Jo So gl7 . Lear” PLANT STUDIES ADVERTISEMENT The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the - Department-of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that department untit July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled ‘Contributions from the United States National Herba- rium,” which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. II SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 24 PLANT STUDIES CHIEFLY TROPICAL AMERICAN BLAKE, MAXON, NILES, CHASE POPENOE, and HITCHCOCK UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1931 NOTE Volume 24 of the Contributions consists of 9 parts, which were issued as follows: Part 1, pages 1 to 32, January 11, 1922. Part 2, pages 33 to 64, August 15, 1922, Part 3, pages 65 to 86, August 11, 1922. Part 4, pages 87 to 100, August 18, 1922. Part 5, pages 101 to 184, May 28, 1924. Part 6, pages 135 to 214, August 20, 1925. Part 7, pages 215 to 290, November 20, 1925. Part 8, pages 291 to 556, May 4, 1927. Part 9, pages 557 to 762, February 12, 1930. IV PREFACE Volume 24 of the Contributions consists of nine parts. The first is a paper by Dr. S. F. Blake, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, containing descriptions of 46 new species of flowering plants from eastern Guatemala and Hon- duras. The collection of which these new species form a part was made during the spring of 1919 by several members of an economic survey mission sent out by the United States Department of State, to which Prof. Henry Pittier, Dr. S. F. Blake, and G. B. Gilbert, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, were attached as botanists. Part 2, by Dr. William R. Maxon, associate curator of the National Herbarium, deals with tropical American ferns and is the seventh of a series begun in volume 10 of the Contributions. Of special interest are the revision of a difficult subgroup of tree ferns of the genus Also- phila, and the description of a curious new genus of dryopteroid ferns from the West Indies, Atalopteris. The third part consists of a revision of the genus Diplostephium, by Dr. S. F. Blake, prepared in connection with his studies of the collec- tions made by Prof. Henry Pittier in South America. Diplostephium is a genus of the family Asteraceae related to Aster, but distinguished by its shrubby habit in addition to technical characters. Forty-one species are recognized, of which 13 are described as new. Since several of the species previously described are not represented in the herbaria of this country, the revision has been limited to a key, with descriptions of the new species and notes on the diagnostic characters of the others. The work is based on material in the Gray Herbarium and the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, in addition to that in the United States National Herbarium. Part 4, also by Doctor Blake, is entitled “Native Names and Uses of Some Plants of Eastern Guatemala and Honduras,” and is a sum- mary of information obtained by the botanists who accompanied the Economic Survey Mission sent out by the Department of State in the early part of 1919, as mentioned above. The time spent in the field by the expedition was so short that the list is necessarily incom- plete, but it contains much new and useful information, especially on the wild medicinal plants, and should be of service to travelers who may visit the same region. The fifth part, by Wilson Popenoe, agricultural explorer of the United States Department of Agriculture, is entitled, ‘“‘Hconomic V VI PREFACE Fruit-bearing Plants of Ecuador,” a region rich in new or little known plants the fruits of which are of economic value. It was prepared as a result of eight months field work, during which a special effort was made to obtain data concerning the distribution, common names, and uses of all cultivated fruit-bearing plants, as well as of wild ones the fruits of which are utilized by Ecuadorians. Except for a few popular and fragmentary accounts, practically nothing has been published previously on the subject, and even the nomenclature of some of the species included in the present paper has been generally confused. The paucity of published knowledge concerning the economic botany of northern South America is well known, and it is believed the present contribution materially increases the available information on an im- portant subject. Numerous species herein discussed have been intro- duced recently into the United States, where they are under test by horticulturists throughout those regions to which they seem likely to prove adaptable. Part 6 is a bibliographic study of Beauvois’ ‘‘Agrostographie,”’ by Cornelia D. Niles, with introduction and botanical notes by Mrs. Agnes Chase. This 256-page book on grasses, published by Palisot de Beauvois in 1812 under the title Essai d’une N ouvelle Agrostog- raphie, has been a source of confusion to botanists for more than a hundred years. Beauvois rendered an important service to science by introducing into the study of grasses the use of many important characters that had not previously been utilized in the classification of these plants, but in applying his new method to the grasses known at that time, more than 2,000 species, his work was often very careless. The application of many of his new names and binomials is obscure, and they have been differently interpreted by different writers. Beauvois proposed in this book many new genera and more than 600 new binomials. The correct identification of these genera and species is of fundamental importance to the study of grasses in all parts of the world. In the accompanying paper Miss Cornelia D. Niles and Mrs. Agnes Chase, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, present the results of a long and painstaking study of Beauvois’ book. All his genera and most of his species are represented in the United States National Herbarium. A type is indi- cated for each genus and species, the reason for the choice being given in each instance. The genera have been identified, and all but a small number of the species. This information has been of great assistance in the grass studies carried on at the N ational Herbarium and it is believed that its publication will be of similar value to stu- dents of grasses elsewhere. Part 7 consists of two papers upon Stipa, one of the larger genera of the grass family, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, botanist in charge of systematic agrostology, United States Department of Agriculture. PREFACE VII The species of this genus are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and are especially characteristic of steppes, plains, deserts, and other arid and semiarid regions. They form an im- portant part of the forage of the western plains and foothills of the United States. The first paper is a revision of the North American species, of which there are 40. Five of these are described as new. The second paper is a synopsis of the South American species of Stipa represented in the United States National Herbarium. Unfor- tunately the material at hand is not sufficient to warrant a complete revision at this time. There are included 89 species, 19 of which are described as new. Part 8, also by Professor Hitchcock, is an account of the grasses of the central Andes, including the three countries, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Most of the region is mountainous, the Andes traversing it from north to south. Though lying under the Equator, much of the region is at so high an elevation that many ranges and peaks are capped with perpetual snow. The flora is mainly temperate and alpine, but it becomes tropical on the coastal plain and on the eastern slope, where the mountains merge into the Amazon Basin. There are wide differences in the amount of rainfall. The base of the eastern slope lies in the humid tropical forest, while the coastal region of Peru is one of the driest regions of the world. Because of the ex- tremes of altitude and precipitation the grass flora is large and varied. The present paper includes 124 genera and 605 species, of which 29 species are new. The ninth and concluding part of the volume is a paper of similar scope by Professor Hitchcock dealing with the grasses of Central America. As here understood, Central America embraces the area between Colombia and Mexico. This territory, which includes Panama, lies entirely within the Tropics and except for the summits of the high mountain peaks the flora is tropical. The flora of the lowland along the Atlantic coast is similar to that of the other Ameri- can tropical lowlands bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Although the climate of the elevated regions of the interior is temperate, the grasses found there are, with few exceptions, those confined to Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. The higher peaks reach an altitude of more than 4,200 meters, but are not high enough to support an alpine flora. The present paper includes 115 genera and 460 species. FREDERICK V. CovILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. CONTENTS Page New Puants From GuaTeMaLa AND Honpuras. By S. F. Blake------- 1 Introduction.......------------------------------------------- 1 Cyperaceae__--------------------------------------------0---- 2 Moraceae. ---------------------------------------- 092-220 o re 2 Olacaceae___.------------------------------------------------ 3 Lauracese..-__----------------------------------------20------ 3 Silenaceae.....------------- nee eee eee eee eee eee 4 Fabaceac_____--------------------------------------- 2-02-2007 4 Oxalidaceae____----------+----------------------------------- 8 Rutaceae__.-------------------------------------------------- 8 Meliaceae___------------------------------------------------7 9 Euphorbiaceae------------------------------------------------ 10 Clusiaceae....------------------------------------------------ 14 Melastomataceae..-------------------------------------------- 15 Myrsinaceae_.------------------------------------------------ 16 Loganiaceae--_--------------------------------------------7-- 17 Apocynaceae- - ------------------------------ wane eee --------- 18 Asclepiadaceae. ---------------------------------------------7-7 19 Boraginaceae---------------------------------------------7777 19 Solanaceae. __------------------------------------- 09-0 ro cre 20 Scrophulariaceae_--------------------------------------------7 22 Bignoniaceae-------------------------------------------7-777- 22 Acanthaceae_--------------------------------------- 0-02 --re 25 Cucurbitaceae--_--------------------------------------------- 26 Asteraceae. ..----------------------------------- nnn 27 Srupres or TROPICAL AMERICAN Ferns—No. 7. By William R. Maxon. 33 Introduction.._----------------------------------------------- 33 The North American species of Alsophila grouped with A. armata--- 33 A singular new Alsophila from Panama-------------------------- 46 Notes on Dicranopteris...-----------------------------------777 47 The Jamaican species of Cheilanthes - ---------------------------- 50 Two new species of Polystichum from the West Indies__----------- 53 Atalopteris, a new genus of dryopteroid ferns from the West Indies-- 54 Three new species of Dryopteris, subgenus Stigmatopteris..--------- 57 Miscellaneous notes. --------------------------------------7777 60 Key to tHE Genus DIPLOSTEPHIUM, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF New Spr- cies. By S. F. Blake.----------------------------------7--77-777 65 Introduction_..-.------------------------------------ 07-007 65 Systematic treatment_----.-----------------------=----777777777 68 Native Names anp Uses oF 80MB PLaNnts OF HASTERN GUATEMALA AND Honpuras. By 8S. F. Blake_-.-.-------------------------------7- 87 Introduction._--.-..------ oe eee ee ee eee ne nee eee een eee 87 List of native names and uses...-------------------------------- 87 Economic FRUIT-BEARING Puants or Ecuapor. By Wilson Popenoe.. 101 Ix x CONTENTS A Brsuiograpuic Stupy or Bravvois’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. By Cornelia D. Niles. Wirn Inrropuction anp Botanica Notes. By Agnes Chase_-----.-------------- eee Summary of Beauvois’ essay_.......___..._________________. “Advertisement” _._._._..._.-.___.__________.....-.._._... Introduction -----____--___.._2-_- eee. Classification of the genera in Beauvois’ essay_____.___________ Methods of work_._-_--_--------_-_________________.. Tae Nortu American Species or Stipa. By A. 8. Hitchcock.______ Introduction. _-...-._.___-_.----2- ee. List of new species and new names______________._.___________. _- Tue Grasses oF Ecuapor, Perv, and Bonivia. By A. 8. Hitchcock - __ Introduction___-____-___-__--_.--2 2. Grass material available for study___________________________ Scope of the work.______._.---_-_-_-____ 8. Tue Grasses oF CentRaL America. By A. 8. Hitchcock.__.._______ Introduction_.-..--._..----._--22 eee Recent publications useful in the study of Central American gTasses__ List of new species and new name_______________________________ Index to numbered specimens____-._...________________________- INDEX__-__.--_2--------- eee PLATE ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Fonom ing ag 1. Dorstenia contrajerva tenuiloba Blake. ---------------------- 4 2. Phoebe ambigens Blake--.--------------------------------- 4 3. Decazyx macrophyllus Pitt. & Blake....-------------------- 8 4. Clusia utilis Blake......--------------------------------- 14 5. Miconia angustispica Blake------------------------------- 14 6. Tabernaemontana amblyblasia Blake-.---------------------- 18 7. Cayaponia microdonta Blake------------------------------ 26 8. Sclerocarpus phyllocephalus Blake... ----------------------- 26 9. Wedelia parviceps Blake-_--------------------------------- 28 10. Otopappus asperulus Blake------------------------------- 30 11. Alsophila strigillosa Maxon. ------------------------------ 64 12. Alsophila notabilis Maxon-_---------------------- _-------- 64 13. Alsophila stipularis Christ_------------------------------- 64 14. Alsophila acutidens Christ... ----------------------------- 64 15. Alsophila trichiata Maxon. .------------------------------ 64 16. Alsophila swartziana Mart--.-.---------------------------- 64 17. Alsophila williamsii Maxon.-_----------------------------- 64 18. Dicranopteris brittonti Maxon--.--------------------------- 64 19. Polystichum deminuens Maxon-.-- ------------------------- 64 20. Polystichum killipii Maxon---------- eee ee en -- eee ------- 64 21. Diplostephium empetrifolium Blake------------------------- 86 22. Diplostephium macrocephalum Blake--- -------------------- 86 23. Diplostephium cicatricosum Blake- - ------------------------ 86 24. Diplostephium oblanceolatum Blake- ------------------------ 86 25. Diplostephium baccharideum Blake-- ----------------------- 86 26. Diplostephium umbelliferum Blake--- ---------------------- 86 27. Diplostephium costaricense Blake-.- - ~~ --------------------- 86 28. Diplostephium bicolor Blake--.---------------------------- 86 29. Achras chicle Pittier._...-------------------------------- 100 30. Cassia alata L__-.-----------------------------~----------- 100 31. Neurolaena lobata (L.) R. Br------------------------------ 100 32. Piper auritum amplifolium C. DC------------------------- 100 33. Smilax ornata Lemaire_-_-..-..---------------------------- 100 34. Juglans honoreit Dode- ----------------------------------- 134 35. Persea americana drymifolia (Cham. & Schlecht.) Blake------ 134 36. Fragaria chiloensis Duch-.------------------------------- 134 87. Fragaria chiloensis Duch-. ------------------------------- 134 38. Rubus glaucus Benth. -...-------------------------------- 134 39. Rubus adenotrichos Schlecht------------------------------- 134 40. Rubus roseus Poir__....--------------------------------- 134 41. Prunus serotina Ehrh.--.--------------------------------- 134 42. Passiflora popenovit Killip-------------------------------- 134 43. Passiflora ligularis Juss-_--------------------------------- 134 44, Passiflora mollissima (H. B. K.) Bailey--------------------- 134 45. Carica candamarcensis Hook. f--.-.------------------------ 134 46. Carica pentagona Heilborn-------------------------------- 134 47. Carica chrysopetala Heilborn- ----------------------------- 134 48. Vaccinium floribundum H. B. K..------------------------- 134 49. Solanum quitoense Lam---------------------------------- 134 XII ILLUSTRATIONS Following page Puate 50. Fruits of Stipa..-.--_._--.-.-------- eee Figures 1, 2. Stipa neomexicana; Texas, Chase 5982. Figures 3, 4. Stipa speciosa; California, Chase 5747. Figures 5, 6. Stipa mucronata; Mexico, type. Figures 7, 8. Stipa leucotricha; Texas, Hitchcock 5138. Figures 9, 10. Stipa stillmanii; California, Bolander. Figures 11, 12. Stipa coronata; California, Orcutt 1068. Figure 13. Stipa coronata parishii; California, Parish Brothers 1079. Figures 14, 15. Stipa richardson; Alberta, Hitchcock 11468, Figures 16, 17. Stipa avenacioides; Florida, Curtiss 5834. Figures 18, 19. Stipa spartea; Iowa, Hitchcock 11020. Figures 20, 21. Stipa avenacea; Maryland, Kneucker Gram. Exs. 564. 51. Fruits of Stipa_/_-..---.---- eee Figures 1, 2. Stipa saxicola; Mexcio, Hitchcock 6488. Figures 3, 4. Stipa comata; Colorado, Hitchcock 1700. Figure 5. Stipa comata intermedia; Wyoming, Tweedy 610. Figures 6, 7. Stipa pulchra; California, Chase 5598. Figures 8, 9. Stipa leiantha; Mexico, Hitchcock 6489. 262 Figures 10, 11. Figures 12, 13. Figures 14, 15. Figures 16, 17. Figures 18, 19. Figures 20, 21. Figures 22, 23. Figures 24, 25. Figures 26, 27. Figures 28, 29. Figures 30, 31. Figures 32, 33. 52. Fruits of Stipa Stipa pringlet; Mexico, Hitchcock 7681. Stipa eminens; Mexico, Palmer 523. Stipa clandestina; Mexico, Arsene 3441. Stipa lepida; California, Chase 5609. Stipa portert; Colorado, Wolfe 1109. Stipa thurberiana; Idaho, Chase 4689. Stipa elmeri; California, Hitchcock 3336. Stipa occidentalis; Oregon, Hitchcock 11740. Stipa multinodis; Mexico, Pringle 385. Stipa constricta; Mexico, Hitchcock 6742. Stipa scribneri; New Mexico, Vasey. Stipa californica; California, Hall 2556. Figures 1, 2. Stipa angustifolia; Mexico, Palmer 726. Figures 3, 4. Stipa virescens; Mexico, Hitchcock 5973. Figures 5, 6. Stipa mexicana; Mexico, Pringle 4299. Figures 7, 8. Stipa lemmoni; California, Butler 830. 262 Figures 9, 10. Stipa williamsii; Wyoming, Williams 2804. Figures 11, 12. Stipa viridula; South Dakota, Griffiths 201. Figures 13, 14. Stipa vaseyi; New Mexico, Hitchcock 13280. Figures 15, 16. Stipa columbiana; Montana, Hitchcock 4911. Figure 17. Stipa columbiana nelsoni; Wyoming, Nelson 3963. Figures 18, 19. Stipa lettermani; Idaho, Letterman 102. Figures 20, 21. Stipa pinetorum; Colorado, Jones 6023. Figures 22, 23. Stipa arida; Utah, Jones 5377. Figures 24, 25. Stipa editorum; Mexico, Hitchcock 6469. Figures 26, 27. Stipa tenuissima; New Mexico, Hitchcock 13498. Figures 28, 29. Stipa ichu; Mexico, Hitchcock 6521. FIGURES Figure 1. Floral details of Decazyz macrophyllus....__..__..-...-.-_-- 8 2. Floral details of Decazyx macrophyllus___.._____.__._______- 9 8. Leaf of Melanthera hastifolia__....____________....._.____- 4. Leaf of Melanthera linearis___._..._.___________________.. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLuME 24, ParT 1 NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS By Ss. F. BLAKE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. II PREFACE. The present paper by Dr. S. F. Blake, of the Bureau of Plant In- dustry, United States Department of Agriculture, contains descrip- tions of forty-six new species of flowering plants from eastern Guatemala and Honduras. The collection of which these new species form a part was made during the spring of 1919 by several members of an Economic Survey Mission sent out by the United States De- partment of State, to which Prof. Henry Pittier, Dr. 5. F. Blake, and Mr. G. B. Gilbert, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, were at- tached as botanists. A paper containing notes on the uses and native names of the plants collected on this expedition is in process of preparation. Freprerick V. CoviLe, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. mI CONTENTS. Myrsinaceae___-_- -------------------- === snr Loganiaceae __--------------------- ---- === nnn ») ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Following page. PLATE 1. Dorstenia contrajerva tenuiloba Blake__--------------------- 4 9. Phoebe ambigens Blake._-----------------------s 0 4 3 Decazya macrophyllus Pitt. & Blake_____-------------------- 8 4. Clusia utilis Blake--------------------------- 00 14 5. Miconia angustispica Blake_-----------------------9 00 14 6. Tabernaemontana amblyblasta Blake------------------------ 18 7. Cayaponia microdonta Blake-~-------------------- snr 26 8. Sclerocarpus phyllocephalus Blake_____---------------------- 26 9, Wedelia parviceps Blake-----------~--- cece wre ap he ee ge lente 28 10. Otopappus asperulus Blake____-------------------------7--7-7- B30 FIGURES. Page. Ficcre 1. Floral details of Decazyx macrophyllus_-------------------~~ 29. Floral details of Decazy® macro phyllus__------------------- 9 * Leaf of Melanthera hastifolia___----------------m orn 29 4. Leaf of Melanthera linearis_------------------- >on 30 NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. By S. F. BLakeE. INTRODUCTION. In the spring of 1919 an Economic Survey Mission, headed by the late Major Percy H. Ashmead, was sent out by the United States Depart- ment of State to make a general survey of the natural conditions and resources of the region lying between the Motagua Valley in Guatemala and the Chamelecén Valley in Honduras. The botanical collections on which the present paper is based, amounting to about 810 numbers, were made by Henry Pittier, G. B. Gilbert, and S. F. Blake, of the United States Department of Agriculture, and also by Dr. H. N. Whitford and Mr. L. R. Stadtmiller, who were attached to the expedition as foresters. A considerable part of Mr. Pittier’s Honduran collection was unfortunately lost in transit to Wash- ington. The period of our work, May 2 to June 4, 1919, fell within the end of an unusually extended dry season, to which was due the fact that we were able to follow some of the mountain trails which in wet weather become nearly or quite impassable. Mr. Pittier’s collections were made chiefly on the main trail leading from Los Amates, De- partment of Izabal, Guatemala, through the Molja Valley to El Paraiso and La Florida, Department of Copan, Honduras, thence back through the Espfritu Santo Mountains and the valleys of the Mojanales and Tepemechin rivers to Morales in Guatemala, with later collections at Quirigu4é and Quebradas, Guatemala. He was accompanied by Mr. Gilbert, Dr. Whitford, and Mr. Stadtmiller. The specimens collected by Dr. Whitford and Mr. Stadtmiller were chiefly from E] Lancetillal and Macuelizo, Honduras. The writer later followed the same trail from Los Amates through El Paraiso and La Florida to Quebradas, and in addition collected around Los Amates, at Gualdn, and on a trip made in company with Mr. Stadt- miller and Mr. H. H. Bennett from Los Amates over the Sierra de las Minas to Izabal. The vascular cryptogams collected have been determined by Mr. William R. Maxon, the grasses by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock and Mrs. Agnes Chase, the Nyctaginaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Rubiaceae by 54203—22——-- 1 2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Mr. Paul C. Standley, and the Eupatorieae by Dr. B. L. Robinson, who has described a new species of Eupatorium collected on this expedition. The remainder have been determined by the writer, with the exception of a few species named by Mr. Pittier, who has already published a paper? describing a chicle-yielding species of Achras which he collected. CYPERACEAE. Fuirena bulbipes Blake, sp. nov. Rootstock creeping, about 2 mm. thick ; base of stems bulbous-thickened, about 13 mm. long, 6 mm. thick; stems approximate, erect, 60 to 70 cm. high, about 3 mm. thick below, angulate, striate, the lower internodes hispid-pilose with spreading hairs, the upper glabrous; basal sheaths short, hispid-pilose, nearly or quite bladeless; stem leaves about 4, the hispid-pilose sheaths 2.5 to 4.5 em, long, the brown pilose-ciliate scarious ligules 2 mm. long, the lance-linear erectish blades flat, 3.5 to 14 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, about 6-nerved, pale green, rather densely ascending-hispidulous above, spreading-hispid-pilose on margin and on nerves beneath; panicle small, 8 cm. long, slightly branched ; spikelets sessile in clusters of 3 to 8, ellipsoid, acutish, 5 to 6 mm. long, 2 mm. thick ; scales obovate, pale brown, scarious, ciliate, rounded, about 2 mm. long, the 3 green nerves converging and abruptly produced into a spreading or re- curved stiff green mucro 0.2 to 0.7 mm. long; perianth scales 3, about equaling the achene in the dried state, the slender bent stipe about one-third as long as the body, the body obovate-oval, strongly 3-ribbed, papillose-puberulous and ciliolate, membranaceous, about 0.8 mm. long, 0.4 mm. wide, at tip abruptly contracted into a bulbous-thickened blunt appendage about 0.2 mm. long, this provided with a slender incurved hispidulous awn about 0.2 mm. long; achene broadly obovoid-trigonous, pale brown, shiny, short-stiped, about 0.8 mm. long (excluding beak), 0.7 mm. wide, the whitish hispidulous beak about 0.5 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989612, collected in dryish ditch along railroad at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 22, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7578). With a general resemblance to F. umbellata Rottb., this species may be read- ily distinguished by its perianth scales, which are oval, 3-nerved, bulbous-thick- ened above, and provided with a minute incurved awn. Those of F. umbellata are obovate, emarginate, membranaceous, not apically thickened, and tipped with a comparatively long curving awn. MORACEAE. Dorstenia contrajerva tenuiloba Blake, subsp, nov. PLATE 1. Habit and flowers of the typical form; leaves broadly ovate in outline, 16 cm. long, 15 to 18 cm. wide, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes 7, the middle and upper ones lanceolate, attenuate, 8 to 11 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, about four times as long as the breadth of the blade between them. Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 989610, collected in damp woods along trail from Log Amates to Izabal, in the lower region of the Sierra de las Minas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 31, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7803). * On the origin of chicle with descriptions of two new species of Achras, Journ, Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 431, 1919. me BLAKE—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 3 From the series of D. contrajerva and D. contrajerva houstoni L. in the National Herbarium, this plant differs so markedly in leaf form as to merit subspecifie separation. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.—Dorstenia contrajerva tenuiloba, from the type specimen. One-half natural size. . OLACACEAE. Heisteria media Blake, sp. nov. Tree; young branchlets dull olive-green, the older grayish-barked, glabrous ; leaves alternate, the blades oval to oblong-elliptic or rarely obovate-oval, 10 to 15 em. long, 4.5 to 7 cm, wide, abruptly short-pointed with obtuse tip or rarely and abnormally rounded, cuneate at base, pergamentaceous, deep green and slightly shining above, dull beneath, glabrous, the primary veins about 7 pairs, alternate, obscure above, prominulous beneath, forked near the tip and anastomosing near the margin, the secondaries obscure; petioles sulcate, 10 to 15 mm. long; calyx in young fruit 2 to 28 em. wide, coriaceous, glabrous, 5-lobed to middle, the lobes deltoid, obtuse, plicate in the sinus; young fruit ovoid, acutish, 6 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989624, collected near Los Ranchos, Department of Copan, Honduras, May 6 or 7, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8448). Heisteria media in its leaf characters comes between Heisteria acuminata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Benth. & Hook. and H. coccinea Jacq., uniting nearly the texture of the leaf of H. acuminata with the obscure venation of H. coccinea. It is, however, perfectly distinct from either of these species. LAURACEAE. Phoebe ambigens Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 2. Tree up to 30 meters high and about 1 meter in diameter ; branchlets angled, striate, in youth finely strigillose, glabrate ; leaves alternate; petioles stout, ob- scurely puberulous above, glabrate, unmargined, 1.3 to 2.8 cm. long; blades elliptic to oval-oblong, 9.5 to 26 cm. long, 3.5 to 10 cm. wide, obtuse or usually short-pointed with obtuse apex, at base cuneate, pergamentaceous, in youth finely appressed-puberulous especially above along costa, in age glabrous, often tufted in the axils of the veins beneath, elegantly prominulous-reticulate on both sides, the 5 to 7 pairs of lateral veins prominent on both sides, diverging at an angle of about 45°; peduncles axillary toward tips of branches, 5.5 to 7.5 em. long, obscurely puberulous or glabrous; panicles pyramidal, loose, obtuse, rather few-flowered, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 8 em. wide, finely griseous- puberulous; flowers umbellulate in 8’s or 4’s at the tips of the ultimate branch- lets, the pedicels 4 to 9 mm. long, the bractlets deciduous; perianth 7 mm. long, 15 mm. wide when expanded, the tube short, turbinate, 1 mm. long, the seg- ments broadly oval, broadly rounded at apex, slightly or not at all narrowed at base, 6 to 7 mm. long, 4.8 to 5.5 mm. wide, densely appressed-griseous- puberulous outside, puberulous within; stamens of series I quadrate-oblong, 2.4 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide, truncate, contracted into a short-pubescent base only 0.4 mm. long, the upper pair of cells directly over the lower; stamens of series II similar, with longer stipe (1 mm. long), the anther 1.8 mm. long, sub- truncate; stamens of series III 2.8 mm. long, the anther 1.4 mm. long, truncate, the cells lateral-extrorsely dehiscent, the filament 1.4 mm. long, short-pubescent, 2 Heisteria acuminata Benth. & Hook.; Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 3:18. 1893; Rhaptostylum acuminatum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin, 2: 139. pl. 125. 1809. 4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. bearing two-fifths its height above its base two whitish subglobose sessile glands essentially as long as itself; pistil 2.2 mm. long, the depressed-globose ovary with a circumferential ring of hairs near middle, the style equaling the ovary; perianth limb decidous, the tube persistent as a shallow cup. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989628, collected in clay soil at Rodezno, Department of Copfin, Honduras, at an altitude of about 120 meters, May 3, 1919, by H. N. Whitford and L. R. Stadtmiller (no. 7). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: In rich clay, Las Playitas, Department of Izabal, altitude 45 meters, May 18, 1919, Whitford & Stadtmiller 32. This species bears the native names “ guambo” (Honduras) and “ aguaca- tillo” (Guatemala). The species is well distinguished by the size of the flowers and the character of the leaves. The wood is used for boards. The nature of the fruit is unfortunately not known. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.—Phoebe ambigens, from the type specimen. Natural size. SILENACEAE, Drymaria idiopoda Blake, sp. nov. Prostrate annual, several-stemnred, the stems 10 to 40 cm. long, simple or sparsely branched, very sparsely spreading-pilose; leaf blades broadly ovate or suborbicular-ovate, 4 to 11 mm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, abruptly apiculate and slightly cuspidulate at the rounded or obtuse tip, broadly rounded: or subtruncate at base, thin, light green, ciliate, glabrous above, sparsely pilose along the costa beneath; petioles 1 to 3 mm. long, pilose-ciliate; pedicels solitary in the upper axils, sparsely spreading-pilose, 10 to 18 mm. long; sepals 5, oblong-ovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, obtuse to acutish, the outer herba- ceous, obscurely 3-nerved, pilose-ciliate and sparsely spreading-pilose dor- sally, the 2 inner glabrous and with narrow pale margin; petals 5, white, linear-cuneate, 2 to 4-fid, 2 to 4-nerved, equaling or at length exceeding the sepals, persistent; stamens 10, unequal, the 4 longer equaling or somewhat surpassing the pistil; ovary ovoid, obtuse; styles 4, recurved, strongly papil- lose; capsule equaling the sepals, obtuse, the 4 valves thickened at tip; seeds 23, brownish black, papillose-nruricate, 0.6 to 0.8 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989609, collected along brook at Hacienda La Zumbadora, Department of Copin, Honduras, May 12, 1919, by 5S. F. Blake (no, 7381). Drymaria idiopoda belongs to the group of closely related species center- ing around D. cordata (L.) Willd., and is distinguished by its sparse spreading pubescence, ovate (not cordate) leaves, and solitary axillary flowers. FABACEAE. Stylosanthes eriocarpa Blake, sp. nov. Frutescent, ascending, branched, 30 cm. high; young branches olive-green, densely pilose with ascending hairs, the older fuscous, at length gray-barked, subglabrate; stipules pilose, 5.5 to 6 mm. long, the sheath 3 to 4 mm. long, the free tips subulate, subspinescent, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; petioles pilose, the free portion 2 to 2.5 mm. long; leaflets 8, oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 3 to 7.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide, acute at each end, slightly mucronulate, slightly denticulate above, thick, deep green and sparsely short-pilose above, beneath paler, short-pilose, with 3 pairs of prominulous whitish veins; spikes composed of 2 or 3 spikelets; primary bracts pilose, unifoliolate, otherwise Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE I. DORSTENIA CONTRAJERVA TENUILOBA BLAKE. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24, PLATE 2. PHOEBE AMBIGENS BLAKE. BLAKE—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 5 similar to the leaflets but smaller; secondary bract 1, scarious, pilose-ciliate, °8 mm. long, bifid to middle, the lobes lance-ovate, acute; axis rudiment slender-subulate, pilose-ciliate, shorter than the bract; bractlet 1, similar to the secondary bract but with narrower lobes; calyx 6.5 mm. long (including the 4 mm. long stipelike base), membranaceous, 5-lobed, the 4 upper lobes rounded, ciliate, the lowest lobe the longest, obtuse, ciliate and dorsally pilose; corolla yellow, marked with red on banner, 5 mm. long; banner oval, barely emar- ginate; lateral petals equaling the keel, rounded; stamens subequal, the alter- nate ones with longer filaments and very small didymous anthers ; pod 8 mm. long, the sterile basal joint densely long-villous, 1.5 mm. long, the fertile joint villous, 8 to 3.5 mnt. long, 1-nerved on the sides and loosely reticulate, the villous hooked beak 3 mm. long. Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no. 989608, collected on an open rocky hillside along trail from Los Amates to Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 81, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7792). This species is a member of the section Styposanthes, and is most closely related to S. hamata (L.) Taub. (S. procumbens Swartz), from which it differs in its shorter stipules and the few-veined pubescent leaflets. Meibomia albida Blake, sp. nov. Herb, the stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes, about 1 meter long, green, densely and finely spreading-hirtellous and with sparse longer uncinate hairs, the internodes 2.5 to 14 cm. long; stipules lance-ovate, 6 mm, long, attenuate, deciduous, herbaceous, becoming dry and prownish, striatulate, finely hirtellous, those of the pairs united on one side at base; leaves 3-foliolate; petioles erect, 6 to 9 em. long, slender, densely and finely spreading-hirtellous, the rachis simi- lar, 3 to 7 mm. long; stipels linear-subulate, striatulate, deciduous, 2.5 mm. long ; petiolules densely hirtellous, 2 to 3 mm. long; lateral leaflets ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, at base broadly rounded, papery, above green, sparsely puberulous, glabrate, peneath glaucescent, densely short-pilose with ascending white hairs, the chief lateral veins about 4 pairs, the secondaries somewhat prominulous-reticulate above, the secondaries and tertiaries densely prominulous-reticulate beneath; terminal leaflet ovate or suboricular-ovate, 4.7 to 7 em. long, 3 to 4.2 cm. wide, acuminate, at base rounded or cuneate-rounded, otherwise similar to the lateral leaflets; peduncles solitary, axillary, erect, 16 to 22 em. long, densely spreading-hirtellous and with sparse longer uncinate hairs, bearing about 3 pairs of ovate, acute, striate, mostly deciduous bracts about 4 mm. long; raceme simple, loose, few-flowered, about 7 cm. long in young fruit, like the pedicels uncinate-hirtellous ; practs herbaceous, ovate, 4 mm. long, acuminate, striate, deciduous, finely hirtellous and sparsely ciliate ; pedicels mostly in pairs, in flower 5 mm., in fruit 10 mm. long; calyx finely hirtellous and sparsely ascending-pubescent, the ovate entire upper lip 2.7 mm. long (from base of tube), the lower lip subequal, 3-lobed to below the middle, the lobes ovate, acuminate, the middle one longest ; corolla white, faintly tinged with pink, 5.5 mm. long, glabrous, densely and finely papillose all over outside, the banner quadrate-orbicular, sub emarginate, short-clawed ; loment (submature) an erect, densely uncinate-hirtellous stipe 4 mm. long, 2-jointed, densely slightly curved on the upper margin, lobed beyond the proad, not inflexed above, the joints semi- orbicular, straight on the dorsal margin, broadly rounded on the lower, 7 mm. long, 4.5 mm. wide, the style 1.8 mm. long in flower, glabrous, deciduous in fruit. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,037,056, collected in wood path at Quebradas, Department of Jzabal, Guatemala, May 19, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7510). on uncinate-hirtellous, middle on the lower, the isthmus 6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Meibomia albida is readily distinguished from its nearest relative, M. axillaris (Swartz) Kuntze, by its ovate acuminate leaflets and white flowers. The de- scription of M. avillaris var. sintenisit Urban? is suggestive of M. albida, but I can not believe that the plant above described is only varietally distinct from M. axillaris. Meibomia macrodesma Blake, sp. nov. Scandent herb; stem slender, green, finely and densely spreading-puberulous and more sparsely or on the young parts densely hispid with ascending or spreading brownish uncinate hairs; leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; stipules decidous, not seen; petioles 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, the rachis 1.2 to 2.2 cm. long, pubescent like the stem, but the long hairs scarcely hooked; petiolules densely rufescent-hairy, about 2.6 mm. long; stipels linear-subulate, deciduous, about 5 mm. long; lower pair of leaflets obliquely ovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, apiculate (the apiculation about 1 mm. long), at base broadly rounded, papyraceous, above deep green, evenly but not densely pilose with subappressed brown hairs, densely rufescent-ciliate,- be- neath paler green and subglaucescent, similarly but more densely and softly pilose, the hairs denser and more rufescent along the prominulous veins: terminal leaflet similar but larger and equilateral, acute, 4 to 11 em. long, 2.2 to 5.8 em. wide; racemes axillary, about 12 em. long, curved, very loose, few-flowered, pubescent like the stem; flowers paired; bracts deciduous, not seen; pedicels in fruit 5 to 12 mm. long, pubescent like the stem; calyx puberulous and hispid, 4 mm. long, its 4 teeth acuminate, the lowest longest : flowers not seen; stipe of fruit 5 mm. long, exceeding the calyx, densely hispidulous with straight brownish hairs; pod 1 or 2 jointed, 3.4 to 5.5 em. long, divided on the lower side nearly to the dorsal isthmus, rufescent-ciliate and rather sparsely rufescent-pilose with ascending, not hooked hairs; joints reniform-suborbicular, 8 em. long, 2.5 em wide, reticulate, marginate, whitish, with a sinus 2 to 3 mm. deep in the middle of the back, not at all or only very obscurely beaked at apex. . Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989635, collected on edge of woods, along trail from Hacienda El Limon to El Paraiso, Department of Copfn, Honduras, May 12, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7359). This species is a member of the group Nephromeria and is closest to Mei- bomia purpusii (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake,‘ but may be distinguished by its much broader leaflets, pubescent with longer rufescent hairs, and by its larger loment joints, which are not beaked at apex. Meibomia prorepens Blake, sp. nov. Herbaceous, the stems prostrate, 1 meter long, densely spreading-pilose with aull-white hairs about 1 mm. long, the internodes 3 to 11 em. long; stipules lance-subulate, 8 to 10 mm. long, attenuate, persistent, connate on one side at base for about 3 mm., quickly becoming brown and stiff, striate, densely pilose; leaves 3-foliolate; petioles 4 to 9.5 cm. long, densely spreading-pilose; rachis 5 to 12 mm. long, like the petiolules (2 to 4 mm. long) densely spreading-pilose ; stipels linear-subulate, striate, persistent, 4 to 6 mm. long; lateral leaflets ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, mucronulate, at base broadly rounded or subcordate-rounded, papery, above deep green, evenly ascending- *Symb. Antill. 2: 308. 1900. * Desmodium lunatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 246, 1908. Not D. lunatum Hu- ber, 1906; Meibomia lunata Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 215. 1913; Desmodium purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6:53. 1914. BLAKE—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS, 7 pilose with short hairs, glabrescent, beneath glaucescent, in youth densely sericeous-pilose, at maturity rather densely pilose with ascending white hairs, those along the veins spreading, the lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, whitish and prominent beneath, the secondaries and tertiaries prominulous-reticulate be- neath and to a less degree above; terminal leaflet rhombic-ovate, 5.5 to 10.8 cm. long, 2.5 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate, broadest usually below the middle, cuneate-rounded at base; peduncles solitary in the axils, erect, about 18 cm. long, rather densely spreading-pilose, and pubescent with shorter uncinate spreading hairs, bearing two or three pairs of broadly ovate short-pointed pilose bracts about 5 mm. long, these connate on one side for half their length; raceme simple, loose, about 14 cm. long in fruit, the somewhat zigzag rachis densely uncinate-pubescent with short, stiff, spreading, yellowish white hairs; bracts suborbicular-ovate, about 3 mm. long, short-pointed, dry, striate, deciduous ; pedicels mostly paired, 5 mm. long in flower, 10 mm. in fruit, spreading or ascending, uncinate-pubescent ; calyx uncinate-puberulous and toward tip spread- ing-pilose, the upper lip suborbicular, emarginate, 1.8 mm. long (from base of tube), the lower 3-lobed to middle, the lobes ovate, acute, the middle one 2.5 mm. long (from base of tube) ; corolla deep magenta, 5 mm. long, glabrous, the banner obovate-orbicular, scarcely emarginate; loment on an erect uncinate- puberulous stipe 5 to 6 mm. long, 1 or 2-jointed, densely uncinate-puberulous especially toward the lower margin, straightish above, lobed about to middle on lower side, the broad isthmus dorsal, scarcely inflexed above, the joints oval- semi-orbicular, 6 to 8 mm. long (scarcely mature), 4 mm. wide, slightly in- flexed on the dorsal suture, broadly rounded on the lower, the persistent re- curved style glabrous except at base, 2 mm. long. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,087,058, collected at Los Amates, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 29, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7718). Meibomia prorepens is related to M. umbrosa Britton, of Jamaica. That species, however, is described as having the leaflets finely pubescent beneath and obliquely obtuse at the base, the bracts of the peduncle lance-subulate, the fruiting pedicels 2 cm. long, and the joints of the loment obliquely oblong, nearly separated, 8 mm. long and 5 mm. high. Lonchocarpus izabalanus Blake, sp. nov. Tree 8 meters high, with dense head; older branches gray-barked, glabrate, the younger olive-green, finely strigillose with rusty hairs and glanduliform- papillose; petioles 6 t6 6.5 cm. long, subierete, striatulate, pubescent like the younger branches; rachis 6 to 7 em. long; petiolules 5 to 6 mm, long, densely rusty-strigillose; leaflets 7, opposite, oblong to obovate-oblong, those of the lowest pair 6.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, the others 8 to 11.8 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, abruptly short-pointed, rounded or cuneate-rounded at base, papery, ob- scurely punctate, entire, above green, sparsely and minutely strigillose, glab- rescent, beneath glaucescent with glanduliform-papillose hairs, finely strigillose with whitish and rusty hairs, with some longer curved hairs along the veins. the lateral veins 7 to 9 pairs, prominent, the secondaries somewhat prominul- ous-reticulate; panicles axillary, cylindric, normally 15 cm. long (including the 3 to 5 cm. long peduncle), 2.5 cm. thick, dense above; primary pedicels mostly 2-flowered, 1.5 mm. long, finely strigillose like the rachis; secondary pedicels 0.8 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, rusty-strigillose, the depressed-deltoid teeth acutish, the lowest one longer and acute; banner suborbicular-oval, 12 mm. long, 9.5 mm. wide when spread out, retuse, slightly cordate at base and very short-clawed (claw 1.2 mm. long), densely silky-strigillose outside with subrufescent hairs, outside greenish with maroon border, inside maroon with 8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. green spot at base; lateral petals obliquely cuneate, strigillose toward base of lamina above, deep maroon, 11.5 mm. long (claw 2 mm.) ; keel petals similar to the lateral, strigillose toward base of lamina; staminal sheath white; ovary and style strigose; ovules 8. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 989626, collected on shore of Lake Izabal, Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, June 1, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7841). Although it is difficult to place this species definitely in the absence of fruit, it seems to be most nearly allied to L. luteomaculatus Pittier, which has a purple keel with a large yellow spot at the base. Its native name is “almen- dro.” OXALIDACEAE, Oxalis stenomeres Blake, sp. nov. Slender annual, once forked near the middle, 85 em. high; stem terete, pur- plish, glabrous; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, the leaflets deflexed ; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous or sparsely pilose above, the rachis 2 to 4 mm. long; lateral leaflets subsessile, elliptic-ovate, 3.5 to 6 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, oblique at base, obliquely emarginate at apex, thickish, glabrous, pale beneath; terminal leaflet narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 12 to 23 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, obscurely cordate at base, emarginate at apex, the spreading-pilose petiolule 0.6 mm. long; peduncles axillary, glabrous, 1.6 to 2.6 cm. long; cymes short, bifurcate, about 7-flowered ; bracts subulate, 1.2 mm. long; pedicels 1.5 to 3 mm. long, glabrous, jointed in the lower third; sepals oval-ovate, obtuse, membranaceous, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long, sparsely ciliolate with stipitate glands, bearing 2 or 3 bristles at apex and a few loose deciduous hairs at base; petals yellow, 6 mm. long: longer fila- ments appendaged dorsally, ciliolate above the appendage; styles 5, hairy; capsule oval-ovoid, blunt, 4.5 mm, long, ciliate on the angles. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989607, col- lected on open rocky hillside thinly wooded with pine, on trail from Los Amates to Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 31, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7791). Ovralis stenomeres is closely related to the rare O. angusti- folia H. B. K. (Lotovralis angustifolia Rose), but differs from the description of that species in its habit, its small lateral leaflets, and its somewhat pubescent calyx, RUTACEAE. Fic. 1.—Details Decazyx Pitt. & Blake, gen. nov. of Decazyx ma- : ' : crophyllus. a, Tree with alternate large simple punctate leaves; flowers Flower; b, an. White, in slender racemiform panicles; sepals 5, free, im- droecium;c, bricate, persistent; petals 5, free, imbricate, generally de- gynoedum en * ciduous; disk short, spreading, repand-crenate; stamens 10, gitudinal sgec- alternately unequal, united for about half their length and tion. Seale 4. deciduous in a ring, the filaments lance-subulate, the short anthers dorsifixed; carpels 5, coherent; style 1, short, thick, the stigma globose-ovoid; ovules 2, superposed, subhorizontal; one or two (rarely five) follicles maturing, coriaceous, dehiscing by the ven- tral suture and over the top; seed solitary, filling the pod, inclosed by the crustaceous 2-lobed free endocarp except at the hilum; embryo with flat oval cotyledons, in thin horny endosperm, the short radicle bent against the broad side of a cotyledon. Bg A4 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 3. DECAZYX MACROPHYLLUS PITT. & BLAKE. BLAKE—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 9 Decazyx macrophyllus Pitt. & Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 3. Ficures 1, 2. Large tree; branches rufous-strigillose, glabrate, grayish-barked ; leaves alter- nate, rather crowded, the blades cuneate-obovate, 18 to 28 em. long, 5 to 9 cm. wide, short-pointed, long-cuneate at base, pergamentaceous, densely punctate, entire, slightly repand, glabrous, somewhat shining above, paler green and duller beneath, the lateral veins 18 to 28 pairs, prominulous beneath, the secondaries loosely prominulous-reticulate ; petioles stout, sulcate above, gla- brous, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, somewhat enlarged at apex; panicles several toward tips of branches, probably subtended by reduced leaves, slender- cylindric, 18 to 27 cm. long (including the 1.5 to 4.5 em. long peduncle), about 1.8 cm. thick, rather dense, strigillose; primary branches of panicle 5 to 15 mm. long, erect, simple or forked, the usually zigzag rachis 1 to 6-flowered; pedicels 1.5 to 4.5 mm. long; bracts and bractlets triangular, persistent, 1 to 2:mm. long; sepals ovate, obtusish, subherbaceous, thickish, ciliolate and strigillose, 1 mm. long; petals rhombic-cuneate, obtuse, sparsely gland-dotted, glabrous, 3.5 mm. long, 14 mm. wide; stamens shorter than the petals, the flattened filaments hairy ; gynoecium shorter than the stamens, the pistils hairy; mature follicles broadly oval, erect, 4 mm. long, sparsely pubescent, densely ver- rucose; endocarp yellowish white; seed oblong-ellipsoid, 3 mm. long, blackish brown, slightly shining. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 989606, collected near Los Ranchos, Department of Copan, Honduras, May 6 or 7, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8453). 2,— De- tails of De- ic. cazyr ma. crophyllus. a, Fruit; b, seed in- closed in the crusta- ceous endo- carp ; c, seed in longitudi- nal section. A large tree, known to the natives as “ mangle,” and used for Seale 2.5, house building. This new genus is difficult to allocate satisfactorily among the subtribes of the Rutaceae, as the family is divided by Engler, but it clearly belongs to the tribe Xanthoxyleae and probably is a member of the subtribe Evodiinae. In this group it keys to the Old World genus Melicope, which is tetramerous and differs in many other characters. From the Decatropidinae, to which subtribe it proceeds in Engler’s key, it differs in the lack of a gynophore and in its simple leaves, as well as in its united filaments. The flowers are described as white from Mr. Pittier’s field notes, In the dried plant they area dull yellowish white with darker central portion. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.—Decazye@ macrophyllus, from the type specimen. One-half natural size. MELIACEAE. Cedrela longipes Blake, sp. nov. Tree about 27 meters high, the trunk 0.7 meter in diameter; branchlets fus- cous, glabrous, lenticellate, the older gray-barked; leaves alternate, 9 or 11- foliolate; petioles terete, sulcate above toward tip, glabrous, 7.5 to 11 cm. long, the rachis similar, 9 to 12 cm. long; petiolules slender, glabrous, sulcate above, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long; leaflets alternate or subopposite, the blades obliquely ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate or attenuate and usually somewhat falcate, at base obliquely and unequally rounded, 9.5 to 12 cm. long, 3.5 to 4.5 em. wide, char- taceous, glabrous, shining above, dull beneath, reticulate both sides with slightly prominulous veinlets, the chief veins about 10 pairs, whitish and prominulous on both sides; panicles subterminal, glabrous, nearly equaling the leaves, the peduncle about 1 cm. long, the panicle broadly pyramidal, 22 cm. long, 23 cm. 54203—21——3 10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. wide or more, the many-flowered branches and branchlets spreading at right angles, the cymules 2 or 3-flowered, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 2.5 mm. long, splitting irregularly, the 5 teeth deltoid, obtusish, obscurely ciliolate; pet- als 5, quincuncial in aestivation, narrowly oblong, obtuse or apiculate, 7.5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, densely griseous-puberulous outside, short-ciliate, pilose within, adnate to the column by a ventral ridge for nearly half their length ; column glabrous, equaling the pistil; stamens 5, shorter than the pistil, the subulate filaments 2 mm. long, sparsely pilose at middle, the oblong sagittate- based apiculate glabrous anthers 1 mm. long; pistil 4 mm. long, glabrous, the ovary subglobose, scarcely exceeding the stout style, the stigma 1.5 mm. wide. Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no, 989582, collected in clay soil at El Paraiso, Department of Copan, Honduras, altitude about 750 meters, May 8, 1919, by H. N. Whitford and L. R. Stadtmiller (no. 30). This species is easily distinguished by its glabrous long-petioluled leaflets. It bears the vernacular name “ cedro.” Trichilia izabalana Blake, sp. nov. Tree 8 meters high; branches olive-green, obscurely puberulous, glabrate; leaves alternate, 7-foliolate; petioles dully puberulous, somewhat flattened above, 5.5 to 7.5 cm. long; rachis flattened and sulcate above, puberulous, 9 to 14 cm. long; petiolules of the lateral leaflets 3 to 7 mm. long, of the terminal 2 cm. long, puberulous; lowest pair of leaflets disjunct, the blades oval, obtuse, normally 6 to 8 cm. long, 4.5 to 5.5 em. wide; two upper pairs of leaflets opposite, the blades oval to obovate-oval, 9.5 to 15 cm. long, 4.8 to 7.2 em. wide, obtuse or bluntly short-pointed, at base cuneate to rounded, papery, entire, glaucescent- green above, glabrous except for the puberulous suleate costa, beneath brighter green, puberulous along the prominent costa and sparsely so along the 9 to 11 pairs of prominent veins, elsewhere glabrous, the secondaries obscure; terminal leaflet obovate, equaling or sometimes smaller than the upper pairs; panicles axillary, slender-cylindric or in fruit conic-cylindric, less than half as long as the leaves, puberulous, the peduncle 4.5 to 7 cm. long, the rachis 5 to 7.5 em. long; primary branches of panicle short, the lower about 3-flowered, the upper 1-flowered ; pedicels 1 to 2.5 mm. long; calyx 1 mm. long, 5-lobed to middle with obtusish lobes, sparsely strigillose; petals 5, white, oblong-ovate, obtuse, 3.5 mm. long, sparsely puberulous outside; stamens 10, the filaments united for one-third their length, pilose on margin; anthers short, pilose; disk broad, cupular, embracing base of ovary; ovary subsericeous-velvety, 2-celled; ovules 2, collateral; style one-third as long as ovary, pubescent, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989604, collected on edge of woods along Rio Mosinga, Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, June 2, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no, 7863). Trichilia izabalana seems to be most nearly related to 7. oaracana Blake, but may be easily distinguished by its narrow panicle, odd-pinnate leaves, and evenly puberulous petioles. EUPHORBIACEAE. Phyllanthus capillipes Blake, sp. nov. Shrubby below, about 80 cm. high; stem slender, simple, or branched, glabrous, somewhat zigzag; leaves alternate; stipules subulate, subscarious, persistent, 1.5 mm. long; petioles very slender, glabrous, 3 to 13 mm. long; blades lance- ovate, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 11 to 21 mm. wide, acuminate, cuspidate, cuneate- rounded at base, membranaceous, glabrous, deep green above, pale beneath, pinnate-veined with about 6 pairs of lateral veins; flowers few in the axils, usually 1 pistillate and 2 or 8 staminate; pedicels of staminate flowers 5 to 7 BLAKE—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 11 mum. long, capillary ; sepals 5, about 0.8 mm. long; disk membranaceous, broad, 5-lobed; stamens 5, united into a column, 3 of the filaments free about half their length, the other 2 united nearly to apex; anthers vertically dehiscent ; pedicels of pistillate flowers capillary, 2 to 2.8 cm. long; sepals 5, broadly ovate, acutish, entire, imbricate, 1 to 1.8 mm. long, greenish-centered and pale- margined; disk cupular; styles 3, united at base, 2-parted nearly to base; stigmas capitate; capsule 3-celled, greenish white, glabrous, about 3 mm. long and wide; seeds brownish, curved, 1.8 mm. long, verrucose in about 5 lines on the broader face. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989594, collected in gravelly places at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 19 to 22, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8614). In many features this species agrees with the description of P. neogranatensis Muell. Arg., but it differs in the character of the stamens, which do not agree precisely either with those of the section Peltandra or of the section Kirganelia. Croton tragioides Blake, sp. nov. Erect annual, about 60 cm. high, much branched, often trifurcate near mid- dle; stem yellowish white, stellate-pilose with subsessile hairs, their knob-like pases persistent ; leaves alternate; stipules linear-subulate, entire, setose-pilose, about 1.8 mm. long, persistent; petioles stellate-pilose, 3 to 18 mm. long, bear- ing a pair of yellowish white peziziform glands at apex; blades triangular-ovate or ovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 1.8 to 3.7 cm. wide, obtusish, at base truncate- rounded to subcordate, coarsely crenate-serrate with entire or slightly dentate obtusish teeth, thin, green and sparsely pilose with mostly simple hairs above, beneath paler and more densely stellate-pilose; racemes bisexual, axillary, 4 to (at length) 15 mm. long, much shorter than the leaves, stellate-pilose ; pistillate flowers one or two, basal, their pedicels in fruit 2.5 to 3 mm. long; staminate flowers crowded, about 6, their pedicels 0.6 to 1 mm. long; bracts triangular, about 0.5 mm. long, entire, hispid-pilose-ciliate but eglandular ; calyx of pistillate flower 5-parted, the sepals spatulate-oblanceolate, acutish, slightly accrescent, subequal or 2 slightly larger than the others, stellate-pilose, in fruit about 3 mm. long; petals none; hypogynous glands short, lanceolate, obtuse. free, alternate with the sepals; ovary densely stellate-pilose ; stigmas 3, sessile, spreading, thickish, 2-parted nearly to base; calyx of staminate flower about 1 mm. long, the 5 sepals ovate-triangular, obtuse, sparsely hispid-pilose ; petals 5, oblong-ovate, acuminate to an acutish tip, 1.5 mm. long, ciliate near base with a few long hairs and sparsely ciliate at tip; hypogynous glands 5, ovate, obtuse, free; receptacle pilose; stamens 9, glabrous; capsule pale, subglobose, 4 mm. long, sparsely pilose with chiefly simple hairs ; seeds compressed, dark olive-gray, lucid, 3 mm. long, finely and obscurely impressed-punctulate in longitudinal lines, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989621, collected on shore of Lake Izabal, Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, June 2, 1919, by S. F, Blake (no, 7854). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tapasco (?): La Colmena, August, 1889, Revirosa 562. JuaTEMALA: Along roads, Livingston, February, 1905, Tiirekheim 8751 (also distributed as no. II. 1150). Weed, Livingston, April, 1905, Maron é¢ Hay 8777. Weed in banana field, St. Thomas, May, 1909, Deam 6056. Honpvuras: On railroad bank, plain of Sula, 1887, Thieme 246. Roadsides, San Pedro Sula, May, 1888, Thieme 335; September, 1888, Thieme 558.* Costa Rica: Savannas of Boruca, November, 1891, Pittier € Durand 457. ‘These three collections by Thieme were distributed under J. D. Smith’s no. 5465. ; 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. This new species is closely allied to C. glandulosus septentrionalis Muell. Arg., and is evidently of the same weedy nature. It is distinguished from that plant by the lack of either sessile or stipitate glands on the bracts of its in- florescence and by its smaller seeds. The specimens distributed by Captain Smith have uniformly been named Tragia nepetaefolia, which plant, indeed, C. tragioides closely resembles in general appearance. Caperonia pubescens Blake, sp. nov. Annual, 35 to 65 cm. high, simple or branched at base, erect or some- times creeping and rooting at base; stem slender, densely spreading-hispid- pilose and setose-hispid, many of the hairs thickened and glandular at tip; leaves alternate; stipules linear-subulate, hispid-pilose, persistent, 3.5 mm. long; petioles 4 mm. long or less, densely pubescent like the stem; blades of lower leaves oblong to oval-oblong, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse, those of the middle and upper leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 4.7 to 6 cm. long, § to 14 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, rounded at base, serru- late throughout with 20 to 25 pairs of acute teeth, deep green and rather sparsely hispid-pilose with simple hairs above, paler and more densely hispid- pilose chiefly along the veins beneath, the upper with 12 to 16 pairs of veins; racemes axillary, longer or the uppermost shorter than the leaves, hispid-pilose with mostly gland-tipped hairs, the peduncle about 4 cm. long, the rachis about as long; pistillate flowers solitary at base of raceme, on pedicels about 7 min, long; staminate flowers separated by about 1 em. from the pistillate, crowded above, on pedicels 1 mm. long; bracts triangular, persistent, hispid-pubescent, 0.8 mm. long; sepals of pistillate flower unequal, 3 larger, 2 smaller, united below, oblong to obovate-oblong, obtusish, slightly accrescent, rather sparsely pilose-setose with gland-tipped hairs, the larger 3 to 3.5 mm. long; petals not seen; ovary densely muricate, hispid-pilose and more sparsely pilose-setose; styles laciniate-parted into about 5 lobes; calyx of staminate flower 2.3 mm. long, hispid-pilose and more sparsely glandular-hispid-setose, unequally 5-lobed about to middle, the free lobes lanceolate to triangular-ovate, acute; petals 5, cuneate to cuneate-obovate, truncate to emarginate, white, glabrous, unequal, 3 larger, 2.8 mm. long, 2 smaller, about 2.3 mm. long; staminal column truncate-apiculate, glabrous; anthers in two whorls of 5, the lower with short filaments, the upper with long filaments; capsule subglobose, about 4mm. in diameter, hispid-pilose and more sparsely glandular-hispid-setose ; seeds globose, grayish, 2 mm. in diameter, finely puncticulate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 989603, collected in an open grassy plain at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 22, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7574). Also collected in essentially the same locality by H. Pittier on June 12, 1905 (no. 383). This species is well distinguished by its dense pubescence. Unfortunately no young pistillate flowers are present, so that the presence or absence of petals in them cannot be determined. Dalechampia molliuscula Blake, sp. nov. Twining; stem slender, branched, dull-pilose with loosely matted hairs, gla- brescent ; leaves alternate, trifoliolate; stipules subulate, herbaceous, deciduous, 2.5 to 4 mm. long; petiole dull-subtomentose-pilose, 6 to 15 mm. long; stipelules subulate, 1.5 mm. long; leaflets abruptly contracted into a petiolule-like base about 1 mm. long, the lateral blades obliquely ovate, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 3.3 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, truncate-rounded on lower side at base, oblique on the upper, crenate-serrulate with blunt depressed teeth, pergamentaceous, deep green above and sparsely pilosulous, densely so along the costa, glabrate, be- neath duller green and rather densely dull-pilosulous with spreading hairs BLAKE-—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 13 especially along the veins, prominulous-reticulate; terminal leaflet oval or elliptic, acute to acuminate, acute at base, 5 to 8 cm. long, 1:8 to 3.8 cm. wide; peduncles solitary in the axils, about 1 cm. long; bracts of the involucre sub- orbicular-ovate, in fruit 2 em. long, 2.5 em. wide, 3-lobed about to middle with the middle lobe smallest, 5-nerved, sessile, pubescent like the leaves ; calyx of pistil- late flowers about 8 mm. long in fruit, the 12 sepals Jinear, laciniate-pinnate above, pilose-spinose ; capsule 9 mm. wide, sparsely pilose-spinose ; style column linear, slightly dilated and excavate at tip, persistent, sparsely pilose-spinose, about 7 mm. long; seeds subglobose, about 3 mm. long, dull grayish, marked with about 5 lighter lines. pot Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989631, collected on edge of thicket at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 20, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7547). Related to Dalechampia triphylla Lam., but to be separated by its shorter and comparatively broader leaflets, these densely seft-pubescent beneath. Manihot gualanensis Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 4 meters high; stem stout, green, glabrous; leaves alternate; stipules deciduous, not seen; petioles stout, striatulate, glabrous, 20 to 23cm. long; blades orbicular in outline, 24 cm. long (from tip of basal lobes to apex), 25 to 29 em. wide, thin-papyraceous, 9-lobed to within about 2 cm, of base, the lobes obovate to rhombic-obovate, broadest above the middle, the middle lobe and some- times one or two of the lateral ones somewhat, abruptly repand-dilated above the middle, acute and cirrhous-tipped, entire on rarely obscurely repand-lobed above, glabrous and dark-green above, glaucous with a microscopic pulverulence beneath, the lateral veins about 9 to 13 pairs, prominulous beneath, the sec- ondaries few and slightly prominulous or obscure, the middle and upper lobes 11 to 16.5 em. long, 4.5 to 6.5 cm. wide, the lowest pair much reduced, about 4.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide; panicles several in the axils, 11 cm. Jong, many-flowered, glabrous, pistillate below, staminate above, the flowers nodding; bracts linear- subulate, entire, glaucous, 2 to 6 mm. long; pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; pistillate calyx greenish, glaucous, 12 mm, long, the 5, sepals lance-oblong, obtuse, 3- nerved, 4 mm. wide; disk fleshy, entire, 1 mm. ;high ;, pistil 6 mm, long; ovary subglobose, glabrous; styles 3, shortly. united at base, much lobed and lobulate; staminate calyx (not quite mature) 7 mm. long; glabrous, glaucous, in bud sub- globose, the 5 sepals oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, 3 mm. wide; stamens 9, glabrous; disk depressed, fleshy, 9-lobed ; ovary rudiment obsolete..; Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989599, collected on edge of woods, Gualin, Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, May 26, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7688). Manihot gualanensis seems from description to be most closely related to M. rhomboidea Muell. Arg., of Mexico, but it differs in its deciduous stipules and its 9-lobed leaves, as well as its smaller staminate calyx. Flowers occur in the intermediate part of the panicle with all or nearly all the stamens abortive, a large 10-lobed disk, and a definite ovary rudiment. Euphorbia stenomeres Blake, sp. nov. Erect, very slender annual, simple or branched from the base, 12 to 32 cm, high; stem greenish, glabrous, the branches short, filiform; leaves opposite ; stipules united, glandular-denticulate, about 0.4 mm. long; petioles stoutish, 1 mm. long; blades linear, 7 to 23 mm. long, 1 to 1.8 mm. wide or the lowest 2.5 mm. wide, often falcate, obtuse or acute, at base unequal, obliquely rounded or subcordate, obscurely or distinctly mucronulate-denticulate above or nearly throughout, thickish, glabrous, above deep green, beneath glaucescent, tripli- nerved, the lateral nerves reaching to about the middle; cymules few-flowered, 54203—22——4 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. terminating branches and branchlets; bracts minute; pedicels about 0.6 mm, long; involucre glabrous, campanulate, about 0.8 mm. long; glands 5, small, cup- shaped, 4 of them with white thickish suborbicular entire appendages about 0.6 mm. long; styles 3, oblong, equaling the ovary, bifid at apex; capsule gla- brous, greenish, with rounded angles, 1.3 mm. long; seeds oblong, 0.9 mm. long, 0.5 mm. wide, blackish, bluntly quadrangular, microscopically papillose, the faces with about three low broken transverse ridges, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 989628, collected on open hillsides wooded with pine, along trail from Los Amates to Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 31, 1919, by 8S. F. Blake (no. 7776). This species belongs in the section Anisophyllum, generally treated as a genus (Chamaesyce) by American authors, although its structural characters are of the slightest. It is related to Z. pulchella H. B. K., but apparently differs in its strictly linear, thickish, serrulate leaves. It may prove to be identical with that species, but in any case the name £. pulchella is preoccupied and so un- available. _ CLUSIACEAE. Clusia utilis Blake, sp. nov. Pate 4. Shrub 6 meters high; branches subterete, stoutish, gray-barked, glabrous; leaves opposite; petioles sulcate above, glabrous, 6 to 10 mm. long; blades cuneate-obovate, 5.5 to 8 cm. long, 2.7 to 4.5 cm. wide, coriaceous-pergamenta- ceous, obtuse or rounded, cuneate from near the middle to the base, entire, glabrous, deep dull green on both sides, scarcely paler beneath, papillose on both sides when dry, the primary veins about 15 to 17 pairs, straight, parallel, slightly prominulous when dry, the surface between them rather obscurely striate; pistillate panicles terminating branches and branchlets, about 5 to 8- flowered, glabrous, the peduncle about 6 mm. long, the branches wide-spreading, the pedicles stoutish, slightly clavate, 3 to 6 mm. long, the bracts deltoid, con- nate, obtusish, 1.5 mm. long; bracts at base of calyx 2, rotund, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, coriaceous; sepals 4, the outer pair suborbicular, broadly rounded, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, the inner pair similar but larger, about 7 mm. long, 9.5 mm. wide; petals 6, broadly wedge-obovate, rosy white, about 1 cm. long and wide, broadly rounded; ovary surrounded at base by a dense glutinous collar of connate staminodes 1.5 to 2.5 mm. high, bearing scattered, sessile, vertically dehiscing, 2-celled anthers; ovary 5 mm. high, subglobose, 6 or 7- celled; stigma sessile, fleshy, as broad as the ovary, bluntly 6 or 7-lobed; fruit subglobose, 12 to 15 mm. long, green tinged with maroon, surrounded at base by the persistent calyx; seeds about 6 in each cell, horizontal-ascending, sub- biseriate, pale grayish, about 3.5 mm. long, surrounded by the orange aril. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989595, collected on shore of Lake Izabal, Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, June 2, 1919, by S. IF. Blake (no. 7859). Owing to the lack of staminate flowers, it is difficult to place this species definitely. From description it seems to be close to Clusia parvicapsula Vesque, to which Vesque assigns a range from Cérdoba, Mexico, to Colombia and Peru. From this species (. utilis differs in its subterete branches, its smaller leaves on shorter petioles and with rather more numerous lateral veins, and its much shorter crown of fused staminodes, which bears rather numerous anthers. Clusia utilis is known at Izabal as “ quiebramuela,” in reference to the fact that the buffy yellow juice of the fruit is used on cotton for toothache. The young fruit, cut across, is used to stamp clothes, forming a wheel-shaped design, brown at first and changing to blackish on washing, which is said to be permanent. EXPLANATION OF PLaTE 4.—Clusia utilis, from the type specimen. Natural size. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 4. CLUSIA UTILIS BLAKE. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 5. MICONIA ANGUSTISPICA BLAKE. BLAKE—-NEW PLANTS. FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 15 MELASTOMATACEAE. Miconia angustispica Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 5. Small tree; branches compressed, subangulate, glabrate, grayish-barked ; branchlets compressed, hexangular, densely stellate-pilose with depressed sor- did hairs; leaves opposite; petioles stout, 4 mm. long, densely depressed-stel- late-pilose; blades oval-elliptic, 16 to 20.5 cm. long, 6 to 8 em. wide, shortly falcate-acuminate, at base long-cuneate, broadest near the middle, chartaceous, entire, above dull green, obscurely and sparsely tuberculate but smooth, be- neath scarcely paler green, along the venation densely stellate-pilose, on surface sparsely so, 3-ribbed (with an additional obscure marginal vein), the lateral veins about 27 pairs, prominulous, the secondaries less prominulous; peduncle (1.8 cm. long) and the straight rachis of the spikelike panicle (19.5 cm. long, 1.3 cm, thick) densely stellate-pilose with sordid-rufescent hairs; flowers ver- ticillate, white, sessile; calyx urceolate, 4 mm. long, truncate, minutely 5- toothed; petals (in bud) suborbicular, obtuse, externally puberulous; stamens 10; filaments glabrous, 2 mm, long; anthers lance-subulate, slender, 3 mm, long, with a short obtuse dorsal basal appendage; ovary 5-celled; style cylindric, straight. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989618, collected in clear forests at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 19 to 22, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8596). This species belongs in the group Haplostachyae of Humiconia and is dis- tinguished among the species of that group by its oval-elliptiec 3-ribbed short- petioled leaves. EXPLANATION OF PLatTs 5.—Miconia angustispica, from the type specimen. Natural size. Prosanerpis Biake, gen. nov. Corticicolous shrubs, climbing by nodal and internodal roots and rootlets; leaves large, membranaceous, dentate or denticulate, ovate, those of the pairs very unequal; flowers small, in small axillary and extra-axillary dichotomous fasciculate cymes; bractlets minute; calyx tube subglobose, abruptly con- tracted above the ovary into a short neck or the latter obsolete, the limb 4 or rarely 5-lobed, the inner lobes deltoid, acutish, adnate for most of length te the outer lobes, these oblong or rhombic-obleng, acute, hispid-spinose on margin, three to five times as long as the inner; petals 4 or rarely 5, quadrate-oblong, subtruncate, slightly retuse, about half as long as calyx lobes; stamens 8 (or 10), strongly inflexed (in young flower), glabrous, the linear filaments equaling the ellipsoid-oblong obtuse unappendaged anthers; ovary thin-walled, free from calyx tube except at apex, globose, 4-celled, the placentae extending into the middle of the cells and 2-winged at tip; style cylindric, straight, longer than ovary, equaling the petals, the stigma subcapitate, slightly broader; fruit a dryish berry; seeds innumerable, tiny, cuneate-oblong, straight. Type species, Prosanerpis trichocalyr Blake. This genus, possessing a habit decidedly unusual in its family, belongs in the Miconieae next to Henriettea DC., from which it differs in its obtuse, not beaked anthers, and its membranaceous denticulate leaves. An undescribed species occurs in Panama. Prosanerpis trichocalyx Blake, sp. nov. Stem woody, terete, about 4 mm. thick, climbing up tree trunks to a height of 2 meters or more by means of numerous chiefly adventitious roots and rootlets, closely appressed, sparsely branched, in youth fuscous and rather densely spreading-hispid with sordid hairs, in age glabrate and brownish; leaves few, opposite, those of the pairs very unequal; petioles of the larger 16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. leaves slender, striate, 9 cm. long, rather densely hispid with loosely spreading sordid hairs; blades ovate, about 19 cm. long, 11 cm. wide, acuminate, broadly rounded at base, finely crenulate-denticulate throughout, membranaceous, 7- nerved and prominulous-reticulate beneath, above deep green, evenly but not densely pilose-hispid and ciliate with ascending, scarcely tuberculate-based, dull white hairs, beneath loosely spreading-pilose on all the veins and veinlets ; cymes few, in axillary and extra-axillary fascicles, dichotomous, about 12 mm. long, few-flowered, densely puberulous with subglandular hairs; bractlets tri- angular, acute, denticulate, cuspidulate, subherbaceous, 0.8 mm. long or less; pedicels 2 mm. long or less, densely subglandular-puberulous ; body of calyx tube in flower 2 mm. long, subglobose, densely spreading-hispid and subglandu- lar-puberulous, in fruit 8 mm. long and thick, abruptly contracted into a free tubular-campanulate apex 1 mm. long; outer calyx lobes oblong or rhombic- oblong, acute, sometimes with two lobes near middle, hispid-spinose-ciliate, 8 to 4 mm. long, spreading in fruit; petals in young flower 1.2 mm. long, 0.9 mm. wide, oblong-quadrate, subtruncate, slightly retuse, glabrous, probably whitish or pinkish; filaments 1 mm. long, equaling the anthers; seeds 0.5 mm. long, white and yellowish. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989630, collected on tree trunks in tropical forest, Quebrada Mojanales, Department of Copiin, Honduras, May 16, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7476). MYRSINACEAE. Stylogyne guatemalensis Blake, sp. nov. Shrub; branches stout, terete, fuscous becoming grayish brown, glabrous; leaves alternate; petioles stout, sulcate above, glabrous, unmargined, 5 to 12 mm. long; blades oval or slightly obovate-oval, 6 to 12 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, very shortly apiculate-acuminate, at base cuneate, entire, coriaceous, deep dull green above, obscurely squamulate, beneath paler and duller green, evenly but rather sparsely white-papillose, glabrous on both sides, the chief veins about 28 to 80 pairs, prominulous beneath, curved-anastomosing near the margin, some- what anastomosing-reticulate; panicles pyramidal, subsessile, terminating branchlets, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long and as wide or slightly wider, glabrous, the flowers unbellate-clustered toward the tips of the branchlets of the panicle, on pedicels 2 to 3.5 mm. long; sepals 5, oval-oblong, 1.8 mm. long, rounded, free, dorsally elevated-punctate, coriaceous-herbaceous, with narrow paler margin, glabrous, entire; petals 5, oblong, 4.8 mm. long, united for one-third their length, obtuse or rounded, pinkish white, marked with about 5 rows of glandu- lar dots and lines, glabrous, imbricate, dextrorsely covering one another; stamens 5, inserted about 0.5 mm. above base of corolla, the subulate glabrous filaments 1 mm. long, the oblong anthers 1.7 mm, long, basifixed, dehiscent throughout their length, not punctate; ovary ovoid, 1.2 mm. long, glabrous; ovules 3, in a single row; style slender, glabrous, 2 mm. long; stigma small, subcapitellate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989596, collected in light forest at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 19 to 22, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8624). From the only other species known in Central America north of the Isthmus of Panama, Stylogyne laevis (Oerst.) Mez, 8. guatemalensis is distinguished by its shorter pedicels, its oblong-oval, entire or subentire sepals, and its rounded symmetrical petals. BLAKE—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 17 LOGANIACEAE. Plocosperma anomalum Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 2 to 5 meters high, erectish-branched, the stem and branches (1.2 to 3 mm, thick) in youth flattened, spreading-puberulous, in age glabrous, sub- terete, irregularly ribbed, gray-barked; leaves opposite, those on the older branches chiefly borne in pairs on axillary branchlets only 1 mm. long; petioles spreading-puberulous, 1 to 1.5 mm, long; blades elliptic-oblong or oval-oblong, 1.5 to 4 em. long, 0.8 to 2 cm. wide, emarginulate, at base rounded and slightly unequal, entire, slightly revolute, chartaceous, above deep green, somewhat shining, finely papillose-tuberculate especially near the costa, papillose-his- pidulous-ciliolate, beneath slightly paler green, in youth evenly but sparsely spreading-pilosulous, at maturity glabrous or very sparsely pilosulous, the costa immersed above, prominent beneath, the chief veins 2 or 8 pairs, leaving the costa below the middle of the leaf and prolonged nearly or quite to apex, like the secondary veins conspicuous and subprominulous above, less conspicuous beneath: flowers solitary or in pairs at tips of branches and short branchlets, the peduncle 1. mm. long or usually wanting, the spreading-puberulous pedicels 6 to (in fruit) 13 mm, long, erect or in fruit more or less decurved ; calyx 3 mm. long, 6-parted, the sepals subequal or one slightly the longest, lanceolate or lance-oblong, narrowed to an acutish apex, herbaceous, hispidulous- ciliate and more or less glandular and hispidulous dorsally, about 0.8 mm. wide; corolla purplish magenta, with campanulate-funnelform tube (6 mm. long), and spreading limb about 18 mm. wide, the tube sparsely pubescent on the nerves above, the limb ciliate, the 6 rotund lobes about 7 mm. long, 6 mm. wide; stamens 6, the filaments slender, glabrous, 4 mm. long, attached 4 mm. above base of corolla and decurrent to its base, the oval, deeply cordate, obtuse, dorsi- fixed anthers 1.38 mm. long; ovary slenderly ovoid, contracted above the short sterile crenulate base and then expanded, about 3 mm. long, i-celled, 4-ovuled, the ovules approximate at base of ovary in decussate pairs, roundish, erectish, parietally affixed on very short funicles; style about 6.5 mm. long, glabrous, 4-fid at apex, the lobes about 2 mm. long, terminated by clavate papillose stigmas; fruit fusiform-linear, 8.5 to 9 cm. long, about 2 mm. thick near the mid- dle, glabrous, striate-ribbed, apiculate; seeds immature. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989586, collected on dry hillside, Gualan, Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, May 26, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no, 7698). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: Gualin, June 15, 1909, Deam 6270. This interesting genus was based on Plocosperma buxifolium Benth.,*® de- scribed without definite locality from Guatemala, where it was collected by Skinner. It has apparently not been collected since. The only other species of the genus hitherto known, P. microphyllum Baill., has had an unfortunate history. It was described at length by Baillon in 1889," from the “collections mexicaines de Galeotti,” but no name was assigned to it. Later it was men- tioned by Solereder,’ without explicit reference to Baillon’s description, in the following terms: “ Pl. microphyllum Baill. MS., in Mexiko, ist von der ersten Art durch bedeutend kleinere B. und Bl. verschieden.” By error, this name is cited in the first supplement to the Index Kewensis as P. macrophyllum, This species is of special interest, since it resembles P. anomalum in the ar- ® Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 82. pl. 1195. 1876. 7 Bull. Soc, Linn. Paris 1: 780. 1889. ®In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4 2:50. 1895. 18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. rangement of its ovules, As the publication in which it was described is not easily accessible, the original description may be summarized here—P. micro- phylium Baill, Leaves similar to those of P. buxifolium, but only 1 em. long, notched at each end, few-nerved, short-petioled; flowers subsessile, very small, “un peu plus grandes que les feuilles,” similar to those of P. buxifolium 3 ovary 1-celled, with two linear parietal placentae; ovules all basilar and erect, usually only one at the base of each placenta, but sometimes two. Portions of Deam’s plant have been compared at Kew with Bentham’s type, through the kindness of Dr. Otto Stapf, who reports that they represent a different species, that of Bentham having leaves very distinctly puberulous below and not nervose or reticulate, the flowers being much larger, and the ovules, as figured in Hooker’s Icones, being in superimposed pairs, the lower pair erect, the upper pendulous. The flowers of P. bucifolium, moreover, are pentamerous. From P. microphylum Baill. the new species differs in its larger leaves and larger longer-pedicellate hexamerous flowers. APOCYNACEAE. Tabernaemontana amblyblasta Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 6, Shrub 5 meters high; branches subterete, glabrous, the younger green, the older grayish-barked ; leaves opposite; petioles glabrous, sulcate above, 6 to 17 mm. long; blades obovate-oblong to oval, elliptic-oblong, or rarely cbovate, 7 to 21 em. long, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. wide, abruptly short-pointed with the tip obtuse. at base cuneate to rounded-cuneate, entire but somewhat repand, deep green and more or less shining above, paler green beneath, glabrous, the costa impressed above, prominent beneath, the 11 to 13 pairs of primary veins prominulous beneath ; panicles axillary, 10 to 18 cm. long (including the 2.5 to 8 em. long peduncle), dichotomously divided, 7 to 14 cm. wide, glabrous; pedicels slender, 7 to 20 mm. long; buds obtuse, 8 to 11 mm. long; sepals 5, broadly ovate, broadly rounded at apex, 2 mm. long, thickish, with thinner narrow margins, each with a 4 to 8- cleft gland at base; corolla tube 9 mm. long, the limb cream-colored or creamy yellowish, 12 to 17 mm. wide, the tube broadest near the base, slightly widened above the middle at the insertion of the stamens, bearing 5 callosities at the apex within alternating with the stamens, the segments of the limb 5, obliquely oval-oblong, 8.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, rounded at apex, entire; stamens sessile at a point 5.5 mm. above the base of the corolla, the lanceolate-acuminate blv- ish green anthers 2.5 mm, long, included; fruit said to be yellow or green, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989598, collected on edge of woods at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 23, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7636). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: Edge of woods, Los Amates, Department of Izabal, May 29, 1919, Blake 7732. Shore of Lake Izabal, Izabal, Department of Izabal, June 2, 1919, Blake 7858. Honpuras: Woods, La Florida to Hacienda Espiritu Santo, Department of Copin, Honduras, May 14, 1919, Blake 7415. This species is most closely related to Tabernaemontana longipes Donn. Smith, which has pedicels 4 to 8 mm. long, acute buds, and a corolla 20 mm. wide, its lobes obliquely ovate, strongly excised on one side above, and inequilateral. This species, like so many others of its group, bears the varnacular names “chapupo,” “cojén,” “coj6n de gato,” and “cojén de mico.” At Izabal, and doubtless elsewhere, the juice is mixed with chicle for local use; it is also put on the flesh, with a piece of tobacco leaf, to draw out carnivorous insect larvae. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.—Tabernaemontana amblyblasta, from Blake 7858. Natural size, Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. TABERNAEMONTANA AMBLYBLASTA BLAKE. BLAKE--NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 19 ASCLEPIADACEAE. Metastelma collinum Blake, sp. nov. Root thickened, subtuberous, 2 to 3 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. thick; stems 8 to 5, about 0.5 meter long, twining or erectish, very slender, pale green, recurved- pilosulous in lines; leaves opposite, about equaling the internodes; petioles ciliolate, 1 to 2.5 mm, long; blades linear, 13 to 83 mm. long, 1.2 to 2.2 mm. wide, often falcate, acute, rounded at base, more or less revolute, subcoriaceous, 1-nerved, pale green, sparsely ciliate, otherwise essentially glabrous; cymules axillary, about 4-flowered, incurved-puberulous, the peduncle and pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 0.8 mm, long, the 5 sepals lanee-triangular, obtuse, glabrous or rarely with a few cilia; corolla campanuate, whitish, 3 mm. long, the petals trianguiar-ovate, 1.2 mm. wide, united for about one-fourth their length, thickish, narrowly whitish-margined, especially on one side, and obliquely emarginulate at tip, glabrous outside, densely pilose within above the base, toward apex and inside margin densely papillose-pilosulous ; segments of corona narrowly spatu- late, about 1.8 mm. long, 0.3 mm. wide, obtuse, considerably exceeding the pistil. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989629, collected on open rocky hillsides thinly wooded with pine, along trail from Los Amates to Izabal, De- partment of Izabal, Guatemala, May 31, 1919, by 8. F. Blake (no. 7793). Metastelma collinum is most nearly related to Jf. chiapense A. Gray, but dif- fers from the description of that species in having the stem pilosulous in lines, the leaves all much longer than the cymules, the petals densely pilose within below, and the corona segments considerably longer than the pistil. BORAGINACEAE. Cordia macrantha Blake, sp. nov. Tree 10 meters high; branches gray-barked, glabrous, lenticellate; leaves alternate; petioles glabrous, 7 to 30 mm, long, slender, naked, weakly sulcate above; blades elliptic-oblong or slightly obovate to oval, 7.5 to 15.5 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded, sometimes emarginate, at base rounded-cuneate or cuneate, entire but slightly repand, pergamentaceous, glabrous, above deep green, prominulous-reticulate, beneath paler green, prominulous-reticulate, the lateral veins 5 to 8 pairs, curved-anastomosing at their tips; panicles terminal, 7 to 11 em. long (including the 2 cm. long peduncle), 9 to 12.5 cm. wide, the branches wide-spreading, floriferous at their tips and there pubescent and glandular; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx 14 mm. long, oblong, glabrous, multi- striatulate, obliquely split at apex and there slightly beaked on one side; corolla marcescent, slightly pubescent within at base of filaments, the tube about 2.2 em. long, pentagonal, the limb about 4.2 cm. wide, the 5 lobes triangular-ovate, about 1.5 cm. long, 1.1 cm. wide at base, obtuse, impressed-veined ; stamens 5, inserted at apex of the proper tube of corolla, the filaments about 10 mm. long, pubescent especially at base; style very sparsely pubescent, 12 mm. long, twice bifid, the stigmas capitate; ovary glabrous, oblong, about 10 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989592, collected on dry hillside at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 18, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7498). Although the material on which this species is based is scanty, consisting of two branchlets bearing old panicles and two old and imperfect flowers, it is nevertheless sufficient to show the distinctness of the species. C. macrantha belongs in the section Varronia, as the genus is divided by Giirke, and may be distinguished specifically by its very large marcescent corolla. 20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SOLANACEAE. Physalis parviculea Blake, sp. nov. Much branched spreading annual, the branches up to 30 cm. long, slender, striate-angled, somewhat zigzag, whitish, obscurely puberulous in lines on the younger parts, otherwise glabrous; leaves alternate or paired, unequal; petioles slender, unmargined, sparsely hispid-pilose, 2 to 12 mm. long; blades ovate, the larger 11 to 15 mm. long, 7 to 11 mm. wide, obtusish, at base unequal.and trun- cate-rounded or slightly cordate, thin, entire, light green on both sides, above essentially glabrous except for the hispidulous-puberulous margin, beneath sparsely hispidulous with longer hairs chiefly along the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral veins; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding or deflexed, the pedicels ascending- hispidulous, 1.5 to 2 mm. long in flower, 3 to 4 mm. in fruit; calyx in flower campanulate, pentagonal, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, hispid-pilose below, 10-nerved, 5-toothed, the teeth depressed-deltoid, obtuse, ciliolate, 0.8 mm. high; corolla yellow with maroon eye, 4 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, shallowly 5-lobed with deltoid acutish teeth, ciliolate, pilose-barbate within near middle in 5 spots alternating with the stamens; stamens 5, inserted slightly above base of corolla, the somewhat clavate filaments 2 mm. long, villous-barbate within for nearly their whole length, the oval bluish anthers 1 mm. long; style glabrous, 3.5 mm, long; fruiting calyx subglobose-ovoid, obtuse, closed at apex, slightly sunken at the base, 13 to 14 mm. long, 12 to 14 mm. thick, equally 10-ribbed, thin, reticulate-veined, greenish white, sparsely curved-hispidulous on the ribs; berry globose, many-seeded, about 7 mm. in diameter. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989588, collected in dry river bed at Los Amates, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 9, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7318). This species is most closely related to Physalis lagascae glabrescens O. E. Schulz and P. micrantha Link. From the former it differs in its smaller calyx, small corolla, this pilose-barbate within near base and maroon-eyed, and smaller stamens; from the latter in its larger flowering calyx and equally 10-ribbed fruiting calyx. Physalis pentagona Blake, sp. nov. Spreading annual, the stoutish, sparsely branched, zigzag stem about 30 em. long, viscid and densely pilosulous with several-celled, straight or curved, spreading hairs, dull green; leaves alternate or paired; petioles slender, unmar- gined, pilosulous and viscid, 1 to 2 em. long; blades ovate, 2.3 to 4 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or subacuminate or obtusish, at base very unequal, cuneate to broadly rounded, entire, rather thin, dull green, densely puberulous along costa and the 4 or 5 pairs of veins above, beneath paler, evenly and rather densely pilosulous on surface, densely so on the veins; flowers solitary, axillary, the densely griseous-pilosulous pedicels 5 mm. long in flower, 8 to 10 mm. in fruit ; calyx in flower 7 mm. long, broadest at the deeply sunken base, gradually narrowed toward the apex, densely griseous-pilosulous, the 5 lance-subulate acu- minate teeth 2 mm. long; corolla yellow, 7.5 mm. long, about 5 mm. wide, puberu- lous outside and ciliolate, essentially glabrous within, the 5 teeth triangular, acutish, 1 mm, long; stamens 5, the flattened, sparsely pilose filaments 2.7 mm. long, the oblong anthers 2.5 mm. long; style 4.5 mm. long; fruiting calyx sub- globose-ovoid, 2.9 cm. long, 2.5 em. thick, strongly 5-angled with aliform angles, abruptly short-pointed with acute tip, closed at apex, sunken at base, rather weakly 1-ribbed between the angles, reticulate-venulose, firm-herbaceous, dull pale greenish, rather densely spreading-puberulous, the terminal teeth about 3 mm. long; berry globose, about 15 mm. in diameter. BLAKE—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HoNDURAS. 21 Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989589, collected in dry river bed at Los Amates, Department of Izabel, Guatemala, May 9, 1919, by S. F, Blake (no. 7313). Physalis pentagona differs from P. pubescens L., its nearest ally, in its shorter calyx teeth, longer fruiting pedicels, broader, abruptly short-pointed fruiting calyx, and much larger berry. Solanum calochromum Blake, sp. nov. Seandent shrub, glabrous throughout; branches stoutish, somewhat zigzag, subterete, glabrous, in youth fuscous-green and lucid, in age gray-barked, the in- ternodes 2.5 to 5 cm. long; leaves paired, very unequal, the larger on petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long, the blades oblong-elliptic, 13 to 21 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, acumi- nate or abruptly short-acuminate, at base cuneate and often unequal, rather thin-° coriaceous, entire but usually slightly repand, glabrous, above deep green, shin- ing, beneath scarcely paler green, less shining, the chief lateral veins about 5 pairs, like the costa prominent, especially beneath, curved-anastomosing toward margin, the secondaries loosely reticulate, prominulous, especially beneath ; smaller leaves of the pairs obovate-oval or suborbicular, short-petioled, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, 2.2 to 5.2 cm. wide, usually short-pointed; flowers about 6, in axillary umbelliform racemes, the axis 3 to 6 mm. long, the slender pedicels 12 to 17 mm. long, glabrous, slightly thickened above ; calyx cup or saucer-shaped, truncate, glabrous, 3.5 mm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, thickish, with thinner margin ; corolla bright purple, rotate, 11 mm. long, about 16 mm. wide, the 5 petals united for about one-fourth their length, elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, 3 to 5-nerved, hook- appendaged at apex within; stamens 5, the flattened filaments 1 mm. long, in- serted about 1 mm. above base of corolla, the elliptic-oblong obtuse equal anthers coherent, 6 mm. long, cordate at base, opening by small terminal pores ; berry orange, globose, 7 mm. in diameter, many-seeded. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 989593, collected on edge of woods, along trail from Hacienda El Limén to El Paraiso, Department of Copan, Honduras, May 12, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7370). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Department of Alta Verapaz, altitude 350 meters, May, 1900, Tiirckheim 7637; July, 1907, Tiirckheim II. 59. Solanum calochromum is related to S. heteroclitum Sendtn. and S. synanthe- rum Sendtn. The former, however, is described as herbaceous, with corolla 5-fid to middle, calyx subdentate and membranaceous, anthers free, and pedicels 8 mm. long; the latter as with membranaceous leaves, and corolla about an inch wide when flattened out. Solanum solitarium Blake, sp. nov. Erectish herb, about 3 meters high; stem greenish, sparsely branched, sparsely incurved-pubescent chiefly in lines; leaves mostly paired, unequal or subequal; petioles slender, 3 to 15 mm, long, flattened and incurved-pubescent above; blades oval-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3.5 to 11 em. long, 2 to 5.5 cm. wide, membranaceous, acuminate and often falcate, at base acutely cuneate, slightly decurrent on the petiole, above deep green, incurved-pubescent along the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral veins, sparsely So on surface or glabrous, beneath scarcely paler green, glabrous or rather sparsely incurved-pubescent chiefly along the veins ; flowers solitary in the upper axils; pedicels glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, 25 to 3.5 cm. long; calyx tube campanulate, 2.5 mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent, truncate and thin-margined at apex, the 10 herbaceous, narrowly linear, subulate teeth arising just below its apex, glabrous or very sparsely puberulous, 2.5 to 5 mm. long; corolla white, rotate, glabrous, 14 mm. long, 5-lobed for two-fifths its length, the lobes obtuse or apiculate; stamens 22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5, equal, glabrous, the filaments linear-subulate, 1.2 mm. long, the oblong obtuse cordate-based anthers 6.5 mm. long, opening by small terminal pores; style slender, equaling the stamens. Type in the U. S. National Herbarivm, no. 989602, collected in a clearing, Rio Mojanales, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 17, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7489). Also collected at the same locality, May 10 to 18, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8532). Solanum solitarium belongs in the group Lobanthes of the section Polymeris, as the genus is arranged by Dunal in the Prodromus. It is distinguished by the character of its inflorescence and by its flowers. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Russelia flavoviridis Blake, sp. nov. Frutescent, erectish, branched, 1 meter high; stem and branches 6-angled, green, glabrous, 1.5 to 3.5 mm, thick, the internodes 2 to 9 em. long, marked above with sessile cup-shaped glands; leaves opposite; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long, unmargined, in youth densely barbate-ciliate with white hairs, glabrescent, connected by a whitish or rufescent-ciliate ring; blades suborbicular or rhombic- suborbicular, 1.7 to 2.7 em. long, 1.5 to 1.8 em. wide, acute or obtuse, at base truncate-rounded or rounded, rarely subcordate, crenate-serrate above the base with 5 to 7 pairs of deltoid acute or obtuse teeth, coriaceous, above green, shining, along costa and toward base of the 4 or 5 pairs of veins spreading- pilosulous, otherwise glabrous except for the hispidulous-ciliolate’ margin, beneath pale and usually somewhat yellowish green, glabrous or very sparsely pubescent along the nerves, prominulous-reticulate on both sides and sparsely dotted with sessile cup-shaped glands; panicles axillary, short, about 2.5 cm. long, about 4 to 10-flowered, dotted with cup-shaped glands, otherwise glabrous: pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, dotted with cup-shaped glands, 5-parted, the lance-ovate seginents acuminate; corolla tubular, slightly widened above, 12 mm. long, bright red, glabrous outside, rather sparsely pilose within on the ventral side, except on the limb, with unicellular hairs, the upper lip bifid, 2 mm. long, with rounded lobes, the 3 lower lobes cuneate-quadrate, rounded, 3 mm. long; stamens 4, included, the filaments sparsely papillose- pilose at base, 11.5 and 13 mm. long, the staminode 0.8 mm. long; ovary 1.8 mm. long; style 7 mm. long. ' Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 989590, collected on an open rocky hillside thinly wooded with pine, along trail from Los Amates to Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 81, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no, 7790). This species seems to be most nearly allied to Russelia verticillata H. B. k., which has 10-angled branches and flowers 16 to 18 mm. long. BIGNONIACEAE, Adenocalymna punctifolium Blake, sp. nov. Vine; stem subterete, slender, striatulate, greenish, densely scurfy-puberu- lous, subglabrate; branches similar, densely crisp-puberulous and scurfy-papil- lose with griseous or rufescent hairs; leaves opposite, conjugate, the tendril often deciduous or wanting; petioles pubescent like the branches, 1.5 to 3 em. long; leaflets 2, the petiolules similarly pubescent, 1 to 2 cm. long; blades oblong- ovate or oval-ovate, rather abruptly short-acuminate, at base unequally cordate, 6.5 to 11 cm, long, 3 to 5.5 cm. wide, chartaceous, above deep green, somewhat shining, sparsely pubescent chiefly along the costa and veins with spreading rufescent hairs, finely prominulous-reticulate, beneath duller green, along costa BLAKE-—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 23 and veins sparsely puberulous or short-pilose, densely dotted with depressed saucer-shaped translucent glands; tendril when present simple, shorter than the leaves, pubescent like the petioles; flowers in terminal, sessile, about 4- flowered panicles, the pedicels 10 to 12 mm. long, densely rufescent-puberulous, bearing 2 minute deciduous bractlets above the middle; calyx in bud ellipsoid- ovoid, acute, at maturity campanulate, 10 to 13 mm. long, membranaceous- herbaceous, densely rufescent-puberulent and sparsely dotted toward apex with small, saucer-shaped, pale yellowish glands, split into 2 short lobes, the 5 small proper teeth more or less irregularly cohering in groups; corolla 5 cm. long, the tube and throat yellowish cream color and the limb creamy white, papillose- puberulent outside and on limb within, the tube narrowed above, 1.2 cm. long, the narrowly funnelform throat about 2.6 cm, long, the limb about 1.4 cm. long, the 5 lobes broadly oval to broadly obovate-oval, rounded, those of the upper lip somewhat the longer ; fertile stamens 4, inserted at base of throat, the glabrous filaments about 1.2 and 1.8 cm. long, the sparsely pubescent, widely divergent anther cells 2.2 mm. long, the connective tipped with 2 short blunt glandlike processes; staminode recurved, about 4 mm. long; disk thick, ring- form, about 1 mm. long; pistil 3 cm. long, the ovary 3 mm. long, densely lepidote, compressed contrary to the partition, the ovules about 40 in each ceil, sub- biseriate on each side of the partition; style glabrous, 2.5 cm. long; stigma 2 mm. long. . Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989627, collected in bushes at Quebradas, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 19 to 22, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8570). Also collected at the same locality on May 18, 1919, by 8S. F. Blake (no. 7502). In its densely punctate leaves this species suggests the genus Stizophyllum, but it has a different calyx. It is closely related to Adenocalymna flos-ardeae Pittier, of Panama, which has similarly punctate but larger leaves, more densely pubescent on the veins beneath, and a different arrangement of the flowers. Cydista pubescens Blake, sp. nov. Shrubby vine; stem stout, subterete, glabrous, grayish-barked ; branches dark fuscous, subterete, striatulate, glabrous or very rarely with a few spreading hairs, sparsely scaly-glandular ; leaves opposite, conjugate, terminated by a usually persistent tendril; stipules wanting; petioles stoutish, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, subterete, spreading-pubescent chiefly on the upper side with dull hairs, and scaly-glandular, in age sometimes glabrate; leaflets 2, the petiolules similar to the petiole, 1.8 to 2.5 cm. long; blades usually suborbicular-ovate, sometimes ovate, 7.5 to 13 cm. long, 4.5 to 11 cm. wide, abruptly short-pointed or acute, the apex obtuse or acute, mucronulate, at base broadly rounded, pergamentaceous to subcoriaceous, deep green, shining above, sparsely spreading-puberulous or pubescent with curved hairs, chiefly along the costa, and scaly-glandular, sub- glabrate, beneath dull, rather densely spreading-pubescent over whole surface or only along the veins with loose, dull, many-celled hairs, and sealy-glandular, prominulous-recticulate on both sides, the chief lateral veins 3 to 5 pairs; tendril glabrous, about as long as the leaflets, simple; panicles in threes termi- nating stems and branches, trichotomous, scaly-glandular, rather few-flowered, the peduncle 3 to 6 cm. long, the branches erect, the pedicels 7 to 11 mm. long, the bracts spatulate, about 9 mm. long, the bractlets subulate, minute; calyx campanulate, 7 mm. long, minutely 5-toothed at the truncate apex, coriaceous, densely scaly-glandular, obscurely ciliolate; corolla “ pinkish white,” 4.8 to 6 em. long, densely papillose-glandular outside and on the limb and within on the ventral surface, the tube 7 to 9 mm. long, the campanulate-funnelform throat 24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2 to 2.7 cm. long, the limb 1.5 to 2.3 cm, long, the 5 broadly rounded sub- orbicular lobes somewhat fluted ; fertile stamens 4, glabrous, the filaments about 1.2 and 1.8 em. long, the divergent anther cells 4 mm. long, the linear staminode about 1.2 em. long; pistil 2.7 cm. long; disk obscure; ovary 4 mm. long, densely scaly-glandular, the ovules in each cell in 2 rows of about 15 each, the style. 1.8 to 2 cm. long, the stigmas lobes rhombic-ovate, acute; pod linear, compressed parallel to the partition, 88 to 45 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, scaly-glandular ; seeds 6.5 long, 1.5 cm. wide, the entire wings scarious only at apex. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989615, collected at La Florida, Department of Copin, Honduras, May 10, 1919, by H. Pittier (no. 8488). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Trepic: Near Acaponeta, July, 1897, Rose 1527, 3283. GUATEMALA: Rio de La Paz, Department Jutiapa, altitude 960 meters, July, 1894, Heyde & Lur 6363. Barranquillo, Department El Progreso, altitude 545 meters, April, 1920, Popenoe 980. NICARAGUA: Sapoa, Department Rivas, altitude 35 meters, April, 1893, Shannon 5049. Gosra Rica: Liberia, Province Guanacaste, altitude 120 meters, April, 1893, Shannon 5048. PANAMA: Penonomé and vicinity, 1908, Williams 228. This species is close to Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers, but may be: dis- tinguished by its usually dense pubescence, C. aequinoctialis being entirely glabrous. The native name of C. pubescens is given as “ito” by Mr. Pittier, and as “campana” by Mr. Popenoe. The specimens here cited, excluding the type, were all distributed as C. aequinoctialis, with the exception of no. 6363, which was referred to Melloa populifolia Bureau. Macfadyena guatemalensis Blake, sp, nov. Shrubby vine; stem subterete, slender, gray-barked, glabrous; leaves opposite, conjugate, the tendril deciduous; stipules obsolete; petioles terete, striatulate, densely griseous-puberulous with spreading hairs, 2.5 to 2.8 cm. long; leaflets 2, the petiolules similar to the petiole, 1.5 cm. long; blades oval, 12 to 14 cm. long, 5 to 6.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, cuneate-rounded at base, chartaceous, above deep green, somewhat shining, finely puberulous chiefly along the costa, very loosely reticulate with scarcely prominulous veinlets, beneath dull green, evenly but not densely pubescent with spreading whitish hairs, the whitish lateral veins about 6 pairs, prominent, the prominulous secondaries very loosely reticulate; tendril not seen; inflorescence of one or two about 8-flowered racemes terminating a lateral branchlet, the axis 1 to 1.5 cm. long, sparsely pubescent, the persistent bractlets subulate, about 1.5 mm. long; pedicels glabrous, 10 mm. long; calyx campanulate, 15 to 19 mm. long, thin, coriaceous, dark green, glabrous, split half its length on the lower side, bearing a few saucer-shaped glands at base; corolla yellow, drying blackish green, 5.5 to 6 em. long, thin-coriaceous, glabrous, the tube 1.5 cm. long, narrowed above, the funnelform throat 3 to 3.5 em. long, the limb 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the 5 lobes depressed-orbicular, broadly rounded, plane; fertile stamens 4, glabrous,. the thickish filaments about 1.6 and 2.4 cm. long, the widely divergent anther cells 3.5 mm. long, the slender lanceolate-tipped staminode about 6 mm. long; disk thick, cupuliform, about 2 mm. high; pistil 4 cm. long; ovary slenderly ovoid, 5 mm, long, densely lepidote, compressed parallel to the partition, the ovules in about 6 pairs in each cell, definitely 1-rowed on each side of placenta. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989601, collected along the bank of the Rio Izabal, Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, June 1, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7845). BLAKE--NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 25 Macfadyena guatemalensis is apparently the first true member of the genus to be reported from north of the Isthmus of Panama. It seems from description to be most closely allied to M. mollis (Sond.) Seem., but differs in its glabrous pedicels and corolla, and in various other characters. ACANTHACEAE. Siphonoglossa discolor Blake, sp. nov. Herbaceous perennial, the stems several, branched, ascending, about 45 cm. long and 1.5 mm. thick, dull green, terete, sulcate, obscurely puberulous with incurved hairs, the internodes of the main stems 2 to 6.5 em. long; leaves opposite; petioles slender, naked, puberulous, 3 to 5 mm. long; blades obovate, spatulate-obovate, rotund-obovate, or rarely elliptic, 11 to 22 mm. long, 6 to 11 mm. wide, broadly rounded, obtuse, or rarely acutish, apiculate, at base acutely cuneate, herbaceous-papyraceous, entire, sometimes somewhat repand, above deep green, in youth somewhat pubescent, in maturity glabrate except for the hispidulous-ciliolate margin and the sometimes pubescent costa, beneath paler and yellowish-green, permanently hispidulous-pilosulous chiefly along the veins, cystolithigerous on both sides, the lateral veins about 3 pairs, obscure above, prominulous beneath; flowers in twos or threes in the axils of foliage leaves, subsessile ;bractlets 2, lance-subulate, incurved-puberulous and ciliolate, 2 mm. long; calyx 4-parted, the segments lance-linear-subulate, equal, 4 mm. long, ciliolate and puberulous; corolla magenta, 2.4 cm. long, spreading-pilosulous throughout, sparsely so toward apex of limb, the slender cylindric tube 16 mm. long, about 0.8 mm. in diameter, the throat short, about 2 mm. long, somewhat ampliate, the oblong-ovate obtuse porrect upper lip 6 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, the spreading lower lip 6.5 mm. long, about 10 mm. wide, 8-lobed, the lobes obovate-oval, rounded, subequal, 5 mm. long, 3.3 mm. wide; stamens 2, ents 3 mm. long, the connective inserted at apex of throat, the glabrous filam somewhat dilated, the elliptic-oblong glabrous anther cells unequal, sub- parallel, oppositely inserted, obtuse at both ends, unequal, 0.8 to 0.9 and 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long; disk prominent, fleshy, cup-shaped, about 0.3 mm. high, subentire ; ovary 1.2 mm. long, cylindric-ovoid, pilosulous above, 2-celled, with 2 ovules in ell; style slender, pilosulous to above the middle, 2 cm. long; capsule puberulous, 1 cm. long, 4-seeded, the sterile stipelike base seeds brownish, suborbicular, flattened, each ¢ clavate, spreading- nearly equaling the fertile portion ; verrucose, 2.5 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989619, collected on edge of thicket at Gualfin, Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, May 26, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7669). This species may be rec puberulence. Dianthera riparia Blake, sp. nov. Erect perennial herb, 60 to 70 cm. high, sparsely branched; stem slender, dark green, pilose or pilosulous in lines with spreading or recurved hairs; leaves opposite; petioles slender, glabrous, barely margined, 4 to 13 mm. long; blades elliptic or lance-elliptic, 9 to 14 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, attenuate and usually falcate, at base acuminte into the petiole, repand, membranous, gla- brous and cystolithigerous on both sides, deep green above, slightly paler green beneath, the costa sulcate above, prominent beneath, the 4 or 5 pairs of lateral veins curved-anastomosing at tip, prominulous especially beneath; spikes axil- lary and solitary, few, borne near tip of stem, pilose or pilosulous in lines, very slender, 12 to 17 cm. long, on a peduncle 4 cm. long or less, the internodes ognized by its obovate discolorous leaves and fine 26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1 cm. long, the flowers opposite at the nodes; bracts lance-subulate, attenuate from an ovate, sparsely ciliate base, 83 mm. long; bractlets 2, similar but nar- rower and not ciliate, slightly shorter; sepals 4, lance-linear-subulate, attenuate, sparsely ciliolate or subglabrous, 5.5 mm. long; corolla glabrous, 17 mm. long, white, the lip marked or lined with violet or nragenta-purple, the upper lip pale magenta within, the tube 9 mm. long, the upper lip ovate, obtuse, obtusely bidenticulate, 6 mm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, the lower lip 8.5 mm. long, 6.5 to 8 mm. wide, bearing 2 longitudinal folds about 1.2 mm. high, its 3 rounded subequal lobes about 2 mm. long; stamrens 2, inserted at apex of tube, the gla- brous filaments 4 mm. long, the connective strongly and obliquely dilated, the anther cells very oblique, obtuse at each end, glabrous, the lower 0.8 mm. long, the upper 1 mm. long; capsule 4-seeded, glabrous, 12 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, the stipe equaling the fertile portion; seeds brownish black, papillose, 2.2 mm, long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989620, collected along stream on trail from Los Amates to Izabal, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 31, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7800). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: Thickets along Rfo Techin, Department of Izabal, May 17, 1919, Blake 7491. This species is closely related to Dianthera breviflora (Nees) Hemsl., which is described as having broader leaves with 8 or 9 pairs of lateral veins, rather dense subsessile spike, glabrous bracts, bractlets, and calyx, and smaller earolla, with the sepals (6 mm. long) equaling the corolla tube. Dr. Stapf writes me that the type (Linden 184) of Rhytiglossa breviflora Nees, in the Kew Herba- rium, has a corolla measuring 15 mm. to the tip of the ventral lip, 12 mm. to the tip of the dorsal lip, with the glabrous tube 5 mm. long. CUCURBITACEAE. Anguria aurantiaca Blake, sp. nov. Herbaceous twiner; stem fuscous, striate, about 3 mm. thick, finely spreading- puberulous; tendrils opposite the leaves, spreading-puberulous, glabrescent ; leaves alternate, trifoliolate; petioles stoutish, finely spreading-puberulous, 5 to 5.5 cm. long; petiolules naked, 4 to 7 mm. long; blades of the lateral leaf- lets obliquely broad-ovate, 2-parted nearly to base, the lower lobe ovate, strongly inequilateral, acute or short-acuminate, broadly rounded on lower side and there with a blunt tooth toward the base, otherwise subentire, 7 to 9 cm. long, 3.5 to 4 cm. wide, above dull green, glabrous, pustulose along the nerves, beneath somewhat paler green, obscurely puberulous along the nerves, the upper lobe subequilateral, 11.5 to 13.5 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide, with a large tooth on the lower side near middle and slightly sinuate-denticulate ; middle leaflet rhombic- obovate, 13 to 14.5 cm. long, 5.5 to 7 em. wide, short-acuminate, cuneate at base, sinuate-denticulate, equilateral, the lateral veins about 6 pairs, prominulous on both sides; peduncle of the staminate spike axillary, slender, striate, essen- tially glabrous, 20 cm. long; staminate spike about 18-flowered, its axis 5 to 7 mm. long; flowers sessile; calyx oblong-cylindric, glabrous, the tube 11 mm. long, about 2.5 mm. thick, the 5 triangular acute teeth 2 mm. long; petals 5, orange, rhombic-obovate to rhombic-suborbicular, 4 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, densely puberulous on both sides; stamens 2, linear-elliptic, 7.5 mm. long, straight, dorsally affixed, the papillose obtuse appendage about 0.2 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 989585, collected on edge of trail from Hacienda El Limén to El Parafso, Department of Copan, Honduras, May 12, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7355). Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 7. CAYAPONIA MICRODONTA BLAKE. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24, PLATE 8. h SCLEROCARPUS PHYLLOCEPHALUS BLAKE. BLAKE-—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 27 This species enters the third group of the genus in Cogniaux’s monograph, and is readily distinguished by its very small petals and the dimensions of its leaves and calyx. Cayaponia microdonta Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 7. Twining herb; stem slender, about 1.5 mm. thick, striate-angled, densely and finely glandular-tuberculate, sparsely branched; tendrils opposite the leaves, slender, striate-angled, about 10 cm. long; leaves alternate; petioles striate, marginate above, finely subglandular-papillose, the naked portion 1 cm. long; blades broadly ovate in outline, 3-lobed about to middle, 7 to 10 cm. long, 6.5 to 8.5 cm. wide, at base broadly rounded and narrowly decurrent into the petiole for about 3 to 10 mm., the lobes obtuse or emarginulate and often mucronulate, the blade papyraceous, above deep green and slightly shining, evenly papillose- tuberculate and hispidulous with soon deciduous hairs, along the nerves tuber- culate-hispidulous, beneath scarcely paler green, densely papillose-tuberculate and glanduliferous, along the veins very sparsely hispidulous, the free portions of the lobes ovate, obscurely denticulate, the lateral lobes about 2 cm, long and wide or rarely obsolescent, the terminal about 6 cm. long, 3.2 to 4 cm. wide, the decurrent portion of the blade marked with large crater-shaped glands; staminate flowers solitary in the axils, on striate, obscurely tuberculate pedun- cles 2 to 3.5 cm. long; calyx campanulate, the tube 14 mm, long, 12 mm. wide, puberulous in a ring at extreme base, sparsely tuberculate-hispidulous, outside hispidulous-ciliolate, long-pilose within, the 5 triangular acute teeth 1.5 mm. high ; corolla cream-color with yellow center, the 5 petals inserted near the apex of the calyx tube, oblong-oval or obovate-oval, 15 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, densely and sordidly papillose-puberulous with subglandular hairs on both sides, long- pilose toward base within; stamens 3, the pilose filaments about 4 mm. long, the reduplicate connate anthers 11 mm. long, the connectives prolonged into oblong obtuse pilose appendages about 2 mm, long; ovary rudiment none. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989625, collected on edge of woods, Los Amates, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 29, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no, 7780). Closest to Cayaponia macrantha Pittier, of Costa Rica, which has more deeply lobed leaves with more sinuate margin, longer peduncles, and calyx teeth 2 to 3 mm. long. EXPLANATION OF Plate 7.—Cayaponia microdonta, from the type specimen. Natural size. ASTERACEAE. Sclerocarpus phyllocephalus Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 8. Erect annual with assurgent branches, or assurgent, 16 to 32 cm. long, the branches sometimes exceeding the main stem, opposite below, alternate above, like the stem greenish or fuscous, in youth densely hispid-pilose with spreading subtuberculate-based hairs, in age subglabrescent; leaves opposite below, alter- nate above; petioles hispid-pilose with ascending or somewhat spreading hairs, naked or slightly margined, 5 to 25 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 2 to 8 em. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, at base cuneately narrowed into the petiole, serrate with 6 to 12 pairs of obtusish, often depressed teeth, above dull green, rather densely hispid-pilose with ascending roughish hairs, beneath in youth densely subappressed-hispid-pilose with flavescent-griseous hairs, at maturity griseous; heads solitary at tips of stem and branches, 11 to 16 mm. wide, on peduncles 1 to 11.5 cm. long; involucre of 6 very unequal, l-seriate, foliaceous, spatulate to oblong-ovate, entire or serrate, petiolulate phyllaries, 6 to 20 mm. long, 1.8 to 7 mm. wide; involucre subtended at base by 2 or 3 ovate serrate 28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. bracts up to 5 em. long, precisely similar to the leaves; rays 6, neutral, orange or orange-yellow, the pubescent tube 2 mm. long, the suborbicular emarginate limb 4 to 6.5 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide; disk fertile, the corollas orange or orange- yellow, 6.8 to 8.5 mm. long, slender-funnelform, hispid-pilose above, the teeth lanceolate, 2 mm. long, bearing a tuft of deeper-colored hairs within near the apex; fruits all beaked, strigillose, bent, 6 mm. long, the body obovoid, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, ribbed and bluntly tubercled on the back and sides, the beak about 2 mm. long; achene obliquely obovoid, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, glabrous, dark grayish, striate, epappose. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989587, collected on railroad em- bankment at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 23, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7648). Also collected at the same place and date under no. 7642. This new species is most closely related to Sclerocarpus major Small, which has pappose achenes, rays with lamina 1.8 to 2 cm. long, and corolla teeth 5 mm. long. It is at once distinguished from 8S. divaricatus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. and S. orcuttii Greenm. by the fact that all its fruits are beaked, while in these species the outer fruits are not beaked although sometimes hooded. KXXPLANATION OF PLATE 8.—Sclerocarpus phyllocephalus, from the type specimen. Natural size. Wedelia parviceps Blake, sp. nov. PLATE 9. Suffrutescent or frutescent, or sometimes herbaceous, erect or ascending, usually much branched, 0.6 to 1.3 meters high, from a tuberous-thickened root 1 to 1.5 em. thick; stem and branches slender, densely and harshly tuberculate- hispidulous, glandular and usually spreading-hispid; leaves opposite through- out; petioles tuberculate-hispid and hispidulous, naked, 2 to 6 mm. long; blades lance-ovate to elliptic-ovate or ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 8 to 20 mm. wide (those of the branches smaller), acute or acuminate, cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, serrulate with 6 to 10 pairs of depressed obtuse or acute teeth or sub- entire, firmly herbaceous, above dull green, evenly and harshly hispidulous and ascending-hispid, the larger hairs tuberculate-based, beneath slightly paler green, evenly hispidulous on the surface, on the veins ascending-hispid, tripli- nerved ; heads 10 mm. wide, solitary or usually in threes, axillary and terminal, on densely hispidulous and more sparsely spreading-hispid pedicels 1 to 4.5 cm. long; disk campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. high, 3 to 5 mm. wide; involucre 3.5 to 6 mm. high, 3 or 4-seriate, subequal or graduated, ascending-hispid-pilose and ciliate, the phyllaries with indurate base and shorter, rather abruptly nar- rower, obtuse or acutish, somewhat spreading, herbaceous tips; rays 6, yellow, fertile, obtusely bidentate, the lamina oval, hispidulous dorsally, 4 mm, long, 2.5 mm. wide; disk flowers about 9, the corollas yellow, hispid at apex of tube, hispidulous on the teeth, 4 mm. long (tube 1.3 mm., throat narrow-funnelform, 1.9 mm., teeth 0.8 mm.) ; pales obtuse, scarious, hispidulous above, 5 mm. long; ray achenes with denticulate coroniform pappus cup 0.5 mm. high; disk achenes oblong, thickened but somewhat compressed, 4-angled, grayish, glabrous, 3.5 mm, long, 2.3 mm. wide; pappus a narrow denticulate cup 0.5 mm. high, in the ovary provided on the inner side with an awn or tooth 1 mm. high or less, this lost at maturity. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 989584, collected on dried river’s edge at Gualin, Department of Zacapa, Guatemala, May 26, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7681). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: GUATEMALA: Open hillsides wooded with pine, along trail from Los Amates to Izabal, May 31, 1919, Blake 7782. Secanquim, March 29, 1902, Cook é€ Griggs 301. Near Secaquim, trail to Cahabén, November 25, 1904, Goll 53. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 9. % ma he | ~ \ » ¥, wt Ay j- Kx Bg WEDELIA PARVICEPS BLAKE. BLAKE—NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS, 29 Honpuras: Open hillsides wooded with pine, along trail from La Florida to Hacienda Espiritu Santo, Department of Copan, May 14, 1919, Blake 7426. Nicaragua: In pine woods, San Rafael del Norte, altitude 1,200 to 1,350 meters, March 25 or 26, 1917, Miller & Griscom 59, 92, 94. PANAMA: Common in pastures around El Boquete, Chiriqul, altitude 1,000 to 1,300 meters, March 2, 1911, Pittier 2867. In savannas, Cerro Vaca, eastern Chiriquf, altitude 900 to 1,136 meters, December 25 to 28, 1911, Pittier 4346. Wedelia parviceps is easily distinguished by its very small heads. EXPLANATION oF PLATE 9.—Wedelia parviceps, from Blake 7426. Nearly natural size. Melanthera hastifolia Blake, sp. nov. FIGuRE 3. Erect or ascending, herbaceous, branched, about 2.5 meters high; stem stout, 7 mm. thick, subquadrangular, striate, whitish, immaculate, strigillose ; leaves opposite; petioles slender, naked, strigose and sparsely hispid, connected at base by a hispidulous ring, those of the main stem leaves 2 to 2.5 cm. long, those of the branch leaves 1 cm. long; blades of the stem leaves oblong-obovate or oblong, widest at base and there with a spreading hastate lobe on each side, contracted above the lobes and then widened, 9 to 11 cm. long, 3.5 to 5 em. wide at base across the lobes, 2 to 8 cm. wide above the middle, acuminate, at base subtruncate, then shortly cune- ate into the petiole, irregularly serrate-dentate with 20 to 30 pairs of triangular acute teeth, above deep green, slightly lucid, harshly tuberculate-hispidulous and along the veins ascending-hispid, beneath slightly paler green, hispidulous with incurved-ascending hairs and along the veins ascend- ing-hispid, pinnate-veined, the costa and the 8 or 9 pairs of curved-anastomosing lateral veins and the secondaries prominulous-reticulate beneath; branch leaves similar but smaller and often not hastate at base, the blades 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide; peduncles axillary and terminal, striate, strigillose, 4 to 9 cm. long, or rarely very short ; heads 15 mm. wide in flower, 7 mm. high, in fruit 11 to 12 mm. wide, 7 mm. high; involucre 3-seriate, equal or sub- equal, 4:5 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong-ovate, acute, Fie. 3.—Melan- 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, densely strigose and more or less hispid- thera hastifolia. : : A leaf of the type ciliate, appressed, indurate and pale below, the upper half ipertinell. 1 Dwee or only the tip subherbaceous; rays none; disk corollas half natural size. white, tuberculate-hispidulous on the teeth, 5.5 mm, long (tube 1.2 mm., throat 3 mm., teeth triangular, 1.3 mm.) ; pales abruptly acumi- nate, strigillose and dull greenish above, 5.5 to 6.5 mm. long; achenes plump- obovoid, subquadrangular, 2.5 mm. long, blackish, hispidulous at apex; awns 2 or 8, unequal, 0.5 to 2 mm. long, caducous; squamellaceous corona obscure. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989633, collected in ditch along railroad at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guatemala, May 22, 1919, by 8. F. Blake (no. 76014). I refer also to this species, but with some doubt, a collection made at the same place and date (no. 7588), in which the leaves are lanceolate or elliptic- lanceolate, obscurely or not hastate, and not contracted above the base. These plants bear the vernacular name “ flor de la vida.” Melanthera hastifolia is allied to M. nivea (L.) Small, but may be dis- tinguished by its foliar characters. 30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Melanthera linearis Blake, sp. nov. Fiaure 4. Erect or ascending herbaceous perennial, 1 meter high, sparsely branched, the stem slender, about 2.5 mm. thick, quadrangular, purplish-maculate, strigil- lose; leaves opposite, alternate in the inflorescence; petioles slen- der, unmargined, strigillose, those of the main leaves 5 to 10 mm. long; blades linear or the lower narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm, wide, acute at each end, serrate with 8 to 19 pairs of appressed obtuse teeth, above dark dull green, tuberculate-strigillose, beneath somewhat paler green, evenly but not densely strigillose, along the costa and the 6 to 18 pairs of slightly prominulous lateral veins short-hispid with barely ascend- ing hairs; peduncles few, solitary in the axils and terminal, strig- illose, slender, naked or 1-bracteolate, 6 to 14.5 em. long; disk 12 mm. wide in flower, 6 mm. high, in fruit 6 mm. high, 9 mm. in diameter; involucre about 3-seriate, 3 to 3.5 mm. high, gradu- ated, the phyllaries oval, obtuse or rounded, obscurely mucronu- late, appressed, griseous-strigillose, indurate, with short sub- Fic. 4.—Me- herbaceous tip; rays none; disk corollas white, tuberculate- lanthera hispidulous above, 4 mm. long (tube 0.7 mm., throat 2.6 mm., A tae “ teeth triangular, 0.7 mm.) ; pales strigillose, barely acute, 3.5 mm. the type long; achenes plump, blackish, 2.2 mm. long, essentially glabrous; specimen, aAwns 2, unequal, caducous, 0.8 to 1.7 mm. long; squamellae obscure. One-half Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 989632, collected in jr atad ditch along railroad at Cristina, Department of Izabal, Guate- , mala, May 22, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no. 7601). This species is related to Melarthera angustifolia A. Rich., but is to be sep- arated by its smaller heads with shorter blunt phyllaries and pales. Otopappus asperulus Blake, sp. nov, PLatE 10. Slender scandent shrub; stem terete, striatulate, about 2 mm. thick, grayish, densely and harshly tuberculate-hispidulous with spreading hairs, subglabrate; branches fuscous, very densely and harshly spreading-hispidulous; leaves op- posite; petioles 2 to 8 mm. long, spreading-short-hispid ; blades ovate-lanceolate, 5.5 to 8 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, often somewhat falcate, at base rounded, serrulate with 5 to 13 pairs of depressed mucronulate teeth, subpapyraceous, above dark dull green, rather sparsely and harshly hispidulous and short-hispid with lepidote-based ascending hairs, glabrescent, beneath rather sparsely hispidulous and short-hispid with mostly tuberculate-based hairs, these longer along the veins, triplinerved from near the base, the veins impressed above, like the secondaries prominulous beneath; heads about 12 mm. wide, campanulate, in axillary and terminal corymbs of 2 to 4, mostly shorter than the leaves; bracts spatulate, about 6 mm. long; pedicels densely hispidulous, usually about 5 mm. long, rarely up to 1 ecm. long; disk in fruit 8 mm. high, about 10 mm. wide; involucre 5 mm. high, about 5-seriate, gradu- ated, griseous-strigillose, the 2 or 3 outer series of phyllaries narrowly oblong, indurate, with reflexed spatulate herbaceous tips 0.8 to 3 mm. long, the inner indurate, oblong or oblong-oval, obtuse, appressed; rays 10, fertile, yellow, the lamina elliptic, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, 1 to 1.2 mm. wide, 3-dentate, hispidulous on nerves and teeth; disk corollas yellow, hispidulous on tube and teeth, 5 mm. long (tube 1.5 mm., teeth 0.8 mm.) ; pales acuminate, stiff, persistent hispidu- lous on back and above, 6 to 7 mm. long; disk achenes black, obovoid compressed, striate, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, narrowly white-winged on one side (wing about 0.2 mm. wide), broadly winged above on the other . Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 10. OTOPAPPUS ASPERULUS BLAKE. BLAKE—-NEW PLANTS FROM GUATEMALA AND HONDURAS. 31 (wing 1 mm. wide), the wings united with the pappus, the narrower passing : into a slender free awn 1 mm. long, the broader adnate throughout its length to an awn 2.8 mm. long; pappus corona denticulate, 1 mm. high, of completely united squamellae, adnate to the awns of the pappus. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989617, collected along banks of brook, Hacienda La Zumbadora, between El Paratso and La Florida, Depart- ment of Copan, Honduras, May 13, 1919, by S. F. Blake (no, 7400). This species is easily distinguished by its fine harsh pubescence and by the shape of its leaves. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10.—Otopappus asperulus, from the type specimen. Natural size. Liabum subglandulare Blake, sp. nov. Shrub 3 meters high; stem stout, oppositely branched, 8 mm. thick above, grayish, densely sordid-puberulous with spreading hairs, subglabrescent ; young branches densely and sordidly tomentose-puberulous; leaves opposite ; petioles slender, naked, sordid-puberulous especially beneath, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; blades (immature) ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, 25 to 3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneately narrowed into the petiole, subentire or obscurely repand- denticulate, subchartaceous, above deep dull green, evenly hispidulouws-puberu- lous with subglandular-based hairs but scarcely roughish, ciliolate with sub- glandular hairs, beneath griseous-canescently arachnoid-pilose and beneath the hairs densely glandular-puberulous with lucid brownish glands, glandular- pubescent along the veins, 3-nerved above the base and loosely venose below, the veins scarcely prominulous; panicles terminating branches, rounded-obovoid, densely many-headed, 13 cm. long, 10 cm. wide, sordidly griseous-tomentulose- puberulous and more sparsely pilosulous with straight hairs; pedicels 1 mm. long or less; involucre 8.5 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries very few (about 10), about 4-seriate, strongly graduated, the outermost roundish, dull brownish, sordid-pilosulous above, the innermost oblong-oval, obtuse, dull brownish with thinner paler margins, sparsely pilosulous and subglandular especially toward apex; heads in fruit about 8 mm. wide; rays none ; disk flowers 5 or 6; corollas creamy, 8.5 mm, long, the teeth papillose-barbate at apex, lanceolate, 38 mm. long; achenes hispidulous, 2 mm. long; pappus straw-color, the outer bristles squamelliform, 1 mm. long, the others aristiform, 7 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989583, collected in shrubby ground, Hacienda La Zumbadora, between El Paraiso and La Florida, Depart- ment of Copan, Honduras, May 13, 1919, by 8. F. Blake (no. 7386). Liabum subglandulare is related to L. caducifolium and L. deamii Robins. & Bartl. It is distinguished from the former by its obtuse phylaries and densely subglandular-puberulous stem; from the latter by its dense coating of glandular or subglandular hairs and by the lack of floccose pubescence. Hieracium hondurense Blake, sp. noy. Herbaceous perennial, erect, about 50 cm, high; stems one or two, slender, at base loosely spreading-pilose, elsewhere rather densely appressed or ascend- ing-puberulous, more densely puberulous on the branches of the panicle and there sparsely stipitate-glandular with dark glands on yellowish hairs about 0.2 mm. long; basal leaves about 3 to 6, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 4.5 to 6 cm. long (including the narrowed petiole-like base), 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse, mucronu- late, cuneate at base, thin, callous-denticulate, above sparsely long-pilose with loose white hairs, beneath spreading-pilose chiefly along the costa; stem leaves 2 to 4, the lower oblong or obovate, sessile or subsessile, similar to the basal leaves, 4 to 7 cm. long, 8 to 25 mm. wide, the upper one or two linear or elliptic- linear, 2 to 3.2 cm. long, 1.5 to 5 mm. wide; stems bearing flowering branches from about the middle, the heads about 15 to 30, loosely panicled, the pedicels 32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1 to 2.8 cm. long, griseous-puberulous and not densely stipitate-glandular ; heads yellow, 1 cm. wide, the styles dark; involucre cylindric-oblong, 8 to 9 mm. high, toward base slightly griseous-puberulous and sparsely stipitate-glandular, the bracts colorate at apex; achenes purplish brown, 3.2 mm. long, striate, glabrous, rather abruptly contracted into a neck 0.7 mm. long; pappus dirty-white, 5 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 989581, collected on open hillside wooded with pine, along trail from La Florida to Hacienda Espfritu Santo, De- partment of Copin, Honduras, May 14, 1919, by 8S. F. Blake (no, 7423). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED; Honpvuras: Open hillside wooded with pine, Hacienda Espiritu Santo, May 15, 1919, Blake 7434. This species is closest to Hieracium comatum Fries, which has a much hairier stem, thicker leaves, considerably shorter involucre, and smaller achenes, these ‘not conspicuously contracted above into a neck. , INDEX. [Synonyms in italic. . Page. Acanthaceae ...------------------ 25 Achras -_------------------------ 2 Adenocalymna flos-ardeae ---------- 23 punctifolium —~---------------- 22 Aguacatillo *--------------------- 4 Almendro__---------------------- 8 Anguria aurantiaca_.------------- 26 Anisophyllum (section of Euphor- bia) ----_--------------------- 14 Apocynaceae_-_------------------- 18 Asclepiadaceae _-.---------------- 19 Asteraceae_______---------------- 27 Bignoniaceae_-—-~--------~------- 22 Boraginaceae _------------------- 19 Campana —_-.-------------------- 24 Caperonia pubescens ~------------- 12 Cayaponia macrantha ~-~---------- 27 microdonta —----------------- 37 Cedrela longipes ------------------ 9 Cedro __-___--------------------- 10 Chamaesyce ~~------------------- 14 Chapupo _.---------------------- 18 Clusia parvicapsula ~----~---------- 14 utilis _.____.---------------- 14 Clusiaceae__--------------------- 14 Cojén____----------------------- 18 Cojon de gato ___----------------- 18 Cojén de mico -_------------------ 18 Cordia macrantha ~--~-~----------- 19 Croton glandulosus septentrionalis —- 12 tragioides -_----------------- 11,12 Cucurbitaceae____---------------- 26 Cydista aequinoctialis ------------- 24 pubescens —~_--------------~--- 23, 24 Cyperaceae _---_~---------------- 2 Dalechampia molliuscula-—--------- 12 triphylla __------------------ 13 Decazyx macrophyllus_------------ 9 Desmodium lunatum —~~------------ 6 purpusti_______-------------- 6 Dianthera breviflora _--~----------- 26 riparia _..------------------- 25 Dorstenia contrajerva ~~~---------- 8 houstoni ____---~--=------ 3 tenuiloba__-------------- 2 . Drymaria cordata ~----~----------- 4 idiopoda____----------------- 4 Eupatorium ~---~---------------- 2 Euphorbia pulchella_.------------- 14 stenomeres —_---------------- 18 Euphorbiaceae ------------------- 10 Fabaceae_____------------------- 4 Flor de la vida _------------------ 29 Fuirena bulbipes__---------------- 2 umbellata _____-------------- 2 Page number of principal entries in heavy-faced type.] Page Guambo _-__--------------------- 4 Haplostachyae (series of Miconia) --- 15 Heisteria acuminata ~..----------- 3 coecinea_____--------+-------- 3 media _....-_---.------------ 8 Henriettea__...-----------~------ 15 Hieracium comatum_-_-~~----------- 32 hondurense —~----~----~--------- $1 Ito _-.----...-~-----=-+------- <4 24 Kirganelia (section of Phyllanthus) - 11 Lauraceae _--.------------------- 3 Liabum caducifolium ~_------------ 31 deamii _.-----_-------------- 31 subglandulare ~.-------------- 31 Lobanthes (group of Solanum) ----- 22 Loganiaceae _--.----------------- 17 Lonchocarpus izabalanus----------- q luteomaculatus --------------- 8 Lotozalis angustifolia —~------------ 8 Macfadyena guatemalensis --------- 24, 25 mollis____.------------------ 25 Mangle____---------------------- 9 Manihot gualanensis ~------------- 13 rhomboidea —-__--------------- 13 Meibomia albida _-----~------------ 5, 6 axillaris________------------- 6 sintenisii______-_--------- 6 lunata ---------------------- 6 macrodesma —_~~--~---------- 6 prorepens-_-_-—-------~--------- 6,7 purpusii__—.-.--------------- 6 umbrosa-—---~-~--~------------- 7 Melanthera angustifolia ~_.-------- 30 hastifolia____-_--------------- 29 linearis _..------~----------- 30 nivea _..-__----------------- 29 Melastomataceae —~--~-~----------- 15 Meliaceae______------------------ 9 Melicope ------------------------ 9 Melloa populifolia ~--------------- 24 Metastelma chiapense_-—----------- 19 collinum___-~-----~----------- 19 Miconia angustispica-------------- 15 Moraceae__---------------------- 2 Myrsinaceae ~-------------------- 16 | Nephromeria (section of Meibomia) — 6 | Olacaceae___-----~~---~-------~---- 3 | Otopappus asperulus —~~----------- 30 Oxalidaceae___-----~------------- 8 Oxalis angustifolia_—--------------- 8 stenomeres_—----------------- 8 Peltandra (section of Phyllanthus) - 11 Phoebe ambigens ~---------------- 3 Phyllanthus capillipes------------ 10 neogranatensis —~----~-------- 11 INDEX. X Page. Physalis lagascae glabrescens__-___ 20 micrantha ~.~----__.--_-____- 20 parviculea ________ naan ee eee 20 pentagona ~~~ ~~~ 20, 21 pubescens________.--_- 21 Plocosperma anomalum___________~ 17 buxifolium______________ wenn 17,18 macrophyllum_—.~.-.-..------- 17 microphyllum ~__-____-_---- -- 17,18 Polymeris (section of Solanum) ____ 22 Prosanerpis trichocalyx _._________ 15 Quiebramuela _..--.-__--.--_____- 14 Rhaptostylum acuminatum____-—- 3 Rhytiglossa breviflora______.----__ 26 Russelia flavoviridis-_._._.._.___._____ 22 verticillata _..--..--_____-___ 22 Rutaceae ~...--.-__--- 8 Sclerocarpus divaricatus_._._..____ 28 major—-—.-.---.-..---.-.-.--- 28 orcuttii --------__-----_--_-. 28 phyllocephalus ~...____-______ 27 Scrophulariaceae ______-_ 29 O Page Silenaceae ~-_--_--_ 0 _ 4 Siphonoglossa discolor__.._.-______ 25 Solanaceae______________ 20 Solanum calochromum____—. ~~~. .__ 21 heteroclitum —~_____-_________- 21 solitarium ~-_-.--_-._-__-____ 21,22 synantherum______~_~ ~~ 21 Stizophyllum___-__-_-- 23 Stylogyne guatemalensis___________ 16 laevis ---_--_--______ ek 16 Stylosanthes eriocarpa —-__________ 4 hamata ~---_______ 5 procumbens_..------------- -- 5 Styposanthes (section of Stylosan- thes) ------_-__- eee 5 Tabernaemontana amblyblastat_—___ 18 longipes____.---_--_-_-_-____ 18 Tragia nepetaefolia__._.________ —— 12 Trichilia izabalana _...--....-...- 10 oaxacana —__~-__ ee 10 Varronia (section of Cordia)_______ 19 Wedelia parviceps _-.--_--________ 28, 29 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLuME 24, ParT 2 STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—No. 7 By WILLIAM R. MAXON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1922 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. II PREFACE. The present paper, by Mr. William R. Maxon, Associate Curator of the National Herbarium, is the seventh of a series begun in volume 10 of the Contributions, in 1908, placing on record results of his studies of tropical American ferns. Of special interest are the re- vision of a difficult subgroup of tree ferns of the genus Alsophila, and the description of a curious new genus of dryopteroid ferns from the West Indies, Atalopteris. Frepertck V. Covitie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. poee Iv ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C, AT 10 CENTS PER COPY Vv CONTENTS. Introduction... 2.2.0.2... The North American species of Alsophila grouped with A.armata...... A singular new Alsophila from Panama Notes on Dicranopteris The Jama ican species of Cheilanthes . Pr ed Pe Two new species of Polystichum from the West Indies... 1... ...+-- Atalopteris, a new genus of dryopteroid ferns from the West Indies. ... . Three new species of Dryopteris, subgenus Stigmatopteris. . . . + + ee es Miscellaneous notes ........ Index. ........4. ee Puiate 11 12, 1s, 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. Pe re ILLUSTRATIONS. . Alsophila strigillosa Maxon Alsophila notabilis Maxon Alsophila stipularis Christ Alsophila acutidens Christ Alsophila trichiata Maxon . Alsophila swartziana Mart Alsophila williamsit Maxon Polystichum killipti Maxon PLATES. Facing page. rd Pe i ed a a a Dicranopteris brittontt Maxon. . . 1. ee es Polystichum deminuens Maxon... - ee 0 ee te es a 64 64 64 Ot 64 64 64 64 64 64 STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—NO. 7. By Wittram R. Maxon, INTRODUCTION. In the following paper are brought together additional results of the writer’s studies of tropical American ferns, of which six install- ments have been published under the same title in earlier numbers of the Contributions, beginning with volume 10, THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ALSOPHILA GROUPED WITH A, ARMATA. The North American tree ferns of the genus Alsophila which are related to the species known usually as A. armata are limited by Hooker and Baker in the Synopsis Filicum to the following: AJso- phila ferox Presl, which is said to be spread throughout the whole of tropical America; A. armata (Swartz) Presl, of similar distribu- tion, A. bécrenata (Liebm.) Fourn. being cited at a synonym; 4. god- mani Hook., described as a new species from Guatemala; A. meai- cana Mart., ascribed only to Mexico, with a short abridged descrip- tion and a citation of Martius’s excellent illustration; and, finally, A, myosuroides Liebm., with a brief paraphrase of Liebmann’s de- scription and the following remarkable comment: “The author seems to allude to an affinity with Als. armata, Pr. I possess copious specimens from Dr. Liebmann gathered in Mexico, and from the Copenhagen Garden, where it is cultivated, but, save in the caudate apices of the pinnules, it possesses scarcely any distinguishing char- acters.” Of the species just mentioned, A. ferox is universally regarded as valid, but under the name A. microdonta Desv.; A. armata (Swartz) Presl is likewise valid, though to be known as A. swartziana, under the American Code; A. bicrenata, confined to Mexico, is entirely valid and is so cited by Christensen; A. godmani is identical with A. mexicana, as should have been readily apparent from Martius’s plate and critical notes; and A. myosuroides is an extremely well marked species since found to have a wide range in the lowlands from southern Mexico to Honduras and in western Cuba. 33 34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ‘lhe list of valid species in this group has been increased by Christ, who about 15 years ago described Alsophila stipularis, A. ichtyolepis, and A. acutidens, all from Costa Rica. The last is very distinct, and is well described from three collections at a single locality. Alsophila stipularis also proves to be valid, athough the original description, drawn from specimens lacking precise data, is short and comparative. Alsophila ichtyolepis, described from four collections, is almost com- pletely synonymous with A. stipularis. The present review is based upon studies carried out at intervals for several years past. One species, A. scabriuscula, has been de- scribed by the writer in the meantime from Guatemala and Mexico. Five are now described as new: A, notabilis and A. nesiotica, from Cocos Island, off the west coast of Costa Rica: A. trichiata, from Panama and Costa Rica; A. pansamalana, from Alta Verapaz; and A. strigillosa, which is apparently a very rare Cuban plant. Several of these are figured. The group of A. armata, which is fairly well marked, is made up of species which, as is usually true in the tree ferns, have definite, rather restricted ranges and which to be well understood or properly described must be studied in comparison with each other. In addi- tion to the gross characters common to the group they possess minute but distinctive differences in cutting and in the character and dispo- sition of scales and hairy covering, whose value for purposes of classification may otherwise be overlooked. _ The general characters hardly need extensive description. The blades are not quite tripinnate, the pinnules mostly being cut to about 1 mm. from the costa. The segments, which range from oblong to linear and from nearly straight to falcate, are thus joined at their dilatate base, the acutish, polygonal, or sometimes subquadrate sin- uses often having a translucent yellowish callus at their middle. In cutting, the segments range from serrate or crenate-serrate to in- cised or even truly pinnatifid, and the margins of the various-sized teeth or lobes differ similarly, though not to the same degree. The branching of the veins shows great diversity, and in consequence the position of the sori with respect to the costule. Characters afforded by the paraphyses are both diverse and dependable. In hairiness, the vascular parts, from the primary rachis to the ultimate veins, are remarkably constant for a given species. In some species the hairs of the primary rachis are at first so close-set as to cover the surface completely, and yet are so completely detergible with age, or upon abrasion, as to leave no trace whatever upon the lustrous surface, which is absolutely smooth to the touch. In others, with stiffer hairs, the surface of the rachis never becomes smooth to the touch, even at extreme age, but is invariably scabrous from the persistence of the inflated tuberculate bases of the hairs. Hairs of MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 35 the inflated septate type are common to the secondary rachises, costae, and costules of all (excepting A. strigillosa, in part), and differ greatly in abundance, color, length, rigidity, and thickness. Many of these differences are indicated in the key. Alsophila microdonta is the only included species with distinctly spiny secondary rachises. KEY TO SPECIES. Primary rachis strongly aculeate throughout; secondary rachis also aculeate, the spines slender, up to 5 mm. long. Paraphyses very numerous, flaccid, moniliform, persistent in a lax tuft-.__-____-_--_--------- 1, A. microdonta, Primary rachis (no. 5 excepted) slightly, if at all, aculeate above the base; secondary rachis smooth or merely muricate. Costae and costules (of the fertile pinnae, at least) devoid of spreading sep- tate hairs beneath, but together with the veins minutely and persistently strigillose__.______-___________ ee eee e+ +--+ 2. A. strigillosa. Costae and costules hirsutulous to long-hirsute beneath with pale septate hairs, other pubescence present or lacking. Pinnules, all or several, distinctly stalked. Segments 20 to 30 pairs, oblique, linear to linear-oblong, acute, serrate; pinnules attenuate to caudate, mostly stalked____3. A. myosuroides. Segments about 15 pairs, spreading, oblong, obtuse or muticous, coarsely dentate; pinnules acute, only the lower ones stalked. 4. A. notabilis. Pinnules sessile. Primary rachis apparently glabrous, the few or minute hairs easily abraded, perfectly deciduous. Spines present on the primary rachis, acicular, up to 4 mm, long; pin- nules 25 to 30 pairs; segments about 25 pairs, long-hirsute beneath upon the costule and the base of the veins____5. A. pansamalana. Spines absent, the primary rachis distantly muricate only; pinnules about 40 pairs; segments about 30 pairs, hirtellous beneath along the costule and the veins throughout____-________ 6. A. stipularis. Primary rachis at first densely pubescent or hirsute with close-Set sep- tate hairs, at length invariably scabrous from their persistent in- flated bases. Fertile segments truly pinnatifid; primary and secondary rachises with occasional large flat persistent white scales______ 7. A. mexicana. Fertile segments crenate-serrate or crenate-dentate to serrately in- cised ; rachises devoid of large white scales. Segments serrately incised. Pinnules 20 to 25 pairs, 7 to 11 cm. long; segments 18 to 20 pairs, narrowly oblong_____----------------------- 8. A. acutidens. Pinnules 30 to 35 pairs, 10 to 15 cm. long; segments 25 to 30 pairs, linear ______-_-__-__--__---_------------- 9. A. scabriuscula. Segments crenate-serrate or crenate-dentate. Costules and veins merely hirsute beneath, a strigillose uncer- covering wanting; paraphyses dark red, turgid, persistent. 10. A. nesiotica. Costules and veins densely strigillose beneath, also hirsute (ex- cept the veins of A. bicrenata) ; paraphyses hyaline, flaccid. mostly deciduous. 89330—22——2 36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Segments copiously hispid above upon the costule, veins, and leaf tissue, nearly devoid of bullate scales beneath. 11. A. trichiata. Segments glabrous above, or with a few spinous hairs along the costule, bearing numerous small white or pale yellow roundish scales beneath near the base of the veins. Costules hirsute beneath, the veins devoid of long hairs; seg- ments glabrous above_________________.12. A. bicrenata. Costules and veins hirsute beneath; segments with a few spinous hairs above, these usually confined to the costule. 13. A. swartziana. 1. Alsophila microdonta Desv. Mém. Soc, Linn. Paris 6: 319. 1827. Polypodium microdonton Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 319. 1811, Polypodium aculeatum Raddi, Opuse. Sci. Bologna 3: 288. 1819; Pl. Bras. 1: 27. pl. 42. 1825. Not P. aculeatum L. 1753. Alsophila armata Mart. Icon. Pl. Crypt. 72. pl. 28, 48. 1834. Not A. armata (Swartz) Presl, 1836. Alsophila ferox Presl, Tent. Pter. 62. 1836. Caudex erect, 1 to 5 meters high, slender, only a few cm. thick; fronds few, arcuate-spreading, 2 to 2.5 meters long; stipes up to 1 meter long, light brown, lustrous, glabrate, freely aculeate, the spines mostly distant, narrowly conical, curved, up to 1 cm. long; blades ovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, up to 1.5 meters long and 1.2 meters broad, subtripinnate, the primary rachis brown or yellowish brown, armed with distant long pungent spines throughout; pinnae petiolate, narrowly oblong, acuminate, 30 to 60 cm. long, 10 to 25 em. broad, the secondary rachis densely yellowish-strigose above, thinly and deciduously scurfy-hirtellous beneath and distantly aculeate, the spines subacicular, spread- ing or retrorse, up to 4 mm. long, dull stramineous; pinnules about 20 pairs, nearly horizontal, sessile or subsessile, linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, long-attenuate, 5 to 13 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. broad, the costa densely yellowish- strigose above, beneath thinly scurfy-hirtellous and bearing a few very minute tawny bullate scales, these mostly caducous; segments about 23 pairs, membrano-herbaceous, linear, acutish, 8 to 18 mm. long, 2 to 4 (5) mm. broad, falcate, crenate-serrate or (beyond the middle) obliquely incised, the teeth or lobes obscurely dentate; costules distantly hispid above, thinly scurfy- hirtellous beneath; veins oblique, mostly once or twice forked, or in the large sterile parts pinnately branched, glabrate above, beneath deciduously mealy-puberulous; sori 6 to 11 pairs, small, adjacent; receptacle minute; paraphyses very numerous, pale, flaccid, moniliform, equaling the sporangia, persistent. The present species, the type of which is doubtfully South American, occurs over a wide area on the continent, namely from Veracruz and Tabasco to Brazil and eastern Peru, mainly at low elevations near the coast, but is defi- nitely known in the West Indies only from the Isle of Pines, Cuba. From the other species treated in the present paper it is at once distinguished by its closely scurfy-hirtellous or mealy-puberulous costae, costules, and veins beneath, and by its having both the primary and secondary rachis armed with slender, more or less retrorse, long, pungent spines. The name Alsophila feror Presl, under which this species has commonly gone, is given as a transfer of Cyathea ferox Presl, often quoted as published in the Deliciae Pragenses (1822), but no such description occurs in that work. Alsophila feror Presl MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 37 (1836) is properly published, however, by citation of synonyms. The following specimens are in the National Herbarium: CuBA: Isle of Pines, Britton, Wilson & Selby 14829. Verackuz: Chinameca, Orcutt 3194 (three sheets). Coatzacoalcos, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, C. L. Smith 2095, as A. armata Presl. Tapasco: Near Atasta, Rovirosa 48. GUATEMALA: Puerto Barrios, border of swamp, Maron & Hay 3058 (four sheets). Honpvuras: San Pedro Sula, Dept. Santa Barbara, alt. 180 meters, Thieme (J. D. Smith, no. 5638 in part), as A. feror Presl. Costa Rica: Bords d’un ruisseau 4 Buenos Aires, Pittier 4847 in part, as A. aculeata J. Sm. Bords du Rio General 4 Palmares, valée du Diquis, alt. 500 meters, Pittier 12160, as A. feror Presl. Without locality, Werckle (ex herb. Christ, as A. ichtyolepis Christ). PANAMA: Without special locality, 1860, Hayes 2, TRINIDAD: Without locality, Mendler 60, as A. ferox Presl; ex herb. Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 146, as A. armata Presl. Brazit: Rio de Janeiro, 1851, Anderson; Dusén 1938. Near Pari, March, 1908, Herndndez. Without locality, Wilkes Haped. Peru: Near Tarapoto, Spruce 4726. Of the two sheets of Pittier 4847 in the National Herbarium, one belongs to A. trichiata and one to A. microdonta. The mixed number perhaps explains Christ’s citation of 4847 as A. ferox, following his description of A. ichtyolepis. The Honduras material distributed by Captain Smith as no. 5638 is partly A, microdonta and partly A. myosuroides Liebm. 2. Alsophila strigillosa Maxon, sp. nov. PuateE 11, Caudex about 2.5 meters high; fronds several, spreading, 2.5 to 3.3 meters long; stipe 60 to 90 cm. long, freely armed on the lower side with narrowly coni- cal pungent spines up to 4 mm. long, densely paleaceous on the inner side, the scales lance-attenuate to oblong-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, dirty white, thin but firm, erose; blade ovate, short-acuminate, subtripinnate, 2.4 to 2.7 meters long, about 1 meter broad, the primary rachis laxly yellowish-hirsute, aculeo- late; pinnae about 20 pairs, sessile, the basal ones oblong-ovate, about 30 cm. long, the middle ones narrowly oblong, acuminate, about 50 cm, long, 18 cm. broad, the secondary rachis yellowish, thinly hirsute-strigose above, distantly muricate beneath and nearly glabrous; pinnules 23 to 28 pairs, approximate, spreading, sessile, linear-oblong, attenuate in the outer third, 7 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. broad, subpinnatisect, the costa thinly hirsute-strigose above, minutely strigillose beneath and, in sterile specimens, very scantily hirsute; segments delicately herbaceous, about 22 pairs, close, narrowly oblong, sub- faleate, rounded at the apex or distally acutish, biserrate, the costule bearing two to four stiff curved yellowish septate hairs above, beneath delicately strigillose (in sterile specimens sparsely hirsute also) and bearing several small whitish hair-tipped bullate scales; veins 9 to 11 pairs, mostly once forked below the middle, glabrous above, delicately strigillose beneath; sori 5 to 9 pairs, small, contiguous; receptacles capitate, laxly and scantily pilose. Type in the herbarium of Yale University, Daniel C. Eaton Collection, con- sisting of four sheets said to have been collected at Nima-nima, eastern Cuba, December 3, 1859, by Charles Wright (no. 1062); distributed as Alsophila aspera and listed under this name by Eaton. large-fruited red raspberry growing at high elevations in Ecuador. Photographed ¢ Banos, Province of Tungurahua, (Natural size.) Contr. Nat. Herb., Vo. 24 PLATE 4l. PRUNUS SEROTINA EHRH. Fruit clusters and lage from the Gonzales tree, a choice varie fe ( at Catielata, in the suburbs of Ambato. (Natural «7e capuli, grown Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 42. PASSIFLORA POPENOVI! KILLIP. A rare species from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, where it is alled granadilla de Quijos. Photographed in a garden at Banos, Prov- ce of Tunguranua Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 43. PASSIFLORA LIGULARIS JUSS. The common granadilla of tropical American highlands, from southern Mexico to Peru. Photographed at Ambato. (Natural size.) Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24 PLATE 44. The common tacso of the Ecuadorian hivhlands, called curuba in Colombia Ph rraphed at Bogota. C mbia Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24, PLATE 45. CARICA CANDAMARCENSIS HOOK. F. A mature plant of the small-fruited hardy papaya found throughout the northern Andean region; in Ecuador known usually as chilnuacdn and chamburo. Pt topraphed at Nemocén, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 46. CARICA PENTAGONA HEILBORN. The babaco of Ecuador, fruiting in a garden at Ambat Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 47. CARICA CHRYSOPETALA HEILBORN. Fruits of the higacho, from a cultivated plant at Bafios, Province of Tungurahua. (Natural size.) Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24, PLATE 48. # VACCINIUM FLORIBUNDUM H. B. K. The mortifno. or Andean blueberry, a characteristic plant of the cold, moist plains of the high Andes. Photographed at La Rinconada, Province of Carchi. (Natural size.) Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 24. PLATE 49. SOLANUM QUITOENSE LAM. Fruits of the naranjilla; photographed at Banos. Province of Tunguranua (Natural size.) The coarse hairs are brushed off before the fruits are taken to market INDEX. [Synonyms In italic.) Page. ADIU 206. eee ee eens eee eee eee 132 B41 0) 0 C6 (0) oo 116 Aceituna ... 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 132 Achras zapota ........ 22.20.22... cece eee es 131 Aguacate .....0....0.- eee e ee eee cee eee eee 108 Akee.. 0... eee cece eee eee cence 121 Albaricoque.......-..---..-.---2-.ee eee eee 115 Allpa guayaba...............22.....050-05-- 128 Almendra..... 2... 2.2... 2.0 e cee eee e eee eee 117 Almond......... 020. cee ee eee eee eees 117 Amygdalaceae ..............0-...2 0-22 eee eee 114 Amygdalus communis ...............0+e20es 117 persica ...,....-.-- eee ee eee ee eee eee 116 Anacardiaceae..... 2... 2.2. cee eee ee ee eee “119 Anacardium occidentale............ lew eeeeece 120 Ananas sativuS...............2..-200 cece ee ee 104 Andes berry ........... 0. ccc eens eee eeeeeees 101 Annona cherimola..............--004. 101, 106, 108 muricata.....2.... 0... eee eee ee eee ee 107 reticulata -........22..2 222 c eee eee 107, 108 SQUAMOSA ..... 2.2.2 eee eee ee ee eee 106, 108 “AmMOMaceae.... 2.2... eee eee eee 106 AMONG 2.2... ee ne cee eee eee 107 Apple.........0... 0.000 c cee cee ee eee es 101,110 Apricot....... 20.2. eee eee ee eee ee 115 Santo Domingo. ............ ccc eee eee 123 Arbol de pan ..........2. 2.2 ceeeee eee ee enone 105 AITay4n 2.2... eee eee eee eee 128 Artocarpus communis ................-...-. 105 Averrhoa carambola ...........0--0- 02-2 eee 117 AVOCADO 2.0. e eee c eee e ener 108 Babaco ....... 0.2.0.2. cee e ee ee ee ewww eee eee 126 Badeéa .......... 0-2. eee eee 124 Banana ................... 22 ee eee eee ee eee 101, 105 Banano.............----.0- eee eee eee eee eee 104 Blackberry.........------------eee eee eee 101, 114 Blighia sapida..............-.222-. 2-22 e eee 121 Blueberry, Andean ..................------- 101 Bombacaceae. ............-- cece cence cence 122 Breadfruit ...............002 ee ceee eee eeee 101, 106 Breva . 0... eee ee ce cece cet emcee eens 106 Bromeliacese .........-....- 226. c cece eee ee 104 Bullock-heart.............-.---..+00-- ceeeee 107 Bunchosia armeniaca ..,....-. beeen eee wees 119 CACtACOA® .. 2.2... cece eee eee e een eee e ee ees 127 Caesalpiniaceae .............2.0- eee eee eee e ee M1 Caimito..... 22.2.2 0 2. cece cece cece e cnet eee 132 Camo ...... 0... cece ee eee ec eee te ee eeenee 132 Calocarpum MammosuM............-..08- 122,132 Page Capuli 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 114 Capulin.... 2.2... eon eee eee eee eee 115 Carambola..............-. 2.022 e ee eee eee eee 117 Carica candamarcensis. ..........-.--- 101, 126, 127 chrysopetala ...........0---.0eeee eee ee 126,127 papaya ............2..-22.-. 065. veeeee 126, 127 pentagona ....... 2... cee eee eee eee eee 126,127 Caricaceae ............. 0022. eee eee eee ee eee 126 Caryophyllus jambos ...........-....2------ 129 COS 2.0... cee ee eee ee ee eee pee ewccceeeee 128 Cashew 2.2.0... 00002. e ee eee ce ence eee eee 120 Cauje...... wee cee eee weet een eceeees 131, 132 Chamburo...........---.-----2+2-- 101, 102, 126, 127 Chaqui-lulu ........ 2.2.2... 2025-2020 e eee ee 130 Cherry............---202 cece ee eee eet eee 115 Chiblacan....... 0.0.02... - 002 ee ee eee eee eee 126 Chicosapote.............. 0-22. e eee cece ener 131 Chilhuacén ..............-202 2-2 e eee eee eee 102, 126 Chirimote.............. weet new c ese neweeeeee 128 Chirimoya ...........2-20e-eee eee eeeee 101, 106, 109 Chontaduro.... 2... 2.0.2.2 eee eee eee ee eee ee 103 Chontaruru .......---.----------- eee ee eee ee 103 Chrysophyllum cainito ................-+.-- 132 Cidra .... 0.0. ee ee eee eee eee eee 119 Ciruela ........22..... cece eeeeeenecececees 115,120 amafrilla ........ 2... ce cece cece eee eens 120 colorada .........---.0 eee ee ee cece eee 120 Morada...... 2... ee ee ee eee eee cece 116 silvestre .......- 22.22 e eee eee eee ee eee 119 1) 6: 119 Cs U0) 0 119 Citrus aurantifolia ............------ +--+ 118,119 aurantium .............2-- 20sec eee eee ee 118 grandis ..........-2..2-.0-0e eee eee eee 119 limetta ....... 0.20. cence ee eee e eens 119 limonia ..........----0- ee eeeeecweeeeeeee 119 medica ............. 2. ee ee eee eee teens 119 nobilis deliciosa.................-eseeeee 118 sinensis ............-- pewcccenspesscedgcn 118 Clusiacease... 2.22... ee eee eee ene ewes 123 COCO... ee eee eee eee ee eee cece et eee eeeeeees 103 Chileno. .........----.-- eee ee eee eee ee eee 103 de Chile. ..... 2.20.20. eee eee eee eee eee 103 COCONUt... 22... eee eee cee ee eee eee eeeee 103 Cocos nucifera ..... 2... cee eee eee eee ee 103 Coquito de Chile........... 2.2... eee eeeeeeee 103 Crabapple.....-.-.-----.. 00-2 e cence eee eee 110 Crataegus stipulosa............- eee cece anes 111 Curuba de Castilla..............----..-.00e. 125 VIII Page @ustard-apple..................2 0-22 eee eee 107 Cydonia oblonga..................2......45- 109 vulgaris ....... wee e cence ee ceee teen eeeees 109 Oyphomandra betacea ...............-...--- 134 Damasco...........- 2-2 eee cece eee eee 116 Disterigma.................-. Leseeeeeeeeeee 101 margaricoccum ............. ...2..-005-: 129 popenoei.......................22-0-02- 130 Durazno ..............---- cece eee e eee eeeeees 116 Englerodoxa alata ..............-..-.-. 2055 129 Eriobotrya japonica...............-.....-..- il Eugenia jambos........-..- 2-22.02 -02 ccc e eee 129 Ficus carica................0......00 22 eee eee 106 DS 106 Fragaria chiloensis........................-- lil re 112 Fresa ....... 2.202.202 eee eee eee eee eee 111,112 Fruta de pan ............ 20... eee eee eee 105 Frutilla...... 2.0.0.0... 0.0.22 e eee eee eee 111,112 Garcinia mangostana.......................- 123 Golden apple .....................2...0.02.. 120 Granada ....... 2.2... ee ee eee 129 Granadilla ...2... 22.2.0. 202 e eee 124 de hueso ...... 0.2.22... cee eee eee eee 123 de Quijos ................-...0.0...22. 123, 124 sweet ....... wee eee ee eee eect cece ee eeee 125 Grape............. cece eee eect een eee ees 122 Grapefruit ............2.....00..0.. 000200 119 Grosella.. 22... 2.020... 2 cece eee eee ee 109 Grogssulariaceae ...............2.-..00.--00-- 109 Ground-cherry.......-..........--2...2000-. 133 Guaba .... 2.22.20... cece eee eee ee 7 Guandbana ........ 2000.2... e eee eee cee 107 GUAVE 2... ee cece ene eee cess 128 Guayaba. . 2.2.2... 2 2... 128 4 oC: 128 del Choco ..... 2.2.2.0... 02. e eee eeee 128 Guayabilla................0000.. 222. cee eee 128 Guaytambo............00.00.0 0... cece eee 113 Guilielma speciosa ...............02..2.0202.. 106 utilis... 2.0... e eee 104 Guineo............0 2.2.2 cece eee 104 Gullan.... 2... cece eee 125 Gulupa.................. penne cece ee eeeeeeee 125 Higacho ......... 2.0.22 eee 127 Higo........0... 0.0.00 c cence ees 106 Hobo ... 2... ce cece eee eee ee 120 Huaba....-. 22.22... eee eee 117 Huagra-manzana .................2...020-.. 111 Huagra-mora ...................0200.0.0000- 114 Hualicon ............ 000.000.000.002 130 Husk-cherry ..............00.2.000020.0000. 133 Hylocereus polyrhizus ...................... 127 Inga .... 2.22222. ce cece eee 102 SPP .....--.... 2.22022 eee 117 OC) 120 Joyapa ....-. 2.2.22. 130 Jubaea chilensis..............0....002...2... los speelabilis.... 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 103 Juglandaceae...................... 00. ce eee 105 Juglans honorei.................2.....22.2.. 105 Tegia 2.2... ee cece cece eeee ee 105 Lauraceaeé.... 2.2.0.0... 000. cece eee eee 108 Lemon ............. 2.2... .02 22s cee cece ee eeee 119 Lima... 22... ec een e ec eeee 9 INDEX. Page Lime, sour...................0.cce cece ee eee 118 SWECE. cc eeceeeee 119 Limon real..................22-0 cece ee ee ees 119 sutil.. 0.2... wee cece cece eee eeee 118 Litchi chinensis.....................00000005 121 Loquat .................. cee eee eeee we eeeeees LLL Luema ....... 2.2.02. e cece ce cece cece eeeees 131 LUcuma MaMmMosa...... 0.22. eee eee e cece eens 132 obovata ........ 022... 2c e cece eee ee eee 131 LUBA... 2... eee eee ee eee ees 131 Luqma........ 22... eee ee eee eee 131 Lychee............ 02... eee eee eee ee 101,121 Macleania ..............2....0cc eee eee eee 101 ecuadorensis................0-..02..000es 130 laurina ............. 0.0022 cee eee eee 130 popenoei............ cee e cece eee ee ences 130 Madrofio ... 2.2.0.2... 0c e cece cece eee eee 123 Malaceae...............0.... 002 cece eee eens 109 Malpighiaceae ................2..2..02-002 0 ee 119 Malus baccata............ 00.22... cece eee eee 110 sylvestris................2. ce aeeecceeceee 110 Mamey................ 00.2 eee cee eee eee ee 123 Colorado... 2.2... eee cece eee eee eeee 132 de Cartagena....................2..040-- 132 Mammiea americana................2..-.00- 123 Mamoncillo ...........................-2000- 121 Mandarin ...............0 000.22 cece eee sees 118 Mandarina ...............0. 2.22.2 cece ee eee 118 Mangifera indica..............-......02-000e 119 Mango.......... 20.2. e eee eee eee eee 101, 119 Mangostan ..... 0.2.22... ce eee cece eee ee 123 Mangosteen ............ 00.0.0 ce cece e ences 101, 123 Manzana.......... 02... eee eee eee 110 Ge OFO.. eee cc ence eee ee eens 120 Manazanilla 22... eee eee 111, 129 Manzanita. ......... 0... e ee eee eee eee 111 de Chile... 2... cee eee 110 Marafion ........... ccc cece eee e cence eee e ees 120 Mata-serrano ...... 2.2.0... cece eee eee eee eee 123 Matisia cordata................. ce eeeweeee 122,132 Melicocca bijuga...... 2.2.0.2... cece eee eee ee 121 bijugatus............ 0... cce cece eee eee 121 Melocot6n ........ 0.0... cee eee eee eee 116 Membrillo .................2..2.0.2..2....002. 109 Mimosaceae...... cece ee epee eee e eee ence eee Lt? Mirabel....... 0.0.0.0... ccc cece ee eees 115, 116 A 0) os 105,113,114 Moraceae.......... Ll beeen cece ee eee enews eee 105 Mortifio............00.000 0022 eee eee 101,130 Morus nigra................22..200220 eee eee 105 Mulberry ...... ween eee cece cece cence cece 105 Musa paradisiaca ....................2.000-. 104 sapientum .........2......2....... .. 104 Musaceae, ................... ceeee ee eneeeeee 104 Myrobalan plum....................202..0... 115 Myrtaceae ..-......2.0 2.2.2 eee eee 123 Myrtus foliosa ............0...002.0.0222.0222- 128 Naranja agria ....................2022..000-. 118 dulee ...... 2.0... 0.020. e ee 118 Naranjilla .............0.00.0000000.0020 002. 133 Naseberry ............-2-2-.-.222. 2 eens eee 131 Nectarine. ........... 0.2... 00220. e cee eee ee 116 Nephelium lappaceum...................... 121 Wtchi 2. ec eee eee ee 121 INDEX, IX Page. Page. - Nispero del Japon .............--2--6 eee eres 111 | Punica granatum ...............-.---+------ 129 Nogal...... 2.2.20... e eee sence eee cece eeeeee 105 | Pumicaceae .........---.-.---- 222-22 e cee eee 129 Nuez 2.0.2.2 cece cece ee eee ee eee eee ce eee eee 105 | Pyrus baccata .........2---0-02 20-022 e eens 110 Olea europaea ..........2.2. 202 cece eee eee 132 communis ......--.--.--22-2 ee ee eee eee 109 Oleaceae........ 2-22... eee ee eee eee eee ners 132 MAUR 2.2.2 ce cee tee eee tenes 110 Olive... 2.0... c eee eee ee eee eee 101,182 | Quince.............-- 2. eee eee eee eee eee 109 Olivo .... 22... 2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 132 | Quiqui..........22..-2- eee eee eee eee eee eee 109 Opuntia bonplandii..................-.----- 127 | Rambutdn...... cece eee ce cece ee eee eeeseaeee 121 dobbieana .............2-..0--22 ee eee eee 127 | Raspberries ......--.....-- 0.00 esse eee eee eee 101 soederstromiana ........-..-..--+----65- 127 | Rheedia madruno...........-...-.2.----++-- 123 Orange .. 2... cece eee eee eee eee 118 | Ribes punctatum.......-.......---------+-- 109 SOUL oo... eee eee ee eee ee eee ee eet eeee 118 | Rosaceae..............0-. 0-20 e eee ee eee eee eee 1L1 Osteomeles obtusifolia .............--..---.. 109 | Rose-apple........-.-..----- 2 eee reese eres 129 Oxalidaceae ...0... 02... eee ce eee 117 | Rubus adenotrichos ...........-..+-----+--- L13 Pacay .. 22... 2.2 eee cece eee eee eee eee eeee 1i7 floribundus .............-----+---+-- eee 113 Palta 0... 2c e cee eee eee ee 108 fruticosus............--..2. ce eee eee ee eee 113 Papaya ...5...-. 2.0.2 ee eee eee eee eee eee 126 glaucus...............2222+22-ee eee eee 101, 113 Passiflora Spp...... 2.2.2.2... 20s eee ee eee eee 101 TOSCUS.. 2... ee epee eee eee eee eee 114 ligularis ..........--..--2++--2--ee eee es 124 urticaefolius ........-...-. bee eee sees ... <4 maliformis..................605.: see eee 123 | Rutaceae ........-.2.-5 eee eee eee eee ee eee a UB Mixta......2... 2.22 e eee eee eee eee 126 | Salapa.........--.2.-. 222 eee eee ee eee eee eee 130 mollissima............-.....-0-2-2505: 125,126 | Sapindaceae ..........-.-. --.-------e0 cee eee 121 pinnatistipula ..................6. 6.08 125 | Sapodilla .............. . 2... eee eee eee eee 131 popenovii.............-..-- 6-2. ee eee 124 | Sapotaceae........-.-.-----2- eee e eee eee ee eee 131 psilantha .............-....-.2--.---205- 125 | Sapote ..........--.2.2- 222s eee eee eee eee 122, 132 quadrangularis .........-.....--......-- 124 | Seso vegetal............--------+- +e eee ee eee 121 tripartita .............2.0.2 0.02 e eee eee 125 | Siglalon..............-.--2--- 2-20 e eee eee eee 126 Passifloraceae.......-....-..---. 2022s eee eee 123 | Sigloalén...........----------++ cece ee eeeeee 126 Peach, ............0200s0eeee ee eee 101,111,115,116 | Siglol6n...............22....22 eee eee eee 126 Pear .......--2-0-- cece e eee e eens 101,109,110, 111 | Solamaceae............-....20-+-02- eee eee .. 133 Pechichi..............-.....2--00--2-- ee eeee 133 | Solanum muricatum........-.....--------- £ 133 Pejibaye ............ 02.20.5520 5 eee e eee eee 104 quitoense .............--------2----2+-- 133 Peladillo..............22.0. 052.0520 - 5 see sees 116 | Soursop...........---------+ eee eee eee eee 107 Pepino............0 202-06 c ee eee eee eee eee 133 | Spondias cytherea........-...-. -----2-+--- 120 Pera .... 22.22. eee eee eee eee eee 109 LT Co 120 silvestre 22.02.0000. e eee eee eee 129 lutea.............--- cece ee ceeeeeeeeeee 120 Persea americana.............-..---22-2005: 108 mombin...... 2.0... ---.---2-2 ee eee eee 120 americana drymifolia .........--..------ 108 purpurea ...... 2.2. e eee eee eee ee eee 120 gratissima .........22.20 000-2 e eee eee 108 | Star-apple ............-. -. 2. eee eee eee ee 132 Phoenicaceae ...............---0 2222-2 eee 103 | Strawberry.......:..-----220-02e eee eee eee 11 Physalis peruviana ............---2++---255- 133 | Sugar-apple........ cbc ce ee eecceseaeeeereees 108 Pifia 2... eee ee eee eee 104. | Tacso.........0.... 02ers 101,125 Pineapple........ nr 104 | Tamarind .................--.----+-e ee eee: 1i7 Pitahaya ..........2--- 2-22-22. eee sree ee eee 127 | Tamarindo...............------+220. eeeee es 117 Pitajaya ....... 22.02.00 eee eee eee ee eee 127 | Tamarindus indica................--.--++++- 117 Plantain.............000.. 020. cee eee eee eee 104 | Tejocote........ ......--..--. cece ee eeeeeeee 111 Platan0 ..... 2.22222 e eee ence eens 14 | Tira ..... 2.0.0.2 eee cece ee ee cee eee teeeeee 130 Plum ........-..-0.---2---- Le cecseeeeeeecs 115,116 | Tocte.......... oe ceeeeeceeeeeeeeee 105 Pomarosa............... 022. 129 | Tomate de arbol................--------205- 134 Pomegranate .........----.--22-+0see seer eee 129 | Yoronchi..............---2-----2+ee eset eee 127 Pouteria caimito................-..---6- oot 131 Toronja.........----0--22 2 ee eee eee eee ee eee ee 119 Prisco. ...... 2.2002 --20 eee cee eee cece ee eee 116 | Pree-tomato ............ ---. 220s eee essere . 134 Prunus amygdalus .... 0.0.2... 0 eee eee eee ee 117 | Tuna......... 2... eee eee eee eect eee ee ceeeeee 127 armeniaca.............-2222 ce eee eee eee 115 | Tumbo..............-- 2 eee ee ce eee eee eee 124 capuli... 22.2... eee eee eee eee eee W5 | Uva... 2... oo eee cece cece ee eee eee eee 122 cerasifera myrobalana..........-....---- 115 | Uvilla.................- cee cceccecesuaueees 133 domestica instititia.. ................--. 116 | Vacciniaceae..............---------eeee eee 129 ae eee 116 | Vaccinium floribundum.................. 101, 130 salicifolia ......... 22... ..0. 02-2 eee eee eee 115 | Verbenaceae ............-2-0.02202 eee eee eens 133 salicina..........2. 0.2. cee eee eee eee 116 | Vitaceae.............-cececcecceceecceceeees 122 salicinaXsimonii..............-..2--.-6- 116 Vitex gigantea........2....-..---- eee ee eee 133 serotina..........----- 02-2 seen esse eee 114,115 | Vitis vinifera ................002..222e eee eee 122 Psidium friedrichsthalianum.............--. 128 | Walnut..............-----eeeeecececeeeeeees 105 BURJAVA ... 2... eee eee eee eee teers 128 | Zapote ......2... 60. e ee eee e cette eee ee ees 122, 132 guimeense ......--...----22- eee eee eee eee 128 | Zarga-mora.....-..-..2-0002-- ce ee eee eee eee 113 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLumE 24, ParT 6 A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE By CORNELIA D. NILES WITH INTRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL NOTES By AGNES CHASE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1925 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY PREFACE. The 256-page book on grasses published by Palisot de Beauvois in 1812 under the title Essai d’une Nouvelle Agrostographie has been a source of confusion to botanists for more than a hundred years. Beauvois rendered an important service to science by introducing into the study of grasses the use of many important characters that had not previously been utilized in the classification of these plants, but in applying his new method to the grasses known at that time, more than 2,000 species, his work was often very careless. The application of many of his new names and binomials is obscure, and they have been differently interpreted by different writers. Beauvois proposed: in this book many new genera and more than 600 new binomials. The correct identification of these genera and species is of fundamental importance to the study of grasses in all parts of the world. In the accompanying paper Miss Cornelia D. Niles and Mrs. Agnes Chase, Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, present the results of a long and pains- taking study of Beauvois’ book. All his genera and most of his species are represented in the United States National Herbarium. A type is indicated for each genus and species, the reason for the choice being given in each instance. The genera have been identi- fied, and all but a small number of the species. This information has been of great assistance in the grass studies carried on at the National Herbarium and it is believed that its publication will be of similar value to students of grasses elsewhere. Frepertck V. CoviLze, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 1m CONTENTS. Introduction______-_-_----_-_-_-__------------------------------------- Summary of Beauvois’ Essay_---~--------------------------------- Advertisement____-_------------------------ ~ oe eee -- Introduction______________-_____---_------------------------------- New Principles of Agrostology__--------------------------------- Tabula Methodica _--__-__.-__-_---------------------------------- Classification of the genera in Beauvois’ Essay_------------------ Methods of work_____-_----------.------------------------------- Genera of the New Agrostology_-------------------------------------- List of new names_____-__------------------------------------------- Biographical sketch__------------------.------------------------------ A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTO- GRAPHIE By Cornetia D, NILES WITH INTRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL NOTES By AGNEes CHASE INTRODUCTION The Essai d’une Nouvelle Agrostographie; ou Nouveaux Genres des Graminées; avec figures représentant les Caractéres de tous les Genres, by A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois, published in 1812, is, from the standpoint of the nomenclature of grasses, a very important work, its importance being due principally to its innumerable errors, less so because of its scientific value. In this small volume 69 new genera are proposed and some 640 new species, new binomials, and new names are published. Of the 69 genera proposed 31 are to-day recognized as valid, and of the 640 names about 61 are commonly accepted. There is probably not a grass flora of any considerable region anywhere in the world that does not contain some of Beauvois’ names. Many of the new names are made in such haphazard fashion that they are incorrectly listed in the Index Kewensis. There are, besides, a number of misspelled names that have found their way into botanical literature. The inaccuracies are so numerous and the cita- tions so incomplete that only a trained bibliographer’ could solve the many puzzles presented. Cornelia D. Niles in connection with her work on the bibliography of grasses, maintained in the form of a card catalogue in the Grass Herbarium, worked out the basis in literature of each of these new names. The botanical problems involved, the interpretation of descriptions and figures, were worked out by Agnes Chase, who is also respon- sible for the translation and summaries from the Advertisement, Introduction, and Principles. The translation is a free one in that no attempt has been made to preserve the author’s style. No pains 135 136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, have been spared to convey the precise meaning, but it is given in as few words as possible. Beauvois’ writing is exceedingly verbose, with numerous references to “the useful and amiable science of botany.” These literary rococo decorations have been omitted. SUMMARY OF BEAUVOIS’ ESSAY. Beauvois’ Essay consists of two parts, preceded by an Advertise- ment, explaining the purpose of the work. Part one, pages 1 to lxxiv, is in French. It consists of an Introduction explaining Beauvois’ New Principles of Agrostology, and describing and discussing the structure of grasses from root to grain, with a chapter on the classi- fication [Méthode] of earlier authors and an explanation of his pro- posed new method. There follows a combined glossary, explana- tion of abbreviations and partial bibliography. A large Tabula Methodica (in Latin) showing the arrangement of genera in sec- tions, these in cohorts, these in tribes, and the tribes in families, is in- serted at the end of the introduction. The second part of the work (pages 1 to 145) “Genera Novae Agrostographiae” is in Latin with observations in French. The genera are arranged in accordance with the classification shown in the Tabula Methodica. The “index” is a combination of an index and a list of identifications, many names of grasses not included in the text being listed and referred to particular genera, many followed by “?” This index is of importance because it is only by means of references there given that the basis of many of Beauvois’ names can be ascertained. The Essay, which is an octavo, is accompanied by a quarto of 25 plates of several figures each, with explanations. "The validity of some of Beauvois’ names is based on the names and brief descriptions given in these explanations. The more important parts of the Advertisement and Introduction are here presented in translation. Other parts are summarized, the summaries being set in smaller type. The translations and sum- maries will give an idea of Beauvois’ understanding of the mor- phology of grasses and of his proposed new system of classification. They also show the self-confidence and want of accuracy characteris- tic of the author, which resulted in the confusing complex of botanical and bibliographical problems we here attempt to solve. “ADVERTISEMENT.” “ This work is as yet only an attempt, subject to change and im- provement. The confusion, I should even say disorder, found in this important branch of botany does not admit of the desired degree of perfection in a first tentative work. Such as it is, however, I venture NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 137 to flatter myself that it will lead to a more perfect knowledge of the grasses. The changes which may [hereafter] be made will be in certain details, in the uniting or segregating of genera; but I do not think it will be possible to attack at all the basis and principles of the classification [Méthode]. All the genera are there distinguished by characters certain, constant, and easy to comprehend. “ Some persons, perhaps too much attached to the old order, will protest against the great number of genera. But this protest will not be on the part of botanists devoted to the progress of the science ; they will not be in haste to judge, and, before expressing their opin- ion, they will wish to examine the new classification, to study it, to catch the spirit of it as a whole, without devoting themselves minutely and separately to details which are an integral part of the whole. “It may be that some of the new genera will have to be reduced, + * * such as Sorghum to Andropogon, Aira to Avena, Dactylis and Koeleria to Bromus, Meoschium to Colladoa, Milium and Awon- opus to Paspalum, Cinna to Apera, Chondrosiwm to Bouteloua, ete. “ However, I present this essay to botanists. Their judgment and their counsel will enable me to carry the Agrostographie to the high- est degree of perfection possible and desired. * * *” Beauvois planned to follow the Essay with a larger work giving detailed descriptions of all the species. To this end he begs botanists to send him species not found in his collections. In this projected work he expected the cooperation of Desvaux. Their intention was to illustrate all the species not figured by well-known authors, such as Morison, Plukenet, Schreber, Host, Cavanilles, etc. Beauvois counted on this work to enable him to perfect his classification. The illustration of the species had been commenced and so far as completed the figures were published with the Essay. The plates were is- sued in quarto because it would increase the size and the price of the work if they were printed in octavo like the text, while to print the text in quarto would make an inconvenient volume. A limited edition in quarto was published. “In many parts of this work I have made it a rule to cite the names of the botanists who have contributed [specimens] from their collec- tions, with the amenity, zeal, and benevolence characteristic of every botanist zealous for the science * * *. I shall here present the list in order to pay publicly to these scholars the tribute of my thanks. They are MM. de Jussieu, Desfontaines, who not only placed their herbaria at my disposal, but contributed [specimens] from the beautiful and rich collections of the Natural History Museum; Bosc, known for his zeal for science * * *; Dupetit-Thouars, de Les- sert, Desvaux, Persoon, Richard, Poiret, Delile, Thuillier, Gay, to whom I owe a large number of species described by Gaudin, Roemer, and Balbis. The last two have sent me all the exotic or indigenous grasses which they have at their disposal.” 213871—25 ) 138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Owing to the difficulties of correspondence [during the Napoleonic wars] Beauvois had not been able to establish communication with Swartz, Thunberg, Afzelius, Robert Brown, and others. If his letters had reached them he is con- fident they would have been eager to send him what he asked, and his work would have been more complete, especially in regard to the great number of obscure genera which he could not place definitely in his classification. He hoped that his Essay would reach them and that their advice and interest would enable him to add two plates illustrating the characters of the genera as yet unknown to him. There follows a request that botanists will note the Errata (given after the index). “INTRODUCTION.” “The grasses, including wheat, maize, rye, barley, millet, sugar- cane, oats, and the innumerable genera and species which adorn and enliven the prairies, are, undeniably, the most generally useful of all plants known. These valuable plants supply the needs of man in all climates, whether for his own food or for that of the domestic animals which serve his need or his pleasure. ‘The leaves of grass afford rich pasture to flocks and herds: the small seeds are food for the birds and the larger seeds are food for men’ [Linnaeus] Philos. Bot. * * * “In our climate the grasses are of especial interest; they are the basis of the comfort and wealth of the landowner. They yield a bountiful return for the care and labor of the farmer. Even the poor man, gleaning after the reapers, secures food for his numerous family for part of the winter; and the culms gathered with care serve to thatch his humble cabin. Finally the grasses are not less interesting to the botanist * * * the object of his researches and meditations. “When one contemplates the value of the grasses one is astonished that this branch of botany has not, up to the present time, attracted the same attention, excited the same enthusiasm and interest, as have other plants, doubtless more beautiful in foliage and flower, but of less special utility; and that the study of these plants has not been undertaken and followed with a perseverance proportionate to their value and which their interest deserves. “ Nevertheless, since Micheli, Ray, Scheuchzer, Gahn, and Linné, who must be regarded as the founders and the foremost reformers of agrostology, many botanists have directed their attention to the grasses. Schreber studied them in their smallest details. Desfon- taines, Swartz, Loureiro, Richard, Muhlenberg, Leers, Roth, Schrader, Persoon, Willdenow, Desvaux, Gaudin, etc., have pub- lished many new genera, and a large number of species, described with great exactness. In the enumeration of these scholars * * * I ought to include also Aubert du Petit-Thouars and Desmaziéres. The first has drawn from life nearly all the species of grasses which NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 139 he met in his travels; he has shown me his drawings, while commu- nicating to me a great number of new species, and I can not but regret that this keen observer has not yet published his work. The second young botanist, pupil of Lestiboudois, learned professor of natural history at Lille, has recently published an agrostographie of the northern departments [of France]. Finally I will mention * * * the scholar, Robert Brown, who seems to have studied the grasses after new principles, often in accord with mine. “ But though these authors have advanced knowledge by the pub- lication of many new genera and species, they have not contributed in the same proportion to the extension of science-in respect to under- lying principles. [“ Mais, si les ouvrages de ces divers auteurs ont donné lieu & quelques changements heureux par la publication de plusieurs genres et de plusieurs espéces nouvelles, ils n’ont pas contribué, dans la méme proportion, a étendre les limites de la science, sous le rapport de la partie Dogmatique et de ses bases fonda- mentales.” Possibly Beauvois literally meant dogmatic. His own “ Method” is largely dogmatic, with assumed principles, based on unverified statements.| The great number of genera earlier pub- lished and in need of revision remain in uncertainty and confusion. This want of order appears to be due to three principal causes: (1) The neglect or want of consideration given to certain characters of which the importance and real value had not, perhaps, been suffi- ciently appreciated or which had been artificially used. (2) The undue importance and value attributed to variable characters which do not hold for all the species of a single genus and are often found in the species of different genera. (3) The reluctance or the timidity of certain botanists, too timid to dare to leave the beaten path and to disregard criticism and conformity, prejudices, and restrictions. “In the interest of science I have determined to follow a different course. My natural taste for observation, increased by habit and use during my extended travels, has fixed my attention on those parts of botany that appear to me the most neglected. After the mosses the grasses are, without doubt, the least well known. I believe that this order of plants demands great changes, I do not fear to say even an almost complete revision. With this idea in mind I worked on each species separately; then having compared the species and considered them as a whole, I am convinced that the characters [hitherto] adopted are, for the most part, vague, imperfect, negative, and that botanists have neglected other char- acters much more important, more constant and more natural. I noted that the foundation and principles hitherto adopted had not the advantage of these [more constant and natural] characters; I sought for other principles, based on constant and characteristic 140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. organization of these plants. These researches suggested to me the idea of a new classification. I submit it to the discernment of botan- ists whose counsel, advice, and just criticism I shall always welcome with gratitude. “ Some persons will, perhaps, protest against the innovations intro- duced, the great number of new genera and the new terms; but I beseech the indulgence of botanists zealous for the progress of the science—of those who know how to grasp realities and facts, and not just the words; I charge them to lay aside all bias, to put aside for the moment the old principles and the old foundations which form agrostological precedents—to weigh, examine, consider the whole with the impartiality of true scholars; in so doing I believe they will feel the necessity of what at first might be taken for arbitrary and systematic innovations. * * a * * * * “ The genera are very numerous, undoubtedly, but it is not the num- ber of them that ought to make one pause, but their characters only. If according to the characters which constitute them the genera are natural; if they are so distinct from each other that the differences prove their organization to be diverse; if, finally, they are so defined that they can not be confused, what matters their number, seeing that nature has produced them? I dare to assert with assurance, that there is not one of the new genera proposed which has not char- acters more prominent, more natural, and more easy to understand than the greater part of those previously established, and of which the characters are in large part negative. I shall mention but a sin- gle example (lest any take fright) of a genus, accepted as valid in this work, which ought to be amended, that is, Sorghum. It has no positive and constant character which separates it from certain species of Andropogon. Moreover, in order to leave the choice to bot- anists, as to whether or not they will accept the new genera I pro- pose, I have not numbered them, and have placed them, so far as the classification permitted, immediately following the old genera from which they have been segregated. “One will, perhaps, be surprised that I have not conserved certain names already in use. Such, among others, as Leersia, Lappago, Sturmia, which I name Asprella, Tragus, Mibora. But on reflection one will see that this is but justice to those concerned. Certainly it matters little to science that such genera should bear this or that name; but in failing to establish any rule in the matter it follows that nomenclature becomes arbitrary and synonymy becomes so confused as to obstruct and hinder the progress of science. Take, for example, Mibora. Adanson was the first to establish the genus which Linnaeus had included in Agrostis; long after this Smith named it NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 141 Knappia, and, quite recently, this name was adopted by Koeler and Gaudin. Recently Hope [error for Hoppe] changed the name, sub- stituting Sturmia, and this is taken up by Willdenow, Persoon, etc. Finally Wiber [error for Wibel] rejected the existing names and re- named the plant Chamagrostis, which Decandolle prefers. I ask in all confidence what should one do with such confusion? Is it not better to give preference to the oldest name, chosen by the author who established the genus? But, in order to make this rule apply generally, and to avoid sundry inconveniences, I propose to fix a time beyond which the name should not again be taken up. For this date I take the works of Linnaeus, and I think that for all genera published since that celebrated botanist the names bestowed by those who first distinguished them should be conserved, when these names are not too barbarous to be admissible. Therefore Leersia should be discarded for Aspredla, given by Schreber and already adopted by Delamarck, as should the still older Homalocenchrus, an inadmissible name, which Haller! had earlier chosen; and the same for all the others. If botanists will adopt this principle there will be in the future neither arbitrariness nor confusion in the nomenclature of the old genera which it may be desirable to restore. Mibora will no longer be called Anappia in England and part of Germany; it will not be Sturmza for one, Chamagrostis for the other; it will be Mibora throughout the world and botanists will understand one another much better.” “NEW PRINCIPLES OF AGROSTOLOGY.” “The grasses, like all other plants, are composed externally of root, stem, leaves, and flowers. Each of these parts presents differences and characters peculiar to the grasses, and makes them easy to dis- tinguish from all other orders. Internally one recognizes the two tissues, cellular and tubular, as in other Phanerogams, but differ- ently disposed, arranged, and modified. “The cellular tissue composes most of the bulk and soft part of the plant. The tubular tissue is distributed regularly by longi- tudinal bundles and forms the fibers in most species; these bundles are arranged in concentric circles in the cellular tissue which sur- rounds them. “ Each of these rows of bundles of fibers is the origin of one of the leaves which the culm successively bears; this explains why the whole culm is much larger at the base and becomes smaller in diam- eter as it rises and bears leaves. The rows of bundles of fibers which remain at the center during the growth of the plant are des- 1The reference is to Hall. Nom. Hist. Pl. Helv. 128. 1769. The genus was published by Mieg in 1760. 142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. tined to produce the flowers, and their number is found to be in proportion to the number of spikelets which the spike or panicle is to bear.” This idea, that the culm was made up of coalesced tubes, separating suc- cessively as leaves, is elaborated and illustrated. The cross sections shown are said to be from barley. One section (plate 2, figure 6) seems to have been drawn from the cross section of the culm with the surrounding sheath adher- ing to it. The others are obviously imaginary, drawn to illustrate the author’s idea. Five chapters are devoted to the structure of the grasses, chapter 1, the root; 2, the culm; 3, the leaves; 4, the axis of inflorescence; 5, the fructifica- tion. There are some misconceptions in morphology but nothing that appears to be imaginary, like the account already given of the format’on of the leaves from concentric rows of fibro-vascular bundles separating successively from the culm. In chapter 4 Beauvois distinguishes two forms of axis: (A) “simple [in dist'nction from articulate, not from compound] and entire,” [plate 1, figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 11, cited as examples are respectively, inflores- cences of Alopecurus, Arrhenatherum, Spartina, Dactyloctenium, Cornucopiae, Andropogon]; and (B) “articulated and dentate” [plate 1, figure 9, cited as example is Secale cereale]. These two forms had not been distinguished by botan‘sts, he says, hence he calls special attention to them and then makes two generalizations (which do not hold): (1) “In all grasses with simple and entire floral axis the glumes are more or less unequal, sheathing, and inserted alternately.” (2) ‘In all grasses with articulate or dentate floral axis the glumes are either opposite or paired, rarely sheath'ng, inserted par- allel on the articulation or the tooth of the rachis.” (See Tabula Methodica for genera included in the tribes based on the floral axis as distinguished. It wll be seen that genera of Andropogoneae with thickened rachis joints as well as a few genera of Festuceae and Chlorideae are classed with genera of Hordeae as having dentate axis.) In chapter 5 the grasses are divided into two families: 1, Monothalama, in which the spikelets are uniform; and 2, Polythalama in which the spikelets are of two kinds. These form the primary divisions of the classification. In Monothalama Beauvois distinguishes between hermaphrodite and polygamous spikelets, and restricts the term polygamous to those spikelets in which the lower florets are staminate or neuter (as in Paniceae, Phalarideae, and Arrhenatherum). He holds that the term is not accurately applied to spikelets of Chloris and Dactyloctenium in which the upper florets are aborted, since commonly the essential organs are present but rudimentary, as in Poa, Festuca, Melica, and others. “The spikelets are pediceled or sessile, solitary, paired, or ver- ticillate, naked or subtended by an involucre.” The involucre is treated as a definite organ. As examples of involucres are mentioned and figured the bell-shaped sheathing leaf in Cornucopiae; the “bead” in Coir; the sterile spikelet below the little cluster of perfect ones in Cynosurus; the bractlets at the base of the panicle in Sesleria, and the entire silky pubescence in Saccharum, Imperata, Erianthus, and Perotis. In the latter it is the “long tomentum at the base of the spike” which he con- ° siders the involucre. [In immature panicles of Perotis latifolia, the species figured, the undeveloped spikelets at base present a mass of slender awns, In mature panicles there is no “ tomentum.”] Beauvois explains that in a true involucre, whatever its texture, membranaceous or silky, the parts are inserted NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 1438 at the same point, like verticils. The silk in Andropogon, Arundo and other grasses is not so arranged and does not constitute an involucre. In the text Cenchrus, Anthephora, Pennisetum, and other genera are described as having involucres. The discussion of the parts of the spikelet shows that Beauvois had a fairly accurate concept of their morphology. He follows Jussieu in the use of the term glumes (as applied to-day) for the “ calix’’ of Linnaeus. The two glumes form the “tegmen” (covering) distinguished from the lower and upper paleae (lemma and palea), the “ corolla ” of Linnaeus, which form the “ stragulum ” {another word for covering) which incloses the true flower. The bristle (“seta’’) is recognized as a prolongation of a nerve, “ usually straight, rarely twisted, sometimes departing abruptly from the membranaceous part of the lemma, sometimes from the summit. or from the back or at the base; it may be elongate and bordered by the gradually disappearing mem- branaceous summit as in Festuca, Triticum, Secale, Hordeum, ete. * * * Botanists have confused the bristle with the true awn and have referred to both under the common name ‘arista’.” The following definition will differ- entiate the two. “Awn, Arista * * * Hard, coriaceous, inserted abruptly and usually without an evident origin [not an evident continuation of a nerve], serving often as a sheath to the bristle which it embraces and to which it strongly adheres. The strongest lens does not reveal any indication of it below its insertion.” The awn of Avena is figured as an example, “The awn differs from the bristle (1) by the texture hard or coriaceous; (2) by its base or insertion, which appears to arise abruptly; (3) usually by a bend near the middle, the lower part twisted in a spiral and commonly hygroscopic; (4) by its proportion compared with that of the bristle and its thickness due to the addition of the coriaceous substance.” Agrostis canina, A. rubra, Calamagrostis, Trisetum, and Andropogon, all with twisted, geniculate awns, are figured as examples. In a further discussion Beauvois states that there are rare Cases in which the awn, entirely herbaceous, does not differ from a bristle properly so-called. The awns of Piptatherum paradorum (Milium paradorum), P. coerulescens (Milium caerulescens), and P. punctatum (Eriochloa punctata) are figured as examples. There is a long discussion maintaining the validity of this differentiation, which is so important a part of his classification. Beauvois says ‘ Botanists have not distinguished the bristle from the awn, but the elders did not con- found in a single genus species with bristles, others with awns, and still others muticous, as Linnaeus has done in such genera as Agrostis, Aira, Ischaemum, Milium, Festuca, Saccharum, ete.” The lodicules, stamens, and pistil, composed of ovary, style and stigmas, and the grain are discussed at length. Beauvois points out that in the Lin- naean system, based on the number and position of stamens, natural relation- ships are disregarded, the grasses being distributed in classes remote from each other. Chapter 6 is a discussion (1) of the classifications of earlier authors and (2) an explanation of the new classification, by which “ once having grasped the principles, it will be easy to classify all the plants in their family, their tribe, their cohort, and their genus.” “This classification does not at present include all known genera of grasses; there are some that are distinguished by peculiar char- acters. These characters appear to exclude such plants from this CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 144 ‘stdsnor1y “BIPOIL], “umsoyqdeydein *BO[90} “B19 “BlOlUy, ‘“BAYoeysedayy ‘sMUIstyag ---------------------------- a7yeUuOIONM BUIMaT] ‘eLlaUyOy "osqO ‘Hep “UIMNIUO[AJIVq ‘oUISNeTyW “Bo[yooide'] ‘sisdomy ‘sysoizeiq ‘vog “BpBPOYUO “8oay}0OJUID “BIUI[OF_ “Bl “PIN ‘82g ‘snioqdoA;q ‘snimsouAQ ~----------------------------- snoo1ynul BMIUIa’] “TUNG JUBXOYJUY ~ oon nnn nnn nnn pouae BUIMe’T ‘snso[ndme,) ----xede mMojeq apjsig [8Isell0.,,] *Biz ~""9TISUq UA SUlUeT -910J, “BUSB[OINITAL ‘“BO[WOIaIFY “BIVYDOI, ------- [BUlO1I9} asSIg “eUoy IIB] -38L ‘08qO ‘Ua ‘vyWeIqy ‘opuniy “XLOUUIAL) “UINyesuUeg = “BlETpIolUeg ‘eloqdeqiuy = ‘sniyauad “SMYJUBUYY] ~~-~---- 7-7 mmo is SNOoINU BUIWIAT ‘UINnIeyyeUuos0g “WhieyyeueyIy -------- Toren Ton anne nn peuMe BUIWe'T “BLOM ‘osqO ‘Uae ‘SIUI[AL “BlIB{IS “snueus![do “eo WoouTYyay 20) £0 (91029 9p Nae “--a[asiiq ya Bulule’y ‘auyIVsSy © -auyoR \ “MeN “Osqo ‘Uap ‘“BLIBySIqY “sAyo -ejsojde1jg ‘auyoBuoy; ‘euyoeUeUIA “eryueueeyqyay “uINueRelVg “UINdUBd -~----------7 7-7 + one n------ Snoo1jNUl BUIUIE'T ‘eixnadeq ‘“wo#0dostuy -------------------------------- peuaMe BUlUaT ‘uoZodvouugq ‘uoZodouwiAyH ----xede mojaq apsiig “B1OYIVIT, ‘UMS ---aysuiq WILK vurUe’yT -OIpUOyYH = “enofajnog -‘uInI,ApOAYOBIG ------- [BUTULI9} BTS . “euUYaBIIO,) “osqo “ddfy “UOpouAD “BOTyoo[IGD ‘stIB[eyd ~~------------ 7-7-2 - ee “""""SnooIqnul BUIWe’] ‘smmge’T ------- yoeq WO ayy ‘uozodejuag ‘eplysiiy ‘uMseqyeiyyty --------- [BUTUIIO] UM YJ ------ 77 poume BUIWoT] ‘uoZ0d0jinD ‘vuUID ‘“slady ----xoede molaq epsug “SLIBIWVYO ‘“BIOQIAL ‘WinuIes ~-apsliq LAA VUE] “Opod “Busmo[D ‘“BlZiequeTyNL “8ZAIQ ~~~ --~-peuyuriey apsiig ‘doOyoIL "osqo ‘tan "snjoqoiodg + -‘euljyiedg ‘uoyuopouqoy ‘unesqd ‘“worqooajexR ‘smaviy, ‘sIsdAIQ) ----------------------------- snoo]jNUl BUIMIaT ‘guyoBqo[OD ‘sIJsOIdy -------- aseq M01] uMy ‘UINIPIIysefp) ~-----xede mojaq uMY ‘augoeydedjg ‘osqo ‘uopy “UMIEqY 0 —“—ts—sCSCO eee pouaMe emma] -euygoy ‘sisdozA1g -edijg ‘umusoqyeidig --------- [SUIUII9] UM y ‘uod0dAjog ~---xade mojeq asig “RITA | ¢ OSH ULM BUlUoT “STUNJaVyD «= “SIJSOIZBUIRTBOQ «= ‘smUeLIg ~------ [VUIUIIE} esUg *BLIVUIIAY ‘osqo “den “MINIT ‘sndouoxy ‘mnt -edseq ‘“eiselag ‘sisAiyootg ‘eyeieduly --~-------------------------- Ssnooljnu VulMe’T “UINnIvVyIVg “sljOlag ‘“UINIPOYyoy, ~----- "777-7777 - 7 nn rr rere snooyjnul vuIUe’] ‘snneisy ‘“smimoedopy ‘eejdoonusiog -~------------------------------ peumMe BUlUe’] "eyjaidsy ‘eishoZ ~---~---~------------- sound ynoyyA sjojayIdg sialeleietaiataeeitatet -"-"-palemoy -Aueul-¢ sjapayidg—z yoag Totnes es cen ccna Jol[eus aq} 9UIN[S JamoyJ—}% “yoo ~~~ JosIB] 9} auIN[, JOMO'T *s}081q Z JO Jo10TT—'"E “dag ~"4oB1Q [JO Jeo, ‘sammnys qiim sjapoyrdg—'z “yoeg hala etelaialalalaiale T 401,099) ‘VOIGOHLYW VINYL yoojiod s4o10,.7 : AJ WOyoo ~-"snouredA[od $1910[q “pala -MOQ - AUBUL sya Tayxtdg WT J49 GOH ~ pelaMop-T $}9] “oxIdg :] yoYyoD| wrecsee ayBuloqye souINny,y ‘snonury -U0d SIXW ‘J eq axidg ouoyy ~ OATS TTP $9 ‘SUle[ey} ‘] Apeg 145 NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, ‘e10qdeiq :saNap aynosaCO "MintlledsojeuiMayg 9 ‘ellvulpuNIy-~~~"~--7777- 777 € Ssa[no[po'y "BadTUey ~~ T SO[NO[po'] --E SBUUZIVS *“poyred-g efA3g a:10(:]6 00 4-) @ ces % Se[No[po'y “BulUesg ~~~ 77 @ S8[NdIpo’]~ -z svuMai}sg -peyled-z afAq9 ~esnquleg ~~~" 7770 Tar ¢ Sarnorpo’y | . - -- *gnyseN- 777 z sonapornt é wuts ada erag “UIMOBAT] ~~~ OTT rrr rrr e[dulis BUlsI}S ‘NOILISOd NIVLUFOND dO VUANAD *SIOQINV 1078] JO (J[VY & PUL IOMO &) BIOBINDss sv oUIVS OUT, » *(D)814D) UME PUB (DJaF) O[ISIIG W99AK4eq TOT}BIVUVIBYIp 10] EF oded 9g ¢ “UInfleuAp) “xaypUdg ~~~ ~~ o-oo ooo rrr “""SNnOPOsOICE “77ers & °3098} --- -- Tenxesrun . . . 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The most striking genera are Lygeum, Nastus, Bambusa, Stemmatospermum * * *, For this reason I give a sort of appendix to my classification.? The researches of botanists will determine whether these plants should be included among the grasses (if they should it will not be difficult to arrange them in their respective places) or whether, as I surmise, they constitute a distinct order intermediate between Gramineae and Cy peraceae.” CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENERA IN BEAUVOIS’ ESSAY. Following is a list of the genera in Beauvois’ table, with the names in present use, if different, indicated by = sign. Where a generic name is misapplied by Beauvois, as in Arundo, the genus to which he refers (but which is not a true synonym) is given in parenthesis. Where two or more genera are included under a single new name, as in Piptatherum, the synonym is indicated by = sign, the other name by parenthesis. Beauvois’ application of generic names is determined by the species illustrated. Species which Beauvois evidently did not know and which are not congeneric with the species figured he also included in many cases. The list will enable the agrostologist to check up generic names as used in the Essay. Beauvois’ statement that the Gramineae were in disorder was true. The arrangement of genera was most artificial. Most pre-Linnaean authors recognized the Gramineae as a natural order including grasses, sedges, and rushes, and sometimes other plants with grass- like leaves. In Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum the grasses fall under seven classes, Monandria Monogynia, Diandria Digynia, Triandria Monogynia, Triandria Digynia (with 47 of the 58 genera), Hex- andria Digynia, Monoecia Triandria, Polygamia Monoecia. Authors using the Linnaean system reduced this distribution more or less. Swartz® so departed from the system as to place all the grasses together under Triandria. Jussieu® in his natural arrangement of genera places Gramineae under Plantae Monocotyledones with an excellent description of the family. The arrangement of genera is much less unnatural than under the Linnaean system and much more natural than Beauvois’ arrangement. Beauvois seems not to have seen Moench’s Methodus,’ in which a new classification, based on the position of the stamens, instead of their number, is proposed. The grasses are distributed under four widely separated divisions. ?Gramina incerti ordinis, pages 140-145, of the Essai, and plate 25. 5 prodr, Veg. Ind. Oce. 1788; Fl. Ind. Oce. 1. 1797. °“Gen, Pl. 1789. ™Meth. Pl. 1794. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 147 Of the works dealing only with grasses the arrangement is also artificial. In Schreber’s work * the genera are not arranged in any order. In Koeler® there are keys to genera and species in the form of tables. The arrangement is, in many parts, a close approach to a natural one, though in some cases closely allied genera are widely separated. The genera in the following list are arranged under the tribes and in the sequence used in the Gramineae in the United States National Herbarium. This, with relatively few exceptions, is that of Hackel’s ?° arrangement in Engler and Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien. TRIPSACEAE. NAZIEAE, Zea. Trachis (error for Trachys). Tripsacum. Anthephora. Coix. Aegopogon. Dimeria. Tragus=Nazia. ANDROPOGONEAE. | Neurachne. Imperata. Perotis. Saccharum. Zoysia=Osterdamia. Eriochrysis. MELINIDEAE. Krianthus. Pogonatherum. Melinis. Apluda (Anadelphia). Daw Calamina=Apluda. PANICEAE. Diectomis (Apluda). Anthaenantia. Ischaemum. Digitaria (Syntherisma). Colladoa=Ischaemum. Monachne= ?Eriochloa. Meoschium=Ischaemum. . Axonopus, Sehima=Ischaemum. ,aspalum, Lodicularia=Manisuris. Reimaria=Paspalum (Reimarochloa). Peltophorus= Manisuris. Ceresia=Paspalum. Rottboélla=Manisuris. Janicum. Manisuris (Rytilix). Streptostachys (=abnormal Pani- Ophiurus. cum). Elyonurus. . Urochloa= Panicum. Arthraxon. Ichnanthus. Andropogon. Hymenachne. Cymbachne (? Andropogon). Isachne. Anatherum=Andropogon. Oplismenus, Sorghum=Holcus. Echinochloa. Raphis (error for Rhaphis). Setaria=Chaetochloa. Heteropogon. Chamaeraphis. Themeda. Paractaenum. Anthistiria=Themeda. Pennisetum. * Beschr. Griis. 1769. °Descr. Gram. 1802. * Professor Hackel, in conversation with the writer and in letters, explained that his arrangement was tentative only. He hoped further study would result in a more natural order. Oryzeae, particularly, he regarded as an artificial tribe. 148 Gymnotrix=Pennisetum. Penicillaria=Pennisetum. Cenchrus. Xerochloa. Thuarea. Olyra. Lithachne. Spinifex. ORYZEAE. Oryza. Asprella=Homalocenchrus. Pharus. Leptaspis. Lygeum. ZIZANIEAE. Hydrochloa. Luziola. Zizania. Potamophila. PHALARIDEAE, Ehrartha (error for Ehrharta). Trochera=Ehrharta. Microlaena. Tetrarrhena. Phalaris. Anthoxanthum, Hierochloa=Torresia. Torezia (error for Torresia). AGROSTIDEAE. Aristida, Arthratherum= Aristida. Chaetaria= Aristida. Curtopogon=Aristida. Streptachne. Stipa. Achnatherum=Stipa. Oryzopsis. Milium. Piptatherum=Oryzopsis (Eriochloa). Muhlenbergia. Clomena= Muhlenbergia. Podosemum=Muhlenbergia. Brachyelytrum. Cornucopiae. Crypsis. Heleochloa. Phleum. Achnodonton=Phleum. Chilochloa=Phleum. Alopecurus. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Colobachne=Alopecurus. Mibora. Sporobolus, Vilfa=Agrostis (Sporobolus, lenbergia, and others). Chaeturus, Polypogon. Cinna. Agrostis. Agraulus= Agrostis. Apera=Agrostis. Trichodium=Agrostis. Gastridium. Calamagrostis. Deyeuxia=Calamagrostis. Psamma=Ammophila, Dipogonia=Diplopogon. Pentapogon. Lagurus. Muh- AVENEAE, Holeus (Notholcus). Eriachne. Achneria=Eriachne. Coelachne. Airopsis. Aira (Aspris). Corynephorus= Weingartneria. Deschampsia= Aira. Trisetum. Graphephorum=Trisetum. Trichaeta=Trisetum. Koeleria. Avena. Arrhenatherum. Gaudinia. Anisopogon. Danthonia. Pentameris. CHLORIDEAE. Microchloa. Cynodon=Capriola. Spartina. Campulosus. Chloris. Gymnopogon. Bouteloua. Chondrosium=Bouteloua. Triathera=Bouteloua. Dineba=Dinebra (Bouteloua). Beckmannia, Eleusine. Dactyloctenium. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 149 Leptochloa. Cynosurus, Diplachne=Leptochloa. Chrysurus= Achyrodes. Rabdochloa=Leptochloa. Sclerochloa. Schismus. FESTUCEAE. Poa. Pappophoruni. Glyceria=Panicularia. Enneapogon. Festuca. Pommereulla. Schenodorus= Festuca. Triraphis. Bromus. Echinaria. Ceratochloa= Bromus, Sesleria. Brachypodium. Elytrophorus. Gynerium. HOoRDEAF. Donax=Arundo. Nardus. Arundo (Phragmites). Lolium. Trichoon= Phragmites, Lepturus. Triodia. Monerma=Pholiurus. Tricuspis=Triodia. Agropyron. Triplasis. Secale. Molinia. Aegylops=Triticum. Eragrostis. Triticum. Megastachya=Centotheca (Eragros- | yJordeum. tis). Zeocriton= Hordeum. Catabrosa. Elymus. Wetrosia. Pariana. Melica. Diarrhena>=Diarina. BaMhosEAc. Centotheca, Arundinaria. Zeugites=Senites. Nastus. Orthoclada. Stemmatospermum=Nastus. Streptogyne. Uniola. Briza. Bambusa= Bambos. Calotheca=Briza. Diaphora (a sedge). Dactylis. Remirea (a sedge). METHODS OF WORK. In the present study the authors have had two main objects in view. (1) To typify the new genera proposed by Beauvois and to identify them. The descriptions of the new genera are translated, details of the lodicules, stamens, ovary, etc., being omitted. The selection of the type species is explained in each case. (2) To find the basis of the new combinations, which are mostly made in the index, and so far as possible to identify the species. The basis name has been ascertained in various ways: (a) The name with its author may be cited under the genus or referred in the index to the genus in question. (Example: Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv., based on “ Festuca fascicularis Lam.,” cited under the genus. ) (b) The name may be cited without its author, but the genus from which the species are transferred is cited with its author under the genus. (Example: Asprella hevandra (Swartz) Beauv., based on 150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leersia hexandrus Swartz, “Leersia Sw., Wild., Pers., etc.,” being cited under Asprella, and L. hexandra being one of Swartz’s species. ) The statement “ based on” indicates one of these two cases. Besides these we have ascertained the basis-name (c) when an incorrect authority is given, but when reference to the work of the author cited shows the original author. (Example: Deyeuxia acutiflora Beauv. Beauvois cites “Arundo acutiflora Wild.,” but in one of Willdenow’s works we find Arundo acutifora Schrad. This name is, therefore, taken as the basis of Meycuxia acutiflora (Schrad.) Beauv.) More complicated cases are explained individually. Since most of these transfers were made without knowledge of the plants, many of the new binomials do not belong in the genus to which they were transferred. The queries in the index are found to have little significance. They are placed not only after new combina- tions, but after old species names. They probably indicate that. Beauvois did not know the species so marked. In a few cases a name is transferred to two genera, as Leersia lenticularis Michx. transferred to Asprella and to Zizania. The identification of these older names, upon which Beauvois’ names are based, has been arrived at as follows: (a) By reference to records in the Grass Herbarium of type specimens examined (this includes a large part of the American species); (b) by referring the species in question to its typonym under the genus in which we place it, for example, Saccharum japonicum Thunb.=Miscanthus japonicus (Thunb.) Anderss.; (¢) by study of the original description compared with the material in the Grass Herbarium. The names to which Beauvois’ species are referred are not necessarily valid; they are the names that in our present state of knowledge appear to be the correct ones, and that are in current use in the Grass Herbarium. The statement “genus valid,” or “ valid” after a species name means only that these genera and names are accepted as valid at present in the Grass Herbarium. Some names we are not able to place precisely, or we find that the name has not been transferred to the accepted genus. This is true of several species of Calama- grostis. In so perplexing a group we do not wish to make new combinations that later may prove to be invalidated by older names. In May, 1923, Mrs. Chase visited the Delessert Herbarium in Geneva, where Beauvois’ herbarium is now preserved. The speci- mens mostly consist of fragments evidently obtained from various herbaria. Most of them are without data or with but a word or two, as “humb” [Humboldt], “de Jussieu,” or “ex Gay.” Many of the sheets contain names and diagnosis in Beauvois’ script, but relatively few of them agree with the Essay. A specimen of NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 151 Axvonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv., for example, is marked “Paspalum-humb[oldt] ” only. There is little that aids in the inter- pretation of the names in the Essay. There are several good speci- mens collected by Beauvois in Africa, the types of his Flore d’ Oware et Benin, but the rest of the herbarium must be the material Beauvois was bringing together for use in preparing the larger work planned (see page 137). The Essay seems to be based on but a small number of actual plants. In many cases, probably, Beauvois had only the specimen or fragment he secured for illustrating the genus. In some cases, as in [chnanthus and Diectomis, he obviously described the illustration, the description containing inaccuracies found in the illustration. GENERA OF THE NEW AGROSTOLOGY. [The genera are here given in the order used by Beauvois. Only genera in which there are new combinations are included. The other genera in- cluded by Beauvois may be found by reference to the Tabula Methodica and the rearrangement of genera following, All the pages containing names or references which aid in fixing the basis of his names are cited in each case.] GeN, II. ASPRELLA Schreb. Asprella hexandra Beauv. 2, 153, 166. Based on Leersia hezrandra Swartz=—Homalocenchrus herandrus (Swartz) Kuntze. Asprella lenticularis Beauv. 2, 153, pl. 3. f. 1. Based on Leersia lenticu- laris “ Wild. Pers.” Persoon™ gives Michaux as author.—Homalocenchrus lenticularis (Michx.) Kuntze. Asprella monandra Beauv. 2, 153, 166. Based on Leersia monandra Swartz=Homalocenchrus monandrus (Swartz) Kuntze. Asprella oryzoides Beauv. 2, 153, 172. pl. 4. f. 2. Based on Phalaris oryzoides L.=Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. Asprella virginica Beauv. 2, 153. Based on Leersia virginica Willd.= Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton. The earlier name Homalocenchrus is rejected by Beauvois as less apt than Asprella Schreb. ; GEN. IV. ALOPECURUS L. Alopecurus alpestris Beauv. Atlas pl. 1. f. 1; pl. 3. f. 19. This name is not given in the text. It may be an error for “agrestis” which is there listed. The figure on plate 1 represents a loosely flowered panicle of A. agrestis L. Figure 19, plate 3, shows the glumes of a different species, with long-ciliate keels, probably A. pratensis L. In the explanation the figure is called Alopecurus alpestris. Plate 1, figure 1 is taken as the type=A. agrestis L. Alopecurus granulatus Beauv. 4, 149. Name only. Alopecurus pedalis ‘“ Bose mss.”; Beauv. 4. Name only. Alopecurus phleiformis Beauv. 4. Name only. Alopecurus sericeus Beauv. 4, 150. “New species communicated by Jussieu.” In the index “ Lam.” is given as author. Lamarck” gives Gaertner "Syn. Pl. 1: 73. 1805, ®Tabl. Encycl. 1: 168. 1791; Encycl. 8: 772. 1808. 152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. as author. Gaertner’s description and illustration” identify the species as A. pratensis L. AGRAULUS Beauv.” “ Inflorescence * paniculate; panicle compound, more or less effuse; glumes longer than the floret; lemma emarginate at apex, awned from below the middle; awn plicate, twisted.” Agraulus caninus, the species figured, is taken as the type=Agrostis L. Agraulus alpinus Beauv. 5, 146. “Agrostis alpina Lin.” is referred to Agraulus. Probably Agrostis alpina Scop. given by Willdenow * was intended. That is valid in Agrostis. Agraulus caninus Beauv. 5, 146, 147. pl. 3. f. 2; pl. 4. f. 7. Based on Agrostis canina L. The figure on plate 3 represents a spikelet, and that on plate 4, a panicle and a dissected spikelet. Valid in Agrostis. Gen. V. TRICHODIUM [Michx.]. Trichodium elegans Leers; Beauv. 5, 147, 179. “ Agrostis elegans Leers. Poir.” The name is not found in Leers’ work. Poiret™ gives Thore as author. That is invalidated by A. elegans Salisb., 1796. It appears to be the same as Agrostis tenerrima Trin. Perotis is misspelled Perostis (p. 5). This is corrected in Errata, but the misspelled name has crept into synonymy. Perotis latifolia Ait. is misspelled “lazifolia”’ (p. 6). This is also corrected in Errata, Gen. VII. SACCHARUM L. Saccharum bifarium Forsk.; Beauv. 177. Referred to Imperata. Error for S. biforum Forsk. That is referred by Hackel*™ to 8S. spontaneum y¥ aegyptiacum (Willd.) Hack. Saccharum brevibarbe “ Michx.”; Beauv, 177. Referred to Erianthus. Er- ror for S. brevibarbe Pers. (based on Hrianthus brevibarbis Michx.). Valid in Frianthus. Gen, VIII. IMPERATA Cyrill. Imperata cylindrica Beauv. 8, 165, 166, 177. pl. 5. f. 1. Based on Lagurus cylindricus L. In the Beauvois Herbarium is a specimen of this species labeled in Beauvois’ script “ Saccharum cylindricum, de Jaum., St. Hilare.” Walid. Imperata kaenigii [koenigii] Pers.; Beauv. 165, 177. Based on Saccharum koenigii Retz. In Persoon’s Synopsis” Saccharum koenigii Retz. is placed under Section Imperata=a form of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. * Fruct. Sem. 1: 2. pl. l. f. 2. 1788. “See Beauvois’ statement that his proposed genera are left without number (page 40). “The term used by Beauvois is axis, but as explained in the glossary (page lxiv) this refers to what we term inflorescence. * Sp. Pl. 1: 368. 1797. ™Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 255. 1810. *DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 115. 1889, “Syn. Pl. 1: 103. 1805. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 153 Imperata spontanea Beauv. 8, 165. Based on Saccharum spontaneum L. Valid in Saccharum. Imperata thunbergii Beauv. 165. Name only. (Saccharum thunbergii Retz. is referred, page 177, to Imperata cylindrica.) ERIOCHRYSIS Beauv. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle contracted, somewhat spikelike; spike- lets in pairs or in threes; glumes villous, subobtuse, coriaceous-indurate, longer than the membranaceous lemma and palea.” Hriochrysis cayanensis, illustrated, is the type. Eriochrysis cayanensis Beauv. 8, pl. 4. f. 11. “I have found this beautiful plant in nearly all the herbaria I have examined. I have a specimen from M. de Lessert.” No locality is mentioned. In the Beauvois Herbarium is a fragmentary specimen named “ Eriochrysis” in Beauvois’ script. There is a diagnosis and an envelope marked “ porto rico.” The name suggests that Beauvois had seen a specimen from French Guiana. ‘The figure shows a panicle, branch, and spikelet. Eriochrysis pulchra Beauv. 162. Name only. GEN. IX. CERESIA Pers. Ceresia membranacea Beauv. 9. 171. pl. 5. f. 4. “ Paspalum membranaceum Lin.” is referred to Ceresia. ‘ Lin.” is probably an error for Lam. The figure referred to shows a raceme with broad-winged rachis and a spikelet with long pubescence. It was probably drawn from Paspalum membranaceum Lam..” not Walt. In Beauvois’ herbarium there is a specimen of this species marked “ Ceresia ”’ in Beauvois’ script. Lamarck’s specimen, from Peru, was examined in the Paris Herbarium. Ceresia elegans Pers.,” Paspalum ele- gangs Roem. & Schult.,” not Fliigge, and Panicum ceresia Kuntze™ are all based on Paspalum membranaceum Lam., which has heretofore lacked a tenable name=Paspalum ceresia (Kuntze) Chase. Gen. X. PASPALUM L. Paspalum brevisetum Fliigge; Beauv. 10, 171. Name only. Possibly Paspalum brevifolium Fliigge (=Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels) was intended. ° Paspalum frumentaceum Rottb.; Beauv. 10, 171. A name only, probably found in herbaria, for Roemer and Schultes * cite it as a synonym of Paspalum scrobiculatum L., and Hooker” refers to it as a cultivated form. Stapf ”™ publishes P. scrobiculatum var. frumentaceum and explains that this is the original P. frumentaceum of Linnaeus=Paspalum frumentaceum L. Paspalum lanuginosum “ Bosc mss.”; Beauv. 12. Name only, Paspalum subarticulatum Beauv. 11. Name only. Paspalum venustum Swartz; Beauv. 11, 172. Name only. AXONOPUS Beauv. 12. “Axis digitate; racemes simple, the spikelets on one side, etc., the other characters as in the preceding [Paspalum and Ceresia].” There is no illus- tration. 'Tabl. Encyel. 1: 177. 1791. * Syst. Veg. 2: 296. 1817. ™Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 1805. * FI. Brit. Ind. 7: 11. 1896. ™ Syst. Veg. 2: 290. 1817. * Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 575. 1919. = Rev. Gen. Pl. 37: 360. 1898. 154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Agronopus compressus is selected as the type of the genus because the spike- lets being solitary and sessile the racemes are more truly simple than in the species of Syntherisma included. The floret of Milium cimicinum is awned, hence that species can be excluded, since it does not agree with the key characters given in the Tabula Methodica. Agonopus aureus, having been received after the work was finished, was not considered in establishing the genus. Genus valid. Axonopus aureus Beauv. 12, 154. “After this work was finished, I owe to the generosity of M. de Lessert a plant in which the spikelets are provided at the base with golden hairs in-the form of an involucre.” This is all there is by way of description of this species. This “ points conclusively to one of the species with a cluster of golden hairs subtending the spikelets, these having a narrow rachis, not a broad one in which the spikelets are sunken as in A. chrysoblepharis. Following Trinius (Gram. Icon. 1: pl. 97. 1828) we take the common species with the smaller and glabrous spikelets to be the true A. aureus.” Valid. Axonopus compressus “Beauv. 12, 154, 167. Based on Milium compressum Swartz. Valid. Axonopus digitatus Beauv. 12, 154, 167. Based on Milium digitatum Swartz=Syntherisma digitata (Swartz) Hitche. Axonopus cimicinus Beauv. 12, 154, 167. Based on Milium cimicinum L.=Coridochloa cimicina (L.) Nees.” Axonopus paniceus Beauv. 12, 154, 168. Based on Miliwm paniceum Swartz=Syntherisma panicea (Swartz) Nash. Beauvois observes “This genus differs from the two preceding and the fol- lowing [Milium] only in the aspect and form of the axis of inflorescence. If Milium can be separated from Paspalum, because the inflorescence of the latter is a spike, composed of spikelets alternate or paired, the same char- acters should distinguish Azonopus in which the inflorescence is digitate; at least if one does not care to reunite the three genera, each forming a division of the single genus, which would, perhaps, be the most natural. It is for botanists to decide: it suffices for me to present my doubts.” The character of reversed spikelets in A. compressus and A. aureus was not noted. ‘ Gen. XI. MILIUM L. Milium elegans Beauv. 18, 168. Name only, cited (as “sp. nov.”) under Piptatherum. Milium hirsutum Beauv. 13. pl 5. f. 5. The illustration is recognizable as Valota insularis (L.) Chase. Beauvois observes that this species might con- stitute another genus. Gen. XII. ERIANTHUS Michx. Erianthus aureus Beauv. 14, 150, 162. Based on Andropogon aureus Bory. Beauvois gives Willdenow as the authority on page 14, but “ Bor. St.-Vin.” on page 150=Eulalia aurea (Bory) Kunth. Erianthus japonicus Beauv. 14, 162, 177. Based on Saccharum japonicum Thunb.=Miscanthus japonicus (Thunb.) Anderss. Erianthus ravennae Beauy. 14, 151, 162. Based on Andropogon ravennae L. Valid. * Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 135. 1911. > See Chase, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 157. 1911. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 155 Erianthus repens Beauv. 14, 162, 177. Based on Saccharum repens Willd. A species of Tricholaena. GEN. XIII. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Calamagrostis canadensis Beauv. 15, 152, 157. This is presumably based on Arundo canadensis Michx.; no authority is given for this name, which is referred to Calamagrostis. Valid. Calamagrostis confinis Beauv. 15, 152, 157. Based on Arundo confinis Willd. The name was again transferred to Calamagrostis by Nuttall.” This species, described from ‘“ America boreali,” has not yet been identified. Calamagrostis halleriana Beauv. 15, 152, 157. Arundo halleriana without author is referred to Calamagrostis. Arundo halleriana Gaudin, based on A. calamagrostis Hall., not L., is doubtless intended.—Calamagrostis villosa (Chaix) Mutel. Calamagrostis littorea Beauv, 15, 152, 157. “Arundo littorea Wild.” is re- ferred to Calamagrostis. Willdenow”™ gives Schrader as author. This is referred by Ascherson and Graebner™ to Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall.) Baumg. Gen. XV. VILFA Adans. The type of Vilfa Adans. is Agrostis stolonifera L., the only species re- ferred to™ by Adanson. Vilfa aemula Beauv. 16, 146, 181. Based on Agrostis aemula R. Br.= Agrostis retrofracta Willd. Vilfa africana Beauv. 16, 146, 181. Based on Agrostis africana, no author- ity given, presumably Poiret. Probably Sporobolus elongatus R. Br. Vilfa alba Beauv. 16, 146, 181. Based on Agrostis alba L.* Vilfa alopecurvides Beauv. 16, 146, 181. Based on Agrostis alopecuroides Lam.=Polypogon monspeliensis (I.) Desf. "Gen. Pl. 1: 47. 1818. * Enum. Pl. 127. 1809. "Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 216. 1899. ™=See Hitchcock, Genera of Grasses of the United States, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772: 127. 1920, for discussion of type. ; 3 The name Agrostis alba L. (Sp. Pl. 63. 1753) is of doubtful application. In the original publication the name is founded solely on the citation “ Roy. lugdb. 59” (Royen, Flora Leydensis). The Royen citation refers to Poa (apparently P. nemoralis). There are several sheets in Linnaeus’ her- barium, one of which bears the name Agrostis alba, in Linnaeus’ script. These specimens belong to the species generally called Agrostis alba, but, according to Jackson (Index to the Linnaean Herbarium, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 124th Sess. Suppl. 1912), these specimens were added to the her- barium after 1753 and can not, therefore, have weight in determining the original application of the name. Linnaeus did not refer, under Agrostis alba, to his flora of Sweden. It would appear that he did not intend to apply the name originally to a Swedish plant. The species usually known as Agrostis alba is common in Sweden, but apparently was included by Lin- naeus under A. stolonifera, to which it is closely allied. It was not until later that he applied the name to the species as now represented in his her- barium. Under these circumstances it seems best to drop the name Agrostis alba, as has been done by Piper (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 692, 1918) and by Stapf, as indicated in a letter to Piper.—Hitcheock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772: 128. 1920, 156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Vilfa arachnoidea Beauv. 147, 181. Based on Agrostis arachnoidea Poir.= Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Vilfa articulata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis articulata Poir. (Published as new by Poiret, but probably the same as A. articulata Brot., which is Chaeturus fasciculata Link.) Vilfa aspera Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis aspera Michx.= Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth. ; Vilfa australis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis australis [L. mis- applied by] Lam. Lamarck gives Linnaeus as author and quotes his diag- nosis, but adds a description which seems to apply to some species of Cala- magrostis, Beauvois distinguishes the species to which Lamarck applied the name from the Linnaean species, which he refers. to Gastridium. Vilfa barbata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis barbata Pers. Persoon ™ cites A. littoralis Lam. and quotes Lamarck’s diagnosis=Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth. Vilfa billardierii Beauv. 16, 147, 181, Based on Agrostis billardieri R. Br.= Calamagrostis billardieri (R. Br.) Steud. Vilfa capensis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on “ Agrostis capensis Thunb.” Presumably an error for A. capensis Willd. Under that species Willdenow cites “ Agrostis spicata Thunb.” and explains that the name must be changed because there is already a species of that name=Sporobolus capensis (Willd.) Kunth, which is probably the same as S. elongatus R. Br. Vilfa ciliata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. “ Agrostis ciliata Lin.” is referred to Vilfa. The only publication of A. ciliata previous to Beauvois is by Thunberg. Festuca thunbergit Kunth and Agrostis thunbergii Steud. are based on this name. This Japanese species has not been identified. From the description it appears to be a species of Agrostis. Vilfa coarctata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis coarctata Ehrh. Beauvois gives Koeler as authority for this, but Koeler® cites Ehrhart as author. A form of Agrostis stolonifera L. Vilfa composita Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis composita Poir. This is the basis of Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. Probably=Spo- robolus asper (Michx.) Kunth. Vilfa compressa Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis compressa Willd. A form of Agrostis stolonifera L. Vilfa coromandelina Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis coromandelina Retz. [error for coromandeliana Retz.]=Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth. Vilfa crinita Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Name only. “ Agrostis crinita Lam.” is referred to Vilfa. There is no species of this name in Lamarck’s works. Agrostis crinita Moench is referred to Polypogon, and A. crinita R. Br. to Apera. Vilfa cruciata Beauv. 16, 181. Name only. Agrostis cruciata, withcut authority, is listed under Vilfa, but on page 147 Agrostis cruciata L. (the only “cruciata” in the list, is referred to Chloris. Vilfa cylindrica Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis cylindrica R. Br.= Deyeuzia cylindrica (R. Br.) Benth., a species of Calamagrostis. Vilfa debilis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis debilis Poir. Referred by Bentham™ to Deyeugxia forsteri (Roem. & Schult.) Kunth, which is the same as Agrostis retrofracta Willd. “Syn. Pl. 1: 75. 1805. * Fr], Austral. 7: 579. 1878. *® Descr. Gram. 99, 1802. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 157 Vilfa decipiens Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis decipiens R. Br. A species of Calamagrostis. Vilfa decumbens Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis decumbens Gaudin. A form allied to A. stolonifera L. Vilfa densa Beauv. 16, 147, 181. ‘“ Agrostis densa Poir.” is referred to Vilfa. Beauvois gives Poiret as authority for this but Poiret™ credits the species to Marschall von Bieberstein=A. verticillata Vill. Vilfa dispar Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis dispar Michx.= Agrostis palustris Huds. Vilfa dulcis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis dulcis Poir. Probably a form of A. stolonifera L. Vilfa elongata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis :elongata Lam. Probably Sporobolus berteroanus (Trin.) Hitche. & Chase. Vilfa frondosa Beauv. 16, 147, 181. ‘“ Agrostis frondosa Lin.” is referred to Vilfa. This is evidently a mistake for A. frondosa Poir. This species, described from Germany, has not been identified. The description suggests Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. If that, the specimen must have been from a botanic garden. Vilfa gigantea Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis gigantea Roth. A form of A. stolonifera L. Vilfa hispida Beauv. 16, 147, 181. “Agrostis hispida” without author [presumably Willdenow] is referred to Vilfa. A form of A. capillaris L. Vilfa hybrida Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis hybrida Gaudin. A form of A. canina L. Vilfa involuta Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis involuta Poir. Valid in Agrostis. Vilfa lateriflora Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on “ Agrostis laterifolia Mich.” {error for lateriflora Michx.]=Muhlenbergia mezicana (L.) Trin. Vilfa lenta Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis lenta Ait. Probably Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels. Vilfa linearis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis linearis Retz.= Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze. Vilfa littoralis Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis littoralis Lam.= Sporobolus littoralis (Lam.) Kunth. Vilfa lobata Beauv. 16, 147, 181. Based on Agrostis lobata R. Br. A species of Calamagrostis. Vilfa lutosa Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis lutosa Poir.=Poly- pogon lutosus (Poir.) Hitche. Vilfa magellanica Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis magellanioa Lam. Valid in Agrostis. Vilfa maritima Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis maritima Lam. Valid in Agrostis. Vilfa mexicana Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis mexicana L.=Muhlen- bergia mexicana (L.) Trin. Vilfa montana Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis montana R. Br.= Deyeuxia montana (R. Br.) Benth., a species of Calamagrostis, not C. mon- tana Host (1809) nor DC. (1815). Vilfa novae-hollandiae Beauv. 181. Name only. Vilfa nutans Beauv. 16, 148, 181. Based on Agrostis nutans Poir. Described from South Carolina. The type has not been examined. The * Tam. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 256. 1810. 158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. description applies well to Panicum anceps Michx. to which Poiret later ™ suggests it belongs. Vilfa panicea Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis panicea Lam.= Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. Vilfa parviflora Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis parviflora R. Br. Valid in Agrostis. Vilfa patula Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis patula Gaudin. A species allied to A. stolonifera L, Vilfa pilosa Beauv. 16, 148, 182. “ Agrostis pilosa Gaud.” is referred to Vilfa. Gaudin gives Schleicher as author. Referred by Ascherson and Graeb- ner “ to Calamagrostis tenella var. mutica Koch. Vilfa plebeia Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis plebeia R, Br.= Calamagrostis plebeia (R. Br.) Kuntze. Vilfa procera Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis procera Retz. “Agrostis procera R. Brow” and “A. procera Retz” are both referred to Vilfa. This name is not found in Robert Brown’s work. Thysanolaena procera Jan, is based on Agrostis procera Retz, Vilfa pumila Beauv. 16, 148, 182. Based on Agrostis pumila L, Chilochloa arenaria Beauv. 37, 158, 173. Based on Phleum arenarium L. Valid in Phleum. Chilochloa aspera Beauv. 37, 158, 173. ‘ Phalaris aspera Lin.” is referred to Chilochloa. Willdenow”™ cites “Sp. Pl. ed. W. 1. 328” after Phalaris aspera. Beauvois seems to have assumed that Linnaeus is the author. In his edition of the Species Plantarum Willdenow gives Lamarck as author of P. aspera=Phieum paniculatum Huds. Chilochloa boemerii Beauv. 37, 158, 173. Based on Phleum boé[h]meri Wib. This is based on Phalaris phleoides L.=Phleum phleoides (L.) Karst. Chilochloa cuspidata Beauv. 37, 158, 172. Name only. Chilochloa hispida Beauv. 158. Name only. Chilochloa michelii Beauv. Atlas pl. 7, f. 3. (See above.) This is not based on Phleum michelii, which is listed under Phleum; nor is that repre- sented by the figure, which we are unable to identify. Chilochloa paniculata Beauv. 37, 158, 172. Based on “ Phalaris panicu- lata Ait.,” which is based on Phleum paniculatum Huds. Valid in Phlewm. Caelachne (page 38) is misspelling of Coelachne R. Br. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. 39. * Inflorescence spicate; spike s'mple; spikelets pedicellate, alternate; glumes unequal, shorter than the floret, the lower one-fourth as long; lemma of fertile floret terminating in a very long bristle; palea bifid; abortive floret rudimentary, pedicellate, pubescent, clavate.” Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb., the species figured, is the type. Genus valid. Brachyelytrum erectum Beauv. 39, 155. pl. 9. f. 2. Based on Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. Valid. Gen. XXXVII. TRIATHERA Desv. Triathera juncea Desv.; Beauv. 40. pl. 9. f. 4=Bouteloua juncea (Desv.) Hitehe. The source of the plant is not given. Desvaux™ gives the habitat as Hispaniola. Gen, XXXVIITI. BOUTELOUA Lag. Bouteloua melicoides Horn.; Beauv. 40, 155. pl. 9. f. 6. Doubtless an error for B. melicaeformis Brouss.; Hornem.=B, curtipendula (Michx.) Torr, Gen. XXXIX. CHONDROS[IJ]UM Desv. Chondros[iJum ciliatum Beauv. 41, 158. Name only. Chondros[iJum humile Beauv. 41, 158. Name only. Later described by Kunth "=Bouteloua simplex Lag. Anum. Pl. 1: 84. 1809. ™ Journ. de Bot. Desv. 1: 67. 1813. ™H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 175. pl. 56. 1816. 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Chondros[iJum procumbens Desv.; Beauv. 41, 158. pl. 9. f. 7. The source of the specimen is not given. Under the genus “ Chloridis spec. Durand” is cited. The name is probably based on Chloris procumbens Durand. Des- vaux “ bases the genus on Chloris procumbens Durand=Bouteloua procum- bens (Durand) Griff. * Chondros[iJum tenue Beauv. 41, 158. Name only. Later described by Kunth “=Boutcloua procumbens (Durand) Griff. Beauvois cites “Actinochloa Wild. mss.” and “ Actinochloa tenuis, ciliata, humilis Wild. mss.” under Chond- rosium, and states that they were given to him by Willdenow, during his visit to Paris, and that they were brought back by Humboldt and Bonpland, All are names only. ; Actinochloa Willd.; Beauv. 41. Roemer and Schultes ® describe Actinochloa Willd, reducing Chondrosium to a synonym of it. Actinochloa tenuis Willd.; Beauv. 41. Published by Roemer and Schultes ® =Bouteloua procumbens (Durand) Griff. Actinochloa ciliata Willd.; Beauv. 41. Actinochloa humilis Willd.; Beauv. 41. Published by Roemer and Schultes™ =Bouteloua simplex Lag. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. 41. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, open; branches elongate, alter- nate; spikelets sessile, remote, alternate; glumes lanceolate, acute, longer than the floret; lemma of fertile floret bifid-dentate, bearing a bristle below the apex ; abortive floret consisting of a rudimentary nerved plicate naked lemma.” Andropogon ambiguus Michx., the only species cited under the description, is the type. Genus valid. Gymnopogon racemosus Beauy. 41, 164. pl. 9 f. 3. Evidently a change of name for Andropogon ambiguus Michx., with which the figure agrees=@Q. ambiguus (Michx.) B. 8S. P. ECHINOPOGON Beauv. 42. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, the branches congested into a small head; glumes acute, subequal, shorter than the floret; lemma of fertile floret bristle-bearing below the entire apex; palea bifido-dentate; abortive floret a pedicellate pilose clavate rudiment.” “Agrostis ovata Labill” [error for Forst., correctly given in the index], the only species included, is the type. Genus valid. Echinopogon ovatus Beauv. 42, 148, 161, pl. 9. f. 5. Based on Agrostis ovata Forst. Valid. GEN. XLI. DEYEUXIA Clar. Mss.; Beauv. 43. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; glumes membranaceous, much longer than the floret; fertile floret lanuginose-pilose at base, the lemma and palea bifid-dentate, the lemma awned from the back above or below the middle; abortive floret a pedicellate rudiment, the pedicel filiform, pilose, subclavate, the “ claya” bristle-bearing” * Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 188. 1810. “H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 176. pl. 57. 1816. *® Syst. Veg. 2: 22, 417. 1817. Syst. Veg. 2: 418. 1817. ™ Syst. Veg. 2: 417. 1817. NILES—BEAUVOIS’” AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 169 Deyeuria montana Beauy., the first of the three species figured, is taken as the type. The figure of the floret agrees with the statement that the club- shaped pedicel bears a bristle. The structure shown is not found in any of the species of the genus. The drawing is doubtless due to faulty observation of the pencil of hairs at the tip of the rachilla joint=Calamagrostis, the sec- tion in which the rachilla joint is prolonged behind the palea. All the Amer- ican’ species of Calamagrostis belong to this section. Maintained as valid by Pilger and others. Deyeuxia acutiflora Beauv. 44, 152, 160. “Arundo acutifiora Wild.” is re- ferred to Deyeuxia. Willdenow™ cites Schrader as author=Calamagrostis acutifiora (Schrad.) DC, Deyeuxia airoides Beauv. 44, 152, 160. “ Arundo airoides Mich. ined.” is referred to Deyeuria. Arundo airoides Lam. was described from a plant col- lected in North America by Michaux and is probably the species Beauvois had in mind. The species has not yet been identified. Lamarck’s description suggests Tristewm melicoides (Michx.) Scribner, which was collected by Michaux and described by him as Aira melicoides. Deyeuxia arundinacea Beauv. 160; Atlas 11. pl. 15. f. 11. No locality is given. See discussion under Ampelodesma (page 185). Deyeuxia montana Beauv. 44, 153, 160. pl. 9. f. 9. Arundo montana Gaudin is referred to Deyeuxia, but the figure does not agree with the description of Arundo montana Gaudin. In that the awn is from near the base. Figure 9 shows a species of Calamagrostis with a lemma bearing an awn from near the apex. Beauvois’ figure is unidentifiable. Arundo montana Gaudin= Calamagrostis varia (Schrad.) Host. Deyeuxia sedenensis Beauv. 44, 153, 160. pl. 9. f. 10. “ Arundo sedenensis Décand.” is referred to Deyeuxia. This presumably is an error for A. seden- ensis Loisel. The name is not found in DeCandolle’s work=Calamagrostis sedenensis (Loisel.) Loisel., generally referred to C. varia (Schrad.) Host. Gen. XLII. PANICUM L. Panicum floridum “Retz. Wild.”; Beauv. 169. Evidently an error for P. favidum Retz., included in Willdenow’s Species Plantarum. Panicum glaucescens Beauv. 169. Name only, referred to Arundinaria. (See Arundinaria glaucescens. page 209.) Panicum quale L.; Beauv. 170. Name only, referred to Setaria viridis. PARACTAENUM Beauv. ‘47. “Intlorescence paniculate; panicle simple; spikelets appressed to the axis and subimmersed in its cavities; glumes obtuse, the lower half as long as the upper; lower floret neuter, its lemma and palea herbaceous; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea coriaceous-indurate, glabrous.” “Oss. ... Paractaenum has an aspect quite distinct in the summit of its axis terminating in a point or sort of spine, a character of which Dineba alone [Bouteloua is meant] offers an example. * * * I suppose it is de- scribed in the interesting work of Robert Brown; but as my specimen is abortive or mutilated I can not place it satisfactorily in any of his genera.” Paractaenum novae-hollandiae, the only, species, is the type. Miss Hughes ® examined a specimen in the British Museum, sent from Paris in 1816 and named Paractaenum novae-hollandiae Beauv. “It was collected by Leschen- *™ Enum. Pl. 1: 127. 1809. ” Kew. Bull. Mise. Inf. 1923: 287. f. 1-6. 1923. 213871—25——4 170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, ault in ‘fles Stériles’ (probably Shark’s Bay) in 1802, and is possibly the plant described by Beauvois, as it is very similar to his illustration. The analyses of the spikelet agree perfectly, but the drawing is incorrect in that each spikelet really lies in a cavity between a bristle (which is broad, flat, and either acuminate or obtuse) and the flattened rhachis.” The plant is a depauperate specimen of the species hitherto called Panicum reversum F. Muell. Miss Hughes gives an emended description and correct illustration and points out that the short branches are reversed at maturity and readily disarticulate, as in Plagiosetum Benth. to which it is related. Genus valid. Paractaenum novae-hollandiae Beauv. 47. pl. 10. f. 6. Valid. ANTHAENANTIA Beauv. 48. “ Inflorescence paniculate; panicle‘nearly simple; glumes subequal, concave, herbaceous; lower floret neuter, the lemma and palea membranaceous, oppo- site, placed contrariwise to the perfect floret; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea subcartilaginous.” Phalaris villosa Michx., the only species included, is the type. Genus valid, The figure of the spikelet shows two white lanceolate organs, like a Jemma and palea, placed crosswise in front of the fertile floret. There is no such structure in the species cited, which the figures of the panicle and closed spike- let well represent. The name is derived from avééw flower and évayriws Con- trary. Kunth™ says that Beauyois must have split the palea of the sterile floret, and have mistaken the parts for lemma and palea of a lower floret, having mistaken the sterile lemma for the [first] glume. [The first glume is wanting]. This is undoubtedly the correct explanation. In the index the name is spelled Anthenantia. Anthaenantia villosa Beauv. 48, 151. pl. 10. f. 7. Based on Phalaris villosa Michx. Valid. HYMENACHNE Beauv. 48. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, spikelike; branches contracted; zlumes unequal, herbacous, acute, the lower much shorter; lower floret neuter, the lemma acute, the palea very short, membranaceous, hyaline; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea herbaceous, membranaceous, acute.” “Agrostis myuros Lam. monostachya Poir.” are cited. Beauvois doubtless meant Panicum myuros Lam., but he misunderstood that species as shown by the figure named H. myuros. That represents Agrostis monostachya Poir., which is therefore taken as the type. This is Hymenachne amplezicaulis (Rudge) Nees. The type specimens of both species cited by Beauvois were ex- amined by A. S. Hitchcock in the Paris Herbarium. Genus valid. Hymenachne myuros Beauv. 49, 165. pl. 10. f. 8. The name is based on Agrostis [error for Panicum] myuros Lam. Lamarck’s species is Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase, but the figure is H. amplexicaulis, MONACHNE Beauv. 49. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; glumes subequal, villous, longer than the floret; lower floret staminate, the lemma membranaceous, hya- line, the palea wanting; upper floret perfect the lemma coriaceous-indurate, entire.” Monachne unilateralis Beauv. pl. 10. f. 9, and Saccharum reptans Lam., f. 10, are cited and figured. Figure 9, showing a repeatedly branching panicle, a ©" Rév. Gram. 2: 217. 1830, NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 171 raceme, and a displayed spikelet enlarged, is not identifiable. It was probably drawn from more than one species, one of them, judging from the globular structure at the base of the spikelet, being a species of Eriochloa. The lemma shown in this spikelet is not awned. The first species being unidentifiable, the second, Saccharum reptans Lam, (Monachne racemosum Beauv.) is taken as the type. This is a South American species of Panicum, P. reptans (Lam.) Kunth, not L., allied to P. urvilleanum Kunth. Kunth’s name being untenable, P. racemosum (Beauv.) Spreng. is the valid name. The source of Beauvois specimen is not given=Panicum L. Monachne racemosa Beauy. 168. pl. 10, f. 10. In the text (page 49) this figure is cited as “Saccharum reptans ? Lam.” but in the Atlas it is called Monachne recemosa=Panicum racemosum (Beauy.) Spreng. (See above.) Monachne unilateratis Beauv. 49. pl. 10. f. 9. Unidentifiable. (See above. ) GEN. XLII. STREPTOSTACHYS Desv. Desvaux described this genus from a specimen -having abnormal elongate falcate spikelets, consisting of many sterile lemmas. A. 8S. Hitchcock ex- amined Desvaux’s specimens in the Paris Herbarium. One had normal spike- lets, one abnormal, and one had both kinds. Streptostachys hirsuta Beauv. 50. pl. 10. f. 11=Panicum asperifolium (Desv.) Hitche. (Panicum vaginaeforum Steud. is the same species, ) GEN. LIV. DIGITARIA Hall. Digitaria filiformis Beauv. 51, 160, 169. “Panicum filiforme Wild.” is referred to Digitaria. Willdenow™ gives Linpaeus as author=Syntherisma filiformis (.) Nash. Digitaria gibbosa Beauv. 160, 169. Based on Panicum gibbosum R. Br.= _Syntherisma gibbosa (R. Br.) Chase. Digitaria glabra Beauv. 51, 169. Panicum glabrum Gaudin is referred to Digitaria. Gaudin’s name is based on Syntherisma glabra Schrad.=S8. ischaemum (Schreb.) Nash. Digitaria longifolia Pers.; Beauv. 10, 160. Error for longifiora. Persoon gives Retzius as author of Paspalum longiforum=Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels. Digitaria papposa Beauv. 51, 160,170. Based on Panicum papposum R. Br. Digitaria papposa is credited to R. Br. on page 160=Leptoloma papposa (R. Br.) Hughes. Digitaria propinqua Beauv. 51, 160, 170. Based on Panicum propinquum R. Br. Digitaria propinqua is credited to R. Br. on page 160—Syntherisma longiflora (Retz.) Skeels. Digitaria tenuiflora Beauv. 51, 160, 171. Based on Panicum tenuiflorum R. Br. Digitaria tenuiflora is credited to R. Br. on page 160=Syntherisma longifilora (Retz.) Skeels. Digitaria thunbergii Beauv. 51. Name only. Digitaria velutina Forsk.; Beauv. 51. Name only. SETARIA Beauv. 51. [Not Setaria Ach. 1798, nor Michx. 1803.] “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, spikelike; bristles of the spike- let 2 to many, subinvolucrate; lower glume small; lower floret neuter or staminate; lemma and palea [of perfect floret] coriaceous-indurate.” “Sp. Pl. 1: 343. 1797. 172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Fourteen species are listed, S. viridis, being illustrated, is taken as the type "=Chaetochloa Scribn. Setaria erubescens Beauv. 51, 169, 178. Based on Panicum erubescens Willd. This species, from the island of St. Thomas, has not been identified. The brief diagnosis suggests Pennisetum setosum (Swartz) Rich. Setaria geniculata Beauv. 51, 169, 178. “Panicum geniculatum Wild.” is referred to Setaria. Willdenow ® cites “ Hornem. cat. hort. haf. p. 28. Habi- tat in Antillis.”| In Hornemann™ this is a name only, with Vahl as author. The name is not found in Vahl’s works. Willdenow’s description applies fairly well to Chaetochloa geniculata (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase. Setaria germanica Beauv. 51, 169, 178. Based on Panicum germanicum Willd. A form of Chaetochloa italica (1..) Seribn. Setaria glauca Beauy. 51, 169, 178. Based on Panicum glaucum V.=Pen- nisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.® Setaria italica Beauv. 51, 170, 178. Based on “Panicum italicum Wild.” Willdenow ® places “ W.” after his description, but this must imply that the description is original, not taken from Linnaeus. Several references cited by Linnaeus are given=Chaetochloa italica (L.) Seribn. Setaria muricata Beauv. 51, 170, 178. Based on Panicum muricatum Michx. =KEchinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. (Held distinct by some as H. muricata (Michx.) Fernald.) Setaria purpurea Beauy. 51, 170, 178. Based on Panicum purpureum Ruiz & Pav. This Peruvian species has not been identified. Setaria sericea Beauy. 51, 171, 178. Based on Panicum sericeum Ait. This species, described from plants grown from seed from the West Indies, has not been identified. The description suggests Pennisteum setosum (Swartz) Rich., but does not wholly agree with that. Setaria setosa Beauy. 51, 171, 178. Based on Panicum setosum Swartz= Chaetochloa setosa (Swartz) Scribu. Setaria verticillata Beauv. 51, 171, 178. Based on Panicum verticillatum L.=Chaetochloa verticillata (L.) Scribn. Setaria villosa “ Lin.”; Beauv. 51, 171, 178. Name only. Setaria viridis Beauv. 51, 171, 178. pl. 13. f. 3. Based on Panicum viride L.=Chaetochloa viridis (1..) Seribn. Setaria umbrosa Beauv. 51, 178. Name only, Setaria vulpina Beauv. 51, 171, 178. Based on Panicum vulpinum Willd.= Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link. Setaria longiseta Beauv. Fl. Owar. 2: 81. pl. 110. 1818.% The type, col- lected by Beauvois in Oware, Africa, was examined in the Delessert Her- barium. This species was referred to Pennisetum by Schumann®™ and placed in subseries Beckeropsis of Pennisetum by Leeke,® but the Beauvois specimen does not belong in Pennisetum. It is the species represented by Stolz no. * See Hitecheock, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 156, 208. 1920. * Boum. Pl. 1031. 1809. “num. Pl. Hort. Hafn. 28. 1807. * See Chase, Amer, Journ. Bot. 8: 41-49, 1921. * Sp. Pl. 1: 336. 1797. “The date on the title page is 1807, but the fascides were issued at irregular intervals, (See pages 173, 213.) * Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C: 105. 1895. * Zeitschr. Naturw. 79: 28. 1907. NILES—BEAUVOIS’” AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 173 1384 from Kyimbila, Africa, distributed by the Berlin Herbarium as Setaria longiseta Beauv.=Chaetochloa longiseta (Beauv.) Chase. UROCHLOA Beauv. 52. “Inflorescence spicate; spike compound, the spikelets alternate or opposite ; spikelets subgeminate, subinvolucrate with few (2 or 3) hairs; lower glume very small; lower floret staminate, the lemma and palea herbaceous; upper floret perfect, the lemma and _ palea coriaceous-indurate, transversely wrinkled, the lemma terminating in a short bristle.” Urochloa panicoides Beauv., is the only species=Panicum panicoides (Beauv.) Hitche. Urochloa is maintained as valid by Stapf® for the group containing Panicum reptans L. and other species in which the panicle con- sists of racemes borne on a main axis, the group Fasciculata of Hitchcock and Chase in North American Species of Panicum.” Urochloa panicoides Beauv. 53. pl. 11. f. 1. From Isle of France com- municated by Jussieu=Panicum panicoides (Beauv.) Hitche. This species had been confused with Panicum helopus Trin., from which it is distinct.” ECHINOCHLOA Beauv, 53, “Inflorescence spicate; spike compound; racemes alternate; spikelets uni- lateral; glumes and sterile lemma hirsute, acute, the lowest small, its base convolute; lower floret staminate or neuter, the lemma and palea herbaceous, the lemma long-acuminate or bearing a_ bristle, the palea bifid-dentate ; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea coriaceous-indurate, the lemma acuminate.” Panicum crusgalli, the species figured, is taken as the type. Genus valid. Echinochloa cruscorvi Beauv. 53, 161, 169. Based on Panicum cruscorvi L. Probably a form of FE. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. Echinochloa crusgalli Beauv. 53, 161, 169. pl. 11, f. 2. Based on Panicum crusgalli L. Valid. Echinochloa echinata Beauv. 53, 161, 169. Based on Panicum echinatum Willd. This species has not been identified.” Echinochloa lanceolata Beauv. 53, 161, 170. Based on Panicum lanceolatum Retz. The original description suggests Oplismenus to which Kunth trans- ferred this name. Echinochloa setigera Beauv. 53, 161, 171. Based on Panicum setigerum Retz. The description suggests Oplismenus. Echinochloa stagnina Beauv. 53, 161, 171. Based on Panicum stagninum Retz. Valid. OPLISMENUS Beauv. Fl. Owar. 2: 14. pl. 68. f. 1. 1809." Based on a single species, O. africanus Beauv. The type, consisting of two good specimens, collected by Beauvois in Oware, Africa, was examined in the Delessert Herbarium. The plants agree with the plate and are not In Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 586, 1920. ="Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 35. 1910. "See Hitchcock, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 551. 1919. *8 See Hitchcock, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 153. 1920. “The dates at which the fascicles of this work were issued are somewhat uncertain. The date on the title page of vol. 2 is 1807, but in the discussion of Oplismenus (p. 15) a paper read to the Institute on September 25, 1809, is referred to. 174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. O. burmanni, the species represented by Zenker & Staudt 515, from Kamerun, Africa, the spikelet of which was figured as O. africanus by Chase.” Beauvyois’ specimens are allied to O. hirtellus. Genus valid. Oplismenus bromoides Beauv. 54, 168, 169. Based on Panicum bromoides Lam.=0O. burmanni (Retz.) Beauv. Oplismenus burmanni Beauv. 54, 168, 169. Based on Panicum burmanni Retz. Valid. Oplismenus compositus Beauv. 54, 168, 169. “ Panicum compositum Burm.” is referred to Oplismenus. Burmann™ gives Linnaeus as author, Valid. Oplismenus elatior Beauv. 54, 168, 169. Based on “ Panicum elatior Lin.” [error for elatius]. Probably O. compositus. Oplismenus foliaceus Beauv. 54. Error for loliaceus, Panicum loliaceum Lam. being referred to Oplismenus (page 168). Oplismenus helvolus Beauv. 54, 168, 170. Based on Panicum helvolum L. A species of Chaetochloa. Oplismenus hirtellus Beauy. 54, 168, 170. Based on Panicum hirtellum UL. Valid. Oplismenus loliaceus Beauv. 168, 170. Based on Panicum loliaceum Lam.= O. compositus (L.) Beauy. Oplismenus undulatifolius Beauv. 54, 168, 171. Name only. “Panicum undulatifolius And.” [error for Ard.] is referred to Oplismenus burmanni, and “ Panicum undulatifolium Lin.” doubtfully to Oplismenus. There is no Pani- cum undulatifolium L. Panicum undulatifolium Ard.=O. undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult.” MELINIS Beauv. 54. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; lower glume minute, entire; upper glume 3 or 4 times larger, the apex emarginate, cordate-mucronate ; lower. floret neuter, the lemma herbaceous, the apex sub-bilaciniate, bearing a long bristle between the lobes, the palea wanting; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea coriaceous-indurate ; lemma sub-bidentate, muticous.” Melinis minutiflora, is the only species. Genus valid. Melinis minutiflora Beauv. 54. pl. 11. f. 4. A plant from Rio Janeiro was communicated by Jussieu. Valid. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. 55. “ Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound, effuse ; glumes membranaceous, Shorter than the florets; lower floret staminate, the lemma bilaciniate at the apex, the lobes often erose-ciliate, awned from below the middle of the back, the palea membranaceous, hyaline, bifid-dentate * = * *; upper floret per- fect, the lemma and palea bifido-dentate, the lemma awned below the apex, the awn short, rather inconspicuous.” Avena elatior L., the first species cited and the one illustrated in the figure referred to by Beauvois, is the type. Genus valid. Arrhenatherum americanum Beauv. 56, 152. Name only, Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv. 152, 153. pl. 11. f. 5. A change of name for Avena clatior = Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Mert. & Koch, Arrhenatherum precatorium Beauv. 56, 152, 154. pl. 1. f. 2. Based on Avena precatoria Thuill.=Arrhenatherum elatius tuberosum (Gilib.) Halicsy. * Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 152, 1911. *H1, Ind. 25. 1768. * Syst. Veg. 2: 482, 1817. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 175 POGONATHERUM Beauv. 58. “Culm branching; inflorescence spicate; spike simple; glumes villous at base, the lower muticous, the upper bearing a long bristle; lower floret neuter, the lemma and palea membranaceous, muticous; upper floret perfect, the lemma awned from the back.” Saccharum paniceum Lam., cited under the genus and the basis of P. saccharoideum, is the type. Genus valid. Pogonatherum saccharoideum Beauv, 176. pl. 11. f. 7. Evidently a change of name for Saccharum paniceum=P. paniceum (Lam.) Hack. ICHNANTHUS Beauv. 56. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; spikelet 3-flowered; glumes unequal, the lower shorter and broader, the apex bifid-dentate, mucronate between the teeth; lowest floret neuter, the lemma muticous, the palea wanting ; middle floret incomplete, abortive, the lemma and palea cartilaginous, oppo- site, placed contrariwise to the other florets; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea coriaceous-indurate, muticous, entire.” The structure mistaken for an abortive middle floret is the pair of wings at the base of the fertile lemma which in J. panicoides, the type species, are unusually large.” Genus valid. Ichnanthus panicoides Beauy. 57. pl. 12. f. 1. “ Croit dans l’Amerique méridionale . . . communiquée par M. Desfontaines.” Valid. GEN. XLVI. CENCHRUS L. Cenchrus gracilis Beauv. 57, 157. Name only, for a specimen communi- cated by Bosc. Cenchrus orientalis Beauv. 157. Referred to Pennisetum; probably the Willdenow herbarium name cited by Richard” as a synonym of Pennisetum orientale L. Rich. is intended. Cenchrus spinifer Beauv. 57. Error for spinifea. Gen. XLVIII. PENICILLARIA Swartz. Penicillaria cylindrica Beauv. 59, 172. Name only. Gen. XLIX. PENNISETUM L. Rich. Pennisetum amethistinum [amethystinum] Beauv. 59, 172. Name only. GYMNOTHRIX Beauv. 59. “Inflorescence spicate; spike simple; fascicles involucrate, the involucre simple, setose, the setae glabrous, unequal, one of them twice as long 4s the rest; spikelet one [to a fascicle] ; glumes unequal, the lower truncate ; lower floret neuter; upper floret perfect, the lemma and palea acute.” Gymnothriz thuarii is the only species included=Pennisetum L. Rich. ; commonly regarded as a subgenus, including species in which the bristles are not plumose. Gymnothrix thuarii Beauv. 60. pl. 18. f. 6. Communiquée par M. Dupetit- Thouars, * * * lIsle-de-France.” Probably Pennisetum caffrum (Bory) Leeke. * See Chase; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 142. f. 10. 1911. *In Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 72. 1805. 176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Gen. L. ARUNDO L. Arundo lanceolata Koel. ; Beauv. 20. Name only, listed under Achnatherum. Probably Calamagrotis lanceolata Koel. was intended. (See page 160.) Arundo littoralis Beauv. 144. Name only, cited under Psamma=Ammo- phila arenaria (L.) Link. Arundo montana “ Wild.”; Beauv. 78, 152. Name only, cited under Donaz. Ehrartha Schreb. (pp. 60, 161) is a misspelling of Ehrharta. GEN. LII. TROCHERA L. Rich, Trochera bulbosa Beauv. 62, 161, 181. pl. 12. f. 3. Based on Ehrharta bulbosa Smith. Valid in Phrharta. Trochera calicina Beauv. 62, 161, 181. pl. 12. f. 4. Based on 2Phrharta calycina Smith. Walid in Ehrharta. Gen. LITT. HIEROCHLOA Gmel._, Hierochloa odorata Beauv. 62, 164. pl. 12. f. 5. Based on Holcus odoratus L.=Torresia odorata (L.) Hitehe. Hierochloa repens Beauv. 62, 164. Holeus repens Pers. is cited (page 62) and the same name without author is referred (page 165) to Hierochtloa. The name does not appear in Persoon’s work. Presumably meant for Holcus repens Host, which is Torresia odorata (L.) Hitche. Gen. LV. “TORESIA FI. Peruv.” [Error for Torresia Ruiz & Pav.] Tor[rjesia antar[c]tica Beauv. 63, 179. pl. 12. f. 7. Based on Disarrhenum antarcticum Labill. Labillardiere’s description and plate’ show this to be the same as Torresia redolens (Forst.) Roem. & Schult. Tor[rJesia magellanica Beauv. 179. Name only. “ Aira magellanica Lam.” is cited under Torresia (page 63) but this name is not found in Lamarck’s work, nor in any work previous to Beauvois. Aira magellanica Lam.; Beauv. 63. Name only, cited under Toresia [Tor- resia]. GEN, LXI. CAMPULOSUS Desyv. Campulosus falcatus Beauv. 64, 157, 158. Based on Chloris falcata Swartz, this based on Melica fale L. f., which is the type of the genus Harpochloa Kunth,” the specific name being changed to H. capensis=Har- pochloa falx (L. f.) Kuntze. Campulosus monostachyos Beauv. 64, 157, 158. pl. 13. f. 1, Based on Chloris monostachya Michx.=C. aromaticus (Walt.) Trin. GEN. LVIII. CYNOSURUS L. Cynosurus caerulescens L.; Beauv. 159, coerulea (L.) Ard. Cynosurus domingensis Pers.; Beauv. 159. Evidently meant for Eleusine domingensis Pers., which is based on Cynosurus domingensis Jacq. Referred to Rabdochloa=Leptochloa domingensis (Jacq.) Trin, Cynosurus durus Hoffm.; Beauv. 159. Referred to Selerochloa; under Sclerochloa (page 98) Poa dura L. is cited. “ Hoffm.” is evidently an error Error for C. coeruleus=Sesleria * Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 83. pl. 232. 1806. ™ Réy. Gram. 1: 92. 1829, a NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 177 for L., and Poa dura an error for Cynosurus dura L.=Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. Cynosurus effusus “ Lin.” ; Beauv. 159. (Probably an error for Link.) Re- ferred to Chrysurus, Cynosurus effusus Link is commonly referred to Cy- nosurus elegans Desf. Cynosurus flocciformis Forsk.; Beauv. 159. Error for C. floccifolius Forsk.= Eleusine floccifolia (Forsk.) Spreng. Cynosurus glaber Beauv. 159. Name only, referred to Dactyloctenium. Cynosurus pilosus Beauy. 159. Name only, referred to Dactyloctenium. Cynosurus retroflexus L.; Beauy. 98, 159. (LL. is probably an error for Vahl.) Referred to Dineba=Dinebra retroflera (Vahl) Panz. Cynosurus uniola Thunb.; Beauv. 159. Thunberg™ does not cite the author, but it is doubtless Linnaeus’ species which he describes=Brizopyrum uniolae (L. f.) Schrad.=Desmazeria uniolae (L. f.) Chase. The name Brizopyrum is not tenable, that genus being based by Link ™ on Poa sicula Jacq., which is also the type species of De[s]mazeria Dum.™ published earlier. Stapf" uses the name “ Brizopyrum Nees (in part, not of other authors)” for the South African species included by Nees in Brizo- pyrum Link. Bentham and Hooker and Hackel™ include the South African species in Desmazeria Dum. with D. sicula, with which to us they seem to be congeneric. ELYTROPHORUS Beauv. 67. “Inflorescence spicate; spike compound: fascicles sessile, globose-contracted, the lowermost rather remote; partial involucre of 3 to 7 lanceolate bracts; glumes acute, subulate, 3 to 6-flowered, nearly as long as the florets; lemma and palea unequal, the lemma keeled, ventricose, subulate, the palea 2-cleft, emar- ginate, short-mucronate between the denticulate lobes.” Elytrophorus articulatus is the only species. Genus valid. Elytrophorus articulatus Beauv. 67. pl. 14. f. 2. No locality is given, but “Gramen alopecuroides, Maderaspastanum ete. Pluck. Alm. tab. exe, fig. xvi [vi] ”” is cited. Plukenet’s name indicates that his plant was from ‘India. Valid. Briza multiflora Forsk. (page 155) is referred to Megastachya. Doubtless a mistake for Poa multifiora Forsk. Gen. LX. MELICA L. Melica aquatica Web.; Beauv. 167. Name only, referred to Poa aquatica L. “Web.” is evidently an error for Wibel; Melica aquatica is not found in his work, but “M[olinia] aquatica” Wib., based on Aira aquatica L., is on the page’*® with Melica, and doubtless was what caught Beauvois’ eye. Aira aquatica L. is the basis of Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Poa aquatica L. is the basis of Panicularia aquatica (L.) Kuntze. ™ Prodr. Pl. Cap. 23. 1794. Hort. Berol. 1: 159. 1827. ™ Comm. Bot. 26. 1822. ** Thiselt. Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 701. 1898. **® Gen. Pl. 3: 1194. 1883. 7 In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 27: 72. 1887. 8 Prim. Fl. Werthem. 116. 1799. 178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Melica curtipendula “ Mich.”; Beauv. 98. Name only, evidently error for Chloris curtipendula Michx. GEN. LXIII. ORTHOCLADA Beauv. 69. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound, the branches numerous, sub- verticillate, very long, straight, rigid, spikelet-bearing only at the ends; glumes 3 or 4-flowered, shorter than the florets.” Orthoclada rariflora, the species illustrated, is the type. This is the same as O. lava. Genus valid. Orthoclada laxa Beauv. 70, 149, 168. Based on Aira lara Rich. Valid. Orthoclada rariflora Beauv, 70. pl. 14. f. 9. Based on Panicum rariflorum Lam. [In the Atlas the name is erroneously given as “ rarifolia’”]=O. lara (Rich.) Beauv. GEN. LXIV. POA Ih. Poa aegyptia Beauv. 173. Name only. Poa airoides Desmaz.; Beauv. 173. Referred to Catabrosa aquatica. Des- mazieres™ gives no authority for this name but he cites Aira aquatica L. Poa airoides Koel. is based on Aira aquatica L.=Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Poa altissima Hall.; Beauv. 173. Referred to Poa aquatica. Haller ™ does not use binomials. One of his species bears a phrase name beginning “Poa altissima, foliis latissimis.” A Scheuchzer phrase name is cited that Linnaeus™ cites under Poa aquatica, That is Panicularia aquatica (L.) Kuntze. Poa aristata “Leer.”; Beauv. 174. Name only, referred to Koeleria gracilis, This name is not found in Leers’ work. Probably Poa cristata L. given by Leers™’ (which is Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers.) was intended. Poa caerulescens Michx.; Beauv. 77. Name only, referred to “ Tricuspis carolin.” (See T. caroliniana page 184.) Poa seslerioides Michx. (Triodia flava (L.) Hitche.) may have been meant. Poa curvata Beauy. 99, 174. Name only, referred to Schenodorus [Schedon- orus]. Poa dura L.; Beauv. 98, 174. Referred to Sclerochloa. Evidently an error for Cynosurus durus L. (See page 176.) ' Poa gracilescens Beauy. 174. Name only. Poa minuta Beauv. 175. Name only. Poa oblonga Moen.; Beauv. 175. Name only, referred to Megastachya. Poa obtusata Beauv. 175. Name only. Poa palustris Hoffm.; Beauv. 175. Name only, referred to Poa trivialis L. Poa polymorpha Willd.; Beauv. 175. Referred to Poa palustris. Will- denow cites Poa polymorpha Wib. as a synonym of P. serotina [Ehrh.] Schrad. (which is Poa palustris L.), but Ascherson and Graebner™= refer Wibel’s species to P. nemoralia var. rigidula Mert. & Koch. Poa pratensis Roth; Beauv. 175. Name only, referred to Poa trivialis. * Agrost. Départ. Nord France 85. 1812. ™ Descr. Gram. 194. 1802. 1 Nom. Hist. Pl. Helv. 133. 1769. ™ Sp. Pl. 67. 1753. 3H}, Herborn. 31. 1775. ™ Hnum. Pl. 1: 105. 1809. “5 Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 411. 1900. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 179 Poa salina Roth; Beauv. 175. Name only, referred to Poa distans. Roth cites Pollich as author. P. salina Poll. is a species of Puccinellia. Poa squamosa Beauv. 176. Name only. Poa stricta “Thunb., Wild.;’’ Beauv. 176. Name only, probably an error for Poa striata Thunb. given in Willd.“* That is referred by Stapf™ to Eragrostis bergiana Trin. Poa sylvatica Hoffm.; Beauv. 176. Name only, referred to Poa trinervata. Poa tremula “ Lin.”; Beauv. 176, Evidently an error for Lam., Lamarck’s species is the basis of Eragrostis lamarckii Steud. (not EH. tremula Hochst.). ERAGROSTIS Beauv. [Host.] 70. The genus was published by Host'’* with the description of one species, based on Briza eragrostis L., but with no generic diagnosis. Beauvois gives a diagnosis and proposes the name as his own. He cites Poa eragrostis L. and figures the species as Hragrostis eragrostis. It seems probable that Beauvois did not know of Host’s publication of the same generic name. It must have been suggested to both authors by the Linnaean specific names Briza eragrostis (Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link), and Poa eragrostis (#. eragrostis (L.) Beauv.). Eragrostis cynosuroides Beauv. 71, 162, 174. Based on Poa cynosuroides Retz. Valid. Eragrostis cyperoides Beauv. 71, 162, 174. Based on Poa cyperoides Thunb. Valid. Eragrostis eragrostis Beauv. 71, 174. pl. 14. f. 11. Based on Poa eragrostis L. Valid. Eragrostis ferruginea Beauv. 71, 162, 174. Based on Poa ferruginea Thunb. Valid. Eragrostis interrupta Beauv. 71, 162, 175. Based on Poa interrupta R. Br. There has been much confusion in regard to this name. Bentham *” reduces Poa interrupta R. Br. to Eragrostis brownii var. interrupta Benth. Judging form the description, Brown's plant, from the coast of Australia, is the perennial species represented by specimens collected by E. N. Parker, Moreton Bay, Queensland, July, 1918, distributed as Hragrostis brownii var. interrupta. There is an earlier Poa interrupta Lam.” collected by “ Son- nerat”, presumably in the East Indies. The very meager description gives little clue to the identity, except for “ glumis minutissimis.” That suggests the annual plant of Asia and the Philippines, represented by specimens distributed by the Philippine Bureau of Science as HKragrostis interrupta (Lam.) Doell (nos. 468, 6634, 7791, 7810, 7920); by Levine 3364, Kwong Tung Province, China; and by G. King, Central India, under the name Poa diarrhena. Stapf™ describes this annual species as “EH. interrupta Beauv. Agrost. 71 (non Roem. & Sch., nec Trin.).” As stated above, H. interrupta Beauy. is based on Poa interrupta R. Br. (since there is no description there can be no question of misapplication of the name). Roemer and Schultes™ cite “EZ. interrupta P. de Beauv. * * * Poa interrupta R. Brown.” Trinius™ cites 4° Sp. Pl. 1: 398. 1797. ™ Thiselt. Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 625. 1898. **Tcon. Gram. Austr. 4: 14. pl. 24. 1809. “1. Austral. 7: 647. 1878. *°Tabl. Encycl. 1: 185. 1791. ™! Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 316. 1896. ™ Syst. Veg. 2: 577. 1817. **Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 399. 1830. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. “Eragrostis interrupta Pal. [Beauv.] * * * Poa interrupta Br.” Neither of them cites Poa interrupta Lam. Eragrostis interrupta is sometimes credited to Steudel “ who also bases the name on P. interrupta R. Br. In the synonymy Stapf cites Poa interrupta Lam, but not P. interrupta R. Br. Under. Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) Jacq. Stapf (page 319) cites as synonyms “ £. interrupta Steud. (non Beauv.) * * * Poa interrupta & polymorpha, Br. Prod. 180.” As shown above, Poa interrupta R. Br. is the basis of E. interrupta Beauv., Roem. & Schult., Trin, and Steud. Poa interrupta R. Br. is invalidated by the Lamarck name, hence is not valid in Hragrostis. Eragrostis interrupta (Lam. ) Doell ™ is invalidated by E. interrupta (R. Br.) Beauv. What the valid names for these very different species are we are not prepared to say without study of the many types involved. For the present, in the United States National Her- barium, Brown’s species is placed as a form under E. brownii (Kunth) Nees, based on Poa polymorpha R. Br., and Lamarck’s under &. japonica (Thunb.) Trin, Eragrostis pilosa Beauv. 71, 162, 175. Based on Poa pilosa L. Valid. Eragrostis poaeoides Beauv. 162. Name only, probably meant for change of name of Poa eragrostis, given as Eragrostis eragrostis in the Atlas. Eragrostis riparia Beauv. 71, 162, 175. Poa riparia, without author, is referred to Hragrostis. Poa riparia Willd.” (the only species of the name), described from the West Indies, is, from the description, a species of Hra- grostis, probably EH. ciliaris (L.) Link. Hragrostis riparia Nees is based on “Megastachya riparia Willd.” [Roem. & Schult.], which is based on Pow riparia Willd, Eragrostis verticillata ‘Beauv. 71, 162, 176. “Poa verticillata Wild.” is referred to Eragrostis. Willdenow™ credits the name to Cavanilles, Cava- nilles’s illustration (plate 93) shows this to be a species of Eragrostis, apparently a large form of @. pilosa (L.) Beauv. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. 71. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, the branches or racemes alter- nate, simple; spikelets subsecund; glumes 3 to 5-flowered, lanceolate, acute, nearly the length of the florets; lemma keeled, acute; palea bifid-dentate.” Leptochloa virgata, the species figured, is taken as the type. Genus valid. Leptochloa capillacea L.; Beauv. 71, 166. Name only. Leptochloa filiformis Beauv. 71, 161, 166. Based on Eleusine jiliformis Pers., which is evidently based on Festuca filiformis Lam., though that author is not cited. Valid. Leptochloa virgata Beauv. 71, 161, 166. pl. 15. f. 1. Based on Eleusine virgata Pers., which is based on Cynosurus virgatus L. Valid. GEN. LXVII. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. Dactyloctenium glabrum Beauy. 72, 160. Name only. Dactyloctenium pilosum Willd.; Beauv. 72, 160. Name only. Dactyloctenium radulans Beauv. 72, 160. Based on Eleusine radulans R. Br. Bentham™ identifies this with Dactyloctenium aegyptium (.) Richt. ™ Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 279. 1854. ™ Mart. Fl. Bras. 2°: 157. 1878. *§ Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 4: 185. 1803. 87 Sp. Pl 1: 8393. 1797. “81, Austral. 7: 615. 1878. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 181 ACHNERIA Beauv. 72. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; glumes subequal, 2-flowered; - lemma and palea lanuginose-villous.” Four species of Hriachne R. Br. are cited, two of them being queried in the text. None are figured. Beauvois explains that having established the principle that awned and muticous species should not be included in a single genus, it was necessary to segregate the two groups included in Eriachne R. Br. He suggests that perhaps all the species of Hriachne may belong in known genera, such as Poa, Aira, or Festuca, but not knowing any of the species it was impossible for him to decide, for which reason he proposes a generic division between species muticous and species awned. For the muticous species he makes an anagram of Hriachne. The two species queried by Beauvois are described as having mucronate lemmas. LE. obtusu, not queried, having obtuse lemmas, is taken as the type=Hriachne R. Br. See discussion of Achneria, page 205. Achneria brevifolia Beauv. 73, 146. Based on Hriachne brevifolia R. Br. Referred by Bentham ™ to Eriachne mucronata R. Br. Achneria capillaris Beauv. 73, 146. Based on Eriachne capillaris R. Br. Valid in Eriachne. Achneria mucronata Beauv. 73, 146. Based on Hriachne mucronata R. Br. Valid in Hriachne. Achneria obtusa Beauv. 73, 146. Based on Hriachne obtusa R. Br. Valid in Hriachne. SCHISMUS Beauv. 73. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, contracted, spikelike; glumes 8 to 6-flowered, the length of the florets or longer; lemma cordate-emarginate, the nerve produced between the lobes into a filiform mucro; palea entire.” Schismus marginatus, the species illustrated, is taken as the type. Genus valid. Schismus fasciculatus Beauv. 74, 177. Name only, “ plante communiquée par M. Persoon et M. Balbis.” Later published with a few words of descrip- tion by Trinius’ who gives Festuca calycina L. as a synonym=Schismus barbatus (L.) Chase. (See page 182.) Schismus marginatus Beauv. 177. pl. 15. f. 4. The source of the specimen is not given. Nees™ describes S. marginatus from South Africa, and gives Festuca calycina L. as a synonym. Stapf™ considers S. fasciculatus, S. marginatus, Festuca calycina, and F. barbata L. to be the same species, using the name Schismus fasciculatus Beauv. Festuca calycina was first published by Loefling™ in 1758. Previously, however, Linnaeus ™ described the species as Festuca barbata (the description given in a footnote) based on “Loefl. Habitat in Hispania.” It would seem that when Loefling him- self renamed his plant F. calycina, Linnaeus accepted the change, dropping F. barbata, which does not again appear in his works, though he cites “Amoen. acad. 3. p. 400,” and copies the diagnosis of F. barbata in the second edition of the Species Plantarum. The nomenclature of this species ™ FH], Austral. 7: 632. 1878. lund. Agrost. 148. 1820. “1 Linnaea 7: 323. 1832; Fl Afr. Austr. 421. 1821. ™ Thiselt. Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 693. 1898. ™ Tter. Hisp. 116. 1758. * Amoen. Acad. 3: 400. 1756. 185 Syst, Nat. ed. 10. 877. 1759; Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 110. 1762. 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. is discussed at length by Billot,“* who transfers F. calycina instead of F. barbata to Schismus, because Linnaeus had abandoned F. barbata=Schismus barbatus (L.) Chase. MEGASTACHYA Beauv. 74. [Spelled Magastachya in the generic heading, but Megastachya in the index]. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; spikelets elongate, the florets distichous, imbricate; glumes 5 to 20-flowered, shorter than the florets; lemma emarginate, mucronate between the lobes; palea bifid-dentate.” Megastachya owariensis, the only species illustrated, is taken as the type. This name appears in the Atlas only. The figure shows mucronate lemmas. It is undoubtedly the same as “ Poa mucronata fl. Ow.” cited in the text (page 74) and in the index referred to Megastachya. This is Centotheca mucronata (Poir.) Kuntze. Megastachya Beauv, is, therefore, a synonym of Centotheca, though it has usually been referred to Eragrostis, to which be- long most of the species placed by Beauvois in Megastachya. Megastachya amabilis Beauv. 74, 167, 173. Based on Poa amabdilis “FI, Zeyl.” [of Linnaeus}]=Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. Megastachya badensis Beauv. 74, 167, 174. Based on “ Poa badensis Wild.” This species was published by Willdenow’™ with Haenke as author=Poa alpina badensis (Haenke) Mert. & Koch. Megastachya bipennata Beauv. 74, 155, 167. “ Briza bipennata ? Lam.” is cited under Megastachya. “Briza bipennata Lin., Lam.” is referred to Eragrostis (page 155). Lamarck’ gives Linnaeus as author. (The correct spelling is bipinnata.)=Eragrostis bipinnata (L.) K. Schum. Megastachya brizoides Beauv. 167. Probably meant for change of name of Briza eragrostis L., which is cited under Megastachya (page 74) and referred to that genus in the index. Megastachya ciliaris Beauy. 74, 167, 174. Based on Poa ciliaris L.= Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) Link. Megastachya elongata Beauv. 74, 167, 174. Poa elongata without author is referred to Megastachya. Probably P. elongata Willd. was intended= Eragrostis elongata (Willd.) Jacq. Megastachya hypnoides Beauv. 74, 167, 175. Based on Poa hypnoides Lam. Michaux is given as authority on page 74 but on page 175 the name is cor- rectly credited to Lamarck=FHragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. 8S. P. Megastachya mucronata Beauv. 74, 167. Based on “Poa mucronata FI. Ow.” =Centotheca mucronata (Poir.) Kuntze. See Megastachya owariensis below. Poiret” published Poa mucronata for a plant from Africa which he saw in Jussieu’s herbarium. It seems probable that it was Beauvois’ collec- tion from Africa which he saw. The description applies well to the species represented by Jeffreys 32, Opoba, South Nigeria, and Ledermann 921, Kamerun. The title page date of Flore Oware volume 1 is “1804-07” but the first fascicle did not appear until 1805. Kuntze’ and Hackel™ transferred * Annot. Flore France et d’Allemagne 285. 1861. (The article is unsigned, hence it is assumed that it is the work of the editor, Billot.) *7 Sp. Pl. 1: 392. 1797. ™ Eneycel. 1: 465. 1783. * Lam. Encye. 5: 91. 1804. “ Rey. Gen. Pl. 765. 1891. The exact date is uncertain. This part was re- viewed in November, 1891, issue of Naturae Novitates. It seems probable that Kuntze’s work appeared earlier than Hackel’s. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 66, 1891 (Aug. 22). NILES—BEAUVOIS” AGROSTOGRAPHIE, 183 Poa mucronata to Centotheca the same year. Eragrostis beninensis Steud. and F#. owariensis Steud. are based on Poa mucronata Beauv. and Megastachya owariensis Beauv., respectively. Megastachya multiflora Beauv. 74, 167. Beauvois refers “Briza multiflora Forsk.” to Megastachya, but Forskiil did not publish that name. Doubtless Poa multifiora Forsk. was intended. That is Fragrostis multiflora (Forsk.) Schweinf. & Aschers. 1867 (not Trin. 1830). Probably EF. cilianensis ( All.) Link. Megastachya oblonga Beauv. 74, 167, 175. Based on “Poa oblonga Moench,” evidently an error for Briza oblonga Moench. Based on a garden plant. Megastachya owariensis Beauv. Atlas 11. pl. 15. f. 5. This is given in the Atlas only. “ Poa mucronata Fl. Ow.” is referred (p. 175) to Megastachya. In the Flore d’Oware™ Beauvois describes the species from his own collection, without reference to Poiret’s description of it under the same name the year before. (See M. mucronata above.)=Centotheca mucronata (Poir.) Kuntze. Megastachya polymorpha Beauv. 74, 167, 175. Based on Poa polymorpha R. Br.=EFragrostis brownii (Kunth) Nees. Megastachya reptans Beauv. 74, 167,175. Based on Poa reptans, no author given, presumably Michx.—EHragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. 8. P. Megastachya rigida Beauv. 74. 167, 175. Based on Poa rigida L.=Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. Gren. LXVII. UNIOLA I. Uniola ciliata Beauv. 75. Name only. Uniola intermedia Bosc mss.; Beauv. 75, 181. Name only, Uniola pungens Beauv. 75, 181. Name only. Uniola latifolia “ Lin.”; Beauv. 181. Error for U. latifolia Michx. Uniola maritima “Lin.”; Beauv. 181. Error for U. maritima Michx. which is Uniola paniculata L. CERATOCHLOA Beauv. 75. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle subsimple; spikelets compressed, the florets distichous-imbricate; glumes 12 to 18-flowered, shorter than the florets; lemma and palea bifid-dentate, the lemma mucronate between the teeth.” Festuca unioloides [Willd.], the only species cited under the genus, and the one illustrated, is the type=Bromus L., commonly maintained as a sectien for the species having strongly flattened spikelets. Ceratochloa festucoides Beauv. 158. Name only. Ceratochloa unioloides Beauv. 75, Atlas 11. pl. 15. f. 7. Festuca unioloides without author is cited under the genus. Willdenow’s species is the only one of that name. This was described from a garden specimen, the habitat doubtfully given as ‘“ Carolina.” The plate shows the uawnless cultivated rescue grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth based on Festuca unioloides Willd.), which is an ally of Bromus unioloides H. B. K., described from Ecuador, with out reference to Willdenow’s species. Gen. LXX. TRIODIA R. Br. Triodia decumbens Beauv. 76, 160, 179. pl. 15. f. 9" Based on Danthonia decumbens DC., which is based on Festuca decumbens L.=Sieglingia decum- bens (L.) Bernh. Triodia glumosa Beauv. Atlas 12. pl. 18. f. 7. This is evidently an error for Danthonia glumosa. That name und the figure are cited under Danthonia Beauv. Fl. Owar. 5. pl. 4. 1805. 184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. (page 92), and the figure, which represents a species of Danthonia, is not cited under Triodia. (See Danthonia glumosa (Michx.) Beauv., page 191.) TRICUSPIS Beauv. 77. _ “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle subsimple; glumes keeled, 5 to 7-flowered, shorter than the florets; lemma bifid-dentate, mucronate between the teeth and ou both sides; palea truncate, nearly emarginate.” Tricuspis caroliniana Beauv., the species illustrated, is the type=Triodia R. Br. Tricuspis caroliniana Beauv. 179. pl. 3. f. 29; pl. 15. f. 10. “ Communiquée par M. Bosc” (probably from South Carolina). The figures represent Tri- odia flava (L.) Hitche. though that of the lemma is inaccurate in that it is represented as hairy across the back instead of on the nerves only. Tricuspis novae-boracensis Beauv. 77, 179. “IEtat de New-Yorck, d’ou M. Delille l’a rapportée.” Name only. DONAX Beauv. 77. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle compound; glumes membranaceous, 5 to 7-flowered; lemma with 3 bristles, the middle one longer; palea truncate, emarginate or bifid-dentate.” Donar arundinacea (based on Arundo donar L., the origin of the generic name) is the type=Arundo L. There are three illustrations. Beauvois observes (page 78) that Donaxr might easily be divided into two or three genera, on the differences in the lemma, the lodicules, and the ovary, but he does not wish to add to the number of new genera. The three illustrations are explained: I. Pl. 15, f. 11, is named Deyeuria arundinacea in the Atlas (see Ampelodesma, page 185.) II. Pl. 16, f. 4 (named Donar arundinaceus and representing Arundo donar) and f. 5 (named D. thuarti, see below) are true Donax. III. Pl. 19, f. 1 (also named Donax arundinaceus in the Atlas, though no name is mentioned in the ob- servation), represents a very different grass. The spikelet and floret appear to have been drawn from a specimen of Fluminea festucacea (Willd.) Hitche., but the panicle was either drawn from another grass or was greatly idealized. Possibly “arundinaceus” in the name of this figure may be an error for “ festucacea.” (See below.) Donax acutiflorus Schleich.; Beauv. 161. Name only, “ Arundo acutifiora Schleich.” being referred (page 152) to Donagr montana, and A. acutiflora Willd. to Deyeuxia. Schleicher™ lists Arundo acutiflora Schrad. That is a species of Calamagrostis. Donax arundinaceus Beauy. 78, 152, 161. pl. 16. f. 4. (This name is given also to plate 19, figure 1, see above, but that is obviously an error.) Based on Arundo donar L. Valid in Arundo. Donax benghalensis Beauv. 78, 152, 161. Based on Arundo benghalensis [bengalensis] Retz. Referred by Hooker ™ to Arundo donax L. Donax bicolor Beauv. 78, 152, 161. Based on Arundo bicolor Desf. This species, illustrated by Desfontaines,“” was described earlier by Poiret “= Ampelodesmos bicolor (Poir.) Kunth. Donax festucacea Beauv. 78, 152, 161. Based on Arundo festucacea Willd. The genus Seolochloa Link (1827, not Mert. & Koch, 1823) is based on this species=Fluminea festucacea (Willd.) Hitche. Donax is masculine, but Beau- vois uses both masculine and feminine endings. “8 Cat. Pl. Helv. 7. 1807. “ F], Atlant. 1: pl. 33. 1798, ™ Tl. Brit. Ind. 7: 303. 1896. “6 Voy. Barb. 2: 104. 1789. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 185 Donax festucoides Beauv. 78, 161. Based on Arundo festucoides Desf. which is the basis of Ampelodesmos festucoides (Desf.) Steud. Generally referred to Ampelodesmos tenaz (Vahl) Link, which is A. ° mauritanicus (Poir.) Dur. & Sehinz. Donax mauritanica Beauv. 78, 152, 161. Based on Arundo mauritanica Poir.=Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) Dur. & Schinz. Donax montana Beauy. 52, 161. Name only. “ Arundo montana Wild.” (name only) is cited under Donaz (page 78) and referred to it. in the index. Donax tenax Beauy. 78, 153, 161. Based on Arundo tenaz Vahl. This species is the type of Ampelodesmos Link. (See Ampelodesma below) =A. mauritanicus (Poir.) Dur. & Schinz. Donax th[ojuarii Beauv. 78, 161. pl. 16. f. 5. No locality is given. Kunth,’ who changes the name to Arundo madagascariensis, states that he received a specimen of this from Petit-Thouars who collected it in Madagas- car=Arundo thouarii (Beauv.) Dur. & Schinz. Donax versicolor Beauv. 78, 153, 161. Arundo versicolor, without author, is referred to Donar. Beauvois probably meant Arundo versicolor Mill., cited by Lamarck ™ under A. dona L. Ampelodesma Beauv. 78. pl. 15. f. 11. This name is mentioned under Donax, in explanation of the figure cited. ‘“ Lemma bifid-dentate * * * It might be called Ampelodesma.” (This name is not in the index.) In the Atlas (page 11) plate 15, figure 11 is called Deyeuria arundinacea, and that name is listed in the index. The spikelet shown consists of unequal glumes, a lower floret with the lemma hairy on the back, and with a short awn from between two small lobes of the apex, and an additional structure like an empty, glabrous lemma, not toothed or awned. This figure has been generally identified as Ampelodesmos tenax (Vahl) Link. It may have been drawn from a depauperate specimen of that in which only the lowest floret is well developed. The generic name is credited to Beauvois by Bentham and Hooker, Hackel, and others, but Beauvois observes only that if Donaz were to be divided into two or three genera this might be called Ampelodesma, adding that he is not willing to increase the number of new genera. No specific name is cited in his note and the name given to the figure, Deyeuria arundinacea, is obviously an error. Link*™* published Ampelodesmos with one species, A. tenaz, based on Arundo tenag Vahl. Link cites “ Donar tenar Beauv. R. 8S. 2.601” as a synonym. The citation of Roemer and Schultes seems to indicate that Link did not have Beauvois’ book. (They do not cite Ampelodesma on page 601, but give it (page 34) as a section of Donaz.) Link cites Arundo ampelodesmos Cyrillo™ as synonym of A. tenax. That and not Beauvois’ suggestion must have been the source of the generic name. The genus Ampelodesmos should be credited to Link and take date from 1827. Link and Vahl™ both cite Arundo mauritanica Poir’” as a synonym of A. tenazx=Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) Dur. & Schinz. “7 Réy. Gram. 2: 273. pl. 48. 1830. 48 Eneycl. 6: 268. 1804, *° Hort. Berol. 1: 136, 1827. *° Oyrillo, Pl. Rar. Neap. 2: 30. pl. 12. 1792. The specific name is spelled ampelodesmon. The illustration is unmistakable. *1 Symb. Bot. 2: 25. 1791. *? Voy. Barb. 2: 105. 1789. 186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Sesleria microcephala “ Hoffm., Pers.” Beauv. 78. Persoon™ cites “Hoffm.” as author of the name under Cynosurus. Referred by Ascherson and Graeb- ner “ to Sesleria ovata (Hoppe) Kern. Gen. LXXII. CHLORIS Swartz. Chloris emarginata Beauy. 79, 158. Name only. Chloris radicata Beauv. 158. Error for C. radiata Swartz. Chloris scariosa Beauv. 79, 158. Name only. Chloris tetrapogon Beauv. 158, 179. Tetrapogon Desf. is referred to Chloris; T. villosus Desf., the only species included by Desfontaines, must be the basis of C. tetrapogon. Valid in Tetrapogon. Chloris verrucosa Beauv. 158. Probably an error for C. ventricosa R. Br. STREPTOGYNA Beauv. 80. “Inflorescence spicate; spike compound; spikelets not crowded, sessile, 3 to 5-flowered; glumes unequal, the lower one-third as long as the upper; lemma and palea convolute, emarginate and bearing a bristle; * * * stig- mas rough, retrorsely barbed, twisted in drying.” Streptogyna crinita, is the only species. Genus valid. Beauvois spells the name Streptogyna, giving Streptogyne as the French name. Streptogyna crinita Beauv. 80. pl. 16. f. 8. Beauvois states that he brought back this plant from the United States, Carolina; that he also saw specimens in the Paris Museum and in the herbarium of Richard, but from Guyane [Guiana]. The notes on Beauvois’ collections must have become mixed, This grass is from the tropics; his specimen probably came from the West Indies. Beauvois spent a few years in Santo Domingo. (See page 211.) Streptogyna guyanensis Beauv. 179. “De la Guyane.” Said to differ from S. crinita only in having a 3-parted style, presumably an error in observation. DIPLACHNE Beauv. 80. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, the branches numerous, alternate, filiform; glumes 7 to 9-flowered, the upper mucronate; lemma 2-laciniate, bearing a bristle between the lobes; palea subtruncate, emarginate.” Festuca fascicularis Lam., the only species, is the type=Leptochloa Beauv. Diplachne fascicularis Beauy. 81, 160. pl. 16. f. 9. Based on Festuca fascicularis Lam.—Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray. TRIPLASIS Beauv. 81. “ Inflorescence spicate; spike compound; branches alternate, simple, spikelet- bearing at the apex; glumes membranaceous, acute, 4-flowered, the florets pedicellate, the uppermost incomplete, abortive; lemma and palea unequal, the lemma bifid, deeply cleft, the midnerve produced into a long bristle between the subulate lobes; apex of palea entire, extrorsely pilose, reflexed.”’ Triplasis americana is the only species. Genus valid. Triplasis americana Beauv. 81. pl. 16. f. 10. “ Communiquée par M. Delille. des Etats-Unis d’Amerique.” Valid. Gren. LXXIII. ENNEAPOGON Desv.; Beauy. 81. “ Inflorescence spicate; spike simple; spikelets few, 2 or 3-flowered; glumes longer than the florets; lemma with nine bristles bearded on the margins; palea entire, muticous.” ® Syn. Pl. 1: 72. 1805. “' Syn. Mitteleur. I. 2: 311. 1900. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 187 Enneopogon desvauzii, the species figured, is taken as the type=Pap- pophorum subgenus; regarded as valid by Rendle,™ Stapf, and others. Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. 82. 161: pl. 16. f. 11. No locality is given. Desvaux ™ in discussing the genus states that he has examined a “ plante des Tles Manilles.” No species of Enneapogon or Pappophorum is known from the Philippines.” Desvaux refers E. desvauzii Beauy. to EH. gracile (R. Br.) Desy. Bentham™ refers the four species of Pappophorum described by Brown to P, nigricans R. Br., the first one. Enneapogon gracilis Beauv. 82, 161, 171. Based on Pappophorum gracile R. Br. Enneapogon nigricans Beauv. 82,161,171. Based on Pappophorum nigricans r. Enneapogon pallidus Beauv. 82, 162, 171. Based on Pappophorum pallidum R. Br. Enneapogon purpurascens Beauv. 82, 162, 171. Based on Pappophorum purpurascens R. Br. RABDOCHLOA Beauv. 84. “Inflorescence paniculate; panicle simple, the branches few or fascicled, simple, filiform; spikelets subunilateral; glumes 3 to 5-flowered, shorter than the florets; lemma with a bristle below the crenate apex; palea entire. Rabdochloa domingensis, the species figured, is taken as the type=Lep- tochloa Beauv. Rabdochloa cruciata Beauv. 84, 158, 176. Based on Agrostis cruciata L. This is referred to Chloris cruciata and the latter to Rabdochloa=Chloris cruciata (L.) Swartz. Rabdochloa domingensis Beauv. 84, 159, 176. pl. 17. f. 3. “ Cynosurus domingensis Pers.” is referred to Rabdochloa. In Persoon’s work’ the name is EKleusine domingensis, based on Cynosurus domingensis Jacq.—Leptochloa domingensis (Jacq.) Trin. Rabdochloa monostachya Beauy. 84, 159. Based on Cynosurus mono- stachyus Vahl. Chloris monostachya Poir. (not Michx. 1803) is based on this. Referred by Kunth™ to Chloris distachya Kunth. Rabdochloa mucronata Beauv. 84, 158, 176. Based on Chloris mucronata Michx.=Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. Rabdochloa virgata Beauv. 84, 158. Cynosurus virgutus is given (page 84) under Rabdochloa, but in the index (‘“ Lin” as author) it is referred to Leptochloa. Chloris virgata Swartz is referred to Rabdochloa (page 158). The two names were evidently confused. Chloris virgata Swartz is true Chloris; Cynosurus virgatus L. is Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv., cited by Beauvois under Leptochloa and listed in index. ** Cat. Afr. Pl. Welwitsch 2': 229. 1899. ** Thiselt. Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 654. 1900. *7 Journ. de Bot. Desv. 1: 69. 1813. For unreliability of localities cited by Desvaux see Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 15: 166. 1910. *° 1, Austral. 7: 600. 1878. Syn. Pl. 1: 86. 1805. *1 Réy. Gram. 1: 291. pl. 57. 1830. 188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. GEN. LXXVI. KOELERIA L. Koeleria avenacea Beauv. 166. Name only. Koeleria pubescens Beauv. 85, 166. Name only. ‘“ Aira pubescens Lin.” is cited under Koeleria. Linnaeus did not publish this name.- Aira pubescens Vahl (page 149) is referred to Koeleria villosa. Koeleria pyramidata Beauv. 84, 166, 175. Based on Poa pyramidata Lam.= Koeleria cristata pyramidata (lLam.) Pers. GEN, LXXVII. DACTYLIS L. Dactylis brevifolia “‘ Koel. Wild.”; Beauv. 85, 159. Willdenow ™ credits the name to Koenig and cites “ Dactylis lagopoides [L.] Mant. 33” (1767), explaining that Koenig’s plant is the same as that, but not the same as that of the second edition of the Mantissa (1771) nor of Burmann (1768). (See below.) Several names have been based on Dactylis brevifolia Koen. in Willd., Koeleria brevifolia Spreng., Poa brevifolia. Kunth (not DC. 1806), Eragrostis brevifolia Benth.” (based on “ Dactylis brevifolia Roem.,” though Roemer and Schultes™ cite Koenig in Willd.), Aeluropus brevifolius Nees; Aschers. & Schweinf.“ Hooker’ refers “D. brevifolia Koen. ex Willd. (excl, syn.)” to Hleusine brevifolia R. Br.; Hook. Durand and Schinz” refer it to Aeluropus brevifolius (Koen.) Nees. Dactylis fasciculata “ Wild.”; Beauv. 159. Referred to Spartina. (See page 162.) Dactylis lagopoides R. Br.; Beauv. 159. Name only; it is not found in Brown’s work; probably Linnaeus was meant. Under Dactylis lagopoides L.”° “Bur. ind. t. 10. f. 1. Habitat in India. Burmannus.” is cited. Bur- mann’s Flora Indica was published in 1768. The illustration of Dactylis lagopoides is plate 12, figure 2. It seems probable that Linnaeus had a plant from Burmann and that he saw manuscript or proofsheets of his work, the number of the plate and figure being subsequently changed. In the second edition*™” Linnaeus cites “Mant. 33” but gives a new description which includes some characters in Burmann’s description and which does not seem to apply to the species of 1767. Koeleria lagopoides Panz."? and Aeluropus lagopodioides Trin.” are based on D. lagopoides L. (1767). Several other names are based on D. lagopoides Burm. (1768). It is possible that “ R. Br.” was a misprint for Burmann. Dactylis lagopodoides L. Beauv. 159. Evidently an error for D. ldgopoides L.; referred in the index to D. brevifolia. (See above.) Dactylis stricta Pers.; Beauv. 160. Referred to Spartina. In Persoon’s work ™ “ Dactylis stricta Smith” is changed to Limnetis pungens Rich. 72 Sp. Pl 1: 410. 1797. 8 P], Pugill. 2: 21. 1815. *™ Rév. Gram. 1: 111. 1829. **6 Hook. Ieon. Pl. 51. pl. 1868. 1881. °° Syst. Veg. 2: 630. 1817. *™ Mem. Inst. Egypt 2: 173. 1889. 11. Brit. Ind. 7: 295. 1896. Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 901. 1894. ™ Mant. Pl. 33. 1767. ™ Mant. Pl. ed. 2 (appendix) 557. 1771. ™ In Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 332. 1825. *3In Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 374. 1864. ™ Syn. Pl. 1: 72. 1805. NILES—BEAUVOIS’ AGROSTOGRAPHIE. 189 Smith credits the name to “Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew,” but Solander’s name does not appear in connection with D. stricta Ait.=Spartina maritima (Curt.) Fernald. Gen. LXXVIII. CALOTHECA Desyv. Calotheca brizoidea Beauv. 86, 155, 157. pl. 17. f. 6. Based on Briza erectu Lam. Valid in Briza. Calotheca elegans Beauv. 86, 157. pl. 17. f. 7. “Caseoelytrum elegans Desv.”, an unpublished name, is cited but the source of the specimen is not given. Briza elegans (Beauv.) Doell (not Osbeck, 1757) is based on Calotheca elegans. Doell cites Bromus brizoides Lam. as synonym. Lamarck’s brief description, based on a plant collected by Commerson at Monte Video, applies well to this species. Parodi’ identifies them as the same species=Briza brizoides (Lam.) Kuntze. TRICHAETA Beauv. 86. “Inflorescence spicate; spike simple; spikelets crowded ; glumes acute, hispid on the back, 2 or 3-flowered; lemma hispid on the back, with a flexuous, divergent bristle below the bisetose apex; palea bifid-dentate.” Bromus ovatus Cay. is the only species cited=Trisetum Pers. Trichaeta ovata Beauv. 86, 156, 179. pl. 17. f. 8. Based on Bromus ovatus Cay. [not Gaertn. 1770]=Trisetum ovatum (Cav.) Pers. (There seems to be no tenable name.) GEN. LXXXI. TRISETUM Pers. Trisetum alpestre Beauv. 88, 153. Based on Avena alpestris Host. Valid. Trisetum distichophylla Beauy. 88, 153. “ Avena distichophylla Lin.” is referred to Trisetum. Probably A. distichophylla Vill. was meant. Valid. Trisetum flavescens Beauv. 88, 153. pl. 3. f. 8; pl. 18. f. 1. Based on Avena flavescens L. Valid. Trisetum forskalii Beauv. 88, 153, 180. “ Avena forskalii Vahl, Wild.” and “Trisetaria YForsk.” are referred to Trisctum, the first with a query. These two citations refer to very different species. Avena forskalii Vahl?” is based on “Avena pensylvanica [misapplied by] Forsk.”" These two names are cited by Willdenow.” No specific name is given with the generic and specific description of Trisetaria Forsk.,™” but Trisetaria linearis is listed on page LX under Flora Aegyptiaca. T. forskalit J. F. Gmel. (1791) is based on Forskiil’s supposedly unnamed species. Trisetum forskalii Beauv. may have been based on Trisetaria forskalii, but Beauvois nowhere cites Gmelin. It seems more probable that he supposed Avena forskalit and Tristetaria [line- aris] to be the same. Trisetaria linearis Forsk. is valid. Avena forskalii Vahl is a species of Danthonia; D. forskalii Trin.’ is based on “ Trisetum forskali Pal. [Beauv.] R. et S. II. p. 658.” Roemer and Schultes cite Avena forskali Vahl and “Avena pensylvanica Forsk.” under Trisetum forskalii Beauv. Wherefore Avena forskalii is taken as the basis=Danthonia forskalii (Vahl) Trin. Trisetum loefflingii Beauv. 88, 153, 180. (Spelled “loaflingi’”’ on page 88.) Based on “Avena Loéfflingia Lin.” (error for A. loeflingiana) =T. loeflingiana (L.) Beauv. ° *° Revis. Fac. Agron. Vet. 3: 130. 1920, "Sp. Pl. 1: 447. 1797. *° Symb. Bot. 2: 25. 1791. ™ EF], Aegypt. Arab. 27. 1775. TH), Aegypt. Arab. 23. 1775. *? Gram. Icon. 1: 49. 1828. 190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Trisetum macrum Beauv. 88, 153. Avena macfa without author is referred to Trisetum. Avena macra Stev.™ was probably intended. That is Ventenate macra (Stev.) Boiss. & Bal. Trisetum pungens Beauv. 88. Name only. Trisetum sesquiterium Beauv. 88, 154. “Avena sesquiteria Lin.” is referred to Trisetum. Error for A. sesquitertia L. (Avena, species uncertain). Trisetum subspicatum Beauv. 88, 149. Based on Aira subspicata L.= Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. Trisetum villosum Beauv. 88, 180. Name only. GEN. LXXXII. AVENA L. Avena bifida Beauv. 89, 153, 155. Based on Bromus bifidus Thunb, Referred by Franchet and Savatier™ to Trisetum cernuum Trin. Avena capillacea Beauv. 89, 153. Name only. Avena magellanica Beauv, 89, 153. Name only. Avena nigra “C. B.” Beauv. 154. A pre-Linnaean name of Caspar Bauhin’s referred to A. sativa. Avena praecox Beauv. 89, 149, 154. Based on Aira praecor L.=Aspris praecoxr (L.) Nash. Avena pulchella Beauv. 89, 149, 154. Aira pulchella without author is re- ferred to Avena. Presumably A. pulchella Willd. was meant. Deschampsia pulchella Trin. is based on this. Valid in Aira, Avena spicaeformis Beauv. 154. Name only, referred to Danthonia. Avena vesca “ Lob.” Beauv. 154. forskalii_........---.--------------------- 189 pungens.---_._-------------------- te gentee 166 qe . purpurascens--..-.---------------------- 164 fragilis... -.-----------------22-- 22-2 -> 192 racemosa ._...--------------------------- 165 glumosa......-.-------------2-2e omen ene 191 PAMNOSA...--.-. -----------cueneenaeccenee 165 loeflingiana____.......-------------------- 189 setacea....__------------eeeeeeeeeee-- eee 165 macra.....------------------------------- 190 stipaeformis___.....--------------------- 165 magellanica__..-------------------------~ 130 stipiformis..........--------------------- 165 Nigra.....------------------------ aeleiatatatatal 190 stipoides.____.._---.------------------ 165, 166 pensylwanica.......----------------------- 189 stricta............------------e----- eee 164, 165 planiculmis. ._._------------------------- 192 subrecurvata__.___.......-.--------------- 166 PIMeCcOL_...------------------------------- 190 vestita...._____...-_....-.-.------- eee 165 precatoria_.....-------------------------- 174 Arrhenatherum______....------------------ 174, 200 pulchella__.....-..----------------------- 196 americanum.__._...-------------------- _ 1% purpurea. ._-...------------------------- 191 avenaceum........-------------+--------- 174 sativa....------------------------------- 190 elatius......_.__.__--------------------2- 174 sesquitertia_.....------------------------ 190 tuberosum.._......------------------ 174 setacea...__----------------------------- 191 precatorium......-----------------+----+- 174 | spicaeformis_.......-------------------- 190, 191 Arthratherwm__.......----------------------- 165 | strigosa__........------------------------ 191 hygrometricum__._.....-.----------------- 166 ve8CO__-.--------------------------------- 190 pungens_........-.-.--------------------- 166 | AxonopuS.....--...-------------------------- 153 stipoides____.......----------------------- 166 | aureuS_.......--------------------------- 154 Arthraxon__............-.------------------- 200 | chrysoblepharis........------------------ 154 Ciliaris..........----- wee ee eee en eee eee 200 | cimicinus__.....------------------------- 154 Arundinaria____......-.--------------------- 209 compressuS. -.--------------------------- 154 glaucescens..__..-.__------------------ 169, 269 digitatus___......------------------------ 154 Arundo_..__...--.--------------------------- 176 paniceus.__._---------------------------- 154 acutiflora_........_--------------------- 169, 184 | Bambos_-_.-_...----------------------------- 208 airoides___........------------------------ 169 | Bambusa arundinacea......----------------- 208 ampelodesmos__........------------------ 185 mana_...--------------------------------- 209 benghalensis_____.__---- wee eee eee eee eee 184 verticillata_........-.-------------------- 208 bicolor_.........-------------------------- 184 | Beauvois’ herbarium..........-------------- 150 calamagrostis.............-------------- 155,160 | Beckmannia.......-------------------------- 166 canadensis ...-.-------.------------------ 155 erucoides......---------------------------+ 192 colorata__....._---.--.------------------- 166 | Bouteloua__.._.----------------------------- 167 confinis...._._._-_----------.------------ 155 americana. _.....------------------------ 193 conspicua___.....------------------------ 160 curtipendula_-_-_.--.-------------------- 167, 193 donax____.....--.---------------------- 184, 185 juncea.........------------------------+- 167 festucacea___-.--------------------------- 184 melicaeformis _...-..--------------------- 167 Jestucoides__.......----------------------- 185 melicoides_.....-------------------------- 167 halleri_.......---------------------------- 160 procumbens. .-.------------------------- 168 halleriana_........----------------------- 155 simplex____..-------------------------- 167, 168 lanceolata_._.-.------------------------ 160,176 | Brachyelytrum_.._.-_----------------------- 167 littoralis_...........--------------- volte 176 erectum _____......---------------------- 167 littorea_.........------------------------- 155 | Brachypodium._.._...-.------------------ 195, 199 madagascariensis__......--------------- _. 185 cenesium__...---------------------------- 195 mauritanica_.....-....------------------- 185 ciliatum__.......--.---------------------- 195 x INDEX Brachypodium—Continued. Page commutatum__........------------------- 195 distachyum_.___........-.---------------- 195 festucoides._...........----------------- 195, 199 fragile. _........-....-.------------------ 195 gracile. _..............-------.----------- 195 halleri...........-.-------------------- 195, 196 loliaceum_._.....------------------------ 196 longifolium_..........--..---------------- 196 nardus_..........------------------------ 196 nigricans _.._......-...------------------ 196 phleoides.........------------------------ 196 phoenicoides_...........---.-------------- 196 pinnatum.___...--.--------------------- 196 f. gracile...........----..------------ 195 plukenetii_.............------------------ 196 pod.......-..---------------------------- 196 TAMOSUM _. o-oo ewe ww een eee 196 var. plukenetii...........-..--------- 196 retusum.__........-.---------------------- 196 rottboella_..............-..-..-.---------- 196 silvaticum.........-..--..-..------------ 196 sylvaticum......_.-.-.------------------ 195 tenellum._..........-------------------- 196, 198 tenue__..........------------------------ 197 unilaterale._...........-.---------------- 197 Briza bipennata_.............---------------- 182 brizoides__.......-.....------------------ 189 elegans___._......-.---------------------- 189 eragrostig._._....--.--------- 2 eee ieee 179, 182 erecta_.......-.--- peeeenee------- eee ---- 189 maxima. ............--.----------------- 210 multiflora_...........-.---------------- 177, 183 oblonga.........--.-..------------------- 183 Brizopyrum_-_..-....------------------------ 177 uniolae_..... ween ne eee eee ee eee eee ee eee 177 Bromus.............---.--.----------------- 183 bifidus.............-.--.----.-.---------- 190 brizoides_..................------------ .. 189 ciliatus .........-...----..--------------- 195 commutatus__...........---.------------ 195 distachyos............---.---------------- 195 elatior._.........----.------.------------- 194 gracilis__.............---.---------------- 195 inermis_...............------------------ 194 longifolius ____-_- oe eeeeeee---------------- 196 ovatus __.......------------------------- .. 189 pinnatus___......-...--------------+----- 196 plucknetii_............------------------- 196 ramosus-_........-..--------------------- 196 retusus..........------------------------ 196 sylvaticus..........---------------------- 196 unioloides...............---------------- 183 willdenowii_.............---.-.---------- 183 Calamagrostis..............--- 155, 156, 157, 169, 184 acutiflora.........-...------------------- 169 argentea._.....-------------------------- 160 billardieri.............-....--.----.------ 156 calamagrostis.........-.-..-------.------ 1€0 canadensis__.......-.---.---------------- 155 confinis._.........-..-.---.-------------. 155 halleriana_.........-...------------------ 155 lanceolata_........--------------------- 160, 176 littorea_.....---------, wenn nnn e een nn ee eee 155 plebeia__....-..----.-------------------- 158 pseudophragmites ._.........-.-.-.------ 155 sedenensis..........-.....--------------- 169 Calamagrostis—Continued. Page tenella var. mutica...........--.-------- 158 varia. _......--- 22-222 ------------ 169 villosa_.........0b.-...------------------ 155 Calamina_..............---------.----------- 203 gigantea__..........-...------------------ 204 imberbis.............-------------------- 204 mutica..........-..---------------------- 204 s8ehima__._.....-.------------------------ 204 themeda_........-.--.-------------------- 204 Calotheca._..........-.-.-..----------------- 189 brizoidea__...........-.-.---------------- 189 elegans_........-.-.---------------------- 189 Campulosus._.............---------------- 176, 209 aromaticus._..__...--.-.---------------- 176 falcatus............-...-.---.------------ 176 monostachyos._......-..-..--.------------ 176 Capillipedium._............-.--------------- 205 Capriola dactylon__...............-------- 157, 158 Cascoelytrum elegans...............---------- 189 Catabrosa__.........-..--------.------------ 192 aquatica._..-..---- ee 177, 178, 192 verticillata..............-.-.-------------- 192 Catapodium loliaceum _.._........-_-.---- 196, 198 Cembul_........-.-.--.---.------------------ 209 Cenchrus____.......-...----.---------------- 175 gracilis__.............--...---.----------- 175 orientalis.............---.---------------- 115 spinifer (error for spinifex) _...........--. 175 Centotheca mucronata............-...----- 182, 183 Ceratochloa...........----------------------- 183 festucoides_...........-..--.------------- 183 unioloides..........---------------------- 183 Ceresia._._.....-..-------.------------------ 153 elegans_____.-.-------------------------- 153 membranacea.___.......------------------ 153 Chaetaria............-..--------------------- 163 adscensionis___.........------------------ 164 caerulescens_.......---------------------- 164 calicina__......-....--.--.--------------- 164 canariensis.................-------------- 164 capensis.___...........------------------ 164 capillacea__............------------------ 164 capillaris..............------------------ 164 depressa.._.--..------- 2-02-22 e oes 164 divaricata._..............---------------- 164 elatior....-.....-.-.--------------------- 164 festucoides__.........-.-...-------------- 164 furcata_.......-------------------------- 164 gigantea. ._....-------------------------- 164 gossypind.._.....-.-.------------------ 164, 166 hystriz............---..---.-------------- 164 interrupta_......-.---.------------------ 164 luzonensis.......-...-------------------- 164 olygantha__...-..----------------------+- 164 pallens. _..-.---------------------------- 164 purpurascens __-------------------------- 164 racemosa.__....--------------------------- 165 setaced______...---------.---------------- 165 stipaeformis__........-.-.---------------- 165 stricta__......-.______------------------ 164, 165 teneriffae__.._.....---------------------- 165 vestita___._._....------------------------- 165 Chaetochloa. -...--.----------------------- 172, 174 geniculata._............-...------------- 172 italica.._....-.------------ eee eee 172 INDEX XI Chaetochloa—Continued. Page setosa.......-.-------------------------- 172 verticillata.........--..----------------- 172 viridis.._........-_.-..------------------ 172 Chaeturus fasciculata.........---------------- 156 Chamaeraphis spinescens..------------------ 203 squarrosa.....-..---------------------- 210, 203 Chilochloa__..........--------------------- 161, 166 arenaria___........---------------------- 167 aspera__._..-.---------------------------- 167 boemerii___........---------------------- 167 cuspidata._......------------------------ 167 hispida____.___.------------------------- 167 michelii_..........-.------------------- 166, 167 paniculata _.........--------------------- 167 Chloris.......--..------------------------- 156, 186 cruciata._..._._._----------------------- 187 curtipendula__...---------------------- 178, 193 distachya_.......------------------------ 187 emarginata__._..------------------------- 186 falcata__..........----------------------- 176 monostachya_..........---------------- 176, 187 mucronata._.....------------------------ 187 petraea_.___..--------------------------- 203 procumbens. ....------------------------- 168 radicata__.......------------------------- 186 Scariosa_____._....----------------------- 186 tetrapogon._._..------------------------- 186 veTTUCOSA._____.------------------------- 186 virgata __.....--------------------------- 187 Chondrosium__._....------------------------- 167 ciliatum__........------------------------ 167 humile_......_.....---------------------- 167 procumbens. .-...------------------------ 168 tenue.___...----------------------------- 168 Chrysopogon elongatus_____.------------------ 205 Chrysurus_........------------------------ 177, 202 echinatus.._....-..----------------------- 202 effusus__.........------------------------ 202 elegans.....-.---------------------------- 202 Cinna___...-.-....-------------------------- 165 mericana__.....------------------------- 165 Classification of grass genera by early authors. 146 Clomena.___...------------------------------ 162 peruviana__.....------------------------- 163 Colobachne___.........----------------------- 161 vaginata___.......------------------------ 161 Coridochloa cimicina___.....---------------- 154 Corynephorus___.°...------------------------ 190 articulatus_........---------------------- 190 canescens __.......----------------------- 190 Curtopogon.......--------------------------- 165 dichotomus__._....----------------------- 165 Cutandia maritima__-.---------------------- 197 Cymbachne_...-.---------------------------- 204 alata_........---...------------------ _.-. 204 ciliarig__...._......--.------------------- 204 Cymbopogon refractus-_-...----------------- 203 schoenanthus..-.------------------------- 209 Cynosurus.._..-.-------------------------- 176, 186 caerulescens__...------------------------- 176 coeruleus_......-------------------------- 176 domingensis.....----------------------- 176, 187 durus__....------------------------ 176, 178, 192 echinatus......-------------------------- 202 Cynosurus —Continued. Page elegans....._...--.-..----------------- 177, 202 effusus_____.-.....------------------ £02 floccifolius_____........------------------ 177 flocciformis._.....------------------------ 17 glaber_._..........-.---------------------- 177 lima_...........------------------------- 193 monostachyus......-.-------------------- 187 pilosus__.........------------------------ 177 retroflerus.........--------------------- 177, 193 uniola____..............--------------- 177, 210 virgatus__........--_.------------------ 180, 187 Dactylis...............---------------------- 188 brevifolia__............------------------- 188 fasciculata____.......------------------ 162, 188 geniculata_____...-_...------------------- 162 lagopodoides__.........------2------------ 188 lagopoides........------------------------ 188 maritima__.......------------------------ 162 paspaloides___.._----------------------+-- 193 stricta__...........--------------------- 162, 188 Dactyloctenium_-------------------------- 177, 180 aegyptium_-__...-_...-.--------------- 180, 187 glabrum_......-------------------------- 180 pilosum__......---1---------------------- 180 radulans_.___......---------------------- 180 Danthonia___......__.-.--------------------- 191 curvifolia_..........---..---------------- 205 decumbens _..__..------------------------ "183 forsKalii__.......-.---------------------- 189 glumosa_____-------------------------- 183, 191 papillosa_.___...------------------------ 160 penicillata__......--.-------------------- 191 purpurea .....---------------- aoneee----- 191 racemosa. ......------------------------- 191 penicillata__...-.-------------.------ 191 ramosa___.-..--.------------------------ 191 setacea._.....--------------------------- 191 spicaeformis__..-..----------------------- 191 spicata.....__--------------------------- 191 strigosa __.....--------------------------- 191 thuarii_.......-------------------------- 192 Deschampsia_......-------------------------- 190 caespitosa___...-------------------------- 190 discolor ....-.-.-------------------------- 191 juncea......----------------------------- 191 parviflora__..---------------------------- 191 pulchella_.....--------------------------- 190 Desmazeria uniolae__.--------------------- 177, 210 Deyeuria_....------------------------------- 168 acutiflora....---------------------------- 169 airoides___...--.------------------------- 169 arundinacead__._..------------------ 169, 184, 185 cylindrica_.._...------------------------- 156 forsteri.....------------------------------ 156 montana_..--.------------------------- 157, 169 sedenensis.__.......----.------------------ 169 Diarina festucoides -.-.--.-------------------- 209 Diarrhena_._.------------------------------- 208 americana._.....------------------------ 209 Dichelachne crinita_..-...------------------- 165 micrantha rara_._..--------------------- 148 sciurea......---------------------------- 158 Diectomis.....------------------------- 200, 204, 206 fasciculata __.-.-------------------------- 207 fastigiata_....-------------------------- 206, 207 XII INDEX Page . Page Digitaria_......--.-.2-__. 161,171,209 | Enneapogon__.........-.....-.-.-.-- ee 186 Siliformis.........-_-_.-._.-. ee 171 desvautii._._......2._.--.----.. ee 187 gibbosa__._.__._...-________ eee 171 gracilis.._....2 22222 187 glabra__......222--_- wa---- ee 171 migricans._..._...-_-.....-..---.-.--.- 187 longifolia_.......__2 2.22 2-8 171 pallidus__.......-.--.------ 22. 187 papposa....-____22- 222288 Wi purpurascens____......-__....-_.....---- 187 propingua_______22222222-- 2222 WL | Eragrostis............__..___...--...--...- 179, 182 sanguinalts._..__-2_-2 222-2 eee 199 amabilis._.....__.._..________...... 182 tenuiflora ________..222---- 222222 171 beninensis.__.._____....___...._......... 183 thunbergii_..._.__....-_-2_ 2.2 171 bergiana______._______.__._....._........ 179: velutina _.. 2222222222222 222 1 bipinnata......___.-._..--_ 182 Dineba__..-. 222222222222 177, 193 brevifolia....._......--.-----2-2 22 188. americana________......-_______.._.-._.. 193 brownii_..--......._................... 180, 183 curtipendula_..._-.--_.__...22222222---2- 193 var, interrupta______.____._..-.___.. 179 divaricata__---..._..22-2-222-2 2-22-2228. 193 cilianensis_......__...______...__...__. 179, 183 lima. -_.---- 2-22-22 193 | - ciliaris........---..----- 180, 182 melicoides_________. 222222222 ieee 193 cynosuroides__.__.._..___.__.........._. 179 paspaloides.________ 22222-22288 193 cyperoides_____.....______._.___......... 179 Dinebra arabica____...___-._______.... 193 elongata_....____.__.___._............. 180, 182 retroflexa_._..-_.--.2-2222 22222 177, 193 eragrostis.....__.__._____._..______._.. 179, 180° Diplachne____.---...--22.222222-2- 20-8 186 ferruginea_.__.___......-_.__._________.- 179 fascicularis_.____ 222-2222 186 hypnoides__......-.______---__- eee 182, 183 Diplopogon..__----.-- 2.22 202 interrupta.________...222222 222-28 179 Setaceus._.-_-------- 222 eee 202 japonica____________..._..._..._.___.._.. 180 SE 202 lamarckii__._....---__..-___... ee. 179 setacead__._----- 2 eee 202 multiflora._._..___-.....____-_.._.... 2... 183 Disarrhenum antarcticum_____.._..._....___- 176 owariensis____________.___............... 183 Donaz_...._.....2-2-----. 176, 184 pilosa__..--22- 222 180 acutiflorus......__..2---.--- 8 184 bE ( e 180 arundinaceus_______.__.._________...._.. 184 riparia__.___..222.-222 2-2-2 180 benghalensis___..-...._.___.._............ 184 tremula__.......---______.. ee 179 bicolor__......22-- 222 ee 184 verticillata____.._.._.__- 22-2 ee. 180, 192 festucacea___.__.._.2_-2_ 2... 184 | Eriachne.__......-_-___-_-.-22 2. 181, 205. Sestucoides_____.__.___.._-__. 185 brevifolia__.......--___- ee 181 mauritanica____..........._-....__..._.- 185 capillaris__.-._..-.-2 2222 eee 181 montana_.__.--_.._-_- 222-8 184, 185 mucronata. --_---___-.- 22 ee 181 Le 185 obtusa___--.---- 22 ee 181 cr 184, 185 pallens .._....... 22222-22222 192 versicolor.......22..2222-2--_ 88. 185 pallescens____........2222---222---e eee 192 Dylepyrum diffusum_...__.._____..... 209 | Erianthus_____.....--______________... 8. 154, 161 multiflorum__........-........_....--... 209 aureus_.--- 2-2 eee 154 Echinochloa____._.....-_-_____.__......__.. 133 brevibarbis______.....-2----- =e 152 eruscorvi____._.-- 22-2 173 japonicus___...__- eee eee eee eee eee eee 154 crusgalli_.-_--222 2222222 172, 173 ravennae__-________-__-_ eee. 154 echinata____.....-------__2.2. 173 1 re 155 lanceolata_____..........-_____.._....__. 173 | Eriochloa punctata_______________________._- 159 LL 5 172 | Eriochrysis.._........_-_-._---__2 eee 153 setigera___-._...2222 2 88 173 cayanensis_._._.....-....2...%______ 153 stagnina____.__.__222 22-28. 173 pulchra____... 222 153 Echinopogon.___.__....--_______.... 168 | Eulalia aurea____......22222--_-_- ee 154 ovatus...---22 2222 168 | Festuca__________- ee 195 Ehrharta_______.2.-222-2___.-8. 8. 176 altissima.___.._-______. ee 194, 195 bulbosa___.--.. 22-22 2 176 qurata___------- eee 194 calycina___._.--_2-2 2 eee 176 aurea_____-_-------- ee 194 Eleusine brevifolia___._-..______..._...._.__.. 188 barbata__.________- one nee 181 domingensis._...___.........--________. 176, 187 calamaria___............-________._.....- 194 filiformis_.....222222222-22_ 28 180 calycinad.__._.-_-- 22 181 floccifotia_._..___._----2 2-8. 177 | curvata__-_---- 222 194, 195 radulans_._........-.._.____..._-- 180 decumbens _______.______.. eee 183 virgata___--..2-- 2222-2 180 diandra__-------_-- eee 209 Elymus caninus_.......-_.-._.....-.-.... 197 distans___._______--_ 22-22 195 hystriz__22.222 20 201 dumetorum__..___........-------.--.-._- 194 virginicus__...___.___-_-_-.-.-_._...____. 198 elatior.......-...2-2-2222 22222 eee 193, 194 Elytrophorus._.______._-__.____.____.....__.- 177 eskia_..-2-22222 ee 194 articulatus..__....22.2222222222 22 177 fascicularis.....-.-.---- 2222222222 eee 186 INDEX Page Festuca—Continued. Jiliformis__...._.....-..-.---------------- 180 flavescens_.__....-.2 2222 195 gerardi___._._______..-- 22222 ee eee 194 TT 194 halleri.............-....-.---22-------- 195, 196 inermis___.......-.---------------------- 194 lachenalii_.................-.-- 195, 196, 198, 199 littoralis_..............--.2.-22-.--2---- 194 loliacea__..-..........---222---2 eee 194 maritima_._.._........--.-------------- 197, 198 nigrescens__.-....-..--------------------- 194 octoflora_.........-...------------------- 195 ovina glauca__._.......---2--22-2- 222 eee 194 pectinata__.............----..------------ 197 phoenicoides__..............-..----------- 196 pilosa_...........-.---.------------------ 194 poaeformis.__.......-..------------------ 194 pratensis.............----2---2----------- 194 pulchella_____-...- 2-222. 194 pumila.....-..-2 2 eee 195 rhetica__.._-._.----__-------------------- 194 rottboellia__...........-...-.-2---22---- 198 tubra_...-.....- 222222222 194 subsp. dumetorum..-_._.._._..------ 194 subsp. violacea..........-. 2-222... 195 var. fallax______.._-.--------22-------- 194 Scabra__.-_........---------------------- 198 scheuchzeri_............--..-------------- 194 Serolina._...._-_.._._---_----------- eee 195 Silvatica_.............-.------------------ 194 spadicea_._..........------.------.---.-. 194 sylvatica._._____.....------------ 22 -e-- 195, 196 tenella__........-.---.------------------- 195 thunbergii_._.....-.-.-.------------------ 156 unioloides_........-.----.---------------- 183 varia. .....-.---------.------------------ 195 subsp. eskia...--_---.--------------- 194 violacea__.......-..--.-------------------- 195 Fluminea festucacea___.....----.------------ 184 Gastridium_.......-...---.---------------- 156, 160 australe.............--------------------- 161 ventricosum_______..-__.--..-.-------- 158, 161 Gaudinia..._..-...-.-....----.-------------- 192 avenacead.__...-._---._-------__---------- 192 fragilis.......-.....---------------------- 192 planiculmis.........-......-------------- 192 Gramina tremula__...........-.-.--.------- -- 210 Gymnopogon.-_--...------------------------ 168 ambiguus._............-.-.------------.-- 168 TaceMOSUS__-._..--.---------------------- 168 Gymnothriz.._.....-.-------------------- ---- «1 thuarii.......-...---- 2-2-2 175 Gynerium.__.-.----.-------------.---------- 208 procerwm._.........---------------------- 208 sagittatum _____________-_._---____--2-- eee 208 Harpochloa_.............-----.-------------- 176 capensis __.....-.------------------------ 176 falx......---2-----.-.---- weeee eee eeeeeee 176 Haynaldia villosa__..............------------ 197 Heleochloa..............-------------------- 161 juncea.........-------------------------- 161 phalaroides............-..-.-------------- 161 Heteropogon hirsutis.............-.--.------- 208 Hierochloa_.......-..-...-------------------- 176 Odorata....-....------.------------------ 176 repens .....------------------------------ 176 * XIII Page Holeus asper_...........-...----------------- 205 avenaceus____.....--.-.------ 2-2-8 ee 205 caffrorum._...........----.-.------------ 205 capillaris........222222 2222-222 ---- 8 ee 205 decolorans_.._..........----.-.--2------- 205 elongatus............-.-.-------------. 205, 210 fulvus........22-222222 222 205 halepensis...__....-.___-_______________. 205 lanatus.._..........2------------._____-. 206 mollis..............--..---.-------------- 206 odoratus_._....._..-.-----------_-_____e. 176 pallidus_.............---.-.-.----------_- 205 parviflorus.__......22-2 22228 205, 210 plumosus._..........-.-.--_--_-________. 205 repens __.___. 2-2 -------- eee 176 rubens.............--.-.--_-------------- 205 Saccharatus.............---.-------.-___. 206 sorghum__.__...____- ween eee 205 saccharatus__.._.....-222-222 22 8- 206 spicatus__.........--.-2.2-2-.--_--- 88. 206 striatus ........22222----------------_--- 206 Homalocenchrus hexandrus.............____- 151 enticularis._........-.--2--2-2-- 2-2. 151, 202 monandruS__.__...-----.---.-.-2-.-.---. 151 oryzoides___......---.-----2 eee eee ee 151 virginicus.__......---22---- eee ee 151 Hordeum.__._.........-..-22-2---------- ee 200 avenaceum _____..__-.-..-----2--- eee 200 bulbosum___....-.-.-.---------------- 199, 201 commuUNe.__...-.------------------------ 200 distichon _.__._.__--22222 ee ee 201 heterostychon._...............---.---_---- 200 hexastichon.._._.___.-..-2- 22 200 hystrit___..-.........-.-------.-------- 200, 201 maritimum ___-_._..---.--.------------- 201 murinum.__.-..--..-----2--- eee eee 201 nodosum .___....--.---.----------------e 201 rigidwum__._..........-------------------- 201 secalinum __.........-----22-2--2--_--__- 201 Strictum__._....--.-------------------- 199, 201 vulgare____-_-_-_- 22 201 zeocriton._.__._..-.---------------------- 201 Hydrochloa....-.-...----222--- eee 208 caroliniensis.............----..2-2222 2 ee 208 fluitans......-.-..----------------------- 208 Hymenachne..-____..-_-.-__------ eee 161, 170 amplexicaulis____...._.......---.-.----.- 170 MYUTOS._.....-.-------------- eee 170 Hystrix_.............-.---------------------- 201 Ichnanthus__._._.....--_--.------------------ 175 panicoides.__....-.---------------------- 175 Imperata_.___.--_-_-----.-.--------- awtedecucs 152 eylindrica_......-.---.---------.-. 152, 153, 209 koenigii_......-.....-.---.---------------- 152 spontaned.__.......-----.---------------- 153 thunbergii_............--.---------------- 153 Ischaemum.-_............-.---.-------------- 199 aristatum___.....-.-.---.-.-- 222-22 -e 200 subsp. barbatum__._............---- 200 barbatum__..-.-..-.----.-.------ eee 200 Ciliare_.........2.22222 LLL. wa--------- 200 imberbe.--_.-...----..------------------ 199 laxum_._-_-__--------- 2 eee eee 204 sehima___-___________-_____---------- eee 204 striatum. _.............-.---------------- 199 vulgare...........-...-------------------- 199 XxIV Page Jarava ichw........-.-------- 2-22 159 Kerpa.__._...-.----.-------- eee 209 Koeleria__.......-..-.--.---------.---------- 188 avenacea._.......--.---------------------- 188 brevifolia._.....--..-.-------------------- 188 cristata_.........------.-_--------------- 178 pyramidata___....--- ween eee ee e-e-- ee 188 gracilis..........---....---_.------------ 178 lagopoides_._......-..----.--------------- 188 pubescens......--.----------------------- 188 pyramidata__........---..--------------- 188 villosa__......-..-.---------------- weeeee 188 Lagurus cylindricus__....-------------------- 152 Lasiagrostis..........------------------------ 160 Leersia herandra_.__._....-------------------- 151 lenticularis........-.-- ween eee e eee e eee ee 151, 202 monandra__.......----------------------- 151 virginica. ___.....------------------------ 151 Leptochloa_._.__..-.--..------------------ 180, 187 capillacea___...-...-----.---------------- 180 domingensis.............-------------- 176, 187 fascicularis.._._.....------ -------------- 186 filiformis._.._.....-.-.-.---------------- 180 virgata_......----.-------------------- 180, 187 Leptoloma papposa.____-._----------------- 171 Lepturus cylindricus-.-._...-.------------ 201, 202 repens ......------------------------- ---- 202 Limnetis_..........-.------------------------ 162 pungens ..---.------------------------- 162, 188 Lithachne.__........------------------------ 208 avillaris.............--------------------- 208 pauciflora..._....--.-------------------- 208 Lodicularia..........-.---------------------- 199 fasciculata___........---..-.. ------------ 200 fastigiata...._....-.-.-------------------- 200 Lolium..__......--..-.-----.---------------- 198 perenne ramosum------------.---------- 198 procumbens.........--------------------- 198 TaMOSUM.._...--------------------------- 198 tenellum__..........---------------------- 199 Ludolfia glaucescens__........---------------- 209 Manisuris.............---------------------- 200 fasciculata.__.._....._._-.-.------------- 200 Megastachya___.........--------------- 177, 178, 182 amabilis__.........--.-.----------------- 182 badensis___...........------------------- 182 bipennata_._......----------------------- 182 brizoides____....._..--------------------- 182 ciliaris...........------------------------ 182 elongata__......_------------- wee eeeeeeeee 182 hypnoides_._....__._--------------------- 182 mucronata____...-.---------------------- 182 multiflora................---------------- 183 oblonga...------------------------------- 183 owariensig..........-.-.--------------- 182, 183 polymorpha__._..-...-------------------- 183 reptans.........------------------------- 183 rigida______.._--------------------------- 183 riparia.......--.----- wee eee ee eee nee e ee 180 Melica____-.-.-----.------------------------ 177 aquatica_______..-.---------------------- 177 curtipendula_______..------------------ 178, 193 falz_.........---------------------------- 176 Melinis._..............---------------------- 174 Page Meoschium.._......-..-.-.------------------ 200 aristatum......_.....-------------------- 200 barbatum.......-2-2------ eee eee 200 ciliare___._...-....----------------------- 200 Mibora____---.-- 22k 163 minima__......--------------------- eee 163 vernad._.....----------------------------- 163 Microchloa__.._..__.-.-..------------------- 201 indica. _._.....------2- eee 201 Milium......22222 22222 154 capense__...-...-- eee ee 160 cimicinum__.......-.2--------- eee ee 154 coerulescens___._.____..------------------ 1859 COMPTesSUM.._._--- 2-2 eee 154 digitatum_._......-----.----- ween eneennee 154 elegans__.........--------------- eee 154 hirsutum__...0..222222-2-2 2222 154 lendigerum_.._.........---------------- 160, 161 multiflorum........-- wee eee eee ee eee nee 159 paniceum..._.......--------------------- 154 paradorum_.......-- wee eee eee eee ee 159 punctatum.......------- eee 159 Miscanthus japonicus.............--.--..--- 154 Molinia aguatica__._......---..22 222-2 ee 177 serotina___....__....-..-.---.----------- 195 Monachne_.._._....------------------------- 170 racemosa__........-...------------------- 171 unilateralis._.......-.2.- ween eee ee .--- 170,171 Monerma_-._.._.-..------------------------ 201 monandra_-__.........----------------- 200, 201 repenS._..........------.---------------- 202 Muhlenbergia capillaris.............-..--- 156, 163 var. filipes.........2.-22--2 2-22 ele 163 diffusa__.....-.---22--- 2 eee eee eee 209 erect@___..._....-.-.--------------------- 167 expansa__.__...-..-------------- eee 163 mexicana___._._----------------------- 157, 165 multiflora..........-.-------------------- 162 peruviana.._.....------------------------ 163 racemosa....-..-.----------------------- 158 schreberi_...........--------------------- 209 sobolifera_._.......-..------------------- 160 tenuiflora_............--..--------------- 165 Nardus indica___....._.._..------------------ 201 spicad____-______---_-__- = -------- 209 indica_.____..___._-_----------------- 209 Nastus........-.------------------- +--+ 208 borbonicus_._.......-.-..---------------- 209 verticillatus............------------------- 208 Nomenclature, Beauvois’ ideas on.__.------- 140 Olyra azillaris_.._...-..--.-.---------------- 208 paucifiora_........-.-.------------------- 208 Ophiurus.__.......---..--------------------- 201 cylindricus__.........-.------------------ 201 incurvatus_............------------------- 201 pannonicus..........-------------------- 201 Oplismenus__.....-..------------------------ 173 africanus...............------------------ 173 bromoides-_.....--- eee eee enn n eee eee eee 174 burmanni___....._----------------------- 174 compositus........---.--.--------------- 174 elatior__.......-------.------------------- 174 foliaceus. ._....-.------------------------ 174 helvolus__.......------------------------- 174 hirtellus__........-.--------------------- 174 INDEX Oplismenus—Continued. Page loliaceus__.__...-..---------------------- 174 undulatifolius............--------------- 174 Orthoclada-.-____..__....--------------------- 178 Jaxa__......-------------------- === ee 178 rariflora._....._.----------------------+-- 178 Oryza._..---.--------------- +--+ += =e 162 latifolia. ......-....---------------------- 162 parviflora. ........----------------------- 162 Oryzopsis aspera__.....---------------------- 159 asperifolia.........---------------------- 159 coerulescens.......---------------------- 159 miliacea_._.........------------------- 159, 160 paradoxa.._.-_-------------------------- 159 Panicularia aquatica.__.-.----------------- 177, 178 Panicum. _-.-_---.--------------------------- 169 abortivum__.....------------------------- 203 anceps... - ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 158 asperifolium.-_....----------------------- 171 bromoides__...----- wee eee eee eee eee eee 174 burmanni_......------------------------- 174 ceresia__._....-----------------+------- 153, 210 compositum_____------------------------- 174 cruscorvi__........----------------------- 173 crusgalli__..._..------------------------- 173 echinatum__.....------------------------- 173 elatior_......----------------------------- 174 erubescens__.._...---------------------- - 172 filiforme.__....--------------------------- 171 flavidum.......------------------------- 169 floridum_.._...-------------------------- 169 geniculatum._....------------------------ 172 germanicum.__..------------------------- 172 gibbosum_.....------------------------- 171, 210 glabrum_....----------------------------- 171 glaucescens....--------------------------- 169 glaucum.....---------------------------- 172 helopus_.....---------------------------- 173 helvolum_.__...-.------------------------ 174 hirtellum__..._--.------------------------ 174 italicum...-...--------------------------- 172 lanceolatum_.......---------------------- 173 loliacewm_......-.------------------------ 174 mucronatum._...-------------------+---- 203 muricatum._.-------------------------- 172, 203 MYyUros_..----------------------------- 161, 170 panicoides---.--------------------------- 173 papposum ._.---------------------------- 171 propinquum .__-------------------------- 171 purpureum __..-------------------------- 172 quale____.------------------------------- 169 racemosum..._-------------------------- 171 rariflorum...---------------------------- 178 sericeum__...---------------------------- 172 setigerwm___----------------------------- 173 seloOSUM.___.-.--.------------------------- 172 Spinescens ___---------------------------- 203 stagninum -.------------ ween n eee eee 173 tenuiflorum..._-------------------------- 171 undulatifolium.-_------------------------ 174 urvilleanum_-__.--.---------------------- 171 vaginaeflorwm___.-..--------------------- 171 verticillatum._..._.---------------------- 172 viride__..._-.-..-_----------------------- 172 vulpinum.......------------------------- 172 Pappophorum.------------------------------ 187 gracile__...------------------------------ 187 XV Pappophorum—Continued. Page pallidum ____..22--- 22 187 purpurascens. -_-...---------------------- 187 Paractaenum__...........------------------- 169 novae-hollandiae. --.-.---------------- 169, 170 Paspalum. .._.....------------------------ 153, 154 brevifolium_.......---------- eee 153 brevisetum__...-.....-------------------- 153 ceresia.........--..----.----------------- 153 elegans_._.......---------------- eee 153 frumentaceum.....---------------------- 153 lanuginosum_.__-_--.-------------------- 153 longiflorum........---------------------- 171 membranaceum._....--.------------------ 153 scrobiculatum .._.....-...-----.--------- 153 frumentaceum.._.-..----..---------- 153 subarticulatum._..----.------------------ 153 venustum___...-------------------------- 153 Peltophorus elegans _...---------------------- 202 Penicillaria._..-..------------------------- 175, 206 cylindrica........-.---------------------- 175 Pennisetum.----.------------------------- 172, 175 amethistinum_.....---------------------- 135 eaffrum _....---------------------------- 175 Ciliare..._.....--_------------------------ 172 glaucum.....__.---------------------- 172, 206 orientale__.......------------------------ 175 setosum ._...---------------------------- 172 Pentameris......-.-------------------------- 191 thuarii.....---.-------------------------- 192 Pentaschistis aspera...---------------------- 205 curvifolia____.....----------------------- 205 Perostis_......------------------------------- 152 Perotis latifolia__.......--------------------- 152 Phalaris.......------------------------------ 166 arundinacea .-_..------------------------- 166 picta.._..--------------------------- 166 aspera__..------------------------------- 167 bellardit_...._....------------------------ 162 boemerii_.._...-------------------------- 166 colorata...........----------------------- 166 cuspida._-_--- @ -------- == +++ -- 166 erucaeformis._...------------------------ 166 erucoides_..._------------------------- 166, 192 oryzoides_..__..-------------------------- 151 paniculata_...------------------------- 166, 167 paradoxa..__..-------------------------- 166 phleoides._._.-.-------------------------- 167 picta......------------------------------- 166 praemorsa_-...-------------------------- 166 pruinosa_._------------------------------ 166 semi-neutra-__.-------------------------- 166 subulata_.....------------------------- -- 162 tenuig____.------------------------------ 162 villosa__...------------------------------ 170 Phleum--_._.-------------------------------- 161 arenarium._...-------------------------- 167 asperum_._.....-.------------------------ 161 bellardi....------------------------------ 162 boehmeri...-.-------------------------- 166, 167 michelii....-....------------------------ 167 nodosum .__.--------------------------- 161 paniculatum-.-_...-.--------------------- 167 phalaroides._....------------------------- 161 phleoides------------------------------ 161, 167 subulatum - .__------------------------ 161, 162 tenue__....-.-------------------------- 161, 162 thyphinum._._.-------------------------- 161 velutinum_._.......---------------------- 161 XVI Page | Pholiurus incurvus.......------------------- 201 | pannonicus_......----------------------- 201 | Piptatherum..........--------------------- 154, 159 caerulescens........---------------------- 159 elegans........--------------------------- 159 multiflorum.....-.----------------------- 159 paradorum........---------------------- 159 punctatum._.....------------------------ 159 Poa___..-.--.------------------------------- 178 aegyplia........-..--.--------.---------- 178 airoides ............--..------------------ 178 alpina badensis_.......-------- woo --e---- 182 allissima_........-.---------------------- 178 amabilis............--------------------- 182 aquatica. ....-------------------------- 177, 178 aristata........-.------------------------ 178 badensis_..........---------------------- . 182 brevifolia.......-------------------------- 188 caerulescens.......-.------------------- _ 178 cenesia......---------------------------- 195 ciliaris..........------------------------- 182 cristata. ......-.------------------------- 178 curvata...........--------------------- 178, 194 cynosuroides.._.......------------------- 179 cyperoides__..--.------------------------- 179 diarrhena_.......------------------------ 179 distans_.........------------------------- 179 divaricata_....-..------------------------ 192 dura_......-.---------------------- 176, 178, 192 _ élongata_......--------------------------- 182 eragrostis_.....---- w------------------- 179, 180 ferruginea_.......-.-.-------------------- 179 gracilescens__......-.-------------------- 178 hypnoides.........----------------------- 182 interrupla......------------------------- 179 polymorpha.._....------------------- 180 loliacea.........----------------------- 196, 198 minuta..........------------------------- 178 mucronata .......-.--.------------------- 182 multiflora_.......---------------------- 177, 183 nemoralis_.......----------- BP ----------- 155 oblonga_...-....----------------------- 178, 183 obtusata__...-.--------------------------- 178 palustris........------------------------- 178 pilosa__.........-.----------------------- 180 polymorpha_.........-------------- 178, 180, 183 pratensis..........-....----------------. 178 procumbens......---.-------------------- 193 pyramidata.._-...-..-------.-------2---- 188 reptans.....-..--.--------------0-------- 183 rigida_...........---.-----.-------------- 183 riparia.......-.--.------+---------------- 180 salina.......---.---------------------- 179 serotina...........----------------------- 178 seslerioides_.._.-..--.-------------------- 178 Sicula__......-.---.-------------------2-e li7 Squamosa.....----.---------------------- 179 Striata_._.....-.-22- 2 eee 179 Stricta_......-.-------------------------- 179 sylvatica. .....--------------------------- 179 | tremula__...........-.-------------------- 179 | trinervata._......--2--222 2-22 e ee 179 trivialis.__..--22--- eee 178 verticillata_.........-.------.---.------ 180, 192 violacea..............-.----------------- 194 INDEX Page Podosemum.....---------------------------- 163 agrostideum__.....----------------------- 163 capillare.........------------------------ 163 purpureum........---------------------- 163 Pogonatherum ......-.---------------------- 175 paniceum...._-.-.---.------------------ 175 saccharoideum__..--.-------------------- 175 Polypogon.....--------------------------- 156, 159 crinitus__..........---------------------- 159 lutosus._........-----...---------------- 157 monspeliensis-....-------------------- 155, 159 vaginatum.........---------------------- 161 Psamma__...-.---------------------------- 176, 209 littoralis.......-.-.----.----2------------ 209 Puccinellia._....-....----------------------- 179 rupestris......---.---------------------- 193 Rabdochloa_...-.-.------------------------ 176, 187 cruciata_.......-------------------------- 187 domingensis_........--------------------- 187 monostachya..--.------------------------ 187 mucronata _...--------------------------- 187 virgata____......------------------------- 187 Rhaphis-__..-.------------------------------- 203 elongatus_....--------------------------- 205 gryllus.._._..-..------------------------ 205 parviflora. -..---------------------------- 205 Rottboella cymbachne.-_...-.------------------ 204 fasciculata.......--.--------------------- 200 monandra....------------------------- 200, 201 Roitboellia compressa__......----------------- 210 cylindrica__.....--.---------------------- 201 incurvata.._.....------------------------ 201 pannonica...---.------------------------ 201 repens _......---------------------------- 202 Saccharum .-_....---------------------------- 152 arundinaceum.-__..-..-.---.------------- 209 bifarium _....---------------------------- 152 biflorum.......-------------------------- 152 brevibarbe_.........---------------------- 152 cylindricum...--------------------------- 152 japonicum ........----------------------- 154 koenigii.......--.-.---------------------- 152 paniceum...----------------------------- 175 ravennae._....-..-.---------------------- 161 TePeN$ _....-.---------------------------- 155 reptans __......------------------------ 170, 171 spontaneum ____-___________------------- 153 thunbergii_...............-.-------------- 153 Sacciolepis myuros-_._........--.---------- 161, 170 Striata__......--..--.---------- 2+ 206 Sanguinella thunbergii_..........------------- 209 tripsacoides...........------------------- 210 Schedonorus............--.---------------- 178, 193 altissimus_..........--------------------- 194 aquratus_..........----------------------- 194 aureus__.......-------------------------- 194 calamarius_...........------------------- 194 curvalus.............-------------------- 194 dumetorum_......----------------------- 194 elatior__.........-..-------------------- 193, 194 eskia__.......-------.-------------------- 194 gerardi_............-.-------------------- 194 glaucus_.......-..-----.----------------- 194 inermis_...__..-------------------------- 194 littoralis..........--.-------------------- 194 INDEX Schedonorus—C ontinued. | | | | | loliaceus_.....--------------------------- 194 nigrescens......--.----------------------- 194 pilosus_......---------------------------- 194 poaeformis.._....--.---------------------- 194 pratensis_......-..----------------------- 194 pulchellus__......------------------------ 194 rhaeticus...-.-..------------------------- 194 scheuchzeri._..........------------------- 194 serotinus._._...-------------------------- 195 sylvaticus.......------------------------- 195 tenellus__.........----------------------- 195 variuS_......----------------------------- 195 violaceus..........----------------------- 195 Schenodorus.....---------------------------- 193 | Schismus.......----------------------------- 181 barbatus.....------------------------- 181, 182 fasciculatus.......-.--------------------- 181 marginatus ....-..----------------------- 181 Sclerochloa__...---.-.----------------- 176, 178, 192 divaricata__..._.......------------------- 192 dura__......----------------------- 177, 192, 198 procumbens ....-------------------------- 193 Scleropoa rigida._.-------------------------- 183 Scolochloa_...-.....-------------------------- 184 Secale___.......----------------------------- 199 cereale..___.._.....---------------------- 199 crelicum........------------------------- 199 prostratum.__.--------------------------- 197 pumilum ......-------------------------- 199 triflorum __.......------------------------ 199 villosum___.--.--.----------------------- 197 Sehima ischaemoides__......------------------ 204 Sesleria coerulea_........-------------------- 176 microcephala_.._...---------------------- 186 ovata___._....--------------------------- 186 Selaria__..._.....---.-.---------------------- 171 erubescens__.-..------------------------- 172 genic’ aia... eee = 172 germanica.._..--------------------------- 172 glauca __...___-.-.----------------------- 172 italica._......-.....---------------------- 172 longiseta_....--.----------------------- 172, 210 muricata_........------------------------ 172 purpured..._----------------------------- 172 gericead_....-------------------- eee 172 setosa___...------------------------------ 172 umbrosa__..-...------------------------+ 172 verticillata_.......-.---------------------- 172 villosa _...-..-..------------------------- 172 viridis__.......-.-..-------------------- 169, 172 vulpina____------------------------------ 172 Sieglingia decumbens__-.-.--.---------------- 183 Sorghum__..--------------------------------- 205 asperum__...-.-------------------------- 205 avenaceum_.....------------------------- 205 caffrorum.....--------------------------- 205 capillare__......------------------------- 205 cOMMUNE_____.....---------------------- 205 decolorans_.........---------------------- 205 elongatum .._..-------------------------- 205 flavum__.....---------------------------- 205 halepense._._.----.-----------------+---- 205 pallidum_.......------------------------- 205 parviflorum__........-------------------- 205 plumosum _..---------------------------- 205 rubens.__....----------------------- enone 205 21371—25—-—7 XVII Page | Sorghum—C ontinued. Page saccharatum__......---------------------- 206 spicatum._.....-.------------------------- 206 Striatum __..----------- weer eee eee eens 206 strictum ......-------------------- 2 eee 206 vulgare.__.......------------------------- 205 Sparteum___...----------------- wenceeee ----- 210 austriacum. _....----------.------------- 210 Spartina__....-..-----.-------------------- 162, 188 brasillensis....-.------------.----------- 162 cynosuroides..__------------------------ 162 fasciculata___._..------------.----------- 162 geniculata_....--------------------------- 162 maritima......-.--------------------- _ 162, 189 polystachya_.....-.---------------------- 162 PunNngens._._..--------------------------- 162 stricta____......_...---------------------- 162 Sphenopus divaricatus_........-------------- 192 Sporobolus. _._------------------------------ 162 asper.._.-------- woe en ee nn ee eee eee ee ee eee 156 berteroanus.....-.-----.----------------- 157 capensis____._--------------------------- 156 compositus....-.------------------------- 156 coromandelianus_-__.-.------------------ 156 diandrus.___..-------------------------- 162 elongatus__...---.--------------------- 155, 156 junceus.._..----------------------------- 161 littoralis.......------------------------ 156, 157 pungens-_.._-.-- wane eee e ee eee eee eee eee 158 tenacissimus__..._.--.----.-------------- 162 virginicus_._....------------------------- 159 Stemmatospermum.__------------------------ 269 verticillatum_......-----.---------------- 209 Stipa__......._------------------------------ 159 bromoides__._.._------------------------ 160 calamagrositis....-..-------------------- 160 ichu_.._.....---------------------------- 159 jarava____..--.--------------------------- 159 pennata_.___---------------------------- 210 Streptogyna.....---------------------------- 186 crinita_.....-...--------------------- _--- 186 guyanensis._...------------------------- 186 Streptogyne, French common name for Streptogyna_...--------------------------- 186 Streptostachys....---------------------------- 171 hirsuta_........-------------------------- 171 Sturmia verna___...-..----------------------- 163 Syntherisma digitata_......-.--------------- 154 filiformis__........----------------------- 171 gibbosa__.....------------------------- 171, 210 glabra__.....----------------------------- 171 ischaemum........-.-------------------- 171 longiflora_-..---------------------- 153, 157,171 panicea___.------------------------------ 154 sanguinalis-_-_..-------------------------- 199 Terminology of Beauvois-----..------------- 143 Tetrapogon.._...---------------------------- 186 villosus_......-...----------------------- 186 Themeda gigantea_---..--------------------- 204 triandra__.--....-.---------------------- 204 | Thysanolaena procera. ---------------------- 158 Torresia__.-.-.------------------------------ 176 antarctica__.......----------------------- 176 magellanica...._.------------------------ 176 odorata_.......-.------------------------ 176 redolens__...---------------------------- 176 | Tosagris agrostoidea___..--------------------- 163 XVIII Page Trachynotia polystachya_.....-....----------- 162 Tremula_.._......--.-.---.------------------ 210 Triathera___.._-.--.- cence eee eee eee e eee ee ee- 167 juneea___. eee eee 167 Trichaeta______--__. eee eee eee 189 ovata__.....-.---------------------------- 189 Trichochloa purpurea_........-..------.------ 163 Trichodium _.........-......----------------- 152 elegans__.._.--.-.--------------------- 2 152 Tricholaena___.._.-..-----.--.-.------------ 155 Tricuspis_..._.. 22-222 184 caroliniana____..-------.----------- eee 178, 184 | novae-boracensis_...........-------------- 154 Triodia___..-....-.2-222-2 eee eee 183 decumbens .......22-2222 22 e ee ---------- 183 flava___.-. 2-2 eee eee eee eee 178, 184 glumosa_._-.--.------------------------- 183 Triplasis.__......-.--.--222- ee eee eee 186 amoricana....-....---.------------------ 186 Trisetaria_____..-.--2 2222-2 189 forskalti_......222222-22-2 222i 189 linearis... 0-2 eee eee 189 Trisetum........-.---.-----2----- 2-2 eee 189 alpestre__.....---2-.-----2 2 eee ee 189 eernuum—_.-- 2 eee. 190 distichophylla_....--..2222- 2222 eee 189 flavescens.__...-----22 2-2 eee 185 forskalii_._2.22222-2--------------- 2 189 loefflingti_.....----------.---2-2-2 2-2-2 189 loeflingiana_...-........2.- 2-2-2222. 189 macrum = .....--.------ 2-2 eee eee 196 melicoides....-...2-----2-2 2-2 e eee 169 ovatum.....--.-------------- 22 - 189 pungens _ 222222 eee 190 sesquilerium. 000-22 e ee 190 spicatum__...-.2---2---2-22---- 2-2 ee. 190 subspicatum_______..--.--.------------ ee 190 villosum___..222 22-22 eee 180 Triticum _-.-------2 2-2 eee 199 aegilops.-_...-..----------- 22. 199 brevissimum—__..........2-2----2------ eee 199 caninum. ...-- 22-2 eee 197 capillare.........-...------------------ 197, 189 caudatuim......--2 2222-2 197 ereticum........------------------------- 199 densiflorum____.-_-----____- 22 ee w-ea--ee 197 distichum__-..- 22-22-22 197 elongatum _.__.....--.--2--22--2- 22-22 --- 197 festucoides____....2- eee 195, 199 fragile. __-- 2.222222 eee woeeeee 195 halleri____.222-2 22222 196 intermedium._.........-..--.----------- 197 junceum..........22- 22-8 197 laevissimum _—..-.---2- 2-2 ene 199 loliacewm __ 22-222 196 maritimum ....2-.22.-2-2------ oe ee 197 multiflorwm_...-...-----.--.-.--------- 197, 199 mardus_____.---- 2-8 eee 196 nigricans. -__....--------- eee eee 196 pectinatum__.....---2- eee ee 197 polonicum.___.------ 22222 eee ieee 199 prostratum.....-------------------2------ 197 pumilum. ......22222-. 222 197, 199 pungens __..--.---------- eee 199 repens _....-.---.----- eee eee 197 rigidwm_.......-------------2-2---- ee 198 INDEX { Triticum—Continued. Page rottboella_..........---.----------------ee 196 rottbolla__... 222. 198 sativum... 222 e eee eee 199 Scabrum.__... 22-22 ee 198 sepium. __._ eee 198 sibiricum__ 22 e eee 198 SQUQTTOSUM _......2---- eee eee 199 tenellum__........2..-------------- 196, 198, 199 tenWé_....-.....------------------------ 197, 199 tenuiculum.......--.-----2 eee 198, 199 unilaterale_.....-...-----.------------- 197, 198 vagiNaNs.... 22 eee _--. 198 Trochera...........-....--------------------- 176 bulbosa.. 2.220.222 eee 176 calicina_._2 222. e eee 176 Type of a name, how determined_-....-.-.-- 149 Uniola__..-2 2 eee eee eee 183 ciliata... 2-222 eee ee 183 intermedia. ........---------------------- 183 latifolia......22.2222 2 eee eee 183 maritima. .....2.22222-22 222 eee eee 183 paniculata... 22 eee 183 PUNGENS ._.. eee 183 Urochloa_......-...-.-------------------- 2 173 panicoides___._.......------------------- 133 Valota insularis.........2222202220222-2 2228. 154 Ventenata macra____.-2 222-22 e ee 190 Vetiveria....-- 222 ee 203 zizanioides __.......-.------------------- 203 Vilfa_ 2222s 155 aemula___.__..-.----- eee eee eee ee 155 africand._......---.---------------------- 155 alba__...-------------- ween enone 155 alopecuroides........--..222-2-22 2 e ee 155 arachnoidea__._.....-...----------------- 156 articulata_.........-..-...--------------- 156 G8PeT__ ~~ eee eee eee 156 australis _....-.-...---------------------- 156 barbata__.....222-.2--2--- 2-22 eee eee 156 billardierii__.....2222222 222 eee 156 CUPENSI8._ eee 156, 158 ciliata... 222222 156 coarctala__...- 2-2-2 22 -eeeeeeeeee-ee 156 composita_...-_-.-. 22-2 ee 156 cCOMPressa__._.---------- eee 156 coromandelina___.....__-- eee eeneennee 156 crinita...2-22 02-222 156 cruciata__.......--.-..------------------- 156 cylindrica....222222 222 eee eee 156 debilis_ 222 156 decipiens....-..--------- nena 157 decumbens _....-...- wane eee eee eee ene 157 densa___.. wae eee eee - eee eee eee ee 157 dispar. ........-.--.--------------------- 157 dulcis... 22 e-e eee -e eee -- 157 elongata._.........22---2----------------- 157 frondosa___...-.--..-----2- eee 157 gigantea__._._..- 2-2-2 eee 157 hispida. _......--.-..-.------------------ 157 hybrida___-.-...---.-2--------- 22-2 157 involuta__.-..-.--..--.--22--222----- eee 157 lateriflora____..-...----222-2 eee eee 157 lenta_.......-----22---- eee eee 157 linearis. ....--..222-------2- 2222-2 ene 167 littoralis__...2.......-.------------------ 157 INDEX XIX Vilfa—Continued. : Page | Vilfa—Continued Page lobata_.........2...-..--.---------------- 157 | Stolonifera_..........-...---------.------ 159 lutosa___.-...---------------------------- 157 | sylvatica -_....--------.------------------ 159 magellanica__........--.----------------- 157 | verticillata____.....-....2-.-.------------ 159 maritima__........---------------------- 157 | villarsii_............---.----------------- 159 mexicana ______...--..------------------- 157 vinealig____......------------------------ 159 montana.........-.---------------------- 157 | virginica __..........---2-------------- ee 159 novae-hollandiae__..........---.---------- 157 va? ___.----- 2-2 ----------- ee 158 nutans___......-------------------------- 157 | vulgaris__._....-....--------------------- 159 paniced.......---.----------- eee 158 | Wangenheimia lima.._..........------------ 193 parviflora...........--.------------------ 158 | Weingaertneria articulata_—_-..-....--------- 190 patula__.....---------------------------- 158 | canescens_...-.-------------------------- 190 pilosa.._.......------------------------- 158 | Zeocriton.....-...--.------------2----------- 200 plebeia.........2..-------------- eee 158 | commune......-...--------------------- - 201 procerd.__....----------------+---------- 158 | complanatum.._.-.---------------------- 201 pumila. ___...--------------------------- 158 | distichum _.....-.------------------------ 201 pungens__..... weno enone eee eens eee e eee ee 153 | hystrit.........------------------------ 200, 201 purpurascens. .......---.---------------- 158 | maritimum _.....------------------------ 201 TACEMOSA.......-------------------------- 158 | MUTINUM.....---------- 22-2222 -- enn 201 TQrQ__..-.---.--------------------------- 158 | nodosum.....---------------------------- 201 retrofracta_..........--------------------- 158 | rigiduUm_.....-.-------------------------- 201 Scabra___......--.----------------------- 158 | secalinum...-......---------------------- 201 Sciured_____...-----.-------------------- 158 | strictUM__..--- eee ee eee eee eee eee 201 Setaced_____-_...------------------------- 158 | Zizania fluitans_.............---------------- 208 Spicata_........-------------------------- 158 | lenticularis_........---.------------------ 202 stellata___......---2-22-2.-22------------- 158 | NAtANS.. nnn enn enn een ene 208 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 24, PART 7 THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA SYNOPSIS OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA By A. S. HITCHCOCK WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1925 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. II PREFACE. As a result of his work on American grasses, Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, botanist in charge of systematic agrostology, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture, has prepared the two accompanying papers upon Stipa, one of the larger genera of the grass family. The species of this genus are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and are especially characteristic of steppes, plains, deserts, and other arid and semiarid regions. They form an important part of the forage of the western plains and foothills of the United States. The first paper is a revision of the North American species, of which there are 40. Five of these are described as new. The second paper is a synopsis of the South American species of Stipa represented in the United States National Herbarium. Unfor- tunately the material at hand is not sufficient to warrant a complete revision at this time. There are included 89 species, 19 of which are described as new. FREDERICK V. CovILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Ill CONTENTS. Tue Norta AMERICAN Species or STIPA Page. Introduction._-.._.....----------- we eee 215 Description of the genus and species _ ___. Wee eee eee 216 Unidentified species___._.______.______--_--------------------- 261 Excluded species___________ Wee 262 List of new species and subspecies and new names_._.______.___._._. 262 SYNOPSIS OF THE SouTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA Introduction___-_..------.------ ween eee -ooe----- = 268 Systematic treatment___________--- Wee eee nee eee 264 List of new species and new names____.__-_-________. - eee 289 INDEX____-___------ Ce ee ee eee ne Ix ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page.- Puate 50. Fruits of Stipa._____.___- Woe eee eee eee 262° Figs. 1, 2. Stipa neomexicana; Texas, Chase 5982. Figs. 3, 4. Stipa speciosa; California, Chase 5747. Figs. 5, 6. Stipa mucronata; Mexico, type. Figs. 7, 8. Stipa leucotricha; Texas, Hitchcock 5138. Figs. 9, 10. Stipa stillmanii; California, Bolander. Figs. 11, 12. Stipa coronata; California, Orcutt 1068. Fig. 13. Stipa coronata parishii; California, Parish Brothers 1079. Figs. 14, 15. Stipa richardsoni; Alberta, Hitchcock 11468. Figs. 16, 17. Stipa avenacioides; Florida, Curtiss 5834. Figs. 18, 19. Stipa spartea; Iowa, Hitchcock 11020. Figs. 20, 21. Stipa avenacea; Maryland, Kneucker Gram. Exs. 564. PuaTte 51. Fruits of Stipa____.________-___-------------------------- 262: Figs. 1, 2. Stipa saxicola; Mexico, Hitchcock 6488. Figs. 3, 4. Stipa comata; Colorado, Hitchcock 1700. Fig. 5. Stipa comata intermedia; Wyoming, Tweedy 610. Figs. 6, 7. Stipa pulchra; California, Chase 5598. Figs. 8, 9. Stipa leiantha; Mexico, Hitchcock 6489. Figs. 10, 11. Stipa pringlei; Mexico, Hitchcock 7681. Figs. 12, 13. Stipa eminens; Mexico, Palmer 523. Figs. 14, 15. Stipa clandestina; Mexico, Arséne 3441. Figs. 16, 17. Stipa lepida; California, Chase 5609. Figs. 18, 19. Stipa porteri; Colorado, Wolfe 1109. Figs. 20, 21. Stipa thurberiana; Idaho, Chase 4689. Figs. 22, 23. Stipa elmert; California, Hitchcock 3336. Figs. 24, 25. Stipa occidentalis; Oregon, Hitchcock 11740. Figs. 26, 27. Stipa multinodis; Mexico, Pringle 385. Figs. 28, 29. Stipa constricta; Mexico, Hitchcock 6742. Figs. 30, 31. Stipa scribneri; New Mexico, Vasey. Figs. 32, 33. Stipa californica; California, Hall 2556. PuaTe 52. Fruits of Stipa._._._...__...---------------------------- 262: Figs. 1, 2. Stipa angustifolia; Mexico, Palmer 726. Figs. 3, 4. Stipa virescens; Mexico, Hitchcock 5973. Figs. 5, 6. Stipa mexicana; Mexico, Pringle 4299. Figs. 7, 8. Stipa lemmoni; California, Butler 830. Figs. 9, 10. Stipa williamsii; Wyoming, Williams 2804. Figs. 11, 12. Stipa viridula; South Dakota, Griffiths 201. Figs. 13, 14. Stipa vaseyi; New Mexico, Hitchcock 13280. Figs. 15, 16. Stipa columbiana; Montana, Hitchcock 4911. Fig. 17. Stipa columbiana nelsoni; Wyoming, Nelson 3963. Figs. 18, 19. Stipa lettermani; Idaho, Letterman 102. Figs. 20, 21. Stipa pinetorum; Colorado, Jones 6023. Figs. 22, 23. Stipa arida; Utah, Jones 5377. Figs. 24, 25. Stipa editorum; Mexico, Hitchcock 6469. Figs. 26, 27. Stipa tenuissima; New Mexico, Hitchcock 13498. Figs. 28, 29. Stipa ichu; Mexico, Hitchcock 6521. VEE THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. By A. S. Hitcucock. INTRODUCTION. The genus Stipa was established by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum, being based upon three species, two from Europe, S. pennata and S. juncea, and one from Virginia, S. avenacea. A fourth species, S. membranacea, was added in the addenda. The genus is well marked and the generic concept has not been changed materially, the three original species being still retained in the genus. In the original description of the genus ' Linnaeus distinguished the group by the articulation of the awn with the summit of the lemma, the awn being sometimes bent and sometimes straight. The name Stipa was coined by Linnaeus. He makes no state- ment as to the origin of the word, but it is assumed to come from the Greek, orirn, meaning tow, probably referring to the feathery appearance of the awns of~S. pennata. Ascherson ? writes the word Stupa and Doell * writes it Stypa. The species of Stipa form an appreciable or even important part of the forage in our Western States. Their forage value is greatest during the early part of the season, and decreases rapidly toward maturity as the leaves and stems become woody and fibrous. The species that produce robust sharp-pointed fruits, such as S. comata, S. leucotricha, and S. spartea, may become injurious to stock at matu- rity. One species, S. vaseyi, called sleepy grass, has the reputation of being toxic and is said to produce narcotic effects upon grazing animals, especially horses. - Stipa tenacissima L., of Spain and Algeria, furnishes a part of the esparto or alfa of commerce, used in the manufacture of paper and cordage. The American species of Stipa are commonly known as spéargrasses, to distinguish them from the needlegrasses belonging to the allied genus Aristida. Some of our species, especially those with robust awns are called porcupine-grasses, and one, S. comata, because of the long slender flexuous awns, is known in the West as needle-and-thread grass. The illustrations, by the author, show the mature floret at natural size and the body of the lemma enlarged 5 diameters. 1 Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 34. 1754. 3 Rhein. Fl. 106. 1843. 2 Fl. Brand. 1: 812. 1864. 215 33633—257——_2 “916 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS AND SPECIES. STIPA L. ‘Stipa L. Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. Linneaus describes three species, S. pennata and S. ,juncea, from Europe, and S. avenacea, from Virginia. Stipa pennata, being the commoner of the European species, is selected as the type. The plumose awn -may have suggested the generic name. Trichosathera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4: 149. 1789. A name given in Ehrhart’s Phytophylacium to Stipa capillata L. The name was misspelled Trichosantha by Steudel.! Jarava Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 5. pl. 6. f. b. 1798. Based on Jarava tchu Ruiz & Pav. The data of publication of Jarava is discussed on page 259. Steudel 5 spells the name Jarapha and lists J. arundinacea Willd., J. ichu R. P., and J. usitata Pers. Achnatherum Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 19. pl. 6. f. 7. 1812. The figured species is Stipa calamagrostis (L.) Wahl. Podopogon Raf. Neogen. 4. 1825. The genus is briefly described and two -species mentioned, Stipa avenacea and S. barbata (same as S. avenacea). The :@enus is again described as if new in 1830, and the same two species mentioned. Lasiagrostis Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 99. 1827. Includes one species, L. calama- . grostis, based on Stipa calamagrostis Wahl. Macrochloa Kunth, Rév. Gram, 1: 58. 1829. Includes two species, M. tena- , cissima, based on Stipa tenacissima L., and M. arenaria, based on S. arenaria Brot. The first may be regarded as the type. Aristella Bertol. Fl. Ital. 1: 690. 1833. Includes one species, A. bromoides, which is the same as Stipa aristella L. This was first used as a section of Stipa by Trinius.’ Orthoraphium Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1: 94. Feb. 1841; Nees, Ann. Mag. Nat. ‘Hist. 7: 221. May, 1841. Includes only one species, O. roylei Nees. (Stipa roylei Mez). In this the body of the lemma exceeds the very unequal glumes, the callus is blunt, the lemma not convolute below, the palea visible at the base; ‘the articulation with the awn is very obscure and marked by a few stiff reflexed hairs; the awn is flexuous, with a few loose twists. Ptilagrostis Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 447. 1853. Includes only one -species, P. mongholica, based on Stipa mongholica Turcz. Trinius® divides Stipa into four sections: section 1, Oreostipa, with naked -awns; section 2, Jarava, with plumose awns; section 3, Neostipa, with unequal -glumes, from Australia; section 4, Schizachne, with subulate glumes, from South Africa; section 5, Eustipa, with long awns, from the North Temperate regions. He holds distinct Aristella, Orthoraphium and Lasiagrostis. DESCRIPTION. Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the articulation oblique, leaving a barbed sharp-pointed callus attached to the base of the floret; glumes membranaceous, often papery or hyaline, acute, acuminate, or even aristate, usually long and narrow, equal or slightly unequal; lemma narrow, terete, oblong ‘to linear or fusiform, indurate at maturity, strongly convolute, terminating in a persistent or more or less deciduous, usually twisted and twice geniculate awn, -@ distinct line of demarcation between awn and body of lemma; palea inclosed ‘in the lemma. :4 Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 702. 1841. 6 Bull. Bot. Seringe 1: 221. 1830. 5 Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 797. 1840. 7 Fund. Agrost. 110. 1820. +8 Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 26-82. 1843. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 217 Cespitose perennial grasses, with usually convolute blades and narrow or some- times open panicles. Species about 250 in the temperate regions of the world, especially on plains and steppes. In America the genus extends from Canada south through the Mexican pla- teau, but is nearly absent from Central America. It reappears in the Andes of Colombia, and is represented by numerous species in the southern part of South America. In the type species, S. pennata, the terminal segment of the elongate twice- geniculate awn is beautifully plumose. To the group including this species belongs our S. neomezicana. Stipa speciosa, with a once-geniculate awn strongly plumose below the bend, has several allies in southern South America. In Australia® there is a group in which the apex of the lemma is 2-lobed with the awn from between the lobes. One of our species, S. stillmanii, possesses a strongly lobed lemma, but does not seem to be allied closely to the Australian group. In a few other species (for example, S. scribneri and S. pinetorum) the lemma may develop minute lobes. In S. porteri the lobes are rather broad, firm, and acutish, but not long-acuminate as in the others. The awn in most of the species is persistent, but in a few species is readily or tardily deciduous, thus approaching Oryzopsis, which has a shorter and more turgid lemma and scarcely twisted deciduous awn. Stipa, Oryzopsis, Nassella, and Piptochaetium form a well-marked group, which together with Aristida, Ortachne and Streptachne compose the subtribe Stipeae of the tribe Agrostideae. Aristida is distinguished by its trifid, usually unarticu- lated awn (the lateral awns obsolete in a few species). Oryzopsis, Nassella, and Piptochaetium have broad lemmas and deciduous awns; Stipa, Ortachne, and Streptachne have persistent awns and narrow lemmas. Stipa is distinguished from the other two by the more indurate lemma, the awn usually tightly twisted below, and usually by a needle-like callus. Our species are all perennials, but in the Old World there are a few annual species, such as S. tortilis Desf., S. compressa R. Br., and S. lachnoclea Hughes, and in South America there is one annual, S. annua Mez. The awns are usually hygroscopic, twisting and untwisting with varying amounts of moisture. In S. spartea the robust awns, straight until maturity as is usual in all the species, become strongly twisted and twice bent when dry, but straighten and untwist when moistened. The alternate twisting and untwisting, together with the strongly barbed callus, undoubtedly aid in burying the fruits. Cleistogenes have been found in the base of the lower sheaths in S. leucotricha, S. brachychaeta, S. mucronata, and S. neesiana, and in other South American species. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Terminal segment of awn conspicuously plumose, flexuous, 7 to 12 cm. long. 1. S. neomexicana. Terminal segment of awn not plumose. First segment of the once-geniculate awn strongly plumose, the ascending hairs 5 to 8 mm. long___________-__----------------- 2. S. speciosa. First segment of awn sometimes plumose but the hairs not over 2 mm. long. Mature lemma not over 3 mm. long. Summit of lemma bearing ascending or spreading hairs 3 to 4 mm. long. 40. 8S. ichu. Summit of lemma slightly hispidulous, but lacking long hairs. 39. 8S. tenuissima. ®* Hughes, D. K. A revision of the ‘Australian species of Stipa. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1921:1-30. 1921. 918 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Mature lemma more than 3 mm. long, mostly more than 5 mm. Lemma densely appressed-villous with white hairs 3 to 4 mm. long, rising above the summit in a pappus-like corona_-_-_-_------ 6. 8. coronata. Lemma often. villous but the hairs not over 1 mm. long, or sometimes those at the summit as much as 2 mm. long. Summit of mature lemma smooth, cylindric, whitish, forming a ciliate crown 0.5 to 1 mm. long. (Compare S. mexicana with crown 0.2 mm. long.) Lemma 5 to 6 mm. long; callus about 2 mm. long; awn 3 to 5 cm. long.....-----.-.-.----------------__---- 3. 8. mucronata. Lemma 1 cm. long; callus 4 mm. long; awn 6 to 10 cm. long. 4. 8. leucotricha. Summit of mature lemma not forming a crown. Lemma 2-lobed at summit, the lobes extending into awns 2 to 3 mm. long on each side of the central awn. California. 5. 8. stillmanii. Lemma not lobed at summit or only slightly so. Awn plumose below, the hairs ascending or spreading, sometimes plumose throughout. (Compare S. pulchra with more or less appressed-hispid but not plumose awn, and S. mexicana with awn slightly plumose just above the lemma.) Awn plumose throughout, once-geniculate. Lemmas with two short broad lobes__._______---__-_-.- __.19. 8. porteri. Awn plumose only below the second bend. Lemma glabrous above the callus, brown, terete. Mexico. 14. 8. leiantha. Lemma pubescent all over. Western States. Sheaths pubescent__.___.___..___._______- 21. S. elmeri. Sheaths glabrous. Ligule 3 to 6 mm. long.__________- 20. 8. thurberiana. Ligule very short. Hairs on upper part of the lemma much longer than those below________. ---_----- 26. S. californica. Hairs short all over the lemma___22. S. occidentalis. Awn scabrous or nearly glabrous, rarely appressed-hispid, but not plumose. Lemma more than 7 mm. (often 1 to 2 cm.) long, glabrous or sparsely pubescent above the callus, mostly cylindric (some- what fusiform in S. pulchra). Mature lemma pale, sparsely pubescent to summit, mostly over 1 cm. long..____..-- Lee ene nn nee 12. S. comata. Mature lemma dark. Lemma 8 to 10 mm. long. Glumes 3-nerved. Summit of lemma hispidulous-ciliate, the hairs erect, nearly 1 mm. long; lemma somewhat fusiform, pubescent in lines above the callus. 13. 8. pulchra. Glumes 5 to 9-nerved. Lemma glabrous above the base, minutely roughened at apex; callus sharp and slender-tipped. 10. 8. avenacea. Lemma sparsely pubescent to apex;.callus rather blunt-..-. 2222-2... 15. 8. pringlei. HITCHCOCK—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF S‘TIPA. 919 Lemma 12 to 2.5 mm. long, cylindric. Mature lemma glabrous above the callus. Florida. 8. S. avenacioides. Mature lemma more or less pubescent above the callus. Panicle open, the branches flexuous, glabrous below the spikelet. Mexico______________- 11. S. saxicola. Panicle narrow, the branches appressed, straight, scabrous-pubeseent below the spikelet_9. 8. spartea. Lemma less than 7 mm. long, or if as long as 7 to 8 mm. then distinctly pubescent on the upper part. Culms several-noded (nodes more than 3). Ligule less than 1 mm. Jong; neck of lemma short, obscure. 23. S. multinodis. Ligule 3 to 5 mm. long; neck of lemma distinct, 1 mm. long. 24. 8. constricta. Culms 1 to 3-noded. Panicle more or less open, the branches spreading or ascending, naked at base. Panicle diffuse, the branches divergent, drooping; lemma about 5 mm. long; awn about 2 cm. long. Northwestern States________ 7. S. richardsoni. Panicle somewhat open but not diffuse. South- western States and Mexico. Ligule 3 to 4 mm. long. Awn about 5 em. long, the terminal segment flexuous. 16. S. eminens. Ligule 1 mm. long or less. Hairs at summit of lemma about 1 mm. long. Awn 1 to 1.5 cm. long__17. 8. clandestina. Hairs at summit of lemma very short. Awn 2.5 to 3.5 em. long____________- 18. 8. lepida. Panicle narrow, the branches appressed. Hairs on lemma copious, at least at summit, 2 mm. long. Lemma about 8 mm. long, villous at summit, pubescent below_.________- 25. 8. scribneri. Lemma about 5 mm. long, villous all over but more so above___________ 36. S. pinetorum. Hairs not copious, not over 1 mm. long at summit. Summit of lemma forming a slightly enlarged firm smooth ring or narrow crown. 29. S. mexicana. Summit without crown; lemma villous throughout. Mature lemma villous with brown hairs. Lemma 4 mm. long; culms rarely over 30 cm. tall... 27. 8. angustifolia. Lemma 5 to 6 mm. long; culms mostly over 75 cm. tall____________ 28. S. virescens. Mature lemma villous with white hairs, usually fusiform; panicles usually many-flowered. Glumes broad, abruptly acuminate, rather firm, the first 5-nerved. Pacific coast. 30. S. lemmoni. Glumes narrow, gradually acuminate, usually hyaline, the first usually 3-nerved. 220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ligule 3 to 6 mm. long. Awn very slender, flexuous, obscurely geniculate, 3 to 4 cm. long. Mexico_.38. 8. editorum. Ligule very short. Awn 4 to 6 cm. long, obscurely geniculate, the untwisted terminal segment flex- uous. » Arizona, Utah__37. 8. arida. Awn mostly less than 5 cm. long, if as much as 4 cm. long, then twice-geniculate and the terminal segment straight or nearly so. Western States. Sheaths, at least the lowermost, pubes- cent__.__.._---- 31. 8. williamsii. Sheaths glabrous. Sheaths villous at the throat; callus broad and short; lower nodes of panicle villous. Glumes thin and papery; plants rather slender, mostly less than 1 meter tall; panicle rather slender and open. 32. 8S. viridula. Glumes firm, the nerves incon- spicuous; plants robust, most- ly more than 1 meter tall; pani- cle larger and more compact. Southwestern States. 33. S. vaseyi. Sheaths not villous at the throat or only slightly so; callus compara- tively narrow; nodes of panicle glabrous or nearly so. Awn mostly more than 2 cm. long; hairs at summit of lemma about as long as the others. 34. 8. columbiana. Awn mostly less than 2 cm. long; hairs at summit of lemma longer than those on the body, 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 35. 8. lettermani. 1. Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. Stipa pennata var. neo-mezxicana Thurb. in Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 408. 1885. ‘‘Extending into S. W. Colorado from New Mexico and Texas.” I have not been able to locate the type of this. In the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden there is a sheet from the Torrey Herbarium labeled ‘“Ex Coll. Geo. Thurber. Rio Mimbres, New Mexico, April, 1851. No. 269.” On the sheet is written, possibly in Dr. Gray’s hand, ‘‘S. pennata var. Neo Mexicana Thurber.’”?’ This specimen may be the type. Stipa neo-mexicana Scribn. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 182. f. 428. 1899. Based on Stipa pennata neo-mexicana Thurb. HITCHCOCK—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA, 921°. DESCRIPTION. Culms densely cespitose, erect, glabrous, about 2-noded, mostly 40 to 80 cm. tall, sometimes taller; sheaths glabrous or the lower minutely pubescent, the: prophyllum puberulent; ligule very short, ciliate; blades slender, firm, convolute, glabrous beneath, scaberulous on the upper surface, the basal 10 to 30 cm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide when unrolled; the panicle narrow, emerging from the upper- most inflated sheath, the axis mostly 3 to 8 cm. long, glabrous, bearing a few ascending branches, the lowermost 1 to 3 cm. long, mostly with 2 spikelets, the upper shorter, sometimes only 2 mm. long, mostly with a single spikelet, the~ pedicels more or less pubescent; spikelets pale, more or less shining; glumes papery, mostly 5-nerved (sometimes with 1 or 2 extra nerves), narrowed into a : long, slender, scarcely awned point about as long as the body, the total length 3 to 5 cm., the first a little longer; fertile lemma about 15 mm. long, including the sharp, densely pilose callus (4 to 5 mm. long), about 1.5 mm. wide, at maturity brown, 5-nerved, sparsely villous, minutely tuberculate at the short, slightly: constricted neck; awn readily deciduous, 12 to 18 cm. long, the lower 14 to ¥g straight, strongly twisted, appressed-villous, the middle segment 1 to 2 cm. long, flexuous or more or less twice-geniculate and slightly twisted, the terminal . segment untwisted, flexuous, plumose, the hairs pale or tawny, about 3 mm. long. . (Pl. 50, figs. 1, 2. Chase 5982.) This species is allied to Stipa pennata L., of the steppes of Europe and Asia. - The latter has a once-geniculate awn, the terminal segment of which is 30 cm... long and more strongly plumose than in the American species. DISTRIBUTION. Mesas, canyons, and rocky slopes, western Texas and Colorado to Utah and — Arizona. Texas: Guadalupe Mountains, Chase 5945, 5982. Upper Concho River, Rever- chon 163, 1365. El Paso, Vasey in 1881. Cotorapo: La Porte, Pammel in 1896. Colorado Springs, Jones 1547. Paradox, . Walker 79a. Rum Canyon, Eastwood 16 in 1892. Urau: Marysvale, Jones 5377, 5397. New Mexico: Guadalupe Mountains, Hitchcock 13578. Las Vegas Hot Springs, Grant 5761. Roswell, Griffiths 4272. Alamagordo, Hitchcock 2541. Santa Fe, Heller 3666. Arizona: Santa Rita Mountains, Pringle in 1884. Clarks Valley, Rusby 9078. - Adamana, Chase 5855; Hitchcock 10427. Jacks Canyon, Coville 1005... Ash Fork, Williams 3051; Griffiths 4755. Canyon Padre, Hitchcock 13230. Tucson, Toumey 732, 733. Fort Apache, Palmer 576. Hackberry, Jones 4762. 2. Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5; 45. 1842. “Chile (Cuming!).”’ The type has been examined in the Trinius Herbarium. Stipa frigida Phil. Fl. Atacam. 54. 1860. “In monte Alto de Puquios” at: 12,500 feet altitude, but in January mostly out of flower. It is described as having florets only half as large as those of S. speciosa. The type has not been examined and the species is referred provisionally to S. speciosa. Stipa vaginata Phil. Linnaea 33: 281. 1864-65. ‘Prope ‘S. Felipe de Acon- - caqua’ crescit, unde attulit orn. Landbeck.”” The type has been examined. The awns are shorter than usual, each segment being about 12 mm. long. Buchtien’s no. 1184 and Asplund’s no. 6552 from alpine regions of Bolivia are the same. Stipa californica Vasey, Proc. Calif. Acad. 24: 80. 1889. Nomen nudum, based on Palmer 505 in 1887 from Los Angeles Bay, Lower California. Stipa speciosa var. minor Vasey, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 52. 1892. No specimen is cited and no sheet in the National Herbarium has this name written upon it by Dr. Vasey. On a sheet of S. speciosa collected by Jones at Empire 222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. City, Nevada, in 1882, Dr. Vasey has written the name, ‘‘var. humilis Vasey, dwarf, or S. chrysophylla.’’ This is probably the type, the name in publication being changed to minor. Stipa humilis jonesiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3?: 371. 1898. The only specimen mentioned is Jones 4111 from Empire City, Nevada, a sheet of which is in the National Herbarium. Stipa hieronymusii Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 56: Beibl. 123: 24. 1920. ‘“Argen- tinien: Cordillera de la Rioja, Cuesta del Pefion, siidl. der Laguna brava (Hieronymus et Niederlein n. 314).’’ The type has been examined in the Berlin Herbarium. DESCRIPTION. - Culms densely cespitose, rather stout, glabrous, erect, mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall, 3-noded in the larger plants; sheaths firm, striate, the upper glabrous, the lowermost pubescent, shining chestnut-brown, the uppermost often inflated at the base of the panicle; ligule very short, densely ciliate, a dense tuft of hairs about 0.5 mm. long on each side at the throat of the sheath, the uppermost longer, as much as 1 mm., and less pubescent; blades slender, coriaceous, closely involute, glabrous or scaberulous on the under or outer surface, densely scaberu- lous-pubescent on the upper surface, 0.5 to 1 mm. thick when rolled, 20 to 40 cm, long, the apex subulate and very sharp, the uppermost blade reduced; panicle narrow, compact, mostly 10 to 15 cm. long and 1 to 2 cm. wide, pale or tawny; the branches short and appressed, these and the axis scaberulous, spikelet- bearing to base or nearly so; glumes about equal, glabrous, pale, papery, about 15 mm. long, gradually narrowed to a fine soft point, the first 3-nerved, the second 5-nerved; lemma cylindric, coriaceous, 8 to 9 mm. long including the callus (1.5 mm. long), this densely appressed-pubescent except at the curved tip (base) ; the body densely soft-pubescent, slightly narrowed and sometimes glabrate up- ward; awn with one bend, the first segment about 2 cm. long, tightly twisted, strongly plumose on the lower two-thirds with ascending hairs about 8 mm. long, the terminal segment bent 60 to 80° from the vertical, untwisted, scabrous, 15 to 25 mm. long. (PI. 50, figs. 3, 4. Chase 5747.) DISTRIBUTION. Deserts, canyons, and rocky hills, Colorado to southern California; also in Chile, the type locality, and Argentina. Cotorapo: Mesa Verde National Park, Bethel in 1918. McElmo Canyon, Eastwood in 1892. Urau: La Sal Mountains, Rydberg & Garrett 8585. Fish Creek Garrett 2598a. St. George, Jones 5110. Santa Clara, Jones 5115. La Verken, Jones 5183 Nevapa: Lovelock, Griffiths & Hunter 544. Reno, Jones in 1897. Candelaria’ Shockley 104. Palisade, Jones 4110. Goldfield, Tidestrom 9734. Empire City, Jones 4111. Arizona: Yucca, Jones 3919. Grand Canyon, Chase 5810, 5823; Grant 5558; MacDougal 223; Hitchcock 10451. Peach Springs, Tracy 135. Carrizo Mountains, Standley 7515. Without locality, Lemmon in 1882. CatirorNiA: Mohave Desert, Pringle in 1882; Parish Brothers 879. Lone Pine, Jones in 1897. Erskine Creek, Purpus 5077. Mountain Spring, Schoen- feldt 3075; Vasey 659; Mearns 3127. Mono Lake, Bolander 6117. Edge of Colorado Desert, Mearns 2963. Jacumba Hot Springs, Schoenfeldt 3231. Acton, Elmer 3709. Glenavon, Wilder 1092. Big Pine, Heller 8260. Bar- stow, Chase 5773. Randsberg, Chase 5758. Newberry, Chase 5786. San Bernardino, Chase 5534. Mentone, Letberg 3298. Bishop Creek, Hall & Chandler 7261. Stanislaus, Elmer 4349. Campo, Abrams 3607. Kramer Chase 5747. Santa Rosa Mountains, Hall 2129; Jepson 1455. San Luis Obispo, Lemmon 5470. Bonanza King Mine, Munz 4134. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 223 Lower Cauirornia: Los Angeles Bay, Palmer 505 in 1887. Japa, Orcutt 1140. CHILE: Quebrada Ramén, Claude Joseph 1781, 1788. Santiago, Claude Joseph 807. Atacama Desert, Reiche in 1901. Aconcagua, Philippi. San Ramén, Claude Joseph 2345. Maipo, Claude Joseph 2966. ARGENTINA: General Roca, Fischer 46. Colonia San Martin, Gerling 70. Mazaredo, Dusén 5274. Cipolletti, Parodi 956. Choele-Choel, Parodi 2551. Cacheuta, Spegazzini 2390, 2392. Bouivia: Pasiia, Buchtien 1184. Uyuni, Asplund 6552. 3. Stipa mucronata H. B. K. Stipa mucronata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1:125. 1816. ‘‘Crescit in montanis regni Mexicani, prope Actopan et vicum Magdalenae, altit. 1040 hexap.” The type, inthe Paris Herbarium, is labeled ‘‘ Actopan regni Mexicani. Alt. 1040 hex.”’ A photograph of the type and a fragment of the inflorescence from the type are in the U. S. National Herbarium. The type itself is only the upper part of a culm with a small panicle. The fruit is like that of the type of S. setigera, but the awns are wanting. The description states that the ligule is “elongata, ovata, membranacea, glabra.’”’ This elongate ligule is not true of the specimens here included nor of any other Mexican species with smooth cylindric summit. In the “‘H. B. K.” herbarium at Paris is another specimen labeled Stipa mucronata, but without other data, which belongs to S. mexicana, having a fruit only 4 mm. long. The Actopan specimen is selected as the type, since it corresponds better to the original description. Stipa setigera Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 226. 1830. ‘‘Hab...’’ The type, in the National Museum at Prague, bears no data except the name, and the source of the specimen is unknown. * The sheet has two specimens upon it, both fragmen- tary, consisting of a panicle and the upper part of the culm. Only one corre- sponds to the description. Hackel has examined the same sheet and left a note attached to the type which says, ‘“‘nur dieses Exempel stimmt mit Presl’s Besch- reibung, das andere durchaus nicht.”’ In the type the fruit shows the charac- teristic smooth cylindric hispidulous crown. Stipa trochlearis Nees & Mey. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 19: Suppl. 1. 151. 1843. ‘‘Ad Arequipam urbem Peruviae in campis siccis pedum 12,000 altitud., et ad lacum Titicacam.’’ In the Berlin Herbarium is a specimen, probably the type, labeled in Nees’ hand, ‘‘Ad Arequipu Peruviae. Alt. 12,000, ad Laguna nom de Titicaca. Apr. 1831. Meyen.” In the Trinius Herbarium is a specimen from the Meyen Herbarium in 1836, probably a part of one of the preceding specimens, labeled ‘‘ Peru, Laguna de Titicaca.’”’ The species was described by Trinius and Ruprecht ' in 1842 and credited to ‘‘Nees et Meyen! Meyen It. 1. (1834) p. 484. N. ab Esenb. Act. Leopold. 19. p. 151.” The first citation is a nomen nudum. The second is supposed to have been published in 1843 but is cited by Trinius and Ruprecht (loc. cit.) in 1842, possibly from proof sheets; or the Leopold work may have actually appeared earlier than 1843. Trinius and Ruprecht say concerning the specimens, ‘‘Ad Arequipa, urbem Peruviae, in campis siccis altit. 12,000 ped. et ad lacum Titicaca. Aprili. (Meyen!) Mexico (Berlandier! n. 604).” Stipa amethystina Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 124. 1854. ‘‘Hrbr. Lechler nr. 279. Arique, Chile.” The type has been examined. Stipa pratensis Phil. Linnaea 33: 284. 1864. ‘‘In Provincia Valdivia, S. Juan, Corral, etc., crescit.’”’ The type has been examined. Stipa chapulcensis Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 74. 1886, ‘‘Chapulco (Liebm. n. 652).” The type specimen in the Copenhagen Herbarium has been examined. 10 Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 30. 1842. 224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect or geniculate at the lower nodes, somewhat bulbous at base, glabrous, the nodes pubescent, 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, pilose at the throat and on the margin; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, becoming involute, those of the innovations involute, rather sparsely short-pilose on both surfaces, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, nodding, mostly purple, rather dense, 10 to 30 cm. long, the branches ascending or appressed, mostly 1 or 2 at the distant nodes, naked for 1 to 3 cm. at base, branching and bearing several or many appressed spikelets above, often a secondary panicle at the uppermost sheath; glumes about equal, rather broad, usually purple except the hyaline tip, acuminate, 8 to 10 mm. long, the first 3-nerved, scabrous on the keel, the second 5-nerved; lemma 5 to 6 mm. long, turgid, about 1 mm. wide, the callus about 2 mm. long, densely barbed with tawny hairs, the body oblong, dark brown, villous on the lower half, glabrate and strongly but minutely papil- late-roughened on the upper half, abruptly contracted at summit into a smooth cylindric whitish neck or crown about 0.5 mm. long, the crown ciliate with erect stiff hairs about as long as the neck; awn slender, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, twice-genicu- late, the bends sometimes obscure, twisted and appressed-hispidulous to the second bend, the first segment about 1 cm. long, the second a little shorter, the third straight or nearly so. (Pl. 50, figs. 5,6. Type.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry hills and mesas, Mexico to Argentina. Nuevo Lreén: Monterrey, Hitchcock 5545. ZACATECAS: Zacatecas, Hitchcock 7503, 7522; Purpus in 1904. Guanajuato: Jaral, Schumann 1726. HipauGo: Pachuca, Hitchcock 6744, 6762, 6763. Mexico: Toluca, Hitchcock 6892. FEDERAL District: Pringle 1172, 6583; Hitchcock 5931; Bourgeau 672. PurBua: Esperanza, Hitchcock 6463; Ars¢ne 2177. Puebla, Arséne 220, 1183. TuaxcaLa: Arséne 30. Cotomsia: Bogoté, Apollinaire & Arthur 17. VENEZUELA: Mucurubd, Jahn 774. Ecuapor: In Andes, Spruce 5406. Riobamba, Mille 57. Quito, Harteman 58; Rose 24029; Mille 257. La Magdalena, Harteman 22. Malchinguf to Pomasqui, Hitchcock 20901. Huigra, Hitchcock 20610, 20743, 20757, 20771. Tulcén, Hitchcock 20975, 20994, 21037, 21092. Bafios, Hitchcock 21900, 21920. Alaus{f, Hitchcock 20721. Peru: Urubamba Valley, Holway 763. Chinche, Macbride & Featherstone 1283. Matucana, Macbride & Featherstone 378. Cuzco, Hitchcock 22483, 22505. Oroya, Hitchcock 22181. Goyllarisquisca, Hitchcock 22299, 22307. Atoc- saico, Junin, Hitchcock 22211. Ollantaytambo, Hitchcock 22556. Bouivia: La Paz, Holway 423; Asplund 6560; Buchtien 866, 3962. Sorata, Holway 511. Cochabamba, Hitchcock 22799. Palca, Hitchcock 22577, 22580. ARGENTINA: North Patagonia, San Carlos Bariloche, Buchtien 165. Cholila, Chubut, Illin 135. Rfo Corcovado, Illin 268. CuILE: Valdivia, Philippi; Buchtien in 1903. Valparaiso, Buchtien in 1895. Southern Chile, Hiliot 216. Recinto, Holway 287. Budi, Claude Joseph 2037. Panquipulli, Claude Joseph 2445. San Rosendo, Claude Joseph 2344. San Antonio, Claude Joseph 2343. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 225 4, Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Stipa leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5': 54. 1842. ‘Texas. (Hooker!).’’ The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is labeled ‘Texas. I. 5.,”” the handwriting and label similar to those on specimens sent by Hooker. The blades are involute, glabrous beneath, the glumes about 1.5 cm. long. Stipa ciliata Scheele, Linnaea 22: 342. 1849. ‘‘Prope Neubraunfels leg. Romer.”’ The type has not been examined, but the description identifies the species. DESCRIPTION. Culms in rather small tufts, glabrous, the nodes pubescent, erect or somewhat geniculate at base, rather slender, 30 to 60 cm. tall, sometimes as much as 1 meter tall; sheaths glabrous or the lower hispidulous, more or less villous at the throat; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, often becoming involute, hispidulous beneath, scabrous and sometimes hispidulous on the upper surface, 15 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle narrow, often inclosed at base in the uppermost somewhat inflated sheath, mostly not over 10 cm. long, the branches slender, distant, scabrous, mostly in pairs, ascending, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; glumes pale or purple, rather narrow, nearly equal, tapering to a slender soft awnlike point, mostly 12 to 18 mm. long, the first 3-nerved, the second 5-nerved, with additional intermediate nerves sometimes present; lemma about 1 cm. long, the slender callus very sharp, densely barbed with pale yellow hairs, about 4 mm. long, the body oblong, brown or brownish, appressed-pubescent on the lower part, densely papillate-roughened at least toward the summit, abruptly narrowed into a cylindric smooth neck about 1 mm. long, the crown a little wider, ciliate with short stiff erect hairs; awn 6 to 10 cm. long, rather stout, twice-geniculate, the first segment hispidulous, twisted, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, the second 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the third straight, slender. (PI. 50, figs. 7,8. Hitchcock 5138.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry open grassland, Texas to central Mexico. Texas: Dallas, Reverchon 1056, in Curtiss N. Amer. Pl. 3419,* Bebb 1346. Big Spring, Tracy 8109; Hitchcock 13382. Grand Saline, Reverchon 4127. Waller, Hitchcock 122714. Kerrville, Hitchcock 5259. Fort Worth, Ruth 167. Bexar County, Jermy 208. San Antonio, Hitchcock 5138; Ball 912. Robstown, Hitchcock 5392. New Braunfels, Hitchcock 5194. Corpus Christi, Hitchcock 5369; Heller 1558. Fort Clark, Mearns 1470 (awn about 3cm. long). Austin, Hall 766. Without locality, Lindheimer 561. Oxuauoma: Fort Towson, Houghton 3961. CoanuliLa: Diaz, Pringle 8292. Zacatecas: Zacatecas, Hitchcock 7495. San Luis Porosi: Cardenas, Hitchcock 5714. Freperau District: Hitchcock 5918; Rose & Painter 8636. 5. Stipa stillmanii Boland. Stipa stillmanii Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 4: 169. 1872. ‘‘Blue Canon, Sierra Nevada, July, 1870.” Bolander says, “Dr. J. D. B. Stillman was a pioneer botanist of California, who * * * performed a journey through the northern part of the State for the purpose of making a collection of Cali- fornia plants, which he forwarded to Doctor Torrey.” There are 5 sheets of the type collection in the National Herbarium, one of them, from the California Academy of Sciences, bearing the published data, ‘‘Blue Canon, Sierra Nevada Mts., July, 1870.” 226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION, Culms rather stout at base, erect, glabrous, 4 or 5-noded, 70 to 100 em. tall;: sheaths glabrous, puberulent on the collar; ligule a very short ciliate ridge;: blades firm, flat, glabrous beneath, scabrous on the upper surface, 15 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, the uppermost short and involute; panicle pale, narrow, compact, spikelike, interrupted below, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches short and appressed, villous at base, the axis and branches scaberulous or scabrous; glumes: equal, 15 to 18 mm. long, rather thin, narrowed into a scabrous awn 2 to 3 mm.. long, scaberulous, the first 1-nerved, the second obscurely 3 to 5-nerved; lemma pale, about 8 mm. long, the callus rather blunt, 1 mm. long, densely barbed with tawny hairs, the body gradually narrowed from above the base, appressed-- villous all over, 2-lobed, the lobes awn-tipped, 2 to 3 mm. long; awn 2.5 to 3 em. long, somewhat bent at the middle and with another obscure bend below, scabrous twisted below the bend. (PI. 50, figs. 9,10. Bolander.) r DISTRIBUTION. Known only from the type collection. CauiForniA: Blue Canyon, Sierra Nevada, Bolander in 1870. 6. Stipa coronata Thurb. Stipa coronata Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 287. 1880. “Hills near- Julian City, San Diego County (Bolander); near San Bernardino, Parry & Lemmon n. 422 (1876).” In the U. S. National Herbarium is a specimen, ‘‘ Distributed by George Thurber,” which was collected “in a canyon around springs on hill- sides near Julian City, San Diego Co., Apr. 1872.” This is probably a duplicate- type. DESCRIPTION, Culms stout, erect, glabrous, usually 1 to 2 meters tall, as much as 6 mm. thick at base, 3 or 4-noded; sheaths glabrous, pubescent at the throat and along the margins above; ligule a very short membrane less than 1 mm. long, ciliate with hairs of variable length, sometimes as long as the ligule; blades flat, more- or less involute toward the long slender tip, firm, glabrous beneath, scaberulous on the upper surface, scabrous on the margin, 30 to 60 cm. long, as much as. 1 cm. wide; panicle pale or purplish, narrow, densely flowered, somewhat nodding, the branches appressed, several from each node, the longer ones naked below,,. as much as 15 cm. long, bearing several branchlets, the axis and branches glabrous,. the branchlets and pedicels usually scabrous; glumes unequal, the first longer,. 15 to 20 mm. long, narrowed to a fine point, both 5-nerved, glabrous or minutely scaberulous; lemma about 9 mm. long, pale, densely appressed-villous with white. hairs 3 to 4 mm. long, the callus 1.5 mm. long, densely barbed; awn 3.5 to 5 cm. long, scabrous, twice-geniculate, twisted to the second bend, the first segment about 1 cm. long, the second a little shorter, hispidulous, the third straight, scabrous. (Pl. 50, figs. 11, 12. Orcutt 1068.) DISTRIBUTION. Gravelly plains and rocky slopes, California. Cauirornia: Bernardo, Abrams 3360. Colton, Pringle in 1882. San Diego, Orcutt, 1068. Tassajara Hot Springs, Elmer 3302. Roscoe, Hastwood 230. San Bernardino Mountains, Parish Brothers 872. San Bernardino, Chase 5532, 5537; Parish 1656, 3665; Jepson 5528. Mount’ Wilson, Chase 5580. Echo Mountain, Chase 5558. Riverside, Griffiths 7850. San Gabriel Forest Reserve, Leiberg 3336. Santa Monica Mountains, Abrams 1305. San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2078. Julian, Hitchcock 13156. Claremont, Baker 5282. Corn Peak, Davy 7716. Pico Blanco, Davy 7345. Ojai Valley, Hubby 27. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA, 227. 6a. Stipa coronata parishii (Vasey) Hitchce. Stipa parishit Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 33. 1882. ‘Collected in the San Bernardino 'Mts., by Mr. S. B. Parish, for whom it is named.” The type, in the U. 8. National Herbarium, is Parish Brothers 1079. Stipa parishit var. depauperata Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 11. 1912. ‘‘De- troit, Utah, May 25, 1891.”” The type isin Mr. Jones’s herbarium. A fragment in the U. S. National Herbarium shows the panicle to be much reduced. The -glumes are about 1 cm. long, and the once-geniculate awns about 12 to 15 mm. jong. DESCRIFTION. The normal form of the subspecies differs in being only 30 to 50 cm. tall, with ‘a rather few-flowered panicle 10 to 15 cm. long, blades 10 to 20 cm. long, and ‘often smaller spikelets, the lemma being 6 to 7 mm. long, and the awn about ‘2.5 em. long, once-geniculate, the first segment twisted and scabrous-pubescent, cabout 1 cm. long, the second segment bent about horizontally, straight, scabrous. This description applies to the type of the subspecies and a few specimens ‘from San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mountains. Several other specimens are intermediate. Schoenfeldt’s no. 3220 from Jacumba Hot Springs is a fairly ‘robust plant with a dense panicle 20 cm. long, having the aspect of the species ‘but with a short once-geniculate awn. Mearns’s no. 3312 from the same locality and Schoenfeldt’s no. 3441 from Lower California have a less dense panicle with twice geniculate awns 3 to 4.em. long. Hitchcock’s no. 13062 from Grand Can- yon resembles in appearance the last-mentioned specimen, being about 1 meter ‘tall, but the awns are about 2.5 cm. long and obscurely twice-geniculate, neither ‘pend being pronounced. In all these specimens the lemma is shorter than in the ‘species. Because of the slight differences and the intermediate specimens it sseems better to place S. parishii under S. coronata as a subspecies. (Pl. 50, fig. 13. Parish Brothers 1079.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry or rocky slopes, southern California. Ura: Detroit, Jones in 1891. Nevapa: Charleston Mountains, Heller 11052. Candelaria, Shockley 283. Arizona: Grand Canyon, Hitchcock 13062. ‘CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Mountains, Parish Brothers 1079; Parish 3287, 10230; Wilder 1127; Hall 7580. Tanquitz, San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2309. San Antonio Mountains, Johnston 1515. Jacumba, Abrams 3637. Jacumba Hot Springs, Schoenfeldt 3220; Mearns 3312. Los Angeles, David- son. Baldy Mountain, Abrams & McGregor 623. ‘Southeastern California, Purpus 5452. Funeral Mountains, Coville & Funston 328. Mill Creek Falls, Parish 2487. Without locality, Lemmon 5431. Bonanza King Mine, Munz 4133, 4249. Gower Carirornia: Nachoguero Valley, Schoenfeldt 3441. Sierra Cantillas, Orcutt 1151. 5 7. Stipa richardsoni Link. Stipa richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 245. 1833. ‘Hab. in America boreali -occidentali. Dr. Richardson semina misit.”” The type has been examined at the Berlin Herbarium. The third segment of the awn is about 1.5 cm. long. Stipa richardsoni var. major Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 191.1888. No descrip- tion is given. ‘This form exactly matches Scribner’s No. 341 from Montana.” 228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, 50 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, sometimes a little villous at the throat, the lower sometimes puberulent; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades involute, scabrous, mostly less than 2 mm. wide when flat, 10 to 15 cm. long, sometimes longer; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches slender, mostly in pairs, distant, spreading or drooping, naked below, 8 to 15 cm. long, scabrous, bearing near the end a few spikelets on short branches; glumes 8 to 9 mm. long, about equal or the first a little longer, rather firm and broad, scaberu- lous, acute but not long-acuminate, often purplish, 3-nerved but the nerves rather obscure; lemma about 5 mm. long, the callus about 1 mm. long, densely barbed with white hairs, the body fusiform, brown, villous, sparingly villous or glabrate toward the minutely papillate, narrowed summit; awn 2.5 to 3 cm. long, twice- geniculate but the first bend often obscure, appressed-hispidulous and twisted to the second bend, the first and second segments together 7 to 9 mm. long, the third segment straight, scabrous. (Pl. 50, figs. 14, 15. Hitchcock 11468.) DISTRIBUTION. Bottom lands and wooded slopes, Saskatchewan to Colorado and British Columbia. SASKATCHEWAN: Without locality, Macoun 103. ALBERTA: Jasper, Macoun 98207. Banff, Hitchcock 5035, 11468. Waterton Lake, Macoun 13346. Old Bow Fort, Macoun 131. Silver City, Macoun in 1885. British Cotumsia: Shusmap Lake, Macoun 15. Sourn Dakota: Custer, Griffiths 703; Rydberg 1113. Montana: Columbia Falls, Hitchcock 4940; Williams 601. North Fork Smith River, Scribner 341. Anaconda, Jones in 1905. Jack Creek Canyon, Ryd- berg & Bessey 3549. Garrison, Rydberg 2125. Silver Bow, Rydberg 2109. Castle, Rydberg 3233; Shear 357. Monarch, Spragg 691. Medicine Springs, Chase 5229. Lolo Hot Springs, Chase 5135. Wyomine: Big Horn Mountains, Williams 2732. South Fork Clear Creek, Williams & Griffiths 97a. Sour Dough Creek, Williams & Griffiths 97. Crazy Woman Creek, Williams & Griffiths 23. Teton Forest Reserve, Tweedy 68; Merrill & Wilcox 372, 395. Welcome, Williams 2676144. Inyan Kara Mountain, Griffiths 649, 666. Yellowstone National Park, Tweedy 611; Hitchcock 1963; Nelson 5900, 5940; Knowlton in 1888. Cotorapo: North Park, Crandall in 1890. Laramie County, Osterhout in 1897. 8. Stipa avenacioides Nash. Stipa avenacioides Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 423. 1895. ‘Collected by writer in 1895 in the pine lands near Cassia, Lake Co., Florida, no. 2051.’’ The type collection is widely distributed. Cassia is in the vicinity of Eustis. DESCRIPTION. Culms in small tufts, erect, glabrous or minutely scaberulous, 2 or 3-noded, about 1 meter tall; sheaths glabrous or minutely scaberulous; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long, decurrent; blades slender, involute, glabrous beneath, less than 1 mm. thick when rolled, 15 to 30 cm. long, the uppermost reduced; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches mostly in two’s, slender, spreading, few-flowered, naked below, the pairs distant; glumes equal, about 2 cm. long, broad, often purple, tapering into a point, papery, faintly several-nerved, glabrous; lemma brown, linear, 1.5 to 2 em. long including the callus, this about 7 mm. long, tapering into a fine point, densely barbed with brown hairs, the body glabrous, minutely papilate HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 229 at the slightly contracted neck, slightly hispidulous on the crown; awn, 8 to 11 cm. long, scabrous, twice-geniculate, the second bend at about the middle, the first segment twisted, about 3 to 4 cm. long, the second slightly twisted, the third straight. (Pl. 50, figs. 16,17. Curtiss 5834.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry pine woods, peninsular Florida. Fiorina: Okeechobee region, Fredholm 5725. Clarcona, Meislahn 191. Palma Sola, Tracy 7031. Manatee, Combs 1335. Grasmere, Combs & Baker 1075 1155. Merrimack, Baker 115. Eustis, Nash 2051. Eau Gallie, Curtiss 5834. Duval County, Fredholm 5092. Tavares, Hitchcock 812. Braiden- town, Hitchcock 967. 9. Stipa spartea Trin. Stipa spartea Trin. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 82. 1830. ‘V.spp. Amer. bor.’’ [Specimen seen from North America.] The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is labeled “‘ Rocky Mountains near the Missouri, no. 253 of Hook. Cat.’? The mature lemma is 16 mm. long, first segment of awn 7.5 cm., second segment, 1.5 cm., third segment 5 cm. long. The original spelling of the specific name is sparta, but Trinius corrects this later to spartea." DESCRIPTION. Culms in small tufts, erect, glabrous, about 1 meter tall, mostly 2-noded; sheaths glabrous; ligule rather firm, 4 to 5 mm. long, decurrent, shorter on the innovations; blades flat, more or less involute in drying, glabrous beneath, very scabrous and sometimes pubescent on the upper surface, 20 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering to a capillary point, those of the innovations more slender, often involute, and sometimes 50 or 60 cm. long; panicle narrow, nod- ding, 15 to 20 cm. long, the branches few, distant, solitary or clustered, slender, ascending, scabrous, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets, the lowermost as much as 10 cm. long, all finally drooping with the weight of the fruit; glumes nearly equal, narrow, pale, papery, glabrous, with 5 strong nerves and additional intermediate nerves, 3 to 4 cm. long, tapering to a fine soft awnlike point; lemma subceylindric, brown, 1.6 to 2.5 cm. long, the callus about 7 mm. long, gradually tapering to a fine sharp point, densely barbed with brown hairs, the body slightly tapering above the callus, decreasingly pubescent upward, the upper half minutely roughened, glabrous except for a Jine of pubescence on one side, the crown ciliate with short erect hairs; awn stout, 12 to 20 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the first segment scabrous, twisted, 5 to 8 em. long, the second more loosely twisted, flexuous, mostly 2 to 3 cm. long, the third straight, slender. (Pl. 50, figs. 18, 19. Hitchcock 11020.) Standley’s no. 6223 from New Mexico is like S. spartea in size, but the floral parts are smaller than usual for that species. It is intermediate between this and S. spartea curtiseia. DISTRIBUTION. Prairies, Ontario to British Columbia, and south to Kansas. Ontario: Sarina, Morris 194. Squirrel Island, Dodge 61. ManiToBa: Birtle, Herriot 77178. ALBERTA: Edmonton, Hitchcock 11368. British CotumBra: Kamloops, Macoun 17. Lower Arrow Lake, Macoun 105. 11 Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 68. 1842. 230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Inp1anA: Morocco, Deam 31659. Lake Maxinkuckee, Clark 1856. Pretty Lake, Deam 15939. Dune Park, Chase 2042, 6146. Miller, Chase 1794. Porter County, Deam 36679. Iuurnois: Galva, V. H. Chase 1750. Joliet, Skeels 248. Hanover, Gleason & ~ Gates 2602. St. Clair County, Eggert 280. Wady Petra, V. H. Chase 1206. Naperville, Kneucker Gram. Ezs. 846. MicuiaaNn: Akron, Dodge in 1910. Woodward Lake, Wheeler in 1880. Lansing, Beal in 1881. Wisconsin: Polk County, Burglehaus in 1892. Milwaukee, Lapham. Lauder- dale, Bebb 2061. Minnesota: Fort Snelling, Mearns 737. Heron Lake, Skinner 54. Spring Grove, Rosendahl 314. Minneapolis, Sandberg 299. Nortu Dakota: Grand Forks, Brannon 12. Leeds, Lunell in 1901. Fargo, Minns. Soutn Dakota: Aberdeen, Griffiths 820. Custer, Rydberg 1110; Hitchcock 11113. Iowa: Missouri Valley, Pammel 672. Marshall County, Ball 18. Little Rock, Ball 406. Iowa City, Somes 3216. Ames, Hitchcock 11020; Ball 177. NEBRASKA: Halsey, Hitchcock 11062. Thedford, Rydberg 1402. Missouri: Lees Summit, Bush 302, 3937. Kansas: Manhattan, Hitchcock 2520, 10418. Riley County, Norton 592. Wyoming: Bear Lodge Mountains, Griffiths 990; Williams 2640. Manhattan, Williams 2683. New Mexico: Sierra Grande, Standley 6223. 9a. Stipa spartea curtiseta Hitchc., subsp. nov. DESCRIPTION. Differing from the typical form of the species in the shorter awn, shorter glumes, and shorter fruiting lemma. Culms rather slender, mostly 30 to 60 em. tall; blades mostly slender and involute; glumes mostly 2 to 3 cm. long; fertile lemma mostly 12 to 15 mm. long; first segment of awn 2 to 4 cm. long, the third segment 1 to 4 cm. long. Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 745,744, collected in Hound Creek Valley, Montana, August 1, 1883, by F. Lamson-Scribner (no. 339). This form may represent a distinct species, but the differences by which it is distinguished from S. spartea are those of degree rather than of kind. The nearly distinct range would indicate a transition to a distinct species. Some of the specimens have been referred previously to S. comata intermedia, from which this form can be distinguished by the differences between the mature lemmas and the ligules (the same characters which distinguish S. comata and S. spartea). In S. comata the lemma is pale and more or less villous to the summit and the ligule is long and papery; in S. spartea the lemma is brown and glabrous on the upper part, except for a line of pubescence along one side, and the ligule is short and firm. DISTRIBUTION. Dry open ground, Manitoba to Alberta and Wyoming. ManirTosa: Birtle, Herriot 77177. SasKATCHEWAN: Bredenburg, Herriot 77179. Prince Albert, Macoun 13344. ALBERTA: Waterton Lake, Macoun 13343. Montana: Hound Creek Valley, Scribner 339. Central Montana, Spragg 408. Columbia Falls, Williams 960. Flathead Region, Ayres in 1883. Wromine: Sundance, Griffiths 478. HITCHCOCK—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 231 e 10. Stipa avenacea L. Stipa avenacea L. Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. ‘Habitat in Virginia.’”’ The type, in the Linnaean Herbarium,' is from Gronovius. Stipa barbata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 53. 1803. Not S. barbata Desf. 1798. ‘Hab. in sylvis Virginia et Carolinae superioris.’”” The specimen, in the Michaux Herbarium at Paris, is labeled ‘‘In sylvis Virginiae Carolinae.” Stipa virginica Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 99. 1805. Persoon renames S. barbata Michx. and cites the same habitat. Stipa diffusa Willd. ‘“‘hbr.’’; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 642. 1841, as synonym of S. avenacea L. DESCRIPTION. Culms few in a tuft, erect, glabrous, 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule rather firm, about 3 mm. long on the culm leaves, about 2 mm. long on the innovations; blades flat (about 1 mm. wide) or involute, very slender, glab- rous, sometimes scabrous especially toward the tip, 20 to 30 cm. long, the upper- most culm blade reduced; panicle open, 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches in two’s or three’s, distant, slender, scabrous, ascending, finally drooping, mostly 2 to 4 cm. long, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; glumes equal, about 1.5 cm. long, papery, rather broad, somewhat abruptly contracted into an acuminate point, 5-nerved, the first sometimes obscurely so; lemma dark brown, 9 to 10 mm. long, the sharp acute callus about 2 mm. long, densely barbed, the upper hairs 2 to 3 mm. long, the body glabrous, papillate-roughened toward the summit, not narrowed into a neck, the crown slightly hispidulous; awn scabrous, 4.5 to 6 cm. long, twice- geniculate, the first segment twisted, about 2 cm. long, the second slightly twisted, 1 cm. long, the third straight. (Pl. 50, figs. 20,21. Kneucker Gram. Exs. 564.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry or rocky open woods, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. MassacuuseTts: Malden, Boott in 1861. Marthas Vineyard, Seymour 1060. Connecticut: North Stonington, Weatherby 4122. New York: Eastport, Chase, 7401. New JersEeY: Egg Harbor, Chase 7312. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia, Scribner in 1881. InpraNna: Mongo, Deam 20709; 36302. MicuHicaNn: Portage, Burgess 227. DeLawareE: Wilmington, Commons in 1875. MaryYLanpb: Great Falls, Chase 2321; Kneucker, Gram. Exs. 564; Ball 707. High Island, Pollard 322. Virainia: Great Falls, Chase 3705. Hampton, Miller in 1903. Northwest, Kearney 1102. Nortu Carouina: Wilmington, Chase 7220. Biltmore, Biltmore Herbarium. 960b, 960. Chimney Rock Mountain, Biltmore Herbarium 960a. Sourn Caro.ina: Spartanburg, McCarthy in 1888. Clemson College, Hitchcock in 1901. Groreia: Stone Mountain, Eggert 36; Hitchcock 1346. Lookout Mountain, Ruth, 93. Fiorina: Old Town, Combs 876. Lake City, Rolfs 43. Gainesville, Garber in 1876. TENNESSEE: Knoxville, Ruth in 1895. Lenoir, Matthews in 1897. ALABAMA: Montgomery, Mohr in 1868. Tuskegee, Carver 44. Auburn, Hitch- cock 1318, 1341. Mississippi: Biloxi, 7'racy 4544. Lours1aNna: Natchitoches, Ball 158. Calhoun, Hitchcock 1271. Texas: Houston, Hall 765. Palestine, Plank 53. Angelina County, Reverchon 4128. 12 Types of American Grasses Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 122. 1908. 232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 11. Stipa saxicola Hitchc., sp. nov. DESCRIPTION. Culms glabrous, slender, 60 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule of culm leaves firm, 2 to 3 mm. long, of the innovations less than 1 mm. long; blades slender (0.5 to 1 mm. thick), involute, glabrous, 10 to 20 cm. long; panicle open, 10 cm. long, the branches slender, flexuous, distant, in pairs, bearing one or two spikelets, sparingly scabrous, the bracts at the base of the branches 2 to 3 mm. long; glumes nearly equal, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, long-acuminate, 5-nerved, glabrous; lemma brown, 1.5 cm. long, the callus slender, very sharp, densely barbed with tawny hairs, the body sparsely villous, the summit with a few erect short stiff hairs; awn 7 to 8.5 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the first segment 2 to 3 cm. long, twisted, pubescent with short appressed hairs, the second segment like the first, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the third straight, scabrous. (Pl. 51, figs. 1, 2. Hitchcock 6488.) Type in U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 993,394, collected on a rocky hill, Esperanza, State of Puebla, Mexico, August 28, 1910, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 6488). This is the only specimen seen. This resembles Stipa spartea curtiseta in general appearance, but differs in the more open panicle, with slender flexuous branches, and the sparsely villous body of the lemma. In an earlier work on Mexican Grasses 3 this specimen was referred to S. melanosperma Presl. The latter has pilose panicle branches and pedicels, the body of the fruiting lemma is glabrous, and the nerves of the glumes are con- nected by a few flexuous anastomosing lines. The type locality of S. melano- sperma is unknown. The type, which was examined at the National Museum at Prague, consists of a panicle only, and the label bears nothing but the name. Hassler’s no. 9469 from Paraguay, named by Hackel " Stipa melanosperma var. erythrina, answers to the description in every detail except that Presl says the nerves of the glumes are hispid (‘‘nervis pilis brevissimis rigidulis hispidae’’) However, the glumes of the type of S. melanosperma are glabrous. Haenke, wh» collected the latter species, visited Chile, but the species is not known from that country. Hassler’s no. 12090 from Paraguay and Dusen’s no. 10874 from Paran& are also S. melanosperma. All three specimens agree in having the nerves of the glumes connected by anastomosing lines as in the type. Spegaz- zini '5 includes S. melanosperma in his account of the Stipeae Platenses, recording it from Paraguay and from Santa Fé. 12. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 5!: 75. 1842. ‘‘Carlton House Fort ad fi. Saskatchawan (Drummond); ad ripas et in planitie fl. Columbia prope ‘Missouri Portage’ (Douglas).” The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is the first of the specimens cited, and is labeled “Stipa capillata T 12 Hooker mis.’’ Trinius and Ruprecht cite with the original de- scription two synonym, S. juncea Nutt. not L., with doubt, and ‘Stipa capillata Hooker! Fl. Bor. Amer. 2. (1840) p. 237.” In the type the glumes are 2 cm. long, the lemma 12 mm. long, the awn about 15.5 cm. long, the first segment 3 cm., the second, 1.5 cm. and the third, sinuous. Hooker misapplied the name S. capillata L. % Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 282. 1913. * Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 6: 345. 1909. 15 Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4: 67. 1901. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 233 DESCRIPTION. Culms cespitose, glabrous or sometimes puberulent around the nodes, 30 to 60 cm. tall, rarely as much as 1 meter; sheaths glabrous or scabrous, naked at the throat, the uppermost usually inflated; ligule thin, 3 to 4 mm. long, decurrent, 1 to 2 mm. long on the innovations; blades flat or involute, smooth or scaberulous beneath, scaberulous on the upper surface, 10 to 30 cm. long, the uppermost shorter, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle narrow, 10 to 20 cm. long, usually partly in- closed in the uppermost sheath, the branches slender, scabrous, ascending or appressed, naked below, mostly two at a node, bearing one to few spikelets, the lowermost as much as 10 em. Jong; glumes 1.5 to 2 cm. (rarely 3) cm. long, about equal, papery, gradually narrowed to a soft awnlike point, 5-nerved; lemma 8 to 12 mm. long, mostly about 1 cm., pale or finally brownish, the callus about 3 mm. long, slender, very acute, densely barbed with tawny hairs, the body slightly tapering from just above the callus, villous with short appressed hairs or glabrate toward the summit, the joint with the awn distinct, glabrous or slightly his- pidulous; awn indistinctly twice-geniculate, scabrous, somewhat deciduous, the first segment straight, twisted, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, the second loosely twisted, flexuous, mostly 1 to 2 cm. long, the third capillary, very sinuous or merely curved, mostly 10 to 12 cm. long. (PI. 51, figs. 3, 4. Hitchcock 1700.) DISTRIBUTION. Prairies, plains, and dry hills, Minnesota to Yukon Territory, south to Texas and California. Manitosa: Brandon, Macoun 13342. SasSKATCHEWAN: Moose Jaw, Macoun 13341. AuBERTA: Rosedale, Moodie 952. Lethbridge, Hitchcock 4964. Calgary, Hitchcock 11452. Edmonton, Hitchcock 11376. British Cotumsia: Kamloops, Macoun 19. Spences Bridge, Macoun 20. Lake Osoyoos, Macoun 77228. Lillooet, Macoun 91570. Yuxton: Five Finger Rapids, Tarleton 85. Inp1ana: Noble County, Deam 40826. Wisconsin: Brown County, Schuetie in 1883. Minnesota: St. Anthony Park, Oswald in 1911. Nortu Daxora: Devils Lake, Brannon 54. Leeds, Lunell in 1901 and 1911. Dickinson, Ball 2100. Sourn Daxora: Aberdeen, Griffiths 86. Custer, Hitchcock 11110; Rydberg 1111. Edgemont, Hitchcock 11093. Iowa: Little Rock, Ball 406. Nesraska: North Platt, Rydberg 2024; Shear 278. Halsey, Hitchcock 11044. Thedford, Rydberg 1344. Kansas: Garden City, Hitchcock in 1903. Morton County, Hitchcock 593. Texas: Paloduro Canyon, Reverchon 2821. Big Spring, Tracy 7910. Channing, Williams 3060. Monrana: Billings, Hitchcock 11202. Smith River, Scribner 338. Spanish Basin, Rydberg 3152. Manhattan, Shear 433, 2195; Rydberg 2196. Melrose, Shear 350. Hamilton, Chase 5205. Wilsall, Suksdorf 238. Boze- man, Tweedy 1015. Wvyromina: Sundance, Griffiths 509, 944. Gillette, Hitchcock 11190. Guernsey, Nelson 8313. Jacksons Hole, Merrill & Wilcox 277. Orin Junction, Williams 2569. Cassa, Nelson 8360. Red Desert, Nelson 7135. Yellow- stone National Park, Hitchcock 1917. 234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ipano: Shoshone Falls, Chase 4706. Caldwell, Chase 4764. American Falls, Chase 4668. Jerome, Chase 4691. Pocatello, Chase 4634, 4647; Hitchcock 1835. Nez Perce County, Sandberg, Heller & MacDougal 293. Big Butte- Station, Palmer 213 in 1893. Payette Project, Macbride 871. WasHINGTON: Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 240. Washtucna, Elmer 1033. Spokane, Piper 2600. Wenatchee, Whited 1130, 1229. Sunnyside,. Griffiths & Cotton 19. OreGon: Dalles, Howell in 1881. Bulton Springs, Leiberg 388. Snake River,,. Sheldon 8204. Catlow Valley, Griffiths & Hunter 322. Cotorapo: Arboles, Baker 220. Trinidad, Standley 6015. Salida, Eggleston 6671. Delta, Tidestrom 2174. Manitou, Chase 5301; Hitchcock 1700. Platte River, Jones 201. Urau: Indianola, Tidestrom 2243. Marysvale, Rydberg & Carlton 7052; Jones: 5388. La Sal Mountains, Rydberg & Garrett 8592. La Verken, Jones 5182.. Springdale, Jones 5252. Silver Reef, Jones 5163. Milford, Jones 1786.. Glenwood, Ward 73. Nevapa: Austin, Hitchcock 10605. Karshaw, Gooding 966. Reese Valley,. Watson 1293. Ely, Hitchcock 10848. Lone Mountain, Hitchcock 10728. Kings Canyon, Baker 1116. Truckee Mountains, Watson 1294. New Mexico: Santa Fe, Heller 3576. Raton, Standley 6260. Tunitcha Moun-- tains, Standley 7676, 7819. Raton Mountains, Griffiths 5106. Ute Park,. Standley 14300. Arizona: Flagstaff, Hitchcock 13236; Chase 5835, 5842; Leiberg 5556. Adamana,. Chase 5857; Hitchcock 10425. Hell Canyon, Rusby 46. Little De Motte Park, Jones 6056. Grand Canyon, Hitchcock 10445. Cauirornia: Benton, Tidestrom 9993. Orland, Heller 11434. Mount Tallac,. Hitchcock 3125. Mono Lake, Bolander 26. Bishop Creek, Davidson 2536. 12a. Stipa comata intermedia Scribn. Stipa comata intermedia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. 11: 171. 1886. Not S. intermedia Trin. 1842. ‘Junction Butte, alt. 6,000 ft.” The article is on a collection of grasses made in Yellowstone Park by Frank Tweedy. ‘The specimen described, no. 610, is in the U. 8. National Herbarium. ; Stipa tweedyi Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 47, 1898. A new name for Stipa comaia intermedia Scribn. Stipa spartea var. tweedyi Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 14: 11. 1912. Based on S. tweedyt Scribn. DESCRIPTION. Differing from Stipa comata in the shorter straight third segment of the awn;: glumes and lemma averaging a little longer; panicle usually exserted from the uppermost sheath. The ligule is long, as in S. comata. (PI. 51, fig. 5. Tweedy; 610.) DISTRIBUTION, Habitat and range as in S. comata, but not extending so far east. SASKATCHEWAN: Lipton, Clokey 1618. ALBERTA: Craigmyle District, Brinkman in 1922. Montana: Jefferson City, Scribner 338. Pony, Rydberg & Bessey 3550. Span— ish Basin, Rydberg 3156. Wyoming: Evanston, Williams 2421, 2438. Yellowstone Park, Tweedy 610;. Mearns 1307, 2610, 2714; Hitchcock 2019. Jacksons Hole, Merrill & Wilcox: 316. Antelope Basin, Nelson 7497. Laramie Hills, Nelson 417. Specimen: Ridge, Nelson & Nelson 5886. HITCHCOCK——-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 235 Ipano: Victor, Merrill & Wilcox 210, 212. Picabo, Macbride & Payson 2960; St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox 127. Bear Lake, Williams 2559. WASHINGTON: Spokane County, Suksdorf 8990, 8990b. Cotoravo: Gunnison, Shear 944. Black Canyon, Baker 118. Twin Lakes, Wolfe 1103. Mancos, Baker, Earle & Tracy 383. Veta Pass, Clements 122; Shear 821. Urau: Charleston Mountains, Heller 11020. Ely, Hitchcock 10838. Austin, Hitchcock 10639. Silver Reef, Jones 5149. Ephraim, Tidestrom 1260. New Mexico: Glorieta, Vasey in 1881. Without locality, Fendler 980. Arizona: Grand Canyon, Hitchcock 10450; MacDougal 171; Chase 5805, 5817. Hell Canyon, Rusby 877. CaiFrorNiA: Redding, Heller 12334. Fallen Leaf Lake, Eastwood 1058. White Mountains, Jepson 7294. 12b. Stipa comata intonsa Piper. Stipa comata intonsa Piper, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 11: 109. 1906. ‘Near Rockland, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1026, type.’”’ The type collection is widely distributed. DESCRIPTION. Differing from S. comata in having pubescent foliage. Scarcely more than a form of that species. DISTRIBUTION. Dry sandy prairies, eastern Washington. WasuHINGTON: Rockland, Suksdorf 1026, 4447. 13. Stipa pulchra Hitche. Stipa pulchra Hitche. Amer. Journ. Bot. 2: 301. 1915. ‘‘Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 416,590, collected in a railroad cut three miles south of Healdsburg, Sonoma county, California, April 9, 1902, by A. A. Heller (no. 5252).” This has usually been referred to S. setigera Presl !* in works on California botany. DESCRIPTION. Culms glabrous, often pubescent below the nodes, sometimes scabrous below the panicle, erect or spreading at base, 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or scaberulous, pubescent on the margin, a little pilose at the throat and on the collar; ligule about 1 mm. long; blades flat or involute, 1 to 2mm. wide, glabrous beneath, scaberulous or pubescent on the upper surface, 10 to 20 cm. long; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches distant, slender, spreading, flexuous, scabrous or appressed-hispid, bearing 2 to several spikelets, often somewhat pilose at the axil; glumes about 1.5 cm. long, subequal, or the first a little longer, acuminate, 3-nerved, usually purplish, roughish on the nerves; lemma at maturity pale or rather dark, 8 to 10 mm. long, the callus sharp, about 2 mm. long, densely barbed with tawny hairs, the body minutely papillate-roughened, sparsely pubescent, especially along the back, sometimes glabrate toward the summit, constricted into a short neck scarcely 1 mm. long, the summit bearing a row of stiff erect hairs about 1 mm. long; awn 5.5 to 9 mm. long, twice-geniculate, rather easily deciduous, the first segment 1.5 to 2 cm. long, twisted, appressed-hispid, the second like the first, about 1 cm. long, the third straight and slender, scabrous; anthers tipped with a minute tuft of hairs. (Pl. 51, figs, 6,7. Chase 5598.) 16 Pregl. Rel. Haenk. 1: 226. 1830. 236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DISTRIBUTION. Dry hills and deserts, central California to Lower California. Ca.LiForNiA: San Diego, Brandegee 833; Parish Brothers 1550, 1554; Pringle in 1882. Capay Valley, Lemmon 5455. Healdsburg, Heller 5252. San Luis Obispo, Jones 3233; Lemmon 5472. Arroyo del Puerto, Brewer 1262. Santa Barbara, Elmer 3874, 3935; Chase 5598, 5622, 5636. Pacific Grove, Elmer 3507; Chase 5659; Httchcock 2621. San Clemente Island, 7’rask 361. San Nicolas Island, Trask 16. Santa Catalina Island, Knopf 201. North Fork, Griffiths 4601. Marysville Buttes, Heller 11804. Ballona Harbor, Abrams 1185. Winchester, Hall 2921. Riverside, Hall 2977. Borax Lake, Torrey 579. Stony Creek, Hansen 1668. Sacramento Valley, Hartweg 2028. Playa del Rey, Chase 5549. Ventura, Chase 5589. San Bernardino, Chase 5527. Berkeley, Chase 5664. Mount Tamalpais, Chase 5670. Without locality, Kellogg & Harford 1096, Bolander 4802. Lower Ca.irornia: Guadalupe Ranch, Orcutt in 1886. 14. Stipa leiantha Hitchc., sp. nov. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, rather slender, glabrous, about 60 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule rather firm, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades involute, filiform, scabrous, 10 to 15 cm. long on the innovations, shorter on the culm; panicle narrow, few-flowered, 15 to 20 cm. long, the branches few, distant, appressed, the lower in pairs or threes, the shorter with one or two spikelets, the longer naked at base, with about 3 spikelets, the axis and branches smooth, the pedicels sometimes sparsely scabrous; glumes about equal, 7 to 8 mm. long, rather firm, glabrous, broad, abruptly acute or short-acuminate, purple below, tawny above, obscurely 3 to 5 nerved; lemma about 6 mm. long, the callus 1 mm. long, sharp, densely barbed with brown hairs as much as 2 mm. long, the body oblong, terete, glabrous, light brown (lighter than the callus), very minutely granulose or scaberulous. near the slightly contracted summit; awn 1.5 to 2 cm. long, twice-geniculate, densely short-pilose to the second bend, the first segment about 7 mm. long. (Pl. 51, figs. 8, 9. Hitchcock 6489.) Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 993,443, collected on a rocky hill at Esperanza, State of Puebla, Mexico, altitude 2,600 meters, August 28, 1910, by A. S. Hitchcock (no. 6489). Known only from the type specimen. 15. Stipa pringlei (Beal) Scribn. Oryzopsis pringlet Beal, Bot. Gaz. 15: 112. 1890. ‘‘No. 1410, C. G. Pringle, collected in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1887, and distributed as Stipa Pringlei Scribn.’’ The type collection is widely distributed. Stipa pringlet Scribn. in Vasey, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 54. 1892. Based on Oryzopsis pringleit Beal. DESCRIPTION. Culms cespitose, erect, glabrous, sometimes puberulous about the nodes, mostly about 1 meter tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule about 2 mm. long, decurrent; blades flat or those of the innovations involute, firm, erect, scabrous, 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle nodding, 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches ascending, few-flowered, naked below, the axis glabrous, the branchlets and pedicels slightly scabrous; glumes equal, about 1 cm. long, membranaceous, broad, rather abruptly narrowed into a short point, glabrous, the first about 9-nerved, the second about 7-nerved; lemma 7 to 8 mm. long, oblong-elliptic, HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA, 237 brown, villous with appressed brownish hairs, the surface also minutely papil- late, the callus 1 mm. long, densely barbed, the abruptly narrowed summit with a dense ring of short brown hairs; awn about 2 cm. long, obscurely twice- geniculate, scabrous, twisted to the second bend. (Pl. 51, figs. 10, 11. Hitch- cock 7681.) DISTRIBUTION. Rocky woods and slopes, New Mexico and Arizona to Chihuahua. New Mexico: Turkey Creek, Metcalfe 557. Queen, Hitchcock 13553. Arizona : Huachuca Mountains, Griffiths 4836; Mearns 2573; Pringle in 1884. Rincon Mountains, Nealley 66. White Mountains, Griffiths 5298. Flag- staff, Griffiths 4976; Tracy 130. McKays Peak, Wooton in 1913. Chiri- cahua Mountains, Lemmon 4678; Blumer 1405. Santa Rita Mountains, Griffiths & Thornber 107; Williams, Hitchcock in 1903. Cuinuauua : Sierra Madre, Pringle 1410. Sdnchez, Hitchcock 7677, 7681. 16. Stipa eminens Cay. Stipa eminens Cav. Icon. Pl. 5:42. pl. 467. f. 1.1799.“ Habitat prope oppi- dium mexicanum Chalma.” The type, at the Madrid Botanical Garden, is labeled, “Chalma en Nueva-Espana. Née dedit.” The lemma is 6 mm. long, the first segment of the awn is 5 mm., the second 5 mm., and the third 2 cm. The description states that the awn is an inch and one-half long, bent about the middle. The awn is twice-geniculate, but the first bend is rather obscure. Stipa erecta Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 75. 1886. Not S. erecta ‘“‘Ht. Madr.;’’ Trin. 1824. The only specimen cited is ‘‘Tehuacén, (Liebm. n. 654).” The type specimen, bearing the name in Fournier’s hand, is in the Copenhagen Her- barium. The lemmas are only 4.5 mm. long; the awn is a little over 2 em. long. Stipa flecuosa Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 49. 1888. “G. C. Nealley, Western Texas.” In the type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, the lemma is 5 mm. long, the awn 4.5 cm. long, the third segment 3.5 cm. long, the first bend obscure. DESCRIPTION. Culms slender, rather wiry, glabrous, 80 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, short-villous at the throat; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long or even 6 mm. long on the culm leaves, about 1 mm. long on the innovations; blades flat or involute, glabrous or scaberulous, as much as 35 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, usually densely pilose on the lower node, sometimes at the others, the branches slender, scabrous, spreading, often flexuous, usually 3 or 4, or even more, at a node, the lowermost 5 to 8 cm. long; glumes about 1.5 cm. long, the first a little longer, pale, 3-nerved, long-acuminate, glabrous; lemma pale, 5 to 7 mm. long, the callus 1 to 2 mm. long, densely barbed with white hairs, the body broadest about one-third from the callus, villous all over, narrowed above into an obscure neck; awn 3 to 6 cm. long, obscurely twice-geniculate, the first segment scabrous-hispid, twisted, about as long as the lemma, the second similar, a little shorter, the third flexuous, scabrous, not twisted. (Pl. 51, figs. 12,13. Palmer 523.) DISTRIBUTION. Rocky hills, Texas to Arizona and south to central Mexico. Texas: Presidio County, Nealley 155. New Mexico: Kingston, Metcalfe 1330. Organ Mountains, Wooton 1070; Hitchcock 3768; Standley in 1906. Without locality, Wright 1998; Emersley 31. ARIzONA: Camp Grant, Rothrock in 1874. Sonora: Fronteras, Hartman 20. 938 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Curnvuanva: Santa Eulalia Mountains, Pringle 384; Wilkinson in 1885. Duranco: Durango, Palmer 523 in 1896; Hitchcock 7624. Zacatecas: Zacatecas, Hitchcock 7524; Pringle 2043. Hacienda de Cedros, Lloyd 187, 212. San Luis Potosf: San Luis Potos{, Hitchcock 5671; Parry & Palmer 929. QueréTaro: San Juan del Rio, Rose, Painter & Rose 9581. Hipauco: Sierra de la Mesa, Rose, Painter & Rose 9099. Pachuca, Hitchcock 6700. Tula, Rose, Painter & Rose 8362, Mexico: Rfo Hondo, Pringle 6228. FepERAL District: Bourgeau 669; Hitchcock 7837; Pringle 9564. Puresia: Tehuacén, Pringle 6766; Hitchcock 6079. Chalchicomula, Hitchcock 6274. Esperanza, Hitchcock 6486; Pittier 443. 17. Stipa clandestina Hack. . Stipa clandestina Hack. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 8: 516. 1910. ‘ Mexico. Prope Michoacan leg. Fr. Arséne (no. 3441). Prope Saltillo in cire. Coahuila leg. E. Palmer, no. 3 (Apr. 1898).’’ These specimens have been examined in the Hackel Herbarium. The first cited may be taken as the type. In the U.S. National Herbarium is & specimen of this species collected by Brother Arséne (no. 3441), but it is from Saltillo. The Palmer collection also is in the U. 8. National Herbarium. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, 50 to 80 cm. tall, the whole plant pale green; sheaths glabrous, hispid at the throat, the lower often concealing cleistogamous panicles; ligule a membrane about 1 mm. long or less, ciliate with stiff hairs 1 to 2 mm. long; blades folded or involute or the older Jower ones flat, rather firm, glabrous, subu- late-pointed, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. or even as much as 4 mm. wide; panicle narrow, pale, rarely purplish, 10 to 20 cm. long, often more or less inclosed in the uppermost sheath, the branches in distant fascicles, ascending or appressed, naked below, bearing several spikelets above, the axis glabrous, densely pilose at the lowermost node, more or less pilose at the other nodes; glumes equal, about 8 mm. long, papery, broad, abruptly acuminate, 3-nerved, scaberulous on the nerves and somewhat so between the nerves; lemma fusiform, pale, about 6 mm. long, the callus about 1 mm. long, densely barbed with white hairs, the body densely white-villous below, glabrate in streaks above, narrowed toward summit, this ciliate with stiff erect hairs 1 mm. long; awn 11 to 18 cm. long, twice-genicu- late, almost smooth, scaberulous on the angles only, slightly twisted to the second bend, the first and second segments each 3 to 5 mm. long. (PI. 51, figs. 14, 15. Arséne 3441.) The Colombian specimens differ slightly in having a nearly glabrous ligule, in being scarcely pilose on the lower nodes of the panicle axis, and in being less pilose at the summit of the fruit. The plants appear to be more lax. They may belong to a distinct species. DISTRIBUTION. Dry open ground, northern Mexico; also in Colombia. CoanulLa: Saltillo, Nil in 1909; Arséne 3441, 3467; Nicolas in 1909; Palmer 3 in 1898; Hitchcock 5579. Co.tomsta: Tierra Adentro, State of Cauca, Pititer 1334, 1438. 18. Stipa lepida Hitchc. Stipa lepida Hitchc. Amer. Journ. Bot. 2: 302. 1915. ‘‘ Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 733,683, collected on an open hillside in the Santa Ynez Forest Reserve, Santa Barbara County, California, April 19, 1910, by Agnes Chase (no. 5611).” This species has been referred in California floras to S. eminens Cav. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 239 DESCRIPTION, Culms cespitose, often in large bunches, erect or spreading at base, glabrous or scaberulous, or the lower internodes pubescent, the upper ones sometimes puberu- lent below the nodes; sheaths glabrous, sometimes a little roughened, slightly villous at the throat; ligule very short, less than 1 mm. long; blades flat or soon involute, rather lax, glabrous or scaberulous beneath, pubescent on upper sur- face, 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 2 or even as much as 4 mm. wide; panicle open, nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches single, in pairs, or in clusters, ascending or more or less spreading, slender, scabrous, naked below (or with some short branches in the cluster), 5 to 8 cm. long, or sometimes longer, branching about the middle, bearing several or many pale or sometimes purplish spikelets, the branchlets appressed; glumes 6 to 8 mm. long, equal or the first a little longer, narrow, acuminate, glabrous, 3-nerved, lemma 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long, the callus less than 1 mm. long, barbed with white hairs, the body tapering from below the middle to the summit, brown at maturity, sparsely villous all over with white hairs or glabrate toward summit, the neck short and obscure, the summit with several short stiff appressed hairs; awn obscurely twice-geniculate, scaberulous, very slender, loosely twisted to the second bend, mostly 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; anthers tipped with a minute tuft of hairs. (PI. 51, figs. 16, 17. Chase 5609.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry hills, open woods, and rocky slopes, central California to Lower California. CaLiFoRNIA: Santa Ynez Forest, Chase 5608, 5609, 5611, 5634, 5637. Oakland Hill, Kellogg & Harford 1095. Chico Meadows, Heller 11501. Los Angeles, Grant 2971; Piper 6291, 6300, 6310; Chase 5559. Santa Clara County, Heller 8548; Hitchcock 2674. Pasadena, Jones 3544. Chollas Valley, Orcutt 1065. San Bernardino, Parish Brothers 870; Chase 5535. Santa Catalina Island, Trask in 1901. Southern California, Perry & Lemmon 20. Lower Cauirornia: Cedros Island, Palmer 661 in 1889. 18a. Stipa lepida andersoni (Vasey) Hitche. Stipa eminens var. andersoni Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 54. 1892. “Lower California (Dr. Anderson, Dr. Hasse, Allen, and others).”” The type, in the U. 8. National Herbarium, was collected at Santa Cruz by C. L. Anderson in 1888 (no. 58). The locality, ‘‘Lower” California as given by Vasey is an error. The specimens collected by Hasse, Allen, and others, examined by Vasey, are all from southern California and not from Lower California. Stipa hassei Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 267. 1893. “Dry ridges near Santa Monica, California. Type specimen collected in 1891 by Dr. H. E. Hasse, for whom it is named. It is nearly related to Stipa eminens [S. lepida] variety andersoni Vasey, which is found in the same region.” The type is in the U. S, National Herbarium. The spikelets are distorted by a smut. Stipa lepida andersoni Hitche. Amer. Journ. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Based on S. eminens andersoni Vasey. DESCRIPTION. Differing only in the more slender culms, the slender involute blades, and the narrow or reduced panicle. Scarcely a distinct variety. DISTRIBUTION. Dry or rocky hills, central and southern California. CauirorNia: Ventura, Chase 5590. Santa Monica, Hasse in 1892. Santa Cruz Island, Brandegee in 1888. Santa Cruz Mountains, Lemmon 5452. Berkeley , Davy 4235; Chase 5667. Santa Catalina Island, Nuttall 115, 336. Walker Valley, Davy & Blasdale 5040. Dunlap to Millwood, Griffiths 4653. 83683—25+——3 240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 19. Stipa porteri Rydb. Stipa portert Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 599. 1905. Based on Stipa mon- golica as described by Porter and Coulter,’ not S. mongholica Turez. The only specimen mentioned by Porter and Coulter is Hall & Harbour 648. Stipa mongolica is mentioned earlier '§ in Gray’s enumeration of plants collected by Hall and Harbour. The number of the specimen is given as 646, that cited by Porter and Coulter being an error, as shown by the number found on the Hall and Harbour collection. Hall & Harbour 646 is therefore the type collection of Stipa porteri. Beal,!® in transferring Stipa mongolica to Oryzopsis, probably had the Hall and Harbour plant in mind. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, mostly 20 to 35 cm. tall, exposing one node above the basal leaves; sheaths glabrous; ligule rather firm, 2 to 3 mm. long, that of the basal leaves a little shorter, oblong, somewhat 2-lobed, glabrous or minutely puberulent, the uppermost clasping the culm; blades involute, sulcate, scaberu- lous, slender, less than 1 mm. wide when rolled, 2 to 12 em. long, the uppermost 2 to 4 cm. long; panicle open, mostly 5 to 8 cm. long, the branches mostly in pairs, slender, flexuous, 1 to 3 cm. long, unbranched or branched about the middle, sometimes again branched, the lowermost pair 2 to 2.5 cm. distant, the others a little closer, the main axis and the branches glabrous, the pedicels sparsely pilose below the spikelets; glumes equal, elliptic, broad and thin, obtuse, somewhat notched, about 5 mm. long, more or less purple-tinged, glabrous below, scaberu- lous at the tip and finely ciliate-fringed or pubescent at the apex, faintly 5- nerved; lemma about 5 mm. long including the rather blunt, densely pilose callus about 0.5 mm. long, softly pilose with appressed hairs on the lower half, scaberulous only above, faintly nerved, lobed at summit, the tips of the lobes and of the palea finely pubescent like the glumes, the palea about as long as the lemma; awn 12 to 15 mm. long, with a single bend one-third from the base, the first segment weakly twisted, plumose with hairs 1 to 2 mm. long, the second segment untwisted, 8 to 10 mm. long, pubescent with appressed hairs. (Pl. 51, figs. 18, 19. Wolfe 1109.) This species is closely allied to Stipa mongolica Turcz. of central Asia. It differs in the pilose pedicels, the shorter spikelets and awns, and the less villous lemma. DISTRIBUTION. High mountains of Colorado. Cotorapo: Twin Lakes, Wolfe 1109. Without locality, Hall & Harbour 646; Vasey, Powell’s Expedition, in 1868. 20. Stipa thurberiana Piper. Stipa thurberiana Piper, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 10. 1900. “‘S. occidentalis Thurb. in Wilkes, U. 8. Explor. Exped. 17: 483. 1874, not U. S. Geol. Explor. 40th Par. 5: 380. 1871.”’ This species had been confused with S. occidentalis. The species described by Thurber in the first work cited, being different from the one he described under the same name in the second work, was distinguished by Piper as S. thurberiana. The locality cited is ‘‘North branch of the Columbia and Okanagan.’”’ The type specimen was collected by Pickering and Brackenridge. A duplicate type is in the U. S. National Herbarium. 17 Syn. Fl. Colo. 145. 1874. 18 Proc, Acad. Phila. 1868: 79. 1863. 1 Bot. Gaz. 15: 111. 1890. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA, 241 DESCRIPTION. Culms densely cespitose, slender, erect, scabrous, sometimes hispidulous or puberulous below the nodes, mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall, about 2-noded; sheaths scaberulous or the upper glabrous; ligule thin and hyaline, 2 to 5 mm. long, de- current; blades slender, involute, scabrous beneath, scaberulous-pubescent on the upper surface, flexuous, about 0.3 mm. thick when rolled, 10 to 25 cm. long, the uppermost 3 to 5 cm. long; panicle narrow, mostly 8 to 15 cm. long, somewhat nodding, the axis and branches scaberulous, the branches ascending, mostly in pairs, one short, the other 5 to 8 mm. long, bearing a single spikelet or the lowermost sometimes with more, the pedicel thickened below the spikelet; glumes 11 to 13 mm. long, nearly equal, the second a little shorter, thin, often purple, the upper part hyaline, gradually narrowed to a soft point, glabrous or minutely scaberulous, or the first minutely pubescent along the margins, 3- nerved; lemma 8 to 9 mm. long, gradually narrowed from below the middle, pale, appressed-pubescent, the sharp callus about 1 mm. long, the pubescence about the same as on the body; awn 4 to 5 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the second bend rather obscure, the first and second segments about 1 cm. long,. twisted, plumose with ascending white hairs 1 to 2 mm. long, the second segment less densely plumose than the first, the third slightly twisted, scabrous. (Pl. 51, figs. 20, 21. Chase 4689.) DISTRIBUTION. Mesas and rocky slopes, Idaho and Washington to central California. Ipauo: Picabo, Macbride & Payson 2962, 2972. Jerome, Chase 4689. Mountain Home, Chase 4719. Shoshone, Saunders 2930. WASHINGTON: Coulee City, Piper 3919. Bickleton, Suksdorf 94. North Yakima, Henderson 2255. Spokane, Piper 2613. Ellensburg, Piper 2611. Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 269. Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 48, 50. Wen- atchee, Griffiths & Cotton 144; Whited 1230. Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 477. Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 13. OreEGON: Baker, Eggleston 12611. Laidlaw, Whited 56, 3200. Poison Creek, Eggleston 7143. Powder River, Cusick 1154. Snake River, Cusick 1320. Cathro Valley, Griffiths & Hunter 308. Malheur County, Leiberg 2086, 2289. Long Creek, Griffiths & Hunter 134. Bedes Buttes, Griffiths & Hunter 354. Crook County, Leiberg 215. Nevapa: Reno, Hitchcock 10558, 10561; Tracy 248. Austin, Hitchcock 10620, 10632. Palisade, Jones 4110. Without locality, Wheeler in 1872. CauirorniA: Modoc Forest Reserve, Hatton in 1911. Yreka, Butler 1271. 21. Stipa elmeri Piper & Brodie. Stipa viridula pubescens Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892. Not S. pubescens R. Br., 1810. ‘‘ Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.” No specimen or definite locality is cited. A sheet in the U. S. National Herbarium, upon which Vasey has written the name, is accepted as the type. This was collected in Washington by Suksdorf on dry ground along the Columbia River in 1883. The culms are 75 cm. tall, rather robust. Stipa elmerit Piper & Brodie, Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. Based on Stipa viridula pubescens Vasey. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, puberulent, 50 to 100 cm. tall, 2 or 3-noded; sheaths pubescent; ligule a membrane less than 1 mm. long; blades of the culm mostly flat, becoming involute, 15 to 30 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, the uppermost shorter, those of the innovations slender, involute; panicle narrow, 242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. dense or somewhat interrupted, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches short and ap- pressed, the pedicels sometimes pubescent; glumes nearly equal, about 12 mm. long, pale, thin, tapering to a fine soft point, minutely scaberulous, 3-nerved; lemma about 6 to 7 mm. long, dark brown, rather sparsely appressed-pubescent, widest about the middle, the callus a little over 1 mm. long, densely bearded with yellowish hairs; awn 3.5 to 5 em. long, twice-geniculate, the first segment 1 cm. long, twisted, plumose with ascending hairs about 1 mm. long, the second like the first, slightly shorter, less plumose toward the tip, the third straight, scabrous. (Pl. 51, figs. 22, 23. Hitchcock 3336.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry hills, sandy plains, and open woods, Washington to California and Nevada. [pano: Coeur d’Alene, Rust 347. WasninctTon: Spokane, Turesson 21; Piper 2276, 2601; Chase 4985. Ellens- berg, Piper 2583. Chelan, Elmer 487. Spokane County, Suksdorf 8989. Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 441. OreEGoN: Laidlaw, Whited 3071. Without locality, Cusick 1156. Nevapa: Empire City, Jones 4109. Glenbrook, Hitchcock 3190. Kings Can- yon, Baker 1285. Ca.iFornia: San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2537. Goose Valley, Eastwood 922. Fallen Leaf Lake, Eastwood 1063. Dunlap, Griffiths 4680. Yosemite National Park, Hitchcock 3247, 3336. Yosemite Valley, Jepson 4280. Mount Tallac, Hitchcock 3124. San Bernardino County, Parish 2491. Stan- islaus Forest, Eggleston 9504. 22. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Stipa occidentalis Thurb.; S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 380. 1871. “Yosemite Trail, California (5038 Bolander). Pah-Ute Range, Nevada; 5,000 feet altitude; June (1,296 [Watson]).”’ ‘Duplicates of both cited specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium. The first, Bolander 5038, may be consid- ered the type. In both specimens the third segment of the awn is appressed- pilose. Stipa stricta Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 42. 1883. Not S. stricta Lam. 1791. “Oregon, W. N. Suksdorf, and through the Sierra Nevada Mountains.” Dr. Vasey is differentiating this from what was later described as S. thurberiana and which he assumed was the true S. occidentalis. The type, in the U. 8. Na- tional Herbarium, collected in 1882 in ‘‘Washington Terry,” bears the name in Vasey’s hand. The published locality, Oregon, is an error. Stipa stricta sparsiflora Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 51. 1892. ‘‘Cal- ifornia (Bolander, No. 5038 and 5020), Oregon (Cusick) and Washington (Suks- dorf).’’ Dr. Vasey has written the name upon two sheets in the U. S. National Herbarium, Bolander 5038 and Bolander 5020. The two specimens are alike, but the first may be selected as the type. Stipa oregonensis Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 130. f. 426. 1899. ‘‘S. stricta Vasey, not Lam.’”’ A new name for S. stricta, which is a homonym. Stipa occidentalis montana Merr. & Davy, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 62. 1902. ‘ Stipa occidentalis Thurber, U. S. Geol. Expl. 40th Par. V. 380 (1871), in part.” ‘Yosemite Trail, on loose, disintegrated granite, Aug. 20, 1866 (Dr. H. N. Bolander, No. 5038; type).” From Merrill’s discussion it appears that he con- siders- the type of S. occidentalis to be the second specimen cited, Watson 1296 from Pah-Ute Mountains, because Watson’s description of the awn “densely pilose below, scabrous above”’ applies best to this. In both the specimens cited HITCHCOCK—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 243 the third segment of the awn is appressed-pilose, but in the second specimen, because of being glued to the sheet, the hairs are obscured. The confusion in regard to S. occidentalis arose because Thurber described! two species under this name. The first (in 1871), as cited above, having a short ligule, retains the name. The second, having a long ligule, was described later.2 Vasey recognized this difference between the two species but renamed the one published first, calling it S. stricta, retaining S. occidentalis for the other. Piper set things straight by naming the second one S. thurberiana. DESCRIPTION, Culms cespitose, erect, glabrous, about 2-noded, mostly 25 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule a membrane about 0.5 mm. long; blades erect, flat or usually involute, glabrous beneath, scabrous-puberulent on the upper surface, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide when flat; panicle narrow, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches appressed, 1 to 2 cm. long, mostly in unequal pairs, the pedicels glabrous; glumes about 12 mm. long, nearly equal, pale, hyaline, tapering to a fine soft point, faintly 3-nerved; lemma pale brown, about 7 mm. long, rather sparsely appressed-pubescent, widest about the middle, the callus a little over 1 mm. long, rather sparsely barbed, the sharp point naked; awn 3 to 4 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the first and second segments 7 to 10 mm. long, twisted, plumose with ascending hairs about 1 mm. long, the hairs of the second segment a little shorter, the third segment slender, untwisted, appressed-pilose below, naked toward summit or scabrous throughout. (Pl. 51, figs. 24, 25. Hitchcock 11740.) Hitchcock’s no. 10475 from Truckee, California, is puberulous on culms, sheaths, and blades, and is taller than usual for the species (about 70 cm.), thus resembling S. elmeri, but the measurements for the awns are like those of S. occidentalis. DISTRIBUTION. Plains, rocky hills, and open woods, Wyoming to Washington and California. Wyromina: Yellowstone National Park, Hitchcock 1870, 2109; Merrill 138; Letterman 99; Nelson 6592. Albany County, Nelson 457. Teton Forest Reserve, Merrill & Wilcor 420. Jacksons Hole, Merrill & Wilcox 357, 358. IpaHo: Divide between Salmon and Payette rivers, Henderson 3081. St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox 147. WasHINGTON: Chiwankum Lake, Eggleston 13591. Sunnyside, . Cotton 487. Yakima County, Henderson 2257; Cotton 1457. Klikitat County, Cotton 1559. Kittitas County, Cotton 1675, 1755. Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 2la. Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 6240. Oregon: Silvies River, Griffiths & Hunter 192. Mount Hood, Hitchcock 11740. — Henderson 1282. Crook County, Coville & Applegate 601; Leiberg 560. Goose Creek, Cusick 2241. Izee, Griffiths & Hunter 203. Swan Lake Valley, Applegate 3133. Bald Knob, Sampson & Pearson 99. Crater Lake, Hitchcock, 3036. Brokentop Mountain, Coville & Applegate 565. Steins Mountains, Griffiths & Morris 604. Fort Klamath, Hitchcock 3009. Wallowa Mountains, Cusick 3196. Nevapa: Franktown, Heller 10528. Mount Rose, Kennedy 983. Steins Moun- tains, Griffiths & Morris 554. Virginia City, Bloomer 2261. Gold Creek, Hitchcock 10772. Park Station, north of Elko, Hitchcock 10730. Austin, Hitchcock 10663. Pah-Ute Mountains, Watson 1296. 20 In Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped. 17: 483. 1874. 944 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cauirornia: Siskiyou County, Heller 11427. Mount Goddard, Hall & Chandler 708. Mariposa trail, Bolander 5020. Truckee, Hitchcock 10475, 10476. Mount Whitney, Jepson 5056. Upper Kern River, Hall & Babcock 5311. Summit Valley, Pringle in 1882. Tulare County, Palmer 232 in 1888. Mount Shasta, Pringle in 1881; Baker 3896; Hitchcock 2938. San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2325; Reed 2395. Bear Valley, Abrams 2101. Kaweah Peak, Purpus 1558. Black Mountain, Hall & Chandler 585. Ventura, Elmer 3815. San Bernardino Mountains, Parish 3288. Yosemite Trail, Bolander 5038. Yosemite National Park, Hitchcock 3245, 3272, 3335. Lake Valley, Abrams 4775. Lake Merced, Jepson 3189. Mount Wilson, Abrams 2598. Tahoe, Hitchcock 3114. Kings River, Lemmon in 1902. Sequoia National Forest, Hitchcock 3415, 3433, 3462. Mount Tallac, Hitchcock 3141. 23. Stipa multinodis Scribn. — Stipa multinodis Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 222. 1896. ‘‘Mexico, Pringle 385 in 1885." The type, in the herbarium of the Michigan Agricultural College, bears the name, with Scribner as author, in Beal’s script. The duplicate types are widely distributed. In the U. 8. National Herbarium is a specimen of the type collection from the Scribner Herbarium which is labeled in Scribner’s hand, Stipa multinodis Scribn., n. sp. DESCRIPTION, Culms erect, firm and wiry, glabrous, several-noded, 60 to 100 cm. tall, usually bearing a few appressed branches at the middle nodes; sheaths glabrous, over- lapping; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, stiff and firm, becoming involute especially toward the end, scabrous, 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, pale, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches distant, several at a node, appressed or ascending, slender, rather stiff, short and long intermixed, the longer as much as 6 cm. long, naked at base; glumes about 9 mm. long, nearly equal, pale and hyaline, acuminate, glabrous, scarcely nerved on the sides; lemma pale, narrow, about 5 mm. long, the callus about 0.5 mm. long, barbed with tawny hairs, the body densely pubescent with tawny or white appressed hairs, narrowed into a short obscure neck, the upper hairs extending upward past the summit for about 0.5mm.; awn 2.5 to 3 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the first two segments twisted, scabrous-pubescent, about 6 mm. long, the third scabrous, straight. (Pl. 51, figs. 26, 27. - Pringle 385.) DISTRIBUTION. Rocky hills, northern Mexico. Curnuanua: Santa Eulalia Mountains, Pringle 385. Santa Eulalia Plains, Wilkinson 349. CoanvILa: Saltillo, Hitchcock 5617. 24. Stipa constricta Hitche., sp. nov. DESCRIPTION. Culms somewhat decumbent at base, glabrous, several-noded, about 80 cm. tall, bearing appressed branches below the middle; sheaths glabrous; ligule rather prominent, 3 to 5 mm. long; blades loosely involute, glabrous, or scab- erulous toward the tip, 5 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle narrow, purp- lish, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches ascending, slender, naked at the base, several-flowered, the pedicels scabrous-pubescent; glumes about 8 mm. long, equal, narrow, acuminate to a fine point, 3-nerved; lemma narrow, 6 mm. long, the callus nearly 1 mm. long, densely barbed with white hairs, the body narrowly HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 245 fusiform, narrowed above into a neck about 1 mm. long, dull brown, appressed- villous all over with white hairs, more sparsely above, the summit ciliate with a few erect hairs 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long; awn scabrous, twice-geniculate, mostly 2 to 2.5 cm. long, the first two segments less than half the entire length. (Pl. 51, figs. 28, 29. Hitchcock 6742.) Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 993345, collected on a rocky hill at 2,400 meters altitude, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, September 7, 1910, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 6742). No other specimens have been seen. The species resembles S. multinodis in having several nodes and in the branching habit, but differs in the prominent ligule and in the longer lemma with more constricted summit. 25. Stipa scribneri Vasey. Stipa scribnert Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 11: 125, 1884, ‘Collected on dry hillsides at Santa Fe, New Mexico.’”’ The type, in the U.S. National Herbarium, is a pale plant, about 60 cm. tall, with flat blades 3 mm. wide and panicles 20 cm. long. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, sometimes puberulent below the nodes, 30 to 70 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, villous at the throat; ligule less than 1 mm. long; blades flat, involute toward the tip or sometimes involute to base, glabrous, scaberulous on the upper surface, 15 to 25 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle narrow, rather compactly flowered, 10 to 25 cm. long, pubescent at the nodes, the branches fascicled, appressed, some short and some as much as 5 cm. long, the shorter ones bearing 1 or 2 spikelets, the longer ones naked at base and bearing several spikelets; glumes 10 to 15 mm. long, about equal or the first longer, pale, long- acuminate, scaberulous, 3-nerved; lemma about 8 mm. long, pale, the callus 1 mm. long, barbed with tawny hairs, the body narrow-fusiform, villous, the hairs white, on the lower part short and appressed, on the upper part ascending, as much as 2 mm. long, more dense at the summit; awn 14 to 20 cm. long, twice- geniculate, scabrous, twisted to the second bend, the first and second segments 3 to 5 mm. each, the third straight. (Pl. 51, figs. 30,31. Vasey.) Hitcheock’s no. 10733, from Lone Mountain, Nev., is densely cespitose with slender wiry culms, 20 em. tall, and slender closely involute blades. DISTRIBUTION. Mesas and rocky slopes, Colorado to Nevada and Texas. Texas: Without locality, Nealley. CoLorapo: Georgetown, Jones 488. Boulder, Letterman in 1885. Royal Can- yon, Clements 275. Golden, Rydberg 2507. Mount Blanco, Shear 88f Manitou, Hitchcock 1788. Salida, Tracy 474. Trinidad, Shear 16. Canyon City, Shear 970. Twin Lakes, Clements 319. Georgetown, Shear 641. Raton Mountains, Griffiths 5451. Empire, Patterson 273. Trail Glen, Clements 76. Nevaba: Lone Mountain, 25 miles north of Elko, Hitchcock 10733. Karshaw, Goodding 976. New Mexico: Queen, Hitchcock 13502. Santa Fe, Vasey in 1884. Ute Park, Standley 14595. Organ Mountains, Hitchcock 3773. Cloudcroft, Hitchcock 13277, 13296. Ruidoso Creek, Wooton in 1905. Gallinas Canyon, Wooton in 1910. Cimarron Canyon, Griffiths 5565. Arizona: Grand Canyon, Hitchcock 10448. 246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 26. Stipa californica Merr. & Davy. Stipa californica Merr. & Davy, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 61. 1902. ‘Type specimen collected by H. M. Hall, no. 2556, north side Fullers Ridge, San Jacinto Mountains, Southern California, July, 1901, 2,100 meters (7,000 ft.) alt.” The type, in the U. 8. National Herbarium, bears the additional datum, ‘‘ West fork of Snow Creek.” DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous or slightly roughened or puberulent below, 2 or 3-noded, 75 to 125 cm. tall, sometimes taller; sheaths glabrous or the lower puberulent, ciliate on one margin, slightly villous at the throat; ligule rather firm, puberulent, 1 to 2 mm. long, decurrent; blades flat, becoming involute, rather firm, glabrous beneath, scabrous on upper surface, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, those of the innovations slender and involute; panicle narrow, rather slender, pale, 15 to 30 cm. long, the branches appressed, the axis glabrous; glumes about 1 cm. long, equal, pale, hyaline, gradually acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous; lemma 6 to 7 mm. long, rather sparsely villous with ascending white hairs 1.5 mm. long, the callus about 1 mm. long, barbed; awn 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, twice-geniculate, the first segment 7 mm. long, twisted, villous with ascending hairs about 0.5 mm. long, the second slightly shorter and a little less villous than the first, the third straight, slender, naked. (PI. 51, figs. 32, 33. Hall 2556.) DISTRIBUTION, Dry open ground, Washington to California. WasHINGTON: Spokane County, Suksdorf 9011. Hood, Suksdorf 10661. OreGon: Hood River, Hitchcock 2744. Crater Lake, Heller 12586. Nevapa: Hunter Creek Canyon, Reno, Hitchcock 10582. Cauirornia: Weed, Hitchcock 3062. El Dorado County, Heller 12535. Mount Shasta, Congdon in 1900; Hitchcock 2934, 2936, 2948. Castle Crag, Hitch- cock 3064. McCloud, Eastwood 1131. Harden Lake, Eastwood 224, 257. Siskiyou County, Heller 7936. Mount Tallac, Hitchcock 3121,3159. Yosem- ite National Park, Bolander 6099, 6109; Hall & Babcock 3336; Abrams 4469. Wawona, Congdon in 1897. Soda Springs, Kennedy & Doten 247. San Jacinto Mountains, Hall, 2556. Donner Lake, Torrey 578. Truckee, Hitchcock 10515. Lake Tahoe, Hitchcock 3101. 27. Stipa angustifolia Hitchce., sp. nov. Culms slender, glabrous, 10 to 30 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, naked at the throat, the old basal ones flat; ligule of the culm leaves 1 to 2 mm. long, of the innovations shorter; blades involute, slender, rather lax and flexuous, glabrous, 10 to 20 cm. long, scarcely 0.5 mm. thick; panicle narrow, pale, rather loose or lax, the branches ascending or appressed, the lowermost as much as 5 cm. long, usually with one or two shorter branches at the base, the lower node of the main axis sometimes a little villous or hispidulous; glumes about 6 mm. long; nearly equal, green in the center and hyaline on the edges, broad, abruptly acuminate, 5-nerved; lemma medium brown, about 5 mm. long, the callus broad, a little less than 1 mm. long, densely barbed with brown hairs, the body oblong, 1 mm. wide, abruptly and asymmetrically contracted at summit, villous all over with ascending brown hairs about 1 mm. long, these sometimes less dense toward the summit, the summit densely ciliate with hairs nearly 1 mm. long; awn 10 to 15 mm. long, twice-geniculate, very minutely scaberulous, twisted to second bend; palea as long as the lemma; anthers without hairs at the tip. (Pl. 52, figs. 1, 2. Palmer 726.) Type in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 570,290, collected among rocks on summit of Sierra de la Puebla, near Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, July 25, 1905, by Edward Palmer (no. 726). The specimens of the type collection are the only ones known. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 247 28. Stipa virescens H. B. K. Stipa virescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 126. 1816. ‘‘Crescit in subfrigidis regni Mexicani, prope St. Rosa et Cuesta de Belgrado; item in radicibus montis porphyritici La Buffa, juxta Guanajuato, inter 1069 et 1240 hexap.” At the Paris Herbarium is the second specimen cited, labeled ‘In subfrigidis Regni Mexicani, Guanaxuato, alt. 1069-1240 hex.” The first specimen could not be found. Stipa caerulea Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 227. 1830. ‘‘Hab. in Mexico.” The type, in the German University at Prague, bears no data as to origin. Stipa avenacea Willd. ‘“‘hrb.”; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 644. 1841, as synonym of S. virescens H. B. K. Stipa arsenit Hack. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 8: 515. 1910. ‘‘ Mexico, Michoa- can, prope Morelia, 2,200 m. s. m., leg. Fr. Arsene, no. 3211.’’ The specimen has been examined in the Hackel Herbarium. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, mostly 75 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule firm, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades slender and involute, rather lax, those of the innovations numerous, glabrous or scabrous, 10 to 40 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide when flat; panicle narrow, 10 to 25 cm. long, the branches slender, appressed, 1 to several at a node, bearing 1 to few spikelets, the shorter pedicels shorter than the spikelets; glumes 7 to 8 mm. long, equal, rather broad, pale or purple, ‘abruptly acuminate, obscurely 3-nerved; lemma dark brown at maturity, 5 to 6 mm. long, the callus about 1 mm. long, densely barbed with brown hairs, the body over 1 mm. broad, densely villous with brown hairs, contracted above to a very short undifferentiated neck, the summit bearing a close row of stiff erect brown hairs 0.5 mm. long; awn 1 to 2 cm. long, twice-geniculate, twisted and scabrous-pubescent to the second bend, straight and scabrous beyond, the first segment 3 to 5 mm. long, the first bend often at right angles, the second segment about as long as the first. (Pl. 52, figs. 3, 4. Hitchcock 5973.) DISTRIBUTION. Open woods, central Mexico. ZACATECAS: Plateado, Rose 2750. Jautisco: Mount Nevada, Hitchcock 7151. Volcano of Colima, Jones 479. Zapotlan, Hitchcock 7169. Hrpauego: Real del Monte, Clokey 1900; Rose, Painter & Rose 8700. MicHoacdn: Morelia, Arstne 2699, 3211, 5305, 5375, 6749, 6998, 7338. Mexico: Popo Park, Hitchcock 5965, 5973, 6019. FEDERAL District: Orcutt 3731; Pringle 6588, 9574; Hitchcock 5947. Pursua: Chinantla, Liebmann 649. Mount Orizaba, Rose & Hay 5671; Hitch- cock 6266. Veracruz: Cabrestros, Liebmann 650. More os: Sierra de Ajusco, Pringle 6236. Oaxaca: Cerro San Felipe, Nelson 1107; Smith 926; Pringle 4759. Cumbre de Estepec, Liebmann 648. Oaxaca, Nelson 1373. 29. Stipa mexicana Hitchc., sp. nov. Culms cespitose, glabrous, erect, or usually geniculate or prostrate-spreading, mostly 20 to 30 cm. long, sometimes as much as 60 cm. long; sheaths glabrous, naked at the throat; ligule a very short firm membrane; blades firm, involute, sharp-pointed, glabrous beneath, scabrous on upper surface, mostly less than 10 em. long and less than 0.3 mm. thick when rolled, sometimes as much as 20 cm. 33633—25t——4 248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. long; panicle narrow, usually purplish, 5 to 10 em. long, the branches appressed or ascending, short and few-flowered; glumes equal, about 1 cm. long, broad, 3-nerved, rather firm, glabrous, abruptly narrowed to an acute point; lemma 4 mm. long, finally dull brown, the callus rather short and comparatively blunt, densely barbed with white hairs, the body oblong, appressed-villous all over with short white hairs, somewhat narrowed at summit into a short firm whitish neck about 0.2 mm. long, ciliate with hairs about 0.5 mm. long; awn about 1 cm. long, weakly twice-geniculate, scabrous-pubescent to second bend. (PI. 52, figs. 5, 6. Pringle 4299.) Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 993,386, collected in mountain meadows, Sierra de las Cruces, State of Mexico, Mexico, October 1, 1892, by C. G. Pringle (no. 4299). This species approaches S. mucronata, but the panicle is narrower and more compact, the awns are shorter, and the neck of the fruit is shorter and less con- spicuous. A specimen of this species is in the Paris Herbarium (H. B. K. Her- barium) under the name S. mucronata. (See discussion under S. mucronata.) DISTRIBUTION. Open woods and grassy slopes at high altitudes, southern Mexico to Peru. Mexico (State): Mount Popocatepetl, alt. 3,700 meters, Hitchcock 5989; alt. 3,500 meters, Rose & Hay 6035. Popo Park, alt. 2,300 meters, Hitchcock 6014. Sierra de las Cruces, alt. 3,000 meters, Pringle 4299, 11756. Nevada de Toluca, alt. 3,300 to 4,000 meters, Rose & Painter 6434. Hipauco: Real del Monte, Clokey 1901. Cotomaia: Bogotdé, Karsten. VENEZUELA: Péramo de Timotes, Jahn 772. Peru: Mito, Macbride & Featherstone 1876. 30. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. Stipa pringlet lemmoni Vasey, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 55. 1892. “ Moun- tains of Plumas county, Cal. (J. G. Lemmon).” The type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, is labeled, ‘‘ Mohawk Valley, Plumas County, May 1889, J. G. Lem- mon 5456.” The glumes are 10 to 11 mm. long, the lemma 7.5 mm. long, and the culms puberulent below the nodes. Stipa lemmoni Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 3. 1901. Based on S. pringlet lemmoni Vasey. Stipa lemmoni jonesti Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 80: 4. 1901. “This variety is represented in the National Herbarium by Nos. 3563, L. Schoen- feldt, collected at Laguna, Cal., June 4, 1894; 49, J. W. Blankinship, collected at Mount San Hedrim, Mendocino County, Cal.; 3298, Marcus E. Jones, col- lected at Emigrant Gap, Cal., June 28, 1882 (type). There is also a specimen from Mariposa County, Cal., collected by J. W. Congdon, June 4, 1897.’ The type specimen has a more slender, fewer-flowered panicle than that of S. lemmoni, the culms are glabrous below the nodes, the glumes are 8 to 9 mm. long. and the lemma about 6 mm. long. There are all gradations between them. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, scaberulous, puberulent below the nodes, 30 to 80 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; ligule membranaceous, decurrent, 1 to 3 mm. long; blades flat or involute, glabrous beneath, scabrous on the margins, scabrous-pubescent on the upper surface, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, or those on the innova- tions very narrow; panicles narrow, rather compact, mostly pale, sometimes pur- plish, mostly 5 to 12 cm. long, the branches appressed, bearing 1 to few spikelets, HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 249 usually more or less villous at the base; glumes 8 to 10 mm. long, about equal, rather broad and firm, somewhat abruptly acuminate, glabrous, the first 5-nerved, the second 3-nerved with an outer obscure pair; lemma mostly 6 to 7 mm. long, pale or light brown, the callus rather blunt, 0.5 mm. long, barbed with white hairs, the body fusiform, 1.2 mm. wide, villous with appressed hairs, those at the summit and around the crown rather stiff, about 0.5 mm. long; awn 20 to 35 mm. long, twice-geniculate, twisted and appressed-pubescent to the second bend, the first segment 3 to 6 mm. long, the second 5 to 7 mm., the third 10 to 20 mm. long. (PI. 52, figs. 7,8. Butler 830.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry open ground and open woods, British Columbia to California. British Cotumsia: Vancouver Island, Macoun 109, 257; Rosendahl 1933. IpaHo: Moscow Mountains, Henderson 4615. WasHInGToN: Wenatchee Mountains, Cotton 1263, 1630, 1637. Hood River, Howell in 1882. Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 6273. Bingen, Suksdorf 5135, 8661, 10054. Perkins Creek, Cotton 1613. Spokane, Chase 4984; Henderson 2258. Rockland, Suksdorf 4056. Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 213. Orecon: Eight Dollar Mountain, Piper 6478. West Fork, Cusick 4721. Rose- burg, Cusick 3904, 3928. Siskiyou, Hitchcock 2893, 2922. Ashland Creek, Cusick 2857. Ukiah, Eggleston 12723. Klamath Falls, Hitchcock 2973. Waldo, Howell in 1884. Lower Applegate Creek, Leiberg 4089. Ashland, Applegate 2158. Cairornia: Eel River, Bolander 4692. Moffit Creek, Butler 830. Red Mountain, Bolander 6469. Long Valley, Davy & Blasdale 5287. Yosemite Valley, Chase 5713; Tehachapi, Chase 5731. Weaverville, Yates 269. Emigrant Gap, Jones 3298. Clarks, Yosemite National Park, Bolander 4865. Hum- boldt County, Tracy 2707, 4047. Goose Valley, Eastwood 911. Laguna, Schoenfeldt 3563. Plumas County, Heller & Kennedy 8712. Siskiyou County, Heller 7934. North Fork, Griffiths 4542. Castella, Piper 6333, 6334. Delta, Heller 11694. 31. Stipa williamsii Scribn. Stipa williamsii Scribn. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 45. 1898. ‘Dry soil on west side of Big Horn Mountain, near Monument Spring, Wyo., altitude 2,200 to 2,400 meters (no. 2804, Thomas A. Williams, August 3, 1897).’’ Other specimens mentioned are: Little Laramie River, Williams 2234; Jefferson City, Scribner 340. The type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, is about 90 cm. tall, the culms and sheaths are velvety-puberulent, the blades of the culm sparsely pubescent or glabrate. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, rather robust, velvety-puberulent, glabrate above, 60 to 100 em. tall, the nodes glabrous or glabrate; sheaths velvety-pubescent, the upper often glabrate; ligule about 0.5 mm. long; blades flat, those of the innovations more or less involute, more or less pubescent on one or both surfaces, 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide; panicles narrow, moderately compact, sometimes rather loose, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches appressed, two or more at each node, some short and floriferous from base, one usually longer and,naked at base, the nodes glabrous or sparsely pilose; glumes about 1 cm. long, equal, hyaline, narrow, acuminate and short-awned, scaberulous, 3-nerved; lemma about 7 mm. long, pale or brownish at maturity, the callus sharp and rather slender, about 1 mm. long, barbed above the point with white hairs, the body narrowly 250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. fusiform, villous all over with appressed whitish hairs, those of the crown scarcely different, about 1 mm. long; awn 3 to 5 cm. long, twisted and scabrous- pubescent to the second bend; anthers glabrous at tip or with 1 or 2 hairs. This species is closely related to S. columbiana, especially to the variety nelsoni. The type is distinctly pubescent on culm, sheaths, and blades, as are many of the specimens cited below. On other specimens the pubescence is more scant, and may be absent except on the lowermost sheaths. The ligule is usually shorter, and the awns are usually longer than in S. columbiana. (PI. 52, figs. 9, 10. Walliams 2804.) DISTRIBUTION. Dry hills and plains, Montana and Washington to Colorado. Montana: Butte, Hitchcock 2157. Indian Creek, Rydberg & Bessey 3552. Big Creek, Griffiths & Lange 167. Big Horn Mountains, Williams 2804. Jef- ferson City, Scribner 340. Wyomina: Teton Pass, Merrill & Wilcor 235a. Jackson, Merrill & Wilcox 297, 303. Yellowstone National Park, Hitchcock 1916, 1928, 1964; Tweedy 613. Big Horn County, Goodding 301. Ipano: Latah County, Henderson 4614. Fremont County, Merrill & Wilcox 175. Bitter Root Mountains, Chase 5140. Wasuineton: Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 328, 335. Wenatchee Mountains, Cotton 1304. Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 390. OREGON: Wallowa Lake, Shear 1788. Umatilla, Shear 1687. Fort Klamath, Hitchcock 2997, 2998. Goose Creek, Cusick 2243. Wallowa River, Cusick 2321, Cotorapo: Routt County, Shear & Bessey 1380. Uran: Mount Logan, Ball 1284. Ephraim Canyon, Tidestrom 1757. Nevapa: Summit Lake region, Griffiths & Morris 300. Kingston Ranger Sta- tion, Hitchcock 10655, 10658. Lone Mountain, Hitchcock 10715. Gold Creek, Hitchcock 10783. 32. Stipa viridula Trin. Stipa viridula Trin, Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 2!: 39. 1836. Trinius states concerning the origin of the specimen he describes, ‘‘V. spp. Am. bor.?” The type, in the Trinius Herbarium, is labeled “Saskatchewan. Hooker 57. mis. 1835.” Stipa nuttalliana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 643. 1841. Based on Stipa par- viflora Nutt.2! not Desf. Nuttall describes a plant from the plains of the upper Missouri River and refers it to S. parviflora Desf., of which he thinks it is a variety. DESCRIPTION, Culms erect or sometimes geniculate at base, glabrous or scaberulous, mostly 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, villous at the throat, often rather sparingly so, more or less hispidulous in a line across the collar, villous on the margin; ligule membranaceous, about 1 mm. long; blades flat or, especially on the innova- tions, involute, mostly scabrous, sometimes glabrous beneath, 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 3 or even 5 mm. wide; panicle narrow, greenish or tawny at maturity, 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches appressed or ascending, somewhat distant but usually overlapping, 2 or 3 at a node or branching near base and appearing fascicled, some short, one longer and naked below, 3 to 7 or even 10 cm. long, the lower nodes hispidulous; glumes 7 to 10 mm. long, about equal, narrowed 21 Gen. Pl. 1:59. 1818. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 951 above and extending into a slender tip as much as 3 mm. long, hyaline with green: nerves, 3-nerved, scaberulous on the keel and sometimes on the lateral nerves; lemma 5 to 6 mm. long, fusiform, at maturity plump, over 1 mm. wide, the callus: rather blunt, about 0.5 mm. long, barbed with short whitish hairs, the body at maturity usually brown or brownish, rather sparingly villous all over with whitish appressed hairs, the surface roughened with minute papillae, the summit - hispidulous with erect hairs 0.5 to 1 mm. long; awn 2 to 3 em. long, twice- geniculate, slender, scabrous, twisted to the second bend, the first segment 3 to 4 mm. long, the second usually a little longer, the third somewhat flexuous; anthers bearing at apex a few hairs. (Pl. 52, figs. 11, 12. Griffiths 201.) DISTRIBUTION. Plains and dry slopes, Minnesota to Alberta and south to New Mexico. SasKATCHEWAN: Red Deer Lakes, Macoun 74. Touchwood Hills, Herriot 77181. Breakmore, Herriot 77180. ALBERTA: Calgary, Hitchcock 4972, 11457. Edmonton, Hitchcock 11362. Lethbridge, Hitchcock 4954. Minnesota: St. Anthony Park, Oswald in 1911. Heron Lake, Skinner 41. Nortu Daxorta: Benson County, Lunell 1334. Minot,Waldron 1809; Brannon 113. Souta Daxora: Redfield, Griffiths 201. Aberdeen, Griffiths 130, 828. Brook- ings, Wilcor 11. Hot Springs, Rydberg 1112; Hitchcock 11154. Custer, Hitchcock 11112. Edgemont, Hitchcock 11103. Iowa: Ames, Hitchcock 11012 (introduced). Nesraska: Halsey, Hitchcock 11048. Mullen, Rydberg 1598. Wiegand, Clements 2680. Montana: Manhattan, Shear 413. Missoula, Williams & Griffiths 271, 272, 273. Gallatin, Rydberg 2180, 2285; Shear 528. Bozeman, Rydberg 3011. Jefferson City, Scribner 340. Shelby, Hitchcock 11330. Billings, Hitch- cock 11212. Wyomine: Gillette, Hitchcock 11188. Beulah, Griffiths 969. Hulett, Griffiths 933. Cassa, Nelson 8359. Badger, Nelson 8341. Welcome, Williams 2700a. Pine Bluff, Nelson 3613. Sibylee Creek, Nelson 473. Yellow- stone National Park, Hitchcock 1930. Cotorabo: Estes Park, Johnston 702. Gato, Baker 222. Fort Collins, Pammel in 1896. Columbine, Tweedy 4367. Without locality, Hall & Harbour 626. New Mexico: Las Vegas, Rose & Fitch 17573. 33. Stipa vaseyi Scribn. Stipa viridula var. robusta Vasey, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 56. 1890. ‘‘Chenate Mountains (Presidio county). Ranges from Colorado to Mexico.’’ This was included in an article by John M. Coulter on “A collection of plants made by Mr. G. C. Nealley, in the region of the Rio Grande, in Texas, from Brazos, Santiago to El Paso County.” The type, in the U. S. National Her- barium, is numbered 714, and was collected in 1887. It is below the usual height for the species, being about 80 cm. tall. The lemma is 6.5 mm. long, the awn 18 mm. long. Stipa robusta Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 23. 1897. Based on “‘S, viridula robusta Vasey.” Stipa vaseyi Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. Based on ‘Stipa viridula robusta Vasey, not S. robusta Nutt.’’ Stipa robusta Nutt, was given by Trinius ? as a synonym of S. spartea. It appears never to have been used as a valid name for a species, and might not have interfered with the use of robusta. It does not seem advisable to make this change now. 22 Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 51:69. 1842. 252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, robust, glabrous, mostly 1 to 1.5 meters tall; sheaths glabrous, villous at the throat and on the margin, a strong hispidulous line across the collar; ligule membranaceous, sometimes ciliate, 2 to 4 mm. long, shorter on the inno- vations; blades flat or on the innovations slender and involute, mostly glabrous, scaberulous on the margins and toward the tip, as much as 60 cm. long and 8 mm. wide; panicles narrow, compact, pale or greenish, often more or less inter- rupted below, as much as 30 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the branches appressed, several at each node, some short, some as much as 8 cm. long and naked at base, bearing several spikelets, strongly villous or hispid at the lower nodes; glumes about 1 em. long, equal, acuminate to a fine soft point but scarcely awned, rather firm, 3-nerved or the first 5-nerved, the nerves inconspicuous, lemma 6 to 8 mm. long, at maturity medium dark brown, the callus rather blunt, about 0.5 mm. long, densely barbed with whitish hairs, the body narrow-fusiform, narrowed above into an obscure neck, villous all over with appressed white hairs, those of the summit 1.5 to 2 mm. long; awn mostly 2 to 3 cm. long, scabrous, rather obscurely twice-geniculate, twisted to the second bend; anthers tipped with a minute tuft of hairs. (Pl. 52, figs. 138, 14. Hitchcock 13280.) Stipa vaseyi, called sleepy grass, is reported on creditable authority to act as a narcotic on animals that graze upon it, especially affecting horses. Chemical analyses have failed to show the presence of poisonous properties and the grass appears to lose its narcotic effect when cut for hay. As yet there has been no exact experimentation upon the effect of sleepy grass, and the nature of its action must await detailed study. Although the species extends from Colorado to Arizona, the poisonous effect has been reported only from the vicinity of the Sacramento Mountains in New Mexico. (See Sampson, Native American Forage Plants, 229. 1924). This species differs from S. tiridula in the more robust habit, larger and more compact panicles, firmer, less hyaline glumes (the nerves thus less conspicuous), the acuminate, less attenuate-tipped glumes, and the longer, less turgid fruit, with longer hairs on the crown. DISTRIBUTION. Dry plains and hills and dry open woods, Colorado to northern Mexico. Texas: San Diego, Nealley in 1891. Chenate Mountains, Presidio County, Nealley 714. Cotorapvo: Idaho Springs, Rydberg 2493, Shear 725. Pagosa Springs, Baker 221. Colorado Springs, Williams 2130, 2156. Manitou, Shear 713, 715, 1109, Hitchcock 1695, 1709, 1775, 1783; Chase 5295; Clements 17. Sedalia, Hitch- cock 16235. Starkville, Chase 5344. Twin Lakes, Wolfe 1104. Piedra, Wooton 2939. Salida, Clements 248. Georgetown, Shear 639. Ouray, Hitchcock 2239. Raton Mountains, Griffiths 5489. New Mexico: Cloudcroft, Hitchcock 13280, 13305. Santa Fe Canyon, Rose 17711. Santa Fe, Standley, 6472. Pecos, Standley 4901. Windsor Creek, Standley 4216. Glorietta Mountains, Griffiths 5040. Cimarron Canyon, Griffiths 5546. El Rito, Wooton 2991. Las Vegas, Chase 5861. Raton, Standley 6253; Rose 17559. Dulce, Standley 8113. White Mountains, Wooton 370. ArIzONA: San Francisco Mountains, Leiberg 5908; Lemmon 3181. Volunteer Valley, Lemmon 4679. Coaunvut.a: Lerios, Palmer 1249 in 1880. Saltillo, Palmer 317 in 1902. HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 253 34. Stipa columbiana Macoun. Stipa columbiana Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 191. 1888. ‘Yale, B. C.; Cedar Hill, four miles from Victoria, Vancouver Island. (Macoun.)”’ The two speci- mens cited are in the herbarium of the Geological Survey at Ottawa, Canada. The Yale specimen (no. 28,940, collected on rocks, May 17, 1875) in the Ottawa Herbarium, may be considered the type. It is about 35 cm. tall, with a panicle 10 cm. long, the culm blades mostly flat, the glumes 1 cm. long, the lemma 6 mm. long, with a callus, 0.5 mm. long, the awn 2.5 cm. long, scabrous-pubescent below. The Cedar Hill specimen (no. 28,941, collected on dry slopes, May 7, 1875) is similar. In both specimens the panicles are not fully developed, being partially inclosed at the base in the uppermost sheath. Stipa viridula var. minor Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50.1892. ‘Smaller _ {than S. viridula] throughout, occurs at higher altitudes, the awns usually shorter.’ No specimen is cited and no locality is given. The type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, was collected on Kelso Mountain, near Torrey’s Peak, Colo., by G. W. Letterman (no. 95), at 13,000 feet altitude, August 13, 1885. The name is in Doctor Vasey’s hand. This specimen is closely similar to the two speci- mens mentioned under S. columbiana, but is rather less developed. The lemmas are about 5 mm. long, but are immature. Four other specimens have the name in Doctor Vasey’s hand, two being now referred to Stipa lemmoni and two being similar to the Letterman specimen. The last is the only specimen cited by Scribner (see next paragraph), when he raised the variety to specific rank, and thus will stand as the type. Stipa minor Scribn. U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. Based on S. viridula minor Vasey. The species is described and several specimens are cited. DESCRIPTION. Culms erect, glabrous, mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall, sometimes as much as 1 meter; sheaths glabrous, naked at the throat; ligule rather firm, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades mostly involute, especially on the innovations, those of the culm sometimes flat, glabrous or nearly so, 10 to 20 cm. long or sometimes longer, on the innovations mostly about 0.5 mm. thick, sometimes wider on the culms; panicles narrow, compact or rather loose, often purplish, 5 to 15 cm. long, the branches short and appressed; glumes about 1 cm. long, nearly equal, acuminate or awn-pointed, glabrous or slightly scaberulous, 3-nerved, the nerves rather obscure because of the firm texture; lemma 6 to 7 mm. long, the callus short, barbed, the body densely appressed-villous, scarcely narrowed at summit, the hairs at the summit about the same as the others; awn mostly 2 to 2.5 cm. long, more or less twice- geniculate, scabrous or somewhat scabrous-pubescent to the second bend. (Pl. 52, figs. 15, 16. Hitchcock 4911.) A few specimens from New Mexico (Standley 4555, 14727; Wooton in 1907; Vasey in 1881) have narrower stiffer fewer-flowered panicles and firmer glumes than found in the typical form. DISTRIBUTION. Dry plains and open woods, Wyoming to Yukon and south to New Mexico and California. AuBEeRTA: Mount Paget, Macoun 64852. Banff, Hitchcock 11506. Laggan, Macoun 64851. Pipestone Creek, Macoun 64850. Jasper Park, Macoun 98206. Waterton Lake, Macoun 13336. British Cotumpia: Yale, Macoun 18. Cedar Hill, Macoun 75. Columbia Valley, Macoun 61. Kamloops, Macoun 16. YuxKon: Whitehorse, Hitchcock 4303. 954 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Soutu Daxora: Custer, Hitchcock 11123. Montana: Lima, Rydberg 2302. Glacier National Park, Hitchcock 11282, 11311. Prickly Pear Creek, Scribner in 1883. Black Hawk, Rydberg 3281. Columbia Falls, Hitchcock 4911, 4937. Bitter Root Mountains, Chase 5239. Wyomina: Clear Creek, Williams & Griffiths 98. Yellowstone National Park, Nelson & Nelson 6677; Chase 5254; Rydberg & Bessey 3551b. Battle Lake, Nelson 4026. Sundance, Williams 2601. Ferris Mountains, Nelson 4961. Antelope Basin, Nelson 7478. Bridger Peak, Goodding 1940. Chimney Park, Nelson 450. Laramie Hills, Nelson 408. Ipauo: Victor, Merrill & Wilcox 221. WASHINGTON: Pullman, Piper 1762. Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 258. Oregon: Wallowa Lake, Shear 1759, 1780, 1785; Cusick 2321. Wallowa National Forest, Jardine 336. Grizzly Range, Leiberg 4125. Albee, Chase 4802. Wallowa Mountains, Cusick 2242, 3195. Crook County, Leiberg 495. Steins Mountains, Griffiths & Morris 552. Cotorapo: Veta Pass, Shear 843. Hebron, Shear & Bessey 1467. Tolland, Ramaley 8824. Robinson, Shear 104644. Red Mountain, Shear 1190. Buena Vista, Shear 1006, 1025. Marshall Pass, Clements 202; Baker 478. Villa Grove, Shear 890. Leadville, Hitchcock 2325. Anita Peak, Goodding 1762. Rogers, Baker 801. Cumbres, Baker 218. Boulder, Hitchcock 16239. Urau: Wasatch Mountains, Tidestrom 602, 1807, 1875, 1892; Coville & Tide- strom 17. Manti National Forest, Hitchcock 10947, 10953. Marysvale, Jones 5940. Tushar Mountains, Eggleston 10496. Abajo Mountains, Rydberg & Garrett 9857. NevapDa: Pine Forest Mountains, Griffiths & Morris 212. East Humboldt Mountains, Watson 1295. Lone Mountain, Hitchcock 10717. Glenbrook, Hitchcock 3191. Ely, Hitchcock 10806, 10836. New Mexico: Brazos Canyon, Standley & Bollman 10911. Chama, Wooton 2980; Baker 219. Silver City, Metcalfe 745. Pecos National Forest, Standley 4542, 4555. Las Vegas, Vasey in 1881. White Mountains, Wooton in 1907. Ute Park, Standley 14727. Cauirornia: Yosemite National Park, Hitchcock 327114, 3324. Summit Valley, Pringle in 1882. Mount Lyall, Hitchcock 3304. Sierra National Forest, Hitchcock 3393. 34a. Stipa columbiana nelsoni (Scribn.) Hitche. Stipa nelsoni Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. ‘Woods Landing, Albany County, Wyo., altitude 2,600 meters (No. 3963, A. Nelson, August 9, 1897); rich soil, Sheep Mountain, * * * (No. 2269, Thomas A, Williams, July 2, 1897.) Named for Prof. Aven Nelson.’’? The type (Nelson 3963), in the U.S. National Herbarium, closely resembles the typ& of S. williamsi; but the culms and leaves are glabrous, except for the lowermost internode of the main culm, which is puberulent. The sheaths are somewhat pilose at the throat, and some of the first glumes are 3-nerved and some 5-nerved. bs DESCRIPTION. Differing in its usually large size, being as much as 1 meter tall, the broader culm blades, and the larger and denser panicle. The lemma is 6 to 7 mm. long, the awn as much as 3.5 cm. long or even longer. In some specimens (for example, Griffiths & Cotton 433, from eastern Washington) the awns are as much as 5.5 cm. long. (PI. 52, fig. 17. Nelson 3963.) HITCHCOCK—-NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF STIPA. 255 DISTRIBUTION. Dry plains and open woods, Alberta and Washington to Colorado and Lower California. ALBERTA: Banff, McCalla 2327. Craigmyle District, Brinkman 790. British Cotumsia: Yale, Macoun 18 in 1889. Montana: Columbia Falls, Williams 1039; Hitchcock 4912, 4939. Spanish Basin, Rydberg 3153. Bonner, Sandberg, Heller & MacDougal 986. Barker, Rydberg 3374. Sheep Creek, Rydberg 3307. Anaconda, Blankinship 755. Jefferson City, Scribner 340.8 Little Belt Mountains, Rydberg 3422. Wyromina: Battle Lake, Nelson 4060. Wilson, Merrill & Wilcox 273. Yellow- stone National Park, Rydberg & Bessey 3551; Mearns 3781; Hitchcock 1938, 1990, 2022; Tweedy 609. Jackson, Merrill & Wilcox 290. Seminole Moun- tains, Nelson 4922. Jacksons Hole, Merrill & Wilcox 311. Sheep Moun- tain, Williams 2269. Evanston, Williams 2423. Antelope Basin, Nelson 7478. Medicine Bow Mountains, Nelson 7829. Ipauo: Victor, Merrill & Wilcox 216,223. Lake Waha, Henderson 2856. Mont- pelier, Williams 2535, 2540. St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox 150. Saw Tooth National Forest, Woods & Tidestrom 2557. Beaver Canyon, Rydberg 2345. St. Marys River, Leiberg 1173. Soldier Mountain, Henderson 3287. WASHINGTON: Spangle, Suksdorf 8726. Spokane, Suksdorf 8844. Oaksdale, Suksdorf 8865. Steptoe, Vasey 3040. Orecon: Blue Mountains, Griffiths & Hunter 116. Klamath Marsh, Leiberg 741. Dry Creek, Coville & Applegate 601. Wallowa Mountains, Cusick 3296c, 3308a, 3367. Cotorapo: Idaho Springs, Rydberg 2489. Marshall Pass, Shear 902. Sheep- horn Divide, Shear & Bessey 1546. Cerro Summit, Baker 420. Tolland, Ramaley 6918. Veta Pass, Shear 47. Ouray, Hitchcock 2226. Silverton, Shear 1212. Uran: Abajo Mountains, Rydberg & Garrett 9856. Wasatch Mountains, Coville & Tidestrom 4, 16; Tidestrom 1748, 1844. Manti National Forest, Hitch- cock 10892, 10908. Nevapa: Austin, Hitchcock 10612, 10654, 10687. Gold Creek, Hitchcock 10754. Lone Mountain, Hitchcock 10722. Reno, Tracy 418. CALIFORNIA: Mount Dana, Bolander 5078. Yosemite National Park, Lemmon in 1897. Truckee, Hitchcock 10501. San Nicholas Island, Trask 11. Lower CaLirorNiIA: Guadalupe Ranch, Orcutt in 1886. San Telmo, Orcutt in 1886. Todos Santos Island, Anthony 202. 35. Stipa lettermani Vasey. Stipa lettermani Vasey, Bull. Torrey Club 13: 53. 1886. ‘‘Collected in Idaho by Prof. G. W. Letterman.”’ The type, in the U. 8. National Herbarium, collected on Snake River in August, 1885, is numbered 102. The culms are 30 to 50 cm. tall, the lemma about 5 mm. long including the callus (this 0.56 mm. long), the hairs’at summit as much as 1 mm. long, the awn about 1.5 mm. long. Stipa viridula var. lettermani Vasey, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892. Presumably based on S. lettermani Vasey, but no synonymy is given and no speci- mens are cited. DESCRIPTION. Culms cespitose, often in large tufts, glabrous or minutely scaberulous, erect, mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous, not pilose at throat; ligule a rather firm membrane less than 0.5 mm. long; blades slender, involute, the innovations 28 There are several Scribner collections numbered 340. 256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. numerous, glabrous or minutely scaberulous, 10 to 20 cm. long, mostly less than 0.5mm. thick; panicles slender, narrow, rather loosely flowered, pale or greenish, 10 to 15 em. long, the branches short and appressed, few-flowered; glumes about 6 mm. long, equal, acuminate, or awn-pointed, pale, rather firm, rather obscurely 3-nerved, minutely scaberulous; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, pale, the cal- lus 0.5 mm. long, rather sparsely barbed, the body narrow, somewhat narrowed at the summit, appressed-villous, the hairs longer above, those of the summit 1 to 1.5 mm. long; awn slender, obscurely twice-geniculate, scabrous, 1.5 to 2 em. long. (PI. 52, figs. 18, 19. Letterman 102.) DISTRIBUTION. Open ground or open woods at upper altitudes, Wyoming to New Mexico and California. Montana: Lima, Shear 595. Wromina: Jacksons Hole, Merrill & Wilcox 267, 314, 360. Teton Mountains, Nelson & Nelson 6534. Leckie, Merrill & Wilcoxz 58. Yellowstone National Park, Electric Peak, Hitchcock 2005. Sheep Mountain, Williams 2309. Bighorn County, Tweedy 72. Jackson Lake, Merrill 102. Evanston, Williams 2433. Teton Forest Reserve, Merrill & Wilcox 393. Jackson, Merrill & Wilcox 287. Ipano: Ketchum, Nelson & Macbride 1224. Wood River, Henderson 3286. Snake River, Letterman 102. OrEGoN: Mount Thielson, Coville & Applegate 431. Crater Lake, Hitchcock 3049; Heller 13448. Cotorapo: Routt County, Hastwood in 1891. Fall Creek, Rose 138. Uranu: Manti National Forest, Hitchcock 10901. Burrville, Jones 5642. Cotton- wood Canyon, Garrett 1650. Alta, Jones 1146. Tushar Mountains, Eggles- ton 10412. Ephraim Canyon, Tidestrom 1755. Twelve Mile Canyon, Eggleston 1776. Summit County, Garrett 2621. Gunnison Valley, Coville & Tidestrom 14. Mount Ellen, Jones 5684. Ogden, Tracy 355. NEvaDA: Ely, Hitchcock 10812. New Mexico: Santa Fe, Standley 6459. Chama, Standley 6570; Wooton 2980. Pecos, Standley 5188. Brazos Canyon, Standley & Bollman 10866. CairorniA: Lincoln Valley, Kennedy & Doten 215. Soda Springs, Jones 2553. Summit Valley, Pringle in 1882. Truckee, Hitchcock in 1901. Bear Valley, Parish Brothers 1552. 36. Stipa pinetorum Jones. Stipa pinetorum Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 724. 1895. ‘No. 6023 p. September 8, 1894, Panguitch Lake, Utah, 8,400 alt., growing in open places among the pine forests.” Collected by Marcus E. Jones.