esculenta (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna flavescens (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna gmelinoides (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna grossa (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna herbacea (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna integrifolia (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna khasiana (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna latifolia (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna macrophylla (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna nana (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna parasitica (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna pinguis (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna pyramidata (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna racemosa (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna sambucina (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna scandens (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna tomentosa (Verbenaceae) 390 Premna viburnoides (Verbenaceae) 390 Prenanthes hookeri (Asteraceae) 165 Prenanthes hothae (Asteraceae) 165 Prenanthes volubilis (Asteraceae) 165 Prenanthes yakoensis (Asteraceae) 166 Primula agleniana (Primulaceae) 330 Primula alta (Primulaceae) 330 Primula androsacea (Primulaceae) 330 Primula begoniiformis (Primulaceae) 330 Primula bella (Primulaceae) 330 Primula blandula (Primulaceae) 330 Primula bryophylla (Primulaceae) 330 Primula burmanica (Primulaceae) 330 Primula calliantha (Primulaceae) 330 Primula calliantha var. nuda (see Primula calliantha; Primulaceae) Primula calthifolia (Primulaceae) 330 Primula capitata (Primulaceae) 330 Primula chamaethauma (Primulaceae) 330 Primula coryphaea (Primulaceae) 330 Primula cycliophylla (Primulaceae) 330 Primula delavayi (Primulaceae) 330 Primula densa (Primulaceae) 330 Primula denticulata (Primulaceae) 330 Primula dickieana (Primulaceae) 330 Primula dictyophylla (Primulaceae) 330 Primula dryadifolia (Primulaceae) 330 Primula dumicola (Primulaceae) 330 Primula edgeworthii (Primulaceae) 330 Primula euchaites (Primulaceae) 330 Primula euosma (Primulaceae) 330 Primula euosma var. puralba (see Primula euosma; Primulaceae) Primula fea (Primulaceae) 330 Primula filipes (Primulaceae) 330 Primula firmipes (Primulaceae) 330 Primula forbesii (Primulaceae) 330 Primula fragilis (Primulaceae) 330 Primula geraniifolia (Primulaceae) 330 Primula helodoxa (Primulaceae) 330 Primula klaveriana (Primulaceae) 330 Primula lacerata (Primulaceae) 330 Primula likiangensis (Primulaceae) 330 Primula limnoica (Primulaceae) 331 Primula listeri (Primulaceae) 331 Primula mackliniae (Primulaceae) 331 Primula meiantha (Primulaceae) 331 Primula melanodonta (Primulaceae) 331 Primula mollis (Primulaceae) 331 Primula muscarioides (Primulaceae) 331 Primula muscoides (Primulaceae) 331 Primula nudicaulis (Primulaceae) 331 Primula prenantha (Primulaceae) 331 Primula prolifera (Primulaceae) 331 Primula sciophila (Primulaceae) 33 1 Primula seclus (Primulaceae) 331 Primula seclusa (Primulaceae) 331 Primula serratifolia (Primulaceae) 331 Primula sikkimensis (Primulaceae) 331 Primula silaensis (Primulaceae) 331 Primula siphonantha (Primulaceae) 331 Primula sonchifolia (Primulaceae) 331 Primula thearosa (Primulaceae) 331 Primula triloba (Primulaceae) 331 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 567 Primula werringtonensis (Primulaceae) 331 Primula whitei (Primulaceae) 331 Priotropis cytisoides (Fabaceae) 250 Prismatomeris albidiflora (Rubiaceae) 354 Prismatomeris parkinsonii (Rubiaceae) 354 Priva pedicellata (Verbenaceae) 390 Procris wightiana (Urticaceae) 387 Prosopis juliflora (Mimosaceae) 302 Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa (see Prosopis juliflora; Mimosaceae) Prosopis spicigera (Mimosaceae) 302 Protium serratum (Burseraceae) 179 Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae) 274 Prunus acuminata (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus avium (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus brachypoda (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus bracteopadus (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus campanulata (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus cerasoides (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus communis (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus dulcis (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus henryi (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus hosseusii (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus jenkinsii (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus kingdonwardii (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus latidentata (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus latidentata var. trichocalyx (see Prunus latidentata; Rosaceae) Prunus litigiosa (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus macrophyllus (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus majestica (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus martabanica (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus mugus (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus mume (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus nepaulensis (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus padus (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus persica (Rosaceae) 339 Prunus phaeosticta (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus pseudocerasus (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus puddum (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus punctata (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus rufa (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus salicina (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus serrula (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus tatsiensis (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus trichantha (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus triflora (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus venosa (Rosaceae) 340 Prunus wallichii (Rosaceae) 340 Pseudanthistiria burmanica (Poaceae) 110 Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum (see Pseuderanthemum carruthersii; Acanthaceae) 130 Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Acanthaceae) 130 Pseuderanthemum cinnabarinum (Acanthaceae) 130 Pseuderanthemum latifolium (Acanthaceae) 131 Pseuderanthemum parishii (Acanthaceae) 131 Pseuderanthemum polyanthum (Acanthaceae) 131 Pseudobambusa kurzii (Poaceae) 110 Pseudocalymma alliacea (see Mansoa alliacea; Bignoniaceae) 174 Pseudodissochaeta assamica (Melastomataceae) 293 Pseudodissochaeta septentrionalis (Melastomataceae) 293 Pseudopogonatherum contortum (Poaceae) 110 Pseudopogonatherum irritans (Poaceae) 110 Pseudoraphis brunoniana (Poaceae) 110 Pseudoraphis minuta (Poaceae) 110 Pseudoraphis spinescens (Poaceae) 110 Pseudosorghum fasciculare (Poaceae) 110 Pseudostachyum polymorphum (Poaceae) | 11 Pseudostachyum wakha (Poaceae) | 11 Pseudostreblus indica (Moraceae) 307 Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata (Poaceae) | 11 Pseudoxytenanthera hosseusii (Poaceae) 111 Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Poaceae) |11 Pseudoxytenanthera parvifolia (Poaceae) 111 Pseuduvaria indochinensis (Annonaceae) 144 Pseuduvaria multiovulata (Annonaceae) 144 Pseuduvaria reticulata (Annonaceae) 144 Pseuduvaria rugosa (Annonaceae) 144 Psidium acidum (Myrtaceae) 313 Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae) 313 Psidium guineense (Myrtaceae) 313 Psilotrichum ferrugineum (Amaranthaceae) 137 Psilotrichum trichotomum (see Psilotrichum ferrugineum; Amaranthaceae) 137 Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae) 250 Psychotria adenophylla (Rubiaceae) 354 Psychotria angulata (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria bisulcata (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria burmanica (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria calderi (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria calocarpa (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria denticulata (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria divergens (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria erratica (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria fulva (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria helferiana (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria maingayi (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria malayana (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria montana (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria rhinocerotis (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria russellii (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria sarmetosa (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria sulcata (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria symplocifolia (Rubiaceae) 355 Psychotria tylophora (Rubiaceae) 355 Pterisanthes polita (Vitaceae) 393 Pternandra caerulescens (Melastomataceae) 293 Pternandra capitellata (Melastomataceae) 293 Pterocarpus dalbergioides (Fabaceae) 250 Pterocarpus indicus (Fabaceae) 250 Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Fabaceae) 25-26, 250 Pterocarpus marsupium (Fabaceae) 250 Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) 250 Pterocaulon cylindrostachyum (see Pterocaulon redolens; Asteraceae) 166 Pterocaulon redolens (Asteraceae) 166 Pteroceras compressum (Orchidaceae) 87 Pteroceras fasciata (Orchidaceae) 479 Pteroceras leopardinum (Orchidaceae) 87 Pteroceras suaveolens (Orchidaceae) 87 Pterocymbium macranthum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterocymbium tinctorium (Sterculiaceae) 481 Pterolobium densiflorum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Pterolobium indicum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Pterolobium indicum var. macropterum (see Pterolobium indicum; Caesalpiniaceae) Index to Scientific Names 568 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Pterolobium microphyllum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Pterospermum acerifolium (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum aceroides (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum blumeanum (see Pterospermum javanicum; Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum cinnamomeum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum fuscum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum jackianum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum javanicum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum lanceifolium (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum reticulatum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterospermum semisagittatum (Sterculiaceae) 25, 29, 377 Pterospermum suberifolium (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pterostyrax burmanicus (Styracaceae) 378 Pterygota alata (Sterculiaceae) 377 Pueraria alopecuroides (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria brachycarpa (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria candollei (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria collettii (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria hirsuta (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria lacei (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria lobata (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria peduncularis (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria phaseoloides (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria stricta (see Pueraria collettii; Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria thomsoni (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria tuberosa (Fabaceae) 250 Pueraria wallichii (Fabaceae) 250 Punica granatum (Punicaceae) 332 Pupalia lappacea (Amaranthaceae) 137 Putranjiva roxburghii (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Pyenarrhena pleniflora (Menispermaceae) 298 Pycreus nitens (see Cyperus hyalinus; Cyperaceae) 53 Pycreus pumilus (see Cyperus hyalinus; Cyperaceae) 53 Pycreus sulcinux (see Cyperus sulcinux; Cyperaceae) 54 Pygeum acuminatum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum anomalum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum arboreum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum capitellatum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum caudatum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum lampongum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum montanum (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum persimile (Rosaceae) 340 Pygeum wightianum (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrenaria attenuata (Theaceae) 381 Pyrenaria burmanica (Theaceae) 381] Pyrenaria camelliaeflora (Theaceae) 381 Pyrenaria diospyricarpa (Theaceae) 381 Pyrenaria kunstleri (Theaceae) 381 Pyrenaria serrata (Theaceae) 381 Pyrola rotundifolia (Ericaceae) 216 Pyrostegia venusta (Bignoniaceae) 174 Pyrularia edulis (Santalaceae) 362 Pyrus communis (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus cuspidata (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus foliolosa (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus granulosa (see Sorbus corymbifera; Rosaceae) 343 Pyrus japonica (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus kachinensis (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus khasiana (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus microphylla (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus pashia (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus vestita (Rosaceae) 340 Pyrus vestita var. khasiana (see Pyrus vestita; Rosaceae) Quamoclit lobata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Quassia amara (Simaroubaceae) 373 Quercus augustinii (Fagaceae) 255 Quercus bancana (see Lithocarpus polystachya; Fagaceae) 255 Quercus brandisiana (Fagaceae) 23, 255 Quercus brandisiana var. hildebrandii (see Quercus brandisiana; Fagaceae) Quercus divaricata (Fagaceae) 255 Quercus encleisacarpa (see Lithocarpus encleisacarpus; Fagaceae) 254 Quercus engleriana (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus gilliana (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus glauca (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus griffithii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus helferiana (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus hilldebrandii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus ilex (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus incana (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus jenkinsii (see Lithocarpus jenkinsii; Fagaceae) 255 Quercus junghuhnii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus kerrii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus kingii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus lamellosa (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus lanata (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus lanceaefolia (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus lanceaefolia var. oemicostata (see Quercus lanceaefolia; Fagaceae) Quercus lanuginosa (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus lineata (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus listeri (see Lithocarpus listeri; Fagaceae) 255 Quercus lodicosa (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus mespilifolia (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus mespilifolia var. microcalyx (see Quercus mespilifolia; Fagaceae) Quercus monimotricha (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus oidocarpa (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus pachyphylla (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus ramsbottomii (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus rex (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus semicarpifolia (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus semiserrata (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus semiserrata var. manni (see Quercus semiserrata; Fagaceae) Quercus serrata (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus spicata (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus thomsoni (Fagaceae) 23, 256 Quercus velutina (Fagaceae) 256 Quercus xanthoclada (Fagaceae) 257 Quisqualis densiflora (Combretaceae) 195 Quisqualis indica (see Combretum indicum; Combretaceae) 194 Radermachera borii (Bignoniaceae) 174 Radermachera gigantea (see Stereospermum hypostictum; Bignoniaceae) 175 Radermachera glandulosa (Bignoniaceae) 174 Randia angustissima (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia densiflora (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia dumetorum (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia exaltata (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia fasciculata (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia griffithii (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia hygrophyla (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia klossi1 (Rubiaceae) 355 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 569 Randia longiflora (see Oxyceros longiflora; Rubiaceae) 354 Randia schoemannii (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia siamensis (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia tomentosa (Rubiaceae) 355 Randia uliginosa (Rubiaceae) 356 Randia uranthera (Rubiaceae) 356 Randia urathera (Rubiaceae) 356 Randia wallichii (see Tarennoidea wallichii; Rubiaceae) 356 Ranunculus diffusus (Ranunculaceae) 334 Ranunculus hirtellus (Ranunculaceae) 334 Ranunculus pensylvanicus (Ranunculaceae) 334 Ranunculus sceleratus (Ranunculaceae) 334 Ranunculus siamensis (Ranunculaceae) 334 Ranunculus vestitus (Ranunculaceae) 334 Rapanea neriifolia (Myrsinaceae) 310 Rapanea neriifolia var. yunnanensis (see Rapanea neriifolia; Myrsinaceae) Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae) 178 Raphistemma pulchellum (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Ratzburghia pulcherrima (see Mnesithea pulcherrima; Poaceae) 107 Rauvolfia densiflora (see Rauvolfia verticillata; Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia microcarpa (Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia ophiorrhizoides (see Rauvolfia verticillata; Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia perakensis (see Rauvolfia verticillata; Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia rivularis (Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae) 149 Rauvolfia verticillata (Apocynaceae) 149 Ravenala madagascariensis (Strelitziaceae) 117 Reevesia pubescens (Sterculiaceae) 377 Reevesia siamensis (Sterculiaceae) 377 Reevesia tomentosa (Sterculiaceae) 377 Reinwardtia tetragyna (Linaceae) 283 Reinwardtia trigyna (Linaceae) 283 Remirea maritima (Cyperaceae) 56 Remusatia hookeriana (Araceae) 42 Remusatia vivipara (Araceae) 42 Renanthera coccinea (Orchidaceae) 87 Renanthera hennisiana (Orchidaceae) 87 Renanthera imschootiana (Orchidaceae) 87 Renanthera pulchella (Orchidaceae) 87 Rennellia speciosa (Rubiaceae) 356 Reseda odorata (Resedaceae) 335 Rhabdia lycioides (see Rotula aquatica; Boraginaceae) 177 Rhamnus nipalensis (Rhamnaceae) 335 Rhamnus sargentianus (Rhamnaceae) 335 Rhamnus virgatus (Rhamnaceae) 335 Rhaphidophora aurea (see Epipremnum pinnatum; Araceae) 42 Rhaphidophora calophyllum (see Rhaphidophora peepla; Araceae) 42 Rhaphidophora decursiva (Araceae) 42 Rhaphidophora glauca (Araceae) 42 Rhaphidophora peepla (Araceae) 42 Rhaphidophora pictus (see Scindapsus pictus; Araceae) 42 Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae) 46 Rhapis flabelliformis (see Rhapis excelsa; Arecaceae) 46 Rhektophyllum mirabile (see Cercestis mirabilis; Araceae) 41 Rheum acuminatum (Polygonaceae) 328 Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) 328 Rheum emodii (see Rheum australe; Polygonaceae) 328 Rheum nobile (Polygonaceae) 328 Rheum yunnanense (Polygonaceae) 328 Rhinacanthus calcaratus (Acanthaceae) 131 Rhinacanthus communis (Acanthaceae) 131 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) 179 Rhizanthes zippelii (Rafflesiaceae) 332 Rhizophora candelaria (Rhizophoraceae) 30, 336 Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae) 30, 336 Rhodamnia trinervia (Myrtaceae) 313 Rhodeleia forrestii (Hamamelidaceae) 265 Rhodiola atuntsuensis (Crassulaceae) 202 Rhodiola bupleuroides (Crassulaceae) 202 Rhodiola dumulosa (Crassulaceae) 202 Rhodiola kirilowii (Crassulaceae) 203 Rhodiola macrocarpa (Crassulaceae) 203 Rhodiola nobilis (Crassulaceae) 203 Rhodiola ovatisepala (Crassulaceae) 203 Rhodiola wallichiana (Crassulaceae) 203 Rhododendron aemulorum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron aepriogynum (Ericaceae) 475 Rhododendron agapetum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron aiolosalpinx (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron anthopogon (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron aperantum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron araiophyllum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron arboreum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron arizelum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron asperulum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron bainbridgeanum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron beanianum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron beesianum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron brachystylum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron bullatum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron burmanicum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron butyrium (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron calciphilum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron callimorphum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron calostrotum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron caloxanthum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron campanulatum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron campylogynum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron carneum (Ericaceae) 216 Rhododendron cephalanthum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cerasiflorum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cerasinum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cerinum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron chaetomallum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron charapoeum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron charidotes (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron charitopes (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron charitostreptum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron charopoeum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron chawchiense (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron chionanthum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron chryseum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron chrysolepis (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cilticalyx (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cillipes (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron citriniflorum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron coelicum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron commodum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron crassum (see Rhododendron maddenii; Ericaceae) 219 Index to Scientific Names 570 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Rhododendron crebreflorum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cremnastes (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron crinigerum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cubittii (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron cuffeanum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron decorum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron delavayi (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron dendricola (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron desquamatum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron diaprepes (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron dichroanthum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron eclectum (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron edgeworthii (Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron eriogynum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron eritimum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron euchaites (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron euchroum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron eurysiphon (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron exasperatum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron facetum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron falconeri (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron formosum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron fortunei (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron fulgens (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron fulvum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron gaultheriifolium (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron genestierianum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron glischroides (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron glischrum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron griersonianum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron habrotrichum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron haematodes (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron heliolepis (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron heptamerum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron herpesticum (see Rhododendron dichroanthum; Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron hodgsonii (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron horlickianum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron hylaeum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron hypolepidotum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron imperator (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron inaequale (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron indicum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron insculptum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron irroratum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron jenestierianum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron johnstonianum (Ericaceae) 218 Rhododendron kasoense (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron kyawi (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron lenticeltum (Ericaceae) 475 Rhododendron leptothrium (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron lindleyi (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron lithophilum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron luteiflorum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron mackenzianum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron maddenii (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron magnificum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron mallotum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron manipurense (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron martinianum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron meddianum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron medoense (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron megacalyx (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron megeratum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron melinanthum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron micromeres (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron microphyton (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron mirabile (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron moulmainense (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron myiagrum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron myrtilloides (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron neriiflorum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron ngawchangensis (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron niphargum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron niphobolum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron nitens (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron notatum (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron nuttallii (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron nwaiense (Ericaceae) 219 Rhododendron obtusum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron ombrochares (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron oporinum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron oulotrichum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron oxyphyllum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron pankimense (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron parishii (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron peramoenum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron phaedropum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron phoenicodum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron ponticum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron praestans (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron preptum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron prophantum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron protistum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron pruniflorum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhedodendron pseudociltipes (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron recurvoides (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron regale (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron repens (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rex (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron riparium (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rivulare (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rubiginosum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rubrantherum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rude (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron rupicola (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron saluense (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron sanguineum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron sciaphilum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron scyphocalyx (see Rhododendron dichroanthum; Ericaceae) 217 Rhododendron seinghkuense (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron selense (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron sidereum (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron simsii (Ericaceae) 220 Rhododendron sinogrande (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron sinonuttallii (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron siolereum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron sperabile (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron spilotum (Ericaceae) 221] Rhododendron spodopeplum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron stamineum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron stenaulum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron stewartianum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron suberosum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron sulfureum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron supranubium (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron surasianum (Ericaceae) 221 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 571 Rhododendron taggianum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron tamaense (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron tanastylum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron tapeinum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron taronense (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron tephropeplum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron tetrastylum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron thomsonii (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron timeteum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron torquatum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron trichocladum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron triflorum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron vacciniaceum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron vaccinioides (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron veitchianum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron vesiculiferum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron vestitum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron xanthostephanum (Ericaceae) 221 Rhododendron yunnanense (Ericaceae) 222 Rhododendron zaleucum (Ericaceae) 222 Rhodomyrtus cinerea (Myrtaceae) 313 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Myrtaceae) 313 Rhoeo discolor (see Tradescantia spathacea; Commelinaceae) 49 Rhomboda moulmeinensis (Orchidaceae) 87 Rhomboda wardii (Orchidaceae) 87 Rhopalephora scaberrima (Commelinaceae) 49 Rhus amherstensis (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus griffithii (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus javanica (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus lancea (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus paniculata (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus parviflora (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus punjabensis (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus semialata (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhus succedanea (Anacardiaceae) 139 Rhynchanthus beesianus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Rhynchanthus bluthianus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Rhynchanthus johnianus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Rhynchanthus longiflorus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Rhynchelytrum repens (Poaceae) 111 Rhynchodia wallichii (see Chonemorpha verrucosa; Apocynaceae) 148 Rhynchoglossum obliquum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Rhynchosia avensis (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia bracteata (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia candicans (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia himalensis (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia minima (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia pilosa (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia rufescens (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchosia sericea (Fabaceae) 251 Rhynchospermum verticillatum (Asteraceae) 166 Rhynchospora corymbosa (Cyperaceae) 56 Rhynchospora longisetis (Cyperaceae) 56 Rhynchospora rubra (Cyperaceae) 56 Rhynchospora wallichiana (see Rhynchospora rubra; Cyperaceae) 56 Rhynchostylis gigantea (Orchidaceae) 87 Rhynchostylis gigantea var. harrisoniana (see Rhynchostylis gigantea; Orchidaceae) Rhynchostylis retusa (Orchidaceae) 87 Rhynchostylis retusa var. majus (see Rhynchostylis retusa; Orchidaceae) Rhynchotechum alternifolium (Gesneriaceae) 264 Rhynchotechum brandisii (Gesneriaceae) 264 Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Rhynchotechum ellipticum var. angustum (see Rhynchotechum ellipticum; Gesneriaceae) Rhynchotechum latifolium (see Rhynchotechum ellipticum; Gesneriaceae) 264 Rhynchotechum vestitum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Ribes glaciale (Grossulariaceae) 264 Ribes laciniatum (Grossulariaceae) 264 Ribes laurifolium (Grossulariaceae) 265 Ribes rubrum (Grossulariaceae) 265 Ribes takare (Grossulariaceae) 265 Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) 29, 31, 234 Rinorea bengalensis (Violaceae) 392 Rinorea griffithii (Violaceae) 392 Rinorea longiracemosa (Violaceae) 392 Rinorea mollis (Violaceae) 392 Rinorea racemosa (Violaceae) 392 Ripidium arundinaceum (Poaceae) 111 Ripidium procerum (Poaceae) 111 Rivea ornata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Rivea roxburghii (Convolvulaceae) 201 Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) 251 Robiquetia pachyphylla (Orchidaceae) 88 Robiquetia paniculata (see Robiquetia succisa; Orchidaceae) 88 Robiquetia spathulata (Orchidaceae) 88 Robiquetia succisa (Orchidaceae) 88 Rodgersia aesculifolia (Saxifragaceae) 366 Rodgersia pinnata (Saxifragaceae) 366 Rorippa benghalensis (Brassicaceae) 178 Rorippa dubia (Brassicaceae) 178 Rorippa indica (Brassicaceae) 178 Rosa alba (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa bracteata (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa cathayensis (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa centifolia (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa clinophylla (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa collettii (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa damascena (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa gallica (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa gigantea (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa indica (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa involucrata (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa longicuspis (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa moschata (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa sericea (Rosaceae) 341 Rosa webbiana (Rosaceae) 341 Roscoea alpina (Zingiberaceae) 123 Roscoea australis (Zingiberaceae) 123 Roscoea brandisii (Zingiberaceae) 123 Roscoea purpurea (Zingiberaceae) 123 Roscoea tibetica (Zingiberaceae) 123 Roscoea wardii (Zingiberaceae) 123 Rotala cordata (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala densiflora (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala hexandra (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala illecebroides (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala indica (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala mexicana (Lythraceae) 286 Rotala rosea (Lythraceae) 287 Rotala rotundifolia (Lythraceae) 287 Index to Scientific Names 572 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Rotala simpliciuscula (Lythraceae) 287 Rotala stipulata (Lythraceae) 287 Rotala subrotunda (Lythraceae) 287 Rotala subrotunda var. latifolia (see Rotala subrotunda; Lythraceae) Rotala wallichii (Lythraceae) 287 Rottboellia exaltata (Poaceae) 111 Rottboellia striata (see Mnesithea striata; Poaceae) 107 Rotula aquatica (Boraginaceae) 177 Roupellia grata (see Strophanthus gratus; Apocynaceae) 149 Rourea birmanica (Connaraceae) 196 Rourea breviracemosa (Connaraceae) 196 Rourea commutata (Connaraceae) 197 Rourea emarginata (Connaraceae) 197 Rourea pulchella (Connaraceae) 197 Rourea stenopetala (Connaraceae) 197 Rourea villosa (Connaraceae) 197 Rourea wallichiana (Connaraceae) 197 Roureopsis stenopetala (see Rourea stenopetala; Connaraceae) 197 Roydsia fasciculata (Capparaceae) 187 Roydsia obtusifolia (Capparaceae) 187 Roydsia parviflora (Capparaceae) 187 Roydsia suaveolens (Capparaceae) 187 Roystonea regia (Arecaceae) 46 Rubia angustissima (Rubiaceae) 356 Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae) 356 Rubia crassipes (Rubiaceae) 356 Rubia mandersii (Rubiaceae) 356 Rubus acuminatus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus alceaefolius (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus alpestris (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus ampelinus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus assamensis (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus biflorus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus birmanicus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus bullatifolius (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus calycinus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus chaetocalyx (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus corchorifolius (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus ellipticus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus elongatus (Rosaceae) 341 Rubus eustephanos (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus ferox (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus gigantiflorus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus glomeratus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus gracilis (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus hexagynus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus hookeri (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus horridulus (see Rubus parapungens; Rosaceae) 342 Rubus indotibetanus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus lambertiana (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus lasiocarpus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus lineatus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus loropetalus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus lucens (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus malifolius (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus modestus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus moluccanus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus niveus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus paniculatus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus parapungens (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus pentagonus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus potentilloides (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus rosaefolius (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus subornatus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus sumatranus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus thomsonii (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus treutleri (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus wardii (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus yunanicus (Rosaceae) 342 Rubus yunnanensis (Rosaceae) 342 Rudbeckia hirta (Asteraceae) 166 Rudbeckia speciosa (see Echinacea purpurea; Asteraceae) 162 Ruellia ciliata (Acanthaceae) 131 Ruellia macrosiphon (Acanthaceae) 131 Ruellia patula (Acanthaceae) 131 Ruellia repens (Acanthaceae) 131 Ruellia tuberosa (Acanthaceae) 131 Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae) 328 Rumex maritimus (Polygonaceae) 328 Rumex nepalensis (Polygonaceae) 328 Rumex nigricans (Polygonaceae) 328 Rumex trisetiferus (Polygonaceae) 328 Rumex vesicarius (Polygonaceae) 328 Rungia beddomei (Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia brandisii (Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia burmanica (Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia javensis (Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia parviflora (see Rungia pectinata; Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia parviflora var. pectinata (see Rungia pectinata; Acanthaceae) Rungia pectinata (Acanthaceae) 131 Rungia repens (Acanthaceae) 131 Ruppia maritima (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Ruppia rostellata (Potamogetonaceae) 116 Russelia coccinea (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Russelia equisitiformis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Russelia juncea (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae) 360 Ryparia caesia (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sabal blackburnianum (Arecaceae) 46 Sabal palmetto (Arecaceae) 46 Sabia burmanica (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia falcata (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia fasciculata (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia kachinica (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia lanceolata (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia leptandra (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia limoniacea (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia paniculata (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia parviflora (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia purpurea (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia ritchieae (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia tomentosa (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia wardii (Sabiaceae) 361 Sabia yunnanensis (Sabiaceae) 361 Saccharum arundinaceum (Poaceae) 111 Saccharum bengalense (Poaceae) 111 Saccharum longifolium (Poaceae) 479 Saccharum munja (see Saccharum bengalense; Poaceae) 111 Saccharum officinarum (Poaceae) 111 Saccharum sinense (Poaceae) 111 Saccharum spontaneum (Poaceae) 31, 111 Sacciolepis birmahica (Poaceae) 111 Sacciolepis indicus (Poaceae) 111 Sacciolepis interrupta (Poaceae) 111 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 573 Sacciolepis myosuroides (Poaceae) | 11 Sacciolepis myuros (Poaceae) 111 Saccolabiopsis pusilla (Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium acutifolium (see Gastrochilus acutifolium; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium acutifolium var. moulmeinense (see Gastrochilus acutifolium; Orchidaceae) Saccolabium ampullaceum (see Ascocentrum ampullaceum; Orchidaceae) 65 Saccolabium bellinum (see Gastrochilus bellinus; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium berkeleyi (see Rhynchostylis retusa; Orchidaceae) 87 Saccolabium collettianum (see Cleisocentron collettianum; Orchidaceae) 69 Saccolabium curvifolium (see Ascocentrum curvifolium; Orchidaceae) 65 Saccolabium distichum (see Gastrochilus distichus; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium flavum (see Sarcoglyphis flava; Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium flexuosum (see Staurochilus ramosus; Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium helferi (see Smitinandia helferi; Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium intermedium (see Gastrochilus intermedius; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium longicalcaratum (see Robiquetia pachyphylla; Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium obliquum (see Gastrochilus obliquus; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium parvulum (see Robiquetia succisa; Orchidaceae) 88 Saccolabium platycalcaratum (see Gastrochilus platycalcaratus; Orchidaceae) 79 Saccolabium pulcherrima (Orchidaceae) 479 Saccolabium wightianum (see Acampe praemorsa; Orchidaceae) 64 Saccopetalum sclerocarpum (see Miliusa sclerocarpa; Annonaceae) 143 Saccopetalum unguiculatum (see Miliusa unguiculata, Annonaceae) 143 Sadiria eugenifolia (Myrsinaceae) 310 Sageraea bracteolata (Annonaceae) 144 Sageraea elliptica (Annonaceae) 144 Sageraea listeri (Annonaceae) 144 Sageretia oppositifolia (Rhamnaceae) 335 Sageretia theezans (Rhamnaceae) 335 Sagittaria guayanensis (Alismataceae) 37 Sagittaria guayanensis subsp. lappula (see Sagittaria guayanensis; Alismataceae) Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae) 37 Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala (see Sagittaria sagittifolia; Alismataceae) Saintpaulia ionantha (Gesneriaceae) 264 Salacca secunda (Arecaceae) 46 Salacea wallichiana (Arecaceae) 24, 46 Salacca zalacca (Arecaceae) 46 Salacia chinensis (Celastraceae) 192 Salacia densiflora (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia flavescens (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia floribunda (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia grandiflora (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia multiflora (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia myrtifolia (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia polyantha (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia prinoides (see Salacia chinensis; Celastraceae) 192 Salacia roxburghii (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia smaliana (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia tortuosa (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia verrucosa (Celastraceae) 193 Salacia viminea (Celastraceae) 193 Salicornia brachiata (Chenopodiaceae) 193 Salix eriophylla (Salicaceae) 361 Salix oreinoma (Salicaceae) 361 Salix oxycarpa (Salicaceae) 361 Salix tetrasperma (Salicaceae) 361 Salix wallichiana (Salicaceae) 361 Salmalia anceps (see Bombax anceps; Bombacaceae) 175 Salmalia cambodiense (Bombacaceae) 473 Salmalia insignis (see Bombax insigne; Bombacaceae) 175 Salmalia malabarica (see Bombax ceiba; Bombacaceae) 175 Salomonia aphylla (Polygalaceae) 326 Salomonia cantoniensis (Polygalaceae) 326 Salomonia cylindrica (Polygalaceae) 326 Salomonia longiciliata (Polygalaceae) 326 Salvia campanulata (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia coccinea (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia codonantha (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia farinacea (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia leucantha (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia schizocalyx (Lamiaceae) 274 Salvia splendens (Lamiaceae) 274 Samadera indica (Simaroubaceae) 373 Samadera lucida (Simaroubaceae) 373 Samanea saman (Mimosaceae) 302 Sambucus hookeri (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Sambucus javanica (Caprifoliaceae) 188 Sandoricum koetjape (Meliaceae) 296 Sanicula elata (see Sanicula europaea; Apiaceae) 146 Sanicula europaea (Apiaceae) 146 Sansevieria burmanica (Dracaenaceae) 58 Sansevieria cylindrica (Dracaenaceae) 58 Sansevieria trifasciata (Dracaenaceae) 58 Sansevieria trifasciata var, laurenti (see Sansevieria trifasciata; Dracaenaceae) Sansevieria zeylanica (Dracaenaceae) 58 Santalum album (Santalaceae) 362 Sapindus attenuatus (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus danura (see Lepisanthes senegalensis, Sapindaceae) 363 Sapindus erectus (see Lepisanthes erecta; Sapindaceae) 363 Sapindus mukorossi (see Sapindus saponaria; Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus rarak (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus ruber (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus rubiginosus (see Lepisanthes rubiginosa; Sapindaceae) 363 Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus tomentosus (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus tnfoliatus (Sapindaceae) 364 Sapindus verticillatus (see Lepisanthes senegalensis; Sapindaceae) 363 Sapium baccatum (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapium discolor (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapium eugeniifolium (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Index to Scientific Names S74 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Sapium indicum (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapium insigne (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapium sebiferum (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapium virgatum (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sapria himalayana (Rafflesiaceae) 332 Saprosma consimile (Rubiaceae) 356 Saprosma ternatum (Rubiaceae) 356 Saraca bijuga (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca cauliflora (see Saraca declinata; Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca declinata (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca griffithiana (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca indica (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca lobbiana (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca thaipingensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Saraca triandra (see Saraca declinata; Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Sarcanthus appendiculatus (see Cleisostoma appendiculatum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus bicuspidatus (see Cleisostoma aspersum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus chrysomelas (see Cleisostoma racemiferum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus erinaceus (see Stereochilus erinaceus; Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcanthus filiformis (see Cleisostoma filiforme; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus insectifer (see Pelatantheria insectifera; Orchidaceae) 85 Sarcanthus lanatus (see Cleisomeria lanata; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus laxus (see Stereochilus laxus; Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcanthus lorifolius (see Cleisostoma racemiferum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus mirabilis (see Sarcoglyphis mirabilis; Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcanthus oxyphyllus (see Cleisostoma subulatum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus parishii (see Cleisostoma parishii; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus racemifer (see Cleisostoma racemiferum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus rolfeanus (see Cleisostoma rolfeanum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus subulatus (see Cleisostoma subulatum; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus teretifolius (see Cleisostoma simondii; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcanthus williamsoni (see Cleisostoma williamsonii; Orchidaceae) 69 Sarcochilus bicuspidatus (Orchidaceae) 479 Sarcochilus compressus (see Pteroceras compressum; Orchidaceae) 87 Sarcochilus hirtus (see Stereochilus hirtus; Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcochilus hystrix (see Thrixspermum trichoglottis; Orchidaceae) 89 Sarcochilus obtusus (see Micropera obtusa; Orchidaceae) 83 Sarcochilus purpureus (see Micropera rostrata; Orchidaceae) 83 Sarcochilus roxburghii (see Micropera pallida; Orchidaceae) 83 Sarcochilus sillemianus (see Papilionanthe sillemiana; Orchidaceae) 85 Sarcochlamys pulcherrima (Urticaceae) 387 Sarcococca pruniformis (Buxaceae) 179 Sarcococca saligna (Buxaceae) 179 Sarcococea vagans (Buxaceae) 179 Sarcoglyphis flava (Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcoglyphis mirabilis (Orchidaceae) 88 Sarcolobus carinatus (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Sarcolobus globosus (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Sarcopodium coelogyne (see Epigeneium amplum; Orchidaceae) 76 Sarcopyramis humilis (Melastomataceae) 293 Sarcopyramis nepalensis (Melastomataceae) 293 Sarcosperma arboreum (Sapotaceae) 365 Sarcosperma kachinense (Sapotaceae) 365 Sarcostemma acidum (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Sarcostemma brunonianum (see Sarcostemma viminale; Asclepiadaceae) 156 Sarcostemma viminale (Asclepiadaceae) 156 Sarcostemma viminale subsp. brunonianum (see Sarcostemma viminale; Asclepiadaceae) Sarcostigma wallichii (Icacinaceae) 269 Saritaea magnifica (Bignoniaceae) 174 Satyrium nepalense (Orchidaceae) 88 Saurauia armata (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia cerea (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia macrotricha (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia napaulensis (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia punduana (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia roxburghii (Actinidiaceae) 135 Saurauia subspinosa (Actinidiaceae) 135 Sauromatum venosum (see Typhonium venosum; Araceae) 43 Sauropus albicans (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus androgynus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus brevipes (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus compressus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus concinnus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus grandifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus macranthus (Euphorbiaceae) 234 Sauropus macrocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) 475 Sauropus macrophyllus (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Sauropus quadrangularis (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Sauropus trinervius (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Saussurea affinis (see Hemistrepta lyrata; Asteraceae) 164 Saussurea atrata (Asteraceae) 166 Saussurea deltoidea (Asteraceae) 166 Saussurea peguensis (Asteraceae) 166 Saxifraga anisophylla (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga brachypoda (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga brunonis (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga burmensis (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga calopetala (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga diversifolia (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga filifolia (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga flagellaris (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga heteroclada (Saxifragaceae) 366 Saxifraga hispidula (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga kermodei (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga kingdonii (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga likiangensis (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga llonakhensis (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga nigroglandulosa (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga rufescens (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga sarmentosa (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga smithiana (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga strigosa (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga subaequifoliata (Saxifragaceae) 367 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Saxifraga tsangchanensis (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga virgularis (Saxifragaceae) 367 Saxifraga wallichiana (Saxifragaceae) 367 Scabiosa maritima (Dipsacaceae) 207 Scaevola koenigii (Goodeniaceae) 264 Scaphium scaphigerum (Sterculiaceae) 377 Schefflera bengalensis (Araliaceae) 152 Schefflera elata (Araliaceae) 472 Schefflera heptaphylla (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera hypoleuca (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera impressa (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera khasiana (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera lawranceana (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera minutistellata (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera subintegra (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera tenuis (Araliaceae) 153 Schefflera venulosa (Araliaceae) 472 Schima argentea (Theaceae) 381 Schima diospyricarpa (Theaceae) 481 Schima khasiana (Theaceae) 381 Schima mollis (Theaceae) 381 Schima monticola (Theaceae) 381 Schima noronhae (see Schima wallichii; Theaceae) 382 Schima oblata (Theaceae) 382 Schima wallichii (Theaceae) 382 Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) 139 Schisandra axillaris (Schisandraceae) 480 Schisandra gracilis (Schisandraceae) 367 Schisandra grandiflora (Schisandraceae) 480 Schisandra micrantha (Schisandraceae) 367 Schisandra neglecta (Schisandraceae) 367 Schisandra propinqua (Schisandraceae) 367 Schisandra propinqua subsp. intermedia (see Schisandra propinqua; Schisandraceae) Schisandra rubriflora (Schisandraceae) 367 Schisandra sphenanthera (Schisandraceae) 480 Schisandra wardii (Schisandraceae) 480 Schismatoglottis aethiopica (see Zantedeschia aethiopica; Araceae) 43 Schismatoglottis kurzii (Araceae) 42 Schizachyrium brevifolium (see Andropogon brevifolius; Poaceae) 91 Schizachyrium exile (Poaceae) 111 Schizachyrium sanguineum (Poaceae) 111 Schizachyrium semiberbe (Poaceae) 112 Schizopepon bicirrhosa (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Schizopepon dioicus (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Schizophragma integrifolia (Hydrangeaceae) 266 Schizostachyum blumei (Poaceae) 112 Schizostachyum distans (Poaceae) 112 Schizostachyum longispiculatum (see Schizostachyum blumei; Poaceae) 112 Schizostachyum rogersii (Poaceae) | 12 Schizostachyum tavoyanum (see Neohouzeaua tavoyana; Poaceae) 107 Schleichera oleosa (Sapindaceae) 364 Schleichera trijuga (Sapindaceae) 25-26, 29, 364 Schmidelia serrata (see Allophylus serratus; Sapindaceae) 362 Schoenoplectus articulatus (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenoplectus erectus (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenoplectus grossus (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenoplectus juncoides (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenoplectus maritimus (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Cyperaceae) 56 Schoenorchis fragrans (Orchidaceae) 88 Schoenorchis gemmata (Orchidaceae) 88 Schoepfia acuminata (Olacaceae) 317 Schoepfia fragrans (Olacaceae) 317 Schrebera swietenioides (Oleaceae) 320 Schulzia crinita (Apiaceae) 146 Schumannianthus dichotomus (Marantaceae) 30, 62 Scindapsus officinalis (Araceae) 42 Scindapsus pictus (Araceae) 42 Scirpus articulatus (see Schoenoplectus articulatus; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus chinensis (see Scirpus ternatanus; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus erectus (see Schoenoplectus erectus; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus grossus (see Schoenoplectus grossus; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus juncoides (see Schoenoplectus juncoides; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus maritimus (see Schoenoplectus maritimus; Cyperaceae) 56 Scirpus michelianus (see Cyperus michelianus; Cyperaceae) 53 Scirpus setaceus (see Isolepis setacea; Cyperaceae) 55 Scirpus ternatanus (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria bancana (see Scleria ciliaris; Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria biflora (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria caricina (see Diplacrum caricinum; Cyperaceae) 54 Scleria ciliaris (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria elata (see Scleria terrestris; Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria hebecarpa (see Scleria levis; Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria javanica (Cyperaceae) 474 Scleria levis (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria lithosperma (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria melanostoma (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria multifoliata (see Scleria purpurascens; Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria pergracilis (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria purpurascens (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria terrestris (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria tessellata (Cyperaceae) 56 Scleria zeylanica (see Scleria levis; Cyperaceae) 56 Scleropyrum pentandrum (Santalaceae) 362 Scleropyrum ridleyi (Santalaceae) 362 Scleropyrum wallichianum (see Scleropyrum pentandrum; Santalaceae) 362 Sclerostachya fusca (see Miscanthus fuscus; Poaceae) 106 Scolopia burmanica (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia kermodei (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia lucida (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia rhinanthera (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia roxburghii (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia spinosa (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scolopia sumatrana (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Scoparia dulcis (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Scrophularia birmanica (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Scrophularia delavayi (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Scrophularia urticifolia (Scrophulariaceae) 371 Scrotochloa urceolata (Poaceae) 112 Scutellaria barbata (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria discolor (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria glandulosa (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria incurva (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria repens (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria semicircularis (Lamiaceae) 275 Scutellaria violacea (Lamiaceae) 275 Index to Scientific Names 575 576 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Scyphellandra pierrei (Violaceae) 392 Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea (Rubiaceae) 356 Scyphopetalum ramiflorum (Sapindaceae) 364 Sebastiania chamaelea (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Sechium edule (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Securidaca inappendiculata (Polygalaceae) 326 Securidaca tavoyana (see Securidaca inappendiculata; Polygalaceae) 326 Securinega obovata (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Securinega virosa (see Flueggea virosa; Euphorbiaceae) 229 Sedum elatinoides (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum kingdonii (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum oligospermum (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum oreades (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum quadrifidum (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum susanneae (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum trientaloides (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum victorianum (Crassulaceae) 203 Sedum yunnanense (Crassulaceae) 203 Sehima nervosa (Poaceae) 112 Sehima sulcatum (Poaceae) 112 Seidenfadenia mitrata (Orchidaceae) 88 Selenicereus grandiflorus (Cactaceae) 179 Selenicereus testudo (Cactaceae) 179 Selinum striatum (Apiaceae) 146 Selinum tenuifolium (see Selinum wallichianum; Apiaceae) 146 Selinum wallichianum (Apiaceae) 146 Semecarpus acuminata (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus albescens (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus anacardium (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus cassuvium (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus cuneifolius (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus heterophyllus (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus kurzii (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus pandurata (Anacardiaceae) 139 Semecarpus panduriformis (Anacardiaceae) 140 Semecarpus subpanduriformis (Anacardiaceae) 140 Semecarpus subracemosa (Anacardiaceae) 140 Semecarpus subspathulata (Anacardiaceae) 140 Sempervivum tectorum (Crassulaceae) 203 Senecio andersoni (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio araneosus (see Cissampelopsis volubilis; Asteraceae) 160 Senecio biligulatus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio bulleyanus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio calocephalus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio chrysanthemoides (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio clivorum (see Ligularia dentata; Asteraceae) 165 Senecio cymatocrepis (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio densiflorus (see Synotis cappa; Asteraceae) 167 Senecio diversifolius (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio kingianus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio kurzii (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio ligularia (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio nudicaulis (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio obtusatus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio oldhamianus (see Sinosenecio oldhamianus; Asteraceae) 166 Senecio peguanus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio pentanthus (see Synotis triligulata; Asteraceae) 167 Senecio rhabdos (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio royleanus (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio saxatilis (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio scandens (Asteraceae) 166 Senecio triligulatus (see Synotis triligulata; Asteraceae) 167 Senecio walkeri (see Cissampelopsis walkeri; Asteraceae) 160 Senecio zeylanicus (Asteraceae) 166 Senna hirsuta (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Senna obtusifolia (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Senna siamea (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Senna timoriensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Sesamum indicum (Pedaliaceae) 323 Sesbania aegyptiaca (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania bispinosa (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania cannabina (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania grandiflora (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania grandiflora var. coccinea (see Sesbania grandiflora; Fabaceae) Sesbania javanica (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania paludosa (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania procumbens (Fabaceae) 251 Sesbania sesban (Fabaceae) 251 Seseli indicum (Apiaceae) 146 Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae) 135 Setaria adscendens (Poaceae) 479 Setaria barbata (Poaceae) 112 Setaria corrugata (Poaceae) 112 Setaria forbesiana (Poaceae) 112 Setaria homonyma (Poaceae) 112 Setaria intermedia (Poaceae) 112 Setaria italica (Poaceae) 112 Setaria lutescens (see Setaria pumila; Poaceae) 112 Setaria megaphylla (Poaceae) 112 Setaria pallidefusca (see Setaria pumila; Poaceae) 112 Setaria palmifolia (Poaceae) 112 Setaria parviflora (Poaceae) 112 Setaria poiretiana (Poaceae) 112 Setaria pumila (Poaceae) 112 Setaria punctata (Poaceae) 112 Setaria sphacelata (Poaceae) 112 Setaria sulcata (see Setaria poiretiana; Poaceae) 112 Setaria verticillata (Poaceae) 112 Setaria viridis (Poaceae) 112 Shorea argentea (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea assamica (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea buchananii (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea cinerea (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea farinosa (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea gratissima (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea helferi (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea henryana (Dipterocarpaceae) 208 Shorea nervosa (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea obtusa (Dipterocarpaceae) 19, 26—27, 209 Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea rogersiana (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea roxburghil (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea sericeiflora (see Shorea henryana; Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea siamensis (Dipterocarpaceae) 19, 26-27, 209 Shorea stellata (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea symingtonii (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shorea thorelii (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Shuteria bracteosa (Fabaceae) 251 Shuteria hirsuta (Fabaceae) 251 Shuteria suffulta (Fabaceae) 251 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 577 Shuteria vestita (Fabaceae) 251 Sibbaldia perpusilloides (Rosaceae) 342 Sida acuta (Malvaceae) 291 Sida carpinifolia (Malvaceae) 291 Sida cordata (Malvaceae) 291 Sida cordifolia (Malvaceae) 291 Sida corylifolia (see Sida subcordata; Malvaceae) 291 Sida glutinosa (Malvaceae) 477 Sida mysorensis (Malvaceae) 291 Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae) 291 Sida rhombifolia var. rhomboidea (see Sida rhombifolia; Malvaceae) Sida spinosa (Malvaceae) 291 Sida subcordata (Malvaceae) 291 Sida veronicaefolia (see Sida cordata; Malvaceae) 291 Sideroxylon assamicum (Sapotaceae) 365 Sideroxylon burmanicum (Sapotaceae) 366 Sideroxylon ferrugineum (Sapotaceae) 366 Sideroxylon grandifolium (Sapotaceae) 366 Sideroxylon longepetiolatum (Sapotaceae) 366 Sideroxylon nervosum (Sapotaceae) 366 Siegesbeckia orientalis (Asteraceae) 166 Silene burmanica (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Sindora siamensis (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Sindora wallichii (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Sinobambusa elegans (see Yushania elegans; Poaceae) 115 Sinosenecio euosmus (Asteraceae) 166 Sinosenecio oldhamianus (Asteraceae) 166 Siphonodon celastrineus (Celastraceae) 193 Sisymbrium alliaria (Brassicaceae) 178 Skimmia arborescens (Rutaceae) 360 Skimmia fortunei (Rutaceae) 360 Skimmia laureola (Rutaceae) 360 Skimmia melanocarpa (Rutaceae) 360 Skimmia reevesiana (Rutaceae) 360 Slackia griffithii (see Beccarinda griffithii; Gesneriaceae) 262 Sladenia celastrifolia (Theaceae) 382 Sloanea chingiana (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Sloanea dasycarpa (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Sloanea forrestii (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Sloanea parkinsonii (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Sloanea sigun (Elaeocarpaceae) 212 Sloanea sinensis (Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Sloanea sterculiacea (Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Sloanea sterculiacea var. assamica (see Sloanea sterculiacea; Elaeocarpaceae) Sloanea tomentosa (Elaeocarpaceae) 213 Smilacina fusca (see Maianthemum fuscum; Convallariaceae) 49 Smilacina mientienensis (Convallariaceae) 50 Smilacina oleracea (see Maianthemum oleraceum; Convallariaceae) 50 Smilacina racemosa (Convallariaceae) 50 Smilax aspera (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax aspericaulis (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax biumbellata (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax china (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax corbularia (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax elegans (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax elegans subsp. osmastonii (see Smilax elegans; Smilacaceae) Smilax ferox (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax glabra (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax griffithii (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax helferi (see Smilax luzonensis; Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax hemsleyana (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax lanceifolia (Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax lebrunii (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax leucophylla (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax longebracteolata (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax luzonensis (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax macrophylla (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax megacarpa (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax megalantha (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax menispermoidea (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax micropoda (see Smilax lanceifolia; Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax minutiflora (Smilacaceae) 480 Smilax multiflora (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax munita (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax myosotiflora (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax myrtillus (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax myrtillus var. rigida (see Smilax myrtillus; Smilacaceae) Smilax ocreata (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax ovalifolia (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax parviflora (see Smilax elegans; Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax peguana (see Smilax corbularia; Smilacaceae) 116 Smilax perfoliata (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax pottingeri (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax prolifera (see Smilax perfoliata; Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax quadrata (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax rigida subsp. myrtillus (see Smilax myrtillus; Smilacaceae) Smilax roxburghiana (Smilacaceae) 117 Smilax zeylanica (Smilacaceae) 117 Smithatris myanmarensis (Zingiberaceae) 123 Smithia sensitiva (Fabaceae) 251 Smitinandia helferi (Orchidaceae) 88 Smitinandia micrantha (Orchidaceae) 88 Smythea calpicarpa (Rhamnaceae) 335 Solanum aculeatissimum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum barbisetum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum betaceum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum biflorum (see Lycianthes biflora; Solanaceae) 374 Solanum capsicastrum (see Solanum pseudocapsicum, Solanaceae) 374 Solanum coringerum (Solanaceae) 480 Solanum crassipetalum (Solanaceae) 481 Solanum crinitum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum dulcamara (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum erianthum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum ferox (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum indicum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum khasianum (see Solanum aculeatissimum; Solanaceae) 374 Solanum macranthum (Solanaceae) 481 Solanum mammosum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum melongena (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum nigrum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum pseudocapsicum (Solanaceae) 374 Solanum seaforthianum (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum spirale (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum subtruncatum (Solanaceae) 481 Solanum torvum (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum trilobatum (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae) 375 Index to Scientific Names 578 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Solanum verbascifolium (Solanaceae) 481 Solanum viarum (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum virginianum (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum wattii (Solanaceae) 481 Solanum wrightii (Solanaceae) 375 Solanum xanthocarpum (see Solanum virginianum; Solanaceae) 375 Solena amplexicaulis (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Solidago ulmifolia (Asteraceae) 166 Sonchus arvensis (Asteraceae) 166 Sonchus hotha (Asteraceae) 166 Sonerila brandisiana (Melastomataceae) 293 Sonerila collina (Melastomataceae) 293 Sonerila erecta (Melastomataceae) 293 Sonerila helferi (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila khasiana (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila linearis (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila maculata (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila margaritacea (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila neglecta (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila nudiscapa (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila picta (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila secunda (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila stricta (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila tenera (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonerila violaefolia (Melastomataceae) 294 Sonneratia alba (Lythraceae) 30, 476 Sonneratia apetala (Lythraceae) 29, 476 Sonneratia caseolaris (Lythraceae) 476 Sonneratia griffithii (Lythraceae) 29-30, 287 Sophora acuminata (Fabaceae) 251 Sophora benthamii (Fabaceae) 251 Sophora dunii (Fabaceae) 251 Sophora exigua (Fabaceae) 251 Sophora praseri (Fabaceae) 251 Sophora tomentosa (Fabaceae) 251 Sopubia stricta (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Sopubia trifida (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Sorbus apicidens (Rosaceae) 342 Sorbus aronioides (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus coronata (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus corymbifera (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus detergibilis (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus epidendron (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus filipes (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus foliolosa (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus foliolosa var. ambigua (see Sorbus foliolosa; Rosaceae) Sorbus granulosa (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus griffithii (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus harrowiana (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus macrantha (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus paucijuga (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus paucinervia (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus poteriifolia (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus pteridophylla (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus pteridophylla var. tephroclada (see Sorbus pteridophylla; Rosaceae) Sorbus reducta (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus rehderiana (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus rufopilosa (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus rufopilosa var. stenophylla (see Sorbus rufopilosa; Rosaceae) Sorbus thibetica (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus ursina (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus verticillata (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus vilmorini (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus wardii (Rosaceae) 343 Sorbus wattii (Rosaceae) 343 Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae) 112 Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum bicolor var. obovatum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum bicolor var. picigutta (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum bicolor var. subglobosum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum burmahicum (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum cernuum var. yemense (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum conspicuum (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum dochna var. atrum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum dochna var. burmanicum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum dochna var. melliferum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum dochna var. pulchrum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum dochna var. wrightii (see Bothriochloa wrightii; Poaceae) Sorghum halepense (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum mekongense (see Hemisorghum mekongense; Poaceae) 103 Sorghum nervosum (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum nigricans (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) | 12 Sorghum nigricans var. angolense (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum nitidum (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum nitidum var. fulvum (see Sorghum nitidum; Poaceae) Sorghum roxburghii (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) 112 Sorghum roxburghii var. fulvum (see Sorghum nitidum; Poaceae) Sorghum roxburghii var. hians (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum roxburghii var. parvum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum roxburghii var. semiclausum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) Sorghum splendidum (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) 112 Sorghum subglabrescens (see Sorghum bicolor; Poaceae) 112 Sorghum sudanense (Poaceae) 113 Sorghum vulgare (Poaceae) 480 Sorghum zollingeri (Poaceae) 113 Souliea vaginata (Ranunculaceae) 334 Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) 296 Sparganium erectum (Typhaceae) 118 Sparganium erectum subsp. stoloniferum (see Sparganium erectum; Typhaceae) Sparganium fallax (Typhaceae) 118 Sparganium racemosum (Typhaceae) 118 Sparganium simplex (Typhaceae) 118 Sparganium subglobosum (Typhaceae) 118 Spathichlamys oblonga (Rubiaceae) 356 Spathiphyllum candicans (Araceae) 42 Spathiphyllum commutatum (Araceae) 42 Spathiphyllum phryniifolium (Araceae) 43 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 579 Spathodea campanulata (Bignoniaceae) 174 Spathoglottis affinis (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis bensonii (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis handingiana (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis lobbii (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis plicata (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis pubescens (Orchidaceae) 88 Spathoglottis pubescens var. berkelei (see Spathoglottis pubescens; Orchidaceae) Spatholobus acuminatus (Fabaceae) 251 Spatholobus listeri (Fabaceae) 251 Spatholobus merguensis (Fabaceae) 252 Spatholobus pottingeri (Fabaceae) 252 Spatholobus riparius (Fabaceae) 252 Spatholobus roseus (Fabaceae) 252 Spatholobus roxburghii (Fabaceae) 252 Spatholobus squamiger (Fabaceae) 252 Spermacoce avana (Rubiaceae) 356 Spermacoce longicaulis (Rubiaceae) 356 Spermacoce stricta (Rubiaceae) 356 Sphaeranthus africanus (Asteraceae) 167 Sphaeranthus hirtus (see Sphaeranthus indicus; Asteraceae) 167 Sphaeranthus indicus (Asteraceae) 167 Sphaeranthus peguensis (Asteraceae) 167 Sphaeranthus senegalensis (Asteraceae) 167 Sphaerocaryum malaccense (Poaceae) 113 Sphaerocoryne blandfordiana (Annonaceae) 144 Sphagneticola calendulacea (Asteraceae) 167 Sphenoclea zeylanica (Sphenocleaceae) 375 Sphenodesme barbata (Verbenaceae) 390 Sphenodesme eryciboides (Verbenaceae) 390 Sphenodesme griffthiana (Verbenaceae) 390 Sphenodesme involucratum (Verbenaceae) 391 Sphenodesme microstylis (Verbenaceae) 391 Sphenodesme mollis (Verbenaceae) 391 Sphenodesme pentandra (Verbenaceae) 391 Sphenodesme unguiculata (Verbenaceae) 391 Sphinctacanthus parkinsonii (Acanthaceae) 131 Spilanthes acmella (see Acmella calva; Asteraceae) 157 Spilanthes acmella var. calva (see Acmella calva; Asteraceae) Spilanthes acmella var. paniculata (see Acmella paniculata; Asteraceae) Spinifex littoreus (Poaceae) 113 Spiradiclis caespitosa (Rubiaceae) 356 Spiradiclis cylindrica (Rubiaceae) 356 Spiraea arcuata (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea bella (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea canescens (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea cantoniense (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea hemicryptophyta (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea japonica (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea purpurea (Rosaceae) 343 Spiraea wardii (Rosaceae) 343 Spiranthes lancea (see Herminium lanceum; Orchidaceae) 81 Spiranthes sinensis (Orchidaceae) 88 Spirodela polyrhiza (Lemnaceae) 61 Spodiopogon lacei (Poaceae) 113 Spondias axillaris (Anacardiaceae) 140 Spondias dulcis (Anacardiaceae) 140 Spondias haplophylla (Anacardiaceae) 140 Spondias laxiflora (Anacardiaceae) 140 Spondias malayana (Anacardiaceae) 140 Spondias mangifera (Anacardiaceae) 26, 140 Spondias pinnata (Anacardiaceae) 140 Sporobolus capillaris (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus collettii (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus coromandelianus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus diander (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus elongatus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus fertilis (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus glaucifolius (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus harmandii (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus helvolus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus humilis (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus humilis subsp. minor (see Sporobolus humilis; Poaceae) Sporobolus indicus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus pyramidalis (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus sindicus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus tenacissimus (see Sporobolus indicus; Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus tenuissimus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus tetragonus (Poaceae) 113 Sporobolus tremulus (Poaceae) 480 Sporobolus wallichii (Poaceae) 113 Sporoxeia sciadophilla (Melastomataceae) 294 Stachyphrynium cadellianum (Marantaceae) 62 Stachyphrynium spicatum (Marantaceae) 62 Stachys cordifolia (Lamiaceae) 275 Stachys tuberifera (Lamiaceae) 275 Stachytarpheta indica (Verbenaceae) 391 Stachyurus coaetaneus (Stachyuraceae) 375 Stachyurus cordatula (Stachyuraceae) 375 Stachyurus himalaicus (Stachyuraceae) 375 Stadiochilus burmanicus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Stahlianthus involucratus (Zingiberaceae) 123 Statice bonduelli (Plumbaginaceae) 325 Stauntonia racemosa (Lardizabalaceae) 275 Stauranthera grandiflora (Gesneriaceae) 264 Staurochilus ramosus (Orchidaceae) 88 Staurogyne grandiflora (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne humilis (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne lasiobotrys (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne longibracteata (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne macrophylla (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne parviflora (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne polybotrya (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne polybotrya var. humilis (see Staurogyne polybotrya; Acanthaceae) Staurogyne polybotrya var. thorelli (see Staurogyne polybotrya; Acanthaceae) Staurogyne shanica (Acanthaceae) 131 Staurogyne thyrsoides (Acanthaceae) 131 Stauropsis marriottiana (see Hygrochilus parishil; Orchidaceae) 81 Stauropsis parishii (see Hygrochilus parishii; Orchidaceae) 81 Stauropsis polyantha (Orchidaceae) 88 Stauropsis shanica (see Vandopsis shanica; Orchidaceae) 90 Stellaria crispata (Caryophyllaceae) 190 Stemodia balsamea (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Stemodia capitata (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Stemodia diffusa (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Stemodia gratioloides (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Stemodia macrostachya (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Stemodia tenuiflora (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Index to Scientific Names 580 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Stemona burkillii (Stemonaceae) 117 Stemona griffithiana (Stemonaceae) 117 Stemona kurzii (Stemonaceae) 117 Stemona tuberosa (Stemonaceae) 117 Stemonurus umbellata (Icacinaceae) 269 Stenoseris graciliflora (Asteraceae) 167 Stenotaphrum helferi (Poaceae) 113 Stephania brachyandra (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania delavayi (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania discolor (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania elegans (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania gracilenta (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania japonica (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania reticulata (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania rotunda (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephania venosa (Menispermaceae) 298 Stephanotis floribunda (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Stephegyne birmanica (Rubiaceae) 356 Sterculia angustifolia (Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia balanghas (Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia balanghas var. glabrescens (see Sterculia balanghas; Sterculiaceae) Sterculia coccinea (Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia cognata (Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia colorata (see Firmiana colorata; Sterculiaceae) 376 Sterculia foetida (Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia guttata (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia harmandii (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia hypochra (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia laevis (see Sterculia coccinea; Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia lanceifolia (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia lanceolata (see Sterculia coccinea; Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia linguifolia (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia longifolia (Sterculiaceae) 481 Sterculia macrophylla (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia ornata (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia parviflora (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia principis (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia roxburghii (see Sterculia lanceifolia; Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia rubiginosa (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia scaphigera (see Scaphium scaphigerum; Sterculiaceae) 377 Sterculia striatiflora (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia urens (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia versicolor (Sterculiaceae) 378 Sterculia villosa (Sterculiaceae) 378 Stereochilus erinaceus (Orchidaceae) 88 Stereochilus hirtus (Orchidaceae) 88 Stereochilus laxus (Orchidaceae) 88 Stereospermum bipinnatum (Bignoniaceae) 473 Stereospermum colais (Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum crenulatum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum fimbriatum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum glandulosum (see Radermachera glandulosa; Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum grandiflorum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum hypostictum (Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum neuranthum (Bignoniaceae) 175 Stereospermum personatum (see Stereospermum colais; Bignoniaceae) 174 Stereospermum serrulatum (Bignoniaceae) 175 Stereospermum suaveolens (Bignoniaceae) 175 Stereospermum wallichii (Bignoniaceae) 175 Steudnera assamica (Araceae) 43 Steudnera capitellata (Araceae) 43 Steudnera colocasiifolia (Araceae) 43 Steudnera griffithii (Araceae) 43 Stictocardia tiliifolia (Convolvulaceae) 201 Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Malpighiaceae) 288 Stigmaphyllon reticulatum (Malpighiaceae) 289 Stilbanthus scandens (Amaranthaceae) 137 Stixis nayarii (Capparaceae) 188 Stranvaesia glaucescens (Rosaceae) 344 Streblus asper (Moraceae) 307 Streblus microphylla (Moraceae) 307 Streblus mitis (Moraceae) 307 Streblus taxoides (Moraceae) 307 Strelitzia nicolai (Strelitziaceae) 117 Strelitzia reginae (Strelitziaceae) 117 Streptocarpus burmanicus (Gesneriaceae) 264 Streptocaulon griffithii (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Streptocaulon tomentosum (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Streptolirion volubile (Commelinaceae) 49 Streptopus amplexifolius (Convallariaceae) 50 Streptopus simplex (Convallariaceae) 50 Streptosolen jamesonii (Solanaceae) 375 Striga lutea (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Striga masruia (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Striga trifida (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Strobilanthes acrocephala (Acanthaceae) 131 Strobilanthes acuminatus (Acanthaceae) 131 Strobilanthes aenobarba (Acanthaceae) 131 Strobilanthes angustifrons (Acanthaceae) 131 Strobilanthes apricus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes arenicola (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes auriculatus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes auriculatus var. edgeworthiana (see Strobilanthes auriculatus; Acanthaceae) Strobilanthes auriculatus var. plumulosa (see Strobilanthes auriculatus; Acanthaceae) Strobilanthes birmanica (Acanthaceae) 132, 483 Strobilanthes brandisii (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes calvata (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes candida (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes capitatus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes colorata (see Strobilanthes hamiltoniana; Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes congesta (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes connatus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes crataegifolius (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes cystolithigera (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes dalzielii (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes dasyspermus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes debilis (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes dyerianus (see Strobilanthes maclellandi; Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes extensa (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes falconeri (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes farinosus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes fimbriata (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes flaccidifolius (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes foetidissima (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes frondosa (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes fruticosa (Acanthaceae) 132, 483 Strobilanthes glandulosus (Acanthaceae) 132 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 581 Strobilanthes glomeratus (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes gregalis (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes hamiltoniana (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes haplanthoides (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes helferi (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes hossei (Acanthaceae) 132 Strobilanthes imbricatus (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes imlayae (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes inflata (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes kunthianus (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes lamifolius (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes lamioides (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes lanceifolius (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes leucostachyus (Acanthaceae) 471 Strobilanthes longipes (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes maclellandi (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes maclellandi var. atipes (see Strobilanthes maclellandi; Acanthaceae) Strobilanthes microcarpa (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes mogokensis (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes nagaensis (Acanthaceae) 133, 483 Strobilanthes neesii (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes obtusibracteata (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes oresbia (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes panichanga (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes paniculata (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes parishii (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes paucinervis (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes pectinatus (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes pentstemonoides (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes perfoliatus (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes phyllostachyus (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes rex (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes rosea (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes rufescens (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes scaber (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes serrata (Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes setosa (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes shanensis (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes simonsii (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes spathulatus (see Strobilanthes longipes; Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes stamincus (Acanthaceae) 471 Strobilanthes stramineus (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes subcapitatus (see Strobilanthes paniculata; Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes unilateralis (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes wallichi (Acanthaceae) 134 Strobilanthes wardii (see Strobilanthes inflata; Acanthaceae) 133 Strobilanthes wardii var. atipes (see Strobilanthes inflata; Acanthaceae) Strobilanthes yunnanensis (Acanthaceae) 134 Strombosia javanica (Olacaceae) 317 Strophanthus caudatus (Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus dichotomus (see Strophanthus caudatus; Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus divaricatus (Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus gratus (Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus jackianus (see Wrightia dubia; Apocynaceae) 150 Strophanthus perakensis (Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus scandens (see Strophanthus caudatus; Apocynaceae) 149 Strophanthus singaporianus (Apocynaceae) 472 Strophanthus wallichii (Apocynaceae) 149 Strychnos acuminata (Loganiaceae) 283 Strychnos axillaris (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos hypogyna (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos laurina (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos nux-blanda (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae) 26, 284 Strychnos potatorum (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos rufa (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos thorelii (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos wallichiana (Loganiaceae) 284 Strychnos wallichiana var. ovata (see Strychnos wallichiana; Loganiaceae) Stylidium kunthii (Stylidiaceae) 378 Stylidium tenellum (Stylidiaceae) 378 Styphelia malayana (Epacridaceae) 213 Styrax benzoides (Styracaceae) 378 Styrax benzoin (Styracaceae) 378 Styrax biaristatus (Styracaceae) 378 Styrax buchananii (Styracaceae) 378 Styrax grandiflorum (Styracaceae) 378 Styrax hookeri (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax lacei (see Parastyrax lacei; Styracaceae) 378 Styrax perkinsiae (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax polysperma (see Bruinsmia polysperma; Styracaceae) 378 Styrax ridleyi (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax rugosum (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax serrulatum (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax shweliensis (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax suberifolius (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax suberifolius var. coloneurus (see Styrax suberifolius; Styracaceae) Styrax veitchiorum (Styracaceae) 379 Styrax virgatum (Styracaceae) 379 Suaeda maritima (Chenopodiaceae) 193 Sumbavia macrophylla (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Sunipia scariosa (Orchidaceae) 88 Susum malayanum (see Hanguana malayana; Hanguanaceae) 59 Swertia angustifolia (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia angustifolia var. pulchella (see Swertia angustifolia; Gentianaceae) Swertia bimaculata (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia burmanica (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae) 475 Swertia cordata (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia exacoides (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia griffithii (see Swertia paniculata; Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia kachinensis (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia lacei (see Swertia angustifolia; Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia macrosperma (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia paniculata (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia paupera (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia pulchella (see Swertia angustifolia; Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia pulchella var. elegans (see Swertia angustifolia; Gentianaceae) Swertia striata (Gentianaceae) 260 Swertia stricta (Gentianaceae) 260 Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) 296 Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae) 296 Swintonia floribunda (Anacardiaceae) 140 Index to Scientific Names 582 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Swintonia helferi (Anacardiaceae) 140 Swintonia schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) 140 Syagrus romanzoffiana (Arecaceae) 46 Symphorema grossum (Verbenaceae) 391 Symphorema involucratum (Verbenaceae) 391 Symplocos araioura (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos attenuata (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos buchananii (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos caudata (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos cochinchinensis (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos confusa (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos crataegoides (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos delavayi (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos dryophila (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos ferruginea (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos glomerata (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos khasiana (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos leiostachya (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos leucantha (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos lucida (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos microphylla (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos oxyphylla (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos pealii (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos pedicellata (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos phyllocalyx (Symplocaceae) 379 Symplocos pochinii (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos polycarpa (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos racemosa (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos ramosissima (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos ridleyana (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos rigida (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos serrulatum (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos sorbida (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos sordida (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos spectabilis (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos spicata (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos subintegra (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos sukoei (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos sulcata (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos sumuntia (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos theaefolia (Symplocaceae) 380 Symplocos viridissima (Symplocaceae) 380 Syncalathium souliei (Asteraceae) 167 Synedrella nodiflora (Asteraceae) 167 Syngonium podophyllum (Araceae) 43 Synotis alata (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis birmanica (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis cappa (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis nagensium (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis pseudoalata (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis triligulata (Asteraceae) 167 Synotis yui (Asteraceae) 167 Syringodium isoetifolium (Cymodoceaceae) 50 Syzygium abortivum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium aciculinum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium albiflorum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium angkae (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium attenuatum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium balsameum (see Eugenia balsamea; Myrtaceae) 312 Syzygium bracteatum (see Eugenia bracteata; Myrtaceae) 312 Syzygium cerasoides (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium cinereum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium claviflorum (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium currani (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium cuttingii (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium cymosum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium diospyrifolium (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium fastigiatum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium formosum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium fruticosum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium glaucum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium grande (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium gratum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium griffithii (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium helferi (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium inophyllum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium jambos (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium kurzii (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium laetum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium leptanthum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium lineatum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium malaccense (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium megacarpum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium myrtifolia (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium oblatum (Myrtaceae) 314 Syzygium pachyphyllum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium palembanicum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium polyanthum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium polypetalum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium praecox (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium pseudolaetum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium pycnanthum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium rhamphiphyllum (see Syzygium attenuatum; Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium ripicola (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium samarangense (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium siamense (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium spissum (see Syzygium angkae; Myrtaceae) 313 Syzygium stenurum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium subrufum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium syzygioides (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium tetragonum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium thumra (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium toddalioides (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium winitii (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium zeylanicum (Myrtaceae) 315 Syzygium zimmermannii (Myrtaceae) 315 Tabebuia heterophylla (Bignoniaceae) 175 Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) 175 Tabernaemontana bovina (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana crispa (see Tabernaemontana rostrata; Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana graciliflora (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana membranifolia (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana ophiorrhizoides (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana pauciflora (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana peduncularis (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana rostrata (Apocynaceae) 149 Tabernaemontana subcapitata (Apocynaceae) 149 Tacca chantrieri (Taccaceae) 118 Tacca integrifolia (Taccaceae) 118 Tacca laevis (see Tacca integrifolia; Taccaceae) 118 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 583 Tacca leontopetaloides (Taccaceae) 118 Tadehagi rodgeri (Fabaceae) 252 Tadehagi triquetrum (Fabaceae) 252 Taeniochlaena birmanica (Connaraceae) 197 Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) 167 Tagetes patula (Asteraceae) 167 Tainia angustifolia (see Ania angustifolia; Orchidaceae) 64 Tainia latifolia (Orchidaceae) 88 Tainia promensis (see Eulophia promensis; Orchidaceae) 78 Tainia viridifusca (see Ania viridifusca; Orchidaceae) 64 Tainiopsis barbata (see Eriodes barbata; Orchidaceae) 78 Tainiopsis wrayana (Orchidaceae) 479 Taiwania cryptomerioides (Taxodiaceae) 36 Talauma candollei (see Magnolia liliifera; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talauma hodgsoni (see Magnolia liliifera; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talauma liliifera (Magnoliaceae) 477 Talauma mutabilis (see Magnolia liliifera; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talauma phellocarpa (see Michelia baillonii; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talauma rabaniana (see Magnolia liliifera; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talauma spongocarpa (see Michelia baillonii; Magnoliaceae) 287 Talinum cuneifolium (Portulacaceae) 329 Talinum paniculatum (Portulacaceae) 329 Talipariti macrophyllum (Malvaceae) 291 Talipariti tiliaceum (Malvaceae) 30, 291 Tamarindus indica (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Tamarix dioica (Tamaricaceae) 380 Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae) 380 Tamarix gallica var. indica (see Tamarix gallica; Tamaricaceae) Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae) 167 Tapirira hirsuta (Anacardiaceae) 140 Taraxacum mitalii (Asteraceae) 167 Tarenna campaniflora (Rubiaceae) 356 Tarennoidea wallichii (Rubiaceae) 356 Tarrietia javanica (see Heritiera javanica; Sterculiaceae) 376 Taxillus delavayi (Loranthaceae) 285 Taxillus vestitus (Loranthaceae) 285 Taxodium distchum (Taxodiaceae) 36 Taxodium mucronatum (Taxodiaceae) 36 Taxotrophis caudata (Moraceae) 307 Taxotrophis ilicifolia (Moraceae) 307 Taxotrophis triapiculata (Moraceae) 307 Taxotrophis zeylanica (Moraceae) 307 Taxus baccata (Taxaceae) 35 Taxus wallichiana (Taxaceae) 35 Tecoma grandiflora (see Campsis grandiflora; Bignoniaceae) 173 Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) 175 Tecoma undulata (Bignoniaceae) 175 Tectona grandis (Verbenaceae) 19, 26, 391 Tectona hamiltoniana (Verbenaceae) 27-29, 391 Teinostachyum griffithii (Poaceae) 113 Telosma minor (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Telosma pallida (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tephrosia candida (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia coccinea (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia hirta (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia pauciflora (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia purpurea (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia senticosa (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia tinctoria (Fabaceae) 252 Tephrosia villosa (Fabaceae) 252 Teramnus flexilis (Fabaceae) 252 Teramnus labialis (Fabaceae) 252 Teramnus wallichii (Fabaceae) 252 Terminalia alata (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia alata var. tomentosa (see Terminalia alata; Combretaceae) Terminalia alata var. typica (see Terminalia alata; Combretaceae) Terminalia argyrophylla (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia bellerica (Combretaceae) 26, 195 Terminalia bialata (Combretaceae) 27, 195 Terminalia burmanica (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) 26, 195 Terminalia chebula var. tomentella (see Terminalia chebula; Combretaceae) Terminalia citrina (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia coriacea (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia coriacea var. peguensis (see Terminalia coriacea; Combretaceae) Terminalia crenulata (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia foetidissima (Combretaceae) 195 Terminalia myanmarensis (Combretaceae) 195, 483 Terminalia myriocarpa (Combretaceae) 196 Terminalia nigrovenulosum (Combretaceae) 196 Terminalia obliqua (Combretaceae) 196 Terminalia oliveri (Combretaceae) 27-28, 196 Terminalia pyrifolia (Combretaceae) 26, 196 Terminalia tomentosa (Combretaceae) 26-27, 196 Terminalia tripteroides (Combretaceae) 196 Terminalia venosa (Combretaceae) 196 Ternstroemia bancana (Theaceae) 382 Ternstroemia japonica (Theaceae) 382 Ternstroemia penangiana (Theaceae) 382 Tetracentron sinense (Tetracentraceae) 380 Tetracera assa (see Tetracera indica; Dilleniaceae) 207 Tetracera indica (Dilleniaceae) 207 Tetracera jackii (Dilleniaceae) 474 Tetracera sarmentosa (Dilleniaceae) 207 Tetradium daniellii (Rutaceae) 360 Tetradium fraxinifolium (Rutaceae) 360 Tetradium glabrifolium (Rutaceae) 360 Tetragonia expansa (Aizoaceae) 135 Tetragonia tetragonoides (Aizoaceae) 135 Tetrameles nudiflora (Datiscaceae) 206 Tetrastigma alpinianum (Vitaceae) 393 Tetrastigma angustifolia (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma burmanicum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma campylocarpum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma dubium (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma obovatum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma obtectum (see Tetrastigma burmanicum; Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma rumicispermum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma serrulatum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma tavoyanum (Vitaceae) 394 Tetrastigma yunnanense (Vitaceae) 394 Index to Scientific Names 584 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Tetrastigma yunnanense var. triphyllum (see Tetrastigma yunnanense; Vitaceae) Teucrium annandalei (Lamiaceae) 275 Teucrium burmanicum (Lamiaceae) 275 Teucrium quadrifarium (Lamiaceae) 275 Teucrium shanicum (Lamiaceae) 275 Teucrium stoloniferum (Lamiaceae) 275 Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Thalictrum alpinum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Thalictrum cultratum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Thalictrum delavayi (Ranunculaceae) 334 Thalictrum foliolosum (Ranunculaceae) 334 Thalictrum semiscandens (Ranunculaceae) 334 Thecostele alata (Orchidaceae) 88 Thelasis carinata (Orchidaceae) 88 Thelasis pygmaea (Orchidaceae) 88 Thelasis triptera (see Thelasis pygmaea; Orchidaceae) 88 Thelepogon elegans (Poaceae) 113 Themeda arguens (Poaceae) 113 Themeda arundinacea (Poaceae) 114 Themeda australis (Poaceae) 114 Themeda caudata (Poaceae) 114 Themeda gigantea (Poaceae) 114 Themeda laxa (Poaceae) 114 Themeda quadrivalvis (Poaceae) 114 Themeda quadrivalvis var. helferi (see Themeda quadrivalvis; Poaceae) Themeda triandra (Poaceae) 114 Themeda villosa (Poaceae) 114 Themeda x intermedia (Poaceae) 114 Themeda x subsericans (Poaceae) 114 Theobroma cacao (Sterculiaceae) 378 Theropogon pallidus (Convallariaceae) 50 Thesmia brunonsis (Burmanniaceae) 474 Thespesia lampas (Malvaceae) 291 Thespesia populnea (Malvaceae) 291 Thespis divaricata (Asteraceae) 167 Thevetia peruviana (Apocynaceae) 149 Thismia brunoniana (Burmanniaceae) 47 Thladiantha calcarata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Thladiantha cordifolia (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Thladiantha dubia (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Thladiantha hookeri (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Thladiantha lijiangensis (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Thottea tomentosa (Aristolochiaceae) 153 Thrixspermum arachnites (see Thrixspermum centipeda; Orchidaceae) 89 Thrixspermum calceolus (Orchidaceae) 89 Thrixspermum centipeda (Orchidaceae) 89 Thrixspermum merguense (Orchidaceae) 89 Thrixspermum scortechinii (Orchidaceae) 89 Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Orchidaceae) 89 Thryallis glauca (Malpighiaceae) 289 Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) 34 Thuja orientalis (Cupressaceae) 34 Thunbergia adenophora (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia affinis (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia alata (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia coccinea (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia erecta (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia fragrans (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia grandiflora (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia hossei (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia lacei (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia laurifolia (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia lutea (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia maculata (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia papilionacea (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunbergia smilacifolia (Acanthaceae) 134 Thunia alba (Orchidaceae) 89 Thunia alba var. brymeriana (see Thunia alba; Orchidaceae) Thunia alba var. pulchra (see Thunia alba; Orchidaceae) Thunia alba var. purpurata (see Thunia alba; Orchidaceae) Thunia alba var. triloba (see Thunia alba; Orchidaceae) Thunia bensoniae (Orchidaceae) 89 Thunia brymeriana (Orchidaceae) 89 Thunia candidissima (Orchidaceae) 89 Thunia marshalliana (Orchidaceae) 89 Thunia mastersiana (Orchidaceae) 89 Thymus serpyllum (Lamiaceae) 275 Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) 275 Thyrsia zea (see Phacelurus zea; Poaceae) 109 Thyrsostachys oliveri (Poaceae) 26, 114 Thyrsostachys siamensis (Poaceae) 114 Thysanolaena maxima (Poaceae) 114 Tiarella polyphylla (Saxifragaceae) 367 Tiliacora racemosa (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinomiscium petiolare (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora cordifolia (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora crispa (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora malabarica (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora nudiflora (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora palminervis (Menispermaceae) 298 Tinospora tomentosa (Menispermaceae) 298 Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) 167 Tithonia rotundifolia (Asteraceae) 167 Tithonia tagetifolia (see Tithonia rotundifolia; Asteraceae) 167 Toddalia aculeata (Rutaceae) 360 Toddalia asiatica (Rutaceae) 360 Toona ciliata (Meliaceae) 296 Torenia arracanensis (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia asiatica (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia flava (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia fournieri (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia mucronulata (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia parviflora (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Torenia peduncularis (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Touchiroa mansonii (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Tournefortia hookeri (Boraginaceae) 177 Tournefortia indicum var. subsessilis (Boraginaceae) 473 Toumefortia khasianum (Boraginaceae) 177 Tourefortia ovata (Boraginaceae) 177 Tournefortia roxburghii (Boraginaceae) 177 Tournefortia sinicum (Boraginaceae) 473 Tournefortia ternata (Boraginaceae) 177 Tournefortia viridiflora (Boraginaceae) 177 Toxocarpus griffithii (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Toxocarpus himalensis (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Toxocarpus villosus (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Trachelospermum anceps (see Kibatalia macrophylla; Apocynaceae) 148 Trachelospermum asiaticum (Apocynaceae) 150 Trachelospermum axillare (Apocynaceae) 150 Trachelospermum fragrans (Apocynaceae) 150 Trachelospermum gracilipes (see Trachelospermum asiaticum; Apocynaceae) 150 Trachelospermum jasminoides (Apocynaceae) 150 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 585 Trachelospermum siamense (see Trachelospermum asiaticum; Apocynaceae) 150 Trachoma coarctatum (Orchidaceae) 89 Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae) 47 Trachycarpus khasianus (Arecaceae) 47 Trachycarpus martianus (Arecaceae) 47 Trachylobium verrucosum (Caesalpiniaceae) 184 Trachys muricata (Poaceae) 114 Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae) 146 Trachyspermum khasianum (Apiaceae) 146 Trachyspermum roxburghianum (Apiaceae) 146 Tractocopevodia burmahica (Rutaceae) 360 Tradescantia spathacea (Commelinaceae) 49 Tradescantia virginiana (Commelinaceae) 49 Tradescantia zebrina (Commelinaceae) 49 Tragia burmanica (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Tragopogon porrifolius (Asteraceae) 167 Tragus biflorus (see Tragus roxburghii; Poaceae) 114 Tragus roxburghii (Poaceae) 114 Trapa bispinosa (see Trapa natans; Trapaceae) 385 Trapa natans (Trapaceae) 385 Trapa natans var. bispinosa (see Trapa natans; Trapaceae) Treisteria lanceolata (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Trema orientalis (Ulmaceae) 385 Trema politoria (Ulmaceae) 385 Trema timorensis (Ulmaceae) 385 Trema tomentosa (Ulmaceae) 385 Trevesia palmata (Araliaceae) 153 Trewia nudiflora (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trewia polycarpa (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trianthema crystallina (Aizoaceae) 135 Trianthema decandra (Aizoaceae) 135 Trianthema portulacastra (Aizoaceae) 135 Trias oblonga (Orchidaceae) 89 Trias picta (Orchidaceae) 89 Trias rolfei (Orchidaceae) 89 Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) 395 Tricarpelema giganteum (Commelinaceae) 49 Trichodesma calycosum (Boraginaceae) 177 Trichodesma decurrens (Boraginaceae) 177 Trichodesma khasianum (Boraginaceae) 177 Trichodesma zeylanicum (Boraginaceae) 177 Trichoglottis bipunctata (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichoglottis dawsoniana (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichoglottis fasciata (Orchidaceae) 89 Tricholepis karensium (Asteraceae) 167 Trichopteryx flammida (see Loudetia flammida; Poaceae) 105 Trichosanthes anguina (see Trichosanthes cucumerina; Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes bracteata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes cordata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes cucumerina (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes dunniana (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes grandibracteata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes integrifolia (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes ovigera (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes rubriflos (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes subrosea (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes tricuspidata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes truncata (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosanthes wallichiana (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Trichosma suavis (see Eria coronaria; Orchidaceae) 77 Trichotosia dasyphylla (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichotosia pulvinata (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichotosia rotundifolia (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichotosia velutina (Orchidaceae) 89 Trichurus monsoniae (Amaranthaceae) 137 Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae) 28, 167 Tridynamia megalantha (Convolvulaceae) 201 Tridynamia spectabilis (Convolvulaceae) 201 Trifolium latinum (Fabaceae) 252 Trifolium repens (Fabaceae) 252 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fabaceae) 252 Trigonostemon birmanicus (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon heteranthus (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon laetus (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon longifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon nigrifolius (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon sunirmalii (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trigonostemon villosus (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Trillium tschonoskii (Trilliaceae) 118 Trilobachne cookei (Poaceae) 114 Triphasia trifolia (Rutaceae) 360 Tripogon bromoides (Poaceae) 114 Tripogon capillatus (Poaceae) 114 Tripogon filiformis (Poaceae) 114 Tripogon trifidus (Poaceae) 114 Tripogon wardii (Poaceae) 114 Tripterospermum fasciculatum (Gentianaceae) 261 Tripterospermum membranaceum (Gentianaceae) 261 Tripterospermum volubile (Gentianaceae) 261 Tripterygium wilfordii (Celastraceae) 193 Triraphis madagascariensis (Poaceae) 114 Trisepalum acutum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Trisepalum amplexicaule (Gesneriaceae) 264 Trisepalum birmanicum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Trisepalum obtusum (Gesneriaceae) 264 Trisepalum prazeri (Gesneriaceae) 264 Tristania acuminata (Myrtaceae) 477 Tristania burmanica (see Tristaniopsis burmanica; Myrtaceae) 315 Tristania griffithii (see Lophostemon confertus; Myrtaceae) 313 Tristania merguensis (Myrtaceae) 315 Tristania rufescens (Myrtaceae) 315 Tristaniopsis burmanica (Myrtaceae) 315 Tristaniopsis merguensis (Myrtaceae) 315 Tristellateia australasiae (Malpighiaceae) 289 Triticum aestivum (Poaceae) 114 Triticum durum (Poaceae) 114 Triticum guticum (Poaceae) 480 Triumfetta annua (Tiliaceae) 384 Triumfetta bartramia (Tiliaceae) 384 Triumfetta glabra (Tiliaceae) 384 Triumfetta pilosa (Tiliaceae) 384 Triumfetta rhomboidea (Tiliaceae) 384 Triumfetta rotundifolia (Tiliaceae) 384 Trivalvaria dubia (Annonaceae) 144 Trivalvaria macrophylla (Annonaceae) 144 Trollius yunnanensis (Ranunculaceae) 335 Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae) 385 Tropidia angulosa (Orchidaceae) 89 Tropidia curculigoides (Orchidaceae) 89 Tsuga brunoniana (Pinaceae) 35 Tsuga yunnanensis (Pinaceae) 35 Tupidanthus calyptratus (Araliaceae) 153 Tupistra stoliczana (Convallariaceae) 50 Index to Scientific Names 586 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae) 385 Turpinia cochinchinensis (Staphyleaceae) 375 Turpinia nepalensis (Staphyleaceae) 375 Turraea pumila (Meliaceae) 296 Tutcheria microcarpa (Theaceae) 382 Tylophora flexuosa (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora helferi (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora indica (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora longifolia (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora macrantha (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora purpurea (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora squarrosa (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora tenuis (see Tylophora flexuosa; Asclepiadaceae) 157 Tylophora wallichii (see Tylophora squarrosa; Asclepiadaceae) 157 Typha angustifolia (Typhaceae) 118 Typha domingensis (Typhaceae) 118 Typha elephantina (Typhaceae) 118 Typha orientalis (Typhaceae) 118 Typhonium cuspidatum (see Typhonium flagelliforme; Araceae) 43 Typhonium diversifolium (Araceae) 43 Typhonium flagelliforme (Araceae) 43 Typhonium horsfieldii (Araceae) 43 Typhonium inopinatum (Araceae) 43 Typhonium listeri (Araceae) 43 Typhonium pedatisectum (Araceae) 43 Typhonium pedatum (see Typhonium horsfieldii; Araceae) 43 Typhonium pottingeri (Araceae) 43 Typhonium trilobatum (Araceae) 43 Typhonium venosum (Araceae) 43 Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) 252 Ulmus lancifolia (Ulmaceae) 385 Ulmus wilsoniana (Ulmaceae) 385 Uncaria acida (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria attenuata (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria cordata (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria ferrea (see Uncaria lanosa; Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria laevigata (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria lanosa (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria macrophylla (Rubiaceae) 356 Unearia ovalifolia (see Uncaria acida; Rubiaceae) 356 Unearia pilosa (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria sclerophylla (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncaria sessilifructus (Rubiaceae) 356 Uncifera tenuicaulis (see Ventricularia tenuicaulis; Orchidaceae) 90 Uncifera verrucosa (Orchidaceae) 89 Unona brandisana (Annonaceae) 144 Unona caudata (Annonaceae) 471 Unona dasymaschala (see Dasymaschalon blumei; Annonaceae) 141 Unona dunalii (Annonaceae) 144 Uraria barbata (Fabaceae) 252 Uraria clarkei (Fabaceae) 252 Uraria collettii (Fabaceae) 252 Uraria cordifolia (Fabaceae) 252 Uraria crinita (Fabaceae) 252 Uraria gracilis (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria hamosa (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria henryi (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria kurzii (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria lacei (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria lagopodioides (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria lagopus (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria latifolia (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria macrostachya (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria picta (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria repanda (Fabaceae) 253 Uraria rufescens (Fabaceae) 253 Urceola esculenta (see Urceola lucida; Apocynaceae) 150 Urceola lucida (Apocynaceae) 150 Urceola micrantha (Apocynaceae) 150 Urceola tournieri (Apocynaceae) 150 Urena lobata (Malvaceae) 291 Urena repanda (Malvaceae) 291 Urena rigida (see Pavonia rigida; Malvaceae) 291] Urena sinuata (Malvaceae) 291 Urena speciosa (see Urena repanda; Malvaceae) 291 Urginea indica (Hyacinthaceae) 59 Urobotrya siamensis (Opiliaceae) 321 Urochloa distachya (Poaceae) 114 Urochloa glumaris (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa maxima (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa mosambicensis (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa panicoides (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa ramosa (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa reptans (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa setigera (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa trichopus (Poaceae) 115 Urochloa villosa (Poaceae) 115 Urophyllum biloculare (Rubiaceae) 356 Urophyllum glabrum (Rubiaceae) 356 Urophyllum longifolium (Rubiaceae) 357 Utricularia albiflora (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia aurea (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia australis (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia bifida (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia brevilabris (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia caerulea (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia corynephora (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia flexuosa (see Utricularia aurea; Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia forrestii (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia gibba (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia graminifolia (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia lilacina (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia minutissima (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia orbiculata (Lentibulariaceae) 282 Utricularia punctata (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia racemosa (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia rogersiana (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia scandens (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia stellaris (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia striata (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia striatula (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia subrecta (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Utricularia uliginosa (Lentibulariaceae) 283 Uvaria bracteata (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria cordata (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria dulcis (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria ferruginea (see Ellipeiopsis ferruginea; Annonaceae) 141 Uvaria grandiflora (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria hamiltonii (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria hirsuta (Annonaceae) 144 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 587 Uvaria macrophylla (see Uvaria cordata; Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria merguiensis (see Enicosanthum merguiense; Annonaceae) 141 Uvaria micrantha (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria ovalifolia (Annonaceae) 144 Uvaria ptychocalyx (Annonaceae) 144 Vaccinium adenochaetum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium ardisioides (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium bancanum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium chaetothrix (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium delavayi (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium dendrocharis (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium donianum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium dunalianum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium gaultheriifolium (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium glauco-album (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium jacobeanum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium kachinense (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium lanigerum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium malaccense (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium modestum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium monetarium (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium oreogenes (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium paucicrenatum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium praeces (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium pubicalyx (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium pumilum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium retusum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium scopulorum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium serratum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium sikkimense (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium sprengelii (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium vacciniaceum (Ericaceae) 222 Vaccinium verticillatum (Ericaceae) 222 Valeriana wallichii (Valerianaceae) 387 Vallaris anceps (see Kibatalia macrophylla; Apocynaceae) 148 Vallaris arborea (see Kibatalia arborea; Apocynaceae) 148 Vallaris solanacea (Apocynaceae) 150 Vallisneria spiralis (Hydrocharitaceae) 60 Vanda amesiana (see Holcoglossum amesianum; Orchidaceae) 81 Vanda amesiana var. alba (see Holcoglossum amesianum; Orchidaceae) Vanda bensoni (Orchidaceae) 89 Vanda brunnea (Orchidaceae) 89 Vanda coerulea (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda coerulescens (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda coerulescens var. boxalli (see Vanda coerulescens; Orchidaceae) Vanda confusa (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda cristata (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda denisoniana (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda denisoniana var. hebraica (see Vanda denisoniana; Orchidaceae) Vanda densiflora (see Rhynchostylis gigantea; Orchidaceae) 87 Vanda kimballiana (see Holcoglossum kimballianum; Orchidaceae) 81 Vanda liouvillei (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda moorei (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda parishii (see Hygrochilus parishii; Orchidaceae) 81 Vanda parviflora (see Vanda testacea; Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda parviflora var. albiflora (see Vanda testacea; Orchidaceae) Vanda petersiana (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda roxburghii var. concolor (see Vanda tessellata; Orchidaceae) Vanda subulifolia (see Holcoglossum subulifolium; Orchidaceae) 81 Vanda teres (see Papilionanthe teres; Orchidaceae) 85 Vanda tessellata (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda testacea (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda vipanii (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda vitellina (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanda x charlesworthii (Orchidaceae) 90 Vandellia cerastoides (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia elata (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia erecta (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia hirsuta (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia hookeri (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia mollis (see Lindernia mollis; Scrophulariaceae) 370 Vandellia molluginoides (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandellia punctata (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vandopsis gigantea (Orchidaceae) 90 Vandopsis parishii (see Hygrochilus parishii; Orchidaceae) 81 Vandopsis shanica (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanilla aphylla (Orchidaceae) 90 Vanilla parishii (see Vanilla aphylla; Orchidaceae) 90 Vanilla planifolia (Orchidaceae) 90 Vatica cinerea (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica dyeri (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica faginea (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica griffithii (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica helferi (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica lanceaefolia (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica maingayi (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica odorata (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Vatica scaphula (Dipterocarpaceae) 209 Ventilago calyculata (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ventilago leiocarpa (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ventilago maderaspatana (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ventilago maingayi (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ventricularia tenuicaulis (Orchidaceae) 90 Veratrum shanense (Melanthiaceae) 63 Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) 391 Vernonia adenophylla (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia alpinii (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia andersoni (see Gymnanthemum andersonii; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia arborea (see Gymnanthemum arboreum; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia attenuata (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia birmanica (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia blanda (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia bracteata (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia calycina (see Myanmaria calycina; Asteraceae) 165 Vernonia chinensis (Asteraceae) 473 Vernonia cinerea (see Cyanthillium cinereum; Asteraceae) 161 Vernonia clivorum (see Acilepis clivorum; Asteraceae) 157 Vernonia cylindriceps (see Gymnanthemum cylindriceps; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia divergens (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia elaeagnifolia (Asteraceae) 168 Index to Scientific Names 588 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Vernonia extensa (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia gymnoclada (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia helferi (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia hyalina (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia indica (see Acilepis dendigulensis; Asteraceae) 157 Vernonia lobbii (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia mollissima (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia parishii (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia peguensis (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia roxburghii (see Acilepis aspera; Asteraceae) 157 Vernonia saligna (see Acilepis saligna,; Asteraceae) 157 Vernonia scandens (see Gymnanthemum obovatum; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia solanifolia (see Gymnanthemum solanifolium; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia subsessilis (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia tavoyana (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia teres (see Acilepis squarrosa; Asteraceae) 157 Vernonia thomsonii (Asteraceae) 168 Vernonia vidalii (see Gymnanthemum vidalii; Asteraceae) 163 Vernonia volkameriaefolia (see Gymnanthemum volkameriifolium; Asteraceae) 163 Veronica anagallis-aquatica (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Veronica aragallish (Scrophulariaceae) 480 Veronica cana (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Veronica himalensis (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Veronica szechuanica (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Vetiveria zizanioides (see Chrysopogon zizanioides; Poaceae) 96 Viburnum atrocyaneum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum colebrookianum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum cordifolium (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum coriaceum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum cuttingianum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum cylindricum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum erubescens (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum foetidum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum griffithianum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum griffithianum var. grandiflorum (see Viburnum griffithianum; Caprifoliaceae) Viburnum inopinatum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum odoratissimum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum punctatum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum shweliense (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum simonsii (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum tengyuchense (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum tricostatum (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum veitchii (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Viburnum wardii (Caprifoliaceae) 189 Vicia faba (Fabaceae) 253 Vicia sativa (Fabaceae) 253 Vicoa auriculata (see Pentanema indicum; Asteraceae) 165 Vicoa procera (Asteraceae) 473 Vigna adenantha (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna brachycarpa (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna catjang (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna catjang var. sinensis (see Vigna catjang; Fabaceae) Vigna lucens (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna lutea (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna luteola (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna marina (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna pilosa (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna repens (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna umbellata (Fabaceae) 253 Vigna vexillata (Fabaceae) 253 Vinca rosea (Apocynaceae) 150 Viola biflora (Violaceae) 392 Viola distans (Violaceae) 392 Viola hederacea (Violaceae) 392 Viola lecomteana (Violaceae) 392 Viola odorata (Violaceae) 392 Viola patrinii (Violaceae) 392 Viola serpens (Violaceae) 392 Viola tricolor (Violaceae) 392 Viola tricolor var. hortensis (see Viola tricolor; Violaceae) Viola unwinii (Violaceae) 392 Viscum acaciae (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum album (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum articulatum (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum birmanicum (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum japonicum (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum monoicum (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum orbiculatum (Viscaceae) 392 Viscum orientale (Viscaceae) 393 Viscum ovalifolium (Viscaceae) 393 Vitex axillaris (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex burmensis (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex canescens (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex carbunculorum (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex coriacea (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex diversifolia (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex elegans (Verbenaceae) 39] Vitex glabrata (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex heterophylla (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex leucoxylon (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex limonifolia (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex negundo (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex peduncularis (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex peduncularis var. roxburghiana (see Vitex peduncularis; Verbenaceae) Vitex pinnata (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex pubescens (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex quinata (Verbenaceae) 391 Vitex scabra (Verbenaceae) 392 Vitex trifolia (Verbenaceae) 392 Vitex vestita (Verbenaceae) 392 Vitis adnata (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis angustifolia (see Tetrastigma angustifolia; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis assamica (see Cissus assamica; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis aubertiana (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis auriculata (see Cyphostemma auriculata; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis barbata (see Ampelocissus barbata; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis bracteolata (see Tetrastigma bracteolatum; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis burmanica (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis campylocarpa (see Tetrastigma campylocarpum; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis capreolata (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis discolor (see Cissus discolor; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis erythroclada (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis glaberrima (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis harmandii (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis helferi (see Ampelocissus helferi; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis hexamera (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis heyneana (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis japonica (Vitaceae) 394 Index to Scientific Names Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar 589 Vitis lanata (see Vitis heyneana; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis lanceolaria (see Tetrastigma leucostaphylum; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis linnaei (see Cissus vitiginea; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis megabotrya (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis novemfolia (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis obovata (see Tetrastigma obovatum; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis obtecta (see Tetrastigma burmanicum; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis obtecta var. pilosum (see Tetrastigma burmanicum; Vitaceae) Vitis oxyphylla (see Tetrastigma dubium; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis pedata (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis pentagona (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis polystachya (see Ampelocissus polystachya; Vitaceae) 393 Vitis pycnantha (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis repanda (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis suberosum (Vitaceae) 394 Vitis tenuifolia (see Vitis japonica; Vitaceae) 394 Vitis trifolia (Vitaceae) 395 Vitis tuberculata (Vitaceae) 395 Vitis vinifera (Vitaceae) 395 Vitis wightiana (Vitaceae) 395 Vossia cuspidata (Poaceae) 115 Vrydagzynea albida (Orchidaceae) 90 Vrydagzynea verrucosa (Orchidaceae) 479 Vrydagzynea viridiflora (see Vrydagzynea albida; Orchidaceae) 90 Wagatea spicata (Caesalpiniaceae) 185 Wahlenbergia gracilis (Campanulaceae) 185 Wahlenbergia marginata (Campanulaceae) 185 Wallichia caryotoides (Arecaceae) 47 Wallichia disticha (Arecaceae) 47 Wallichia yomae (Arecaceae) 47 Walsura candollei (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura glauca (see Walsura pinnata; Meliaceae) 296 Walsura hypoleuca (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura multijuga (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura pinnata (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura robusta (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura trichostemon (Meliaceae) 296 Walsura villosa (see Walsura trichostemon; Meliaceae) 296 Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae) 378 Wattakaka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) 157 Webera campaniflora (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera compactiflora (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera corymbosa (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera glomerifolia (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera helferi (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera kurzii (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera myrtifolia (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera odorata (Rubiaceae) 357 Webera oppositifolia (see Aidia densiflora; Rubiaceae) 344 Webera pallida (Rubiaceae) 357 Wedelia biflora (see Melanthera biflora; Asteraceae) 165 Wedelia calendulacea (see Sphagneticola calendulacea; Asteraceae) 167 Wedelia montana (Asteraceae) 168 Wedelia urticaefolia (Asteraceae) 168 Wedelia wallichii (see Wedelia montana; Asteraceae) 168 Wendlandia burkillii (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia glabrata (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia glomerulata (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia grandis (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia ligustrina (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia nitens (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia nobilis (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia paniculata (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia pendula (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia puberula (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia scabra (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia speciosa (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia speciosa var. forrestii (see Wendlandia speciosa; Rubiaceae) Wendlandia tinctoria (Rubiaceae) 357 Wendlandia wallichti (Rubiaceae) 357 Wetria insignis (Euphorbiaceae) 235 Wightia alpinii (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Wightia gigantea (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Wightia lacei (Scrophulariaceae) 372 Wightia speciosissima (Scrophulariaceae) 373 Wikstroemia candolleana (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Wikstroemia canescens (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Wikstroemia floribunda (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Wikstroemia indica (Thymelaeaceae) 382 Willughbeia edulis (Apocynaceae) 150 Winchia calophylla (see Alstonia rostrata; Apocynaceae) 147 Wisteria chinensis (Fabaceae) 253 Withania somnifera (Solanaceae) 375 Wolffia globosa (Lemnaceae) 61 Woodburnia penduliflora (Araliaceae) 153 Woodfordia floribunda (Lythraceae) 287 Woodfordia fruticosa (Lythraceae) 287 Wormia mansoni (Dilleniaceae) 207 Wormia suffruticosa (Dilleniaceae) 207 Wrightia alpinii (Apocynaceae) 472 Wrightia arborea (Apocynaceae) 150 Wrightia collettii (Apocynaceae) 150 Wrightia dubia (Apocynaceae) 150 Wrightia lacei (Apocynaceae) 472 Wrightia laevis (Apocynaceae) 150 Wrightia religiosa (Apocynaceae) 150 Wrightia tinctoria (Apocynaceae) 472 Wrightia tomentosa (see Wrightia arborea; Apocynaceae) 150 Xanthium americanum (see Xanthium strumarium; Asteraceae) 168 Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae) 168 Xanthophyllum affine (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum andamanicum (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum flavescens (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum glaucum (see Xanthophyllum lanceatum; Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum griffithii (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum hainanense (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum hainanense var. occidentale (see Xanthophyllum hainanense; Polygalaceae) Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Polygalaceae) 29, 327 Xanthophyllum punctatum (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthophyllum virens (Polygalaceae) 327 Xanthosoma linden (Araceae) 43 Xantolis burmanica (Sapotaceae) 366 Xantolis tomentosa (Sapotaceac) 366 Xenostegia tridentata (Convolvulaceae) 201 Xerospermum ferrugineum (see Dimocarpus longan; Sapindaceae) 363 Xerospermum glabratum (see Xerospermum noronhianum; Sapindaceae) 364 Index to Scientific Names 590 Checklist of the Plants of Myanmar Xerospermum intermedium (see Xerospermum noronhianum; Sapindaceae) 364 Xerospermum laevigatum (Sapindaceae) 364 Xerospermum muricatum (Sapindaceae) 364 Xerospermum noronhianum (Sapindaceae) 364 Ximenia americana (Olacaceae) 317 Xylia dolabriformis (see Xylia xylocarpa; Mimosaceae) 302 Xylia xylocarpa (Mimosaceae) 25-26, 302 Xylocarpus carnulosa (Meliaceae) 296 Xylocarpus gangeticus (Meliaceae) 30, 296 Xylocarpus moluccensis (Meliaceae) 296 Xylosma longifolium (Flacourtiaceae) 258 Xyris anceps (Xyridaceae) 118 Xyris indica (Xyridaceae) 118 Xyris pauciflora (Xyridaceae) 118 Xyris wallichii (Xyridaceae) 118 Yakirra foliolosa (Poaceae) 115 Youngia japonica (Asteraceae) 168 Ypsilandra alpina (Melanthiaceae) 63 Ypsilandra yunnanensis (Melanthiaceae) 63 Yucca aloifolia (Agavaceae) 37 Yucca filamentosa (Agavaceae) 37 Yucca gloriosa (Agavaceae) 37 Yushania burmanica (Poaceae) 115 Yushania elegans (Poaceae) 115 Yushania racemosa (Poaceae) 115 Yushania wardii (Poaceae) 115 Zalacca beccarii (see Salacca wallichiana; Arecaceae) 46 Zannichellia palustris (Zannichelliaceae) 118 Zanonia indica (Cucurbitaceae) 205 Zantedeschia aethiopica (Araceae) 43 Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum alatum (see Zanthoxylum armatum; Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum budrunga (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum connaroides (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum hamiltonianum (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum ovalifolium (Rutaceae) 360 Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum (Rutaceae) 361 Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Rutaceae) 361 Zanthoxylum sapindifolium (Rutaceae) 361 Zanthoxylum scandens (Rutaceae) 361 Zanthoxylum spondiaefolium (Rutaceae) 361 Zea mays (Poaceae) 115 Zea mays subsp. mexicana (see Zea mays; Poaceae) Zebrina pendula (see Tradescantia zebrina; Commelinaceae) 49 Zehneria indica (Cucurbitaceae) 206 Zehneria maysorensis (Cucurbitaceae) 206 Zehneria umbellata (Cucurbitaceae) 206 Zehneria wallichii (Cucurbitaceae) 206 Zephyranthes carinata (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zephyranthes citrina (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zephyranthes puertoricensis (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zephyranthes rosea (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zephyranthes texana (Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zephyranthes tubispatha (see Zephyranthes puertoricensis Amaryllidaceae) 39 Zeuxine affinis (Orchidaceae) 90 Zeuxine flava (Orchidaceae) 90 Zeuxine goodyeroides (Orchidaceae) 90 Zeuxine gracilis (Orchidaceae) 90 Zeuxine moulmeinensis (see Rhomboda moulmeinensis; Orchidaceae) 87 Zeuxine strateumatica (Orchidaceae) 90 Zeylanidium lichenoides (Podostemaceae) 326 Zingiber barbatum (Zingiberaceae) 123 Zingiber cassumunar (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber gracile (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber gramineum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber kerrii (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber ligulatum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber macrostachyum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber montanum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber nimmonii (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber panduratum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber pardocheilum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber parishii (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber roseum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber rubens (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber squarrosum (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zingiber zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) 124 Zinnia elegans (Asteraceae) 168 Zizania latifolia (Poaceae) 115 Zizania texana (Poaceae) 115 Ziziphus brunoniana (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ziziphus funiculosa (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ziziphus glabra (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ziziphus globularis (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ziziphus incurva (Rhamnaceae) 335 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) 28-29, 335 Ziziphus oenoplia (Rhamnaceae) 29, 336 Ziziphus rubiginosa (Rhamnaceae) 336 Ziziphus rugosa (Rhamnaceae) 336 Zollingeria macrocarpa (Sapindaceae) 364 Zornia diphylla (Fabaceae) 253 Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) 124 Zoysia japonica (Poaceae) 115 Zoysia matrella (Poaceae) 115 Zoysia tenuifolia (Poaceae) 115 Index to Scientific Names